\\
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE: 
 
 IN WHICH THE 
 
 WORDS ARE DEDUCED FROM THEIR ORIGIN 
 
 AND ILLUSTRATED IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS BY EXAMPLES FROM THE BEST WRITERS. 
 
 TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED 
 
 A HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE, 
 
 AND 
 
 <an dBnsIt^t) Grammar* 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL JOHNSON, L. L. D. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 VOL. I. 
 
 COM TABULIS AXINIM CENSORIS SUMET HOSESTI : 
 ADDEBIT QUiCDNQCE PAECM SPLENDORIS HABEBUNT, 
 ET SINE PONDERE ERONT, ET HONORE INDIGNA FERENTCR, 
 VERBA MOVERE LOCO, QCAMVIS INVITA RECEDAMT, 
 ET VERSENTUR ADHUC INTRA PENETRALIA VEST*: 
 OBSCIRATA DIU POPl'LO BONCS ERCET, ATOCE 
 PROFERET IN LICEM SPECIOSA VOCABl'LA REROM, 
 aVS. PRISCIS MEMORATA CATOMBVS ATQUE CETHEGIS, 
 NUNC SITUS INFORMIS PBEMIT ET DESERTA VETUSTAS. 
 
 HUB. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 . ., ...eoxiAV I RBIMBY J BIGG W. BLTTON AND SON. C. BAl U\MN ANU to. « . BAYNES, 
 PRINTED VCR C. AND J. OIFOR, W. ALLASON, II. AkERMAN, J. BRIMBY J. BIGG > . EDWARDS. T. FISHER, R. HILL. 
 
 R. BALDOCK, C. CHAl-PLE, G. COWIE AND CO. W. CARTON, J. DOBSON M. DO^LE, J_ t^*^^. ^^ " MAVNARD, T. H'LEAX, B. REYNOI DS, 
 W. HARWOOD, E, JEFKERY AND SON. ^^KEYS, T^ LESTER J. LO^S.l^ ^ ^^_^^^;_ P. WRIGHT, E. WILL.AMS, 
 
 *. K, NEWMAN AND CO. T. NESBITT, J. ROBINS AND SONS, W. *«*''''^-^^°J',\'^- gsTER • R NICHOLS, WAKEFIELD : SPENCE AND BURDEKIN. 
 AND R. YOUNG : ALSO W. ROBINSON AND SON. LIVEKPOOL ; ^^^^^.'If . ^ WHYTE tND CO. EDINBURGH ; R. GRIFFIN AND CO. GLASCO*; 
 YORK; L WILSON, HILL; J. REID, BERWICK; J. SINCL.AIR, Dl'MIRlES , V. . WHY"rt AND tu. r,u 
 J. CRICHTON, PAISLEY ; AND t. P. ARCHER, DLBLIN. 
 
 I8i-^.
 
 Pluiiiiurr and Brewis, Printers, Love Laue, Eastcliiap.
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 >\*m99l)9i»< 
 
 ¥T is the fate of those who toil at the lower employments of life, to, be rather driven by the fear of evil, 
 than attracted by the prospect of good ; to be exposed to censure, without hope of praise ; to be 
 disgraced by miscarriage, or punished for neglect, where success would have been without applause, and 
 diligence without reward. 
 
 Among these unhappy mortals is the writer of dictionaries ; whom mankind have considered, not as 
 the pupil, but the slave of science, the pioneer of literature, doomed only to remove rubbish and clear 
 obstructions from the paths through which Learning and Genius press forward" to conquest and glory, 
 without bestowing a smile on the humble drudge that facilitates their progress. Every other autlior may 
 aspire to praise ; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach, and even this negative recompense 
 has been yet granted to very few. 
 
 I have, notwithstanding this discouragement, attempted a Dictionary of the English language, which, 
 while it was employed in the cultivation of every species of literature, has itself been hitherto neglected ; 
 suffered to spread, under the direction of chance, into wild exuberance ; resigned to the tyranny of time 
 and fashion ; and exposed to the corruptions of ignorance, and caprices of innovation. 
 
 When 1 took the first survey of my undertaking, I found our speech copious without order, and 
 energetick without rules : wherever I turned iny view tliere was perplexity to be disentangled, and con- 
 fusion to be regulated ; choice was to be made out of boundless variety, without any established principle 
 of selection ; adulterations were to be detected, without a settled test of purity ; and modes of expression 
 to be rejected or received, without the suffrages of any writers of classical reputation or acknowledged 
 authority. 
 
 Having therefore no assistance but from general grammar, I applied myself to the perusal of our 
 writers ; and noting w hatever might be of use to ascertain or illustrate any word or phrase, accumulated 
 in time the materials of a dictionary, which, by degrees, I reduced to method, establishing to myself, in 
 the progress of the work, such rules as experience and analogy suggested to me ; experience, which 
 practice and observation were continually increasing ; and analogy, which, though in some words 
 obscure, was evident in others. 
 
 In adjusting the Orthographv, which has been to this time misettled and fortuitous, I found it 
 necessary to distinguish those irregularities that are inherent in our tongue, and perhaps coeval with it, 
 from others which the ignorance or negligence of later writers has produced. Every language has its 
 anomalies, which, though inconvenient, and in themselves once unnecessary, must be tolerated among 
 the imperfections of human things, and which required only to be registered, that they may not be 
 increased, and ascertained, that they may not be confounded : but every language has likewise its 
 improprieties and absurdities, which it is the duty of the lexicographer to correct or proscribe. 
 
 As language was at its beginning merely oral, all words of necessary or common use were spoken before 
 they were written ; and while they were unfixed by any visible signs, must have been spoken with great 
 diversity, as we now observe those who cannot read to catch sounds imperfectly, and utter them negli- 
 gently. When this wild and barbarous jargon was first reduced to an alphabet, every penman endea- 
 voured to express, as he could, the sounds which he was accustomed to pronounce or to receive, and 
 vitiated in writing such words as were already vitiated in speech. The powers of the letters, m hen liiey 
 were applied to a new language, must have been vague and unsettled, and tlierefore difl'erent hands would 
 exhibit the same sound by different combinations.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 From this uncertain pronunciation arise in a great part the various dialects of the same country, 
 which will always be observed to gi'ow fewer, and less different, as books are multiplied ; and from this 
 arbitrary representation of sounds by letters, proceeds that diversity of spelling observable in the Saxon 
 remains, and I suppose in the first books of every nation, which perplexes or destroys analogy, and 
 produces anomalous formations, that, being once incorporated, can never be afterwards dismissed or 
 reformed. 
 
 Of this kind aie the derivatives length from long, strength from strong, darling from dear, breadth 
 from broad, from dry, drought, and from Jiigh, height, which Milton, in zeal for analogy, writes highth ; 
 Quid te exemptajuvat spinis de pluribux una? to change all would be too much, and to change one is 
 notliing 
 
 This uncertainty is most frequent in the vowels, which are so capriciously pronounced, and so 
 differently modified, by accident or affectation, not only in every province, but in every mouth, that to 
 them, as is well known to etymologists, little regard is to be shewn in the deduction of one language 
 from another. 
 
 Such defects are not errours in orthography, but spots of barbarity impressed so deep in the English 
 language, that criticism can never wash them away : these, therefore, must be permitted to remain 
 untouched ; but many words have likewise been altered by accident, or depraved by ignorance, as the 
 pronunciation of the vulgar has been weakly followed ; and some still continue to be variously written, 
 as authors diffei in their care or skill : of these it was pi'oper to enquire the true orthography, ^ hich I 
 have always considered as depending on their deiivation, and have therefore referred them to their 
 original languages : thus 1 write enchant, enchantment, enchanter, after the French, and incantation 
 after the Latin ; thus entire is chosen rather than intire, because it passed to us not from the Latin 
 integer, but from the French entier. 
 
 Of many \^ords it is difficult to say whether they were immediately received from the Latin or the 
 French, since at the time when we had dominions in France, we had Latin service in our churches. 
 It is, however, my opinion, that the French generally supplied us ; for we have few Latin words, 
 amon" the terms of domestick use, which are not French ; but many French, which are very remote 
 from Latin. 
 
 Even in words of which the derivation is apparent, I have been often obliged to sacrifice uniformity 
 to custom ; thus I write, in compliance with a numberless majority, convey and inveigh, deceit and 
 receipt, fancy and phantom ; sometimes the derivative varies from the primitive, as explain and expla- 
 nation, repeat and repetition. 
 
 Some combinations of letters having the same power, are used indifferently without any discoverable 
 reason of choice, as in choak, choke ; soap, sope ; fewel,fuel, and many others ; M'hich I have some- 
 times inserted twice, that those who search for them under either form, may not search in vain. 
 
 In examining the orthography of any doubtful word, the mode of spelling by which it is inserted in 
 the series of the dictionary, is to be considered as that to which I give, perhaps not often rashly, the 
 preference. I have left, in the examples, to every author his own practice unmolested, that the reader 
 may balance suffrages, and judge between us : but this question is not always to be determined by 
 reputed or by real learning; some men, intent upon greater things, have thought little on sounds and deri- 
 vations ; some, knowing in the ancient tongues, have neglected those in which our words are commonly 
 to be sought. Thus Hammond writes Jecibleness for feasibleness, because I suppose he imagined it 
 derived immediately from the Latin ; and some words, such as dependant, dependent ; dependance, 
 dependence, vary their final syllable, as one or another language is present to the writer. 
 
 In this part of the work, where caprice has long wantoned without controul, and vanity sought praise 
 by petty reformation, I have endeavoured to proceed with a scholar's reverence for antiquity, and a 
 grammarian's regard to the genius of our tongue. I have attempted few alterations, and among those 
 i^v^, perhaps the greater part is from the modern to the ancient practice ; and I hope I may be allowed 
 to recommend to those, whose thoughts have been perhaps employed too anxiously on verbal singulari- 
 ties, not to disturb, upon narrow views, or for minute propriety, the orthography of their fathers. It 
 has been asserted, that for tlie law to be known, is of more importance than to be right. Change, says 
 Hooker, is not made without inconvenience, even from worse to better. There is in constancy and 
 stability a general and lasting advantage, which will always overbalance the slow improvements of gra- 
 
 2
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 dual conection. Much less ought our written language to comply with the corruptions of oral utter- 
 ance, or copy that which every variation of time or place makes different from itself, and imitate those 
 changes, which will again be changed, while imitation is employed in observing them. 
 
 This recommendation of steadiness and uniformity does not proceed from an opinion, that particular 
 combinations of letters have much influence on human happiness ; or that truth may not be successfully 
 taught by modes of spelling fanciful and erroneous : I am not yet so lost in lexicography, as to forget 
 thai words are the daughters of earth, and that things are the sons of heaven. Language is only the 
 instrument of science, and words are but the signs of ideas : I wish, however, that the instrument might 
 be less apt to decay, and that signs might be permanent, like the things which they denote. 
 
 In settling the orthography, I have not wholly neglected the pronunciation, w hich I have directed, 
 by printing an accent upon the acute or elevated syllable. It will sometimes be found, that the accent 
 is placed by the author quoted, on a different syllable from that marked in the alphabetical series ; it is 
 then to be understood, that custom has varied, or that the author has, in my opinion, pronounced 
 wronc. Short directions are sometimes given where the sound of letters is irregular ; and if they are 
 sometimes omitted, defect in such minute observations will be more easily excused, than superfluity. 
 
 In the investigation both of the orthography and signification of words, their ExyMOLOOY was neces- 
 sarily to be considered, and they were therefore to be divided into primitives and derivatives. A 
 primitive word, is that which can be traced no further to any English root ; thus circumspect, circumvent, 
 circumstance, delude, concave, and complicate, though compounds in the Latin, are to us primitives. 
 Derivatives are all those that can be referred to any word in English of greater simplicity. 
 
 The derivatives I have referred to their primitives, with an accuracy sometimes needless ; for who 
 does not see that remoteness comes from lemote, lovely from love, concavity from concave, and demon- 
 strative from demonstrate? but this grammatical exuberance the scheme of my work did not allow me 
 to repress. It is of great importance, in examining the general fabrick of a language, to trace one word 
 from another, by noting the usual modes of derivation and inflection ; and uniformity must be preserved 
 in systematical works, though sometimes at the expence of particular propriety. 
 
 Among other derivatives I have been careful to insert and elucidate the anomalous plurals of nouns 
 and preterites of verbs, which in the Teuionick dialects are very frequent, and, though familiar to those 
 who have always used them, interrupt and embarrass the learners of our language. 
 
 The two languages from which our primitives have been derived are the Roman and Teutonick : undei 
 the Roman I comprehend the French and provincial tongues; and under the Teutonick range the Saxon, 
 German, and all their kindred dialects. ]\Iost of our polysyllables are Roman, and our words of one 
 syllable are very often Teutonick. 
 
 In assigning the Roman original, it has perhaps sometimes happened that I have mentioned only the 
 Latin, when the word was borrowed from the French ; and considering myself as employed only in 
 the illustration of my own language, I have not been very careful to observe whether the Latin word 
 be pure or barbarous, or the French elegant or obsolete. 
 
 For the Teutonick etymologies I am commonly indebted to Junius and Skinner, the only names 
 which I have forborn to quote when I copied their books; not that I might appropriate their labours or 
 usurp their honours, but that I might spare a general repetition by one general acknowledgment. Of 
 these, whom I ought not to mention but with the reverence due to instructors and benefactors, Junius 
 appears to have excelled in extent of learning, and Skinner in rectitude of understanding. Junius was 
 accurately skilled in all the northern languages, Skintier probably examined the ancient and remoter 
 dialects only by occasional inspection into dictionaries ; but the learnmg of Junius is often of no other 
 use than to show him a track by which he may deviate from his purpose, to which Skinner always 
 presses forward by the shortest way. Skinner is often ignorant, but never ridiculous : Junius is always 
 full of knowledge ; but his variety distracts his judgment, and his learning is very frequently disgraced 
 by his absurdities. 
 
 The votaries of the northern muses will not perhaps easily restrain their indignation, when they find 
 the name oi Junius thus degraded by a disadvantageous comparison ; but whatever reverence is due to 
 his diligence, or his attainments, it can be no criminal degree of censoriousness to charge that etvmo- 
 logist with want of judgment, m ho can seriously derive dream from drama, because life is a drama, 
 
 s
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 and a drama is a dream ; and who declares with a tone of defiance, that no man can fail to derive 7noan 
 from jxlvoi;, monos, single or solitary, who considers that grief naturally loves to be alune. * 
 
 Our knowledge of the northern literature is so scanty, that of w^ords undoubtedly Teutonick, the 
 original is not always to be found in any ancient language ; and I have therefore inserted Dutch or 
 German substitutes, which I consider not as radical, but parallel, not as the parents, but sisters of 
 the English. 
 
 The words which are represented as thus related by descent or cognation, do not always agree in 
 sense ; for it is incident to words, as to their authors, to degenerate from their ancestors, and to change 
 their manners when they change their country. It is sufficient, in etymological enquiries, if the senses 
 of kindred words be found such as may easily pass into each other, or such as may both be referred to 
 one general idea. 
 
 Tlie etymology, so far as it is yet known, was easily found in the volumes where it is particularly and 
 professedly delivered ; and, by proper attention to the rules of derivation, the orthography was soon 
 adjusted. But to collect the Words of our language was a task of greater difficulty : the deficiency 
 of dictionaries was immediately apparent; and when they were exhausted, what was yet wanting must 
 be sought by fortuitous and unguided excursions into books, and gleaned as industry should find, or 
 chance should offisr it, in the boundless chaos of a living speech. My search, however, has been 
 either skilful or lucky ; for I have much augmented the vocabulary. 
 
 As my design was a dictionary, conmion or appellative, I have omitted all words which have rela- 
 tion to proper names; such as Arian, Socinian, Calvinist, Benedictine, Maliometan ; but have retained 
 those of a more general nature, as Heathen, Pagan. 
 
 Of the terms of art I have received such as could be found either in books of science or technical 
 dictionaries ; and have often inserted, from philosophical writers, words which are supported perhaps 
 only by a single authority, and which being not admitted into general use, stand yet as candidates or 
 probationers, and must depend for their adoption on the suflVage of futurity. 
 
 The words which our authors have introduced by their knowledge of foreign languages, or ignorance 
 of their own, by vanity or wantonness, by compliance with fashion or lust of innovation, I have 
 registered as they occured, though commonly only to censure them, and warn others against the folly 
 of naturalizing useless foreigners to the injury of the natives. 
 
 I have not rejected any by design, merely because they were unnecessary or exuberant ; but have 
 received those which by different writers have been differently formed, as viscid, and viscidity, viscous, 
 and viscosity. 
 
 Compounded or double words I have seldom noted, except when they obtain a signification different 
 from that which the components have in their simple state. Thus highwayman, ivoodman, and ho7-se- 
 course, require an explanation ; but of thiejiike or coachdriver no notice was needed, because the 
 primitives contain the meaning of the compounds. 
 
 "Words arbitrarily formed by a constant and settled analogy, like diminutive adjectives in ish, as 
 greenish, bluish; adverbs in ly, ai dully, openly ; substantives in ness, as vileness, fault mess ; were less 
 
 * That I may not appear to liave spoken too irreverently of 
 Junius, I have here subjoined a few specimens of his etymolo- 
 gical extravagance. 
 
 • Banish, rdigare, ex hanno vet icrritorio exigere, in exilium 
 agerc. G. bannir. It. bandire. bandeggiare. H. bandir. B. 
 bannen. ^vi niedii scriptores baiinire dicebant. V. Spelm. 
 in Bannum & in Banleuga. Quoniam vero regionum urbiumq ; 
 limites arduis pleruraq ; montibus, altis fluminibus, longis 
 deniq ; flexuosisq ; angustissimarum viarum amfractibus inclii- 
 debantur, fieri potest id genus limites ban dici ab eo quod 
 Baua-Tai & Banar^oi Tarentinis olim, sicuti tradit Hesychius, 
 vocabantur ai ^o|oiKa! ^>)iS!;T£»£i? oJoi, " obiiquae ac minime in 
 rectum tendentes viae." Ac fortasse quoque hue facit quod 
 Bathf eodein Hesychio teste, dicebant c^n r^ayyvM, montes 
 arduos. 
 
 Empty, emtie, vacuus inanis. A. S. jEmrij. Nescio an 
 sint ab Ifi/w vel cfx.s]au. Vomo, evomo, vomitu evacuo. ^'iiJetur 
 interim etymologiam hancnon obscure finiiare codex Rush. 
 
 Mat. xii. 22. ubi antique scriptum invenimus ^emoe'ceb hit 
 emetij. " Invenit earn vacantem." 
 
 Hill, mons, collis. A. S. hvU. Quod videri potest abscis- 
 sum ex KoPiurn vel xaXutof. Collis, tumulus, locus in piano 
 editior. Hom. II. b. v. 811. sr* Js ti; Tr^oTra^oiOi woXioj aurua 
 xcy^iuvn. Ubi authori brevium scholioriun xo^wnl exp. roaros 115 
 
 Nap. to take a nap. Dormirc, condormiscere. Cym. hep- 
 pian. A.S. hnaeppan. Quod postremuro videri potest desump- 
 tum ex x»£^a«, obscuritas, tenebrte : nihil enim Eeque solet 
 conciliare somnum, quani caliginosa profunda noctis obscu- 
 ritas. 
 
 Stammerer, Balbus, bloesus. Goth. STAMMS, A. S. 
 j-tamep, j-camup. D. stam. B. stameler. Su. stamma. Isl. 
 stamr. Sunt, a rujj.vy^ut vel j-unCiAtit, niraia loquacitate alios 
 offendere ; quod impedite loquentes libentissime garrire so- 
 leant; vel quod aliis nimii semper videantur, etiam parcissime 
 loquentes.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 dili<Tentlv souf^ht, and sometimes have been omitted, when I had no authority that invited me to insert 
 them ; not that they are not genuine and regular offsprings of English roots, but because their relation 
 to the primitive being always the same, their signification cannot be mistaken. 
 
 The verbal nouns in ing, such as the keeping of the castle, the leading of the armi/, are always 
 nec^lected, or placed only to illustrate the sense of the verb, except when they signify things as well as 
 actions, and have therefore a plural numlier, as divelling, living ; or have an absolute and abstract 
 signification, as colouring, painting, learning. 
 
 The participles are likewise omitted, unless, by signifying rather habit or quality than action, they 
 take the nature of adjectives ; as a thinking man, a man of prudence ; a pacing horse, a horse that 
 can pace : these I have ventured to call participial adjectives. But neither are these always inserted, 
 because thev are commonly to be understood, without any danger of mistake, by consulting the verb. 
 
 Obsolete words are admitted, when they are found in authors not obsolete, or when they have any 
 force or beauty that may deserve revival. 
 
 As composition is one of the chief characteristicks of a language, I have endeavoured to make some 
 reparation for the universal negligence of my predecessors, by inserting great numbers of compounded 
 words, as may be found under after, Jore, new, night, fair, and many more. These, numerous as 
 they are, might be multiplied, but that use and curiosity are here satisfied, and the frame of our lan- 
 guage and modes of our combination amply discovered. 
 
 Of some forms of composition, such as that by which re is prefixed to note repetition, and un to 
 signify contrariety or privation, all the examples cannot be accumulated, because the use of these par- 
 ticles, if not MhoUy arbitrary, is so little limited, that they are hourly affixed to new words as occasion 
 requires, or is imagined to require them. 
 
 There is another kind of composition more frequent in our language than perhaps in any other, from 
 which arises to foreigners the greatest difliculty. We modify the signification of many words by a par- 
 ticle subjoined ; as to come off, to escape by a fetch ; to fall on, to attack ; io fall ofi, to apostatize ; to 
 break off, to stop abruptly ; to bear out, to justify ; to fall in, to comply ; to give over, to cease ; to 
 set off, to embellish ; to set in, to begin a continual tenour ; to set out, to begm a course or journey ; to 
 take off, to copy ; with innumerable expressions of the same kind, of which some appear widely irre- 
 gular, being so far distant from the sense of the simple words, that no sagacity will be able to trace 
 the steps by which they arrived at the present use. These I have noted with great care; and though I 
 cannot flatter myself that the collection is complete, I believe I have so far assisted the students of our 
 language, that this kind of phraseology will be no longer insuperable ; and the combinations of verbs 
 and particles, by chance omitted, will be easily explained by comparison with those that may be 
 found. 
 
 Many words yet stand supported only by the name of Bailey, Ainsworth, Philips, or the contracted 
 Diet, for Dictionaries subjoined ; of these I am not always certain that they are read in any book but 
 the works of lexicographers. Of such I have omitted many, because I had never read them ; and 
 many I have inserted, because they may perhaps exist, though they have escaped my notice : they are, 
 however, to be yet considered as resting only upon the credit of former dictionaries. Others, which I 
 considered as useful, or know to be proper, though I could not at present support them by authorities, 
 I have suffered to stand upon my own attestation, claiming the same privilege Avith my predecessors, of 
 being sometimes credited without proof. 
 
 The words, thus selected and disposed, are grammatically considered; they are refeired to the 
 different parts of speech ; traced, when they are inegulary inflected, through their various terminations ; 
 and illustrated by observations, not indeed of great or striking importance, separately considered, but 
 necessary to the elucidation of our language,and hitherto neglected or forgotten by English grammarians. 
 
 That part of my Mork on which I expect malignity most frequently to fasten, is the Explanation ; 
 m which I cannot hope to satisfy those, who are perhaps not inclined to be pleased, since I have not 
 always been able to satisfy myself. To interpret a language by itself is very difficult ; many words 
 cannot be explained by synonimes, because the idea signified by them has not more than one appella- 
 tion; nor by paraphrase, because simple ideas cannot be described. When the nature of things is 
 unknown, or the notion unsettled and indefinite, and various in various minds, the words by \\h\c\i 
 such notions are conveyed, or such things denoted, will be ambiguous and perplexed. And such is 
 
 5
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 the fate of hapless lexicography, that not only darkness, but light, impedes and distresses it; things 
 may l)e not only too little, but too much known, to be happily illustrated. To explain, requires the 
 use of terms less abstruse than that which is to be explained, and such terms cannot always be found ; 
 for as nothing can be proved but the supposing something intuitively known, and evident without proof, 
 so nothing can be defined but by the use of words too |)lain to admit a definition. 
 
 Other words there are, of wliich tlie sense is too subtle and evanescent to be fixed in a paraphrase; 
 such are all those which are by the grammarians termed expletives, and, in dead languages, are suffered 
 to pass for empty sounds, of no other use than to fill a verse, or to modulate a period, but which are 
 easily perceived in living tongues to have power and emphasis, though it be sometimes such as no other 
 form of expression can convey. 
 
 My labour lias likewise been much increased by a class of verbs too frequent in the English language, 
 of which the signification is so loose and general, the use so vague and indeterminate, and the senses 
 detorted so widely from the first idea, that it is hard to trace them through the maze of variation, to 
 catch them on the brink of utter inanity, to circumscribe them by any limitations, or interpret them by 
 any words of distinct and settled meaning ; such are bear, break, come, cast, full, get, give, do, put, set, 
 go, run, make, take, turn, throw. If of these the whole power is not accurately delivered, it must be 
 remembered, that while our language is yet living, and variable by the caprice of every one that speaks 
 it, these words are hourly shifting their relations, and can no raoie be ascertained in a dictionary, than a 
 grove, in the agitation of a storm, can be accurately delineated from its picture in the water. 
 
 The particles are among all nations applied with so great latitude, that they are not easily reducible 
 under any regular scheme of explication : this difficulty is not less, nor perhaps greater, in English, than 
 in other languages. I have laboured them with diligence, I hope with success ; such at least as can be 
 expected in a task, which no man, however learned or sagacious, has yet been able to perform. 
 
 Some H'ords there are which I cannot explain, because I do not understand them ; these might have 
 been omitted very often with little inconvenience, but I W'ould not so far indulge my vanity as to decline 
 this confession : for when Tally owns himself ignorant whether lessus, in the twelve tables, means a 
 funeral song, or mourning garinent ; and Aristotle doubts whether ouffu?, in the Iliad, signifies a mule, 
 or inuleteer, I may surely, without shame, leave some obscurities to happier industry, or future 
 information. 
 
 The rigour of interpretative lexicography requires that the explanation, and the word explained, should 
 be always reciprocal ; this I have always endeavoured, but could not always attain. Words are seldom 
 exactly synonimous ; a new term was not introduced, but because the former was thought inadequate : 
 names, therefore, have often many ideas, but few ideas have many names. It was then necessary to use 
 the proximate word, for the deficiencv of single terms can very seldom be supplied by circumlocution ; 
 nor is the inconvenience great of such mutilated interpretations, because the sense may easily be collected 
 entire from the examples. 
 
 In every word of extensive use, it was requisite to mark the progress of its meaning, and show by wha*^ 
 gradations of intermediate sense it has passed from its primitive to its remote and accidental significa- 
 tion; so that every foregoing explanation should tend to that which follows, and the series be regularly 
 concatenated from the first notion to the last. 
 
 This is specious, but not always practicable ; kindred senses may be so interwoven, that the per- 
 plexity cannot be disentangled, nor any reason be assigned why one should be ranged before the other. 
 When the radical idea branches out into parallel ramifications, how can a consecutive series be formed 
 of senses in their nature collateral ? The shades of meaning sometimes pass imperceptibly into each 
 other; so that though on one side they apparently differ, yet it is impossible to mark the point of con- 
 tact. Ideas of the "same race, though not exactly alike, are sometimes so little different, that no words 
 can express the dissimilitude, though the mind easily perceives it, when they are exhibited together ; 
 and sometimes there is such a confusion of acceptations, that discernment is wearied, and distinction 
 puzzled, and perseverance herself hurries to an end, by crowding together what she cannot separate. 
 
 These complaints of difficulty will, by those that have never considered words beyond their popular 
 
 use, be thought only the jargon of a man willing to magnify his labours, and procure veneration to his 
 
 studies by involution and obscurity. But every art is obscure to those that have not learned it: this 
 
 uncertainty of terms, and commixture of ideas, is well known to those who have joined philosophy with 
 
 6
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 grammar ; and if I have not expressed them very clearly, it must be remembered that I am speaking 
 of that which words are insufficient to explain. 
 
 The original sense of words is often driven out of use by their metapliorical acceptations, yet must 
 be inserted for the sake of a regular origination. Thus I know not whether ardour is used for material 
 heat, or whether flagrant, in English, ever signifies the same with burning ; yet such are the primi- 
 tive ideas of these words, which are therefore set tirst, though without examples, that tlie figurative 
 senses may be commodiously deduced. 
 
 Such is the exuberance of signification which many words have obtained, that it was scarcely possible 
 to collect all their senses ; sometimes the meaning of derivatives must be sought in tlie mother term, 
 and sometimes deficient explanations of the primitives may be supplied in the train of derivation. In 
 anv case of doubt or difficulty, it will be always proper to examine all the words of the same race ; for 
 some words are slightly passed over to avoid repetition, some admitted easier and clearer explanation 
 than others, and all will be better understood, as they are considered in greater variety of structures and 
 relations. 
 
 All the interpretations of words are not written with the same skill, or the same happiness : things 
 equally easy in themselves, are not all equally easy to any single mind. Every writer of a long work 
 connnits errours, where there appears neither ambiguity to mislead, nor obscurity to confound him ; 
 and in a search like this, many felicities of expression will be casually overlooked, many convenient 
 parallels will be forgotten, and many particulars will admit improvement from a mind utterly unequal 
 to the whole performance. 
 
 But many seeming faults are to be imputed rather to the nature of the undertaking, than the negli- 
 gence of the performer. Thus some explanations are unavoidably reciprocal or circular, as hind, the 
 female of the stag ; stag, the male of tlie hind : sometimes easier words are changed into harder, as 
 burial into sepulture or interment, drier into desiccative, dryness into siccity or aridity. Jit into 
 paroxysm ; for the easiest word, whatever it be, can never be translated into one more easy. But 
 easiness and difficulty are merely relative, and if the present prevalence of our language should invite 
 foreigners to this dictionary, many will be assisted by those vvords which now seem only to produce 
 increase or obscurity. For this reason I have endeavoured frequently to join a Teutonick and Roman 
 interpretation, as to cheer, to gladden, or exhilarate, that every learner oi English may be assisted 
 by his own tongue. 
 
 The solution of all difficulties, and the supply of all defects, must be sought in the examples, sub- 
 joined to the various senses of each word, and ranged according to the time of their authors. 
 
 When I first collected these authorities, I was desirous that every quotation should be useful to some 
 other end than the illustration of a word ; I therefore extracted from philosophers principles of science ; 
 from historians remarkable facts ; from chymists complete processes ; from divines striking exhortations; 
 and from poets beautiful descriptions. Such is design, while it is yet at a distance from execution. 
 When the time called upon me to range this accumulation of elegance and wisdom into an alphabetical 
 series, I soon discovered that the bulk of my volumes would fright away the student, and was forced 
 to depart from my scheme of including all that was pleasing or useful in English liteiature, and reduce 
 my transcripts very often to clusters of words, in which scarcely any meaning is retained ; thus to the 
 weariness of copying, I was condemned to add the vexation of expunging. Some passages I have yet 
 spared, which may relieve the labour of verbal searches, and intersperse with verdure and flowers the 
 dusty desarts of barren philology, 
 
 1 he examples, thus mutilated, are no longer to be considered as conveying the sentiments or doctrine 
 of their authors ; the word for the sake of which they are inserted, with all its appendant clauses, has 
 been carefully preserved ; but it may sometimes happen, by hasty detruncation, tlmt the general 
 tendency of the sentence may be changed : the divine may desert his tenets, or the philosopher his 
 system. 
 
 Some of the examples have been taken from writers who were never mentioned as masters of elegance 
 or models of style ; but words must be sought where they are used ; and in what pages, eminent for 
 purity, can terms of manufacture or agriculture be found ? Many quotations serve no other purpose, 
 than that of proving the bare existence of words, and are therefore selected witli less scrupulousness 
 than those which are to teach their structures and relations. 
 
 7
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 My purpose was to admit no testimony of living authors, that I might not be misled by partiality, 
 and that none of my contemporaries might have reason to complain ; nor have I departed from this 
 resolution but when some performance of uncommon excellence excited my veneration, when my 
 memory supplied me, from late books, with an example that was wanting, or when my heart, in the 
 tenderness of friendship, solicited admission for a favourite name. 
 
 So far have I been from any care to grace my pages with modern decorations, that I have studiously 
 endeavoured to collect examples and authorities from the writers before the restoration, whose works I 
 reo-ard as the wells of English nndejiled, as the pure sources of genuine diction. Our language, for 
 almost a century, has, by the concurrence of many causes, been gradually departing from its original 
 Teutonick character, and deviating towards a Gallick structure and phraseology , from which it ought 
 to be our endeavour to recal it, by making our ancient volumes the ground-work of style, admitting 
 amono- the additions of later times, only such as may supply real deficiencies, such as are readily 
 adopted by the genius of our tongue, and incorporate easily with our native idioms. 
 
 But as every Ian i^uagc has a time of rudeness antecedent to perfection, as well as of false refinement 
 and declension, I have been cautious lest my zeal for antiquity might drive me into times too remote, 
 and crowd my book with words now no longer understood. 1 have fixed Sidney s work for the bound- 
 ary beyond which I make few excursions. From the authors which rose in the time of Elizabeth, a 
 speech might be formed adequate to all the purposes of use and elegance. If the language of theology 
 were extracted from Hooker and the translation of the Bible; the terms of natural knowledge from 
 Bacon ; the phrases of policy, war, and navigation from Raleigh ; the dialect of poetry and fiction 
 from Spenser and Sidney ; and the diction of common life from Shakespeare, few ideas would be lost 
 to mankind, for want of English words, in which they might be expressed. 
 
 It is not sufficient that a word is found, unless it be so combined as that its meaning is apparently 
 determined by the tract and tenour of the sentence ; such passages I have therefore chosen, and when 
 it happened that any author gave a definition of a term, or such an explanation as is equivalent to a 
 definition, I have placed his authority as a supplement to my own, without regard to the chronological 
 order, that is otherwise observed. . , 
 
 Some words, indeed, stand unsupported by any authority, but they are commonly derivative nouns, 
 or adverbs, formed from their primitives by regular and constant analogy, or names of things seldom 
 occurrino- in books, or words of which I have reason to doubt the existence. 
 
 There^is more dant^er of censure from the multiplicity than paucity of example ; authorities will 
 sometimes seem to have been accumulated without necessity or use, and perhaps some will be found, 
 which mi«ht, without loss, have been omitted. But a work of this kind is not hastily to be charged 
 with superfluities : those quotations, which to careless or unskilful perusers appear only to repeat the 
 same sense, will often exhibit, to a more accurate examiner, diversities of signification, or, at least, 
 afibrd difte'rent shades of the same meaning : one will shew the word applied to persons, another to 
 thincTs ; one will express an ill, another a good, and a third a neutral sense ; one will prove the 
 expr'ession o-enuine from an ancient author ; another will shew it elegant from a modern : a doubtful 
 authority is'^corroborated by another of more credit; an ambiguous sentence is ascertained by a passage 
 clear and determinate ; the word, how often soever repeated, appears with new associates and in 
 different combinations, and every quotation contributes something to the stability or enlargement of 
 
 the language. . . , , , . u • i t 
 
 When words are used equivocally, I receive them m either sense ; when they are metaphorical, 1 
 
 adopt them in their primitive acceptation. , r • * 
 
 I have sometimes, though rarely, yielded to the temptation of exhibiting a genealogy ot sentiments, 
 by shewin<T how one author copied the thoughts and diction of another : such quotations are indeed 
 little more than repetitions, which might justly be censured, did they not gratify the mind, by aflTordmg 
 a kind of intellectual history. 
 
 The various syntactical structures occurring in the examples have been carefully noted ; the licence 
 or negli<^ence with which many words have been hitherto used, has made our style capricious and inde- 
 terminate; when the different combinations of the same word are exhibited together, the preference is 
 readily given to propriety, and I have often endeavoured to direct the choice. 
 
 Thus have I laboured by settling the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structure^ 
 
 a
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 and ascertainincf the signification of English words, to perform all the parts of a faithful lexicographer : 
 but I have not always executed my own scheme, or satisfied my own expectations. The work, wliat- 
 ever proofs of diligence and attention it may exhibit, is yet capable of many improvements : the 
 orthography which I recommend is still controvertible, the etymology which I adopt is uncertain, and 
 perhaps frequently erroneous ; the explanations are sometimes too much contracted, and sometimes too 
 much diffused, the significations are distinguished rather with subtil ty than skill, and the attention is 
 harassed Avith unnecessary minuteness. 
 
 The examples are too often injudicially truncated, and perhaps sometimes, I hope very rarely, alleged 
 in a mistaken sense ; for in making this collection I trusted more to memory, tlian, in a state of disquiet 
 and embarrassment, memory can contain, and purposed to supply at the review what was left incom- 
 plete in the first transcription. 
 
 Many terms appropriated to particular occupations, though necessary and significant, are undoubtedly 
 omitted ; and of the words most studiously considered and exemplified, many senses have escaped 
 observation. 
 
 Yet these failures, however frequent, may admit extenuation and apology. To have attempted much 
 is always laudable, even when the enterprize is above the strength that undertakes it : To rest below his 
 own aim is incident to every one whose fancy is active, and whose views are comprehensive ; nor is any 
 man satisfied with himself because he has done much, but because he can conceive little. When first I 
 engaged in this work, I resolved to leave neither words nor things unexamined, and pleased myself with 
 a prospect of the hours which I should revel away in feasts of literature, the obscure recesses of northern 
 learning which I should enter and ransack, the treasures with which I expected every search into lliose 
 neglected mines to reward my labour, and the triumph with which I should display my acquisitions to 
 mankind. When I had thus enquired into the original of words, I resolved to shew likewise mv atten- 
 tion to things ; to pierce deep into every science, to enquire the nature of every substance of which I 
 inserted the name, to limit every idea by a definition strictly logical, and exhibit every production of art 
 or nature in an accurate description, that my book might be in place of all other dictionaries whether 
 appellative or technical. But these were the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer. 
 I soon found that it is too late to look for instruments, when the work calls for execution, and that 
 whatever abilities I had brought to my task, with those I must finally perform it. To deliberate when- 
 ever I doubted, to enquire whenever I was ignorant, would have protracted the undertaking without 
 end, and, perhaps, without much improvement ; for I did not find by my first experiments, that what 
 I had not of my own was easily to be obtained : I saw that one en({uiry only gave occasion to another, 
 that book referred to book, that to search was not always to find, and to find was not always to be 
 informed; and that thus to pursue perfection, was, like the first inhabitants of Arcadia, to chase the 
 sun, which, when they had reached the hill where he seemed to rest, was still beheld at the same dis- 
 tance from them. 
 
 I then contracted my design, determining to confide in myself, and no longer to solicit auxiliaries, 
 which produced more incumbrance than assistance : by this I obtained at least one advantage, that I 
 set limits to my work, which would in time be ended, though not completed. 
 
 Despondency has never so far prevailed as to depress me to negligence ; some faults will at last 
 appear to be the effects of anxious diligence and preserving activity. The nice and subtle ramifications 
 of meaning were not easily avoided by a mind intent upon accuracy, and convinced of the necessity of 
 disentangling combinations, and separating similitudes. Many of the distinctions, which to common 
 readers appear useless and idle, will be found real and important by men versed in the school philosophy, 
 without which no dictionary can ever be accurately compiled, or skilfully examined. 
 
 Some senses however there are, which, though not the same, are yet so nearly allied, that they are 
 often confounded. Most men think indistinctly, and therefore cannot speak with exactness ; and con- 
 sequently some examples might be indifferently put to either signification : this uncertainty is not to be 
 imputed to me, who do not form, but register the language ; who do not teach men how they should 
 think, but relate how they have hitherto expressed their thoughts. 
 
 The imperfect sense of some examples I lamented, but could not remedy, and hope they will be com- 
 pensated by innumerable passages selected with propriety, and preserved with exactness ; some shining 
 with sparks of imagination, and some replete with treasures of wisdom. 
 
 c 9
 
 P R £ F A C E. 
 
 The orthography and etymology, though imperfect, are not imperfect for want of care, but because 
 care will not always be successful, and recollection or information come too late for use. 
 
 That many terms of art and manufacture are omitted, must be frankly acknowledged ; but for this 
 defect I may boldly allege that it was unavoidable : I could not visit caverns to learn the miner's lan- 
 guage, nor take a voyage to perfect my skill in the dialect of navigation, nor visit the warehouses of 
 merchants, and shops of artificers, to gain the names of wares, tools and operations, of vvhich no mention 
 is found in books ; what favourable accident, or easy enquiry brought within my reach, has not been 
 neglected ; but it had been a hopeless labour to glean up words, by courting living information, and 
 contesting with the sullenness of one, and the roughness of another. 
 
 To furnish the academicians della Crusca with words of this kind, a series of comedies called la Fiera, 
 or the Fair, was professedly written by Buonaroti ; but I had no such assistant, and therefore was con 
 tent to want what they must have wanted likewise, had they not luckily been so supplied. 
 
 Nor are all words which are not found in the vocabulary, to be lamented as omissions.Of the la- 
 borious and mercantile part of the people, the diction is in a great measure casual and mutable ; many 
 of their terms are formed for some temporary or local convenience, and though current at certain times 
 and places, are in others utterly unknown. This fugitive cant, Mhich is always in a state of increase or 
 decay, cannot be regarded as any part of the durable materials of a language, and therefore must be suf- 
 fered to perish with other things unworthy of preservation. 
 
 Care will sometimes betray to the appearance of negligence. He that is catching opportunities 
 which seldom occur, will suffer those to pass by unregarded, which he expects hourly to return ; he that 
 is searching for rare and remote thin"s, will neglect those that are obvious and familiar: thus manv of 
 the most common and cursory words have been inserted with little illustration, because in gathering the 
 authorities, I forbore to copy those which I thought likely to occur whenever they were wanted. It is 
 remarkable that, in reviewing my collection, I found the word Sea unexemplified. 
 
 Thus it happens, that in things difficult there is danger from ignorance, and in things easy from confi- 
 dence; the mind, afraid of greatness, and disdainful of littleness, hastily withdraws herself liom painful 
 searches, and passes with scornful rapidity over tasks not adequate to her powers, sometimes too secure 
 for caution, and again too anxious for vigorous effort ; sometimes idle in a plain path, and sometimes 
 distracted in labyrinths, and dissipated by different intentions. 
 
 A large work is difficult because it is large, even though all its parts might singly be performed with 
 facility ; where there are many things to be done, each must be allowed its share of time and labour, in 
 the proportion only which it bears to the whole ; nor can it be expected, that the stones which form the 
 dome of a temple, should be squared and polished like the diamond of a ring. 
 
 Of the event of this work, for which, having laboured it with so much application, 1 cannot but 
 have some degree of parental fondness, it is natural to form conjectures. Those who have been per- 
 suaded to think well of my design, will require that it should fix our language, and put a stop to those 
 alterations which time and chance have hitherto been suffered to make in it without opposition. With 
 this consequence I will confess that I flattered myself for a while ; but now begin to fear that I have 
 indulged expectation which neither reason nor experience can justify. When we see men grow old and 
 die at a certain time one after another, from century to century, we laugh at the elixir that promises 
 to prolong life to a thousand years ; and with equal justice may the lexicogi'apher be derided, who being 
 able to produce no example of a nation that has preserved their words and phrases from mutability, 
 shall imagine that his dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from corruption and decay, 
 that it is in his power to change sublunary nature, and clear the world at once from folly, vanity and 
 affectation. 
 
 With this hope, however, academies have been instituted, to guard the avenues of their languages, 
 to retain fugitives, and repulse intruders ; but their vigilance and activity have hitherto been vain ; 
 sounds are too volatile and subtile for legal restraints ; to enchain syllables, and to lash the wind, are 
 equally the undertakings of pride, unwilling to measure its desires by its strength. The French lan- 
 guage has visibly changed under the inspection of the academy ; the style of Amelofs translation of 
 father Paul is observed by Le Courayer to be un peu passe ; and no Italian will maintain, that the 
 diction of any modern writer is not perceptibly different from that of Boccace, Machiavel, or Caro. 
 
 Total and sudden transformations of a language seldom happen ; conquests and migrations are now
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 very rare : but there are other causes of change, which, though slow in their operation, and invisible 
 in their progress, are perhaps as much superiour to human resistance, as the revolutions of the sky, or 
 intumescence of the tide. Commerce, however necessary, however lucrative, as it depraves tlie man- 
 ners, corrupts the language ; they that have frequent intercourse with strangers, to whom they endeavour 
 to accommodate themselves, must in time learn a mingled dialect, like the jargon which serves the 
 traffickers on the Mediterranean and Tiidian coasts. This will not always be confined to the exchange, 
 the warehouse, or the port, but will be communicated by degrees to other ranks of the people, and be 
 at last incorporated with the current speech. 
 
 There are likewise internal causes equally forcible. The language most likely to continue long 
 without alteration, would be that of a nation raised a little, and but a litde, above barbarity, secluded 
 from strangers, and totally employed in procuring the conveniencies of life ; either without books, or, 
 like some of the Mahometan countries, with very few : men thus busied and unlearned, having only 
 such words as common use requires, would perhaps long continue to exjiress the same notions by the 
 same signs. But no such constancy can be expected in a people polished by arts, and classed by sub- 
 ordination, where one part of the community is sustained and accommodated by the labour of the other. 
 Those who have much leisure to think, will always be enlarging the stock of ideas ; and every increase 
 of knowledge, whether real or fancied, will produce new words, or conjbinations of words. When the 
 mind is unchained from necessity, it will range after convenience ; when it is left at large in the fields of 
 speculation, it will shift opinions ; as any custom is disused, the words that expressed it must perish 
 with it ; as any opinion grows popular, it will innovate speech in the same proportion as it alters 
 practice. 
 
 As by the cultivation of various sciences a language is amplified, it will be more furnished with words 
 deflected from their original sense ; the geometrician will talk of a courtier's zenith, or the eccentrick 
 virtue of a wild hero, and the physician of sanguine expectations and phlegmatick delays. Copious- 
 ness of speech will give opportunities to capricious choice, by which some words will be preferred, and 
 others degraded ; vicissitudes of fashion will enforce the use of new, or extend the signification of known 
 terms. The tropes of poetry will make hourly encroachments, and the metaphorical will become the 
 current sense : pronunciation will be varied by levity or ignorance, and the pen must at length comply 
 with the tongue ; illiterate writers will, at one time or other, by publick infatuation, rise into renown, 
 who, not knowing the original import of words, will use them with colloquial licentiousness, confound 
 distinction, and forget propriety. As politeness increases, some expressions will be considered as too 
 gross and vulgar for the delicate, others as too formal and ceremonious for the gay and airy ; new 
 phrases are therefore adopted, which must, for the same reasons, be in time dismissed. Swift, in his 
 petty treatise on the English language, allows that new words must sometimes be introduced, but pro- 
 poses that none should be suffered to become obsolete. But what makes a word olisolete, more than 
 general agreement to forbear it? and how shall it be continued, when it conveys an offensive idea, or 
 recalled again into the mouths of mankind, when it has once become unfamiliar by disuse, and unpleas- 
 ing by unfamiliarity ? 
 
 There is another cause of alteration more prevalent than any other, which yet in the present state 
 of the world cannot be obviated. A mixture of two languages will produce a third distinct from both, 
 and they will always be mixed, where the chief part of education, and the most conspicuous accomplish- 
 nient, is skill in ancient or in foreign tongues. He that has long cultivated another language, will find 
 Its words and combinations crowd upon his memory ; and haste and negligence, refinement and afi'ecta 
 tion, will obtrude borrowed terms and exotick expressions. 
 
 The great pest of speech is frequency of translation. No book was ever turned from one language 
 into another, without imparting something of its native idiom ; this is the most mi3chie\ous and com- 
 prehensive innovation ; single words may enter by thousands, and the fabrick of the tongue contmue the 
 same ; but new phraseology changes much at once ; it alters not the single stones of the building, but 
 tlie ordew: of the columns. If an academy should be established for the cultivation of our style, which I, 
 who can never wish to see dependence multiplied, hope the spirit of English liberty will hinder or 
 destroy, let them, instead of compiling grammars and dictionaries, endeavour, with all their influence, to 
 stop the licence of translators, whose idleness and ignorance, if it be suflfered to proceed, will reduce us to 
 babble a dialect of France. 
 
 II
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 If the changes that we fear be thus irresistible, what remains but to acquiesce with silence, a3 in 
 the other insurmountable distresses of humanity ? It remains that we retard what we cannot repel, that 
 we palliate what we cannot cure. Life may be lengthened by care, though death cannot be ultimately 
 defeated : tongues, like governments, have a natural tendency to degeneration ; we have long preserved 
 our constitution, let us make some struggles for our language. 
 
 In hope of giving longevity to that which its own nature forbids to be imr.. ">rtal, I have devoted this 
 book, tlie labour of years, to the honour of my country, that we may no k. ^er yield the palm of 
 philology, without a contest, to the nations of the continent. The chief glory of every people arises 
 from its authors : whether I shall add any thing by my own writings to the reputation of English 
 literature, must be left to time : much of my life has been lost under the pressures of disease; much has 
 been trifled away ; and much has always been spent in provision for the day that was passing over me ; 
 but I shall not think my employment useless or ignoble, if by my assistance foreign nations, and distant 
 ages, gain access to the propagators of knowledge, and understand the teachers of truth ; if my labours 
 afford light to the repositories of science, and add celebrity to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milton, and 
 to Boyle. 
 
 When I am animated by this wish, I look with pleasure on my book, however defective, and deliver 
 it to the world with the spirit of a man that has endeavoured well. That it will immediately become 
 popular I have not promised to myself: a few wild blunders, and risible absurdities, from which no 
 work of such multiplicity was ever free, may for a time furnish folly with laughter, and harden ignorance 
 in contempt ; but useful diligence will at last prevail, and there never can be wanting some who distin- 
 guish desert ; who will consider that no dictionary of a living tongue ever can be perfect, since v.hile it 
 is hastening to publication, some words are budding, and some falling away ; that a whole life cannot 
 be spent upon syntax and etymology, and that even a whole life would not be sufficient ; that he, whose 
 design includes whatever language can express, must often speak of what he does not understand ; that 
 a writer will sometimes be hurried by eagerness to the end, and sometimes faint with weariness under a 
 task, which Scaliger compares to the labours of the anvil and the mine ; that what is obvious is not 
 always known, and what is known is not always present ; that sudden fits of inadvertency will surprize 
 vigilance, slight avocations will seduce attention, and casual eclipses of the mind will darken learning ; 
 and that the writer shall often in vain trace his memory at the moment of need, for that which yesterday 
 he knew with intuitive readiness, and which will come uncalled into his thoughts to-morrow. 
 
 In this work, when it shall be found that much is omitted, let it not be forgotten that much likewise 
 is performed ; and though no book Avas ever spared out of tenderness to the author, and the world is 
 little solicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it condemns; yet it may gratify 
 curiosity to inform it, that the English Dictionary was written with little assistance of the learned, 
 and without any patronage of the great ; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter 
 of academick bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow. It may 
 repress the triumph of malignant criticism to observe, that if our language is not here fully displayed, 
 I have only failed in an attempt which no human powers have hitherto completed. If the lexicons of 
 ancient tongues, now immutably fixed, and comprized in a few volumes, be yet, after the toil of suc- 
 cessive ages, inadequate and delusive ; if the aggregated knowledge, and co-operating diligence of the 
 Italian academicians, did not secure them from the censure of Beni; if the embodied criticks of France, 
 when fifty years had been spent upon their work, were obliged to change its oeconomy, and give their 
 second edition another form, I may surely be contented without the praise of perfection, which, if I 
 could obtain, in this gloom of solitude, what would it avail me? I have protracted my work till most 
 of those whom I wished to please have sunk into the grave, and success and miscarriage are empty 
 sounds : I therefore dismiss it with frigid tranquillity, having little to fear or hope from censure or from 
 
 praise. 
 
 IS
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 »i»i«i®9i«i«i< 
 
 T^HOUGH the Brita'ms or Welsh ivere the first 
 possessors of this island, whose names are 
 recorded, and are therefore in civil history always 
 considered as the predecessors of the present inha- 
 bitants; yet the deduction of the English language, 
 from the earliest times of w^hich we have any 
 knowledge to its present state, requires no mention 
 of them : for we have so few words which can, with 
 any probability, be referred to British roots, that 
 M'e justly regard the Saxons and Welsh as nations 
 totally distinct. It has been conjectured, that 
 when the Saxons seized this country, they suffered 
 the Britains to live among them in a state of 
 vassalage, employed in the culture of the ground, 
 and other laborious and ignoble services. But it is 
 scarcely possible, that a nation, however depressed, 
 should have been mixed with another in consider- 
 able numbers without some communication of their 
 tongue, and therefore, it may, with great reason, be 
 imagined, that those, who were not sheltered in the 
 mountains, perished by the sword. 
 
 The whole fabrick and scheme of the English 
 language is Gothick or Teutonick : it is a dialect of 
 that tongue, which prevails over all the northern 
 countries of Europe, except those where the Scla- 
 vonian is spoken. Of these languages Dr. Hickes 
 has thus exhibited the genealogy. 
 
 GOTHICK. 
 
 I I i 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON, FRANCICK, CIMBRICK, 
 
 Dutch, 
 Frisick, 
 
 German. 
 
 English. 
 
 Islandick, 
 Norwegian, 
 Swedish, 
 Danish. 
 Of the Gothick, the only monument remainintr is 
 a copy of the gospels somewhat mutilated, whfch, 
 fron; tne silver with which the characters are 
 adorned, is called the silver book. It is now pre- 
 served at Upsal, and having been twice published 
 before, has been lately reprinted at Oxjord, under 
 
 the inspection of Mr. Lye, the editor of Junius. 
 Whether the diction of this venerable manuscript 
 be purely Gothick, has been doubted ; it seems 
 however to exhibit the most ancient dialect now to 
 be found of the Teutonick race ; and the Saxon, 
 ^vhich is the origin of the present English, was either 
 derived from it, or both have descended from some 
 common parent. 
 
 What was the form of the Saxon language, when, 
 about the year 450, they first entered Biiiain, 
 cannot now be known. They seem to have been 
 a people without learning, and very probably with- 
 out an alphabet; their speech, therefore, havinir 
 been always cursory and extemporaneous, must 
 have been artless and unconnected, without any 
 modes of transition or involution of clauses; which 
 abruptness and inconnection may be observed even 
 in their later writings. This barbarity may be 
 supposed to have continued during their wars 
 with the Britains, which for a time left them no 
 leisure for softer studies ; nor is there any reason for 
 supposing it abated, till the year 570, Mhen Augus- 
 tinec&me from Ro77ie to convert them to Christianity. 
 The Christian religion always implies or produces a 
 certain degree of civility and learning ; they then 
 became by degrees acquainted with the Roman lan- 
 guage, and so gained, from time to time, some 
 knowledge and elegance, till in three centuries they 
 had formed a language capable of expressing all the 
 sentiments of a civilised people, as appears by king 
 Alfred's paraphrase or imitation of Boethius, and his 
 short preface, w-hich I have selected as the first spe- 
 cimen of ancient English. 
 
 CAP. I. 
 
 QN Sasjae nbe \& Coran op SiBSiu maejjje pi}? 
 Romana jiice jepin upahopon. i mif> heona 
 cyninjum. Rsbjora anb Sallejiica pasjaon harne. 
 Romane bujaij abj^a-con. anb eall Iralia pice -p 
 ly berpux |7am munrum ■] 8icilia Sam ealonbe lu 
 anpalb jejaehron. -\ J^a Je^reji J^am jrojiej-pjie- 
 cenan cynmjum Deobpic penj ro jpam ilcan jiice.
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 j"e Deobjiic pa?p Amulmja. he ysey Ejiij-ren 
 l^eah he on pam Ajijiianij^can jebpolan ^ujihpu- 
 nobe. pe jeher Romanum hij- ppeondj^cipe. 
 j"pa -p hi mopran heopa ealbjiihra pypiSe beon 
 Ac he jja jehar pp Se ypele jelnepre. •] ppiSe 
 ffiape ^eenbobe mib manejuni mane, "p peep ro 
 eacan o]?pium unapiiinebum ypluni -p he lohannep 
 |7one papan her opplean. Da piep pum conpul. -p 
 pe hejieroha haraj?. Boeriup paep haren. pe pasp 
 in boccjiaeprum ■] on popiulb J^eapum pe piihrpi 
 pepra. 8e Sa onjear fa manijpealban ypel ps; 
 pe cyning Deobpic yip jjam Epiiprenanbome "] 
 pi|7 |?am Romanipcum pirum bybe. he pa jemunbe 
 Sapia e)jneppa ~] pajia. ealbpiihra Se hi unbeji Sam 
 Eapepum hajpbon heopia ealbhlapopibum. Da 
 on^an he pmeagan •] leojinijan on him pelpum 
 hu he -p fiice Sam unpihrfdpan cyninge ajrepipian 
 niihre. ■] on piyhr geleappiilpa anb on piihrpippia 
 anpalb jebjiinjan. 8enbe pa bijellice a^pienbje- 
 ppiiru ro l^am Eapejie ro Eonpranrmopohm. 
 Jjaeji ip Epeca heah bupj •] heopa cyneprol. popi 
 Jjam pe Eapepe pa?p heopia ealbhlapopb cynnep. 
 bsebon bine peev he him ro heopia Epiprenbome 
 •J ro heopa ealbpihrum jepulrumebe. Da 'f 
 onjear pe pjelhpieopa cynmj Deobpic. Sa her 
 he hine jebpuijan on capicepne ■] )?a?pi inne belu- 
 can. Da hir Sa jelomp -p pe appypSa paep on ppa 
 imcelpe neapaneppe becom. pa prep he ppa micle 
 ppiSop on hip COobe jebpepeb. ppa hip COob jpp 
 ppiSop ro |7am populb pae fium unjepob y?ey. ~] 
 he Sa nanpe ppoppe be innan j^am capcepne ne 
 jemunbe. ac he jepeoU nipol op bune on fia plop. 
 •] hine aprpehre ppifie unpor. anb opmob hine 
 pelpne onjan pepan -\ |jup pm^enbe cy?ep. 
 
 CAP. II. 
 
 DA hoS f>e ic ppecca jeo luprba'phce pon^. ic 
 pceal nu heopienbe pmjan. ~\ mib ppi unjepabum 
 popbum jeperran. f>eah ic jeo hpilum jecophce 
 punbe. ac ic nu pepenbe ■] Jipcienbe op jepabpa 
 popba mippo. me ablenban |?ap unjerpeopan 
 populb pjelj^a. ■] me j^a popleran ppa blinbne on 
 hip bimme hoi. Da bepeapobon aelcepe lupr- 
 bifpneppe pa Sa ic him feppe berpr rpupobe. 
 Sa penbon hi me heopa bffic ro anb me mib ealle 
 jcponijepiran. To phon pceolban la mine ppienb 
 
 pe^jan }3a3r ic jepalij mon paepe. hu msej pe 
 beon jepaghj pe Se on Sam jepsllJum buphpu- 
 man ne mor. 
 
 CAP. in. 
 
 DA ic fia Sip leojj. cpasS Boeriup. jeompienbe 
 apunjen ha?pbe. Sa com Sa;p jan in ro me 
 heopencunb pipbom. •] f min mupnenbe OQob 
 mib hip popbum jejperre. •] puy cyvep. ^u ne 
 eapr |5u pe mon ]je on minpe pcole peepe apeb 
 ■] jelfppeb. "Kc hponon pupbe )7u mib J?ippum 
 populb popjum puy yyiptt jeppenceb. buron ic 
 par -p Jju hosppr Sapa paepna ro hpaj^e popjiren 
 Se ic pe tep pealbe. Da clipobe pe pipbom ■] 
 cyeep. Depirajp nu apipjebe populb popja op 
 minep f)ejenep COobe. pop|7am je pinb pa maepran 
 pceajjan. La^ra]; hine epr hpeoppan ro minum 
 lapum. Da eobe pe pipbom neap, cytep Boeriup. 
 minuni hpeoppienban jej^ohre. ~\ hir ppa mopolil 
 lipaer hpeja upapa?be. abpi^be ]7a minenep 
 COobep eajan. anb hir ppan blij^um popbum. 
 lipa'jjep hir oncneope hip poprepmobop. mib 
 Sam pc Sa f COob yip bepenbe. Sa jecneop hir 
 ppijpe ppeorele hip ajne mobop. -p paep pe pip- 
 bom pe hir lanje *p rybe ■] laepbe. ac hir 
 onjear hip lape ppij^e roropenne •] ppij^e rob- 
 pocenne mib bypijpa honbum. -} hiiie |ja ppan 
 hu -p jepupbe. Da anbppypbe pe pipbom him 
 ■] peebe. -f hip jinjpan hspbon hine ppa roro- 
 penne. paiji J7eep hi reohhobon p hi hine eallne 
 habban pceolbon. ac hi je^abepiaS monipealb 
 bypij on j^aepe poprpupunja. -] on Jjam jilpe 
 buran heopa hpelc epr ro hype bore jecippe : 
 
 This may perhaps be considered as a specimen 
 of the Saxon in its highest state of purity, for here 
 are scarcely any words borrowed from the Roman 
 dialects. 
 
 Of the following version of the gospels the age is 
 not certainly known, but it was probably written 
 between the time oi Alfred and that of the Nor- 
 man conquest, and therefore may properly be 
 inserted here. 
 
 Translations seldom afford just specimens of a 
 language, and least of all those in which a scrupu- 
 lous and verbal interpretation is endeavoured, be- 
 cause they retain the phraseology and structure of 
 the original tongue ; yet they have often this con\e- 
 
 2
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 nience, that the same book, being translated in 
 different ages, affords opportunity of marking the 
 gradations of change, and bringing one age into 
 comparison with another. For this purpose I have 
 
 placed the Saxon version and that of Wkkitffe, 
 written about the year 1380, in opposite columns, 
 because tlie convenience of easy collation seems 
 greater than that of regular chronology. 
 
 L U C iE, Cap. I. 
 
 P'ORDSCO jje pirobhce maneja |)oht:on Jjajia 
 ]7in5a pace je-enbebypban ]>& on uj- jepyllebe 
 
 fynr. 
 
 2. Spa uf bertehrun )7a Se hir op pjiymSe 
 jeppon. anb j^aejie ppjiaece Jjenaj- pajpon. 
 
 3. OOe jejjuhre [op-pyhgbe ppioni ppuma] 
 jeopnhce eallum. [nub] enbebypbneppe ppiran 
 Se. f u Se pelupra Theophilup. 
 
 4. Da?r f uoncnape {^ajiapopiba }-oSpa?prneppe. 
 op ]?am Se j^u jelsepeb eapr : • 
 
 5. On ^epobep bajum lubea cynincjep paep 
 j"um pacepb on naman Zachajiiap. op Sbian rune. 
 ■] hip pip peep op Sajionep bohrjium. anb hyjie 
 nama pgep Glizaberh : • 
 
 6. SoShce hiji paejion buru jiihrpipe bepojian 
 Lobe, janjenbe on eallum hip bebobum •] 
 jtihrpipneppum buran ppohre : • 
 
 7. !Snb hij naepbon nan beajin. pojif»am be 
 ehzaberh paep unbejienbe. •] hy on hypa bajum 
 buru popS-eobun : • 
 
 8. SoSlice psep jepopben fa Zachapiap hyp 
 pacepbhabep bpeac on hip jeppixlep enbebypb- 
 neppe bepopan Erobe. 
 
 9. iEprep jepunan f>8ep pacepbhabep hlorep. 
 he eobe f he hip opppunje perre. Sa he on 
 Eiobep rempel eobe. 
 
 10. Gall pepob|78ep polceppaepure jebibbenbe 
 on jjaepe opppunje riman : • 
 
 11. Daserypbehim Dpihrnepenjel rranb^enbe 
 on J^aep peopobep ppiSpan healpe. 
 
 12. Da peapb Zachapiapjebpepebf jepeonhe. 
 ■] him eje onhpeap : • 
 
 13. Da cpaeS pe enjel him ro. Ne onbpaeb 
 Jju §e Zachapiap. popf>am j^in ben ip jehypeb. 
 ■] J'ln pip eiizaberh f e punu cenb. anb ]>u nempr 
 hyp naman lohannep. 
 
 14. 1 he byS |?e co jepean -3 ro blippe. •] 
 maneja on hyp acennebneppe jepajniaS: • 
 
 L U K, Chap. L 
 
 1"N the dayes of Eroude kyng of Judee ther was a 
 prest Zacarye by name : of the sort of Abia, and 
 his wyfe Avas of the doughtris of Aaron : and hir 
 name was Elizabeth. 
 
 2. An bothe weren juste bifore God : goynge in 
 alle the maundementis and justifyingis of the Lord 
 withouten playnt. 
 
 3. And thei hadden no child, for Elizabeth was 
 bareyn and bothe weren of greet age in her dayes. 
 
 4. And it befel that whanne Zacarye schould do 
 the office of presthod in the ordir of his course to 
 fore God. 
 
 5. Aftir the custom of the presthod, he went 
 forth by lot and entride into the temple to en- 
 censen. 
 
 6. And at the multitude of the puple was with- 
 out forth and preyede in the our of encensying. 
 
 7. And an aungel of the Lord apperide to him : 
 and stood on the right half of the auter of encense. 
 
 8. And Zacarye seynge was afirayed : and drede 
 fel upon him. 
 
 9. And the aungle sayde to him, Zacarye drede 
 thou not : for thy preier is herd, and Elizabeth thi 
 wif schal here to thee a sone : and his name schal 
 be clepid Jon. 
 
 10. And joye and gladyng schal be to thee : and 
 manye schulen have joye in his natyvyte.
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 16. SoSlice he byS mffijae bepojian Dpihrne. 
 anb he ne bjiincS pin ne beop. •] he biS jepylleb 
 on hah^um Laj-re. ]:onne ^yr op hij- moboji 
 
 innoSe. 
 
 16. Snb maneja Ij-pahela beajina he jecypS 
 ro Djiihrne hypia Eiobe. 
 
 17. 5nb he ^aeS ropojxan him on jaj-re •] 
 ehaj" mihre. f he pasbepa heojiran ro hypa 
 beapnum ^ecyjipe. -] unjeleappuUe ro jiihrpif jaa 
 jleapj-cype. Dfiihrne pulpjiemeb pole jeje- 
 ajxpian. 
 
 18. DacpEeSZachajiiaprofiamenjele. ;^panun 
 par ic piy. ic eom nu eald. anb mm pip on hyjie 
 bajum popSeobe : • 
 
 19. Da anbppapobe him pe enjel. Ic eom 
 Ijabpiel. ic p& pranbe bepopan Eiobe. anb ic eom 
 apenb piS f^e pppecan. ~\ pe piy bobian. 
 
 20. "Knb nu fu bipr pupijenbe. -] |?u pppecan 
 ne mihr oS }?one bse^ }?e f'ap f^inj jepupSaS. 
 popfam pu minum popbum ne jelypbepr. fa 
 beoS on hypa riman jepyllebe : • 
 
 21. Snb -p pole pfep Zachapiam je-anbibi- 
 jenbe. anb punbpobon f he on ];am remple losr 
 pasp : • 
 
 22. Da he ur-eobe ne mihre he him ro- 
 pppecan. ■] hij oncneopon -p he on fam remple 
 pume jepihrSe jepeah. ^ he pa-p bicnienbe hym. 
 •] bumb ^uphpunebe : • 
 
 23. Da paep jepopben pa. hip Jjenunja bajap 
 Tepyllebe paepon. he pepbe ro hip hupe : • 
 
 24. 8oSlice asprep bajum Ghzaberh hip pip 
 jeeacnobe. anb heo bebijlube hij pip monj^ap. 
 ■] cpffS. 
 
 25. SoSlice me Dpihren jebybe fiup. on fiam 
 bajum J)e he jepeah minne hopp betrpux mannum 
 apyppan : • 
 
 26. SoSlice on fiam pyxran mon^e paep apenb 
 Dabpiel pe enjel ppam Dpihrne on Halilea 
 ceaprpe. fifepe nama paep Nazapetrh. 
 
 27. To bepebbubpe paemnan anum pepe J?aep 
 nama p?ey lopep. op Dauibep hupe. -] haepe 
 paemnan nama paep OQapia : • 
 
 28. Da cpaeb pe en^el in^anjenbe. ;^al ye^y 
 J?u mib 3ype jepylleb. Dpihren inib pe. Su 
 eapr jeblerpub on pipum : • 
 
 1 1 . For he schal be great before the Lord : and 
 he schal not drinke wyn ne sydyr, and he schal be 
 fulfild with the holy gost yit of his modir wombe. 
 
 12. And he schal converte manye of the children 
 of Israel to her Lord God. 
 
 13. And he schal go bifore in the spiryte and 
 vertu of Helye : and he schal turne the hertis of the 
 fadris to the sonis, and men out of beleeve : to the 
 prudence of just men, to make redy a perfyt puple to 
 the Lord. 
 
 14. And Zacarye seyde to the aungel : wherof 
 schal Y wyte this ? for Y am old : and my wyf 
 hath gon fer in hir dayes. 
 
 15. And the aungel answerde and seyde to him, 
 for Y am Gabriel that stonde nygh bifore God, and 
 Y am sent to thee to speke and to evangelise to thee 
 these thingis, and lo thou schalt be doumbe. 
 
 16. And thou shalt not mowe speke, till into the 
 day in which these thingis schulen be don, for thou 
 hast not beleved to my cordis, whiche schulen be 
 fulfild in her tyme. 
 
 17. And the puple was abidynge Zacary : and 
 thei wondriden that he taryede in the temple. 
 
 18. And he gede out and myghte not speke to 
 hem : and thei knewen that he hadde seyn a 
 visioun in the temple, and he bekenide to hem : and 
 he dwellide stille doumbe. 
 
 19. And it was don whanne the dayes of his 
 office weren fulfiUid : he wente into his hous. 
 
 20. And aftir these dayes Elizabeth his wif 
 consey vede and hidde hir fy ve monethis and seyde. 
 
 2 1 . For so the Lord dide to me in the dayes in 
 whiche he biheld to take awey my reproof among 
 men. 
 
 22. But in the sixte monethe the aungel Gabriel 
 was sent from God : into a cytee of Galilee whos 
 name was Nazareth. 
 
 23. To a maydun weddid to a man: whos name 
 was Joseph of the hous of Dauith, and the name of 
 the maydun was INIarye. 
 
 24. And the aungel entride to hir, and sayde, 
 heil ful of grace the Lord be with thee : blessid be 
 thou among wymmen.
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 29. pa peaj\b heo on hij- fpjiaece jebpepeb. 
 anb ]7ohre hpaer j-eo jjiennj p^jie : • 
 
 ' 30. Da cpasS ye enjel. Ne onbpaeb ]?u Se 
 COajiia. j-oShce }7u jype mib Eiobe jeraerrej-r. 
 
 31. SoShce nu. pa on mnobe je-eacnapr. anb 
 f unu cenj-r. anb hij^ naman ^selenb jenemnej-r. 
 
 32. Se biS maepe. "] prey hehj-ran j-unu je- 
 nemneb. anb him yjVS Djiihren Dob liij" paebeji 
 Dauibej- ferl. 
 
 33. Snb he jiicj^aS ecnej-j'e on la'cobej- huj-e. 
 ■] hij" picej- enbe ne biS : • 
 
 34. Da cpaeS OOajiia ro )?am enjle. hu jepyjaS 
 fi]". poji|7am ic pejie ne oncnape : • 
 
 35. Da anbppapobe hyjae ^-e enjel. 8e halja 
 Ijaj-r on pe becymS. ^ pxy heahj^ran niihr pe 
 opepj-ceabaS. anb pojij^am -p hahje pe op J^e 
 acenneb biS. biS Eobep punu jenemneb. 
 
 36. Snb nu. Ghzaberh J^in mage punu on hyjxe 
 ylbe geacnobe. anb pey monaS ir hyjie pyxra. 
 peo ly unbejienbe jenemneb. 
 
 37. Foji}?am my jbIc pojibe mib Dobe un- 
 mihrehc : • 
 
 38. Da cpaeS COapia. pepi ly Djrihrnep jjinen. 
 jepujiSe me 5Eprep pmam pojibe : • Snb re 
 enjel hype ppiam-jepar : • 
 
 39- SoShce on jjam bajum ajaap OQajiia 'j 
 pejibe on munrlanb mib oppre. on lubeircne 
 ceaprjie. 
 
 40. •] eobc inro Zachajiiap hupe. •] jnerre 
 ehzaberh : • 
 
 41. Da paep jepojiben jja Ghzabetrh jehyjibe 
 COapian jpennje. Sa jepajnube f cilb on 
 hyjie innoSe. anb pa peajxS Ghzaberh hahgum 
 Dapre jepylleb. 
 
 42. ■] heo clypobe myceljie prepne. anb cpsS. 
 Dueajir berpux pipum ^eblerpub. anbjeblerpub 
 ip l^inep innoSep paeprm. 
 
 43. •] hpanun ip me hip. f minep Djxihrnep 
 nioboji ro me cume : • 
 
 44. Sona ppa f-injie jjxerinje prepn on minum 
 eoj^um jepojiben pasp. pa pahnube [in jlEebnipe] 
 niin cilb on minum innojje. 
 
 25. And whanne sche hadde herd: sche was 
 troublid in his word, and thoughte what manner 
 salutacioun this was. 
 
 26. And the aungel scid to hir, ne drede not thou 
 Marye: for thou hast founden grace anentis God. 
 
 27. Lo tliou schalt conseyve in wombe, and 
 schalt here a sone : and thou schalt clepe his name 
 Jhesus. 
 
 2S. This shall be gret: and he schal be clepid the 
 sone of higheste, and the Lord God schal geve to 
 him the seete of Dauith his fidir. 
 
 29. And he schal regne in the hous of Jacob 
 withouten ende, and of his rewme schal be noon 
 ende. 
 
 30. And Marye seyde to the aungel, on what 
 maner schal this thing be don? for Y Jsnowe not 
 man. 
 
 3 1 . And the aungel answerde and seyde to hir, 
 the holy Gost schal come fro above into thee : and 
 the vertu of the higheste schal ouer schadowe thee : 
 and therfore that holy thing that schal be borun of 
 thee : schal be clepide the sone of God. 
 
 32. And to Elizabeth thi cosyn, and sche also 
 hath consey ved a sone in hir eelde, and this monethe 
 is the sixte to hir that is clepid bareyn. 
 
 33. For every word schal not be impossvble 
 anentis God. 
 
 34. And Marye seide to the bond maydun of the 
 Lord : be it doon to me aftir thi word ; and the 
 aungel de[)artide fro hir. 
 
 35. And ]\Iarye roos up in tho dayes and wente 
 with haste into the niountaynes into a citee of 
 Judee. 
 
 36. And sche entride into the hous of Zacarye 
 and grette Elizabeth. 
 
 37. And it was don as Elizabeth herde the salu- 
 tacioun of Marye the young childe in hir wombe 
 gladide, and Elizabeth was fulhld with the holy 
 Gost 
 
 38. And cry'ede with a gret voice and seyde, 
 blessid be thou among wymmen, and blessid be the 
 fruyt of thy wombe. 
 
 39. And whereof is this thing to me, that the 
 modir of my Lord come to me? 
 
 40. For lo as the vois of thi salutacioun was 
 maad in myn eeris : the yong child gladide in joye 
 in my wombe.
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 45. "Knb eabij ]>u ea^r )ju \>e jelypbej^r. f 
 pulf jiemebe fynr pa. jjinj |je pjiam Djaihrne 
 jej-aebe j^ynb : • 
 
 46. Da cpaeS COajiia. COin jpapel maejij'aS 
 Djiihreii. 
 
 47. "] mm jaj-r 5eblij")fube on -Eiobe minuni 
 ^felenbe. 
 
 48. Fojafiam J^e he jejteah hi]^ fiinene eabmob- 
 nej-j'e. oS lice heonun-pojiS me eabige jrecjaS 
 ealle cneojier)"a. 
 
 49. Fojafiam pa mycele Jjinj bybe j'e Se mihrij 
 1J-. ■] hi)^ nama ly halij. 
 
 50. T hij- milb-heoprnej" op cneojiej-pe on 
 cneojie)^]-e hine onbjisebenbum : • 
 
 51. ^e pojrhre maejne on hip eajime. he 
 robaelbe J^a opeji-moban on niobe hyp.a heoja- 
 ran. 
 
 52. ;^e apeajip pa. pican op perle. anb j^a eaS- 
 moban upahop. 
 
 53. ^injjiijenbe he mib ^obum jepylbe. •] 
 opejimobe ibele poJ^ler. 
 
 54. ^e apenj Ippahel hip cnihr. ^ jemuiibe 
 hip milb-heoprneppe. 
 
 55. Spa he pppjec ro upum pffibepum. Sbpa- 
 hame anb hip pasbe on k peopulb : • 
 
 56. SoSlice COapia punube mib hype ppylce 
 J>py monSap. ■] gepenbe Jja ro hype hupe : • 
 
 57- Da pasp jepylieb eiizaberhe cenninj-nb. 
 anb heo punu cenbe. 
 
 58. ■] hype nehchebupap ■] hype cu'San -p 
 jehypbon. f Dpihren hip milb-heoprneppe 
 mib hype msppube -j hij mib hype blip- 
 pobon : • 
 
 59. Da on J)am ehreoSan bffi^e lug comon ■f 
 cilb ymbpniSan. anb nembon hine hip pEebep 
 naman Zachapiam : • 
 
 60. Da anbppapobe hip mobop. Ne pe poSep. 
 ac he biS lohannep jenemneb : • 
 
 61. Da cpaebon hi ro hype. Nip nan on finpe 
 raaejSe pyppum naman jenemneb : • 
 
 62. Da bicnobon hi ro hip ptebep. hpaer he 
 polbe hyne jenemnebne beon : • 
 
 63. pa ppar he jebebenum pex-bpebe. lohan- 
 nepip hip namaSa punbpobon nij ealle: • 
 
 64. Da peapS pona hip muS -^ hip runje 
 jeopenob. ■] he pppaec. Dpihren bletpi- 
 jenbe : • 
 
 41. And blessid be thou that hast beleeved : for 
 thilke thingis that ben seid of the Lord to thee 
 schulen be parfytly don. 
 
 42. And Marye seyde, my soul magnifieth tlie 
 Lord. 
 
 43. And my spiryt hath gladid m God myn 
 helthe. 
 
 44. For he hath behulden the mekenesse of his 
 hand-mayden : for lo for this alle generatiouns 
 schulen seye that I am blessid. 
 
 45. For he that is mighti hath don to me grete 
 thingis, and his name is holy. 
 
 46. And his mersy is fro kyndrede into kyndredis 
 to men that dreden him. 
 
 47. He made myght in his arm, he scateride 
 proude men with the thoughte of his herte. 
 
 48. He sette doun myghly men fro seete and 
 enhaunside meke men. 
 
 49. He hath fulfillid hungry men with goodis, 
 and he has left riche men voide. 
 
 50. He havynge mynde of his mercy took up 
 Israel his child. 
 
 51. As he hath spokun to oure fadris, to Abra- 
 ham, and to his seed into worldis. 
 
 52. And Marye dwellide with hir as it were thre 
 monethis and turned again into his hoiis. 
 
 53. But the tyme of beringe child was fulfillid 
 to Elizabeth, and sche bar a son. 
 
 54. And the neyghbouris and cosyns of hir her- 
 den that the Lord hadde magnyfied his mercy with 
 hir, and thei thankiden him. 
 
 55. And it was doon in the eightithe day thei 
 camen to circumside the child, and thei clepiden him 
 Zacarye by the name of his fadir. 
 
 56. And his modir answeride and seide, nay; 
 but he schal be clepid Jon. 
 
 57. And thei seiden to hir, for no man is in thi 
 kyndrede that is clepid this name. 
 
 58. And thei bikenyden to his fadir, what he 
 wolde that he were clepid. 
 
 59. And he axinge a poyntel wroot seyinge, Jon 
 is his name, and alle men wondriden. 
 
 60. And annoon his mouth was openyd and bis 
 tunge, and he spak and blesside God.
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 65. Da peapS eje ^epojaben opep ealle hyjaa 
 nehchebujiaj-. anb opep ealle lubea munt-lanb 
 pa3jion ]>&y popb jepibmsejij-obe. 
 
 66. 1 ealle )7a Se hir ^ehypbon. on hypa 
 heopran perrun -] cpa-bon. penpr Su hpajr 
 byS f^ef cnapa. pirobkce Dpihrnep hanb p«p 
 mib hini : • 
 
 67. Aiib Zachajiiap hij- paebep pjpj- mib hale- 
 jum napre jejcylleb. •] he pirejobe anb 
 
 cp^S. 
 
 68. Ueblerj-ub j-y Djiihren Ipjiahela Cob. 
 popfiam p& he ^eneoj-ube. -] hip polcep alypeb- 
 neppe bybe. 
 
 69. Snb he up haele hopn ajiasp.be on Dauibep 
 hupe hip cnihrep. 
 
 70. Spa he ppptec jjuph hip halejpa pire- 
 jena muS. ])a Se op poplbep ppym Be ppp- 
 ascon. 
 
 71. ■] he alypbe up op upum peonbum. anb op 
 ealpa I'apa hanba Jie up harebon. 
 
 72. OQilb-heoprneppe tro pypcenne mib upum 
 psebepum. ■] jemunan hip halejan cyBneppe. 
 
 73. ^yne uy ro pyllenne jjone aS f e he upum 
 paebep Sbpahame ppop. 
 
 74. Dajr pe buran eje, op upe peonba hanba 
 alypebe. him j^eopian. 
 
 75. On halijneppe bepopan him eallum upum 
 bajum : • 
 
 76. "Knb \>u cnapa bipr pvey hehpran pitreja 
 jenemneb. fiu 3a?pr bepopan Dpihrnep anpyne. 
 hip pejap jeappian. 
 
 77. To pyllene hip poke haele ^epir on hypa 
 pynna popjypneppe. 
 
 78. Duph innoSap upep Eiobep milb-heopr- 
 neppe. on J^am he up jeneopube op eaprbjele 
 up-pypinjenbe. 
 
 79- Onlyhran fiam pe on J'yptrpum ^ on beaSep 
 pceabe pitraS. upe per ro jepeccenne on pibbe 
 pej:. 
 
 80. SoSlice pe cnapa peox. •] paep on japre 
 jeprpanjob. -j pasp on peprenum oS Jjone baej 
 hyp aerypebneppum on Ippahel : • 
 
 61. And drede was maad on all hir neighbouiis, 
 and all the wordis weren puplischid on alle tlic 
 mounteyncs of Judce. 
 
 62. And alle men that herden puttiden in her 
 herte, and seiden what manner child schal this l)e, 
 for the hond of the Lord was with him. 
 
 63. And Zacarye his fadir was fulfiUid with the 
 holy Gost, and profeciede and seide. 
 
 64. Blessid be the Lord God of Israel, for he has 
 visited and maad redempcioun of his puple. 
 
 65. And he has rered to us an horn of helthe in 
 the hous of Dauith his child. 
 
 66. As he spak by the mouth of hise holy pro- 
 phetis that weren fro the world. 
 
 67. Helth fro oure enemyes, and fro the hond of 
 alle men that hatiden us. 
 
 68. To do mersy with our fadris, and to have 
 myixle of his holy testament, 
 
 69- The great 00th that he swoor to Abraham 
 our fadir. 
 
 70. To geve himself to us, that we without drede 
 delyvered fro the hond of our enemyes serve to 
 him. 
 
 71. In holynesse and rightwisnesse before him, 
 in alle our dayes. 
 
 72. And thou child schalt be clepid the profete 
 of the higheste, for thou schalt go before the face of 
 the Lord to make redy hise weyes. 
 
 73. To geve science of heelth to his puple into 
 remissioun of her synnes. 
 
 74. By the inwardeness of the mersy of oure 
 God, in the Avhich he springyng up fro on high hath 
 visited us. 
 
 75. To geve light to them that sitten in derk- 
 nessis, and in schadowe of deeth, to dresse our feet 
 into the weye of pees. 
 
 76. And the child wexide, and was confortid in 
 spiryt, and was in desert placis till to the day of liis 
 schewing to Ysrael.
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Of the Saxon poetry some specimen is necessary, 
 thoutfh our ignorance of the laws of their metre and 
 the quantities of their syllables, which it would be 
 very ditlicult, perhaps impossible, to recover, ex- 
 cludes us from that pleasure which the old bards 
 undoubtedly gave to their contemporaries. 
 
 The first'poetry of the Saxons was without rhyme, 
 and consequently must have depended upon the 
 quantity of their syllables; but they began in time 
 to imitate their neighbours, and close their verses 
 with correspondent sounds. 
 
 The two passages, which I have selected, contain 
 apparently the rudiments of our present lyrick mea- 
 sures, and the writers may be justly considered as 
 the genuine ancestors of the English poets. 
 
 ^e mai him j-ojie abjieben, 
 
 Dffir he Sanne ope bibbe ne mu^en, 
 
 Uop f bilimpeS dome. 
 
 ^35 ly pif -f bir anb bore 
 
 Anb her bmop.en bome. 
 
 DeaS com on Sij- mibelapb 
 
 DujxS Ss)" beplej' onbe^ 
 
 5nb yenne anb foj-je anb ifpmc. 
 
 On ]-e anb on lonbe. 
 
 Ic am elbep Sanne ic pep 
 A pinrpe ■] ec a lope. 
 Ic ealbi mope Sanne ic bebe, 
 COi pir ojhre ro bi mope. 
 
 8e -f hme j-elue uop^er, 
 Uop piue ojjep uop chdbe. 
 ^e y&\ comen on euele j-rebe, 
 Bure 50b hnn bi mdbe. 
 
 Ne hopie pip ro hipe pepe, 
 Ne pepe ro hif piue. 
 Bi pop him peine eupich man 
 Dfcp pile he bie^ aliue. 
 
 Gupich man mib -^ he haue'S, 
 : OOai be^jen heuepiche. 
 '. 8e Se leppe •] pe ^e mope, 
 ^epe aibep iliche. 
 
 peuenc anb en^e he oueppie'S, 
 ^ip ejhen biS pulbpihr. 
 Sunne T mone "] alle preppen, 
 BieS Sieprpe on hip lihre. 
 
 ^e por hper SencheS anb hper bo)?, 
 Alle quike pihre. 
 Nip no louepb ppich ip xipr, 
 Ne no kinj ppich ip bpihre. 
 
 ^euene -\ epSe "] all Sat ijp, 
 
 Biloken ip on hip honbe. 
 ^e beS al f hip piUe ip, 
 On pea anb ec on lonbe. 
 
 ;^e ip opb alburen opbe, 
 Snb enbe alburen enbe. 
 pe one ip eupe on eche prebe, 
 IDenbe pep Su penbe. 
 
 pe ip buuen up anb bineSen, 
 Biuopen anb ec bihinb. 
 8e man -f ^obep piUe beS, 
 l3ie mai hine aihpap uinbe. 
 
 eche pune he iliepS, 
 Snb por eche bebe. 
 pe Suph pijS echep iSanc, 
 lUai hpar pel up ro pebe 
 
 8e man neupe nele bon 30b, 
 Ne neupe 30b lip leben. 
 Gp beS ■] bom come ro hip bupe, 
 pe mai him pope abpeben. 
 
 punjep T Suppr here ■] chele, 
 GcSe anb all unhelBe. 
 Duph beS com on Sip mibelapb, 
 Snb oSep unipelSe. 
 
 Ne mai non hepre hir ifienche, 
 Ne no runje relle. 
 pu muchele pinum anb hu uele, 
 BieS inne helle. 
 
 Louie Erob mib upe hiepre. 
 Snb mib all upe mihre. 
 Xnb upe emcpiprene rpo up pelp, 
 8po up lepeS bpihre. 
 
 8ume Sep habbeS leppe mepjSe, 
 Xnb pume Sep habbeS mope, 
 ech epren San f he bebe, 
 eprep f he ppanc pope. 
 
 Ne pel Sep bi bpeb ne pin, 
 Ne ojjep kennep epre. 
 EJob one pel bi echep lip, 
 T^nb blipce anb eche pepre. 
 
 Ne pal Sap bi pcere ne pcpub, 
 Ne poplbep pele none. 
 "Kc pi mepjl^e f men up bihar, 
 "Sll pall ben gob one. 
 
 Ne mai no mep^fie bi ppo muchel, 
 8po ip jobep ipihSe.
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 ^1 ij- yo]> ^'une anb bpihr, 
 Snb bai bure mhre. 
 
 Dejx ij" pele bure pane, 
 Snb jiej-re buren ij-pinche. 
 8e -p mai anb nele Bebep come, 
 8ojae hir yel uojiSenche. 
 
 Dej\ ly blij-ce buren rpeje, 
 Sub lip buren beaSe. 
 Der eujie pullen punie Seji, 
 BiSe hi bie|7 anb eabe. 
 
 Deji ly jeujej^e buren elbe, 
 Hnb elbe buren unheljpe. 
 Nij" Sejx f oj^je ne yoj\ non, 
 Ne non unipelSe. 
 
 Dep me pel bjiihren ipen, 
 Spo ape he ip inib ipippe : 
 pe one niai anb pel al bien, 
 Giijlep anb mannep blipce. 
 
 To Sajie bhpce up bpiinj job, 
 Der jiixeS buren enbe, 
 Danne he upie paula unbinr, 
 Op hchanilice benb. 
 
 Lpipr jeue up lebe ppich lip, 
 Snb habbe ppichne enbe. 
 Der pe moren Sibep cumen, 
 Danne pe hennep penbe. 
 
 About the year 1150, the Saxon began to take a 
 form in which the beginning of the present English 
 may be plainly discovered ; this change seems not 
 to have been the effect of the Norman conquest, 
 for very few French words are found to have been 
 introduced in the first hundred years after it ; the 
 language must therefore have been altered by causes 
 like those which, notwithstanding the care of writers 
 and societies instituted to obviate them, are even 
 now daily making innovations in every living lan- 
 guage. I have exhibited a specimen of the lan- 
 guage of this age from the year 1135 to 1140 of 
 the Saxon chronicle, of which the latter part was 
 apparently written near the time to which it 
 relates. 
 
 Dip jaepe pop )?e kinj Srephne opep pte ro 
 Nopmanbi. -] ]jep pep unbep-panjen. popSi f hi 
 penben -^ he pculbe ben alpuic alpe \i^ eom pep. 
 ~\ pop he habbe jer hip rpepop, ac he '-o belb 
 
 ir 1 pcarepeb porUce. COicel habbe ^enpi kmj 
 jabepeb jolb ~] pyluep. anb na job ne bibe me 
 pop hip paule )?ap op. Da J^e kinj Srephne ro 
 Gnjla-lanb com \)di macob he hip jabepinj aer 
 Oxene-popb. "] ]?ap he nam \s: bipcop Rojep op 
 Sepep bepi. ■] Slexanbep bipcop op Lincoln. -] 
 re Eancelep Rojep hipe neuep. ■] bibe ;elle m 
 ppipun. nl hi japen up hepe cuprlep. Da ):e 
 puikep unbepjseron f he milbe man Jjap "] popre 
 ~] job. ■] najupripe ne bibe. Jja biben hi alle 
 punbep. ^1 habben him manpeb makeb anb 
 aSep puopen. ac hi nan rpeuSe ne heolben. 
 alle he paspon pop-ppopen. -\ hepe rpeoSep 
 poplopen. pop aeupic pice man hip caprlcp 
 makebe anb ajsnep him heolben. anb pylben ):e 
 lanb pull op caprlep. pi puencren puiSe ]?e 
 ppecce men op Jje lanb mib caprel-peopcep. |7a 
 J^e caprlep papen makeb. Jja pylben hi mib 
 beoulep anb yuele men. Da namen hi Jja men 
 ]?e hi penben -p am job hepben. baSe be nihrep 
 anb be bteiep. caplmen -] pimmen. anb biben 
 heom in ppipun eprep jolb anb pyluep. "] pineb 
 heom un-rellenblice piniuj. pop ne parpen nseupe 
 nan maprypp ppa pineb alpe hi pa?pon. COe 
 henjeb up bi f>e per anb pmokeb heom mib pul 
 pmoke. me henjeb bi fie J^umbep. oSep bi j^e 
 hepeb. -] henjen bpynijep on hep per. G5e 
 bibe cnorreb prpenjep aburon hepe haeueb. 3 
 uupySen ro -f ir Jaebe ro |? haepner. pi biben 
 heom in quaprepne J^ap nabpep -j pnakep ■] 
 pabep paspon inne. 1 bpapen heom ppa. 8ume 
 hi biben in cpucer-hup. f ip in an cepre ■f pap 
 pcopr -] napeu. "] un bep. "] bibe pcasppe pranep 
 ])ep inne. ~] fipenjbe ]je man ]?sep inne. f hi 
 bpa?con alle J^e hmep. In mam op J^e caprlep 
 p.ffipon lop T jpi. f ptepon pachenrejep f rpa 
 oSep |?pe men habben onoh ro bsepon onne. -f 
 pap ppa maceb "f ip peeprneb ro an beom. ~\ 
 biben an pcaepp ipen aburon |:a mannep fjpore ■] 
 hip halp. f he ne mihre nopibeppapbep ne 
 pirren. ne lien, ne plepen. oc baepon al f ipen. 
 COani Jjupen hi bpapen nub hunjfep. J ne canne. 
 -] ne mai rellen alle f>e punbep. ne alle |:e pinep 
 •f hi biben ppecce men on hip lanb. "] f laprebe 
 |?a XIX. pinrpe pile Srephne pap kinj. -] feupe 
 ir pap uueppe anb uueppe. pi Ifeibenjaeilbep 
 on ^e runep seupeu pile. "] clepeben ir renpepie. 
 
 9
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ba pe pnecce men ne habben nan mojie ro jiuen. 
 ]7a paeueben hi anb bjienbon alle f>e ruiiej-. -f 
 pel fiu niihrep pajren all abreij^ pajie j^culbejT 
 \iu neujie pniben man ni rune j-irrenbe. ne lanb 
 rileb. Da paj- copn ba^pe. ■] plec. ~\ csepe. ~] 
 burejie. poji nan ne pfpj" o pi lanb. lUpecce 
 men j-rujiuen op hun^teji. pume jeben on jelmep 
 pe papen pum pile pice men. pum plujen ur op 
 lanbe. UJep nseupe ja^r mape ppecceheb on 
 lanb. ne naeupe heSen men peppe ne biben fian 
 hi biben. pop onep piSon ne pop-bapen hi nou- 
 Sep cipce. ne cypce-ijepb. oc nam al pe gob f 
 |:'ap inne pap. ~} bpenben pySen );e cypce "] 
 alre^ajbepe. Ne hi ne pop-bapen bipcopep 
 lanb. ne abborep. ne ppeoprep. ac pa?ueben 
 munecep. ^ clepekep. -] jeupic man oSep pe 
 ouep myhre. Dip rpa men oSep fjpe coman 
 pibent) ro an run. al j:e runpcipe plujaen pop 
 heom. penben f hi pa-pon paniepej-. De bipco- 
 pep ~] lepeb men heom cuppebe aeupe, oc pap 
 heom nahr J?ap op. pop hi paspon all pop-cuppsb 
 •j pop-puopen T poplopen. lUap pae me rilebe. 
 Jie epSe ne bap nan copn. pop pe lanbe pap all 
 pop-bon mib puilce bsbep. •] hi ptpben openhce 
 f Epipr plep. -] hip halechen. Suilc ~] mape 
 f'anne pe cunnen paein. pe J^olenben xix. pinrpe 
 pop upe pinnep. On al j^ip yuele rune heolb 
 COaprin abbor hip abborpice xx. pinrep ^ halp 
 ja^p. -] VIII. baeip. mib inicel puinc. ■] panb J^e 
 munekep. ^ re jeprep al f heom behoueb. "] 
 heolb mycel capireb in rhe hup. anb |7oS peSepe 
 ppohre on j:e cipce "] perre fiap ro lanbep -\ 
 penrep ~\ jobeb ir puySe anb lagr ir pepen. 
 anb bpohre heom inro f»e nepa^ mynprpe on p. 
 Perpep moeppe-bsei mib micel puprpcipe. -f pap 
 anno ab incapnarione Dom. mcxl. a combup- 
 rione loci xxiii. 7?nb he pop ro Rome "] j^£pp 
 pasp pa?l unbep-panjen ppam pi Pape eujenie. 
 ■] bejaet: rhape ppiuilejiep. an op alle p^ lanbep 
 op J?abborpice. "] an oSep op Jje lanbep pe hen 
 ro Jje cipcepican. •] jip he lenj mopre liuen. 
 alpe he mmr ro bon op j?e hopbep pycan. 7?nb 
 he bejEer in lanbep -p pice men hepben mib 
 prpenjjje. op UJillelm OOalbuir pe heolb Rojin^- 
 ham fiae caprel he pan Eorinjham ■] Gprun. •] 
 op ^ujo op lUalruile he pan ^yprlinjb. •] 
 Sranepij. -] lx. pot. op Slbepmjle felc jaep. 
 
 Snb lie makebe manie munekep. ■] planrebe 
 pinia'pb. ■] makebe manie peopkep. -} penbe pe 
 run berepe j^an ir asp paep. anb prep 50b munec 
 ■3 50b man. "] popSi hi luueben Dob anb jobe 
 men. Nu pe piUen pajjen pum bel par belamp 
 on Srephne kinjep rime. On hip rime pe 
 Jubeup op Nop-pic bohron an Epipren cilb 
 bepopen Gprpen. anb pineben hiin alle pe ilce 
 pininj -p upe Dpihrin pap pineb. anb on lanj- 
 ppibcEi him on pobe henjen pop upe Dpihrnep 
 luue. T pySen bypieben him. Ujeuben -p ir 
 pculbe ben pop-holen. oc upe Dpihrin arypebe 
 f he pap hall mapryp. •] ro munekep him na- 
 men. •] bebypieb him he;^Uce. in Se mynprpe. 
 ~i he maker jjup upe Dpihnn punbeplice anb 
 mampajlbhce mipaclep. ~\ harre he p. Ujil- 
 lelm : • 
 
 On |7ip jeep com Dauib king op Scorlanb mib 
 opmere poepb ro ):ip lanb polbe pinnan |?ip lanb. 
 "3 him com rojaenep Ujillelm eopl op Slbamap pe 
 kinj abbe berehr 6uop-pic. "] ro oSep aeuez 
 men mib paeu men ■] puhren pib heom. •] plem- 
 ben pe kinj ser re pranbapb. ■] plojen pui^e 
 inicel op hip jenje : • 
 
 On piy ja;p polbe pe king Srephne rascen 
 
 Robbepr eopl op Dlouceprpe. pe kinjep pune 
 
 }3enpiep. ac he ne mihre pop he papr ir pap. 
 
 Da eprep hi pe lenjren peyvejxebe pe punne -] 
 
 re bsei aburon nonnb bejep pa. men eren -p me 
 
 lihrebe canblep ro seren bi. 'j f pap xiii. kt. 
 
 Appil. ptepon men pui'Se oppunbpeb. Dep. 
 
 eprep popb-peopbe UJilielm ^Epce-bipcop op 
 
 Danrpap-bypij. ^ re king makebe Teobalb 
 
 iEpce bipcop. pe pap abbor in pe Bee. Dep 
 
 eprep pax puibe micel uueppe beruyx pe kin^ 
 
 -] Ranbolp eopl op Eaeprpe nohr pop'Si -p he ne 
 
 jap lum al f he cuSe axen him. alpe he bibe 
 
 alle oSpe. oc ?eyj\.e pe mape lap heom pe 
 
 pseppe hi paepon him. De eopl heolb Lincol 
 
 ajaenep }^e kinj. "] benam him al -p he ahre ro 
 
 hauen. ■] re kmj pop |7ibep ■] bepaerre him •] 
 
 hip bpoSep UJillelm be R . . . ape in pe caprel. 
 
 ■] re eopl prael ur ■] penbe eprep Robbepr 
 
 eopl op Dlouceprpe. ~\ bpohr him jjibep mib 
 
 micel pepb. anb puhren ppiSe on Dabelmappe- 
 
 baDi ajenep heope lauepb. •] namen him. pop 
 
 hip men him puyken T plujaen. anb laeb him ro 
 
 10
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Bjiij-rope anb biben |?ajx in pjiifun. i . . . rejie)'. 
 Da paj- all en^le-lanb j-cypeb map fan aep pje]". 
 anb all yuel ptej- in lanbe. Dejx epreji com ];e 
 kinjej" bohrejx ^enjiiej" f>e hepbe ben Gmpej^ic 
 on Slamame. -] nu pa?j- cunrej-j-e in Snjou. •] 
 com bo Lunbene. -} re Lunbenij-j^ce pole hijie 
 polbe rsecen t pens pleh. -] poplej- pap nucel : • 
 Dejt epreji pe bipcop op Ulin-ceprjie ^enjii. pe 
 kinjep bjioSep Srephnep. ppac pib Robbejir 
 eojil •] pib fieinpejiice anb ppojx heom aSap -f lie 
 neujie ma mib tre kin^ hip bjioSep polbe halben. 
 ■] cuppebe alle J^e men pe: niib lam heolben. anb 
 paebe heom -f he polbe iiuen heom up Ujin 
 ceptpe. ■] bibe heom cumen Jjibeji. Da hi psejx 
 mne paejien j^a com Jje kmjep cuen . . . hijie 
 prjienjSe ■] bepasr heom. f pep. paep inne micel 
 hungffip. Da hi ne lenj ne muhren j^olen. j^a 
 prali hi ur •] plujen. •] hi pupSen paji piSuren 
 -J polecheben heom. anb namen Robbejir eojal 
 op Dlou-ceptrjie anb lebben him To Roue-ceprpe. 
 anb biben him j^ape in ppipiin. anb re empepice 
 pleh inro an mynprpe. Da peopben Sa pipe 
 men berpyx. Jje kinjep ppeonb ■] re eoplep 
 ppeonb. anb pahrlebe pua -p me pculbe leren 
 ur pe king op ppipun pop Jje eopl. ~\ re eopl 
 pop pi king. •] pua biben. 8iSen Sep eprep 
 parhleben )je king -j Ranbolp eopl ar Sran-popb 
 "] aSep ppopen anb rpeuSep paepron -p hep 
 nouSep pculbe bepuiken oSep. •] ir ne pop-prob 
 nahr. pop pe kinj him piSen nam in ;^amrun. 
 J?uphe jjicci paeb. -j bibe him in ppipun. ■] 
 ep ponep he ler hini ur fuphe psppe peb 
 ro f popepapbe f he puop on halibom. •] 
 jyplep panb. f he alle hip caprlep pculbe iiuen 
 up. 8ume he iap up anb pume ne iap he nohr. 
 anb bibe J;anne fsejiye Sanne he ha?p pculbe. 
 Da pap enjle-lanb puiSe ro beleb. pume lielben 
 mib re kinj. ^ pume mib fiempepice. pop fia pe 
 kinj pap in ppipun. pa penben |?e eoplep -^ re 
 pice men -p he neupe mape pculbe cumme ur. -] 
 f aehrleben pyb jjempepice. -] bpohren hipe mro 
 Oxen-popb. anb iauen hipe pe bupch : • Da 
 Se kinj pap ure. jja hepbe -f psejen. anb roc 
 hip peopb T bepasr hipe in pe rup. -j me lasr 
 hipe bun on nihr op pe rup mib papep. ■] pral 
 ur •] pca» pleh •] lajbe on pore ro UJalinj-popb. 
 Daep eprep pcee pepbe opep pa?. •] hi op Nop- 
 
 manbi penben alle ppa pe kinj ro pe eopl op 
 Tin-^isu. pume hepe jjankep •] rume hepe un- 
 fiankep. pop he bepaer heom nl hi aiauen up 
 hepe caprlep. ^ hi nan helpe ne htepben op pe 
 king. Da pepbe Suprace pe kinjep pune ro 
 Fpance. ~\ nam pe kinjep puprep op Fpance ro 
 pipe, penbe ro bi^aeron Nopmanbi pwp. ):uph. 
 oc he ppebbe lirel. ■] be jobe pihre. pop he 
 pap an yuel man. pop pape pe he . . . bibe mape 
 yuel Jeanne gob. he peuebe pe laiibep -] la?ibe 
 
 mic p on. he bpohre hip pip ro Gnjle- 
 
 lanb. ■] bibe hipe in pe capre reb. gob 
 
 pimman pcse paep. oc pcae hebbe lirel blippe mib 
 him. ■] xpipr ne polbe -p he pculbe lanje pixan. 
 ~\ pfppb beb anb hip mobep beien. -\ re eopl op 
 Snjseu pEepb beb. -] hip pune ;^enpi roc ro pe 
 pice. Snb re cuen op Fpance ro-baelbe ppa 
 pe kinj. ■] pcee com ro pe lunje eopl ^enpi. ■] 
 he roc hipe ro piue. ~i al Peirou mib hipe. Dp 
 pepbe he mib micel paepb inro enjle-lanb. ■] 
 pan caprlep. ■] re kinj pepbe ajenep him micel 
 mape pepS. •] )?oSp{B|?epe puren hi nohr. oc 
 pepben pe iEpce-bipcop ■] re pipe men berpux 
 heom. •] makebe f pahre -p re kinj pculbe ben 
 lauepb •] kiHj pile he liuebe. •] aprep hip baei 
 pape ^enpi kinj. •] he helbe him pop paDep 1 
 he him pop pune. anb pib "] paehre pculbe ben 
 berpyx heom ^ on al Gnjle-lanb. Dip anb re 
 oSpe popuuapbep pev hi makeben puopen ro 
 halben pe king -j re eopl. anb re bipcop. ■] re 
 eoplep. "3 picemen alle. Da pap pe eopl ucbep- 
 panjen aer U3in-ceprpe anb oer Lunbene mib 
 micel puprpcipe. anb alle biben him man-peb. 
 anb puopen pe paip ro halben. anb hir papb 
 pone puiSe job paip pua -p neupe pap hepe. Da 
 pap Se king prpenjepe Jeanne he a-uepr hep 
 pap. -] re eopl pepbe ouep pae. ■] al pole him 
 luuebe. pop he bibe 50b jupripe -} makebe 
 paip : • 
 
 Nearly about this time, the following pieces of 
 poetry seem to have been written, of which I have 
 inserted only short fragments; the first is a rude 
 attempt at the present measure of eight syllables, 
 and the second is a natural introduction to Robert 
 of Gloucester, being composed in the same mea- 
 
 sure, which, however rude and barbarous it 
 
 may 
 11
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 seem, taught the way to the Alexandrines oi the 
 French poetry, 
 
 pUR in fee bi wefr ipaynje. 
 
 If a lonb ihore cokaygne. 
 Deji nif lonb unber heuennche. 
 Of wel of gobnif hir ihche. 
 Doy parabif be min anb briyr. 
 Eokaygn if of famr fiyr. 
 Whar if jjer in parabif. 
 Bor graiVe anb flure anb grenenf. 
 Doy jjer be loi anb grer bure. 
 Der nif mer bore frure. 
 Der nif halle bure no bench. 
 Bor warir man if J^urfro quench. 
 'Bep pev no men bur rwo. 
 ^ely anb enok alfo. 
 Lhnghch may hi go. 
 Whar )jer wonij? men no mo. 
 In cokaygne if mer anb brink. 
 Wijjure care how anb fwmk. 
 De mer if rrie po brink fo clere. 
 To non ruffin anb fopper. 
 I figge for iop buore were. 
 Der nif lonb on er|7e if pere. 
 Unber heuen nif lonb i wifle. 
 Of fo mochil 101 anb blilfe. 
 Der if mam fwere fiyre. 
 Al if bai nif ptr no niyre. 
 Der nif barer nojier frnf. 
 Nif J^er no bej? ac euer lif. 
 Der nif lac of mer no clo|7. 
 Der nif no man no \\ oman wrojj. 
 Der nif ferpenr wolf no fox. 
 ^orf no capil. kowe no ox. 
 Der nif fchepe no fwine no gote. 
 No non horwyla gob ir wore. 
 Nof»er harare nother frobe. 
 De lanb if ful of oj^er gobe. 
 Nif l^ei tlei fle no lowse. 
 In clojp in roune beb no houfe. 
 Der nif bunnir flere no hawle. 
 No non vile worme no fnawile. 
 No non frorm rein no winbe. 
 Der nif man no woman blinbe. 
 Ok al if game loi anr gle. 
 
 Wel il him pav j^er mai be. 
 Der bejj nverf grer anb fine. 
 Of oile melk honi anb wine. 
 Warir feruij? |?er ro norhing. 
 Bor ro fiyr anb ro waufling. 
 
 SANCTA MARGARETTA. 
 
 /^LDE anr yonge i preir ou oure fohef for ro 
 
 lere. 
 Dencher on gob fiar yef ou wir oure funnes ro 
 
 here, 
 ^ere mai rellen ou. wib worbef feire anb fwere. 
 De vie of one meiban. waf horen ClOaregrere. 
 
 ^ire faber waf a par riac. af ic ou rellen may. 
 In aunrioge wif echef i Se falfe lay. 
 Deve gobef anr boumbe. he ferveb nitt anb bay. 
 80 beben mony o]?ere j^ar fingeb weilawey. 
 Theobofiuf waf if nome. on crift ne levebe he 
 
 noutt. 
 ^e levebe on pe falfe gobef. Sar peren wib hon 
 
 ben wroutt. 
 Do fiar chilb fculbe chriftine ben. ic com him 
 
 well in jjoutt. 
 G beb wen ir were ibore. ro bej^e ir were 
 
 ibjioutt. 
 De mober waf an he|7ene wif |jar hire ro 
 
 wyman here. 
 Do far chilb ibore waf. nolbe ho hir furfare 
 ^o fenbe ir inro afye. wib nielfagerf ful yare. 
 To a nojiice j^ar hire wifre. anr ferre hire ro 
 
 lore. 
 De nonce j^ar hire wifte. chilbren aheuebe 
 
 feuene. 
 De eittej^e waf maregrere. crifref may of 
 
 heuene. 
 Talef iio am rolbe ful feire anr ful euene. 
 Wou ho Jjoleben marrnbom. fein Laurence anr 
 
 feinre Sreuene. 
 
 In these fragments, the adulteration of the 
 Saxon tongue, by a mixture of the Norman, becomes 
 apparent ; yet it is not so much changed by the 
 admixture of new words, which might be imputed 
 to commerce with the continent, as by changes or 
 its own forms and terminations ; for which no rea-i 
 son can be given. 
 
 12
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Hitherto the language used in this island, how- 
 ever different in successive time, may be called 
 Saxon; nor can it be expected, from the nature of 
 things gradually changing, that any time can be 
 assigned, when the Saxon may be said to cease, and 
 the English to commence. Robert of Gloucester, 
 however, who is placed by the criticks in the thir- 
 teenth century, seems to have used a kind of inter 
 mediate diction, neither Saxon nor English ; in his 
 work therefore we see the transition exhibited, and, 
 as he is the first of our writers in rhyme, of whom 
 any large work remains, a more extensive quotation 
 is extracted. He writes apparently in the same 
 measure with the foregoing author of St. Marga- 
 rite, which, polished into greater exactness, appeared 
 to our ancestors so suitable to the genius of the 
 English language, that it was continued in use 
 almost to the middle of the seventeenth century. 
 
 /^F ps: batayles of Denemarch, Jjat hii dude in 
 
 fiys londe. 
 |jat worst were of alle ojjere, we mote abbe an 
 
 honde. 
 Worft hii were, vor oj^ere adde lomwonne ydo. 
 As Romeyns & Saxons, & wel wufte J^at lond 
 
 Jjerto. 
 Ac hii ne kept yt holde nojt, bote robby, and 
 
 ffende, 
 And deftrue, & berne, & fie, & ne coufe abbe 
 
 non ende. 
 And bote lute yt nas worjj, jjey hii were ouercome 
 
 ylome. 
 Vor myd flypes and gret poer as prest effone hii 
 
 come. 
 Kyng Adelwolf of Jpys lond kyng was tuenty ^er. 
 fe Deneys come by hym ryuor J^an hii dude er. 
 Vor in fe al our vorst jer of ys kynedom 
 Myd jjre & f>rytty Ifypuol men her prince hyber 
 
 come. 
 And at SouJ^amtone aryuede, an hauene by 
 
 Soujje. 
 Anofier gret oft fiulke tyme aryuebe at Portef- 
 
 moujje. 
 J>e kyng nufte we )jer kepe, at delde ys oft atuo. 
 )je Denes adde Jje mayftre. ])o al was ydo, 
 And by Eftangle and Lyndefeye hii wende vorf' 
 
 atte lafte, 
 And fo hamward al by Kent, & flowe & barnde 
 
 vafte. 
 
 Ajen wynter hii wende hem. ano)?er jer eft hii 
 
 come. 
 And deftrude Kent al out, and Londone nome. 
 pus al an ten jer )?at lond hii brojte Jjer doune, 
 So )7at m Jje tej^e jer of j^e kynge's croune, 
 Al byfou|je hii come alond, and )?et folc of Somer- 
 
 fete 
 l^oru pe byllbp Alcfton anb J^et folc of Dorfete 
 Hii come & fmyte an batayle, & jjere, Jjoru 
 
 Gode's grace, 
 |?e Deneys were al bynejje, 8c J^e lond folc adde 
 
 pe place. 
 And more prowesse dude f>o, fjan J?e kyng my^te 
 
 byuore, 
 |:7eruore gode lond men ne bej? nojt al verlore. 
 pe kyng was pe boldore po, & ajen hem pe more 
 
 drou. 
 And ys foure godes fones woxe vafte y nou, 
 Edelbold and Adelbryjt, Edelred and Alfred. 
 )7ys was a ftalwarde tem, & of gret wyfdom & red, 
 And kynges were al foure, & defendede wel jjys 
 
 lond. 
 An Deneys dude ITame ynou, J^at me volwel 
 
 vond. 
 In fyxtejje jere of pe kynge's kynedom 
 Is eldefte fone Adelbold gret oft to hym nome. 
 And YS fader alfo god, and oj^ere heye men al fo, 
 And wende ajen Jjys Deneys, fiat muche wo adde 
 
 y do. 
 Vor myd tuo hondred ITypes & an alf at Temfe 
 
 mouf> hii come, 
 And Londone, and Kanterbury, and ojjer tonnes 
 
 nome, 
 And fo vorfj m to Sojjereye, & flowe & barnde 
 
 vaste, 
 l^ere pe kyng and ys fone hem mette atte lafte. 
 I^ere was batayle ftrong ynou yfmyte m an frowe. 
 pe godes kynjtes leye adoun as gras, wan medejj 
 
 mowe. 
 Heueden, (fiar were of yfmyte,) & ofier lymes alfo, 
 Flete in blode al fram pe grounde, ar J^e batayle 
 
 were ydo. 
 Wanne J>at blod stod al abrod, vas f»er gret wo y 
 
 nou. 
 Nys yt reu}?e vorto hure, J?at me fo vole flou? 
 Ac our fuete Louerd atte lafte llewede ys fuete 
 
 grace, 
 
 « 18
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 And fende JJC Criftyne Englyffe men pe mayftrye 
 
 in pe place, 
 And )7e hcfiene men of Denemarch byne)Je were 
 
 echon. 
 Nou nas j^er gut m Denemarch Criftendom non ; 
 Jje kyng her after to holy chyrche ys herte pt 
 
 more drou, 
 And tejjejede wel & al ys lond, as hii ajte, wel 
 
 y nou. 
 Seyn Swythyn at Wyncheftre byflbp po was, 
 And Alcfton at Syreboume, J>at amendede muche 
 
 Jjys cas. 
 p& kyng was wel pe betere man {joru her beyre 
 
 red, 
 Tuenty wynter he was kyng, ar he were ded. 
 At Wyncheftre he was ybured, as he ^ut Ijp 
 
 jjere, 
 Hys tueye fones he jef ys lond, as he byjet ham 
 
 ere. 
 Adelbold, the eldore, pQ kynedom of Eftfex, 
 And fujjjje Adelbiygt, Kent and Weftfex. 
 Eyjte hondred jer yt was and feuene and fyfty 
 
 al fo, 
 After f>at God aner)?e com, {^at Jjys dede was ydo. 
 Bojje hii wufte by her tyme wel her kynedom, 
 At pe vyfte jer Adelbold out of jjys lyue nome. 
 At Sfyrebourne he was ybured, & ys brojjer Adel- 
 biygt 
 His kynedom adde after hym, as lawe was and 
 
 By ys daye pe verde com of Jje hejjene men wel 
 
 prout, 
 And Hamteffyre and deftrude Wynchestre al out. 
 And that lond folc of Hamteifyre her red ]50 
 
 nome 
 And of Barcllyre, and fojte and fe flrewen ouer- 
 
 come. 
 Adelbryjt was kyng of Kentjeres folle tene. 
 And of Weftfex bote vyue, Jjo he deyde ych wene. 
 
 A DELRED was after hym kyn^ y mad in the 
 
 place, 
 Eyjhte hondred & feuene & fyxty as in the jer 
 
 of grace. 
 pc vorfte Jer of ys kynedom fie Deneys Jjycke 
 
 com, 
 And robbede and deftrude, and cytes vafte nome. 
 
 Mayftres hii adde oi ner oft, as yt were duke8» 
 
 tueye, 
 Hynguar and Hubba, Jjat IFrewen were beye. 
 In Eft Angle hii byleuede, to reft hem as yt 
 
 were, 
 Myd her oft al pe wynter, of the ^'orft ^ere, 
 pe ojjer jer hii dude hem voi|), & ouer Homber 
 
 come. 
 And flowe to grounde & barnde, & Euerwyk nome. 
 f>er was batayle ftrong y nou, vor yflawe was fere 
 Ofryc kyng of Homberlond, & monye ffat with hym 
 
 were. 
 J?o Homberlond was |?us yftend, hii wende & 
 
 tounes nome. 
 So j^at atte lafte to Eftangle ajen hym come. 
 per hii barnde & robbede, and f>at folc to grounde 
 I flowe. 
 
 And, as wolues among ffep, reulych hem todrowe. 
 Seynt Edmond was fo her kyng & fo he fey fat 
 
 deluol cas 
 fat me morf rede fo fat folc, & non amendement 
 
 nas, 
 He ches leuere to deye hymfulf, fat fuch forowe 
 
 to yfey. 
 He dude hym vorf among hys fon, nolde heno- 
 
 thyg fle. 
 Hii nome hym & fccurged hym, & fuffe naked hyrn 
 
 bounde 
 To a tre, & to hym flbte, & made hym mony ar 
 
 wounde, 
 bat f e arewe were on hym f f ycce, fat no ftede 
 [ nas byleuede. 
 
 Atte lafte hii martred hym, and fmyte of ys heued. 
 f e fyxte jer of f e crounement of Aldered the' 
 
 kyng 
 A nywe oft com into fys lond, gret f oru aller 
 
 And anon to Redynge robbede and flowe. 
 f e king and Alfred ys brof er nome men ynowe, 
 Mette hem, and a batayle fmyte vp Alfefdoune. 
 fer was mony moder chyld, fat fone lay fer 
 
 doune. 
 The batayle ylafte vorte nyjt, and fer were aflawe 
 Vyf dukes of Denemarch, ar hii wolde wyf 
 
 drawe, 
 And mony foufend of ofer men, & f o gonne hii 
 
 to fle ; 
 
 14
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Ac hii adde alle ybe alTend, Jyf |je nyjt nadde 
 
 y be. 
 Tueye batayles her after in ]>& fulf jere 
 Hii fmyte, and at holp&pe: iiefene mayftres were. 
 Jje kyng Adelred fone f^o f>en wey of dej' nome, 
 As yt vel, f»e vyfty jer of ys kynedom. 
 At Wynibourne he was ybured, as God jef Jjat 
 
 cas, 
 fe gode Alfred, ys brojjer, after hym kyng was. 
 
 A LFRED, ]?ys noble man, as in J^e jer of grace 
 
 he nom 
 Eygte hondred & fyxty & tuelue f»e kynedom. 
 Arft he adde at Rome ybe, & vor ys grete wyfdom, 
 pe pope Leon hym bleffede, po he jjuder com, 
 And J?e kynge's croune of hys lond, ]jat in fiys lond 
 
 3ut ys : 
 And he led hym to be kyng, ar he kyng were 
 
 yvvys, 
 An he was kyng of Engelond, of alle Ji'at J^er come, 
 pat vorft j?us ylad was of pS: pope of Rome, 
 An fujjjje ofier after hym of ps: erchebyflbpes 
 
 echon. 
 So J)at hyuor hym pore kyng nas jjer non. 
 In pe Souj^fyde of Temefe nyne batayles he nome 
 Ajen pc Deneys J^e vorft jer of ys kynedom. 
 Nye jer he was )?us in pjs lond in batayle & 
 
 in wo, 
 An ofte fyj^e aboue was, and bynej^e oftor mo; 
 So longe, fiat hym nere by leuede bote fire iFyren 
 
 in ys bond, 
 Hamteffyre, and Wylteifyre, and Somerfete, of al 
 
 ys lond. 
 A day as he wery was, and afuoddrynge hym nome 
 And ys men were ywend auyfiej', Seyn Cutbert to 
 
 hym com. 
 " Ich am," he feyde, " Cutbert, to p& ycham 
 
 ywend 
 " To brynge the gode tytynges. Fram God 
 
 ycham yfend. 
 " Vor fat folc of fys lond to fynne her wylle al 
 
 ^eue, 
 " And jut nolle herto her fynnes byleue 
 " Jjoru me & ofer halewen, fat in thys lond were 
 
 ybore; 
 " Than vor 50U byddeth God, wanne we beth hym 
 
 byuore, 
 
 " Hour Louerd myd ys eyen of milce on the 
 
 loketh theruore. 
 " And thy poer the wo!e jyue ajen, that thou aft 
 
 ney verlore. 
 " And that thou ther of foth yfe, thou flalt abbe 
 
 tokynynge. 
 " Vor thym men, jjat beth ago to day auyirynge, 
 " In lepes & in coufles fo muche vyfs hii fTolde 
 
 hym brynge, 
 " That ech man wondry flal of fo gret cacchynge. 
 " And the mor vor the liarde vorfte, that the water 
 
 yfrore hys, 
 " That the more ajen the kunde of vylTynge yt ys. 
 " Of ferue yt wel ajen God, and ylef me ys mef- 
 
 fager, 
 " And thou llall thy wylle abyde, as ycham ytold 
 
 her." 
 As thys kyng herof awoc, and of thys fyjte thojte, 
 H ys ylTares come to hym, & fo gret won of fyfs 
 
 hym brojte. 
 That wonder yt Mas, & namelyche vor the weder 
 
 was fo colde. 
 Tho lyuede the god man wel, that Seyn Cutbert 
 
 adde ytold. 
 In Deuenyffyre J?er after aryuede of Deneys 
 Thre and tuenty llypuol men, all ajen the peys, 
 The kynge's brother of Denemarch due of oft was. 
 Oure kynge's men of Engelond mette hem by cas. 
 And fmyte f er an batayle, and her gret due Jlowe, 
 '^nd evjte hondred & fourty men, & her caronyes 
 
 to drowe. 
 Iho kyng Alfred hurde thye, ys herte gladede tho, 
 That lond folc to hym come fo thyeke fo yt mj-jte 
 
 go, 
 Of Somerfete, of Wylteflyre, of HamtelTv e therto. 
 Euere as he wende, and otys owe folc al fo, 
 So that he odde poer ynou, and atte lafte hii come. 
 And a batayle at Edendone ajen the Deneys 
 
 nome. 
 And flowe to grounde, & wonne the mayftre of the 
 
 velde. 
 The kyng & ys grete duke bygonne hem to jelde 
 To the kyng Alfred to ys wylle, and oftages toke, 
 Vorto wende out ys lond, jyf he yt wolde loke; 
 And jut tlierto, vor ys loue, to auonge Cnstendom. 
 Kyng Gurmund, tl^ hexte kyng, vorft ther to 
 
 come. 
 
 15
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Kyng Alfred ys godfader was. & ybaptyfed ek 
 
 ther were 
 Thretty of her hexte dukes, and muche of that 
 
 folc f'ere 
 Kyng Alfred hem huld wyth hym tuelf dawes as 
 
 he hende, 
 And futhj^e he Jef hem large ^yftes, and let hym 
 
 wende. 
 Hii, that nolde Criftyn be, of lande flowe tho, 
 And byjonde fee in France dude wel muche wo. 
 Jut the Ifrewen come ajen, and muche wo here 
 
 wrojte. 
 Ac the kyng Alfred atte laste to iTame hem euere 
 
 brojte. 
 Kyng Alfred was the Avyfoft kyng, that long was 
 
 byuore. 
 Vor they me fegge the lawes beth in worre tyme 
 
 vorlore, 
 Nas yt nojt fo hiis daye, vor they he in worre 
 
 were,' 
 Lawes he made ryjtuollore, and ftrengore than er 
 
 were, 
 Clerc he was god ynou, and jut, as me telleth me. 
 He was more than ten jer old, ar be couthe ys 
 
 abece, 
 Ac ys gode moder ofte fmale Jyftes hym tok, 
 Vor to byleue other pie, and loky on ys boke. 
 So that by por clergye ys ryjt lawes he wonde, 
 That neuere er nere y mad, to gouerny ys lond. 
 And vor the worre was fo muche of the luther 
 
 Deneys, 
 The men of thys fulue lond were of the worfe 
 
 peys. 
 And robbede and flowe othere, theruor he 
 
 byuonde, 
 That ther were hondredes in eche contreye of ys 
 
 lond. 
 And in ech toune of the hondred a tethynge were 
 
 alfo, 
 And that ech man wythoute gret lond in tethynge 
 
 wero ydo, 
 And that ech man knewe other that in tethynge 
 
 lACre, 
 And wufte fomdel of her flat, jyf me thu vp hem 
 
 here. 
 So ftreyt he was, that they me ledde amydde 
 
 weyes heye 
 
 Seluer, that non man ne dorfte yt nyme, they he 
 
 yt feye. 
 Abbeys he rerde mony on, and mony ftudes ywys. 
 Ac Wyncheftrye he rerde on, that nywe munftre 
 
 ycluped ys. 
 Hys lyf eyjte and tuenty jer in ys kynedom 
 
 ylafte. 
 After ys deth he mos ybured at Wyncheftre atte 
 
 lafte. 
 
 Sir John Mandeville wrote, as he himself informs 
 us, in the fourteenth century, and his work, Avhich 
 comprising a relation of many different particulars, 
 consequently required the use of many words and 
 phrases, may be properly specified in this place. 
 Of the following quotations, I have chosen the first, 
 because it shows, in some measure, the state of 
 European science as well as of the English tongue ; 
 and the second, because it is valuable for the force 
 of thought and beauty of expression. 
 
 TN that lond, ne in many othere bezonde that, no 
 man may see the sterre transmontane, that is 
 clept the sterre of the see, that is unmevable, and 
 that is toward the Northe, that we clepen the lode 
 sterre. But men seen another sterre, the contrarie 
 to him, that is toward the Soutlie, that is clept 
 Antartyk. And right as the schip men taken here 
 avys here, and governe hem be the lode sterre, 
 right so don schip men bezonde the parties, be the 
 sterre of the Southe, the which sterre apperethe not 
 to us. And this sterre, that is toward the Northe, 
 that wee clepen the lode sterre, ne apperethe not to 
 hem. For whiche cause, men may wel perceyve, 
 that the londe and the see ben of rownde schapp 
 and forme. For the partie of the firmament 
 schewethe in o contree, that schewethe not in ano- 
 ther conti'ee. And men may well preven be expe- 
 rience and fotyle compassement of wytt, that zif a 
 man fond passages be schippes, that wolde go to 
 serchen the Morld, men myghte go be schippe alle 
 aboute the world, and aboven and benethen. The 
 whiche thing I prove thus, aftre that I have seyn. 
 For I have been toward the parties of Braban, and 
 beholden the Astrolabre, that the sterre that is 
 clept the transmontayne, is 53 degrees highe. 
 And more forthere in Almayne and Bewme, it 
 hathe 58 degrees. And more forthe toward the 
 parties septemtnoneles, it is 69, degrees of heghte, 
 and certyne mynutes. For I my self have mesured 
 it by the Astrolabre. Now schulle ze knowe that 
 
 16
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 azen the Transmontayne, is the tother sterre, that 
 is clept Antartyk ; as I have seyd before. And 
 tho 2 sterres ne nieeven nevere. And be hem 
 turnethe alle the firmament, righte as dothe a 
 wheel, that turnethe be his axille tree : so that tho 
 sterres beren the firmament in 2 egalle parties; 
 so that it hathe als mochel aboven, as it hath 
 benethen. Aftre this, I have gon toward the parties 
 meridionales, that is toward the Southe : and I 
 have founden that in Lybye, men seen first the 
 sterre Antartyk. And so fer I have gon more in 
 tho contrees, that I have founde that sterre more 
 highe; so that towarde the highe Lybye, it is 18 
 degrees of heghte, and certeyn minutes (of the 
 which, 60 minutes maken a degree) aftre goynge 
 be see and be londe, toward this contree, of tiiat I 
 have spoke, and to other yles and londes bezonde 
 that contree, I have founden the sterre Antartyk 
 of 33 degrees of heghte, and mo mynutes. And 
 zif I hadde had companye and schippynge, for to 
 go more bezonde, I trowe wel in certyn, that wee 
 scholde have seen alle the roundnesse of the firma- 
 ment alle aboute. For as I have seyd zou be forn, 
 the half of the firmament is between tho 2 sterres : 
 the whiche halfondelle I have seyn. And of the 
 tother halfondelle, I have seen toward the Northe, 
 undre the Transmontane 62 degrees and 10 
 mynutes ; and toward the partie meridionalle, I 
 have seen undre the Antartyk 33 degrees and 16 
 mynutes : and thanne the halfondelle of the firma- 
 ment in alle, ne holdethe not but 180 degrees. 
 And of tho 180, I have seen 62 on that o part, 
 and 33 on that other part, that ben 95 degrees, and 
 nyghe the halfondelle of a degree ; and so there ne 
 faylethe but that I have seen alle the firmament, 
 saf 84 degrees and the halfondelle of a degree; 
 and that is not the fourthe part of the firmament. 
 For the 4 partie of the roundnesse of the firma- 
 ment holt 90 degrees : so there faylethe but 5 
 degrees and an half of the fourthe partie. And 
 also I have seen the 3 parties of alle the round- 
 nesse of the firmament, and more zit 5 degrees and 
 an half. Be the whiche I seye zou certcynly, that 
 men may envirowne alle the erthe of alle the world, 
 as wel undre as aboven, and turnen azen to his 
 contree, that hadde companye and schippynge and 
 conduyt: and alle weyes he scholde fynde men, 
 londes, and yles, als wel as in this contree. For 
 zee wyten welle, that thei that ben toward the An- 
 tartyk, thei ben streghte, feet azen feet of hem, that 
 dwellen undre the transmontane ; als wel as wee 
 and thei that dwellyn undre us, been feet azenst 
 feet. For alle the parties of see and of lond han 
 
 here appositees, habitables or trepassables, and thei 
 of this half and bezond half. And wytethe wel, 
 that aftre that, that I may parceyve and compre- 
 hende, the londes of Prestre John, empcrour of 
 Ynde ben undre us. For in goynge from Scotlond 
 or from Englond toward Jerusalem, men gon up- 
 ward alweys. For oure lond is in the lowe partie 
 of the erthe, toward the West : and the lond oi 
 Prestre John is the low partie of the erthe, toward 
 the Est : and thei han there the day, whan wee have 
 the nyghte, and also highe to the contrarie, thei han 
 the nyghte, whan wee han the day. For the erthe 
 and the see ben of round forme and schapp, as I 
 have seyd beforn. And than that men gon upward 
 to o cost, men gon dounward to another cost. Also 
 zee have herd me seye, that Jerusalem is in the 
 myddes of the world ; and that may men preven 
 and schewen tiiere, be a spere, that is pighte in to 
 the erthe, upon the hour of mydday, whan it is 
 equenoxium, that schewethe no schadwe on no syde. 
 And that it scholde ben in the myddes of the world, 
 David wytnessethe it in the Psautre, where he 
 seythe, Deus operatus est salute in medio terre. 
 Thanne thei that parten fro the parties of the ^\'est 
 for to go toward Jerusalem, als many iorneyes as 
 thei gon upward for to go thidre, in als many 
 iorneyes may thei gon fro Jerusalem, unto other 
 confynyes of the superficialtie of the erthe bezonde. 
 And whan men go bezonde tho ioumeys, towai^le 
 Ynde and to the foreyn yles, alle is envyronynge 
 the roundnesse of the erthe and of the see, undre 
 oure contrees on this half. And therefore hathe it 
 befallen many tymes of o thing, that I have herd 
 cownted, whan I was zong ; how a worthi man de- 
 parted sometyme from our countrees, for to goserche 
 the worlde. And so he passed Ynde, and the yles 
 bezonde Ynde, where ben mo than .5000 yles : and 
 so longe he wente be see and lond, and so enviround 
 the world be many seysons, that he fond an yle, 
 where he herde speke his own langage, callynge on 
 oxen in the plowghe, suche wordes as men speken 
 to bestes in his owne contree : whereof he hadde 
 gret mervayle : for he knewe not how it myghte be. 
 But I seye, that he had gon so longe, be londe antl 
 be see, that he had envyround alle the erthe, that 
 he was comen azen envirounvn<ie, that is to seve, 
 goynge aboute, unto his owne marches, zif he wolde 
 have passed forthe, til he had founden his contree 
 and his owne knouleche. But he turned azen from 
 thens, from whens he was come fro ; and so he lost 
 moche peynesulle labour, as him self seyde, a gret 
 while after, that he Mas comen hom. For it befelle 
 aftre, that he w ente in to Norweye ; and there tem- 
 
 17
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 pest of the see toke him ; and he arryved in an yle ; 
 and whan he was in that yle, he knew wel, that it 
 was the yle where he had herd speke his owne Ian- 
 gage before, and the callynge of the oxen at tlie 
 plowghe : and that was possible thinge. But how 
 it seemethe to symple men unlerned, that men ne 
 mowe not go undre the erthe, and also that men 
 scholde falle toward the hevene, from undre ! But 
 that may not be, upon lesse, than wee mowe falle 
 toward hevene, fro the erthe, where wee ben. For 
 fro what partie of the erthe that men duelle, outher 
 aboven or benethen, it semethe alweyes to hem that 
 duellen, that thei gon more righte than ony other 
 folk. And righte as it semethe to us, that thei ben 
 undre us, righte so it semethe hem, that wee be,n 
 undre hem. For zif a man myghte falle fro the 
 erthe unto the firmament ; be grettere resoun, the 
 erthe and the see, that ben so grete and so hevy, 
 scholde fallen to the firmament : but that may not 
 be : and therfore seithe oure Lord God, Non timeas 
 me, qui suspendi terra ex nichilo ? And alle be it, 
 that it be possible thing, that men may so envy- 
 ronne alle the world, natheless of a 1000 persones, 
 on ne myghte not happen to returnen in to his con- 
 tree. For, for the grctnesse of the erthe and of the 
 see, men may go be a 1000 and a 1000 other 
 ■weyes, that no man cowde reyde him perfitely to- 
 ward the parties that he cam fro, but zif it were be 
 aventure and happ, or be the grace of God. For 
 the erthe is fuUe large and fulle gret, and holt in 
 roundnesse and aboute envyroun, be aboven and be 
 benethen 20425 myles, aftre the opynyoun of tiie 
 old wise astronomers. And here seyenges I re- 
 preve noughte. But aftre my lytylle wyt, it semethe 
 me, savynge here reverence, that it is more. And 
 for to have bettere understondynge, I seye thus, be 
 ther ymagyned a figure, that hathe a gret compas; 
 and aboute the poynt of the gret compas, that is 
 clept the centre, be made another litille compas : 
 than aftre, be the gret compas devised be lines in 
 manye parties ; and that alle the lynes meeten at the 
 centre; so that in als manye parties, as the grete 
 compas schal be departed, in als mayne, schalle be 
 departed the litille, that is aboute the centre, alle 
 be it, that the spaces ben lesse. Now thanne, be 
 the gret compas represented for the firmament, and 
 the litille compas represented for the erthe. Now 
 thanne the firmament is devysed, be astronomeres, 
 in 12 signes; and every signe is devysed in 30 de- 
 grees, that is 360 degrees, that the firmament hathe 
 aboven. Also, be the erthe devysed in als manye 
 parties, as the firmament ; and let every partye 
 answere to a degree of the firmament : and wytetlie 
 
 it wel, that aftre the auctoures of astronomye, 700 
 furlonges of erthe answeren to a degree of the firma- 
 ment ; and tho ben 87 miles and 4 furlonges. Now 
 be that here multiplyed be 360 sithes ; and than 
 thei ben 31500 myles, every of 8 furlonges, aftre 
 myles of oure contree. So moche hathe the erthe 
 in roundnesse, and of heghte enviroun, aftre my 
 opynyoun and myn undirstondynge. And zee 
 schulle undirstonde, that aftre opynyoun of olde 
 wise philosophres and astronomeres, our contree ne 
 Irelond ne Wales ne Scotlond ne Norweye ne the 
 other yles costynge to hem, ne ben not in the super- 
 ficyalte cownted aboven the erthe ; as it schewethe 
 be alle the bokes of astronomye. For the superfi- 
 cialtee of the erthe is departed in 7 parties, for the 
 7 planetes: and tho parties ben clept clymates. 
 And oure parties be not of the 7 clymates ; for thei 
 ben descendynge toward the West. And also these 
 yles of Ynde, which beth evene azenst us, beth 
 noght reckned in the clymates : for thei ben azenst 
 us, that ben in the lowe contree. And the 7 cly- 
 mates strecchen hem envyrounynge the world. 
 
 II. And I .John Maundeville knyghte aboveseyd, 
 (alle thoughe I be unworthi) that departed from our 
 con trees and passed the see, the zeer of grace 1322. 
 that have passed manye londes and manye yles and 
 contrees, and cerched manye fulle straunge places, 
 and have ben in manye a fulle gode honourable 
 companye, and at manye a faire dede of armes, 
 (alle be it that I dide none myself, for myn unable 
 insufiisance) now I am comen hom (mawgree my 
 self) to reste ; for gowtes, artetykes, that me dis- 
 treynen, tho diffynen tlie ende of my labour, azenst 
 my wille (God knowethe.) And thus takynge so- 
 lace in my wrecched reste, recordynge the tyme 
 passed, I have fulfilled thcise thinges and putte 
 hem wryten in this boke, as it wolde come in to my 
 mynde, the zeer of grace 1356 in the 34 zeer that I 
 departede from our contrees. Wherfore I preye to 
 alle the rederes and hereres of this boke, zif it plese 
 hem, that thei wolde preyen to God for me : and I 
 schalle preye for hem. And alle tho that seyn for 
 me a Pater noster, with an Ave Maria, that God 
 forzeve me my synnes, I make hem partneres and 
 graunte em part of alle the gode pilgrymages and of 
 alle the gode dedes, that I have don, zif ony be to 
 his plesance: and noghte only of tho, but of alle 
 that evere I schalle do unto my lyfes ende. And I 
 beseche Almyghty God, fro whom alle godenesse 
 and grace comethe fro, that he voucehsaf, of his ex- 
 cellent mercy and habundant grace, to fulle fylle 
 hire soules with inspiracioun of the Holy Gost, in 
 
 18
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 makynge defence of alle hire gostly enemyes here 
 in erthe, to hire salvacioun, both of body and soule; 
 to worschipe and thankynge of him, that is three 
 and on, withouten begynnynge and withouten end- 
 ynge ; that is, withouten qualitee, good, and with- 
 outen quantytee, gret ; that in alle places is present, 
 and alle thinges contenynge ; the whiche that no 
 goodnesse may amende, ne non evelle empeyre ; 
 that in perfeyte trynytee lyvethe and regnethe God, 
 be alle worldes and be alle tymes. Amen, Amen, 
 Amen. 
 
 The first of our authours, M-ho can be properly 
 said to have written English, was Sir Johti Gower, 
 who, in his Confession of a Lover, calls Chaucer his 
 disciple, and njay therefore be considered as the 
 fattier of our poetry. 
 
 TV OWE for to speke of the commune. 
 
 It is to dredeof that fortune. 
 Which hath befalle in sondrye londes : 
 But ofte for defaute of bondes 
 All sodeinly, er it be wist, 
 A tunne, when his lie arist 
 Tobreketh, and renneth all aboute^ 
 Which els shulde nought gone out. 
 And eke full ofte a littell skare 
 Vpon a bank, er men be ware. 
 Let in the streme, whiche with gret peine, 
 If any man it shall restreine. 
 Where lawe failleth, errour gi'oweth. 
 He is not wise, who that ne troweth. 
 For it hath proued oft er this. 
 And thus the common clamour is 
 In euery londe, where people dwelleth : 
 And eche in his complainte telleth, 
 How that the world eis miswent. 
 And thervpon his argument 
 Yeueth euery man in sondrie wise : 
 But what man wolde him selfe auise 
 His conscience, and nought misuse, 
 He maie well at the first excuse 
 His God, whiche euer stant in one. 
 In him there is defaute none 
 
 CHAUCER. 
 
 A LAS ! I wepyng am constrained to begin verse 
 of sorowfull matter, that whilom in florishyng 
 studie made delitable ditees. For lo ! rendyng muses 
 of Poetes editen to me thinges to be writen, and 
 drerie teres. At laste no drede ne might overcame 
 tho muses, that thei ne wcren fellowes, and folowe- 
 
 den 
 
 So must it stand vpon vs selue. 
 Nought only vpon ten ne twelue, 
 But plenarly vpon vs all. 
 For man is cause of that shall fall. 
 
 The history of our language is now brought to 
 the point at which the history of our poetiy is 
 generally supposed to commence, the time of the 
 illustrious Geoffry Chaucer, who may, perhaps, 
 with great justice, be stiled the first of our versi- 
 fiers who wrote poetically. He does not, however, 
 appear to have deserved all the praise which he has 
 received, or all the censure that he has suffered. 
 Dryden, who, mistaking genius for learning, and in 
 confidence of his abilities, ventured to write of what 
 he had not examined, ascribes to Chaucer the first 
 refinement of our numbers, the first production of 
 easy and natural rhymes, and the improvement of 
 our language, by words borrowed from the niore- 
 polished languages of the continent. Skinner con-- 
 trarily blames him in harsh terms for having 
 vitiated his native speech by whole cartloads of 
 foreign vords. But he that reads the works of 
 Gower will find smooth numbers and easy rhymes, 
 of which Chaucer is supposed to have been the in- 
 ventor, and the French words, whether good or 
 bad, of which Chaucer is charged as the importer. 
 Some innovations he might probably make, like 
 others, in the infancy of our poetry, which the 
 paucity of books does not allow us to discover with 
 particular exactness ; but the works of Gouer and 
 Lydgate sufficiently evince, that his diction was in 
 general like that of his contemporaries ; and some 
 improvements he undoubtedly made by the various 
 dispositions of his rhymes, and by the mixture of 
 different numbers, in which he seems to have been 
 happy and judicious. I have selected several 
 specimens both of his prose and vei-se ; and amongj 
 them, part of liis translation of Boetius, to which 
 another version, made in the time of queen 3Iary . 
 is opposed. It Avould be improper to quote verj' 
 sparingly an author of so much reputation, or to 
 make vei-y large extracts from a book so generally 
 known. 
 
 C O L V I L E. 
 
 T THAT in tyme of prosperite, and floryshyng 
 studye, made pleasaunte and delectable dities, 
 or verses : alas now beyng heauy and sad ouer- 
 thrown in aduersitie, am compelled to fele and tast 
 heuines and greif. Beholde the muses Poeticall, 
 that is to saye : the pleasure that is in poetes ver- 
 ses, 
 
 19
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 den my waie, that is to saie, when I was exiled, 
 thai that weren of my youth whilom welfuU and 
 srene, comforten now sorowfuU wierdes of me olde 
 man : for elde is comen unwarely upon me, hasted 
 by the harmes that I liave, and sorowe hath com- 
 niaunded his age to be in me. Heres hore aren shad 
 overtimeliche upon my hed : and the slacke skinne 
 tremblethe of mine empted bodie. Thilke deth of 
 men is welefull, that he ne conieth not in yeres that 
 be swete, but cometh to wretches often icleped ! 
 Alas ! alas ! with how defe an ere deth cruell turn- 
 eth awaie fro wretches, and naieth for to close 
 wepyng eyen. While fortune unfaithful! favoured 
 me with light godes, that sorowfuU houre, that is 
 to saie, the deth, had almoste drent myne hedde : 
 but now for fortune cloudie hath chaunged her de- 
 cevable chere to mewarde, myne unpitous life draw- 
 eth along ungreable dwellynges. O ye my frendes, 
 what, or whereto avaunted ye me to ben welfull ? 
 For he that hath fallin, stode in no stedfast degre. 
 
 ■fN the mean while, that I still record these thynges 
 -with my self, and marked my wepelie complainte 
 with office of poinctell : I saugh stondyng aboven 
 the hight of myn hed a woman of full grete reve- 
 rence, by semblaunt. Her eyen brennyng, and 
 clere, seyng over the common might of menne, with 
 a lively colour, and with soche vigour and strength 
 that it ne might not be nempned, all were it so, that 
 she were full of so grete age, that menne woulden 
 not trowen in no manere, that she Mere of our elde. 
 The stature of her was of doutous Judgemente, 
 for sometyme she constrained and shronke her sel- 
 ven, like to the common mesure of menne : And 
 sometyme it seemed, that she touched the heven 
 with the hight of her hedde. AikI when she hove 
 her hedde higher, she pcrced the self heven, so that 
 
 the 
 
 ses, do appoynt me, and compel me to writ these 
 verses in meter, and the sorrowfuU verses do wet 
 my wretched face with very waterye teares, yssu- 
 inge out of my eyes for sorowe. Whiche muses no 
 feare without doute could ouercome, but that they 
 wold folow me in my iourney of exile or banish- 
 ment. Sometyme the ioye of happy and lusty 
 delectable youth dyd comfort me, and nowe the 
 course of sorowfuU olde age causeth me to reioyse. 
 For hasty old age vnloked for is come vpon me with 
 al her incommodities and euyls, and sorowe hath 
 commaunded and broughte me into the same old 
 age, that is to say : that sorow e causeth me to be 
 olde, before my time come of olde age. The hoer 
 heares do growe vntimely vpon my heade, and my 
 reuiled skynne trembleth my flesh, cleane consumed 
 and wasted with sorowe. Mannes death is happy, 
 that cometh not in youth, when a man is lustye, 
 and in pleasure or welth : but in time of aduersitie, 
 when it is often desyred. Alas Alas howe dull and 
 deffe be the cares of cruel death vnto men in misery 
 that would fayne dye : and yet refusythe to come 
 and shutte vp theyr carefuU wepyng eyes. Whiles 
 that false fortune fauoryed me M'ith her transitorye 
 goodes, then the howre of death had almost ouer- 
 come me. That is to say, deathe was redy to op- 
 presse me when I was in prosperitie. Nowe for 
 by cause that fortune beynge turned, from prospe- 
 ritie into aduersitie (as the clere day is darkyd with 
 cloudes) and hath chaungyd her deceyuable counte- 
 naunce ; my wretched life is yet prolonged, and 
 doth continue in dolour. O my frendes, why haue 
 you so often hosted me, sayinge that I was happy 
 when I had honour possessions riches, and autho- 
 ritie whych be transitory thynges. He that hatli 
 fallen was in no stedefast degre. 
 
 T^HYLES that I considerydde pryuylye with 
 my selfe the thynges before sayd, and de- 
 scrybed my wofuU complaynte after the maner and 
 ofiyce of a wrytter, me thought I sawe a woman 
 stand ouer my head of a reuerend countenaunce, 
 hauyng quycke and glysteryng clere eye, aboue the 
 common sorte of men in lyuely and delectable 
 coloure, and ful of strength, although she semed so 
 olde by no meanes she is thought to be one of this 
 oure tyme, her stature is of douteful knowledge, 
 for nowe she shewethe herselfe at the common 
 length or statur of men, and other whiles she 
 semeth so high, as though she touched heuen with 
 the crown of her hed. And when she wold stretch 
 fourth her hed hygher, it also perced thorough 
 heauen, so that mens sygnt coulde not attaine to 
 
 behold 
 
 I Oft
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 the sight of menne lokyng was in ydell : her clothes 
 wer maked of right delie "thredes, and subtel craft of 
 perdurable matter. The whiche clothes she liad 
 woven with her own handes, as I knewe well after 
 by her self declaryng, and shewyng to me the 
 beautie : The whiche clothes a darknesse of a 
 forleten and dispised elde had dusked and darked, 
 as it is wonte to darke by smoked images. 
 
 In the netherest hemme and border of these 
 clothes menne redde iwoven therein a Grekishe A. 
 that signifieth the life active, and above that letter, 
 in the hiest bordure, a Grekishe C. that signilieth 
 the life contemplatife. And betwene these two 
 letters there were seen degrees nobly wrought, in 
 maner of ladders, by whiche degrees menne might 
 climben from the netherest letter to the upperest : 
 nathelesse handes of some men hadden kerve that 
 clothe, by violence or by strength, and everiche 
 manne of 'hem had borne awaie soche peces, as he 
 might getten. And forsothe this forsaied woman 
 bare smale bokes in her right hande, and in her 
 lefte hande she bare a scepter. And when she 
 sawe these Poetical 1 muses approchyng about my 
 bed, and endityng wordes to my wepynges, she 
 was a little amoved, and glowed with cruell eyen. 
 Who (qS she) hath suffered approchen to this sike 
 manne these commen strompettes, of which is the 
 place that menne callen Theatre, the whiche onely 
 ne asswagen not his sorowes with remedies, but thei 
 would feden and norishe hym with swete venime ? 
 Forsothe, that ben tho that with thornes, and 
 prickynges of talentes of affeccions, Mhiche that 
 ben nothyng fructuous nor profitable, distroien 
 the Come, plentuous of fruites of reson. For thei 
 holden hertes of men in usage, but thei ne deliver 
 no folke fro maladie. But if ye muses had with- 
 drawen fro me with your flatteries any unconnyng 
 and unprofitable manne, as ben wonte to finde com- 
 menly emong the peple, I would well sufFre the 
 lasse grevously. For why, in soche an unprofitable 
 man myne ententes were nothyng endamaged. But 
 ye withdrowen fro me this man, that hath ben 
 nourished in my studies or scoles of Eleaticis, and 
 of Academicis in Grece. But goeth now rather 
 awaie ye Mermaidens, whiche that ben SMete, till it 
 be at the last, and sutfreth this man to be cured and 
 heled by my muses, that is to say, by my notefull 
 sciences. And thus this companie of muses iblamed 
 castcn wrothly the chere downward to the yerth, 
 and shewing by rednesse ther shame, thei passeden 
 sorowfuUy the thresholde. And I of whom the 
 sight plounged in teres was darked, so tliat I ne 
 might not know what that woman was, of so Im 
 
 perial I 
 
 behold her. Her vestures or cloths were perfyt of 
 the finyste thredes, and subtyll workemanshyp, and 
 of substaunce permanent, whych vestures she had 
 vvouen with her own hands as I perceyued after by 
 her owne saiynge. The kynde or beawtye of the 
 whyche vestures, a certayne darkcnes or ratiier 
 ignorance of oldenes forgotten hadde obscuryd and 
 darkened, as the smoke is wont to darken images 
 that stand nyghe the smoke. In the lower part of 
 the said vestures was read the Greke letter P. 
 wouen whych signifyeth practise or actyffe, and in 
 the hygher parte of the vestures the Greke letter T. 
 whych estandeth for theorica, that signifyeth spe- 
 culacion or contemplation. And betwene both the 
 sayd letters Mere sene certayne degrees, wrought 
 after the manor of ladders, wherein was as it were a 
 passage or waye in steppes or degrees from the 
 lower part wher the letter P. was which is vnder- 
 stand from practys or actyf, unto the hygher parte 
 wher the letter T. was whych is vnderstand specu- 
 lacion or contemplacion. Neuertheles the handes 
 of some vyolente persones had cut the sayde ves- 
 tures and had taken awaye certayne pecis thereof, 
 such as euery one coulde catch. And she her selfe 
 dyd bare in her ryght hand litel bokes, and in her 
 lefte hande a scepter, which foresayd phylosophy 
 (when she saw the muses poetycal present at my 
 bed, spekyng sorowfuU wordes to my wepynges) 
 beyng angry sayd (with terrible or frownynge coun- 
 tenaunce) who suflTred these crafty harlottes to com 
 to thys sycke man? whych can help hym by no 
 means of hys griefe by any kind of medicines, but 
 rather increase the same with swete poyson. These 
 be they that doo dystroye the fertile and plentious 
 commodytyes of reason and the fruytes therof wyth 
 their pryckynge thornes, or barren aflectes, and 
 accustome or subdue mens myndes with sickenes, 
 and heuynes, and do not delyuer or heale them of 
 the same. But yf your flatterye had conueyed or 
 withdrawen from me, any vnlernyd man as the 
 comen sorte of people are wonte to be, I coulde 
 haue ben better contentyd, for in that my worke 
 shoulde not be hurt or hynderyd. But you haue 
 taken and conueyed from me thys man that hatli 
 ben broughte vp in the studyes of Aristotel and of 
 Plato. But yet get you hence maremaids (that 
 seme swete untyll you haue brought a man to 
 deathe) and suffer me to heale thys my man vyth 
 my muses or scyences that be holsome and good. 
 And after that piiilosophy had spoken these wordes 
 the sayd companye of the musys poeticall beynge 
 rebukyd and sad, caste doMn their countenaunce to 
 the grounde, and by blussyng confessed their 
 
 shamfastness 
 21
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 perial aucthoritie, I woxe all abashed and stonied, 
 and cast my sight doune to the yerth, and began 
 still for to abide what she would doen afterward. 
 Then came she nere, and set her doune upon the 
 utterest corner of my bed, and she beholdyng my 
 chere, that was cast to the yerth, hevie and 
 grevous of wepyng, complained with these words 
 (that I shall saine) the perturbacion of my 
 tliought. 
 
 The conclusions of the Astrolabie. 
 
 This book, (written to his son in the year of our 
 Lord 1391, and in the 14 of King Richard II.) 
 standeth so good at this day, especially for the 
 horizon of Oxford, as in the opinion of the 
 learned it cannot be amended, says an Edit, of 
 Chaucer. 
 
 ¥ YTEL Lowys my sonne, I perceve well by 
 certaine evidences thyne abylyte to lerne 
 scyences, touching nombres and proporcions, and 
 also well consydre I thy besye prayer in especyal 
 to leme the tretyse of the astrolabye. Than for as 
 moche as a philosopher saithe, he wrapeth liym in 
 his frende, that condiscendeth to the ryghtfull 
 prayers of his frende : therfore I have given the a 
 sufticient astrolabye for our orizont, compowned 
 after the latitude of Oxenforde : upon the whiche 
 by mediacion of this lytell tretise, I purpose to 
 teche the a certaine nombre of conclusions, per- 
 tainynge to this same instrument. I say a certaine 
 nombre of conclusions for thre causes, the first 
 cause is this. Truste wel that al the conclusions 
 that have be founden, or ells possiblye might be 
 founde in so noble an instrument as in the astro- 
 labye, ben unknowen perfitely to anye mortal man 
 in this region, as I suppose. Another cause is this, 
 that sothely in any cartes of the astrolabye that I 
 have ysene, ther ben some conclusions, that wol 
 not in al thinges perfourme ther behestes ; and 
 some of 'hem ben to harde to thy tender age of ten 
 yere to conceve. This tretise divided in five partes, 
 wil I shewe the wondir light rules and naked wordes 
 in Englishe, for Latyne ne canst thou nat yet but 
 smale, my litel sonne. But neverthelesse suffiseth 
 to the these trewe conclusions in Englishe, as well 
 as suffiseth to these noble clerkes Grekes tliese same 
 conchisyons in Greke, and to the Arabines in 
 Arabike, and to the Jewes in Hebrewe, and to the 
 Latin folke in Latyn : whiche Latyn folke had 'hem 
 
 shamfastnes, and went out of the dores. But 1 
 (that had my syght dull and blynd wyth wepyng, 
 so that I knew not what woman this was hauing 
 soo great aucthoritie) was amasyd or astonyed, and 
 lokyng downeward, towarde the grounde, I began 
 pryvylye to look what thyng she would saye fer« 
 ther, then she had said. Then she approching and 
 drawynge nere vnto me, sat downe «pon the vtter* 
 most part of my bed, and lokyng vpon my face sad 
 with weping, and declynyd toward the earth for 
 sorow, bewayled the trouble of my minde wyth 
 these sayinges folowynge. 
 
 firste out of other divers langages, and write 'hem 
 in ther owne tongue, that is to saine in Latine. 
 
 And God wote that in all these langages and in 
 manye mo, have these conclusyons ben sufficientlye 
 lerned and taught, and yet by divers rules, right as 
 divers pathes leden divers folke the right waye to 
 Rome. 
 
 Now wol I pray mekely every person discrete, 
 that redcth or hereth this lityl tretise to have my 
 rude ententing excused, and my superfluite of 
 wordes, for two causes. The first cause is, for that 
 curious endityng and harde sentences is ful hevy at 
 ones, for soch a childe to lerne. And the seconde 
 cause is this, that sothely me semeth better to wri- 
 ten unto a childe twise a gode sentence, that he 
 foriete it ones. And, Lowis, if it be so that I 
 shewe the in my lith Englishe, as trewe conclusions 
 touching this mater, and not only as trewe but as 
 many and subtil conclusions as ben yshewed in 
 Latin, in any comon tretise of the astrolabye, conne 
 me the more thanke, and praye God save the kinge, 
 that is lorde of this langage, and all that him saith 
 bereth, and obeieth everiche in his degree, the more 
 and the lasse. But consydreth well, that I ne 
 usurpe not to have founden this werke of my labour 
 or of myne engin. I n'ame but a leude compilatour 
 of the laboure of olde astrologiens, and have it 
 translated in myn Englishe onely for thy doctrine: 
 and with this swerde shal I slene envy. 
 
 The first party. 
 
 The first partye of this tretise shal reherce the 
 figures, and the membres of thyne astrolaby, bycause 
 that thou shalt have the greter knowinge of thine 
 owne instrument. 
 
 The seconde party. 
 
 The seconde partye shal teche the to werken the 
 very practike of the foresaid conclusions, as ferforthe 
 and also narowe as may be shewed in so smale an 
 
 22
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 instrument portatife aboute. For well wote every 
 astrologien, that smallest fractions ne wol not be 
 shewed in so smal an instrument, at in subtil tables 
 calculed for a cause. 
 
 The Prologue of the Testament of LOVE. 
 
 T^7\.NY men ther ben, that with eres openly 
 -^"-'- sprad so moche swallowen the deliciousnesse 
 of jestes and of ryme, by queint knittinge coloures, 
 that of the godenesse or of the badnesse of the sen- 
 tence take they litel hede or else none. 
 
 Sothelye dulle witte and a thoughtfulle soule so 
 sore have mined and graffed in my spirites, that 
 soche craft of enditinge woU nat ben of mine 
 acquaintance. And for rude wordes and boistous 
 percen the herte of the herer to the inrest point, 
 and planten there the sentence of thinges, so tliat 
 with litel helpe it is able to spring, this boke, 
 that nothinge hath of the grete flode of wytte, ne of 
 semelyche colours, is dolven with rude wordes and 
 boistous, and so drawe togiSer to maken the 
 catchers therof ben the more redy to hent sentence. 
 
 Some men there ben, that painten with colours 
 riche and some with wers, as with red inke, and 
 some with coles and chalke : and yet is there gode 
 matter to the leude peple of thylke chalkye pur- 
 treyture, as 'hem thinketh for the time, and after- 
 ward the syght of the better colours yeven to 'hem 
 more joye for the first leudenesse. So sothly this 
 leude clowdy pccupacyon is not to prayse, but 
 by the leude, for comenly leude leudenesse com- 
 inendeth. Eke it shal yeve sight that other 
 precyous thynges shall be the more in rever- 
 ence. In Latin and French hath many sove- 
 raine wittes had grete delyte to endite, and have 
 mady noble thinges fulfilde, but certes there ben 
 some that speken ther poise mater in Frenche, 
 of whiche speche the Frenche men have as gode a 
 santasye as we have in heryng of Frenche mens 
 Englishe. And many termes there ben in Englyshe, 
 whiche unneth we Englishe men connen declare 
 the knowleginge ; howe should than a Frenche man 
 borne? soche termes connejumpere in his matter, 
 but as the jay chatereth Englishe. Right so truely 
 the understandyn of Englishmen woU not stretche 
 to the privie termes in Frenche, what so ever we 
 bosten of straunge langage. Let then clerkes enditen 
 in Latin, for they have the propertie of science and 
 the knowinge in that facultie : and let Frenche men 
 in ther Frenche also enditen ther queint termes, for it 
 is kyndely to ther mouthes; and let us shewe our fan- 
 tasies in such wordes as we lerneden of our dame's 
 tonge. And although this boke be lytel thank worthy 
 for the leudenesse in travaile, yet soch writing exiten 
 
 men to thilke thinges that ben necessarie; for every 
 man thereby may as by a perpetual myrrour sene the 
 vices or vertues of other, in whyche thynge lightly 
 may be conceved to eschue perils, and necessaries 
 to catch, after as aventures have fallen to other peple 
 or persons. 
 
 Certes the soverainst thinge of desire and most 
 creture resonable, have or els shuld have full appe 
 tite to ther perfeccyon : unresonable bestes mowen 
 not, sithe reson hath in 'hem no workinge : than 
 resonable that wol not, is comparisoned to unreson- 
 able.. and made lyke "hem. Forsothe the most 
 soveraine and finall perfeccion of man is in know- 
 ynge of a sothe, vAithouten any entent decevable, and 
 in love of one very God, that is inchaungeable, that 
 is to knowe, and love his creatour. 
 
 Nowe principally the mene to brynge in know- 
 leging and lovynge his creatour, is the consideracyon 
 of thynges made by the creatour, wher through by 
 thylke thinges that ben made, understandynge here 
 to our wyttes, arne the unsene pryvities of God 
 made to us syghtfuU and knowinge, in our contem- 
 placion and understondinge. These thinges than 
 forsothe moche bringen us to the ful knowleginge 
 sothe, and to the parfyte love of the maker of 
 hevenly thmges. Lo ! David saith : thou hast 
 delited me in makinge, as who saith, to have delite 
 in the tune how God hat lent me in consideracion 
 of thy makinge. Wherof Aristotle in the boke de 
 Animalibus, saith to naturell philosophers : it is a 
 grete likynge in love of knowinge ther cretoure : 
 and also in knowinge of causes in kindelye thynges, 
 ccnsidrid forsothe the formes of kyndelye thynges 
 and the shap, a gret kyndelye love we shulde have 
 to the vverkman that 'hem made. The crafte of a 
 werkman is shewed in the werk. Herefore trulie 
 the philosophers with a lyvely studie manie noble 
 thinges, righte precious, and worthy to memorye, 
 writen, and by a gret swet and travaille to us 
 laften of causes the properties in natures of thinges, 
 to whiche therfore philosophers it was more joy, 
 more lykinge, more herty lust in kindely vertues and 
 matters of reson the perfeccion by busy study to 
 knowe, than to have had all the ti-esour, al the 
 richesse, al the vaine glory, that the passed empe- 
 rours, princes, or kinges hadden. Therfore the 
 names of 'hem in the boke of perpetuall memorie in 
 verlue and pece arne writen ; and in the contrarie, 
 that is to in Styxe the foule pitte of helle arne 
 thilke pressed that soch godenes hated. And 
 bicause this boke shall be of love, and the prune 
 causes of stering in that doinge with passions and 
 diseses for wantinge of desire, I will that this boke 
 be cleped the testament of love.
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 But nowe thou reder, who is thilke that will not 
 in scorne laughe, to here a dwarfe or els halfe a 
 man, say he will reiide out the swerde of Hercules 
 handes, and also he shulde set Hercules Gades a 
 mile yet ferther, and over that he had power of 
 strength to pull up the spere, that Alisander the 
 noble myght never wagge, and that passinge al 
 thinge to ben mayster of Fraunce by might, there 
 as the noble gracious Edwarde the thirde tor al his 
 grete prowesse in victories ne might al yet con- 
 quere ? 
 
 Certes I wote well, ther shall be made more 
 scorne and jape of me, that I so unworthely clothed 
 altogither in the cloudie cloude of unconning, wil 
 pntten me in prees to speke of love, or els of the 
 causes in tliat matter, sithen al the grettest clerkes 
 han had ynough to don, and as who saith gathered 
 up clene toforne 'hem, and with ther sharp sithes of 
 conning al mowen and made therof grete rekes and 
 noble, ful of al plenties to fede me and many an 
 other. Envye forsothe commendeth noughte his 
 reson, that he hath in hain, be it never so trusty. 
 And although these noble repers, as gode workmen 
 and worthy ther hier, han al draw and bounde up 
 in the sheves, and made many shockes, yet have I 
 ensample to gaSer the smale crommes, and fullin 
 ma walet of tho that failed from the bourde among 
 the smalle houndes, not\\ithstanding the travaile of 
 the almoigner, that hath draw up in the cloth al the 
 remissailes, as trenchours, and the relefe to here to 
 the almesse. Yet also heve I leve of the noble 
 husbande Boece, although I be a straunger of con- 
 ninge to come after his doctrine, and these grete 
 workmen, and glene my handfuls of the shedynge 
 after ther handes, and yf me faile ought of my ful, 
 to encrese my porcion with that I shall drawe by 
 privyties out of shockes ; a slye servaunte in his 
 owne helpe is often moche commended ; knowynge 
 of trouthe in causes of thynges, Mas more hardier in 
 the firste sechers, and so sayth Aristotle, and lighter 
 in us that han folowed after. For ther passing 
 study han freshed our wittes, and oure understand- 
 ynge han excited in consideracion of trouth by 
 sharpenes of ther resons. Utterly these thinges be 
 no dremes ne japes, to throwe to hogges, it is 
 lyfelych mete for children of trouth, and as they me 
 betiden whan I pilgramed out of my kith in wintere, 
 whan the wether out of mesure was boistous, and 
 the wyld wynd Boreas, as his kind asketh, -with 
 dryinge coldes maked the wawes of the ocean se so 
 to arise unkindely over the commune bankes that 
 It was in point to spill all the erthe. 
 
 The Prologues of the Canterbury Tales of 
 CHAUCER, from the MSS. 
 
 IITHEN that Aprilis with his shouris sote, 
 
 The drought of March had percid to the rote, 
 And bathid everj' veyn in such licour. 
 Of which vertue engendrid is tlie flour. 
 When Zephyrus eke, with his swete breth 
 Enspirid hath, in every holt and heth 
 The tender croppis ; and that the yong Sunn 
 Hath in the Ramm his halv^ cours yrunn : 
 And smale foulis makin melodye, 
 That slepin all^ night with opin eye, 
 (So prickith them nature in ther corage) 
 Then longin folk to go on pilgrimage : 
 And palmers for to sekin Strang^ strondes, 
 To servin hallowes couth in sondry londes : 
 And specially fro every shir'is end 
 Of England, to Canterbury they wend, 
 The holy blisfuU martyr for to seke. 
 That them hath holpin, whan that they were seke. 
 
 Befell that in that seson on a day 
 In Southwerk at the Tabberd as I lay, 
 Redy to wendin on my pilgrimage 
 To Canterbury, with devote corage. 
 At night wer come into that hostery 
 We\e nine and twenty in a cumpany 
 Of sundrie folk, by aventure yfall 
 In felaship : and pilgrimes wer they all : 
 That toward Canterbury wouldin ride. 
 
 The chambers and the stablis werin wide, 
 And well we werin esid at the best : 
 And shortly whan the sunn^ was to rest, 
 So had I spokin with them everych one. 
 That I was of ther felaship anone ; 
 And mad^ forward erli for to rise. 
 To take our weye, ther as I did devise. 
 
 But nathless while that I have time and space, 
 Er' that I farther in this tale pace, 
 Methinkith it accordaunt to reson, 
 To tell you all^ the condition 
 Of ech of them, so as it semid me, 
 And which they werin, and of what degree, 
 And eke in what array that they wer in ; 
 And at a knight then woll I first begin. 
 
 The Knight. 
 
 A knight ther was, and that a worthy man, 
 That fro^'the tim^ that he first began 
 To ridin out, he lovid Chevalrie, 
 Trouth and honour, fredome and curtesy. 
 Full worthy was he in his lordis werre. 
 And thereto had he riddin nane more ferr» 
 
 34
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 As well in Christendom, as in Hethncss ; 
 And evyr honoured for his worthiness. 
 
 At Alessandre he was whan it was won ; 
 Full oft timis he had the bord begon 
 Abovin all^ naciouns in Pruce ; 
 In Lettow had he ridden, and in Luce, 
 No Christen-man so oft of his degree 
 In Granada ; in the sege had he be 
 Of Algezir, and ridd in Belmary ; 
 At Leyis was he, and at Sataly, 
 Whan that they wer won ; and in the grete see 
 At many 'a noble army had he be : 
 At mortal battails had he ben fiftene, 
 And foughtin for our feith at Tramesene, 
 In listis thrys, and alwcy slein his fo. 
 
 This ilke worthy knight had been also 
 Sometiniis with the lord of Palathy, 
 Ayens anothir hetliin in Turky ; 
 And evirmore he had a sov'rane prize ; 
 And though that he was worthy, he was wise ; 
 And of his port as meke as is a maid, 
 Ne nevir yet no villany he said 
 In all his life unto no manner wight : 
 He was a very parfit gentil knight. 
 But for to tellin you of his array, 
 Hifi hors wer good ; but he ^vas nothing gay, 
 Of fustian he werid a gipon, 
 All^ besmottrid with his haburgeon. 
 For he was late ycome from his viage, 
 And went^ for to do his pilgi'image. 
 
 The House of FAME. 
 
 The First Boke. 
 
 jVOW herken, as I have you saied, 
 What that I mette or I abraied, 
 Of December the tenith dale. 
 When it was night, to slepe I laic, 
 Right as I was wont for to doen. 
 And fill aslep^ wondir sone. 
 As he that was werie forgo 
 On pilgrimage mills two 
 To the corps of sainct Leonarde, 
 To makin lith that erst was harde. 
 But as me slept me mette I was 
 Within a ten^le' imade of glas, 
 In whiche there werin mo images 
 Of golde, standyng in sondrie stages^ 
 Sette in mo riche tabirnacles. 
 And with perr^ m.o pinnacles. 
 And mo curious portraituris, 
 And queint manir of figuris 
 Of golde worke, then I sawe evir. 
 
 But certainly I n'ist nevir 
 Where that it was, but well wist I 
 It was of Venus redily 
 This temple, for in purtreiture 
 I sawe anone right her figure 
 Nakid yfletyng in a se. 
 And also on her hedde parde 
 Her rosy garland white and redde, 
 And her combe for to kembe her hedde, 
 Her dovis, and Dan Cupido 
 Her bllnd^ sonne, and Vulcano, 
 That in his face ywas full broune. 
 
 But as I romid up and doune, 
 I founde that on the wall there was 
 Thus writtin on a table' of bras. 
 
 I woU now syng, if that I can, 
 The armis, and also the man, 
 That first came through his destine 
 Fugitife fro Troye the countre 
 Into Itaile, with full moche pine, 
 Unto the strondis of La vine, 
 And tho began the storie' anone, 
 As I shall tellin you echone. 
 
 First sawe I the distruccion 
 Of Troie, thorough the Greke Sinon, 
 With his false untrue forswerynges. 
 And with his chere and his lesynges, 
 That made a horse, brought into Troye, 
 By whiche Trojans loste all their joye. 
 
 And aftir this was graved, alas! 
 How Ilions castill assailed was. 
 And won, and kyng Priamus slain, 
 And Polites his sonne certain, 
 Dispitously of Dan Pyrrhus. 
 
 And next that sawe I howe Venus, 
 When that she sawe the castill brende, 
 Doune from hevin she gan discende, 
 And bade her sonne jEneas fle. 
 And how he fled, and how that he 
 Escapid was from all the pres, 
 And toke his fathre', old Anchises, 
 And bare hym on his back awaie, 
 Crying alas and Avelawaie ! 
 The whiche Anchises in his hande, 
 Bare tho the goddis of the lande 
 I mene thilke that unbrennid were. 
 Then sawe I next that all in fere 
 How Creusa, Dan JLneas wife, 
 Whom that he lovid all his life, 
 And her yong sonne clepid Julo, 
 And eke Ascanius also, 
 Fleddin eke, with full drerie chere, 
 That it was pile for to here,
 
 THE HISTORY 0¥ THE 
 
 And in a forest as thei went 
 
 How at a tournyng of a went 
 
 Creusa was iloste, alas ! 
 
 That rede not I, how that it was 
 
 How he her sought, and how her ghoste 
 
 Bad hyni to flie the Grekis hoste, 
 
 And saied he must into Itaile, 
 
 As was his deslinie, sauns faile, 
 
 That is was pilie for to here, 
 
 When that her spirite gan appere 
 
 The wordis that she to hym saied, 
 
 And for to kepe her sonne hym praied. 
 
 There sawe I gravin eke how he 
 His fathir eke, and his mein^. 
 With his shippis began to saile 
 Toward the countrey of Itaile, 
 As streight as ere they mightin go. 
 
 There sawe I eke the, cruill Juno, 
 - That art Dan Jupiter his wife, 
 That hast ihated all thy life 
 Merciless all the Trojan blode, 
 Rennin and crie as thou were wode 
 On jEoIus, the god of windes, 
 To blowin out of all^ kindes 
 So loud^, that he should ydrenche 
 Lorde, and ladie, and grome, and wenche 
 Of all the Trojanis nacion, 
 Without any' of their salvacion. 
 
 There sawe I soche tempest arise, 
 That ev^ry herte might agrise, 
 To se it paintid on the wall. 
 
 There sawe I eke gravin withall, 
 Venus, how ye, my ladie dere, 
 Ywepyng with full wofuU chere 
 Yprayid Jupiter on hie. 
 To save and kepin that navie 
 Of that dere Trojan ^neas, 
 Sithins that he your sonne ywas. 
 
 Gode counsaile of Chaucer. 
 
 F 
 
 LIE fro the prese and dwell with sothfastnesse, 
 Suffise unto thy gode though it be small, 
 For horde hath hate, and climbyng tikilnesse, 
 Prece hath envie, and wele it brent oer all, 
 Savour no more then the behovin shall, 
 
 Rede well thy self, that othir folke canst rede, 
 And trouthe the shall delivir it 'is no drede. 
 Pain^ the not eche crokid to redresse. 
 
 In trust of her that tournith as a balle, 
 Grete rest standith in litel businesse. 
 Beware also to spurn^ against a nalle, 
 Strive not as doith a crocke with a walle, 
 Demith thy self that demist othir 'b dede. 
 
 And trouthe the shall deliver it 'is no drede. 
 That the is sent receve in buxomenesse ; 
 
 The wrastlyng of this worlde askith a fall • 
 Here is no home, here is but wildirnesse, 
 
 Forthe pilgrim, forthe o best out of thy stall, 
 Lokc up on high, and thanke thy God of all, 
 Weivith thy luste and let thy ghost the lede. 
 And trouthe the shall deliver it 'is no drede. 
 
 Balade of the village without paintyng. 
 
 T^HIS wretchid world'is transmutacion 
 
 As wele and wo, nowe pore, and now honour, 
 Without ordir or due discrecion 
 Govirnid is by fortune'is errour, 
 But nath^lesse the lacke of her favour 
 
 Ne male not doe me syng though that I die, 
 J'ay toui perdu, mon temps & mon labeur 
 For finally fortune I doe defie, 
 Yet is me left the sight of my resoun 
 
 To knowin frende fro foe in thy mirrour. 
 So moche hath yet thy tournyng up and doun, 
 I taughtin me to knowin in an hour. 
 But truily no force of thy reddour 
 
 To hym that ovir hymself hath maistrie, 
 My suffisaunce yshal be my succour. 
 For finally fortune I do defie. 
 
 Socrates, thou stedfast champion, 
 She ne might nevir be thy turmentour. 
 
 Thou nevir dreddist her oppression, 
 
 Ne in her chere foundin thou no favour, 
 Thou knewe wele the disceipt of her colour. 
 
 And that her moste worship is for to lie, 
 I knowe her eke a false dissimulour. 
 
 For finally fortune I do defie. 
 
 The answere of Fortune. 
 
 NO man is wretchid but hymself it wene, 
 He that yhath hymself hath suffisaunce, 
 Why saiest thou then that I am to the so kene. 
 
 That hast thy self out of my govirnaunce ? 
 Sale thus grant mercie of thin habundaunce. 
 
 That thou hast lent or this, thou shalt not strive. 
 What wost thou yet how I the woU avaunce ? 
 And eke thou hast thy best^ frende alive. 
 
 1 have the taught division betwene 
 
 Frende of effecte, and frende of countinaunce. 
 The nedith not the gall^ of an hine. 
 
 That curith eyin derke for ther penaunce, 
 No^v seest thou clere that wer in ignoraunce, 
 Yet holt thine anker, and thou maiest arive 
 There bountie bereth the key of my substaunce, 
 ' And eke thou haste thy best^ frende alive. 
 
 26
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 How many have I refused to sustene, 
 
 Sith I have the fostrid in thy plesaunce ? 
 
 Wolt thou then make a statute on thy qu^e, 
 
 That I shall be aie at thine ordinaunce? 
 
 Thou born art in my reign of variaunce, 
 
 About the whele with othir must thou drive 
 My lore is bet, then wicke is thy grevaunce, 
 And eke thou hast best^ frende alive. 
 
 The answere to Fortune. 
 
 THY lore 1 dampne, it is adversitie, 
 
 My frend maist thou not revin blind goddesse. 
 That I thy frcndis knowe I thanke it the, 
 Take 'hem again, let 'hem go lie a presse, 
 The nigardis in kepyng ther richesse 
 
 Pronostike is thou Molt ther tour assaile, 
 Wicke appetite cometh aie before sickenesse, 
 In generall this rule ne maie not faile. 
 
 Fortune. 
 
 THOU pinchist at my mutabilitie, 
 
 For I the lent a droppe of my richesse, 
 And now me likith to withdrawin me. 
 Why shouldist thou my roialtieoppresse? 
 The se maie ebbe and flowin more and lesse, 
 
 The welkin hath might to shine, rain, and haile, 
 Right so must I kithin my brotilnesse. 
 In generall this rule ne maie not faile. 
 
 The Plaintiffe. 
 
 LO, the' execucion of the majestie. 
 
 That all purveighith of his rightwisenesse, 
 That sam^ thyng fortune yclepin ye. 
 Ye blind^ bestis full of leud^ness ! 
 The heven hath propirtie of sikirness, 
 
 This worlds hath evir restlesse travaile. 
 The last dale is the ende of myne entresse, 
 In generall this rule ne maie not faile. 
 
 Th' envoye of Fortune. 
 
 PRINCES I praie you of your gentilnesse, 
 Let not this man and me thus crie and plain, 
 
 And I shall quitin you this businesse, 
 And if ye liste releve hym of his pain, 
 
 Praie ye his best frende of his noblenesse 
 That to some bettir state he maie attain. 
 
 stanzas are selected, which, being compared with 
 the style of his two contemporaries, will show that 
 our language was then not written by caprice, but 
 was in a settled state. 
 
 ¥ IKE a pilgrime which that goeth on foote. 
 
 And hath none horse to relieue his trauayle, 
 Whote, drye and uery, and may finde no bote 
 Of wel cold whan thrust doth hym assayle 
 Wine nor licour, that may to him auayle, 
 Right so fare I which in my businesse, 
 No succour fynde my rudenesse to redresse. 
 
 I meane as thus, I haue no fresh licour 
 Out of the conduites of Calliope, 
 Nor through Clio in rhetorike no floure, 
 In my labour for to refresh me 
 Nor of the susters in noumber thrise three, 
 Which with Cithera on Parnaso dw ell, 
 They neuer me gaue drinke once of their wel. 
 
 Nor of theyr springes clere and christaline, 
 Tliat sprange by touchyng of the Pegase, 
 Their fauour lacketh my making ten lumine 
 I fynde theyr baw me of so great scarcitie, 
 To tame theyr tunnes with some drop of plentie 
 For Poliphemus throw his great blindnes. 
 Hath in me derked of Argos the brightnes. 
 
 Our life here short of wit the great dulnes 
 The heuy soule troubled with trauayle, 
 And of memorye the glasyng brotelnes 
 Drede and vncunning haue made a strong batail 
 With werines my spirite to assayle. 
 And with their subtil creping in most queint 
 Hath made my spirit in makyng for to feint. 
 
 And ouermore, the ferefull forwardnes 
 Of my stepmother called obliuion, 
 Hath a bastyll of foryetfulnes. 
 To stoppe the passage, and shadow my reason 
 That I might haue no clere direccion, 
 In translating of new to quicke me. 
 Stories to Mrite of olde antiquite. 
 
 Thus was I set and stode in double werre 
 At the metyng of feareful wayes tweyne, 
 The one was this, who euer list to lere, 
 Whereas good wyll gan me constrayne, 
 Bochas taccomplish for to doe my payne, 
 Came ignoraunce, with a menace of drede, 
 My penne to rest I durst not procede. 
 
 Lydgute was a monk of Bury, who wrote about 
 the same time with Chaucer. Out of his prologue 
 to his third book of The Fall of Princes a few 
 
 Fortescue was chief justice of the Common-Pleas, 
 in the reign of king Henry VI. He retired in 
 1471, after the battle of Tewkesbury, and pro- 
 bably wrote most of his works in his privacy. 
 The following passage is selected from his booK
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of The Difference between an absolute and limited 
 Monarchy/. 
 
 H 
 
 'YT may peraventure be marvelid by some 
 men, why one Realme is a Lordshyp only 
 Rot/all, and the Prynce thereof nilyth yt by his 
 Law, called Jus Regale ; and another Knygdome 
 is a Lordschip, Roi/all and Politike, and the Prince 
 thereof rulyth by a Lawe, called Jus Politicum &; 
 Regale ; sythen thes two Princes beth of egall 
 Astate. 
 
 To this dowte it may be answeryd in this man- 
 ner ; The first Institution of thes twoo Reahnys, 
 upon the Incorporation of them, is the cause of this 
 diversyte. 
 
 When Nembrolh by Might, for his owne Glorye, 
 made and incorporate the first Realme, and sub- 
 duyd it to hymself by Tyrannye, he would not 
 have it governyd by any other Rule or Lawe, but 
 by his own Will ; by which and for th' accomplish- 
 ment thereof he made it. And therfor, though he 
 had thus made a Realme, holy Scripture denyid to 
 cal hyni a Kyng, Quia Rex dicitur a Regendo ; 
 Whych thyng he dyd not, but oppressyd the People 
 by Myght, and therfore he was a Tyrant, and callid 
 Frimus Tyrannorum. But holy Writ callith hym 
 Robustus Venator coram Deo. For as the Hunter 
 takyth the wyld bestc for to scle and eate hym : so 
 Nembroth subduyed to him the People uith Might, 
 
 to have their service and their goods. 
 
 usmg 
 
 upon 
 
 them the Lordschip that is callid Dominium Regale 
 tantum. After hym Belus that Mas callid first a 
 Kyng, and after hym his Sone Nynus, and after 
 hym other Panyms; They, by Example of Nem- 
 broth, made them Realmys, would not have them 
 rulyd by other LaM-ys than by their own Wills. 
 Wliich Lawys ben right good under good Princes ; 
 and their Kyngdoms a then most resemblyd to the 
 Kyngdome of God, which reynilh upon Man, 
 rulyng him by hys own Will. Wherfor many 
 Crystyn Princes usen the same Lawe ; and therfor 
 it is, that the Lawys sayen, Quod Principi placuit 
 Leges habet vigorem. And thus I suppose first 
 beganne in Realmys, Dominium tantum Regale. 
 But afterward, whan Mankynd was more mansuete, 
 and better disposyd to Vertue, Crete Communtd- 
 ties, as was the Feliship, that came into this Lond 
 with Brute, wyllyng to be unyed and made a Body 
 Politike callid a Realme, havyng an Heed to 
 governe it; as after the Saying of the philosopher, 
 every Communaltie unyed of many parts must 
 
 needs have an heed ; than they chose the same Brute 
 to be their Heed and Kyng. And they and he 
 upon this Incorporation and Institution, and onyng 
 of themself into a Realme, ordeynyd the same 
 Realme so to be rulyd and justyfyd by such Lawys, 
 as they al would assent unto ; which Law therefor 
 is callid Politicum ; and bycause it is mynystrid 
 by a Kyng, it is callid Regale. Dominiu)n Politi- 
 cum dicitur quasi Regimen, plurium Scientia, sive 
 Consilio minislratum. The Kyng of Scotts reynith 
 upon his People by his Lawe, videlicet, Regimine 
 Politico (^' Regali. And as Diodorus Syculus 
 saith, in his Boke de priscis Historiis, The Realme 
 of Egypte is rulid by the same Lawe, and therfor 
 the King therof chaungith not his Lawes, without 
 the Assent of his People. And in like forme as 
 he saith is ruled the Kyngdome of Saba, in Felici 
 Arabia, and the Lond of Libie ; And also the more 
 parte of al the Realmys in Afrike. AVhich manner 
 of Rule and Lordship, the sayd Diodorus in that 
 Boke, praysith gretely. For it is not only good 
 for the Prince, that may thereby the more sewerly 
 do Justice, than by his owne Arbitriment; but it 
 is also good for his People that receyve therby, 
 such Justice as they desycr themself. Now as me 
 seymth, it ys shewyd opinly ynough, why one 
 Kyng rulyth and reynith on his People Dominio 
 tantum Regali, and that other reynith Dominio Poli- 
 tico 8^ Regali : For that one Kyngdom beganne, 
 of and by, the iNIight of the Prince, and that other 
 beganne, by the Desier and Institution of the 
 People of the same Prince. 
 
 i 
 
 Of the works 
 necessary to give a 
 
 of Sir Thomas More it was 
 large specimen, both because 
 our language was then in a great degree formed and 
 settled, and because it appears from Ben Jonson, 
 that his works were considered as models of pure 
 and elegant style. The tale, which is placed 
 first, because earliest written, will show what an 
 attentive reader will, in perusing our old writers, 
 often remark, that the familiar and colloquial part 
 of our language, being diffused among those 
 classes who had no ambition of refinement, or 
 affectation of novelty, has suffered very little 
 change. There is another reason why the extracts 
 from this author are more copious ; his works are 
 carefully and correctly printed, and may there- 
 fore be better trusted than any otlier edition 
 of the English books of that, or the preceding 
 
 ages 
 
 as
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 A merry iest how a sergeant 
 would learne to playe the frere 
 Written by maister Thomas 
 Wore in hys youth. 
 
 TT/'YSE men alway, 
 Aftyrme and say, 
 
 That best is for a man : 
 Diligently, 
 For to apply, 
 
 The business that he can, 
 And in no ^^■yse, 
 To enterpryse, 
 
 An other faculte, 
 For he that wyll, 
 And can no skyll, 
 
 Is neuer lyke to the. 
 He tliat hath lafte, 
 The hosiers crafte, 
 
 And falleth to making shone, 
 The smythe that shall, 
 To payntyng fall. 
 
 His tlirift is well nigh done. 
 A blacke draper, 
 With whyte paper, 
 
 To goe to writyng scole, 
 An olde butler, 
 Becum a cutler, 
 
 I wene shall proue a fole. 
 And an olde trot, 
 That can I Mot. 
 
 Nothyng but kisse the cup, 
 With her phisick, 
 Wil kepe one sicke, 
 
 Tyll she haue soused hym vp. 
 A man of lawe, 
 That neuer sawe. 
 
 The wayes to bye and sell, 
 Wenyng to ryse, 
 By marchaundise, 
 
 I wish to spede hym well. 
 A marchaunt eke. 
 That wyll go seke. 
 
 By all the meanes he may, 
 To fall in sute, 
 Tyll he dispute, 
 
 His money clene away, 
 Pletyng the lawe, 
 For euery strawe, 
 
 Shall proue a thrifty man. 
 With bate and strife, 
 But by my life, 
 
 I cannot tell you whan. 
 
 \\'han an hatter 
 Wyll go smatter, 
 
 In philosophy, 
 Or a pedlar 
 Ware a medlar, 
 
 In theology. 
 All that ensue, 
 Suche craftes new, 
 
 They driue so farre a cast. 
 That euermore. 
 They do therfore, 
 
 Beshrewe themselfe at last. 
 This thiug was ti'yed 
 And verefyed. 
 
 Here by a sergeaunt late, 
 That thrifty was, 
 Or he coulde pas, 
 
 Rapped about the pate, 
 Whyle that he would 
 See howe he could, 
 
 A little play the frere : 
 Now yf you wyll, 
 Knowe howe it fyll, 
 
 Take hede and ye shall here. 
 It happed so. 
 Not lonij ago, 
 
 A thrifty man there dyed, 
 An hundred pounde, 
 Of nobles rounde, 
 
 That had he layd a side : 
 His Sonne he wolde, 
 Should haue this golde. 
 
 For to beofinne with all : 
 But to suffise 
 His chylde, well thrise. 
 
 That money was to smal, 
 Yet or this day 
 I have hard say. 
 
 That many a man certesse, 
 Hath witli good cast, 
 Be ryche at last. 
 
 That hath begonne with lesse. 
 But this yonge manne. 
 So well beganne, 
 
 His money to employ. 
 That certainly. 
 His policy. 
 
 To see it was a joy. 
 For lest sum blast, 
 Myght ouer cast. 
 
 His ship, or by mischaunce, 
 Men with sum wile, 
 Myght hym begyle. 
 
 And minish his substaunce, 
 S 
 
 For to put out, 
 Al maner dout. 
 
 He made a good puruay, 
 For euery whyt. 
 By his owne wyt. 
 
 And toke an other way : 
 First fayre and wele, 
 Therof much dele, 
 
 He dygged it in a pot, 
 But them him thought, 
 That way was nought. 
 
 And there he left it not. 
 So was he faine. 
 From thence agavne, 
 
 To put it in a cup. 
 And by and by, 
 Couetously, 
 
 He supped it fayre vp. 
 In his owne brest, 
 He thought it best, 
 
 His money to enclose, 
 Then wist he well, 
 What euer fell, 
 
 He coulde it neuer losa 
 He borrowed then, 
 Of other men, 
 
 Money and marchaundise: 
 Nauer payd it. 
 Up he laid it, 
 
 In like maner wyse. 
 Yet on the gere. 
 That he would Mere, 
 
 He reight not what he spent, 
 So it were nyce. 
 As for the price. 
 
 Could him not miscontenL 
 With lusty sporte. 
 And with resort. 
 
 Of ioly company, 
 In mirth and play, 
 Full many a day, 
 
 He lined merely. 
 And men had sworne, 
 Some men is borne. 
 
 To haue a lucky howTe, 
 And so was he. 
 For such degre. 
 
 He gat and suche honour, 
 That without dout. 
 Whan he went out, 
 
 A sergeaunt well and fayre, 
 Was redy strayte, 
 On him to wayte. 
 
 As sone as on the mayre. 
 
 %9
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 But he doubtlesse, 
 Of his iiiekenesse, 
 
 Hated such pompe and pride, 
 And would not go, 
 Companied so, 
 
 But drewe himself a side, 
 To saint Katharine, 
 Straight as a line, 
 
 He gate him at a tyde, 
 For deuocion, 
 Or promocion, 
 
 There would he nedes abyde. 
 There spent he fast, 
 Till all were past, 
 
 And to him came there meny, 
 To aske theyr det, 
 But none could get. 
 
 The valour of a peny. 
 With visage stout. 
 He bare it out, 
 
 Euen vnto the harde hedge, 
 A month or twaine, 
 Tyll he was fayne. 
 
 To laye his gowne to pledge. 
 Than was he there. 
 In greater feare, 
 
 Than ere that he came thither, 
 And would as fayne, 
 Depart againe, 
 
 But that lie wist not whither. 
 Than after this, 
 To a frende of his. 
 
 He went and there abode, 
 Where as he lay, 
 So sick alway. 
 
 He myght not come abrode. 
 It happed than, 
 A marchaunt man, 
 
 That he ought money to, 
 Of an officere. 
 That gan enquere, 
 
 What him was best to do. 
 And he answerde, 
 Be not aferde, 
 
 Take an accion therfore, 
 I you beheste, 
 I shall hym reste, 
 
 And than care for no more. 
 I feare quod he, 
 It wyll not be, 
 
 For he wyll not come out. 
 Ttie sergeaunt said. 
 Be not a fray d, 
 
 It shall be brought about. 
 
 In many a game, 
 Lyke to the same, 
 
 Have I bene well in vre, 
 And for your sake, 
 Let me be bake, 
 
 But yf I do this cure. 
 Thus part they both. 
 And foorth then goth, 
 
 A pace this officere, 
 And for a day, 
 All his array, 
 
 He chaunged with a frere. 
 So was he dight, 
 That no man might, 
 
 Hym for a frere deny, 
 He dopped and dooked, 
 He spake and looked. 
 
 So religiously. 
 Yet in a glasse, 
 Or he would passe. 
 
 He toted and he peered, 
 His harte for pryde, 
 Lepte in his syde 
 
 To see how well he freered. 
 Than forth a pace, 
 Unto the place. 
 
 He goeth withouten shame 
 To do this dede. 
 But now take hede 
 
 For here begynneth the game. 
 He drew hym ny. 
 And softely, 
 
 Streyght at the dore he knocked 
 And a damsell, 
 That hard hym well. 
 
 There came and it vnlocked. 
 The frere sayd 
 Good spede fayre mayd, 
 
 Here lodgeth such a man, 
 It is told me : 
 Well syr quod she. 
 
 And yf he do what than. 
 Quod he maystresse, 
 No harm doutlesse : 
 
 It longeth for our order, 
 To hurt no man, 
 But as we can, 
 
 Euery wight to forder. 
 With hym truly, 
 Fayne speake would I, 
 
 Sir quod she by my fay, 
 He is so sike, 
 Ye be not lyke, 
 I To speake with hym to day. 
 
 Quod he fayre may, 
 Yet I you pray 
 
 This much at my desire. 
 Vouchesafe to do, 
 As go hym to. 
 
 And say an austen frere 
 Would with hym speke. 
 And matters breake, 
 
 For his auayle certayn. 
 Quod she I wyll, 
 Stonde ye here styll, 
 
 Tyll I come downe agayn. 
 Vp is she go, 
 And told hym so. 
 
 As she was bode to say, 
 He mistrustyng, 
 No maner thyng, 
 
 Sayd mayden go thy way 
 And fetch him hyder, 
 That we togyder. 
 
 May talk. A downe she gothe, 
 Vp she hym brought. 
 No harme she thought, 
 
 But it made some folke wrothe. 
 This officere. 
 This fayned frere. 
 
 Whan he was come aloft, 
 He dopped than, 
 And grete this man. 
 
 Religiously and oft. 
 And he agayn, 
 Ryght glad and fayn, 
 
 Toke hym there by the hande 
 The frere than sayd, 
 Ye be dismayd. 
 
 With trouble I understande. 
 In dede quod he. 
 It hath with me. 
 
 Bene better than it is. 
 Syr quod the frere, 
 Be of good chere, 
 
 Yet shall it after this. 
 But I would now, 
 Comen with you. 
 
 In counsayle yf you please, 
 Or ellys nat 
 Of matters that 
 
 Shall set your heart at ease. 
 Downe went the mayd, 
 The marchaunt sayd. 
 
 Now say on gentle frere, 
 Of thys tydyng, 
 That ye me bryng, 
 I I long full sore to here. 
 
 SO
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Whan there was none, 
 But they alone, 
 
 The frere with euyll grace, 
 Sayd, I rest the. 
 Come on with nie, 
 
 And out he tolce his mace: 
 Thou shalt obay, 
 Come on thy way, 
 
 I have the in my douche, 
 Thou goest not hence, 
 For all the pense, 
 
 The niayre hath in his pouche. 
 This marchaunt there, 
 For wrath and fere, 
 
 He waxyng welnygh wood, 
 Sayd horson thefe, 
 Willi a mischefe. 
 
 Who hath taught the thy good, 
 And with his fist, 
 Vpon the lyst. 
 
 He gaue hym such a blow. 
 That backward downe, 
 Almost in sowne, 
 
 The frere is ouerthrow. 
 Yet was this man, 
 Well fearder than. 
 
 Lest he the frere had slayne, 
 Tyll with good rappes, 
 And heuy clappes. 
 
 He dawde hym vp agayne. 
 The frere took harte. 
 And vp he starte, 
 
 And well he layde about, 
 And so there goth, 
 Betwene them both. 
 
 Many a lusty clout. 
 
 Then rent and tere, 
 Eche others here. 
 
 And claue togyder fast, 
 Tyll with luggyng. 
 And with tuggyng, 
 
 They fell downe bo the at last. 
 Than on the grounde, 
 Togyder rounde, 
 
 With many a sadde stroke, 
 They roll and rumble, 
 Tiiey turne and tumble, 
 
 As pygges do in a poke. 
 So lonu aboue, 
 They heue and shoue, 
 
 Togider that at last, 
 The mayd and wyfe, 
 To breake the strife, 
 
 Hyed them vpward fast. 
 And whan they spye. 
 The captaynes lye. 
 
 Both waltring on the place, 
 The freres hood. 
 They pulled a good, 
 
 Adowne about his face. 
 Whyle he was blynde. 
 The wenche behynde. 
 
 Lent him leyd on the flore, 
 Many a ioule. 
 About the noule, 
 
 With a great batyldore. 
 The wyfe came yet, 
 And with her fete. 
 
 She holpe to kepe him downe, 
 And with her rocke. 
 Many a knocke. 
 
 She gaue hym on tne crowne. 
 
 They layd his mace. 
 About his face, 
 
 That he was wood for payne ; 
 The fryre firappe. 
 Gate many a swappe, 
 
 Tyll he was full nygh slayne. 
 Vp they hym lift, 
 And with yll thrift, 
 
 Hedlyng a long the stayre, 
 Downe they hym threwe, 
 And sayde adewe, 
 
 Commende us to the mayre. 
 The frere aiose. 
 But I suppose, 
 
 Amased was his hed. 
 He shoke his eares. 
 And from grete feares, 
 
 He thought hym well yfled. 
 Quod he now lost, 
 Is all this cost, 
 
 We be neuer the nere. 
 Ill mote he be. 
 That caused me. 
 
 To make my self a frere. 
 Now masters all. 
 Here now I shall 
 
 Ende there as I began, 
 In any wyse, 
 I would auyse. 
 
 And counsayle euery man, 
 His owne craft vse, 
 All newe refuse. 
 
 And lyghtly let them gone : 
 Play not the frere, 
 Now ihake good chere, 
 
 And welcome euerych one. 
 
 A rufnl lamentacion (writen by master Thomas 
 More in his youth) of the deth of queue Elisabeth 
 mother to king Henry the eight, wife to king 
 Henry the seuenth, and eldest daughter to 
 king Edward the fourth, which quene Elisabeth 
 dyed in childbed in February in the yere of our 
 Lord 1503, and in the 18 yere of the raigne of 
 king Henry the seuenth. 
 
 ^ YE that put your trust and confidence. 
 
 In worldly ioy and frayle prosperite, 
 That so lyue here as ye should neuer iience. 
 Remember death and loke here vppon me, 
 Ensaum.ple I thynke there may no better be. 
 Your sdfe wotte well that in this realme was I, 
 Your quene but late, and lo now here I lye. 
 
 Was I not borne of olde worthy linage? 
 Was not my mother queene, my father kyng ? 
 Was I not a kinges fere in marriage ? 
 Had I not plenty of euery pleasaunt thing ? 
 MercifuU God this is a straunge reckenyng : 
 Rychesse, honour, welth, and auncestry, 
 Hath me forsaken, and lo now here I ly. 
 
 If worship myght haue kept me, I had not gone. 
 If wyt myght haue me saued, I neded not fere. 
 If money myght haue holpe, I lacked none. 
 But O good God what vayleth all this gere. 
 When deth is come thy mighty messangere. 
 Obey we must there is no remedy. 
 Me hath he sommoned, and lo now here I ly. 
 
 Yet was I late promised otherwyse, 
 This yere to hue in m elth and delice. 
 
 31
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 I 
 
 Lo where to commeth thy bland ishyng promyse, 
 
 O false astrolagy and deuynatrice, 
 
 Of Goddes secretes makyng thy selfe so wyse. 
 
 How true is for this yere thy |)rophecy 
 
 The yere yet lasteth, and lo nowe here I ly. 
 
 O bryttill welth, as full of bitternesse, 
 Thy single pleasure doubled is with payne. 
 Account my sorow first and my distresse, 
 In sondry wyse, and recken there agayne, 
 The ioy that I haue had, and I dare sayne, 
 For all my honour, endured yet haue I, 
 More wo then welth, and lo now here I ly. 
 
 Where are our castels, now where are our towers. 
 Goodly Rychmonde sone art thou gone from me, 
 At Westminster that costly worke of yours, 
 Myne owne dere lorde now shall I neuer see. 
 Almighty God vouchesafe to graunt that ye. 
 For you and your children well may edefy. 
 My palyce bylded is, and low now here I ly. 
 
 Adew myne owne dere spouse my worthy lorde, 
 The faithfull loue, that dyd vs both combyne. 
 In mariage and peasable concorde, 
 Into your handes here I cleane resyne, 
 To be bestowed vppon your chiloren and myne. 
 Erst wer you father, and now must ye supply, 
 The mothers part also, for lo now here I ly. 
 
 Farewell my doughter lady Margerete. 
 God wotte full oft it greued hath my mynde. 
 That ye should go where we should seldome mete. 
 Nowe am I gone, and haue left you behynde. 
 O mortall folke that we be very blynde. 
 That we least feare, full oft it is most nye, 
 From you depart I fyrst, and lo now here I ly. 
 
 Farewell Madame my lordes worthy mother, 
 Comfort your sonne, and be ye of good chere. 
 Take all a worth, for it will be no nother. 
 Farewell my doughter Katherine late the fere, 
 To prince Arthur myne owne chyld so dere. 
 It bootelh not for me to wepe or cry. 
 Pray for my soule, for lo now here I ly. 
 
 Adew lord Henry my louyng sonne adew. 
 Our lorde encrease your honour and estate, 
 Adew my doughter Mary bright of hew, 
 God make you vertuous wyse and fortunate. 
 Adew swete hart mo litle doughter Kate, 
 Thou shalt swete babe suche is thy desteny, 
 Thy mother ncuer know, for lo now here I ly. 
 
 Lady Cicyly Anne and Katheryne, 
 Farewell my welbeloved sisters three, 
 O lady Briget other sister myne, 
 Lo here the ende of worldly vanitee. 
 Now well are ye that earthly foly flee. 
 Ami heuenly thynges loue and magnify. 
 Farewell and pray for me, for lo now here Ily. 
 
 Adew my lordes, adew my ladies all, 
 Adew my faithful seruauntes euerych one, 
 Adew my commons whom I neuer shall 
 See in this world, wherfore to the alone, 
 ImmortaKiod verely three and one, 
 I me commende. Thy infinite mercy, 
 Shew to thy seruant, for lo now here I ly. 
 
 Certain meters in English written by master Thomas 
 More in hys youth for the boke of fortune, and 
 caused them to be printed in the begynnyng of 
 that boke. 
 
 The wordes of Fortune to the people. 
 
 M^ 
 
 INE high estate power and auctoritie, 
 If ye ne know, enserche and ye shall spye, 
 That richesse, worship, welth, and dignitie, 
 Joy, rest, and peace, and all thyng fynally, 
 That any pleasure or profit may come by, 
 To mannes comfort, ayde, and sustinaunce, 
 Is all at my deuyse and ordinaunce. 
 
 Without my fauour there is nothyng wonne. 
 Many a matter haue I brought at last. 
 To good conclusion, that fondly was begonne. 
 And many a purpose bounden sure and fast 
 With wise prouision, I haue ouercast. 
 Without good happe there may no wit suffise. 
 Better is to be fortunate than wyse. 
 
 And therefore hath there some men bene or this 
 My deadly foes and written many a boke. 
 To my disprayse. And other cause there nys, 
 But for me list not frendly on them loke. 
 Thus lyke the fox they fai'e that once forsoke. 
 The pleasaunt grapes, and gan for to dety them, 
 Because he lept and yet could not come by them. 
 
 But let them write theyr labour is in vayne. 
 For M-ell ye wote, myrth, honour, and richesse, 
 Much better is than penury and payne. 
 The nedy wretch that lingereth in distresse, 
 Without mynehelpe is euer comfortelesse, 
 A wery burden odious and loth. 
 To all the world, and eke to him selfe both. 
 
 But he that by my fauour may ascende, 
 To mighty power and excellent degree, 
 A common wele to gouerne and defende, 
 O in how blist condicion standeth he : 
 Him self in honour and felicite. 
 And ouer that, may forther and increase, 
 A region hole in ioyfull rest and peace. 
 
 Now in this povnt there is no more to say, 
 Eche man hath of him self the gouernaunce. 
 Let euery wight than folowe his owne way, 
 And he that out of pouertee and mischaunce, 
 
 ■I 
 
 32
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 List for to Hue, and wyll him selfe enhaunce, 
 
 In wealth and richesse, come forth and wayte on me. 
 
 And he that wyll be a beggar, let hym be. 
 
 Thomas More to them that trust in Fortune. 
 
 T^HOU that are pro«de of honour, shape or kynne, 
 That hepest vp this wretched worldes treasure, 
 Thy fingers shrined with gold, thy tawny skynne, 
 With fresh apparyle garnished out of measure, 
 And wenest to haue fortune at thy pleasure. 
 Cast vp thyne eye, and loke how slipper chaunce, 
 Illudeth her men with chaunge and varyaunce. 
 
 Sometyme she loketh as louely, fayre and bright, 
 As goodly Uenus mother of Cupyde. 
 She becketh and she smileth on euery wight. 
 But this chere fayned, may not long abide. 
 There cometh a cloude, and farewell all our pryde. 
 Like any serpent she beginneth to swell, 
 And looketh as fierce as any fury of hell. 
 
 Yet for all that we brotle men are fayne, 
 (So wretched is our nature and so blynde) 
 As soone as Fortune list to laugh agayne, 
 With fayre countenaunce and deceitfull mynde, 
 T6 crouche and knele and gape after the wynde. 
 Not one or twayne but thousandes in a rout, 
 Lyke swarmyng bees come flickeryng her aboute. 
 
 Then as a bayte she bryngeth forth her ware, 
 Siluer, gold, riche perle, and precious stone : 
 On wbiche the mased people gase and stare. 
 And gape therefore, as dogges do for the bone. 
 Fortune at them laugheth, and in her trone 
 Amyd her treasure and waueryng rychesse, 
 Prowdly she houeth as lady and empresse. 
 
 Fast by her syde doth wery labour stand, 
 Pale fere also, and sorow all bewept, 
 Disdayn and hatred on that other hand, 
 Eke restles watche fro slepe with trauayle kept, 
 His eyes drowsy and lokyng as he slept. 
 Before her standeth daunger and enuy, 
 Flattery, dysceyt, mischiefs and tiranny. 
 
 About her commeth all the world to begge. 
 He asketh lande, and he to pas would bryng, 
 This toye and that, and all not worth an egge : 
 He would in loue prosper aboue all thyng : 
 He kneleth downe and would be made a kyng : 
 He forceth not so he may money haue, 
 Though all the worlde accompte hym for a knaue. 
 
 Lo thus ye see diners heddes, diners wittes. 
 Fortune alone as diuers as they all, 
 Vnstable here and there among them flittes : 
 And at auenture downe her giftes fall^ • 
 
 Catch who so may she throweth great and small 
 Not to all men, as commeth sonne or dewe, 
 But for the most part, all among a fewe. 
 
 And yet her brotell giftes long may not last. 
 He that she gane them, loketh prowde and hye. 
 She whirlth about and pluckth away as fast. 
 And geueth them to an other by an by. 
 And tlius from man to man continually. 
 She vseth to gene and take, and slily tosse, 
 One man to wynnyng of an others losse. 
 
 And when she robbeth one, down goth his pryde. 
 He wepeth and wayleth and curseth her full sore. 
 But he that receueth it, on that other syde. 
 Is glad, and blesth her often tymes therefore. 
 But in a whyle when she loueth hym no more. 
 She glydeth from hym, and her giftes to, 
 And he her curseth, as other fooles do. 
 
 Alas the folysh people can not cease, 
 Ne voyd her trayne, tyll they the harme do fele. 
 About her alway, besely they preace. 
 But lord how he doth thynk hym self full wele. 
 That may set once his hande vppon her whele. 
 He holdeth fast : but vpward as he flieth, 
 She whippeth her whele about, and there he lyeth, 
 
 Thus fell Julius from his mighty power. 
 Thus fell Darius the worthy kyng of Perse. 
 Thus fell AUexander the great conquerour. 
 Thus many mo then I may well reherse. 
 Thus double fortune, when she lyst reuerse. 
 Her slipper fauour fro them that in her trust, 
 She fleeth her wey and leyeth them in the dust. 
 
 She sodeinly enhaunceth them aloft. 
 And sodeynly mischeueth all the flocke. 
 The head that late lay easily and full soft. 
 In stede of pylows lyeth after on the blocke. 
 And yet alas the most cruell proude mocke: 
 The deynty mowth that ladyes kissed haue, 
 She bryngeth in the case to kysse a knaue. 
 In chaungyng ofher course, the chaunge shewth this, 
 Vp startth a knaue, and down there faith a knight, 
 The beggar ryche, and the ryche man pore is. 
 Hatred is turned to loue, loue to despyght. 
 This is her sport, thus prouth she her myght. 
 Great boste she maketh yf one be by her power. 
 Welthy and wi'etched both w ithin an howre. 
 
 Pouertee that ofher giftes ^^yl nothing take, 
 Wyth mery chere, looketh vppon the prece. 
 And seeth how fortunes houshold goeth to wrake. 
 Fast by her standeth the wyse Socrates, 
 Arristippus, Pythagoras, and many alese 
 Of olde philosophers. And eke agaynst the sooi i 
 Bekyth hym poore Diogenes in his tonne. 
 
 33
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 With her is Byas, whose coiintrey lackt defence, 
 And whylom of their foes stode so in dout, 
 That eche man hastely gan to cary thence, 
 And asked hym why he nought caryed out. 
 I here ([uod he all myne « ith me about : 
 Wisedom he ment, not fortunes brolle fees. 
 For nought he counted his that he might leese. 
 
 Heraclitus eke, lyst felowship to kepe 
 With glade pouertee, Democritus also : 
 Of which the fyrst can neuer cease but wepe, 
 To see how thicke the blynded people go, 
 With labour great to purchase care and wo. 
 That other laugheth to see the foolysh apes, 
 How earnestly they walk about theyr capes. 
 
 Of this poore sect, it is comen vsage, 
 Onely to take that nature may sustayne, 
 Banishing cleane all other surplusage. 
 They be content, and of nothyng complayne. 
 No nygarde eke is of his good so fayne. 
 But they more pleasure haue a thousande folde, 
 The secrete draughtes of nature to beholde. 
 
 Set fortunes servauntes by them and ye wuU, 
 That one is free, that other euer thrall, 
 That one content, that other neuer full, 
 That one in suretye, that other lyke to fall. 
 Who lyst to aduise them bothe, parceyue he shall, 
 As great difference between them as we see, 
 Betwixte wretchednes and felicite. 
 
 Now haue I shewed you bothe : these whiche ye 
 lyst, 
 Stately fortune, or humble pouertee : 
 That is to say, nowe lyeth it in your fyst. 
 To take here bondage, or free libertee. 
 But in thys poynte and ye do after me. 
 Draw you to fortune, and labour her to please, 
 If that ye thynke your selfe to well at ease. 
 
 And fyrst vppon the louely shall she smile. 
 And frendly on the cast her wandering eyes. 
 Embrace the in her armes, and for a whyle, 
 Put the and kepe the in a fooles paradise : 
 And foorth with all what so thou lyst deuise, 
 She wyll the graunt it liberally perhappes : 
 But for all that beware of after clappes. 
 
 Recken you neuer of her fauoure sure : 
 Ye may in clovvds as easily trace an hare, 
 Or in drye lande cause fishes to endure, 
 And make the burnyng fyre his heate to spare. 
 And all tliys worlde in compace to forfare. 
 As her to make by craft or engine stable. 
 That of her nature is euer variable. 
 
 Serue her day and nyght as reuerently, 
 Vppon thy knees as any seruaunt may, 
 
 And in conclusion, that thou shalt winne thereby 
 Shall not be worth thy servyce I dare say. 
 And looke yet what she geueth the to day, 
 With labour wonne she shall happly to morow 
 Plucke it agayne out of thyne hand with sorow. 
 
 Wherefore yf thou in suretye lyst to stande, 
 Take pouerties parte and let prowde fortune go, 
 Receyue nothyng that commeth from her hande. 
 Loue maner and vertue : they be onely tho 
 Whiche double fortune may not take the fro. 
 Then mayst thou boldly defye her turnyng chaunce : 
 She can the neyther hynde nor auaunce. 
 
 But and thou wylt nedes medle with her treasure, 
 Trust not therein, and spende it liberally. 
 Beare the not proude, nor take not out of measure, 
 Bylde not thyne house on heyth vp in the skye, 
 Nonne falleth farre, but he that climbeth hye. 
 Remember nature sent the hyther bare. 
 The gyftes of fortune count them borowed ware. 
 
 Thomas More to them that seke Fortune. 
 
 TIT" HO so delyteth to prouen and assay. 
 
 Of waveryng fortune the vncertayne lot, 
 If that the aunswere please you not alway. 
 Blame ye not me : for I commaunde you not 
 Fortune to trust, and eke full m'cU ye wot, 
 I haue of her no brydle in my fist. 
 She renneth loose, and turneth where she lyst. 
 
 The rollyngdyse in whome your luckedoth stande, 
 With whose vnhappy chaunce ye be so wroth, 
 Ye knowe your selfe came neuer in myne hande. 
 Lo in this ponde be fyshe and frogges both. 
 Cast in your nette : but be you liefe or lothe, 
 Hold you content as fortune lyst assyne ; 
 For it is your owne fyshyng and not myne. 
 
 And though in one chaunce fortune you offend, 
 Grudge not there at, but beare a mery face. 
 In many an other she shall it amende. 
 There is no manne so farre out of her grace. 
 But he sometyme hath comfort and solace : 
 Ne none agayne so farre foorth in her fauour, 
 That is full satisfyed with her behauiour. 
 
 Fortune is stately, solemne, prowde, and hye : 
 And rychesse geueth, to haue seruyce therefore. 
 The nedy begger catcheth an halfpeny : 
 Some manne a thousande pound, some lesse some 
 
 more. 
 But for all that she kepeth euer in btore, 
 From euery manne some parcell of his wyll, 
 That he may pray therfore and serue her styll. 
 
 Some manne hath good, butchyldren hath he none. 
 Some manne hath both, but he can get none health. 
 
 34
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Some hath al thre, but vp to honours trone, 
 Can he not crepe, by no maner of stelth. 
 To some she sendeth, children, ryches, welthe, 
 Honour, woorshyp, and reuerence all hys \yfe ■ 
 But yet she pyncheth hyin with a shrewde wyfe. 
 
 Then for asmuch as it is fortunes guyse, 
 To graunt to manne all thyng that he wyll axe, 
 But'as her selfe lyst order and deuyse. 
 Doth euery manne his parte diuide and tax, 
 I counsayle you eche one trusse vp your packes. 
 And take no" thyng at all, or be content. 
 With suche rewarde as fortune hath you sent. 
 
 All thynges in this boke that ye shall rede, 
 Does as ye lyst, there shall no manne you bynde, 
 Them to beleue, as surely as your credo. 
 But notwithstandyng certes in my mynde, 
 I durst well swere, as true ye shall them fynde, 
 In euery poynt eche answere by and by, 
 As are the iudgementes of astronomye. 
 
 The Descripcion of Richard the thirde. 
 
 T? ICHARDE the third sonne, of whom we nowe 
 entreate, was in witte and courage egall with 
 either of them, in bodye and prowesse farre vnder 
 them bothe, little of stature, ill fetured of limmes, 
 croke backed, his left shoulder much higher than 
 his right, hard fauoured of visage, and such as is in 
 states called warlye, in other menne otherwise, he 
 was malicious, Avrathfull, enuious, and from afore 
 his birth, euer frowarde. It is for trouth reported, 
 that the duches his mother had so much a doe in 
 her trauaile, that shee could not bee deliuered of 
 hym uncutte : and that he came into the worlde 
 with the feete forwarde, as menne bee borne out- 
 warde, and (as the fame runneth) also not vntothed, 
 whither menne of hatred reporte aboue the trouthe, 
 or elles that nature chaunged her course in hys 
 beginninge, whiche in the course of his lyfe many 
 thinges vnnaturallye connnitted. None euill cap- 
 taine was hee in the warre, as to whiche his disposi- 
 cion was more metely then for peace. Sundrye 
 victories hadde hee, and sommetime ouerthrowes, 
 but neuer in defaulte as for his owne parsone, either 
 of hardinesse or poly tike order, free was hee called 
 of dyspence, and sommewhat aboue hys power 
 liberall, with large giftes hee get him vnstedfaste 
 frendeshippe, for whiche hee was fain to pil and 
 spoyle in other places, and get him stedfast hatred. 
 Hee was close and secrete, a deepe dissimuler, 
 lowlye of counteynaunce, arrogant of heart, out- 
 wardly coumpinable where he inwardely hated, not 
 letting to kisse whome he thoughte to kyll : dispiti- 
 
 ous and cruell, not for euill will alway, but after for 
 ambicion, and either for the suretie and encrease of 
 his estate. Frende and foo was muche what indif- 
 ferent, where his aduauntage grew, he spared no 
 mans deathe, whose life withstoode his purpose. 
 He slewe with his owne handes king Henry tlie 
 sixt, being prisoner in the Tower, as menne con- 
 stantly saye, and that without conmiaundenient or 
 knowledge of the king, whiche woulde vndoubtedly 
 yf he had entended that thinge, haue appointed that 
 hoocherly office, to some otlier then his owne borne 
 brother. 
 
 Somme wise menne also weene, that his drift 
 couertly conuayde, lacked not in helping furth his 
 brother of Clarence to his death : whiche hee 
 resisted openly, howbeit somwhat (as menne deme) 
 more faintly then he that wer hartley minded to his 
 welth. And they that thus deme, thinke that he 
 long time in king Edwardes life, forethought to be 
 king in that case the king his brother (whose life hee 
 looked that euil dyete shoulde shorten) shoulde 
 happen to decease (as in dede he did) while iiis 
 children wer yonge. And thei deme, that for thys 
 intente he was gladde of his brothers death the duke 
 of Clarence, whose life must nedes haue hindered 
 hym so entendynge, whither the same duke of 
 Clarence hadde kepte him true to his nephew the 
 yonge king, or enterprised to be kyng himself. But 
 of al this pointe, is there no certaintie, and whoso 
 diuineth vppon coniectures, maye as wel shote to 
 farre as to short. Howbeit this haue I by credible 
 informacion learned, that the selfe nighte in whiche 
 kyng Edwarde died, one Mystlebrooke longe ere 
 mornynge, came in greate haste to the house of one 
 Pottyer dwellyng in Reddecrosse strete without 
 Crepulgate : and when he was with hastye rappyng 
 quickly letten in, hee shewed vnto Pottyer that 
 kynge Edwarde \vas departed. By my trouthe 
 manne quod Pottyer then wyll my mayster the 
 duke of Gloucester bee kynge. What cause hee 
 hadde soo to thynke harde it is to saye, whyther 
 hee being toward hym, anye thynge knewe that hee 
 suche thynge purposed, or otherwyse had anye 
 inkelynge thereof: for hee was not likely to speake 
 it of noughte. 
 
 But nowe to returne to the course of this hystorye, 
 were it that the duke of Gloucester hadde of old 
 fore-minded this conclusion, or was nowe at erste 
 thereunto moued, and putte in hope by the occasion 
 of the tender age of the younge princes, his nephues 
 (as opportunitye and lykelyhoode of spede, putteth 
 a manne in courage of that hee neuer entended) 
 certayne is it that hee contriued theyr destruccion, 
 
 3fr
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 with the vsurpacion of the regal dignitye vppon 
 
 hymselfe. And for as muche as hee well wiste and 
 
 holpe to mayntayn, a long continued grudge and 
 
 hearte brennynge betwene the quenes kinred and 
 
 the kinges blood eyther partye enuying others 
 
 authoritye, he nowe thought that their deuision 
 
 shotilde bee (as it was in dede) a fortherlye begyn- 
 
 nynge to the pursuite of his intente, and a sure 
 
 ground for the foundacion of al his building yf he 
 
 might firste vnder tiie pretext of reuengynge of olde 
 
 displeasure, abuse the anger and ygnoraunce of the 
 
 tone partie, to the destruccion of the tother : and 
 
 then Wynne to this purpose as manye as he coulde : 
 
 and those that coulde not be wonne, myght be loste 
 
 ere they looked therefore. For of one thynge was 
 
 hee certayne, that if his entente wars perceiued, he 
 
 shold soone haue made peace beetwene the bothe 
 
 parties, with his o^vne bloude. 
 
 Kynge Edwarde in his life, albeit that this dis- 
 cencion beetwene hys frendes sommewhat yrked 
 hym: yet in his good healthe he sommewhat the 
 lesse regarded it, because hee thought whatsoeuer 
 busines shoulde falle beetwene them, hymselfe 
 should alwaye bee hable to rule bothe the parties. 
 
 But in his last sicknesse, when hee receiued his 
 naturall strengthe soo sore enfebled, that hee 
 dyspayred all recouerye, then hee consyderynge the 
 youthe of his chyldren, albeit hee nothynge lesse 
 mistrusted then that that happened, yet well forse- 
 ynge that manye harmes myghte groM-e by theyr 
 debate, whyle the yoiith of hys children shoulde 
 lacke discrecion of themself and good counsayle of 
 their frendes, of whiche either party shold counsayle 
 for their owne commodity and rather by pleasaunte 
 aduyse too wynne themselfe fauour, then by profit- 
 able aduertisement to do the children good, he called 
 some of them before him that were at variaunce, 
 and in especyall the lorde marques Dorsette the 
 quenes sonne by her fyrste housebande, and Richarde 
 the lord Hastynges, a noble man, than lorde cham- 
 berlayne agayne whome the quene specially grudged, 
 for the great fauoure the kyng bare hym, and also 
 for that shee thoughte hym secretlye familyer with 
 the kynge in wanton coumpanye. Her kynred also 
 bare hym sore, as well for that the kynge hadde 
 made hym captayne of Calyce (which office the 
 lorde Ryuers, brother to the quene, claimed of the 
 kinges former promyse) as for diuerse other great 
 giftes which he receyued, that they loked for. When 
 these lordes with diuerse other of bothe the parties 
 were comme in presence, the kynge liftinge vppe 
 himselfe and vndcrsette with pillowes, ,as it is 
 reported on this wyse sayd vnto them, My lordes, 
 
 my dere kinsmenne and alies, in what plighte I 
 
 lesse 
 
 you see, 
 I looke 
 
 lye 
 and I feele. By whiche the lesse whyle 
 to lyue with you, the more depelye am I 
 moued to care in what case I leaue you, for such as 
 I leauve you, suche bee my children lyke to fynde 
 you. \Vhiche if they shoulde (that Godde forbydde 
 fynde you at varyaunce, myght happe to fall them 
 selfe at warre ere their discrecion woulde serue to 
 sette you at peace. Ye se their youthe, of whiche 
 I recken the onely suretie to reste in your concord. 
 For it suffiseth not al you loue them, yf eche 
 of you hate other. If they wer menne, your faith- 
 fulnesse happelye woulde suffise. But childehood 
 must be maintained by mens authoritye, and slipper 
 youth vnderpropped with elder counsayle, which 
 neither they can haue, but ye geue it, nor ye geue it, 
 yf ye gree not. For wher eche laboureth to breake 
 that the other maketh, and for hatred of eche of 
 others parson, impugneth eche others counsayle, 
 there must it nedes bee long ere anye good conclu- 
 sion goe forwarde. And also while either partye 
 laboureth to be chiefe, flattery shall haue more place 
 then plaine and faithfuU aduyse, of whyche muste 
 n^edes ensure the euyll bringing vppe of tlie prynce, 
 whose mynd in tender youth infect, shal redily fal 
 to mischief and riot, and drawe down with this 
 noble relme to ruine, but if grace turn him to wis- 
 dom, which if God send, tlien thei that by euill 
 menes before pleased hym best, shal after fall far- 
 thest out of fauour, so that euer at length euill 
 driftes dreue to nought, and good plain wayes 
 prosper. Great variaunce hath ther long bene 
 betwene you, not alway for great causes. Sometime 
 a thing right wel intended, our misconstruccion 
 turneth vnto worse or a smal displeasure done vs, 
 eyther our owne afteccion or euil tongues agreueth. 
 But this wote I well ye neuer had so great cause of 
 hatred, as ye have of loue. That we be al men, 
 that we be christen men, this shall I leave for 
 prechers to tel you (and yet I wote nere whither 
 any prechers wordes ought more to moue you, then 
 his tliat is by and by gooying to the place that thei 
 all preache of.) But this shal I desire you to 
 remember, that the one parte of you is of my Ijloode, 
 the other of myne alies, and eche of yow with other, 
 evther of kinred or affinitie, whiche spirytuall kyn- 
 red of aff'ynyty, if the sacramentes of Christes 
 churche, beare that weyghte with vs that woulde 
 Godde thei did, shoulde no lesse moue vs to chari- 
 tye, then the respecte of fleshlye consanguinitye. 
 Oure Lorde forbydde, that you loue together the 
 worse, for the selfe cause that you ought to loue the 
 better. And yet that happeneth. And no where 
 
 3C
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 fynde wee so deadlye debate as amonge them, 
 whyche by nature and lawe inoste ouglite to agree 
 together. Suche a pestilente serpente is anibicion 
 and desyre of vaine glurye and soueraintye, whiche 
 amonge states where he once entrelh crepeth foorth 
 so farre, tyll with deuision and variaunce hee turneth 
 all to mischiefe. First longing to be nexte the l)est, 
 afterwarde egall with the beste, and at laste cliiefe 
 and aboue the beste. Of which immoderate appe- 
 tite of woorship, and thereby of debate and dissen- 
 cion what losse, what sorowe, what trouble hathe 
 within these fewe yeares growen in this real me, 
 I praye Godde as wel forgeate as Mee wel re- 
 member. 
 
 Whiche thinges yf I coulde as Avell haue foresene, 
 as I haue with my more payne then pleasure proued. 
 by Goddes blessed Ladie (that was euer his othe) I 
 woulde neuer haue won the courtesye of mennes 
 knees, with the losse of soo many heades. But 
 sithen thynges passed cannot be gaine called, muche 
 oughte wee the more beware, by what occasion we 
 haue taken soo greate hurt afore, that we eftesoones 
 fall not in that occasion agayne. Nowe be tliose 
 griefes passed, and all is (Godde be thanked) quiete, 
 and likelie righte wel to prosper in wealthfuU peace 
 under youre coseyns my children, if Godde send 
 them life and you loue. Of whiche twoo thinges, 
 the lesse losse wer they by whome thoughe Godde 
 dydde hys pleasure, yet shoulde the realme alway 
 finde kinges and peraduenture as good kinges. But 
 yf you among your selfe in a childes reygne fall at 
 debate, many a good man shall perish and happely 
 he to, and ye to, ere thys land finde peace again. 
 Wherfore in these laste wordes that euer I looke to 
 speake with you : I exhort you and require you al, 
 for the loue that you haue euer borne to me, for the 
 loue that I haue euer borne to you, for the loue that 
 our Lord beareth to vs all, from this time forwarde, 
 all grieues forgotten, eche of you loue other. 
 Whiche I verelye truste you will, if ye any thing 
 earthly regard, either Godde or your king, affinitie 
 or kinred, this realme, your owne countrey, or your 
 owne surety. And therewithal the king no longer 
 enduring to sitte vp, laide him down on his right 
 side, his face towarde them : and none was there 
 present that coulde refrain from weping. But the 
 lordes recomforting him with as good wordes as they 
 could, and answering for the time as thei thought 
 to stand with his pleasure, there in his presence 
 (as by their wordes appered) eche forgaue other, 
 and loyned their hands together, when (as it after 
 appeared by their dedes) their hearts wer far a 
 sender. As sone as the king was departed, the 
 
 noble prince his sonne drew toward London, which 
 at the time of his decease, kept his houshold at 
 Ludlow in Wales. Which countrey being far of 
 from the law and recourse to iustice, was begon to 
 be farre oute of good wyll and waxen wild, robbers 
 and riuers walking at libertic vncorrected. And for 
 this encheason the prince was in the life of his father 
 sente thither, to the cnde that the authoritie of his 
 presence should refrainc euill disposed parsons fro 
 the baldness of their former outerages, to the gouer- 
 naunce and ordering of this yong prince at his 
 sending thyther, was there appointed Sir Anthony 
 Woduille lord Riuers and brother unto the queue, 
 a right honourable man, as valiaunte of hande as 
 politike in counsayle. Adioyned wer there vnto 
 him other of the same partie, and in effect euery 
 one as he M'as nerest of kin vnto the queue, so was 
 planted next about the prince. That drifte by the 
 quene not unwisely deuised, whereby her bloode 
 miglite of youth be rooted in the princes fauor, the 
 duke of Gloucester turned vnto their destruccion, 
 and upon that grounde set the foundacion of all his 
 vnhappy building. For whom soeuer he perceiued, 
 either at variance with them, or bearing himself 
 their fauor, hee brake vnto them, som by mouth, 
 som by writing or secret messengers, that it 
 neyther was reason nor in any wise to be suffered, 
 that the yong king their master and kinsmanne, 
 shoode bee in the handes and custodye of his 
 mothers kinred, sequestred in maner from theyr 
 compani, and attendance, of which cueri one ought 
 him as faithful seruice as they, and manye of them 
 far more honorable part of kin then his mothers 
 side : whose blood (quod he) sauing the kinges 
 pleasure, was ful vnmetely to be matched with his : 
 whiche nowe to be as who say remoued from the 
 kyng, and the lesse noble to be left aboute him, is 
 (quod he) neither honorable to hys magestie, nor 
 vnto vs, and also to his grace no surety to haue the 
 mightiest of his frendes from him, and vnto vs no 
 little ieopardy, to suffer our welproued euil willers, 
 to grow in ouergret authoritie with the prince in 
 youth, namely which is lighte of beliefe and sone 
 persvvaded. Ye remember I trow king Edward 
 himself, albeit he was a manne of age and of discre- 
 cion, yet was he in manye thynges ruled by the 
 bende, more then stode either with his honour, or 
 our profite, or with the commoditie of any manne 
 els, except onely the immoderate aduaunceuient of 
 them selfe. Whiche whither they sorer thristed 
 after their owne weale, or our woe, it wer harde I 
 wene to gesse. And if some folkes frendship had 
 not holden better place vvith the king, then any 
 
 b a?
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 respect of kinred, thei might peraduenture easily 
 have be trapped and brought to confusion soinme 
 of vs ere this. Why not as easily as they haue 
 done some other alreadye, as neere of his royal 
 bloode as we. But our Lord hath wrought his wil, 
 and thanke be to his grace that peril is paste. 
 Howe be it as great is growing, yf wee suffer this 
 yonge kyng in oure enemyes hande, whiche without 
 his wyttyng, might abuse the name of his commaun- 
 dements, to ani of our vndoing, which tliyng God 
 and good prouision forbyd. Of which good proui- 
 sion none of vs hath any thing the lesse nede, for 
 the late made attonemente, in whiche the kinoes 
 pleasure hadde more place then the parties willes. 
 Nor none of vs I beleue is so vnwyse, ouersone to 
 truste a newe frende made of an olde foe, or to 
 think that an houerly kindnes, sodainely contract in 
 one houre continued, yet scant a fortnight, shold be 
 deper setled in their stomackes : then a long accus- 
 tomed malice many yeres rooted. 
 
 With these worcles and wrytinges and suche 
 other, the duke of Gloucester sone set a fyre, them 
 that where of themself ethe to kindle, and in espe- 
 ciall twayne, Edwarde duke of Buckingham, and 
 Richarde lorde Hastinges and chaumherlayn, both 
 men of honour and of great power. The tone by 
 longe succession from his ancestrie, the tother by 
 his office and the kinges fauor. These two not 
 bearing eche to other so muche loue, as hatred 
 bothe vnto the queues partie : in thys poynt ac- 
 corded together wyth the duke of Gloucester, that 
 they wolde vtterlye amoue fro the kinges companye, 
 all his mothers frendes, vnder the name of their 
 enemyes. Vpon this concluded, the duke of 
 Gloucester vnderstandyng, that the lordes whiche 
 at that tyme were aboute the kyng, entended to 
 bryng him vppe to his coronacion, accoumpanied 
 with suche power of theyr frendes, that it shoulde 
 bee harde for hym to bryng his purpose to passe, 
 without the gathering and great assemble of people 
 and in maner of open warre, wherof the ende he 
 wiste was doubtous, and in which the kyng being 
 on their side, his part should haue the face and 
 name of a rebellion : he secretly therefore by diners 
 meanes, caused the quene to be perswaded and 
 brought in the mynd, that it neither wer nede, and 
 also shold be ieopardous, the king to come vp 
 strong. For where as nowe euery lorde loued 
 other, and none other thing studyed vppon, but 
 aboute the coronacion and honoure of the king : if 
 the lordes of her kinred shold assemble in the kinges 
 name muche people, thei should geue the lordes 
 atwixte whome and them hadde bene sommetyme 
 
 debate, to feare and suspecte, leste thei shoulde 
 gather thys people, not for the kynges sauegarde 
 whome no manne empugned, but for theyr destruc- 
 cion, hauying more regarde to their olde variaunce, 
 then their newe attonement. For whiche cause 
 thei shoulde assemble on the other partie muche 
 people agayne for their defence, whose power she 
 wyste wel farre stretched. And thus should al the 
 realme fall on a rore. And of al the hurte that 
 therof should ensue, which was likely not to be litel, 
 and the most harme there like to fal wher she lest 
 would, al the worlde woulde put her and her kinred 
 in the wyght, and say that thei had vnwysely and 
 vntrewlye also, broken the amitie and peace thai 
 the kyng her husband so prudentelye made, betwene 
 hys kinne and hers in his death bed, and whiche 
 the other party faithfully obserued. 
 
 The quene being in this wise perswaded, suche 
 woorde sent vnto her sonne, and vnto her brother 
 being aboute the kynge, and ouer that the duke of 
 Gloucester hymselfe and other lordes the chiefe of 
 hys bende, wrote vnto the kynge soo reuerentlye, 
 and to the queenes frendes, there soo louyngelye, 
 that they nothynge earthelye mystrustynge, broughte 
 the kynge vppe in greate haste, not in good spede, 
 with a sober coumpanye. Nowe was the king in 
 his waye to London gone, from Northampton, when 
 these dukes of Gloucester and Buckyngham came 
 thither. Where remained behynd, the lorde Ryuers 
 the kynges vncle, entendyng on the morrowe to 
 folow the kynge, and bee with hym at Stonye 
 Stratforde miles thence, earely or bee de- 
 
 parted. So was there made tiiat nyghte muche 
 frendely chere betwene these dukes and the lorde 
 Riuers a greate while. But incontinente after that 
 they were oppenlye with greate courtesy departed, 
 and the lorde Riuers lodged, the dukes secretelye 
 with a fewe of their moste priuye frendes, sette them 
 downe in counsayle, wherin they spent a great parte 
 of the nyght. And at their risinge in the dawyng 
 of the day, thei sent about priuily to their seruantes 
 in the innes and lodgynges about, geuinge them 
 commaundemente to make them selfe shortely 
 readye, for their lordes wer to horsebackward. 
 Vppon whiche messages, manye of their folke were 
 attendaunt, when manye of the lorde Riuers ser- 
 uantes were vnreadye. Nowe hadde these dukes 
 taken also into their custodye the kayes of the inne, 
 that none shoulde passe foorth without theyr 
 licence. 
 
 And ouer this in the hyghe waye towarde Stonye 
 Stratforde where the kynge laye, they hadde bee- 
 stowed certayne of theyr folke, that shoulde sende 
 
 33
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 backe agayne, and compell to letourne. anye manne 
 that were gotten oute of Northampton toward 
 Stonye Stratforde, tyll they should geue other 
 lycence. For as muche as the dukes themselte 
 entended for the shewe of theire dylygence, to hee 
 the fyrste that shoulde that daye attende vppon the 
 kynges highnesse oute of that towne : thus bare 
 they folke in hande. But when the lorde Ryuers 
 vndersttde the gates closed, and the wayes on 
 enerye side besette, neyther hys seruauntes nor 
 hymselfe suffered to go oute, parceiuyng well so 
 greate a thynge without his knowledge not begun 
 for noughte, comparyng this maner present with 
 this last nightes chere, in so few houres so gret a 
 chaunge maruelouslye niisliked. How be it sithe 
 hee could not get awaye, and keep himselfe close, 
 hee woulde not, leste he shoulde seeme to hyde 
 himselfe for some secret feare of hys owne faulte, 
 whereof he saw no such cause in hym self: he 
 determined vppon the suretie of his own conscience, 
 to goe boldelye to them, and inquire what thys 
 matter myghte meane. Whome as soone as they 
 sawe, they beganne to quarrell with hym, and saye, 
 that hee intended to sette distaunce beetweene the 
 kynge and them, and to brynge them to confusion, 
 but it shoulde not lye in hys power. And when 
 hee beganne (as hee was a very well spoken manne) 
 in goodly wise to excuse himself, they taryed not 
 the ende of his aunswere, but shortely tooke him 
 and putte him in warde, and that done, foorthwyth 
 wente to horsebacke, and tooke the waye to Stonye 
 Stratforde. Where they founde the kinge with his 
 companie readye to leape on horsebacke, and 
 departe forwarde, to leaue that lodging for them, 
 because it was to streighte for bothe coumpanies. 
 And as sone as they came in his presence, they 
 lighte adowne with all their companie aboute them. 
 To whome the duke of Buckingham saide, goe afore 
 gendemenne and yeomen, kepe your rowmes. 
 And thus in goodly arraye, thei came to the kinge, 
 and on theire knees in very humble wise, salued his 
 grace ; whiche receyued them in veiy ioyous and 
 amiable maner, nothinge earthlye knowing nor 
 mistrustinge as yet. But euen by and by in his 
 presence, they piked a quarrell to the lorde Rich- 
 arde Graye, the kynges other brother by his mother, 
 sayinge that hee with the lorde marques his brother 
 and the lorde Riuers his vncle, hadde coumpassed 
 to rule the kinge and the realme, and to sette vari- 
 aunce, among "the states, and to subdewe and de- 
 stroye the noble blood of the realm. Toward the 
 accoumplishinge whereof, they sayde that the lorde 
 ^iarques hadde entered into the Tower of London, 
 
 and thence taken out the kinges treason, and sent 
 menne to the sea. All whiche thinge these dukes 
 wiste well were done for good purposes and neces- 
 sari by the whole counsaile at London, sauing that 
 soumiewliat thei must sai. Vnto whiche woordes, 
 the king aunswered, what my brother Marques hath 
 done I cannot saie. But in good faith I dare well 
 aunswere for myne vncle Riuers and my brother 
 here, that thei be innocent of any such matters. 
 Ye my liege quod the duke of Buckingham thei haue 
 kejjtc theire dealing in these matters farre fro the 
 knowledge of your good grace. And foorthwith thei 
 arrested the lord Richarde and Sir Thomas Waughan 
 knighte, in the kinges presence, and broughte the 
 king and all backe vnto Northampton, whcie the 
 tooke againe further counsaile. And tliere they 
 sent awaie from the kinge whom it pleased them, 
 and sette newc seruantes aboute him, such as lyked 
 better them than him. At whiche dealinge hee 
 wepte and was nothing contente, but it booted not. 
 And at dyner the duke of Gloucester sente a dishe 
 from his owne table to the lord Riuers, prayinge 
 him to be of good chere, all should be well inough. 
 And he thanked the duke, and prayed the messen- 
 ger to beare it to his nephewe the lorde Richarde 
 with the same message for his comfort, who he 
 thought had more nede of coumfort, as one to whom 
 such aduersitie was straunge. But himself had 
 been al his dayes in vre therewith, and therefore 
 coulde beare it the better. But for al this coum- 
 fortable courtesye of the duke of Gloucester he 
 sent the lorde Riuers and the lorde Richarde with 
 Sir Thomas Vaughan into the Northe countrey 
 into diners places to prison , and afterward al 
 to Pomfrait, where they were in conclusion be 
 headed. 
 
 A letter written with a cole by Sir Thomas More 
 to hys doughter maistres Margaret Roper, 
 within a whyle after he was a prisoner in the 
 Tower. 
 
 ]1# YNE own good doughter, our lorde be thanked 
 I am in good helthe of bodye and in good 
 quiet of minde : and of worldlv thynges I no more 
 desyer then I haue. I besech hym make vou all 
 mery in the hope of heauen. And such thvnges as 
 I somewhat longed to talke with you all, concern- 
 ing the worlde to come, our Lorde put theim into 
 your myndes, as I truste he dothe and better to by 
 hys holy si)irite : who blesse you and preserue vou 
 all. Written wyth a cole by your tender louing 
 father, who in hys pore prayers forgetteth none of 
 
 39
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 you all, nor your babes, nor your nurses, nor your 
 good husbandes, nor your good husbandes shrevvde 
 wyues, nor your fathers shrewde wyfe neither, nor 
 our other frendes. And thus fare ye hartely well 
 for lacke of paper. 
 
 Thomas More, knight. 
 
 Two short ballettes which Sir Thomas More made 
 for hys pastime while he was prisoner in the 
 Tower of London. 
 
 E 
 
 Lewys the lost louer. 
 
 Y flattering fortune, loke thou neuer so fayrc. 
 Or neuer so plesantly begin to smile, 
 As though thou wouldst my ruine all repayre. 
 During my life thou shalt not me begile. 
 Trust shall I God, to entre in a while. 
 Hys hauen or heauen sure and viiiforme 
 Euer after thy calme, loke I for a storme. 
 
 Dauy the dycer. 
 
 T ONG was I lady Lucke your serumg man, 
 And now haue lost agayne all that I gat, 
 Wherfore whan I thinke on you nowe and than, 
 And in my mynde remember this and that. 
 Ye may not blame me though I beshrew your cat, 
 But in fayth I blesse you agayne a thousand times, 
 For lending me now some laysure to make rymes. 
 
 At the same time with Sir Thomas More lived 
 Skelton, the poet laureate of Henry VHI. from 
 whose works it seems proper to insert a few stanzas, 
 though he cannot be said to have attained great ele- 
 gance of language. 
 
 The Prologue to the Bouge of Courte. 
 
 TN Autumpne when the sonne in vyrgyne 
 
 By radyante hete enryped hath our come 
 Whan Luna full of mutabylyte 
 As Emperes the dyademe hath worne 
 Of our pole artyke, smylynge halfe in ascorne 
 At our foly, and our vnstedfastnesse 
 The time whan Mars to warre hym dyd dres. 
 I callynge to mynde the greate auctoryte 
 Of poetes olde, whiclie full craftely 
 Vndcr as couerte termes as coulde be 
 Can touche a trouth, and cloke subtylly 
 With fresshe vtteraunce full sentencyously 
 Dyuerse in style some spared not wee to wryte 
 Some of mortalitie nobly did endyte 
 
 Whereby I rede, theyr renome and theyr fame 
 Maye neuer dye, but euermore endure 
 I was soi'e moued to a forse the same 
 ]3ut ignoraunce full soone dyd me dyscure 
 And shewed that in this arte I was not sure 
 For to illumine she sayd I was to dulle 
 Aduysynge me my penne awaye to pulle 
 
 And not to wryte, for he so wyll atteyne 
 Excedyng ferther than his connynge is 
 His heed maye be harde, but feble is brayne 
 Yet haue I knowen suche er this 
 But of reproche surely he maye not mys 
 That clymmeth hyer than he may fotinge haue 
 What and he slyde downe, who shall hym saue ? 
 
 Thus vp and downe my mynde was drawen and 
 cast 
 That I ne wyste what to do was beste 
 So sore enwered that I was at the laste 
 Enforsed to slepe, and for to take some reste 
 And to lye downe as soone as I my dreste 
 At Harwyche porte slumbrynge as I laye 
 In myne hostes house called powers keye. 
 
 Of the wits that flourished in the reign of Henrt 
 VIII. none has been more frequently celebrated 
 than the earl of Surry; and this history would 
 therefore have been imperfect without some speci- 
 mens of his works, which yet it is not easy to 
 distinguish from those of Sir Thomas Wyat and 
 others, with which they are confounded in the 
 edition that has fallen into my hands. The three 
 first are, I believe, Surry's; the rest, being of the 
 same age, are selected, some as examples of diffisrent 
 measures, and one as the oldest composition which 
 I have found in blank verse. 
 
 Descripcion of Spring, wherein eche thing renews, 
 save only the lover. 
 
 TPHE soote season that bud, and bloom fourth 
 
 bringes. 
 With grene hath cladde the hyll, and eke the vale, 
 The Nigtitingall with fethers new she singes ; 
 The turtle to her mate hath told the tale : 
 Somer is come, for every spray now springes, 
 The hart hath hunge hys olde head on the pale, 
 The bucke in brake his winter coate he flynges ; 
 The fishes flete with newe repayred scale : 
 The adder all her slough away she flynges. 
 The swift swallow pursueth the flyes smalle, 
 The busy bee her honey how she mynges ; 
 Winter is worne that was the floures bale. 
 And thus I see among these pleasant thynges 
 Eche care decayes, and yet my sorrow sprynges. 
 I 40
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Descripcion of the restless estate of a lover. 
 
 Tl/'HEN youth had led me half the race, 
 
 That Cupides scourge had made me runne : 
 I looked back to meet the place, 
 From whence my weary course begunne : 
 
 And then I saw howe my desyre 
 Misguiding me had led the waye. 
 Myne eyne to greedy of theyre hyre, 
 Had made me lose a better prey. 
 
 For when in sighes I spent the day, 
 And could not cloake my grief with game ; 
 The boyling smoke dyd still bewray. 
 The present heat of secret flame : 
 
 And when salt teares do bayne my breast, 
 Where love his pleasant traynes hath sown, 
 Her beauty hath the fruytes opprest. 
 Ere that the buddes were spronge and blowne. 
 
 And when myne eyen dyd still pursue, 
 The flying chase of theyre request ; 
 Theyre greedy looks did oft renew. 
 The hydden wounde within my breste. 
 
 When every loke these cheekes might stayne. 
 From dedly pale to glowing red ; 
 By outward signes appeared playne, 
 To her for helpe my harte was fled. 
 
 But all to late Love learneth me. 
 To paynt all kynd of Colours new ; 
 To blynd theyre eyes that else should see 
 My speckled chekes with Cupides hew. 
 
 And now the covert brest I clame, 
 That worshipt Cupide secretely ; 
 And nourished hys sacred flame. 
 From whence no blairing sparks do flye. 
 
 Descripcion of the fickle Affections, Pangs, and 
 Sleightes of Love. 
 
 CUCH wayward wayes hath Love, that most part 
 
 in discord 
 Our willes do stand, whereby our hartes but seldom 
 
 do accord : 
 
 Decyte is hys delighte, and to begyle and mocke 
 The simple hartes which he doth strike with froward 
 
 divers stroke. 
 He causeth th' one to rage with golden burning 
 
 darte. 
 And doth alay with Leaden cold, again the others 
 
 harte, 
 Whose gleames of burning fyre and easy sparkes of 
 
 flame, 
 In balance of unequal weyght he pondereth by ame 
 
 From easye ford where I myghte wade and pass full 
 
 well, 
 He me withdrawes and doth me drive, into a depe 
 
 dark hell : 
 And me witholdes where I am calde and off'red 
 
 place. 
 And willes me that my mortal foe I do beseke of 
 
 Grace ; 
 He lettes me to pursue a conquest welnere wonne 
 To follow where my paynes were lost, ere that my 
 
 sute begunne. 
 So by this means I know how soon a hart may 
 
 turne 
 From warre to peace, from truce to stryfe, and so 
 
 agayne returne. 
 I know how to content myself in others lust, 
 Of little stufte unto my self to weave a webbe of 
 
 trust : 
 And how to hyde my harmes with sole dyssembling 
 
 chere, 
 Whan in my face the painted thoughtes would out- 
 wardly appeare. 
 I know how that the bloud forsakes the face for 
 
 dred, 
 And how by shame it staynes agayne the Chekes 
 
 with flaming red : 
 I know under the Grene, the Serpent how he 
 
 lurkes : 
 The hammer of the restless forge I wote eke how it 
 
 workes. 
 I know and con by roate the tale that I woulde tell 
 But ofte the wordes cyme fourth awrye of him that 
 
 loveth well. 
 I know in heate and colde the Lover how he 
 
 shakes. 
 In synging howe he doth complayne, in sleeping how 
 
 he wakes 
 To languish without ache, sickelesse for to con- 
 sume, 
 A thousand thynges for to devise, resolvynge of his 
 
 fume ; 
 And though he lyste to see his Ladyes Grace full 
 
 sore 
 Such pleasures as delyght his Eye, do not his helthe 
 
 restore. 
 I know to seke the tracte of my desyred foe. 
 And fere to fynde that I do seek, but chiefly this I 
 
 know. 
 That Lovers must transfourme into the thynge be- 
 loved. 
 And live (alas ! who would believe '^) with sfwite 
 from Lyfe removed. 
 
 41
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 I knowe in harty sighes and laughters of the 
 
 spleene, 
 At once to chaunge my state, my will, and eke my 
 
 colour cleue, 
 I know how to decey ve my self wy the others helpe, 
 And how tlie Lyon chastised is, by beatyng of the 
 
 \vhelpe. 
 In standynge nere the fyre, I know how that I 
 
 frease ; 
 Farre of I burne, in bothe I waste, and so my Lyfe 
 
 I leese. 
 I know how Love doth rage upon a yeylding 
 
 mynde, 
 How smalle a nete may take and mase a harte of 
 
 gentle kynde : 
 Or else with seldom swete to season hepes of gall, 
 Revived with a glympse of Grace old sorrowes to 
 
 let fall. 
 The hydden traynes I know, and secret snares of 
 
 Love, 
 How soone a loke will prynte a thoughte that never 
 
 may remove. 
 The slypper state I know, the sodein turnes from 
 
 welthe 
 The doubtfull hope, the certaine wooe, and sure 
 
 despaired helthe. 
 
 A praise of his ladie. 
 
 G^ 
 
 -EVE place you ladies and be gone, 
 Boast not your selves at all, 
 For here at hande approacheth one, 
 Whose face will stayne you all. 
 
 The vertue of her lively lookes 
 Excel the precious stone, 
 I wishe to have none other bookes 
 To reade or look upon. 
 
 In eclie of her two christall eyes, 
 Smyleth a naked boy ; 
 It woulde you all in heart suffise 
 To see that lampe of joye. 
 
 I think nature hath lost the moulde, 
 Where she her shape did take ; 
 Or else I dnubte if nature coulde 
 So fayre a creature make. 
 
 She may be well comparde 
 Unto the Phenix kinde, 
 Whose like was never scene nor heard, 
 That any man can fynde. 
 
 In lyfe she is Diana chast 
 In trouth Penelopey, 
 In woord and eke in dede stedfast ; 
 What n ill you more we say : 
 
 If all the world were sought so farre, 
 Wiio could finde suche a wight. 
 Her beauty twinkletb lyke a starre 
 Within the frosty night. 
 
 The Lover refused of his lore, embraceth vertue. 
 
 "P^Y youthfull yeares are past, 
 
 Aly joyful! dayes are gone, 
 My lyfe it may not last, 
 ]\Iy grave and I am one. 
 
 ]\Iy myrth and joyes are fled, 
 And I a Man in wo, 
 Desirous to be ded, 
 Mj' mischiefe to forgo. 
 
 I burne and am a colde, 
 I freese amyddes the fyer, 
 I see she doth witholde 
 That is my honest desyre. 
 
 I see my helpe at hande, 
 I see my lyfe also, 
 I see where she doth stande 
 That is my deadly fo. 
 
 I see how she doth see, 
 And yet she will be blynde, 
 I see in helpyng me. 
 She sekes and wil not fynde. 
 
 I see how she doth wrye, 
 When I begynne to mone, 
 I see when I come nye, 
 How fayne she would be gone. 
 
 I see what wil ye more, 
 She will me gladly kill. 
 And you shall see therfore 
 That she shall have her will. 
 
 I cannot live with stones, 
 It is too hard a foode, 
 I wil be dead at ones 
 To do my Lady good. 
 
 The death of ZOROAS, an Egiptian astronomer, 
 in the first fight that Alexander had with the 
 Persians. 
 
 ]VOW clattring armes, now raging broyls of warre, 
 
 Gan passe the noys of dredfull trumpets clang, 
 
 Shrowded with shafts, the heaven with cloude of 
 
 dartes, 
 Covered the ayre. Against full fatted bulles, 
 As forceth kyndled yre the lyons keene, 
 Whose greedy guts the gnawing hunger prickes ; 
 So Macedons against the Persians fare, 
 
 43 
 
 1
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Now corpses hyde the purpurde soyle with blood : 
 Large slaughter on eche side, but Perses more, 
 Moyst fieldes bebled, theyr heartes and numbers 
 
 bate 
 Fainted while they gave backe, and fall to flighte. 
 The litening Macedon by swordes, by gleaves, 
 By bandes and troupes of footmen, with his garde, 
 Speedes to Dary, but hym his merest kyn, 
 Oxate preserves with horsemen on a plumpe 
 Before his carr, that none his charge should give. 
 Here grunts, here groans, eche where strong youth 
 
 is spent : 
 Shaking her bloudy hands, Bellone among 
 The Perses soweth all kind of cruel death : 
 M'ith throte yrent he roares, he lyeth along 
 His entrailes with a launce through gryded quyte, 
 Hym smytes the club, hym woundes farre stryking 
 
 bowe. 
 And hym the sling, and him the shining sword ; 
 He dyeth, he is all dead, he pantes, he restes. 
 Right over stoode in snowwhite armour brave. 
 The Memphite Zoroas, a cunnyng clarke, 
 To whom the heaven lay open as his booke ; 
 And in celestiall bodies he could tell 
 The moving meeting light, aspect eclips, 
 And influence, and constellations all ; 
 What earthly chaunces ^vould betyde, what yere, 
 Of plenty storde, what singe forewarned death, 
 How winter gendreth snow, what temperature 
 In the prime tyde doth season well the soyle, 
 Why summer burnes, why autumne hath ripe 
 
 gi-apes, 
 Whither the circle quadrate may become, 
 Whether our tunes heavens harmony can yelde 
 Of four begyns among themselves how great 
 Proportion is ; what sway the erring lightes 
 Doth send in course gayne that fyrst movyng 
 
 heaven ; 
 ^^ hat grees one from another distance be, 
 What Starr doth lett the hurtfull fyre to rage. 
 Or him more mylde what opposition makes. 
 What fyre doth qualifye jMavorses fyre, 
 Vi hat house eche one doth seeke, what plannett 
 
 raignes 
 
 ^V ithin this heaven sphere, nor that small thynges 
 I speake, whole heaven he closeth in his brest. 
 This sage then in the starres hath spyed the fates 
 Threatned him death without delay, and, sith, 
 He saw he could not fatall order chaunge, 
 Foreward he prest in battayle, that he might 
 Mete with the rulers of the Macedons, 
 Of his right hand desirous to be slain, 
 The bouldest borne, and worthiest in the feilde ; | 
 
 And as a wight, now wery of his lyfe, 
 And seking death, in fyrst front of his rage, 
 Comes desperately to Alexanders face, 
 At him with dartes one after other throwes. 
 With recklesse wordes and clamour him provokes. 
 And sayth, Nectanaks bastard shamefuU stayne 
 Of mothers bed, why losest thou thy strokes, 
 Cowardes among, Turn thee to me, in case 
 Manhood there be so much left in thy heart, 
 Come fight with me, that on my helmet weare 
 Apollo's laurell both for learmnges laude, 
 And eke for martiall praise, that in my shielde 
 The seven fold Sophie of Minerva contein, 
 A match more mete, Syr King, then any here. 
 The noble prince amoved takes rutli upon 
 The wilfuU wight, and with soft words ayen, 
 
 monstrous man (quoth he) what so thou art, 
 
 1 pray thee live, ne do not with thy death 
 This lodge of Lore, the Muses mansion marre ; 
 That treasure house this hand shall never spoyle, 
 My sword shall neuer bruise that skilfuil brayne. 
 Long gather'd heapes of science sone to spill ; 
 
 O how fayre fruites may you to mortall men 
 From Wisdoms garden give ; how many may 
 By you the wiser and the better prove : 
 What error, M'hat mad moode, Mhat frenzy thee 
 Perswades to be downe, sent to depe Averne, 
 Where no artes flourish, nor no knowledge vailes 
 For all these sawes. When thus the Sovereign 
 
 said, 
 Alighted Zoroas with sword unsheathed, 
 The careless king there smoate above the greve, 
 At th' opening of his quishes wounded him, 
 So that the blood down trailed on the ground ; 
 The Macedon perceiving hurt, gan gnashe, 
 But yet his mynde he bent in any wise 
 Hym to forbeare, sett spurrs upon his stede. 
 And turnde away, lest anger of his smai'te 
 Should cause revenger hand deale balefull blowes. 
 But of the Macedonian chieftaines knights, 
 One Meleager could not bear this sight. 
 But ran upon the said Egyptian rude. 
 And cutt him in bothe knees : he fell to ground, 
 Wherewith a whole rout came of souldiours sterne, 
 And all in pieces hewed the sely seg. 
 But happely the scale fled to the starres, 
 Where, under him, he hath full sight of all. 
 Whereat he gazed here with reaching looke. 
 The Persians waild such sapience to forgoe. 
 The very fone the Macedonians wisht 
 He would ha%e lived, king Alexander selfe 
 Demde him a man unmete to dye at all ; 
 Who wonne like praise for conquest of his Yre 
 
 43
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE 
 
 As for stoute men in field that day subdued, 
 Who princes taught how to discerne a man, 
 That in his head so rare a jewel beares, 
 But over all those same Camenes, those same, 
 Divine Carmenes, whose honour he procurde, 
 As tender parent doth his daughters weale. 
 Lamented, and for thankes, all that they can, 
 Do cherish hym deceast, and sett him free. 
 From dark oblivion of devouring death. 
 
 Barclay wrote about 1550; his chief work is 
 the Ship of Fooles, of which the following ex- 
 tract will shew his style. 
 
 Of Mockers and Scorners, and false Accusers. 
 
 Q HEARTLESS fooles, haste here to our doc- 
 trine, 
 Leaue off" the wayes of your enormitie, 
 Enforce you to my preceptes to encline, 
 For here shall I shewe you good and veritie : 
 Encline, and ye finde shall great prosperitie. 
 Ensuing the doctrine of our fathers olde, 
 And godly lawes in valour worth great golde. 
 
 Who that will follow the graces manyfolde 
 Which are in vertue, shall find auauncement : 
 Wherfore ye fooles, that in your sinne are bolde, 
 Ensue ye wisdome, and leaue your lewde intent, 
 Wisdome is the way of men most excellent : 
 Therfore haue done, and shortly spede your pace, 
 To quaynt your self and company with grace. 
 
 Learne what is vertue, therin is great solace, 
 Learne what is truth, sadnes and prudence, 
 Let grutche be gone, and grauitie purchase, 
 Forsake your folly and inconuenience, 
 Cease to be fooles, and ay to sue offence, 
 Followc ye vertue, chiefe roote of godlynes, 
 For it and wisedome is ground of clenlynes. 
 
 Wlsedome and vertue two thinges are doubtles, 
 Whiche man endueth with honour speciall. 
 But suche heartes as slepe in foolishnes 
 Knoweth nothing, and will nought know at all : 
 But in this little barge in principall 
 All foolish mockers I purpose to repreue, 
 Clawe he his backe that feeleth itche or greue. 
 
 Mockers and scorners that are harde of beleue. 
 With a rough combe here will I clawe and grate, 
 To proue if they will from their vice remeue. 
 And leaue their folly, which causeth great debate : 
 Suche caytiues spare neyther poore man nor estate. 
 And where their selfe are most worthy derision. 
 Other men to scorne is all their most condition. 
 
 Yet are mo fooles of this abusion, 
 Whiche of wise men despiseth the doctrine. 
 With mowes, mockes, scorne, and collusion, 
 Rewarding rebukes for their good discipline : 
 Shewe to suche wisdome, yet shall they not encline 
 Unto the same, but set nothing therby. 
 But mocke thy doctrine, still or openly. 
 
 So in the worlde it appeareth commonly, 
 That who that will a foole rebuke or blame, 
 A mocke or mowe shall he haue by and by : 
 Thus in derision haue fooles their speciall game. 
 Correct a wise man that would eschue ill name. 
 And fayne woulde learne, and liis lewde life amende. 
 And to thy wordes he gladly shall intende. 
 
 If by misfortune a rightwise man offende, 
 He gladly suffereth a iuste correction, 
 And him that him teacheth laketh for his frende, 
 Him selfe putting mekely unto subiection, 
 Folowing his preceptes and good direction : 
 But yf that one a foole rebuke or blame, 
 He shall his teacher hate, slaunder and diffame. 
 
 Howbeit his wordes oft turne to his own shame, 
 And his owne dartes retourne to him agayne, 
 And so is he sore wounded with the same, 
 And in wo endeth, great misery and payne. 
 It also proued full often is certayne. 
 That they that on mockers alway their mindes 
 
 cast, 
 Sliall of all other be mocked at the last. 
 
 He that goeth right, stedfast, sure, and fast, 
 ]\Iay him well mocke that goeth halting and lame, 
 And he that is white may well his scornes cast 
 Agaynst a man of Inde : but no man ought to blame 
 Anothers vice, while he vseth the same. 
 But who that of sinne is cleane in deede and 
 
 thought. 
 May him well scorne whose lining is starke nought. 
 
 The scornes of Naball full dere should haue been 
 bought. 
 If Abigayl his wife discrete and sage, 
 Had not by kindnes right crafty meanes sought. 
 The wrath of Dauid to temper and asswage. 
 Hath not two beares in their fury and rage 
 Two and fortie children rent and torne. 
 For they the prophet Helyseus did scorne. 
 
 So might they curse the time that they were 
 borne, 
 For their mocking of this prophete diuine : 
 So many other of this sort often mourne 
 For their lewde mockes, and fall into mine. 
 Thus it is foly for wise men to incline. 
 To this lewde flocke of fooles, for see thou shall 
 
 Them moste scorning that are most bad of all. 
 
 44
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 The Lenuoy of Barclay to the fooles. 
 
 YE mocking fooles that in scorne set your ioy, 
 Proudly despising Gods punition : 
 Take ye example by Cham the sonne of Noy, 
 Which laughed his father vnto derision, 
 Which him after cursed for his transgression, 
 And made him seruaunt to all his lyne and stocke. 
 So shall ye caytifs at the conclusion, 
 Since ye are nought, and other scorne and mocke. 
 
 About the year 1553 wrote Dr. Wilson, a man 
 celebrated for the politeness of his style, and the ex- 
 tent of his knowledge : what was the state of our 
 language in his time, the following may be of use 
 to show. 
 
 PRONUNCIATION is an apte orderinge both 
 of the voyce, countenaunce, and all the whole 
 bodyc, accordynge to the worthines of suche 
 woordes and matter as by speache are declared. 
 The vse hereof is suche for anye one that liketh to 
 haue prayse for tellynge his tale in open assemblie, 
 that hauing a good tongue, and a comelye counte- 
 naunce, he shal be thought to passe all other that 
 haue the like vtteraunce : thoughe they haue much 
 better learning. The tonge geueth a certayne grace 
 to euerye matter, and beautifieth the cause in like 
 maner, as a swete soundynge lute muche setteth 
 forthe a meanne deuised ballade. Or as the sounde 
 of a good instrumente styrreth the hearers, and 
 nioueth much delite, so a cleare soundyng voice 
 
 comforteth muche our deintie eares with muche 
 swete melodie, and causeth vs to allowe the matter 
 rather for the reporters sake, then the reporter for 
 the matters sake. Demosthenes therfore, that 
 famouse oratour, beyng asked what was the chiefest 
 point in al oratorie, gaue the chiefe and onely praise 
 to Pronunciation ; being demaunded, what was the 
 seconde, and the thirde, he still made aunswere, 
 Pronunciation, and would make none other aun- 
 swere, till they lefte askyng, declaryng hereby that 
 arte without vtteraunce can dooe nothyng, vtter- 
 aunce without arte con dooe riglit muche. And no 
 doubte that man is inoutwarde appearaunce half a 
 good clarke, that hath a cleane tongue, and a comely- 
 gesture of his body. .Eschines lykwyse beyng ban- 
 nished his countrie through Demosthenes, when he 
 had redde to the Rhodians his own oration, and 
 Demosthenes aunswere thereunto, by force whereof 
 he was bannished, and all they marueiled muche at 
 the excellencie of the same : then (q d vEschines) 
 you would have marueiled muche more if you had 
 heard hymselfe speak it. Thus beyng cast in 
 miserie and bannished for euer, he could not but 
 geue suche greate reporte of his deadly and mortal 
 ennemy. 
 
 Thus have I deduced the English language 
 from the age of Alfred to that of Elizabeth ; 
 in some parts imperfectly for want of materials ; 
 but I hope, at least, in such a manner that its pro- 
 gress may be easily traced, and the gradations 
 observed, by which it advanced from its first rude- 
 ness to its present elegance.
 
 GRAMMAR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 /^ RAMMAR, which is the art of using zvords propirli/, 
 ^-^ comprises four parts ; Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, 
 and Prosody. 
 
 In tlii* division and order of tlie parts of grammar I follow the common 
 grammarians, witliout enqnirinf; whether a fitter distribution miglit not be 
 found. Experience has long shown this method to be so distinct as to obviate 
 confiisiun, and so comprehensive as to prevent any inconvenient omissions. 
 1 likewise use the terms already received, and already understood, though 
 perhaps others more proper miglit sometimes be indented. S\lburgiu5, and 
 other innovators, whose new terms have sunk their learning into neglect, have 
 left sufficient warning against the trilling ambition of teachingarts in a new 
 language. 
 
 Orthography is the art of combining letters into si/l/a- 
 bles, and syllables into words. It therefore teaches previously 
 the form and sound of letters. 
 
 The letters of the English language are, 
 
 Saxon. Roman. Italick. Old Eng. Name. 
 
 XaAa A a Sa a 
 
 BbBb B b T& h be 
 
 E c C c C c C c see 
 
 Db Dd D d DD dee 
 
 GeEe E e (Be e 
 
 F p F f F f JF r eff 
 
 DsGg G g (So ,;■« 
 
 }) h H h H h !& I) aitch 
 
 ] 1 I i I i it (or ja 
 
 J j J j 3 j j consonant, 
 
 Kk Kk K k R6 ka 
 
 LI LI LI HI el 
 
 CD m Mm Mm S© m em 
 
 Nn Nn N n Jl2n en 
 
 Oo Oo O o S> o] o 
 
 P p P p P p Vl> V pfe 
 
 Q c)) Q q Q q an a cue 
 
 R ji U r R r R t j or 
 
 8 IT S fs S fs © f a es« 
 
 T r T t T t ?r t tee 
 
 U u U u U u (3 u u (or va 
 
 V V y V V V \3 V consonant, 
 
 lUp Ww w w aaatD double u 
 
 Xx Xx X X X f ex 
 
 Yy Yy Y y 5'P wy 
 
 Zz Zz Z z 55 zed, more com- 
 
 monly izzard or 
 uzzard, that is s 
 hard. 
 
 To these may be added certain combinations of letters fre- 
 quently used in printing ; as ft, ft, fl, fl, (b, fl<, ff, fl", fi, fll, fi, ffi, 
 m, ffl, and &, or and per see, and 0:,Jl,fl,Jl,fi,Jb,Jl,ff,ff,ft, 
 
 I',fi,ffi,jrhffl,JIi, 4- a. a. fl> fl. ff. ff. 8. fi. ft. ffl. % ffi. <5. «•, 
 
 Our letters arc commonljr reckoned twenty-four, because ancieflUy i aitd 
 j, as well as u and v, were expressed by the same character ; but as tliose let- 
 ters, wliich had always different powers, have now dirtVrent forms, our alpha- 
 bet may be properly said to consist of twentv-six letters. 
 
 None of the small consonants have a double form, except/, s; of which /" 
 is used at the beginning and middle, and s at the end. 
 
 Vowels are five, a, e, i, o, u. 
 Such is the number generally received ; but for i it is the 
 practice to write y in tlie ends of words, as thy, holy; before i, 
 as from die, dying; from beautify, beautifi/iug ; in tlie words 
 says\ days, eyes; and in words derived fi'om the Greek, and 
 written originally with v, as system, a-vrryiy.u; sympathy, 
 
 For 21 we often write w after a vowel, to make adiphthong; 
 as raw, grew, view, vow, jloiving, loimcss. 
 The sounds of all the letters are various. 
 
 Ill treating on tlie letters, I shall nut, like some other grammarians, enqulie 
 into the urigmal of their form, as an antiquarian ; nor into their fnnnatinn and 
 prolatiun by the organs of speech, as a mechanick, anatomist, or physiologist ; 
 nor into the properties and gradation of sounds, or the elegance or harshness 
 of particular combinations, as a writer of universal and transcendental gram- 
 mar. 1 consider the English alphabet only as it is English ; and even in this 
 narrow disquisition, 1 fallow the example of former grammarians, perhaps 
 with more reverence than judgment, because by writing in English I suppose 
 my reader already acquainted with the English language, and consecjuently 
 able to (mmounce the letters, of which I teach the pronunciation ; and hecan^e 
 of sounds in general it may be observed, tiiat words are unable to describe 
 tliem. An account therefore of the primitive and simple letters is uselessal- 
 most alike to those who know their sound, and those who know it not. 
 
 Of VOWELS. 
 A. 
 
 A has three sounds, the slender, open and broad. 
 A slender is found in most words, as face, mane; and in 
 words endinjT in alion, as creation, salvation, generation. 
 
 The a slender i^ the proper Englisha, called very justly hy Er[ienius, in his 
 Arahick Grammar, a An^ticum cum e mistum, as having a middle suund be- 
 tween the open a and thee. The French have a simila. sound in the word 
 pais, and in their e masculine. 
 
 yl open is the a of the Italian, or nearly resembks it ; as 
 father, rather, congratulate, fancy, glass. 
 
 A broad resembles the a of the German ; as all, wall, call. 
 
 Rlanv words pronounced with a broad were anciently written with au, as 
 fault, mault; and we still say J unit, vault. This was probably the Saxon 
 sound, for it is yet retained in the northern dialects, and in the rustick pro- 
 nunciation ; as maun for man, haund for hand. 
 
 The short a approaches lothe a open, as grass. 
 
 The long a, if prolonged by e at the end of the word, is al- 
 ways slender, as graze, fame. 
 
 A forms a 'iplitlioiigonly with i or^, and u or to. Aior ay, 
 as in plain, tvain, gay, clay, has only the sound of the long 
 and slender a, and differs not in the pronunciation from plane, 
 wane. 
 
 Au or aw has the sound of the German «, as raw, naughty. 
 Ae is sometimes found in Latin words not completely naturalised or assimi- 
 lated, but is no Englishdiplithong; and is more properly expressed by single 
 e, as Cesa?", Entas. .z^
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE- 
 
 E is the letter wiiich occurs most frequently in the Eiiglisii language. 
 
 E is long, as in scene ; or sliort, as in cellar, separate, cSh- 
 brate, men, then. 
 
 It is always short before a double consonant, or two conso- 
 nants, as in vex, pcrplexiti/, relent, medlar, reptile, Serpent, 
 cSllar, Cessation, blessing, fill, filling, debt. 
 
 E is always mute at the cntl of a word, except in monosyl- 
 lables that liave no other vowel, as the ; or proper names as 
 Penelope, Phebe, Derbe ; being used to modify the foregoing 
 consonant, as since, once, hedge, cblige; or to lengthen the pre- 
 ceding vowel, as biin, bane; can, cane ; pin, pine ; tti/i, trine; 
 rdb, robe; pup, pope ; fin; fire ; ciir, cure; tab, tube. 
 
 Ahnost all words which now terminate in consonants ended anciently in e, 
 as year, yeare; wUdness,wiUlne^e ; which e probably had the force of the French 
 e feminine, and constituted a syllable with its associate consonant ; for, in old 
 editions, words are sometimes divided thus, c/(?a-7-e,_/e/-/e, knowted-ge. This e 
 was perhaps for a time vocal or silent in poetry, as convenience required ; 
 but it has been long wholly mute. Camden in his Remains calls it the silent c. 
 
 It does not always lengthen the foregoing vowel as glove, 
 live, give. 
 
 It has sometimes in the end of words a sound obscure, and 
 scarcely perceptible, as open, shapen, shotten, thistle, parti- 
 ciple, lucre. 
 
 This faintness of sound is found when e separates a mute from a liquid, as 
 in rotten; or follows a mute and liquid, as in cattle. 
 
 E forms adiphthongwith a, as near; with i, as deign, re- 
 ceive ; and with u or w, as new,Jlew. 
 
 Ea sounds like e long, as mean ; or like ee, as dear, clear, 
 near. 
 
 Ei is sounded like e long, as seize, perceiving. 
 
 Eu sounds as u long and soft. 
 
 E, a, u, are combined in beauty and its derivatives, but have 
 only the sound of m. 
 
 E may be said to form a dipthong by reduplication, as agree, 
 sleeping. 
 
 Eo is found in yeoman, where it is sounded as e short ; and iiipeaple, where it 
 u pronounced like ee. 
 
 I. 
 
 /has a sound, long, as fine; and short as fin. 
 That is eminently observable in i, which may be likewise remarked in 
 other letters, that the short sound is not the long sound contracted, but a sound 
 wholly diftcrent. 
 
 The long sound in monosyllables is always marked by the e 
 final, as thin, thine. 
 
 I is often sounded before r as a short u; asjlirt, first, shirt. 
 
 It forms a diphthong only with e, as field, shield, which is 
 sounded as the double ee; except friend, which is sounded as 
 frend. 
 
 I is joined with eu in ileu, and ew in view; which triptliongs are sounded as 
 the open u. 
 
 o. 
 
 O is long, as bone, obedient, corroding; or short, as block, 
 knock, oblique, loll. 
 
 Women is pronounced wimen. 
 
 The short o has sometimes the sound of a close u, as son, come. 
 O coalesces into adi] rtl org with a, as moan, groan, ap- 
 proach ; oa has the sound of o long. 
 
 O is united to e in some words derived from Greek, as teconomv, but oe being 
 not an English diplithoug they ate better written as they are sounded, with 
 only e, economtf. 
 
 With (, as 0(7, soil, moil, noisome. 
 
 This coalition of letters seems to unite the sounds of the two letters as far as 
 two sounds can be united without being destroyed, and therefore approaches 
 more nearly than any combination in our tongue to the notion of a dipthong. 
 
 With o,as boot, hoot, cooler; oo has the sound of the Italian u. 
 
 With u or tv, as our, power, flower ; but in some words has 
 only the sound of o long, as in sotil, bowl, sow, grow. These 
 different sounds are usetl to distingush different "significations, 
 as bow, an instrument for shooting ; bow, a depression of the 
 
 head : sow, the site of a boar ; sow, to scatter seed : bowl, an 
 orbicular body ; bowl, a wooden vessel. 
 
 Ou is sometimes pronounced like o soft, as court ; sometimes 
 like short, as cough; sometimes like u close, as could; or « 
 open, as rough, tough ; which use only can teach. 
 
 Ou is frequemly used in the last sylhible of words which in Latin end in er, 
 and are made Ejiglish, as honour, labimr,jawur, from honnr, lalior, favor. 
 
 Sonie late innovators have ejected then, without considering that tlie last 
 syllable gives the sound neither of or nor ur, but a sound between them, if not 
 Compounded of both ; besides that they are probably derived to us from the 
 irench nouns in ear, as huneurj'aveur. 
 
 u. 
 
 f/is long in use, confusion; or short, as its, conciission. 
 
 It coalesces with a, e, i, o ; but has rather in these combina- 
 tions the force of the tv, as quaff, quest, quit, quite, languish ; 
 sometimes in ui the i loses its sound, as in juice. It is some- 
 times mute before a, e, i, y, as guard, guest, guise, buy. 
 
 f/is followed by cin uirtue, but thee has no sound. 
 
 Ue is sometimes mute at the end of a word, in imitation of tlie French, as 
 prorogue, synagogue, plague, vague, harangue. 
 
 Y. 
 
 F is a vowel, which, as Quintilian observes of one of the Ro- 
 man letters, we might want without inconvenience, but that we 
 have it. It supplies the place of i at the end of words, as thy ; 
 before an i, as dying ; and is commonly retained in derivative 
 words where it was part of a diphthong in the primitive ; as 
 destroy, destroyer ; betray, betrayed, betrayer; pray, prayer ; 
 say, sayer; day, days. 
 
 Y being the Saxon vowel y, whicn was commonly used where i is now put, 
 occurs very frequently in allold books. 
 
 General Rules. 
 A vowel in the beginning or middle syllable, before two con- 
 sonants, is connnonly short, as opportunity. 
 
 In monosyllables a single vowel before a single consonant is 
 short, as stag, frog. 
 Many is pronounced as if it were wrote manny. 
 
 Of consonants. 
 B. 
 
 B has one unvaried sound, such as it obtains in other lan- 
 guages. 
 
 It is mute in debt, debtor, subtle, doubt, lamb, limb, dumb, 
 thumb, climb, comb, iromb. 
 
 It is used before I and r, as black, brown. 
 
 c. 
 
 C has before e and i the sound of s ; as sincerely, centrick, 
 century, circular, cistern, city, siccity : before a, o, and «, it 
 sounds like k, as calm, concavity, copper, incorporate, curiosity, 
 concupiscence. 
 
 C might be omitted in the language without loss, since one of its sounds 
 might be suppiieV by s, and the other by k, but that it preserves to the eye 
 the etymology of words, as face froin /arics, captive from captivus. 
 
 Ch has a sound which is analysed into tsh, as church, chin, 
 crutch. It is the same sound which the Italians give to the c 
 simple before i and e, as citta, cerro. 
 
 Ch is sounded like A- in words derived from the tireek, as 
 chymist, scheme, choler. Arch is commonly sounded ark be- 
 fore a vowel, as archangel ; and with the English sound of cA 
 before a consonant, as archbishop. 
 
 Ch, in some French words not yet assiinilated, sounds like sh, as machitu, 
 chaise. 
 
 C, having no determinate sound, according to English orthography, never 
 ends a word ; therefore we write stick, block, which were originally sticke, blockt, 
 in such words. C is now mute. 
 
 It is used befoie I and r, as clock, cross. 
 
 D. 
 
 D is uniform in its sound ; as death, diligent. 
 
 It is used before r, as d'-aii', dross; and w, as dutU 
 
 47
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 F, though having a name beginning with a vowel, is num- 
 bered by the grammarians among the semi-vowels ; yet has 
 this quality of a mute, that it is commodiously soimded before 
 a liquid, as Jiask, Jly, freckle. It has an unvariable sound, 
 except that of is sometimes spoken nearly as or. 
 
 G. 
 
 G has two sounds, one hard, as in gay, go, gun ; the other 
 soft, as in gem, giant. 
 
 At the end of a word it is always hard, ring, snvg, song, 
 frog. 
 
 Before e and i the sound is uncertain. 
 
 G before e is soft, as gem, generation, except in gear, geld, 
 geese, get, gewgaw, and derivatives from words ending in g, 
 as singing, stronger, and generally before er at the end of 
 words, as finger. 
 
 G is mute before n, as gnash, sign, foreign. 
 
 G before iis hard, as give, except in giant, gigantick, gibbet, 
 gibe, giblets, Giles, gill, gillifloirer, gin, ginger, gingle, to 
 which may be added Egypt, and gypsey. 
 
 Gh, in the beginning of a word, has the sound of the hard g, 
 as ghostly ; in the middle and sometimes at the end, it is quite 
 silent, as thovgh, right, sought, spoken tho', rite, soute. 
 
 It has often at the end the sound of /', as laugh, whence 
 laughter retains the same sound in the middle ; cough, 
 trough, sough, tough, enough, slough. 
 
 It is not to be doubted, but that in the original pronunciation ^?i liad the 
 force of a] consonant, deeply guttural, which is still continued among the 
 Scotch. 
 G is used before ft, I, and r. 
 
 H. 
 
 i/isa note of aspiration, and shows that the following vowel 
 must be pronounced with a strong emission of breath, as hat, 
 horse. 
 
 It seldom begins any but the first syllable, in which it is al- 
 ways sounded with a full breath, except in heir, herb, holster, 
 honour, humble, honest, humour, and their derivatives. 
 
 It sometimes begins middle or final syllables in words compounded, as 
 blockhead ; or derived from the Latin, as comprehended. 
 
 J consonant sounds uniformly like the soft g, and is there- 
 fore a letter useless, except in etymology, as ejaculation, jester, 
 jocund, juice. 
 
 K. 
 
 K has the sound of hard c, and is used before e and i, where, 
 according to English analogy, c would be soft, as kept, king, 
 skirt, skeptick, for so it should be written, not sce^j/icAr, because 
 sc is sounded like s, as in scene. 
 
 It is used before n, as kndl, hwt, but totally loses its sound in modern pro- 
 nunciation, 
 
 K is never doubled ; but c is used before it to shorten the 
 vowel by a double consonant, as cockle, pickle. 
 
 L. 
 
 L has in English the same liquid sound as in other languages. 
 
 The custom is to double the I at the end of nionosyllables, as kill, uili, full. 
 These words were oripiiialiy written kille, wille, julle; and when the e first 
 grew silent, and afterwards omitted, the II was retained, to give force, ac- 
 cording to the analo^'^ of our language, to the foregoing vowel, 
 
 L is sometimes mute, as in calf, half, halves, calves^ could, 
 tvould, should, psalm, talk, salmon, falcon. 
 
 The Sdxons who delighted in guttural sounds, sometimes aspirated the I at 
 the beginning of words, as hlaP a haf, or bread; hVdyoJi'o a lora; but this pro- 
 nunciation is now disused. 
 
 Ee at the end of words is pronounced like a weak el, in 
 which the e is ahiiost mute, as table, shuttle. 
 
 M. 
 
 M has always the same sound, as murmur , monumental. 
 
 N has always the same sound, as noble, manners. 
 Nis sometimes mute after m, as damn, condemn, hymn. 
 
 P. 
 
 P has always the same sound, which the Welsh and Ger- 
 mans confound with J5. 
 
 P is sometimes mute, as in psalm, and between m and I, as 
 tempt. 
 
 Ph is used for/ in words derived from the Greek, as philo- 
 sopher, philanthrophy, Philip. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Q, as in other languages, is always followed by u, and has a 
 sound which our Saxon ancestors well expressed bj' cp, cw, as 
 quadrant, queen, equestrian, quilt, enquiry, quire, quotidian. 
 Qu is never followed by u. 
 
 Qu is sometimes sounded, in words derived from the French, 
 like k, as conquer, liquor, risqtie, chequer. 
 
 R. 
 
 R has the same rough snarling sound as in other tongues. 
 
 The Saxons used often to put ft before it, as before I at the beginning of 
 words, 
 
 Rh is used in words derived from the Greek, as myi-rh, mip-rhine, catarrhous, 
 rheum, rhcuniatick, rhyme. 
 
 Re at the end of some words derived from the Latin or 
 French, is pronounced like a weak er, as theatre, sepulchre. 
 
 ■S has a hissing sound, as sibilation, sister. 
 
 A single s seldom ends any word, except in the third person of verbs, as 
 loves, grows; and the plurals of nouns, as trees, bushes, distresses; the pronouns 
 this, his, OUTS, yours, vs ; the adverb thus: and words derived from Latin, as 
 rebus, surjitus ;\he close beinj; always either in se, as Ivjuse, horse, or in ss, as 
 grass, dress, hliss, less, ancienliy grasse, dresse. 
 
 S single, at the end of words, has a grosser sound, like that 
 of z, as trees, eyes, except this, thus, us, rebus, surplus. 
 
 It sounds like z before ion, if a vowel goes before, as ifitrn- 
 sion ; and like s, if it follows a consonant, as conversion. 
 
 It sounds like z before e mute, as refuse, and before y final, 
 as rosy ; and in tliose words bosom, desire, wisdom, prison, 
 prisoner, present, present, damsel, casement. 
 
 It is the peculiar quality of s that it may ^^^ soun<led before all consonants, 
 except X and c, in which s is comprised, .x being onl3' h, and z a hard or 
 eross s. This sis therefore termed by grammarians s^ia potestatis litera ; the 
 reason of which the learned Dr. Clariie erroneously supposed to be, that in 
 some words it might be doubled at pleasure. Thus we find m several languages : 
 
 iQinu/xi, scatter, sdeguo, saruccioto, sfavellare, crfiy^, sgombrare, sgranare, 
 shake, slumber, smell, snipe, space, splendour, spring, squeeze, shrew, step, strength, 
 stramcn, stripe, sventnru, swell, 
 
 S is mute in isle, island, demesne, viscount. 
 
 T. 
 
 Thas its customary sound, as take, temptation. 
 
 Ti before a vowel has the sound of si, as salvation, e.xcept 
 an s goes before, as question ; excepting likewise derivatives 
 from words ending in ty, as mighty, mightier. 
 
 Th has two sounds ; the one soft, as thus, whether ; the other 
 hard, as thing, think. The sound is soft in these words, then, 
 thence, and there, with their derivatives and compounds; and 
 in that, these, thou, thee, thy, thine, their, they, this, those, them, 
 though, thus, and in all words between two vowels, as father, 
 whether ; and between r and a vowel, as burthen. 
 
 In other words it is hard, as thick, thunder, faith, faithful. 
 Where it is softened at the end of a word, an e silent must be 
 added, as breath, breathe; cloth, clothe, 
 
 43
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 V has a sound of near affinity to that of/, vain, vanity. 
 
 From/, in the islaadick alphabet, d is onlj distinguished by a diacritical 
 ■Joint. 
 
 w. 
 
 Of w, which in diphthongs is often an undoubted vowel, 
 some grammarians have doubted whether it ever be a conso- 
 nant ; and not rather, as it is called, a double u or ou, as crater 
 may be resolved into ouater ; but letters of the same sound are 
 always reckoned consonants in other alphabets: and it maybe 
 observed, that tv follows a vowel with any hiatus or difficulty 
 of utterance, as frosty tv'tnter, 
 
 IVh has a sound accounted peculiar to the English, which the 
 Saxons better expressed by hp, hw, as ivhat, whenccy whiting; 
 in tvhore only, and sometimes in wholesome^ wh is sounded like 
 a simple h. 
 
 X begins no English word ; it has the sound of ks, as axle, 
 extraneous. 
 
 Yy when it follows a consonant, is a Vv)wel ; when it precedes 
 either a vowel or diphthong, is a consonant, ycj young. It is 
 thought by some to be in all cases a vowel. But it may be 
 observed of y as of w?, that it follows a vowel without any 
 hiatus, as rosy, youth. 
 
 The chief argument by which w and y appear to be always vowels is, that 
 the sounds which they are supposed to Have as consonants, cannot be uttered 
 after a vowel, like that of all other consonants : thus we say, t\i, ut ; do, odd j 
 but in wed, dew, the two sounds of w have no retemblance to each other. 
 
 Z begins no word originally English ; it has the sound, as 
 its name izzard or s hard expresses, of an s uttered with closer 
 compression of the palate by the tongue, as freeze, froze. 
 
 In orthography I have supposed orthoepv, or just ittterance of' woi^ds, to be in- 
 cluded ; orthography being only the art of expressing certain sounds by pro- 
 per characters. I have tiierefore observed in what words any of the letters 
 are mute. 
 
 Most of the writers of English grammar have given long tables of words 
 pronounced otherwise than they are written, and seem not sufficiently to 
 have considered, that of English, as of all living tongues, there is a double 
 pronunciation, one cursory and colloquial, the other regular and solemn. 
 The cursory pronunciation is always vague and uncertain, being made dif- 
 ferent in ditfcrent mouths by negligence, unskilfulness, or alTectution. The 
 solemn pronunciation, though by no means immutable and permanent, is yet 
 always less remote from the orthography, and less liable to capricious iinio- 
 vation. They have however generally formed their tables according to the 
 cursory speech of those with whom they happen to converse ; and concluding 
 that the whole nation combines to vitiate language in one manner, have 
 often established the jargon of the lowest of the people as the model of 
 speech. 
 
 For pronunciation, the best general rule is to consider those of the most 
 eleoant speakers who deviate least from the written words. 
 
 There have been many schemes offered for the emendation and settlement 
 of our orthography, which, like that of other nations, being formed by chance, 
 or according to the fancy of the earliest writers in rude ages, was at first very 
 various and uncertain, and is yet sufficiently irregular. Of these reformers 
 some liave endeavoured to accommodate orthography better to the pronun- 
 ciation, without considering that this is to measure by a shadow, to take that 
 for a model or standard which is changing while they apply it. Others, less 
 absurdly indeed, but with equal unlikelihood of success, have endeavoured 
 to proportion the number of letters to that of sounds, that every sound ma}' 
 have its own character, and every character a single sound. Such would be 
 the orthography of a new language to be formed by a synod of grammarians 
 upon princij)Ies of science. But who can hope to prevail on nations to change 
 their practice, and make all their old books useless ? or what advantage would 
 a new orthography procure equivalent to the confusion and perplexity of such 
 an alteration ? 
 
 ^ Some of these scliemes I shall however exhibit, wliich may be used accord- 
 ing to the diversities of genius, as a guide to reformers, or terrour to innova- 
 tors. 
 
 One of the first who proposed a scheme of regular orthography, was Sir 
 Thomas Smith, secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth, a man of real learning, 
 and much practised in grammatical disquisitions. Had he written the follow- 
 ing lines according to his scheme, they would have appeared thus : 
 At length Erasmus, that great injur'd name. 
 The glory of the priesthood, and the shame, 
 
 Stemra'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age. 
 And drove those holy Vandals off the stage. 
 
 At leng^ Erasmus, iSat gret'in^urd nSm, 
 Ae gtorV of 'iSe presthiid, and "iSe z&ra, 
 Stenimd ^e mid torrent of a barb'rous &j. 
 And drov iSos hijli Vandals off 6e stiij. 
 
 After him anotlier mode of writing was offered by Dr. Gill, the celebrated 
 master of St. Paul's school in London ; which I cannot represent exactly for 
 want of types, but will approach as nearly as I can by means of characters now 
 in use, so us to make it understood, exhibiting two stanzas of Spenser in the 
 reformed orthograpliy. 
 
 Spenser, book iii. canto 5. 
 Untnankful wretch, said he, is this the meed, 
 With which her sovereign mercy thou dost quite? 
 Thy life she saved b3' her gracious deed ; 
 But thou dost ween with villainous despight. 
 To blot her honour, and her heav'nly light. 
 Die, rather die, than so disloyally 
 Deem of her high desert, or seem so light. 
 Fair death it is to shun more shame : then die. 
 Die, rather die, than ever love disloyally. 
 
 But if to love disloyalt_y it be, 
 Shall 1 then hate her, thntfrom deathes door 
 Me brought ? ah ! far be such reproach from me. 
 What can I less do, than her love therefore, 
 Sith I her dae reward cannot restore ? 
 Die, rather die, and dying do her serve, 
 Dyint: her serve, and livini! her adore. 
 Tfij life she gave, thy life she doth deserve ; 
 Die, rather die, than ever from her service swerve. 
 
 VnSankful wreo, said hj, iz Sis Se mjd, 
 WiS w'iD her sougrain raersi Sou dust qpjt? 
 Di Ijf rj sai'gd bj hir grasius djd ; 
 But Sou dust wen wiS t'ilsnus dispjt. 
 Tu blot her honor, and hir heunlj liAt 
 Dj, raSer dj, Sen so disloialj 
 Djm of hsr hih dezert, or sjm so Viht, 
 Fair deS it iz to j-un rawr fam ; Sm dj, 
 Dj, raSer dj, Sen ei'tr \uv disloiali. 
 
 But if tu ]uv disloialj it bj, 
 Sal I Sm hat her Sat from diSez d»r 
 Mj brou/it ? ah • far bj su3 rtproD from mj, 
 Wrtt kan I Its du Sm her luy Serftfr, 
 Si/i 1 her du rEward kanot rest«r? 
 Dj, raSfir dj, and djij du htr sen*, 
 Dji^ hsrsEri), and liuijher ad^r. 
 I*j ij^ rJ n°'^' ^j U^ pi *^^^ dezsry j 
 Dj, raSsr dj. Sen ei'sr from hir sfruis swsru 
 
 Dr. Gill was followed by Charles Butler, a man who did not want an un- 
 derstanding which might have qualified him for better employment. He 
 seems to have been more sanguine than his predecessors, for he printed hi« 
 book according to his own scheme ; which the following specimen will make 
 easily understood. 
 
 But whensoever you have occasion to trouble their patience, or to come 
 among them being troubled, it is better to stuiid upon yuur guard, than la 
 trust to their gentleness. For the safeguard of vour face, which they have 
 most mind unto, provide a pursehood, made of coarse boultering, to be drawn 
 and knit about j'our collar, which for more safety is to le lined against the 
 eminent parts with woollen cloth. First cut a piece about an inch and a half 
 broad, and half a yard long, to reach round by the temples and forehead, 
 from one ear to the'othcr ; which being sowed ill his place, join unto ii two 
 short pieces of the same breadth under the ejes, for U»e balls of the cheeks, 
 and then set another piece about the breadth of a shilling, against the top of 
 the nose. At other times, when they are not angered, a little piece half a 
 quarter broad, to cover the eyes and parts about them, may serve, though it 
 be in tlic heat of the day. 
 
 Bet pensoever you hav' occasion to trubbleSeir patienc' or to cixim among 
 Sem becing trubled, it is belter to stand upon your gard, San to trust to Seir 
 gentienes. For Se saf gard of your fac', pio Sey hav' most mind' unto, 
 provid' a pursehuod, mad' of coorse boulteriiig, to bee drawn and knit about 
 3'our collar, pio for mot' safty is to bee lined against S' eminent parts wir 
 wotjilen c!oT. First cut a peec' about an iuD and a half broad, and half a vard 
 long, to reao round by Se temples .ind for'head, from one ear to Se oSer ; 
 pio beeing sowed in his plac', join unto it two port peeces of tlie sam' breadia 
 under Se eys, for the balls of Se cheeks, and then set an oSer peec' about So 
 breadt of a pilling against the top o Se nose. At oSer tim's, pen Sey ur' not 
 angered, a little piec' half a quarter broad, to cover Se eys and parts about 
 them, may serve, Sowj it be in the heat of Se day. Butler on the Sature and 
 
 Properties of Bees, 16^^ 
 
 49
 
 A GRAMIVIAR OF THE 
 
 In the time of Charles I. there was a very prevalent incihiatinn to ehant;c 
 the orthogr.'inhy ; as appears, among other buoks, In such editidiis of the 
 works of Milton as were published by liimseif. Of these reformers, every 
 man had his own sclieme; hut they agreed in one general design of accom- 
 modating the letters to the pronunciatitni, by ejecting such as tliey thought 
 ^superfluous. Some of them would have written these lines thus: 
 Alltheeith 
 Shall then be paradis, far happier place 
 Than this of Eden, and far happier dais. 
 
 Bishop VVilkins afterwards, in his great work of t!ie philosophical language, 
 prr)posed, without cxpectini; to be followed, a regular orthography ; by whicli 
 the Lord's prayer U to be written thus : 
 
 Ywr Fadher hoitsh art in heven halloed bi dhyi nam, dhyi cingdym cym, 
 dhy will bi dyn iu erth as it is in heven, &c. 
 
 We have since had no general reformers ; but some ingenious men have en- 
 deavoured to deserve wr-Tl of their country, by writing honor and lubor for 
 honour and labour, red (or read, \n the preter-tense, sais fur says, repete for repeat^ 
 ciplanc for explain, or decUtme for declaim. Of these it may be said, tiiat as 
 they have done no good, they have done little harm; both because they have 
 innovated little, and because few have followed them. 
 
 The English language has properly no dialects; the style of writers lias no 
 professed diversity in the use of words, or of tlicir flexions, and terminations, 
 nor differs but by different degrees of skill or care. The oral diction is uni- 
 form in no spacious country, but lias less variation in England than in ratfst 
 other nations of equal extent. The language of the northern counties retains 
 !nan3' words now out of use, but which aie couimoniy of the genuine Teulonick 
 race, and is uttered with a pronunciation which now seems harsh and rough, 
 but was probably used by our ancestors. The nortliea-n speech is therefore 
 not barbarous but obsolete. The speech in the western provinces seems to 
 differ from the general diction rather by a depraved pronunciation, than by 
 any real difference which letters would express. 
 
 ETYMOLOGY. 
 
 ETYMOLOGY teaches the deduction of one word from 
 another, and the various modifications by whicli the sense of 
 the same word is diversified ; as horse, horses; I love, I Icved. 
 
 OF THE ARTICLE. 
 
 The English have two articles, an or a, and the. 
 
 AN, A. 
 
 A has an indefinite signification, and means one, with some 
 reference to more; as This is a good hook, that is, one anion s; 
 the books that are good. He was killed by a sword, that is, 
 some sword. This is a better book for a man than a boy, that is, 
 for one of those that arc men than one of those that are boys. 
 An army might enter without resistance, that is, any army. 
 
 In the senses in which we use a or an in the singular, we 
 
 speak in the plural vvithoutan article; as, these are good books. 
 
 I have made an the original article, because it is only the Saxon an, or ten, 
 
 rnif, applied to a new use, as the German cin, and the French un: the n being 
 
 cut off before a consonant in the speed of utterance. 
 
 Grammarians of the last age direct that an should be used 
 before h ; whence it appears that the English anciently aspi- 
 rated less. An is still used before the silent h, as an herb, an 
 honest man: but otherwise a ; as, 
 
 A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse. Shakespeare. 
 
 An or a can only be joined with a singular, the correspondent 
 
 plural is the noun without an article, as / want a pen ; I want 
 
 pens; or with the pronominal adjective some, as / ivant some 
 
 pens. 
 
 The has a particular and definite signification. 
 
 The fruit 
 Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste 
 Brought death into the world. Milton. 
 
 That is, that particular fruit, and this u'orld in which we 
 live. So, He giveth fodder for tiie cattle, and green herbs for 
 the use of man ; that is, for those beings that are cattle, and" /lis 
 use thai is man. 
 
 The is used in both numbers. 
 
 1 am as free as Nature first made man, ") 
 
 Ere the base laws of servitude began, '. 
 
 When wild in woods the noble savage ran. Dry den.) 
 
 I Many words are used without articles; as, 
 
 ( 1. Proper names as, John, Alexander, Longinus, Aristar- 
 
 chus, Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, London. God is used as a 
 
 proper name. 
 
 2. Abstract names, as blackness, witchcraft, virtue, vice, 
 beauty, ugliness, love, haired, a»gir, good-nature, kindness. 
 
 3. Words in which nothing but the mere being of any thing 
 is implied : This is not beer, but water : this is not brass, but 
 steel. 
 
 OF NOUNS SUBSTANTIVES. 
 
 The relations of English nouns to words going before or 
 following, are not expressed by cases, or changes of termina- 
 tion, but as in most of the other European languages by pre- 
 positions, unless we may be said to have a genitive case. 
 
 Singular. 
 Nora. Magister, a Master, the Master. 
 
 Gen. Magistri, of a Master, of the Master, or Masters, 
 
 the Masters. 
 Dat. Magistro, to a Master, to the Master. 
 
 Ace. Magistrura, a Master, tie Master. 
 
 Voc. Magister, Master, O Master. 
 
 Abl. Magistro, /ro/« a Master, /)o?« ;Ae Master.] 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. IMagistri, Masters, the Masters. 
 
 Gen. Magistrorum o/" Masters, {j/ZAe Masters. 
 
 Dat. Magistris, to Masters, to the Masters. 
 
 Ace. Magistros, Masters, the Masters. 
 
 Voc. Magistri, Masters, O Masters. 
 
 Abl. Magistris,, /»-o/w Masters, /com </ie Masters. 
 
 Our nouns are therefore only declined thus : 
 
 Master, 
 Scholar, 
 
 Gen. Masters, 
 Gen. Scholars, 
 
 Plur. Masters. 
 Plur. Scholars. 
 
 the 
 
 'these genitives are alwa^'s written wilh a mark of elision, master s, scholar'i 
 according to an opinion long received, that the '.■; is a contraction of his, as th 
 soldiers valour, for tlie soldier his valour: but this cannot be the true original ; 
 because 's is put to female nouns. Woman's bcautu ; the Virgin s delicacy; 
 Hauixhtxi Juno's unrelentiui^ hate: and collective nouns, as Women s passions, ing 
 rabbit's insolence, the multiiiule's Jolly ; in all these cases it is apparent that his 
 cannot be understood. We say likewise, the foundation s strength , the diamond's 
 lustre, the uintcr's severitit ; but in these cases his may be understood, he and 
 his having formerly been applied to neuters in the place now supplied by it 
 and its. 
 
 The learned and sagacious Wallis, to whom every English grammarian 
 owes a tribute of reverence, calls this motlificalion of the noun an adjective 
 possessiee ; I think with no more propriety than he might have applied the 
 same to the genitive in equitum decus, Trojie oris, or any other Latin genitive. 
 Dr. Lowih, on the other part, suppi ses the possessive pronouns mine and thine 
 to be genitive cases. 
 
 This termination of the noun seems to constitute a real genitive indicating 
 possession. It is derived to us from those who declined fmi^ a smith ; Gen. 
 ymii^y of a smith ; Plur. ymiSer, or rnnSaf, smiths; and so in two other of 
 their seven declensions. 
 
 It is a further confirmation of this opinifiii.that in the old poets both the 
 genitive and plural were longer by a syllable than the original word: knitis, 
 tor kni;^ht's, in Chaucer; leavis, for leaves, in Spenser. 
 
 A\'lien a word ends in s, the genitive may be the same with the nominative, 
 as Venus Temple. 
 
 The plural is formed by adding s, as table, tables ; jly, flies; 
 sisler, sisters ; uwod, woods; or es where s could not otherwise 
 be sounded, as after ch, s, sh, x, z ; after c sounded like s, and g 
 like J ; the mute e is vocal before s, as lance, lances ; outrage, 
 outrages. 
 
 The formation of the plural and genitive singular is the same. 
 
 A few words yet make the plural in n, as m^n, wymen, oxen, suine, and raore 
 anciently even and shoon. 'i'his formation is that which generally preTails in 
 the Teutonick dialects. 
 
 Words that end in / commonly form their plural by ves, as 
 loaf, loaves ; calf, calves. 
 
 Except a few, muff, muffs ; chief, chiefs. So hoof, roof, proof, relirf, mischief, 
 puff, cuff, duHirf, handkerchief, grief. 
 
 50
 
 ENGLISH TOXGUE. 
 
 Irregular plurals are teeth from tooth, liee from huse, mice from moux, geac 
 from goose, feet (mm foot, dice from die, pence from venny, btethren from brother, 
 children from child. 
 
 Plurals ending in s have for the most part no genitive ; but 
 we say, Womens excellencies, and Weigh the mens icits against 
 the ladies hain. Pope. 
 
 Dr. Wallis tliinks the Lord's house may lie said for the house of Lords; but 
 such phra-^es are not now in use ; and surely an English ear rebels atjainst 
 them. They would commonly produce a troublesome ainhipuity, as the Lord's 
 house may be the house ofLords, or the house ofa Lord. Besides that the mark 
 of elisioii is improper, for in the Lords' house nothing is cut off. 
 
 Some Eui^lish substantives, like those of many other lanj^uages, change their 
 terminations as they express different sexes, as prince, princess ; actor, actress ; 
 lion, lioness; hero, heroine. To these mentioned by Dr. Lowth may be added 
 arbitress, poetess, chauntress, duchess, tigress, governess, tulress, peeress, authoress, 
 traytress, and perhaps others. Of these variable teruiinatiuns we have only a 
 snt^cient number to make us feel our want ; Tnr uhen we say of a woman that 
 she is a philosojyher, an astronomer, a builder, a weaver, a dancer, we perceive an 
 impropriety in the termination which we cannot avoid ; but we can say that 
 she is an architect, a botanist, a sttident, because these terminations have not 
 annexed to them the notion of sex. In words which the necessities of life 
 are often requiring, the sex is distinguished not by ditierent terminations, but 
 by diiferent names, as a bull, a cow ; a horse, a mare ; equns, equa ; a cock, a 
 hen; and sometimes bj' pronouns prefixed, as a he-^oat, a she-^oa(. 
 
 OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Adjectives in the English language are wholly indeclinable ; 
 having neither case, gender, nor number, and being added to 
 substantives in all relations without any change ; as a good wo- 
 man ; good women, ofa good woman ; a good man, good men, 
 of good men. 
 
 The Comparison of Adjectives. 
 
 The comparative degree of adjectives is formed by adding 
 er, the superlative by adding est, to the positive ; as fnir, 
 fairer, fairest ; loveli/, lovelier, loveliest ; sweet, sweeter, 
 svreetist; low, lo'wer, lowest ; high,higher,highest. 
 
 Some words are irregularly compared ; as good, better, best ; 
 bad, worse, worst ; little, less, least ; near, nearer, next ; nntch, 
 more, most ; many (or moe), more, (for moer), most (for moest); 
 late, later, latest or last. 
 
 Some comparatives form a superlative by adding most, as 
 nether, nethermost ; outer, outermost ; under, undermost ; up 
 upper, uppermost ; fore, former , foremost . 
 
 Most is sometimes added to a substantive, as topmost, south- 
 most. 
 
 Many adjectives do not admit of comparison by terminations, 
 and are only compared by tnore and most, as benevolent, more 
 benevolent, most benevolent. 
 
 All adjectives may be compared by more and most, even 
 when they have compai-atives and superlatives regularly form- 
 ed ; as fair ; fairer, or more fair ; fairest, or most fair. 
 
 In adjectives that admit a regular comparison, the comparative more is of- 
 tener used than the superlative most, as more fair is oftener written for fairer, 
 than most fair for fairest. 
 
 The comparison of adjectives is very uncertain ; and being 
 much regulated by commodiousness of utterance, or agreea- 
 bleness of sound, is not easily reduced to rules. 
 
 Monosyllables are commonly compared. 
 
 Polysyllables, or words of more than two syllables, are sel- 
 dom compared otherwise than by more and most, as deplora- 
 ble, more deplorable, most deplorable. 
 
 Dissyllables are seldom compared if they terminate in sotnc, 
 as fulsome, toilsome; in ful, as cartful, spleenful, dreadful; 
 m ing, as trifling, charming ; in ous, as porous ; in less, as 
 careless, harmless ; in erf, as wretched ; in id, as candid ; in 
 al, as mortal ; in en^ as recent, fervent ; in ain, as certain; 
 in ive. as 7iiissive ; in dy, as woody ; in fy, as puffy ; in ley, as 
 rocky, except lucky ; in my, as roomy ; in ny, as skinny ; in 
 py, as ropy, except happy ; in ry, as hoary. 
 
 Some comparatives and superlatives are yet found in good writers, formed 
 without regard to the foregoing rules: but in u language subjects" 
 tnd 30 lately to grammar, such anomalies must frequently occur. 
 
 ed so little 
 
 So ihady is compared by Milton. 
 
 She m shadiest covert hiG, 
 Tun'd her nocturnal note. Paradiie Lett. 
 
 And virtuous. 
 
 What she wills to say or do, 
 Seems wisest, rirtunnsest, discreetest, best. Paradise Lost. 
 
 So trifling, by Rati, who is indeed of no great authority. 
 
 It is not so decorous, in respect of God, that he should immediately 
 do all the meanest and trijlingest things himself, without making use of 
 any ijiferior or subordinate mniister. Ruy on the Creation. 
 
 Famous, by Milton. 
 
 I shall be nam'd among ihofamousest 
 Of women, sung at solemn festivals. Milton's Agonitta. 
 
 Inventive, by Aschum. 
 
 Those have the inventivest beads for ail purposes, and roundest 
 tongues iu all matters. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Mortal, by Bacon. 
 
 I'he mortolest poisons practised by the West Indians, have some 
 nii.\ture of the blood, fat, or flesh of man. Bacon. 
 
 Natural, by Wotton. 
 
 I will now deliver a few of the properest and nadira/kst considerations 
 that belong to this piece. fVotton's Architecture. 
 
 Wretched, by Jonsou. 
 
 The wretcheder are the contemners of all helps; such as presuming 
 on their own naturals, deride diligence, and mock at terms when they 
 understand not things. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Powerful, by Milton. 
 
 We have sustain'd one day in doubtful fight, 
 What Heavn's ;:reat King hath pow'rfullest to send 
 Against us from about his throne. Paradise Lost. 
 
 The terminations in i^h may be accoinited in some sort a degree of com- 
 parison, by which the signification is diminished below the positive, as black, 
 blackish, or tending to blackness; salt, saltish, or having a little taste of salt; 
 they therefore admit no comparison, this termination is seldom added but 
 to words expressing sensible qualities, nor often to words of above one sylla- 
 ble, and is scarcely used in the solemn or sublime style. 
 
 OF PRONOUNS. 
 Pronouns in the English language, are, /, thou, he, with 
 their plurals, we, ye, they ; it, who, ivhich, what, whether, who- 
 soever, whatsoever, my, mine, otir, ours, thy, thine, your, yours, 
 his, her, hers, their, theirs, this, that, other, another, the 
 same, some. 
 
 The pronouns personal are irregularly inflected. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 Kom. I We 
 
 Accus, and other ) ... ., 
 
 oblique cases. j[ 
 
 Nom. Thou Ye 
 
 Oblique. Thee You 
 
 Yon is commonly used in modern writers for i/e, particularly in the language 
 of ceremony, Jwhere the second person plural is used for the second person 
 singular. You are my friend. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 Singular 
 
 Nom. 
 
 He 
 
 Oblique. 
 
 Him 
 
 Nom. 
 
 She 
 
 Oblique. 
 
 Her 
 
 Nom. 
 
 It 
 
 Oblique. 
 
 Its 
 
 Them I ■'^PP^'^ *° masculines. 
 
 Them [ Applied to feminines. 
 
 Them I ^PP^'^'l ^° neuters or things. 
 
 For it the practice of ancient writers was to use he, and for 
 its, his. 
 
 The possessive pronouns, like other adjectives, are without 
 cases or change of termination. 
 
 The possessive of tlie first person is mt/, mine, our, otirs; of 
 the second, thy, thine, your, yours : of tlie third, from he, his; 
 from she, her, and hos ; and in the plural their, theirs, for 
 both sexes. 
 
 Oiirs, yours, has, theirs, are used when the substantive preceding is sepa- 
 rated by a verb, as These are our bwks. These hooks are ours. Your children 
 excel ours in stature, but ours surpass yours in learning. 
 
 Ours, yours, hers, theirs, notwithstanding their seeming plural termination, 
 are applied equally to singular and plural substantives, as. This book is ours. 
 'J he.^ hooks arc ours. 
 
 Mine and thine were formerly used before a vowel, as mine amuible lady, 
 which, though now disused ill prose, might be still properly continued in po- 
 etry^ : they are used as ours and yours, and are referred to a substantive pre- 
 ceding, as thy house is larger than mine, but my szarden is more spacious than 
 thine. 
 
 51
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 Their and theirs are the possessives likewise of they, when 
 thet/ is the phiral of it, and are therefore applied to things. 
 
 Pronouns relative are, mho, which, what, whether, whoso- 
 ever, whatsoever. 
 
 Sing, and Plur. 
 Norn. Who 
 
 Gen. Whose 
 
 Other oblique cases. Whom 
 
 Sing, and Plur. 
 Norn. Which 
 
 Gen. Of which, or whose 
 Other oblique cases. Which 
 
 Whj is now used in relation to ])ersous, and ivhich in relation to tilings ; but 
 tliey were anciently confounded. At least it was common to say, the man 
 ii^hich, though I remember no example of the thing who. 
 li'Aose is rather the poetical than regular genitive o{ which: 
 The fruit 
 Of that forbidden tree, ithose mortal taste 
 Brought deatli into the world. Milton. 
 
 Whether is only used in the nominative and accusative cases ; and has no 
 plural, being applied only to one of a immber, commonly to one of two, as 
 Whether (if ihfse is left I know not. Whether shall 1 choose ? It is now a'most 
 obsolete. 
 
 What, whether relative or interrogative, is without variation. 
 Whosoever, what soever, being compounded oi who or what, 
 and soever, follow the rule of their primitives. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 f This These 
 
 T II J That Those 
 
 In all cases, ■'q^^^^^ Others 
 
 ( Whether 
 
 The plural others is not used but when it is referred to a substantive preced- 
 ing, as I have sent other horses. I have not sent the same horses, but others. 
 
 Another, being only an other, has no plural. 
 
 Here, there, and ivhere, joined with certain particles, have a 
 relative and pronominal use. Hereof, herein, hereby, hereaf- 
 ter, herewith, thereof, therein, thereby, thereupon, therewith, 
 whereof, wherein, whereby, irhereupon, wherewith, which sig- 
 nify, o/' ///iV, in this, &c, of that, in that, &c. of ivhich, in 
 which, &c. 
 
 Therefore and wherjfore, which are properly there for and 
 where for, for that, for which, are now reckoned conjunctions, 
 and continued in use. The rest seem to be passing by de- 
 grees into neglect, though proper, useful, and analogous. 
 They are referred both to singular and plural antecedents. 
 
 There are two more words used only in conjunction with 
 pronouns, own and self. 
 
 Own is added to possessives, both singular and plural, as 
 tny own hand, our own house. It is emphatical, and implies 
 a silent contrariety or opposition ; as / live in my own house, 
 that is, not in a hired house. This I did with my own hand, 
 that is, wi/hout help, or not by proxy. 
 
 Self is added to possessives as myself, yourselves ; and some- 
 times to personal pronouns, as himself, itself, themselves. It 
 then, like own, expresses emphasis and opposition, as / did this 
 myself, that is, not another; or it forms a reciprocal pronoun, 
 as IVe hurt ourselves by vain rage. 
 
 Himself, itself, themselves, are supposed by Wallis to be put, by corruption, 
 for hisself, it' self, their selves ; so vlmt self' is always a substantive. Tliisscems 
 justly observed, for we say. He came himself; Himself shall do this; where him- 
 ieZ/'cannot be an accusative. 
 
 OF THE VERB. 
 
 English verbs are active, as Hove; or neuter, as / languish. 
 The neuters are formed like the actives. 
 
 Most verbs sijji-.ifying action may likewise signify condition or habit, and be- 
 come jiciitfrs, as J love, f am in love ; I strike, I am now striking. 
 
 Verbs have only two tenses inflected in their terminations, 
 the present, and the simple preterite; the other tenses are com- 
 pounded of tJie auxiliary verbs have, shall, ii'ill, let, may, can, 
 and the infinitive of the active or neuter verb. 
 
 The passive voice is formed by joining the participle preterite 
 to the substantive verb, as / am loved. 
 
 To hare. Indicative Mood. 
 
 Present Tense. 
 
 Sing. I have ; thou hast ; he hath or has. 
 Plnr. We have ; ye have ; they have. 
 
 Has is a termination corrupted from hath, but now more frequently uied 
 both in Terse and prose. 
 
 Simple Prettrite. 
 Sittg. I had ; thou hadst ; he had ; 
 Plur. We had ; ye had ; they had. 
 
 Compound Preterite. 
 Sing. I have had ; thou hast had ; he has or hath had ; 
 Plur. We have had ; ye have had ; they have had. 
 Pretcrpluperfect. 
 
 Sing. I had had ; thou hadst had ; he had had ; 
 Plur. We had had ; ye had had ; they had had. 
 
 Future. 
 Sing. I shall have ; thou shalt have ; he shall have ; 
 Plur. We shall have ; ye shall have; they shall have. 
 Second Future. 
 
 Sing. I will have ; thou wilt have ; he will have. 
 Plur. We will have ; ye will have ; they will have. 
 By reading these future tenses may be observed the variations of $kaU and 
 
 will. 
 
 Imperative Mood. 
 Sitig. Have, or have thou ; let him have ; 
 Plur. Let MS have ; have, or have ye ; let them have. 
 
 Conjunctive Mood. 
 Present. 
 
 I have ; thou have ; he have ; 
 We have; ye have; they have. 
 
 Preterite simple as in the Indicative. 
 Preterite compound. 
 I have had ; thou have had ; he have had ; 
 We have had ; ye have had ; they have had. 
 
 Future. 
 I shall have ; as in the Indicative. 
 Second Future. 
 I shall have had ; thou shalt have had ; he shall have had ; 
 We shall have had; ye shall have had; they shall have 
 
 Sing. 
 Plur. 
 
 Sing. 
 Plur. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 Sing. 
 Plur 
 had 
 
 Potential. 
 The potential form of speaking is expressed by may, can, in 
 the present; and might, could, or should, in the preterite, 
 joined with the infinitive mood of the verb. 
 
 Present. 
 Sing, /may have ; thou mayst have ; he may have ; 
 Plur. We may have ; ye may have ; they may have. 
 
 Preterite. 
 Sing. I might have ; thou mightest have ; he might have ; 
 Plur. We might have ; ye might have ; they might have. 
 
 Present. 
 Sing. I can have ; thou canst have ; he can have ; ■ 
 
 Plur. We can have ; ye can have ; they can have. 
 
 Preterite. 
 Sing. I could have; thou couldst have ; he could have; 
 Plur. We coidd have ; ye could have ; they could have. 
 
 52
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 In the like manner should is united to the verb. 
 There is likewise a double preterite. 
 Sing. I should have had ; thuu shouldst have had ; he should 
 
 have had ; 
 Plur. We should have had; j/e should have had; they should 
 
 have had ; 
 In like manner we use, / might have had ; / could have 
 had, &c. 
 
 Infinitive Mood. 
 
 Preterite 
 
 To have had. 
 Participle preter. Had. 
 To love. 
 Present. 
 
 Present. To have. 
 Participle Present. Having. 
 
 Verb Active. 
 
 Indicative. 
 
 Sing, /love ; thou lovest; he loveth, or loves ; 
 Plur. We love ; j/e love ; they love. 
 
 Preterite simple. 
 
 Sing, /loved; thou lovedst; he loved; 
 Plur. We loved ; j/e loved; they loved. 
 Preterperfect compound. I have loved, &c. 
 Preterpluperfect. I had loved, &c. 
 Future. I shall love, &c. / will love, &c. 
 
 Imperative. 
 Sing. Love, or love thou; let him love; 
 Plur. Let us love; love, or love ye ; let them love. 
 
 Conjunctive. Present. 
 Sing. I love ; thou love ; he love ; 
 Plur. We love ; ye love ; they love. 
 Preterite simple, as in the Indicative. 
 Preterite compound. I have loved, &c. 
 Future. I shall love, &c. 
 Second Future. I shall have loved, &c. 
 
 Potential. 
 Present. I may or can love, &c. 
 Preterite. I might, could, or should love, &c. 
 Double Preterite. I might, could, or should have loved, &c. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 Present. To love. Preterite. To have loved. 
 
 Participle present. Loving. Participle past. Loved. 
 
 The passive is formed by the addition of the participle pre- 
 terite to the different tenses of the verb to be, which must 
 therefore be here exhibited. 
 
 Indicative. Present. 
 Sing. I am ; thou art ; he is; 
 Plur. We are, or be ; ye are, or be ; they are, or be. 
 
 The plural be is now litile in use. 
 
 Preterite. 
 Sing, /was ; thou wast, or wert; he was; 
 Plur. We were ; ye were ; they were. 
 
 Wert is properly of the conjunctive mood, and ought not be used in the 
 indicative. 
 
 Preterite compound. I have been, &c. 
 Prettrpluperftct . /had been, &c. 
 Future. I shall or will be, &c. 
 
 Imperative. 
 Sing. Re thou ; let him be ; 
 Plur. Let us be ; be ye ; let them be. 
 
 Conjunctive, Present. 
 Sing. I be ; thou beest ; he be. 
 Plur. We be ; j/c be ; they be. 
 
 Preterite. 
 
 Sing. Twere : thou wert ; he were ; 
 Plur. IVe wereiye were; they were. 
 Preterite compound. I have been, &c. 
 Future. I shall have been, &c. 
 
 Potential. 
 
 / may or can ; -Houkl, could, or should be; could, would, or 
 should have been, &c. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 Present. To be. Preterite. To have been. 
 
 Participle present. Being. Participle preter. Having been. 
 
 Passive Voice. Indicative Mood. 
 / am loved, &c. / was loved, &c. / have been loved, &c 
 
 If / be loved, &c. 
 been loved, &c. 
 
 Conjuctive Mood. 
 If / were loved, &c. 
 
 Potential Mooo!. 
 
 If / shall have. 
 
 / may or can be loved, &c. / might, could, or should be 
 loved, &c. / might, could, or should have been loved, &c. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 Preterite. 
 
 To have been loved. 
 
 Present. To be loved. 
 Participle. Loved. 
 
 There is another form of English verbs, in which the infi- 
 nitive mood is joined to the verb do in its various inflections, 
 which are therefore to be learned in this place. 
 
 To Do. 
 
 Indicative. Present. 
 
 Sing. I do ; thou dost ; he doth ; 
 Plur. We do ; ye do ; they do. 
 
 Preterite. 
 
 Sing, /did; thou didst; he did; 
 
 Plur. We did ; ye did ; thty did. 
 
 Preterite, &c. / have done, &c. / had done, &C. 
 
 Future, I shall or will do, &c. 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 Sing. Do thou ; let him do; 
 
 Plur. Let MS do ; do ye ; let them do. 
 
 Conjunctive. Present. 
 
 Sing. I do ; thou do ; he do. 
 Plur. IFf do; ye do; they do. 
 
 The rest are as in the Indicative. 
 Injinitive. To do; to have done. 
 Participle present. Doing. Participle preter. Done. 
 
 Do is sometimes used superfluouslj', as / do love ; I did 
 love; simply for I love, or / land; but this is considered as a 
 villous mode of speech. 
 
 It is sometimes used emphatically ; as, 
 
 / do Inve thee, and when J love thee not, 
 Chaos is come again. Shakespeare. 
 
 It is frequently joined with a negatvive : as / like her, hut I 
 do not love her; I wished him success, but did 7iot help him. 
 This, by custom at least, appears more easy than the other 
 form of expressing the same sense by a negative adverb, after 
 the verb, / like her, but love her not. 
 
 The Imperative prohibitory is seldom applied in the second 
 person, at least in prose, without the word do ; as Stop him, 
 but do not hurt him ; Praise beauty, but do not dole on it. 
 
 Its chief use is in interrogative forms of speech, in which it 
 is used through all the persons ; as Do / lire? Dost thou strike 
 
 k is
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 me? Do I ''CI/ rebel? Did / complain? Didst t/iott love her? 
 Did she die? So likewise in negative interrogations; Do J 
 not i/i I grieve? Did site nul die ? 
 
 Di> and did are thus used only for the present and simple 
 prel elite. 
 
 There is another manner of conjugating neuter verbs, which, 
 when it is used, may not improperly denominate them neuter 
 passives, as they are inflected according to the passive form by 
 the help of the verb substantive to be. They answer nearly to 
 the reciprocal verbs in French ; as 
 
 / am risen, surrexi, Latin; Je me suis leve, French. 
 
 I was walked out, exiram ; Je m' etois promene. 
 In like manner we ::otninoniy express Ihe present tense ; as, I am going, eo. 
 I am grieving, doh'o. Slie is dying, ilta iiwritur. The tempest is raging, 
 furit procelta. 1 am pursuing an enemy, hostem iiiseqiior. So tlie other tenses, 
 HS, U'e were walking, ily^i^o/xBv 'sre^maluvlti;, I have been walking, 1 had been 
 icalki7ig, shall or ivill he walking. 
 
 I'here is another manner of using the active participle, which gives it a pas- 
 sive signiiication : as, the grammar is now printing, grammatira jam nunc 
 chartis imprimltur. The brass is forging, (Era excnduntur. This is, in luy 
 "pinion, a vilinus expression, probahly corruftled from a phrase more pure, 
 but MOW somewhat obsolete ; The hnak is a printing. The brass is a fm-ging ; a 
 being properly at, anil printing and forging verbal nouns signifying action, 
 according to the analogy of this language. 
 
 The indicative and conjunctive moods are by modern writers frequently 
 confounded, or rather the conjunctive is wholly neglected, when some conve- 
 nience of versification does not invite its revival. It is used among tlie purer 
 writers of former times after if, though, ere, before, till, or until, irhether, except, 
 unless, whatsoeiTr, whomsoever, and words of wishing ; as, Doithtless thou art our 
 father, tliongh Abraham be igno)-ant of' us, and Israel acknowledge lis not. 
 
 OF IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 The English verbs were divided by Ben Jonson into four 
 conjugations, without any reason arising from the nature of the 
 language, which has properly but one conjugation, such as 
 has been exemplified ; from which all deviations are to be con- 
 sidered as anomalies, which are indeed in our monosyllable 
 Saxon verbs, and the verbs derived from them, very frequent ; 
 but almost all the verbs which have been adopted from other 
 languages follow the regular form. 
 
 Our verbs are observed by Dr. Wallis to he irregular only in the formation 
 of the preterite, and its participle. Indeed, in the scantiness of our conjuga- 
 tions, there is scarcely any oilier place for irregularity. 
 
 The first irregularity is a slight deviation from the regular 
 form, b}' rapid utterance or poetical contraction: the last syl- 
 laljle ed is often joined with the former by suppression of e; as 
 lov'd for loved ; afler c, c/i, sh,f, Ic, x, and after the consonants s, 
 th, when more strongly pronotuiced, and sometimes after ni, n, 
 r, if preceded by a short vowel, t is used in pronunciation, but 
 very seldom in writing, rather than d ; as phic't, snatch't,Jish't, 
 wack't, dwil't, smel't ; for plac'd, snalch'd,jish'd ivak'd, divel'd, 
 smel'd ; or placed, snatched, fished, waked, dwelled, smelled. 
 
 Those words which terminate in / or //, or p, make their 
 preterite in t, even in solemn language; as crept, felt, dwelt, 
 sometimes after x, ed is changed into t, as vext ; this is not 
 constant. 
 
 A long vowel is often changed into a short one ; thus, kept, 
 slept, wept, crept, swept ; from the verbs, to keep, to sleep, to 
 weep, to creep, to sweep. 
 
 Where d or t go before, the additional letter d or f, in this 
 contracted form, coalesce into one letter with the radical d or 
 t : if t were the radical, they coalesce into t ; but if rf were the 
 radical, then into d or f, as the one or the other letter maj^ be 
 more easily pronounced : as read, led, spread, shed, shred, bid, 
 chid, fed, bled, bred, sped, sirid, slid, rid ; trom the verbs to 
 read, to lead, to spread, to shed, to shrcad, to bid, to hide, to 
 chide, to feed, to bleed, to breed, to speed, to stride, to .'.lide, to 
 to ride. And thus, cast, hurt, cost, burst, eat, hiat, siveat, sit, 
 quit, smit, writ, bit, hit, met, shot ; from the verbs to cast, to 
 hurt, to cost, to burst, to eat, to beat, to sweat, to sit, to quit, 
 to smile, to write, to bite, to hit, to meet, to shoot. And in 
 like manner, lent, sent, rent, girt ; from the verbs to lend, to 
 send, to rend, to gird. 
 
 The participle preterite or passive is often formed in en, 
 instead of ed; as been, taken, given, slain, known; from the 
 verbs to be, to taki', to give, to slai/, to know. 
 
 Many words have two or more participles, as not only 
 written, bitten, eaten, beaten, hidden, chidden, shotten, chosen, 
 broken ; but likewise writ, bit, eat, beat, hid, chid, shot, chose, 
 broke, are j)romiscuously used in the participle, from the verbs 
 to ti'rite, to bite, to eat, to beat, to hide, to chide, to shoot, to 
 choose, to break, and many such like. 
 
 In the same manner 50?t'n, shewn, hewn, mown, loaden, laden, 
 as well as so7v'd, sheiv'd, hcw'd, mow'd, loaded, laded, from the 
 verbs to sow, to shew, to hew, to mow, to load or lade. 
 
 Concerning these double participles it is difficult to give any 
 rule; but he shall seldom err who remembers, that when a 
 verb has a participle distinct from its preterite, as write, wrote, 
 u'ritten_ that distinct participle is more proper and elegant, as 
 The book is written, is better than the The book is wrote. 
 JVrote however may be used in poetry ; at least if we allow 
 any authority to poets, who, in the exultation of genius, think 
 themselves perhaps entitled to trample on grammarians. 
 
 There are other anomalies in the preterite. 
 
 1. IJln, spin, begin, swim, strike, stick, sing, sting, fling, 
 ring, tvring, spring, swing, drink, sink, shrink, stink, come, 
 run, find, bind, grind, ivind, both in the preterite, imperfect, 
 and participle passive, give tvon, spun, begun, swum, struck, 
 stuck, sung, stung, flung, rung, tcrung, spru7ig, swung, drunk, 
 sunk, shrunk, stunk, come, run, found, bound, ground, wound. 
 And most of them are also formed in the preterite by a, as 
 began, rang, sang, sprang, drank, came, rnn, and some others ; 
 but most of these are now obsolete. Some in the participle 
 passive likewise take en, as stricken, sti ucken, drunken, bounden. 
 
 2. Fight, teach, reach, seek, beseech, catch, buy, bring, think, 
 work, make fought, taught, raught, sought, besought, caught, 
 bought, brought, thought, wrought. 
 
 But a great many of these retain likewise the regular fonn, 
 as teached, reached, beseeched, catched, tvorked. 
 
 3. Take, shake, forsake, wake, awake, stand, break, speak, 
 bear, shear, sivear, tear, wear, weave, cleave, strive, thrive, 
 drive, shi?ie, rise, arise, smite, write, bide, abide, ride, choose, 
 chuse, tread, get, beget, forget, seethe, make in both preterite 
 and participle took, shook, forsook, moke, awoke, stood, broke, 
 spoke, bore, shore, swore, tore, wore, icove, clove, strove, throve, 
 drove, shotie, rose, arose, smote, wrote, bode, abode, rode, chose, 
 trade, got, begot, forgot, sod. But we say likewise, thrive, 
 rise, smit, writ, abid, rid. In the preterite some are likewise 
 formed by a, as brake, spake, bare, share, sware, tare, toare, 
 clave, s:at, begat, forgot, and perhaps some others, but more 
 rarely. In the participle passive many of them are formed by 
 en, as taken, shaken, forsaken, broken, spoken, born, shorn, 
 sworn, torn, worn, woven, cloven, thriven, driven, risen, 
 smitten, ridden, chosen, trodden, gotten, begotten, forgotten, 
 sodden. And many do likewise retain the analogy in both, as 
 waked, awaked, sheared, weuved, leaved, abided, seethed. 
 
 4. Give bid, sit, make in the preterite gave, hade, sate ; in 
 the participle passive, given, bidden, silten; but in both bid. 
 
 5. Draw, know, gi-ow, throw, bloiv, croiv like a cock, Jly, 
 slai/, see, ly, make tlieir preterite drew, knew, grew threiv, 
 blew, crew, Jiew, sleiv, saw, lay ; their participles passive by 
 n, drawn, known, grown, thrown, flown, slain, seen, lien, lain. 
 Vet from Jlee is madefied; from go, icent, from the old wend, 
 the participle is gone, 
 
 OF DERIVATION. 
 
 That the English language may be more easily understood, it is necessai.y 
 to enquire how its derivative words are deduced from their primitives, and 
 liow the primitives are borrowed from other languages. In this enquiry 1 
 sliall sometimes copy Dr. Wallis, and sometimes endeavour to supply hi» 
 defects, and rectify his errours. 
 
 54
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE, 
 
 Nouns are derived from verbs. 
 
 The thing implied in the verb, as done or produced, is com- 
 monly either the present of the verb ; as to.love, loie ; to fright, 
 a fright ; to fight, ajif^/it ; or the preterite of the verb, as, to 
 strike, I strick or strook, a stroke. 
 
 The action is the same with the participle present, as loving, 
 frighting, fighting, striking. 
 
 The agent, or person acting, is denoted by the syllable cr 
 added to the verb, as lover, frighter, striker. 
 
 Substantives, adjectives, and sometimes other parts of speech, 
 are changed into verbs: in which case the vowel is often 
 lengthened, or the consonant softened ; as a house, to house ; 
 brass, to braze; glass, to glaze ; grass, to graze ; price, to prize; 
 breath, to breathe; a fish, to fish; oil, to oil ; further, to fur 
 ther ; forward, to forward ; hinder, to hinder. 
 
 Sometimes the termination en is added, especially to adjec- 
 tives; as haste, to hasten; length, to lengthen; strength, to 
 ttrengthen ; short, to shorten ; fast, to fasten ; white, to whiten ; 
 black, to blacken ; hard, to harden ; soft, to soften. 
 
 From substantives are formed adjectives of plenty, by adding 
 the termination y ; as a louse, louxy ; wealth, ivealthy ; health, 
 healthy; might, mighty; worth, worthy; wit, witty; lust, 
 lusty ; water, watery ; earth, earthy ; wood a wood, woody ; 
 air, airy ; a heart, hearty ; a hand, handy. 
 
 From substantives are formed adjectives of plenty, by adding 
 the termination /«/, denoting abundance ; as joy, joyful; fruit, 
 fruitful ; youth, youthful ; care, careful ; use, useful ; delight, 
 delightful ; Tplenty, plentiful ; help, helpful. 
 
 Sometimes, in almost the same sense, but with some kind of 
 diminution thereof, the termination some is added, denoting 
 something, or i?i some degree ; as delight, delightsome ; game, 
 gamesome; irk, irksome; burden, burdensome ; trouble, trouble- 
 some; light, lightsome; hand, handsome; alone, lonesome; 
 toil, toilsome. 
 
 On tlie contrary, the termination less, added to substantives, 
 makes adjectives signifying want; as worthless, tvilless, heart- 
 less, joyless, careless, helpless. Thus comfort, comfortless ; 
 sap, sapless. 
 
 Privation or contrariety is very often denoted by the par- 
 ticle un prefixed to many adjectives, or in before words derived 
 from the Latin ; as pleasant, unpleasant; wise, unwise; pro- 
 fitable, uiiprofilable ; patient, impatient. Thus unworthy, 
 unhealthy, unjruilful, unuseful, and many more. 
 
 1 he original English privative is tin; but as we often boirowfrom the Latin, 
 or Its descendants, words alrt-ady signifying privati(ni, as infficacions, impious, 
 indiscreet, the inseparable particles nn and in have fallen into confusion, from 
 which it is iioteasj to disentangle them. 
 
 Uh is prefixed to all words originally English ; as nnirue, untruth, untaught, 
 unhand&ome. 
 
 f/n is prefixed to all participles made privative adjectives, as unfeeling, un- 
 assisting, unaided, undelighted, unendeared. 
 
 t/n ought never to be prefixed to a paiticiple present, to mark a forbearance 
 of action, as unsighing ; but a privation of habit, as mipitying. 
 
 f/nis prefixed to most substantives which have an English termination, as 
 unfenileticss, wnpfr/'ectness, which, if they have borrowed terminations, take in 
 or im, as inJertiUty, iniperfectinn ; uncivil, incivititv; unaclive, inactiviti). 
 
 In borrowing adjectives, if we receive them already compounded, it is 
 usual to retain the particle prefixed, as indecent, inelegant, imprnper ; but if we 
 borrow the adjective, and add the p/ivative particles, we commonly prefix 
 un, as unpolite, ungallant. 
 
 The prepositive particles dis and mis, derived from the des 
 and mes of the French, signify almost the same as un ; yet dis 
 rather imports contrariety than privation, since it answers to 
 the Latin preposition de. Mis insinuates some error, and for 
 the most part may be rendered by the Latin words male or ptr- 
 peram. To like, to dislike ; honour, dishonour ; to honour, to 
 grace, to dishonour, to disgrace ; to deign, to disdeign ; chance, 
 hap, mischance, mishap ; to take, to mistake ; deed, misdeed ; 
 to use, to misuse ; to employ, to misemploy ; to apply, to mis- 
 apply. 
 
 Words derived from Latin written with de or dis retain the 
 
 same signification ; as distinguish, distinguo ; detract, detraho ; 
 defame, defamo ; detain, detineo. 
 
 The termination ly added to substantives, and sometimes to 
 adjectives, forms adjectives that import soinc kind of similitude 
 or agreement, being formed by contraction of lick or like. 
 
 A giant, giant, giantlike; earth, earthly : iieaven, heavenly ; 
 world, worldly ; God, godly; good, goodly. 
 
 The same termination ly added to adjectives, forms adverbs 
 of like signification ; as beautiful, beautifully ; sweet, sweetly, 
 that is, in a beaut ijul manner ; with some degree of stvtetness. 
 
 The termination ish added to adjectives, imports diminution ; 
 and added to substantives, imports sim.ilitude or tendency to a 
 character; as green, greenish ; white, whitish ; soft, soflish ; a 
 thief, thievish; a wolf, volvish ; a child, childish. 
 
 We have forms of diminutives in substantives, though not 
 frequent; as a hill, a hillock; a cock, a cockerel; a pike, a 
 pickrel ; this is a French termination : a goose, a gosling ; this 
 is a German termination : a lamb, a lambkin ; a chick, a chicken ; 
 a man, a manikin ; a pipe, a pipkin ; ami thus Halkin, whence 
 the patronimick, Hawkins; Wilkin, 7'Ao»(/.i«, and others. 
 
 Yet still there is another form of diminution among the English, by lessen- 
 ing the sound itself, especially of vowels; as there is a form of augmenting 
 them by enlarging, or even lengthening it ; and that sometimes not so mucb 
 by change of the letters, as of their pronunciation ; as sup, sip, son), sop, sippet, 
 where, besides the extenuation of the vowel, there is added the French termi- 
 nation et ; top, tip ; spit, spout ; babe, babij ; hcobp, SoTra;; ; great pronounced 
 es|)ecially with a stronger soumi, grea-t ; tittle pronounced long, lee-tie ; ting, 
 tang, tong, imports a succession of smaller and then greater soui,ds; and so 
 hi Jingle, jangle, tingle, tangle, and many other made words. 
 
 iMnch hoa-ever of this is arbitrary and fancijul , depending wholly on oral ut- 
 terance, and therefore scarcely n^orthij the notice of W'allis. 
 
 Of concrete adjectives are made abstract substantives, by 
 adding the termination iiess, and a few in hood or head, noting 
 character or qualities; as white, whiteness; hard, hardness ; 
 great, greatness ; skilful, skilfulncss, unskilftdness ; godhead, 
 manhood, maidenhead, widoichood, knighthood, priesthood, 
 likelihood, falsehood. 
 
 There are other abstracts, partly derived from the adjectives, 
 and partly from verbs, which are formed by the addition of the 
 termination th, a small change being sometimes made ; as long, 
 length ; strong, strength ; broad, breadth ; wide, width ; deep, 
 depth ; true, truth ; warm, warmth ; dear, dearth ; slow, 
 slowth ; merry, mirth ; heal, health ; well, weal, uxalth ; dry, 
 droughth; young, youth; and so moon, month. 
 
 Like these are some words derived from veibs ; die, death ; 
 till, tilth ; grow, growth ; mow, later moivth, after mow'th ; 
 commonly spoken and written later math, after math ; steal, 
 stealth ; bear, birth ; rue, ruth ; and probably earth, from to 
 ear or ploiv ; ^y, flight ; weigh, weight ; iray, fright ; to draw, 
 draught. 
 
 These should rather be written Jiighlh, frighth, only that custom will not 
 sutler h to be twice repeated. 
 
 The same form retain faith, spight, ureathe, wrath, broth, froth, breath, sooth, 
 worth, light, uight, and the like, whose primitives are either entirely obsolete, 
 or seldom occur. Perhaps they are derived Ciomfey orfoy, spry, wry, trreak, 
 brew, mow, fry, bray, say, work. 
 
 Some ending in ship imply an office, employment, or condi- 
 tion ; as kingship, u'ardship, guardianship, partnership, stew- 
 ardship, headship, lordship. 
 Tlius uvrship, that is, unrthship ; whence worshipful, and to iiwsftip. 
 
 Some few ending in dom, rick, wick, do especiallj' denote do- 
 minion, at least state or condition ; as kingdom, dukedom, earl- 
 dom, princedom, popedom, chrisiendom,f)eedom, wisdom, whore^ 
 dom, bishoprick, bailywick. 
 
 Ment and age are plainly French terminations, and are of 
 the same import with us as among them, scaixely ever occur- 
 ring, except in words derived from the French, as command- 
 ment, usage. 
 
 There are in English often long trains of words allied by their meaning and 
 derivation ; as to beat, a bat, batoon, a battle, a beetle, a battle-door, to batter, bat- 
 ter, akind of glutinous composition for food, ma-Je by beating diticient bodies 
 into oite mass. All these are of similar signihcstiou, auQ perhaps derived 
 
 55
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 from the Latin batuo. Thus take, touch, tickle, tack, tackle ; ail iniply a local 
 conjunction, from the Latin tatigo, tetigi, tactum. 
 
 From tiiio are formed twain, tuHce. twenty, twelve, twins, tw'.ne, twist, twirl, 
 twi^, twitch, twinge, between, hetwijt, twilight, twibii. 
 
 '] he fullowiiig remarks, extracted from Wallis, are ingenious, but of more 
 subtlety than solidity, and such as perhaps miglit in every language be en- 
 larged without end. 
 
 Sn usually imply the nose, and what relates to it. From the L;ttin nasiis are 
 derived the French nez and the English nose ; and nessc a promontory, as pro- 
 jecting like a nose, liut as if from the consonants ns takeu from 7w.s»5, and 
 transposed, that they may the better correspond, sn denote Jiasus ; and thence 
 are derived many words that relate to the nose, as smnit, sneeze, snore, snort, 
 sneer, snicker, snot, mevil, snite, snuff, stiujjle, snajfic, snmle, sniidgc. 
 
 'I'iiere is another sn, which may perhaps be derived from the l^atin, sinuo, as 
 Siiake, sneak, snnd, snare ; so likewise siiap and snatch, snib, smth. 
 
 lil imply a blast ; as blow, blast, to blMt, to blight, and, metaphorically, to 
 fc/usi one s reputation; bleat, bleak, a bleak place, to louk bleak or weatherhealeii, 
 bleak, bUnj, bleach, bluster, blni't, blister, blub, bladder, bleb, blister, blubberlip't, 
 blubber-cheek' t , bloled, blote-herrings, blast, blaze, to blow, that is, blossom, bloom; 
 and perhaps blood and blnsh. 
 
 In the native words of our tongue is to be found a great agreement between 
 the letters and the thing signified ; and therefore the sounds of letters smaller, 
 sharper, louder, closer, softer, stroneer, clearer, more obscure, and more stri- 
 duious, do very often intimate the like efiVcts in the thing signified. 
 
 Thus words that begin with str intimate the force and ctl'fct of the thing 
 signified, as if probably derived from ^fionu/Jti, or strenuiis; as strong, strength, 
 sti-ew, strike, streak , stroke, stripe, strife, struggle, strout, strut, stretch, strait, 
 strict, streight, tliat is, narrow, distrain, stress, distress, string, strap, stream, 
 streamer, strand, strip, stray, struggle, strange, stride, straddle. 
 
 St m like manner imply strength, but in a less degree, so much only as is 
 suflicient to preserve what has been already cununiuiicated, rather than acquire 
 any new degree ; as if it were derived from the Latin sto: for example, stand, 
 stay, tiiat is, tu remain, or to prop ; staff', stay, that is, to oppose; stop, tosluff', 
 stifie, to stay, that is, to stop; a stay, that is, an obstacle ; stick, stut, stutter, 
 stammer, stagger, stickle, stick, stake, a sliarp pale, and any thing deposited 
 at plav ; stock, stem, sting, to sting, stink, stitch, stud, stanchion, stub, stubble, to 
 stub up, stump, whence stumble, stalk, to stalk, step, to stamp with the feet, 
 whence to stamp, that is, to make an impression and a stamp ; stow, to stoio, to 
 bestow, steward ot stoward, stead, steady, steadfast, stable, a stable, a stall, to stall, 
 stool, stall, still, stall, stallage, stall, singe, still adj. and still, adv. stale, stout, 
 sturdu, steed, stoat, stallion, stiff", stark- dead, to starve with hunger, or cold ; stone, 
 steel, ster7i, stanch, to stanch blood, to stare, steep, steeple, stair, standard, a stated 
 measure, stately. In all these, and perhaps some others, st denote something 
 firm and fixed. 
 
 Thr imph' a more violent degree of motion, as throw, thrust, throng, throb, 
 through, threat, threaten, thrall, throws. 
 
 Wr imply 3ome sort of obliquity or distortion, as ury,to ureathe, wrest 
 wrestle, urins:, wi-ong, uTinch, wrench, wrangle, wrinkle, wrath, wreak, wrack, 
 ■wrercn, wrist, nrap. 
 
 Sw imply a silent agitation, or a softer kind of lateral motion ; as sway, simg, 
 to swaii, swagger, swerve, sieeat, sweep, swill, swim, swmg, swijl, sweet, switdi, 
 swinge. 
 
 Nor is there much difference ohm In smooth, smug, smile, smirk, smite, which 
 si"iiifies the same as to strike, but is a softer word ; small, smelt, smack, smother, 
 smart, a smart blow properly signifies such a kind of stroke as with an origi- 
 nally silent motion, implied in sm, proceeds to a quick violence, denoted by 
 ar suddeidy ended, as is shewn by (. 
 
 CI denote a kind of adhesion or tenacity, as in cleave, clay, cling, climb, 
 clamber, clammy, clasp, toclasp, to clip, to cimch, cloak, clog, close, tocbse, aclod, 
 a clot, as a clot of blood, clouted cream, a clutter, a cluster, 
 
 Sp imply a kind of dissipation or expansion, especially a quick one parti- 
 cularly if there he an r, as if it were from spargo. or scparo: for example, 
 spread, spririg, sprig, sprout, sprinkle, split, splinter, spill, spit, sputter, spatter. 
 
 SI denote a kind of silent fall, or a less obserrable motion ; as in slime, slide, 
 slip, slipper, slu. sleight, slit, slow, slack, slight, sUng, slap. 
 
 And so likewise, ash, in ci'ash, rash, gash,Jlash, clash, lash, slash, plash, trash, 
 indicate something acting more nimbly and sharply. But ush, in crush, rush, 
 gush,jlush, blush, brush, bush, push, implies something as acting more obtusely 
 and dully. Vet in both there is indicated a swift and sudden motion, not 
 instantaneous, but gradual, by the contiimed sound sh. 
 
 Thus in Jiing, sUng, ding, swing, cling, sing, wring, sting, the tinglin" of the 
 termination ng, and the sharpness of the vowel i, imply the continuation of a 
 very slender motion or tremor, at length indeed vanishing, but not suddenly 
 interrupted. But in tink, wink, sink, clink, chink, think, that end in a mute 
 consonant, there is also indicated a sudden ending. 
 
 If there bean /, as in jingle, tingle, tinkle, mingle, sjmnkle, twinkle, there is 
 implied a frequency, or iteration of small acts. And the same fre'iuency of 
 acts, but less subtile by reason of the clearer vowel a is indicated in jangle, 
 tangle, spangle, mangle, wrangle, brangle, dangle; as also in mumble, grumble, 
 jumble, tumble, stumble, rumble, crumble, fumble. But at the same time the 
 close u implies something obscure or obtundcd ; and a congeries of consonants 
 mhl, denotes a confu'ied kind of rolling or tumbling, as in ramble, scamhle, 
 scramble, wamble, amble ; but in those there is something acute. 
 
 In nimble, liie acuteness of the vowel denotes celerity. In spaikle, sp de- 
 notes dissipation, nr an acute crackling, k a sudden interruption, / a freq^iient 
 iteration; and in like manner in sprinkle, unless in may imply the subtil(\- of 
 the dissipated guttules. Thick and thin differ, in that the former ends with 
 an obtuse consonant, and the latter with an acute. 
 
 In like luainier, in squeek, squeak, squeal, squall, braul, wraul, yaul, spaul, 
 screek, shriek, shrill, sharp, shrivel, wrinkle, crack, crash, clash, gnash, plash, 
 crush, hush, hisse,Jisse, whist, soft, jarr, hurl, curl, whirl, buz, bustle, spindle, 
 
 dwijidle, twine, twist, and in many more, we may observe the agreement of 
 such sort of sounds with the things signified : and this so frequently happens, 
 that scarce any language which 1 know can be compared with ours. So that 
 one monosyllable word, of which kind are almost all ours, emphatically ex- 
 presses what ill other languages can scarce be explained but by compounds, 
 or decompounds, or sometimes a tedious circumlocution. 
 
 We have many words borrowed from the Latin ; but the 
 greatest part of them were communicated by the intervention 
 of the French ; as grace, face y elegance , resemble. 
 
 Some verbs, which seem borrowed from the Latin, are 
 formed from tlie present tense, and some from the supines. 
 
 From tile present are formed spend, expend, cxpendo ; con- 
 dnce, conduco; despise, despicio; approve, approbo; conceive, 
 concipio. 
 
 From the supines, supplicate, supplico; demonstrate, de- 
 monstro; dispose, dispono; expatiate, expatior; suppress, sup- 
 primo ; exempt, exirao. 
 
 Nothing is more apparent, than that Wallis goes too far in quest of origi- 
 nals. Many of these which seem selected as immediate descendants from tne 
 Latin, are apparently French, as conceive, approve, expose, exempt. 
 
 Some words purely French, not derived from the Latin, we 
 have transferred into our language; as garden, garter, buckler, 
 to advance, to fry, to plead, from the itrewdh, jar din, jar tier, 
 bouclicr, avancer, crier, plaider ; though indeed, even of these, 
 part is of Latin original. 
 
 As to many words which we have in common with the Germans, it is 
 doubtful whether the old Teutons borrowed them from the Latins, or the 
 iafins from the Teutons, or both had them from some common original; as 
 wine, vinum ; wind, ventus ; went, veni ; way, via ; wall, vallum ; wallow, volvo ; 
 VHwl, vellus; will, volo; worm, vermis; worth, virtus ; wasp, vespa ; day, dies; 
 draw, traho ; tame, domo, Safxax; yoke, jugum, ^sSyoc ; orer, ujrper, super, uttc^ ; 
 am, sum, nui ; break, frango ;Jiy, volo ; blow, fio. I make no doubt but the 
 'i'eutonick is more ancient than the Latin ; and it is no less certain, tliat i\^e 
 Latin, which borrowed a great nuuiber of words, not only fmm the Greek, 
 especially the yiColick, but from other neighbouring languages, as the Oscan 
 and others, which have long become obsolete, rcceirecl not a few from the 
 Teutonick. It is certain, that the English, German, and other Teutonick lan- 
 guages, retained some derived from the Greek, which the Latin lias not; as 
 ax, a^hs, mit, Jord, pjurd, daughter, tockter, mickle, mingle, moon, fear, grave, 
 graff, to grave, to scrape, whole, from a^lvn, f^i^a, 'ziro^Qfj.oi;, ^uyaTh^, (JLtyaXo;, 
 (AtyvuM, (xwrt, ^n^oi;, ypaufxii, o>of. Since llicy received these immediately from 
 the Greeks, without the intervention of the Latin languages, why may not 
 other words be derived ininiediafely from the same fountain, though they be 
 likewise found among the Latins ? 
 
 Our ancestors were studious to form borrowed words, how- 
 ever long, into monosyllables ; and not only cut off the formative 
 terminations, but cropped the first syllable, especially in words 
 beginning with a vowel; and rejected not only vowels in the 
 middle, but likewise consonants of a weaker sound, retaining 
 the stronger, which seem the bones of words, or changing them 
 for others of the same organ, in order that the sound might 
 become the softer; but especially transporting their order, 
 that they might the more readily be pronounced without the in- 
 termediate vowels. For example, in expendo, spend; exem- 
 plum, sample; excipio, scape; extraneus, strange; extractum, 
 stretch' d ; excrucio, to screiv ; exscorio, to scour ; excorio, to 
 scourge ; excortico, to scratch; and others beginning with ex: 
 as also, emendo, to mend; episcopus, bishop; in Danish, bisp; 
 epistola^ epistle; hospitale, spittle; Hispania, Spain; historia, 
 story. 
 
 Many of these etymologies are doubtful, and some evidently mistaken. 
 
 The following are somewhat harder, Alexander, Sander ; Elisabetha, Betty ; 
 apis, bee ; aper, bar ; p passing into b, as in bislnrp ; and by cutting oft' a from 
 the begiunint:, which is restored in the middle : hut for the old bar or bare, we 
 now &ay boar ; as for Iniig, long; for bain, bane; for stane, stone; aprugna, 
 brown, p being changed into b, and a transpo sed, as in aper, and g changed 
 into w, as in pignuSj'/^au'n; lege, law ; ahoTrn^, fox; cutting off the beginning, 
 and changing p into^i as in peilis, a fell; pullus, a J'oal ; pater, father ; pavor, 
 fear; polio.^/e; pleo, impIeo,///,Ju//,- piscis,^/t; and transposing o into the 
 middle, which was taken from the beginning ; apex, a piece ; peak, pike; 20- 
 phorus,yrec:e; mustum, st^m ; defensio,^e;ice; dispensator, Spenser ;, ascuito, 
 escouter, Fr. scout ; exscalpo, scrape, restoring / instead of r, and hence scrap, 
 scrablc, scrau'/ ; exculpo, scoi)p ; exterritus, sturf ; cxtonitus, attonitus, stonnd; 
 stcmiaclms, 7«au'; ofiendo, fined; obstipo, stop; audere, t/are; cavere, ware; 
 whence a-ware, be-ware, wary, warn, warning, for the Latin v consonant for- 
 merly sounded like our w, arid the modern sound of the D consonant was for- 
 merly that of the letter/, that is, the yEoIick digamina, wliich had the sound 
 of f, and the modern sound of the letter/was that ol the Greek <f. vrph ; ulcus. 
 
 56
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 ulcere, ulcer, sore, and hence surn/, smrcm, sorrawful ; ingenium, engine, gin ; sea 
 lenus, leaning, unless you would rather derive it from xXim, whence inclino; 
 infundihulum, funnel; gagates, jett; projectuni, to jett Jmth, a jetty; cu- 
 cullus, a cowl. 
 
 There are syncopes somewhat tiarder ; from tempore, time ; from nomine 
 name ; domina, dame ; as the French hommc,jcmme, nom, from honiine, fa;niina, 
 nomine. Thus pagina, pai^e ; •nroTrifiov, pot; KuniXXa, cup ; cantharus, ctnt ; 
 tentorium, (cnl ; precor, /irai/ ; prwda.prei/; specie, specuior,*;"/; pUco.pty; 
 implico, im;i/i/; replico, rc/j/i/ ; complico, cum/i'v ; sedcs episcopalis, see. 
 
 A vowel is'also cut oft' in the middle, that llie number of the syllables may 
 be lessened ; as amita, aunt ; spiritus, sqmght ? debitum, dc/it ; dubito, dauht ; 
 comes, comitis, count ; clericus, clerk; quietus, ^lut, ^iiilc ;acquicto, toucqidt; 
 separo, to spare; stabilis, statfe; slabuluin, sdiWc ; jiidluliuiu, palace, place; 
 nbaUi, rail ; rawl, nraut, hrawl, rahlc , hrahle : qu:Tsitio, quest. 
 
 As also a consonant, or at least one of a softer sound, or even a whole sylla- 
 ble ; rotundus; round; ftagilis./i-oi/ ; sccurus, siiie ; regul, rule; tegula, /i/e ; 
 subtilis, 5H/)(/e ; nomcn, tiokk ; decanus, dtan; computo, count; siioituneus, 
 suddain, soon ; superare, to sour ; periculum, peril; mirabile, mm-iW ; as mag- 
 nus,f?iai7£; dignor, deign; lingo, stain; linctum, taint; pingo, paint; pra;dari, 
 reach. 
 
 The contractions may seem harder, where many of them meet, as Jty-rnxof, 
 kyrk, church ; presbyter, priest ; sacristan us, seifon ; frango, fregi, break, breach ; 
 fagus, ^riya, beech ; f changed into b, and g into ch, which are letters near 
 a-kin ; frigesco,Ji'eese ; frigesco, /resft, se into sh, as above in bishop, Jiah, so in 
 scapha, sktjj', skip, and refrigesco, refresh ; but viresco, fresh ; pldebotomus, 
 J earn ; bovina, beef'; vitiiiina, veal; scutifer, squire; pocnitentia, penauce ; 
 saiictuarium, sanctuary, sentry ; quresitio, cliase ; pcrquisitio, purchase ; an- 
 guilla, eel ; insula, isle, He, isla7id. Hand ; insuletta, islet, ilet ; eyght ; and more 
 contraciedly ey, whence Owsney, Ruleq, Ely ; exaniinare, to scan, namely, by 
 rejecting from the beginning and end e and o, according to the usual manner, 
 the remainder xainin, which the Saxons, who did not use a, write csamen, or 
 teamen, is contracted into scan ; as from dominus, don ; nomine, noun ; abomi- 
 no, ban; and indeed apuni c.rame?i they turned into sciame ; for which we say 
 swarine, by inserting r to denote tlie munnuring.; thesaurus, stin-e ; sedile, 
 stool; u{l3i,wet; sudo, sueat ; gaudium, ^^av;jocus,/oi/; succus, Juice ; catena, 
 chaiii; caliga, calga ; chausc, cliausse, Fr. hose; extinguo, stanch, squench, 
 quench, stijit ; foras, forth; species, spice; recito, read; adjuvo, aid; alcuv, 
 iETum, ay, ao;e, ever ; floccus, lock ; excerno, scrape, scrabble, scrawl ; extrava- 
 gus, stray, strag^^le ; coiiectum, clot, clutch ; colligo, coii; recoliigo, recoi/ ; se- 
 vero, su'far; stridulus, shnll ; procurator, proxy; pulso, to push ; calamus, a 
 
 ?iuill; impetre, toimpeac/i ; augeo, auxi, u'a.r ; and vanesco, vanui, 7yane ; syl- 
 abare, (0 spe/( ; puteus,p!{; granum, com ; comprimo, cram;), crump, a'umpte, 
 crinkle. 
 
 Some may seem harsher, yet may not be rejected, for it at least appears, 
 that some of tliem are derived from jumper names, and there are otliers whose 
 etymology is acknowledged by every body ; as Alexander, Elick, Srander, 
 Sander, Sanny, Sandy ; Elizabetha, EUzabetlt, Elisabeth; Betty, Bess; iNIarga- 
 reta, Margaret, Marget, Meg, Pe« ; Maria, Ma}-y, Mai, Pal, Malkin, Muwkin, 
 Mau'kes; Matthsus, Mattha, Matthew; Martha, Matt, Pat; Gulielmus, 
 Wilhelmus, Girolamo, Cuillaurne. William, Will, Bill, Wilkin, Wicken, WicliS, 
 Weeks. 
 
 Thus cariophyllus, flos ; gcrofilo, Ital. giriflee, gilofcr, Fr. gillifowa-, wliich 
 the vulgar call julyftower, as if derived from the month July ; petroselinum, 
 parsley; poriniaca, purslain ; cydonium, quince; cydoniatum, guidr/eny ; per- 
 sicum, peac/( ; eruca, eruke, viU\ch they corrupt to ear-icig, ?is if it took its 
 name from the ear ; annulus gerainus, a gimmal, or gimbal ring ; and thus the 
 word gimbal and Jumbal is transferred to other things thus interwoven, 
 quelques choses, /cJc/cs/iairs. Since the origin of these, and many others, how- 
 ever forced, is evident, it ought to appear no wonder to any one if the ancients 
 have thus disfigured many, especially as they so much aftected monosylla- 
 bles ; and, to make them sound the softer, took this liberty of maiming, tak- 
 ing away, changing, transposing and softening thera. 
 
 But while we derive these from the Latin, I do not mean to say, that many 
 of them did not immediately come to us from the Saxon, Danish, Dutch, and 
 Teutoniek lan^uanes, and other dialects, and some taken more lately from 
 the Frencli, or Italians, or Spaniards. 
 
 The same word, according to its diiTerent significations, often hasadifltrcnt 
 origin ; as to bear u burden, fromfero ; but to bear, whence birth, barn, bairn, 
 comes from pario ; and a bear, at least if it be of Latin original, from fcra. 
 Tllus perch, a fish, from ^erca ; but perch, a measure, from pertica, and like- 
 wise to perc/i. To spell IS from syllaba ; but spell, an inchantment, by which 
 It is believed that the boundarie's are so fixed in lands, that none can pass 
 tliem against the master's will, from eipello ; and spell, a messenger, from 
 epislola ; whence gospel, good-spell, or god-spell. Thus, freese, or freeze, from 
 frigesco ; batfreeze, an architectonic word, from zophorus ; butfreese, for cloth, 
 froin FHsia, or perhaps from frigesco, as being more fit than any other for 
 keeping out tlie cold. 
 
 There are many words aifSong us, even monosyllables, compounded of two 
 OT more words, at least serving instead of compounds, and comprising the 
 signification of more words tlian one ; as from scrip and roll comes scroll ;"from 
 proud and rfance, prance ; from st of tlie verb stay, or stand, and out, is made 
 aout; from stout and hardy, sturdy ; from sp of spil or spcu', and out comes spout : 
 from the same sp, with the termination in, is spin ; and adding out, spin out ; and 
 from the same jj), with it, is spit, which only dilfers from spout ni that it is 
 smaller, and with less noise and force ; butspufter is, because of the obscure u, 
 something between spit and snout ; and by reason of adding r, it intimates a 
 frequent iteration and noise, lout obscurely confused: whereas spattei-, on ac- 
 count (/f the sharper and clearer vowel a, intimates a more distinct noise, in 
 which it chiefly dilVers from sputter. From the same sp and the termination 
 ark, comes spark, signifying a single emission of fire with a noise ; namely, sp 
 
 the emission ar the more acute noise, and k the mute consonant intimates ill 
 being suddenly terminated ; but by adding /, is made the frequentativf sparkle. 
 The same syjby adding r, thatisspr, imjilies a more lively impetus of diffusing, 
 or expanding itself; to which adding the termination ing it becomes spring ; 
 its vigour s/M- imports; its sharpness the tt-rmination ing; and lastly ijt acute 
 and tremulous, ending in the mute consonant g, denotes the sudden ending 
 of any motion, that it is meant in its primary signification, of a single, not a 
 complicated exliilition. Hence wt* call sjtring whatever has an elastick force ; 
 as also a fountain of water, and thence the origin of any thing ; and to spring, 
 to germinate ; and spring, one of the four seasons. From the samesor and mit, 
 is formed s/»'ou(, and with the termination ig, sprig ; of which the fnilowin*.!, for 
 the most part, is the difference ; sprout, of a grosser sound imports a fatter or 
 grosser bud ; sprig, of a slenderer sound denotes a smaller shoot. In lik& man- 
 ner, from str of the verb strive, and out, come strout, and strut. From the same 
 sir, and tlie termination uggle, is made struggle; and this^/ imports, but with- 
 out any great noise, by reason of the obscure sound of the vowel u. In like 
 manner, from t/iroioand roll'is made fro// ; and almost in the same sense \i trundle, 
 from throw or thrust and rundle. Thus gruff or grough is compounded of 
 grave and rough ; and trudge from tread or trot and drudge. 
 
 In these observations it is easy to discover great sagacity and 
 great extravagance, an ability to do much defeated by the de- 
 sire of doing more llian enough. It may be remarked, 
 
 1 . That Wallis's derivations are often so made, that by the 
 same licence any language may be deduced from any other. 
 
 2. Tlmt he makes no distinction between words immediately 
 derived by us fiom the Latin, and those which, being copied 
 from other languages, can therefore afford no example of the 
 genius of the English language, or its laws of derivation. 
 
 3. That he derives from the Latin, oiten with great harsh- 
 ness and violence, words apparently Teutoniek; and therefore 
 according to his own declaration, probably older than the 
 tongue to which he refers them. 
 
 4. That some of his derivations are apparently erroneous. 
 
 SYNTAX, 
 
 The established practice of gramnaarians requires that I should here treat of 
 the Syntax ; but our language has so little inflection, or variety of termina- 
 tions, that its construction neither requires nor admits many rules. Wallii 
 therefore has totally neglected it ; anti Jonson, wliose desire of following tlie 
 writers upon the learned languages, made him think a syntax indispensably 
 necessary, has published such petty observations as were better omitted. 
 
 The verb, as in other languages, agrees with the nominative 
 in number and person; a.% Thou Jlitst from good ; he runs to 
 death. 
 
 Our adjectives and pronouns are invariable. 
 
 Of two substantives the noun possessive is the genitive ; 
 as. His father's glory ; The sun's heat. 
 
 Verbs transitive require an oblique case ; as. He loves me ; 
 You fear him. 
 
 All prepositions require an oblique case; as, He gave this to 
 me ; He took this from vie ; He saj/s this of me ; He came with 
 me. 
 
 PROSODY. 
 
 It is common for those that deliver the grammar of modern languages, to 
 omit their Prosody. So that of the Italians is neglected by Buomattei ; that 
 of tlic French by'Desmarais; and that of the English by iTu/Zis, Gvper, and 
 even by Jonson, though a poet. But as the laws of metre are included in the 
 idea of a grammar, I nave thought it proper to insert them. 
 
 Prosody comprises orthoepy, or the rules of pronunciation ; 
 and orthomctry, or the laws of versification. 
 
 Pronunciation is just, wlien every letter has its proper 
 sound, and when every syllable has its proper accent, or, which 
 in English versification is the same, its proper quantity. 
 
 The sounds of the letters li.ave been already explained ; and rules for the ac- 
 cent or quantity are not easily to be given, being subject to innumerable ex- 
 ceptions. Such however as I have read or formed, I shall here propose. 
 
 1. Of dissyllables formed by affixing a termination, the 
 former syllable is commonly accented ; as, childish, kingdom, 
 lictest, acted, tuilsome, lover, scoffer, fdirtr,f6remost, zialous, 
 fulness, godly, meekly, tirtist. 57
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 2. Dissyllables formed by prefixing a syllable to the radical 
 word, have commonly the accent on the latter ; as to beget, to 
 htsi-em, to bestow. 
 
 :5. Of dissyllables which are at once nouns and verbs, the 
 verb has commonly the accent on the latter, and the noun on 
 the former syllable; as, to descant, a descant; to cement, a ce- 
 ment ; to contract, a contract. 
 
 This rule has many exceptions. Though verbs seldom have their accent on 
 the former, jet nouns often have it ou the latter syllable ; as, delight, per- 
 fftme. 
 
 4. All dissyllables ending in y, as cranny; in our, as labour, 
 favour; mow, as willow, wdllow, except allow ; in le, as battle, 
 bible; in is/i, as banish ; in ck, as cdmbrick, cassock; in ter, as 
 /(' batter ; in age, as courage ; in en, as /listen ; in et, as quiet ; 
 accent the former syllable. 
 
 5. Dissyllable nouns in er, as canker, biilter, have the accent 
 oa the former syllable. 
 
 6. Dissyllable verbs terminating in a consonant and e final, 
 as comprise, escape ; or having a dipthong in the last syllable, 
 as appease, reveal; or ending in two consonants, as attend: 
 have the accent on the latter syllable. 
 
 7. Dissyllable nouns having a dipthong in the latter sylla- 
 ble, have commonly their accent on the latter syllable, as ap- 
 plause; except words in ain, as certain, moiintain. 
 
 8. TrissyUables formed by adding a termination, or prefixing 
 a syllable, retain their accent on the radical word, as loveliness, 
 tenderness, contemner, wdggonner, phi/'sicvl, bespatter, com- 
 menting, commending, assurance. 
 
 9. TrissyUables ending in ous, as gracious, arduous ; in al, 
 as capital ; in ion, as mention ; accent the first. 
 
 10. TrissyUables ending in cc, ent, and ate, accent the first 
 syllable, as countenance, continence, armament, imminent, ele- 
 gant, propagate : except they be derived from words having 
 the accent on the last, as connivance, acquaintance; or the 
 middle syllable hath a vowel before two consonants, as promul- 
 gate. 
 
 11. TrissyUables ending in y, as entity, specify, liberty, vic- 
 tory, subsidy, commonly accent the fu-st syllable. 
 
 VI. Trissyllables in re or le accent the first syllable, as legible, 
 theatre ; except disciple, and some words which have a position, 
 as exeimple, epistle. 
 
 13. Trissyllables in ude commonly accent the first syllable, 
 asplenfitude. 
 
 14. Trissyllables ending in ator or atour, as credtour ; or 
 having in the middle syllable a dipthong, as endeavour ; or a 
 vowel before two consonants, as domestick ; accent the 
 middle syllable. 
 
 15. Trissyllables that have their accent on the last syllable 
 are commonly French, as acquiesce, repartee, magazine; or 
 words formed by prefixing one or two syllables to an acute 
 syllable, as immature, overcharge. 
 
 ' 16. Polysyllables, or words of more than three syllables, fol- 
 low the accents of the words from which they are derived, as 
 arrogating, cdntinency, incontinency, commendable, communi- 
 cableness. We should therefore say, disputable, indisputable, 
 rather than disputable, indisputable ; and advertisement raxhex 
 than advertisement. 
 
 17. Words in ion have the accent upon the antepenult, as 
 salvation, perturbation, concoction ; words in autor or utor on 
 the penult, as dedicator. 
 
 18. ^\"ords ending in le Commonly have the accent on the 
 first syllable, as amicable; unless the second syllable have a 
 vowel before two consonants, as combustible. 
 
 19. Words ending in ous have the accent on the antepenult, 
 as \ix6rious, voluptuous. 
 
 20. Words ending in ty have their accent on the antepenult, 
 as pusillanimity, activity. 
 
 These rules are not advanced as complete or infallible, but proposed as use- 
 ful. Almost every rule of every language has its e.\ceptions ; and in English, 
 as in other tongues, much must be learned by example and authority. Per- 
 haps more and better rules may given, that have escaped my observation. 
 
 Versification is the arrangement of a certain number 
 of syllables according to certain laws. 
 
 The feet of our verses are either iambick, as alAft, credit ; or 
 trochaick, as holy, I6fty. 
 
 Our iambick measure comprises verses 
 
 Of four syllables, 
 
 Of six, 
 
 Most good, most fair. 
 Or things as rare, 
 To call you 's lost ; 
 For all the cost 
 Words can bestow, 
 So poorly show 
 Upon your praise. 
 That all the ways 
 Sense hath, come short. 
 
 With ravish'd ears 
 The monarch hears. 
 
 This while we are abroad. 
 Shall we not touch our lyre ? 
 
 Shall we not sing an ode ? 
 Shall that holy fire 
 
 In us that strongly glow'd. 
 In this cold air expire 1 
 
 Though in the utmost Peak 
 
 A while we do remain. 
 Amongst the mountains bleak, 
 
 Expos'd to sleet and rain ; 
 No sport our hours shall break,' 
 
 To exercise our vein. 
 
 What though bright Phcebus' beams 
 Refresh the southern ground. 
 
 And though the princely Thames 
 With beauteous nymphs abound. 
 
 And by old Camber's streams 
 Be many wonders found. 
 
 Yet many rivers clear 
 
 Here glide in silver swathes ; 
 And what of all most dear, 
 
 Buxton's delicious baths. 
 Strong ale and noble chear, 
 
 T' assuage breem winter's scaths. 
 
 In places far and near, 
 
 Or famous or obscure. 
 Where wholsora is the air. 
 
 Or where the most impure. 
 All times and every where. 
 
 The muse is still in ure. 
 
 Drayton. 
 Dryden, 
 
 Drayton. 
 5S
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 Of eight, which is the usual measure of short poems. 
 
 And may at last my weary age 
 
 Find out the peaceful hermitage. 
 
 The hairy gown, and mossy cell. 
 
 Where I may sit and nightly spell 
 
 Of ev'ry star the sky doth shew. 
 
 And ev'ry herb that sips the dew. Milton. 
 
 Of ten, which is the common measure of heroick and tra 
 gick poetry. 
 
 '■} 
 
 Full in the midst of this created space. 
 
 Betwixt heav'n, earth, and skies, there stands a place 
 
 Confining on all three ; with triple bound ; 
 
 Whence all thing?, though remote, are view'd around 
 
 And thither bring their undulating sound. 
 
 The palace of loud Fame, her seat of pow'r, 
 
 Plac'd on the summit of a lofty tow'r. 
 
 A thousand winding entries, long and wide 
 
 Receive of fresh reports a flowing tide ; 
 
 A thousand crannies in the walls are made ; 
 
 Nor gate nor bars exclude the busy trade. 
 
 'T is built of brass, the better to diffuse 
 
 The spreading sounds, and multiply the news; 
 
 Where echoes in repeated echoes play : 
 
 A mart for ever full ; aud open night and day. 
 
 Nor silence is within, nor voice express. 
 
 But a deaf noise of sounds that never cease : 
 
 Confus'd and chiding, like the hollow roar 
 
 Of tides receding from th' insulted shore ; 
 
 Or Uke the broken thunder, heard from far, 
 
 W'hen Jove to distance drives the rolling war. 
 
 The courts are fill'd with a tumultuous din 
 
 Of crowds, or issuing forth, or ent'ring in : 
 
 A thorough-fare of news ; where some devise 
 
 Things never heard, some mingle truth with hes : 
 
 The troubled air with empty sounds they beat, 
 
 Intent to hear, and eager to repeat. Dryden. 
 
 lu these measures the accents are to be placed on even syllables ; and everj 
 line considered by itself is more harmonious as this rule is more strictly ob- 
 served. The variations necessary to pleasure belong to the art of poetry, 
 not to the rules of grammar. 
 
 Our trochaick measures are 
 
 Of three syllables, 
 
 Of five. 
 
 Here we may 
 Think and pray. 
 Before death 
 Stops our breath : 
 Other joys 
 Are but toys. 
 
 In the days of old. 
 Stories plainly told. 
 Lovers felt annoy. 
 
 Of seven. 
 
 Fairest piece of well-form'd earth, 
 Urge not thus your haughty birth. 
 
 Walton's Angler, 
 
 Old Ballad. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 In these measures the accent is to be placed on the odd 
 syllables. 
 
 These are the measures which are now in use, and abore the rest those of 
 seven, eight, and ten syllables. Our ancient poets wrote verses soraetimet 
 of twelve syllables, as Drayton's Polyalbion, ' 
 
 Of all the Cambrian shires tlieir heads that bear so high, 
 And farth'st survey their soils with an ambitious eye, 
 IVIervinia for her hills, as for their matchless crowds. 
 The nearest that are said to kiss the wand'ring clouds. 
 Especial audience craves, offended with the throng, 
 That she of all the rest neglected was so long ; 
 Alleging for herself, when through the Saion's pride 
 The godlike race of Brute to Severn's setting side 
 Were cruelly enforc'd, her mountains did relieve 
 Those whom devouring war else every where did grieve. 
 And when all Wales beside (by fortune or by mignt) 
 Unto her ancient foe resign'd her ancient riglit, 
 A constant maiden still she only did remain, 
 Tiie last her genuine laws which stoutly did retain. 
 And as each one is prais'd for her peculiar things. 
 So t.nly she is rich in mountains, meres, and springs ; 
 And holds herself as great in her superl^uous waste. 
 As others by their towns and fruitful tillage grac'd. 
 
 And of fourteen, as Chapman's Homer 
 
 And as the mind of such a man, that hath along way gone, 
 And either knoweth not his way, or else would let alone 
 His purpos'd journey, is distract. 
 
 Tlje measures of twelve and fourteen syllables were often mingled by 
 our old poets, sometimes in alternate lines, aud sometimes in alternate cou- 
 plets. 
 
 The verse of twelve syllables, called an AUxandnne, is now only used to di- 
 versify heroick liues, 
 
 Waller was smooth, but Dryden taught to join ") 
 
 The varied verse, the full-resounding line, > 
 
 The Uing majestick march, and energy divine. j 
 
 The pause in the Alexandrine must be at the sixth syllable. 
 
 The verse of fourteen syllables is now broken into a soft lyrick meastire, of 
 verses consisting alternately of eight syllables and sii. 
 
 She, to receive thy radiant name. 
 Selects a whiter space. 
 
 "When all shall praise, and ev'ry lay 
 
 Devote a wreath to thee, 
 That day, for come it will, that day 
 
 Shall I lament to see. 
 
 Beneath this tomb an infant lies. 
 
 To earth whose body lent. 
 Hereafter shall more glorious rise. 
 
 But not more innocent* 
 When the archangel's trump shall blow. 
 
 And souls to bodies join, 
 What crowfls sliall wish their lives below 
 
 Had been as short as thine ! 
 
 Fentm. 
 
 LtmitoPopt. 
 
 Wetlcf/. 
 
 We have another measure, very quick and livtly, and therefore much used 
 in songs, which may be called the anapestick, in which the accent rests upon 
 every third syllable, 
 
 May I govern my passions with absolute swfiy. 
 And grow wiser and better as life wears aw^y. 
 
 Dr. Fope. 
 
 In tVis measure a syllable is often retrenched from the 6rst foot, as 
 
 Di6genes surly and proud. Dr. l\>pe. 
 
 When present weluve, and when Absent agrfie, 
 
 1 think not of Iris, nor Iris of m6. Vryien, 
 
 These measures are varied by many combinations, and sometimes by dou- 
 ble-endings, either with or without rh^-ine, as, in ihe heroick measure 
 
 'T is the divinity that stirs within us ; 
 
 'T is Heaven itself points out an hereafteTf 
 
 And intimates eternity to man. 
 
 So in that of eight syllables. 
 
 They neither added nor confounded, 
 They neither wanted nor abounded. 
 
 Addiim. 
 
 Pritr. 
 50
 
 A GRAMMAR OF THE 
 
 In that of seven. 
 
 I To these measures, and their laws, may be reduced every species of Elnglish 
 
 for resistance I could fear none. 
 But with twenty ships had done 
 
 What thou, brave and happy Vernon, 
 Hast atchiev'd with six alone. / ■ ■ 
 
 In that of six. 
 
 *T was when the seas were roaring, 
 With hollow blasts of wind, 
 
 A damsel lay deploring. 
 All on a rock reclin'd. 
 
 Clever, 
 
 Cay. 
 
 In tlie anapestick, 
 
 When terrible tempests assail us, 
 And mountainous billows aflfright. 
 
 Nor power nor wealth can avail us, 
 But skilful industry steers right. 
 
 Ballad. ' 
 
 Our versification admits of few licences, except a synal- 
 apha, or elision of e in the before a vowel, as th' eternal; 
 and more rarely of o in to, as t' accept ; and a si/naresis, by 
 which two short vowels coalesce into one syllable, as question, 
 special ; or a word is contracted by the expulsion of a short 
 vowel before a liquid, as av'rice, temp'rancc. 
 
 Thus have I collected rules and examples by which the English language 
 may be learned, if the reader be already acquainted with gramraatical terms, 
 or taught by a master to tlio^^e that are more ignorant. To have written a 
 
 : grammar for sucli as are not yet initiated in the schools, would have been te- 
 
 I aious, and perhaps at last ireffectual. 
 
 60
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 A THE first letter of the Curopean 
 
 -^9 alphabets, has, in the English lan- 
 guage, three different sounds; which 
 may be termed the broad, open, and 
 slender. 
 
 The broad sound, resembling that of 
 the German a, is found in many of our 
 monosj'llables, as all, iiall, mall, salt ; in 
 ■which a is pronounced as au in cause, or 
 aw in latv. Many of these words were 
 anciently written with ait, as fault, 
 naulk; wliich happens to be still re- 
 tained in fault. Tills was probablj' the 
 ancient sound of the Saxons, since it is 
 almost uniformly preserved in the rustic 
 pronunciation and the northern dialects, 
 as maim for man, haund for hand. 
 
 A open, not unlike the a of the Italians, is 
 found in father, rather, and more ob- 
 scurely hi fancy, fast _ &c. 
 
 A, slender, or close, is the peculiar a of 
 tiie English lai^guage, resembling the 
 sound of the French e masculine, or diph. 
 thong (7j in ^w?.9/ or perJiaps a middle 
 soimd between them, or between the a 
 and e : to this the Arabic a is said nearly 
 to approach. Of this sound we have 
 examples in the words place, face, waste; 
 and all those that terminate in alion, as 
 relation, nation, generation. 
 
 A is short, as glass, grass; or long, as 
 glaze, graze : it is marked long, gene- 
 rally by an e final, plane ; or by an i 
 added, as plain. The short a is open, 
 the long a close. 
 
 1. A, an article set before nouns of the 
 singular number; a man, a tree, de- 
 noting the number one; as a man is 
 coming, that is, Jio more than one ; or an 
 indefinite indication, as a man may 
 come this way, that is, amj man. This 
 article has no plural signification. Be- 
 fore a word beginning with a vowel, it 
 19 written an ; as, an ox, an egg, of which 
 a is the contraction. 
 Vol. I, 
 
 2. A, taken materially, or for itself, is a 
 
 noun ; as, a great A, a little a. 
 5. A is placed before a participle, or par- 
 ticipial noun ; and is considered by 
 A^'allis as a contradiction of at, when it 
 is put before a word denoting some 
 action not jet finished ; as, I am a 
 w-alkinj. It also seems to be ancientl}' 
 contracted from at, when placed before 
 local surnames ; as, Thomas a Becket. 
 In other cases, it seems to signify to, hke 
 the French a. 
 
 A hunting Chloc \vent. Priot: 
 
 They go a begging to a bankrupt's door. 
 
 Dniden. 
 
 May peace still slumber bv these purling foun- 
 'tains! 
 Which we may every J'ear 
 Find, when we come a fishing here. ]Votton 
 
 Now tlie men fell a rubbing of armour, which a 
 great while had lain oiled. Wottm. 
 
 He will knap the spears a pieces with his teeth. 
 Mores Antid. Athm. 
 
 Another falls a ringing a Pescennius Niger, and 
 judiciously distinguishes the sound of it to be 
 modern. Addison on Medals. 
 
 4;. A has a peculiar signification, denoting 
 the proportion of one tiling to another, 
 Thus we say, The landlord hath a hun- 
 dred a year; The ship's crew gained a 
 thousand pounds a man. 
 
 The river Inn passes through a wide open coun- 
 try, during all its course through Bavana ; which 
 is*a voyage of two days, after the rate of twenty 
 leagues a day. Addison on Italy. 
 
 5. A is used in burlesque poetry, to 
 lengthen out a syllable, without adding 
 to the sense. 
 
 For cloves and nutmegs to the line-a 
 And even for oranges to China. Dritdcn. 
 
 6. A is sometimes, in familiar writings, 
 put by a barbarous corruption for he; 
 as, will a come, for will he come. 
 
 7. A, in composition, seems to have some- 
 times the power of tlie Frencli a in these 
 phrases, a droit, a gauche, &c. and some- 
 times to be contracted from at; as, aside, 
 aslope, afoot, asleep, athirst, aware. 
 
 I gin to be a ucury of the sun ; 
 And wish the state of tb" world were now undoue. 
 Shakespeare i Macbeth. 
 
 ABA 
 
 And now a breeze from shore began to blow, 
 Tlie sailors ship their oars, and cease to row ; 
 Then hoist their yards a-frtp, and all their sails 
 Let fall, to court "tlie wind, and catch the gales. 
 
 Uryden's Ceui and Alcyone. 
 
 A little house with trees a row. 
 And like its master very low. Pope, Hor. 
 
 8. A is sometimes redundant ; as, arise, 
 arouse, awa/ce ; the same with rise, rouse, 
 wake. 
 
 9- A, in abbreviation, stands for artium, 
 or arts; as, A. B. bachelor of arts, ar- 
 tium baccalaureus ; A. M. master of arts, 
 artium magister; or, anno; as, A. D. 
 anno domini. 
 
 AB, at the beginning of the names of 
 places, generally shews that they have 
 some relation to an abbey, as Abingdon. 
 
 Gibson. 
 
 Aba'cke. adv. [from back.] Backwards. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 But wlien they came where thou thy skill didst 
 show. 
 They drew abache, as half with shame confound. 
 
 Spens. Past, 
 
 ABACTOR, n. s. [Latin.] One who 
 drives away or steals cattle in herds, or 
 great numbers at once; in distinction 
 from tliose that steal only a sheep or two. 
 
 Blount. 
 
 ABACUS, n. s. [Latin.] 
 
 1. A counting-table, ancientl}' used in 
 calculations. 
 
 2. [In architecture] The uppermost mem- 
 ber of a column, which serves as a sort 
 of crowning both to the capital and co- 
 limin. Diet. 
 
 Aba'ft. adv. [of abajrcan. Sax. behind.] 
 From the fore part of the ship, ton-ards 
 the stem. Diet, 
 
 .•Vbai'sance. n.s. [from the French abai- 
 ser, to depress, to bring down.] An act 
 of reverence, a bow. Obeysance is con- 
 sidered by Skinner as a corruption of 
 abaisance, but is now universally usecL 
 B 1
 
 ABA 
 
 To ABALIENATE. v. a. [from abaUeno, 
 Lat.] To make that anotlier's, wliich 
 was oiir own before. A term of the 
 civil law, not much used in common 
 speech. 
 
 Abaliena'tion. n. s. [Lat. abalienatio.] 
 The act of giving up one's right to ano- 
 ther person ; or a making over an estate, 
 ffoods, or chattels by sale, or due course 
 of law. Did. 
 
 To Aba'nd. v. a. [A word contracted from 
 abandon, but not now in use. See 
 Abandon.] To forsake. 
 
 They stronger are 
 Tliati they which sought at first their helping 
 
 hand, 
 And Vortiger enforced the kingdom to ahnitd. 
 
 Spenser s Fairii Queen, h. ii. cant. 10. 
 To ABA'NDON. v.a.'[Yr. abawlonner 
 Derived, according to Menace, from the 
 Italian abandonare, which signifies to 
 forsake his colours; bandinn [vejri/liim} 
 deserere. P(uquier thinks it a coalition 
 of a ban donncr, to give up to a pro- 
 scription ; in which sense we, at this 
 day, mention the ban of the empire. 
 Ban, in our own old diaiect, signifies a 
 curse; and to abandon, if considered 
 as compounded between French and 
 Saxon, is exactly equivalent to diris 
 dcvovere.^ 
 
 1. To give up, resign, or quit ; often fol- 
 lowed by the particle to. 
 
 If she be so abandon d to her sorrow. 
 As it is spoke, slie never will admit me. 
 
 Shala-sp. Tmlfih Night. 
 
 Tlie passive gods behold the Greeks defile 
 llieir temples, and abandon to the spoil 
 Their own abodes ; we, feeble few, conspire 
 To save a sinking town, involv'd in fire. 
 
 Driid. .^neid. 
 
 AVho is be so abandoned to sottish credulity, as 
 to think, that a clod of eartil in a sack, may ever, 
 by eternal shaking, receive the fabric oilman's 
 body ? Bentleit^s Sermons. 
 
 Alust he, whose altars on the Phrygian shore. 
 With frequent riles, and pure, avow d thy pow'r. 
 Be doom d the worst of human ills to prove, 
 Unblcss'd, ubandond to the wrath of Juvc? 
 
 Pojic's Orii/.iM'v, b. i. I. 80. 
 
 2. To desert; to forsake: in an ill sense. 
 
 The princes using the passions of fe;;ring evil, 
 and desiring to escape, only to ser\e the rule of 
 virtue, not to abandon one's self, lea;tt to a rib of 
 the ship. Sidney, b. ii. 
 
 Seeing the hurt stag alone. 
 Left and abandon d of his velvet friends, 
 'Tis right, quoth he ; thus misery doth part 
 The flux of company. Shake'sp. As yon like it. 
 
 What fate a wretched fugitive attends, 
 Scorn'd by iny foes, abandon d by my friends. 
 
 Driid. JEneid, 2. 
 
 But to the jiarting goddess thus she pray'd; 
 Propitious still be present to njy aid, 
 Nor quite abandon your onct-favour'd maid. 
 
 Dryd. Fab. 
 
 3. To forsake, to leave. 
 
 He boldly spake. Sir knight, if knight thou be. 
 Abandon this forcstall'd place at erst, 
 For fear of further harm, I counsel thee. 
 
 Spenser s Fairy Queen, b. ii. cant. 4 stanz. 39. 
 
 To Aba'ndon over. v. a. [a form of 
 writing not usual, perhaps not exact ] 
 To give up to, to resign. 
 
 Look on me as a man abandon d o'er 
 To an eternal lethargy of love ; 
 To pull, and pinch, and wound me, cannot cure. 
 Alia but disturb the quiet of my death. 
 
 Drrjd. Sp. Friar. 
 
 ABA 
 
 Aba'ndon ED. parlicip. adj. Corrupted 
 in the highest degree ; as, an abandoned 
 wretch. In this sense, it is a contrac- 
 tion of a longer form, abandoned [given 
 up] to wickedness. 
 
 Aba'ndoning. [A verbal noun from 
 abandon.^ Desertion, forsaking. 
 
 He hoped his past meritorious actions might 
 outweigh his present abandoning the thought of 
 future action. Clarend. b. viii. 
 
 ABA'NDONMENT.n.«.[aZia«rfo?i7icme7i/,Fr.] 
 
 1 . The act of abandoning. 
 
 2. The state of being abandoned. Diet. 
 Abanni'tion. n.s. [Lat. abawiitio'] A 
 
 banishment for one or two years, for 
 manslaughter. Obsolete. Diet. 
 
 To Aba'ee. v. a. [abapian Sax.] To make 
 bare, uncover, or disclose. Diet. 
 
 Abarticula'tion. 71. s. [from (iJ, from, 
 and ailiculus, a joint, Lat.] A good 
 and apt construction of the bones, by 
 which they move strongly and easily; 
 or that species of articulation that has 
 manifest motion. Diet. 
 
 To Abase, v a. [Fr. ahaisser, from the 
 Lat. basis, or bassus, a barbarous word, 
 signifying low, base.] 
 
 1. To depress, to lower. 
 
 It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with 
 whom you speak with your eye ; 3'et with a de- 
 nmre abasitig of it sometimes. Bacon. 
 
 2. To cast down, to depress, to bring low, 
 in a figurative and personal sense, which 
 is the common use. 
 
 Happy shepherd, to the gods be thankful, that 
 
 to tliy advancement their wisdoms have thee 
 
 abased.. Sidney, b. i. 
 
 Behold every one that is proud, and abaiie him. 
 
 Job.xl 11. 
 With unresisted might the monarch reigns ; 
 He levels mountains, and he raises plains ; 
 And, not regarding dilf'reiice of degree, 
 Aba.^\l your daugliter and exalted me. Dryd. Fa. 
 If the mind be curbed and humbled ttto much 
 in children ; if their spirits be (djased and broken 
 much by too strict an hand over them ; they lose 
 all their vigour and industry. Locke on Edu. $. -lO. 
 Aba'sed. adj. [with heralds] a terra used 
 of the wings of eagles, when the top 
 looks downwards toward the point of 
 the shield ; or when the wings are shut ; 
 the natural way of bearing them being 
 spread with the top pointing to the cliief 
 of the angle. Bailny. Chambers 
 
 Aba'sement. n.s. The state of being 
 brcfught low ; the act of bringing low ; 
 depj'ession. 
 
 There is an abasement because of glory ; and 
 
 there is that lifteth up his head from a low estate. 
 
 Fcclesia.^icus, xx. 11. 
 
 To Aba's H. v. a. [See Bashful. Per- 
 haps from abaisscr, French.] 
 U To put into confusion; to make 
 ashamed. It generally implies a sud- 
 den impression of shame. 
 They heard, and were abash'd. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost, b. i. I. 331. 
 This heard th' imperious queen sat mute with 
 fear; 
 Nor further durst incense the gloomy tiiunderer. 
 Silence was in the court at this rebuke ; 
 Nor could the gods, abash'd, sustain their sove- 
 reign's look. Vrydcn's Fublet. 
 2. The passive admits the particles at, 
 sometimes of, before the casual noun. 
 
 ABA 
 
 In no wise speak agaiitst the truth, but be 
 abashed of the orrtir cf th^ ignorance. Eccles. iT.2,">. 
 
 I said untt) her, froin whence is this kid ? Is it 
 not stolen ? But she repliud upon mc, it was giveu 
 for a gift, more than the wages : however, I did not 
 believe her, and I was abashed at her. Tub. ii. 13,14. 
 
 In the admiration only of weak minds 
 Ijcd captive; cease t" admire, and all her plumes 
 Fall flat, and sink into a trivial toy, 
 At every sudden slimhtin" quite abasht. 
 
 Milton s PuTadise Lost, b. ii. /. 225. 
 
 The little Cupids hov'ring round, 
 (As pictures i)rove) with garlands crown'd, 
 yl/wsli'd at what they saw and heard, 
 Flew off, nor ever more api)car'd. Smft^s Miscell, 
 
 To ABATE, r. a. [from the French abat^ 
 trCy to beat down.] 
 
 1. To lessen, to diminish. 
 
 Who can tell w hcther the divine wisdom, toaftate 
 the glory of those kin^s, did not reserve this work 
 to be dune by a queen ; that it miclit appear to be 
 his own immediate work ? Sir J. Daoies on Irel. 
 
 If you did know to wliom I gave the ring, 
 And how nnwillinsly I left the ring, 
 You \vould abate the strength of your displeasure. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Here we see the hopes of great benefti and light 
 from expositors rmd commentators, arc in a great 
 part abated; and those who have most need of 
 their help, can receive but little from them. 
 
 Locke's Kssau on St. PauCs Epistles. 
 
 2. To deject, or depress the mind, 
 
 Tliis iron world 
 Brings down the stoutest hearts to lowest state ; 
 For misery doth bravest minds abate. 
 
 Spctis. Hubberd's 7'ale. 
 Have the power still 
 To banish your defenders, till at length 
 Your ignorance deliver you. 
 As most abated captives to some nation 
 Tiiat won you without blows ? Shakesp. Ci/riol. 
 Time that changes all, yet changes us in vam j 
 The body, not the mind ; nor can controul 
 T)i' immortal rigour, or abate the soul. 
 
 D>yd. jEneid^ 
 
 3. In commerce, to let down the price in 
 selling, sometimes to beat down the 
 price in buying. 
 
 To Aba'te. v. n. 
 
 1. To grow less; as, his passion a frafe*; 
 the storm abates. It is used sometimes 
 with the particle of before the thing 
 lessened. 
 
 Our physicians have observed, that i(i process 
 of time, some diseases have oi^ated ()/" their viru- 
 lence, and have, in a maiiner worn out tlieir raalfg- 
 uity, so as to be no longer mortal. 
 
 Dfifdcns Hind and Panther, 
 
 2. [In common law.] 
 
 It is in law used b'jlh actively and neuterly ; as, 
 to abate a castle, to beat it down; to abate a writ, 
 is, by some excej»tion, to defeat or overthrow it. 
 A stranger ahateth ; that is, entcreth upon a house 
 or land void by the death of him that last j)ossesscd 
 it, before the heir take his possession ; andsokee|)- 
 eth him out. Wherefore, as he that puttelh out 
 him in possession, is said to disseise ; so he that 
 steppeth in between the former possessor and his 
 heir, is said to abate. In the neuter signification, 
 tlius: The writ of the demandant shall abate; 
 that is, shall be disabled, frustrated, or over- 
 thrown. The appeal ahateth by covin; that is, 
 that the accusation is defeated by deceit. CowcU. 
 
 3. [In horsemanship.] A horse is said to 
 abate or take down his curvets ; when, 
 working upon curvets, he puts his t"\vo 
 hind legs to the ground both at once, 
 and observes the same exactness in all 
 the times. DicL 
 
 Aba'tement. n. s, [abatement^ Fr.] 
 il. The act of abating or lessening. 
 
 Xenophon tells us, that the city contained about 
 ten thousand houses j and allowing one man to
 
 ABB 
 
 every house, who could have any share in the go- 
 »ernment (the rest consislhig of women, chiliiren, 
 «nd servants), and making other obvious abate- 
 mettts, these tyrants, if tliey had been careful to 
 adiierc togetlier, niiglit have been a majority even 
 of the people collective. 
 
 Swift OH the Contests of Athens and Rdine. 
 2. The state of being abated. 
 
 Coffee has, in comniou with ail nuts, an oil 
 strongly combined and entangled with earthy 
 particles. The most noxious part of the oil ex- 
 hales in roasting, to the abatement of near one 
 quarter of its weight. Arbnthnot on Ailments. 
 
 S. The sum or quantity taken away by 
 the act of abating. 
 
 The law of works is that law, which requires 
 perfect obedience, witiiout remission or oirttemcfit ,• 
 so that, by that law, a man cannot be just, or 
 justilied, without an exact performance o*f every 
 tittle. _ _ Locke. 
 
 4. The cause of abating; extenuation. 
 As our advantages towards practisini^and pro- 
 muting piety and virtue were greater than those 
 of other men ; so will our excuse be less, if we 
 neglect to nialie use of them. AVe cannot jilead in 
 abatement of our guilt, that we were ignorant of our 
 duty, under the prepossession of ill habits, and the 
 bias of a wrong education. Atterbtirif's Sermons. 
 
 5. [In law.] The act of the abator; as, the 
 ahalcment of the lieir into the land before 
 lie hath agreed witli the lord. The af- 
 fection or passion of the thing abated ; 
 as, abalemenl of the writ Cowcll. 
 
 6. [With heralds.] An accidental mark, 
 which being added to a coat of arms, the 
 dignity of it is abased, by reason of some 
 stain or dishonourable quality of the 
 bearer. Diet. 
 
 Abater, n. s. The agent or cause by 
 wliich an abatement is procured; tliat 
 by which any thing is lessened. 
 
 Abaters of acrimony or sharpness, are expressed 
 
 oils of ripe vegetables, and all preiiarations of 
 
 such ; as of almonds, pistacliioes, ancl other nuts. 
 
 ArbntluuH i>n Diet. 
 
 Aba'tor, n. s. [a law term] One who in- 
 trudes into houses or land, void by the 
 death of the former possessor, and 3'et 
 not entered upon or taken up by his 
 heir. Diet. 
 
 A'batude, n.s. [old records.] Any thing 
 diminished. Bailey. 
 
 A'bature. n.s. [from ahalre, French.] 
 Those sprigs of grass which are throw;i 
 down by a stag in his passing by. Diet. 
 
 Abb. n. s. The yarn on a weaver 's warp; 
 a term among clothiers. Cliamhers. 
 
 ABBA. n. s. [Heb. as] A Syriac word, 
 which signifies /«//)cr. 
 
 A'BBACY. n. s. [L^X,.abbiitia.\ The rights 
 or privileges of an abbot. See Abbey 
 
 Accordin". to Felinus, an a6/>at'v is the dignity 
 itself, since -in abbot is a term or Cvord of dignity, 
 and not of olfice ; and, therefore, even a seculur 
 person, w ho has the care of soids, is sometimes, in 
 the canon law, also stiled an abbot. 
 
 Ayli^'e^s Parergon Juris Cajumici. 
 
 A'bbess. n. s. [Lat. ahbatissu, from 
 whence the Saxon abuj5i)-j-e, then pro- 
 bably abbate.!.!, and by contraction ab- 
 hcsse in Fr. and abbess, Eng.] The su- 
 periour or governess of u nunnery or 
 monastery of women. 
 
 They fled 
 Into this abbey, whither we pursued them ; 
 And here the abbess shuts the gate on us, 
 And will not sutler us to fetch^ him out. 
 
 Shakes, Cam. vfEiTors, 
 
 ABB 
 
 1 have a sister, ahben in Tcrceras, 
 \Vlio lost her lover on her bridal day. 
 
 UryJ. D. Sibast 
 Constantia, as soon as the solemnities of her re- 
 ception were over, retired with the abbess into her 
 own apartment. Adiii.^e 
 
 A'bbey, or Abby. n. s. [Lat. abbalia; 
 from whence probably first Abbacy; 
 which see.] A monastery of religious 
 persons, whether men or women ; dis 
 tinguished from religions houses of 
 other denominations by larger privi- 
 leges, bee Abbot. 
 
 \\'itli easy roads he came to Leicester ; 
 Lodg'd in tlie abbcti, where the reverend abbot, 
 With jjl his convent, lionourably received htm. 
 
 Shakes. 
 
 A'bbey-lubber. n. s. [See Lubber.] 
 A slothfid loiterer in a religious house, 
 under pretence of retirement and aus 
 terity. 
 
 This is no Father Dominic, no huge ovcrgro\\ n 
 abbey-lubber ; this is but a dimin\itive sucking 
 friar. Dritd. .Sp. fr. 
 
 A'BBOT. n. s. [in the lower Latin abbas, 
 from a^^, father, which sense was still 
 implied ; so that the abbots were called 
 patrcs, and abbesses mattes numaslerii. 
 Thus Fortunatus to the abbot Paternus: 
 Nominis ojjiciam jure, Paterne, geris^ 
 The chief of a convent, or fellowship of 
 canons. Of these, some in England 
 were mitred, some not: those that were 
 mitred, were exempted from the juris- 
 diction of the diocesan, having in tliem 
 selves episcopal authority within their 
 precincts, and being also lords of parlia- 
 ment. The other sort were subject to 
 tlie diocesan in all spiritual government. 
 
 Coivell. 
 See Abbey. 
 
 A'bbotship. n. s. The state or privilege 
 of an abbot. Diet. 
 
 To ABBREVTATE. v.a. [Lat. abbrcviare.] 
 
 1. To shorten by contraction of parts, 
 without loss of the main substance ; to 
 abridge. 
 
 It is one thing to abbrtviate by contracting, an- 
 other by cutting off. Bacon, Essay '26. 
 The only invention of late years, which liath 
 contributed towards politeness in discourse, is 
 that of abbreviating or reduciiig w ords of many sx'i- 
 lables into one, by lopping oti' the rest. Sa'ift. 
 
 a. To shorten; to cut short. 
 
 Set the length of their days before the flood ; 
 which wee abbreviated after, and contracted into 
 hundreds and threescores. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 6. 
 
 .VnnREviATioN. 71. s. 
 
 1 . Tlie act of abbreviating. 
 
 2. The means used to abbreviate, as cha- 
 racters signifying whole words; words 
 contracted. 
 
 Svich is the propriety and energy in them all, 
 that they never can be changed. Gut to disadvan- 
 tage, except in the circumstance of using abln-evi- 
 ations. ' Su-ijt. 
 
 Abbrevia'tor. II. s. [abbreviatciir, Fr.] 
 
 One who abbreviates or abridges. 
 .\bbRE'vi ATURE. U.S. [abbrevialiira , Lat.'] 
 1. A mark used for the sake of shortening. 
 -. A compendium or abridgment. 
 
 He is a good man, who grieves rather for hiiu 
 that injures him, than for his own sutVering ; \\ ho 
 prays for him tliat wrongs him, forgiving all bis 
 taults; wh sooner shews mercy than anger; who 
 
 A B D 
 
 offers violence to his appetite, in all things endea- 
 vouring to subdue the flesh to the spirit. This it 
 an excellent abbreviature of the whole duly of a 
 Christian. Taitlor's Guide to Deutian 
 
 ABBREUVOTR. [in French, a watering- 
 place. Ital. abbeveralo, dal verbo bcvere. 
 1-at. bihcre, Abbevcrari i cavalli. This 
 word is derived by Menage, not much 
 acquainted with tlie Teutonic dialects, 
 from adbibarc for atlbibere ; but more 
 probably it comes from the same root 
 with brew. See Brew.] Amongmasons, 
 the joint or juncture of two stones, or 
 the interstice between two stones to be 
 filled up with mortar. Diet. 
 
 A'bby. See Abbey. 
 
 A, B, C. 
 
 1. The alphabet: as, he has not leametl 
 his a, b, c. 
 
 2. The little book by which the elements 
 of reading are taught. 
 
 Then comes question like an a, b, c, book. 
 
 Shakespeart. 
 
 ToABDICVTE. J', fl. [Lat. flir/ico.] To 
 give up right ; to resign ; to lay down 
 an office. 
 
 Old Saturn, here, -with upcast eves. 
 Beheld his abdicattd skies. " Addison. 
 
 Abdica'tion. n.s. [abdieatio, Lat.] The 
 act of abdicating ; resignation ; quitting 
 an office by one's own projier act before 
 the usual or stated expiration. 
 
 Neitlierdoth it appear how a |]rincc's uMica/ien 
 can make any otl'.er sort of vacancy in the llirone, 
 than wiiiild lie caused by his death ; since he can- 
 not abdicate for his children, otherwise than bv his 
 own consent in form to a bill from the t«o houses. 
 Swift on the Sentiments o/a Church of England Man. 
 
 A'edicative. adj. Tliat causes or im- 
 plies an abdication. Diet. 
 
 A'BDICATIVE. adj. [from abdo, to Jiide.] 
 That which has the power or qualitj- of 
 hiding. Diet. 
 
 ABDO'.MEN, n. s. [Lat from abtio, to 
 hide.] A cavity commonly allied the 
 lower venter or belly : it contains the 
 stomach, guts, liver, spleen, bladder, and 
 is within lined witli a membrane called 
 the peritonanim. The lower part is 
 called tlie hj-]iogastriuni; the foremost 
 p.art is divided into the epigastrium, the 
 right and left hypochomlria, and tile 
 navel; 'tis bounded abo\e by tlie carti- 
 lage ensiformis and the diaphragm, side^ 
 waj's by the short or lower ribs, and be- 
 hind by tlie ^ertebra^ of the loins, the 
 bones of the coxendix, that of the pnbcs, 
 and OS sacrum. It is covered with se- 
 veral muscles, from Avhose alternate re- 
 laxations and contractions, in respira- 
 tion, digestion is forwarded, and tlie due 
 motion of all the parts therein contained 
 promoted, both for secretion and expid- 
 sion. Qiiincy. 
 
 The abdomen consists of parts containing and 
 contained. iri.<enwn'j Surgery. 
 
 Abdojiinal. \adj. Relating to the' ab- 
 
 Abdominous. j domen. 
 
 To ABDUCE. V. a. [Lat. abdiico.] To 
 draw to a different part; to withdraw 
 one part from another: A word chiefly 
 used in physic or science.
 
 ABE 
 
 If we abduce the cjc unto either comer, the ob- 
 ject will not duplicate ; for, in that position, the 
 axis of tht. cones remain in the same plain, as is 
 demonstrated in the optics delivered by Galen. 
 Brou^lS Vulgar En-ours, b. iii. c. 20. 
 
 Abdu'cent adj. Muscles abducent are 
 those which serve to open or pull back 
 clivers parts of tlie body ; their oppo- 
 sites being called adducent. Jjict. 
 
 Abduc'tion. n. s. [abductio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The art of di-awing apart, or with- 
 drawing one part from another. 
 
 2. A particular form of argument. 
 ABDUCTOR, n. s. [abductor, Lat.] 
 
 The name given by anatomists to the 
 muscles, which serve to draw back the 
 several members. 
 
 He supposed the constrictors of the eyelids must 
 be strengthened in tlie supercilious ; tlie abductors 
 in drunkards, and contemplative men, who have 
 the same steady and grave motion of the eye. 
 
 Arbutllnot and Pope's Martiniis Scnlikrus. 
 
 Abeceda'rian. n.s. [from the names 
 of a, b, c, the three first letters of the 
 alphabet.] He that teaches or learns the 
 alphabet, or first rudiments of literature. 
 This word is used by Wood in his 
 Athence Oxonicnses, where mentioning 
 Farnaby the critic, he relates, ihat, in 
 some part of his life, he was reduced to 
 follow the trade of an abecedarian by 
 his misfortunes. 
 
 A'becedary. adj. [See Abecedarian.] 
 
 ■■ . Belonging to the alphabet. 
 
 2. Inscribed with the alphabet. 
 
 This is pretended from the sympathy of two 
 needles touched \vith the loadstone, and placed in 
 the centre of two abecedary circles, or rings of let- 
 ters, described round about them, one friend keep- 
 ing one, and another the other, and agreeing upon 
 an hour wherein they will conmuinicate. 
 
 BroKiis Vulgar ErrourSy b. ii. c. 3. 
 
 Abe'd. adv. [from a, for at, and bed.] 
 In bed. 
 
 It was a shame for them to mar their complex- 
 ions, yea and conditions too, with ionc ly ing abed : 
 whcn'she was of their age, she would Have made 
 a handkerchief by that time o'day. Sydney, h. ii. 
 
 She has not been abed, but in her chapel 
 All night devoutly watch'd. Dryd. Span. Friar. 
 
 Abe'rrance. \ n. s. [from uberro, Lat.] 
 Abe'rrancy. S to wander from the right 
 way. A deviation from the right way ; 
 an errour; a mistake; a false opinion. 
 
 They do not only swarm with errours, but %ices 
 depending thereon. Thus they commonly affect 
 no man any farther than he deserts his reason, or 
 complies witli their aberrancies. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 3. 
 Could a man be composed to such an advantage 
 of constitution, that it should not at all adulterate 
 the inia<;es of his mind ; yet this second nature 
 would alter the crasis of liis understanding, and 
 render it as obnoxious to aberranccs, as now. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis Scientijica, c. 16. 
 Abe'rrant. adj. [from abcrrans, Lat.] 
 Deviating, wandering from the right 
 or known way. Diet. 
 
 Aberra'tion. n. s. [from aberralio, 
 Lat.] The act of deviating from the 
 common or from the right track. 
 
 If it be a mistake, there is no heresy in such an 
 harmless aberration ; tlie probability of it will ren- 
 der it a lapse of easy pardon. 
 
 GUmvittes Scepsis Scientifica, c. 11. 
 Abe'rring. part, [from the verb aberr. 
 
 A B H 
 
 of aherro, Lat.] Wandering, going 
 astray. 
 
 Of the verb abej-r I have found no 
 example. 
 
 Divers were out m tlieir account, ahcrring seve- 
 ral ways from tlie true and just compute, and call- 
 ing that one \ear, which perhaps might he another. 
 Brou-ns Vulgar Errours, b.iv.c.VJ. 
 
 To Aberu'ncate. v. «. [avcrunco, Lat.] 
 To pull up by the roots ; to extii-pate 
 utterly. Diet. 
 
 To ABE'T. r. a. [from beran. Sax. signi- 
 fying to enkindle or animate.] To 
 push forward another, to support him in 
 his designs, by connivance, encourage- 
 ment, or help. It was once intUfferent, 
 but is almost always taken by modern 
 ■writers in an ill sense; as may be seen 
 in Abetter, 
 
 To abet signifielh, in our common law, as much 
 as to encourage or set on. Cowell. 
 
 Then shall 1 soon, quoth he, return again, 
 y-bet that virgin's cause disconsolate, 
 And shortly Dack return. Fairy Queen, b. i. 
 
 A widow who by solemn vows 
 Contracted to me, for my spouse, 
 Combin'd witli him to break her word, 
 And has abetted all. Hudihras, p. iii. cant. 3. 
 
 Men lay so great weight upon right opinions, 
 and eagerness n{ abetting tliem, that they account 
 that tlie unum necessanuni. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Thev abetted both parties in the civil war, and 
 
 always furnished supplies to the weaker side, lest 
 
 there should be an end put to these fatal divisions. 
 
 Addison. Freeholder, No. 28. 
 
 Abe'tment. n, s. The act of abetting. 
 
 Diet, 
 
 Abe^ttek, or Abe'ttor. n. s. He that 
 abets ; the supporter or encourager of 
 another. 
 
 Whilst calunniy has two such potent abettors, 
 we are not to wonder at its growth: as long as 
 men are malicious and designing, they wjirbe 
 traducirig. Govern, of the Tongue. 
 
 You sifiall be still plain Torrismond with inc, 
 Th' abettor, partner (if you like the name), 
 The husband of a tyrant, but no king ; 
 Till you deserve that title by your justice. 
 
 Drydens Spanish Friar. 
 
 These considerations, though they may have no 
 intiucnce on the multitude, ought to sink Into the 
 minds of those who are their abettors, and who, 
 if they escape punishment here, must know, that 
 these several mischiefs will be one day laid to 
 tlieir charge. Addlsim. FreeAoWer, No. .50. 
 
 Abey'ance. n. s. [from the French 
 ahoyeVj allatrare, to bark at.] This 
 word, in Littleton, cap. Discontinu- 
 ance, is thus used. The right of fee- 
 simple lieth in abeyance, when it is all 
 only in the remembrance, intendment 
 and consideration of the law. The frank 
 tenement of the glebe of the parsonage, 
 is in no man during the time that the par- 
 sonage is void, but is in abeyance. Cowell. 
 
 Abgrega'tion, n.s. [abgregatio, Lai.] 
 A separation from the flock. Diet. 
 
 To ABHO'R, r. a. [abhorreo, Lat.] To 
 hate with acrimony ; to detest to ex- 
 tremity; to loath; to abominate. 
 
 Whilst I was big in clamour, came a man, 
 Who having seen me in my worser state, 
 Shunn'd ray abhorrd socie't3*. Shakes. K. Lear. 
 
 Justly thou abhorr'st 
 That son, who on the quiet state of man 
 Such trouble brought, atfecting to subdue 
 Rational Hberty. Milt. Parad. Lost, b. xii. I. 79. 
 
 A B I 
 
 The self-same thing they will abhor 
 One way, and long another for. Hudibr. p.\. cant.l. 
 
 A church of England man abhors the humour 
 of the age, in delighting to fling scandals upon tlie 
 clergy in general ; wliich, besides the disgrace to 
 the reformation, and to religion itself, cast an ig- 
 nominy upon the kingdom. Swiji. Ch. of Eng. 
 
 ABHO'RRENCE. 7 rr ill t 
 
 . „ . , > ?j. .?. rtrom abhorA 
 
 Abhorrency. J '^ -' 
 
 1. The act of abhorring, detestation. 
 
 It draws upon him the hatred and abhorrence of 
 all men liere ; and subjects him to the wrath of 
 God hereafter. South's Sermons. 
 
 2. The disposition to abhor, hatred. 
 Even a just and necessary defence does, by giv- 
 ing men acquaintance with war, take off some- 
 what from the abhorrence of it, and insensibly dis- 
 pose them to hostilities. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 The first tendency to any injustice that appears, 
 must be suppressed with a show of wonder and 
 abhon-ency in the parents and governours. 
 
 Locke on Education, § 110. 
 
 Abho'rrent. adj. [from abhor.] 
 
 1 . Struck with abhorrence ; loathing. 
 
 For if the worlds 
 In worlds inclosed could on his senses burst. 
 He would abhorrent turn. Thomson's Stim. I. 310. 
 
 2. Contrary to, foreign from, inconsistent 
 witli. It is used with the particles 
 
 from or to, but more properly with 
 Jrom. 
 
 Tliis I conceive to be an hypothesis, well worthy 
 a rational belief; and yet it is so abhorrtnt from 
 the vulgar, that they would as soon believe Aiiaxa- 
 goras, that snow is" black, as him that should af- 
 iirm it is not wliitc. Glaniille's Sccj-sis Scient. c. 12. 
 
 Why then these foreign thoughts of state em- 
 ployments. 
 Abhorrent to your function and your breeding? 
 Poor droning truants of unpractis'd cells. 
 Bred in the fellowship of bearded boys, 
 What wonder it; it if you know nut men? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Aeho'rrer. n, s. [from abhor.] The 
 person that abhors; a hater; detester. 
 
 The lower clerey were railed at, for disputing 
 the power of the bishops, by the known abhorrers 
 of episcop-icy, and abused for doing nothing in the 
 convocations, by these very men who wanted to 
 bind up their hands. 
 
 Swift. Examiner, No. 21. 
 
 Abho'rring. The object of abhoiTence, 
 This seems not to be the proper use of 
 the participial noun. 
 
 They shall go forth, and look upon the carcases 
 of the men that have transgressed against IVIc . 
 for their worm shall not die, neither shall their 
 fire be quenched, and they shall be an abhorring 
 unto all tiesh. 
 
 Isaiah, Ixvi. 44. 
 
 To ABI'DE. V. n, I abode or abid. [from 
 
 bi&ian, or aubibian, Sax.] 
 1, To dwell in a place; not remove; to 
 
 stay. 
 
 Thy servant became surety for the lad unto ray 
 father, sayiiic, if I bring him not unto thee, then 
 I shall bear i)\e blame to my father for ever. Now 
 therefore I pray tiiee, let tliy servant abide instead 
 of the lad, a 'bondman to my lord ; and let the 
 lad go up with his bretiuren. 
 
 Gen. xliv. 32,33. 
 9.. To dwell. 
 
 The Marquis Dorset, as I hear, is fled 
 To Riclunond, in the parts where be abides. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 Tliose who apply themselves to learning, are 
 forced to acknowledge one God, incorruptible and 
 unbegotten ; who is the only true being, and abides 
 for ever above the highest lieavens, from whence 
 He beholds all tlie things tliat are done in heiiveu 
 and earth. 
 
 Stiliiiigji. Defence of Disc. oaRom. Idolat.
 
 A B I 
 
 3. To remain; not cease or fail ; to be im- 
 movable. 
 
 Ttiey that trust in the Lord shall be as mount 
 Zion, which canaot be removed, but ahideth for 
 ever. Psalm cxxt. 1. 
 
 4. To continue in the same state. 
 
 Tlie fear of the Lord tcndcth to life ; and he 
 that hath it shall abide satisfied. Prov. xii. 23. 
 
 There cao be no study without time ; and the 
 mind must abide and dwell upon things, or be 
 always a stranger to the inside of tliem. South. 
 
 5. To endure without offence, anger, or 
 contradiction. 
 
 Who can abide, that, against their own doctors, 
 si,t whole books should by their fatherhjods be im- 
 periously obtruded upon God and liis church > 
 
 6. It is used with the particle with before 
 a person, and at or in before a place. 
 
 It is better that I give her to thee, than that I 
 should give her to another man : Abide ivith mo. 
 
 Gen. xiix. 19. 
 
 For thy servant vowed a vow, while I abode at 
 Gesliur in Svria, saving, if the Lord shall bring 
 me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve 
 tlie Lord. 2 Sam. xt. 8. 
 
 7. It is used with by before a thing ; as, to 
 abide hi/ his testimony ; to abide by his 
 own skill ; that is, to rely upon tliem ; to 
 abide by an opinion ; to maintain it ; to 
 abide by a man, is also, to defend or support 
 him. But these forms are something low. 
 
 Of the participle abid, I liave found 
 only the example in Woodward, and 
 should rather determine that abide in the 
 active sense has no passive participle, or 
 compounded preterite. 
 To .\bi'de. v. a. 
 
 1 . To wait for, expect, attend, wait upon, 
 await; used of things prepared for per- 
 sons, as well as of persons expecting 
 things. 
 
 Home is he brought, and laid in sumptuous bed. 
 Where many skilful leeches him abide. 
 To salve his hurts, fiiiri/ Queen, b. i. c. 5. rt. 17. 
 
 While lions war, and battle for their dens. 
 Poor harmless lambs abide their enmity. 
 
 Shakes. Hen. VI. p. 3. 
 
 Bonds and afHictions abide me. Acts, xx. 23. 
 
 2. To bear or support the consequences of 
 a thing. 
 
 Ah me ! they little know 
 How dearly I abide that boast so vain. 
 
 Mittons Par. Lost. 
 
 3. To bear or support, without being con- 
 quered or destroyed. 
 
 But the Lord he is the true God, he is the 
 livin" God, and an everlasting king : At his 
 wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall 
 not be able to abide his indignation. Jer. x. 10. 
 
 It must be allowed a fair presumption in favour 
 of the trulli of my doctrines, that they hare abid 
 a very rigorous test now for above thirty years, 
 and the more strictly they arc looked into, the 
 more they are confirmed. fVoodward, Letter i. 
 
 4. To bear without aversion ; in wliich 
 sense it is commonly used with a negative. 
 
 Thou canst not abide Tiridates ; tliis is but love 
 of thyself. Sidney, b. W. 
 
 Thy vile race, 
 Though thou didst learn, had that in't, which 
 
 good natures 
 Could not abide to be witli ; therefore wast thou 
 Deservedly confin'd unto tliis rock. 
 
 Shakes. Tempest. 
 
 5. To bear or suffer. 
 
 Girt with cu-cumfluous tides. 
 Ho itill calamitous constraint abides. 
 
 Popf's Odyss. b. iv I. 750. 
 
 A B J 
 
 Abi'der. n. s. [from abide.] The per- 
 son that abides or dwells in a place; 
 perhaps that lives or endures. A word 
 little in use. 
 Abi'ding. n. s. [from abide.} Continu- 
 ance ; stay ; fixed state. 
 
 We arc strangers before Thee and sojourners, 
 as were all our fathers : our days on the earth are 
 as a shadow, and there is none abiding. 
 
 1 Chron. xxix. 15. 
 The air in that region is so violently removed, 
 and carried about with such swiftness, as nothing 
 in that place can consist or have abiding. 
 
 Raleigh's History of the World. 
 
 A'BJECT. adj. [abjectus Lat.j thrown 
 away as of no value. 
 
 1 . Mean ; worthless ; base ; groveling : 
 spoken of persons, or their qualities. 
 
 RebelUon 
 Came like itself in base and abject routs, 
 Led on by bloody youth goaded with rage. 
 And couutenanc (1 by boys and beggarv. 
 
 'Shakespeare's "Henry TV. 
 I was at first, as other beasts tliat graze 
 The trodden herb, o( abject thoughts and low. 
 
 Milt. ParadiseLost, b. ix. I. 571. 
 
 Honest men, who tell their sovereigns what they 
 
 expect from them, and what obedience they shall 
 
 be always ready to pay them, are not upon an 
 
 equal foot with base and abject flatterers. 
 
 Addison's ^^^ig Examiner. 
 
 2. Being of no hope or regard ; used of 
 condition. 
 
 The rarer thy example stands. 
 By how much from the top of wond'rous glorv. 
 Strongest of mortal men, 
 
 To lowest pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n. 
 Milton's Sampson Agonistes. 
 We see man and woman in the highest inno- 
 cence and perfection, and in the most "abject state 
 of guilt and infirmity. 
 
 Addison, Spectator, No. 279. 
 
 3. Mean and despicable; used of actions. 
 The rapine is s^ abject and profane. 
 
 They not from trifles, nor from gods refrain. 
 
 Dryden's Jmvnal, Sat. 8. 
 To what base ends, and by what abject ^vavs. 
 Are mortals urg'd through sacred lust of praise ? 
 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 A'BJECT. n. s. A man without hope; a 
 man whose miseries are irretrievable; 
 one of the lowest condition. 
 
 Yea, the abjects gathered tliemselves together 
 against me. Psalm xxxv. 15. 
 
 To Abje'ct. v. a. [abjicio Lat.] To 
 
 throw away. A word rarely used. 
 Abje'ctedness. n. s.[ivom abject.] The 
 state of an abject. 
 
 Our Saviour would love at no less rate tlian 
 death ; and, from the supereminent height of 
 glory, stooped and abased himself to the sufi'erance 
 of the cxtremest of indignities, and sunk himself 
 to tlie bottom of abjectedness, to exalt our condi- 
 tion to the contrary extreme. Bonle's Works. 
 .\bje'ction. n. s. [from abject.] Mean- 
 ness of mind; want of spirit; servi- 
 lity ; baseness. 
 
 That this should be termed baseness, abjection 
 of mind, or servility, is it credible? 
 
 Hvker, b. r. f 47. 
 
 The just medium lies betwixt pride and 
 
 abjection, the two extremes. L'Estrange. 
 
 A'bjectly. adv. [from abject.] In an 
 abject manner, meanly, basely, servilely, 
 contemptibly. 
 -Vejectness. n. s. [from abject.] Abjec- 
 tion, servility, meanness. 
 
 Servility and ahjectness of humour is implicitly 
 involved in the charge of lying. 
 
 Government of the Tongue, § 8. 
 
 A B J 
 
 By humility I mean not the ahjectness of & ba^e 
 mind : but a prudent care not to over-value our- 
 selves upon any account. 
 
 Crew's CosTTwlogia Sacra, b.u. c. 7, 
 
 Abi'lity. n. s. [Habilele, Ft.] 
 
 1. The power to do any thing, whether 
 depending upon skill, or riches, or 
 strength, or any other quality. 
 
 Of singing thou hast gut tlie reputation, 
 Good Tliyr^is, mine I yield to thy abUity ; 
 lily heart dotJi seek, anotlier estimation. 
 
 Sidney, b. L 
 
 If aught in my ability may serve 
 To lighlcn what thou suffer*st, and appease 
 Thy mind with what amends is in my pow'r. 
 
 Milton's Sampson Agonistes, I. 7-^ 
 
 Tlie3' gave after their ability unto the treasure. 
 
 Ezra, ii. 69. 
 
 If any man minister, let hira do it as of the 
 ahUitxi which God givelli : that God in all things 
 may be glurilied tlirough Jesus Chrbt. 1. Pet. iv.l I. 
 
 Wherever we lind our abilities too weak for tlte 
 performance, he assures us of the assistance of his 
 Holy Spirit. Roger's Sermons. 
 
 2. Capacity of mind; force of understand- 
 ing; mental power. 
 
 Cliildren in whom there was no blemiih, but 
 well-favoured, and skilful in all wisdom, and cun- 
 nio" in knowledge, and imderstanding science, 
 ana such as had ability 'm them to stand in tlte 
 king's palace. Dan. i. 4. 
 
 3. When it has the plural number, abilities, 
 it frequently signifies the faculties orpow- 
 ers of the mind, and sometimes the force 
 of understanding given by nature,as dis- 
 tinguished from acquired qualifications. 
 
 Whether it may be thuueht necessaiy, that iu 
 certain tracts of country, like what we call pa- 
 rishes, there should be oiie man, at least, of abilities 
 to read and write ? Stcift. 
 
 Abinte'state. adj. [of ab from, and 
 iiitcstatiiSj Lat.] A term of law, imply- 
 ing him that inherits from a man, A\-ho, 
 though he had the power to make a 
 will, yet did not make it. 
 
 To A'bjugate, v. a. [abjugo, Lat.] To 
 unyoke, to micouple. Diet, 
 
 To ABJURE. V. a. [abjuro, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To cast off upon oath, to swear not to 
 do or not to have something. 
 
 Either to die the death, or to abjure 
 For ever the society of man. 
 
 Shakespeare's Midsum. Xight's Dream. 
 
 Xo man, therefore, that hatli not abjured his 
 reason, and sworn allegiance to a preconceived 
 fantastical hypothesis, can undertake the defence 
 rf such a suppoi>ition. Hale. 
 
 2. To retract, recant, or abnegate a posi- 
 tion upon oath. 
 
 Abjuration ». 3. [from abjure] The 
 act of abjuring. The oath taken for 
 that end. 
 
 Until Henry Vllt. his time, if a man, having 
 committed felonv, could go into a church, or 
 church-yard, before lie were apprehended, he 
 mii^ht not be taken from thence to the usual trial 
 of law, but confessing liis fault to the justices, t r 
 to the corcmer, gave his oath to forsake the realm 
 for ever, which was called abjuration. 
 
 There are some abjurations still iu force among 
 us here in England ; as, bv the statute of the tbln 
 of king Charles U. all persons that arc admitted 
 into anv othce, civil or military, must take the 
 test ; which is an abjuration of some doctrines ci 
 the church of Rome, 
 
 There is likewise another oalli of ahiuratvm, 
 which laymen and clerirymer are both oSliged to 
 lake f and that is ic alyure the rrctender. 
 
 Ayli^e's Parergon Juris Canonici
 
 A B L 
 
 To ABLACTATE. v. a. [ahlaeto, Lat.] 
 To wean from the breast. 
 
 Ablacta'tion. n. s. One of the me- 
 thods of grafting; ami, according to 
 the signification of the word, as it were 
 a weaning of a cyon by degrees from its 
 mother stock ; not cutting it off wholly 
 from the stock, till it is firmly united to 
 that on whicli it is grafted. 
 
 Ablaquea'tion. n. .1. [ablaquealio,Lat.] 
 Tlie art or practice of opening tlie 
 ground about the roots of trees, to let 
 the air and water operate upon them. 
 
 Trench the ground and m;iku it ready for the 
 sprin": Prepare also soil, and use it where you 
 have occasion ; Dig borders. Uncover as yet 
 roots of trees, where ablaqiieatum is requisite. 
 
 Evcltin's haleiular. 
 The tenure in chief is the very foot that dotli 
 maintain this silver stem, that by many rich and 
 fruitful branches spreadeth itself: so if it be sut- 
 fered to starve, by want of alilaqiicalion, and 
 other good husbandry, this yearly fruit will much 
 decrease. Baron s Ofltce oj Ahenatmns. 
 
 ADLA'TION. n. s. {abhitio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of taking awa)'. 
 A'blative. n. a. [alilalivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. That which takes away. 
 
 2. The sixth case of the Latin nouns; the 
 case which, among other significations, 
 includes the person from whom some- 
 thing is taken away. A term of grammar. 
 
 A'BLE. adj. [habile, Fr. Iiabilis, Lat.] 
 skilful ready. 
 
 1 . H aving strong faculties or great strength 
 or knowledge, riches, or any other power 
 of mind, body, or fortune. 
 
 Henry VII. was not afraid of an able man, as 
 Lewis the Eleventh was. But, contrariwise, he 
 was served by the ablest men that were to be found ; 
 without which his aflairs could not have prospered 
 as they did. Bacons Hcitni\ II. 
 
 Sncli gambol faculties he hath, that sliew a 
 weak mind and an. able body, for the which the 
 prince admits him. Shukesp. Ilenru IV. p. ii. 
 
 2. Having power sufficient; enabled. 
 
 All mankind acknowledge themselves able and 
 sufficient to do many tbuigs, which actually they 
 never do. South's Serm. 
 
 Every man shall give as he is able, according to 
 the blessing of the Lord thy Gud, which he haih 
 given thee. " i^ent. xvi. iT. 
 
 S. Before a verb, with the particle to, it 
 signifies generally having the power. 
 
 Wralh is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but 
 who is iiWr to stand before-envy ? Pror. x.'ivii. 4. 
 4. Withybr it is not often nor very pro- 
 perly used. 
 
 There have been some inventions also, whidi 
 have been able for the utterance of articulate 
 sounds, as the speaking of certain words. 
 
 WUhbis's Mtithcmatical Magic. 
 
 To A'ble. v. a. To make able; to 
 enable, which is the word commonly 
 used. See Enable. 
 
 Plate sin with gold, 
 And the strong lance of justice hurtless "breaks : 
 Arm it with rags, a pigmy's straw doth pierce it. 
 None does offend, none, 1 say none ; I'll ai/e 'em ; 
 Take that of me, mv friend." Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 A'ble- BODIED- adj. Strong of body. 
 
 It lies in the power of every fine woman, to se- 
 cure at least half a dozen abte-lwdied men to his 
 majesty's service. Aililison, Freeholder, No. -1. 
 
 To ABLEGATE, v. a. [ablcgo, Lat.] 
 To send abroad upon some employ- 
 ment ; to send out of the way. Did. 
 
 ABO 
 
 Ablega'tion. «. ,s. [from ablegate.] 
 The act of sending abroad. Diet. 
 
 A'bleness. [from able.] Ability of body 
 or mind vigour, force. 
 
 That nation dolh so cicel, both for comeliness 
 and ahleness, that from neighbour countries they 
 ordinarily come, some to strive, some to learn, 
 some to behold. SWiici;, b. ii. 
 
 Able'psy. n. s. [i€^^^l/U, Gr.] Want of 
 sight, blindness ; miadvlsedness. Diet. 
 
 AbligURi'tion. 71. s. [abligiiritio, Lat.] 
 Prodigal expence on meat and drink . Diet. 
 
 To A'bligate. v. a. [abligo, Lat.] To 
 
 tie up from. Diet. 
 
 To A'BLOCATE. v. a. [abloco, Lat.] To 
 
 let out to hire. 
 Perhaps properly by him who has 
 
 hired it from another. 
 
 Calvin's Lexicon Juridicum. 
 Abloca'tion. 11. s. [from aWoca/c] A 
 
 letting out to hire. 
 To Ablu'de. v. a. [ahliido, Lat.] To be 
 
 unlike. Diet. 
 
 A'bluent. adj. [abluens, Lat. from abluo, 
 
 to wash away.] 
 
 1. That which washes clean. 
 
 2. That which has the power of cleans- 
 
 ing. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Ablu'tion. n. n. [ablutiu, Lat.] 
 
 ] . The act of cleansing, or washing clean. 
 
 There is a natural analogy between the ablution 
 of the body and the purification of the soul ; be- 
 tween eating the holy bread and drinking Ihe sa- 
 cred chalice, and a participation of the body and 
 blood of Christ. Taylor's Worthy Communicant. 
 
 •2. The water used in washing. 
 
 Wash'd by the briny wave, the jpious train 
 Are cleans'd, and cast th' ablutions in the main. 
 
 Pope's Itiad. 
 
 3. The rinsing of chemical preparations in 
 water, to dissolve and wash away any 
 acrimonious panicles. 
 
 4. The cup given, without consecration, 
 to the laity In the popish churches. 
 
 To A'BNEGATE. v. a. [from abnego, 
 Lat.] To deny. 
 
 Abnega'tion. n. s. \abncgatio, Lat. 
 denial, from abiicgo, to deny.] Denial, 
 renunciation. 
 
 The abnegation or renouncing of all his own 
 holils and interests, and trusts of all that man is 
 most apt to depend upon, that he may the more 
 e.xpedilely follow Chnst. Hammond. 
 
 AbnODA'tiON. n. s. [abnodatio, Lat.] 
 The act of cutting away knots from 
 trees ; a term of gardening. Diet. 
 
 Abno'rmous. adj. [abiionnis, Laf. out of 
 rule.] In-egula'r, mishapen. Diet. 
 
 Abo'ard. adi'. [a sea-term, but adopted 
 into common language ; derived imme- 
 diately from the French a bord, as, aller 
 a bord, envoijcr a bord. Bord is itself 
 a word of very doubtful original, and per- 
 haps, in its different acceptations, dedu- 
 cible from different roots. Bojib, in the 
 ancient Saxon, signified a house; in 
 which sense, to go aboard, is to take up 
 residence in a ship.] 
 1 . In a ship. 
 
 ABO 
 
 He loudly call'd to such as were aboard. 
 The little bark unto the shore to draw, 
 And him to ferry over that deep ford. 
 
 Fairy Qaecn, b. ii. cant. 6. 
 He might land them, if it pleased him, or other- 
 wise keep them aboard. 
 
 Sir W. Raleigh's Eisayt 
 2. Into a ship. 
 
 When morning rose, I sent my mates to bring 
 Sui)plies of water from a neighboring spring. 
 Whilst I the motions of the winds explor'a ; 
 Then surainon'd in my crew, and went aboard. 
 
 Addi-yon's Ovid's Metamorphoses, b. iii. 
 Abo'de. n. s. [from abide.] 
 
 1. Habitation, dwelling, place of resi- 
 dence. 
 
 But I know thy abode and thy going out, and 
 thy coming in. " 2 Kings, six. 27. 
 
 "Others limy use the ocean as their road, 
 Only the Eirglish make it their abode ; 
 AVIi'osc ready sails with eve;y wind can fly. 
 And make a cov'nant with ih' inconstant 'sky. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 2. Stay, continuance in a place. 
 
 Sweet friends, vour patience for my long abode j 
 Not I, but my alfairs, have made you wait. 
 
 Shakespeare's Merchant (f Venice. 
 
 Making a short abode in Sicily the second time, 
 
 landing in Italy, and making the war, may he 
 
 reasonably judged the business but of ten months. 
 
 Drifden's Dedicat. to JEimd. 
 
 Tile woodcocks early visit, and abode 
 Of long continuance in our temp'rate clirae, 
 Foretel a liberal harvest. Phillips. 
 
 3. To ?nake abode. To dwell, to reside, 
 to inhabit. 
 
 Deep in a cave the Sibyl makes abode ; 
 Thence full of fate returns, and of the God. 
 
 Dn^d. .-En. 6. 
 
 To Abo'de. v. a. [SeeBoDE.] Toforetoken 
 or foreshow ; to be a prognostic, to be 
 ominous. It is taken, with its derivatives, 
 in the sense either of good or ill. 
 
 Every man, 
 After the hideous storm that "follow'd, was 
 A thing ins|)ir'd ; and, not consulting, broke 
 Info a general prophecy, that this tempest. 
 Dashing the garment o"f this piece, aboded 
 The sudden Breach of it. 
 
 Shakespeare's Henry VIII. 
 
 Abo'dement. n. s. [from To abode.] A 
 
 secret anticipation of something future ; 
 
 an impression upon the mind of some 
 
 event to come ; prognostication ; omen. 
 
 I like not this. 
 For many men that stumble at the threshold, 
 Are well" foretold that danger lurks within. — 
 — Tush ! man, abodements must not now affright 
 us. Shakespeare's Henry VI. p. lii. 
 
 My lord bishop asked him. Whether he had 
 never any secret abodement in his mind? No, re- 
 plied the duke ; but I think some adventure may 
 kill me as well as an another man. Wotton. 
 
 To ABO'LISH. I', a. [aboho, Lat.] 
 I. To annul ; to make void. Applied to 
 laws or institutions. 
 
 For us fo abolish what he hath established, were 
 presumption most intolerable. Hooker, b. iii. ^ H^. 
 
 On the parliament's part it was proposed, that all 
 the bishops, deans and chapters, might be imme- 
 diately taken away, and abolished. 
 
 Clarendon, b. viii, 
 
 I. To put an end to, to destroy. 
 
 The long continued wars between the English 
 and the Scots, had then raised invincible jea- 
 lousies and hate, which long contiiuicd peace hath 
 since abolished. Sir John Hayward. 
 
 That shall Perocles well requite, I wot. 
 And, witli thy blood, abolish so reproachful blot. 
 
 Fairy Quce». 
 Jlore destroy 'd than they, 
 
 We should be quite abolish'd, and expirt. 
 
 Miltm.
 
 ABO 
 
 Or wilt thou thyself 
 Abolish thy creation, and uniiiake 
 For him, what for thy glory thou hdst made? 
 
 Millon, b. iij. /. 163. 
 Nor could Vulcanian flame 
 The stench abolUh, or the savour tame. 
 
 Drud. I irg. Geo. in. 
 Fermented spirits contract, harden, and conso- 
 lidate many fibres together, ahalish'mg many ca- 
 nals ; especially where the fibres arc the tender- 
 est, as in the brain. Arbiith. on Aliments. 
 
 Abo'lishable, adj. [from abolish.] That 
 which may be abolished. 
 
 Abo'lisher, n.s. [from abolish.] He 
 that abolishes. 
 
 Abo'lishment, «.*. [from abolish.] The 
 act of abolishing. 
 
 The plain and direct way had been to prove, 
 that all such ceremonies, as they require to he 
 abolished, are retained by us with the hurt of the 
 church, or with less benefit than the abolishment of 
 them would brine. Hooker, h. iv. 
 
 He should think the aiw/is/imcnt of episcopacy 
 amons us, would prove a mighty scandal and cor- 
 ruption to our faith, and manifestly dangerous to 
 our monarchy. SieiH'i Church oj' Engluud Man. 
 
 Abolition. 71. s. [(rom abolish.] The 
 act of abolishing. This is now more 
 frequently used than abolishment. 
 
 From the total abolition of the popular power, 
 may be dated tlie ruin of Rome ; for had the re- 
 ducing hereof to its ancient condition, proposed 
 by Agrippa, been accepted instead of Maecenas's 
 model, that state might have continued unto this 
 day. Gretv's Cosmologia Sacra, h. iii. o. 4. 
 
 An apoplexy is a sudden abolition of all the 
 senses, and of "all voluntary motion, by tlic .stop- 
 page of the tlux and reflux of the aniuuil spirits 
 through the nerves destined for those motions. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Abo'minable. adj. [abominabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Hateful, detestable; to be loathed. 
 
 Tills infernal pit 
 Abtyminable, occurs'd, the house of woe. Mihon. 
 The queen and ministry might easily redress 
 tills abominable grievance, by endeavouring to 
 choose men of virtuous principles. 
 
 Swift's Project for the Adi^ncement of ReUgion, 
 
 2. Unclean. 
 
 Tire soul that shall touch any unclcin beast, or 
 any abominable unclean thing, even that soul shall 
 be cut off from his people. Leciticits, vii. 21. 
 
 3. In low and ludicrous language, it is a 
 
 ■word of loose and indeterminate censure. 
 
 They say you are a melancholy fellow. — I am 
 so ; I do love it better than laughing. — Those that 
 are in extremity of either, are abominable fellows, 
 and betray themselves to every modern censure, 
 worse than drunkards. Shakespeare's As you like it. 
 
 Abo'minableness. n.s. [from abomi- 
 nable.] The quality of being abomi- 
 nable ; hatefulness, odiousness. 
 
 Till we have proved, in its proper place, the 
 eternal and essential ditierencc between Tirtue and 
 vice, we must forbear to urge atheists with the 
 corruption and abominableness uf their principles. 
 Bentlet/'s Sermons. 
 Abo'minably. adv. [from abominable.] 
 A word of low or famOiar language, sig- 
 nifying excessively, extremely, exceed- 
 ingly ; in an ill sense. It is not often 
 seriously used. 
 
 I have observed great abuses and disorders in 
 your family ; your servants are mutinous and 
 quarrelsome, arid cheat you most abmninably. 
 
 Arbtithnot. 
 
 To ABO'MINATE. v.a. [abominor, Lat.] 
 To abhor, detest, hate ittterly. 
 
 Pride goes hated, cursed, and abominated by 
 •U. Hammond. 
 
 ABO 
 
 We are not guilty of your injuries, 
 Xo way consent to them ; but do abhor. 
 Abominate, and luatli this cruelty. 
 
 Southern's Oroonoko. 
 
 He professed both to abominate and despise all 
 mystery, refmenient, and intrigue, eitlier in a 
 jirlnce or minister. Suijt. 
 
 ABOMl^ ATioN. U.S. 
 
 1. Hatred, detestation. 
 
 To assist king Charles by English or Dutrh 
 forces, would render him odious to his new sub- 
 jects, who have nothing in so iireAt abomination, as 
 "those whom they hold for heretics. Saiji. 
 
 2. The object of hatred. 
 
 Every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyp- 
 tians. " Genesis, sJvi. 34. 
 
 3. Pollution, defilement. 
 
 -■Vud there shall in no wise enter into it any 
 thing that defileth, neither whatsoever vTOrkelli 
 abomination, or makcth a lie. Rec. xxi. t>7. 
 
 4. Wickedness ; hateful or shameful vice. 
 
 Tir adulterous Antony, most large 
 In his abomi)tations, turns you off. 
 And gives his potent regiment to a trull. 
 That noses it against us. 
 
 Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 5. The cause of pollution. 
 
 And the high places that were before Jerusa- 
 lem, which were on the right hand of the mount 
 of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel 
 had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the 
 Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the 
 JMoabites, and for ililcom the abomination of the 
 children of Ammon, did the kuig defile. 
 
 2 Kings xsiii. 13. 
 
 .ABORIGINES, n. s. [Lat.] The earli- 
 est inhabitants of a country ; those of 
 whom no original is to be traced ; as, 
 the Welsh ia Britain. 
 
 To ABOTcT. V. n. [aborto, Lat.] To bring 
 forth before the time ; to miscarry. 
 
 Did. 
 
 Abo'rtion. n. s. [abortio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of bringing forth untimely. 
 These then need cause no abortion. Sandys. 
 
 2, The produce of an untimely birth. 
 
 His wife niiscarried ; but, as the abortion proved 
 only a female fcctus, he ccunforted himself. 
 
 Arbuthuot and Pope's Martinus Scrihlenis. 
 Behold my arm thus I lasted, dry and wither'd. 
 Shrunk like "a foul abortion, and decay'd, 
 Like some untimely product of the seasons. 
 
 Rone. 
 Abo'rtive. V. s. That which is born 
 before the due time. Perhaps ancient- 
 ly any thing irregularly produced. 
 
 No common wind, no customed event. 
 But lliey will pluck away its nat'ral causes. 
 And call them meteors, prodigies, and signs. 
 Abortives, and presages, tongues of heav'n. 
 Plainly denouncuig vengeance upon John. 
 
 Sbiikcsp. King John. 
 Take the fine skin of an abortive, and, witli 
 starch thin laid on, prepare your ground or tablet. 
 'Ptacbam on Drawing. 
 3Iany are preserved, and do signal service to 
 their country, who, without a provision, might 
 have perished as aboi-tives, or have come to an un- 
 timely end, and perhaps have brought upon tluir 
 guilty parents the like destruction. 
 
 Addison, Guardian, No. 106. 
 
 Abo'rtive. \abortivus, Lat.] 
 1 . That which is brought forth before the 
 due time of birth. 
 
 If ever he have child, abortive be it. 
 Prodigious, and untimely brought to light. 
 
 Shake.'sp Richard III. 
 All th' unaccomplished works of nature's hand, 
 Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mix'd, 
 Dissolv'd on earth, fleet hither. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost, b. iii. /. 456. 
 
 ne 
 lav 
 
 ABO 
 
 Nor will his fruit expect 
 Tir autumnal scasun, but, in suuiracr's pride 
 When otiicr orchards smile, Abortite fail. Pkilttpt. 
 
 2. Figuratively, that which fails for want 
 of time. 
 
 H<iw often hast tliou waited at my cup, 
 Rcnicinher it, and let it make tliec crest-fall'nv 
 A^-, and allay lliis thy afxirtive pride. 
 
 Shake<j). Hcnr\j VI. p. ii. 
 
 3. That which brings forth nothing. 
 
 The v()id pr<ifouiid 
 Of unessential night receives hira next, 
 Wide-gaping ; and with utter loss of being 
 Threatens him, plung'd in tiiat ahoTtive guTC 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost, b. ii. I. 451. 
 
 4. That whicli fails or miscarries, from 
 •whatever cause. This is less proper. 
 
 Many politic conceptions, so elaborately form- 
 ed and %vrought, and grown at lengtli ripe for de- 
 livery, do yet, in tlic issue, miscarry and prove 
 abortive. South's Sermon*, 
 
 Abo'rtively. [from aborlive.] Bom 
 without the due time; iraraaturely, un- 
 timely. 
 
 Abo'rtiveness. n. s. [from abortiic] 
 The state of abortion. 
 
 Abortment. n.s. [from abort.] The 
 thing brought forth out of time ; an 
 untimely birth. 
 
 Concealed treasures, iiow lost to mankind, shall 
 be brought into use by the industry of converted 
 jenitents, whose wretched carcases the impartial 
 aws dedicate, as untimely feasts, to the worms of 
 the earth, in whose wom6 those deserted mineral 
 riches must ever lie buried as lost abortmentSt un- 
 less those be made the active midwives to deliver 
 tbem. Bacon s Physical Remains. 
 
 ABOVE, prep, [from a, and bupan, 
 Saxon ; bove?i, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . To a higher place ; in a higher place. 
 
 So when with crackling flames a cauldron fries, 
 Tlie bubbling waters from the bottom rise ; 
 Aboie the brims they force tlieir fiery way ; 
 Black vapours climb aloft, and cl-iud the day. 
 
 Drydcn, Jlrieid vii. I. 643. 
 
 2. More in quantity' or number. 
 
 Every one that passeth among thera, iliat are 
 numbered from twenty years old and aboiCt shall 
 give an offering unto the Lord. 
 
 Hiodus, XXX. 14. 
 
 3. In a superior degree, or to a superior 
 degree of rank, power, or excellence. 
 
 Tlie Lord is high aboie all nations, and his 
 glory above the hea\ens. Psalm cxiii. 4. 
 
 l1ie public power of all societies is above every 
 soul contaiutrdiu the same societies. 
 
 Hooker, b. 1. 
 There is no riches above a sound body, and no 
 joy above the joy of the heart. 
 
 EccleMsticus, xxx. It5. 
 To her 
 Tliou didst resign thy manhood, and the place 
 AVherein God set thee above her, made of thee, 
 And for thee ; whose perfection far excell'd 
 Hers, in all real dignity. 
 
 MiUai's Paradise Lost, b. X. L 147. 
 Lalona sees her shine aboit the rest. 
 And feeds with secret joy her silent breasL 
 
 l^rydens .£neid. 
 
 4. In a state of being superior to; unat- 
 tainable by. 
 
 It is an old and true distinction, that things 
 may be alun*: our reason, without being contrary 
 to It. Of Uiis kind are the rower, the nature, 
 and the universal presence of God, with innu- 
 merable other points. SicijL 
 
 5. Beyond; more than. 
 
 We w ere pressed out of measure, above strength; 
 insomuch that we despaired even of life. 
 
 2 O. i. 8. 
 
 In having thouirbts unconfused, and being able 
 
 to distinsuisfi one wing from another, where there
 
 ABO 
 
 Is but the least difference, consists the exactness 
 of judgnif nt and clfarncss of reason, ivhich is in 
 one man above another. Locke. 
 
 The inhubitants of Tirol have many privilege: 
 above those of the other hereditary countries of the 
 enijieror. Addison 
 
 6. Too proud for; too high for. A phrase 
 chiefly used in familiar expression. 
 
 Kings and princes, in the earlier ages of tlie 
 uorld, hihoured in arts and occupations, and were 
 above nothing tliai tended to promote the conve- 
 niences of lite. Pope^s Odyssty ; notes. 
 
 Above, adv. 
 
 1. Over-head; in a higher place. 
 
 To men standing below, men standing aloft 
 seem much lessened ; to those above, men siandine 
 beIo\v seem not so much lessened. Boctm. 
 
 When he established tlie clouds above ; when he 
 strengthened the fountains of the deep ; when lie 
 gave to the sea his decree, that the waters sliould 
 not pass his commandment ; when lie appointed 
 the ftinndations of the carlh ; then I was by him, 
 as one brought up with him : and I was daily his 
 delight, rejoicing always before him. 
 
 Proverbs, viii. 28. 
 
 Every good gift, and every perfect gift, isji-om 
 above, and cumelh down from the Father of lights, 
 with whom is no variableness, neither sliadow of 
 turnine. James, i. 17. 
 
 The rrojansyrnni above their foes beheld ; 
 And with ann'd legions all tlie rampires fiU'd. 
 
 Dryden, JEneid. 
 
 2. In the regions of heaven. 
 
 Your praise the birds shall chant in every grove, 
 And winds shall waft it to the pow'rs above. 
 
 Pope's Pastorals. 
 
 3. Before. [See Above-cited.] 
 
 I said above, that these two machines tf the ba- 
 lance, and the dira, were only ornamental, and 
 that the success of the duel had been the same 
 without them. Dryd. Dedicat. uEncid. 
 
 A.BOVE ALL. In the first place; chiefly. 
 
 I studied Virgil's design, his disposition of it, 
 his manners, his judicious management of the 
 figures, the Fober retrenchments of his sense, which 
 alwa3's leaves something to gratify our imagina- 
 tion, on which it may enlarge at pleasure; but 
 above all, the elegance of his expression, and the 
 harmony of his numbers. Dryden s Dedicat jEncid. 
 
 Above-bo'ard. 
 
 1. In opensiglit; without artifice or trick. 
 A figurative expression, borrowed from 
 gamesters, who, when they put their 
 hands under the table, are changing 
 their cards. It is used only in familiar 
 language. 
 
 It is the part also of an honest man to deal 
 above-board, and without tricks. L'Estraiige. 
 
 2. Without disguise or concealment. 
 Though tliere have not been wanting such here- 
 tofore, as have practised these unworthy arts, for 
 as much as there have been villains in all places, 
 and all ages, yet now-a-days they are owned 
 abovc-bourd. South' s Sermom. 
 
 Above-ci'ted. Cited before. A figu- 
 rative expression, taken from the ancient 
 manner of writing books on scrolls; 
 where whatever is cited or mentioned 
 before in the same page, must be above. 
 
 It appears from the authority above-cited, that 
 tills is a fact confessed by heatnens tliemselves. 
 Addison on the Chriatian Religion. 
 
 Abo've-grou'nd. An expression used 
 to signify alive; not in the grave. 
 
 Abo've-me'ntioned. See Above-ci- 
 ted. 
 
 1 do not remember, that Homer any where falU 
 into the faults above-mentioned, which were indeed 
 the false relinements of latter ages. 
 
 Spectator, No. 279. 
 
 To ABO'UND. V, n, [abtmdo, Lat, abon- 
 dcr, French.] 
 
 A B O 
 
 1. To have in great plenty; to be copious- 
 ly stored. It is used sometimes with the 
 particle iiij and sometimes the particle 
 wiik. 
 
 Thi' king-becoming graces, 
 I have no relish of them, but abound 
 In the division of each several crime. 
 Acting it many ways. Shake.ipeare's Macbeth. 
 
 Corn, wine, and oil, are wanting to this ground, 
 In wliich our countries fruitfully cihntind. 
 
 Dryden s Indiaii Emperor. 
 
 A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but 
 he that maketh haste to be rich, shall not be inno- 
 cent. Proverbs, xxviii. iiO. 
 
 Now that languages are made, and ahotmd with 
 words standing for combination, an usual way of 
 getting complex ideas, is by tlie explications of 
 those terms that stand for them. Locke 
 
 2. To be in great plenty. 
 And because iniquity shall abound, the love of 
 
 many shall wax cold. Matthew xxiv. 12. 
 
 \\ ords arc like leaves, end where they most 
 abound. 
 Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 ABO'UT. p7'€p. [abutan, or abuton, Sax. 
 which seems to signify encircling on the 
 outside.] 
 
 1. Round, surrounding, encircling. 
 
 Let not mercy and truth forsake thee. Bind 
 them aliout thy neck ; write tliem upon the table 
 of tJiy heart. Proverbs^ iH. 3. 
 
 She cries, and tears her cheeks, 
 Her hair, her vest ; and, stooping to the sands, 
 About his neck she cast her trembling hands. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 2. Near to. 
 .Speak unto the congregation, saying, ^et you 
 
 up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dath;in, 
 and Abiram. Eiodus. 
 
 Thou dost nothing, Serglus, 
 Thou canst endeavour nothing, nay, not think ; 
 But I both see and hear it ; and am with thee, 
 By and before, aoout and in thee too. 
 
 Ben Jons Cataline. 
 
 3. Concerning, with regard to, relating 
 to. 
 
 When Constantine had finished an house for the 
 service of God at Jerusalem, the dedication he 
 judged a matter not unwortliy, about the solemn 
 performance whereof, the greatest part of the 
 nishops in Christendora should meet together. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 The painter is not to take so much pains about 
 the drapery as about the face where the principal 
 resemblance lies. Dryd. 
 
 They are most frequently used as words equi- 
 valent, and do both of them indifterently signify 
 cither a speculative knowledge of things, or a 
 practical skill about them, according to the exi- 
 gency of the matter or thing spoken of. 
 
 Tillot. Sermon i. 
 
 Theft is always a sin, although the particular 
 species of it, and the denomination of particular 
 acts, doth suppose positive laws about dominion 
 and property. Stiltin^Jicet. 
 
 Cliildrcn should always be heard, and fairly and 
 kindly answered, when they ask after any lliing 
 they would know, and desire to be informed about. 
 Cui-iosity should be as carefiill3' cherished hi chil- 
 dren, as other appetites suppressed. Locke. 
 
 It hath been practised as a method of making 
 men's coLrt, when they are asked about the rate 
 of lands, the abilities of tenants, the state of trade, 
 Ui answer that all things are in a flourishing con- 
 dition. SwijVs Short View of Ireland. 
 
 ■k In a state of being engaged in, or em- 
 ployed upon. 
 
 Our blessed Lord was pleased to command the 
 representation of his death and sacrifice on the 
 cross should be made by breaking of bread and 
 cffvision of wine ; to signify to us the nature and 
 sacredness of tlie liturgy we arc about. 
 
 ' ' Taylor. 
 
 ABO 
 
 Labour, for labour's sake, is against nature. 
 The understanding, as well aa all the other facul- 
 ties, chooses always the shortest way to ils end, 
 would presently oljtain the knowledge it \s. about, 
 and then set upon some new enquiry. But this, 
 whether laziness or haste, often misleads it. Locke* 
 
 Our armies ought to be provided with secreta- 
 ries, to tell their story in plain English, and to let 
 us know, in nur mother tongue, what it is our 
 brave countrymen are about. 
 
 Addison, Sped. No. 309. 
 
 5. Appendant to the person ; as cloaths. 
 
 If you have tliis about you. 
 And Iwill give ■you when we go, you may 
 Boldly assault the necromancer's hall. 
 
 Milton's Cojmig, 
 
 It is not strange to me, that persons of tht 
 
 fairer sex should like, in all things about them, 
 
 tliat handsomeness for which ihey find thein- 
 
 sclves most liked. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 6. Relating to the person, as a servant, or 
 dependant. 
 
 Liking very well the young geiilleni.m, such I 
 took liim to be, admitted this Deiphantus about 
 me, who well shewed, there is no service like his 
 that terves because he loves. Sidnei/, b. ii, 
 
 7. Relating to person, as an act or office. 
 
 Good cor|H»r;il, for my old dame's sake, stand 
 m3' friend ; she hath no body to do any thing 
 about her when I am gone, and she is old and 
 cannot help herself. Shakeveare's Henrij IV 
 
 Abo'ut. adv, 
 
 1. Circularly, in a round ; circum. 
 
 The weyward sisters, hand in hand. 
 Posters oi the sea and land, 
 Thus do go about, about. 
 Thrice to thine, and tlirice to mine. 
 And thrice again to make up nine, 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. In circuit, in compass. 
 
 I'll tell you what I am ((/>nu(.— Two yards and 
 more. — No quips now. Pistol: indeed I am in 
 the waist two yards about; but I am about no 
 waste, I am about thrift. Shake^eare. 
 
 A tun about was ev'ry pillar there, 
 A polish'd uiirrour shone not half so clear. 
 
 Dryd. FabUs. 
 ^,3. Nearly; circiler. 
 
 When the boats were come within about sixty 
 yards of the pillar, they found themselves all 
 bound, and could go no farther ; yet so as tlicy 
 might move to go about, but niigHt not approach 
 nearer. Bacon's New Atalantis. 
 
 4. Here and there ; every way ; circa. 
 
 Up rose the gentle virgin from lier place. 
 And looked a.\i about, if she might spy 
 Her lovely knight. 
 
 Fairy Queen, b. i. cant. U. starfz. 33. 
 
 A wolf tliat was past labour, in his old age, 
 borrows a habit, and so about he goes, begging 
 charily from door to door, under the disguise of a 
 pilgrim. L EstraJigc, 
 
 5. With (o before a verb; as about tojly; 
 upon the point,within a small distance of. 
 
 These dying lovers, and their floating sons. 
 Suspend the hght, and silence all our guns : 
 Beauty and youth, about toperisii, fintls 
 Such lioble pity hi brave English minds. Waller 
 
 6. Round ; the longest way, in opposition 
 to the short straight way. 
 
 Gold hath tiiese natures ; greatness of weight ; 
 closeness of parts ; fixation ; pliantness, or soft- 
 ness ; immunity from rust ; colour, or tincture of 
 yellow; Therefore the sure way (though nmsi 
 about) to make gold, is to know the causes of the 
 several natures before rehearsed. 
 
 Bacons Natural Hist. No. 388, 
 Spies of the Volscians 
 Held me in chace, that I was forced to wheel 
 Three or four miles about; else had I, Sir, 
 Half an hour since brought my renort. 
 
 Shakesp. CoriolaMU. 
 
 8
 
 A B R 
 
 7. To bring ahatit ; to bring to the point 
 or state desired ; as, /w has bruiigld aboul 
 his purposes. 
 
 AVhcUier this will be Ijrouglit ahout, by brcak- 
 in^iis hertd, I very nucli (|ueslic)ii. <^pectatin-. 
 
 8. To come aboul ; to come to some cer- 
 tain state or point. It has commonly 
 the idea of revohition, or gyration. 
 
 Wliercfore it came to i>ass, when tlie time was 
 conie ttboiit, after Hannah had conceived, tliat 
 slie bare a son. i Sum. i, 20. 
 
 One evening it befcl, tliat looking out, 
 The wind they long had wisli'd was come ahout: 
 \Vell pleas'd.'they went t(j rest ; and, if the gale 
 Till mum continu'd, both resolv'd to sail. 
 
 Driid. Fuhlcs. 
 9- To go about ; to prepai-e to do it. 
 
 Did not Moses give you the law ? and yet none 
 
 of von keepeth the law, Wliy go ye about to 
 
 kilt nie ? John, vii. 19. 
 
 In common language they say, to 
 
 come about a man, to circumvent him. 
 Some of these phrases seem to derive 
 
 their original from the French a bout ; 
 
 venir ii bout d'une chose ; veiiir a bout de 
 
 quclqu'un. 
 A. Bp. for Archbishop ; which see. 
 ABRACADABRA. A superstitious 
 
 charm against agues. 
 To ABRADE, v. a. [abrado, Lat.] To 
 
 rub off; to wear away from the other 
 
 parts ; to waste by degrees. 
 By this means there may be a continued supply 
 
 of wliat is successively^ abraded from them by de- 
 
 cursion of waters. Hale. 
 
 A'BRAHAM'sBA'LM.Thenameofanherb. 
 Abra'sion, 71. s. [See .Abrade.] 
 
 1 . The act of abrading, or rubbing off. 
 
 2. [In medicine.] The wearing away of 
 the natural mucus, which covers the 
 membranes, particularly those of the 
 stomach and guts, by corrosive or sharp 
 medicines or humours. Quiiici/. 
 
 3. The matter, worn off by the attrition 
 of bodies. 
 
 Abre'ast. adv. [See Breast.] Side 
 by side ; in such a position, that the 
 breast may bear against the saine line. 
 
 i\Iy cousin .Suffolk, 
 My soul shall thine keep company to lieav'n : 
 Tarry, sweet soul, for mnie; then fly abreast. 
 
 Shake.^p. Henry V. 
 For honour travels in a streight so narrow. 
 Where one but goes abreast. fihakes.Troil.S: Cress. 
 
 The riders rocTe abreast ; and one his shield. 
 His lance of cornel wood another, held. 
 
 D}-ydens Fables, 
 
 A'bricot. See Apricot. 
 To ABRl'DGE. v. a. [abrcger, Fr. abbre- 
 vio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make shorter in words, keeping 
 still the same substance. 
 
 All these sayings being declared by Jason of 
 Cyrene in iiveDooks, we will essay to^abrid^e in 
 one volume. 'i Maec. ii. 23. 
 
 2. To contract, to diminish, to cut sliort. 
 The determination of the will, upon enquiry, 
 
 is following the direction of that guide ; and he, 
 tliat has a power to act or not to act, according as 
 such determination directs, is free. Such deter- 
 mination abriilges not that power, wherein liberty 
 consists. Locke. 
 
 3. To deprive of; to cut off from. In 
 wliich sense it is followed by the parti- 
 
 • cle from, or of, preceding the thing 
 taken away. 
 
 A B R 
 
 I have disabled mine estate, 
 By shewing something a more swelling port. 
 Than my fanit means would grant continuance ; 
 Nor do 1 now make nioan, to be abridged 
 From such a noble rate. 
 
 Shakespeare's Merchant of Venter. 
 They were formerly, ny the cunnnon faw, dis- 
 charged from pontage and murage ; but this pri- 
 vilege has been al>ridged tliciu since, by several 
 statutes. Aulijfc's Farer^on Juris 'Caiwuici. 
 
 Abri'dged of. part. Deprived of, de- 
 barred from, cut short. 
 Abri'dger. n. s. 
 
 1. He, that abridges; a shortener. 
 
 2. A writer of compendiums or abridg- 
 ments. 
 
 Abri'dgment. w. s. [ubrcgeiiieiil, Fr.] 
 
 1. The epitome of a larger work, contract- 
 ed into a small compass ; a compend ; a 
 summary. 
 
 Surely this commandment containeth the law 
 and the prophets ; and, in this out word, is the 
 abridgment of all volumes of scripture. 
 
 flooker, b. ii. $ .5. 
 Idolatry is certainly the first-born of folly, the 
 great and' leading paradox ; nay, the very abridg- 
 ment and sum total of all absurdities. 
 
 Soutlis Sermons. 
 
 2. A diminution in general. 
 All trying, by a love of littleness, 
 
 To make abridgments, aitd to draw to less 
 Even that nothing, which at first we were. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 3. Contraction; reduction. 
 
 The constant desire of happiness, and the con- 
 straint it puts up(m us, no body (I think ) accounts 
 an abridgment of liberty ; or at least an abridgment 
 of liberty to be complained of. Locke. 
 
 4. Restraint from any thing pleasing; 
 contraction of any thing enjoyed. 
 
 It is not barely a man's abridgment in his exter- 
 nal accommodations which makes him miserable ; 
 but when his conscience shall tell him that it was 
 his sin and his folly which brought him uiuler 
 that abridgment. South. 
 
 Abro'ach. adv. [See To Broach.] 
 
 1. In a posture to run out, or yield the li- 
 quor contained; properly spoken of 
 vessels. 
 
 Tlie jarrs of gen'rous wine 
 lie set abroach, and for the feast prepar'd. 
 
 Drijd. Virgil. 
 The Templer spruce,while ev'ry spout's abroach, 
 Stays till 'tis fair, yet seems to calf a coach. 
 
 Swift's Miseel. 
 
 2. In a figurative sense; in a st;ite to be 
 diffused or extended ; in a state of such 
 beginning as promises a progress. 
 
 That man, that sits within a monarch's heart, 
 And ripens in the suiishine of his favour, 
 Would he abuse the count'nance of the king. 
 Alack ! what mischiefs might lie set abroach, 
 In shado^v of such greatness ? 
 
 ^ Shakespeare' <i Henry IV. p. ii. 
 Abro'ad. adv. [compounded of a and 
 broad. See Broad.] 
 
 1 . Without confinement ; widely ; at large. 
 
 Iilterniit no watch 
 Against a wakeful toe ; while I abroad. 
 Thro' all tlie coasts of dark destruction, seek 
 Deliverance. Milton's Far. Lost, b. ii. /. 463. 
 
 Again tlie lonely fox roams far abroad. 
 On secret rapine b'em, and midnight fraud ; 
 Now haunts the clitf, now traverses the lawn. 
 And flies the hated neighbourhood of man. I'rioi'. 
 
 2. Out of the house. 
 
 Welcome, Sir! 
 This cell's my court ; here have I few attendants. 
 And subjects none abroad. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Lady walked a whole hour abroad, without 
 
 dying after it. Pope's Letters. 
 
 3. In another country. 
 
 A B R 
 
 They tliouglit it better to be somewhat hardlj 
 yoked a.t liome , than for ever abroad, and discre- 
 dited. Hooker, Prif. 
 
 \Vh<ijioever offers at verbal translation, shai.' 
 have the misfortune of that young traveller ; who 
 lost his own lani^uagc abroad, anil brought home 
 no other instead of it Sir J. Denham. 
 
 What learn our yonth abroad, but to rclJue 
 The huntely vices of their native land ? 
 
 Drpd. Span. Friar. 
 
 He, who sojourns in a foreign country, refers 
 wluit lie sees and hears abroad, to the* state of 
 tliinjjs at huiue. Attcrb. Serm. 
 
 1'. In all directions, this way and that; 
 Avith wide expansion. 
 
 Full ill tlie midst of thi'^ infernal road. 
 An elm displays her dusky arms ahnxid. 
 
 Dryd. Virg. £n. ti. 
 
 5. Without, not within. 
 
 Bodies politic, being subject (as much as natu- 
 ral) to dissolution, by divers means ; there are un- 
 doubtedly more states overthrown, through dis- 
 eases bred within themselves, than throut^h vio- 
 lence frtiin abroad. Honker, Dedicatitm, 
 
 To A'BROGATE. v. a. [abrogo, Lat.] 
 To take away from a law its force ; to 
 repeal ; to annul. 
 
 Laws have been made, upon special occasions ; 
 wliich occasions ceasing, laws of that kind do afi- 
 rogate themselves. Hooker, b. iv. ^ 14. 
 
 The negative precepts of men may cease by 
 many instruments ; by contrary customs, by pub- 
 lic dUrelish, by long omission : but the negative 
 precepts of God never can cease, but when thej 
 are expressly abrogated by the same authority. 
 
 Taylor's Rule tif' living holl/. 
 
 Abroga'tion. n. s. [abrogutio, Lat.] 
 The act of abrogating ; tlie repeal of a 
 
 law. 
 
 The commissioners from the confederate Ro- 
 man calliolics demanded tlieiW<ro^n(innand repeal 
 of all those laws, which were in force against the 
 exercise of the Roman religion. Clarend. b. viii. 
 To Abro'ok. v. a. [from To brook, with 
 a superabundant, a word not in use.] 
 To brook, to bear, to endure. 
 
 Sweet Nell, ill can thy noble mind abrook 
 The abject peo^de, gazing on thy face 
 Witli envious looks7 stilllaugluiig at thy shame. 
 ShakesjKare's Henry VI. p. ii. 
 
 ABRUPT, adj. [abruplus, Lat. broken 
 off.] 
 
 1. Broken, craggy. 
 
 Resistless roaiing, dreadful, down it comes 
 From the rude mountain and tlie mossy wild. 
 Tumbling through rocks abrupt. Thorns. JVin, 
 
 H. Divided, without any thing intervening. 
 
 Or spread Ill's airy flight. 
 Upborn with indefatigable wings, 
 0\er the vast abrupt, ere he arriYC 
 The happy isle. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost, b. ii. /. 409. 
 
 3. Sudden, without the customary or pro- 
 per preparatives. 
 
 My lady craves 
 To know the cause of your abrupt departure. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 The abrupt and unkind breaking of the two 
 first parliaments was wholly imputed to the duke 
 of Buckingham. Clarendon. 
 
 Abrupt, w i"tli eagle-speed she cut the sky, 
 Instant invisible to mortal eye : 
 Then first he recogniz'd th' ethereal guest. 
 
 PopesOdyss. b i. 
 L Unconnected. 
 
 The abrupt stile, which hath many breaches, 
 and doth not seem to end but fall. 
 
 Ben Jonson's Discmtery. 
 
 .Vbru'pted. adj. [abruptus, Lat. a word 
 little in use.] Broken off suddenly. 
 
 The etTects of their activity are not precipi- 
 tously ahrupted, but gradually proceed to then 
 cessa'tions. Bnnm's Vulgar Frroursb. vi. 10. 
 
 C 9
 
 A B S 
 
 Abru'ptioN. n. s. [abmptio, Lat.] 
 Breaking off, violent and sudden sepa- 
 ration. 
 
 Those, which are inclosed in stone, marble, or 
 such other solid matter; being ciifhcultlv separa- 
 ble from it, because of its adhesion to all sides of 
 theni ; have commonly some of tliat matter still 
 adhering to them, or at least marks of its abrup- 
 tion from them, on all their sides. 
 
 Woodw. Nat. Hht. p. 4. 
 
 Abru'ptly. adv. [See Abrupt.] Has- 
 tily, without the due forms of prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 The sweetness of virtue's disposition, jealous 
 even over itself, sntVered her nut to enter abniptlii 
 into questions of JIvisidorus. Sidneu, b, ii. 
 
 Now missing, from tlieir joy, so lately found. 
 So latel)' found, and so abritptlii gone. 
 
 Par. Refill, b. ii. 
 
 That they (both of them) punctually observed 
 the time, t'luis agreed upon ; and that, whatever 
 company or business they were engaged in, they 
 left It abruptly as soon as the clocE warned them 
 to retire. Addison, Spectator, No. ^41. 
 
 Abru'ptness. n. s. [from abrupt.'] 
 
 1 . An abrupt manner, haste, suddenness, 
 untimely vehemence. 
 
 2. The state of an abrupt or broken thing ; 
 roughness, cragginess ; as of a fragment 
 violently disjointed. 
 
 The crystallized bodies, found in the perpendi- 
 cular intervals, have always their root, as the jew- 
 ellers call it; which is only the abruptness at the 
 end of the body, whereby it adhered to the stone 
 or sides of the intervals : which abruptness \s caus- 
 ed by its being broke oil' from the said stone. 
 
 Woodw. Kat. Hist. p. 4. 
 A'bscess. n. s. [abscessus, Lat.] A mor- 
 bid cavity in the body ; a tumour, filled 
 ■with matter; a term of chirurgery. 
 
 If the patient is not relieved, nor dies, in eight 
 days ; the inflammation ends in a suppuration 
 and an abscess in the lungs, an<l sometimes in some 
 other part of the body. Arbutli. of Diet. 
 
 Lindanus conjectured, it might be some iiidden 
 abscess in the mesentery ; winch, breaking some 
 few days after, was discovered to be an apostem 
 of the iiiesentery. Harrep, on Con.fnmplion. 
 
 To Abscind, v. a. To cut off, either in 
 a natural or figurative sense. 
 
 ABSCISSA. [Lat.] Part of the diame- 
 ter of a conic section, intercepted be- 
 tween the vertex and a semi-ordinate. 
 Absci'ssion. n. s. [abscissio, Lat.] 
 1. The act of catting off. 
 
 Fabricius ab Aquapendente renders the abscission 
 
 of them difficult enough, and nut without danger. 
 
 Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 2. The state of being cut off. 
 
 By cessation of oracles, with Montacutius, we 
 may understand this intercisiun, not abscission or 
 consummate desolation. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Eirours, b. vi. c. 12. 
 
 To ABSCO'ND. 11. n. [abicondo, Lat.] 
 To hide one's self; to retire from the 
 public view : generally used of persons 
 in debt, or criminals eluding the law. 
 
 The marmotte or mus alpinus, which absconds 
 all winter, lives on its own fat : for in autumn, 
 when it shuts itself up in its h()le, it is very fat ; 
 but in the spring-time, when it comes forth again, 
 very lean. Ray on the Creadon. 
 
 Absconder. «. s. [(rom. abscond.] The 
 
 person that absconds. 
 Absence, n. s. [See Absent.] 
 1 . The state of being absent, opposed to 
 
 presence. 
 
 A B S 
 
 Sir, 'tis fit, 
 You have strong part;v to defend yourself, 
 By calmness, or by absetice : all's in danger. 
 
 Shakespeare's CoriolanHS. 
 His friends beheld, and pityM liini in vain. 
 For, what advice can ease a lovt*:'s pain ? 
 Absence, the best expedient they could find, 
 JVli^ht save the fortune, if not cure the mind. 
 
 Vryd. Fab. 
 
 You have given no dissertation upon th- o&sf nee 
 
 of lovers ; nor laid down any niethods, Iww they 
 
 should support themselves under those separa-- 
 
 tions. Addison, Spectator, No. 241. 
 
 2. Want of appearance in the legal sense. 
 
 v4/).';(7it*e is of a fonrfuld kind or species, The 
 first is a necessary absence, as in banished persons ; 
 this is entirely necessary. A second, necessary 
 and voluntary ; as upon the account of the com- 
 monwealth, or in the service of the church. The 
 third kind the civilians call a probulilc absence ; as, 
 tliat of students on the score of study. And tlie 
 fourth, an absoice entirely voluntary ; as, on the 
 account of triide, nierchan'dise, and the like. Soiut* 
 add a fifth kind of absence, which is committed 
 cum doto et culpa, by a man's non-appearance on a 
 citation ; as in a contumacious person, who, in ha- 
 tred to his contumacy, is (by the law) in some 
 respects, reputed as a person present. 
 
 Ayliffe's Parergon Juris Canenici. 
 
 3. Inattention, heedlessness, neglect of 
 the present object. 
 
 I continued my walk, reflecting on the little ab- 
 sences and distractions of mankind. 
 
 Addismi, Spectator, No. 77. 
 
 4. It is used with the particle /rom. 
 
 His absence from his mother oft he'll mourn ; 
 And, with his eyes, look wishes to nturn. 
 
 Dryd. Juv. Sat. ii. 
 
 A'BSENT. adj. [absens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not present: used with the particle 
 
 from. 
 
 In spring the fields, in autumn hills 1 love ; 
 At morn the plains, at noon the shady grove ; 
 But Delia always : absent from her sight. 
 Nor plains at morn, nor groves at noon delight. 
 
 Pope s Past. 
 
 \^■here there is advantage to be given. 
 Both more and less have given him the revolt ; 
 And none serve with him, but constrained things ; 
 Wliose hearts are absent tuo. Shakes. Macbeth. 
 
 Whether they were absent or present, they were 
 ve.ied alike. Wild. xi. ii. 
 
 2. Absent in mind, inattentive ; regardless 
 of the present object. 
 
 I distinguish a man that is absent, because he 
 thinks of something else ; from him that is absent, 
 because he thinks tif noliiing. Addis. Spec. No. 77. 
 To Abse'nt. v. a. To withdraw, to for- 
 bear to come into presence. 
 
 If thou didst ever hold nie in thy heart. 
 Absent thee from felicity a while ; 
 And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain, 
 Tu tell my talc. Shakespeare's Hamlet. 
 
 Go !— .for thy stay, not free, absents thee more. 
 Miltoti's Paradise Lost, b. ix. /. 37!^. 
 
 Tho' I am forc'd thus to absent myself. 
 From all I love ; I shall contrive some means. 
 Some friendly intervals, to visit thee. 
 
 Southerns Spartan Dame. 
 
 The Arengo is still called together in cases of 
 importance ; and if, after due sunnnons, any mem- 
 ber a/we?its himself, he is to be lined to the value 
 of about a penny English. Addison's Rem. on Italy. 
 
 Absenta'neoos. adj. Relating to ab- 
 sence; absent. Diet. 
 
 Absente'e. n. s. He that is absent from 
 his station, or employment, or country. 
 A word used commonly with regard to 
 Irishmen, living out of their country. 
 
 Then was the first statute made against niisfiilces; 
 commanding all such, as had land in Ireland, to 
 return and reside thereupon. 
 
 Sir John Duvies on Ireland 
 
 A 13 S 
 
 A great part of estates in Ireland are owned by 
 absentees ; and such, as draw over the prufits raised 
 out of Ireland, refujiduig nothinp. 
 
 Child's Discourse on Trade. 
 
 Absi'nthiated. part, [from abtin- 
 t/iium, Lat. wormwood.] Imbittered, 
 impregnated with wormwood. Diet. 
 
 To Absi'et. v. n. [absisio, Lat.] To 
 stiind off, to leave off. Diet. 
 
 To AB.S0'LVE, v. a. [absolvo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To clear, to acquit of a crime, in a ju- 
 dicial sense. 
 
 Your great goodness, out of holy pity, 
 Absolv'd him with an axe. Shak'es. Henry Vlll. 
 
 Our victors, blest in jieace, forget their wars. 
 Enjoy [)ast dangers, and absolve the stars. Tickell. 
 
 As*he ho[ies, and gives out, by the influence of 
 his wealth to be here absolved ; in condemning 
 this man, you have an oj)portunity of belying that 
 general scandal, of redeeming tlie credit lost by 
 lormer judgments. Sw'if't's Miscellanies. 
 
 2. To set free from an engagement or pro- 
 mise. 
 
 Compell'd by threats to take that bloody oath, 
 And the act ill,' I am absolv'd by both. 
 
 Waller's Maid's Tragedy. 
 
 This command, which must necessarily, com- 
 prehend the persons of our natural fathers, must 
 mean a duty we owe them, distinct from our obe- 
 dience to the mui^istrate, and from which the most 
 absolute power of princes cannot absolve us. Locke. 
 
 3. To pronounce sin remitted, in the ec- 
 clesiastical sense. 
 
 But all is calm, in this eternal sleep : 
 Here grief forgets to groan, and love to weep ; 
 Ev'n sunerstition loses every fear ; 
 For God, not man, absolves our frailties here. 
 
 Pope's Etoisa to Abelard. 
 
 ■i. To finish, to complete. This use is 
 
 not common. 
 
 What cause 
 Mov'd the Creator, in his holy rest 
 Through all eiernity, so late to build 
 In chaos : and the wnrk begun, how soon 
 Absolv'd. Milton's Paradise Lost, b. vii. I. 94. 
 
 If that, which is so supposed infinitely distant 
 from what is now current, is distant fruni us by 
 a finite interval, and not infinitely ; then that one 
 circulation, which preceded it, must necessarily be 
 like ours ; and consequently absolved in the space 
 of twenty-fuur hours. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 A'bsolute. adj. [absolutus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Complete; applied, as well to persons, 
 
 as to things. 
 
 Because the things that proceed from him are 
 perfect, without any manner of defect or maim; 
 it cannot be, but that the words of his month are 
 absolute and lack nothing which theysh ,nld liave, 
 for performance of that thing whereunlo tliey tend. 
 Hooker, b. ii. § 6. 
 
 What is his strength by land ?^^ 
 Great and increasing : biit by sea 
 He is an absolute master. 
 
 Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 2. Unconditional; as an fl6so/?/ff promise. 
 
 Although it runs in form ahsolute, yet it is in- 
 deed conditional ; as depending upon the qualifi- 
 cation of the person, to whom it is pronounced. 
 
 South's Sermons. 
 
 3. Not relative ; as, absolute space. 
 
 1 see still the distinctions of sovereign and in- 
 ferior, of absolute and relative worship, will bear 
 any man out in the worsliip of any creature^ with 
 res"pect to God ; as well at least, as it doth in the 
 worship of images. 
 
 Stillinjl Def. of' Disc, on Horn. Idol. 
 
 An absolute mode is that, which belongs to its 
 subject, without respect to any other beings what- 
 soever ; but a relative mode is derived from the 
 rccard, that one being has to others. 
 
 ^ Watts s Logic. 
 
 10
 
 A B S 
 
 In this sense we speak of the ablative 
 case absolute in grammar. 
 
 4. Not limited ; as absulule power 
 My crown is absolute, and licjids of none : 
 
 1 cannot in a base subjection live ; 
 
 Nor suffer you to take, tlio' I would give. 
 
 UryJ. Inii. Emp. 
 
 5. Positive; certain; without any hesi- 
 tation. 
 
 In this sense it rarely occurs. 
 
 Long is it since I saw liim : 
 But time llatli nothing blurr'd tliose lines of favour, 
 VVIuch then he wore, the snatches in his voice. 
 And burst of speaking, were as his ; I'm uhsolnle, 
 'Twas very Cloten. Shakespeare's Cymbeline. 
 
 A'bsolutely, adv. [from absolute.] 
 1. Completely, without restriction. 
 
 All the contradictions, which grow in those 
 ininds, that neither absotntelu climb the rock of 
 virtue, nor freely sink into the sea of vanity. 
 
 Siitneu. 
 What merit they can build, upon having joined 
 with a prolcstant army, under a king they ac- 
 knowledge, to defend their own liberties and pro- 
 Ferties ; is, to me, absalutelu inconceivable ; and, 
 beliere, will equally be so for ever. 
 
 Suiift's Presb. Flea. 
 
 2. Without relation; in a state uncon- 
 nected. 
 
 Ahxulutely we cannot discommend, we cannot 
 nhsohitetij ap'^rovo, either willingness to live, or 
 forwardness to die. HtMhcr. b, v. 
 
 These then being the perpetual causes of zeal ; 
 the greatest good, or the greatest evil ; either ab- 
 solutely so in themseives, or relatively so to us; 
 it is therefore good, to be zealously aifected for 
 llie one against the other. Sprat's Sermous. 
 
 No sensible quality (as ligh% and colour, and 
 heat, and sound) can be subsistent in the bodies 
 tiiemselves absolutely considered, without a rela- 
 tion to our eyes and ears and other organs of 
 sense. These finalities are only the cHocts of our 
 sensation ; which arise from tlie different motions 
 upon our nerves, from objects without, according 
 tu their various modiiicattons and positions. 
 
 Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 S. Without limits or dependence. 
 
 The prince long time liad courted fortune's love ; 
 But, once possess'd, did absolutely reign: 
 Thus, with their Amazons, the heroes strove ; 
 And conquer'd first those beauties they would gain. 
 Drydens Annus Mirubilis. 
 4. Without condition. 
 
 And of that nature (for the most part) arc 
 things, absolutely unto all men's salvation neces- 
 sary, either to "be held or denied, either to be 
 done or avoided. Hooker's Preface. 
 
 .5. Peremptorily ; positively. 
 Being as I am, why didst not thou 
 Command me absolutely not to go. 
 Going into such danger, as thou saidst ? 
 
 Purad. Lost, b. ix. 
 
 A'bsoluteness. 71. s. [from ab.folnte.] 
 
 1 . Completeness. 
 
 2. Freedom from dependence, or limits. 
 The absoluteness and illiniitedness of his com- 
 mission was generally much spoken of. 
 
 Clarendon, b. viii. 
 There is nothing that can raise a man to that 
 generous abstUuteness of condition, as neither to 
 cringe, to fawn, or to depend meanly ; but that, 
 which gives hiiu that happiness within himself, for 
 which men depend upon others. 
 
 Souili's Scrm. 
 
 3. Despotism. 
 
 He kept a strait hand on his nobility ; and chose 
 rather to advance clergymen and la\vvers, w hich 
 were more obsequious to him, but had'less interest 
 in the people : whicii made for his absoluteness, but 
 not for his safety. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 They dress up power with all the splendor and 
 temptation absolutmess can add to it. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 A B S 
 
 Absolu'tion. n, s, [absoluiioj Lat.] 
 
 1. Acquittal. 
 
 Ahsoluiion, in the civil law, imports a full ac- 
 tptittal of a person by some final sentence of law ; 
 and, also a temporary discharge of his farther atten- 
 dance upon a mesne pnices.s, througii a failure or 
 defect in pleading : as it does likewise in tliecanuii 
 law; where, and among divines, it likewise signi- 
 fies a relaxation of him from the obligation of 
 some sentence, pronounced cither in a court of 
 law, or else inforojutmtaitiali. Thu.s there is, in 
 this kind of la^v, one kind of uhsMuiiony termed 
 judicial ; and another, styled a declaratory *'r 
 extrajudicial absohituni. 
 
 Aiitijfe's Parergon Jtir'is Ca)ton'u-'t. 
 
 2. The remission of sins, or penance, de ' 
 clared by ecclesiastical authority. 
 
 The absoltithn pronounced by a priest, whether 
 papist or jirotestant, is not a certain iiifulllhle 
 ground to give the person, so absolved, confid- 
 ence towards God. Smith's Sermons. 
 
 A'bsolutory. adj. [ahsohiioriHs^ Lat.] 
 That, which absolves. 
 
 Thoun;li an uhsoliitory .sentence should be ])ro- 
 nounceJ in favour <»f the persons, upon live ac- 
 count of nearness of blood ; yet, if aduUeiy shall 
 afterwards be truly proved, he may bcatrnin pro- 
 ceeded against as an a-^'ulterer. Aiiliffe's rarergon. 
 
 A'bsonant. adj, [See Absonols.] 
 Contrary to reason ; wide from the 
 purpose. 
 
 A'bsonous. adj, [ahsomts, Lat. ill- 
 sounding.] Absurd, contrary to reason. 
 It is not much in use ; antl it may be 
 doubted, whether it should be followed 
 by to or from. 
 
 To suppose an uniter of a middle constitution^ 
 that should partake of some of the qualities of 
 both, is unwarranted by any of our faculties ; yea, 
 most uhsonoiLS to our reason. 
 
 Clanvilte''s Scepsis. Scienti/ica, c. 4. 
 
 7^0 Abso'rb, v. a. [absorbco^ Lat. preter. 
 absorbed 'y pait. pret. absorbed, or ab- 
 sorpl.] 
 
 1. To swallow up. 
 
 Moses imputed the deluge to tlie di5rupti(m of 
 the abyss ; and St. Peter to the particular consti- 
 tution "of that earth, which made it obnoxious to 
 be absorpt in water. Barn. Theorti. 
 
 Some tokens shew 
 Of fearless friendship, and their sinking mates 
 Sustain ; vain love, tho' laudable, absorpt 
 llv a fierce eddy, they together found 
 The vast profundity. Phillips. 
 
 2. To suck up. See Absorbent. 
 
 TIh- evils that come of exercise are, that it dotli 
 absorb and attenuate the moisture of the body. 
 
 BdCOil. 
 
 Supposing the foremen t toned consumption 
 should prove so durable as to adsorb and extenuate 
 the said sanguine parts to an extreme degree ; it is 
 evident, that the fundamental parts must neces- 
 sarily cume into danger. Harrei] on Const tmptuyiis. 
 \\'hile we perspire we absorb tlie outward air. 
 
 Arbuthuot. 
 
 Abso'rbent. n. s. [absorben.Sy Lat.] 
 
 A medicine that, by the softness or 
 
 porosity of its parts^ either eases the 
 
 asperities of pungent humours, or dries 
 
 away superfiuous moisture in the body. 
 
 Quinctf. 
 There is a third class of substances, connuonlv 
 called absorbents ; as, the various kinds of shells, 
 coral, chalk, crabs* eye, &c. which likewise raise 
 an etiervescence willi acifls, and are therefore 
 called alkalis ; thougli not so properlv. for they 
 are not salts. Arbiitknot on Aliment's. 
 
 Abso'rpt. 2)arl. [from absorb.] Swal- 
 lowed up; used as well in a figurative 
 sense, of persons ; as in the primitive, 
 of things. 
 
 A B S 
 
 What can ycu expect from a man, who has not 
 talked these five days ? who is withdrawin*^ his 
 thoughts, as far as he can, from all the pre^eiic 
 World, its customs, and its manners, to be fullv 
 possessed and ahsoryt in the past. Popes LetU-rt. 
 
 Abso'rption. 71. s. [irom absorb,] The 
 act of swallowing up. 
 
 It was bel<»w the dignity of tliose sacred pfn- 
 men, or the Spirit of God" that directed tiiein, ly 
 shew us the causes of this disruption, or of lliis 
 absorption : this is left to tlic enquiries of men. 
 
 Burnet's Theory of the Earth. 
 
 To AliSTA'IX. r. w. [abstVuo, Lat.] 
 To forbear, to deny one's self any grati- 
 fication ; with the particle from. 
 
 If thou judge it hard and ditficult, 
 Conversing, looking, loving, to abstain 
 J'rom love's due riles, nuptial embraces sweet; 
 And, with desire.'!, to languisii without hope. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lt>st, b. x. /. 99;). 
 To he perpetually longing, and imp.aieDtly de- 
 sirous of any thing, so tiiai a man cannot aw/am 
 JroiH it ; is to lose a man's liberty, and to become 
 a servant of meat and drink or smoke. 
 
 Taylor's Rule of living holy. 
 Even then the doubtful billows scarce abstain 
 Frui7i the to;s'd vessel on the troubled main. 
 
 Dryd. Vi)gil, 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUS. adj. [abstemius, Ut.] 
 TeiTiperate, sober, abstinent, refraining 
 from excess or pleasures. It is used of 
 persons ; as, an abstemious hermit : 
 and of things ; as an abstemious diet. 
 It is spoken likewise of things, XhtX 
 cause temperance. 
 
 The instances of longlevity are chiefly amongst 
 the abstemious. Abstinence in extremity ^^ill 
 prove a mortal disease; but the experiments of 
 it are very rare. Arbuthuot on Alimtnts. 
 
 Clytorcan streams the love of wine expel ; 
 Such is the virtue of the abstemious well : 
 Whether the colder nymph that rules the tlood, 
 Extinguishes and balks the drunken god ; 
 Or tliat xMelanipus (^so have some assur'd) 
 When the mad Fraitides with charms he cur'd. 
 And pow'rful herbs, both cliarms and simples cast 
 Into the sober sprint:, where still their virtues last, 
 
 Dryd. Fab. 
 
 Aeste'miously, adv. [G:om abste7»ioiis.] 
 Temperately, soberly, without indul- 
 gence. 
 
 Abste'miousness. v.s. [See Abste- 
 mious.] The quality of being abste- 
 mious. 
 
 Abste'ntion, 71. s. [£romabsti/ico, Lai.] 
 The act of holding off, or restraining ; 
 restraint. Diet. 
 
 To AHSTE'RGE. v. a. [abstergo, Lat.] 
 To cleanse by wiping ; to wipe. 
 
 Abste'rgent. adj. Cleansing; having 
 a cleansing quality. 
 
 roABSTERSE. [See Absterge.] To 
 cleanse, to ]>urify : a word very little 
 in use, and less analogical than absterge. 
 \or will we atHnn, tliat iron receivclh, iu the 
 stomach oi' the ostrich, no alteration ; but we sus- 
 pect this cliVet, rjither froni corrosion than diges- 
 tion ; not anv tendency to chilillcation by the i'a- 
 tural heat, but rather some attrilion from an acid 
 and vitriolous lunnidity in the stomach, which ninv 
 absterst and shave tlie scorious parts thereof. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar ErroarSt h. iii. 
 
 Abste'rsion. n. s. [absicrsioy Liit.] 
 The act of cleansing. See Absterge, 
 
 Abstersion is plainly a scouring oil", or incision of 
 the more viscous humours, and making the hu- 
 mours more liuid, and cutting between them and 
 the part; as is found in introus water, wltith 
 scuureth linen cloth speedily from the fouhiess. 
 Bacms hat. Hist. No. lit 
 
 11
 
 A B S 
 
 Abstk'rsive. adj. [from absterge.'] 
 That has the quality of absterging or 
 
 cleansing. 
 
 It i:? good, after purging, to use apozemes and 
 broths ; not so much opening as those used before 
 purging; hni abstersive and mundifying clysters 
 aiso iire good to concKide with, to draw away the 
 reliques of tlie humours. Bacons Nut. Hht. 
 
 A tablet stood of that ahstersh'e tree, 
 "Where .i^tliiop's swarthy bird did build to nest. 
 Sir John Denham. 
 
 There, many a flow'r ahstersive grew, 
 Thy f;iv"rite flow'rs of yellow hue. Su'ifVs 31m. 
 
 A'bstinence. n. s. [abstinent ia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Forbearance of any thing; with the< 
 particle /;'o?7i. 
 
 Because the abstinence from a present pleasure, 
 that otters itself, is a pain ; nay, oftentimes a very 
 great one : it is no wonder that, that operates after 
 the same manner pain does ; and lessens, in our 
 thoughts, what is future ; and so forces us, as it 
 were, blindfold into its cnibrates. Locke. 
 
 2. Fasting, or forbearance of necessary 
 food. It is generally distinguished from 
 temperiuice, as the greater degree from 
 the less : sometimes as single perform- 
 ancesj from habits; as, a day of ab- 
 stineiice, and a life of temperance. 
 
 Say, can 3^iu fast? your stomachs are too young ; 
 And utstnie/ice engenders maladies. 
 
 Sbakesp. Love's Labour Lost. 
 And the faces of them, which have used ab- 
 stincncCy shall shine above the stars ; whereas our 
 faces shall be blacker than darkness. 
 
 2 Esdras, vii. 55. 
 Religious men, who hither must be sent. 
 As awful guides of heavenly government ; 
 To teach you penance, fasts, and abstinence, 
 To punisK bodies for the soul's oftcnce. 
 
 Dryden's Indian Emp. 
 
 A'bstinency. w. s. The same with 
 Abstinence. 
 
 Were our rewards, for the abstinencies or riots 
 of this present life, under the prejudices of short 
 or finite ; the promises and threats of Christ would 
 lose much of their virtue and energy. 
 
 Hamvwnd's Fundain. 
 
 A'bstinent. adj. [absfincns, Lat.] 
 That uses abstinence; in opposition to 
 covetous, rapacious, or luxurious. It 
 is used chiefly of persons, 
 
 Absto'rted. adj. [abstoi^tuSj Lat.] 
 Forced away ; wrung from another by 
 violence. Diet. 
 
 To ABSTRA'CT. v. a. [abstraho, Lat.] 
 
 1. To take one thing from another. 
 
 Could we abstract from these pernicious etTects, 
 and suppose this were innocent ; it would be too 
 light, to be matter of praise. Decay of Fiety. 
 
 2. To separate by distillation. 
 
 Having dephlegmed spirit of salt, and pently 
 abstracted the whole spirit, there remaineth ni the 
 retort a styptical substance. Boyle. 
 
 3. To separate ideas. 
 
 Those, who cannot distinguish, compare, and 
 abstract, would hardly be atile to understand and 
 make use of language, or judge or reason to any 
 tolerable degree. Locke. 
 
 4. To reduce to an epitome. 
 
 If we would fix in the memory the discuurses 
 we hear, or what we design to ?peak ; let us ab- 
 stract them into brief compends, and review them 
 often. Watt's Imp. of the Mind. 
 
 A'bstract. adj. [absfractus, Lat. See 
 the verb To Abstract.] 
 
 L Separated from something else : gene- 
 rally used with relation to mental per- 
 ceptions ; as, abstract mathematics, ab- 
 stract terms, in opposition to concrete. 
 
 A B s 
 
 Rlatheraatics, in its latitude, is usually divided 
 into pure and mixed : and, thougii the pure do 
 handle only abstract quantity in general, as geo- 
 metry, arithmetic ; yet that, which is mixed, doth 
 consider the quantity of some particular determi- 
 nate subject : so astronomy handles the quantity 
 of heavenly motions; music, of sounds; and 
 mechanics, of weights and powers. 
 
 Wilkinss Mathematical Magic. 
 
 Abstract terms signify the mode or quality of a 
 being, without any regard to the subject in whicii 
 it is ; as whiteness, rounchicss, Icngtli, breadth, 
 wisdom, mortality, life, death. tCutti's Logic. 
 
 2. With the particle />'o;». 
 
 Another fruit from {he considering things in 
 themselves abstract from our opinions and other 
 men's notions and discourses on them, will be; 
 that each man will pursue his thoughts in that 
 method, which will be most agreeabte to the na- 
 ture of the thing, and to his apprehension of what 
 it suggests to hnn. Locke. 
 
 ABSTRACT, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A smaller quantity, containing the vir- 
 tue or power of a greater. 
 
 You shall there find a man, who is the abstract 
 Of all faults all men follow. Shakes. Ant. 6^ Cleop. 
 
 If you are false, these epithets are small ; 
 You're then the things, and abstractor them all. 
 
 Dryd. Aar. 
 
 2. An epitome made by taking out the 
 principal parts. 
 
 When Mnemon came to the end of a chapter, 
 he recollected the sentiments be had remarked ; so 
 that he could give a tolerable analysis and abstract 
 of every treatise he had read, just after he had 
 finished it. Watts's Imp. of the Mind. 
 
 3. The state of being abstracted or dis- 
 joined. 
 
 The liearts of great princes, if they be con- 
 sidered, as it were in (i6s(r«rf, without the neces- 
 sity of states, and circumstances of time, can take 
 no full and proportional pleasure in the exercise of 
 any narrow bounty. Wotton. 
 
 Abstra'cted. part. adj. [£rom abstract.] 
 
 1. Separated; disjoined. 
 
 That space, the evil one abstracted stood 
 From his ow n evil ; and, for the time, remain'd 
 Stupidly good. Milton. 
 
 2. Refined ; purified. 
 Abstracted spiritual love, they like 
 
 Their souls exhal'd. Donne. 
 
 3. Abstruse; difficult. 
 
 4. Absent of mind, inattentive to present 
 objects ; as, an abstracted scholar. 
 
 Abstra'ctedly. adv. With abstrac- 
 tion, simply, separately from all con- 
 tingent circumstances. 
 
 Or, whether more abstractedly we look. 
 Or on the writers, or the written book ; 
 Whence, but from heav'n, could men unskill'd in 
 
 arts ; 
 In several ages born, in several ])arts. 
 Weave such agreeing truths ? or how, or why 
 Should all conspire to cheat us with a lie ? 
 Unask'd their pains, ungrateful their advice. 
 Starving their gain, and martyrdom their price ! 
 Drydens BeUgio Laid. 
 
 Abstra'ction. 71. s. [abstraction Lat.] 
 
 1 , The act of abstracting. 
 
 The word abstraction signifies a withdrawing 
 some part of an idea from other parts of it ; by 
 which means such abstracted ideas are formed, as 
 neither represent any thing corporeal or spiritual ; 
 that is, any thing peculiar or proper to mind or 
 body. M'att's Logic. 
 
 2, The state of being abstracted, 
 
 3. Absence of mind; inattention. 
 
 4. Disregard of worldly objects. 
 
 A hermit wishes to be praised for his abstraction. 
 Pope's Letters. 
 
 A B S 
 
 Abstra'ctive, adj. [from abstract.] 
 Having the power or quality of ab- 
 stracting 
 
 Abstrac'tly. adv. [from abstract.] In 
 an abstract manner ; absolutely ; with- 
 out reference to any thing else. 
 
 Matter, abstractly and absolutely considered, 
 cannot have born an infinite duration now past 
 and expired. Bcntley's Sermons. 
 
 Abstra'ctness, n. s. [from abstract.] 
 Subtilty ; separation from all matter or 
 common notion. 
 
 I have taken some pains, to make plain and 
 familiar to your thuuyhls, truths; which est^i- 
 blished prejmlice, or the (/^s/rar/ncss of the ideas 
 themselves, might render ditlicult. Locke. 
 
 Abstri'ctei). part. adj. [abstrictus, 
 Lat.] Unbound. Diet. 
 
 To Abstri'nge. v. a. To unbind. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To ABSTRU'DE. v. a. [abstrudo, Lat,] 
 To thrust off, or pull away. Diet, 
 
 Abstru'se. adj. [abstriisusy Lat. thrust 
 out of sight.] 
 
 1. Hidden. 
 
 Th' eternal eye, wiiose sight discerns 
 Abstrusest thoui-hts, from forth liis holy mount. 
 And from withni the golden lamps that burn 
 Nightly before him, saw, without their light. 
 Rebellion rising. 
 
 Milton sParad. Lost, h.v. 1.7V2. 
 
 2. Difficult ; remote from conception or 
 apprehension. It is opposed to obvious 
 
 and easi/. 
 
 So spake our sire, and byhis countenance seera'd 
 Ent'ring on studiuus thoughts rttsfj-wse. 
 
 Paradise Lost, 6. viii. 
 
 The motions and figures within the mouth are 
 abstruse, and not easy to be distinguished, especi- 
 ally those of the tongue ; which is moved, through 
 the help of man3- umscies, so easily and habi- 
 tually and variously ; that we are scarce able to 
 wive a judgment of motions and figures thereby 
 tramed. Holder. 
 
 No man could give a rule of the greatest beau- 
 ties, and the knowledge of them was so abstruse ; 
 that there was no manner of speaking, which 
 could express them. Dryd. Dufresnoy. 
 
 Abstru'sely. adv. In an abstruse man- 
 ner ; obscurely, not plainly or ob\'iously. 
 
 Abstru'seness. n. s. [from abstruse.] 
 The qualit}^ of being abstruse ; diffi- 
 culty, obacurity. 
 
 It is not oftentimes so much, what the scripture 
 says, as what some men persuade others it says, 
 that makes it seem obscure ; and that, as to some 
 other passages, that are so indeed, (since it is the 
 ahstruseness of what is taught in them, that makes 
 them almost inevitably so) it is little less saucy, 
 upon such a score to find fault with the style of 
 the scripture, than to do so with the author for 
 making us but men. Boyle on the Scripture. 
 
 Abstru'sity. n. s. [from absti'usc] 
 
 1 . Ahstruseness. 
 
 2. That which is abstruse. A word sel- 
 dom used. 
 
 Authors are also suspicious, nor greedily to be 
 swallowed ; who pretend to write of secrets, to 
 deliver antipathies, sympathies, and the occult 
 abstrusities of thmgs. Bnnvns Vulg. Errours. 
 
 To Absu'me. I', a. [absumo, Lat.] To 
 bring to an end by a gradual waste; to 
 eat up. An uncommon word. 
 
 That, which had been burning an infinite time, 
 could never be burnt ; no, not so much as any 
 part of it : for, if it had burned part after part, 
 the whole must needs be absumed in a portion of 
 time. Hales Origin of Mankind, 
 
 ABSURD, adj. [absurdus, Lat.] 
 
 12
 
 •ABU 
 
 1. Unreasonable; without judgment, as 
 used of men. 
 
 Seeming wise men mav make shift to get opi- 
 nion ; but let no man cliuse tliem for employ- 
 ment ; for certainly you had belter take for ousi- 
 ness a man somewhat absurd, than over formal. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 A man who cannot write with wit on a proper 
 
 subject, is dull and stupid ; hut one who shews it 
 
 in an improper place, is as impertinent and absurd. 
 
 Addison, Spectator, No. 291. 
 
 2. Inconsistent, contrary to reason; used 
 of sentiments or practices. 
 
 The thing itself appeared desirable to him ; and 
 accordingly he could not but like and desire it : 
 but theu,"'it was after a very irrational absurd way, 
 and contrary to all the methods and principles of 
 a rational agent ; which never wills a thing really 
 and properly, but it applies to the means, by 
 which it is to be acquired. South's Sermons. 
 
 But grant, that those can conquer, these can 
 cheat ; 
 Tis phrase absurd, to call a villain great : 
 Who wickedly is wise, or madly brave. 
 Is but tlie more a fool, the more a knave. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Man. 
 
 Absu'rdity. n. s. [from absurd.'] 
 
 1. The quality of being absurd; want of 
 judgment, appHed to men; want of 
 propriety, applied to things. 
 
 How clear soever this idea of the infinity of 
 number be, there is nothing more evident, than 
 the absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite num- 
 ber. Locke. 
 
 2. That, which is absurd; as, his travels 
 were full of absurdities. In which 
 sense it has a plural. 
 
 That satisfaction we receive from the opinion of 
 some pre-eminence in ourselves, when we see the 
 absurdities of another, or wh.n we reflect on any 
 past absurdities of our own. Addison. 
 
 Ab'surdly. adv. [from absurd.] After 
 an absurd manner; improperly; un- 
 reasonably. 
 
 But man, we find the only creature ; 
 Who, led by folly, combats nature ; 
 Who, when she loudly cries Forbear, 
 With obstinacy fixes there ; 
 And, where his genius least inclines. 
 Absurdly bends his whole designs. Swift's Miscel. 
 
 We may proceed yet further with the atheist ; 
 and convince him, that not only his principle is 
 absurd, but his consequences also as absurdly de- 
 duced from it. Btntky's Sermons. 
 
 Absur'dness. n. s. [from absurd.] The 
 quality of being absurd ; injudicious- 
 ness ; impropriety. See Absurdity; 
 which is more frequently used. 
 
 Abu'n DANCE, n. s. [abondance, Fr.] 
 
 1. Plenty; a sense chiefly poetical. 
 .\t the whisper (if lliy word, 
 
 Crown'd abundanct spreads my board. Crashau-. 
 
 The doubled charge his subjects' luve supplies ; 
 Who, in that bounty, to themselves are kind : 
 
 So glad Egyptians sec their Nilus rise ; 
 .\nd, HI his plenty, their abundance find. 
 
 Dryd. Ann. Mir. 
 
 2. Great numbers. 
 
 The river Iim is shut up between mountains, 
 covered with woods of fir-trees. Abundance of 
 peasants are employed in hewing down the larg- 
 est of tliesp trees ; that, after they are barked arTd 
 cut into shape, are tumbled down. Addis, on Italy. 
 ". A great ([uantity. 
 
 Tlieir chief enterprizc was the recovery of the 
 Holy Land ;in which worthy, but extrera'elv dif- 
 ficult action, it is lamentable to remember "what 
 abundance of noble blood hath been shed, with very 
 small benefit unto the Christian state. 
 
 Si?- Walter Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 4. Exuberance; more than enough. 
 
 ABU 
 
 Fo' well 1 wot, most roiglit^ sovereign, 
 That all this famous antique history, ^ 
 Of some til' abundance of an idle brain 
 Will judged be, and painted forgery. Spenser. 
 
 Abundant, adj, [abundans, Lat.] 
 1. Plentiful. 
 
 Good, the more 
 
 Communicated, more abundant grows ; 
 llie author not impair'd, but houour'd more. 
 
 Paradise Lost, b. v. 
 ii. Exuberant. 
 
 If the vessels are in a slate of too great rigidity, 
 so as nut to yield ; a strong projectile raotion oc- 
 casions thcir'rupture, and hceraurrhages ; especial- 
 ly in the lungs, where the blood is abundant. 
 
 Arbuthjwt on Aliments. 
 
 3, Fully stored. It is followed sometimes 
 by iriy commonly by with. 
 
 Tlie world began but some ages, before those 
 were found out ; and was abundant with all things 
 at first, and men not very numerous ; and there- 
 fore were not put so much to the use of their wits, 
 to find out ways for livingcommodiously. Burnet. 
 
 4. It is applied generally to things, some- 
 times to persons. 
 
 The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, 
 
 long-suffering and diuTida?!? in goodness ai.d truth. 
 
 Exod. sxxiv. 6. 
 
 Abu'ndantly. adi\ [from abundant,] 
 
 1. In plenty. 
 
 Let the waters bring forth abujidantlv the moving 
 creature tliat hath life. Genesis, i. 20. 
 
 God on thee 
 Abundantlif his gifts hath also pour'd : 
 Inward and outward both, his image fair. 
 
 Paradise Lost, h. viii. 
 
 2. Amply, liberally, more than sufficiently. 
 
 Ye saw the French tongue abundantly purified. 
 
 Sprat. 
 
 Heroic poetry has ever been esteemed the great- 
 est work of human nature. In that rank has Aris- 
 totle placed it ; and Loneinus is so full of the like 
 expressions, that he ab un^ant I tj confirms tlie other's 
 testimony. Dryd. State of Innocence, Pref. 
 
 What "the example of our equals wiiuts of au- 
 thority, is abundantly supplied in the im -giuations 
 of friendship, and tlie repeated influences of a 
 constant conversation. Rogers's Serm. 
 
 To ABUSE, r. a, [ahutor, abusus, Lat.] 
 In abuse the verb s has the sound of 
 :: ; in the noun, the common sound. 
 1. To make an ill use of. 
 
 They tfiat use this world, as not abusing it ; for 
 tlic fashionof this world passeth awav. iCor.vii.Sl. 
 
 He has fixed and determined the time for our 
 rt-pcntance, beyond which he will no longer await 
 ihe perrcrseness of men, no longer suffer his com- 
 passion to be abused. Roger s Sermons. 
 
 '2. To violate; to defile. 
 
 Arachnc figured how Jove did abuse 
 Europa like a bull, and on his back 
 Her through the sea did bear. Spenser. 
 
 3. To deceive; to impose upon. 
 
 He perhaps, 
 Out of my weakness and my melanchoh', 
 As he is very potent with such spirits, 
 /l/)ust'5me to damn me. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Tlie world hath been much abused bv the opi- 
 nion of making gold ; the work itself I judge to 
 be possible ; but the means, hitherto propounaed, 
 areinilie practice) full of error. 
 
 BroiLJis Natural History, No. 126. 
 It imports tlie misreprestntation of the qualities 
 of things and actions to the common apprehen- 
 sions of men, abusing Xheir minds with false no- 
 tions : and so, by this artifice, making evil pass 
 for good, and good for evil, in all the great con- 
 cerns of life. " South's Sci-mons. 
 
 Nor Irt: with all tliese tempting uords abus\i ; 
 These tempting words were all to Sappho usM. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. To treat with rudeness ; to reproach. 
 
 ABU 
 
 1 am no strumpet ; but of life as honest 
 As you that thua abuse me. Shaketp. Othella. 
 
 But he raocked them, and laughed at them : 
 and abused them shamefully, and spake proudly. 
 
 I Mac. vii. 3J. 
 .Some praise at morning, what they blame at 
 iiiglii ; 
 But always think the last opinion right. 
 A muse By these is, like a mistress, us'd ; 
 This hour she's idoliz'd, the next abus'd. 
 
 Pope's Essaif on Criticism. 
 The next criticism seems to be introduced for 
 no other reason, but to mention Mr. Bickerstaff, 
 wliora the author every where endeavours to imi- 
 tate and abuse. Addison. 
 Abu'se. n, s. [from the verb abuse.] 
 
 1. The ill use of any thing. 
 
 The casting away things profitable for the sus- 
 tenance of man's life, is an unthankful abitse of the 
 fruits of God's good providence towards man- 
 kind. Hooker, b. v. 5 9. 
 
 Little knows 
 Any, but God alone, to value right 
 The guod before lam, but perverts best things 
 To v.oT5t abuse, or to their meanest use. 
 
 Parodist Lost, b. iv 
 
 2. A corrupt practice, bad custom. 
 
 The nature of things is such ; that if abuses be 
 not remedied, tliey will certainly increase. 
 
 Su'ijl for Advancement if Religion. 
 
 3. Seducement. 
 
 A\'as it not enough for him, to have deceived 
 mc ; and, through the deceit, abused me; and, 
 after the abu-^e, torsaken me : but, that he must 
 now, of all the company, and before all the com- 
 pany, lay want of beauty to my charge. 
 
 Sidney, h. ii. 
 
 4. Unjust censure, rude reproach, con- 
 tumely. 
 
 1 dark in light, expos'd 
 To daily fraud, contempt, abuse, and wrong. 
 
 Samson Agonistes. 
 
 Abu'ser. n. s. [from the verb abuse.] 
 
 1. He that makes an ill use. 
 
 2. He that deceives. 
 
 Next thou, the abuser of thy prince's ear. 
 
 Denham's Sophy. 
 
 3. He that reproaches with rudeness, 
 
 4. A ravishei*, a violater. 
 Abusive, adj. [from abuse.] 
 I. Practising abuse. 
 
 The tongue mov'd gently first, and speech was 
 low ; 
 Till wrangling science taught it noise and show. 
 And wicked wit arose, thy most ofritsiie foe. 
 
 Pope's Miscellanies. 
 Dame Nature, as the learned shew. 
 Provides each animal its foe ; 
 Hounds hunt the hare ; the wily fox 
 Devours your geese, the wolf your flocks ; 
 Thus envy pleads a natural claim 
 To persecute the muse's fame ; 
 On poets, in all times, abusive ; 
 From Homer, down to Poi>e's, inclusive. 
 
 Swift's Miscel. 
 
 2- Containing abuse ; as, an abtisive lam- 
 poon. 
 
 Next, Comedy appear'd witli great applause. 
 Till her licentious and abitsivc tongue 
 Waken'd the magistrate's coercive power. Roscm. 
 3 Deceitful; a sense little used, yet not 
 improper. 
 
 It is verified, by a number of examples ; that 
 whatsoever is gained by an abusive treaty*, ought 
 to be restored in intes:riim. 
 
 Bacons Vonsidera. on JVar utth Spain. 
 
 Abu'sively. adv [from abuse.] 
 
 1, Improperly, by a A^Tong use. 
 
 The oil (a/)i/5iir/y called spirit) of roses swnms at 
 the toj) of the water, in the form of a white but- 
 ter ; ^v Inch I remember not to have observed in 
 any other oil drawn in any limbeck. 
 
 ^mfle's Sceptical CftymiVf. 
 
 2. Reproachfully. 
 
 13
 
 A C A 
 
 Abu'siveness. 71. s. [from abtise.'] The 
 
 quality of being abusive; foulness of 
 
 language. 
 Pick out of mirth, like stones out of thy ground, 
 
 Profaneness, filtbincss, ahnsiv€ness: 
 
 Thcst-are the scuiu, with which coarse wits abound ; 
 
 The fine may spare these well, yet not go less. 
 
 Herbert. 
 To ABU'T. r. w. obsolete, [aboutir, to 
 
 touch at the end, Fr.] To end at, to 
 
 l)order upon ; to meet, or approach to, 
 
 with the particle vpon. 
 
 Two niighty monarchies, 
 Whose high, uprearcd.and abutting fronts 
 The narrow perilous ocean parts asunder. 
 
 Shakcsjieare's Henrii V 
 The Looes are two several corporations, distin- 
 guished by the addition of east and west, abutt- 
 ing itpnn a navigable creek, and joined by a fair 
 bridge of many arches. Carew. 
 
 Abuttal, w. *. [from ahnt.'] The but- 
 ting or boundaries of any land. A wri- 
 ting declaring on what lands, high ways, 
 or other places, it does abut. Did. 
 
 Aru'tment. n. s. [from abut.'] That, 
 which abuts, or borders, upon another. 
 
 Abysm, n. s. [obi/sme, old Fr, now 
 wiitten contractedly abime,^ A gulf; 
 the same with abyss. 
 
 My good stars, tiiat were my former guides. 
 Have empty left their orbs, and shot their fires 
 Into the abxjsm of hell. Shake^). Ant. ^ Cirop. 
 
 Aby'sS. 71. S. [abi/SSUSi Lat. a^va-a-'k^ 
 bottomless, Gr.] 
 
 1. A depth without bottom. 
 Who shall tempt with wand'ring feet 
 
 Thf dark, nnbottom'd infinite ubuss ; 
 
 And, through the palpable obscure, find out 
 
 This uncoulliway. Mil. Par. Lost, b. ii. /. 405. 
 
 Thy throne is darkness, in tli' aftv^s of light ; 
 Ablaze of glory, tliat forbids the sight. 
 O teach me, to believe thee thus conceal'd ; 
 And search no farther, than thyself rcvcal'd. 
 
 Dry den . 
 Jove was not more pleas'd 
 With infant nature ; when his spacious hand 
 Had rounded this huge ball of earth and seas. 
 To give it the first push, and see it roll 
 Along the vast abyss. Addison, Guard. No. 110. 
 
 2. A great depth, a gulf; hyperbolically. 
 'j'he yawning earth disclos'd th' abyss of itell. 
 
 Drydens Virg. Georg. i. 
 
 5 In a figurative sense; that in which 
 
 any thin" is lost. 
 
 tor sepulchres themselves must crumbllnL; fail 
 In time's abyss, the common grave of all. 
 
 Drydcfis Juvenal, Sat- x. 
 
 If. discovering liow far we have clear and dis- 
 tinct ideas, we confine our thoughts within the 
 contemplation of those things that arc within the 
 reach of our miderstandings ; and launch not out 
 into that abyss of darkness, out of a presumption 
 that nothing is beyond our comprehension. Loche. 
 
 4. The body of waters, supposed at the 
 centre of the earth. 
 
 We are here to consider, %¥hat is generally un- 
 derstood by the great abyss, in the common expli- 
 cation of the deluge ; and 'tis commonly interpre- 
 ted, either to be tlie sea, or subterraneous waters, 
 hid in tlie bowels of the earth. Burnet's I'hcory. 
 
 5. In the language of divines, hell. 
 
 From that insatiable abyss, 
 Where flames devour, and serpents hiss. 
 Promote me to thy seat of bliss. Roscommon. 
 
 Ac, Ak, or Ake. 
 
 Being initials in the names of places, as Acton, 
 signify an oak, from the Saxon ac, an oak. 
 
 GU)Sons Camden. 
 
 ACACIA, n.s. [Lat.] 
 1. A drug, brought from ligypt; which, 
 being supposed the inspissated juice of 
 
 A C A 
 
 a tree, is imitated by the juice of sloes, 
 boiled to the same consistence. 
 
 Diction, de Comm. Savory. Trevatix 
 
 2. A tree, commonly so called here; tho" 
 different from that, which produces the 
 true acacia ; and therefore tenried pseu- 
 docacia, or Virginian acacia. Miller. 
 
 AcAnE'MlAL. adj. [from academy.'\ 
 Relating to an academy, belonging to 
 an academy. 
 
 Acaoe'mian. n.s. \iTom academy.'] A 
 scholar of an academy or university; a 
 member of an university. Wood, in 
 his Athenw Oxoniensis, mentions a great 
 feast made for the academians. 
 
 Acade'mick. n. s. [from academy^ A 
 student of an university. 
 
 A young academic sh:ili dwell upon a journal, 
 that treats of trade, and be lavish in the praise of 
 the author ; while persons, skilled in those sub- 
 jects, hear the tattle with contempt. 
 
 Watts' s Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 Acade'mick. adj. [academicus, Lat.] 
 Relating to an university. 
 
 While through poetic scenes llie penius roves, 
 Or wanders wild in academic groves. Dunciad, b.'iv. 
 
 Academical, adj. [academicus, Lat.] 
 Belonging to an university. 
 
 He drew him first into the fatal circle, from a 
 kind of resolved privareness : where, after the aca- 
 demical life, lie had taken such a taste of the rural ; 
 as I have heard him say, that he could well have 
 bent Ills mind to a retired course. Wotlon. 
 
 AcADEMl'ciAN. n.s. [academicien, l"r.] 
 The member of an academy. It is 
 generally used, in speaking of the pro- 
 fessors in the academies of France. 
 
 •\ca'demist. n.s. [ivom. academy.'] The 
 member of an academy. This is not 
 often used. 
 
 it is observed by the Parisian flcarfemjVs ; that 
 some amphibious quadrupeds, particularly the 
 sea-calf or seal, hath his epiglottis cxtraf)rdinarily 
 large. Rau on the Creation. 
 
 ACA'DEMY. n. s. [ancieiitly, and pro- 
 perly, with the accent on the first sylla- 
 ble, now frequently on the second. 
 Academia, Lat. from Academus of 
 Athens, whose house was turned into a 
 school, froiTi whom the Groves of Aca- 
 deme, in Milton.] 
 
 1. An assembly or society of men, uniting 
 for the promotion of some art. 
 Our court shall be a little academy. 
 Still and contemplative in living arts. 
 
 Shakesp. Love's Labour Lost. 
 
 ■2. The places where sciences are taught. 
 Amongst the academies, which were composed 
 by the rare genius of those great men, these four 
 are reckoned as the principal ; namely, the Athe- 
 nian school, that of Sicyon, that of Rhodes, and 
 that of Corinth. Dryde/i's Dufresnoy. 
 
 3. An university. 
 
 i. A place of education, in contradistinc- 
 tion to the universities, or public 
 schools. The thing, and therefore the 
 name, is modern. 
 
 ACA'i\ THUS n. s. [Lat] The name 
 of the herb Bear's-breech ; remarkable, 
 for being the model of the foliage on 
 the Corinthian chapiter. 
 
 On either side 
 Acanthus, and each od'rous bushy shrub, 
 Feuc'd up the verdant wall. Milt'. P. L. b.'iv.l.696. 
 
 A C C 
 
 AcaTALE'cTIC. n. «. [ixaraXrixltxii, Gr.] 
 A verse,which has the complete number 
 of syllables, without defect or superfluity. 
 
 To ACCEDE. V. a. [accedo, Lat.] To 
 be added to, to come to ; generally 
 used in political accounts ; as, another 
 power has acceded to the treaty ; that 
 is, has become a party. 
 
 7b ACCELERATE, v.n. [accf/tro, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To make quick, to hasten, to quicken 
 motion ; to give a continual impulse to 
 motion, so as perpetually to increase. 
 
 Tike new beer, and put in some quantity of 
 stale beer into it ; and see w hether it will not ac- 
 celerate the clarification, by opening the body of 
 |he beer, whereby (he grosser parti may fall down 
 into lees. _ "Bacon s Natural Histor'u, No. 307. 
 
 By a skilful application of those notices, may he 
 gained the accelerating^ and bettering of fruits, 'and 
 the emptying of mines, at much more easy rates, 
 than by the common methods. GlanriUe, Scepsis. 
 
 If the rays endeavour to recede from the densest 
 part of the vibration ; they may be allernalely ac- 
 celerated and retarded, by' the vibrations overtak- 
 ing them. _ Newton's Optics. 
 
 Spices quicken the pulse, and acctlerate the mo- 
 tion of the blood, and dissipate tlie fluids ; from 
 whence leanness, pains in tlie stomach, loathings, 
 and fivers. .irhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Lo ! from the dread immensity of space 
 Returning, with accelerated course, 
 The rushing comet to the sun descends. 
 
 Thomps. Sum. I. 690. 
 
 2. It is generally applied to matter, and 
 used chiefly in philosophical language; 
 but is sometimes used on other occasions. 
 
 In which council the king himself (whose con- 
 tinual vigilaucy did suck in sometimes causeless 
 suspicions, which few else knew ) inclined to the 
 accelerating a battle. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Perliaps it may point out to a student now and 
 
 then, what may employ the most useful labours of 
 
 his thoughts, and accelerate his diligence in the 
 
 most momentous enquiries. Watts. 
 
 Accelera'tion. n.s. [acceleratio,La.t.] 
 
 1. The act of quickening motion. 
 
 The law of the acceleration of falling bodies, dis- 
 covered first by Galileo, is ; that the velocities, ac- 
 quired by falling, being as the time in which the 
 body falls ; the spaces, through which it passes, 
 will he as the squares of the velocities ; and tlie 
 velocity and time taken together, as in a quadru- 
 plicate ratio of the spaces. 
 
 2. The state of the body accelerated, or 
 quickened in its motion. 
 
 The degrees of acceleration of motion, the gravi- 
 tation of the air, the existence or non-existence of 
 eraptyspaces, either coaccrvate or interspersed,and 
 many the like, have taken up the thoughts and 
 times of men in disputes concerning them. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 3. The act of hastening 
 
 Considering the languor ensuing that action in 
 some, and the visible acceleration it maketli of age 
 in most ; we cannot but think vencry much abridg • 
 eth our days. Broum. 
 
 To AGO END. v. a. [accendo, Lat.] To 
 kindle, to set on fire; a word very 
 rarely used. 
 
 Our devotion, if sufficiently occfnded, would (as 
 their) burn up innumerable books of this sort. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 AccENSiON. n.s. [accensio, Lat.] The 
 act of kindling, or the state of being 
 kindled. 
 
 Tlie fulminating damp will take fire, at a candle 
 or other flame ; and upon its accension, gives a 
 crack or report, like the discharge of a gun ; and 
 makes an explosion so forcible, as sometimes to 
 kill the muiers, shake the earth, and force bo- 
 dies (of great weight and bulk) from the bottom 
 of the pit or mine. Woodward's Nat. History. 
 
 14
 
 A C C 
 
 A CCEXT. n. s. [acccntiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. The manner of speaking or pronounc- 
 ing, with regard eitlier to force or 
 elegance. 
 
 I know, Sir, I am no flatterer : he, that beguiled 
 vou ill a plain accent, was a plain knave; which, 
 for ray part, I will not be. S}iakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. The sound, given to the syllable pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 Your accent is something finer, than jou could 
 purchase in so reinoved a dwelling. 
 
 Shakespcare^s As ijou like it. 
 
 3. In grammar, the marks made upon syl- 
 lables, to regulate their pronunciation. 
 
 Accent, as in the Greek names and usage, seems 
 to ha^•e regarded the tune of tlie voice ; the acute 
 accent raising the voice in some certain syllables, to 
 a higher, (i. e. more acute) pitch or tone ; and the 
 grave, depressing it lower ; and both, having some 
 emphasis, i.e. luore vigorous pronunciation. Holder. 
 
 4. PoeticaiQy, language or words. 
 
 H^w many ages hence 
 Shall this our lofty scene lie acted o'er, 
 Li states unborn, *aiid accents \ct unknown. 
 
 ^hakespettre's Julius Cirsar. 
 Winds! on your wings to heav'n her accents hear! 
 Such words, as heav'u alone is tit to hear. 
 
 Ury. rirg. Past. 3. 
 
 5. A modification of the voice, expressive 
 of the passions or sentiments. 
 
 The tender accent of a woman's cry 
 Will pass unheard, will unregarded die ; 
 When the rough seaman's louder shouts prevail. 
 When fair occasion shews the sprhiguig gale. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To A'ccENT. r. a. [from accentus, Lat.] 
 formerly elevated at the second syllable, 
 now at the first. 
 
 1 . To pronounce, to speak words with par- 
 ticular regard to the grammatical marks 
 or rules. 
 
 Having got somebody to mark the last syllable 
 but one, where it is lone, iu words above two 
 sjfllables ; which is enough, to regulate her pro- 
 nunciation, and accenting the word^s ; let her read 
 daily in the gospels, airdavoid understanding them 
 m Latin, if she can. Locke on Education, § 177. 
 
 2. In poetry; to pronounce or utter in 
 general. 
 
 O my unhappy lines I you that before 
 Have serv'd my youth, to vent some wanton cries ; 
 
 And noWjCongeal'd with griefjCan scarce implore 
 Strength to accent. Here my Albertus lies ! f rotten. 
 
 3. To write or note the accents. 
 
 To .\cce'ntuate. v. a. [accentiier, Fr.] 
 To place the proper accents over the 
 vowels. 
 
 Accentua'tion. ». s. [from accentuate.] 
 
 1. The act of placing the accent in pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 2. Marking the accent in writing. 
 
 To ACCEPT, t'. a. [accipio, Lat. accep- 
 ter, Fr.] 
 1. Totakewithpleasure; toreceivekindly; 
 to admit with approbation. It is distin- 
 guished from receive, as specific from 
 general ; noting a particular manner of 
 receiving. 
 
 Neither do ye kindle fire on my altar for nought. 
 I have no pleasure in you, saith'the Lord of hosts, 
 neither will I accept an oti'ering at your hand. 
 
 . Malachi, i. 10. 
 
 uod IS no respecter of persons : but, in every 
 nation, he that feareth him, and worketh riglite"- 
 ouTOess, is accepted witli him. Acts, i. 51, S5. 
 
 You have been graciously pleased toaccentthis 
 tender of ray duty. Dryd. bedication to his Fables. 
 
 Charm by accepting, by submitting sway ; 
 I et have your humour most, when you obey. Pope. 
 
 A C C 
 
 2. It is used in a kind of juridical sense; 
 as. to accept terms, accept a treaty. 
 
 Thcv slaughter'd many of the gentry ; fr»r whom 
 no sex* or age could bf accepted for excuse. Sidnei/. 
 
 His promise l*alam<Jii accepts ; but pray'd 
 To keep it better, than the first lie made. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 Those, who have defended the pruceedjngs of 
 our negnciatiirs at the treaty of Gertruydenburgh, 
 dwell upon their zeal and patience in endeavour- 
 ing to work the Frencli up to their demands, hut 
 say nothing of the probability, that France would 
 ever accept thein. Suift. 
 
 3. In the language of the Bible, to accept 
 persons, is to act with personal and par- 
 tial regard. 
 
 He will surely reprove you, if ye do secretly 
 acapt persons. Joh, xiii 10. 
 
 4. It is sometimes used with the particle of. 
 
 I will appease him with the present, that goeth 
 before me ; and afterward I will see liis face ; pcr- 
 adventure he will accept of rae. Genesis, xxxii. i^) 
 
 Acceptabi'lity. n. .¥. The quality of 
 being acceptable. See Acceptable. 
 
 He hath given us his natural blood to be sht-d. 
 for the remission of our sin.s, and for the obtaining 
 the grace aiid acceptabititu of repentance. 
 
 Taiilors Worthy Communicant ^ 
 
 Acce'ptable. adj. [acceptable, Fr. from 
 the Latin.] It is pronounced by some, 
 with the accent on the first syllable, as 
 by Milton; by others with the accent 
 on the second, which is more ana- 
 logical. 
 
 That which is likely to be accepted ; 
 grateful; pleasing. It is used with the 
 particle to, before the person accept- 
 ins:. 
 
 This woman, whom thou raad'st to be my help. 
 And gav'st me as th^' perfect gift, so good. 
 So fit, so acceptable, so divine. 
 That from her hand I could expect no ill. 
 
 Faradtse Lost, b. ii. 
 
 I do not see any other method left, for men of 
 that function to take, in order to reform the world, 
 tliaii by using all honest arts, to make themselves 
 acceptable to the laity. Swift. 
 
 After he had made a peace so acceptable to the 
 church, and so honourable to himself, he died w ith 
 an extraordinary reputation of sanctity. 
 
 Addison on Italij. 
 
 Acce'ptableness, n. s. [from accepta- 
 ble.] The quality of being accept- 
 able. 
 
 It wi'l tliereby take away the acceptableness of' 
 that conjunction. Grew' sCosmologia Sacra, b. ii. c. S. 
 
 Acceptably, adv. [from acceptable.] 
 In an acceptable manner; so as to please; 
 with the particle to. 
 
 Do not omit thy prayers, for want of a good 
 oratory : for he, that nrayeth upon God's account, 
 cares not what lie suners, so he be the friend of 
 Christ ; nor where nor when he prays, so he mav 
 do it frequently, fervently, and ucce/Xat/i/. Tavlor. 
 If you can teach them, to love and respect otlier 
 people ; they will, as your age requires it, find 
 ways to express it acce'ptablu to every one. 
 
 X^cke on Education, § li5. 
 Acce'ptance. n. s. [acceptance, Fr.] 
 I. Reception with approbation. 
 
 By that acceptance of his sovereignty, ihev also 
 accepted of his laws ; why then should anyotlier 
 laws now be used amongst them.' 
 
 Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 ^ If he tells us his noble deeds, we must also tell 
 him our noble acceptance of them. 
 
 Shakespeare's Corutlanus. 
 Thus I imbolden'd spake, and freedom us'd 
 Permissive, and acceptance found. 
 
 Paradise Lost, b, viii. L 435. 
 
 A C C 
 
 Some men cannot be fools with so good accept- 
 ance as others. .South^s Sermons. 
 
 2. The raeaningof a word, as it is received 
 or understood ; acceptation is the word 
 now commonly used. 
 
 That pleasure is man's chicfest good, becaD<e 
 indeed it is the perception of good that is proj^erJy 
 pleasure, isan assertion raostcertainly true; tlioutn 
 under the common acceptance of it, not only fahc 
 but odious : for, accorciiug to tliis, pleasure and 
 sensuality pass for terras equivalent ; and tlierefore 
 he, w ho takes it in this sense, alters the subjecK.f 
 the discourse. Smttli, 
 
 Acce'ptance. [in law.] The receiving 
 of a rent, whereby the giver hinds him- 
 self for ever, to allow a former act done 
 by another, whether it be in itself goal 
 or not. Cnwill. 
 
 Accepta'tion. n. s. [from accept.'] 
 
 1. Reception, whether good or bad. Tin's 
 large sense seems now wholly out of use. 
 
 Yet, poor soul ! knows he no other, but that 1 
 do suspect, neglect, yea, and detest him ? For, 
 every day, he finds one way or other, to set forth 
 himself unto me ; but all are rewarded with hkc 
 coldness of accqytation. Sidnev, b. ii. 
 
 What is new, finds better accr/itntion, llian»Nh»t 
 is •ftiod or great. _ Venham's Suphy. 
 
 2. Ciood reception, acceptance. 
 
 Cain, envious of the accqitation of his brtlher's 
 prayer and sacrilice. slew hira ; making himself tlie 
 (irst mauslayer, and his brother the first martyr. 
 Palei^h's Ilistnrii of the World,'b. i. 
 
 3. The state of being acceptable; regard. 
 Some things, although not so required of neces- 
 sity ; that, to leave them undone, excludeth from 
 sahation , are, notwithstanding, of so great di"- 
 nity and acceptation with God, that most amf>[e 
 reward in lieaven is laid up for them. Hooker, b. ii. 
 
 They have those enioyraents, only as the conse- 
 quences of the state of esteem and acceptation ihej 
 are in with their parents and goyemours. 
 
 Locke on Education, i 53. 
 
 4. Acceptance in the jiu-idical sense. This 
 sense occurs rarely. 
 
 As, in order to the passing away a ihingby gift, 
 tliere is required a surrender of all right, on his 
 part that gives ; so there is required afsoanaccgi- 
 tation on his part to whom it is given. 
 
 South's Sennons. 
 
 5. The meaning of a word, as it is com- 
 monly received. 
 
 Thereupon tlie earl of Lauderdale made a dis- 
 course upon the several questions, and what ac- 
 ceptation these words and expressions had. 
 
 CLircndon, b. Wii. 
 
 All matter is either fluid or solid, in a larce 
 acceptation of the words; that they niaycomprehend 
 even all the middle degrees, betweeii extreme fix- 
 edness and coherency, and the most rapid intestine 
 raotion of the particles of bodies. Be?ttleij's Serm. 
 
 Acce'ptek. n. s. [from accept.] The 
 person that accepts. 
 
 .\cceptila'tion. n. s. [accept Hat io, 
 Lat.] A term of the civil law ; importing 
 the remission of a debt, by an acquittance 
 from the creditor; testif3-ing the receipt 
 of money, which has never been paid. 
 
 Acce'ption. n. s. [acception, Fr. from 
 acceplio, Lat.] The received sense ot 
 a word ; the meaning. Not in use. 
 
 That this hath been esteemed the due and jiro- 
 per acception of this word, I shall testify by one 
 evidence, which gave me the lirst hint o'f th'is no- 
 tion. Hammond on Fundamcntalt 
 
 ACCE'SS. n. s. [In some of its senses, it 
 seems derived from acccssus ; in others, 
 from accessio, Lat. acces, Fr.] 
 
 1. The waj-, by which any thing may be 
 approached. 
 
 1&
 
 A C C 
 
 The access of the town was only by a neck of 
 land. Bacon. 
 
 There remained very advantageous accesses, for 
 tcniplaticms to enter and invade men ; the fortifi- 
 cations being very shmdcr, little knowledge of im- 
 mortality, or any thing beyond this life ; and no 
 assurance, that repentance would be admitted for 
 gin. }^I{tmmond o?i Fiuidameiitals. 
 
 And here th' access a gloomy grove defends; 
 And here th' unnavigable lake extends ; 
 O'er whose unhappy waters, void of light. 
 No bird presumes to steer his airy flight. 
 
 Drhden s JEneid, vi. 
 
 2. The means, or liberty, of approaching 
 eitlier to things or men. 
 When we are wrong'd, and would unfold our 
 griefs ; 
 We are deny'd access unto his person, 
 Ev'n by those men that most have done us wrong. 
 
 Shahcspeare. 
 They go, commissioned to require a peace ; 
 And c'ari-y presents, to procure access. 
 
 Dnidcn!- .Eiici'd, viii. '. 209. 
 He grants what they besought ; 
 Instructed, that to God is no access 
 Without Mediator ; wliose high office now 
 Moses in figure bears. 
 
 3Iilton's Par. Lost, b. xii. /. 239. 
 o. Increase, enlargement, addition. 
 
 The gold was accumulated, and store treasures, 
 for the most part ; but the silver is still growing. 
 Besides, infinite is the access of territory and em- 
 pire, by the same enterprize. ^ _ Bacon. 
 
 Nor think su|>crfluous tlicir aid : 
 I, from the influence of thy looks, receive 
 Access in every virtue ; in thy siglit 
 More wise, more watchful, stronger. 
 
 Paradise Lost, b. is. 
 -Although to opinion, there be many gods, 
 mav seem an access in religion, and such as cainuit 
 at all consist with atheism; yet doth it deductively, 
 and upon inference, include the same : for unity is 
 the inseparable and essential attribute of Deity. 
 Broifns Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 10. 
 The reputation 
 Of virtuous actions past, if not kept up 
 \Vitli an access and fresh supply of new ones. 
 Is lust and soon forgotten. ' Denham's Sophi). 
 
 4. It is sometimes used, after the French, 
 to signify the retitrns or fits of a distem- 
 per; but this sense seems yet scarcely 
 received into our language. 
 
 For, as relajises make diseases 
 Blore desperate than their first accesses. Hudibras. 
 
 4'ccE.ssARiNESS. n. s. [from accessari/.] 
 The state of being accessary. 
 
 Perhaps this will draw us into a negative acces- 
 sariness to the mischiefs. Decay of Pitty. 
 
 A'cCESSARY. adj. [A corruption, as it 
 seems, of the word accessory, whicli see ; 
 but now more commonly used tlian the 
 proper word.] That which, without 
 being the chief constituent of a crime, 
 contributes to it. liut it had formerly 
 a good and general sense. 
 
 As for those things, that are accessarii hereunto ; 
 those things, that so belong to the way of salva- 
 tion, Sfc. Hooker, b. iii. § S. 
 
 He hath taken upon him the government of 
 
 Hull, without any apprehension or imagination, 
 
 that it would ever make him acce.'isarij to rebellion 
 
 Clarendon, b, viii. 
 
 Accu'ssiBl,^,. adj. [accessibilis, Lat. acces- 
 sible, Fr.] That whicli may be approacli- 
 ed; that which we may reach or arrive at. 
 It is applied, both to persons and 
 things, with the particle to. 
 
 Some lie more open to our senses and daily ob- 
 servation ; others are more occult and hidden ; and, 
 though accessible (in some measure) to our senses, 
 jet not without great search and scrutiny, or some 
 happy accident. Hale's Origin oJ'Mankind. 
 
 A C C 
 
 Those things, which were indeed inexplicable, 
 have been rackt and tortured to discover them- 
 selves; while the plainer and more accessible truths, 
 as if despicable while easy, are clouded and ob- 
 scured. Decay of Piety. 
 
 As an island, we are ncffs«6k on every side, and 
 cxjmsed to perpetual invasions ; against which it is 
 impossible to fortify ourselves suthVientlv, without 
 a power at sea. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 In conversation, tlie tempers of men are open 
 and accessible, tlieir attention is awake, and their 
 niindsdisposed to rcceivethc strongest impressions; 
 and, what is spoken, is generall\ more affecting, 
 and more apposite to particular occasions. Rogers. 
 
 Acce'ssion. n. s. [accessio, Lat. acces- 
 sion, Fr.] 
 
 1. Increase, by something added; enlarge- 
 ment, augmentation. 
 
 Nor could all the king's bounties, nor his own 
 large accessions, raise a fortune to his heir ; but, af- 
 ter vast sums of money, and great wealth gotten, 
 he died unlamentcd. Clarendon. 
 
 There would not have been found the ditferencc 
 (here set down) betwixt the force of the air, when 
 expanded, and what that force should have been 
 according to the theory ; but that the included inch 
 of air received soiue little accession, during the trial. 
 Boifle's Spring oj the .iir. 
 
 The wisest among tlie nobles began to appre- 
 hend the growing power of the peojjle; and there- 
 fore, knowing what an accession thereof would ac- 
 crue to them, by such an addition of property, 
 used all means to prevent it. Swift. 
 
 Charity indeed, and works of munificence, are 
 
 the proper discharge of sucli over-pro])ortioncd 
 
 accessions, iind the only virtuous enjoyment of them, 
 
 lioger's Senmnis. 
 
 2. The act of coming to, or joining one's 
 self to ; as, accession to a confederacy. 
 
 Beside, what wise objections he prepares. 
 Against my late accession to the wars? 
 Does not t"lie fool perceive, his argument 
 Is with more force against Achilles bctit? 
 
 Drijdeus Fables. 
 
 3. The act of arriving at ; as, tlie King's 
 accession to the throne. 
 
 A'ccESSORlLY. adv. [from accessori/.] 
 In the manner of an accessory. 
 
 Accessory, adj. Joined to another 
 thing, so as to increase it ; additional. 
 
 In this kind there is not the least action, but it 
 doth somewhat make to the accessory augmentation 
 of our bliss. Hooker. 
 
 A'ccESSORY. n. s. [accessorius, Lat. 
 accessoire, Fr.] This word, which had 
 anciently a general signification, is now 
 almost confined to forms of law.] 
 1. Applied to persons. 
 
 A man that is guilty of a felonious offence, not 
 })rhicipaly butby participation ; as, by command- 
 ment, advice, or concealment. And a man may 
 be accessory to the offence of another, after two 
 sorts ; by the common law, or by statute ; and, by 
 the common law, two ways also ; that is, before 
 or after the fact. Beforethe fact; as, when one 
 comraandeth or adviseth another to commit a fe- 
 lony, and is not present at the execution tliereof ; 
 for his presence makes him also a principal: where- 
 fore there caiuiot be an accessory before the fact, in 
 manslaughter; because manslaughter is stiddenand 
 imt prepensed. Accessory after the fact is, when 
 one receiveth him, whom he knoweth to have 
 couimittcd felony. ,4rcpssi>ri/ by statute is he, that 
 abets, comisels,'or hides any man committing, or 
 having committed, an off'ence made felony by 
 statute. Cowetl. 
 
 By the common law, the accessories cannot be 
 proceeded against, till the principal has received 
 ills trial. Spens. State of Ireland. 
 
 But pause, my soul ! and study, ere thou fall 
 On accidental joys, th' essential. 
 Still before acces.sories do abide 
 A trial, must the principal be try'd. Donne. 
 
 A C C 
 
 Now -were all transfonn'd 
 Alike, to serpents all, as accessories 
 To his bold riot. Miltms Far. Lost, b. x. I. 520. 
 2. Applied to things. 
 
 An accessori/ is said to be that, which does accede 
 under some principal fact or tiling in law ; and, as 
 such, generally speaking, follows the reason and 
 nature uf its principal. -^ytifie, 
 
 A'cciDENCE. n, s. [a corniption of ffcc/- 
 dentSf from accidentia^ Lat.] The little 
 book, containing the first rudiments of 
 grammar, and explaining the properties 
 of the eight ])arts of speech. 
 
 I do confess, 1 do want eloquence ; 
 And never yet did learn mine accidence. 
 
 Taylor the Water-poet, 
 
 A'CCIDENT. w. s. [acctdens, Lat.] 
 
 1. The property or quality of any being, 
 which may be separated from it, at least 
 in thought. 
 
 If she were but the body's accident. 
 And her sole being did in it subsist. 
 
 As while in snow ; she might herself absent, 
 And iivthc body's substance not be niiss'd. 
 
 Sir J. Davies. 
 
 An accidental mode, or an accident^ is such a 
 mode, as is not necessary to the being of a thing; 
 for the subject maj' be without it, and yet remain 
 of tliL' same nature that it was before ; or it is that 
 mode, which may be separated ur abolished from 
 its subject. Watts s Logiclu 
 
 2. In grammar, the property of a word. 
 
 The learning of a language is nothing else but 
 the informing of ourselves; what composures of 
 letters arc, by consent and institution, to signify 
 such cert'iin no: ions of things, with their moda- 
 lities and accidents. HohhT s Elements of Speech. 
 
 3. That Avhich happens unforeseen; ca-. 
 
 sualty, chance. 
 
 General laws are like general rules in physick ; 
 according whereunto, as no wise man will desire 
 himself to be cured, if there be joined with his 
 disease some sjjecial accident ; in regard whereof, 
 that, whereby others (in the same infirmity, but 
 without the rike«cci(/enf)recover health, would be 
 to him either hurtful, or at the least unprofit- 
 able. Hooker, b. v. $ 9. 
 
 The flood, and other accidents of time, made it 
 one common field and pasture with the land of 
 Eden. Raleigh's Hist, of the World, 
 
 Oar joy is turn'd 
 Into perplexity and new amaze ; 
 for, whither is he gone.'' What accident 
 Hath wrapt him from us ? Paradise Regained. 
 
 And trivial accidents shall be forborn, 
 Tliat others may have time to take their turn. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 
 The reformation owed nothing to the good in- 
 tentions of kinii Ht-nry. He was (inly an instru- 
 ment of it (as the logicians speak) by accident. 
 
 SwijVs MisceUanici> 
 
 Accide'ntal. n. s. [accidaifal, Fr. 
 See ACCIDENT.] A proj)erty non- 
 essential. 
 
 Conceive as much as you can of the essentials 
 
 of any subject, before you consider its accidentals. 
 
 ]\'atts's Lngick. 
 
 Accide'ntal. adj\ [from accidcnt.'\ 
 
 1. Having the quality of an accident, 
 nonessential ; used with the particle 
 to, before that, ia which the accident 
 inheres. 
 
 A distinction is lo be made between what pleases 
 naturally in itself, and what pleases upon the ac- 
 count o'f machines, actors, dances and circum- 
 stances which are merely accidental to llit- tragedy. 
 Rymers Tragedies of the last Age. 
 
 This is accidental to a state of religion, and there- 
 fore ought to be reckoned among the ordinary dif- 
 ficulties of it. Tiliotsun. 
 
 2. Casual, fortuitous, happening by 
 chance, 
 
 16
 
 A C C 
 
 Thy sm*8 not accidental, but a trade. 
 
 Sliukesp. Mcus. for Meas, 
 So shall you licar 
 Of affi/fen(rt/ JLidgtiicnts, casual slaughters; 
 Of deaths, put ou by cunuing and forc'd cause. 
 
 Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Look upon tilings of the most accidental and 
 mutable nature; accidental, in their pruductinn; 
 and mutable, in their continuance : yet God's pre- 
 science of tlicui is as certain in hiui,a5the iiieniory 
 of them is, or can be iu us. South's Sermons. 
 
 3. In the followinsf passage, it seems to 
 
 signify adventitious. 
 
 Av, such a minister as ^^ ind to fire ; 
 That adds an accidental fierceness to 
 Its natural fury. Denham's .Sopht/. 
 
 Accide'ntally. adv. [from accidental.] 
 
 1. After an accidental manner; nonessen- 
 tially. 
 
 Other points no less concern the commonwealth, 
 
 though but acrideji(o/ij/ doiieniiing iijion the former. 
 
 Spenser s .St. tf Inl. 
 
 I conclnde cholcr accidentally bitter and acri- 
 monious, but not in itself, llareeyon Consumptioiis. 
 
 2. Casually, fortuitously. 
 
 Although virtui*us men do sometimes acc(Went«//_y 
 
 make their way to preferment ; _>et the wurld is so 
 
 corrupted, that no man can reasonably hope to be 
 
 rewarded in it, merely upon account of his virtue. 
 
 Su'ifVs Miscellanies. 
 
 Acci de'ntaln ESS. w..?. [from ccc/rfen/fl/.] 
 The quality of being accidental. Diet. 
 
 Acci'piENT. n.s. [accipiens, Lat] A re- 
 ceiver, perhaps sometimes used for re- 
 cipient. Diet. 
 
 To Acci'te. ti. a. [accito, Lat ] To call, 
 to summons ; a word, not in use now. 
 
 Our coronation done, we will accite 
 (As I before remember 'd) all our state ; 
 And (heav'n consigning to my good intents) 
 No prince, no peer, shall have just cause to say, 
 Heav'n shorten Harry's happy life one day. 
 
 Shakcsp. Henri) IV. 
 
 Accla'im. n. s. [acclamo, Lat. from 
 which probably first the verb acclaim, 
 now lost, and then the noun.] A shout 
 of praise, acclamation. 
 
 liackfrom pursuit thy pow'rs, with loudacclaim. 
 Thee only extoll'd. Milton's Par. Lost,b. iii. l.S'J7. 
 
 The herald ends; the vaulted lirtnament 
 With loud acclaims and vast applause is rent. 
 
 Dryd. Fables. 
 
 Acclama'tion. n. s. [acclamaiio, Lat] 
 •Shouts of applause ; such as those, with 
 which a victorious army salutes the 
 general. 
 
 It hath been tlic custom of Christian men, in 
 token of tlie greater reverence, to stand, to utter 
 certain words ii( acclamation ; and, at the name of 
 Jesus, to bow. Hooker, h. v. ^ 29. 
 
 Gladly then he mix'd 
 Among those friendly pow'rs, who him recciv'd 
 With joy and acclamations loud, that one 
 ITiat (of so many myriads fall'ii) yet one 
 Return'd, not lo'st. Milt. Parad.'Lost, b. vi. ;. 23. 
 
 Such an enchantment is there in words ; and so 
 fine a thing does it seent to some, to be ruined 
 )ilausibly, and to be ushred to their destruction 
 witli panegyrick and acc/amatioK. South. 
 
 Accli'vity. n. s. [from acclivus, Lat.] 
 Tlie steepness or slope of a line inclining 
 to the horizon, reckoned upwards ; as, 
 the ascent of a hill is the acctivitt/, 
 the descent is the declivity. Quifici/. 
 
 Tlie men, leaving their wives and vounger chil- 
 dren below, do (not without some dilficulty ) clam- 
 ber up the acc(iiilits, dragging their klne with 
 them ; wliere they feed them, and milk them, and 
 make butter and cheese, and do all the dairy-w ork. 
 Ray OH the Creation. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 A C C 
 
 Accli'vous. adj. [acclivus, Lat.] Rising 
 
 with a slope. 
 To Acclo'y. v. a. [See CLOY.] 
 
 1 . To fill up, in an ill sense ; to crowd, to 
 stuff full ; a word almost obsolete. 
 
 At the well head the purest streams arise: 
 But mucky (iltli his braijciiing arms annoys, 
 And witli uncomely weeds the gentle wave aecloiis 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. To fill to satiety; in which sense, cloi/ 
 is still in use. 
 
 They, that csca|>e best in the temperate zone, 
 would be accloyed with lung nights, very tedi<,us, 
 no less than forty days. llau on the Creation. 
 
 To Acco'iL. t'.w. [See Coil.] To crowd, 
 to keep a coil about, to bustle, to be in 
 a hurry : a word now out of use. 
 
 About the cauldron many cooks accoil'd. 
 With hooks and ladles, as need did require ; 
 The while the viands in the vessel boil'd, 
 Thej did about their business sweat, and sorely 
 toil'd. Fairy Queen. 
 
 A'ccoLENT. n. s. [accolens, Lat.] He 
 that inhabits near a place; a borderer. 
 
 Did. 
 
 Acco'mmodable. adj. [accommodabilis, 
 Lat.] That, which may be fitted; with 
 the particle to. 
 
 As there is infinite variety in the circumstances 
 of persons, things, actions,' times, and places; so 
 we must be furnished with sucli general rules, as 
 are accommodable to all this varietv, by a wise 
 judgment and discretion. (Vatts's Lo<rick. 
 
 To ACCOMMODATE, i-. a. [accommodo, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To supply with conveniences of any 
 kind. 
 
 It has with before the thing. 
 
 These three 
 (Tlierestdoiiothing)witli this word, stand ! stand ! 
 Accommodated by the place (more charming 
 With their own nobleness, which could have turn'd 
 A distaff to a lance) gilded pale looks. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymheline. 
 
 2. With the particle to ; to adapt, to fit, to 
 make consistent with. 
 
 He had altered many tilings: not, that they 
 were ntit natural before ; but that he might accom- 
 modate himself, to the age in which he li\ed. 
 
 Vrydcn on Dramatic Poeti'tj. 
 
 'Twas his misfortune, to light upon an hypo- 
 thesis, that could not be accommodaiul to the nature 
 of things and human affairs : bis principles could 
 not be made to agree with that constitution and 
 order, which God liatli settled in the w(,rld. Locke. 
 
 3. To reconcile; to adjust what seems in- 
 consistent or at variance; to make con- 
 sistency appear. 
 
 Part know how to accommodate St. James and 
 St. Paul, better than some late reconcilers. Norris. 
 
 To Acco'mmodate. v. n. To be con- 
 formable to. 
 
 They make the particular ensigns of the twelve 
 tribes accommodate unto tiie twelve signs of the 
 zodiac. Brou-n. 
 
 Neither sort of cbymists have duly considered, 
 how great variety there is in the textures and con- 
 sistencies of compound bodies ; and how little the 
 consistence and duration of many of them seem to 
 accpmmodatc and be explicable 'by the proposed 
 notion. Boijlc'sScept. Chvm. 
 
 -Vcco'mmodate. adj. [accommodatu.s, 
 Lat.] Suitable, fit ; used iometiracs 
 with the particle for, but more fre- 
 quently with to. 
 
 They are so acted and directed by nature, as to 
 cast their eggs in such places as are most accom- 
 modate for Ihe exclusion of their youns; and 
 where there is food ready for them, so soon as they 
 be hatched. Ray on the Creatioii. 
 
 A C C 
 
 In these cases we examine the why, the what, 
 and the how, of things ; and propose means, ac- 
 commodate to the end. L' Estrange. 
 
 Goil did not primarily intend to appoint this 
 way (,f worship ; and to impose it upon them as 
 that, w hich was most proper and agreeable tu liini ; 
 but thai he condescended to it, as most accommo- 
 date to their present slate and ir.cliiiation. Tillot. 
 
 AccoMMODATELY. cdtt. [from accom- 
 modate.] .Suitably, fitly. 
 
 -Accommodation, n.s. l&om accommo- 
 date.] 
 
 1 . Provision of conveniencies. 
 
 2. Ill the plural, conveniencies, things re- 
 quisite to ease or refreshment. 
 
 The King's commissioners were to have such ae- 
 commodatium, as the other thought fit to leave to 
 them ; who had been very civil lo the king's com- 
 missioners. Clarendon, b.vVii. 
 
 3. Adaption, fitness ; with the particle to. 
 Indeed that disputing physiology is no accom- 
 modation to your designs ; wliicli are not to Icacli 
 men to cant endlessly about mat* r/aandyormo. 
 
 Glaniillc s .Scepsis. 
 The organization of the bod^', with accommoda- 
 tion lo its functions, is fitted Willi the must curious 
 mechanism. Hale's Origin. 
 
 4. Composition of a difference, reconcilia- 
 tion, adjustment. 
 
 Acco'mpanable. adj.[h'om accompany/.] 
 Sociable : a word now nut useil. 
 
 A show (as it were) of an accompanable sclilari- 
 ncss, and of a civil wildness. Sidney, b. i. 
 
 -Acco'mpanier. 71. s. [from accompany.] 
 The person that makes part of the com- 
 pany ; companion. Diet. 
 To ACCO'MP.VNY. v. a. [nccompagntr, 
 Fr.] To be with another, as a comj)a- 
 nion. It is used both of persons and 
 things. 
 
 Go visit her, in her chaste bower of rest. 
 Accompany d with angel-like delights. 
 
 Spenser, Stmnet iii. 
 
 The great business of the senses being to make 
 
 us take notice of what hurts or advantages the 
 
 body, it is wisely ordered by nature, that pain 
 
 shuiild accompany the reception of several ideas. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 As folly is usually accompanied with i>erversc- 
 
 ness, so it is here. Suiji's Short View rf Ireland. 
 
 To Acco'.mpany. v. n. To associate with; 
 to become a companion to. 
 
 No man in eticct doth accomjHtnif with others, 
 but he Icarnetli, ere he is aware, some gesture, 
 voice, or fashion. Bacon's .Vat. Hist. 
 
 Accomplice, n. s. [complice, Fr. from 
 complex, a word in the barbarous Latin, 
 much in use.] 
 
 1. An associate, a partaker; usually in an 
 
 ill sense. 
 
 There were several scandalous reports, industri- 
 ously spread by Wood and his accomjdicei, to dis- 
 courage all opposition against his infamous pro- 
 ject. Suft. 
 
 2. A partner, or co-operator; in a sense 
 indifferent. 
 
 If a tongue would be talking, without a moutli ; 
 w hat could it have done, when it had all its organs 
 of speech, and accomplices of sound about it? 
 
 Addison, Spectator, No. 247. 
 ,'}. It is used with the particle to, before a 
 thing; and tfiVA, before a person. 
 
 Childless .\rturius, vastly rich before, 
 Thus by bis losses multiplies his store; 
 Suspected for accomplice to tlie fire. 
 That burnt liis pidace, but to build it higher. 
 
 Dryd. Juv. Sat. 
 Wio, should they steal for want ofliis relief, 
 Hejudg'd himself (iccom;)h« uitit the thief. 
 
 Dryden't FabltM 
 
 D n
 
 A C C 
 
 To ACCOTVIPLISH. v. a. [accomplir.Fr. 
 from compleo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To complete, to execute fully; as, to 
 accomplish a design. 
 
 He, that is far off, shall die of the pestilence ; 
 and he that is near, shall fall hy the sword: and 
 he. that remaincth, and is liosieged, shall die by 
 tht famine. Thus will I accomjilish Tny fury upon 
 tliem. E:ekiel, vi. 12. 
 
 2. To complete a period of time. 
 
 He would accomplish seventy years in the deso- 
 lations of Jerusalem. Daniet, i.\. 2. 
 
 3. To fulfil ; as, a prophecy. 
 
 The vision. 
 Which 1 made known to Lucius ere the stroke 
 Of this yet scarce cold battle, at this instant 
 Is full accomplish'd. Shahesp. Cqmbeline. 
 
 We see every day those events exactfy accnm- 
 plkhed, which our Saviour foretold at so" gi-eat a 
 distance. Addison. 
 
 4. To gain, to obtain. 
 
 Tell him from me (as he will win my love) 
 He bear himself with honourable action ; 
 Such as he hath observ'd in noble ladies 
 Unto their lords, by them accomplished. 
 
 Shakesp. Tarn. of'aShr&w. 
 I'll make my heaven in a lady's lap. 
 Oh miserable thought, and more unlikely. 
 Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. 
 3. To adorn, or furnish, either mind or 
 body. 
 
 From the tents, 
 The armourers accomplishing the knights. 
 With busy hammers closing rivets up. 
 Give dreadful note of preparation. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Acco'mplished. particip. adj. 
 
 1. Complete, in some qualification. 
 
 For, who expects, that under a tutor a young 
 gentleman should be an accomplished public*k ora- 
 tor or logician. Locke. 
 
 2. Elegant; finished, in respect of em- 
 bellishments ; used commonly of ac- 
 quired qualifications, without including 
 moral excellence. 
 
 The next I took to wife, 
 (0, that I never had ! fond wish too late) 
 Was in the vale of Sorec, Dalila ; 
 That specious monster, ray accomplish'd snare. 
 
 Samson Agon. 
 
 Acco'mplisher. n.s. [from accomplish.] 
 The person that accomplishes. Diet. 
 
 Acco'mplishment. n. s. [accomplissc- 
 ment, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Completion,fiUl performance,perfection. 
 
 This would be the accomplishment of their com- 
 mon felicity ; in case, by their evil, either through 
 destiny or advice, they sutl'ered not the occasion 
 to be lost. Sir John Hayward. 
 
 Thereby he might evade the accomplishment of 
 those afflictions he now but gradually endureth. 
 Brown s Vnlg. E^'rors. 
 
 He thought it impossible to find, in any one 
 body, all those perfections, which he sought for 
 the accomplishment of a Helena; because nature, 
 in any individual person, makes nothing that is 
 perfect in all its parts. Dryden's Dujresrioy, Pref. 
 
 2. Completion ; as, of a prophecy. 
 
 I'he miraculous success of the apostles' preach- 
 ing, and the accomplishment of many of their pre- 
 dictions, which to th(»se early Christians were 
 matters of faith only, are to us matters of sight 
 and experience. Atterbury's Sermons. 
 
 3. Embellishment, elegance, ornament of 
 mind or body. 
 
 Young heirs and elder brothers, from their own 
 reflecting upon the estates they are bom to, and 
 therefore thinking all other accamvlishments un- 
 necessary, are of no manner of use, but to keep up 
 their families. Addison, Spectator, No. 123. 
 
 A C C 
 
 4. The act of obtaining or pefecting any 
 tiling : attainment ; completion. 
 
 I'hc means sucgestcd by policy and worldly 
 wisduiii, for tlieattainmentuflIio.se earthly ^njcy- 
 meitts, are unlit for that purpose ; not only upon 
 the account of their insutficiency for, but r.lsu of 
 their frequent opposition and contrariety to, the 
 accomplishment of such ends. Soutlis Sei'm. 
 
 Acco'mpt. n. s. [Fr. compter^ and comp- 
 te, anciently accomptcr. Skinne7\] An 
 accaimt, a reckoning. See Account. 
 
 Tlie .soul may have time, to call itself to a just 
 flcc()»i;ti of ail ihines past ; by means whereof re- 
 pentance is perfected. Hooker, b. v. § 46. 
 
 Each Christmas i\\ey accompts did clear, 
 An<i wound iheir bottom round tlie year. Prior. 
 
 Acco'mptant. «.,?. [accv?nptant,FT.] A 
 reckoner, computer. See Accountant. 
 
 As the accompt runs on, generally the accomp- 
 tant goes back^vard. South^s Sermons. 
 
 Acco'mpting day. The day on which 
 th€ reckoning is to be settled. 
 To whom thou much dost owe, thou much must 
 pay; 
 Tliink on the debt against th' accomptin^ day. 
 
 oir J. Denham. 
 
 To ACCO'RD. V. a. [derived by some 
 from corda^ the string oi a musical in- 
 strument ; by others from corda, hearts : 
 in the first implying harmony ; in the 
 other unanimity.^ 
 
 1, To make agree; to adjust one thing to 
 another; with the particle to. 
 
 The first sports, the shepherds shewed, were 
 full of such leaps and gambols ; as, being accorded 
 to tJie pipe which they bore in their mouths, even 
 as they danced, made a right picture of their chief 
 god Pan, and his companions the satyrs. Sidii. b.i. 
 
 Her hands acco-ded the lute's musick to the voice ; 
 her panting heart danced to the musick. Sidn. h.i'i 
 
 The lifi;hts and shades, wliose well accorded strife 
 Gives all the strength and colour of our life. 
 
 Pope's Epist. 
 
 2. To bring to agreement; to compose; 
 to accommodate. 
 
 Men would not rest upon bare contracts, with- 
 out reducing the debt into a specialty; which 
 created nmcn certainty, and accorded many suits. 
 
 Sir M. Hale. 
 
 To Acco'rd. v.n. To agree, to suit one 
 with another ; with the particle tvith. 
 
 Things are often spoke, and seldom meant : 
 But (^that my heart accordeth with my tongue, 
 Seeing the deed is meritorious. 
 And to preserve my sovereign from his foe) 
 Say but the word, and I will be his priest. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Several of the main parts of iMoses's history, as 
 
 concerning ihe flood, and the first fathers of the 
 
 several nations of the world, do very well accord 
 
 with the most ancient accounts of profane history. 
 
 TiUotson, Sermon i. 
 
 Jarring int'rests of themselves create 
 Til' according musick of a well-mixt state. Pope. 
 
 Acco'rd. n. 5. [accord, Fr.] 
 
 1. A compact; an agreement; adjustment 
 of a difference. 
 
 U'here was no means for him to satisfy all obli- 
 gations to God and man : but to oflcr himself for 
 a mediator of anaccord and peace between them. 
 Bacon s Hen. VII. 
 If both are sattsfy*d with this accord, 
 Swear by the laws of knighthood on my sword. 
 
 Dryiens Fables. 
 
 2. Concurrence, union of mind. 
 
 At last such grace I found, and means I wrought. 
 That I that lady to my spouse had won ; 
 
 Accord of frie'nds, consent of parents sought, 
 Affiance made, my happiness begun. 
 
 Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 A C C 
 
 1'hey gathered themselves together, to fight 
 with Joshua and Israel, with one accord. 
 
 Joshua, ix. 2. 
 
 3 . Harmony, symmetry, just correspond- 
 ence of one thing with another. 
 
 Beauty is nothing else but a just accord and 
 mutual harmony of the members, animated by s 
 healthful constitution. Drydens Dufresnoy, Pref. 
 
 4. Musical note. 
 
 Try, if there were in one steeple two bells of 
 unison, wliether the striking of tlie one would 
 move the other, more than if it were another 
 accord. Bacons Natural History, No. 281. 
 
 We must not blame Apollo, but his lute. 
 If false accords from her false strings be sent. 
 
 Sir J. Davies. 
 
 5. Own accord; voluntary motion : used 
 both of persons and things. 
 
 Ne Guyon yet spake word. 
 Till that they came untu an iron door, 
 ^^ hich to them open'd of its own accord. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Will you blame any nian for doing that of his 
 own accord, wliicii all men should be compelled to 
 do, that are not willing of tliemseives. Hooker, 
 All animal substances, exposed to the air, turn 
 alkaline of their own accord ; and some vegetables, 
 by heat, will not turn acid, but alkaline. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 6. Action in speaking, correspondent to 
 the words. 
 
 Titus, I am come to talk with thee;— 
 ■^No, not a word : how can I grace my talk, 
 Wanting a hand to gi^'e it that accord? 
 
 Shakespeare's Titus And. 
 
 Acco'rdance. w. s, [from accord.] 
 
 1, Agreement with a person; with the 
 particle with. 
 
 And prays he may in long accordance bide. 
 With that great worth, which hath such wonders 
 wrought. Fairfax, b. ii. stanz. 63. 
 
 2. Confoi*mity to something. 
 
 The only way of defining of sin, is by the con- 
 trariety to the will of God fas of o;ood, by the ac- 
 cordance witli that will. Hammond s Fundamentals. 
 
 Acco'rd ANT. adj. [accordant, Fr.] Wil- 
 ling; in a good Iiumour. Not in use. 
 
 The pirince discovered that he loved j^our niece; 
 and meant to acknowledgeit this night, in a dance ; 
 and if he found her accordanty he meant to take the 
 jiresent time by the top, and instantly break with 
 you of it. Shakesp. Much ado about Nothing. 
 
 Acco'rding. prep, [from accord, of 
 which it is projjerly a participle, and is 
 therefore never used but with to,] 
 
 1. In a manner suitable to, agreeably to, 
 in proportion. 
 
 Our churclics are places provided, that the peo- 
 ple might there assemble themselves in due and 
 decent manner, according to their several degrees 
 and orders. Hooker, b. r. ^ 13. 
 
 n'ding U 
 ^e? Wi 
 question, first, according to the true, saving, evan- 
 gelical knowledge. It should be according to the 
 gospel, the whole gospel : not only according to its 
 truths, but precepts; not only according to its free 
 grace, but necessary duties ; not only according to 
 its mysteries, but also it commandments. 
 
 Sprafs Sermons. 
 
 Noble is the fame that is built on candour and 
 ingenuity, according to those beautiful lines of Sir 
 John Denham. Addi^ti, Spectator. 
 
 2. With regard to. 
 
 God made all things in number, weight, and 
 measure ; and gave them to be considered by us 
 acccn-ding to these properties, which are inherent 
 in created beings. Holder on time. 
 
 3. In proportion. The following phrase 
 is, I think, vitious. 
 
 18 
 
 Our zeal then should be according to know- 
 ledge : and what kind of knowledge? Without ail
 
 A C C 
 
 A m»n may, "ilh prudtncc and a good con- 
 science, approve of the professed principles of one 
 
 partv inor't'than llic other, amirt/iii? as he thinlis 
 the/ best promote the good of cliurch and state. 
 Sicijis Church af England Man. 
 
 Acco'RDINGLY. adr. [from accord.] 
 
 Agreeabl)', suitably, conformably. 
 
 As the actions of men are of sundry distinct 
 kinds, so the laws tliereof must accor'diiigli/ be 
 distinguished. Ilwkir, b. i. 
 
 Sirrah, thou'rt said to have a stubborn soul, 
 Thjit apprehends no furtlier than this world; 
 And suuar'st thy life accontingly- 
 
 Shakespeare s Measure for Meas. 
 
 Whoever is so assured of ihc authority and sense 
 of scripture, as to belieie tlie doctrine of it, and 
 to live accmdinj'u, shall be saved. Tillats. Preface. 
 
 Mealy substances, ferjuenled, turn sour. Ac- 
 
 cordingli/, given to a weak child, they still retain 
 
 their nature ; for bread will give them the cholic. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments 
 
 To ACCOST. V. a. [accoster, Fr.] To 
 speak to first ; to address ; to salute. 
 
 You mistake, knight : acci^t her, front her, 
 board her, woo her, assail her. 
 
 Shakespeare^s Twelfth Kight. 
 At length, collecting all his serjient wiles. 
 With soothing words renew 'd, hiiu thus accosts. 
 
 Parad. Reg. 
 I first accosted him : I su'd, I sought ; 
 And, with a loving force, to Pheneus brought. 
 
 Dryden's ^jieid. 
 Acco'STABLE. adj. [from accost.] Easy 
 of access; familiar. Not in use. 
 
 Tliey were both indubitable, strong, and high- 
 minded men, yet of sweet and accostable nature, 
 almost equally* delighting in the press and afflu- 
 ence of dependents and suitors. M'otton. 
 
 ACCO'UNT. n. s. [from the old French 
 accompf, from compvtus, Lat. It was 
 originally written iiccompt, which see ; 
 but by gradually softening the pronun- 
 ciation, in time the orthography changed 
 to account.] 
 
 1. A computation of debts or expenses; a 
 register of facts relating to money. 
 
 At many times I brought in rav accounts, 
 Laid them before you : you would throw them off; 
 And say, you found tliem In mine honesty. 
 
 Shakespeare's Timon. 
 
 When my young master has once got the skill 
 of keeping accwmU (which is a business of reason, 
 more than arithmetic) perhaps it will not be 
 amiss, that his father from thenceforth require him 
 to do it in all his concernments. Locke on Educ. 
 
 2. The state or result of a computation ; as, 
 the account stands thus between us. 
 
 Behold, this have I found, saith the Preacher; 
 counting one by one, to find out tlie account. 
 
 Ecclesiasticus, \ii. 27. 
 
 3. Such a state of persons or things, as 
 may make them ntore or less worthy of 
 being considered in the reckoning. 
 Value, or estimation. 
 
 For the care, that they took for their wives and 
 their children, their brethren and kinsfolks, was 
 in least account with them : hut the greatest and 
 principal fear was, for the holy temple. 
 
 " 2 MaccSb. \\: 18. 
 
 That good aflecfion, which things of smaller 
 account have once set on work, is by so much the 
 more easily raised higher. Hooker, b. v. § 35. 
 
 I should make uuire account of tlieir judgment, 
 who are men of sense, and yet have never touched 
 a pencil ; than of the opinion, given by the 
 greatest jiart of painters. Vrydcn's Diifresn. 
 
 4. Profit; advantage; to /«;■« to account 
 is to produce advantage. 
 
 We would establish our souls in such a solid 
 and substantial virtue, as will turn to account in 
 that great day, when it must stand the test of in- 
 fimte wisdom and justice. Add. Sped. No. 399. 
 
 A C C 
 
 5. Distinction, dignity, rank. 
 
 There is such h peculiarity in Homer's manner 
 of apostrophizing Euma^us : it is generally ap- 
 plied, b^' thbt poet, onl^' to men of account and 
 distinction. Pope's Odtissey ; notts. 
 
 6. A reckoning verified, by finding the 
 value of a thing equal to what it was 
 accounted. 
 
 Considering the usual motives of human actions, 
 which are pleisure, profit, and anibitiun ; I can- 
 not y. t comprehend how those persons find their 
 account in any of the three. Suijt. 
 
 7. A reckoning referred to,or sum charged 
 upon any particular person ; and thence, 
 figuratively, regard; consideration, sake. 
 
 If he hath wronged tliee, or oweth thee au£;ht, 
 put that on my account. Philfmon, i. 8. 
 
 Tliis must be always reraerabercd ; that nojtiing 
 can come into the account of recrc:ition, that is nt»t 
 done with delight. Locke on Education, § 197. 
 
 In matters, where his juHgnicnt led him to op- 
 pose men on a public ucnwtnf, lie would doit vigo- 
 rou'^ly and heartily. Atterhurii's Serntoiu;. 
 
 The assertion is" our Saviour's, though uttered 
 by him in the person of Abraham the father of the 
 faithful ; who, un the account of tliai character, is 
 very filly introduced. Attcrbury. 
 
 These tribunes kindled great dissensions between 
 the nobles and the commons, on tlie accojtnt of 
 Coriolanus, a nobleman, whom the latter had 
 impeached. Sidji's Contests in Athens and Rome. 
 
 Nothing can reconunend itself to our love, on 
 any other account, but either as it promotes our 
 present, or is a means to assure to us a future hap- 
 piness. Fiogers's Sermon v. 
 
 Sempronius gives no thanks on lliis account. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 8. A narrative, relation; in this use it 
 may seem to be derived from conte, Fr. 
 a tale, a narration. 
 
 9. The review or examination of an affair 
 taken by authority ; as, the magistrate 
 took an account of the tumult. 
 
 Therefore is the kino-dom of heaven likened 
 unto a certain king, which would take account of 
 his servants; and, wlien he had begun to reckon, 
 one was brought unto him, which owed him ten 
 thousand talents. Matt. xix. '23, 24. 
 
 10- The relation and reasons of a transac- 
 tion, given to a person in authority. 
 
 \Vhat need we fear who knows it, when none 
 can call our power to account? 
 
 Shake.'ipeares Macbeth. 
 
 The true gro.und of morality can only be the 
 will and law^of a God, who sees men in tlie darL, 
 has in Ills hands rewards and punishments, and 
 power enough to call to account tne proudest offen- 
 der. Locke. 
 
 11. Explanation; assignment of causes. 
 
 It is easy fo give account how it comes to pas*;, 
 that thougli all men desire happiness, yet tlieii 
 wills carry them so contraril3'. Locke. 
 
 It being, in our author's acciumf, a right acquired 
 by begetting, to rule over those he had beijotKii, 
 it*\\a5 not a power possible to be inherited ; be- 
 cause the right, being consequent to, and built on, 
 an act perfectly personal, made that power so lo<}, 
 and impossible to be inherited. /xt'/ct". 
 
 12. An opinion previously established. 
 These were de.signed to join with the forces at 
 
 sea ; there being prepared a number of flat-bot- 
 tomed boats, to transport the land forces under 
 llie wing of the great navy : for tliev made no ac- 
 count, but that the navy should be absolutely mas- 
 ter of the seas. 
 
 Bacons Considerations on War uith Spain. 
 
 A prodigal young fellow, that Iiad sold his 
 
 clothes ; upon the siglitof a swallow iitade accourit, 
 
 that summer was at nand, and away went his shirt 
 
 too. L'Estrangc, Fab. tA-vvii. 
 
 13. The reasons of any thing collected. 
 
 Being convinced, upon all accounts, that they 
 hitd the same reason to believe tlie history of our 
 
 A C C 
 
 Saviour; as that of any other person, to which 
 they themselves were nut actually eye-witnesses ; 
 they were bound, by all the rules uftustorical faith 
 anci of riglit reason, to give credit lo this hi&tory. 
 
 Addison. 
 14. In law. 
 
 Account is, ui the common law, taken for a writ 
 or action, brought against a man ; that, by means 
 of office or bnsiiieis undertaken, is to render an 
 account imto another ; as a bailitf toward Ids mas- 
 ter, a guardian to Ins ward. Cuwell. 
 
 To Account, v. a. [See ACCOUNT.] 
 
 1 . To esteem, to think, to hold in opinion. 
 
 That also was accounted a land of giantJ. Deut. 
 
 2. To reckon, to compute. 
 
 Xeither the motion of the moon, whereby 
 months are computed, nor the sun, wherebv years 
 are accounted, consisleth of whole numbers. 
 
 Hroun's Vulgar Erroun, 
 
 3. To assign to, as a debt; with the par- 
 ticle fo. 
 
 For some years really accrued the yearly sum of 
 two hundreii thousand pounds lo the king's cof- 
 fers ; and it was, in trutn, the only project, that 
 was accounted to his own service. Clarendon. 
 
 4. To hold in esteem ; with of. 
 
 Silver was nothing accounted of, in the days of 
 Solomon. Cnron. 
 
 To Acco'uNT. I', n. 
 
 1 . To reckon. 
 
 The calendar months are likewise arbitrarily 
 and unequally settled, by the same power; by 
 which months we, to this day, account ; and they 
 measure and make up that wliich we call the Ju- 
 lian year. Holder on Time. 
 
 2 . To give an account, to assign the causes; 
 in Avhich sense it is followed by the par- 
 ticle /or. 
 
 If any one should ask, wh}' our general conti- 
 nued so easy to the last ? I know no other wav to 
 account for It, but by that immeasurable love of 
 wealth, wliich his best friends allow to be his pre- 
 dominant passion. Swift. 
 
 3. To make up the reckoning ; to answer ; 
 with /or. 
 
 Then thou shall see him plung'd, when least he 
 fears ; 
 At once accounting for his deep arrears. 
 
 Drydens Juv. Sat. xiii. 
 They have no uneasy presages of a future rec- 
 koning, wherein the pleasures they now taste must 
 be accounted for ; and may perhaps be outweighed 
 by the pains which shall tnen lay hold of them. 
 Atterbury's Sermmif. 
 
 4. To appear as the medium by which 
 any thing may be explained. 
 
 Such, as have a faullv circulation through the 
 lungs, ought to eat very' little at a time ; because 
 the increase of the quantity of fresh chyle must 
 make that circulation still more uneasy": which, 
 indeed, is the case of consumptive and some asth- 
 matic persons; aiidrtCCiJi/Hf.":;or the symptoms they 
 are troubled with after eatiiig. AHtutn. on AUmenis 
 
 Acco'lntable. adj. [from account.] Of 
 whom a^i account may be required ; 
 wJio must answer for: followed by the 
 particle to, before the person ; and /or, 
 before the thing. 
 
 Accountable to none 
 But to my conscience and my God aluue. Oldkem. 
 
 Thinking themselves excused from standing 
 upon their own legs, or beings accountable for their 
 own conduct, tliey very seldom trouble them- 
 selves with enquiries. Locke on Eilucatiim. 
 
 The good magistrate will make no distinctitm : 
 for the judgment is God's ; and he will look upon 
 himself as accountable at bis bar^or tlic equity of 
 it. Attt •'fcuri/'j Scrmtms. 
 
 Accou'ntant. ftdj. [from account.] .Ac- 
 countable to; responsible for. Not in 
 use. 
 
 19
 
 A C C 
 
 His oSeuce is so, as it appears 
 Accountant to the law upon tiiat pain. 
 
 Shakespeare's Meas.far Meas. 
 I love her too ; 
 Not out of absolute lust (though peradventure 
 I stand accountant for as great a sui) 
 But partly led to diet my revenge. 
 
 Shakespeare's Othello. 
 
 Acco'uNTANT. w. s. [See Accompt- 
 ANT.] A computer; a man, skilled or 
 employed in accounts. 
 
 The different compute of divers states ; the 
 short and irreconcileable years of some ; the ex- 
 ceeding errour in the natural frame of others ; 
 and tlie false deductions of ordinary accountants 
 in most. Broion's Vulgar Eirours 
 
 Acco'uNT-BOOK. n. s. A book contain- 
 ing accounts. 
 
 I would endeavour, to comfort myself upon the 
 loss of friends, as I do upon the loss of money ; 
 by turning to my account-book, and seeing whether 
 I have enough left for my support. Swift. 
 
 Acco'uNTlNG. n. s. [from account.] The 
 act of reckoning, or making up of ac- 
 counts. 
 
 This method, faithfully observed, must keep a 
 man from breaking, or running behind-iiand, in 
 his spiritual estate ; which, without frequent ac- 
 countings, he will hardly be able to prevent. 
 
 South's Sermons. 
 
 To Acco'uPLE. V. a. [accouphr, Fr.] To 
 join, to link together. We now use 
 couple. 
 
 He sent a solemn embassage, to treat a peace 
 and league with the king ; accoupling it with an 
 article in the nature of a request. 
 
 Bacons Henry ATI. 
 
 To Acco'uRAGE. t'. a. [Obsolete. See 
 Courage.] To animate. 
 
 That forward pair she ever would assuage, 
 When they would strive due reason to exceed ; 
 
 But that same froward twain would acconrage. 
 And of her plenty add unto her need. 
 
 Faiiy Queen, b. ii. c. 2. 
 
 To Acco'uRT. V. a. [See To COURT.] 
 To entertain with courtship, or courte- 
 sy; a word, now not in use 
 
 Who all this while were at their wanton rest, 
 Accourting each her friend with lavish fc^ast. 
 
 Fairif Queen. 
 
 To ACCO'UTRE. t.. a. -Accoutrer, Fr.] 
 To dress, to equip. 
 
 Is it for this, they study ? to grow pale. 
 And niiss the pleasures of a glorious meal? 
 For this, in rags accoittre, are they seen, 
 And made the May-game of the jjublic spleen .' 
 
 Drydcn. 
 Acco'UTREMENT. «. s. [accoutrement, 
 Fr.] Dress, equipage; furniture, re- 
 lating to the person; trappings, orna- 
 ments. 
 
 _ I profess requital to a hair's breadtli not only 
 in the simple office of love, but in all the accoutre- 
 ment, complement, and ceremony of it. 
 
 . . Shakespeare's Meiry ]Viocs of Windsor. 
 
 Christianity is lost among them, in the trappings 
 and accoutrements of it ; with which, instead of 
 adorning religion, they have strangely disguised 
 It ; and quite stifled ft, in the crowd of external 
 rites and ceremonies. Tillotson, Smnon xxviii. 
 
 I have seen the pope officiate at St. Peter's ; 
 where, for two hours together, he was busied in 
 putting on or off his different accmiti-cmf n(.s,accord- 
 ing to the different parts he was to act in them. 
 
 Addison, Spectator, >fo. 201. 
 
 How gay with all th' accoutrements of war, 
 The Britons come, with gold well-fraught they 
 come. piiii 
 
 ACCRETION. 71. s. [Accretio, Lat.] 
 The act of growing to another, so as to 
 increase it. 
 
 A C C 
 
 Plants do nourish ; inanimate bodies do not : 
 they have an accretion, but no alimentation. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. No. 602. 
 
 The changes seem to be ett'ectcd by the exhaling 
 of the moisture ; which may leave the tinging cor- 
 puscles more dense, and something augmented 
 by the accretion of the oily and earthy parts of 
 that moisture. Newton's Optics. 
 
 Infants support abstinence worst, from the 
 quantity of aliment consumed in accretion. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 Accre'tive. adj. [from accretion.] Grow- 
 ing; that, which by growth is added. 
 
 If the motion be very slow, we perceive it not : 
 we have no sense of the accretive motion of plants 
 and animals ; and the sly shadow steals away upon 
 the dial ; and the quickest eye can discover no 
 more, but that it is gone. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 To ACCRO'ACH. v. a. [accrocher, Fr.] 
 To draw to one, as with a hook; to 
 gripe ; to draw away by degrees, what 
 is another's. 
 
 Accro'achment. n. s. [from accroach.] 
 The act of accroaching. Diet. 
 
 To ACCRU'E. V. n. [from the participle 
 accru, formed from accroitre, Fr.] 
 
 1. To accede to, to be added to ; as a na- 
 tural production or effect, witliotit any 
 particular respect to good or ill. 
 
 The Son of God, by his incarnation, hath 
 changed the manner of that personal subsistence ; 
 no alteration thereby accruing to the nature of 
 God. Hmker, b. v. § 54. 
 
 2. To be added, as an advantage or im- 
 provement, in a sense inclining to good 
 rather than ill ; in which meaning it is 
 more frequently used, by later authors. 
 
 From which compact there arising an obligation 
 upon every one, so to convey his meaning ; there 
 accrues also a right to every one, by the same signs, 
 to judge of the sense or meaning of the person, so 
 obligea to express himself. South s Sermons. 
 
 Let the evidence of such a particular miracle be 
 never so bright and clear, yet it is still but parti- 
 cular ; and must therefore want that kind offeree, 
 that degree of influence, which accrues to a stand- 
 ing general proof, from its having been tried or 
 approved, and consented to, by men of all ranks 
 and capacities, of all tempers and interests, of all 
 ages and nations. Attcrbury's Sermons. 
 
 3. To append to, or arise from : as, an ill 
 consequence ; this sense seems to be less 
 proper. 
 
 His scholar Aristotle as in many other parti- 
 culars, so likewise in this did justly oppose him, 
 and became one of the authors ; choosing a certain 
 benefit, before the hazard that might accnie from 
 the disrespects of ignorant persons. Wilkins. 
 
 4. In a commercial sense, to be produced, 
 or arise ; as, profits. 
 
 The yearly benefit that, out of those his works, 
 accruetl to "lier majesty, amounteth to one thou- 
 sand pounds. Carew's Survey. 
 
 The great profits, which have accrued to the 
 duke of Florence from his free port, have set seve- 
 ral of the states of Italy on the same project. 
 
 Addi£(m on Italy. 
 
 5. To follow, as loss; a vitlous use. 
 
 The benefit or loss of such a trade accruing to 
 the government, until it comes to take root in the 
 nation. Temple's Misc. 
 
 Accuba'tion. n. s. [from accubo, to lie 
 down to, Lat.] The ancient posture of 
 leaning at meals. 
 
 It will appear, that accubatton, or lying down at 
 
 meals, was a gesture used by very many nations. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 To Accu'mb. v. a. [accu7nbo, Lat.] To 
 lie at the table, according to the an- 
 cient manner. Diet. 
 
 A C C 
 
 Accu'mbent. adj. [accumhens, Lat.] 
 Leaning. 
 
 The Roman recumbent, or (more properly) ac- 
 cumtent posture in eating, was introduced after 
 the first Punic war. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 To ACCUMULATE, v. a. [from accu- 
 mulo, Lat.] To heap one thing upon 
 another ; to pile up, to heap together. 
 It is used either literally, as, to accumu- 
 late money ; or figuratively, as, to ac- 
 cumulate merit or wickedness. 
 
 If thou dost slander her, and torture me, 
 Never pray more ; abandon all remorse ; 
 On horrors head horrors accumulate ; 
 For nothing canst tliou to damnation add. 
 
 Shakespeare's Othello 
 Crusht by imaginary treasons weight. 
 Which too much merit did accvnndate. 
 
 Sir John Denham 
 
 Accumula'tion. n. s. [from accumu- 
 late.] 
 
 1. The act of accumulating. 
 
 One of my place in Syria, his lieutenant. 
 For quick accumulation of renown. 
 Which he atchiev'd by th' minute, lost liis favour 
 Shake!ij}eare's Anthony and Cleopatra 
 Some perhaps might otherwise wonder at such 
 an accumulation of benefits ; like a kind of embroi- 
 dering, or listing of one favour upon another. 
 
 WottJn. 
 
 2. The state of being accumulated. 
 
 By the regular returns of it in some people, and 
 their freedom from it after the morbid matter is 
 exhausted ; it looks, as there were regular accu- 
 mulations and gatherings of it, as of other hu- 
 mours in the body. Arbuthrwt on Diet. 
 
 Accu'mulative. adj. [from accumu' 
 late.-] 
 
 1. That, which accumulates. 
 
 2. That, which is accumulated. 
 
 If the injury meet not with meekness, it then 
 acquires anotner accumulative guilt ; and stands 
 answerable not only for its own positive ill, but 
 for all the accidental, which it causes in the suf- 
 ferer. Government qftke Tongue. 
 
 Accumula'tor. n.s. [from accumulate.] 
 He, that accumulates ; a gatherer or 
 heaper together. 
 
 Injuries may fall upon the passive man ; yet, 
 without revenge, there would be no broils and 
 quarrels, the grt it accumulators and multipliers of 
 injuries. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 A'ccuRACY. n. s. [accuratio, Lat.] Exact- 
 ness, nicety. 
 
 This perfect artifice and accuracy might have 
 been omitted, and yet they have made shift to 
 move. Mo7-e. 
 
 Quickness of imagination is seen in the inven- 
 tion, fertility in the fancy, and the accuracy in 
 the expression. Drydcn. 
 
 The man, who hath the studied ignorance, or 
 hardened effrontery, to insult the revealed will of 
 God ; or the petulant conceit, to turn it into ri- 
 dicule ; or the arrogance, to make his own per- 
 fections the measure of the Divinity : or, at best, 
 that can collate a text, or quote an authority, 
 with an insipid accurucif ; or demonstrate a plain 
 proposition, in all fo mality : these now are the 
 only men worth mentioning._ Dclany. 
 
 We consider the uniformity of the whole de- 
 sign, accuracy of the calculations, and skill in re- 
 storing and comparing passages of ancient au- 
 thors. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 A'CCURATE. adj. [accuratus. Lat.] 
 
 1, Exact, as opposed to negligence or ig- 
 norance, applied to persons. 
 
 2. Exact, without defect or failure, ap- 
 plied to things. 
 
 go
 
 A C C 
 
 No man living lias made more acmrate trials 
 than R«auiuure, that briglitest ornament of 
 Franco. _ CoLmi. 
 
 3, Detenninate ; precisely fixed. 
 
 Those conceive the celestial bodies have more 
 accurate influences upon these things below, than 
 indeed they have but in gross. Bacon. 
 
 A'ccuRATELY. adv. [from accurate.] 
 In an accurate manner ; exactly, with- 
 out errour, nicely. 
 
 The sine of incidence is cither accurately, or 
 very nearly, in a given ratio to the sine of re- 
 fraction. Newton. 
 
 That all these distances, motions, and quanti- 
 ties of matter, should be so acciiratelfi and har- 
 niouiously adjusted in this great vkriely of our 
 system, fs above the fortuitous hits of blind ma- 
 terial causes ; and must certainly flow from that 
 eternal fountain of wisdom. Bentley. 
 
 A'ccuRATENEss. n. *. [from accurate.] 
 Exactness ; nicety. 
 
 But sometime after, suspecting that in making 
 this observation I had not determined the dia- 
 meter of the sphere with sufficient accwratenes^, 
 I repeated the experiment. Newton. 
 
 To Accu'rse. v. a. [See Curse.] To 
 doom to misery ; to invoke misery upon 
 any one. 
 
 As if it were an unlucky comet, or as if God 
 had so accursed it ; that it sho\dd never shine, to 
 give light in things concerning our duty any way 
 towards him. liooker. 
 
 When Hildebrand accursed and cast down from 
 his throne, Henry IV., there were none so hardy, 
 as to defend their lord. Sir W. Jialeigh^s Essays. 
 
 Accu'rsed. part. adj. 
 
 1 . That, wliich is cursed or doomed to 
 misery. 
 
 'Tis the most certain sign the world's accurst, 
 That the best things corrupted are, and worst. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. That, which deserves the curse ; exe- 
 crable, hateful, detestable ; and, by 
 consequence, wicked, malignant. 
 
 A swift blessing 
 May soon return, to this our sutTering country. 
 Under a hand accurs'd. Shakes. Macbeth. 
 
 The chief part of the misery of wicked men, 
 and those accui-sed spirits, the aeviis, is this ; that 
 they are of a disposition contrary to God. Tillot. 
 Ihcy, like the seed from which they sprung, 
 accui-st. 
 Against the gods immortal hatred nurst. Di-yd. 
 
 Accu'sABLE. adj. [from the verb ac- 
 cuse.] That which may be censured ; 
 blameable, culpable. 
 
 There would be a manifest defect, and Nature's 
 improvision were justlv accMoi/e; if animals, so 
 subject unto diseases from bilious causes, should 
 want a proper conveyance for choler. 
 
 Browne's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Accusa'tion. n. s. [from accuse.] 
 
 1. The act of accusing. 
 
 Thus they in mutual accusation spent 
 The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning ; 
 And of their vain contest, appear'd no end. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. The charge, brought against any one 
 by the accuser. 
 
 You read 
 These accusations ; and these grievous crimes. 
 Committed by your person and your followers. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 All accusation, in the very nature of the thing, 
 still supposing, and being founded upon some law : 
 for, where there is no law, there can be no trans- 
 gression ; and, where there can be no transgression, 
 I am sure there ought to be no accusation. 
 
 South. 
 
 3. [In the sense of the courts.] A decla- 
 ration of some crime, preferred before a 
 
 A C C 
 
 competent judge, in order to inflict 
 some judgement on the guilty person. 
 Ayliffts Parergon. 
 
 Accu'sATlVE. adj. [accusativus, Lat.] 
 A term of grammar signifying the rela- 
 tion of the noun, on whicli the action 
 implied in the verb terminates. 
 
 Accu'sATORY. adj. [from //ccwse.] That 
 which prodiiceth or conlaineth an ac- 
 cusation. 
 
 Ill a cliarge of adultery, the accuser ougiit to 
 set forth, in tlie accusatory libel, some certain and 
 definite time. ^yW^- 
 
 To ACCU'SE. V. a. [from accuso, Lat.] 
 
 1. To charge with a crime. It requires 
 the particle of, before the subject of 
 accusation, 
 
 lie strinp'd the bears-foot of its leafy growth ; 
 And, calhng western winds, accused the sfiring of 
 sloth. Drifdcns Vii-ir'd. 
 
 The professors are accused t^f all tlieill practices, 
 which may seem to be the ill consequences of their 
 principles. Addison. 
 
 2. It sometimes admits the particle /or. 
 
 Never send up a leg of a fowl at suppt-r, w hile 
 there is a cat or dog in the house, that can be uc- 
 C((sed/i)r running away with it : but, if there hap- 
 pen to be neither, you must lay it upon the rats, 
 or a strange greyhound. Swift. 
 
 3. To blame or censure, in opposition to 
 applause or justification. 
 
 Their conscience bearing witness, and their 
 thouglits the mean while accusirig or else excusing 
 one anuther. Horn. ii. 15. 
 
 Vour vitlour would your sloth (oo much accuse ; 
 
 And therefore, like' themselves, they princes 
 
 choose. Drydens Tyran'nick Lore. 
 
 Accu'sER. n. s. [from accuse.] He 
 that brings a charge against another. 
 
 There are some person.s forbidden to be accusers, 
 on the score oftlieirsex, as women ; others, of 
 their age, as pupils and infants ; others, upon the 
 account of some crimes committed by them, and 
 others, on the score of some filthy lucre they pro- 
 pose to gain thereby ; others, on the score o^ their 
 conditions, as libertines against their patrons ; and 
 others, through a suspicion of calumny, as having 
 once already given false evidence ; and lastly, 
 otliers, on account of their poverty, as not being 
 worth mure than fifty aurei. Ayliffe^s Parergon. 
 
 That good man, who drank the pois'nous 
 
 draught, 
 With mind serene; and could not wisli, to see 
 His vile accuser druik as deep as he. Drijdcn. 
 
 If the person accused raaketh his innocence 
 plainly to appear upon his trial, the accuser is im- 
 mediately put to an ignominious death ; and, out 
 of his goods and lands, tlie innocent person is 
 quadruply recompensed. GiilUicrs Travels. 
 
 To ACCUSTOM, v. a. [accoulume , Fr.] 
 To habituate, to inure; with tiie particle 
 to. It is used chiefly of persons. 
 
 How shall we breathe in other air 
 Less pure, accustoind to immortal fruits. Milton. 
 It has been some advantage, to accustom one's 
 self to books of the same edition. 
 
 Watts's Imp. of the Miiul. 
 
 To Accu'sTOM. V. n. To be wont to do 
 any thing. Obsolete. 
 
 A boat over-freighted sunk, and all drowned, 
 saving one woman, that in her first popping up 
 again (which most living tilings accustom) got hold 
 of the boat. Carew. 
 
 Accu'sTOMABLE. adj. [from accustom.] 
 Of long custom or habit ; habitual, 
 customai'y. 
 
 AnimaJs (even of tlie same original, extraction, 
 and species may be diversified by accustomable re- 
 sidence in one climate, from what they are in an- 
 ■•"■"■ Mak't Origin if Mankind. 
 
 other. 
 
 ACE 
 
 Accu'sTOMABLY. adv. According to 
 custom. 
 
 Touching the king's fines, accustomably paid for 
 the purchasing of writs original, I find no certain 
 beginning of them ; and do therefore, think that 
 they grew up with the chancery. Bacon's Alien. 
 
 Acct'STOMANCE. 71. s. [accoutumance, 
 
 Fr.] Custom, habit, use. 
 
 'Dirough nccnstomance and negligence, and (ht- 
 haps .some other causes, we neither feel it in our 
 own bodies, nor lake notice of it in others. Boifle. 
 Accu'sTOMARiLY. adv. In a customary 
 manner; according to common or cus- 
 tomary pr.ictice. 
 
 Go on, rhetorick ; and expose ihe y)eculiarcmi- 
 nency, which you accustomarily marshal before 
 logic" to public view. Cteavtland. 
 
 Accu'STOMARY. adj. [from accustom.] 
 Usual, practised ; according to custom. 
 
 Accu'sTOMED. adj. [from accustcm.] 
 According to cu:-tom ; frequent, usual. 
 
 Look, how she rubs her hand-i ! — It is an accus- 
 tomed action w ith her, to seem thus washin;^ her 
 hands : I have known her continue in this, a 
 quarter of an hour. Shakespeare^ s Macbeth. 
 
 AcE. n, s, [/Is not only signified a 
 
 piece of money, but any integer : from 
 
 whence is derived the word ace^ or unit. 
 
 Thus As signified the whole inheritance. 
 
 Arhuthnct on Coins. 
 
 1. An unit; a single point, on cards or 
 dice. 
 
 When lots are shuffled together in a lap, urn, ur 
 pitcher ; or if a man blindfuld casts a die ; w.*iat 
 reason in the world can he have to presume, ifiat 
 he shall draw a while stone rather than a blurk, <'r 
 throw an ace rather than a si-e ; South. 
 
 2. A small quantity ; a particle; an atom. 
 Pie will not bate an ace of abs<;lute certainty ; 
 
 but, however doubtful or improbable the tiling is» 
 coming from him it must go for an indisiulabie 
 truth. Government oj tht Tongut. 
 
 I'll not wag an ace farther : the whole world 
 shall not bribe me to it. Drydtns Spanish Friar. 
 
 Ace'phalous. adj. [ax£^«x^, Gr.] 
 Without a head. Diet. 
 
 Ace'rb. adj. [ac€7'bus, Lat.] Acid, with 
 an addition of roughness; as most fruits 
 are before they are ripe. Quinci/. 
 
 Ace'rbity. w. s. [acerbitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. A rough sour taste. 
 
 2. Applied to men, sharpness of temper; 
 severity. 
 
 True it is, that the talents for criticism (namely, 
 smartness, quick censure, vivacity of remark ; 
 indeed all, but acerbity) seem rather the gifts of 
 youth, tlian of old age. Pope. 
 
 To ACE'RVATE. v. a. [acervo, Lat.] 
 
 To heap up. Diet. 
 
 Acerva'tion. n. s. [from acerralc] 
 
 The act of heaping together. 
 Ace'rvose. adj. Full of heaps. Diet. 
 Ace'scent. adj. [acescens, Lat] That 
 
 which has a tendency to sourness or 
 
 acidity. 
 
 The same persons (perhaps) had enioved their 
 health as well, with a mixture of animal <Iiet, qua- 
 lified with a sufficient quantity of accscents ; as 
 bre:id, vinegar, and fermented liquors. 
 
 Arbuthiwt on Alhnents. 
 
 .\ce'tose. adj. That which has in it 
 any thing sour. 
 
 .\ceto'sity. n- s. [from acetose.] The 
 state of being acetose, or of containing 
 sourness. Diet. 
 
 Acetous, adj. [from acetum, vinegar, 
 
 21
 
 A C H 
 
 Lat.] Having the quality of vineear ; 
 sour. 
 
 Raisins, which consist chieHy ot the juice of 
 grapes, inspissated in the skins" or liusks by the 
 avolation of the superfluous moisture tlirougli their 
 pores being distilled inaretort did not afford any 
 vinous, but rather an acetous, spirit. Boyle. 
 
 Ache. ti. s. [ace, Sax. a-x^, Gr. now 
 generally written ake, antl in the plural 
 akes, of one syllable ; the primitive 
 manner being preserved chiefly in poe- 
 try, for the sake of the measure.] A 
 continued pain. See Ake. 
 
 I'll 5ack thee with old cramps ; 
 Fill all thy bones with oches, make thee roar. 
 That beasts shall tremble at \hy din. ■Shakesp. 
 A coming show'r your shootmg corns presage. 
 Old aehes throb, your liollow tooth will rage. 
 
 Su-ift. 
 
 To Ache. v. n. [See Ache.] To be in 
 pain. 
 
 Upon this account, our senses are dulled and 
 spent by any extraordinary intention ; and our 
 very eyes will ache, if long fixed upon any difli- 
 cultly discerned object. Guinv'Uk. 
 
 To ACHIEVE. V. a. [achever, Fr. to 
 complete.] 
 
 1. To perform; to finish a design pros- 
 perously. 
 
 Our toils, my friends, are crowned with sure 
 success : 
 The greater part perforra'd, oc/iieue the less. Dryd. 
 
 2. To gain, to oljtain. 
 Experience is by industry achieved, 
 
 And perfected by the swift course of time. Sbahesp. 
 
 Tranio, I burn, I ])ine ; 1 perish, Tranio, 
 If I achieve not this youn^ modest girl. Shakesjt. 
 
 Thou hast achicv'i our liberty, conliu'd 
 Within hell-gates till noiv. Milton. 
 
 Show all ttie spoils by valiant kings achierd, 
 And groaning nations by their arms reliev'd. Prior. 
 
 Achiever, n. s. He, that performs ; he, 
 that obtains, what he endeavoiu's after. 
 A victory is twice itself, when the achiever 
 brings home full numbers. 
 
 Shakespcare^s Much ado about Xothi}ig. 
 Achi'evement. 7*. s. [acherement, Fr.] 
 
 1. The performance of an action. 
 From every coast, that heaven walks about, 
 
 Have thither'come the noble martial crew. 
 That famous hard achievements still pursue. 
 
 ' fairy Queen. 
 
 2. The escutcheon or ensigns armorial, 
 granted to any man for the perform- 
 ance of great actions. 
 
 Then shall the war, and stern debate, and strife 
 Immortal, be the bus'ness of my life ; 
 And in thy fame, the dusty spoils among, 
 High on the burnish'd roof, my banner shall be 
 
 hung, 
 Rank'd wim my champion's bucklers ; and below, 
 With arms revers'd th' achievements of the foe. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Achievement, in the first si nse is derived 
 from achieve, as it signifii s to perform ; 
 in the second, from achieve, as it im- 
 ports to gain. 
 
 Aching, n. s. [from ache.] Pain; un- 
 easiness. 
 
 When old age comes (o wait upon a great and 
 worshipful sinner : it comes, attended with many 
 painful girds and achings called the gout. South. 
 
 J'CHOR. n. s. [achor, Lat. axiu^, Gr. 
 furfur.] A species of the herpes ; it ap- 
 pears with a crusty scab, which causes 
 an itching on the surface of the head, 
 occasioned by a salt sharp serum oozing 
 through the skin. Quinci/. 
 
 A C K 
 
 A'CID. adj. [acidtis, Lat. acide, Fr.] 
 Sour, sharp. 
 
 Wild trees last longer tlian garden trees ; and 
 in the same kind, those, whose fruit is acid, more 
 than those, whose fruit is sweet. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Acid or sour proceeds from a salt of the same 
 nature, without mixture of oil ; in austere tastes, 
 the oily parts have not disentangled themselves, 
 from the salts and earthy parts ; such is the taste 
 of unripe fruits. Arhnthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Liquors and substances arc called acids, which, 
 being comiJosed of pointed particles, atfect the 
 taste in a sharp and ])iercing manner. The com- 
 mon way of trying, w hether any particular liquor 
 liath in It any particles of this kind, is hy mix- 
 ing it widi syrup of violets, when it will turn of 
 a red colour ; but if it contains alkaline or lixivial 
 particles, it changes tlia-t syrup green. Quiucy. 
 
 Aci'dity. n. s. [from acid.] The quality 
 of being acid ; an acid taste : sharpness; 
 sourness. 
 
 Fishes, by the help of a dissolvent liquor, cor- 
 rode and reduce their meat, skin, bones, and all, 
 info a chylus or cremor ; and j'ct this liquor mani- 
 fests nothing of acidit}} to the fasfe. ^uy. 
 
 When the taste of the mouth is bitter, it is a 
 sign of a redundance of a fjilious alkali ; and de- 
 mands a quite different diet, from the case of ari- 
 ditij or sourness. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 A'cidness. v. s. [from acid.] The qua- 
 lity of being acid ; acidity. See Aci- 
 dity. 
 
 ACFDULM. n. .?. [that is, aqiuc aci- 
 dulce.] ftledicinal springs, impregnated 
 with sharp yjarticles; as all the niticus, 
 chalybeate and alum springs are. Quin. 
 The acidulfe, or medicinal springs, eniit a greater 
 quantity of their minerals than usual ; and even 
 the ordinary springs, which were before clear, 
 fresh, and limpid, become thick and turbid, and 
 are impregnated with sulphur and other minerals, 
 as long as the earthquake lasts. 
 
 ]]'oodward's Natural History. 
 
 To Aci'dulate. 11. a. [aciduler, Fr.] 
 To impregnate or tinge with acids in a 
 slight degree. 
 
 A diet of fresh unsalted things, watery liquors 
 acidulated, farinaceous emollient substances, sour 
 milk, butter, and acid fruits. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliment.^. 
 
 To ACKNOWLEDGE, v. a. [a word 
 formed, as it seems between the Latin 
 and English, from ugnosco, atid hncw- 
 ledge; which is deduced from the Saxon 
 cnapau to know.] 
 
 1 . To own the knowledge of; to own any 
 tliifig or person in a particular character. 
 
 ]My people do already know my mind ; 
 And will acknowledge you and Jessica, 
 In place of lord Bassai'iio and myself. Shakesp. 
 
 None, that acknou-ledge God or providence, 
 Their souls efeniity did ever doubt. Vavies. 
 
 2. To confess ; as, a fault. 
 
 For I acknou-ledge my transgressions ; and my 
 sin is ever before me. Psalm li. 3 
 
 3. To own ; as, a benefit ; sometimes with 
 the particle to, before the person con- 
 ferring the benefit. 
 
 His spirit 
 Taught them ; but they his gifts acknowledged 
 not. Milton. 
 
 In the first place therefore, 1 thankfully ac- 
 knoulcdge to the Almighty power the assistance he 
 has given me, in the beginning and the prosecu- 
 tion of my present studies. Dryden, 
 
 ACKNO'WLEDGING. ttdj. [from acknoiv- 
 ledge.] Grateful ; ready to acknow- 
 ledge benefits received. A Gallicism, 
 reconnoissant . 
 
 A C O 
 
 He has shewn his hero acknowledging and un- 
 grateful, compassionate and hard-hearted ; but, at 
 the bottom, tickle and self-interested. Dryd.Virg. 
 ACKNO'WLEDGEMENT. «. S. [from uc- 
 
 knotvledge.] 
 
 1. Concession of any character in an- 
 other ; as, existence, superiority. 
 
 The due contemplation of the human nature 
 doth, by a necessary connection and chain of 
 causes, carry us up to the unavoidable acknmo^ 
 ledgement of the Deity ; because it carries every 
 thinking man, to an original of every successive 
 individual. Hale's Origin of' Majikind. 
 
 2. Concession of the truth of any position. 
 Immediately upon the acknoieledgment of the 
 
 christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by 
 Philip. Hooker. 
 
 3. Confession of a fault. 
 
 4. Confession of a benefit received ; gra- 
 titude. 
 
 5. Act of attestation to any concession ; 
 such as homage. 
 
 There be many wide countries in lrel-ind, in 
 which the laws of England were never established, 
 nor any acknowledgement of subjection made. 
 
 Spencer's State of' Ireland. 
 
 6. Something given or done, in confession 
 of a benefit received. 
 
 The second is an acknowledgment to his majesty 
 for the leave of fishing upon his coasts ; and 
 though this may not be grounded upon any treat}-, 
 yet, if it appear to be an ancient right on our side, 
 and custom on theirs, not deternnned or extin- 
 guished by any treaty between us, it may with 
 justice be Insisted on. Temple's Mis. 
 
 ACME. n. s. [Sx^^, Gr.] The height 
 of any thing; more especially used to 
 denote the lieight of a distemper, which 
 is divided into four periods. L The 
 arche, the beginning or first attack. 
 2. Anabasis, the growth. S. Acme, the 
 height. And, 4. Farucme, which is the 
 declension of the distemper. Quincy. 
 
 Aco'LOTHI.ST. n. S. [axoXuSiu, Gr.] 
 One of tlie lowest order, in the llomi.ih 
 church ; whose office is, to prepare the 
 elements for the offices, to light the 
 cliurch, &c. 
 
 It is duty, according to the papal law, when 
 the bisliop sings mass, to order all the inferior 
 clergy to apjiear in their proper habits ; and to 
 see tliat all the otlices of the church be rightly 
 performed ; to ordain the acolothist, to keej) th'e 
 sacred vessels. Aylife's Parergon. 
 
 A'colyte, n. s. [The same with Acolo- 
 
 THI.ST.] 
 
 Aconite, n. s. [uconitum, Lat.] Pro- 
 perly ihe herb wolfs bane ; but com- 
 monly used in poetical language, for 
 poison in general. 
 
 Our laud is from the rage of tygers freed. 
 Nor nourishes the lion's angry seed ; 
 Nor pois'nous aconite is here produc'd. 
 Or grows unknown, or is (when known) refus'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Despair, that accmite does prove. 
 And certain death to others love. 
 That poison never yet withstood. 
 Does nourish mine, and turns to blood. Grani>ille 
 
 A'CORN. 11. s. lJEcnf\-n, Sax. from ac, 
 
 an oak, and copn, corn or grain ; that 
 
 is, the grain or fruit of the oak.] The 
 
 seed or fruit, boi n by the oak. 
 
 Errours, such as are but aconis in our younger 
 brows, grow oaks in our older heads, andbecome 
 inflexible. Brou-n. 
 
 Content with food, which nature freely bred. 
 On wildings and on strawbenies they fed : 
 
 22
 
 ACQ 
 
 Cornels and bramble-berries gave the rest ; 
 And falling acorns funiish'd out a feast. 
 
 IJrydens Ovid 
 
 He, Uiat is nourished by the aconis he picked up 
 
 under an oak, or the apples he gathered from tlie 
 
 trees in the wood, has certainljr appropriated them 
 
 to himself. Locke 
 
 A'coRNED, adj. [from acorn.] Stored 
 
 with acorns. 
 
 Like a full acont'd boar. Shakespeare. 
 
 ACO'USTICKS, n. S. [ixarixa, of aKUu, Gr 
 
 to hear.] 
 
 1. The doctrine or theory of sounds. 
 
 2. Medicines to help the hearing. Quinct/. 
 To ACQUAINT, v. a. [accointer, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To make familiar with ; appUed either 
 to persons or things. It has with, be- 
 fore the object. 
 
 We, that acquaint ourselYCs with ev*ry zone, 
 
 And pass the tropicks, and behold each pole ; 
 When we come home, are to ourselves unknown. 
 
 And unacquainted still with our own soul. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 There with thee, new welcome saint. 
 Like fortunes may her soul acquaint. Milton. 
 
 Before a man can speak on any subject, it is 
 necessary to be acquainted with it. 
 
 Locke on Education. 
 
 Acquaint yourselves with tilings ancient and 
 modern, natural, civil, and religious, domestic and 
 national, things of your own and foreign coun- 
 tries ; and, above all, be well acquainted with God 
 and yourselves ; learn animal nature, and the 
 workings of your own spirits. JVatts's Logick. 
 
 2. To inform. With is more in use be- 
 fore the object, than of. 
 
 But for some other reasons, my grave Sir, 
 Which is not fit you know, I not acquaint 
 My father of" this business. 
 
 Shakespeare^s Twelfth Night. 
 
 A friend in the country acquaints me, that two 
 or three men of the town are got among them, and 
 have brought words and plirases, which were 
 never before in those parts. Tatter. 
 
 Acquaintance, n. s. [accointance, Fr.] 
 
 1. The state of being acquainted with ; 
 familiarity, knowledge. It is applied, 
 as well to persons as things, with the 
 particle tviih. 
 
 Nor was his acquaintance less, with the famous 
 poets of his age, than with the noblemen and 
 ladies. Dryden. 
 
 Our admiration of a famous man lessens, upon 
 our nearer acquaintance with him ; and we seldom 
 hear of a celebrated person, without a catalogue 
 of some notorious weaknesses and infirmities. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Would we be admitted into an acquaiyitance with 
 God, let us study to resemble him. We must be 
 partakers of a divine nature, in order to partake 
 of this high privilege and alliance. Atterburt). 
 
 2. Famihar knowledge ; simply, without 
 a preposition. 
 
 Brave soldier, pardon me, 
 That any accent, breaking from my tongue. 
 Should scape the true acquaintance of mine ear. 
 _ Shakespeare. 
 
 This keeps the understanding long in converse 
 with an object, and long converse brings ac- 
 quaintance. South. 
 
 In what manner he lived with those, who were 
 of his neighbourhood and acquaintance ; how obli- 
 ging his carriage was to them, what kind offices 
 he did, and was always ready to do them ; I for- 
 bear, particularly to say. Atterbury. 
 
 3. A slight or initial knowledge, short of 
 friendship, as applied to persons. 
 
 I hope, I am pretty near seeing you ; and there- 
 fore I would C\Ati\ ale ail acquaintance : because, if 
 you do not know me, when we meet ; you need 
 only keep one of my letters, and coinpa're it with 
 my face ; for my face and letters are counterparts 
 of my heart. Swiji to Pope. 
 
 A C Q 
 
 A lung noviciate of acquaintance should precede 
 tile vows of friendi.hi|). BoLingbroke. 
 
 4. The person with Avhom we are ac- 
 quainted ; him, of whom we liave some 
 knowledge, without tiie intimacy of* 
 friendship. 
 
 In this sense, the plural is, in some 
 authors, acquaintance ; in others, ac- 
 quaintances. 
 
 But she, all vQw'd unto the red-cross knight, 
 His wandVing peril closely did lament ; 
 
 Ne ill this ueu acquaintance could delight. 
 But her dear heart with anguish did torment. 
 
 Fainj Queen. 
 
 That young men travel under some "tutor, I 
 allow well ; so that he be such a one, that may be 
 able to tell them, what acquaintances they are to 
 .seek, what exercise or discipline the place 
 yieldeth. Bacon. 
 
 This, my lord, has justly acquired you as many 
 friends, as there are persons, w ho have the honour 
 to be known to you ; mere acquaintance yo\i have 
 none ; you have" drawn them all into a nearer line ; 
 and they, wlio have conversed with you, are for 
 ever after inviolatj'y yours. Vryden. 
 
 We see, he is ashamed of his nearest acquaint- 
 ances. Boyle against Bentteij. 
 
 Acqua'inted, adj. [from acquaint.] 
 Familiar, well known ; not new. 
 
 Now call we our hi^h court of parliament ; 
 That war or peace, or both at once, may be 
 As things acquainted and familiar to us. Shakesp. 
 
 Acque'st, n. s. [acquestj Fr. from ac- 
 qutrir >' written by some acquist, with 
 a view to the word acquircj or acqttisita.'\ 
 Attachment, acquisition ; the thing 
 gained. 
 New acquests are more burden than strength. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Jlud, reposed nenr the ostea of rivers, makes 
 
 continual additions to tlic land, thereb}' excluding 
 
 tiie sea; and pre-^erving these shells, as trophies 
 
 and signs of its new acquests and encroachments. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 To ACQUIE'SCE, v. n. [acquiescir, Fr. 
 acquitsccre, I.at.] To rest in, or re- 
 main satisfied with, without opposition 
 or discontent. It has in, before the 
 object. 
 
 Others will, upon account of the receivedness 
 of the proposed opinion, think it rather worthy to 
 be examined, than acquiesced in. Boyle. 
 
 Neither a bare approbation of, nor a niere 
 wishing, nor unactive complacency in ; nor, 
 lastly, a natural inclination to things virtuous and 
 good, can pass before God for a man's willing of 
 such things ; and, consequently, if men, upon 
 this account, will needs take up and ucnniescc in 
 an airy ungrounded persuasion, that they will 
 those things which really they not will ; tlicv fall 
 thereby, into a gross and fatal delusion. Scnth. 
 
 He hath employed his transcendent wisdom 
 and power, tiiat by these he might make way for 
 his benignity ; as the end, wherem they ultim.itelv 
 acquiesce. ' Grtw. 
 
 .\CQUI^'SCENCE, n.s. \ivom acquiesce.] 
 
 1. A silent appearance of content ; distin- 
 guislied on one side, from avowed con- 
 sent; on the other, from opposition. 
 
 Neither from any of the nobility, nor of the 
 clergy, who were thought must averse, from it, 
 there appeared any sign of contradiction to that ; 
 but an entire acquiescence in all, the bishops 
 thought lit to do. Claraukm. 
 
 2. Satisfaction, rest, content. 
 
 Many indeed have given over their pursuits 
 after tyme, either from disappointment, or from 
 experience of llie little pleasure which attends it, 
 or the better informations or natural coldness of 
 old age ; but seldom from a full satisfaction and 
 acquiescence in theix present enjoyments of it. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 ACQ 
 
 3. Submission, confidence. 
 
 The greatest part of the world take up tJicir 
 persuasions concerning good and evil, by an im- 
 plicit faith, and a full acquiescence in tlie word of 
 those, who shall represent things to them uiid<r 
 these characters. South. 
 
 Acquirable, adj. {irom acquire.] That, 
 which may be acquired or obtained ; 
 attainable. 
 
 Tliose rational iintincts, the connate principles 
 engraven in the human soul, though they are 
 truths acquirable and deducible by rational conse- 
 quence and argumentation, yet seem to be in- 
 scribed in the very crasis and texture of the soul, 
 antecedent to any acquisition by industry or the 
 exercise of the discursive faculty in man. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 If the powers of cogitation and volition and 
 sensation, are neither inherent in matter as such, 
 nor acquirable to matter by any motion or modifi- 
 cation of it; it necessarily folfows, that they pro- 
 ceed from some cogitativ'e substance, some "incor- 
 poreal inhabitant within us, which we call spirit 
 and soul. Bentkv. 
 
 To ACQUIRE, V. a. [ocquerir, Fr. ac- 
 quire, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To gain, by one's own labour or power ; 
 to obtain, what is not received from na- 
 ture, or transmitted by inheritance. 
 
 Better to leave undone, than by our deed 
 Acquire too high a fame ; while he, we sen'e, is 
 away. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 2. To come to ; to attain. 
 
 Motion cannot be perceived, without the per- 
 ception of its terms ; viz. the parts of space, which 
 it immediately left ; and those, which it next ac- 
 quires. Glamilk's Scepsis. 
 
 Acqui'red, parlicip. adj. [from acquire.] 
 Gained by one's self; in opposition to 
 those things, wliich are bestowed by 
 nature. 
 
 AVe are seldom at ease, and free enough from 
 the solicitation of our natural or adopted "desires ; 
 but a constant succession of uneasiness, out of that 
 stock, which natural wants or acquired habits have 
 heaped up, take tlie will in their turns. 
 
 Locke. 
 Acqui'rer, n.s. [from acquire.] The 
 
 person, that acquires ; a gainer. 
 Acquirement, n. s. [from acquire.] 
 Thtit, which is acquired ; gain ; attain- 
 ment. The word may be properly used, 
 in opposition to the gifts of nature. 
 
 These his acquirements, by industry', were ex- 
 ceedingly both enriched and enlarged, bv nuuiv 
 excellent endowments of nature. 
 
 Hayward on EdKvrd \^. 
 
 By a content and acquiescence in every species 
 of truth, we embrace ttte shadow thereof; or so 
 much, as may palliate its just and substantial «■- 
 quireinents. " Broicn's Vulgar Emurs. 
 
 It is veiy difficult, to lay down rules for the ac- 
 quirement'of a taste : the" faculty must, in some 
 degree, be born with us. .iddiscn. 
 
 Acquisition, n. s. [acquisitio, Lat.] 
 1 . The act of acquiring or gaining. 
 
 Each man has but a limited right to the good 
 things of the world ; and tlie natural allowed 
 way, by which he is to coui^tass the possession of 
 these things, is by his own mdustrious acquisition 
 of them. South. 
 
 1. The thing gained ; acquirement. 
 
 Great Sir, all acquisition 
 Of glory as of empire, here I lay before 
 Your royal feet. Denliam's Sifpha. 
 
 A state can never arrive to its period, in a iiio"r>^ 
 deplorable crisis ; than, when some prince lies Ho- 
 vering like a vulture, to dismember its dying caj- 
 case ; by which means it becomes only a"n a.'q»isi' 
 thn to some mighty monarchy, witliout ho)iei of 
 a resurrection. Su-ifl. 
 
 23
 
 ACQ 
 
 AcQUi'siTivE. adj. [acqn'mtivus, Lat.] 
 Thai which is acquired or gained. 
 
 He died, not in his ticqimitire, but in liis native 
 soil ; nature lierself, as it were, claiming a final 
 interest in his body, when fortune had done with 
 him. Wotton. 
 
 AcQUi'sT. n. s. [See Acquest.] Ac- 
 quirement; attainment; gain. Not in 
 
 use. 
 
 His servant he, with new acquist 
 Of true experience from this great event, 
 With peace and consolation hatli dismist. Milton. 
 
 To ACQUIT V. a. [acqineter.Fr. See 
 Quit.] 
 
 1 . To set free. 
 
 Ne do I wish (for wishing were but vain) 
 To be acquit from my continual smart ; 
 
 But joy, her thrall for ever to remain. 
 And yielii for pledge my poor captived heart. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. To clear from a charge of guilt; to ab- 
 solve; opposed to condemn, either sim- 
 ply with an accusative, as, the jury 
 acquitted him; or with the particles 
 from or of, wliich is more common, 
 before the criine. 
 
 If I sin, then thou markest me, and thou wilt 
 not acqui*. mefrmn mine iniquity. Job, x. 14. 
 
 I?y tne suffrage of the most and best, he is al- 
 ready aci/iii'tlcd; and, by the sentence of some, 
 condemned. Dniiien. 
 
 He that judges, without informing himself to 
 the utmost that he is capable, cannot acquit him- 
 self 0^' judging amiss. Locke. 
 
 Neither do I reficct upon the memory of his 
 majesty, whom I entii'ely acquit e/"any imputation. 
 
 SuiJ't. 
 
 3. To clear from any obligation. 
 
 Steady to my jirinciplcs, and not dispirited witli 
 ray afflictions, I have, by the blessing of God on 
 ray endeavours, overeonie all ditlieulties ; and, in 
 some measure, acquitted myself n/' the debt, which 
 I owed the publick, when 1 undertook this work. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. In a similar sense, it is said, The man 
 hath acquitted himself well ; that is, he 
 hath discharged his duty. 
 
 Acquitment, n. s. [from acquit.l The 
 state of being acquitted ; or act of ac- 
 quitting. 
 
 The word imports properly an acquitment or dis- 
 charge of a man, upon some precedent accusation ; 
 and a full trial and cognizance of his cause, had 
 thereupon. South. 
 
 Acqoi'ttal. n.s. Inlaw, is a deliver- 
 ance and setting free, from the suspi 
 cion or guiltiness of an oilence. Coivell. 
 The constant design of both these orators was, 
 to drive some one particular point, either the con- 
 demnation or acquittal oi an accused person. Suiji. 
 
 To Acquittance, v. a. To procure an 
 acquittance ; to acquit ; a word not in 
 present use. 
 
 But, if black scandal and foul-fac'd reproach 
 Attend the sequel of your imposition ; 
 Your mere enforcement shall acquittance me 
 From all the impure blots and st.aius thereof. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Acqui'ttance. n. s. [from acquit.] 
 
 1 . The act of discharging from a debt. 
 
 But soon shall find 
 Forbearance, no acquittance, ere day end 
 Justice shall not return, as beauty, scorn'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. A writing, testifying the receipt of a 
 debt. 
 
 You can produce acquittances 
 For such a sum, from special oflicers 
 Of Charles his father. 
 
 Shakespeare's Love's Labour Lost. 
 
 A C R 
 
 They quickly pay their debt ; and then 
 Take no acq}tittaiiccs, but pay again. Donne. 
 
 The same man bought and sold to himself, paid 
 the money, and gave tlie acquittance. Arhnthnot. 
 A'CEE. n. s. [yEcpe, Sax.] A quantity 
 of land containing, in length forty per- 
 ches, and four in breadtli, or four thou- 
 sand eight hundred and forty square 
 yards. Diet. 
 
 Search every acre in tlie high-grown field. 
 And bring him to our eye. Shakes]), hiti^ Lear. 
 
 A'cRlD. adj.[accr, Lat.] Of a hot biting 
 taste; bitter; so, as to leave a painful 
 heat upon the organs of taste. 
 
 Bitter and acrid differ, only by the sharp i)articles 
 of the first being involved ni a greater (luantity of 
 oil, tiian those of the last. Arhnthnot on Atimenls. 
 
 Acrimo'nious. adj. Abounding with 
 acrimony; sharp; corrosive. 
 
 If gall cannot be rendered acrimonious and bit- 
 ter of itself ; then, whatever acrimony oramaritu<le 
 redounds in it, must be from the admixture of 
 melancholy. Hareey on Consumptions. 
 
 .\'cRiMONY. n.s. [acrimonia, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Sharjiness, corrosiveness. 
 
 There be plants, tliat have a milk in them when 
 they are cut ", as, figs, old lettuce, sow-thistles, 
 spuVge. The cause niay be an inception of putre- 
 faction ; for those milks have all an acrinnmu, 
 though one would think they shoidd be lenitive. 
 Bacon's Kutural Historij. 
 
 Thechymists define salt, from some of its pro- 
 perties, to be a body fusible in the fire; congealable 
 again by cold, into brittle glebes or crystals ; so- 
 luble in water, so as to disappear; not malleable ; 
 and having something in it, which all'ects the 
 organs of taste with a sensation of acrimonu or 
 sharpness. Arhnthnot. 
 
 2. Sharpness, of temper, severity, bitter- 
 ness of thought or language. 
 
 vTohn the Baptist set himself, with much acri- 
 mony and indignation, to bafhe this senseless arro- 
 gant conceit of theirs ; which nuide them hull' at 
 the doctrine of repentance, as a thing below them, 
 and not at all belonging to them. South. 
 
 A'cRlTUDE. II. s. [from acrid.] An acrid 
 taste ; a biting Iieat on the jjalatc. 
 
 In green vitriol, with its astringent and sweetish 
 
 tastes, is joined some acri()/(/e. Greiv's Musaum. 
 
 AcROAMA'TICAL. adj.[a.x^O(ioij.ai, Gv. I 
 
 hear.] Of or pertaining to deep learn- 
 ing; the opposite of exoterical. 
 
 Acroa'ticks. n. s. [ax.^oolixa, Gr.] Aris- 
 totle's lectures, on the more nice and 
 principal parts of philosophy; to which, 
 none but friends and scholars were ad- 
 mitted by him. 
 
 Acro'nycal. adj. [from ax^©- sunwuis, 
 and «^| nox ; importing the beginning 
 of night.] A term of astronomy, applied 
 to the stars ; of which the rising or set- 
 ting is called acronycal, when they 
 either appear above or sink below the 
 horizon at the time of sunset. It is op- 
 posed to cosmical. 
 
 Acro'nycally. adv. [from acronycal.] 
 At the acronycal time. 
 
 He is tempestuous in the sunnner, when he 
 rises heliacally ; and rainy in the winter, when he 
 rises acronycally. Drydeu. 
 
 A'cROSPiRE. n. s. [from axf©-and stoti^w, 
 Gr.] A shoot or sprout from the end 
 of seeds, before they are put in the 
 ground. 
 
 fliany corns will smilt, or have their pulp 
 turned into a substance like thick cream ; and will 
 send forth their substance ia an acrospirc. Mortimer. 
 
 ACT 
 
 A'CROSPIRED. ])a7't. adj. Having sprouts, 
 or having shot out. 
 
 For want of turning, wlien the malt is spread 
 on the floor, it comes and si)ro\its at both ends ; 
 M'liich is called acrosjtired , and is fit only for 
 swine. Mortimer. 
 
 AcRo'ss. adv, [from a for at, or the 
 French «, as it is used in a (raverSy and 
 crosn.] Athwart; laid over something 
 so, as to cross it. 
 
 The liarp hath the concave, n6t along the strings, 
 but across the striiig.s ; and no harp hatli the sound 
 so melting and prolonged, as the Irish liurp. Bacon. 
 Thi.s view'd, hut not enjoi|-'d, with anus (tcruss 
 He stood, reflecting on lus country's loss. Dniden. 
 There is a set of artisans ; wlio, by the help of 
 severiil poles, which they lay acrod each oliiers 
 shoulders, build themselves up into a kind of py- 
 ramid ; so that you see a pile of men in the air, of 
 four or five rows, risiiigonenbovcaiioUior. Addison. 
 AcRo'STlCK. n. 5. [fi-om ax^©- and t'^x^> 
 Gr.] A poem, in which tlie first letter 
 of every line being taken^ makes up 
 the name of the person or thing, on 
 M'hicli the poem is written. 
 AcRo'sTiCK, adj. 
 
 1 . That, which relates to an acrostick, 
 
 2. That, which contains acrosticks. 
 Leave writing plays ; and choose for tiiy com- 
 mand 
 
 Some peaceful province in acrostick land : 
 There thou may'st wings display, and altars raise. 
 And torture one poor word ten thousand ways. 
 
 JJryden. 
 
 A'CnOTERS, or ACROTERIA. n.s. 
 
 [from ax^ov, Gr. the extremity of any 
 body.] Little pedestals without bases, 
 placed at the middle and the two ex- 
 tremes of pediments ; sometimes serv- 
 ing, to support statues. 
 
 To ACT. V. n. [ago, actum, Lat.] 
 
 L To be in action, not to rest 
 
 He bancs bet^veen, in doubt to act or rest. Pitpe. 
 
 2. To perform the proper functions. 
 
 Albeit the will is not capable of being compel- 
 led to any ufits actings ; yet it iscaiiahle of bring 
 made to act w ith more or less difficulty, according 
 to the dirterent impressions it receives from mo- 
 tives or objects. South. 
 
 3. To practise arts or duties; to conduct 
 one's self. 
 
 Tis plain, that slie (who for a kingdom now 
 Would sacrifice her love, and breaklier vow) 
 Not out of love, but interest, acts alone ; 
 And would, ev'n in my arms, lie thinking of a 
 throne. Dry'dens Conquest of Graiiada. 
 
 The desire of happiness, and the constraint it 
 puts upon us to act for it, no body accounts i 
 abridgment of liberty. Locke. 
 
 The splendor of his oflicc, is the token of that 
 sacred character, which he inwardly' bears ; and 
 one of these ought constantly to put him iu mind 
 of the other, and excite Kim to act up _io it, 
 through the whole course of his administration. 
 
 Atterburys Sermons. 
 
 It is our part and duty, to co-operate uilh this 
 
 grace, vigorously to exert those powers, and act 
 
 up to those advantages to which it restores us. He 
 
 has given eyes to the blind, and feet to tlic lame. 
 
 Bogers's Sermeins. 
 
 4. To produce effects, in some passive 
 subject. 
 
 Hence, 'tis we wait the wond'rous cause to find, 
 How body acts upon impassive mind. 
 
 Garth's Dispejisary. 
 
 The stomach, the intestines, the muscles of llie 
 lower belly, all act upon the aliment : besides, the 
 chyle is not sucked, but squeezed, into the mouths 
 of the lacteals, by the action of the fibres of the 
 guts. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 To ACT. V, fl. 
 
 24
 
 ACT 
 
 1. To bear a borrowed character, as a 
 
 stage -player. 
 
 Honour and shame from no condition rise : 
 Act well your pari ; there all the honour lics^^ ^^ 
 
 2. To counterfeit; to feign by action. 
 His former tremHins once again re.iewM, 
 
 Witii acted fear the villain thus pursu d. JJryd. 
 
 3. To actuate ; to put in motion ; to re- 
 gulate the movements. 
 
 JNIost people in the » orld are acted bv levity and 
 humour, bv strange and irrational changes. South. 
 
 Perhaps" they aic as proud as Lucifer, as cove- 
 tous as Deroas. as false as Judas; and, in the 
 whole course of their conversation, act and are 
 ac(«/, not by devotion, but design. Smth. 
 
 We suppose two distinct incommunicable coii- 
 .ciou.ncsses, acting the same body ; the one con- 
 stantly bv dav, the other by night : and on the 
 other side', the same consciousness acting by inter- 
 vals two distinct bodies. Locke. 
 
 Act. n. s. [actum, Lat.] 
 
 1. Something done; a deed ; an exploit, 
 
 whether good or ill. 
 
 A lower place, not well, 
 May make too great an act : 
 Bct"ier to leave undone, than by our deed 
 Acquire too 1 jgh a fame. 
 
 Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 The conscious wretch must all his arts reveal ; 
 Loth to confess, unable to conceal ; 
 From the first moment of his vital breath, 
 To his last hour of unrepcnting death. Uryden. 
 
 2. Agency ; the power of producing an 
 
 effect. 
 
 I will try the forces 
 Of these thy compounds on such creatures, as 
 We count not wortTi the hangin":, but none human ; 
 To try the vigour of them, and apply 
 Allayinents to their act ; and by them gather 
 Thefr several virtues and elfects. 
 
 Shakespeare s Cmhelme. 
 
 3. Action ; the performance of exploits ; 
 production of effects. 
 
 'Tis so much in your nature to do good, that 
 your life is but one continued act of placing hcnehts 
 on many ; as the sun is alwavs carrying his bsht to 
 some part or other of the world. Druden s Fables. 
 
 Wio forth from nothing call'd this comely frame. 
 His will and act, his word and work the same. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 4. The doing of some particular thing ; 
 a step taken ; a purpose executed. 
 
 lliis act persuades me. 
 That this remotiou of the duke and her 
 Is practice only. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 5. A state of reality ; effect. 
 
 The seeds of herbs and plants at the first arc not 
 in Oct (but in possibility) that which they after- 
 wards grow to be. Hooker. 
 
 God"alone excepted ; who actually and everlast- 
 ingly is, whatsoever he may be ; and wh ch cannot 
 hereafter be that, which now he is not : all other 
 things besides are somewhat in possibility, which 
 as yet they are not in act. _ Hooker. 
 
 Sure they're conscious 
 Of some intended mis'chief ; and are fled. 
 To put it into act. Datham's Sophy. 
 
 6. Incipient agency ; tendency to an effort. 
 Her legs were buskin'd i and the left before. 
 
 In act to'shoot : a silver bow she bore. Dryden 
 
 7. A part of a play, during which the ac- 
 tion proceeds without interruption. 
 
 Jlanv never doubt, but the whole condition re- 
 quired "by Ci.rist (the repentance, he came to 
 preach) will, in that last scene of their last act, 
 immediately before the exit, be as opportunely 
 and acceptably performed, as at_ airy other point 
 of their lives. HammoneVs Fundamentats. 
 
 Five acts are the just measure of a play. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 8. A decree of a court of justice, or edict 
 of a legislature. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A C T 
 
 Tliey make edicts for usury, to support usurers ; 
 
 repeal' daily any wholesonie art, established 
 
 against the" rich"; and provide more piercing 
 
 smtutes daily, to chain up and restrain the poor. 
 
 Shakesiteare's Cnrioltiniis. 
 
 You, that arekins, though he do wear the crown. 
 Have caiiv'd him, By new act of parliament, 
 To blot out me. Shakesi^ares Henry VI. 
 
 9. Record o( judicial proceedings. 
 
 .Tudichil arts are all those matters, which relate 
 to "judicial proceediiiffs; and, being reduced into 
 writing by a |,iiblic1iotary, are recorded by the 
 authority" of the judge. _ Aylije. 
 
 A'CTION. V. s. [aclion Fr. actio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The quality or state of acting, oppositc- 
 
 to rest. 
 
 O noble English, that could entertain. 
 With half their forces, the full power of France ; 
 And let another half stand laughing by, 
 All out of work, and cold for n'ction. 
 
 Shake.'^peare's Henry \ . 
 
 2. An act, or thing done ; a deed. 
 
 This action, I now go on. 
 Is forme better grace. Shakesp. irintcr's Tate. 
 
 God never accepts a good inclination instead of 
 a good action, where tha't action may be done ; nay, 
 so" much the contrary, that, if a good inclination 
 be not seconded h"y a good action, the want of 
 that action is made s'o much the more criminal and 
 inexcusable. Soutli. 
 
 3. Agency, operation. 
 
 It is better therefore, that the earth shoidd 
 move about its own center, and make those useful 
 vicissitudes of night and day, than expose always 
 the same side to the action of the sun. Bentley. 
 
 He has settled laws, and laid down rules ; con- 
 formable to which, natural bodies are governed 
 in their actions upon one another. Cheyne. 
 
 4. The series of events, represented in a 
 
 fable. 
 
 This action should have three qualifications. 
 First, it should le but one action ; secondly, it 
 should be an entire action ; aiid, thirdly, it should 
 be a great action. Addison. 
 
 5. Gesticulation; the accordance of the 
 motions of tlie body, with the words 
 spoken ; a part of oratory. 
 
 —He. that speaks, doth eripc the hearer's wrist ; 
 While he, that hears, makes fearful action 
 ■With wrinkled brows. Sliakesp. King John. 
 
 Our orators are observed to make use of less 
 gesture or action, than those of other countries. 
 ^ Addiion. 
 
 6. [In law.] It is used with the preposi- 
 tion un:ahist, before the person ; and 
 for, before the thing. 
 
 Actions are personal, real, and mixed. Action per- 
 sonal belongs to a mail against another, by reason 
 of any contract, otTence, or cau.se ; of like force 
 with a contract or ofl'encc, made or done by him or 
 some other, for whose fact he is to answer. Action 
 real is given to any man against another, that i)Os- 
 sesses the thing required or sued for, in his own 
 name, and no other man's. Action raixt, is that, 
 which lies as well against or for the thing, which 
 we seek ; as against the person, that hath it : called 
 miit, because it hath a mixt respect, both to the 
 thing and to the person. 
 
 Action is divided into civil, penal, and mixt. 
 Action civil is that, which tends only to the re- 
 covery of that, which is due to us ; as a sum of 
 money formerly lent, ^rtioii penal is that, which 
 aims at some penalty or punishment in the party 
 sued, he it corporal'or pecuniary ; as, in common 
 law, the next friends of a man" feloniously slain 
 shall pursue the law against the murderer. Action 
 mixt IS tl'at, which seeks both, the thing whereof 
 we are deprived, and a penalty also for the unjust 
 detaining of the same. 
 
 .-Iction apon ttie case, is an action given for redress 
 of wrongs, done without force against any man, 
 bv law not specially provided for. 
 
 Action upon the statute, is an action brought 
 against a man upon breach of a statute. Couxll. 
 
 There was never man, could have a justcr action 
 against filthy fortune, than I ; since, all other 
 
 ACT 
 
 things being granted rae, her blindness is tl* 
 only letl. Sidney. 
 
 For our reward then ; 
 First, all our debts are paid ; dangers of law, 
 Acti,ms, decrees, judgments, against us, quitted. 
 
 B. Jonson. 
 
 7. In the plural, in France, the same as 
 
 stocks in England. 
 A'CTIONABLE. af/j. [from aciion.] That, 
 which admits an action in law to be 
 brought against it ; punishable. 
 
 His process was formed ; w hereby he was found 
 guilty of nought else, ll-at I could learn, which 
 was actionabte, but of ambition. 
 
 HouelCs Vocal Forest. 
 Xo man's face is actionalile : these singularities 
 are interpretable from more iimoccnt causes. 
 
 Collier. 
 
 A'CTIONARYfor ACTIONIST. U.S. [from 
 
 action.} One, that has a share in ac- 
 
 tiuns or stocks. 
 
 Action-taking, adj. Accustomed to 
 
 resent by means of law ; litigious. 
 
 A knave, a rascal, a filthy worsted-stocking 
 knave ; a lily-liver'd action-taking knave. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Actita'tion. n. s [from actito, Lat.] 
 Action quick and frequent. Diet. 
 
 To A'ctivate. 1'. a. [from active.] To 
 make active. Tills word is perhaps 
 used only by the author alleged. 
 
 As snow and ice, especially being holpen, and 
 their cold activated by nitre or salt, will turn water 
 into ice, and that in a few hours ; so, it may be, 
 it will turn wood or still clay into stone, in longer 
 time. Bacon. 
 
 A'ctive. adj. [activtis, Lat.] 
 
 I. That, which has the power or quality 
 of acting. 
 
 These particles have not only a tis inertiit, ac- 
 companied wiih such passive laws of motion, as 
 naturally result from that force ; but also they are 
 moved f>v certain uclite principles, such as is that 
 of CTaviiy, and that, which causes fermentation, 
 and the cohesion of bodies. teuton's Optics. 
 
 2- That, which acts; opposed to passive, 
 or tliat which suffers. 
 
 — A\ hen an even flame two hearts did touch ; 
 His oftice was, indulgently to fit 
 -Jctirfs to passives : correspondency 
 Only his subject was. Donne. 
 
 If you think that, by mnltiplving the addita- 
 mcnts in the same proportion that you multiply 
 the ore, the work will follow , you may be de- 
 ceived : for quantity in the passive will add more 
 resistance, tlian the quantity in the artJre will 
 add force. " Bacon. 
 
 3. Busy, engaged in action ; opposed to 
 idle or sedentary, or any state of which 
 the duties are performed only by the 
 mental powers. 
 
 'Tis virtuous action, that must praise bring forth; 
 Without which, slow advice is httle worth: 
 Yet thtv, who give good counsel, praise deserve ; 
 Tho', in"the ortii-e pai^t they cannot serve. Denham. 
 
 4. Practical; not merely theoretical. 
 
 The world hath had in these men fresh experi- 
 ence, how dangerous such active errors are. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 5. Nimble ; agile ; quick. 
 
 Some bend the stubborn bow for victory ; 
 And some with darts their urtii* sinews try. 
 
 Dfi/dfli. 
 
 6. In grammar. 
 
 A verb active is tliat, which signifies action ; — 
 as I teach. Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 
 A'CTIVELY. adv. [from active.] In an 
 active maimer ; busily ; nimbly. In an 
 active signification ; as, the word is 
 used actively. 
 
 E 25
 
 ACT 
 
 A'CTIVENESS. M.S. [from Qf/iiie.] The 
 quality of being active ; quickness ; 
 nimbleness. This is a word more rarely 
 used than activity. 
 
 What strange agility and acth-eness do our com- 
 mon tumblers and dancors on llie rope attain to, 
 by continual exercise ! Wdkin's Math. Magkk. 
 
 ACTi'viTY. n. s. [from active.] The 
 quality of being active, applied either 
 to things or persons. 
 
 Salt put to ice, as in tbe producing of the arti- 
 ficial ice, iiiereaseth the activUxi of cold. Bacon. 
 Our adversary will not be idle, thougli " e are : 
 lie watches every turn of our soul, and incident of 
 our life ; and, if we remit our actk'hy, will take 
 advantage of our indolence. Rogers. 
 
 A'cTOR. n. s. [actor, Lat.] 
 
 1. He that acts or perforins any thing. 
 
 The virtues of either age may correct the de- 
 fects of both ; and good for succe'ssion, that young 
 men may be learners, while men in age are acton. 
 
 Bacon- 
 He, who writes an Encomium Keroim, if he does 
 it heartily, is himself but a transcript of Nero in 
 his mind ; and would gladly enough see such 
 pranks, as he was famous for, acted again, thougli 
 he dares not be the actor of thera himself. South. 
 
 2. He that personates a character ; a 
 stage-player. 
 
 Would you have 
 Such an Herculean actor in the scene, 
 And not this hydra? They must sweat no less. 
 To fit tlieir properties, than t'express their parts. 
 
 BenJonson. 
 When a good actor doth his part present. 
 In every act he our attention draws ; 
 That at 'the last he may find just applause. 
 
 Deuham. 
 These false beauties of the stage are no more 
 lasting than a rainbow ; when the actor ceases to 
 shine upon them, they vanish in a twinkling^ 
 
 Vriidens Spanish~Friar. 
 
 A'CTRESS. n. s. [actrice, Fr.] 
 
 1. She that performs any thing. 
 
 Virgil has indeed admitted Fame, as an actress, 
 in the JEneid : but the part she acts is very short ; 
 and none of the moat admired circtmistances of 
 that divine work. Addison. 
 
 We sprights have just such natures. 
 We had (for all the world) when human creatures ; 
 And therefore I, that was an actress here. 
 Play all my tricks in hell, a goblin there. Drydeti 
 
 2. A woman, that plays on the stage. 
 A'CTUAL. adj. [acliiet, Fr.] 
 
 1. That, which comprises action. 
 
 In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking 
 and other actual performances, what at any time 
 have you heard her say ? Shakc^eare's Macbeth. 
 
 2. Really in act ; not merely potential. 
 
 Sin, there in pow'r, before 
 Once actual; now in body, and to dwell 
 Habitual habitant. _ Milton. 
 
 3. In act ; not purely in speculation. 
 For he, that but conceives a crime in thought. 
 
 Contracts the danger of an actual fault : 
 Then, what must he expect, that still proceeds 
 To finish sin, and work up thoughts to deeds ? 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Actua'lity. n. s. [from actual.] The 
 state of being actual. 
 
 Th' actuality of these spiritual qualities is thus 
 imprisoned, though their potentiality be not quite 
 destroyed : and thus a crass, extended, impene- 
 trable, passive, divisible, unintelligent substance 
 is generated, which we call matter, Cheyne. 
 
 A'ctually. adv. [from acfual.] In act; 
 iu effect; really. 
 
 All mankind acknowledge themselves able and 
 sufficient to do many things, which actua/Zj/ they 
 never do. South. 
 
 Read one of the Chronicles ; and 3'ou will think, 
 YOU were reading a history of the kings of Israel or 
 judah, where the historians were Oct ua//j; inspired ; 
 
 A C U 
 
 and where, by a particular scheme of jirovidence, 
 the kings were distinguished by judgments or 
 blessings, according as they promoted idolatry, 
 or the worship of the true God. Addison- 
 
 Though our temporal prospects should be full 
 of danger, or though the days of sorrow should 
 actually overtake us, yet still we must repose our- 
 selves on God. Rogers. 
 
 A'ctualness. n. s. [from actual.] The 
 
 quality of being actual. 
 A'CTUARY. n. s. [actua7-ius, Lat] The 
 register who compiles the minutes of 
 the proceedings of a court ; a term of 
 the civil law. 
 
 Suppose the judge should say, that he would 
 have the keeping of the acts of court remain with 
 him, and the notary will have tlie custody of them 
 with himself ; certainly in this case the actuary or 
 writer of them ought "to be preferred. Ayliffe. 
 
 A'cTUATE. adj. [from the verb To ac- 
 tuate.] Put into action ; animated ; 
 brought into effect. 
 
 The active informations of the intellect, filling 
 the passive reception of the will, like form closing 
 witli matter, grew acttuite into a third and distinct 
 perfection of practice. South. 
 
 To A'CTUATE. v. a. [from ago, actum, 
 Lat.] To put into action ; to invigorate, 
 or increase the powers of motion. 
 
 The light, made by this animal, depends upon 
 a living spirit ; and seems by some vital irradiation, 
 to be actuated into tiiis lustre. 
 
 Brown s Vulgar Erronrs. 
 Such is every man, who has not actuated the 
 grace given him, to the subduing of every reitining 
 sin. Decay of Riety. 
 
 I\Ien of the greatest abilities are most fired with 
 ambition ; and, on the contrary, mean and nar- 
 row minds are the least actuated by it. Addison. 
 Our passions are the springs, which actuate the 
 powers of our nature. Rogers. 
 
 AcTUo'sE. adj. [from act.] That wliich 
 hath strong powers of action ; a word 
 little used. 
 
 To A'CUATE. V. a. [acuo, Lat.] To 
 shaii^en ; to invigorate with any powers 
 of sharpness. 
 
 Immoderate feeding upon powdered beef, pic- 
 kled meats, and debauching with strong wines, do 
 inflame and acuate the blood ; whereby it is capaci- 
 tated to corrode the lungs. Harvey on Consump. 
 
 Acu'leate. adj. [aculeatus, Lat.] That, 
 which has a point or sting : prickly ; 
 that, which terminates ia a sharp point. 
 
 ACUMEN, n.s. [Lat.] A sharp point; 
 figuratively, quickness of intellects. 
 
 The word was much affected by tlie learned 
 Aristarchus in common conversation, to signify 
 genius or natural acumen. Pope. 
 
 Acuminated, part. adj. Ending in a 
 point ; sharp-pointed. 
 
 This is not acuminated and pointed, as in the 
 rest ; but seemeth, as it were, cut otF. 
 
 Broum's Vulgar Errours. 
 I appropriate this word, KoU me tangere, to a 
 small round acuminated tubercle ; which hath not 
 much pain, unless touched or rubbed, or exaspe- 
 rated by topicks. Wiseman. 
 ACUTE, adj. [acutits Lat.] 
 
 1 . Sharp, ending in a point ; opposed to 
 obtuse or blunt. 
 
 Having the ideas of an obtuse and an acute an- 
 gled triangle, both drawn from equal bases and be- 
 tween parallels ; I can by intuitive knowledge, 
 perceive the one not to be the other; but cannot 
 that way know, whether they be equal. Locke. 
 
 2. In a figurative sense, applied to men ; 
 ingenious ; penetrating ; opposed to 
 dull or stupid. 
 
 The acute and ingenious author, among many 
 
 ADA 
 
 very fine thoughts and uncommon reflections, has 
 started the notion of seemg all things in God. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. Spoken of the senses, vigorous ; power- 
 ful in operation. 
 
 Were our senses altered, and made much quicker 
 and acuter, the appearance and outward scheme of 
 things would have quite another face to us. Locke. 
 
 i. Acute disease. Any disease, which is 
 attended with an increased velocity of 
 blood, and tenninates in a few days ; op- 
 posed to chronical. Quincy. 
 
 5. Acute accent; that, which raises or 
 sharpens the voice. 
 
 Acutely, adv. [from acute.] After an 
 acute manner ; sharply : it is used, as 
 well in the figurative as primitive sense. 
 He, that will look into many parts of Asia and 
 America, will find men reason there, perhaps as 
 acutely as Iiiraself, who yet never heard of a syl- 
 logism. _ LiKke. 
 
 Acu'teness. n.s. [from flCMte, which see.] 
 \. Sharpness. 
 
 2. Force of intellects. 
 
 They would not be so apt to think, tliat there 
 could be nothing added to the acuteness and 
 penetration of their understandings. Locke. 
 
 3. Quickness and vigour of senses. 
 
 If eyes so framed could not view at once tl»e 
 hand and the hour-plate, their owner could not 
 be benefited hy tivat acutencss ; which, whilst it 
 discovered the secret contrivance of the machine, 
 made him lose its use. Locke. 
 
 4. Violence and speedy crisis of a malady. 
 We apply present remedies, according to indi- 
 cations ; respecting rather the aculeness of the dis- 
 ease, and precipitancy of the occasion, than the 
 rising and setluig of stars. Broume. 
 
 5. Sharpness of sound. 
 
 This acuteness ot sound will shew that, whilst 
 to the eye the bell seems to be at rest, yet the 
 minute parts of it continue in a very brisk motion, 
 without which they could not strike the air. Boyle. 
 
 Ada'cted. 2""'^- "'(/• [adactus, Lat.] 
 Driven by force ; a word little used. 
 The verb adtict is not used. Diet. 
 
 A'dage. n.s. [adagiitm, Lui.] A maxim, 
 handed down from antiquity ; a proverb. 
 Shallow unimproved intellects are confident pre- 
 tenders to certainty ; as if, contrary to the adage, 
 science had no friend but ignorance. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis Scientijica. 
 Fine fruits of leaniing ! old ambitious fool, 
 Dar'st thou apply that adage of the school : 
 As if 'tis nothing worth, that lies conceai'd ; 
 And science is not science, till reveal'd ? Dryd. 
 
 ADAGIO, n. s. [Itahan, at leisure.] A 
 term used by musicians, to mark a slow 
 time. 
 
 A'DAMANT. n.s. [adamas,'La.<i..i.ii.i^ix.i, 
 Gr. from a. and Ja^aa, to tame or sub- 
 due ; that is insuperable, infrangible.] 
 
 1. A stone, imagined by writers, of im- 
 penetrable hardness. 
 
 So ereat a fear my name amongst them spread ; 
 That they suppos'd I could rend bars of steel. 
 And spurn in pieces posts of adamant. Shakesp. 
 
 Satan, with vast and haughty strides aJvanc'd, 
 Came tow'ring, arm'd in adamant and gold. Milt. 
 
 Eternal Deities, 
 Who rule the world with absolute decrees ; 
 And write, whatever time shall bring to pass. 
 With pens of adamaiU, on plates of brass. Dryd. 
 
 2. The diamond. 
 
 Hardness, wherein some stones exceed all other 
 bodies ; and among them, the adamant all other 
 stones, being exalted to that degree thereof, that 
 art in vain endeavours to counterfeit it : the facti- 
 tious stones of chyiuists in imitation, being easily 
 detected by an orilinarj lapidist. Ray on the Crea. 
 
 m
 
 ADA 
 
 3. Adamant is taken for the loadstone. 
 
 You draw me, you hard-hearted adamant ! 
 But yet you draw not iron ; for my licart 
 Is true as steel. Shakespeare. 
 
 Let hhn change his lodging from one part of the 
 town to another, which is a great adamant of ac- 
 quaintance. Bacon. 
 
 Adamante'an. aJj. [from adamant.] 
 Hard as adamant. 
 
 He, weaponless himself. 
 Made anus ridiculous, usiless the forgery 
 Of brazen shield and spear, the hamiuer'd cuirass, 
 Chalybean temper'd steel, and frock of mail 
 Adamantean jjroof. Milton. 
 
 This word occurs perhaps only in this 
 passage. 
 Adamantine. ailj. [adamantinus 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Made of adamant. 
 
 Wide is the fronting gate ; and, rais'd on high 
 With adiimantine i-u\mmn, threats the sky. Dryd. 
 
 2. Having the qualities of adamant ; as, 
 hardness ; indissolubility. 
 
 Could Eve's " cak hand, extended to the tree. 
 In sunder rend that adamantine chain ; 
 
 Whose golden links ert'ects and causes be ; 
 And which to God's own cliair doth lix'd remain ? 
 
 Davies. 
 
 An eternal sterility must have possessed the 
 world, w here all things had been fixed and fastetied 
 everlastingly wiih the arfamanfinechains of specific 
 gravity ; it the Almighty had not spoken and said, 
 ' Let the earth brini' fo'rth grass, the herb yield- 
 ing seed, and the fruit-tree yielding fruit, after 
 its kind :' and it was so. Bentiey. 
 
 In adamantine chains shall death be bound. 
 And hell's grim tyrant feel th' eternal wound. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Tho' adamantine bonds the chief restrain, 
 The dire restraint his wisdom will defeat. 
 And soon restore him to his regal seat. Pope. 
 
 A'dam's-a'pple. n. s. [in anatomy.] A 
 
 prominent part of the throat. 
 To ADA'PT. v. a. [adapto, Lat.] To fit 
 one thing to another ; to suit ; to pro- 
 portion. 
 
 'Tis true, but let it not be known, 
 IVIy eyes are somewhat dimmish grown j 
 Fur nature, alwa^-s in the right. 
 To your decays adapts my sight. Swift. 
 
 It is not enough that nothing offends tlie ear ; 
 but a good poet will adapt the very sounds, as well 
 as words, to the things he treats of. 
 
 Pope's Letters. 
 
 Adapt a'tion. n. s. [from adapt.] The 
 act of fitting one thing to another ; the 
 fitness of one thing to another. 
 
 Some species there be of middle natures ; that 
 is, of bird and beast, as batts : yet are their parts 
 so set togellier, that we caiuiot define the begin- 
 ning or end of either ; there being a commixtion 
 of both, rather than adaptatiijn or cement of the 
 one unto the other. Brou-n'sVulgar Erronrs. 
 
 Adhesion may be in part ascribed, either to 
 some elastical motion in the pressed glass ; or to 
 the exquisite atfupfatjott of the almost numberless 
 (though very small) asperities of the one, and the 
 numerous little cavities of the other ; wliereby the 
 surfaces do lock in with one another, or are (as it 
 were) clasped together. Boyle. 
 
 Adaption, n. s. [from adapt.] The 
 
 act of fitting. 
 
 It were alone a suiRcient work, to shew all the 
 necessities, the wise contrivances, and prudent 
 adaptions, of these admirable machiues, for the 
 benefit of the whole. Cheyne. 
 
 Adaptness. n. s. [for adaptedness, 
 from adapt.] 
 
 Some notes are to display the adaptness of the 
 sound to the sense. Dr. Keuton. 
 
 This word I have found no where 
 else. 
 
 ADD 
 
 To Adco'rporate. v. (I. [from rt(/ and 
 corpus.] To unite one body with an- 
 other ; more usually wrote accorporate ; 
 which see. 
 
 To ADD. t'. a. [addo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To join something to that wliich was 
 before. 
 
 Mark if his birth makes any difference ; 
 If, to his words, it adds one grant of sense. Dryd. 
 
 Thev, whose muses have the highest flown. 
 Add not to his immortal memorv, 
 But do an act of friendship to t"lieir own. Dryd. 
 
 2. To perform tlie mental operation of 
 adding one number or conception to an- 
 other. To add to is proper ; but to 
 add together seems a solecism. 
 
 Whatsoever positive ideaa man has in his mind, 
 of any qtiantity ; he can repeat it, and add it to 
 the former, as'easily as he can add together the 
 ideas of two days or two years. Lochc. 
 
 A'ddable. adj. [from add.] That to 
 which something may be added : Addi- 
 ble is more proper. It signifies more 
 properly that which may be added. 
 
 The first number, in every addition, is called 
 tlie addable number ; the other, the number or 
 numbers added ; and the number invented by 
 the addition, the aggregate or sum. Coche'r. 
 
 To Adde'cimate. r.a. [addecimo, Lat.] 
 
 To take or ascertain tithes. Diet. 
 
 To Adde'em. v. a. [from deem.] To 
 
 esteem ; to account. This word is now 
 
 out of use. 
 
 She scorns to be addeem'd so worthless-base. 
 As to be moved to sucli an infamy. 
 
 Daniel's Civill]'ar^. 
 
 A'dder. n. s. [JErzeyi, I£xzo]\, Nab&pe, 
 as it seems from cirrep, Sax. poison.] 
 A serpent, a viper, a poisonous reptile ; 
 perhaps of any species. In common 
 language, adders and snakes are not the 
 same. 
 
 Or is the adder better than the eel. 
 Because his painted skin contents the eye ? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 An adder did it ; for, with doubler tongue 
 Than thine, thou serpent, never adder stung. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Tlie adder teaches us where to strike, by her 
 curious and fearful defending of her head. 
 
 Ta ulor. 
 
 A'dder's-grass. 71. s. The name of a 
 plant, imagined by Skinner to be so 
 named, because serpents lurk about it. 
 
 A'dder's-tongue. n. i. [ophioglossum, 
 Lat.] The name of an herb. 
 
 It hath no visible flower ; but the seeds are pro- 
 duced on a spike, which resembles a serpent's 
 tongue; which seed is contained in many longi- 
 tudinal cells. Miller. 
 The most common simples are conifrey, bugle, 
 agrimony, saniele, paul's-betony, flueHiu, jieri- 
 winkle, \idder's-tongue. \\'i<iemans Surgery. 
 
 A'dder's-wo'rt. n. s. An herb ; so 
 named on account of its virtue, real or 
 supposed, of curing tlie bite of serpents. 
 
 A'ddible. adj. [from add.] Possible to 
 be added. See Addable. 
 
 The clearest idea it can get of infinitv, is the 
 confused incomprehensible remainder o{ endless 
 addible numbers, which affords no prospect of 
 stop or boundary. Locke. 
 
 Addibi'lity. n. $. [from addible.] 
 The possibility of being added. 
 
 This endless addition or addibility (if any one 
 like the word better) of immbers. so apparent to 
 the mindj is that which gives us the clearest and 
 most distinct idea of infimty. Locke. 
 
 ADD 
 
 A'ddice. n. s. [for which we corruptly 
 speak and write adz, frcm abej-e. Sax. 
 an axe.] 
 
 The addiee hath its blade made thin, and some- 
 what arcliiug. As the axe hath its edge parallel 
 to its handle, so the addiee liath its edge athwart 
 the handle, and is ground to a basil on its inside 
 to its outer edge. Moion's Mechanical Eierciiei. 
 
 To ADDICT. V. a. [addico, Lat.] 
 \. To devote, to dedicate, in a good 
 sense ; which is rarely used. 
 
 Ye know the house of Stephanus ; that they 
 have addicted themselves to the ministry of the 
 saints. 1 Ciir."xvi. 15. 
 
 '■2. It is commonly taken in a bad sense ; 
 
 as, he addicted himself to rice. 
 3. To devote one's self to any person, 
 party, or persuasion. A Latinism. 
 
 I am neither author or fautor of any sect : I 
 will have no man addict himself turae ; but, if I 
 have any thing right, defend it as truth's. 
 
 Ben Jonsim. 
 
 Addi'ctedness. n. s. [from addicted.] 
 The quality or state of being addicted. 
 Those know how little I have remitted of my 
 former addictednejis to make chymical experiments. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Addi'ction. «. s. [addictio, Lat.] 
 1 ; The act of devoting, or giving up. 
 2. The state of being devoted. 
 
 It is a wonder how his grace should glean it ; 
 Since his addiction was to cimrses vain ; 
 His companies uuletter'd, rude, and shallow; 
 His hours fill'd up with r'lots, banquets, sports. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 A'dditament. n. s. [additamenttini, 
 Lat.] The addition, or thing added. 
 
 Iron will not incorporate with brass, nor other 
 melals, of itself, by simple fire; so as the enquiry 
 must be upon the calcination, and theadditament, 
 and the charge of them. Bacon. 
 
 In a palace, there is first tlie case or fabrick, 
 or moles of the structure itself ; and besides that, 
 there are certain addilaments, that contribute to 
 its oniaiueut and use ; as, various furniture, rare 
 fountains and aqueducts, divers things appendi- 
 cated to it. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Addi'tion. ti. s. [from add.] 
 
 1 . The act of adding one thing to an- 
 other; opposed to diminution. 
 
 The infinite distance between the Creator and 
 the noblest of all creatures can never be mea- 
 sured, nor exhausted by endless addition of finite 
 de^Tecs. - " Bentiey. 
 
 2. Additament, or the thing added. 
 
 It will not be modestly done, if any of our 
 own wisdom intrude or interpose, or be willing to 
 make additions to what Christ and hU apostles 
 iiave designed. Hammond. 
 
 Some such resemblances, methinks, I find 
 Of our last evening's talk, in this tliy dream ; 
 But witli adiJifiimstrange ! Miltm. 
 
 The abolishing of viUanage, togetlier with the 
 custom (permitted among the nobles) of selling 
 their lands, was a mighty addition to the power of 
 the commons. Sirifi. 
 
 3. In axithmetick. 
 
 Addition is the reduction of two or more num- 
 bers of hke kind togetlier into one sum or total. 
 Cocker's Arithmetic. 
 
 4. In law. A title given to a man, over 
 and above his christian name and sur- 
 name; shewing his estate, degree, oc- 
 cupation, trade, age, place of dwelling. 
 
 Cou-el. 
 
 Only retain 
 The name, and all th' addition to a king ; 
 The sway, revenue, execution, 
 Beloved sons, be yours ; which to confirm. 
 This coronet part 6et»eeu you. 
 
 Sliahesp. K. Lear. 
 
 27
 
 A D D 
 
 From this time, 
 For what lu' did before Coriuli, call liim, 
 With all ill' apj>lause and clamour of the host, 
 Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Bear ih'addition nobly 
 ever. Shukespeare's Coriolanus. 
 
 There arose new disputes, upon the persons 
 named by the kino; j or rather, against the addi- 
 tions and appellations of title, uhich v.ere made 
 to their names. CUtrcndon. 
 
 Addi'tional. adj. [from addition.] 
 That which is added. 
 
 Our kalendar beini» once reformed and set right, 
 it may be kept so, without any considerable vari- 
 ation, for many ages, bj' omitting one leap-year ; 
 i. c. the additional day , at the end of every V>i 
 years. ' Holder on Time. 
 
 The greatest wits, that ever were produced in 
 one age, lived together in so good an understand- 
 ing, and celebrated one another with so much 
 generosity; that each of them receives an addi- 
 tional lustre, from his cotemj)oraries. Addison. 
 
 They include in them that very kind of evi- 
 dence, which is supposed to be powerful : and 
 do (withal) allord us several other additionul 
 proofs, of great force and clearness. Atterhanj. 
 
 Addi'tional. 71. s. Additament; some- 
 thing added. Not in use. 
 
 I\Iay be, some little additional may further tlie 
 incorporation. Bacon. 
 
 A'dditory. adj. [from add.] That 
 which has the power or quality of add- 
 in_i^. 
 
 The additory fiction gives to a great man a larger 
 share of reputation, than belongs to him ; to en- 
 able him, to serve some good end or purjiose. 
 
 Arhnlhnot. 
 
 A'DDLE. adj. [from abel, a disease, 
 Sax. according to Skinner and Junius : 
 perhaps from y&el, idle, barren, un- 
 fruitful.] Originally applied to eggs ; 
 and signifying such as produce nothing, 
 but grow rotten under the hen : thence 
 transferred to brains, that produce no- 
 thing. 
 
 ^ There's one with truncheon, like a ladle ; 
 That carries eggs too fresh or addle ; 
 And still at random, as he gt)es, 
 Among the rabble rout bestows. Hudibras. 
 
 After much solitariness, fasting or long sick- 
 ness, their brains were addle ; and their bellies as 
 empty of meat, as their heads of wit. 
 
 Burton on Melancholia. 
 
 Thus far the poet ; but his brains grow addU ] 
 And all the rest is purely from this noddle. Dnjd. 
 
 To A'ddle. v. a, [from addle, adj.] To 
 make addle; to corrupt; to make barren. 
 
 This is also evidenced in eggs, whereof the 
 sound ones sink ; and s\ich, as are addled, swira ; 
 as do also those, that are termed lnjpanemiee, or 
 wind eggs. Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 T'o A'ddle. r, w. To grow; to increase. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Where ivy embraceth the tree very sore. 
 Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more. 
 
 Tusser's Husbandry. 
 A'ddle-pa'ted. adj. Having addled 
 brains. See Addle. 
 
 Poor slaves in metre, dull and addle-pated ; 
 Who rhyme, below even David's psalms translated. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To ADDRE'SS. v. a. [addresser, Fr. 
 
 from dere^-ar, Span, from dirigo, di~ 
 
 ncfum, Lat.] 
 1 . To prepare one's self, to enter upon 
 
 any action ; as, he addressed himself to 
 
 the jvork. It has to, before the thing. 
 
 With him the Palmer eke, in habit sad. 
 Himself at///rest(t) that adventure hard. Fairy Q. 
 
 It lifted up \U head, and did address 
 itself to motion, like as it would speak. 
 
 ohakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 ADD 
 
 'Hien Turmis, from his cluiriut leaping liglit, 
 Addnss'd himself on foot lo siuyle fight. Drtfd. 
 
 2. To get ready ; to put in a state for im- 
 mediate use. 
 
 Tlicy fell directly on the English battle ; where- 
 upon the eari of Warwick addressed his men, to 
 tuke the Hank. Hayitard. 
 
 Duke Frederick hearing, how that every day 
 Men of great wortli resorted to this forest, 
 Address d a might}' power, which were on foot, 
 In his own conduct purposely to take 
 His brother hero. Shuhtsiieare, Asyoit like it. 
 
 To-night in liarfleur we will he your guest ; 
 To-morrow for the march we are aAdrcst. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To apply to another by words, with 
 various forms of construction. 
 
 4. Sometimes without a preposition. 
 
 To such I would address, with this most affec- 
 tionate petition. Decuij of'Picty. 
 
 Amon^ the crowd, but far above the rest, 
 Young lurnus to the beauteous maid addrest. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Are not your orders to address the senate ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 5. Sometimes with to. 
 Addressing to PoUio, his great patron, and iiiin- 
 
 self no vulgar poet, he began to assert his native 
 character, which is suhlinnty. JJrijden. 
 
 6. Sometimes with the reciprocal pronoun ; 
 as, he addressed himself to the general. 
 
 7. Sometimes with the accusative of the 
 matter of the address, wliich may be 
 the nominative to the passive. 
 
 The young hero had addressed Wis prayers to hiin 
 for his assistance. " Driidtn. 
 
 The prince himself, with awfid dread posscss'd, 
 His i:ou'S to great Apollo thus nrWi-cst. Dryden. 
 
 His suit was common ; but, above the rest, 
 To both the brother-princes thus addrest. Dryden. 
 
 8. To address [in law] is, to apply to the 
 king in form. 
 
 The represcntafivesof the nation in parliament, 
 and the privy-council, address'd the king, to have 
 it recalled. Swift. 
 
 Address, n. s. [addresse, Fr.] 
 1 . \'erbal application to any one, by way 
 of persuasion ; petition. 
 
 Henry, in knots involving Emma's name. 
 Had half-confess'd and halt^conceal'd his flame, 
 Upon this tree ; and, as the tender mark 
 Grew with the year, and widcn'd with the bark, 
 \>nus had heard the virgin's soft address ; 
 That, as the wound, the passion might increase. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 INIost of the persons, to whom these addresses 
 are made, are not wise and skilful judges ; but are 
 
 influenced by their own sinful apjjetites and jias- 
 sions. WaUs's Imp. of the Mind. 
 
 2. Courtship. 
 They often have reveal'd their passions to me : 
 
 But, tell rae, whose address thou favour'st most j 
 I long to know, and yet I dread to hear it. 
 
 Addison. 
 A gentleman, whom (I am sure) you yourself 
 would have approved, made his addresses to me. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 3. Manner of addressing another ; as, we 
 say, a man of a happy or a pleasing ad- 
 dress ; a man of an aivkward address. 
 
 4. Skill, dexterity. 
 I could produce innumerable instances from my 
 
 own observation, of events imputed to the pro- 
 found skill and address of a minister ; which, in 
 reality, were cither mere efl'ects of negligence, 
 weakness, humour, passion, or pride ; oratbest 
 but the natural course of things, left to them- 
 selves. Svft. 
 
 5. Manner of directing a letter ; a sense 
 chiefly mercantile. 
 
 Addre'sser. n. s. [from address.] 
 The person that addresses or petitions. 
 
 A D E 
 
 Addu'cent. adj. [adducens, Lat.] A 
 word applied to those muscles, that 
 bring forward, close, or draw togetlier, 
 the parts of the body to which they are 
 annexed. Quincy. 
 
 To Addu'lce. I', a. [addoucir, Fr. dul- 
 cis, Lat.] To sweeten, a word not in 
 use now. 
 
 Thus did the French ambassadors, with great 
 show of their king's aft'ection, and many sugared 
 words, seek to acldulce all matters between the 
 two kings. Bacon's Henry \'ll. 
 
 A'deling, n. s. [fi-om se&el, Sax. illus- 
 trious.] A word of honour among the 
 Angles, properly appertaining to the 
 king's children ; king Edward the Con- 
 fessor, being without issue, and intend- 
 ing to make Edgar his heir, called him 
 Adeling. Cowell, 
 
 Adeno'graphy. n. s. [from dfntota 
 gland, and y^a.(pu, to write, Gr.] A 
 treatise of the glands. 
 
 Ade'mption. n. s. \adimo,ademptum, 
 Lat.] Taking away ; privation. Diet. 
 
 Ade'pt. n. s. [from adeptiis, Lat. that 
 is, adeptus artem.] He, that is com- 
 pletely skilled in all ihe secrets of his 
 art. It is, in its original signification, ap- 
 propriated to the chymists ; but is now 
 extended, to other artists. 
 
 The preservation of chastity is easy to true 
 adepts. " Pope. 
 
 Ade'pt. adj. Skilful ; thoroughly versed. 
 
 If there be really such adept philosophers, as 
 we are told of; I am apt to tlunk that, among 
 their arcana, they are masters of extremely po- 
 tent menstruuius. Boyle. 
 
 A'dequate. adj. [adequattis, Lat.] 
 Equal to; proportionate; correspondent 
 to, so as to bear an exact resemblance or 
 proportion. It is used generally in a 
 figurative sense, and often with the 
 particle to. 
 
 Contingent death seems to be the whole ade- 
 quate object of popular courage ; but a necessary 
 and unavoidable cotfni strikes paleness into the 
 stoutest heart. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 The arguments were proper, adequate, and suf- 
 ficient to compass their respective ends. South. 
 
 All our simple ideas are adequate ; because be- 
 ing nothing but the effects of certain powers in 
 thuigs, fitted and ordained by God to jiroduce 
 such sensations in us, they cannot but be cor- 
 respondent and adequate to those powers. Locke. 
 
 'f hose are adequate ideas, which perfectly re- 
 present their archetypes or objects. Inadeq'uale 
 are but a partial or incomplete representation of 
 those archetypes, to which they are referred. 
 
 IVatts^s Logick. 
 A'dequately. adv. [from adequate. 
 
 1. In an adequate manner; with just- 
 ness of representation ; with exactness 
 of proportion. 
 
 Gratitude consists adequately, in tliese two 
 things : first, tliat it is a debt ; and, secondly, that 
 it is such a debt, as is left to every man's inge- 
 imity. whether he will pay or no. South. 
 
 2. It is used with the particle to. 
 
 Piety is the necessary Christian virtue, propor- 
 tionQt\\dequately to the omniscience and s}>irilua- 
 lily of tliat infinite Deit}'. Hammond's Fundam. 
 A'deQUATENESS. 71. s. [from adequate.] 
 The state of being adequate ; justness of 
 representation; exactness of proportion. 
 Adespo'tick. adj. Not absolute ; not 
 despotic. Diet. 
 
 28
 
 A D H 
 
 To ADHE'RE. v. n. [adhtereo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To stick to ; as wax to tlie finger ; with 
 to, before the thing. 
 
 2. To stick, in a figurative sense ; to be 
 consistent ; to hold together. 
 
 Why ever; thing adheres together, that no dram 
 of a scruple, no scruple of a scruple, no incredu- 
 lous or unsafe circumstance — 
 
 Shakespeare's Twelfth flight. 
 
 3. To remain firmly fixed to a party, 
 person, or opinion. 
 
 Good gentlemen, he hath much talk'd of you ; 
 And sure I am, t«o men there are not livin:.'. 
 To whom he more adheres. Shuksp. Hamlet. 
 
 Every man of sense will agree witli mc, that 
 singularity is laudable ; when, in contradiction to 
 n multitude, it adheres to the diclates of con- 
 science, morality, and honour. Batile. 
 Adhe'rence. n. s. [from adhrre.1 See 
 
 Adhesion. 
 J . The quality of adhering or sticking 
 
 tenacit_v. 
 2. In a figurative sense ; fixedness of 
 mind ; steadiness, fidelity. 
 
 The lirm adherence of the .Tews to their religion 
 is no less retuarkable than their disjiersion ; con- 
 sidering it as persecuted or contennied over the 
 whole earth. Addison. 
 
 A constant adherence to one sort of diet may 
 have bad effects on any constitution. 
 
 Arhuthnot (ni Aliments. 
 
 Plain good sense, and a firm adherence to the 
 
 point, have proved more effectual, than those arts, 
 
 flhich are contemptuously called the spirit of ne- 
 
 gociating. Stciti. 
 
 Adhe'rency. n. s. [The same with ad- 
 herence.] 
 
 1. Steady attachment. 
 
 2. That which adheres. 
 Vices have a native adherency of vexation. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 Adhe'rent. adj. [from adhere.] 
 1. Sticking to. 
 
 Close to the cliff, with both his hands he clung ; 
 And stuck adherent, and suspended hung. Piipe. 
 S. United with. 
 
 Modes are said to be inherent or adherent ; that 
 is, proper or improper. Adherent or impro;ier 
 modes arise, from the joining of some accidental 
 substance to the chief subject, which yet may be 
 separated from it : so, when a bowl is wet, or a boy 
 is clothed, these are adherent modes ; for the water 
 and the clothes are distinct substances, which ad- 
 here to the bowl or to the boy. Tratts's Logich. 
 
 Adherent, w. j. [from arf/iere ] 
 
 1. The person that adheres; one that 
 supports the cause, or follows the fortune 
 of another; a follower, a partisan. 
 
 Princes must give protection to their subjects and 
 adherents when worthy occasion shall require it. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 A uew war roust be undertaken, upon the advice 
 
 of those who, with their partisans and adherents, 
 
 were to be the sole gainers by it. Suiji. 
 
 2. .\ny thing outwardly belonging to a 
 person. 
 
 When they cannot shake the main fort, they 
 must try if* they can possess themselves of the 
 outworks ; raise some prejudice against his dis- 
 cretion, his humour, his carriage, and his extrin- 
 sic adherents. Goiernnient of the Tongue. 
 
 Adherer, n. *. [from adhere.] He that 
 
 adheres. 
 
 He ought to be indulgent to tender consciences ; 
 but, at the same time, a firm adherer to the esta- 
 blished church. Suift. 
 
 Adhe'sion. n. s. [adhasio, Lat.] 
 1. The act or state of sticking to some- 
 thing. Adhesion is generally used in 
 the natural and adherence in the meta- 
 
 A D J 
 
 pliorical sense : as, the adhesion of iron 
 to the magnet ; and adherence of a 
 client to his patron* 
 
 \\'hv tliercfore mav not the minute parts of 
 other bodies, if they "be conveniently shaped for 
 adhesion, stick to one another as well as stick to 
 this spirit ? Uoy/e. 
 
 The rest (consisting wholly in the sensible con- 
 figuration, as smooth and ro*ugh ; or else more or 
 less firm adhesion of the parts, as hard and soft, 
 tough and brittle) are obvious. Locke. 
 
 Prove that all things (on occasion) 
 Love union, and desire adhesion. Prior. 
 
 It is soinelimes tiiken (like adherejict) 
 figuratively, for firmness to an opinion, 
 or steadiness in a practice. 
 
 The same want of sincerity, the same adhesion 
 to vice, and aversion from goodness, will be 
 eQuaUy a reason fur their rejecting any proof 
 wliatsoever. Atterhurij. 
 
 Adhe'sive. adj\ [^rom adhesion.] Stick- 
 ini^ ; tenacious. 
 
 If slow, yet sure, adhesive to the tract. 
 Hot steamint; up. Thomson. 
 
 To ADHIBIT, r. a. [adhibeo, Lat.] To 
 apply ; to make use of. 
 
 Salt, a necessary ini.Tedicnt in ail sacrifices, 
 was adhibited and reqiured in tliis view only, as 
 an emblem of purification. 
 
 President Forbes's Letter to a bishop. 
 .Adhi'bition. n. s. [from adhibit.] Ap- 
 plication ; use. Diet. 
 .\dj.Vcency. n. s. [from adjacco, Lat.] 
 
 1. The state of lying close to another 
 thing. 
 
 2. That which is adjacent. See Adja- 
 cent. 
 
 Because the Cape hath sea on both sides near 
 it, and other lanas (remote as it were) equi- 
 distant from it ; therefore, at that point, the 
 needle is not distracted by the vicinity of ad- 
 jacencies. Brown's Vulgar F.rrours. 
 
 Adja'cent. adj. [adjacens, Lat.] Lying 
 near or close; bordering upon some- 
 thing. 
 
 It may corrupt within Itself, although no part 
 of it issue into the body adjacent. Bacon. 
 
 I'niform pellucid mediums, such as water, have 
 no sensible reflection but in their external super- 
 ficies, where thev are adjacent to other mediums 
 of a different density. Neu'ton. 
 
 .Adja'cent. n.s. That which lies next 
 another. 
 
 The sense of the author goes visibly in its own 
 train ; and the words, receivinga determined sense 
 from their companions and adjacents, will not con- 
 sent to give countenance and colour to what must 
 be supported at any rale. Locke. 
 
 ADlA'PHOROU.s.flrf;.[aJi«if!i){<*-, Gr.] Neu- 
 tral ; particularly used of some spirits 
 and salts, which are neither of an acid 
 or alkaline nature. Qtiinct/. 
 
 Our adiaphorous spirit may be obtained by dis- 
 tilling the liquor that is afforded by woods and 
 divers other bodies. 
 
 Adia'phory. n. s. [dhapo^ia, Gr.] Neu- 
 trality ; indifference. 
 
 To .\DJE'CT. I', a. [adjicio, adjectiim, 
 Lat.] To add to ; to put to another thing. 
 
 Adje'ction. n.s. [adjictio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of adjecting or adding. 
 
 2. The thing adjected or added. 
 That unto every pound of sulphur, an adjec- 
 
 tion of one ounce of quicksilver ; or unto everv 
 pound of peter, one ounce of sal-ammoniac, will 
 much intend the force, and consequently the re- 
 port, I find no verity. Brown s Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 Adjecti'tious, adj. [from adject ion.] 
 .\dded ; thrown in upon the rest. 
 
 A D J 
 
 A'djective. W.J. [adjecfivum, Lat.] A 
 word added to a noun, to signify the 
 addition or separation of some quality, 
 circumstance, or manner of being ; as. 
 good, bad, are adjectives ; because, in 
 speech, they are applied to nouns, to 
 modify their signification, or intimate 
 the manner of existence in the things 
 signified tliereby. Clark's Latin Gram. 
 A\{ the versification of Claudiaii is included 
 within the compass of four or five lines, perpetu- 
 ally closing Us sense at the end of a verse ; and 
 that verse commonly, which they call golden ; or 
 two substantives and two adjeciius, with a verb 
 betwixt them, to keep the peace. Dniden 
 
 A'djectively. adv. [from adjective.] 
 After the manner of an adjective ; a term 
 of grammar. 
 Adiei;'. adv. [from « i>jV»/, used ellipti- 
 call}' for a D'leuje voits commcnde, used 
 at the departure of friends.] The form 
 of parting, originally importing a com- 
 mendation to the Divine care ; but now 
 used in a popular sense, sometimes to 
 things inanimate ; farewell ! 
 
 Ne gave him leave to bid that aged sire 
 Adieu ; but nimbly ran her wonted course. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Use a more spacious ceremony to the noble 
 lords ; you restrained yourself within the list irf 
 too cold an adieu; be more expressive to them. 
 
 Shakesp. All s well that ends well. 
 
 While now I take my last adieit. 
 Heave lliou no sigh, nor shed no tear ; 
 
 Lest vet my haIf-clos"d eye may view 
 On eartli an o'bject worth its care. Prior. 
 
 ToAdjo'in, v. a. [adjoindre, Fr. od- 
 Jungp, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To join to ; to unite to ; to put to. 
 
 As one, who long in populous city pent. 
 Forth issuing on a summer s morn to breathe 
 Among the pleasant villages and farms 
 Adjoin d, from each thing met conceives delight. 
 
 ihlton 
 
 Corrections or improvements should be as re- 
 marks adjoined, by way of note or commentar\-, 
 in tlieir proper places ;*and superadded to a re- 
 gular treatise. Waxts. 
 
 2. To fasten by a joint or juncture. 
 
 As a massy wheel, 
 Fixt on the summit of the highest mount, 
 To « liose huge spoke ten thousand lesser things 
 Are mortis'd and adjoined. Shakespeare. 
 
 To Adjoin, v. n. To be contiguous to ; 
 to lie next, so as to have nothing between. 
 
 Th' adjoining fane the assembled Greeks ex- 
 press'd, 
 .4nd hunting of the Caledonian beast. Dryd. 
 
 In learning any thing, as little should be pro- 
 posed to the miiid at once as is possible; and, 
 that being undersiood and fully mastered, proceed 
 to the next adjoining, yet unknown, simple, lui- 
 perplexed proposition, belonging to the matter in 
 hand, and tending to the clearuig what is princi- 
 pallv designed. Locke. 
 
 To ADJOURN. V. a. [adjourntr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To put off to another day, naming the 
 time; a term used in juridical proceed- 
 ings ; as, of parliaments, or courts of 
 justice. 
 
 The queen being absent, 'tis needful fitness, 
 ITiat \\c adjourn this court to further day. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 By the kiug's authority alone and by his writs, 
 thev are assembled ; an^ by him alone, are tiiey 
 prorogued and dissolved : but each house may 
 adjourn itself. Bacon. 
 
 2. To put off; to defer; to let stay to a 
 future time. 
 
 2Q
 
 A D J 
 
 Then, Jupiter, thou king of gods, 
 Why hast thou tlius adjourn d 
 
 The graces for his merits due. 
 Being ail to dolours tum'd. Shakesn. Cvmb. 
 
 Crown high the goblets with a cheerfuUlraught : 
 Enjoythe present l\our,uc(/(>((rrt the future thoiipht. 
 
 Drtidcn. 
 
 The formation of animals being foreign to my 
 purpose, 1 shall adjourn the consideration of it 
 to another occasion. Woodward's iSJat. Hist. 
 
 Adjo'urnment. n. s, [adjourtitment, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1 . An assignment of a day ; or a putting 
 off, till another day. 
 
 Adjournment in eyre, an appointment of a day, 
 when the justices in eyre mean to sit again. 
 
 . . . . T'"^'^"- 
 
 2* Delay ; procrastination ; dismission to 
 a future time. 
 
 We will, and wc will not ; and then we will not 
 again, aiid we will. At this rate we run our lives 
 out, in adjournments from time to time ; out of a 
 fantastical levity, tliat holds us otT and on, be- 
 twixt hawk and buzzard. L'Estrange. 
 
 A'dipous. adj. [adiposus, Lat ] Fat. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 A'dit. n. s. [aditus, La.t.] A passage, 
 for the conveyance of water under 
 ground ; a passage under ground in ge- 
 neral ; a term among the miners. 
 
 For conveying away the water, they stand in 
 aid of sundry devices ; as, adits, pumps, and 
 wheels, driven by a stream, and iuterchanqeably 
 filling and emptying two bucliets. Carew. 
 
 The delfs would be so flown with waters (it 
 being impossible, to make any adits or soughs to 
 drain them) that no gins or machines could suf- 
 fice, to lay and keep tnera dry. Raif. 
 
 Adi'tion. n. s. [from adeo, aditum, Lat.] 
 The act of going to another. Diet. 
 
 To Adjudge, v. a. [adjudico, Lat.] 
 
 1. To give the thing controverted, to one 
 of the parties, by a judicial sentence ; 
 with the particle to, before the person. 
 
 The way of disputing in the schools is, bv in- 
 sisting on one topical argument ; by the success of 
 which, victory is adjudged to the opponent or de- 
 fendant. Locke. 
 
 The great competitors for Rome, 
 Ciesar and Pompey, on Pharsalian plains ; 
 "Where stern Beilona, with one final stroke, 
 Adjudg'd tile empire of this globe to one. Phillips. 
 
 2. To sentence, or condemn to a punish- 
 ment ; with to before the thing. 
 
 But, though thou art odjiulged to tlie death ; 
 Yet I will favour thee, in what I can. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Simply, to judge ; to decree; to deter- 
 mine. 
 
 He adjudged him unworthy of liis friendship, 
 
 purposing sharply to revenge the wrong he had 
 
 received. Knolles. 
 
 Adjudica'tion. n.s. [adjudicatio, Lat.] 
 
 The act of judging, or of granting some- 
 
 thinjr to a litigant, bya judicial sentence. 
 To ADJU'DICATE. t' a. [adjudico, 
 
 Lai.] To adjudge ; to give something 
 
 controverted to one of the litigants, by 
 
 a sentence or decision. 
 To A'djugate. v. a. [tidjiigo, Lat.] 
 
 To yoke to ; to join to another by a 
 
 yoke. Diet. 
 
 A'djument. n.s. [adjumentum, Lat.] 
 
 Help; support. Diet. 
 
 ADJUNCT, n. s. [adjunctum, Lat.] 
 1. Something adherent or united to an 
 
 other, though not essentially part of 
 
 it. 
 
 A D J 
 
 Learning is but an adjunct to ourself ; 
 And, where we are, our learningiikewise is. Shah. 
 
 But I make haste, to consideryou as abstracted 
 froui a court ; whicli (if you wilf give me leave to 
 use a term of logick) is only an adjunct, not a 
 propriety, of ha|)piness. Drxiden. 
 
 '\ he talent of discretion, in its several adjuncts 
 
 and circumstances, is no wliere so serviceable as 
 
 to tlie clergy. Sunji. 
 
 2, A person joined to another. This sense 
 
 rarely occurs. 
 
 He made him the associate of his heir-apparent 
 together with the lord Cottington (as an adjunct 
 of singularcxpcrience and trust) in foreign travels, 
 and in h, business of love. Wotton. 
 
 A'djunct. adj. United with ; imme- 
 diately consequent. 
 
 So well, that what you bid me imdertake. 
 Though that my death were adjunct to my act, 
 I'd do"t. Shakesp, King John. 
 
 Adju'nction. w. s. [adjunctio, Lat.] 
 
 1 , The act of adjoining or coupling to- 
 gether. 
 
 2. The thing joined. 
 Adju'nctive. 71. s. [adjunctivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. He that joins. 
 
 2. That, which is joined. 
 Adjura'tion. 71. s. [adjuratio, Lat.J 
 
 1, The act of adjuring, or proposing an 
 oath to another. 
 
 2. The form of oath, proposed to another. 
 
 When these learned men saw sickness and frenzy 
 cured, tlie dead raised, the oracles put to silence, 
 the deeraons and evil spirits forced to confess 
 themselves no gods, by persons, who only made 
 use of prayer and adjurations in the name of their 
 crucified saviour how could they doubt of their 
 Saviour's power, on the like occasions ? 
 
 Addison on the Christian BeUfion. 
 
 To ADJURE. V. a. [adjuro, Lat] To 
 impose an oath upon another, prescribing 
 the form in which he shall swear. 
 
 Thou know'st, tlie magistrates 
 And princes of my country came in person ; 
 Solicited, commanded, th'reateu'd, urg'd, 
 Adjurd by all the bonds of civil duty 
 And of religion ; press'd; how just it was, 
 How honourable. Milton. 
 
 Ye lamps of heaven ! (he said, and lifted high 
 His hands now fiee) thou venerable sky ! 
 Ye sacred altars, from whose tlames I tied ! 
 Be all of you adjured. Dryden. 
 
 To ADJUST. V. a. [adjuster, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To regulate ; to put in order ; to settle 
 in the right form. 
 
 Your lordship removes all difficulties, and sup- 
 plies all our wants, faster than the most visionary 
 projector can adjust his schemes. Swift. 
 
 2. To reduce to the true state or standard; 
 to make accurate. 
 
 The names of mixed modes, for the most part, 
 want standards in nature, whereby men may rec- 
 tify and adjust their signification ; therefore they 
 are very various and doubtful. Locke. 
 
 3. To make conformable. It requires the 
 particle to, before the thing to which 
 the conformity is made. 
 
 As to the accomplishment of this remarkable 
 
 ?rophecy, whoever reads the account given by 
 osephus, without knowing his character; and 
 compares it, with what our Saviour foretold ; 
 would think, tlie historian had been a Christian ; 
 and that he had iiotliiug else in view, but to adjust 
 the event to the prediction. Addi.soii. 
 
 Adju'stment. ?(. s. [adjust ement, Fr.] 
 1. Regulation; the act of putting in me- 
 thod ; settlement. 
 
 The farther and clearer adjustment of this affair, 
 I am constrained to adjourn to the larger treatise. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 ADM 
 
 2. The state, of being put in method, or 
 regulated. 
 
 It is a vulgar idea we have of a watch or clock, 
 when we conceive of it, as an ipitrument made to 
 shew the hour ; but it Is a learned idea, which the 
 walch-maker has of It ; who knows all the several 
 parts of It, together with the various connections 
 and adjustments of each part. Watts's Logick. 
 
 A'djutant. n.s. A petty officer, whose 
 duty is to assist the major, by distribut- 
 ing the pay, and overseeing the punish- 
 ment, of the common men. 
 
 To ADJU'TE. V. a. [adjuvo, adjutum, 
 Lat,] To help ; to concur ; a word not 
 now in use. 
 
 For there be 
 Six bachelors as bold as he, 
 Adjusting to his company ; 
 And each one hath his hvery. 
 
 Ben Jonson's Underwoods. 
 
 Adju'tor. n. *. [adjutor, Lat.] A 
 helper. Diet. 
 
 Adju'tory. adj. [adjutorius, Lat.] 
 That, which helps. Diet. 
 
 AujuTRix. n. s. [Lat.] She, who 
 helps. Diet. 
 
 A'juvANT. adj. [adjuvans, Lat.] Help- 
 ful ; useful. Diet. 
 
 To A'djuvate. v. a. [adjuvo, Lat.] To 
 help ; to further ; to put forward. Diet. 
 
 Adme'asurement. w. s. [See Mea- 
 sure.] The adjustment of propor- 
 tions ; the act or practice of measuring 
 according to rule. 
 
 Admeasurement is a writ, which Ileth for the 
 bringing of those to a mediocrity, that usurp more 
 than their part. It lieth in two cases ; one is 
 termed admeasurejnent of dower, where the widow 
 of the deceased holdedi (from the heir or his guar- 
 dian) more In llie name of her dower, than be- 
 longeth to her: the other is admeasurement of pas- 
 ture, which lieth between those, that have com- 
 mon of pasture appendant to their freelinld, or 
 common by vicinage ; in case, any one of tliera 
 (or more) do surcliarge the common with more 
 cattle than they ought. Cowell. 
 
 In some counties they are not much acquainted, 
 with admeasurement by acre; and thereby the 
 writs contain tw ice or tlirlce so many acres more, 
 than the land hath. Bacon. 
 
 Admensura'tion. n.s. [ad and men- 
 sura, Lat.] The act, or practice, of 
 measuring out to each his part. 
 
 Adminicle, n.s. [adminiculum, Lat."] 
 Help ; support ; fm'therauce. Diet. 
 
 Admini'cular. adj. [from adminicU' 
 lum, Lat.] That, which gives help. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To ADMINISTER, v. a. [adminislro, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To give; to afford; to supply. 
 
 Let zephyrs bland 
 Administer their tepid genial airs ; 
 Nought fear he from the west, whose gentle 
 
 warmth 
 Discloses well the earth's all-teeming womb. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 2. To act, as the minister or agent in any 
 employment or office; generally, but 
 not always, with some hint of subordi- 
 nation ; as, to administer the govern- 
 ment. 
 
 For forms of government let fools contest ; 
 Whate'er is best administer d, is best. Pupe. 
 
 3. To administer justice ; to distribute 
 
 right. 
 
 SO
 
 ADM 
 
 4. To administer the sacraments, to dis- 
 pense them. 
 
 Have not they the old popisli custom of admi- 
 nistering the blessed saciaineiit of tJie hoiy eu- 
 charist with wafer cakes r Higher. 
 
 5. To administer an oath ; to propose or 
 require an oath authoritatively ; to ten- 
 der sin oath. 
 
 Swear by the duly tliat you owe to lieav'ii 
 To keep the oadi that we administer. Hhakespearc. 
 
 6. To administer physick ; to give phy- 
 sick, as it is wanted. 
 
 I was carried on men's shoulders adminkterini; 
 physick and phlebotomy. Wafer's Viyage. 
 
 7. To administer to; to contribute; to 
 bring supplies. 
 
 I must not oiuil, that there is a fountain rising 
 in the upper jtart of my garden, which forms a 
 little wandering rill ; and administers to the plea- 
 sure as well as tlie plenty of llie place. Spectator. 
 
 8. To perform the office of an adminis- 
 trator, in law. See Administrator. 
 
 Nealc's order was never performed, because 
 the executors durst not administer. 
 
 Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 To .\dmi'nistrate. v. a. [admimstro, 
 Lat.] To exhibit; to give as physick. 
 Not in use. 
 
 They have the same effects in medicine, when 
 inwardly administrated to animal bodies. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Administra'tion. n. s. [adminis- 
 tratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of adrainisleringor conducting 
 any employment ; as, the conducting the 
 public affairs ; dispensing the laws. 
 
 I then did use the person of jour father ; 
 The image of his power lay then in me : 
 And in tn' administration of his law. 
 While I was busy for the coraraonwealth. 
 Your highness pleased to forget my place. 
 
 Sliakespeare. 
 
 In the short time of his administration, he shone 
 so powerfully upon me ; that, like the heat of a 
 Russian sunnucr, he ripened the fruits of poetry 
 in a cold climate. Drxiden. 
 
 2. The active or executive part of govern- 
 ment. 
 
 It may pass for a maxim in state, that the ad- 
 ministration cannot be placed in too few hands, nor 
 the legislature in too many. Swift. 
 
 S. Collectively ; those, to whom the care 
 of public affairs is committed ; as, 
 
 The administration has been opposed in parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 4. Distribution ; exhibition ; dispensation. 
 
 There is, in sacraments, to be observed their 
 
 force, and their form of administration. Hooker. 
 
 By the universal administration of grace (begun 
 
 by our blessed Saviour, enlarged by his apostles, 
 
 carried on by their immediate successors, and to 
 
 be completed by the rest to the world's end) all 
 
 types, that darkened this faith, are enlightened. 
 
 Sprat's Sermom. 
 
 Admi'nistrative. adj. [from adminis- 
 trate.'] That, which administers; that 
 by which any one administers. 
 
 Administra'tor. n.s. [administrator, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . It is properly taken for him, that has 
 the goods of a man dying intestate, com- 
 mitted to his charge by the ordinary ; 
 and is accountable for the same, when- 
 ever it shall please the ordinary to call 
 upon him thereunto. Cowcll. 
 
 He was wonderfully diligent to enquire and ob- 
 serve, what bccajue of the king of Arragon, in 
 balding the kingdom of Castille ; and whether he 
 
 ADM 
 
 did hold it in his own right, or as admini'trntor to 
 his daughter. Bacon's Htnrt^ VII. 
 
 2. He, that officiates in divine rites. 
 
 I feel my conscience bound to remember the 
 death of Christ, with some society of Christians or 
 other, since it is a most plain conmiand ; whether 
 the person, who distributes these elements, be 
 only an occasional or a settled administrator. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 5. He, that conducts the government. 
 I'he residence of tlic prince, or chief adminis- 
 trator of the civil power. Swift. 
 
 Admini.stratrix, n. s. [Lat.] She, 
 whoaJmiuistersinc'onsequenceof awill. 
 
 Administra'torship. n.s. \irom ad- 
 ministrator.'] The office of adminis- 
 trator. 
 
 Admirabi'hty. n. s. [admirahilis, 
 Lat.] The quality or state of being 
 admirable. Diet. 
 
 A'dmirable. adj. [admirabilis, Lat.] 
 To be admired ; worthy of admiration ; 
 of power to excite wonder : always 
 taken in a good sense, and applied either 
 to persons or things. 
 
 The more power he hath to hurt, the more ad- 
 mirable is his praise, that he will not hurt. 
 
 Sidney. 
 God was with them in all their afflictions ; and 
 at length, by working their admirable deliverance, 
 did testify tliat they served hira not in vain. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 What admirabU things occur, in the remains of 
 
 several other philosophers ! Short, I confess, of 
 
 the rules of enristianity, but generally above the 
 
 lives of christians, South's Sermons. 
 
 You can at most 
 To an indilFrent lover's praise pretend : 
 But you would spoil an admirable friend. Dryden. 
 
 A'dmirableness. n. s. [from admir- 
 ahlei] The quality of being admirable ; 
 the power of raising wonder. 
 
 A'dmirably. v. a. [from admirable.'] 
 So as to raise wonder, in an admirable 
 manner. 
 
 The theatre is the most spacious, of any I eve-r 
 saw ; and so admirably well contrived, that, from 
 the very depth of the stage, the lowest sound 
 may be heard distinctly to tlie farthest part of the 
 audience, as in a wispering place ; and yet, raise 
 your voice as high as you please, there is nothing 
 (like an echo) to cause the least confusion. Addis. 
 
 A'DMIRAL. n. s. [amiral, Fr. of un- 
 certain etymology.] 
 
 1. An officer or magistrate, that has the 
 government of the king's navy, and 
 the hearing and determining all causes 
 (as well civil as criminal) belonging to 
 the sea. Cowell. 
 
 2. The chief commander of a fleet. 
 
 He also, in battle at sea, overthrew Rodericus 
 Rotundus, admiral of Spain ; in which tight, the 
 admiral with his son were both slain, and seven 
 of his gallies taken. KnoUes. 
 
 Make the sea shine with gallantry, and all 
 The English youth Hock to their admiral. Waller. 
 
 3. The ship, which carries the admiral 
 or commander of the fleet. 
 
 The admiral galley, wherein the empeior him- 
 self was, by great mischance struck upon a sand. 
 
 Knollcs- 
 
 A'dmiralship. n. s. [from admiral.] 
 The office or power of an admiral. 
 
 .Admiralty, n.s. [amiiYnilte, Fr.] The 
 power or officers appointed for the ad- 
 ministration of naval afl^airs. 
 
 Admira'tion. n.s. [admiratio, Lat] 
 
 ADM 
 
 1 • Wonder ; the act of admiring or ■won- 
 dering. 
 
 Indu'd with human voice and human sense. 
 Reasoning to admiration. Milton. 
 
 'i'he passions always move, and therefore (con- 
 sequently) please: tor, without motion, there can 
 be no delight ; which cannot be considered, but 
 as an active passi(jn. W hen we view those ele- 
 vated ideas of nature, the result of that view is 
 admiration, which is always the cause of pleasure. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 There is a pleasure in admiration ;- and this is 
 that, which projicrly causcth admiration ; when 
 we discover a great deal in an object, which we 
 untlcrstand lo be excellent; and yet we see (we 
 know not liuw much) nujre beyond that, which 
 our understandings cannot fully reach and com- 
 prehend. Titlotson. 
 
 2. It is taken sometimes in a bad sense, 
 though generally in a good. 
 
 Your boldness I with admiration see. 
 ^^'hat hope hadyou, to gain a queen like me ? 
 Because a hero forc'd me once away. 
 Am 1 thought tit to be a second prey ? Dryden. 
 
 To ADMIRE. V. a. [admiro, Lat. ad- 
 mirer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To regard with wonder, generally in a 
 good sense. 
 
 'Tis here, that knowledge wonders ; and there 
 is an admiration, that is not the daughter of igno- 
 rance. This indeed stupidly gazeth at the un- 
 wonted effect ; but the philo'sophic passion truly 
 admires and adores the supreme efficient. 
 
 Glanrille. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used in more familiar 
 speech, for to regard with love. 
 
 3. It is used but rarely in an ill sense. 
 You have displac'd the mirth, broke the good 
 
 meeting, 
 With most admir'd disorder. Shakesp. Macbeth 
 
 7*0 Admi're. v.n. To wonder; some- 
 times with the particle at. 
 
 The eye is already so perfect, that I believe the 
 reason o"f a man would easily have rested here, and 
 admir'd at his own contrivance. Ray on the Creat. 
 
 Admi'rer. n. s. [from admire.] 
 
 1 . The person, that wonders, or regards 
 with admiration. 
 
 Neither Virgil nor Horace would have gained so 
 great reputation, had they not been the friends 
 and admirers of each other. Addison. 
 
 Who most, to shun or hate mank'uid, pretend ; 
 Seek an a(/mirer, or would fix a friend. Pope. 
 
 2. In common speech, a lover. 
 Admi'ringly. adv. [from admire.] 
 
 With admiration ; in the manner of an 
 admirer. 
 
 The king very lately spoke of him admiringly 
 and mournfully. Sliakesp. All's well that ends well. 
 
 We may yet further admiringly observe, that 
 
 men usually give freeliest, where they have not 
 
 given befor'e. _ Boyle. 
 
 ."Xdmi'ssible. adj. [admit to, admissum, 
 
 Lat.] That, which may be admitted. 
 
 Suppose that this supposition were aWmissi/)/e ; 
 yet tins would not any way be inconsistent with 
 'the eternity of the divine nature and essence. 
 
 Hale's Origin if Mankind. 
 
 .Ad.mi'ssion. n. s. [admmissio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act or practice of admitting. 
 
 There was also enacted tliat charitable law, for 
 the admis.'non of poor suitors without fee ; whereby 
 poor men became rather able to vex, than un.abfe 
 to sue. Bacon's HenryXll. 
 
 By meansof our solitary situation, and our rare 
 admmion of strangers, we know most part of Uie 
 habitable world, and are ourselves unknown. 
 
 Bacon's Kew Atatantis, 
 
 2. The state of being admitted. 
 
 I\Iy father saw you ill designs pursue ; 
 And my (ufMissinHshew 'd his fear of you. Dryd. 
 
 31
 
 ADM 
 
 God did then exercise man's hopes with the 
 expectations, of a better paradise, or a more in- 
 timate admission to himself. SiHtth's Sermoiis- 
 
 Our king descends from Jove ; 
 And hither are we come, by his command, 
 To crave admission in jour f)npp> i;ind. D)ydtn. 
 
 S. Admittance ; the power of entering, 
 or being admitted. 
 
 AM springs have some degree of heal, none ever 
 freezing, no not in tlie longest and severest frosts ; 
 especirtilv those, wliere there is sucli a site and 
 disposition of the strata, as gives free and easy 
 admission to this lieiit. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 4. [In the ecclesiastical law.] It is, when 
 the patron presents a clerk to a church 
 that is vacant ; and the bishop, ujjon exa- 
 mination, admits and allows of such 
 clerk to be fitly qualified, by saying, Ad- 
 initto te habihm. Ayliffe's Parergoii. 
 
 5. The allowance of an argument; the 
 grant of a position not fidly proved. 
 
 To ADMIT. V. a. [admitto, Lat.] 
 J , To suffer to enter ; to grant entrance. 
 
 iVIirtli, admit me of Ihy crew. Miltojt. 
 
 Does not one table Bavius still admit? Pope. 
 
 2. To suffer to enter upon an office; in 
 which sense the phrase of admission into 
 a collegt'j &c. is used. 
 
 The treasurer found it no hard matter, so far 
 to terrify him ; that, tor the king's service, as was 
 pretended, he admitted, for a six-clerk, a person 
 recommended by him. Clarendon. 
 
 3. To allow an argument or position. 
 
 Suppose, no weapon can thy vulour's pride 
 Subdue ; that, by no force, thou may'st be won : 
 
 Admitt no steel can hurt or wound thy side ; 
 Aud be it, heav'n hath thee such favour done. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 This argument is like to have the less effect on 
 me, seeing I cannot easily admit the inference. 
 
 Locke, 
 
 4. To allow or grant, in general; some- 
 times with the particle of. 
 
 If vou once admit of' a latitude, that thoughts 
 may be exalted and images raised above the life ; 
 that leads you insensibly, from your own prin- 
 ciples to mine. Dryden. 
 
 Admi'ttable. adj\ [from ad i7i if .] I he 
 person or thing, which may be admitted. 
 
 Because they have not a bladder, like those we 
 observe in otiiers, they have no gall at all, is a 
 paralogism not admittahle ; a fallacy, that needs 
 not the sun to scatter it. Brown. 
 
 The clerk, who is presented, ought to prove to 
 the bishop, that he is a deacon, and that he has 
 orders ; otherwise the bishop is not bound to ad- 
 mit hiju ; for, as the law then stood, a deacon was 
 admittahle. AijUffe's Farergon. 
 
 Admi'ttance. 71. s. [from admit ] 
 
 1, The act of admitting; allowance or 
 permission to enter. 
 
 It cannot enter an3- man's conceit to think it 
 lawful, that every man whicii listeth should take 
 upon him charge in the church ; and therefore a 
 solemn admittance hof such necessity, tliat, with- 
 out it, there can be no church polity! Hooker. 
 
 As to tl)e admittance of the weighty elastic parts 
 of the air into the blood, through the coats of the 
 vessels; it seems contrary to experiments upon 
 dead bodies. Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2, The power or right of entering. 
 
 What, 
 If I do line one of their hands ? — 'tis gold, 
 ■\Vliich buys admittance. Shakespeare's Ci/mh. 
 
 Surely a daily expectation at the gate is the 
 readiest way, to gain admittance into the house. 
 South's Sermons. 
 There's news from Bertran ; he desires 
 Admittance to the king ; and cries aloud, 
 This day shall end our fears. Dryden. 
 
 A D ]\r 
 
 There are some ideas, which have admittance 
 only through one sense, whicli is peculiarly 
 adapted to receive them. Lvcke. 
 
 3. Custom or prerogative, of being ad- 
 mitted to great persons ; a sense now out 
 of use. 
 
 Sir John, you are a gentleman of excellent 
 breeding, of f^teat admittance -, authentick, in your 
 place and person -, generally allowed for your 
 many warlike, courtlike, and learned prepara- 
 tions. Shakespeare. 
 
 4. Concession of a position. 
 
 Nor could the Pythagorean give easy admittance 
 thereto ; for, holding that separate souls succes- 
 sively supplied other bodies, they could hardly 
 allow the raising of souls from oth'er worlds. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 To Admix, v. a. [admisccOj Lat.] To 
 
 mingle with something else. 
 Admi'xtion. «. s, [from admix.] The 
 union of one body with another, by 
 mingling them. 
 
 All metals may be calcined, by strong waters j 
 or by admirtion of salt, sulphur, and mercury. 
 
 Sacon. 
 
 The elements are no where pure, in these lower 
 regions; and if there is any free from tlie admii- 
 tion of another, sure it is' above the cuncave of 
 the moon. GlanvUlc. 
 
 There is no way, to make a strong and vigorous 
 powder of saltpetre, without the admiition of snl- 
 j)lmr. BrPW7i's Vulgar Errours, 
 
 Admixture, n. s. [from admix.] The 
 body, mingled with anotlier ; perhaps 
 sometimes the act of mingling. 
 
 \^ hatever acrimony or amaritude at any time 
 redounds in it, must be derived from the tidmixturc 
 of anotiier sharp bitter substance, 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 A mass, which to the eye appears to be n<)thing 
 but mere simple eartli, sliall, to the smell or taste, 
 discover a plentiful admij:ture of sulphur, alum, or 
 some oilier mineral. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 To ADMONISH, v. a. [admcneo, Lat.] 
 To warn of a fault; to re2:)rove gently; 
 to counsel against wrong practices ; to 
 put in mind of a fault or a duty : with 
 the particle of, or against ; which lat 
 ter is more rare: or the infinitive mood 
 of a verb. 
 
 One of his cardinals, who better knew (he in- 
 trigues of atfairs, admonished him against that un- 
 skdful piece of ingenuity. Decay of Piety. 
 
 He tf their wicked ways 
 Sliail them admojiish, and before them'set 
 The paths of righteousness. Milton. 
 
 But, when he was admonished by his subject to 
 descend, he came dow'n, gentl3' circling in tlie air 
 and singing, to the ground. Dryden. 
 
 Admo'nisher. 71, s. [from admonish.] 
 The person, that admonishes, or puts 
 another in mind of his faults or duty. 
 
 Horace was a mild admonislier; a court satirist, 
 fit for the gentle times of Augustus. Dnjden. 
 
 Admo'nishment. n,s, [from admv7iisk.] 
 Admonition ; the notice, by >vhich one 
 is put in mind of faults or duties : a 
 word not often used. 
 
 But yet be wary, in thy studious care.— 
 —Thy grave admonishments prevail with me. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. p. 1. 
 To th' infinitely Good we owe 
 Immortal thanks; and his admonishment 
 Receive, with solemn purpose to observe 
 Immutably his sovereign will, the end 
 Of w hat we are. ]\Iilton. 
 
 Admoni'tion. n. s, [admonitio, Lat.] 
 The hint of a fault or duty; counsel; 
 gentle reproof 
 
 The\" must give ourteacliers leave,, for the saving 
 of souU, to intermingle sometimes with otlier 
 
 ADO 
 
 more necessary tilings, admonition concerning 
 tliese not unnecessary. Hooker. 
 
 From this aclnwtiiiion they took only occasion, 
 to redouble their fault, and to sleep again ; so 
 that upon a second and thirtl admonition, tliey had 
 nolliing to plead for their unseasonable drowsi- 
 ness. South's Sermons. 
 Admoni'tioner. n. s. [from admoni- 
 tion.] A liberal dispenser of admoni- 
 lion ; a general adviser. A ludicrous 
 term. 
 
 Albeit the admonitiimers A'n\ seem at first, to like 
 no prescript form of prayer at all ; but thought it 
 the best, that their minister should ai\va\s be left 
 at liberty to pray, as his own discretion did serve ; 
 their defender, and his associates, have sitheiice 
 
 f>roposed to the world a fcjrm as themselves did 
 ike. fitvker. 
 
 Admo'nitory. adj. [admonitorius, 
 Lat.] That, which admonishes. 
 
 The sentence of reason is either mandatory, 
 shewing what must be done ; or else permissive, 
 declaring only what may be done ; or thirdly, ad- 
 monitorxj, opening what is the most convenient for 
 tis to do. Hooker. 
 
 Admurmura'tion. n. s [admiirmuro, 
 Lat.] The act of murmuring or whis- 
 pering to another. Diet. 
 
 To Admo've. v. a. [admoveo, Lat,] To 
 bring one thing to another. A word 
 not in use. 
 
 If, unto the powder of loadstone or iron, we ad~ 
 moveihe north-pole of the loadstone ; the powders, 
 or small divisions, will erect and conform them- 
 selves thereto. BrojtiCs Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Ado', n. s. [from the verb to do, with a 
 before it, as the French affaire, from d 
 and f aire. 
 
 1. Trouble, difficulty. 
 
 He took Clitoplum prisoner ; whora, with much 
 ado, he keepeth alive j the Helots being villain- 
 ously cruel. Sidney. 
 
 They moved, and in the end persuaded (with 
 nu]ch ado) the people, to bind themselves by 
 solemn oath. Hooker. 
 
 He kept the borders and inarches of the pale, 
 with much ado ; he held many parliaments, 
 w herein sundry law s were made. Sir John Davies. 
 
 ^^'ith mucli ado, he partly kept awake ; 
 Not sufi''ring all his eyes, repose to take. Dryden. 
 
 2. Bustle; tumult; business; sometimes 
 with the particle about. 
 
 Let's follow, to see the end of thisa(7o, Shakesp. 
 
 All this ado, tibotit Adam's fatherhood and the 
 greatness of its power, helps nothing to establish 
 the [lower of those that govern, Locke. 
 
 3. It has a light and ludicrous sense, im- 
 plying more tumult and show of busi- 
 ness, than the affair is worth : iu this 
 sense it is of late generally used. 
 
 I made no more ado, but took all their seven 
 points in my target, thus ; Shakesp. Henry l\ 
 
 "We'll keep no great ado: — a friend or two,— 
 It may be lliouglit, we held him carelessly. 
 Being our kinsman, if we revel much, Shakesp 
 
 Come, says Puss, without anv more ado, 'tis 
 time to go to breakfast ; cats doii't live upon dia- 
 logues, L'Estrange. 
 
 Adole'scence. 1 n.s. \udohsce7itia, 
 Adole'scency. jLat.] The age suc- 
 ceeding childhood, and succeeded by 
 puberty : more largely, that part of life, 
 in which the body has not yet reached 
 its full perfection. 
 
 He was so far from a boy, that he was a man 
 born, and at his full stature ; if we believe Jose- 
 phus, who places him in the last adolescency, and 
 makes liim twenty-live years old. Brown. 
 
 The sons must have a tedious time of childhood 
 and arfo/escence, before they can either themselves 
 
 S2
 
 ADO 
 
 assist their parents, or encourage tkem wllh new 
 hopes of postcrily. ISenlley. 
 
 To ADO'l'T. r. a. [adopfo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To take a son by choice ; to make him 
 a son, who was not so by birth. 
 
 Were iiojic of all my father's sisters left ; 
 Nay, were I uf my mother's kin berclt ; 
 None, by an uncle's or a graiidame's side ; 
 Vet I co'uid some adopled heir provide. JJriiJi n. 
 
 2. To place any person or thing, in a 
 nearer relation, tlian they have by na- 
 ture, to something else. 
 
 Whether, mto/iteri to some neighb'ring star. 
 Thou roll't above us in thy wand' ring race ; 
 
 Or, in procession tix'd and regular, 
 Mov'd with the heaven's majestic pace ; 
 Or call'd to more celestial bliss, 
 Thou tread'st with seraphims the vast abyss. 
 
 We are seldom at ease, from the solicitation of 
 our natural or adopted desires ; but a constant suc- 
 cession of uneasinesses (out of that stock, which 
 natural wants or accjuired habits have heaped-up) 
 take the will in their turns. Locke. 
 
 Ado'ptedly. adv. [from adopted.] Af- 
 ter the manner of something adopted. 
 
 Adoptedlu, as scliool-maids change their names, 
 By vain (though apt) affection. Shakespeare. 
 
 Adop'ter. n. s. [from adopt.] He, that 
 gives some one by choice tlie rights of 
 a son. 
 
 Ado'ption. n. s. [adoptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of adopting, or taking to one's 
 self what is not native. 
 
 2. The state of being adopted. 
 
 JMv bed shall be abused, my reputation gnawn 
 at; and I shall not only receive this villainous 
 wrong, but stand under the adoption of abomina- 
 ble terms ; and by him, that does me the wrong. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 She purpos'd. 
 When she had fitted you with her craft, to work 
 Her son into th' adoption of the crow n. _ Shahtsp. 
 
 In every act of our Christian worship, wc are 
 taught to "call upon him under the endearing cha- 
 racter of our Father; to remind us vi our adoption ; 
 tiiat we are made heirs of God, and joint heirs of 
 Christ. Rogers^ Sermons. 
 
 Ado'ptive, adj. [adoptivus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . He that is adopted by another, and 
 made his son. 
 
 It is impossible, an elective monarch should be 
 60 free and absolute, as an hereditary ; no nuire 
 than it is possible for a father, to lia\e so lull 
 power and interest in an adoptive son, as itt a na- 
 tural. Bacon. 
 
 2. He that adopts another, and makes 
 him his son. 
 
 An adopted son cannot cite his adoptite father 
 into court, without his leave. Aijtifie's Parer^on. 
 
 Ado'rable. adj. [adorable, Fr.] That, 
 
 which ought to be adured; that, which 
 
 is worthy of divine honours. 
 
 ' On these two, the love of God and our ncigh- 
 * hour, hang both the law and the prophets,' says 
 the adorable Author of Cliristianity ; and the 
 Apostle says, 'the end of the law is cliarity.'C/fi'yne. 
 
 Ado'rableness. V, s. [from adorable.] 
 The quality of being adorable ; worthi- 
 ness of divine honom-s. 
 
 Ado'rably. adv. [from adorable.] In 
 a manner worthy of adoration. 
 
 Adora'tion. n. s. [adoratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The external homage paid to the Divi- 
 nity, distinct from mental reverence. 
 
 Solemn and serviceable worship we name, for 
 
 distinction sake, whatsoever belongeth to the 
 
 church (or publick society) of God, by way of 
 
 external adoration. Hooker. 
 
 It is possible to suppose, tliat those, who believe 
 
 A D O 
 
 a supreme excellent Heing, may yet give him no 
 external adoration at all. .Slitlin^Jieet. 
 
 2. Homage, paid to persons in high place, 
 or esteem. 
 
 O ceremony 1 shew mc but thy worth ! 
 ^\ hat is lliv t<ill, O adoration .' 
 Art thou nought else, but place, degree, and form. 
 Creating awe and fear in other men i! 
 Wherein thou art le^s happy, being fear'd, 
 Than tiiev in fearing. 
 
 What driiik'st thou oft, instead of homase sweet, 
 But poison'd flattery .' Shakesp. "Henry V. 
 
 To AUO'RE. V. a. [adoro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To worship with external homage ; to 
 pay divine honours. 
 
 The mountain nymphs and Themis they adore, 
 And from her oracles relief implore. "Dryden. 
 
 2. It is used popularly, to denote a liigh 
 degree of reverence or regard ; to reve- 
 rence ; to honour ; to love. 
 
 The people appear adoring their prince, and 
 their prince adoring God. Taller, No. 57. 
 
 ^lake future times thy equal act adore ; 
 And be, what brave Orestes was before. Pope's Ody. 
 Ado'rement. n..s. [from adore.] Ado- 
 ration ; worship : a word scarcely used. 
 
 The priests of elder times deluded their appre- 
 hensions, with sooth-saying, and such oblique ido- 
 latries ; and won their credulities to the literal and 
 downright adorement, of cats, lizards, and beetles. 
 Pronn's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Ado'rer. «. s. [from adore.] 
 
 1. He, that adores ; a worshipper; a term, 
 generally vised in a low sense; as, by 
 lovers, or admirers. 
 
 Being so far provoked (as I was) in France, I 
 would abate her nothing ; though I profess myself 
 lier adorer, not her friend. Stiakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Whil^^ as th' approaching pageant does appear, 
 And echoing crowds spealt mighty Venus near ; 
 I, her adorer, too devoutly stand, 
 Fast on the utmost niargiii of tlie land. Prior. 
 
 2. A worshipper ; in a serious sense. 
 
 He was so severe an adorer of truth, as not to 
 dissemble ; or to suffer any man to think, tliat he 
 would do any tiling, which he resolved not to do. 
 
 CLirendon. 
 
 To ADOHN. I', a. [iidorno, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To dress ; to deck the person ■with or- 
 naments. 
 
 He hath clothed me, with the garments of salva- 
 tion ; he hath covered me w ith the robe of righte- 
 ousness ; as a bridegroom decketh hiiiiseit with 
 ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with 
 her jewels. Isa. hi. 10. 
 
 \ et 'tis not to adorn and gild each part, 
 That shews more cost than art ; 
 Jewels, at nose and lips, but ill appear. Ctrwley. 
 
 2. To set out any place or thing, with de- 
 corations. 
 
 A gallerv, adorned with the pictures or statues of 
 the imention of things useful to human life. Ci)u7ev. 
 
 3. To embellish with oratory, or elegance 
 of language. 
 
 This will supply men's tongues, with many new 
 things ; to be named, adorned, and described, in 
 their discourse, Sprat. 
 
 Thousanils lliere are. in darker fame that dwell, 
 Who^e names some nobler poem shah adorn ; 
 For, tho' unknown to me, they sure fought well. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Adorn, nr//. [from the verb.] Adorned; 
 decorated : a word, peculiar to Milton. 
 
 She'll to realities yield all her shows ; 
 IMade so adorn, for 'thy delight the more. Milton. 
 
 -Vu'oRNMENT. ti. s. [from adorn.] Or- 
 nament; embellislmient ; elegance not 
 now in use. 
 
 This attribute was not given to the earth, while 
 it was confused : nor to the heavens, before tliey 
 had motion and adornment. 
 
 Raleigh's History tf the World. 
 
 A D V 
 
 She licld the very gannent of PosthiimijS in 
 more ri'spoci, than my iiohle and natural person, 
 together with thu adornmtnl uf my ([ualiiii-?. 
 
 iihakesj). Cift/iheline. 
 
 Ado'wn. adv, [from a and down.] 
 Down; on the ground. 
 
 Thrice did she shik attow/t, in deadly sound ; 
 And thrice he her reviv'd, with busy pain. 
 
 Fairu Queen. 
 A Do'WN. prep, Down ; towarcls the 
 
 ground; from a iiigher situation, to- 
 wards a lower. 
 
 In tliis remeiiihrancc, Emiiy, ere day 
 Arose, and dress'd hcr-^clf in rich array ; 
 Fresh as the month, and as the morning fair : 
 Adou-^n her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryd. 
 
 Adre"ad. adv. [from a and dread ; as, 
 aside, athirstj asliep.'\ In a state of 
 fear ; frighted ; terrified: now obsolete. 
 And thinking, to make all men adread to such 
 a one ; an i netny, " lio would not spare nor fCar, 
 to kill so great a prince. Sidney. 
 
 Adrift, adv. [from a and drifts from 
 drive.l Floating at random ; as any im- 
 pidse may drive. 
 
 Then shall this mount 
 Of Paradise, hy might of waves, be moved 
 Out of his place ; push'd by the horned flood 
 (\Vith all his verdure spoil'cl, and trees adriji) 
 Down the great river, to the opening gulf ; 
 And there take root. MUion. 
 
 It seem'd a corps adrift, to distant sipht ; 
 But, at & distance, whocould judge aright ? Dryd. 
 
 The custom of frctjuent retlecUon will keep 
 their minds, from running adrj/f ; and call their 
 thoughts home, from useless unattentive roving. 
 Lockeon Educatum. 
 
 ADROIT, adj. [French.] Dextrous; 
 active; skilful. 
 
 An adroit stout feilow would yomelimes destroy 
 a whole family, with justice apparently against 
 )iim the whole time. Jenas's Don Quixote. 
 
 Adro'itness. n.s. [from adroit.] Dex- 
 terity ; readiness ; activity. Neither 
 this word, nor adriot, seem yet com- 
 pletel}' naturalized. 
 
 Adry'. adv. [from a and dri/.] Athirst; 
 thirsty; in want of drink. 
 
 He never told any of them, that he was his 
 humble servant, but' his weil-wisher: and would 
 rather be thought a malecontent, than drink the 
 king's health when he was not adry. .''pectator. 
 
 Adsciti'tious. adj. [adsciiitius, Lat.] 
 That, which is taken in, to complete 
 something else, though originally ex- 
 ti'insick ; sujjpleniental, additional. 
 
 Adstri'ction, n. s, [adstrictio, Lat.] 
 Theactot'binding together ; and applied 
 generally, to medicaments and applica- 
 tions, which have the power of making 
 the part contract. 
 
 To ADVA'NCE. v. a, [avancer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To bring forward, in the local sense. 
 
 Now morn, her rosy steps in the eastern clime 
 Adiancingfivw'd the earth with orient pearl. Milt. 
 
 2. To raise to prefermenl ; to aggrandize. 
 He hath been ever constant, in his course of ad~ 
 
 vanciitg me ; from a private gentlewoman, he made 
 me a iiuirchioness ; and from a marcliione&s, a 
 queen ; and now he intends to crown my iunocen- 
 cy. with the glory of martyrdom. Hacon. 
 
 ' riie declaraiioii of the greatness of Mordecai, 
 whereunto the king admnced him. Esther, x. -2, 
 
 3. To improve. 
 
 What laws can be advised more proper and ef- 
 fectual, to advance the nature of man to its highest 
 perfection, than these precepts of Christianity r 
 
 TdUtison, 
 
 S3
 
 A D V 
 
 4. To heighten; to grace; to give lustre 
 to. 
 
 As the calling dignifies the man, so the man 
 much mure advances his calling. As a garment, 
 though it warms the body, has a return with an 
 advantage, being ranch more warmed hy it. 
 
 South s Sermons. 
 
 5. Tofor\vard; to accelerate. 
 
 These three last were slower, than the ordinary 
 Indian wheat of itself ; and this culture did rather 
 retard than advance. Bacon. 
 
 6. To propose ; to offer to the publick ; to 
 bring to view or notice. 
 
 Phedon I )iight, qvioth he ; and do advance 
 Mv anceslry from famous Coradin. FaiVy Queen. 
 
 I dare not nrfmjtce my opinion, against the judg- 
 ment of so great an author ; but I think it fair, to 
 ieavp the decision to the pnblick. _ Drydcn. 
 
 Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. 
 But catch the spreading'uotionof the town. Pope. 
 
 To Adva'nce. v. n. 
 
 1. To come forward. 
 
 At this the yonth, whose vcnt'rous soul 
 No fears of miigic art confroul, 
 
 Jdvanc'd in open >ight. Farnel. 
 
 2. To make improvement. 
 
 Thcv, \vho would advance in knowledge, and 
 not deceive and swell themselves with a little arti- 
 c«l?.»ed air, should not take words for real entities 
 ir. natur. , til! they can frame clear and distinct 
 ideas of those entities. Locke. 
 
 Adva'nce. n s. [from To advance.] 
 
 1. The act of coming tnrward. 
 
 All tiie foot were jiut into Abiugton, with a re- 
 solution to quit or defend the town, according to 
 the manner of the enemy's advance towards it. 
 
 CMirendon. 
 
 So, like the sun's advance, your titles shew ; 
 Which, as he rises, does the warmer grow. }Valler. 
 
 2. A tendencv, to come forward to meet a 
 lover ; an act of invitation. 
 
 In vain are all the practis'd wiles, 
 In vain tho<ie eyes would love impart ; 
 
 Not all th' adranccs, all the smiles, 
 Can move one unrelenting heart. Walsh. 
 
 His genius was below 
 The skill of ev'ry common beau ; 
 Who, though he cannot spell, is wise 
 Enougii to read a lady's eyes ; 
 And will each accidental glance 
 Interpret, for a kind advance. Swift. 
 
 He has described the unworthy passion of tlie 
 goddess Calypso, and the indecent advances she 
 made to detain him from his own country. Pope. 
 
 That prince apjjlied himself, first to the Church 
 of England : and, upon their refusal to fall in with 
 his measures, made the like advances to the Dis- 
 senters. Stvijt. 
 
 3. Gradual progression ; rise, from one 
 point to another. 
 
 Our Saviour raised the ruler's daughter, the wi- 
 dow's son, and Lazarus : the first of these, when 
 she had just expired ; the second, as he was car- 
 ried to the grave on his bier ; and the third, after 
 he had been some time buried. And, bavhi^(^by 
 these gradual adiances) manifested his divine 
 power, heat last exerted llie liighest and most glo 
 rious degree of it ; and raised himself also, by his 
 own ail-quickening virtue, and according to his 
 own express prediction. Atterhurv. 
 
 jNIcn of study and thought, that reason right, 
 and are lovers of truth, do make no great advance.'! 
 in their discoveries of it. Locke. 
 
 4. Improvement ; progress towards per- 
 fection. 
 
 Tlie principle and object, of the greatest impor- 
 tance (in the world) to the good of mankind, and 
 for the advance and perfecting of human nature. 
 
 Ualc. 
 
 Adva'ncemt^nt. n.s. [advancement ^Fr.] 
 1. The act of coming forward. 
 
 A D V 
 
 This refinement makes driilv ndimtcemenls ; and, 
 1 hope, in time will raise our language to tin- 
 utmost perfection. Sicift. 
 
 •2. The state of being advanced ; prefer- 
 ment. 
 
 Tlie Percies of the North, 
 Finding his usurpation luost unjust, 
 Eudeavour'd my advancement to the throne. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. The act of advancing another. 
 In his own graee he doth exalt himself 
 
 More, than in j'our advancemtnt. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 4. Improvement ; promotion to a Higher 
 state of excellence. 
 
 Nor can we conceive it unwelcome unto those 
 worthies, who endeavour the adiariCfmciit of learn- 
 in(T, Broun s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 5. Settlement on a wife. This sense is 
 now disused. 
 
 The jointure or adrancement of (he lady was the 
 third part of the principality of Wales. Bacc\n. 
 
 Advancer, n. s. [from advance.l He, 
 that advances any thing ; a promoter ; 
 forwarder. 
 
 Soon after the death of a great officer ; who \yas 
 judged no orfiimrer of the king's matters; the kini; 
 saicfto his solicitor, ' Tell me truly, what sav you 
 ' of your cousin that is gone '.' Bacon. 
 
 The reporters are greater adraneers of defama- 
 tory designs, than the very first contrivers. 
 
 Govtrnment of the Tongue. 
 
 ADVA'NTAGE. n. s. [avanfage, Fr.] 
 1. Superiority: often with o/ or oi'tr, be- 
 fore a person. 
 
 In the practical prudence of managing such 
 gifts, the laiety may have some advantage over the 
 clergy ; whose exi'erience is, and ought to he, 
 less of this world than the other. _ Sprat. 
 
 All other sorts and sects of men would evidently 
 have the adrantage of us, and a nmch surer titfc 
 to happiness than we. Altcrburii 
 
 -2. Superiority, gained by stratagem or 
 unlawful means. 
 
 The common law hath left them this beriefit, 
 wlicreof they make advantage^ and w;_est it to 
 their bad purposes. Spenser's .Stale of Ireland. 
 
 But s| eciallv he took advantage of the night, 
 for such privy attempts ; insomuch that thebruit 
 of his raauliiiess was spread ever\ where. 
 
 2 Mace. viii. 7. 
 
 Great malice, backed with a great interest, vet 
 can have no advantage of a man ; but from liis 
 own expectations of something, that is without 
 him. -' South' s Sermo7i£. 
 
 As soon, as he was got to Sicily, they sent for 
 him back ; designing to lake advantage, and pro- 
 secute him in the absence of his friends. Saift. 
 
 3. Opportunity ; convenience. 
 
 (iive me advanlagr, of some brief discourse 
 With Desdemnna ah.ne. Sliakesp. 
 
 4. Favourable circumstances. 
 Like jewels to a.dvantage set. 
 
 Her beauty by the shade does get. Waller. 
 
 A face, which is over-flushecf, appears to ad- 
 va7itage in the deepest scarlet ; and the darkest 
 complexion is not a little alleviated, by a black 
 hood. '^Addison. 
 
 True wit is nature, to advantage dress'd ; 
 What oft was thought, but ne'er so wellexpress'd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. Superior excellence. 
 
 A man, born with such advantage of constitu- 
 tion, that it adulterates not the images of his 
 mind. Glanville. 
 
 6. f iain ; profit. 
 
 For thou saidst, ' What advantage will it be 
 ' unto thee, and what profit shall I Tiave, if I be 
 ' cleansed from my sin ?' _ Job. 
 
 Certain it is, that advantage now sits in the 
 room of conscience ) and steers all. 
 
 Smith's Sermons. 
 
 A D V 
 
 7. Overplus ; something more, than the 
 mere lawl'iil gain. 
 
 Wc owe thee much : within this wall of flesh. 
 There is a soul, cotmts thee her creditor ; 
 .^nd, with advantage, means to pay thy love. 
 
 Stakesp. 
 
 Vou said, you neither lend nor borrow 
 Vpon advantage. Slmkesp. Mevch. of Venice. 
 
 8. Preponderation, on one side of the 
 
 comparison. 
 
 I\Iuch more should the consideration of tliis 
 pattern arm us with patience, against ordinary 
 calamities ; especially, if we consider his example 
 with this advantage ; that though his sulFerings 
 were wholly undeserved, and not for himself but 
 for us, yet he bore them patiently. Tillotson. 
 
 To Adva'ntage. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To benefit. 
 
 Convey, what I set down, fo my lady ; it shall 
 advatitage more, than ever the bearing of letter 
 did. Shakesp, 
 
 The trial hath endamag'd thee no way ; 
 Rallier more honour left, and more esteem ; 
 Me nought advantag'd, missing what I aim'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The great business of the senses being, to make 
 us take notice of what hurts or advantages the 
 bodv ; it is wisely ordered by nature, that pain 
 should accompany the reception of several ideas. 
 
 LiKke. 
 
 We should have pursued some other way, more 
 efifectnal, for distressing the common enemy, ami 
 advantaging ourselves. Sicift. 
 
 2. To promote ; to bring forward ; to gain 
 ground to. 
 
 The stoic (that opinioned, the 3o\ils of wise 
 men dwelt abo\it the moon, and those of fools wan- 
 dered about the earth) «Ji"ii(affd the c mceit of 
 this elTect. Bron-n's Vulgar Errouis. 
 
 In ennoble it with the spirit, that inspires tlie 
 Royal Society, were to mlvantage'it in one of the 
 best capacities, in which it is intproveable. 
 
 GUinv'lte's Scepsis Scientijica. 
 
 Vdva'ntageable. adj. [from advan- 
 tage.] Profitable; convenient ; gainful. 
 
 As it is advantagrublc to a physician, to be called 
 to the cure of a declining disease; soil is for a 
 commander, to suppress a sedition which has 
 passed the height. Sir J. Hat/ward. 
 
 Adva'ntaged. adj. [from To advan- 
 ttiorf.] Possessed of advantages; com- 
 mouiously situated or disposed. 
 
 In llie most advantaged tempers, this disposition 
 is but comparative ; whereas, the most of men la- 
 bour under disadvantat;es, wliicli nothing can rid 
 them of. " Glanville. 
 
 Adva'ntage ground, n.s. Ground, 
 that gives superiority, and opportimities 
 of iinnoyance or resistance. 
 
 This excellent man, who stood not upon the 
 advantage-ground bef ire ; from the time of his 
 promotion to the archbishoprick, provoked or 
 underwent the envy, and reproach, and malice, 
 of men of all (]uallties and conditions ; who agreed 
 in n -thing else. Clarendon. 
 
 Advanta'geous. adj. [amntagev.r, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Ofadvantige; profitable; useful; op- 
 portune ; convenient. 
 
 The time of sickness or affliction is, like the 
 cool of the day to Adam, a season of peculiar pro- 
 priety for the' voice of God to be heard ; and may 
 be iniproved into a very advantageous opportunity 
 of begetting or increasing spirituallife. Hammond. 
 
 Here perhaps 
 Some advantageous act may be achiev'd. 
 By sudden onset ; either with hell-fire 
 To waste his n hole creation, or possess 
 All as our own. MUton. 
 
 34
 
 A D ^^ 
 
 2. It is used, with relation to persons ; 
 
 and followed, by to. 
 Since evcrv pHiiilor paints himself in bis own 
 
 works, "lis nrfraii((t;f.ii/s (o liiui to know himself ; 
 
 to the end, that hi- niay cultivate those talents, 
 
 which make his <:enius. Vryden. 
 
 Advanta'geously. adv. [from adran 
 
 tageous] Conveniently; opjrortunely ; 
 
 profitably. 
 
 It was admntnzemislu situated ; tlieix; beiii? an 
 easv passage froiu it to liiJia, bj sea. Arbnthiwl. 
 Advanta'geoi:sne.ss. n. s. [from ad- 
 vantageous.] Qtiality of beinij advan- 
 tageous; profitableness; usefulness; 
 convenience. 
 
 The last propeiiy which qualifies God for the 
 fittest object of our love, is the adiantagcousncss 
 of his to us, both in the preseutand the future 
 life Bouie^s Seraphic Litvc. 
 
 ToADVE'NE. v.n. [advcnio, Lat.] To 
 accede to something ; to become part of 
 something else, without being essential; 
 to be superadded. 
 
 A cause, considered in jiidicatnre, is stilcd an 
 accidental cause ; and the accidental of any act is 
 said to be, whatever advenes to the act itself al- 
 ready substantiated. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Adve'nient. adj. [advtnitits, Lat.] Ad- 
 vening ; coining from outward causes ; 
 superadded. 
 
 Being thus divided from truth in themselves, 
 they are vet farther removed by advenient decep- 
 tion ; for* they are daily mocked into errour, by 
 subtler devisers. " Bri}U7i'sVi'lgarEirours. 
 
 If, to suppose the soul a distinct substance from 
 tile body, and extrinsically advenient, be a ^fcat 
 error in^ i-hilosophy ; almost all the world natli 
 been mistaken. Ghnvilie's I unity of Dogmatism. 
 
 A'dvext. n. s. [from adrenlus ; that 
 is, adientus /{edcmptoris.] Tlie name 
 of one of the holy seasons, signifiing 
 the comins ; that is, the cnjiiing of our 
 Saviour : which is made the subject of 
 our devotion, during the four v.eeks be- 
 fore Christmas. Common Prai/rr. 
 
 Adve'ntine. adj. [from adrevio, adven- 
 tiim.] Adventitious; that, which is ex - 
 trinsically added ; that, which comes 
 from outward causes : a word scarcely 
 in use. 
 
 As for the peregrine heat, it is thus far true ; 
 tJiat, if the proportion of the adventine heat be 
 greatly predominant to the natural heat and spi- 
 nts oftlie body, it tendeth to dissolution or nota- 
 ble alteration. Bacon 
 
 Adventitious, adj. [advent it ins, Lat.] 
 That, which advenes ; accidental ; su- 
 pervenient ; e.xtrinsically added, not 
 essentially inherent. 
 
 Diseases of continuance get an adrentitiojis 
 strength from custom, besides llieir material cause 
 from the liumours. Bacon, 
 
 Though we may call the obvious colours natu- 
 ral, and the others nrfi'tntitioH.t ,* yet such changes 
 ofcohmrs, from whatsoever cause they prccci-d, 
 may be properly taken in. Boyle. 
 
 ff his mood boil, and the adventitions fire 
 CRaisM by hijih meats, and liigher wines) require 
 To temper and allay the burning heat ; 
 Waters are brought, which by decoction get 
 Xew coolness. Driiden. 
 
 In the gem kind, of all the many sorts rcckoned- 
 iip by lapidaries, il-.cre are not above three or I'our 
 that arc original ; their diversities, as to lustre, 
 colour, and hardness, arising from the ditlerent 
 admixture of other adv&i^itums mineral matter. 
 
 Wooditard. 
 Adve'ntive. n. 4'. [from advenio, Lat.] 
 The thing or person, that comes from 
 ■without • a word not now in use. 
 
 A D V 
 
 Tlial the natives be not so many, but tlial there 
 
 ninv I'e clbow-ruom enough for them, and for the 
 
 aihcnt'ne-i ZiUo. Bacon. 
 
 Adve'xtual adj. [from advent. ] lle- 
 
 latiiiiT to the season of advent. 
 
 I do also daily use one other collect ; as, name- 
 ly, tile collects udventiuit, quadraiieshnal, paschal, 
 or pentecoslal, for their proper seasons. 
 
 Bishop Saund€rs(m. 
 
 ADVENTURE, w. s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. An accident; a chance ; a hazard; an 
 event, of ^vhich we have no direction. 
 
 J'he irenond summoned three castles : one, des- 
 perate ol succour, and not liesirous to dis[.»ute the 
 defence, presently yielded ; but two stood upon 
 their adventure. Haifuard. 
 
 2. In this sense is used the phrase, at all 
 advtnturts ; \a I'avnititre^ Fr.] By 
 chance; without any rational scheme. 
 
 Blows flew at all udcentitTes ; wounds and 
 deaths, given and taken unexpected ; many scarce 
 knowing their enemies, from iheir friends. 
 
 Haifuard. 
 
 Where tiie mind does not perceive probable 
 
 connection, there men's opinions are the crtccts 
 
 cf chance and hazard: of a mind, floating at all 
 
 adventures, without clioicc and without direction. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. The occasion of casual events ; an en- 
 tcqirlse, in wliicli somelhing must be 
 left to hazard. 
 
 For I must love, and am resolv'd to try 
 Z\Iy fate ; or, failing in th' adventure, di*e. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 4. This noun, with all its derivatives, is 
 frequently written without ad ; as, ven- 
 tuir, venturous. 
 
 To Adventure v. n. [ aventiire. Fr.] 
 To try the chance; to dare. 
 Be not angry. 
 IVIost mighty [)rincess, that I have adventured 
 To try vour takins of a false report. Shakespeare. 
 The "tender and delicate woman among you. 
 which would not adienture to set the sole of her 
 foot upon the ground, for delicateness and tender- 
 ness. Dent, xxviii. ii6. 
 
 To Adve'nture. V, a. To put into the 
 power of cliance. 
 
 Fur my father fought for you, and adventured 
 his life far ; and delivered 30U, out of the hand 
 of Midian. Judge.<,\x. IT. 
 
 It is often used with the reciprocal 
 
 pronoun ; as, lie advtnturcd himself. 
 
 Adve'ntlreh. n. s. [ aven(uriet\ Fr.] 
 
 He, that seeks occasions of hazard; he, 
 
 that puts himself in the hands of chance. 
 
 He is a iirreat adventurer, said he. 
 That hathliis sword through liard assay foregone. 
 
 Spemer. 
 
 The kings of England did not make tlie con- 
 quest of Irei;ind : U was begun, by particular ad- 
 rviUnrers, and other voluntaries, wliocameto seek 
 their fortunes. Sir J. Vavies. 
 
 He intended, to hazard his own action ; that so 
 the more easily he might win adventurers, ^^ho 
 else were like to be less forward. Raleigh. 
 
 Had it not been for the British, which the late 
 wars drew over; -.md advcyitiirers or soldiers, seat- 
 ed here ; Ireland had, by the last warand plague, 
 been left destitute. Tcmpk. 
 
 Their wealthy trade from jnrate's rapine free. 
 Our merchants shall no more adventurers be. 
 
 Dr^jdcn. 
 
 Adyk'nttrous. adj. [ areniurtnx^ Fr.] 
 
 1 , He, that is inclined to advcntiu*e3 ; and, 
 consequently, bold, daring, courap^eous. 
 
 At land and sea, in many a doubit'ul ti;:ht, 
 Was never known a more adrentWons knight ; 
 Who oftncr drew his sword, and always for the 
 right. " Driidtn. 
 
 2, Applied to things; that, Avhich is full 
 
 A D V 
 
 of hazard ; which requires courage ; 
 dangerous. 
 
 liut I've already troubled you too long; 
 Nor ilare attempt a luorc advent'rous song : 
 M3' humhie ver^e demands a softer theme ; 
 A painted meadow, or a purling stream. Addison. 
 
 Adventurously. adv.~ [from adven- 
 tiinius.] Alter an adveuturous manner; 
 boldly ; daringly. 
 
 'iliey are both hanged ; and so would this be, 
 if he durst steal any thing adventurousiu. 
 
 Shakesjiearc' i Henrv V 
 
 Adve'nturesome. adv. [from adien- 
 ture.] The same, with adventurous ; a 
 low word, scarcely used in wriling. 
 
 Adve'nturesomeness. n.s. [fromarf- 
 venturesome.] '1 he qualitj- of being ad- 
 venturesome, jbict. 
 
 ADVERB. «. .5. [adverbium, Lat.] A 
 word, joined to a verb or adjective; 
 aiu! solely applied, to the use of qualify- 
 ing and restraining the latitutle of their 
 signification, by the intimation of some 
 circumstance thereof; as, of quality, 
 manner, degree. 
 
 Clarlie's Latin Grammar. 
 Thus we say, he runs swiftly ; the 
 bird flies aloft ; he lives virtuously. 
 
 Adve'RBIAL. adv. [adverbialis, Lat.] 
 That, which has the quality or struc- 
 ture of an adverb. 
 
 Adverbially adv. [adverbialiter,Lsit.] 
 Like an adverb ; in the manner of an 
 adverb. 
 
 I should think, alta was joined adverbiallti with 
 treniit ; did \ irgil make use of so equivocal a sy n- 
 tax. Addison. 
 
 -Adve'rsable. adj. [from adverse.] 
 Contrary to; opposite to. Diet. 
 
 ADVERSARIA, n.s. [Lat. A book, as 
 it should seem, in which Debtor and 
 Creditor were set in opposition.] A 
 common-place ; a book to note in. 
 
 These parchments are supposed to have been 
 St. Paul's arftcrsaria. Bnlt'sScrmoits. 
 
 A'dvers.vry. n. s. [ndversaire, Fr. 
 adversarius, Lat.] An opponent ; an- 
 tagonist ; enemy ; generally applied to 
 those, that have verbal or judicial quar- 
 rels ; as controvertists or litigants : some- 
 times, to an opponent in single combat. 
 It may sometimes imply an open profes- 
 sion of enmity ; as we say, a secret ene- 
 mj' is worse than an open adversary. 
 
 Yet am I noble, as the odvcrsarti 
 1 come to co| e. 6'/ia).c«p. KingLcar. 
 
 Those rites and ceremonies of the church there- 
 fore (w Inch are the self-sarae now, that ihev were, 
 when hol\ and virtuous men maintained' them, 
 against profane and deriding adversaries) her own 
 children h.T\e in derision. Hivker. 
 
 31eaii whilff th' adversarn of God and man, 
 Satan, with thoughts intlam'd of highest design, 
 Puts on swift wings. Mliton. 
 
 An adierstmi makes a stricter ST.rch into us, 
 and discovers every flaw and imperfection in our 
 teui|>crs : a friend exaggerates a man's virtues ; 
 an enemy intlames his crimes. Addison. 
 
 ADVEK.S.ATIVE. adj. [adversativtis, Lai.] 
 A term of grammar, applied to a word, 
 which makes some opposition or variety ; 
 as, in this sentence ; J his diamond is 
 orient, but it is rough : But is an a<t- 
 venalive conjunction. 
 
 35
 
 A D V 
 
 A'dversv,. adj. [adirrsus, Lat.] 
 
 In prose, it has now the accent on the 
 first syUable; in vei*se, it is accented on 
 the first by Shakespeare; on either, indif- 
 ferently, by Milton ; on the last, b} 
 Dnjden; on the firsts by Roscomvum. 
 
 1. Actinsj with contrary directions; as, 
 two bodies in collision. 
 
 Was 1 , for this, nigh wreckt upon the sea ; 
 And twice by adverse winds, from England's bank 
 Drove back again unto my native clime ? Shakesp. 
 
 As, when two polar winds, h]ov.in» adverse, 
 Upon the Cronlan sea together drive 
 fllountains of ice . Milton. 
 
 With rrricerse blast upturns thera from the south, 
 Notus and Afer. Milton. 
 
 A cluml of smoke envelopes either host; 
 And, all at once, the combatants are lost ; 
 Darkling, they join urii'trsc, and shock unseen; 
 Coursers with coursers justling, men with men. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Fij:juratively ; contrary to the wish or 
 desire ; thence, calamitous ; afflictive ; 
 pernicious. It is opposed to prosperous. 
 
 What, if he hath decreed, that I shall iirst 
 Be try'd in humble state, and things adverse ; 
 Jiy tribulations, injuries, insults. 
 Contempts, and scorns, and snares, and violence ? 
 
 Milton. 
 Some, the prevailing malice of the great 
 (Unhappy men !) or adverse fate 
 Sunk deep, into the gulfs of an afflicted state. 
 
 Jifiscommon. 
 
 3. Personally opponent ; the person, that 
 counteracts an other, or contests any 
 thin^. 
 
 Well she saw her father was grown her adverse 
 party ; and yet her fortune sucli, as she must fa- 
 vour' her rivals. Sidneif. 
 
 Adve'rsity. n. s, [adversite, Fr.] Af- 
 fliction ; calamity; that is, opposition to 
 our wishes. 
 
 1. The cause of our sorrow; affliction; 
 misfortune. In this sense, it may have 
 a plural. 
 
 Let n»e embrace these sour adversiiies ; 
 For wise men say, it is tlie wisest course. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry Yl. 
 
 2. The state of unhappiness ; misery. 
 
 Concerning deliverance itself from all adversUif, 
 we use not lu say, * i\Ien are in adversittf^* whefi- 
 soever they feel any small liindrance of their wel- 
 fare in tliis world ; but, when some notable atflic- 
 tion or cross, some great calamity or trouble, be- 
 falleth Ihem. Hooker. 
 
 Sweet are the uses of arfrersify ; 
 Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous. 
 Wears yet a precious jewel in liis head. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 A remembrance of the great use he had made 
 of pro-iperity, contributed to support his mind un- 
 der the heavy weight of advei'sity, which then lay 
 upon him. Atterbury. 
 
 Ab'veksely. adv. [from adverse.] In 
 an adverse manner; oppositely; unfor- 
 tunately. 
 
 What T think, T utter, and spend my malice in 
 my breath : if the drink you give me, touch my 
 palate adversely; I make a crooked face at it. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To ADVERT, n. j;. [adverto, Lat] To 
 attend to ; to regard ; to observe: witli 
 tlie particle to, before the object of re- 
 gard 
 
 Tile iniiid of man being not capable, at once to 
 
 advert to more than one thine ; a particular view 
 
 and examination of such an innumerable number 
 
 of vast bodies, will atliord matter of admiration. 
 
 Rail on the Creation. 
 
 Now to the universal whole advert : 
 TUe earth regard, as of that whole a part; 
 
 A D V 
 
 In which wide frame, more noble worlds abound ; 
 Witness, ye glorious orbs, which hanf around. 
 
 Bluckmore. 
 
 We sometimes say, To advert the 
 mhid to 071 object. 
 Adve'rtence. n.s. \fvom. advert,] At- 
 tention to ; regard to; consideration. 
 
 Christianity may make Archimedes his chal- 
 lenge : give it, but where it may set its foot ; al- 
 liiw, h\\\ -A soh^x advertence to its proposals; and 
 it will move the whole world. Decmii^'Picti). 
 
 Adve'rtency. n. s. [from advert.] The 
 same with advertence. Attention ; re- 
 gard ; heedfulness. 
 
 Too n\uch advertency is not your talent ; or else 
 you had tied from that text, as* from a rock. Swift. 
 
 AhvE'RTENT. adj. [f^rom advert.] Atten- 
 tive ; vi«^ilant ; heedful. 
 
 This requires choice parts, c;reat attention rf 
 mind, sequestration from the rm[)ortunity of se- 
 cular employments, and a long advertent and de- 
 liberate connexion of consequents. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To ADVERTISE, v. a. \jidvertb\Tv. It 
 is now spoken with the accent upon the 
 last syllable ; but appears to have been 
 anciently accented ou the second.] 
 
 1, To inform another; to give intelli- 
 gence ; with an accusative, of the person 
 informed. 
 
 The bishop did require a respite, 
 Wherein he might the king his lord advertise. 
 Whether our daughter were legitimate. Shakcq). 
 
 As I by frientls am well advertised ; 
 Sir Edmund Courtmy, and the haughty prelate. 
 With many more confederates, are in arms.S/ia/ce/v. 
 
 The king was not so shallow, nor so ill adver- 
 tised, as not to perceive the intention of the 
 French king. Bacon. 
 
 I hcpe, ye will advertise me fairly, of what they 
 dislike. Digbij. 
 
 2, To inform ; to give notice: with of, 
 before the subject of information, 
 
 Ferliates, understanding tViat Solyman expected 
 more assured advertisement, unto the other I3assas 
 declared the death of the emperor ; (i/'which they 
 advertised Sol^-man, iirming tliose letters with all 
 their hands and seals. Knolles's Hist, of'the Turks. 
 
 They were to advertise the chief hero, (f the 
 distresses of his subjects occasioned by his ab- 
 sence. Dryden. 
 
 3, To give notice of any thing, by means 
 of an advertisement in the public prints ; 
 as, He advertised his loss. 
 
 ADVERTl'SEMENT,orADVE'RTISEMENT, 
 n. s. [advertissement , Fr.] 
 
 1. Instruction; admonition, 
 
 — 'Tis all men's ofTice, to speak patience 
 To those, that wring under the load of sorrow ; 
 But no man's virtue nor sufficiency, 
 To be so moral, when he shall endure 
 The like himself ; therefore give me no counsel ; 
 My griefs are louder than advertisement. 
 
 Shakesp. Mucit ado about NotJiing. 
 
 Cyrus was once minded, to have put Crossus to 
 death ; but, hearing him report the advertisement 
 of Solon, he spared liis life. 
 
 Abbot's Descrip. oj the World. 
 
 2. Inlelligence; information. 
 
 Then, as a cunning prince, that useth spies. 
 If they return no news, doth nothing knowj 
 
 But, if they make advertisement of lies, 
 The prince's counsels all awry do go. 
 
 Sir John Davies. 
 
 He had received ndvo'tisementy that the party, 
 which was sent for his relief, had received some 
 brush, which would much retard their march. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The drum and trumpet, by their several sounds, 
 serve for many kinds of advertisements, in military 
 atlairs ; the bells serve, to proclaim a scare-fire ; 
 and, in some places, water- breaches j tiie depar- 
 
 A D V 
 
 turc of a man, woman, or child ; time of divine 
 service ; the hour of the day ; day of the month. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 3. Notice of any thing, published in a 
 paper of intelligence. 
 
 AnvEKTi'sER. n. s. [tidcrtiseur, Fr.] 
 
 1. He, that gives intelligence or informa- 
 tion. 
 
 2. The paper, in which advertisements 
 are jitiblished. 
 
 Advertising, or Adverti'sing. part. 
 adj. [from advcrlise.'] Active, in giving 
 intelligence ; monitory : a word, not now 
 in use. 
 
 As 1 was then 
 Advertising, and holy to your business. 
 Not chani^ing hcart'with habit ; I am still 
 Attornied at your service. 
 
 Sliakesji. Measure for Measure. 
 
 To Adve'sperate. r. n. [adveqicro, Lat.] 
 To draw towards evening. Dkt. 
 
 Advi'ce. n. s. [avis, advis, Fr. from ad- 
 visa, low Lat] 
 
 1. Counsel; instruction: except that, in- 
 struction implies superiority, and ad- 
 vice may be given by equals or inferiors. 
 
 Break wc our " atcli up ; and, by my advice. 
 Let us impart, what we nave seen to-n"ight, 
 I'nto young Haudet. .Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 O troubled, weak and coward as thou art ! 
 Without tliy poor advice, the lab'ring heart 
 To worse extremes with swifter steps would run ; 
 Not sav'd by virtue, yet by vice undone. Prior. 
 
 2. Reflection ; prudent consideration : as, 
 he always acts witli good advice. 
 
 What he hath won, that he hath fortified : 
 So hot a speed, with such advice dispos'd ; 
 Such temperate order, in so tierce a course ; 
 Doth want example. Shukesji. KingJoJin. 
 
 3. Consultation ; deliberation : with the 
 particle ivifh. 
 
 Circat princes, taking advice with workmen, 
 with no less cost set their things together. 
 
 Bacon's EsRays. 
 
 4. Intelligence : as, the mercliants receiv- 
 ed advice of their loss. This sense is 
 somewhat low, and chiefly commercial. 
 
 Advi'ce-bo'at. n. s. A vessel employe:! 
 to bring intelligence. 
 
 Advi'sable. adj. [from advise.] Pru- 
 dent; fit to be advised. 
 
 Some judge \t advisable for a man, to account 
 with his heart every day ; and this, no doubt, is 
 the best and surest course : for still, the oftner, 
 the better. Sonth's Sei-mons. 
 
 It is not advisable to reward, where men have 
 the tenderness not to punish. L'Estrangc's Fables. 
 
 Advi'sacleness. n.s. [from advisable.] 
 The quality of being advisable, or fit ; 
 fitness ; propriety. 
 
 ToADVl'SE. V. a. [advise?; Tr.] 
 
 1. To counsel : with tiie particle to, before 
 the thing advised. 
 
 If you do stir abroad, go arui'd. 
 
 ArmM. brotlier ! • 
 
 Brother, I advise you to the best. 
 
 Shakesp. King Tj-ar. 
 I uould advise a]\ gentlemen, to learn merchants 
 accounts ; and not to think it a skill, that belong 
 not to them. hoche. 
 
 When I consider the scruples and cautions, I 
 here lay in your way ; mcthinks it looks, as if I 
 advised you to soraetliing wliich I would have of- 
 fered at", but in etfect not done. Locke. 
 
 2. To give information ; to inform ; to 
 make acquainted with any thing : often 
 with the particle of, before the thing 
 told. 
 
 86
 
 A D V 
 
 You were atlois'd, his flc^li was capa))lc 
 Of wiMinds and scars ; and lliat Ills turward spirit 
 Would lift liini, wlierc most trade of danncr rang'd. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Such discourse bring on. 
 As may athise liiui .;/liis liapny state ; 
 Hap|>iiiess in his piiwcr, left free to will. Pfr. Lost. 
 
 A postinE; mes5eni;er, dispatch'd from hence, 
 (ythis fair'troop adiiis'd their aged prince. 
 
 Drydms.^7teid. 
 
 To Advi'se. I', n. 
 
 1. To consult: with the particle ivil/i, be- 
 fore the person consulted; as, he advis- 
 ed with his companions. 
 
 2. To consider ; to deliberate. 
 
 Adt'ise, if this be worth 
 Attempting; or to sit in darkness here, 
 Hatching vain empires. MiiU'n's Far. Losl,b. ii. 
 
 Advi SED. pni-ticipit'l adj. [from advise.] 
 1. Acting with deliberation and design ; 
 prudent ; wise. 
 
 Let his travel appear, rather in liis discourse, 
 than in his apparel or gesture; and, in his dis- 
 course, let him be rather adi'lsed in his answers, 
 than forward to tell stories. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Th' Almighty Father, where he sits 
 Slirin'd in his sanctuary of heav'n secure, 
 Consulting on the sum of things foreseen. 
 This tuuuilt (and permitted all) adeis'd. 
 
 Paradise Lcst^b. vi. 
 
 g. Performed with deliberation ; done on 
 purpose; acted with design. 
 
 By that, which we work naturally (as, when 
 wc breathe, sleep, and move) we set forth the 
 
 flory of God, as natural agents do ; albeit we 
 ave no express purpose, to make that our end ; 
 nor any advised determination, therein to follow 
 a law. Hooker, b. i. v. 49. 
 
 In my school-days, when I had lost one shaft, 
 I shot liis fellow of'tlie self-same tlight. 
 The self-same way, with more advised watch. 
 To find the other forth ; by vent'ring both, 
 I oft found both. Shaktsp. Mercht. of Venice. 
 
 Advi'sedly. adv. [from adnised.] So- 
 berly ; heedfully ; deliberately ; pur- 
 posely ; by design ; prudently. 
 
 This book, advisedli^ read and diligently follow- 
 ed but one year at home, would do more good, 
 than three years travel abroad. Ascham. 
 
 Surprise ma3' be made by moving things, when 
 the party is \.\ haste ; and cannot stay, to consi- 
 der advisedly of that w liich is moved. 
 
 Bacon, E.'isaii win. 
 
 Thou stilest second thoughts (hy all allowed the 
 best) a relapse ; and accusest constancy of mis- 
 chief, in what is natural, Hndadvistdltf undertaken. 
 iSir John Suckling. 
 
 Advi'sedness. n.s. [from advised.] De- 
 liberation ; cool and prudent procedure. 
 
 While things are in agitation, private men may 
 modestly tender their thoughts to the considera- 
 tion of t'liose, that are in autTiority ; to whose care 
 it belongeth, in prescribing concerning indilierent 
 things, to proceed with all just adviscdness and 
 moderation. Saiindcrsons J tidgment in one View. 
 
 Advi'sement. n. s. [advisement, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Counsel ; information. 
 
 J\lotc I wote. 
 What strange adventure do ye now pursue ? 
 Perhaps my ^uccour, or advisement meet. 
 Mote stead you niiicli. i'afry Queen. 
 
 I will, according to your advisement, declare tlie 
 evils, which seem most hurtful. 
 
 Spenser s State of' Ireland. 
 
 2. It is taken likewise, in old writers, for 
 prudence and circumspection. It is 
 now, in both cases, antiquated. 
 
 Advi'skr. 71. s. [from advise.] The per- 
 son, that advises, or gives counsel ; a 
 counsellor. 
 
 A D U 
 
 Here, free from court compliances, he walks ; 
 And w ith himself, his best adviser, talks. Walhr. 
 
 They never fail of their most artful and indefa- 
 tigable address, to silence this im|)erlincnt ad- 
 viser, wiiose severity awes their excesses. 
 
 liogcrs's Sermojis. 
 
 Adula'tion. n. s. [adulation, Fr. aiiu- 
 latio, Lat ] Flattery ; high compliment. 
 
 O be sick, great Greatness ! 
 And bid thy ceremony give thee cure. 
 Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out 
 With titles blown from adulat'um? Shakesp.Hen.V. 
 They, who flattered him most before ; mention- 
 ed hiiii now with the greatcsl bitterness ; without 
 imputing the least criiue to him, committed since 
 the time of that exalted ariii(a(iim; or that was not 
 then as much known to them, as it could be now. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Adula'tor. 71. s. [adulato7; Lat.] A 
 flatterer. r>icl. 
 
 A'dulatory. adj. [adulatorius, Lat.] 
 Flattering ; full of compliments. 
 
 ADULT, adj. [adultus, Lat.] Grown 
 up ; past the age of infancy and weak- 
 ness. 
 
 They would appear less able to approve them- 
 selves,' not only to the confessor, but even to the 
 catecbist, in their adult age ; than they were, in 
 their minority ; as bavin" scarce ever thought of 
 the principle's of their refigion, since they conned 
 them to avoid cori^etion. Decay oj Piety. 
 
 The earth (by these ap|>lauded schools 'tis said) 
 This single crop of men ami women bred ; 
 W'lio grown adult, so chance (it seems) enjoin'd. 
 Did, male and female, propagate their kind. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 Adu'lt. n.s. A person above the age of 
 
 infancy, or grown to some degree of 
 
 strength ; sometimes, full grown : a 
 
 word used chiefly by medicinal writers. 
 
 The depression of the cranium, without a frac- 
 ture, can but seldom occur ; and then it happens 
 to children, whose bones are more pliable and 
 soft, than those of adults. Shurpe's Surgery. 
 
 Adu'ltne.ss. n.s. [from adult.] The 
 state of being adult. See Adoles- 
 cence. Diet. 
 
 Tt> Adu'lter. v. a. [adulterer, Tr. adul- 
 tero, Lat.] To commit adultery with 
 another ; a word not classical. 
 Hiscliaste wife 
 He adulters still : his thoughts lie with a whore. 
 
 BcnJonson. 
 
 Auu'lTERANT. w. s. [adiillcrans, Lat.] 
 The person or thing, which adulterates. 
 
 To Adu'lter ATE. V. a. [adultei-er, Fr. 
 adult ero, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To commit adultery. 
 
 But fortune (uh !) 
 ylrfa/(fra(cs hourly with thine uncle .Tohn. Shakesp. 
 
 •2. Tocorrupt by some foreign achnixture ; 
 to contaminate. 
 
 Common pot-ashes, bought of them, that sell it 
 in sho[)s ; who are not so fooliahly knavish, as to 
 adulterate them with salt-petre, which is niucli 
 dearer tlian pot-ashes. Boyle. 
 
 Could a man he composed to such an advanfage 
 of constitution, that it should not at M adulterate 
 tbe images of his mind ; yet this second nature 
 would alter the crasis of his understanding. 
 
 Olanville'sSccpsisScicntifica, c. xvi. 
 
 The present war has so adulterated our tongue, 
 with strange wortis ; that it would be impossible 
 for one of our great-graiuU'athers, to know w hat 
 his posterity has been doing. Spectator. 
 
 .Vdu'lterate. adj. [from To adulte- 
 rate.] 
 I. Tainted with the guilt of adidtery. 
 I am possess'd witli aii adulterate blot ; 
 
 A D U 
 
 i\Iy blood is mingled, with the grime of lust ; 
 Being strumpeted by thy contagion. 
 
 Sliakcspe/ire's Comedy of EiTourt. 
 —That incestuous, that adulterate beast. 
 
 Shukesp. 
 
 2. Corrupted, with some foreign mixture. 
 
 It does indeed ditfer no more, than the maimer 
 
 o( adulterate wares docs from the vender of them. 
 
 Government ij'the Tongue. 
 
 Thev will have all their gold and silver ; and 
 
 may keep their adulterate copj er at home. 
 
 Su-ijt's Miscellanies. 
 
 Adul'terateness. n. s. [from adulte- 
 rate] The quality or state, of being 
 adulterate or counterfeit. 
 
 Adultera'tion. n. i. [from adullc- 
 7-ate.] 
 
 1. The act of adulterating or corrupting, 
 by foreign mixture; cont;imination. 
 
 To make the compound pass for the rich Mietal 
 simple, is an adulteration or counterfeiting: but 
 if it be d(»ne avowedly, and without disguising, it 
 may be a great saving of the richer metal. 
 
 Bacon's Natural liistorv, No. 796. 
 
 2. The state, of being adulterated or con- 
 taminated. 
 
 Such translations are like the adulteration of the 
 noblest wines ; where something of the colour, 
 spiri t, and flavour, w' ill remain. Felionon thcC lassies. 
 
 Adu'lterer. 71. s. [adulter, hat.] The 
 person guilty of adullery. 
 
 \Vitli what impatience must the muse behold 
 The wife, by her procuring husband sold ; 
 For, tho' the law makes null Ih' auultcrer's deed 
 Of lands to her, the cuckold nuiy succeed. 
 
 'Druden's Juvenal. 
 
 A.du'lteress. n.s. [from adulterer.] \ 
 woman that commits adidtery. 
 
 The Spartan lady replied, when she was asked, 
 \Vliat was the punishment for adultresses/ There 
 are no such things here. Govern, oj'the Tongue, i 3. 
 
 Helen's rich attire, 
 From Argos by the fam'd aduU're.<s brought, 
 ^^'ith golden llow'rs and winding foliage « rouglit. 
 •Dryden's Virgil. 
 Adu'lterine. U.S. [adulterine, Fr. adul- 
 terinus, Lat ] A child born of an adul- 
 teress : a term of canon law. 
 Adu'lterous. adj. [adulter, Lat.] 
 Ciuilty of adultery. 
 
 The adulterous .\ntony, most large 
 In his abominations, turns you off; 
 And gives his potent regiment to a trull, 
 Tli.it noses it against us. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 .Vn adulterous person is tictl to restitution of the 
 injury, so far as it is reparable ; and to make pro- 
 \ isioii for the children, that they may not injure 
 the legitimate. ' Taylor. 
 
 Think on whose faith th'arfii/t'roiij youth rely'd; 
 Who jiromis'd, who procur'd the Spartan bride. 
 Drvden's /Eneid. 
 
 ADU'LTEFvY. n. s. [adultcrium, Lat.] 
 The act, of \iolatiiig the bed of a mar- 
 ried person. 
 
 All thy domestic griefs at home be left. 
 The wife's adult'ru, with the servant's theft ; 
 And(the most rac'king thought w hich can intrude) 
 Forget false friends, and their iucratitudo. 
 
 iJryden'sJuvcnni. 
 
 Adi'mbr.-VNT. adj. [from adumbrate.] 
 
 That, which gives a slight resemblance. 
 
 To ADUMBR.\TE. v. a. [from adum- 
 bro, Lat] To shadow out ; to give a 
 slight likeness ; to exhibit a faint resem- 
 bl.mce, like that, which shadows afford 
 of the bodies which they represent. 
 
 Heaven is designed for our reward, as well as 
 rescue ; and therefore is adumbrated by all those 
 positive excellencies, w hich can endear or recom- 
 mend. Decay of Piety. 
 
 37
 
 A D V 
 
 Adumbra'tion. n,s. [{\-om a dumb rah,] 
 
 1. The act of athunbmtin^. or givinij a 
 slight and impevtect representation. 
 See Adumbrate, 
 
 To make some adumbration of that we mean ; 
 it is rather an impul'sion or contusion of the air, 
 that an elision or section of tlie sai:ic. 
 
 Bacon's Xatunii Histo)y, No. If)?, 
 
 2. The slight and imperfect representa- 
 tion of a thing : a faint sketch. 
 
 The observers view but the backside of tlie 
 hangings ; the right one is on tlie other side the 
 crave : and our knowledge is, but like tliose bro- 
 ken ends ; at best, a most confused adumbration. 
 Glanvilie's ^^cepsU Scicntihcu. 
 Those of the first sort have some odumbration 
 of the rational nature, as vegetables have of tiie 
 sensible. Httlt's Orif^in. 
 
 Aduna'tion. 71, s. [from ad and If mi K', 
 Lat.] The state, of being united ; union ; 
 a word of little use. 
 
 AVhen by glaciation, wood, straw, dust, and 
 water, are supposed to be united into one lump, 
 the cold does not cause any real union or aduna- 
 tion; but, only hardening tlie aqueous parts of 
 the liquor into ice, the other bodies (being acci- 
 dentally present in that liquor) arc frozen up in 
 it, but not really united. Boyie. 
 
 Adu'ncity. n. s, [aduncitas, Lat] 
 
 Crookedness ; flexure inwards ; hooked- 
 
 ness. 
 
 Tliere can be no question, but the aduncitu of 
 the pounces and beaks of the hawks, is the cause 
 of the great and habitual immorality of those ani- 
 mals. Arbuthnot and Pop't's Mart. Scrib. 
 
 Adu'nque. adj. [aduncus, Lat.] Crook- 
 ed ; bending inwards ; hooked. 
 
 The birds, that are speakers, are parrots, pics, 
 jays, daws, and ravens ; of which, parrots nave 
 all adunqne bill, but tlie rest not. 
 
 Bacons Xiit. Hist. No. 2:^)0, 
 
 A'dvocacy. n. s. [from advocate.] The 
 act of pleading ; vindication ; defence; 
 apology ; a word in little use. 
 
 if any there are, who are of opinion, that there 
 are no antipodes, or that the stars do fall; thev 
 shall not want herein the applause or adwcacii of 
 Satan. Broun's Vutg. Envurs, h. i. 
 
 ADVOCATE, n. s. [advocatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. He that pleads the cause of another, 
 in a court of judicature. 
 
 An advocate (in the general import of the word) 
 is that person, who has the pleading and manage- 
 ment of a judicial cause. In a strict way of speak- 
 ing, only that person is stiled advocate^ v>ho is the 
 patron of tlie cause ; and is often, in Latin, termed 
 togatns, and in English, a person of I he hmg robe. 
 Aylifie's Parergon. 
 Learn what thou ow'st thy country and thy friend ; 
 W'hat's requisite to spare, and what to s[iend : 
 Learn tiiis ; and after, envy not the store 
 Of the greas'd advocate, that grinds the poor. 
 
 Drudcn, Persiua. 
 
 2. He, that p!eads any cause, in whatever 
 manner, as a controvertist or vindicator. 
 
 If she dares trust me with her IJllle babe, 
 I'll shew 't the k'lno ; and undertake to be 
 Her advocate to the loudest. Shakesp. 
 
 Of the several forms of government, that have 
 been or are in the world ; that can^c seems coni- 
 iiionly the better, that has the better advocate, or 
 is advantaged by fresher experience. 
 
 Temple's Miscellanies. 
 
 3. It is used with the particle //^r, before 
 the person or thing, in whose favour tlie 
 plea is oflferid. 
 
 Foes to all living worth, except your own ; 
 And advocates, Jar folly dead and gone. 
 
 Pope's E}jistles. 
 
 4. In the scriptural and sacred sense, it 
 stands for one of the offices of our Re- 
 deemer. 
 
 A E 
 
 Mt', Iiis advoctite 
 And prupitintion ; all liis works an mo, 
 (joi'd ur iHit cood, inur.ift. il/j/foji's Per. Loft. 
 
 Advoca'tion. n.s. [frnm advocate.] 
 The office, or act of pleading; plea; 
 apology. 
 
 Jly lulrocation is not now in tune : 
 JMy ford is not my lord ; nor should I know him. 
 Were he in favour, as in humour, aller'd. 
 
 Shakespeare's Othello. 
 
 Advola'tion. n. s. [advolo, advolaium, 
 
 Lat.] The act, of flying to sometiiinn-. 
 
 Diet. 
 AnvoLu'TioN. n. s. [advnlidio, Lat.] 
 
 The act, of rolling to something. 
 Advo'utry. n. s. [avoutrie, l"r.] Adul- 
 tery. 
 
 He was the roost perfidi<iusman upon the earth ; 
 and lie had made a marriage compoimded be- 
 tween an advotitry and a rape.Bacvis Henru ^ II- 
 
 Advowe'e. n.s. He that has the right 
 of advowson. See Advowson. 
 
 Advo'wson, or Advo'wzen. n.s. [In 
 common law.] A right, to present to 
 a benefice ; and signifies as much, as, 
 Jus Fatronatus. In the common law, 
 it is so tenned ; because they, that ori- 
 ginalh' obtained the right of presenting 
 to any church, were great benefactors 
 thereto; and are therefore termed some 
 times Patroni, sometimes Advocati. 
 
 Coivcll. 
 
 To Adu're. v.n. [«d«7-o, Lat.] To burn 
 up : not in use. 
 
 Sucli a degree of heat, which dolh neither melt 
 nor scorch, doth mellow, and not adure. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hiit. No. 319. 
 
 Adi/st. adj. [adustus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Burnt up; hot, as with fire; scorched. 
 
 By this means, Ihe virtual heat of the water 
 will enter ; and such a heat, as w ill not make the 
 huily ad(ist, or fragile. Bacon. 
 
 Which with torrid heat. 
 And vapours fas the Libyan air) adust. 
 Began to parcli that temperate clime. Milt. P. h. 
 
 2. It is generally now applied, in a me- 
 dicinal or philosophical sense, to the 
 complexion and humours of the body. 
 
 Such humours are adust, as by long heat be- 
 come of a hot and fiery nature ; as choler, and the 
 like. " Quincy. 
 
 To ease the soul of one oppressive weight, 
 This quits an empire, that embroils a stale. 
 The same adiLtt complexion has iinnell'd 
 Charles to the ouvent, Philip to tlie field. Pope. 
 
 Adu'sted. adj. [See Adust.] 
 
 1. Burnt ; scorched ; dried with fire. 
 
 Sulphurous and nitrous foam 
 They found, they mingled ; and, with subtle art 
 Concocted and adustcd, they reduced 
 'i o blackest grain, and into store convey 'd. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. Hot, as the complexion. 
 
 They are but the fruits of adusted choler, and 
 the evaporations of a vindictive spirit. Honrll. 
 Adu'stible. adj. [from adust.'] That, 
 which may be adusted or burnt up. 
 
 Dirt. 
 
 Adu'stion. n. s. [from adust.] The 
 
 act, of burning up or drying, as by fire. 
 
 This is ordinarily a consequent of a burning 
 
 colliquative fever ; the softer parts being melted 
 
 away, the heat, continuing its «(/».■.'('(>« upon the 
 
 drier and fleshy parts, changes into amarcidfever. 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Adz. n.s. See Addice. 
 
 AE, or jE. a diphthong, of very frequent 
 
 A E R 
 
 use in the Latin language ; which seems 
 not, properly to have any place in the 
 English; since the « of the .Saxons has 
 been long out of use, being changed to 
 e simple ; to which, in words fi-equently 
 occuring, the (e of the liomans is (in 
 the same manner) altered ; as in equa- 
 tor, equinoctial, and even in Emus. 
 -E'glogie. n.s. [written instead of 
 eclosruc, from a mistaken etymology.] 
 A pastoral ; a dialogue in verse, between 
 goat-herds. 
 
 NS hich moved Iiim rather, in trgto^iies otherwise 
 to write; doubting perhaps his ahiiity, which he 
 little needed ; or minding to furnish our tongue 
 with this kind, wherein itfaulteth. Spenser's I'ast. 
 
 .SI'gilops. n. s. [a."ytX(a-i,, Or. signifying ^ 
 goat eyed, the goat being subject to {■ 
 this ailment] A tumour or swelling in " > 
 the great corner of the eye, by the root 
 of the nose, either with or without an 
 inflammation : also a plant so called, for 
 its supposed virtues against such a dis- 
 temper. Quincy. 
 
 jTgilops is a tubercle, in the inner cantlius of 
 the eye. Wiseman's .Surgeru. 
 
 .Egypti'acum. n. s. An ointment, con- 
 sisting only of honey, verdigiease, and 
 vinegar. Quiiict/. 
 
 Ml, or Eal, or Al. [in compound names, 
 as irS.) in the Greek compounds] signi- 
 fies all, or altogether. So JElwin is a 
 complete conqueror . Albert, all, illus- 
 trious: Aldred, altogether reverend: 
 Alfred, altogether peaceful. To these 
 Pami/iachius, Pancratius, Pamphilius, 
 &c. do in some measure answer. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 
 /Elf. [which, according to various dia- 
 lects, is pronounced ulf, welph, hulph, 
 hilp, helfe ; and, at this day, helpe] im- 
 plies assistance. So JElfwin is victori- 
 ous ; and JElfwold, an auxiliari/ gover- 
 nor ; JElfgifa, a lender of assistance : 
 with which Boetiits, Symmachus, Epi- 
 curus, &c. bear a plain analogy. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 
 i-ENi'GMA. See Enigm.\. 
 
 Ae'riAL. adj. [a'erius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Belonging to the air, as consisting of it. 
 
 The thunder, w hen to roll 
 Withterrour thr'o the dark ireWa/ hall. Par.Lost. 
 
 From all, that can with tins or feathers fly. 
 Thro' the aerial or the wal'ry sky. PriffT. 
 
 I gathered the thickness of the air, or aerial in- 
 terval, of the glasses at that ring. Kenton's Optics. 
 
 Vegetables abound more with aerial particles, 
 than animal substances. Arbuthnot (niAUmenti, 
 
 2. Produced by the air. 
 The sifis of heav'n my following song pursues ; 
 
 Aerial lutney , and ambrosial dews. Dry. J ir. Gtcr, 
 
 3. Inhabiting the air. 
 
 Where those immortal shapes 
 Of bright aerial spirits live insplier'd, 
 In regions niild of calm and serene air. Par. Reg. 
 Aerial animals may be subdivided into birds 
 and Hies. Locke. 
 
 4. Placed in the air. 
 Here subterranean works and cities see; 
 
 There towns aerial, on the waving tree. 
 
 PojKS Essay on Man. 
 
 5. High; elevated in situation, and there- 
 fore in the air. 
 
 38
 
 A F E 
 
 A spacious city stood, with firmest walls 
 Sure moundcd.and with nunicrous turrets crowiiM. 
 Aeriul spires and citadels, the seat 
 Of kings and herues resolute in war. W;//;k. 
 
 Aerie, n. s. [airit, Fr.] The piopcr 
 word (in hawks, an<l other birds of 
 preyi for that, which we generally call 
 a nest in other birds. Cou'vll. 
 
 Aero'logy. n. s. [iij and Aoy^j Gr.] 
 The doctrine of the air. 
 
 A'eromancy. n. s. [a)i§ and ftarli?, Gr ] 
 The art of divining by the air. DUt. 
 
 AeRO'metRY. n.s. [b'k^ and ftsl^iw, Gr.] 
 The art of measuring the air. Diet. 
 
 Aero'scopy. n s. [ari^ and otAitIu, Gr.] 
 The observation of the air. Uicl. 
 
 .ffl'THlOPS-Mi'NERAL. Ti.s. A medicine, 
 so called from its dark colom- ; prepared 
 of quicksilver and sulphur, ground to- 
 gether in a marble mortar to a black 
 powder. Such, as have used it most, 
 think its virtues not very great. Qidncy. 
 
 JEti'tes. ■». s. [e/1'^, an eagle.l Eagle 
 stone. It is about the bigness of a chest- 
 nut, and hollow ; with somewhat in it, 
 that rattles upon shaking. Qtiinrij. 
 
 Afa'r. ade. [from a for at, and Jar.] 
 See Far. 
 
 1. At a great distance. 
 
 So shaken, as we are, so wan with care ; 
 Find we a time for friphted [leace, to pant, 
 Andbreathesliort-winded accents of new broils, 
 To be commenc'd in strouds afar remote .*' 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 We hear better, when we hold our breaih than 
 contrary ; insomuch as, in listening to attain a 
 sound afaroS, men hold their breath. 
 
 Bacons Xtil. Hist. No. 284. 
 
 2. To or from a great distance. 
 
 H(Ctor hastened to relieve his bodj'. 
 Disniiss'd his burnish'd helm that shone afur. 
 The pride of wajriours, and the poiup of war. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. From afar ; from a distant place. 
 
 The roui^h \'ulturui\s, furirms in its Ci iirse. 
 With rapiH streams divides the fruitful grounds, 
 Aud^rom afar in hollow murmur sounds. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 4. Afar off ; remotely di,staiit. 
 Sluch suspecting his secret ends, he entertained 
 
 a treaty of peace with France, but secretly and 
 ajar ojf, and to be governed as occasions should 
 vary. Sir John Haiju-ard . 
 
 Afeard. participial adj. [from tujcar, 
 fur to fright, with a redundant.] 
 
 1. Frighted; terrified; afraid. 
 
 He loudly bi;iy"d, that like aas never heard ; 
 And from his wide-devuurili<; oven sent 
 A iiake of fire, that flashing in his heard, 
 llim all amaz'd, and almost made afeard. F. Qn. 
 
 But tell me, Hal, art thou not huiribjy afeard ? 
 Thou being heir apparent, cjuld the w'orld pick 
 Ihee out three such enemies again. 
 
 Shakespeare, Henry IV. 
 
 Till he cherish too much beard, 
 And make Love or me ajciird. 
 
 Ben Jonsoiis Vnderwrods. 
 
 2. It has the particle of, beibre the object 
 of fear. 
 
 Fear is described hy Spenser to ride in armour, 
 at the clashing whereof he looks afeard of himself. 
 
 Peachani. 
 
 It is now obsolete; the last author, 
 whom I found using it, is Sedlei/. 
 A'FER. n.s. [Lat.] The south-wek wind. 
 
 With adverse blast upturns Ihem from the south, 
 A'otus and .J/er, black with ihund'rous clouds. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost, b. x. 
 
 A F F 
 
 Aifabi'lity. n.s, [affabliiUyYv. affit- 
 bilitas, Lat. See A i-kablk.] The 
 quality, of being affable; easiness of 
 manners ; courteousness ; civility ; con 
 descension. It is commonly used of 
 sujjorioiirs. 
 
 lleariii;; of iicr beauty and her wit, 
 Wcx ajjahUhy and ba.^lifiil modesty, 
 Ilcr wuud'rous qualiues, and milcl behaviour. 
 
 He was of a most flowing courtesy and ajfkhi- 
 lihf to all men ; and so desirous to oblige Ihcni, 
 I';.; lie did not enou^li consider the vahic of llie 
 obliu:atiou, or tiie merit of the person. Clarendon. 
 
 Aii instances of charity, sweetness of conversa- 
 tion, ajjiihilitif, adniuitition, all sij^aiHcalions o( 
 tenderness, care, and watciifuhiess, must be ex- 
 pressed toward.s children. Tnyin,-. 
 
 It is impossible for a publick minister, to ije so 
 open and easy to all his oJd friends, as lie was in 
 his private condition ; but this may be hcl(^^red out, 
 by an afiilntity of address. L' I strange. 
 
 AFF.VBLE. adj. [affable, Tv.affabitis, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Easy of manners ; accostable ; cour- 
 teous; complaisant. It is used of su- 
 periours. 
 
 He was affaUc, and both well and fair spoken ; 
 and would use strange sueetness and blandish- 
 ment of words, where he desired to aliect or per- 
 suade any thing, that he took to heart. Bai'i)n. 
 
 Her father is 
 An ajfahte and courteous gentleman. 
 
 S1iu}:esp. Tarn. Shrew. 
 
 Gentle to me and affable hath been 
 Thy condescension, and shall be honnur'd ever 
 ^Vith ^ratefid memory. Milton's Par. Lnst,b. Tiii. 
 
 2. It is applied, to the external appear- 
 ance ; benign ; mild ; favourable. 
 
 Augustus aj)pear'd, looking round him with a 
 serene and ajfable countenance upon all the wri- 
 ters of his age. TatUr. 
 A'ffableness. n. s. [from affable.] 
 
 Courtesy; affability. 
 A'ffably. adv. [{rom affable.] In an 
 
 affable manner ; courteously ; civilly. 
 A'ffabrous. a^. [affabre, Fr.] Skil- 
 fully made; complete; finished in a 
 workman-like manner. Diet 
 
 Affabula'tion. n.s. [affabitlatio, Lat] 
 The moral of a fable. Diet 
 
 Affa'ir. n.s. [affaire, Tr.] Business; 
 something to be managed or transacted. 
 It is used, for both private and public 
 matters 
 
 1 was not born for courts or great affairs; 
 
 1 pay my debts, believe, and say my prayers. Po/ie. 
 
 A good acquaintance with nieth'od will greatly 
 
 assist every one, in ranging, disposing, and nia- 
 
 na^ing all human fl/^b/rs" Watts's Logick. 
 
 What St. John's skill in state afairs, 
 W htft Ormoud's valour, Oxford's cares. 
 To aid their sinking country lent ; 
 Was all destroy'd, by one event. .Snift. 
 
 To Affe'ar. v. 71. [from ffj/fcr, Fr.] To 
 confirm ; to give sanction to; to esta- 
 blish : an old term of law. 
 
 Bleed, bleed, poor country ! 
 Great tyranny , lay thou Itiy basis sure ! 
 For goodness dares not check thee : 
 His title is affear'd. Shakesp. Macb. 
 
 .\ffe'ct. n.s. [from the verb «^<f/.] 
 
 1. Affection; passion; sensatioti. 
 It seemeth thai, as tlic feet have a sympathy 
 
 with the lu'ad, so the wrists have a svnipathv 
 with the heart ; we see, the ali'ects and passions of 
 the heart and spirits arc notably disclosed by the 
 pidse. Bacon's Kat. Hist. Jio. 97. 
 
 2. Quality ; circumstance. 
 1 find it diliicult to make out one single ulcer, 
 
 A F F 
 
 without otlier symptom* 
 )l''ueman. 
 
 as autliors describe it 
 or adjects ; joined to it. 
 
 This is only the antiquated word, for 
 
 affection. 
 
 To .\FFE'CT. V. a. [affecler, Fr. officio, 
 
 ufftctum, Lat.] 
 
 1. To act upon ; to produce effects, in any 
 other thing. 
 
 Tlic sun 
 Had first his precept, so to move, so shine ; 
 As might afect the earth with cold and heat, 
 Scaree' lole'rablc. Hilton's Par. tost, b. x. 
 
 'J'he generality of men are wholly eovenied by 
 names, in matters of gt od and evil; so far as 
 these qualities relate to, and affect, the actions of 
 men. South's Sermons. 
 
 Yet even those two particles, do teciprucally 
 affect each other, wiih the same force and vigour ; 
 as they would do, at the same distance, in any 
 other situation imaginable. Bentley's Sermont. 
 
 2. To move the passions. 
 As a thinking nsan cannot but be very much 
 
 a£ecicd, with the idea cf his a])pcaringin tlie tire* 
 seuce of that Being, wiiom none can see and live : 
 he must be much more aif'ccted, wlien he consi- 
 ders : tJiat this Being, whom he appears before, 
 will examine the actions of his lite, and reward 
 or punish him accordingly. 
 
 Addison, .Spectator, No. 513. 
 
 3. To aim at; to endeavour after : spoken 
 of persons. 
 
 Artides broke 
 His silence next, but ponder'd ere he spoke : 
 Wise are thy words, and glad I w unld obey. 
 But tiiis proud man affects imperial sway. 
 
 Dryden's Iliad. 
 i. To tend to ; to endeavour after ; spoken 
 of things. 
 
 The drops of every fluid affect a round figure, 
 by the mutual attraction of their parts ; as the 
 globe of the earth and sea affects a round figure, 
 by the mutual attraction of its parts by gravity. 
 Neiitou's Optics. 
 ";. To be fond of; to be pleased with ; to 
 love ; to regard with fondness. 
 
 That little, which some of the heathen did 
 chance to hear, concerning such matter as the sa- 
 cred scripture plentifully coutaineth, they did iii 
 w c nderful sort affect. Hooker, b. i 
 
 I'here is your crown ; 
 And he that wears the crown immortally, 
 Long guard il yours ! If I a^ect it more, 
 1 hail as your honour, and as your renown ; 
 Let me no more from this obedience rise. 
 
 Sliakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Thinlt not, that wars we love, and strife affect ; 
 
 Or that we hate sweet peace. Fairfax, b. ii. 
 
 None but a woman, could a ntan direct. 
 To tell us women, what we most ajj'cct. 
 
 Bryd. Wife of Bath. 
 G. To make a shew of sometliing ; to study 
 the appearance of an)- thing ; with some 
 degree of hypocrisy. 
 
 Another nymph, amongst themanv fair. 
 Before tl'.e rest affected still to stjnd ; 
 And watch'd my eye, preventing my command. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 These often carry the hmnour so far, till their 
 
 a/?i;ct<rrf coldness anclinditlerencetpii e kills all the 
 
 f..nduess i.f k lover. Addison, Spectator, No. 17]. 
 
 Coquet and coy at once her air. 
 Both studied, tlumgh boih seem neglected; 
 
 Careless she is with artful care, 
 Affecting to seem unaiTeetcil. Congrere. 
 
 The conscious husband, wliom like symptoms 
 seize, 
 Charges on l.er the guilt of their disease ; 
 Afiecting fury, acts a inadinan s part ; 
 He'll rip the I'aial secret from her lie.irt. Gramilte. 
 7. To imitate in an unnatural and con- 
 sti-ained manner. 
 
 Spenser, in affecting the ancients, writ no lan- 
 guage ; yet I would fiave him read for his matter, 
 but as \ irgil read Ijuiius. BenJonson'sDiscoccria. 
 
 39
 
 A F F 
 
 8. To convict of some crime; to attaint 
 Avith ^uilt : a phrase, merely juridical. 
 
 Bv tlif civil law, if 3 dowry with a wife he pro- 
 mised and not paid, tlie hiisliaiid is not obliged to 
 allow lier alimony : but, if her parents shall be- 
 come insolvent by some misfortune, he shall have 
 aiinioiiy ; unless you can alfcct them with fraud, 
 in promisiui^, what they knew they were not able 
 to perform. Aylljf'cs Panrgon. 
 
 Affect a'tion. n.s. [fT^ffecfatiOjLat.] 
 
 1, Fondness ; high decree of liking ; com- 
 monly with some degree of culpability. 
 
 In things of their own nature iudilfcreat, if 
 either councils or particular men have at any liuie, 
 with sound judf^mcnt, mislikcd conformity be- 
 tween the church of God and infidels ; the cause 
 tliereof hath been somewhat else, than only af?cc- 
 tation of dissimilitude. Hooker, h. iv. ^ 7, 
 
 2. An artificial show ; an elaborate ap- 
 pearance ; a false pretence. 
 
 It has been (from age to age) an affectation, to 
 love the pleasure of solitude, among tliose, who 
 cannot possibly be supposed qualified for passing 
 life in that manner. Spectator, No. 264. 
 
 Affe'cted. participial adj, [from af- 
 fect] 
 
 1. Moved; touched with affection; in- 
 ternally disposed or inclined. 
 
 No marvel tlien, if he were ill affected. 
 
 Shiikespeare, Kin^ Lear. 
 
 The model thev seemed affected to, in their di- 
 rectory, was not like to any of the foreign reform- 
 ed churches now in the world. Clarendon. 
 
 2. Studied with over-much care, or with 
 hypocritical appearance. 
 
 llicse autick, lisping, ofi'cctcd pliantasies, these 
 new tuners of accents. Snakcsp.nomeo and Juliet. 
 
 3. In a personal sense, full of affectation ; 
 as, an affvclcd lady. 
 
 Affe'ctedly. adv. [from affecfrd.] 
 3. In an affected manner ; hypocritically ; 
 with more appearance than reality. 
 
 Perhaps they are affectcdlii ignorant : thev are 
 so willing, it sliould oe true, that they have not 
 attempted to examine it. 
 
 Government of the Tongue, §5. 
 Some indeed have been so affectedlu vani, as to 
 counterfeit inuuortality ; and have stolen their 
 death, in hopes to be e'^tecnied immortal. 
 
 Brown^'i Vulgar- ErroJirs, h. vii. c. 10. 
 
 By talking so familiarly of one Imndrod and ten 
 
 thousand pounds, by a tax u])on a few comiuodi- 
 
 tics. it is plain, you are either naturally or uffect- 
 
 edtq ignorant" of our condition. Suift. 
 
 5i, Studiously ; M'ith laboured iwtention. 
 
 Some mispersuasions, concerning the div!ne a(- 
 
 tributes, tend to the corrupting men's ni;;nneFs ; 
 
 as if they ■ivere designed, and affectedlu chcsen, 
 
 for that purpose. Dccuf} of P'tetif. 
 
 Affe'cTEDNESS. n. s. [from affected.'] 
 The quality, of being affected, or of 
 making false appearances. 
 
 AFFFXTION. n.s. [affect ion, Tr. affec- 
 tio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Tlie state, of being aff cted by any 
 cause or agent. This general sense is 
 little in use. 
 
 Some men there are, love not a gaping pig ; 
 Some, tliat are mad, if thev behold a cat ; 
 And others, when the bag-pipe sings i' tlT nose, 
 Cannot contain their uruie for affection. 
 
 Shakesp.Merch. of Venice. 
 
 2. Piission ofany kind. 
 
 Tlien gan ihe palmer thus : most wretclied man, 
 That to (iffcctions does the bridle lend ; 
 
 In their beginnins they are weak and wan, 
 But soon through sufferance grow to fearful eud. 
 
 Fairi] Q}ieen. 
 
 Impute it to my late solitary life, which is 
 prone to affections. Sidney, b. i. 
 
 A F F 
 
 Affections Casjoy, grief, fear, and anger, with 
 such like) being (as it were) the sundry iashions 
 and forms of appetite, can neither rise at the con- 
 Ceif of a thing indifferent, nor yet choose but rise 
 at the sight of some things. Hooker, b. i. 
 
 I'o speak truth of Ciesar ; 
 I have not known, when his affections sway'd, 
 Mure than his reason. Shakesn. Jidins Cccsar. 
 
 Zeal ought to be composed of tlie highest de- 
 grees of pious affections ; of which some arc milder 
 and gentler, some sharper and more vehement. 
 
 Sprat' sSertnons. 
 
 T can present nothing beyond this, to your af- 
 
 fcctiiHis ; to excite your love and desire. Tiltotson. 
 
 3. Love; kindness; goodwill to some 
 persons : often with to or towards, be- 
 fore the person. 
 
 I have acquainted you. 
 With the dear love I bear to fair Anne Page, 
 Who mutually hath answer'd ray affection. 
 
 Shaktsp. Merry M^wes of Windsor. 
 My king is tangled in affection, to 
 A creature of the queen's, lady Anne BuUen. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 What warmth is there in your affections, towards 
 any of these princely suitors ? 
 
 Shakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 Makes his interest depend upon mutual affection 
 and good correspondence with others. 
 
 Collier on General Kindness. 
 Nor at first sight, like most, admires the fair ; 
 For you he lives ; and you alt>ne shall share 
 His last affection as hisearly care. Pope. 
 
 4?. Goodwill to any object; zeal; pas- 
 siouate regai'd. 
 
 I have reason to distrust mine own judgment ; 
 as that, which may be overborn by my zeal and 
 affection to this cause. liacnn. 
 
 Set your affection upon my w^ords ; desire them, 
 and ye shall be instructed. Wisdojn, vi. 11. 
 
 Hfs integrity to the king was without blemish ; 
 and his affection to the church so notorious, that 
 he never deserted it. Clarendon. 
 
 All the precepts of Christianity command us, 
 to moderate our passions, to temper our affctions 
 towards all things below. Temple. 
 
 Let not the mind of a student be under the in- 
 fluence of warm ff/f^cf/on (o things of sense, when 
 he comes to the search of truth. 
 
 Tlaf/^'s Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 5. State of the mind, in general. 
 
 There grows. 
 In ray most ill compos'd affection, such 
 A stanchless avarice ; that were I kinu, 
 I should cut off the nobles for tt'eir lunds. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth 
 The man, that hath no musick in himself. 
 Nor is not mnv'd with concord of sweet sounds, 
 Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils j 
 'J'ho motions of his spirit are dull as ui.ht, 
 And his affectio/is dark as Erebus : 
 Let no such man be trusted. 
 
 Shakesp. Merch . of' Ven -ce. 
 
 6. Quality ; property. 
 
 The certainty aiid accurateness, which is attri- 
 buted to what mathematicians deliver, must be 
 restrained to\\hatthev teach, concerning tho=e 
 purely mathematical disciplines, aritlnuclick and 
 geometry ; where the affections of quantitv are 
 nhstractedly considered. lioy/e. 
 
 The mouth, being necessary to conduct the 
 voice to the shape of its cavity, necessarily gives 
 the vuice some [larticular offfc^/dK of sounci in its 
 passage, before it come o tlie lips. 
 
 Holder s Klementu of Speech. 
 
 God may have joined immaterial souls toother 
 
 ^ kinds of b'-dies, and in other laws of union ; an I, 
 
 from those difierent laws of union, there will arise 
 
 quite ditferent affections, and nature*;, and species 
 
 of liie compound beings. Bentleii''s Sermons 
 
 7. State of the body, as acted upon by 
 any cause. 
 
 It seemed to me a venereal gonorrhrra; and 
 others thought, it arose from some scorbutica! af- 
 fection. Wisemans Surgeri/- 
 
 8. Lively representation in painting. 
 
 A F F 
 
 _ -/Iffection is the lively rpprcsentincnt of any pas- 
 sion whatsoever; as if (he li^iircs stood, not npoii 
 a cloth or board ; but as if they were acting uuou 
 •I stage. n oKrai's Architecture. 
 
 !). It is used by Shakespeare sometimes, 
 for affectation. 
 
 Tliere was nothing in it, lliat could in(Mct the 
 author o{ ajleclinn. Shakexp. 
 
 Affe'ctionate. adj. [affect ionni', Fr. 
 from affection.'] 
 
 1. Full of affection; strongly moved; 
 warm ; zealous. 
 
 In their love of God, and desire to please him, 
 men can never be too affectionate ; and it is as 
 true, that, in their hatred of sin, men may be 
 sometimes too passionate. Sprat's Sermons. 
 
 2. Strongly inclined to ; disposed to ; 
 witii the particle to. 
 
 As for the parliament, it presently took fire; 
 being affectionate of old, to the war of Vrance. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VIII. 
 
 3. Fond; tender. 
 H ■ found me sittint^, beholding this picture, 1 
 
 know not with how o/feionate countenance ; but, 
 I am sure, with a most affectionate mind. Sidney. 
 
 Away they fly, ^ 
 
 Affectionate; and, undesiring, bear 
 I'he most delicious morsel to their young. 
 
 Tliomson's Spring. 
 
 4. Benevolent ; tender. 
 When we reflect, on all this affectionate care of 
 
 Providence for our hap|)iness ; with what wonder 
 must we observe the little ett'ect it has on men! 
 
 Roger's Sermons. 
 
 Affe'ctionately. adv. [from affec- 
 tionate.] In an affectionate manner; 
 fondly; tenderly; benevolently. 
 
 Affe'ctionateness. n. s. [from affec- 
 tionate.] The quality or state, of being 
 affectionate ; fondness ; tenderness ; 
 good vifill; benevolence. 
 
 Affe'ctioned. adj. [from affection.] 
 
 1. Affected; conceited. This sense is 
 now obsolete. 
 
 An al^cctioiicd ass, that cons state without book, 
 and utters it by great swaths. 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 2. Inclined; mentally disposed. 
 Be kindly apectioned one to another.R<Tm..\ii.lO. 
 
 .'vffe'ctiou.sly. adv. [from affect.] In 
 an iiffectiiig manner. I)ict. 
 
 Affe'ctive. adj. [from affect.] That, 
 which affects ; that, which strongly 
 t<iuche3. It is generally used for pain- 
 ful. 
 
 Pain is so unea.sy a sentiment ; that very little 
 of it is enowiih, to corrupt every enjoyment ; and 
 the ctVect, God intends this v.^riety of ungrateful 
 and a ffccti'ie sentiments should have on us, is, to 
 reclaim our aiicctious from this valley of tears. 
 
 liogers, 
 
 Affectuo'sity. n. s. [from affectu- 
 ous.] Passioiiateness. Diet, 
 
 Affe'ctuous. adj. [from affect.] Full 
 of passion ; as, an afftctuous speech: — • 
 a word, little used. 
 
 To Affe're v. a. [ajier^ Fr.] A law 
 term, signifying to confirm. See To 
 Affear. 
 
 .Affe'rors.??. s. [from affere.] 
 
 Svich, as are appointed in court-leets, &:c. upon 
 oath, to nmlct such as have committed faults, ar- 
 bitrarily punisbiible, and have no express penalty 
 set dttuu by statute. Cowelh 
 
 AFFIANCE. 71. s. [affance, from ajier^ 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. A maiTiage contract 
 
 40
 
 A F F 
 
 At last such grace I found, and means I wrought, 
 Tliat I that lady to my spouse liad won ; 
 
 Accord of friends, consent of parents sought. 
 Affiance made, my happiness be»un. 
 
 Fairy Queen, b. ii. 
 
 2. Trust, in general ; confidence ; secure 
 reliance. 
 
 The duke is virtuous, mild ; and too well given. 
 To dream on evil, or to work my downfall. — 
 — Ah ! what's more dangerous, than this fond 
 
 affiance ? 
 Seems he a dove ? his feathers are but borrowed. 
 Sltakt'sp. fleni't] \ I. 
 
 S, Trust in the divine promises and pro- 
 tection. To this sense it is now ahnost 
 
 confined. 
 
 Belieion receives man, into a covenant of ^race ; 
 where tnere is pardon reached out, to all truly pe- 
 nitent smners, and assistance promised, and en- 
 gaged, and bestowed, upon very easy conditions; 
 vis, humility', prayer, and affiance in him. 
 ^ Hammond''' Fundamentals. 
 
 There can be no surer way to success, than by 
 disclaiming all conlideuce iii ourselves, and refer- 
 ring the events of things to God with an implicit 
 affiance. Atterburii's Sermons, 
 
 'fo Affi'ance. v. a. [from the noun 
 ajfiance.'\ 
 
 1. To betroth ; to bind any one by pro- 
 mise, to marriage. 
 
 To me (sad maid, or rather widow sad) 
 He was affianced, long time before ; 
 
 And sacred pledges he both gave and had ; 
 False errant knight, infamous and foreswore. 
 
 Fuirif Queen, 
 
 Her should Angelo have married, was affianced 
 to her by oath, and the nuptial appointed ; be- 
 tween which time of the contract, and limit of 
 the solemnity, his brother was wrecked, having 
 ill that vessel llie dowry of his sister. 
 
 Shakesp. Measure for Measure, 
 
 2. To give confidence. 
 
 Stranger! whcie'er thou art, securely rest 
 ^^ancainmy faith, a friendly guest. "Pope's Odtjs. 
 Affi'ancer. n. s. [Irom affiance.] He 
 that makes a contract of marriage be- 
 tween two parties. Diet. 
 Affida'tion. ) n. s. [from affido, Lat. 
 Affida'ture j See Affied.] Mu- 
 tual contract ; mutual oath of fidelity. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Affida'vit. n. s. {affidavit signifies, in 
 
 the language of the common law, lu 
 
 made oath.] A declaration upon oath. 
 
 Vou said, if I return'd ne.vt 'size in Lent, 
 I should he in remitter of vour grace ; 
 In th' interim, my letters should take place 
 Ot iiffidarils Donne. 
 
 Count lleclitcren should have made affidavit. 
 that his servants had been aifronted ; and then 
 jMonsieur Mesnager would have done him justice. 
 Spectator, So, 481. 
 
 Affi'ed. participial adj [from the verb 
 affif, derived from affido, Lat. Bracton 
 usinglhe Y>^raseaffidaremuliei-es.'\ Joint- 
 ed 1)3' contract ; affianced. 
 
 Be we affied, and such assurance ta'en. 
 As shall " itii either part's agreement stand, .Sdnte. 
 
 Affili.Vtiox. n. s. [from ad and Jilius, 
 Lat.] .\doption; the act of taking 
 a son. Chambers. 
 
 A'ffinage. 71. s. [offinage, Fr.] The 
 act ofrefming metals by the cupel. Diet. 
 
 Affi'ned. adj. [from affinis, Lat.] Join- 
 ed by affinity to another; related to 
 another. 
 
 If partially affin'd, or Icagu'd in office. 
 Thou dost (feru-cr more or less than truth. 
 
 Thou art iio soldier. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 Shakesp. Othello, 
 
 A F F 
 
 Affi'sity. n. s, [offinitt', Fr. from 
 nffinis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Uelntion by marriage; relation con- 
 tracteJ, by the husband to the kindred of 
 the wife, and by the wife to those of the 
 husband. It is opposed to cunaangui- 
 7iih/, or relation by birth. 
 
 Inthissens( it has sometimes the par- 
 ticle ivifh, and sometimes tOy before the 
 person to whom the relation is contracted. 
 
 'liiey had left none alive ; by the blindness of 
 raLic feilliiig many guiltless persons, either for 
 affinity to the tyrant, or enmity to the tyrant-kil- 
 lers. Sidneif, b. ii 
 
 And solomon made affin'itii with Pharaoh king 
 of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daugliter. 
 
 1 Kings, iii. 1 
 
 A breach was made with France itself, notwith- 
 staEuiing so strait an affinitu,so lately accomplished ; 
 as if ind^eed (according to that pleasant maxim «'f 
 state) kini^doms were never married. JVotion. 
 
 2. Relation to ; connexion with; resem- 
 blance to : spoken of things. 
 
 The British tongue or Welsh was in use, only 
 in this island ; having great a^mty icith the old 
 Galiick. Camden. 
 
 All things, that have affinxty tcith the heavens, 
 move upuu tlie center of aiioilier, whicii they be- 
 nefit. Bacon, Essau x.viv. 
 
 Tiie art of painting hath wondertul affinity uitfi 
 that of poetry. Dryd. Diifrestioy, Pref. 
 
 Man is more distinguished, by devotion than 
 
 by reasun ; as several brute creatures discover 
 
 something, like reason ; though they betray not 
 
 any thing, that bears Uie least a^;i((v(o devotion. 
 
 Addinon Spect. No, 201. 
 
 To AFFI'RM. V. n. [affinno, Lat.] To 
 declare ; to tell confidently : opposed to 
 the word deny. 
 
 Yet their own authors faithfully affirm. 
 That the land Sahke lies in Geruiany, 
 Between the floods of Sala and of £lve. 
 
 Sfiakesp. Henry V. 
 
 To Affi'rm. v. a. 
 
 1 . To declare positively ; as, to affirm a 
 fact. 
 
 2. To ratify or approve a former law, or 
 
 judgment : opposed to reverse or repeal. 
 
 The house of peers hatli a power of judicature 
 in some cases, properly to examine, and then to 
 affirm ; or, if there be cause, to reverse the judg- 
 ments, which have been given in t!ie court of 
 king's bencli. Bacon's Advice to Sir G. Vdliers. 
 
 In this sense we say, to affirm the tt^th, 
 
 Affi'hmable. adj. [from affirm.] That, 
 w^hich may be affirmed. 
 
 Those attributes and conceptions, that were 
 applicable and affirmahle of him when present. 
 are now affinnnhle and applicable to him tbouizh 
 pait. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Affi'rmance. n. s. [from affirm.] Con- 
 firmation : opposed to repeal. 
 
 Tliis .>itatiite did but restore an ancient statute, 
 which w.is itself also made but ia affirmance of 
 the couiMion law. Bacon. 
 
 Affi'rmant. ». s. [from affirm.] The 
 
 person, that affirms ; a declarer. Diet. 
 
 Affirma'tion. n. s. [affiirmatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of affirming or declaring: op- 
 posed to nei^ation or denial. 
 
 This ^intieman vouches, upon warrant of 
 bhiody affirm dion, his to be more virtuou?, and less 
 attempiablc, than any of our ladies. 
 
 Shakt'Sp. Cymbeline. 
 
 2. The position affirmed. 
 
 That he shall receive no benefit from Christ, is 
 the affirniatton, whcri'on his despair i.s founded; and 
 one way of removing tliis dismal appreheiisiun 
 
 A F F 
 
 is, to convince him, that Christ's death (if he per- 
 form the condition required) shall ceriainlv b<"- 
 long to him. Hammond's Fundatnentalt. 
 
 3. Confirmation; opposed to re/zra/. 
 
 The learned in the laws of our Und observe, 
 that our statutes sometimes are only the affinna- 
 tion or raiificatiou of that, which by common 
 law was held before. Hoohci 
 
 Affirmative, adj [from affirm.] 
 
 1. That, which affirms; opposed to ne- 
 gative: in which sense, we use the 
 affirmative absolutely ; tliat is, the af- 
 
 Jtrmative position. 
 
 For the affirmative, we arc now to answer such 
 proofs of theirs, as have been before alleged. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Wliether there are such beings or not, 'tis suf- 
 ficient for my purpuse, that many have believed 
 the affirmative. Dryden. 
 
 2. That, which can or may be affirmed : a 
 sense, used chiefly in science. 
 
 As in algebra, where affiroiative quantities va- 
 nish or cease, there negative ones begin ; so in 
 meclianicks, where attraction ceases, ^ere a re- 
 pulsive virtue ought to succeed. Xewt. Opt, 
 
 3. Applied to persons; he, who has the 
 habit of affirming with vehemence ; 
 positive ; dogmatical. 
 
 Be not contident and affirmative, in an nncer- 
 tain matter; but rei-ort tbingi modestly and tem- 
 perately, according to the degree of that persua- 
 sion; which is, or ouglit tu be, begotten by the 
 eflicacy of the authority, or the reason iiiducini» 
 thee. " Taylo^. 
 
 Affirmatively, adv. [from affirma- 
 tive,] In an affirmative manner; on 
 the positive side; not nej^atively. 
 
 The reason of man hath no such restraint. 
 concluding not only up'irmativelu, but negatively ; 
 not only aflirming, there is n > nmgnitude bevond 
 the labt heavens ; but also denying, there is any 
 vacuity witJiin them. Brou-ns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Affi'rmer. 71. s. [from affirm.] The 
 person, that affirms. 
 
 If. by the word virtue, the affirmer intends our 
 whole duly to God and man ; and the deuier, by 
 the word virtue, means onh- courage, or (at 
 most) our dutv towards our neighbour, without 
 includiii^ (m tlie idea of it) the duty which we 
 owe to God. U affjs's hogick. 
 
 To Affi'x. v. a. [pffigo, affixum^ Lat.7 
 
 1 . To unite to the end, or a posteriori ; to 
 subjoin. 
 
 He, that has settled in his mind determined 
 ideas, with names affixed to them, will be able 
 to discern their differences one from another. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 If men constantly a^^ifr/ applause and disgrace, 
 
 where they ought ;* the principle of shame w otdd 
 
 liave a very g- od influence, on publick conduct ; 
 
 though, on' secret viUauies, it lays no re.nraint. 
 
 Rogers Sermoas. 
 
 2. To connect consequentially. 
 
 Tile doctrine of irresistibility t^f grace, in work- 
 ing whatsoever it works ; if ft be acknowledged, 
 there is nothing to be afftxt tu gratitude. 
 
 Hammond^s Fundamentals. 
 
 3. Simply, to fasten or fbc. Obsolete. 
 Her modest eye^, abashed to behold 
 
 So many gazers as on lier do stare. 
 
 Upon the lowly ground a^ued are. Spenser. 
 
 Affix. ??. s. [affixum. Lat.] A term of 
 grammar. Something, luiited to the 
 end of a word. 
 
 In tlie Hebrew language, the noun has its af- 
 
 Jixa, to denote the pronouns possessive or relitive. 
 
 Clarke's Latin Gra^nmar. 
 
 AfFI'xIOX. fi.s. [£rom flffir.] 
 
 1. Tiie act of affixing. 
 
 2. The state of being affixed. Diet. 
 
 U
 
 yV F F 
 
 Affi.a'tion. n s. [djjlo, ajlliitiim, Lat.] 
 The act of breathing upon any thing. 
 
 nut. 
 
 AFFLATUS, n.s. [Lat.] Coviimunication 
 of tlie power of proiihecy. 
 
 Tlie poet, writing against iiis genius, will be 
 like a prophet without his ajHatus. 
 
 SpeTice on the Odi/.«ci/- 
 
 To AFFLI'CT. v. a. {afflicto, afflictum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To put to pain ; to grieve; to torment. 
 
 It teacheth us, how God thouglit (it to plafjiif 
 and ajjlkt them: it doth not appoint, in what 
 form iind manner we ought to punish the sin of 
 idolatry in others. timker, b. v. § 17. 
 
 O coward conscience, liow dost thuu (ijllict me ! 
 The lights bum blue.— Is it not dead Miidiiii;ht ? 
 Cold fiarful drops stand on ray tremhiiiii; flesh. 
 Shakesp. liich. III. 
 
 Give not over thy mind to heaviness, and ajfiict 
 not thyself in thine own counsel. Eccles. xxx. 21. 
 
 A fa'thi-r, nfflictcd with unlimely mourning, when 
 he hath made an image of his "cliild soon taken 
 a.vav, now honoured him as a God, which was 
 then a dead man ; and delivered, to those that 
 were under him, ceremonies and sacrifices. 
 
 Wisdom, 
 
 A melancholy tear afflicts my eye ; 
 And my heart labours with a sudden sigh. Prinr. 
 
 2. The passive (to be afflicttil) ha.s often 
 at, before the causal noun ; bi/ is like- 
 Vvise proper. 
 
 The mother »as so afflicted, at the loss of a fine 
 boy, who was her only son; that she died for 
 grief of it. Addison, Spect. 
 
 Affli'ctedness. 71. s. [from afflicted.'] 
 The state of affliction, or of being af- 
 flicted ; sorrowfuhiess ; grief. 
 
 Affli'cter. n. s. [from afflict.'] The 
 person that afflicts. 
 
 Affli'ction. n. s. [ajfflictin, Lat.] 
 
 1. The cause of pain or sorrow; cala- 
 mity. 
 
 To the flesh (as the apostle himself granletli) 
 all affliction is naturally grievous ; therefore na- 
 ture, which causeth.fear, teacheth to pray against 
 all adversity. Hmkei; b. v. § 48. 
 
 We'll bring you to one, that yo\i have cozened 
 of money : I think, to rep.ay that money, will be 
 a biting affliction. Shakespeare. 
 
 2. The state of sorrowfulness; misery: 
 opposed to joi/ or prosperity. 
 
 Besides you know, 
 Prosperity's tiie very bond of love ; 
 VVhose fresh complexion, and whose heart to- 
 gether. 
 Affliction alters. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Where shall we find the man, that bears afflic- 
 tion. 
 Great and majestic in Ms griefs, like Cato ? 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 Some virtues are only seen in affliction, and 
 
 some in prosperily. Addison, Spectator, No. 257. 
 
 Affli'ctive. adj. [from affiict.] That, 
 which causes affliction; painful; tor- 
 menting. 
 
 They found martyrdom a duty; dressed up in- 
 deed with all, that was terrible and afflictiue to 
 human nature ; yet, not at all the less a duty. 
 
 Sotttli. 
 Nor can they find. 
 Where to retire themselves, or where appease 
 Th' afflictive keen desire of food ; expos d 
 To winds and storms, and jaws of savage death. 
 
 rhdijis. 
 Restless Proserpine, — 
 ^On the spacious land and liquid main, 
 Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 A'ffluence. n. s. [affluence, Fr. afflutntia, 
 Lat.] 
 
 AFP 
 
 1. The act of flowing to any ])lacc; con- 
 course. It is almost always used %ii- 
 rativcly. 
 
 I shnll not relate the ajfluence of young nol>Ies, 
 from hence into Spain; after the voice, of our 
 prince being there, had l)eeu noised. Wotton. 
 
 2. Exuberance of riches; stream of wealth; 
 
 plenty. 
 
 Those degrees of fortune, which give fiihiess 
 and ajjinence to one station, may be want and pe- 
 nury ni another. Rogers. 
 
 Let joy or ease, let affluence or content, 
 And the gav conscience of a life well spent. 
 Calm ev'rythought, inspirit ev'ry grace. Pope. 
 
 A'PTLUENCY. n. s. The same, with 
 
 affluence, 
 A'FFLUENT. adj. [afflumt, Fr. affluens, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Flowing to any part. 
 
 These parts are no more, than foundation piles 
 of the ensuing body; which are afterwards to be 
 increased and raised to a greater bulk, by the 
 aiJlnent blood, that is transmitted out of the mo- 
 ther's body. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 2. Abundant ; exuberant ; wealthy. 
 
 I see thee, Lord and end of my desire, 
 Loaded and blest with all the abluent store, 
 W Inch liuman vows at smoking shrines implore. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 A'ffluentness. n, s. \?Yom ojpucnf.] 
 The quality of being affluent. Diet. 
 
 A'fflux. w. s. [affJuxuSj Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of flowing to some place ; af- 
 fluence. 
 
 2. That, which flows to another place. 
 
 The cause hereof cannot be a supply by pro- 
 creations ; ergo, it must be, by new affluxes to 
 London out of the country. Graunt. 
 
 The infant grows bigger out of the womb, by 
 agglutinating one o/f/ox of blood to another. 
 
 Harveu on Consumptions. 
 
 An animal, that must lie still, receives the afflux 
 of colder or warmer, clean or foul water, as it 
 happens to come to it. Locke. 
 
 Afflu'xion. 7i. s. [affJuxio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of flowing to a particular place. 
 
 2. That, which flows from one place to 
 another. 
 
 An inflammation ; either simple, consisting of 
 
 an hot and sanguineous affiuxmi ; or else dcnomi- 
 
 nabl from other Inmionrs, according unto the 
 
 predominancy of melancholy, phlesm. or choler. 
 
 CrtKcn's" Vulgiir Kmiiirs. 
 
 To Affo'r d. v. a. [affotinrr, affour- 
 rager, Fr.] 
 
 1. To yield or produce ; as, the soil 
 affords grain ; the trees afford frtiils. 
 This seems to be the primitive signifi- 
 cation . 
 
 2. To grant, or confer any thing ; gene- 
 rally in a good sense, and sometimes in 
 a bad, but less properly. 
 
 So soon, as Maurmon iIutc arrlv'd, the door 
 To him did open, and afforded way. Faint Queen. 
 
 This is the cons(iI;ition of all good men, unto 
 whom his ubiquity affhrdeth continual comfort and 
 security ; and this is the alflictinn of hell, to whom 
 it affordeth despair and remediless calamity. 
 
 Brown $ Vul<j;ar Errours. 
 
 3. To be able to sell. It is used always, 
 with reference to some certain price ; as, 
 / ran afford this for less than the other. 
 
 They fill their magazines, in times of tlie 
 greatest plenty ; that so they may aff'ord cheaper, 
 and increase the jjublic revenue, at a small ex- 
 pence of its members. Addison on Itali). 
 
 4. Tobeabletobear expences; as, traders 
 I can afford more finery in peace than war. 
 
 A F F 
 
 The same errours run through all families ; 
 where there is weahh enough to afford, that their 
 sons may be good for iiollilng. 
 
 Su-iJ't im Modem Education. 
 
 To AFFO'REST. v. a. [afforesiarc, Lat.] 
 To turn grotmd into forest. 
 
 It apl'eareth, by Charta de Foresta, that he 
 afforested many woods and wastes, to the grievance 
 of tae subject, which by that law were disafforest- 
 ed. Sir John Davies oji Ireland. 
 
 Afforesta'tion. w. s. [from afforest.] 
 
 The charter de Forc.tta was, to reform the en- 
 croachments made in the time of Richard I. and 
 Henru IL ; who had made new afforestatiom, and 
 mucli extended the rigour of the forest laws. 
 
 Hide's Common ImwoJ England. 
 
 To Affran'chise. v,a. [affrancher, Fr.] 
 
 To make free. 
 To AFFRA'Y. v. a. [effrayer, or effriger, 
 
 Fr.] which Me?iage derives from fr a g or ; 
 
 perhaps it comes from ffig^fs.] To 
 
 fright ; to terrify ; to strike with fear 
 
 This word is not now in use 
 
 The same to wight he never would disclose ; 
 But when as monsters huge he would dismay. 
 
 Or daunt unequal armies of his foes. 
 Or when the Hying heavens he would affraif. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Affra'y, or Affra'yment. 7/. s, [from 
 the verb.] 
 
 L A tumidtuous assault of one or more 
 persons upon others ; a law term. A 
 battle: in this sense it is written /rfly. 
 
 2. Tumult ; confusion : out of use. 
 
 Ijet the night be ealm and quietsomc, 
 AVithout tempestuous storms or sad ((///-a i/. Spenser. 
 
 Affri'ction. n, s, [affrietio, Lat.] 
 The act of rubbing one thing upon 
 another. 
 
 I have divers times observed, in wearing silvcr- 
 liilted swords, that, if they rubbed upon my 
 cloaths, if they were of a light-coloured cloth, tlie 
 affriction would quickly blacken lliem ; an<l, con- 
 gruously hereunto, I have found pens blacked 
 ahnost all over, when I had a while carried lliem 
 about me in a silver case. Boyle. 
 
 To Affri'ght. V. a. [See Fright.] 
 
 1 . To affect with fear ; to terrify. It gene- 
 rally implies a sudden impression of fear. 
 
 Thy name ajjrights me, in wlio^e sound is dcatli. 
 Shakep, Henru Yl. 
 Godlike his courage seem'd ; w hum nor delight 
 Could soften, nor the face of deatii affright. 
 
 Waller. 
 He, when his country (threat n'd with alarm) 
 Requires liis courage and his conq'ring arnt, 
 Shall more tliun unco the Funic bands afhight. 
 
 Drydcn's .Eneid. 
 
 2. It is used in the passive, sometimes with 
 at, before the thing feared. 
 
 Thou shalt not he affrighted at them ; for the 
 Lord thy God is among yo\i. Deut. vii. 21. 
 
 3. Sometimes with the particle zvith, be- 
 fore the thing feared. 
 
 As one affright 
 With hellish fiends, or furies mad uproar. 
 He then uprose. F'airy Queen, b. ii. cant. 5. 
 
 Affri'ght. ??. s. [from the verb.] 
 1 . Terrour ; feai\ This word is chiefly 
 poetical. 
 
 As the moon, cloathed with cloudy night. 
 Does shew to liim, that walks in fear and sad 
 affright. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Wide was his parish, not contracted close 
 In streets, but here and there a straggling house ; 
 Yet still he was at hand, without request, 
 To serve the sick, to succour the distress'd ; 
 Tempting, on foot, alone, without affright. 
 The dangers of a dark tempestaous niglit. 
 
 Vrydens Fables, 
 
 42
 
 A F F 
 
 S. The cause of fear; a terrible object; 
 dreadful appearance. 
 
 1 set- the gods 
 Utibraiil our siifl"rings, and wc.uld liunililc tlierii, 
 15y sending llicso ajfriglils, « liilc- wc ;irc liirc ; 
 That we nnglu laugli, al their ridiculous fear. 
 
 Ji. Jotu. Vatuliite. 
 Tlic war at hand appears wilh more iill'right, 
 Aiid rises ev'ry moment to tlie siylit. Uriid. j£neit\. 
 
 Affki'ghtf'ul. adj. [from cffiig/it.] 
 Fidl of aftiiglit or terrour; terrible; 
 
 dreadful. 
 
 There is an absence of all, that is destructive 
 or affriglilful to human na:urc. Demi/ ,f}'irlii. 
 Affri'ghtmeNT. ji. s. [from ajfrighl}. 
 
 1. The impression of fear ; terrour. 
 
 .She awaked, with tlie affrightmcnt of a dream. 
 
 IIortOTl, 
 
 Passionate words or blows, from the tutor, till 
 the child's mind wilh terrour and u//Wu7i(mra( ; 
 which iiuniediately takes it wholly up, and leaves 
 no room for other impression. Liickc. 
 
 2. Tlie state of fearfulness. 
 Whether those, that (under any anguish of 
 
 mind) return to ajlrigblmeitts or doubtin"s, ha\e 
 not been hvpocrites. Humniomi. 
 
 To AFFRO'NT. r. a. [affronter, Vr. that 
 is, ad frontem stare ; ad frontem con- 
 tumclium rillidire, to insult a man to his 
 face. 
 
 1 . To meet face to face ; to encounter 
 This seems the genuine and original 
 sense of the word ; which was formerly 
 indifferent to good or ill. 
 
 ^Ve have closely sent for Hamlet hither; 
 That he, as 'twere by accident, may here 
 Ajfront Ophelia. ,%ahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 The seditious, the next day, affronted the king's 
 forces at the entrance of a highway ; whom when 
 they found both ready and resolute to tio:ht, they 
 desired enterparlance. Sir John liaywarti. 
 
 2. To meet in an hostile manner, front to 
 front. 
 
 His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd. 
 And with their darkness durst affront his light. 
 
 ParadUe Lost. 
 
 3. To offer an open insult ; to offend 
 avowedly. With respect to this sense, 
 it is observed by Cervantes ; that, ' if 
 ' a man strike another on the back, and 
 ' then run away ; the person so struck is 
 ' injured, but not affronted; an affront 
 ' always implying a justification of the 
 ' act.' 
 
 Uid not this fatal war nff'ront thy coast ? 
 Vet sattest thou an idle looker-on. Fairfax, i. 51. 
 
 But harm precedes not sin; only our foe. 
 Tempting, affronts us, with his foul esteem 
 Of our integrity. Milton s Par. Lost, b. ix. 
 
 I would learn the cause, why Torrismond 
 (AVithin njy palace walls, within* my hearing. 
 Almost within my sight) affronts a prince, 
 Who shortly shallcommand him. Drii. .Span. Friar. 
 
 This brings to mind Faustina's fondness for the 
 gladiator, and is interpreted as satire : but how- 
 can one imagine, that the Fathers would have 
 dared to affront the \vife of .\urelius ? .iddison. 
 
 Affro'nt. h. s. [from the verb affiont.] 
 
 1. Open opposition ; encounter; a sense 
 not fretiuent, though regularly deduci- 
 ble from the derivation. 
 
 Fearless of danger, like a petty god 
 I walk'd about adijiir'd of ail, ai"id dreaded. 
 On hostile ground, none daring my affront. 
 
 damson Agouistts. 
 
 2 . Insult, offered to the face ; contemptu- 
 ous or rude treatment ; contumely. 
 
 He would often maintain Flantiainis, in doing 
 affronts to l)is 5011. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 A F L 
 
 ' You'vtMloneenouiili.foryou (icsignM m^- chains: 
 
 The grace is vai ishcd ; but the (///jwt(roiiiaiii>. 
 
 DrufUu's A n ytngzehe. 
 He, thiit is found reasonable in one thing, is con- 
 chuled to be so in all ; and, to think or say other- 
 wise, is thought so unjust an«/^rimt,and sosenM'K-ss 
 a censure, tliat nobody ventuifs to do it. Locke. 
 There is netliing, which we receive with so 
 much reluctance, as advice: wehtuk upon the iniui, 
 who gives it ns, as otleringan(i//ri»H( to ournuder- 
 standing, and treating nslike cliildn-n or ideols. 
 Addhon , Si)ectator , No. hV.1. 
 
 3. Outrage; act of contempt, in a more 
 general sense. 
 
 Oft have they violated 
 The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts. 
 Ai)()tninations rather. Milton a Pumdbie Regain d. 
 
 4. Disgrace ; shame. This sense is rather 
 peculiar to the Scottish dialect. 
 
 Antonius attacked the pirates of Crete ; and, 
 bvhis too great [)resuniption, was defeated ; upon 
 tlie sense of which affront, he died with grief. 
 
 Arhnthnvt on Co'tn.^. 
 
 Affro'nter. 71. s, [from affront. '\ The 
 
 person that affronts. 
 Affro'nting. participial adj, [from 
 
 iffnmt.] That, which has the quality 
 
 of afiVonling ; contumelious. 
 
 Among words, which signify tlie same princi- 
 pal ideas, some are clean and decent, otlu-rs un- 
 clean ; some are kind, others are affronting and 
 reproachful ; because of the secondary idea, which 
 custom has affixed to them. TTufls's Logick. 
 
 To AFFUSE. V. a. [affundo, affusnm, 
 Lat.] To pour one thing upon another. 
 
 I ])nured acid licjuors, to try if they conlained 
 any volatile salt or spirit ; which would probably 
 have discovered itself, by making an ebullition 
 with the affu^ed liquor. Boijtc. 
 
 Affu'sion. 71. s. [affusiOy Lat.] The act 
 of pouring one thing upon another. 
 
 Upon the uffnsivn of a tincture of galls, it inime- 
 diately became as black as ink. Grew^s Miisaum. 
 
 To Al'TY'. V, fl. [affier, Fr. affidare mu- 
 Uaem, Bracton.] To betroth, iii order 
 to marriage. 
 
 Wedded be thou to the hags of hell. 
 For daring to h//i/ a mighty lord. 
 Unto the daugliler of a worthless king. 
 
 Shakisp. /fr»r(/Vl. 
 
 To Affy'. v. n. To put confidence in ; to 
 put trust in ; to confide. Not in use. 
 
 Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy 
 In thy uprightness and integrity, 
 Tliat 1 will here dismiss my lovnig friends. 
 
 Shaiievp. Titus Andr. 
 Afi'eld. adv, [from a and field. See 
 Field,] To the field. 
 
 We drove ajidd ; and both together beard, 
 What time the grey tly winds her sultry horn ; 
 Batt'ning our tlocks, with the fresh dews of night. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Afield I went, amid the morning dew, 
 To milk niykine; for so should house" ives do. Gai/. 
 
 Aflat, odv. [from a and fiat. See 
 Flat.] Level with the ground. 
 
 AVhen you would have many new roots of fruit- 
 trees, take a low tree ; and bow il, and lay all his 
 branches ujlat upon tbe ground, and cast earth 
 u^ on lliem : and every twig will fake root. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 Aflo'at. adv, [from a and fioat. See 
 Float.] Floating ; borne up in the 
 Mater ; not sinking ; in a figurative 
 sense, within view; in motion. 
 
 There is a tiile, in the atrairs of men ; 
 Which, taken at ihe tlood, leails on to fortune ; 
 Omilted, all the voyage of their hfe 
 Is bound in shallows and in miseries : 
 On such a full sea, are we now ajioat ; 
 And A\e must lake the current «hen it serves. 
 Or lose our veutuics. Shakcsp. Julius Ca'sar. 
 
 A F O 
 
 Take any passion of the soul of man, while it is 
 
 f)red(jinina'iit and ajtoat ; and, just in the critical 
 leight of il, nick it with some "lucky or unlucky 
 word ; and you may as certainly over-rule it to 
 your own purpose, as a spark of fire, falling upon 
 gun;iowder, will infallibly blow it up- South. 
 
 There are generally several hundred loads of 
 timber ajioat : for they cut, above twenty-five 
 leagues up the river; and other rivers bring in 
 their contributions. AddiMn's Italy, 
 
 .^Fo'oT. adv. [from a and /oo<.] 
 I. On foot; not on horseback. 
 
 He thought it best, to return, for that day, to a 
 village not far oil'; and, dispatching his horse ia 
 some sort, tile ne,\t day early, to come utoat thither. 
 
 Sliakespeare. 
 •2. In action ; as, a design is afoot. 
 T pr'ythce, when thou seest that act qt'oot, 
 Ev'n with the very comment of tliy soul 
 Observe mine uncle. Shakesp. 
 
 3. In motion. 
 
 Of Albany's and Cornwall's pow'rs you beai"'.* 
 not. — 
 'Tis said, they arc afoot. Shakesp. King Lar. 
 
 .Afo're. prep, [from a and fore. Ser 
 Before.] 
 
 1. Not behind; as, he held the shielc 
 afore : not in use. 
 
 2. Before ; nearer in place to any thine • 
 as, he stood afore him. 
 
 3. Sooner in time. 
 
 If your diligence be not speedy, 1 shall be ihei. 
 afore > ou. Shakes}). King Lear. 
 
 Afo're. adi'. 
 
 1. in time foregone or past. 
 
 \Vhosocvcr should make bi;ht of any thingqfot ■ 
 spoken or written, out of his own honse a tr*.>i 
 should be taken, and he thereon be hanged. 
 
 Fsdras, vi. S9. 
 
 If he never drank wine nfore, it will go near to 
 remove his fit. Shaka^. Tempest. 
 
 2. First in the w.iy. 
 
 -■Emilia, run you to the citadel; 
 And tell my lord and lady, what hath hap'd : 
 Will you gii on nfore? Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 3. In front ; in the fore part. 
 Approaching nigh, he reared high afore 
 
 His body monstrous, horrible, and vast. Fairy 0. 
 
 .\fo'regoing. partieipial adj. [froi.- 
 afore and going.^ Going before. 
 
 .\fo'rehand. adv. [from afore an-' 
 hand.l 
 
 1. Bj' a previous provision. 
 
 i\Iany of the particular subjects of discourse 
 are occasional, and such as cannot oforehand be r* ■ 
 duced to any certain account. 
 
 Corcrnment of the Tongi"" 
 
 2. Provided; prepared; previously fitted. 
 For it will be said, that in the former times 
 
 whereof we have spoken, Spain was not so mighty 
 as now it is; and England, on the other sid- . 
 was more oforehand in ail mailers of power. 
 
 Bacons Considerations on 11 ar nitii Spain. 
 
 Afo'rementioned. adj. [from afoy 
 and mentioned.] Mentioned before. 
 
 .\mong the nine other parts, five are not in a 
 condition to give alms or relief to those aforemen- 
 tioned ; being very near reduced themselves, to the 
 same miserable condition. Addiion. 
 
 .\fo'renamkd. adj. [from afore and 
 •«<j/«(y/.] Named before. 
 
 Imitate something of circular form ; in which, 
 as in all other aforeiuimed proportions, you shall 
 help yourself by tlie diameter. 
 
 Peaeham on Drau-in^. 
 
 Afo'res.md. adj. [from afore and saitf.] 
 Said before. 
 
 It need not go for repetition, if we resume 
 a^'ain that, whicli we said in the aforesaid experi- 
 ment. Bacon's Kaf. hist. No. 771.
 
 A F T 
 
 Afo'eetime. adv, [from ff/brc and time.'] 
 In time past. 
 
 O thou, that art waxen old in wickedness ? Now 
 thv sinii, whifii thuu hast committed aforetime, 
 are come tu light. Susannah. 
 
 Afra'id. participial adj. [from the verb 
 affray: it should therefore properly be 
 written with^.] 
 
 J. Struck with fear ; terrified; fearful. 
 
 So persecute them with thy tempest, and make 
 tliem afraid with thy storm. Psalm Ixxxiii. 15. 
 
 2. It has the particle of, before the object 
 of fear. 
 
 There, loathing life, and yet o/' death afraid, 
 In anguish of her spirit thus she pray'd. 
 
 Dr'tidens Fabler. 
 
 U, while this wearied flesh draws fleeting breath, 
 Not satisfy'd with life, afraid of death, 
 It ha,'*Iv be thv will, that I should know 
 Glimpse of delight, or pause from anxious woe ; 
 From now, from instant now, great Sire, dispel 
 The clouds, that press my soul. Prior. 
 
 Afre'sh. adv. [from a and fresh. See 
 Fresh.] Anew; again, after inter- 
 mission. 
 
 The Germans, serving upon great horses, and 
 charged with heavy armour, received great hurt 
 by light skirmishes; the Turks, wiih their light 
 horse"', easily shunning their charge, and again 
 (at their pleasure) charging them afresh. When 
 tiiey saw tlie heavy horses almost weary. 
 
 Kiiolles's History of the Turks. 
 "When once we have attained these ideas, they 
 may be excited afresh by the use of words. 
 
 n'at(5*s Logtcli. 
 Afro'nt. adv, [from a and front.] In 
 front ; in direct opposition to the face. 
 
 These four came all afront, and mainly thrust 
 at me. Shakesp. Henry IV. p. i. 
 
 A'fter. prep, [ceipnyi, Sax.] 
 
 1. Following in place. After is commonly 
 applied to words of motion ; as, he came 
 offer, and stood behind him. It is 
 opposed to before. 
 
 \Vhat says Lord Warwick? Shall we after 
 ihcm"? — 
 •—After them ! nay, before them, if we can. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 2. In pursuit of. 
 
 Aftei- whom is the king of Israel come out? 
 JJier whom dost thou pursue ? After a dead dog, 
 after a flea, 1 Sam. xxiv. 14. 
 
 S. Behind. This is not a common use. 
 Sometimes I placed a third prisln after a second, 
 and sometimes also a fourth after a "third ; by all 
 which, the image might be often refracted side- 
 ways. NeictoJis OpticliS. 
 
 4. Posterior in time. 
 
 Good afler ill, and after pain delight ; 
 Alteinate, like the scenes of day ana night. 
 
 Drpden's Fables. 
 
 We shall examine tbe ways of conveyance of 
 the sovereignty of Adam to princes, that were to 
 reign after hini. Locke. 
 
 5. According to. 
 
 He, that ihinketh Spain our over-match, is no 
 good mint-man ; but takes greatness of kingdoms, 
 according to bulk aud currency, and not after 
 their intrinsic value. Bacon. 
 
 6. In imitation of, 
 
 There are among the old Roman statues, se- 
 veral of Venus, in clitferent postures and habits ; 
 as there are many particular figures of her, made 
 after the same design. Addison s Italy. 
 
 Tills allusion is after the oriental manner : thus, 
 in the Psalms, how frequently are persons com- 
 pared to cedars. Pope's Odyssey, notes. 
 
 A'fter. adv. 
 
 1. In succeeding time. It is used of time, 
 mentioned as succeeding some other. So 
 we cannot say, * I shall be happy after, 
 
 AFT 
 
 * but hereafter;' but we say, 'I was 
 ' first made miserable by the loss, but 
 
 * was after happier.' 
 
 I'arbe it from me, to justify tlie cruelties, which 
 were at first used towards thera, whicli had their 
 reward soon «/i:er. Bacon. 
 
 Those, who (from the pit of hell, 
 R')aming to seek their prey on earth) durst fix 
 Their seats long after, next the seat of God. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 2, Following another. 
 
 Let go thy hold, when a great wheel runs 
 down a hill ; lest it break thy iWk, with follow- 
 ing it; but the great nue, that goes u|iward, let 
 him draw thee after. Shake.-ip. King Lear. 
 
 After is compounded with many words, 
 but almost always in its genuine and 
 primitive sia:iiification ; some, which 
 occurred, will follow, by which others 
 may be explained. 
 A'fteR-ACCEPTATIon. n. s. [from after 
 and acceptation,] A sense afterwai'ds, 
 not at first admitted. 
 
 'Tis true, some doctors in a scantier space, 
 I mean in each apart, contract the I'lace : 
 Some, who to greater length extend the line, 
 The church's after-accevtation join. 
 
 Dryden's Hind and Paiithcr. 
 A'fter-AGES. n. s, [from after and ages.] 
 Successive times; posterity. Of this 
 word I have found no singidar ; l^ut 
 see not, why it might not be said. This 
 will be done in some after-age. 
 
 Not the whole land, which the Chusites should 
 or might, in future time, conquer ; seeing, in af- 
 ter-ages, tliey became lords of many nations. 
 
 Raleigh's History if the World. 
 Nor to philosophers is praise deny'd, 
 Whose wise instructions after-ages guide. 
 
 Sir J. Denham. 
 
 ^ATiat an opinion will after-ages entertain, of 
 
 their religion ; wlio bid fair for a gibbet, to bring 
 
 in a superstition, which their fore-fathers perished 
 
 in flames to keep out. Addison. 
 
 A'fter-ale. When all has been taken 
 into the view ; when there remains noth- 
 ing more to be added; at last ; in fine ; 
 in conclusion; upon the whole; at the 
 most. 
 
 They have given no good proof, in asserting 
 this extravagant princijile ; for which (after-all) 
 they have no ground or colour, but a passage or 
 two of scripture, miserably perverted, in opposition 
 to many express texts. Atterbury s Sermons. 
 
 But after-all, if they have any merit, it is to 
 be attributed to some good old au hors, whose 
 works I study. ^ Pope on Pastoral Poetry. 
 
 A'fter birth. 7i. s, [from after and 
 birth] The membrane, in which the 
 birth was in\olved, whicli is brought 
 away after ; the secundine. 
 
 The exorbitances or degenerations, whether 
 from a hurt in labour, or from part of the aiter- 
 birth left behind, produce such virulent distempers 
 of the blood, as make it cast out a tumour. 
 
 Tl'7se;/w;i'5 Surgery. 
 A'fter-CLAP. n. s. [from afttr and clap.] 
 Unexpected events, happening after an 
 affair is supposed to be at an end. 
 
 For the next morrow's mead thej' closely went. 
 For fear of after-claps to prevent. 
 
 Spens. Hub. Tale. 
 
 It is commonly taken in an ill sense. 
 A'fter-cost, n. s. [from after and cost.] 
 The latter charges ; the t.xpense, in- 
 curred after the original plan is exe- 
 cuted. 
 
 You must take care to cany off the land-floods 
 and streams, before you attempt draining ; lest 
 
 A F T 
 
 vour tiftcr-cost and labunr prove unjuccessful. 
 
 Mortimer s Hn^buiiilnj. 
 
 A'ftercrop. n. s. [fi-om nfltr and crop.] 
 
 Tlie second crop or harxesjt of the same 
 
 year. 
 
 Ajh-r-crops I think neither good for the land, 
 nor jot the hay good f.jr the ralile. 
 
 Mortiritcrs Hiishandrtj. 
 
 A'fTER-DINNER. 71. s. [from after and 
 
 rfi'n/icj-.] Tlie hour passinor just after 
 
 dinner, which is generally allowed to 
 
 indulgence and amusement. 
 
 Thou hast nor youth nor age. 
 But (as it were) an after-rlimier's sleep, 
 Dreaming on boll), iihakesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 A'fter-endeavour. n. s. [from affiT 
 and iiidcavoiir.] Endeavours, made 
 after the first effort or endeavour. 
 
 'lliere is no reason why the sound of a pipe 
 s_hould leave traces in theii- brains ; wliich, not at 
 first, hut by their after-endeavours, should produce 
 the like sounds. }.*^cke. 
 
 A'fter-ENQUIRY. n. s. [froiTi nfltr and 
 enquiry. 1 Enquiry, made after the fact 
 committed, or after life. 
 
 \ ou must either be directed by sonic, that lake 
 upon them to know ; or take up'on your.self that, 
 which ( I am sure) you do not know' ; or lump the 
 after-cnqnirii, on your peril. Shaktsp. Cymbctiiie. 
 
 To A'fter-EYE. v. a. [from after and 
 eye.] To keep one in view; to follow 
 in view. This is not in use. 
 
 Thou shouldst have made him, 
 As little as a crow, or less ; ere left 
 To after-eye him. Sliah'sj). Ciimbeline. 
 
 A'fter-game. n. s. [from afler and 
 game.] The scheme, which ir.ay be 
 laid; or the expedients, which are prac- 
 tised, after the original design has mis- 
 carried ; methods, taken after the liist 
 turn of affairs. 
 
 This earl, like certain vegetables, did bud and 
 ojien slowly ; nature sometimes delighting to jilav 
 an after-game, as well as fortune; which lia'd 
 (bnih) their turns and tides, in comse. U'ottim. 
 
 'I'he fables of the axe-handle and the wedije 
 serve to precaution us, not to put ourselves need- 
 lessly ujjon an after-game j but to weigh before- 
 hand, what we say aud do. L'Estrange's Fables. 
 
 Our first design, my friend, has prov'd abortive ; 
 Still there remams ail aficr-game to play. 
 
 AddUi'-u^sCato. 
 A'fter-hours. n. s. [from after and 
 hours.] The hours, that succeed. 
 
 So smile the heav'ns upon this holy act. 
 That after-hours with sorrow chide us not. 
 
 Shukesp. Romeo aud Juliet. 
 
 A'fter liver, n. s. [from after and 
 
 lire.] He, that lives in succeeding times. 
 
 By tliee my promise sent 
 Unto myself, let iit'ter-lirers know. Sidney, b. u. 
 
 A'fter-uOve. n. .1. [from after and love.] 
 
 The second or later love. 
 
 Intended, or committed, was this fault? 
 If but the first, how heinous e'er it be ; 
 To win thy after-love, 1 pardon thee. 
 
 Sbakesp. mclard II. 
 
 A'fteRMATH. n. s. [from after and math, 
 from mow.] The latter math ; the se- 
 cond crop of grass, mown in autumn. 
 See Aftercrop. 
 
 .\'FrERNOON. n. s. [from after and 
 noon.] The time, from the meridian to 
 to the evening. 
 
 A beauty-waining and distressed widow, 
 Ev'n in the afternoon of her best days, 
 Made prize and purchase of his wanton eye. 
 
 Shukesp. Richard III. 
 
 44,
 
 AFT 
 
 However, keep the lively taste vou hold 
 Of Old ; airl luve him now, hut U-ai liini more : 
 
 And hi vtiur ntieyuoons think, what vuu tuld 
 And prouus'd hlni si luorning-praNtr bcfure. 
 
 Donne. 
 Such, all the morning, to the pUadings run ; 
 But, when the bus'ness of (he da^ is done, 
 On dice, and drink, and drahs, tliev spend the aj- 
 tenukm. Uryden'i I'cisius, Sat. i. 
 
 A'fTFRPAlNS. «. s. [from dftcr and 
 yi/in.] 
 
 The pains after birth, bj' which women 
 are delivered of the secundine. 
 ArrEKPART. 71. s. [from a/Ver and /7ar/.] 
 The latter part. 
 
 The flevibleness of the former part of a man]s 
 age, not vet thrown up to be headstrong, makes it 
 more governable and safe ; and, in the afterparl, 
 reason and foresight begin a liule to take place, 
 and mind a man u( his safety and improvement. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 A'fterproof. n. s. [from after and 
 proof.] 
 
 1. E^idence, posterior to the thing in 
 question. 
 
 2. Qualities, known by subsequent expe- 
 rience. 
 
 All know, that he likewise at first was much 
 under the expectation of his aftet'prwfj such a 
 solar influence there is, in the sofar aspect. ^Votton. 
 
 Aftertaste, ti. s. [from afttr and taste.] 
 A tasle, remaining upon the tongue 
 after the draught, which was not per- 
 ceived in the act of drinking. 
 
 A'fterthough T. 71. s. [from after and 
 thought.] Reflections after the act; ex- 
 pedients, formed too late. It is not pro- 
 perly to be used for seco/idthoiight. 
 Expcnce, and ajhrthonght, and idle care, 
 Aud doubts of motley hue, and dark despair j 
 Suspicions, and fantastical surmise ; 
 And jeaiijusy , sulius d with jaundice in her eyes. 
 Discolouring all she vicw'd, in tawny dress'd," 
 Uovvnlook'd, and wiih a cuckow ori her fist. 
 -• . Dritden^s Fables. 
 
 A'FTERTIMEsi 71. s. [from affet'ami time.] 
 Succeeding times. See After.\ges. 
 
 You promis'd once a progeny divine 
 Of Romans, rising from the Trojan line, 
 In qfiertimes should hold the world in awe, 
 And to the land and ocean give the law. 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 Aftertossing. n. s. [from after and 
 toss.] The motion of the sea after 
 a storm. 
 
 Confusions and tumults arc only the impotent 
 remains of an unnatural rebellion; and are no 
 more than the ajiertossings of a sea, when the 
 storm is laid. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 A'fterward. adv. [from after and 
 peapb. Sax.] In succeeding time : some- 
 times written afterwards, but less pro- 
 perl}-. 
 
 Uses, not thought upon before, may afteru'ard 
 spnng up ; and be reasonable causes of retaining 
 that, which former considerations did formerly 
 procurc to be instituted. Hooka-. 
 
 An anxious distrust of the divine goodness 
 makes a man more and more unworthy of it , and 
 miserable beforehand, for fear of belna so utter- 
 v:ard. L'Estrange. 
 
 A'fterwit. n. s. [from after and icit.] 
 Tiie contrivance of expedients, aiter 
 the occiision of using them is past. See 
 Afterthought. 
 
 There is no recalling, what's gone and past ; so 
 that ajterwit coiuOs too late, when tltc mischief is 
 done. L'Estrange. 
 
 A G A 
 
 .VfteRWRATH. n. s. [from after and 
 wrath.] Anger, when the provocation 
 
 seems past. 
 
 1 hear him mock 
 The luck of Caesar ; w hich the gods give men, 
 T' excuse their aftrr-urath. 
 
 Shakesp. Ant. and Clenp. 
 
 AG A. n. s. The title of a Turkish mili- 
 tary officer. 
 .\ga'in. adv. [ajen. Sax.] 
 
 1. A second time; once more: marking 
 tlie repetition of the same tiling. 
 
 The ))oor remnant of human seed, which re- 
 mained in their mountains, peopled their country 
 again slowly, by little and little. 
 
 Bacons Xew Atalantis. 
 
 Should Nature's self invade the world again. 
 And o'er the centre spread the liquid main ; 
 Thy pow'r were safe. IValier. 
 
 (jo now, deluded man! And seek again 
 New toils, new dangers, on the dustv plain. 
 
 lJn/(/. .-Eneid. 
 
 Some are already retired into foreign c<juntries ; 
 and the rest, who "possess lands, are determined 
 never to hazard them again, for the sake of estab- 
 lishing their superstition. Swift. 
 
 2. On the other hand : marking some op- 
 position or contrariety. 
 
 His wit increased upon tlie occasion ; and so 
 mucli the more, if the occasion were sharpened 
 with danser. Again, whether it were the shortness 
 of his foresight, or the strength of his will ; certain 
 it is, that the perpetual trouble of his fortunes 
 could not have been without defects in his nature. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Those things, that we know not, what to do 
 witlial, if we had them ; and those things again, 
 which another cannot part with, but to his own 
 loss and shame. L'Estrange's Fables. 
 
 3. On another part: marking a transition 
 to some new consideration. 
 
 Behold yon mountain's hoary height, 
 IMade hiizlier with new mounts 'of snow ; 
 
 .4gnin, bfjiold the winter's weight. 
 Oppress the'lab'ring woods below. Drydcn. 
 
 4. Ill return: noting re-action, or reci pro 
 cal action ; as, ' his fortune worked 
 ' upon his nature, and his nature again 
 ' upon his fortune.' 
 
 .5. Back : in restitution. 
 
 ^'\'he^ vour head did but ake, 
 I knit mv handkerchief about your brow s. 
 The best'I had ; a princess wrought it me ; 
 And 1 did never ask it you again. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 G. In return for any thing; in recom- 
 pence. 
 That he hath given, w ill he pay again. 
 
 Frtiv. six. 27. 
 
 7. In order of rank or succession ; mark- 
 ing distribution. 
 
 Question was asked of Demosthenes, "What was 
 the chief part of an orator ? He answered, .\ction : 
 What next? .Action: What next, ogaiu .■'_ .\ction. 
 
 Bacons Essays. 
 
 The cause of the holding green, is the close and 
 compact substance of theirleaves, and the pedicles 
 of them ; and the cause of that again is, either the 
 tough and viscous juice of the plant, or the 
 strength and heat thereof. Bacon's j\'a(. Hist. 
 
 8. Besides; in any other time or place. 
 
 They have the Walloons, who are tall soldiers ; 
 vet, that is but a spot of ground : but, on the 
 other side, there is not in the world again such a 
 sjirins and seminary of brave military peojtle ; as 
 in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Bacon. 
 
 0. Twice as much : marking the same 
 quantity once repeated. 
 
 There are, whoinheav'n has blest with store of 
 wit ; 
 
 Yet waiit lis much again, to manage it : 
 
 A G A 
 
 For wit and judgment ever are at strife, 
 
 1 h' njcani each other's aid, like man and wife. 
 
 I'ope. 
 1 should not be sorry , to see a chorus on a tiic-auc, 
 more than as large anil as deep again as ours, built 
 a.id adorn'd at a king's charges. 
 
 Dryden't Dufremoy. 
 
 1 0. AgaiTi and again ; with frequent re- 
 petition : often. 
 
 This is not to be obtained, by one or two liasly 
 readini;s: it ntust be repeated a^aiHai«in^ai«,witU 
 a close attention to the tenour of liie discourse. 
 
 Lucke. 
 
 11. In opposition; by •way of resist- 
 ance. 
 
 \Vho art thou, that answerest again ? 
 
 Kom. ix. 20. 
 
 1 2. Back ; as, returning from some mes- 
 sage. 
 
 Bring us word again, which way we shall eo. v 
 '' * De«t.i. 92. 
 
 kGA'msT. prep, [aenjeon, onjeonb. Sax.] 
 
 1. In opposition to any person. 
 
 And he will be a w ild man : his hand will be 
 against every man, and every man's hand against 
 him. Oen. xvi. 1'.'. 
 
 2. Contrary; opposite, in general. 
 
 That authority of men should prevail with incn 
 either against or above reason, is no part of our 
 belief. nnoktr. 
 
 He is melancholy without cause, and merry 
 actainst the hair. ^Shakt'sp. Trailns and Cressitla. 
 
 AVc might work any effect, without and against 
 matter; and this not holpeu, by ihe co-operation 
 of angels or spirits ; but, only hv the unity and 
 harmony of nature. ' liacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 Tlie preventin.; goodness of G.'d does even 
 wrest him from himself, and save him (as it were) 
 G^ai/i^t his will. Sontli. 
 
 The "od, uneasy till he slept again, 
 Resolv d. at once to rid himself of pain ; 
 .•Vnd, thro' against his custom call'd aloud. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 ilen often say, a thing 'nagainsl tlieir conscience, 
 when really it is not. Sa-ip's Afisoc/. 
 
 3. In contradiction to any opinion. 
 
 After all, that can be said against a thine, this 
 will still be true ; that many things possibly are, 
 which we know not of; and that many mure 
 things niav be, than are : and if sov after all our ar- 
 tuments against a thing, it will be uncertaiii. whe- 
 ther it be or not. TiUotson. 
 
 The church-clergy have written the best col- 
 lection of tracts agiinst jiopery, that ever appeared 
 in England. Su-iJ't. 
 
 i. With contrary motion or tendency : 
 used of material action. 
 
 Boils and pl.igues 
 Plaisier you o'er, that one infect anothei 
 Against the wind a mile. Skak&p. CorioL 
 
 The kite, being a bird of prey, and therefore 
 hot. delighteth in the fresh air; and many times 
 flieth against the wind, as trouts and salmons swim 
 against the stream. Bacon. 
 
 5. Contrary to rule or law. 
 
 If aught against my life 
 Thy country sought of thee, it sought unjustly. 
 ^lg,"iiHS( the law of nature, law of naUoi.s." 
 
 Milton. 
 .Igainst the public sanctions of the peace. 
 Agonist all omens of their ill success ; 
 \\ iih fates averse, tlte rout in arms resort. 
 To force their monarch, and insult the court. 
 
 Dryden, 
 G. Opposite to, in place. 
 
 Against the Tiber's mouth, but far away. 
 
 " Dryden, 
 
 7. To the hurt of another. See sense 5. 
 
 And, when thou think'st of her eternity, 
 Think not that death agaijist her naiure is ; 
 
 Think it a birth : and, when thou go'st to die. 
 Sing like a swau, as if tliou wcnt'st lo bliss. 
 
 Sir J. Daiia 
 
 ^. In provision for ; in expectation of. 
 
 4j
 
 A Ci A 
 
 This mode of s])c;iUini; probably had 
 its original from the idea of making 
 provision against, or in opposition to, a 
 time of niisfortnne; but by degrees 
 acquired a neutral sense. It sometimes 
 has the case elliptic-ally suppressed ; as. 
 against he comes ; that is, against t/u 
 time, when he comes. 
 
 Thence she them broiii^ht intii n sl.Tkly hall, 
 ^Vhe^eill were mauy tallies fair dis|jrc(i, 
 And ready dighlwilh drnpets feslival, 
 Against the viands sliouid be Iuini^tlod. 
 
 J-'uiry Queen. 
 The like charge was given them uniiiKt the 
 time, they should come to settle themselves in the 
 land promised unto their fathers. /Ato/ar. 
 
 Some say, that ever, 'gainst that season comes, 
 Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, 
 The bird of dawning singeth all night long ; 
 And then they say, no spirit walks abro^i.i ; 
 The nights are wholesome; llien nu pi. niels strike; 
 No fairy tales, no witch hath power to charm ; 
 So hallow'd and so gracious is the time. 
 
 Shukeaj). Hamlet. 
 
 To that purpose, he made ha.ste to linstol ; that 
 
 all things might be ready, against llie pihiee eaiiie 
 
 thither. _ Clureiulan. 
 
 Against the promis'd time provides with cure, 
 Alia hastens in the woof tlie robes he was to wear. 
 
 Drqden. 
 
 All which, I grant to be reasonably and truly 
 
 said ; and only desire, they may be remeinhered 
 
 against another day. Sliltingjwet. 
 
 A'galaxy. n. s. [from a and yaAa, Gr.] 
 Want of milk. Llict. 
 
 Ag.Vpe, adv. [from a and gape.] Star- 
 ing -with eagerness ; as, a bird gapes for 
 meat. 
 
 In himself was all his state; 
 ]\Iore solemn than the tedious pomp, that waits 
 On princes ; when their rich retinue long, 
 Of horses led, and grooms besmear'd with gold, 
 Dazzles the crowd, and sets them all agape. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 Dazzle the crowd, and set them all agape. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 Tlie whole crowd stood agape, and ready to 
 
 take the doctor at his word. Spectatnr, No. ST^J. 
 
 A'garick. n. s. [agaricum, Lat.] A drug, 
 of use in physic, and the dying trade. 
 It is divided, into male and female ; the 
 male is used only in dying, tlie female 
 in medicine; the male grows on oaks, 
 the female on larches. 
 
 Tiiert arc two excrescences, which grow upon 
 trees ; both of them, in the nature of mushrooms ; 
 the otie, the Romans call Iwletiis ; which growcth 
 upon the roots of oaks, and was ttie of the dainties 
 of their talile : tlie other is medicinal, that is 
 called agariek, which growetb upon the tops of 
 oaks : though it be athrmed by some, that it 
 groweth aiso at the roots. Bacon. 
 
 Aga'st. Gflj. [This word, v.'hicli is usu- 
 ally by later authors written aghast, is 
 not improbably the true woid, detived 
 from agaze; «hich lias been written 
 aghast, from a mistaken etymology. See 
 Aghast.] Struck with terrour ; amaz- 
 ed; frighted to astonislmnent. 
 
 Thus roving on, 
 In confus'd march forlorn, th' advent'rnus bauds 
 (\\ ith shudd'ring horrour pale, and eyes a^ni.st) 
 View'd first their lamenlable lot; and found 
 ISo rest. MiUmi's Par. Lost. 
 
 Agate, n. s. [agate, Fr. achates, Lat.] 
 A precious stone of the lowest class, often 
 clouded with beautiful variegations. 
 
 In shajje no bigger, than an agate stone 
 Oil the forefinger of an alderman. 
 
 Shakesp. Rom. and Jul. 
 
 AGE 
 
 Agates are only varieties of the flint kind : tlicy 
 Iia\f a i^n'y Iimny protiiul, chmdcci, lineated, or 
 s))ottctl wit lid iti'erc-ntC(ilours,cliieliy dusky, black, 
 bro»n, red, and soinettnies blue. II ixxluard. 
 
 A'gaty. adj, [from agate.] Partaking 
 of the nature of aijate. 
 
 An iigattf Hint was above two inches in diame- 
 ter ; the whole covered over, with a i'riablu creta- 
 ceous crust. Woodward. 
 
 To Aga'ze. v. a, [from n and gaze, to 
 set a gazing ; as, amaze, ami/se, and 
 others.] To strike with amazement; to 
 sluplfy with sudden teiTour. The verb 
 is now out of use. 
 
 So as they travell'd, so they 'gan espy 
 An armed kaii^ht toward tlieni mdiop fast ; 
 
 Tliat seemed from sonic feared foe to fly. 
 Or other grisly tiling that him agast. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Aga'zed. participial adj. [from ^/^y/;:(' ; 
 
 which see.] Struck with amazement ; 
 terrified to stupidity. 
 Hundreds he sent to hell ; and none durst stand 
 him : 
 Here, tliere, and every wliere, enrai^'d lie flew : 
 The French exclaiiu'd, ' The devil was in arms!" 
 All the whole army stood agazvd on him. 
 
 Shahcn)). Hcnru VI. 
 
 AGE. w. X. [agCy Fr. anciently eagf, or 
 aage: it is deduced by Menage, from 
 cetatiam, of aias ; by Junius, from aa, 
 which (in the Teutonic dialects) sii^nified 
 long duration.] 
 1 An}^ period of time, attributed to some 
 thing, as the whole or part of its dura- 
 tion : in this sense, we say, the age of 
 man, the several ages of the world, the 
 golden or iron age^ 
 
 One man in his time plays many parts, 
 His life being seven rt^w. Shnheftp. 
 
 And Jacob lived in llie land of Eeypt, seventeen 
 years: so the whole age of Jacob was an hundred 
 forty and seven years. Genesis, xlvii. '28. 
 
 2. A succession or generation of men. 
 Hence lastly spriniis care of posterities ; 
 
 For things, their kincl v/nuld everlasting make : 
 
 Hence is it, that old men do olant young trees. 
 The fruit whereof another age snail take. 
 
 Sir J. Davies. 
 Next to the Son, 
 Destin'd "Restorer of mankind, by whom 
 New hcav'n and earth shall to the ages ri.*e, 
 Or down from heav'n descend. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 No declining age 
 E'er felt the raptures of poetic rage. Boscommon. 
 
 3. The time, in which any particular man, 
 or race of men lived, or shall live ; as, 
 tlie as^e of heroes. 
 
 No lonaer now llie golden age appears, 
 When patriarch wits surviv'd a thousand years. 
 
 • Pope. 
 
 4. The space of a hundred years; a secu 
 lar period ; a century. 
 
 5. The latter part of life; old age; okl- 
 ness. 
 
 You see, how full of change his age is; the ob- 
 servation we hav, made of it, hath n()t been littl : 
 lie always loved our sister most ; and, with what 
 poor judgment, he hath now cast her olV! 
 
 .Shake.'^p. King Lear. 
 
 Boys must not have th' ambitious care of men ; 
 Kor men, tl:e weak au.xieties of o^c. Poscomnton. 
 
 And on this forehead( where, your verse has said, 
 Tlie loves dclighled, and the graces play'd) 
 Insulting age will trace his cruel w'ay, 
 And leave sad niariis of his destructive sway. 
 
 'Prior. 
 
 6. Maturity ; ripeness ; years of discre- 
 tion ; full strength of life. 
 
 A solemn admission of proselytes; all, that 
 either, being of age, desire that adiuissiou for 
 
 AGE 
 
 themselves ; or tliat, in infancy, are hj otheis pre- 
 sented to that charily of the church. Hanvnona. 
 
 We thouglit our sires, not witli their own con- 
 tent, 
 Had (ere we came to age) our portion spent. 
 
 Dry den. 
 7. In laAv. 
 
 In a man, the age of fourteen years is tlie age oi 
 discretion ; and twenly-onc years is the full age. 
 In a woman, at seven years of agt, the lord iier 
 father may distrain his tenants for aid to marry 
 her at tlie (f^e of nine years, she is duwable ; at 
 twelve years, she is able tinally to ratify iiwd con- 
 firm her fiiriucr cnnsent given to inalrimnjiv ; at 
 fourteen, she is enabled, To receive her linul into 
 her own liands ; and shall he out of ward, at tlu? 
 death of her ancestor ; at sixteen, she shall be out 
 of ward ; thdUiih, at the death of her ancestor, she 
 was within the age of fourteen _>ears : at twenty- 
 one, she is able t" alienate her lands and teue- 
 menls. At the age of fourteen, a stripling is 
 enableil to choose his own guardian ; at llie age 
 of fourteen, a man may consent to marriage. 
 
 Cojvell. 
 A'ged. adj. [from age. It makes two 
 syllables in poetry.] 
 
 1. Old; stricken in years : applied gene- 
 rally, to animate beings. 
 
 If ihe comparison do stand between man and 
 man, the aged (fur the most part) are best experi- 
 enced, least subject to rash and unadvised pas- 
 sions. Hooker, 
 
 Novelty is (nilv in request : and it is as danger- 
 ous, to be aged \\\ any kind of courjre ; as it is 
 virtuous, to be constant in any undertaking. 
 
 Shakc.-^p. Measure for Measure. 
 
 Kindness itself too weak a charm will prove, 
 To raise the feeble iires of aged love. Prior. 
 
 2. Old ; applied to inanimate things. 
 This use is rare, and commonly with 
 some tendency to the prosopopoeia. 
 
 The people did not more worship the images of 
 gold and ivory, than they did the groves : and the 
 same, Quintiliau saith, of the aged oaks. 
 
 Stillingjieet's Defence of Vise, on Pom. IdoL 
 A'gedly. adv. [from oged.] After the 
 
 manner of an aged person. 
 Age'n. adiK [agen. Sax.] Again; in 
 return. See Again. 
 
 This word is now only written in this 
 manner (though it be in reality the true 
 orthography) for the sake of rhime. 
 
 Thus Venus ; Thus her son reply'd ageri ; 
 None of your sisters have we heara or seen. 
 
 Drydert. 
 A'gency. 11. s. [from agent.'] 
 
 1. The quality otacting; the stateof being 
 in action ; action. 
 
 A few advances there are in the following pa- 
 pers, tendinis to assert tlie superintendence and 
 agency of Providence in the natural world. 
 
 M'oodu'ard's Preface to Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. The office of an iigent or fiietor for 
 another; business performed by an 
 agent. 
 
 Some of the purchasers themselves may be con- 
 tent to live cheap in a worse country, rather than 
 be at the charge of exchange and ageticies. Suift. 
 
 A'GENT. adj. [agcus, Lat.] That, which 
 acts; opposed io patient, or that which 
 is acted upon. 
 
 This success is oft' truly ascribed, nnto the 
 force of imagination upon* the body agent ; and 
 then, by a secondary means, it may upon a diverse 
 body ; as, for example ; if a man carry a ring, or 
 S(mie part of a beast, i)elieving strongly that itwill 
 help him to obtain his love ; it may make him more 
 industrious, and again more conti*dent and persist- 
 ing, than otiierwise be would be. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 A'gent. ?i. s. 
 
 1. An actor; he, that acts; he, that pos- 
 sesses the faculty of action, 
 
 4^
 
 AGO 
 
 Where lliere is no doubt, deliberation is not 
 excluded, as impertinent unto the tiling; but as 
 needless in rei;;ard of tbc agent, wliicli scelli al- 
 ready what to resolve upon. Hooker. 
 
 To wiujni, nor a^ent, from the instrument ; 
 Nor pow'r of working from the work is known. 
 
 Da vies. 
 
 Heav'n made us agents, free to good or ill ; 
 And forc'd it not, tbo' lie foresaw the will : 
 Freedom was first bestow'd on lunnan race, 
 And prescience only held the second place. Dri/r/. 
 
 A miracle is a work, exceeding the power of any 
 created agent, consequently being an eflect of the 
 divine onmipolence South^s Sermons. 
 
 2. A substitute; a deputy; a flictor; a 
 person, employed to transact the busi- 
 ness of another. 
 
 —All hearts in love, use your own tongues ; 
 Let every eye negociate for itself, 
 Ai>H trust no agent. iShakesp. 
 
 They had not the wit, to send to them (in any 
 orderly fashion) an-e»fs or chosen men, to temjJt 
 them, and to treat with them. Bacon's Heavy Vil. 
 
 Remember, Sir, your fury of a wife ; 
 Who, nnt content to be reveng'd on you. 
 The a^cn(5 of vourpassionwill pursue. Drij. Anreng. 
 
 3. That, which has tJie power of operat- 
 ing, or producing effects, upon another 
 thing. 
 
 They produced wonderful effects, by the pro- 
 per application of agnits to patients. * Temple. 
 
 Aggela'tion. n. s. [Lat. gelu.] Con- 
 cretion of ice. 
 
 It is round in hail, aiid figured in its gultnlous 
 descent from the air ; growing greater or lesser, 
 according to the accretion or |)ruvious aggelation 
 about the fundamental atoms thereof. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Aggenera'tion. w. s. [from ad and 
 generation Lat.] The state of growing 
 or uniting to another body. 
 
 To make a perfect nutrition, there is required 
 a transmutation of nutriment: now, wliere this 
 conversion or agge/ieration is made, there is also 
 required, in the aliment, a similarity of matter. 
 
 Brotrn's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 [from agger, Lat.] 
 Diet. 
 
 To A'ggerate. t\ 
 
 To heap up. 
 Aggero'se. adj\ 
 
 Full of heaps. 
 
 [ft 
 
 rom ago;er. 
 
 Lat.] 
 Diet. 
 
 To AGGLOMERATE, v. a. [as;!rlomeru, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To gather up in a ball, as thread. 
 
 2. To gather together. 
 To Agglo'merate. v. n. 
 
 Besides, tlie hard agslf^ff^^ratin^ salts, 
 Thespoil of ajes, would impervious choke 
 Their secret ctianuels. Thomsou's Antuiim. 
 
 Agglu'tinants. n. s. [from agglud- 
 nate.] Those medicines or applications, 
 which have the power of uniting parts 
 together. 
 
 To AGGLUTINATE, v. n. [from ad and 
 gluten, glue, Lat.] To unite one part 
 to another ; to join together, so as not 
 to fiill asunder. It is a word, almost 
 appropriated to medicine. 
 
 The body has got room euouph, to £;row into 
 its full dimensions ; whicli is performed, by the 
 daily ingestion of food, tliat is digested into blood ; 
 wliich, being difTused through the body, is agglu- 
 tinated to those parts, that were immediately ugglu- 
 thiattd to the foundation parts .if ilie womb. 
 
 Harveii on Constanplions. 
 
 Aggluti74a'tion. 71. s. [from agghtti- 
 nale.] Union; cohesion; the act of 
 agglutinating; the state of being ag- 
 glutinated. 
 The occaoiou of its not healing bv agglutination, 
 
 A G G 
 
 as the other did, was from the alteration tlic ichor 
 had begun to make in the butloni of the wound. 
 
 Wiseman s Surgery. 
 Agglu'tinative. aflj\ [from aggluti- 
 fiateJ] Tliat, which has the power of 
 prociu'ing agglutination. 
 
 Rowl up the member, with the agghttinatirc 
 rowler. H'i.seman. 
 
 To AGGRANDI'ZE. v. a, \aggrandisa\ 
 Fr.] Tb make great ; to enlarge ; to 
 exalt; to improve in power, honour, or 
 rank. It is applied to persons gene- 
 rally, sometimes to things. 
 
 If the king should use it no better, than the pope 
 did, only totiggraHf/ise covetous churchmen; it can- 
 not be called a jewel in his crown. Ayliffe's Parerg. 
 
 These furnibh us, with glorious springs and nw- 
 diurns ; to raise and aggrandize our conceptions, lo 
 warm our souls, to awaken the better passions; and 
 to elevate them, even to a divine pitch, ami that 
 for devotional purposes. Itutfs's Jmpr. ofihe 'Slind. 
 
 Aggrandizement, n. s, [aggratidrnt- 
 7)U'nt, Fr.] The state of being aggran- 
 dized ; the act of aggrandizing. 
 
 A'ggrandizer. w. s. [from aggra?idizf:] 
 The person, that aggrandizes or makes 
 great another. 
 
 To Aggra'te. v. fl. [aggratarty Ital.] 
 To please ; to treat with civilities : ii 
 word not now in use. 
 
 And in the midst thereof, upon tlie floor, 
 A lovely bevy of fair ladies sate. 
 
 Courted ol'many a jolly paramour; 
 The which them did in modest wise amate, 
 And each one sought his lady to aggrate. Fairy Q. 
 
 To AGGRAVATE, v. a. [aggravo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make heavy : used, only in ameta- 
 phorical sense ; as, to aggravate an 
 accusation, or a punishment. 
 
 A grove hard bysprung upwith this their change, 
 ("His will, \vho reigns above !) to aggravate 
 Their penance ; laden with fruit, like that 
 Which grew in paradise, the bait of Eve, 
 Us'd by the tempter. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Ambitious Turnus in the press appears. 
 And aggravating crimes augments tlicir fears. 
 
 Dryden's ^Eneid. 
 
 2. To make any thing worse, by the ad- 
 dition of some particular circumstance, 
 not essential. 
 
 This otTence. in itself so heinous, was yet in 
 
 him aggravated by the motive thereof; which was 
 
 not inaUce or discontent, but an as|)iring mind to 
 
 the papacy. Bacon's H^nry Y II. 
 
 Aggrava'tion. 71. s. [from aggravate,] 
 
 1 . The act of aggravating, or making heavy. 
 
 2. The act of enlarging to enormity. 
 
 A painter added a pair of whiskers to the face ; 
 and, by a little aggravation of the features, changed 
 it into the Saracen's head. Addisitn. 
 
 3. The extrinsical circumstances or acci- 
 dents, which increase the guilt of a 
 crime, or the misery of a calamity. 
 
 He, to the sins which he commits, liatli the ag- 
 
 fravation superadded, of comuiitting them aeainst 
 nowlcdge, against conscience, against siglu of 
 the contrary law. Hammond. 
 
 If it be weigh'd 
 By itself, with aggravations not surcharg'd. 
 Or else with just allowance counterpois'd ; 
 1 may, if po>sible, thv [)ardon find 
 Tlie easier towards me, or thy hatred less. Milton. 
 
 A'ggregate. adj, [aggy-egatus, Lat.] 
 Framed, by the collection of any particu- 
 lar parts, into one mass, body, or system. 
 
 The solid reason of one man with unprejndicate 
 appreiiensions, begets as firm a belief, as the autho- 
 rity or aggregate icstimony of many hundreds. 
 
 Brouiis Yul}iar Errours. 
 
 A G G 
 
 Tliey had, for a long time together, produced 
 many other inept combinatiuns, or aggregate forms 
 of particular things, and nonsensical >y'»temso! 
 llie whole. J?uv "« '^t Creation. 
 
 A'ggregate. n. s. [from the verb.] The 
 complex or collective result of the con- 
 junction or acervation of manyparticulars. 
 
 The reason of the far ^eatest part of mankind, 
 i^ but an aggregate of nnstakcn phantasms ; and, 
 in things not senMble, a constant delusion. 
 
 Glancillc's Scep.'^is .*uricntifira, 
 
 A great number of living and thinking panicles 
 could not possibly, by their mutual contact, and 
 pressing, and sinking^ compose one greater indivi- 
 dual animal, with one mind and understanding, 
 and a vital con^ensioii of the whole body; any 
 more, than a suariu of bees, or a crowd of men 
 and Women, can be conceived to make up one 
 particular living creature, compounded and con- 
 stituted of the aggregate of liiem all. BentUy. 
 
 To A'GGRFGAl'E. v. a. [uggrego, Lat.] 
 To collect together ; to accumulate ; to 
 heap many partlcidais into one mass. 
 
 The aggregated soil 
 Death, wilh his mace petrilick, cold and dry. 
 As with a trident, smote. Miltons Par. Lost, 
 
 Aggregation, w. a. [from aggregate.] 
 
 1 . Collection, or state of being collected. 
 Their individual imperfections being great, they 
 
 are moreover enlarged by their aggregation ; andf, 
 heinc erron^-ous in their single numbers, once 
 huddled together, they \\ill be errour itself. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. The collection, or act of collectingmany 
 particulars into one whole. 
 
 The water, resident in the abyss, is ("in all parts 
 of it) stored with a considerable quantity of heat ; 
 and more especially in those, where these extraor- 
 dinary aggregations of tliis fire happen. 
 
 Woodieard's Xat. Hist, 
 
 3. The whole, composed by the coacerva- 
 tion of many particulars ; an aggregate. 
 
 To AGGRESS, v. n. aggredior, aggres- 
 sum, Lat] To commit the first act of 
 violence ; to begin the quarrel. 
 
 The glorious pair advance, 
 With mingled anger and collected might : 
 
 To turn the war, and lell aggressingExance, 
 How Britain's sons and lirUain's friends can 
 fight. Prior. 
 
 Aggression, n. s. [aggressio, Lat.] The 
 first act of injury; commencement of a 
 quarrel, by some act of iniquity. 
 
 There is no resisting of a common enemy, with- 
 out an union for a mutual defence : and there 
 may be also, on the other hand, a conspiracy of 
 connnou enmity and aggression. L'Estra'nge. 
 
 Aggre'ssor. n. s. [from aggress.] The 
 person, that first commences hostility; 
 the assaulter or invader, opposed to the 
 defendant. 
 
 Fly in nature's face ! 
 But how, if nature fly in ray face first ? 
 'I'hen nature's the aggressor. 'Let lier look to't. Drud. 
 Itisa veryunluckycircunistance, to be obliged to 
 retaliate thi- injuries of such authors; whose works 
 are so soon fortrotten, that we are in danger already 
 of appearing tlie first aggressors. Pope and Suijt. 
 
 Aggri'evance. 71. s. [See Griev- 
 ance.] Injury ; hardship inflicted ; 
 wrong endured. 
 
 To Aggrieve, v. a, [from gravis, Lat 
 See To grieve.] 
 
 \. To give sorrow; tocausegrief; to vex. It 
 is not improbable, that to grieve was ori- 
 ginally neuter, and ags^rieve the active. 
 
 liut wUWc therein I took my cliief delight, 
 I saw, alas ! the gaping eartli devour 
 
 The spring, the place, and all. clean outof si[jht : 
 Which yet oggritves my heart evcu to this hour. 
 
 47
 
 A G I 
 
 2. To impose some hardships upon; to 
 harass ; to hurt in one's right. This 
 is a kind of juridical sense ; and when- 
 ever it is used now, it seems to bear some 
 allusion to forms of law. 
 
 Si'wall, archliisllop of York, much ag^rieied 
 with 51)1110 practices uf the poiie's collcctii'rs, lock 
 all patieiilly. Camden. 
 
 'Ihe landed man finds KnmcH ng^rrieved, by the 
 falling uf his rents, and the strciyhlcnins; uf his 
 fortune ; whilst the moiiied man keeps up his 
 gain, and the merchant thrives and grows rich hy 
 trade. ^ Locke. 
 
 Of injiir'd fume, and niiahty wrongs rcceiv'd, 
 Chloc complains, and wond'rimsly's agniiei''i/. 
 
 Granvlllt'. 
 
 To Aggrou'p I', a. [aggropare, Ital.] 
 To bring together into one figure ; to 
 crowd togetlier : a term of painting. 
 
 Bodies of dirers natures, which are agp-imned 
 (or comhined ) together, are agreeable and |-k-a- 
 sant to the sight. Dri/dca. 
 
 Agha'st. [eilher the participle of agiizc 
 (see Agaze), and then to be wrrtten 
 aga:ed, or tigast ; or from a and xart, 
 a ghost; which the present orthogiapiiy 
 favours : perhajjs they were originally 
 different words.] Struck with horrour, 
 as at the sight of a spectre ; stupified 
 with terrour. It is generally applied to 
 the external appearance. 
 
 She (sighing sore, as if her heart in twaine 
 Had riven been, and all her heart-strings brast) 
 With dreary drooping eyne look'd up, like one 
 aghci'st. Spenser. 
 
 The aged earth, aghast 
 AVith terrour of that blast. 
 Shall from the surface to the centre shake. Milton. 
 
 Aghmt he wak'd; and, starting from his bed, 
 Cold sweat in clammy drops hislinibs o'erspread. 
 Dryden's /Eneid. 
 I laugh to think, how your unshaken Cafo 
 AVill look aghast, while unforeseen destruction 
 Ponrs in upon liim thus from everyside.ylrfdis.Cadi. 
 
 A'GILE. atlj. [agile, Fr. agilis, Lat.] 
 Nimble ; ready ; having the quality of 
 being speedily put in motion ; active. 
 
 With that he gave his able horse the head ; 
 And, bending forward, struck his agile heels 
 Against the panting sides of his pour jade, 
 Up to tlie rowel head. Shakesp. Hen. 1\ 
 
 riie immediate and agile subservience of the 
 spirits to the empire of the mind or soul. 
 
 . . Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To guide its actions with informing care. 
 In peace to judge, to conquer in the war. 
 Render it agile, witty, valiant, sage ; 
 As fits the various course of human age. Prim-. 
 A'gileness. n s. [from agile.] The qua- 
 lityofbeing agile; nimbleness; readiness 
 for motion; quickness; activity; agility. 
 Agi'lity. n. s. [agilitas, Lat. froiTi agilis, 
 agile.] Nimbleness; readiness to move ; 
 quickness ; activity. 
 
 A limb, over-strained by lifting a weight above 
 its poiver, may never recover its former om'tti/ and 
 vigour. Watts. 
 
 AGlLLOCHUM.n.s. Aloeswood. A 
 tree in the East-Indies, brought to us in 
 small bits, of a very fragrant scent. It 
 is hot, drying, and accounted a strength- 
 eiier of the nerves in general: the best is 
 of a blackish purple colour ; and so light, 
 as to swim upon water. Qiiivcy 
 
 •'^AGIO. n. s. [An Italian word, signifyino- 
 ease or conveniency.] A mercantile 
 term, used chiefly in Holland and Ve- 
 nice, for the difference between the 
 
 A G I 
 
 value of bank notes, and the current 
 ^ inoney. Chambers. 
 
 To AGIST. V. a. [from giste, Fr. a bed or 
 resting place, or from gisler, i. e. stabii- 
 liiri.] To take in and feed the cattle 
 of strangers in the king's forest, and to 
 gather the money, i'he officers, tliat 
 do this, are called agistors; in English, 
 gue.it or gixt takers: their function is 
 termed iigislmenf ; as, as:istmeiit upon 
 the sea-banks. This word agi.il is also 
 used, for t!ie taking-in of other mens 
 cattle into any man's ground, at a cer- 
 tain rate per week. Blount. 
 
 Agi'stmen T. n. s. [See .Agist.] It is 
 taken by the canon lawyers, in another 
 sense, than is m^ntir-nod untler agi^f. 
 The}' seem to intenil by it, a modit.i or 
 composition, or mean rate, at whicli 
 some riglit or due may bo reckotied : 
 perhaps it is corrtiplcd from addiiucisse- 
 ment, or atljiisfmai/. 
 
 .Agistor, n. s. [from agist.] An officer 
 of the kiiig'-j forest. See AGIST. 
 
 A'gitable. ,/.'//'. [I'rom agitate; a<>;iia!iili.s; 
 Lat.] That, which may be aiiita'ed, or pi;l 
 in motion; porhapsthat,whiclimaybe;l!s 
 puted. See Agitate, and .Agitation. 
 
 To .VGIT.VTE v.a. [ugilr, Lat] 
 
 1. To put in motion ; to shake; to move 
 nimbly; as, 'the surface of the waters 
 ' is agitated by the wind ; the vessel u as 
 broken, by agi'atijig the liquor.' 
 
 2. To be the cause of motion ; to actuate ; 
 to move. 
 
 ■Where dwells this sov'reign arbitrary soul. 
 Which does the human aniuiid controiil. 
 Inform each part, and no-itfife the whole? Blaclcmore. 
 
 3. Toaifectwithperturbeition; as, 'tlieiiiiiid 
 ' of inan is agitated by various passions.' ' 
 
 4. To stir ; to liandy from one to another : 
 to discuss ; to controvert ; as, to agitati 
 a question. 
 
 Though tnis controversy he revived, and h'.lly 
 cgitaWrf among the moderns ; yet I doubt, whether 
 if be not, in a great part, a no'minal dispute. 
 
 Boyle on Colonrs 
 
 5. To contrive ; to revolve ; to form by 
 laborious thought. 
 
 Formalities of extraordinary zeal and piety are 
 never more studied and elabor'ale, than when'poli- 
 ticiansmostagiidtedesperatedcsigiis. KingCharlfi. 
 
 Agita'tion. ».*. [from agil ate; agitiiiio. 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 
 
 ^S 
 
 The act of moving or shaking any thing. 
 
 Puliefactiunaskelh rest; forthesuhlie motiiin, 
 which putrefaction requireth, is disturbed hy any 
 agitation, _ fjaeon. 
 
 2. The state of being moved or agitated ; 
 as, ' the waters, after a storm, a^e some 
 ' time in a violent agilution.' 
 
 3. Discussion ; controversial e.xaraiiiation. 
 A kind of a school question is started in iliiv 
 
 fable, upon reason and instinct : this deliberalivf 
 proceeding of the crow was rather a logical nn;(a- 
 timiof the matter. L'Kstraji^e's b'ahles. 
 
 4. Violent motion of the mind ; perturba- 
 tion ; disturbance of the thoughts. 
 
 A great perturbation in nature! to receive at 
 once the benefit of sleep, and do the etfecls of 
 watching. In this slumbry agitation, besides lier 
 walking, and other actual perhirMiances, what 
 have you heard her say ? Shakcsp. Macbeth . 
 
 AGO 
 
 His mother could no longer bear the agitations r.( 
 so many passions.as thronged upon her. '/ii(."No.;V\ 
 
 5. Deliberation; contrivance; the slate 
 of being consulted upon. 
 
 The project now in agitation, for repeajln" i,f 
 the test act, and yet leaving the name uf an csuib- 
 hshment to the present national church, is incon- 
 sistent. Swift's Mi.Hceltam,^. 
 
 Agita'tor. n. s. [from agitate \ He, 
 that agitates any .shing ; he, who mana- 
 ges aft'airs : in which sense seems to be 
 used, the agitators of the army. 
 
 A'glet. n. s. [Some derive it from a:y\t,, 
 splendour ; but it is aptiarentiv 'to l>e 
 deduced from ff/n-w/f/^c, Fr. ,i taj to a 
 point ; and that, from aigu, sltaijj.] " 
 
 1. A tagof a point, curved into some repre- 
 sentation ofananimal, generally of ii liiaii. 
 
 He Ihereupon gave for the garter a chain, worlh 
 2001, and his gown addressed with oglets,^stQvincti 
 worth 251. Haywurd. 
 
 Why, give him gold enough, and niarr^' liim to 
 a puppet, or an aglet haby.or an old trov, and ne'er 
 a tooth in her head. &'iii'/;f,s;i. Tamin^ql tkcSDrcw. 
 
 2. The pendants, at the ends of "the chieves 
 of flowers, as in ttilips. 
 
 A'gminal. ailj. [from agmen, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to a troop. Ijficf. 
 
 A'gnail. adj. [from anje, grieved, and 
 
 najle, a nail.] A disease of the nails ; a 
 
 whitlow; aninflammation round tlienuils. 
 
 Agna'tioN. n. s. [from ngnatn.i, Lat.] 
 Descent from the same father, in a direct 
 male line ; distinct from rtigliatioii, or 
 consanguinity, which include descend- 
 ants from females. 
 
 Agni'tion. ». J. [from agnitio, Lat.] 
 A cknowledgment . 
 
 To Agni'ze. 1'. a. [from agnosco, Lat.] 
 To acknowledge ; to own ; to avow. 
 This word is now obsolete, 
 
 I do agnize 
 A natural and prompt alacrity, 
 1 find ill hardness. Shakcsp. Othello. 
 
 Agnomination, n. s. [as:niimiiiatio, 
 Lat.] Allusion of one word to another, 
 by resemblance of sound. 
 
 The British continucth yet in Wales, aiid some 
 villages of Cornwall, interatingled with pr<ivinciat 
 Latin ; heingvery significative, copious, and plea- 
 santly running upon n^iiomi«a(i'>«5,altliuugh harsh 
 in aspirations. Camden. 
 
 AGAUS CASfUS. n. $. [Lat.] The 
 name of the tree, commonly cdlefl tie 
 Chaste Tree, from an imaginary virtue 
 of preserving chastity. 
 
 Of laurel some, of woodbine many more. 
 And w reathes of a^itits cdsti/s others bore. Dvydc-it. 
 
 AGo'.Of/c. [agaiijSax pastorgone; whence 
 writers formerly used, and in some pro- 
 vinces the people still use, agi/ne for ago.] 
 Past; as, lung ago; that is, longtime has 
 past since. Reckoning time towards the 
 present, we usesinee ; as, it is a year since 
 it happened: reckoii'ngfrom the present, 
 weuseffo-o; as, it happened a ycdr ago. 
 This is net, perhaps, always observed. 
 
 The great supjily 
 Are wreck'd three nights ago on Godwin sands. 
 
 Skakep. 
 This, both by others and myself, I know : 
 for I have serv'd their sovereign, long ago : 
 Oft have been caught, within tlie winding train. 
 
 Dryden's Fables^ 
 
 I shall set down an account of a tliscourse, 1 
 
 chanced to have with one of them some lime ago. 
 
 Ad<lison's I'reeholde'
 
 A G () 
 
 Ago'g. adv. [a word of uncertain etymo- 
 logy. The French iiave the term d 
 gogo, in low langimge ; as, //.$ rivinf a 
 gogo, they live to their wish : from tliis 
 j)hrase, our word may be (perhaps) de- 
 rived.] 
 
 1. In a state of desire; in a state of warm 
 imagination ; lieated, with the notion of 
 some enjoyment; longing; strongly ex- 
 cited. 
 
 As for the sense and lo.ison of it, lliat has little 
 or nolhiiig to do ln-re: only lot it sound full and 
 round, and cljiinc right to the humour, which is 
 at present n^o/J," justas a hif;, long, rattling name 
 is said, to eoiumand even adoration fnuu a Spa- 
 niard: and no doubt, "ilh this powerful, sense- 
 less engine, the rahble-driver shall be able to 
 carry all before him. South's Sermons. 
 
 2. It" is used, with the verbs to be, or to 
 stt ; as, he is agog, or you may set him 
 agog. 
 
 The gawdv gossip, when she's set agog, 
 In jewels drest, and at eacli ear a bob, 
 Goes flaunting out ; and, in her trim of pride. 
 Thinks, all she says or does is juslifv'd. 
 
 Drm. Juv. Sat. vi. 
 This maggot has no sooner set hini ago', but Ik- 
 gets him a ship ; freights her, builds castres in the 
 air, and conceits both tlie Indies i]i his cotVers. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 It has the particle on, or for, before the 
 object of desire. 
 
 On » hich, the saints are all agog ; 
 And all this, for a bear and dog. Ifudibr. cant. ii. 
 
 Gypsies generally straggle into these parts, and 
 set the heads of our servant-maids so agogj'ur 
 husbands, that we do not cKjicct to have any tju- 
 siness done as it should be, whilst they are in the 
 country. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 Ago'ing. pai-ticipal adj. [from a and 
 
 going.} In action ; into action. 
 
 Their first movement, and impressed motions, 
 demanded the impulse of an almighty haml, to 
 set them first agoing. Tutler. 
 
 Ago'ne. adv. [agan. Sax.] Ago; past 
 See Ago. 
 
 Is he such a priiicfly one. 
 
 As you spake him long irgone ? 
 
 Ben Jonsons Fairii Prince. 
 
 A'gonism. n. s. [ay^ixo-^io;, Gr.] Conten- 
 tion for a prize. Diet. 
 
 A'gonist. n.s. layar.T^i;, Gr.] A con- 
 tender for prizes. Diet. 
 
 Agoni'stes. 71. s. [iyutirri;, Gr.] A prize- 
 fighter ; one that contends at any pub- 
 lick solemnity for a prize. Milton has 
 so styled his tragedy ; because Samson 
 was called out, to divert the Philistines 
 with feats of strength. 
 
 Agoni'stical. adj. [from agonistes] Re- 
 lating to prize-fighting. Diet. 
 
 To A'gonize. v.n. [from agonize, low 
 I^atin : ayai\i\?fi, Gr. agoniser, Fr.] To 
 feel agonies; lobe in excessive pain. 
 Dost thou behold my poor distracted heart. 
 Thus rent with agoniziiig love and rage ; 
 And ask me, what ii means? Art tliou not false' 
 liotve^s Jane Sltore. 
 Or touch, if, tremblingly alive all o'er. 
 To smart and agonize at every pore ? 
 
 Pope's Essay on Man. 
 
 AGONOTHE'tICK. adj. [ayut and riSi;/*!, 
 Gr.] Proposing public contentions for 
 prizes ; giving prizes ; presiding at pub- 
 lic games. Diet. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A G R 
 
 A'GONY. n.s. [<l^w», Gr. agon, low Ijit 
 
 ugonie, Fr.] 
 
 1. The pangs of death ; projierlj', the last 
 contest l)etweeii life and death. 
 
 Never was there more pity, in .saving any, than 
 in ending nie ; because thereni my agony shall eiui. 
 
 Sidneii. 
 
 Tlion, who forme didst feel such pain, 
 ^^'hose precious blood the cross did stain. 
 Let not those agonies be vain. Roscommon. 
 
 2. Any violent or excessive pain of body 
 or mind. 
 
 Betwixt them both, they have me done to dy, 
 Thro' wounds, and strokes, and stubborn handel- 
 
 '"g; 
 
 That death were better, than such agony. 
 As grief and fury unto me did bring. Fuirtj Queen. 
 
 Ihcel have niiss'd, and thoujjht it long dcpriv'd 
 Thy presence; agonu of love! tdl now 
 No'l telt, nor shall be tw ice. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 3. It is particularly used, in devotions for 
 our Redeemer's conflict in the garden. 
 
 To propose our desires, u iiich cannot take such 
 ef^'ect as we specify, shall (notwithstanding) 
 otherwise procure us his heavenly grace ; even as 
 tliis very prayer of Christ obtained angels to he 
 sent him, as comforters in his agony. Hooker. 
 
 Ago'od adv. [a and good.] In earnest; 
 not fictitiously. Not in use. 
 
 At lliat time I made her weep agood, 
 For I did play a lamentable jiart. 
 
 Sliukesp. Two Gent, of' Verona. 
 
 Agou'ty. n.s. An animal of the Antilles; 
 
 • of the bigness of a rabbit, with bright 
 red hair, and a little tail without hair. 
 He has but two teeth in each jaw ; 
 holds his meat in his fore paws, like a 
 squirrel ; and has a very remarkable ciy : 
 when he is aniiry, liis hair stands on 
 end, and he strikes the earth with his 
 hind feet; and, when chased, he flies to 
 a hollow tree, whence he is expelled by 
 smoke. Trevoux. 
 
 To Agra'ce. v. a. [from a sunA grace] To 
 grant favours to; to confer benefits 
 upon : a word not now in use. 
 
 .She granted ; and that knight so much agrac d, 
 That she him taught celestial discipline. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 AgEA'mMATIST. n. S. [a,/?rit).andyfa/x^a, 
 Gr.] An illiterate man. Diet. 
 
 Agra'rian. adj. [agrariiis, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to fields or grounds: a word sel- 
 dom used, but in the Roman History ; 
 where there is mention of the agrarian 
 law. 
 To Agre'ase. v. a. [from a and grease.] 
 To daub ; to grease ; to pollute with filth. 
 The waves thereof so slow and slusgish were, 
 Engross'd with mud, which did them foul agrense. 
 
 Fairy Qaein. 
 
 To AGRE'E. t'. w. [agreer, Fr. from gre, 
 liking or good-will; gratia and gratus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To be in concord ; to live without con- 
 tention ; not to differ. 
 
 rile more yovi agree together, the less hurt can 
 your enemies tioyou. 
 
 Broome's View ofFpic P.rtry. 
 
 2. To grant; toj'ieldto; to admit; with 
 the particle to, or upon. 
 
 And persuaded them, to agree to all reasonable 
 
 conditions. i? Maccabees, xi. 14. 
 
 We do not prove the origin of the earth, from a 
 
 A G R 
 
 chaos ; seeing ihat is agreed on by all, that giTe it 
 any urigin. Sumet. 
 
 3. To settle amicably. 
 
 A. form of words werr quickly agreed on between 
 them, for a perfect coiiibinatiun. Ciarendtm, 
 
 4. To settle terms, by stipulation; to ac- 
 cord : followed by with. 
 
 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whilst thou 
 art in the way with him; lest at any tliiie the ad- 
 versary deliver thee lo the judge, and the judge 
 deliver thee lo the officer, and ihou be cast into 
 prison. Matt. v. 25. 
 
 5. To settle a price, between buyer and 
 
 seller. 
 
 Friend, I do thee no wrong : didst not thou agree 
 uith rae for a penny ? Matt. xx. 13. 
 
 6. To be of the same mind or opinion. 
 He exceedingly provoked or underwent, the 
 
 envy, and reproach, and malice of men of all 
 qualities and conditions, whu agreed in nothing 
 else. (Jlarejidon. 
 
 Milton is a noble genius ; and the world agrees, 
 to confess it. li'attss Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 I. To concur; to co-operate. 
 
 Must thewliolciiian (amazing thought!) return, 
 To tiie cold marble and contracted urn? 
 And never shall those pariides agrec^ 
 That were in life this individual he.' Prior, 
 
 S. To settle some point, among many ; 
 with vpon^ before a noun. 
 
 Strifes and trtjiiljlcs would be endless; except 
 they gave their common consent all, to be ordered 
 by some, whom they should a^ree upon. Hiyoker. 
 If nifn, skilled in chyniicai atfair^, shall 
 ag)-ee lo write clearly, and keep men from being 
 stunned by dark orcuipty words ; they will be re- 
 duced, eitber to write notning; or books, that may 
 teach us something. Boyle. 
 
 9. To be consistent; not to contradict: 
 with tOy or tcit/i. 
 
 For many bare false witness against him; but 
 
 their witnt ss agreed not together. Mark, xiv. 56. 
 
 They tlial stood by, said again to Peter, 'Sure- 
 
 * ly thtm art one of ttiera ; for thon art a Galilean, 
 
 * and thy speech agreeth thereto.' 
 
 Mark, xiv. 70. 
 
 Which testimony, I the less scruple to allege; 
 
 because it agrees very well, with what has been 
 
 affirmed to me. Boyle. 
 
 10. To suit with ; to be accommodated to ; 
 with tOf or wii.k. 
 
 Thou fccdest llilne own people with angels 
 food ; and didst send them from heaven bread, 
 agi-eeiug to e\ cry taste. Wisdom. 
 
 His jjrinciple's could not be made to agree tcith 
 that constitution and order, which God had settled 
 in the world ; and therefore must needs clash, 
 w iih common sense and experience. Locke. 
 
 II. To cause no disturbance in the body. 
 I have often lliought that, our prescribing asses 
 
 milk in such small quantities is injudicious; for 
 undoubtedly, with such as it aorcti uith, it would 
 perform much greater and quicker etfects, iu 
 greater quantities. Arbuthnot, 
 
 To Agree, v. a. 
 
 1 , To put an end to a variance. 
 He saw from far, orseruied for to see, 
 
 Some troublous uproar, or coDlcntious fiuy; 
 \Vhereto he drew in haste, it to ap-ee. 
 
 Fairy Qu^fn, h. ii. 
 
 2. To make friends; to reconcile. 
 Tlie mighty rivals, whosedestructire rage 
 
 Did the whofe world in civil arms engage, 
 
 A re n o w agreed . liosco.Tt ir on . 
 
 Agre'e.vble. adj. \agr6abh, Fr.] 
 1. Suitable to; consistent with; conform- 
 able to. It has the particle to^ or with. 
 
 1 his paucity of blood xsagreeabU to many oilier 
 animals ; as frogs, lizards, and other fishes. 
 
 BrL'un'i Vulgar Ertours 
 
 H 
 
 49
 
 A G II 
 
 n>e delight, which men have in Pfpu'^'ty,^ 
 fH.uc, submission. a..d suhect.on of o her men 
 minds; scemtth to be a thnig (.n itself, without 
 conteini.lationofconsequence)»gr<.™We;.nderae- 
 
 ful, to ti.e nature of man. Bacon s ^atu.al H t 
 What vou do, is not at all ugreeahle, either 
 mth sogmid a christian, or so reasonable and jx, 
 ereat a person. , ^ \.''' 
 
 That, which is agreeahle to tlie nature of one 
 thine, is many times contrary to "-^.■g- "/ 
 another. . , . , - '^ , 
 
 As the practice of all piety and virtue is ag,ce- 
 tthle to our reason; so is it likewise the inleiesl, 
 both of private persons, and of publick societies. 
 
 2. In the following passage, the adjective 
 is used (by a familiar covniptionj foi- 
 the adverb agreeabli/. 
 
 A<rreenhte hei-cnnto. perhaps it might not be 
 amils, to make children (as soon, as they are ca- 
 pable of ii ) often to tell a story. Locke m tdii. 
 
 3. Pleasing: that is suitable, to the m 
 clin;ition', faculties, or temper : it is used 
 in this sense, both of persons and things. 
 
 And, while the face of outward things we find 
 Pleas.int and liiir, agreeable and sweet. . 
 
 These tilings transport. Sir J. Vames. 
 
 I recollect in my mind the discourses, whicli 
 have iiassed between us ; and call to mind a thou- 
 sand agreeable remarks, wliich he has made on 
 these occasions. Addkon. Spectator, i^o.2-ll 
 
 Agre'eableness. n.s. [from agreeable.] 
 
 1. Consistency with; suitableness to: 
 with the particle to. 
 
 Pleasant tastes depend, not on the things them- 
 selves, hut their agreeableness to this or that par- 
 ticular palate ; wherein there is great variety . 
 
 JLoctie. 
 
 2. The qtiality of pleasing. It is used 
 in an inferior sense ; to mark the pro- 
 duction of satisfaction, calm and lasting, 
 btit below rapture or admiration. 
 
 There will be occasion, for largeness of mind, 
 and asrecaUencss of temper. Collier of' Friendship. 
 
 It is verv much an image of that author's w ntmg ; 
 who has an agreeableness that charms us, without 
 correctness ; like a mistress, whose faults we see, 
 but love her with them all. Pope. 
 
 3. Resemblance; likeness : sometimes, with 
 
 the particle between. 
 
 This relation is likewise seen, in the agreeable- 
 ness between man and the other parts of the uni- 
 verse. Grew's Cosmologia Sacra. 
 Agre'eably. adv. [from agreeable.] 
 
 1. Consistently with; in a manner, suit- 
 able to. 
 
 Tliey may look, into the affairs of .Tudea and 
 Jerusa"lcin ; agreeably to that, which is in the law 
 of the Lord. 1 Esd. xviii. 12 
 
 2. Pleasingly. 
 I did never imagine, that so many excellent 
 
 rules could be produced so advantageously and 
 agreeably. .!iwijt. 
 
 Agre'ed. participial adj. [from agree.] 
 Settled by consent. 
 
 When they had got known and agreed names, 
 to signify those internal operations of their own 
 minds; they were sufficiently furnished, to make 
 known by words all their ideas. Locke. 
 
 Agke'ei'ngness. w. s. [from agree.] Con- 
 sistence ; suitableness. 
 Agke'ement. n.s. [agrement, Fr. inlaw, 
 Latin agreamenlum, which Coke would 
 willingly derive fromaggregatio men- 
 tiiim.] 
 1. Concord 
 
 What agreement is there, between the hyena 
 md the dog? and what peace, between the rich 
 iud the poor? £ce/es. xiii. 1" 
 
 Resemblance of one thing to another, 
 
 A G U 
 
 The divis'on and quavering, which please so 
 mueb in luusick, have an agreement with the glit- 
 tering of light ; as the moon-beams, playing upon 
 a wave. Baron. 
 
 Expansion and duration have this farther agree- 
 ment; that, though they are both considered by 
 us as having parts, yet "their parts are not separa- 
 ble one from amdlKT. Locke. 
 3. Compact; bargain; conclusion of con- 
 troversy; stipulation. 
 
 And your covenant with death shall be disan- 
 nulled, "and your agreement with bell shall not 
 stand; wlicn the overllowiii" scourge shall pass 
 throu<»h, tlien ye shall be trodden down by it. 
 
 Jsaia/i, xxvni. 18. 
 
 Make an agreement with me by a present, and 
 come out to lue ; and then eat ye, every man oi 
 his own vine, and every one of his hg-tree. 
 
 2 Kings, xviii. Ji. 
 
 Frog had given his word, that he would meet 
 the company, to talk of this agreement. 
 
 Arbutknot's History of John Bnll. 
 
 Agre'stick, or Agre'stical. adj. [from 
 agresds, Liit.] Having relation to the 
 country; rude; rustick. Diet. 
 
 Agricola'tion. n. s. [from agricvia, 
 Lat.] Culture of the ground. Diet. 
 
 A'griculture. 71. s. [agriciiltura, Lat.] 
 The art of cultivating the ground ; til- 
 lage; husbandi-y, as distinct from pas- 
 
 Hettrictly adviseth, not to begin to sow before 
 the settin" of the stars ; which, notwithstanding, 
 without injury to agriculture, cannot be observed 
 iuEimland. Brown s Vulgar Lnot,rs. 
 
 That there was tillage best.Aved upon the an- 
 tediluvian eround, Moses docs indeed intimate 
 hi peneralt what sort of tillage that was, is not 
 expressed. 1 hope to shew that, their agncultare 
 was nothing near so laborious and troublesome, 
 nor did it take so much time, as ours doth. 
 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 
 The disposition of Ulysses inclined him to war, 
 rather than the more lucrative, but more secure, 
 method of life, by agriculture and husbandry. 
 
 Broome's Notes on the Odyssey. 
 
 Agrimony, n. s. [ngrimonia, Lat.] The 
 name of a plant. The leaves are rougli, 
 hairy, pennated, and grow alternately 
 on the branches ; the flower-cup consists 
 of one leaf, which is divided into five 
 segments: the flowers have five or sLx 
 leaves, and are formed into a long spike ; 
 which expands, in form of a rose; the 
 fruit is oblong, dry, and prickly, like 
 the burdock ; in each of wliich, are con- 
 tained two kernels. Miller. 
 
 To Agri'se. I', n. [agpij-an, Sax.] To 
 look terrible. Out of use. Spenser. 
 
 To Agri'se. v. a. To terrify. Spens. 
 
 AgRo'und. adv. [from a and ground.] 
 
 1. Stranded; hindered by the ground, 
 from passing farther. 
 
 With our great ships, we durst not approach 
 the coast ; we having been all of us aground. 
 
 Sir ir. Raleigh's Essays. 
 Say, what you seek, and whither were you 
 bound ? 
 Were you by stress of weather, cast aground ? 
 
 •^ Vryden's/Eneid. 
 
 2. It is likewise figuratively used, for 
 being hindered in the progress of affairs ; 
 as, the negociators were aground at 
 that objection. 
 
 AGUE. n. s. [aigit, Fr. acute.] An inter- 
 mitting fever, "with cold fits succeeded 
 by hot : the cold fit is, in popular lan- 
 
 A H A 
 
 guage, more particularly called the 
 ague; and the hot, the fever. 
 
 Our caslle's strength 
 Will laugh a siege to scorn. Here let them lie. 
 Till faiuiTie and the ague eat them up. Shakesp. 
 
 Though 
 He feels the heats of youth, and colds of age ; 
 Vet neither tempers nor corrects the other; 
 As if there were an ague in his nature. 
 That still inclines to one extreme. Den. Sophy. 
 A'gued. adj. [from ague.] Struck with 
 an ague ; shivering ; chill ; cold : a word 
 
 in little use 
 All hurt behind, backs red, and faces pale, 
 
 With Hightaiid agucd fear! Shakesp. Coriolamis. 
 
 Ague-fit. n. s. [from ague and Jit.]Tl\p 
 paroxysm of tlie ague. 
 This asue-tit of fear is overblown. „ , , , 
 
 ° •' Shakesp. Tiich. 11. 
 
 A'gue-PROOF. adj. [from ague and 
 proof.] Proof against agues; able to re- 
 sist the causes which produce agues, 
 without being affected. 
 
 When the rain came to wet me once, and the 
 wind to make me chatter; when the thunder 
 would not peace at my bidding; there I found 
 'cm, there I smelt 'em out. They t..ld me, 1 was 
 every thing ; 'tis a lie ; I am not ague-prooj. 
 
 Shakesp. hing Lear. 
 
 Ague TREE. n.s. [from ugiic and tree.] 
 A name, sometimes given to sassafras. 
 
 Diet. 
 To Agui'se. v. a. [from a and guise. See 
 Guise.] To di-ess ; to adorn ; to deck : 
 a word not in use now. 
 
 As her fantastic wit did most delidit. 
 Sometimes her head she fondly w ould agwse 
 With gaudy garlands, or fresh flowers dight 
 About her neck, or rings-of rushes plight. 
 
 ra'iry Queen. 
 
 Aguish, adj. [from ague] Having the 
 qualities of an ague. 
 
 So calm, and so serene, but now : 
 What means this change, on iMvra's brow? 
 Her aguish love now glows and burns, 
 Then chills and shakes, and the cold fit returns. 
 
 Graniille. 
 
 A'guishness. n.s. [from aguish.] The 
 
 quality of resembling an ague. 
 Ah. Interjection. 
 
 1 . A word, uoting sometimes dislike and 
 
 censure. . v • • 
 
 Ah! sinful nation! a people, laden with mi- 
 
 nuity, a seed of evil-doers ; children, that are cor- 
 
 rupt'ers ! they have forsaken the Lord. Isaiah, i. 4. 
 
 2. Sometimes, contempt and exultation. 
 Let them not say in their hearts. Ah! so we 
 
 would have it: let them not say, we have swal- 
 lowed him up. ^s"'™ '"'''^- ''^^ 
 
 3. Sometimes, and most frequently, com- 
 passion and complaint. 
 
 In youth alone, unhappy mortals live; 
 But ah! the mighty bliss is fugitive : 
 Discolour'd sickness, anxious labour come. 
 And age and death's inexorable doom. 
 
 ^ Vryd. Virg. Georg. tn- 
 
 Ahme\ the blooming pride of May, 
 And that of beauty, are but one : 
 
 At morn, both flourish bright and gay ; . 
 
 Both fade at evening, pale and gone. _ rnor. 
 
 4. When it is followed by that, it ex- 
 presses vehement desire. 
 
 In goodness, as in greatness, they excel. 
 Ah! that we lov'd ourselves, but half so well! 
 
 IJrydens Juvenal. 
 
 Aha'! Aha'! interjection. A word, inti- 
 mating triumph and contempt. 
 
 50
 
 A I D 
 
 Tliev opened ticeir inoutli wi<le ngalnst mc, and 
 saiii.K^Ki/ aha! oiireje liatlibeel.il. 
 
 ]'salm XXXV. 21. 
 
 Ahij'au. adv. [from a and /leafl.] 
 
 1. Fai-thei- onward, than anotlier: a sea 
 
 term. 
 
 And now Ihe miglity Centaur seems to lead ; 
 And now the speedy jjolpliin get* ahciul. 
 
 Vruilcn s TEnctil. 
 
 2. Headlong ; precipitantly : used of 
 animals, and fiotu-atively of men. 
 
 It is niiijiilily the fault of "parents, guardians, 
 tlito.s, and govern .urs, that so many men mis- 
 carry. They suli'er theni at first, to run ahead ; 
 an<i; when "perverse inclinations are advanced 
 into hahits, there is no dealing with iheiii. 
 
 L'Estmiige s I'ables. 
 
 Ahe'igiit. adi'. [from a and height.] 
 Aloft ; on hiirh. 
 
 But have I fnll'n or no,— 
 ^Frora the dread summit of this chalky bourne.' 
 Look up aheight! the shrill-goie'd lark 'so far 
 Cannut be seen or heard. Sliakap. King Lear. 
 
 AtlOUA'l. n. s. The name of a poison- 
 ous plant. 
 7o AID. n.s. [aider, Fr. from adjiitarc, 
 Lat.] To help ; to support ; to succour. 
 
 Into the lake he leapt, his lord to aid ; 
 And, of him catching hold, him strongly staid 
 From drow nine. t'airii Qaeen. 
 
 Neither shufl they give any thing unto tiieiii, 
 that make war upon them, or aid them with vic- 
 tuals, weapons, money, or ships. 
 
 Maccabees, viii. 26. 
 Bv the loud trumpet, which our courage aids, 
 We 'learn that, sound as well as sense i>ersuades. 
 
 Roscvmmon. 
 
 Aid. n. s. [from To aid.] 
 
 1. Help; support. 
 
 The memory of useful filings may receive con- 
 siderable aid,'if they are thrown into verse. 
 
 H atls's Improvement nt'the Mind. 
 
 'Vour patrimonial stores in peace possess ; 
 Undoubted all your filial claim confess ; 
 Your private ri'^ht should impious power invade. 
 The peers of Ithaca would arm in aid. Pope's Od. 
 
 2. The person that gives help or sup- 
 port ; a helper ; auxiliary. 
 
 Thou hast said, it is not good, that man should 
 be alone ; let us make unto him an aid, like unto 
 himself. Tohit, viii. (i. 
 
 Great aids came in to him, partly upon mis- 
 sives, and partly voluntaries from many parts. 
 
 Bacmis'Henry VII. 
 
 3. In law. 
 
 A subsidy. Aid is also particularly used, in 
 matter of pl'euding, for a petition made in court, 
 for the calling in of help from another, that liath 
 an interest in the cause in (piestion ; and is like- 
 wise, both to give strength to the party, that prays 
 in aid of him ; and also, to avoid a prejudice ac- 
 cruing towards his own right, except it be pre- 
 vented : as, when a tenant for term of life, cour- 
 tesy, &:c. being impleaded toiicliing his estate, he 
 may pray in aiit of him in the reversion ; that is, 
 entreat t1ie court, that he may be called in bv 
 writ, to allege what he thinks good for the niaiii- 
 tenaiice both of his right and Ins own. CotccU. 
 
 Ai'dance. w. s. [from aid] Help; sup 
 port: a word little used. 
 
 Oft have I seen a timely parted ghost. 
 Of ashy semblance, nicacre. pale, and bloodless, 
 Being all descended to i)ie lab'ring heart ; 
 Who, in the conflict that it holds with ileath. 
 Attracts the same, for aidancc 'gainst the enemy. 
 Shakesp. Hcnni \'I. 
 
 Ai'd.\NT. adj. [aidant, Fr ] Helping; 
 helpful : not in use. 
 
 Alt you, unpublish'd virtues of the earth. 
 Spring w ith my tears ; be aidant and remetliate. 
 In the good roan's distress. Shakap. King Lear. 
 Ai'der. n. s. [from aid.] He, that brings 
 aid or help; a helper; an ally. 
 
 A I M 
 
 All along, as he went, were punished the adhe- 
 rents and aiders of the late rebL-ls. 
 
 Bacons lienr^ \^II, 
 
 Ai'di.K.ss. adj. [from aid and Icix, an in- 
 separable particle] Helpless; unsup- 
 ported ; undefended. 
 
 Alone he entc-r'd 
 The mortal gate o' th' city, which he painted 
 With shunless destiny : aidtess came olf ; 
 And with a sudden re-cnforcement, struck 
 Corioli, like a ]>lanet. Slialce^-p. Coriolanus. 
 
 He had met 
 Already, ere my best siiecd could prevent. 
 Tile aidless innocent lady, his wish d prey. 
 
 Milton's Coniiis. 
 Ai'gulet. n. s. [aigulet, Fr.] A point, 
 with tags ; points of gold, at the end of 
 fringes. 
 
 ll all above besprinkled was throughout 
 ^Vith golden aignlets, that glister'd bright. 
 
 Like twinkling stars ; and, all the skirt about. 
 Was hemin'd with golden fringes. Fairi/ Queen. 
 
 To AIL. v.a. [ejlan. Sax. to be trouble- 
 some] 
 
 1. To pain; to trouble ; to give pain. 
 
 And the angel of God called to Hag.ir out of 
 heaven, and said unto her; 'What aiieth thee 
 ' Hagar? fear not! for God hath heard the voice 
 ' of tlie lad, where he is.' Gen. xxi. 17. 
 
 2. It is used (in a sense less determinate) 
 for to I'fftcf in any manner; as, sumc- 
 fhing ails mi, that I cannot tit still ; 
 what ails Ihe mini, that he laughs ivith- 
 out reason ? 
 
 Love smiled, and thus said ; ' Want, joined to 
 ' desire, is unhappy ; but, if he nought do desire, 
 ' what can Heraclitus uiW Siiiuci/. 
 
 What ails me, that I cannot lose thy thoughtl 
 Command, the empress hither to be brought : 
 I, in her death, shall some diversion find ; 
 And rid my thoughts at once, of woman-kind. 
 
 Drijdens Tiiraiiuick Lore. 
 
 3. To feel pain; to be incommoded. 
 
 4. It is remarkable, tliat this word is 
 never used, but with some indefinite 
 term, or the word nothing: as, fVhaf 
 ails him? fVhat does he ail? He ails 
 something ; he ails nothing. Something 
 ails him ; nothing ails him. Thus we 
 never say, a fever ails him, or he ails a 
 fever; or use definite terms with this 
 verb. 
 
 Ail. n s. [from the verb.] A disease. 
 
 Or heal, O Narses, thy obscener ail. Pope. 
 
 Ai'lment. n.s. [from ail.] Pain ; disease. 
 
 Little a(/»u'H/soft attend the fair. 
 
 Not decent for a husband's eye or ear. Granrille. 
 
 I am never ill, but I think of your ailments : 
 
 and repine, that Ihey mutually hinder our being 
 
 together. " Aut/('.s Letterl 
 
 .4'iLiNG. participial adj [from To ail] 
 
 Sickly; full of complaints. 
 7'o AIM. v.n. [It is derived by .W/wne?- 
 
 from csmer, to point at ; a word which 1 
 
 have not found.] 
 
 1. To endeavour to strike with a missive 
 weapon; to direct towards: with the 
 particle at. 
 
 Aim'st thou at princes, all amaz'd they said. 
 The last of games? Pope's Odijssey. 
 
 2. To jioint the view, or direct the steps, 
 towards any thing; to tend towards; to 
 endeavour to reach or obtain ; with to 
 formerly, now only with at. 
 
 Lo, here the world is bliss ; so here the end. 
 To w hich all men do aim, rich to be made ; 
 Such grace now, to be happy, is before thee laid. 
 
 Fairii Queen. 
 
 A I R 
 
 Another kind llicrc i*.; wliicli allhoiifih we de- 
 sire fur itself us ht-alth, aiul virtue, •uid kiiuw- 
 let I lie ; nt-vcrllnjlcss they nrc not tlur lust mark, 
 uhcnat wc aim; but have their further end, 
 wlnToiiiilu ihcy arc rufiTft'd. Hooker, 
 
 Swnln with ajfphiuso, and aiinlugsuW ai more, 
 Pie now provoke:) the sea-jjods fn^m ihe shore. 
 
 Drudcnt ALne'td. 
 
 Ri'ligion tends, to the ea« and pleasure, the 
 peace and tran'|uility, of our minds: which, all 
 tlie wisdunnif the wi-ild did always aim at, as the 
 utnio.st felicity of this life. TUtotion^ 
 
 3. To guess. 
 
 2o AiM.r.rt. To direct a missile weapon; 
 
 more particularly Uikeu, for the act of 
 
 pointing the weapon b^ I'le eye, before 
 
 its diniission from the hand 
 
 And proud Ideus, Priam's chariotci-r, 
 Who shakes liis empty reins, and aims his airy 
 spear. Dryden. 
 
 Aim. w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The direction of a missile weapon, 
 
 Asc"inius, yt'ung and eager (-f his t;aiije, 
 Soon henl liis bow, uncertain of his aim: 
 Bu'i tiie dire (lend the fatal arniw guides. 
 Which pierc'd iiis howeU ihr.'Ugh his j»antin£; 
 sitles. Ditftkn, .£'«. vii. /. 691". 
 
 2. The point, to which the ihin^ thrown 
 
 is directed. 
 
 That arrows fled not swijter toward their aim; 
 Than ditl our scltlicrs, ainiini; at their safety, 
 Fl V from tlie held. biiakexj). Hemy IV. p. ii. 
 
 3. In a figm'ative sense, a purpose; a 
 scheme; an intention; a design. 
 
 He trusted, to have equallM the Most High, 
 If he uppos'd : and, with ambitious aim, 
 A<»ain^t the throne and mnnarchy of God, 
 Kais'd impious war. Milt. Par. Lost, b. i. /. 41, 
 
 But see, how oft ambitious aims are crost ; 
 And chiefs contend, till all the prize is lost. Pope^ 
 
 4-. The object of a design ; the thing, 
 
 after which any one endeavours. 
 
 Tlie safest way is to suppose, that the epistle 
 has bvit une aim '; till (by a frequent perusal of it) 
 you are forced to see, ll'icre are distinct independ- 
 ent parts. Locke's Kssay on St. Paut^s Epistlet. 
 
 5. Conjecture ; guess. 
 
 It is impossible, by aim to tell it ; and for ex- 
 perience and knowledge thereof, I do not think 
 that, there was ever any of the particulars thereof. 
 <>penser on Ireland. 
 
 There is a history in all men's lives, 
 Figuiini: the nature of the times decea.s'd : 
 'i'he \\hicli observ'd, a man may prophesy 
 With a near aim, of the main chance of tfiings. 
 As yet not come to life ; w hich, in their seeds 
 And weak beginnings, lie intreasured. 
 
 Sbakesp. Henry IV, 
 
 AIR. n. s. [aivj Fr. o'er, Lat.] 
 
 1. The element, encompassing the terra- 
 queous globe. 
 
 If I "ere to leil, what I mean by the word air ; 
 I may say, it is that fine matter, w liich we breathe- 
 in and breathe out continually: or it is that thin 
 fluid body, in \\bich the birds tly. a little above 
 the earth"; or it is that invisible matter, which fdls 
 all places near the earth, or which immediately 
 encompasses tlie globe of earth and water. 
 
 ir«(ts's Logick. 
 
 2. The state of the air ; or the air, con- 
 sidered with regard to healtJi. 
 
 There be many good and healthful airs, that do 
 appear by habitation and other proofs ; that ditfer 
 not in smell from other airs. 
 
 Bacon s yaturai Historu, No. 9(H. 
 
 3. Air in motion ; a small gentle wind. 
 
 Fresh gales and gentle atn 
 Whisper'd it to the woods; and froni their win^ 
 Flung rose. Hung :dours from the spicy shrub. 
 Disporting ! Mitt, Par. Lost, t>. viii. /. 515, 
 
 51
 
 A I R 
 
 But safe irpose. without an air of brfalh. 
 OwelU here ; and a dumb quiet, next ti> death. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Let vernal ain tliroujh Itembriiig osiers play, 
 And Albion'j cUffj resound the rural lav. 
 
 Puft's Pattanis. 
 
 4. Scent ; vapour. 
 
 Stinks, which the nostrils straight abhor, are 
 not the most pernicious ; but such ain, as have 
 (CMse siniilituite with the man's body ; and so insi- 
 nuate themselves, and betray the spirits. Bticim. 
 
 5. Blast; pestilential vapour. 
 
 All the stor'J v engeances of heaven fall 
 On her iiierateful top ! strike her young bones, 
 Vou taking airs, witii lameness. 
 
 Shaktfp. Kinr Lear. 
 
 6. Any thing, light or uncertain ; that is 
 as light, as air. 
 
 nioroent.irv srace of mortal men ! 
 
 Which w c more hunt for. than the »race of God, 
 Who builds his hope in air of your lair looks. 
 Lives like a drunken sailor on "a mast. 
 Ready with ev'ry nod to tumble down. 
 
 Shakny. Rkkard III. 
 
 7. The open weather; air uncoufiiied. 
 The sarden was inclos' I within the square, 
 
 Whece'voung Emilia took the morning mr. 
 
 Dr^acMS Fables. 
 
 8. \'ent ; utterance ; emission into the air. 
 
 1 would have ask'd you, if i durst for shati;c. 
 If still Tou lov'd : you'gave it air before me. 
 Bnt ah"; why wereVe not both of a sex: 
 
 For then we' might nave lov'd, without a crime. 
 
 Drvii'^n. 
 g. Publication ; exposure to the publick 
 view and knowledge. 
 
 I am sorry to fwid. it has taken otr, that I have 
 some hand m these papers. _ Pipe's Letters. 
 
 10. Intelligence; information. This is 
 not now in use. 
 
 It ere" from the airs, which the princes and 
 statesahroad received from tlieir ambassadors amJ 
 agents bea*. B<tet>its Hennt \'II. 
 
 11. Musick, whether light «jr serious; 
 sound : air modulated. 
 
 This musick cre^t by me upon the waters, 
 Aliavin;; both their fury and my passion, 
 Witfi its sweet air. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Call in some musick. I have heard, soft airs 
 Can charm our senses, and expel our cares. 
 
 Denham's Sophy. 
 The same <i»rj, which some entertain with most 
 delighti'ul transports, to others are importune. 
 
 GUitvilU^s Scep^i!^ Scienti/ica. 
 Since we ha»-e such a treasury of words, so 
 proper for the »in of musick ; I wonder that, per- 
 sons shosid give so little attention. 
 
 .idtiistfii, Spectatijrt Ho. 406. 
 Borne on the swellin;; noles, our souls aspire ; 
 While solemn airs improve the sacred lire. 
 And angels lean from heav'nto hear. 
 
 Pope's St. C*aUa. 
 —When the soul is sunk with cares. 
 Exalts her in enliv'niitg ain. Ptifts St. CtLCiHa. 
 
 12. Poetry; a song. 
 
 The repeated air 
 Of sad Electra's poet had the pow'r, 
 'To rive th' Athenian walls from ruiu bare. 
 
 Paradise Regained. 
 
 1 3. The mien, or manner, of a person ; 
 the look. 
 
 Her graceful innocence, her ev'ry air. 
 Of ire^turc, or least action, ovcr-aw'd 
 Hik'iualice. Wdtims Paradise Lost. 
 
 For the (Kt of yoath 
 Hopeful and chrerful, in thv blood shall reign 
 A BteUn4:holy d.unp of colif and dry. 
 To weiiih thv spidts down, and last consume 
 The b«Lu of'life. Miltim's Paradise Lust. 
 
 Bat, having the life before us, besides the ex- 
 perience of all they knew ; it is no wonder, to hit 
 some airs aud Ceattires which they have missed. 
 
 Drydeji «m l}raiaatic Pcetry. 
 
 There is something wtmderfully divine, in tfie 
 mirs of this picture. 'Addison on Jtaiy. 
 
 A I R 
 
 Vet shoaW the Graces all iby figures placr. 
 And brcatho an ah dtviiu- un er'ty face. I'^-pe. 
 
 14. An alFectetl or laboureS manner or 
 gesture ; as, a lofty air, a gay air. 
 
 Whom Atwu» follow*, with a fawning air; 
 But vaiu nvichin, and proudly popular. 
 
 Dryd. *£neid, y\. 
 There are of thcic sort of beauties, which last 
 but fur a moment ; as, the diderent airs of an as- 
 sciubly, upun the sight of an unejtj»ectcd and 
 uncommon object; some fxartlcularity of a viulent 
 pasp^ion, some graceful action, a sraJle. a uUnce of 
 an e\e, a disdainful look,, a look of gravity, and 
 a thousand other such Like things. 
 
 Dntiifns Ihtfr<SJb->y. 
 
 Their whole lives were employed, in intrigues 
 
 of state i and ther naturally give themselves airs 
 
 of kin^ and pnuces, of which the ministers of 
 
 other nations arc only the representatives. 
 
 Adcitstjn's Remarki on Itaiif. 
 
 To curl tlieir wa\ing hairs. 
 
 Assist their bluslies. and inspire their atpj. Popf. 
 
 He assumes and aiiect.-i an entire set of ve^^ 
 
 different tfirj: he conceives himself, a bciu^uf'a 
 
 superior nature. Svif't. 
 
 \5. Appe:irance. 
 
 As it was communicated with the atr of a secret, 
 it soon found its way into the world. 
 
 S^ujm's D<id. ('» Rap^i^fthe Ltvk. 
 1 6. [In horseraanship.] .(^irji denote the 
 artilicuJ or practised motions of a ma- 
 naged horse. Chambers. 
 To Air. p. <#. [from the noun aiV.] 
 1. To expose to the air ; to open to the air. 
 The others nuke it, a matter of small commen- 
 dation in itself; if they, who wear it, do nothing 
 eise, but ak- the rubes which their place requiretlT. 
 Hiivkcr, b. V. >$ :;V. 
 Fleas breed principally of straw or mats, where 
 there hath been a liltie moisture ; or the chamber 
 and bed-straw kept clo*e, and not aind. 
 
 Baciyn's .VaruTuJ Histoni, No. &^. 
 We have had, in our time, ex(.*erkence twice or 
 thrice; when, both the judijes that sat upon the 
 jail, and n;»iiit»ers of rho^e rhnt arjeuded tiie busi- 
 ness, or were pre- i ir, and died. 
 'Iherefure, it wo; at y\n such 
 cases) the jail •■*. thev were 
 brought forta. Iiocwm '« Aot. H\st. "Ko. 914. 
 As the ants were airing their provisions one 
 winter, up Cumes a hungry grasshopper to them, 
 and begs a charity. UEorauge's Fabia. 
 Or wicker-baskets weave, or air the CLru. 
 
 Drudcni rirgil. 
 
 i2. To gratify, by enjoying the open air, 
 with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 Nay, stay a little ■ 
 Were vou but riding torth to ah- ifiyanelf. 
 Such parting were too petty. Sh'akcip, CtpaMiae. 
 
 1 ascended the hit;h«'st IiiUs of Ba^at, lu order 
 to pass the rest ofiltc day in medit;*Eiun and 
 prayer. As 1 was here ahntiig miiseif\ on the tops 
 of the mountain:) ; I tell into a protound couteiu- 
 plaEion, on the vaiiity of human Life. 
 
 Addistm Spict. 
 
 3. To air liquors ; to warm tliem, by the 
 fire: a term, used in conversation. 
 
 4. To breed in nests. In this sense, it is 
 derived from aerie, a nest; it is now 
 out of use. 
 
 You may add their busy, danserous, discour- 
 teous, yea and sometimes despitetul stealing, one 
 from another, of the ^■^gi and young ones ; w ho if 
 they were alLwed to'uir nafurally and qcietlv, 
 there would be store sutfic/ent, to kill uot only 1^ 
 partridgrs. but even all the good house-wives' 
 chickens, in the country. 
 
 Vjri^if's Survey of OynuvaiL 
 
 Air-bladder, w. «. [from air and blad 
 
 dcr.] 
 1 . Any cuticle or vesicle, filled with air. 
 
 The pulmonary artery and vein pass along the 
 surfaces of the^se a«r-6ii«ii<i^rs, in an infinite nu-u- 
 ber of nmi/Icationa. ArbutkaiX <m Aliments. 
 
 A I R 
 
 2. The bladder in fislies ; by the contrac- 
 tion and dilatation of which, they vary 
 tlie properties of their weight to that of 
 their bulk, and rise or fall. 
 
 Th- \igh the aa--bladder in fishes seems necessary 
 for iwimmijig, yet some are so formed, as to s»im 
 without it. CudutrrrA. 
 
 Air BVILT. adj. [trom air and build.] 
 Built in tlie air, without any solid foun- 
 dation. 
 
 Hence the foot*s paradise , the statesman's scheme. 
 The air-built castle, and the golden dream, 
 Tlie maid's romantick wish, the chymist's flame. 
 And poet's vision of eternal fame. 
 
 Pi'pe's Ihtncitid, b. iii. 
 
 Air-drawn, adj. [from air and drawn.] 
 Drawn or painted in air: a word not 
 used. 
 
 nris is the verv painting of yuur fear; 
 This is the air^iirincn dagger, which \ y ou said) 
 Led you to Duncan. Shakesp. ilacheth. 
 
 .ViRER. n.s. [from To air.] He, that 
 
 exposes to the air. 
 AiR-GiN. n. s. A gun, charged with air 
 
 instead of powder. 
 .ViR-HOLE. n. s. [from air and hole.} A 
 
 hole to a(hiut the air. 
 .\ IRINESS. n. s. [from fljry.] 
 
 1. Openness ; exposure to the air. 
 
 2. Lightness ; gaiety ; le\ntj-. 
 
 The Freiwrh have indeed taken worthy pains, to 
 make dassick learning speak their language : if 
 ihev !^a^ f r-r-t i-ccei'-cH, it m-,:-r br in;;u::fd to a 
 c- ' i ia 
 
 tt >e- 
 
 d- .. :; .... ....„.:..,, . ; the 
 
 Greeks. ielttn. 
 
 -X'l RING. n. s. [frcan air.] .\ short journey 
 or ramble, to enjoy the free air. 
 
 This little 6eet serves, only to fetch them wine 
 and com, and to give itieir ladies an airimg in the 
 summer season. Addiscm. 
 
 .ViRLESS. adj. [from air.] Wanting caia- 
 munication with the free air. 
 
 Nor stonv to«cr, nor walls of healen brass, 
 NorarW^ss flunseon. nor strong links of iron. 
 Can be retentive to the strength of spirit. 
 
 Shakesp. JuHus C^sar. 
 
 .VlRUNG. n.s. [from fiiV, Cot gayety.] 
 A young, light, thoughtless, gay person. 
 Some more there be, slight airlings, will be won 
 with dogs, and horses, and fterhaps a whore. 
 
 Ben y.*ii.iiwi. 
 
 .A'IR-PUMP. 11. i. [from air and pump.] A 
 machine, by whose means the air is ex- 
 hausted out of proper vessels. The 
 principle, on which it is built, is the 
 elasticity of the air; as tliat, on which 
 the water-pump is founded, is on the 
 gravity of tlie air. The invention of 
 this curious instrument is ascribed to 
 OttodeGuerick, consul of Magdebourg, 
 in \65i: but his machine laboured un- 
 der several defects ; the force, necessary 
 to work it, was verj- great ; and the pro- 
 gress, verj' slow ; it was to be kept un- 
 der water, and allowed of no change of 
 subjects for e.vperiments. .Mr Boyle, 
 with the assistance of Dr. Hooke, re- 
 moved several inconveniencies; though 
 still the working was laborious, by rea- 
 son of the pressure of the atmosphere at 
 everj- exsuction : tiiis labour ha« been 
 since removed, by Mr. ila»ksbce; who 
 
 52
 
 A I S ALA 
 
 I and miBam,i '^'^ ^^'W '" **'.' 
 
 I aff dbe liaiiA ami mnodt l» a 
 saisniaxr iuiui. OMwfc»» 
 
 •JIlR lir :i!it. 'ii •-.■ruui'ilBi' TCt7f"^rT -if or- 
 
 Ihiii 
 
 2!'" 
 
 AllllUll' 11 * 1 
 
 vnP.^: tl nr- w 
 
 1 > , . . : • 
 
 i.iicr iiaii im ui- 
 
 i?.f?*.| A 
 
 Ii* Hr mrti ii- 
 
 I.- ;it»rHn» milt ; 
 
 fxnn vnnitt f-\)»»; 
 
 A- /-.«. I iiif ynmi ly ««•- 
 
 affiasv iiB SB sinnar. 
 
 1# Ass. «. «. IfaoB Sj^Gs. aaA ^Best> 
 
 l,TWfiad a taiAaig www fflwwii ^Bty rf ife 
 ^lAkS^^gwdttJ 'ferns «nmn^ 
 
 JMk wuuutif v.- 
 
 iL' ' tirx A vai& lit 'Cniiiucc 
 
 *•♦,_ -.4. _ .. - " :ttJ«^R:u« 
 
 A LA 
 
 i ■cmnnt SuAku ii B iuDwmH cy *«»«»«——»• 
 
 itafrf*K TEb-s, 'ii Cuiiiun-XfiflKl 
 
 ii L iiu^ ttunanei* ana* if 
 
 will. .MfmtimSfm. 
 
 Aijkij^gaiUfj^t.fTlitwmd'mKammfy 
 tke iin<riiw <if ^CM-i ASw; «■ Ob' 
 
 •JTiu. 
 
 Jiilil... ; . 
 
 r'-f linrt* mior «»te wiw ^iiitW ttjiiW 
 
 , IK ir.i ■. ill*. i.iu> ilir 
 
 rfiiiiiiRr uiit imnv ur-i 
 
 HlBti-mt" •fidiree iin: 
 
 
 It: tu' • i-.-an*-': u* lu 
 
 ■.,1- 
 
 
 
 diuiiri: ^ uu: t aimtii'v'r Himttw 
 
 ■',»' III* 1 ' *: vH 
 
 T'miL 'Jul ^<uiK ji.' 
 
 VUiliismu^ auuiili :auti jirn^ jiu .imi;. 
 
 F 'irp^»- 'Tiiinif r *^irnilt:ii'nr. •-ni*.*»- 
 
 nf& ; oiiV II -WTSh *«ian I 
 
 UlKtL .a. lie 
 
 ..na 
 
 dnae. 
 
 
 "Hn-I 
 
 
 41011 1. 
 
 ftS^'ftiiit imnp. ii^ liutii*-!. n*. r, 
 
 •ttuf. lUiniU'.- in Ill, ,.• ^ 
 
 BtcJL,, at U1* 
 
 f.. Ciair:; !i-r 
 
 ir li.iii*,-* 
 ■^rrtit .lai. 
 
 -1 
 
 ft 
 
 .-v»_'ii H»«T^^-m«>fi, 
 
 tSamtfm 
 
 !Vt 
 
 »_1 
 ■-3 
 
 IE 
 
 Iirt;. «n i 
 
 : ^uvw : HIT -vu
 
 ALA 
 
 God himself is with us, for oiir captain ; and liis 
 priests with sounding trumpets, to cry alarms 
 against you. Chron. xiii. IL'. 
 
 Tlie trumpet's loud clangour 
 
 Excites ns to arms, 
 With shrill not s tif anger. 
 
 And mortal n/arnis. " Driiden. 
 
 Taught by this stroke, renounce the war's a/unns; 
 And learn to tremble, at the name of arms. 
 
 Pope's Iliad. 
 
 2. A cry, or notice of any danger ap- 
 proachin(:f ; as, an alarm of fire. 
 
 3. Anj' tiimiilt or disturbance. 
 
 Crowds of rivals, for thy mother's charms. 
 Thy palace fdl with insults and alarms. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 To Ala'rm. v. a. [from alarm, the noun.] 
 
 1. To call to arms. 
 
 2. To disturb ; as, with tlie approach of 
 an enemy. 
 
 J'he wasp the hive alarms 
 With louder hums, and with unequal arms. 
 
 Addison 
 
 3. To surprise with the apprehension of 
 any danger. 
 
 \\Tien rage mis2;uides me, or ^vhen fear alarms, 
 When pain distresses, or\\hen pleasure charms. 
 
 Tickell. 
 
 4. To disturb in general. 
 
 His son, Cupavo, brush'd the briny flood : 
 Upon his stern, a brawny Centaur stood ; 
 \\ ho heav'd a rock ; and.thrcat'ning still to throw, 
 With lifted hands,a/urm'ri the seas below. Drtjden. 
 
 Ala'rm-bell. 71. s. [from «/«r»j and if//.] 
 
 The bell, tliat is rung at tlie approach 
 
 of an enemy. 
 Th' alarm-bell rings, from our Alhandjra wails ; 
 
 And, from the streets, soiuid drums and atabalies. 
 
 Drijdcn. 
 Ala'rmtng. particip. adj. [from alarm.'] 
 
 Terrifying ; awakening ; surprising ; as, 
 
 an alarming message ; an alarming 
 
 pain. 
 Ala'rmpost. n.s. [from alarm and post.] 
 
 The post or place, appointed to each 
 
 body of men to appear at, when an 
 
 alarm shall happen. 
 Ala'rum. n. s. [corrupted, as it seems, 
 
 from alarm. See Alarm.] 
 
 Now are our brows bound, with victorious 
 wreaths ; 
 Our bruised arms hung up, for monuments ; 
 Our stern alarums chang'a, to merry meetings. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 That Almatro might better hear. 
 She sets a drum at either ear ; 
 And loud or gentle, harsh or sweet. 
 Are but th' alarums, which they beat. Prior. 
 
 To Alarum, v. a. [corrupted from To 
 alarm.] See Alarm. 
 
 Withered murder 
 (Alarum'd by his sentiitel the wolf. 
 Whose howl's his watch) thus, with his stealthv 
 
 pace, 
 Bloves like a ghost. Shakespeare. 
 
 Ala's, interject, [lielas, Fr. ei/lars, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A word expressing lamentation, when 
 we use it of oin'?elves. 
 
 But yet, alusl O but yet, alas! our haps be but 
 hard haps. Sidney. 
 
 Ahs, how little from the grave we claim 1 
 Thou but presev'st a form, and I a name. Pope. 
 
 2. A word of pity, when used of other 
 persons. 
 
 Alas, poor Protheus ! thou hast entertain'd 
 A fo.x, to be the shepherd of thy lambs. Shakesp. 
 
 5. A word of sorrow and concern, when 
 used of tilings. 
 
 A L C 
 
 Thus saith the Lord God; 'Smite witli tliinc 
 
 * hiiiid, and stamp ^vllh thy foot, and siiy Alas! 
 
 * for all tlie evil abominations of the house of 
 
 * Israel,' Ezekid. 
 
 Alas! both for the deed, and for the cause ! 
 
 Milton. 
 Alas', for pity of this bloody field: 
 Piteous indeed must be ; when I, a spirit. 
 Can have so soft a sense of human woes. Driiden. 
 Alas-a-day. ) inltrject. Ah! unhap- 
 Alasthe-dav. /py day! 
 
 Alas-the-day ! I never gave him cause. Shakesp. 
 
 Alas-a-daii! you liave ruined my poor mistress: 
 you have made a pap, in her reputation ; and can 
 you blame her, if she make it up with her husband : 
 
 Coiigreve. 
 
 Alas-the-while. interject. Ah ! unhapy 
 time ! 
 
 All as the sheep, such «as the shepherd's look; 
 For pale and wan he was, alas-thc-uhite ! 
 May seem, helov'd or else some care he took. 
 
 Spejiser. 
 Ala'te. adv, [from a and late.] Lately ; 
 
 no long time ago. 
 Alb 71. s. [alburn^ Lat.] A surplice; a 
 
 white linen vestment, worn by priests. 
 Albe. ) adv. [a coalition of the words 
 Albe'it. j fl// be it so. Slchvur.'] Al- 
 though ; notwithstanding ; though it 
 should be. 
 
 Ne wou'd he suffer sleep once thitherward 
 Avproach, alhe his drowsy den was next. Spenser. 
 Thi;. very tiling is cause sutficient ; why duties, 
 belonging to each kind of virtue (albeit the law of 
 re;iS(in teach them) should notwithstanding be 
 prescribed, even by human law. Hiwker. 
 
 One, whtjse eyes 
 (Albeit, unused to the melting mood) 
 Drop tears as fast, as the Arabian trees 
 Their medicinal gum. Shakesp. 
 
 He, who has a probable belief, that lie shall 
 meet with thieves in such a road, thinks himself to 
 liave reason enough to decline it ; alhcit lie is sure, 
 to sustain some less (though yet considerable) in- 
 convenience, by liis so doing. South's Sermons. 
 
 Albugi'neous. adj. [albugo, Lat.] Re- 
 sembling the white ot" an egg. 
 
 Eggs will freeze In the albugineous part thereof. 
 Broun s Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 T opened it by incision, giving vent, first to an 
 albugineous, then to white concocted matter; ujion 
 which the tumour sunk. Wiseinayi^ Sitrgcrij. 
 
 ALBUGO, n.s. [Lat.] A disease in the 
 eye, by which tlie cornea contracts a 
 whiteness. The same, with hucoma. 
 
 Alburn-colour, n.s. See Auburn. 
 
 A'lcahest. n. s. An Arabick word, to 
 express an universal dissolvent; pre- 
 tended to, by Paracelsus and Helmont. 
 
 Qnincy. 
 
 Alca'id. n. s. [from al, Arab, and "Tpip, 
 the head.] 
 
 1, In Barbary, the ^overnour of a castle. 
 
 Th'alcal^ 
 Shuns me ; and with a grim civility. 
 Bows, and declines my walks. Dri/den. 
 
 2. In Spain, the judge of a city; first in- 
 stituted by the Saracens. Du Catige. 
 
 ALCA'I\\\A. n. s. An Egyptian plant, 
 used in dying ; the leaves making a yel- 
 low, infused in water; and a red, in acid 
 liquors. 
 
 The root of alcanna, though ^reen, will give a 
 red stain. BroKn s Vulgar Errofirs. 
 
 Alchy'mical. adj. [£i-om a Icbi/m}/.] Re- 
 lating to alcliymy; produced by al- 
 chymy. 
 
 The rose-noble, then current for six shillings 
 and eight pence, the alchymists do affirm as an 
 
 A L C 
 
 unwritten verity, was made by projection or rani- 
 tiplieation nlchymicat of Rayni.md Lolly in the 
 tower of Lnndon. " Camden's Uenuiitts. 
 
 Alchy'mically. adv. [from alchymical.] 
 In the manner of an alchymist; by 
 means of alchymy. 
 
 Raymond Lull^- would prove it alchumicallv. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 A'lchyMIST. n. s. [from alclii/mij.] One, 
 who pursues or professes the science of 
 alchymy. 
 
 To solemnize this day, the glorious sun 
 Stays in his course, and plavs the alchitmist; 
 Turning, with splendour of his precious eye, 
 'The meagre cloddy earth to glillcring gold. 
 
 Shake.^p. King John. 
 
 Every alchymist knows, that sold will endure a 
 vehement fire for a long time without any change; 
 and after it has been divided by corrosi\e liquors 
 into invisible parts, yet may presenti3' be prcci[)U 
 tated, so as to appear in its own form. Grew, 
 
 ALCHYMY. n.s. [of a/, Arab, and ;^;ii^ia.] 
 
 1. The more sublime and occult part of 
 chymistry; which proposes, for its ob- 
 ject, the transmutation of metals, and 
 other important operations. 
 
 There is nothing more dangerous, than this de- 
 luding art ; which changeth the meaning of words, 
 as alehymy doth (or would do) the sulistance of 
 metals ; makcth of any thing, what it lislcth : and 
 bringeth, in the end, all truth to nothing. Hooker. 
 
 O he sits high, in all the people's hearts ; 
 And Uiat, which would a[)pear otlence in us 
 His countenance, like richest (dchijiny. 
 Will change to virtue and to worthiness. 
 
 Shake.^. Julius Ctrsar, 
 Compared to this. 
 All honour's miraick ; all wealth, alchymy. Donne, 
 
 2. A kindof mixed metal, used for spoons 
 and kitchen utensils. 
 
 White o/c/iv»7v is made, of pan-brass one potind, 
 and arsenicum three omices ; or alchymy is luade 
 of copper and auripigmentum. 
 
 Bacons Physical Remains. 
 They bid cry. 
 With trumpets regal sound," the great result: 
 Tow-'rds the f«mr winds, four S|)eedv cherubims 
 Put to their mouths the sounding alchymif. 
 By herald's voice explained. Miit. Par. Lost. 
 
 A'LCOHOL. n.s. An Arabick term used 
 by chyniists, for a high rectified dephleg- 
 mated spirit of wine, or for any thing 
 reduced into an impalpable powder. 
 
 Qtiinn/. 
 
 If the same salt shall be reduced into alcohol, 
 as the chymists speak, or an impalpable powder j 
 the ]iarti'cles and intercepted spaces will be ex- 
 tremely lessened. Boyle. 
 
 Sal volatile olcosum will coagulate the serura, 
 on account of the alcohol (orrectilied spirit) which 
 it contains. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Alcoholiz.-v'tion. ti.s. [from alco- 
 holize.] The act of alcoholizing or recti- 
 fying spirits; or of reducing bodies, to 
 an imp-iljjable powder. 
 
 To Alcoholize, v. a [from alcohol.] 
 
 1. To make an alchol; that is, )o rectify 
 spirits, till they are wholly dephleg- 
 mated. 
 
 2. To comminute powder, till it is wholly 
 without roughness. 
 
 A'lcoran. n.s. [al and koran, Arab.] 
 The book of the Mahometan precepts 
 and credenda. 
 
 If this would satisfy the conscience, we might 
 not only take the present covenant, but subscribe 
 to the council of Trent ; yea, and to the Turkish 
 alcnran; and swear, to maintain and defend either 
 of them. Samiderson against the Covenant. 
 
 54
 
 ALE 
 
 Alco'vf.. n. s. [tilcoba, S]ian.] A recess, 
 or jiart of a chamber; separated by an 
 estrade or p.-rtition. and other corres- 
 pondent ornaments ; in which is placed 
 a bed of state, and sometimes seats to 
 entertain company. Trevoux. 
 
 Tlie weaiv'il clwunpion lull'd in soft niroiies. 
 The noblest boast of tliy roniantick grovt-s : 
 Oft, if the muse presage, sliall he be seen 
 Bv Rosamoiida tlectiiig o'er llie green ; 
 111 dreams be hailM bj" heroes' mighty shades. 
 And bear old Cliaucer'warble througli" the glades. 
 
 Tickdl. 
 Deep in a rich alcove the prince was laid. 
 And slept beneath the pompous colonnade. 
 
 Pojic's Odij\'eu. 
 A'lder. n. s. [ainns, Lat ] A tree, ha\ing 
 leaves resembling those of the hazel : 
 the male flowers, or kalkins, are pro 
 duced at remote distances from tlie fruit, 
 on the same tree ; the fruit is squainose, 
 and of a conical figure : the species are, 
 1 . The common or round-leaved alder ; 
 'i. The long leaved alder ; 3. The scarlet 
 alder. These trees delight in a very 
 moist soil: the wood is used by turners; 
 and will endure long, under ground, or 
 in \vater. Miller. 
 
 "Without the grot, a various sylvan scene 
 Appear' (I around, and groves of living green; 
 Poplars and alders ever-quivering play'd. 
 And nodding cypress fonu'd a fragrant shade. 
 
 Pope's Odijsseij. 
 
 Alderli'evest. adj. siiperl. [from aid, 
 
 alder, old, elder, and Here, dear beloved.] 
 
 Most beloved ; which has held the longest 
 
 possession of the heart. 
 
 The mutual confer encc, that my mind hath had 
 (In courtly company, or at my beads) 
 With you, mine atdtrlieiest sovereign, 
 IMakes me the bolder. Sttukesp. Hennj XI. p. ii, 
 A'lder MAN. n .s. [from aid, old, and man.] 
 1. The same, as senator; Cotccll. A go- 
 vernour or niagistr.ite, originallj' (as the 
 name imports^ chosen on account of the 
 experience, which his age had given him. 
 
 Tell him, ' Jlyself, the mavor, and aldermen, 
 * Arc come to have some confVence with his grace.' 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 ^ Though my own aldermen confcrr'd my bays, 
 ^ itting their eternal praise; 
 
 To ine coraii 
 
 TheirfuU-fed heroes, their pacillck jnavrs, 
 Their annual trophies, and their monthly wars. 
 
 Papers Dnnciad. 
 
 •2. In the following passage it is, I think, 
 iraiiroperly used. 
 
 But, if the trumpet's clangour you abhor. 
 And dare not be an alderman of war ; 
 Take to a shop, belnnd a counter lie. Dn)..Tnr.Sat. 
 A'ldkrmAXLY. adv. [from alderman.] 
 Like an alderman ; belonging to an al- 
 derman. 
 
 Uhese, and many more, suffered death, in envy 
 to their virtues aiid superior genius ; which em- 
 boldened them, in exigencies' wanting an alder- 
 mantti discretion, to a'itempt service out of the 
 conmion forms. Saift's Miscellanies 
 
 A'LDERN.<»rf/.[from alder.] >iade of alder. 
 ThenoWern boats first plow'd the ocean. 
 
 ALE. n. s. [eale. Sax.] 
 I . A liquor, made by infusing malt in hot 
 water, and then fermenting the liquor. 
 
 \un must he seeing christenings. Do you look 
 for ale and cakes here, you rude rascals ? " 
 
 Shakcsjieare's Henri) VIll. 
 
 I he fertility of the soil in grain, and its being 
 pot proper for vines, put the Egvptians upon drink- 
 uig u/e, of which they were tile inventors. .■Ir6u!/i. 
 
 ALE 
 
 2. Amerry meeting, used in country places. 
 
 And all the neighbourhood, from old records 
 Of antick proverbs drawn from Whitson lords. 
 And their authorities at wakes and alea, 
 W ith country ]>recedents and old wives tales. 
 We bring you now . Ben Jonson. 
 
 A'lebekry. 7t. s. [from ale smd berrii .] 
 A beverage, made by boiling ale, with 
 spice and sugar, and sops of bread : a 
 «ord, now only used in conversation. 
 Their a/e-fterrie^, cawdles, possets, each one, 
 Syllit)ubs made at the milking pale. 
 But what arecompi.sedof apottjf good ale. Bean. 
 A'le brewer, n. s. [from ale and breiver.] 
 One that professes to brew ale. 
 
 The sunniier-made malt brews ill, and is rlis- 
 liked by most of our ale-hreuers. Mortinter^s Hush. 
 A'le CONNER, n- s. [from ale, and to con.] 
 An officer, in the city of London ; whose 
 business is, to inspect the measures of 
 publick houses. Four of them are 
 chosen (or rechosen) annually, by the 
 coniraon-hall of the city; and, what 
 ever might be their use formerly, their 
 places are now regarded only as sine- 
 cures for decaj-ed citizens. 
 A'LE-cosr. n s. [perhaps from ale and 
 f oj/ks, Lat.] The name of an herb. Diet. 
 Ale'ctryomancy, or Ale'ctoro- 
 MAN'CY. n.s. [a.>.i>il^i;u}», and /.lajlts .] Di- 
 vination by a cock. Diet. 
 A'legar n. s. [from ale, and eager sour.] 
 Sour ale; a kind of acid, made by ale; 
 as vinegar by wine, which has loat its 
 spirit. 
 A'leger. adj. [allegre, Fr. alacris, Lat.] 
 Gay ; cheerful ; sprightly : a word, not 
 now used. 
 
 Cotfee, the rootand leaf betie, and leaf tobacco, 
 of wliicli the Turks are great takers, do all con- 
 dense the spirits, and make them strong and ale- 
 ger. Bacon's Xalural Historii. 
 
 .-Vle-hoof. n. s. [from ale and hoopo, 
 head.] Groundivy ; so called by our 
 Saxon ancestors, as being their chief 
 ingredient in ale. An herb. 
 
 ^/c/N)(i("or groundivy, is, in my opinion, of the 
 most excellent and most general use and virtue, 
 <»f any plants we have among us. Temple. 
 
 A'le-house. «. s. [from ale and Itoime.] 
 A house where ale is publickly sold ; a 
 tipling-house. It is distinguished from 
 a tavern, where they sell wine. 
 
 Thou, most beauteous inn! 
 "NMiy should hard-favtmr'd grief be lodg'd in thee. 
 When triumph is become an ale-house guest ? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 One would tliiuk it should be no easy matter, 
 to bring any man nf sense in love wiili an ale- 
 honse ; indeed of so much sense, as seeing and 
 smelling amounts to; there being such strong en- 
 counters of both, as would quickly send" him 
 packing, did not the love of good fellowsliip re- 
 concile to these nuisances. Stmth. 
 Thee shall each ale-house, thee each gill-house 
 mourn ; 
 And aiisw'ring ginshops sourer sighs return. Pope. 
 A'le-house-keeper. ji. s. [from ale- 
 lioiisc and keeper.] He that keeps ale 
 publickly to sell. 
 
 \ou resemble perfectly the two alehouse-keepers 
 in Holland, who were ."it the same time burgo- 
 masters of tlie town, and ta.xed one another's bills 
 alternately. Lellcr to Suiti. 
 
 A'le-kn IGHT. n. s. [froma/e, andknigli't.] 
 A jjot companion ; a tippler : a word 
 now out of use. 
 
 ALE 
 
 ■I'he old ale-knightt of England were well de- 
 paiiitcd by Hauvdie, in the ale-bouse colours of 
 that time. Camden. 
 
 Ale'mbick. n.s. A vessel, used in dis- 
 tilling ; consisting- of a vessel placed 
 over a fire, in which i.^ contained the sub- 
 stance to be distilled ; and a concave, 
 closely fitted on, into which the fumes 
 arise by tlieheat:this cover has abeakor 
 spout, into which the vapours rise; and 
 by which they pass into a serpentine pipe, 
 which is kept cool b_v making many con- 
 volutions in a tub of water; liere the va- 
 pours are condensed ; and what entered 
 the pipe in ftimes comes out in drops. 
 
 Though water may be rarefied, into invisible 
 vapours; yet it is not changed into air, but only 
 scattered into minute parts; which nieetili" toge- 
 ther in the alentbick, or in the recei\er, do pre- 
 sently return into such water, as they constituted 
 before. " Boyie. 
 
 -•Vle'ngth. adv. [from a for at, and 
 length.] At full length; along; stretched 
 along the ground. 
 
 ALE'RT. adj. [alerte, Fr. perhaps from 
 alacris ; but probablj' from a I'art, ac- 
 cording to art or rule.] 
 
 1. In the military sense, on guard; watch- 
 ful ; vigilant ; ready at a ctill. 
 
 2. In the common sense, brisk ; pert ; petu- 
 lant : smart ; implying some degree of 
 censure and contempt. 
 
 I saw an alert young fellow, that cocked his hat 
 upon a friend of his; and accosted him, 'Well 
 ' Jack, the old prig is dead at last.' Addis. Spec. 
 
 -Alertness, n.s. [from alirt.] The qua- 
 lity of beingalert; sprightliness; pertness 
 
 That alertness and unconcern for matters of 
 common life, a campaign or two would infallibly 
 have given him. Addison, Spectator. 
 
 A'le TASTER, n. s. [from ale, and luster.] 
 An officer appointed in everj- court leet ; 
 and sworn to look to the assize and the 
 goodness of bread, and ale or beer, within 
 the precincts of that lonlship. Courll. 
 -A.'le vat n. s. [from ale and vat ] The 
 
 tub, in which the ale is fermented. 
 
 A'lew. «.«. Clamour; outcry. Not in 
 
 use. Spenser. 
 
 A'le-washed. adj. [from ale and wash.] 
 
 Steeped or soaked in ale; not now in use. 
 
 W hat, a beard of the general's cut, and a horrid 
 
 suit of the camp, will do among foaming battles 
 
 and ale-uMshed wiL>, is wonderful to be tliought 
 
 on. Shakespeare. 
 
 A'LE-'WirE. n. s. [from ale and tvi/e.] A 
 
 woman that keeps an ale-house 
 
 Perhajis he w ill swagger and hector, and 
 threaten to beat and butclieran ale-uife ; ar take 
 the gooils by force, and throw them dow n the bad 
 liulfp':;iice. Su'ilt's Prapcr's Letters. 
 
 A'lex ANDERS, n.s. [smyrnium, Lat.] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 A'lexander's FOOT. n. *. The name of 
 an herb. 
 
 Alexandrine, n.s. .\ kind of verse, 
 borrowed from the French ; first used 
 in a poem, called Alexander. They 
 consist, among the French, of twelve 
 and thirteen syllables, in alternate cou- 
 plets; and, among us, of twelve. 
 
 Our numbers should, for the most part be 
 lyrical. For \ arieiy . or rather w here the m.ije*ty 
 of thought requires' it, thev may be stretched to 
 
 55
 
 A L G 
 
 the Englisli liiToic of five feet, and to llie Frcncli 
 Aleiandrineul six. Vrifdcn. 
 
 Tlii'ii, at tlie last an.l only couplet, frauslit 
 With sonic imincaniii^ iliiiig llicy call a thought ; 
 A needl -ss Aletumirhic ends tile sonii ; 
 That, like a wounded snake, draps its slow length 
 along. Pope's Lssai^ on Cvilic'tsm. 
 
 ALEXiPH-A'tiMlcK. adj. [froin aXt^iu and 
 (pi.eji.a.y.oa.'] That, which drives awaj- 
 poison ; antidotal ; that, which oijposes 
 infection. 
 
 Some antidotal quidity, it may have ; since, not 
 only the hone in the heart, but tlie horn of a deer, 
 h tiU'iiphnrimrk. Browns VugUir Ejrottrs. 
 
 Alexite'rical, or Alexite'kick. adj. 
 [from ci\!^sv] That which drives away 
 poison ; that wliich resists fevers. 
 
 A'lgates. flrfi'. [from al/ and gad: Skin- 
 ner. Gate is the same as via ; and still 
 used for wai/ in the Scottish dialect.] 
 On any term ; everj' way ; now obsolete. 
 
 Nor had the boaster ever risen more. 
 But that Hcnaldo's horse ev'n then down fell ; 
 
 Ajid, with the fall, his leg oppressed so sore; 
 That, for a space, there must he algates dwell. 
 
 Fairftix. 
 
 A'LGEBRA.n. s. [an Arabic word, of un- 
 certain etymology: derived, by some, 
 from Gebcr the philosopher; by some, 
 from gefr, parchment; by others, from 
 ulgchista, a bonesetter ; by !\Ieu'ige from 
 algidhurat, the restitution of things bro- 
 ken.] A peculiar kind of arithmetick; 
 which takes the quantity sought, whether 
 it be a number or a line, or any otlier 
 quantity, as if it were granted ; and, by 
 means of one or more quantities given, 
 proceeds byconspquence, till the quantity 
 (at first only supposed to be known, or at 
 least Slime power thereof) is found to be 
 equal to some quantity or quantities, 
 ■which are known ; and consequently it- 
 self is known. This art was in use anion;; 
 tlie Arabs, long before it came into this 
 part of the world : and they are supposed 
 to have boiTowed it, fiora tlie Persi- 
 ans, and the Persians from the Indians. 
 The first Greek author of als^ebra was 
 Diophantus; who, about the year 800, 
 wrote thirteen books: in 149^, Lucas 
 Pacciolus (or Lucas de Burgos) a corde- 
 lier, printed a treatise of algebr/i in Ita- 
 lian, at Venice : he says, that algebra 
 came originally from the Arabs. After 
 several improvements, by ^'ieta, Ough- 
 tred, lliirriot, Descartes; Sir Lsaac New- 
 ton brought this art to the height, at 
 whicii it still continues. Trev. Cham. 
 It would surely rcqiii e no very profound ^kill 
 in «/^ffiru, to reduce the diiiereiice ofninepeuce 
 tn thirty slillliiigs. Swift. 
 
 Algebra'ick. ) j. rp 17-1 
 
 Algebka'ical. rJ- ^ «^5-f'"-«-] 
 
 1. Relathig to algebra; as, an algebraical 
 treatise 
 
 2. Containing oper.itions of algebra; as, 
 an algbraical computation. 
 
 ALGEBKA'isr. w. s. [from algebia.] A 
 person, that understands oi practises the 
 science of algebra 
 
 When any dead body is found in England, no 
 atgcbrdtst or uucipherer can use more suDtle sup- 
 
 A L I 
 
 positions, tu find the demonstration or cipher; 
 than every iinc<jnccrned person doth, to find the 
 murderers'! Gmnnt's Bills of MortuHtii. 
 
 Confining themselves, to the synllietick and ana- 
 Ivtick nietfiods of geometricians and al'^ehrniits ; 
 tliey have too nuich naiTOwcd the rides ui method, 
 a* t^iongh every thing uere to be treated in matlie- 
 niaticid forms. 11 a (f 5*5 Logick. 
 
 A'LGID. adj. [algidus, Lat.]Cold; chill. 
 
 Dirt. 
 
 Algi'dity. \ti.s, [froni algid,] Chilli- 
 
 A'lgidness. j ness; cold. Diet. 
 
 Algi'fic. adj. [from algor, Lat,] That, 
 which produces cold. Diet. 
 
 A'LGOIL n, s, [Lat.] Extreme cold; 
 chilliness. Diet. 
 
 A'lgorism. 1 n. s. Arabic words ; which 
 
 A'lgorithm. J are used, to imply tlie 
 six operations of arithmetick, or the sci- 
 ence of numbers. Diet* 
 
 AhGo'sE. adj. [from aigor, Lat] Extreme- 
 ly cold ; chill. Diet. 
 
 A LIAS. adv. A Latin word, signifying 
 otherwise; often used in the trials of 
 criminals, whose danger has obliged 
 them to change their names : as, Simson, 
 alias Smith, alias Baker; that is, other- 
 wise Smith, otherivi^e Baker. 
 
 A'lible. adj. [alibilis, Lat.] Nutritive; 
 nourishing ; or that which may be nou- 
 rished. Diet, 
 
 A'LIEN. adj. \alienus, Lat«] 
 
 1 . Foreign, or not of tlie same family or 
 land. 
 
 The mother plant admires the leaves unknown 
 Oi alien trees, and apples not her own. Drydcn. 
 
 From native soil 
 Exil'd by fate, torn from the tender embrace 
 Of his young gniltless progeny, he seeks 
 Inglorious shelter in an alien land. Philips. 
 
 2. Estranged from; not allied to; adverse 
 to: with the particle from, and some- 
 times tOj but improperly. 
 
 To declare my mind to tlie disciples of the fire 
 by a similitude not alien from their profession. 
 
 Boi//e. 
 
 The sentiment, that arises, is. a conviction ofthe 
 
 dejjlorable state of nature, to which sin reduced 
 
 us ; a weak, ignorant creature, alien from God and 
 
 goodness, and a prey to the great destroyer. 
 
 lio^ers's Sermons. 
 
 They encouraged persons and prniciples, alien 
 
 from our relii,'ion and guvemment, in order to 
 
 strengthen their faction. Swiff s Miscellanies. 
 
 A'LIEN. n.$. [alienuSy Lat.] 
 
 1. A foreigner; not a denison; a man of 
 another country or family ; one, not al- 
 lied; a stranger. 
 
 In whomsoever these things arc, the churcli 
 doth acknowledge theiu for Tier children: them 
 only she holdeth fora/ie/jsand strangers, in whom 
 those things are not found. Hooker. 
 
 If it be prov'd against an alien. 
 He seeks the life ot" any citizen ; 
 The party, 'gainst ihe'uhichhe doth contrive, 
 Shall seizeon half his goods. Shak. Mcrch. of Ven. 
 
 The mere Irish were not onl> accounted aliens, 
 but enemies ; so as it w^s no capital offence, to 
 kill them. Sir John Vavies mi Ireland. 
 
 Thy i)lace in council thou hast rudely lost, 
 Wiiich by ihy younger br.>lher is su,:ply'd; 
 .\nd art ulmo'st'aii alien, to the hearts ^ 
 Of all thectnirtand princes of uiy blood. Shakes. 
 
 The lawgiver condemned the' persons, who sat 
 idle in divisions dangerous to the government, as 
 aliens to the communfty, and therefore to be cut 
 otl from it. Addison, Freeholder. 
 
 2. In law. 
 
 A L I 
 
 I An alien is one, born in a strar^^e country, and 
 never enfranchised. A man, bora out of the land, 
 so it be within the limits beytmd the seas, or of 
 English parents out of the 'king's obedience, so 
 tlie parents (at the time of the birth) be of the 
 kiuff s obedience, is nota/ien: if one, born out of 
 the king's allegiance, come and dwell tn England ; 
 his children (it he beget any htre) are not aliens, 
 but denisons. Conell. 
 
 To A'LIEN, V a, [alifTier, Fr. olieno, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make any tiling the property of ano- 
 ther. 
 
 If the son alien lands, and then repurchase tlieni 
 again in fee; the rules of descents are to be ob- 
 served, as if he were tlie ori"inal jmrchaser. 
 
 Hale's History tf Common Law. 
 
 2. To estrange; to turn the mind or affec- 
 tion; to make averse: with from. 
 
 The king w as disquieted, when he found that, 
 the prince was t(»taliy alienedfrom all thoughts of, 
 or inclination to the marriage. Clarendon. 
 
 A'lienable. adj. [from To alienate.} 
 That, of which the property may be 
 transferred. 
 
 Land is alienable, and treasure is transitory ; and 
 both must pass from him, by his own vuluntary act, 
 or by the violence of others, or at least h\ fate. 
 
 Dennis's Letteri, 
 
 ToA'lienate. r. tf. [aliencr, Vr, alieno^ 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To transfer the property of any thing 
 to another. 
 
 I'he countries of the Turks were once Christian, 
 and menihersof the church, and where the golden 
 candlesticks did stand ; tliough now they oe ut- 
 terly aiienated, and no Christians left. Bacon. 
 
 2. To withdraw the heart or affections: 
 with the particle /Vow, where the first 
 possessor is mentioned. 
 
 The manner of men's writing must not aKenate 
 CUT hearts Jrom the truth. Hooker. 
 
 Be it never so true, which we teach the world 
 to believe ; yet, if once their affections begin to be 
 alienated, a small thing persuadeth them to change 
 their opiniuns. Hooker, 
 
 Ilis eyes survey'd the dark idolatries 
 Of alienated Judah. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Any thing, that is apt to disturb the world, and 
 to alienate the alVections of men from one another, 
 such as cross and distasteful humours ; is, either 
 expressly, or by clearconser^uence and deduction, 
 forbidden in the New Testament. Tillotson. 
 
 Her mind was quite alienated, from the honest 
 Castilian ; whom she was taught to took upon, ai 
 a formal old fellow. Addison. 
 
 A'lienate. adj. [alienatusy Lat.] With- 
 drawn from ; stranger to ; with the par- 
 ticle /ro?>i. 
 
 The Whigs are damnably wicked; impatient, 
 for the death ofthe queen ; ready to gratify their 
 ambition and revenge by all desperate methods ; 
 wholly alienate, from truth, law, religion, mercy, 
 conscience, or honuur. Swift's Miscellanies. 
 
 Aliena'tion. n. $, [alicvafio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act, of transfen*ing property. 
 
 This ordinance was, for the maintenance of their 
 lands in their posterity, and for e\eluding all in- 
 novation or alienation "thereof untu strangers. 
 
 Spenser s State ly Ireland. 
 
 God put it into the heart of one of our princes, 
 to give a check to sacrilege. Her successour 
 passed a law, which prevented all future alienationt 
 of the church revenues. Attcrbury. 
 
 Great changes and aUenttti-ms of property have 
 created new aud great dependencies. 
 
 Sw'itt on Athens and Rome. 
 
 2. The state, of being alienated ; as, the 
 state was wasted diu'ing its alienation, 
 
 3. Change of affection. 
 
 56
 
 A L I 
 
 It is left, but in dark memory ; wliat was the 
 
 ground of liis defcctiuu, and the alienation of his 
 
 heart from the kiug. Baom. 
 
 4. Aj)plied to the mind, it means disorder 
 
 of the faculties. 
 
 Sunie tilings are done bv man, though not 
 tlirough outward force and imjmlsion ; thoiiKii 
 notasainst, yet without, their \^ills; as, in alitn- 
 ation^of mind, or any like inevitable utter ab- 
 sence of wit and judgment. Hiwktr. 
 
 Ali'fEROUS. adj. [from ala and ftro, 
 Lat.] Having wings. Diet. 
 
 Ali'geROUS. adj. [aligcr, Lat.] Having 
 wings ; winged. Die/. 
 
 To Ali'gge. 't. a. [from a, and lig to 
 lie down.] To lay ; to allay; to throw 
 down; to subdue: an old word, e\cii 
 in the time of Spenser ; now, wholly 
 forgotten. 
 
 Thomalin, why sitten we so, 
 As weren overwent with woe. 
 
 Upon so fair a morrow ? 
 Tlie joyous lime now nigheth fast. 
 That sdall aligge this hitler blast, 
 And slake tiie winter sorrow. 
 
 Spenser's Pastnruls. 
 
 To Ali'ght. r. n. [alihran. Sax. a/lich- 
 ten, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To come down, and stop. The word 
 implies the idea ot descending ; as, of 
 a bird, froui the wing ; a traveller, from 
 his horse or carriage; and generally, 
 of resting or stopping. 
 
 There ancicut night arriving, did alight 
 From her high weary waine. Fairy Queen. 
 
 There is d/iffft'ted, at vour Mte, 
 A young Venetian. Shakesp. ^lerch. of Venice. 
 Slackness breeds worms ; but the sure traveller. 
 Though he alights sometimes, still goeth on. 
 
 Herbert. 
 ^Vhen marching with his foot, he walks till 
 night ; 
 When » ith his horse, he neyer will alight. 
 
 Denham. 
 When Dedalus, to fly the Cretan shore. 
 His heavy limbs on jointed pinions bore ; 
 To the Ciimean coast, at length he came ; 
 And, here alighting^ built this costly frame. 
 
 Vrifdens JEneid. 
 When he was admonished by h'is subject to 
 descend, he came down (gently, and circling in 
 the air, and singing) to the ground : like a lark, 
 melodious in her mounting, and continuing her 
 song till she alights; still preparing for a higher 
 flight, at her nevt sally. Dryiien. 
 
 Whenfinish'd was the fight. 
 The victors from their lusty steeds alight: 
 Like them, dismounted all the warlike train. 
 
 Druden. 
 Should a spirit of superior rank, a stranger to 
 human nature, alight upon the eartli, what would 
 his notions of us be ? Addison^ Spectati-'r. 
 
 2. It is used al.^o, of any thing thrown or 
 falling; to fall upon. 
 But storms of stones, from the proud temple's 
 height. 
 Pour down ; and, on our batter'd helms, alight. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 Ali'ke. adii. [from a and like.] With re- 
 semblance; without difference ; in the 
 same manner; in the same form. In 
 some expressions, it has the appearance 
 of an adjective, but is always an adverb. 
 The darkness hideth not from thee ; but the 
 ni"ht shineih, as the day ; the darkness and the 
 light are both alike to thee. Psalm c.\xxix. 12. 
 
 >\ illi ihce conversing, I forget all time ; 
 All seasons, and their change, all please alike. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 Riches caimot rescue from the grave, 
 WHiich claims alike the monarch and the slave. 
 
 Drtjden, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A L I 
 
 Let us unite, at least in an eoual zeal, for those 
 capital doctrines ; which we all ei[uallv embrace, 
 anil are alike coiKcrned to maintain. ^ Atterburu. 
 
 Two handmaids wait the tltronc ; aiilie, in 
 place ; 
 But diU'ring far, in figure and in face. Pirjie. 
 
 A'LIMENT. n. s. [alimenlum, Lat.] 
 Nourishment; that, which nourishes; 
 nutriment; focKl. 
 
 New parts are added, to our substance; and. 
 as ue die, we are born, daily; nor can we give 
 an account, how the aliment is [ renared for nu- 
 trition ; or, by what mechanism, it is <li&lributed. 
 Glunville's Scepsis Scientijicti 
 
 All bodies, which (by the animal faculties) can 
 be changed into the fluids and solids of our bodies, 
 are called aliments. In tJie largest sen>e ; bv ati- 
 mtnt, I understand every thing, which a human 
 creature takes in common diet ; as, meat, drink ; 
 and seasoning, as salt, spice, vinegar. Arbuthnoi. 
 
 Alime'ntal. adj. [from aliment] That, 
 Avhich has thc> quality of aliment; that, 
 which nourishes ; that, which feeds. 
 
 The sun, that light imparts to all, receives 
 (From all) his alimental recompense. 
 In humid exhalations. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Except they be watered, from higher regions ; 
 these weeds must lose their alimental sap, iind wi- 
 ther. Broun. 
 
 Th' industrious, when the sun in Leo rides. 
 Forget not, at the foot of every plant. 
 To sink a circling trench, and'daily pour 
 A just supply o( alimental streams. 
 Exhausted sap recruiting. Philips. 
 
 \lime'ntally. at/v. [from alimental.] 
 So, as to serve for nourishment. 
 
 The substance of gold is invincible, bv the 
 powerfullest heat ; and that, not only alimentallu 
 in a substantial mutation, hut also luedicamenlally 
 in any corporeal conversion. 
 
 Brown's I ulgar J^irours. 
 
 .\lime'ntariness. n s. [from alimen- 
 tary.] The quality, of being alimen- 
 tary, or of affording nourishment. Diet. 
 
 Alime'ntary. adj. [from aliment.] 
 
 1 . That, which belongs or relates to ali- 
 ment. 
 
 The solution of tlie aliment by mastication is 
 necessary : without it, the aliment could not be 
 disposed for the changes, which it receives, as it 
 passeth through the alimentary duct. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. That, which has the quality of aliment, 
 or the power of nourishing. 
 
 I do not think that, water supplies animals, or 
 
 even plants, with nourishment ; but serves, for 
 
 a vehicle to the alimentary particles, to convey and 
 
 distribute them to the several parts of the body. 
 
 liayon the Creation. 
 
 Of alimentary roots, some are pulpy and very 
 nutritious ; as, turnips and carrots. These have 
 a fattening quality. ' ' ' 
 
 Alimexta'tion 
 ], 
 
 quality of nourishing 
 2. The state, of being nourished by assi- 
 milation of matter received. 
 Plants do nourish ; inanimate bodies do not : 
 they have aii accretion, but no o(imt'>i(ati.)«. 
 
 Bacon's A'utmu/ Historii. 
 Alimo'nious. adj. [from alimony.] 
 That, which nourishes : a w^ord very 
 little in use. 
 
 The plethora renders us lean, by suppressing 
 our spirits, whereby they are incapacitated, of 
 digesting the ^/inioiiiouj liumours into llesh. 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 ALIMONY, n.s. [alimonia, Lat.] Ali- 
 monif signifies that legal proportion of 
 the husband's estate ; which, by the sen- 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments 
 
 n.s. [trom alitnent.] 
 The power of affording aliment ; the 
 
 A L K 
 
 tence of tlie ecclesiastical court, is al- 
 lowed to the wife for hi r maintenance, 
 upon the account of any separation from 
 him; provided, jt be not caused by her 
 elopement or adultery. Aijlijf'e » Purer g 
 
 lieforc they settled hands ami hearts, 
 Till alimony or death them parts. Hud'thras, 
 
 A'LiguANT. adj [nliquanliis I..;t.] Parts 
 of a number; which, however rejieated, 
 will never make up the nuniljcr exactly; 
 as, 3 is an aliquant of 10; thrice 3 be- 
 in;; 9; and four times 3 making 12. 
 A'liquot. adj. [aliquot, Lat.] Aliquot 
 parts of any number or tpiantity ; such, 
 as will exactly measure it, without any 
 remainder: as, 3 is an aliquot p.irt of 
 12; because, being taken four times, it 
 will just measure it. 
 A'li.sh. adj [from ale.] Resembling ale; 
 having qualities of ale. 
 
 Stirring it, and beating do\^ n the veast, ^ives 
 it the sweet atish taste. Mortimer's Hustiandrv. 
 A'litlre. n. s. [alitura, L;it.] Nourish- 
 ment. Diet, 
 -\li've. adj. [from a and lire.] 
 L In a state of life; not dead. 
 
 Nor well alire, nor wholly dead, they were ; 
 But some faint signs of feeble life appear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 ^Not youthful kings, in battle seiz'd aliie ; 
 Not scornful virgins, who their charms survive. 
 
 P.je. 
 
 2. In a figurative sense, unextingui.shed ; 
 undestroyed; active; in full force. 
 
 Those good and learned men had reasou to 
 wish, that their proceedings uiighi be favoured ; 
 and the good atTection of such, as inclined to- 
 ward them, kejit alire. Hivlar. 
 
 3. Cheeiful; sprightly; full of alacrity. 
 She was not so much alive, the whole day ; if 
 
 she slept more, than six hours. Clarissa 
 
 4. In a popular sense, it is used only to 
 add an emphasis, like the Trench du 
 monde ; as, the best man aliie ; that is, 
 the best, Avith an emphasis. This sense 
 has been long in use, and was oi-^ce ad- 
 mitted into serious writings ; but is now 
 merely ludicrous. 
 
 -•Vnd to those brethren said, rise, rise by-live ; 
 And unto battle do yourselves address : 
 
 For yonder comes'the prowest knight aliit. 
 Prince Arthur, flower of grace and uohiless. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 The Earl of Northumberland, wl.o was the 
 proudest man alive, could n t look u -on tlie de- 
 struction of monarchy with ajiy pleasu*^-. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 John was quick, and understood bu^iuess ; but 
 no man n/tir was more careless, in looking into 
 liis accounts. Arbutknct 
 
 A'lkahest. n. i. A word used first by 
 Para'-elsus, and tidoptetl by his follow- 
 ers, to signify an universal dissolvent ; 
 or liqtior, which has the |)ov.-er of resol- 
 ving all things into their first principles. 
 
 Alkalescent, adj. [from alkali.] That, 
 which lias a tendency to the properties 
 of an alkali. 
 All animal diet is alkalescent *;r aoti-acid. 
 
 Arbuthnot, 
 
 A'LKALI. 71. s. [The word r./kali comes 
 
 from an herb ; called bv ti.e Egyptians, 
 
 kali ; by us, glasswort. 'J'his herb they 
 
 burnt to ashes ; boiletl them in water ; 
 
 I 57
 
 ALL 
 
 and, after having evaporated the water, 
 there remained at the bottom a white 
 salt: this they called sa/ kali, or alkali. 
 It is corrosive ; producing putrefaction 
 ill animal substaiicis, to whicli it is np 
 ph'ed. Arlmthnot on Aliments] Any sub- 
 stance, wiiich, when mingled with acid^ 
 produces effervescence and fermentation. 
 A'lkaline. adj. [from alkali.] That, 
 which has the qualities of alkali. 
 
 Any watery liquor will keep an animal frnni 
 starving very lon^, by (filuting the fluids, and 
 consequently keeping themfroin an (i/Ztn/me stale. 
 People have lived twenty-four days, u|)i.n noth- 
 ing but water. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 To Alkali z ATE. v. a. [from alkali.] To 
 make bodies alkaline, by changing their 
 nature, or by mixing alkalies with them. 
 
 Alka'lizate. adj. [from alkali.] That, 
 which has the ([ualities of alkali ; that, 
 which is impregnated with alkali. 
 
 'i'he odour uf the fixed nitre is virv languid ; 
 but that, which it discovers, beino dissolved in 
 hot water, is difterent, being of kin to that of 
 otlier alkulhiite salts. Boule. 
 
 ^ The colour of violets in their syrup, by acid 
 liquors, turns red; and, by urinous'and uZ/nfenff, 
 turns green. A'ewtnii. 
 
 Alkaliza'tion. n. s. [from alkali.] The 
 act, of alkalizating, or impregnating 
 bodies with alkali. 
 A'lkANF.t. 71. s. [anchusa, Lat.] The 
 nafne of a plant. This plant is a species 
 of biigloss, with a red root; brought 
 from the soul hern parts of France, and 
 used in inedicine. Miller. 
 
 ALKliKENGl. n.s. A medicinal fruit 
 or berry, produced by a plant of the 
 same denomination ; popularly also cal- 
 led ivinler-cherry : the plant bears a 
 near resemblance, to Solanum or Night- 
 shade ; v/hence it is frequently called in 
 Lai in by that name, with tlie addition or 
 epithet of vesicarium. Chambers. 
 
 ALKE' RMES. n. s. In medicine, a 
 term borrowed from the Arabs ; denot- 
 ing a celebrated remedy, of the consis- 
 tence of a confection; whereof the kermes 
 berries are the basis. The other ingre- 
 dients are, pippin cyder, rose-water, su- 
 gar, ambergrease, musk, cinnamon, aloes 
 wood, pearls, and leaf-gold; but the 
 sv.ects are usually omitted. The con- 
 fictio Alkcrmcs is chiefly made at Mont- 
 pellier: the grain, which gives it the 
 deiiomin.ition, is no where found so 
 plentifully, as there. Chambers. 
 
 ALL. adj. [AiW, .Eal, ealle, alle. Sax. oil, 
 Welsh; al, Dutcli ; alle, Germ. Sa®-, 
 Gr.]_ 
 
 1. Being the whole number ; every one. 
 Brutus is an honourable man ; 
 
 So are they all ; all, honourable men. 
 
 Shakes;]}. Julius Casar. 
 To graze the herb all leaving, 
 Devour'd each other. Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 The great encouragement of all, is the assur- 
 ance of a future reward. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Being the whole quantity ; every part. 
 Six days thou shaft labour, and do all thy 
 „ , ""rk- Deut. v. 13. 
 FoliUcal power I take to be a right, of making 
 
 ALL 
 
 laws with penalties; and of employing the force 
 of the communitY, in tlie txccution of such 
 laws, aiu! in the defence of the connuonwealtii ; 
 an(i all tliis, only for the pubhc good. Locke. 
 
 3, The whole quantity, applied to dura- 
 tion of time. 
 
 On those pastures cheerful spring, 
 AH the yL'RT, doth sit and sing ; 
 And rejuicini;, smiles to see, 
 Their green biicks wear his livery. Crashaw. 
 
 4. The whole extent of place. 
 
 Graliano speaks an infinite deal of nothing , — 
 more, than any man in all Venice. 
 
 Sliakcsp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 All. adv, [See ALL, adj.] 
 
 1 . Quite ; completely. 
 
 How is my lo^e alt ready foit'i to come. Spenser. 
 
 Know, "Ronie, that all alune Marcus did fight 
 Within Coriuli gates. Shakesp. CoriotaniiS 
 
 He swore so loud ; 
 ThRt,n//amaz'd, the priest let fall the book. Shuks. 
 
 The Saxons could call a comet, a fixed star ; 
 which is all one, with Stella crinita or comcta. 
 
 Camden s Remains. 
 
 For a larsie conscience is all one, 
 And signifies the same with none. Hudibras. 
 
 Halm, from a silver box distillM around. 
 
 Shall all bedew the roots, and scent the sacred 
 
 ground. Dryden. 
 
 I do not remember, he (any where) mentions 
 cKpressly the title of the first-born; but (all 
 alun;;) J<eeps himself, under the shelter of the 
 indcliiiite term, heir. Locke. 
 
 Justice may be furnished out of fire, as far as 
 her sword goes; and courage may be («//-over) 
 a continued blaze. Addison. 
 
 If e'er the miser durst his farthings spare, 
 He thinly spreads them through the public square: 
 AVhere, all beside the rail, rang'd beggars lie ; 
 And, from each other, catch the doleful cry. Gau. 
 
 2. A Itogether ; wholly ; without any other 
 consideration. 
 
 I am of the temper of most kings ; w]io love, 
 to be hi debt; are all for present monevs no 
 matter how they pay it afterward. Dryden. 
 
 3. Only ; without admission of any thing 
 else. 
 
 ^Vhen I shall w^d ; 
 That lord, whose hand must take my plight, shall 
 
 carry 
 Half my love with him, half my care and duty : 
 Sure, r shall never marry, like my sister, 
 To love my fatlier all. Shakesp. Kiyig Lear. 
 
 4. Although. This sense is truly Teuto- 
 nick, but now obsolete. 
 
 Do you not think, th' accomplislnnent of it 
 Sutficient work for one man's simple head ; 
 All were it, a.s the rest, but simply writ. Spenser, 
 
 5. It is sometimes a word of emphasis; 
 nearly the same with jftsf, 
 
 A shepherd's swain, say, did thee bring ; 
 All as his strayine flock )ie fed : 
 And, when his honour hath thee read. 
 Crave pardon for thy hardy head. Spenser s Pastor. 
 
 6. It was anciently in English, what it is 
 now in the other Teutonick dialects ; a 
 particle of mere enforcement. 
 
 He thought them, sixpence (all) too dear. 
 
 Song in Shakespeare. 
 Tell us, what occasion of import 
 Hath all so long detain'd you, from your wife. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 All. w. s. 
 
 I . The whole ; opposed to part, or nothing. 
 
 And will she yet debase her eyes on me ; 
 On me, whose all not equals Edward's moiety ? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Nought's had, a/fs spent; 
 Where our desire is got, without content. 
 
 Shakespeare's Macbeth. 
 Tlie youth shall study ; and no more engage 
 Their blattering wishes/for uncertain age .- I 
 
 ALL 
 
 No more with fruitless care, and cheated strife. 
 Chase fleeting pleasure through the maze of life ; 
 Finding, the wrelclied all they here can have. 
 But present food, and but a future grave. Friar. 
 Our a// is at stake, and irretrievably lost, if «■« 
 fail of success. AilUistm. 
 
 2. Every thing. 
 
 Then shall we be news-cramm'd.— /!ii the 
 better ; we shall be the more remarkable. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Up, with my tent ; here will I lie to-night : 
 But wdiere, to-morrow ? — Well, a//'sone f?r that. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 All the fitter, Lentulus ; our coming 
 Is not for salutation ; we have bus'ness. 
 
 Ben Jonsim. 
 
 3. That is, even/ thing is the belter, the 
 same, the Jitter. 
 
 Sceptre and powV, thy giving, T assume : 
 And glad, her shall resign ; when, in the end. 
 Thou shalt be (/// in alt, and I in thee, 
 For ever ; and hi me, all whom thou lov'st. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Tbey, that do not keep up this indilVercncy 
 for a// but truth, put coloured spectacles before 
 their eyes, and look through false glasses. Locke. 
 
 4. The phrase and all is of the same kind. 
 Tiicv all fell to work, at the roots of the tree ; 
 
 and leh it so little foot-hold, that the first blast 
 of wind laid it fiat upon the ground ; nest, eagles, 
 and all. L'Estrange. 
 
 A torch, snuff ourf all, goes out in a moment; 
 when dipped in the vajjour. 
 
 .■Irfdiwn's Bemarks on Italy. 
 
 5. All is much used in composition; but, 
 in most instances, it is merely arbitrary ; 
 as, all-ccmmanding. Sometimes the 
 words compounded with it, are fixed and 
 classical ; as, Almightj/. Wjien it is con- 
 nected with a participle, it seems to be 
 a noun; as, all-surrounding ; in other 
 cases an adverb; as, all-accomplished, 
 or coinpletely accomplished. Of these 
 compounds, a small part of those, which 
 may be found, is inserted. 
 
 All'bea'ring. adj. [from a// and Jf ar.] 
 
 That, which bears every thing ; omni- 
 
 parous. 
 
 Thus while he spoke, the sovereign plant he 
 
 drew ; 
 
 Where, on th' all-bearing earth, unmark'd it grew. 
 
 Fape. 
 All-chee'ring. adj. [from all and 
 cheer.] That, which gives gayety and 
 cheerfulness to all. 
 
 Soon, as the all-cheering sun 
 Should, in the farthest east, begin to draw 
 The shady curtains from Aurora s bed. 
 
 Shakespeare: 
 All-comma'nding. adj [from all and 
 command.] Having the sovereignty over 
 all. 
 
 He now sets before them the high and sliining 
 idol of glory, the all-commanding image of bright 
 gold- Raleigh. 
 
 All-composing, adj. [from all and 
 compose.] That, which quiets all men, 
 or every thing. 
 
 Wrapt in enibow'ring shades, Ulysses lies. 
 His woes forgot : but Pallas now adfdrest. 
 To break the bands o( all-composing rest. Pope. 
 
 All-co'nquering. adj. [from all and 
 
 conquer.] That, which subdues every 
 
 thing. 
 
 Second of Satan sprung, all-conquering death ! 
 \\ hat think'st thou of our empire now ? Milton. 
 Allconsu'ming. adj. [from a// and f on- 
 sume.] That, which consumes every 
 thing. 
 
 5S
 
 W. \ n. s. [from all and 
 ws. J lialloii'.'] 
 
 ALL 
 
 By age unbroke : — but aU-coiwimnig care 
 Destroys perhaps the strength, that time would 
 spare. Pupe- 
 
 All-devouring, tidj. [from a// and rf«- 
 vour.] That wliich eats up every thing. 
 
 Secure from llames, from envy's fiercer rage, 
 Destructive var, and aU-iictotn-ini^ age. Fopc. 
 
 All-FOU'rs. n. s. [from «// and four.] 
 Alow game at cards, played by two ; so 
 named, from tlie four particulars by which 
 it is reckoned ; and which, joined i[j the 
 hand of either of the parties, are said to 
 make all/ours. 
 All-HA'il! n.s. [h-om all and liail, for 
 health.] All health ! This is therefore 
 not a compound, though perhaps usu- 
 ally reckoned among them ; a term of 
 salutation. Salve, or salvcte. 
 ■ All hail, ye fields, where constant peace attends ! 
 All hail, ye sacred solitary groves ! 
 All hail, ye books, my true, my real friends. 
 Whose conversation pleases and improves ! 
 
 U'atsh 
 
 All-ha'llow 
 
 Ali^ha'llow 
 
 All saints day ; the first oi November. 
 
 All-HALLOWN. adj. [from all and hal- 
 low, to make holy.] The time, about 
 All saints day. 
 
 Farewell, thou latter sprint; ! farewell, 
 All hallown summer. Shaliespeare's Henry IV. 
 
 All-ha'llowtide. n.s. [SeeALL-HAL- 
 LOWN.] The term, near All saints, or 
 the first of November. 
 
 Cut olf the bough about All-hallmftide, in the 
 bare place ; and set it, in the ground ; aiid it will 
 grow, to be a fair tree in one year. 
 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 
 All-hea'l. n. s. [panax, Lat.] A spe- 
 cies of ironwort; which see. 
 
 All-jud'ging. adj. [from all and 
 judge.] That, which has the sovereign 
 right of judgment. 
 
 I look with honour back. 
 That I detest my wretched self, and curse 
 My past polluted life. A ll-judging Heaven, 
 VVlio knows my crimes, has seen my sorrow for 
 tbem. Roue s Jane Sliore. 
 
 All-KNO'wing. adj. [fromaZ/andAtHou;.] 
 Omniscient ; all-wise. 
 
 Shall wc rejtine, at a little misplaced charity ; 
 we, who could no way foresee the effect ? When 
 an all-knowing, all-wise Being, showers down 
 every day his benefits on the unthankful and un- 
 deserving. Atterburij's Sermons. 
 All-MA'king. adj. [from «// and »»aAv.] 
 That, created all ; omnifick. See All- 
 seeing. 
 All-pow'erful. adj. [from all and 
 potverful.] Almighty ; omnipotent ; pos- 
 sessed of infinite power. 
 
 O all-powe)ful Being ! the least motion of whose 
 will can create or destroy a world ; pity us, the 
 mournful friends of thy distressed servant. Swift. 
 
 All-SAINTS-da'y. n. s. The day, on 
 which there is a general celebration of 
 the saints. The first of November. 
 
 Ali^se'er. n. s. [from alt and sec.] He, 
 that sees or beholds every thing ; he, 
 whose view comprehends all things. 
 
 That liigh All-seer, which I dallied with. 
 Hath turned my feigned prayer on my head ; 
 And giv'n in earnest, what I begg'dln jest. 
 
 Shakes}*. 
 
 All se'eing. adj. [from all and see.] 
 That beholds every thing. 
 
 ALL 
 
 The same First Mover certain bounds has 
 
 How long those perishable forms sliall last : 
 ISur can they last, be>ond the lime, as!>ign'd 
 15v that utl-seehtg and ull-mak'tng mind. Druthn. 
 
 All-souls, n s. 'I'he day, on Avhicli 
 supplications are made for all souls by 
 the church of Rome; the second ot" 
 November. 
 
 That is aU-sonh day, feliows ! Is it not }<— 
 It IS, my lord. — 
 
 AVhy tlien, all-souls day is my body's doomsday. 
 
 bhukf.^p. 
 All-suffi'CIENT. adj, [from ail and 
 sufficient.^ Sufficient to every thing, 
 
 fhe testimonies of God are perfect : tlie testi- 
 monies of God are all-sufficient unto that end, for 
 which they were ^iven. Hooker. 
 
 He can more tlian employ all ou- powers in 
 their ntmost elevation ; for lie is every way per- 
 fect and all-sufficient. Awrts. 
 
 All-wise. adj. [from all and ivist,] 
 Possest of infinite wisdom. 
 
 Tlierc is an infinite, eternal, all-wise mind, go- 
 verning the affairs of the world. South. 
 
 Supreme, all-wise, eternal, potentate ! 
 Sole author, sole disposer, of our fate! Prior. 
 
 ALLANTO'IS, or ALLJNTOIDES. 
 
 n. s. [from aX^a; a gut, and n^©- 
 shape.] The urinary tunick, placed be- 
 tween the amnion and chorion ; which, 
 by the navel and urachtis (or passage, 
 by which the urine is conveyed from 
 the infant in the womb) receives the 
 urine, that comes out of the bladder. 
 
 Quincy. 
 To ALLAY. V. a. [from alloi/er, Fr. to 
 mix one metal with anollier, in order to 
 coinage: it is therefore derived by some, 
 from (i III loi, uccordin"; to law ; the 
 quantity of metals being mixed, accord- 
 ing to law : by others, from attier, to 
 unite; perhaps from allocure, to put to- 
 gether.] 
 
 1 . To mix one metal with another, to make 
 it fitter for coinage. In this sense, most 
 authors preserve the original French or- 
 thography, and write c//«y. See Alloy. 
 
 2. To join any thing to another, so as to 
 abate its predominant qualities. It is 
 used commonly, in a sense contrary to 
 its original meaning ; and is, to make 
 something bad, less bad. To obtund; 
 to repress ; to abate. 
 
 Being brought into the open air, 
 I would allait the burning quality 
 Of tliat fell poison. Skakesp. 
 
 No friendly otlices shall alter or a/Zfiy that ran- 
 cour, that frets in some hellish breasts ; which, 
 upon all occasions, will foam out at its foul mouth 
 in slander and invective. South. 
 
 3. To quiet ; to pacify ; to repress. The 
 word, m this sense, I think not to be de- 
 riTed from the French oltoi/tr ; but to 
 be the English word lai/, with a before 
 it, according to the old form. 
 
 If by your art you have 
 Put the wild waters in this roar, alUiy them. Shakes. 
 
 Allay, n. s. [altoy, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The metal of a baser kind, mixed in 
 coins, to harden tliem, that they maj- 
 wear less, (iold is allayed, with silver 
 and copper ; too carats, to a pound Troy : 
 silver, with copper only : of Avhich 
 eighteen penny-weight is mixed with a 
 
 ALL 
 
 pound. Cowilt thinks the allay is ad- 
 ded, to countervail the charge of coin- 
 ing ; which might have been done, 
 only by making the coin less. 
 Kor fools are stubborn in their way, 
 As coins are hartlen'd by th' alUiy. HudibrM. 
 
 2. Any tiling, which .being added) abates 
 the predominant (jualities of that, with 
 which it is mingled; in the same man- 
 ner, as the admixture of baser metals 
 allays the qualities of the fiist mass. 
 
 JJark colours easily suffer a sensible otlatf, by 
 little scattering light.' Nenions O'ptirki. 
 
 3. Allay, being taken from ba.ser metals, 
 commonly implies something worse than 
 that, with which it is mixed. 
 
 The joy has no allay, of jealousy, Impc, rind 
 fear. lioforrtTnim. 
 
 Alla'yer. n.s. [from fl//a//.] The person 
 or thing, which has the power or quality 
 of allaying. 
 
 Phlegm and pure blood are re; uted albi/crs of 
 acrimony : and Avicen countermands letting 
 blood in cholerick bodies ; because he esteems 
 the l.'lood a fra'nnm bitis, or a bridle of gall, ob- 
 tundtng its acrimony and fiercei.ess. Harvey. 
 
 Alla'yment. u. s. [from allay.] Tliat, 
 which has the power of allaying or 
 abating the force of another. 
 
 If I could temporize with my atlection. 
 Or brew it to a weak and colder fialate ; 
 'i'ho like altayment would I give my grief. Shakesp. 
 
 Allega'tion. n.s. [i'rom allege.] 
 
 1. Affirmation; declaration. 
 
 2. The thing alleged or affirmed. 
 
 Hath he not twit our sovereign lady here 
 With ignominious words, though darkly couchl? 
 As if she had suborned some to swear 
 False allegations, to o'erthrow his state. 
 
 Sfiakespcare's Henry VI. 
 
 3. An excuse; a plea. 
 
 I omitted no means, to be informed of my 
 errours ; and I expect not to be excused in any 
 negligence, on account of youth, want of leisure, 
 or any other idle allegations. 
 
 To ALLE'GE. v. a. [allege, hat.] 
 
 1. To affirm ; to declare; to maintain. 
 
 2. To plead, as an excuse ; or produce, 
 as an argument. 
 
 Surely the jiresent form of ehurch-govemincnt 
 is such, as no law of God. or reason of man, 
 hath hitherto been alleged of force sufficient, to 
 prove they do ill; who, to the utmost of (heir 
 power, withstand tJie alteration thereof. Hooker. 
 
 If we forsake the ways of grace or goodness, 
 we cannot allege any colour oflgnorance, or want 
 of instruction ; w-e cannot say, we have not 
 learned them, or we could not. * Sprat. 
 
 He hath a clear and full view ; and ther« is 
 no more to be alleged, for his better information. 
 
 Alle'geable. adj. [from allege.] That, 
 which may be alleged. 
 
 I'pon this interpretation, all may be solved, 
 that is allegeable against it. Brown's I ulg. Krrourt. 
 
 Alle'gement. n.s. [from aZ/fg-f.] The 
 
 same with allegation. Diet. 
 
 Alle'ger. n.s. [I'ronn allege.] He, that 
 
 alleges. 
 
 The narrative, if we believe it as confidently, 
 as the famous atleger of it (Pamphilio) appears 
 to do, would argue ; that there is no other prin- 
 ciple requisite, than what may result from the 
 luckv mixture of several bodies. Boyle. 
 
 Alle'gi.\nce. n.s. [allegeance,TT.] The 
 tluty of subjects to tlie government. 
 
 I did pluck allegiance from men's hearts. 
 L >iul shcuts and salutations from tbeir inouUis, 
 Even in the presence of tlic crowned king. Shahe^ 
 
 59
 
 ALL 
 
 Wc cIiarLie you, on atlc^iartce to ourselves. 
 
 To hold ytniT slaughtering hands, and keep the 
 
 peace. Sbakeap. 
 
 The huu^e of commons, to whom every day 
 
 petilions are directed by the several counties of 
 
 England, jjrofessing ail alli^giance to them, govern 
 
 absohilely ; the lords concurring, or rather sub- 
 
 mittiuir, to whatsoever is proposed. Clarendmi. 
 
 Ali.e'ci.ANT. adj. [from allege.'] Loyal; 
 
 coiifunnable to the duty of allegiance ; 
 
 a word, not now used. 
 
 For your great graces 
 Heap'd upon me, 'poor undcserver ; I 
 Can ni>thing render, but nihgiant thanks. 
 My pray'rs to heaven for you. 
 
 Slinkesp Henri] VIII. 
 
 Allego'rick. adj. [from allegory.] Mter 
 the manner of an allegory ; not real ; 
 not literal , 
 
 A kingdom they portend thee; but, what 
 
 kingdom. 
 
 Real or iillcgorick, I discern not. Millon. 
 
 Allego'rical. adj. [from allegory.] 
 
 In th - form of an allegory; not real; 
 
 not literal ; mystical. 
 
 When our Saviour said, in an allegorical and 
 mystical sense, ' E.xceptyeeat the flesh of the Son 
 * of Wan, and drink his blood, ye have no life in 
 ' you ;■ the hearers understood him literally and 
 grossly. Eeutleii. 
 
 The epi'het of Apollo for shooting, is capable 
 of two a|ipllcations ; one literal, in respect of the 
 darts and bow, the ensigns of that god ; the other 
 allegorical, in regard to the rays of iTk' sun. Pope. 
 
 Allego'rically. adv. [from allegory.] 
 After an allegorical manner. 
 
 Virgil often makes Iris the messenger of Juno, 
 allf^oricutlii taken for the air. Peacham. 
 
 llie place is to be understood allegoricallii; and, 
 what is thus spoken by a Pha;acian with n'isdom, 
 is (by the Poet) applied to the goddess of it. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Allego'ricalness. n. s. [from allego- 
 rical.] The quality of being allegorical. 
 
 Did. 
 To A'llegorize. v. a. [from allegory ] 
 To turn into allegory; to form an alle- 
 gory ; to take in a sense not literal. 
 
 He hath very wittily allegorized this tree ; al- 
 lowing his supposition of the tree itself to be true. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 As some would allegorise these signs, so others 
 would confine them to the destruction of Jeru- 
 sa'i'in- . Burnet's Theon/. 
 
 An alchymist shall reduce divinity, to the max- 
 ims of his laboratory ; explain morality by sal, 
 suljihur, and mercury ; and allegorize tlic scrip- 
 ture iiself, and the sacred mysteries thereof, into 
 the philosojiher's stone. Locke. 
 
 A'LLK(iORY. n. s. [aWmyo^ia.] A figu- 
 rative discourse; in which something 
 other is intended, than is contained in 
 the words literally taken ; as, wealth is 
 the daug/iler of diligence, and Ike pa- 
 rent of authority. 
 
 Neither must we draw out our allegory too 
 long ; lest either we make ourselves obscure ; or 
 fall into affectation, which is childish. Ben Jonsoii. 
 
 This word nymplia meant nothing else, but 
 (by allegorii) the vegetative humour or moisture, 
 that quickeneth and giveth life to trees and 
 flowers, whereby they grow. Peacham. 
 
 ALLEGRO, n. s. A word, denoting 
 one of the six distinctions of time. It 
 expressf.s a sprightly motion, the quick- 
 
 ■ est of all, except Presto. It originally 
 meant gay, as in Milton. 
 
 ALLELUJAH. n. s. [This word is 
 falsely written for Hallelujah, ij^^n 
 and n^] A word of spiiitual exulta- 
 
 A L L 
 
 tion, used in hymns ; it signifieg, Praise 
 God. 
 
 He will set his tongue, to those pions divine 
 strains; wliicli in;iy be a pr per pra^huiiuin to 
 those alldiijuhs, hchupes eternaliy to sing. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 ALLEMA'NBE n,s. [Ital] A crave 
 kind of musick. Did, 
 
 To ALLE'VIATK. v. a. [a//ero, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make light ; to ease ; to soflen. 
 
 The pains, taken in tlie speculative, will much 
 alleviate lue in describing the practic part. 
 
 Harv&y. 
 
 jMostof the distempers are the effects of abused 
 plenty and hi.\iiry, and must not be charged upon 
 our iVlaker; who (notwithstanding) hath pro- 
 vided excellent medicines, to alleviate those evils, 
 which we bring upon ourselves. Bentley. 
 
 2. To extenuate or soften; as, he alle- 
 viates his fault by an excuse. 
 
 Allevia'tion. w. s. [from aUeviate.~\ 
 
 1. The act, of making light, of allaying, 
 or extenuating. 
 
 All apologies for, and alleviations of, faults, 
 though they are the heights of humanity ; yet 
 they are not the favours, but the duties, of fiiend- 
 shij>. South. 
 
 2. That, by which any pain is eased, or 
 fault extenuated. 
 
 This loss of one-fifth of their income will sit 
 heavy on them, who shall feel it, without the al- 
 leviation of any profit. Locke. 
 
 A'lley. n. s, [allee, Fr.] 
 
 1. A walk in a garden. 
 
 And all within were walks and alleys wide, 
 With footing worn, and leading inward far. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Where alleys are close gravelled, the earth put- 
 teth forth the first year knotgrass, and after spire- 
 grass. Bacons Natural History. 
 
 Yonder alleys green. 
 Our walk at noon, with brauches overgrown. 
 
 Milton. 
 Corue, my fair love! Our morning's task we lose : 
 Some labour, ev'n the easiest life would choose ; 
 Ours is not great ; the danshng bows to crop, 
 Whose too luxuriant growth out alleys sto}>. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 The thriving plants, ignoble broomsticks mude. 
 
 Now sweep those alleys they were born to shade. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A passage in towns, narrower than a 
 street. 
 
 A back friend, a shoulder clapper; one, that 
 commands tlie passages v{ alleys, creeks, and nar- 
 row lands. Shakesp. 
 
 Alli'ance. n 5. [alliance, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The state of connection with another, 
 by confederacy ; a league. In this 
 sense, our histories of Queen Anne men- 
 tion the gra7id alliance. 
 
 2. Relation by marriage. 
 
 A bloody Hymen shall th* alliance join. 
 Between the Trojan and th' Ausonian line. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 3. Relation, by any form of kindred. 
 
 For my father's sake. 
 And for alliance' sali.e, declare the cause 
 My father lost his head. Shakesp. Henrif VI. 
 
 Adrastus soon, with gods averse, shall join 
 In dire alliance with the Theban line ; 
 Thence strile shall rise, and mortal war succeed. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. The act, of forming or contracting 
 relation to another ; the act of making 
 a confederacy. 
 
 Dorset, your son, tliat with a fearful soul 
 Leads discontented stt*ps in foreign soil, 
 This fair alliance quickly shall call home 
 To high promotion*. Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 A L L 
 
 5. The pert-ons allied to each other. 
 
 I «on!a not boast llie greatness of luy father. 
 Bill |ii>int out new alliances to Cato. Addison. 
 Alli'ciency. [a/ticio, Lat. to entice or 
 draw.] The power of attracting any 
 thing ; magnetism ; attraction. 
 
 The feigned central allicienct/ is but a word ; and 
 the iiiaiHier of it, still occult.' Glanville. 
 
 7o A'LLIG.XTE. v. a. [fl/%o, Lat.] To 
 
 tie one thing to another ; to unite. 
 Alli'gation. n. s. [from alligale.] 
 
 1. The act, of tying together ; the state, 
 of being so tieil 
 
 2. The aritlimetical rule, that teaches to 
 adjust the price of compoimds, formed 
 of several iiigretUents of iliflTt-reiU value. 
 
 Alliga'tor. n. s. The crocodile. This 
 name is chiefly used for the crocodile of 
 America ; between which, and that of 
 Africa, naturalists have laid down this 
 difference : that one moves the upper, 
 and tlie other the lower jaw; but this 
 is now known to be chimerical, the 
 lower jaw being equally moved by both. 
 See Crocodile. 
 
 In his needj' shop a tortoise Jinng, 
 An altegator stuird, and other skins 
 Of ill-shap'd fishes. Shahesp. 
 
 Aiofl in rows large poppy-heads were strung, 
 And here a scaly ulligator hung. Chn-th'sDisiviiSiirii. 
 
 .A'lligature. n. s. [from alligcte.] The 
 link or ligature, by which two things 
 are joined together. Diet. 
 
 Alli'son. fi.s. [allido, allisum, [I.at] 
 The act, of striking one thing against 
 another. 
 
 There have not been any islands of note, or 
 considerable extent, torn and cast otT from the 
 continent by earthquakes, or severed from it by 
 the boisterous allision of the sea. Wooduwd. 
 
 .Allitera'tion. n.s. [ad and litera, 
 Lat.] Of what the critics call the alli- 
 teration, or beginning of several words 
 in the same verse with the same letter ; 
 theie are instances, in the oldest and 
 best writers, as, 
 Bebenioth biggest born. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Alloca'tion. n.s. [alloco, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act, of putting one thing to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 2. The admission of an article in reckon- 
 ing, and addition of it to the account. 
 
 3. An allowance, made upon an account : 
 a term, used in the Exchequer. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Allocu'tion. n. s. [allocutio, Lat.] The 
 act of speaking to another. 
 
 Allo'dial. adj. [from allodium.] Held 
 without any acknowledgment of supe- 
 riority; not feudal; independent. 
 
 ALLODIUM, n.s. [A word of very 
 uncertain derivation, but most probably 
 of German original.] A possession, held 
 in absolute independence, without any 
 acknowledgment of a lord paramount : 
 it is opposed to fee, or feudum, which 
 intimates some kind of dependence. 
 There are no allochal lands in England ; 
 all being held, either mediately or imme- 
 diately, of the king. 
 
 60
 
 ALL 
 
 Allo'nok. n. s. [allonge, Fr.] 
 
 1. A pass or thrust with a rapier ; so cal- 
 led from the lengtheniii!; of the space, 
 takin lip by the feiicir. 
 
 2. It is likewise taken for a long rein, 
 when the iiorse is trotted in tlic hand. 
 
 To Allo'o. v. a. [Tliis word is gene- 
 rally spoke /lalho ; and is u-^ed to dogs, 
 when they are incited to ihe chace or 
 battle : it is commonly imagined to come, 
 from the Frencli allons ; perliaps from 
 all lo, look all ; shewing the object.] To 
 set on ; to incite a dog. by crying alluo. 
 
 Alloo thy furious mastitl'; bill liiin vex 
 The iioxi.riis litrd, ami piiiit up'Hi their rars 
 A sad lucMiiciriiil of llieir |iast oHciice. flulips. 
 
 A'lloquy. n.s. [alhiqtiiiiiii, Lai-] The 
 act, of speaking to another ; address ; 
 conversation. Diet. 
 
 To ALLOT. V. a. [from lul.] 
 1 . To distribute by lot. 
 ii. To grant. 
 
 Five days we do allot thee for provision, 
 To sliieid ihec from disasters of the world ; 
 And, on the sixth, to turn thy lialed hack 
 Upon our liiiigdom. Sluihesp. King Lear. 
 
 I shall deserve my fate ; if 1 jufuse 
 That happy hour, which heaven allots to peace. 
 
 Drtiikii. 
 
 ?. To distribute ; to parcel out ; to give 
 each his share. 
 
 Since fame was the only end of all their studies, 
 a man cannot be too scrupulous in allaUiu^ lUem 
 their due portion of it. Valter. 
 
 Allo'tment. n.s. [from «//</.] 
 
 1. That, which is allotted to any one ; the 
 part, the share, the portion, granted. 
 
 There can be no thought of security or quiet in 
 this world, but hi a resignation lo tiic allotments 
 of God and nature. Vy^tran^e. 
 
 Though it is our duty, to submit with patience 
 to more scanty allotments; yet thus much, we may 
 reasonably and lawfully asRof Gi.d. Rogers' sSerm 
 
 2. Part appropriated. 
 
 It is laid-out into a grove, for fruits and shade ; 
 a vineyard ; and an allotment, for olives and herbs. 
 
 Broome. 
 Allo'ttery. n. s. [from allot.] That, 
 which is granted to any partitiilar per- 
 son in a distribution. See Allotment. 
 
 Allow me sucli exercises, as may bccnme a 
 
 fentlenian ; or give me the jioor allottery, my 
 ither left me by testament. Sliakesp. 
 
 To ALLO'VV. I', a. [iilloner, Fr. from 
 allaudare, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To admit ; as, to allow a position • not 
 to contradict; not to o))pose. 
 
 The principles, which all mankind allow for 
 true, are innate ; those, that men of right reason 
 admit, are the prijiciples atloiieil by all mankind. 
 
 J.A>ckc. 
 The pow'r of musick all our hearts allow; 
 And, what Timotheus was, is Dryden now. Pojie. 
 That some of the Presby terians'declarcd openly 
 against the king's murder, I allow to be true. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. To justify ; to maintain, as right. 
 
 The pow'rs above 
 Allow obedience. Shake.^ii. 
 
 The Lord alloweth the righteous. Bible. 
 
 3. To grant; lo yield; to own any one's 
 title to. 
 
 We will not, in civility, olloiv too much sin- 
 cerity to the piofessions of most men ; hut think 
 their actions to be interpreters of their thoughts. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 I shall be ready, to allow the pope as little 
 power here, as you please. Swift. 
 
 4. To grant license to ; to permit. 
 
 A L L 
 
 Let's follow the old carl ; and pet the beldam 
 To lead him where he would ; his roguish m<.<l- 
 
 ness 
 Allows itself to any thing. Sliaktsji. 
 
 But, IIS we wcie allowed of God to be put in 
 trust with the gospel, even so we speak; not as 
 Dhasing men, but God, vihich trieth our hearls. 
 ' '' 1 7'/it.«. ii. 4. 
 
 They referred all laws, that were to he [lassed 
 in Ireland, lo be considered, corrected, and ui- 
 /,^u«; lirst by the state of England. 
 
 Davies on Ireland. 
 
 5. To give a sanction to ; lo authorize. 
 
 There is no slander, in an ullow'd fool. Stiukesp. 
 
 6. To give to ; to pay to. 
 
 Ungrateful then ! if we no tears alktw 
 
 To hiin, that gave us peace and empire too. 
 
 H alUr. 
 
 7. To appoint for ; to set out, to a certain 
 use; as. He allowed his son the third 
 part of his income. 
 
 8. To make abatement, or provision; or to 
 settle any thing, with some concessions 
 or cautions, regarding something else. 
 
 If we consider the dilierent occasions, of ancient 
 and modern medals ; we shall find, they both agree 
 in recording the great actions and successes m 
 war ; (i^ouiH^still for the dift'erenl ways of making 
 it, and the circumstances that attended it. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Allo'wable. adj. [from alloii-.] 
 
 1 . That, which may be admitted without 
 contradiction. 
 
 It is not nllouuhle, what is observable in many 
 pieces of Raj.hael ; where Magdalen is represent- 
 ed before our Saviour, washing his feet on her 
 knees ; which will not consist with the text. 
 
 Brown's \ iilg. Errours 
 
 2. Tliat, which is permitted or licensed; 
 lawful; not forbidden. 
 
 In actions of this sort, ihe light of nature alone 
 may discover that, which is in the sight of God 
 alUiwahle. Hooker. 
 
 I was, by the freedom allowable among tnenus, 
 tempted to vent my thoughts with negligence. 
 
 Boiile. 
 
 Reputation becomes a signal and a very peculiar 
 blessing, lo inai;istrates ; and their pursuit of it is, 
 not only allowable, but laudable. 
 
 Atterhnriis Sermom 
 
 Allo'wableness. n.s. [from (illnv:iliii\] 
 The quality, of being allowable; lawful- 
 ness ; exemption from prohibition. 
 
 Lots, as to their nature, use, and allowabU-ntss. 
 in matters of recreation, are indeed impugned b.% 
 some, though better defended by others. 
 
 Sooth's Sennons. 
 
 AlLo'wance. n. s. [from nHoiv.] 
 
 1. Admission, without contraiHction. 
 That, which wisdom did first bepn. and halli 
 
 been with good men long continued, challengeth 
 allowance of them that succeed, although it plead 
 for itself nothing. Hooker. 
 
 Without tlie notion and allowance of spirits, 
 our philosophy will be lame and defective in one 
 main part of it. ^ Locke. 
 
 2. Sanction; license; authority. 
 
 Yon sent a large commission to conclude 
 (Without Ihe king's will, or the state's olloirancc) 
 A league, between his Highness and Ferrara. 
 
 iAakespcare. 
 
 3. Permission ; freedom from restraint. 
 
 They should therefore be accustomed betiines, 
 to consult and make use of their rea.son, before 
 tliey give allowance to their inclinations. LtKkc. 
 
 4. A settled rate, or appointment for any 
 use. 
 
 The victual in plantations ought to he ex- 
 pended, almost as in a besieged town ; that is, 
 with certain allowance. Bacon. 
 
 And his allowance was a continual alhwam-e 
 given him of the king ; a daily rale, for^ every 
 day all his life. 
 
 2 Kin^s 
 
 A L L 
 
 .5. .Abatement, from the stiict rigour of a 
 law or demand. 
 
 'ihe whole poem, though written in hcroick 
 verse, is of the I'indarick nature: as well iu the 
 Ihouuhl, as the expre sion : and, as such, requires 
 the same grains of allowance lor it. ^ Driiden 
 
 Parents never give allowanca, for an innocent 
 passion. Saiji. 
 
 6. F.stablished characler; repiHation. 
 
 His bark is stoutly tiuiher'd ; and Ids pilot. 
 Of very expert and approv'd u//uu((«fc. Shakerp. 
 
 Alloy, n.s. [.See .Allay.] 
 
 1. Kaser metal, mixed in coinage. 
 
 That precise weight and fineness, by law ap- 
 propriated to ihe pieces of <-ach denomination, 
 IS ended the standard. Fine silver is silver, with- 
 out the mixture of any baser iiielal : Alloii ii 
 baser metal, mixed with it. Locke. 
 
 Ia'I anolher piece be coined of the same weight ; 
 w herein half the silver is laken out, and cupp<'r 
 or other .1//01/ put into the place ; il will be worth, 
 but half as'much : for the value of the alloii is so 
 inconsiderable, as not to be reckoned. Loclx. 
 
 2. Abatement ; diminution. 
 
 The pleasures of sense are jirobably relished, by 
 beasts in a more exquisite degree, than they are 
 by men ; for they taste ihcni sincere and pure, 
 without mixture or alloy. .ittcrburif. 
 
 .\lllbf,'-SCENCY. n. s. [nllubescenlia, 
 Lat.] M illingness ; content. Diet. 
 
 To ALLU'DF. v n. [alliido, Lat.] To 
 ha\e some ref. rence to a thing, without 
 tlie direct mention of it; to hint at; 
 to insinuate. It is used of persons ; as, 
 he aWudei, to an old .slori/ ; or of tilings, 
 as, tilt lampoon alludes to his mother's 
 fiivlts. 
 
 These speeches of Jerom and Chrysostora do 
 seem to allude unto such ministerial garments, as 
 were I hen in use. H»'ker. 
 
 True il is, that many things of this nature be 
 alhtded unto, yea, many things declared. WmAer. 
 Then just proporiions were taken, and erery 
 tl ing placed by weight and measure : and this, 
 I (lo"ubt not, was that artificial structure here ot- 
 Indcd io. Burnet's Vieory. 
 
 Allu'minor. n.s [fl//«win-, Fr. to light.] 
 One, who colours or paints upon paper 
 or parchment ; because he gives graces, 
 light, and ornament, to the letters or 
 figures coloured. Coirell. 
 
 7'<) ALLURE, v.a. [ktircr, Fr. loorcn, 
 Uutdi; hehejien, Sax.] To entice to 
 any thing, whether good or bad ; to 
 dr.-iw towards any thing by enticement. 
 
 I'nto laws, that men make for the benefit of 
 men, it h.ith seemed also needful to add re- 
 wards ; which may more aHiiie unto good, than 
 any hardness detcfrclli from it : and punishments ; 
 wliich may 111. re deter from evil, than any sweet- 
 ness thereto alluretli. Hooker. 
 
 The golden sun, in splendour likest lieav n. 
 .ilhir'd\ns eye. Milton's Paradise Vat. 
 
 Each flatt'ring hope, and each alluring joy. 
 
 Lyttletm. 
 
 .\llv'KE. n. s. [from tlie verb allure.] 
 Something set up, to entice birds (or 
 otlier things) to it. We now write lure. 
 
 The rather to train them to his allure, he told 
 them both often, and with a vehement x-oice, 
 how thev ""ce over-topped and trodden dowji 
 by gentlimen. Hayward. 
 
 -Allurement, n.s. [from a//i/rc] That, 
 which allures, or has the force cf allur- 
 ing ; enticement ; temptation of plea- 
 sure. 
 
 61
 
 ALL 
 
 Against allurement^ custom, and a world 
 Otiended : fearless of reproach and scorn. 
 Or viiilencc. Millm's Paradise Lost. 
 
 —Adam, by liis wife's allurement, fell. 
 
 Paradise Regained. 
 To shun til' allurement, is not hard 
 To minds resolv'd, forewarn'ii, and well prepar'd : 
 But, woud'rous diiticidt, when once beset ; 
 To struggle tlirougli the straits, and break Ih' in- 
 volving net. Driiden. 
 
 Allu'rek. n. s. [(vom allure.] The per- 
 son, tliat allures ; enticer ; inveigler. 
 
 Alluringly, adv. [ii-om a//«;-e.] Inan 
 alluring manner; enticingly. 
 
 Allu'ringness. n. s. [from alluring.] 
 The quality, of alluring or enticing ; 
 invitation ; temptation, by proposing 
 pleasure. 
 
 Allu'sion. n. s. [alluxio, Lat.] That, 
 which is spoken with reference to some- 
 thing, supposed to be already known, 
 and therefore not expressed ; a hint; an 
 implication. It has the particle to. 
 
 Here are manifest allusitms and footsteps of the 
 dissolution of the earth, as it was in the deluge, 
 and will be in its last ruin. Burnett Theory. 
 
 Tiiis last allusion gall'd the Panther more ; 
 
 Because indeed it rvibb'd upon the sore. Dryden. 
 
 Expressions now out of use, allusions to customs 
 
 lost to us, and various jiarticidarities, must needs 
 
 continue several passages in the dark. Loeke. 
 
 Allu'sive. adj. [atludo, nllusum, Lat.] 
 Hinting at someth!ng,not fully expressed. 
 \\ here the expression in one place is plain, 
 and the sense athxed to it agreeable to the proper 
 force of the words, and no negative objection re- 
 cjuires us to depart from it ; and the expression, 
 in the other, is figurative or allusive, and the doc- 
 trine, deduced from it, liable to great objections ; 
 it is reasonable, in this latter place, to restrain the 
 extent of the figure and allusion to a coiisistency 
 with the former. liogers's Sermons 
 
 Allusively, adv. [from allusive.] In an 
 allusive manner ; by implication ; by 
 insinuation. 
 
 The Jewish nation, that rejected and crucified 
 him, within the compass of one generation, were, 
 eccording to his prediction, destroyed by the Ro- 
 mans, and preyed upon by those eagles, {Matt. 
 x\iv. 38.), by which, allusively, are noted the Ro- 
 man armies, whose ensign was the eagle. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Allii'sivenes.s. n. s. [from allusive.] 
 
 The quality of being allusive. 
 Alluvion, n. s. [alluvio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The caiTying of any thing to some- 
 thing else by the motion of the water. 
 
 2. The thing carried by water to some- 
 tiling else. 
 
 The civil law gives the owner of land a riijht 
 (o that increase which arises from alluvion, which 
 is defined, an insensible increment, brought by 
 the water. Cmir/'/. 
 
 Allu'vious. adj. [from alluvion.] That, 
 wliich is carried by water to anotlie. 
 place, and lodged upon something eke. 
 
 To ALLY'. V. a. [allier, Fr.] 
 1. To unite by kindred, friendship, or 
 confederacy. 
 
 All these septs are allied, to the inhabitants of 
 the North ; so, as there is no hope, that tliey will 
 ever serve faithfully against them. 
 
 Spcrser on Ireland. 
 Wants, frailties, passions, closer siill ally 
 The common int'rest, or endear the tye. " Pope. 
 
 To the sun allyd, 
 Frum him they draw the animating fire. Tliomson. 
 
 A L I\I 
 
 2. To make a relation, between two 
 
 things, by similitude, or resemblance, 
 
 or any other means. 
 
 Two lines arc indeed remotely allied to Virgil's 
 sense ; but they are too like the tenderness of 
 Ovid, Drydtn. 
 
 Ally', n. s. [allie, Fr.] One, united by 
 some means of connexion ; as marriage, 
 friendship, confederac}'. 
 
 He in court stood, on his own feet ; for the 
 most of his allies, ratlier leaned upon him, than 
 shored him. Wotton. 
 
 We could hinder the accession of Holland to 
 France ; either as subjects, with great imnnnli- 
 ties for the encouragement of trade ; or as an in- 
 feriour and depcnoent ally, under their protec- 
 tion. Temple. 
 
 ALMACA'NTAR. n.s. [An Arabick 
 word, written variously by various au- 
 thors; by D'Herbelot, a/wiocanfar; by 
 others, iilnmcantar.] A circle, drawn 
 parallel to the horizon. It is generally 
 used in the plural; and means a series 
 of parallel circles, drawn through the 
 several degrees of the meridian. 
 
 A'lmaca'ntar's Staff, n. s. An in- 
 strument, commonly made of pear-tree 
 or box, with an arch of fifteen degrees ; 
 used to take observations of the sun, 
 about the time of its rising and setting, 
 in order to find the amplitude, and con- 
 sequently the variation of the compass. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 .Vlmanack. n. s. [Derived, bj' some, 
 from the Arabick al, and mnmih, Heb. 
 to count or compute; by others, from 
 al, Arabick, and fiij» a month, fiawxo; 
 the course of the months ; by others, 
 from a Teutonick original ; al, and maan 
 the moon, an account of every moon, or 
 month. All of them are probable.] A 
 calendar ; a book, in which the revolu- 
 tions of the seasons, with the return of 
 feasts and fasts, is noted for the ensuing 
 year. 
 
 It will be said, tliis is an almanack for the old 
 year : all hath been well : Spain hath not assailed 
 Ibis kingdom. Bacon. 
 
 This astrologer made his almanack give a tolera- 
 ble account of the weather, by a direct inversion 
 of the common prognosticators. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Beware the woman too, and shun Iter sight, 
 Who in these studies does herself delight ; 
 By w horn a greasy almanack is borne. 
 With often handling, like chaft amber worn. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 I'll have a fasting a/manacfc printed, on pufjiose 
 for her use. Dryden's SpanUh Friar. 
 
 A'L.MAXDfXE.n.s. [Fr. almandinn, 
 Ital.] A ruby, coarser and lighter tlian 
 the oriental, and nearer the colour of the 
 granate. Diet. 
 
 .Al^.ii'ghtiness. n. s. [from almight)/.] 
 Unlimited power; omnipotence; one of 
 the attributes of God. 
 
 It serveth to the world, fir a witness of his 
 almightiness, whom we outwardly honovir with 
 the ehielest of outward things. ' Ilooktr. 
 
 In creating and making existent the world 
 universal, by the absolute act of his own word, 
 God shewed his power and almightiness. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 
 ALU 
 
 In the wilderness, the bittern and the stork, 
 the unicorn and the elk, live upon his provisiims, 
 and revere his power, and feel the forte of his 
 almightiness. Taylor. 
 
 Almi'ohty. adj. [from all and mighti/.] 
 Of unlimited power; omnipotent. 
 
 The Lord apfieared mrto Abraham ; and said 
 unto hini. I aiu the almighty God : walk before 
 me. and be thou perfect. ' dene-^l^, xvii. 1. 
 
 He wills you, in the name of God almi'ohty; 
 That \ou flivest yourself, and lav apart 
 The borrowed glories ; that, by gift of heav'n, 
 By law' of nature and of nations, long 
 To him and to his heirs. Shakesp. 
 
 A'lmond. n.s. [amandjTT. derived by 
 Menage from amandala, a word in low 
 Latin : by others, from Allemand, a 
 Geriuan ; supposing, that almonds come 
 to France from Germany.] The nut of 
 the almond tree, tither sweet or bitter. 
 
 Pound an alnwnd, and the clear white colour 
 will be altered into a dirty one ; and the sweet 
 taste, into an oily one. Locke. 
 
 A'lmond-tree. n.s. [ami/gdalus. hat.] 
 It has leaves and flowers, very like those 
 of the peach tree; but the fruit is lon- 
 ger, and more compressed ; ihe outer 
 grecn coat is thinner and drier when 
 ripe, and the shell is not so rugged. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Like to an almond-tree, mounted high 
 On top of Green Selenis, all alone, 
 \\ ith olossonis brave bedecked daintily ; 
 M'hose tender locks do tremble every one. 
 At every little breath that under heav'n is blown. 
 
 Fairy Qneert 
 
 IVIark well the flow'ring almonds in the wood : 
 If od'rous blooms the bearing branches load, 
 The glebe will answer to the sylvan reign ; 
 Great heats will follow, and large crops of grain. 
 
 iJryden. 
 
 A'lmonds of the throat, or Ton- 
 sils, (called improperly, almonds of the 
 ears) are two round glanils, jjlaced on 
 the sides of the basis of the tongue, un- 
 der the cominon membrane of the fau- 
 ces : each of them h.is a large oval sinus, 
 which opens into the fauces ; and in it 
 are a great number of lesser ones, which 
 discharge themselves through the great 
 sinus of a mucous and slippery matter 
 into the fauces, larynx, and oesophagus, 
 for the moistening and lubricating those 
 parts. ^Vhen the oesophagus muscle 
 acts, it compresses the almonds, and they 
 frequently are the occasion of a sore 
 throat. Qni)ici/. 
 
 The tonsils, ot almonds of the ears, are also fte- 
 queully swelled in the king's evil; which tu- 
 mour liiay be very welt reckoned a s]iccies of it. 
 Wiseman's Surgei'y 
 
 A'lmond-furnace, or A'lman-fue- 
 NACF,. called also the .S«rc^; is a pecu- 
 liar kind of furnace, used in refining, to 
 separate metals from cinders and other 
 foreign substances. Chambers. 
 
 A'lmoner, or A'lmner. n. s. [tleemo- 
 syvarius, Lat.] The officer of a prince, 
 or other person, employed in the distri- 
 bution of charity. 
 
 I enquired for an almoner ; and the general 
 fame has pointed out your reverence, as the wor- 
 thiest man. Dryden. 
 
 62
 
 A L :\r 
 
 Almonry, n. s. [(rom nlmoncr] The 
 placf. wliere the almoner resides, or 
 where the alms are distributed. 
 Almost, ndr. (t'nmi «// and most ; that 
 \s, iiiusl part of nil. Skiiititr.] Nearly; 
 well nijth : in tlie next degree, to the 
 whole, or to universality. 
 
 Who ii there utmost ; whose mind, at some 
 tiiuc or othiT, love or an^er, fear or grief, has 
 not so fastened to some cloc, that it could not 
 turn itself to any other object. Locke. 
 
 TUerv can he' no such thing or notion, as an 
 a/tniwt ii.ttnite ; t ere can he iTotlting next or se- 
 cond, to an oiDiiiptjtcnt God. Benttey's Sermons. 
 
 Atlas liecuines tineijtinl to his freight ; 
 And almost fahits, beneath the glow mg weitrht. 
 
 Addison. 
 ALMS. n. s. [in Saxoi), elmep from 
 eleemosi/na, Lat.] What is given gratui- 
 tously, in relief of the poor. It has no 
 singular. 
 
 iVIy arra'd knees, 
 IVhicb bow'd but in my stirrup, bend like his, 
 That hath received an u(ms. Shak<:sp. 
 
 The poor beL'gar halh a just demand of an o/f/is, 
 from the rich man: who is euiitv of fraud, in- 
 justice, and oppression, if he does not afford relief 
 according to his abilities. Swift. 
 
 Alms-basket n. s. [from alms and bask- 
 et.] The basket, in which provisions are 
 put to be given away. 
 
 There sweepings do as well. 
 As tlie best order'd meal ; 
 For, who the relish of these guests will fit, 
 ^'eeds set them but the alms-basket of wit. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 "WeHI stand up for our properties, was tiie beg- 
 gar's song, that lived upon the alms-basket. 
 
 L'Estnni^e's Fahle.<. 
 A'lmsdeed. It. s. [from alms and deed.] 
 An act of charity ; a charitable git\. 
 
 This woman was full of good works, and alms- 
 d^edSf which she did. -]cf5, ix. Jo. 
 
 Hard-favour'd Richard, where art thou? 
 Thou art trot here : murder is thy aUnsdeed ; 
 Petitioner for blood thou ne'er put'st back. 
 
 ShtikespeaTe. 
 
 A LMS-giver. n. s. [from alms and 
 giver.] He, that gives alms ; he, that 
 supports others by his charily. 
 
 He endowed many religious foundations, and 
 yet was he a great alms-giter in secret ; which 
 shewed, that his works in publick were dedi- 
 cated, rather to God's glory, than his own. Bacon. 
 
 A LMS-HOUSE. n. s. [from alms and house.] 
 A house, devoted to the reception and 
 support of the poor ; an hospital for the 
 poor. 
 
 the way of providing for the clergy by tithes, 
 tlie devise of alms-houses for the poor, and the 
 sorting out of the people into parishes, are mani- 
 *^L'st. Hooker. 
 
 -^nd, to relief of lazars, and weak age 
 Of indigent faint souls past corporal toil, 
 A hundred atms-houscs right well supplied. 
 
 Sliukespeare. 
 
 Many penitents, after the rohbins of temples 
 and otl'icr rapine, build an hospital or a(ms-/ier(Sf , 
 oiit of the ruins of the church, and the spoils of 
 widows and orphans. L'Estrange. 
 
 Behold yon alms-house, neat, but void of stafe ; 
 ^Miere age and want sit smiling at the gate. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Alms-man. n. «. [from alms and tnan.] 
 A man, who lives upon ahns ; who is 
 supported by charity. 
 
 I'll give my jewels, for a set of beads ; 
 JMy gorgeous palace, for a hermilaoe ; 
 BIy gay apparel, for an alms-man's gonn. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Almug-tree. n.s. A tree, mentioned 
 
 in scriptm-e. Of its wood were made 
 
 A L O 
 
 musical instruinents ; and it was used 
 also, in rails, or in a staircase. The 
 Rabbins generally render it coral, others 
 euony, brazil or pine: in the Septua- 
 gint, it is translated vrnvghl wood; 
 and in the Vulgate, Ligria Thyina: 
 but coral could never answer the pur- 
 poses of the almugim; the pine-tree is 
 too common in Judea, to be imported 
 from Ophir; and the Thyinum or ci 
 tron-tree. much esteemed by the an- 
 cients for its fragrance and beauty, came 
 from iNIauritania. By the wood almu- 
 gim, or algumim, or simply gummim, 
 taking al for a kind of article, may be 
 understood oily and gummy sorts of 
 wood ; and particular!}- the trees, w hich 
 produce gum ammoniac, or gum ara- 
 bick ; and is (jjerhaps) the saine, with 
 the Shittim wood mentioned by Moses. 
 
 Calmet. 
 And the navy also of Hiram, that brought gohl 
 from Ophir, brought in from Ophir great plcnty 
 of a/m»g-trccs and precious trees. 
 
 1 Kings, X. 11. 
 
 .Vlnagar, A'lnager, or A'lneger. 
 n. s. [from alnage.] A measurer by the 
 ell : a sworn officer ; whose business 
 formerly was, to inspect the assize of 
 woullen cloth, and to fix the seals ap- 
 pointed upon it for that purpose: but 
 there aie now three officers, belonging 
 to the regulation of cloth-manufactures ; 
 the searcher, measurer, and alneger 
 
 Did. 
 
 A'lnage. n. s. [from aulnage, or au- 
 nage, Fr.] Ell-measure, or rather the 
 measuring by the ell or yard. Did. 
 
 -Vlnight. n.s. [from a// and n/o-A^] 
 -A service, which they i all ainight. is a sreat 
 cake of wax, with the wick in the midst ; where- 
 by it Cometh to pass, that the wick fetcheth the 
 nourishment farther olf. Bacon. 
 
 \'LOES. n. s. [o'^ni^) as it is su))pos- 
 ed.] .\ term, applied to three ditl'erer.t 
 things. 
 
 1. A precious wood, used in tlie East foi- 
 perfumes ; of which the best sort is of 
 higher price, than gold; and was the 
 most valuable present, given by the 
 king of Siara, in l68o, to the king of 
 France : it is called Tambac ; and is the 
 heart, or innermost part, of the aloe free ; 
 the next part to which is called Calem- 
 bac ; which is sometimes imported into 
 Europe, and (though of in fcriour value 
 to the Tambac) is much esteemed : the 
 part, next the bai'k, is termed by the 
 Portuguese Pao d'aquila, or eagle- 
 wood ; but some account the eagle- 
 wood not the ouier part of the Tambac, 
 but another species. Our knowledge of 
 this wood is yet very imperfect. Savari/. 
 
 2. Aloes is a tree, which grows in hot coun- 
 tries, and even in the mountains of Spain. 
 
 3. Aloes is a medicinal juice, extracted, not 
 from the odoriferous, but the common 
 aloes tree ; by cutting the leaves, and ex- 
 posing tlie juice (that drops from tlieni) 
 
 A L O 
 
 to the sun. It is distinguished, intoSoco- 
 torine, and Caballine or horse aloes: the 
 first is so called, from Socotora ; the se- 
 cond, because (being coarser) it ought 
 to be confined to the use of farriers. It 
 is a wann and strong cathartick. 
 ^LOE'TIrAl.. adj. [from fl/uf«.] Consist- 
 ing chiefly of aloes. 
 
 It may be e\rited, by aloetical scammoniate, 
 or acrimonious medicines. Wivmitn'i Surgerit. 
 
 -Aloe'tick. n.s. [from o/ot«.] .Any me- 
 dicine is so called, which chiefl)' consists 
 of aloes. Quill CI/. 
 
 .Alo'ft. adv. [lofftcr, to lift up, Dan. 
 Loft air, Icelundisk : so that alift is, 
 into the air.] On high : above ; in tlie 
 air: a word, used chiefly in poetry. 
 
 For I have read in stt.ries oft. 
 That love has wings, and soars ahjh Suckling. 
 
 Upright he stood ; and bore ahiit his shield. 
 Conspicuous from afar ; and ovtrlook'd the lield. 
 
 Drytien. 
 Alo'ft. prep. Above. 
 
 The great luminary 
 (Alitfi the vulgar constellations thick. 
 That from his lordly eye keep distance dne) 
 Dispenses light from far. Milton's Paradise l.o<i. 
 
 .A 'logy. n. s. [SxcT^.] Unreasonable- 
 ness; absurdit}'. Diet. 
 .Alo'ne. adj. [alleen, Dutch ; from ul 
 
 and een or one, that is, single!] 
 1. Without anotJier. 
 
 The quarrel toucheth none, but ns altme ; 
 Betwixt ourselves let us decide it then. Shahesp. 
 
 If bv a mortal band my father's throne 
 Could" be defended, 'twas by mine alone. Drydcn. 
 
 God, bv whose atone power and conversation 
 we all live, and move, and have our Ix'iag.BtHtleii. 
 '2. Without company ; solitary. 
 
 Kaules we see flv atone ; and they are but sheep, 
 which always herd together. Stdney. 
 
 .4lone, for other creature in this place, 
 Living or lifeless, to be found was none. Milton. 
 I never durst in darkuesss be alone, Dryden. 
 Alo'.ve. adv. 
 
 1. This word is seldom iisetl, but with the 
 word /'/ : if, even then, it be an adverb. 
 It implies sometimes an ironical prohi- 
 bition, forbidding to help a man, who is 
 able to manage the affair hnnself. 
 
 Let us alone, to guard Corioli : 
 If they set down before 's ; 'fore they remove, 
 Bring'up your array. Shakesp. 
 
 Let you" atone, cunning artificer ; 
 See, h'ow his gorget peers above his gown, 
 To tell the people in what d.tiiger he was. BenJon. 
 
 2. To forbear ; to leave undone. 
 
 His client stole it ; but he had better, have let 
 it alone ; for be lost his cause by his jest. Addison. 
 .Alo'ng. adr. [au longue, Fr.] 
 
 1. .At length. 
 
 Some rowl a mighty stone ; some, laid along. 
 iVnd bound with" burning wires, on spokes of 
 wheels are hung. Dryden. 
 
 2. Through any space measured length- 
 wise. 
 
 A firebrand carried aUmg, leaveth a train of 
 light behind it. Bacon's J\^atural History. 
 
 Where Ufens glides along the lowly lands. 
 Or the black w.iter of Pomptina stands. Dryden. 
 
 3. Throughout; in the whole : with all 
 prefixed. 
 
 Solomon, all alon^ in his Proverbs, gives tlie 
 title of fool to a wicRed man. TiV/ot.wn. 
 
 Thev were all along, a cross untoward sort of 
 people. _ South. 
 
 t. Joined with the particle u-Hh ; in com- 
 pany ; joined with.
 
 A L O 
 
 I your comniisMon wL' forthwith dispalcii; 
 Antf iic to England shiill ulong with you. 
 
 Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Hence then ! and Evil j^o idth ihc-c ahng! 
 Thv uti'spring, to the place of evil, Hcii. Milton. 
 
 Religious zeal is subject to an excess, and tu 
 a defect ; when someihlntj is ininL'Ied with it, 
 which it shoulil not have; or, when it wani^ 
 something, that ought to go along uitU it. &priit. 
 
 5. Sometimes with is understood. 
 
 Command ihy slaves: my free-born soul dis- 
 dains 
 A tyrant's curb, and restive breaks the reins. 
 Take this along ; and no dispute shall rise 
 (Though mine the woman) tor my ravish'd jjrize. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 6. Forward; onward. In this sense it is 
 derived from allons, French. 
 
 Come then, my friend ; my genius, come along, 
 Thou master of the poet and" the song ! Pope. 
 
 Alo'ngst, adv, [a corruption, as it 
 seems, from aiofi^,] Along; through the 
 length. 
 
 The Turks did keep strait watch and ward, in 
 all their ports alongst the sea coast. 
 
 Ktiollcs's Historif of the Turks. 
 
 Alo'of. adv. [all off", that is, quite off.] 
 
 1, At a distance; with the particle /row. 
 It generally implies a small distance; 
 such, as is within view or observation. 
 
 Then bade the knight this lady yede a}o(^'. 
 And to an hill lierseU wiilidraw aside ; 
 From whence she might heboid the battle's prou,^^ 
 And else be safe from danger far descried. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 As next in worth, 
 Came singly where he stood, on tlie bare strand ; 
 While tlie promiscuous crowd stood yet aloof'. 
 
 Milton s I'uradise Lost. 
 The noise approaches ; though our palace stood 
 Aloof Jrom streets, encompassed witli a wood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2, Applied to persons; it often insinuates 
 caution and circumspection. 
 
 Turn on the bloody hounds, with heads of 
 steel ; 
 And make the cowards, stand aloof at bay. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Going northwards alotif, as long as they had 
 any doubt of being pursued : at last, when they 
 were out of reach, they turned and cross'd the 
 ocean to Spain. Bacon. 
 
 The king would not, by any means, enter the 
 city ; until he had alonf seen llie cross set up up- 
 on the erealer tower of Granada, whereby it be- 
 came Clirislian ground. Bacon. 
 Two pots stood by a river, one of brass, the 
 other of clay : the water carried them away : 
 the earthen vessel kept aloof from t'other. 
 
 UE.strange's Fables 
 The strong may fight aloof; Ancajus try'd 
 His force too near, and by presuming dy'd. 
 
 Vriidens Fables. 
 
 S, In a figurative sense, it is used to im- 
 port art or cunning in conversation, by 
 ■which a man holds the principal ques- 
 tion at a distance. 
 
 Kor do we fi.id him forward to be sounded ; 
 But with a crafiy madness keeps alonf, 
 When we woulci bring him on to some confession 
 Ol'his true state. Shahesp. Hamlbt. 
 
 4. It is used metaphorically of persons, 
 that will not be seen in a design. 
 
 It is necessary, the fjueen join : for, if she stand 
 aloof there will be still suspicions ; it being a re- 
 ceived opinion, that siie hathagreat interest in 
 the king s favour and power. Suckling. 
 
 5. It is applied to things, not properly 
 
 belonging to each other. 
 
 Love's not love, 
 WHien it is mingled with regards, that stand 
 AU>vffwm th* entire point. Shahesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Alo'ud. adv. [from a and loud.] Loudly ; 
 with a strong voice ; with a great noise. 
 
 A L S 
 
 Strangled Iio lies ! ^'et seems to cr^' tihudf 
 To wjrn lliu mighty, and instruct llie proud j 
 That of tlie great, neglecting to be just, 
 Heav'n iu a luuiucnt maJtes au heap of dust. 
 
 Wiiller. 
 
 I'licn heav'u's high monarch thund'red tlirice 
 
 aloitd, 
 
 And thrice he sltook aloft a golden cloud. Dryden. 
 
 Alo'w. adv. [from a and low.^ In a low 
 
 place; not aloft. 
 
 And now alow, and now aloft they fly, 
 As borne through air; and seem to touch tlic 
 sky. Drtideu. 
 
 ALPHA, n. s. The first letter in the 
 Greek alphabet, answering to our A ; 
 therefore used to signify tlie first. 
 
 I am alpha and onicga, the begiiniing and the 
 ending, saith the Lord ; which is, and which was, 
 and \vliich is to come, the Almighty, lievdathvis. 
 
 A'LPH.ABET. n. s. [from aXpa alpha, 
 and jS?Ti» bifa, the two first letters of 
 the Greeks.] The order of the letters, or 
 elements of speech. 
 
 Thou shalt not sigh. 
 Nor wink, nor nod, nor kneel, nor make a sign ; 
 But I of these will rest an alphabet, 
 And by still practice learn to know th^' meaning. 
 
 Shakesptatx. 
 The letters of the alphabet, formed by the seve- 
 ral motions of the mouth ; and the great variety 
 of syllables, composed of letters, and formed willi 
 almost eqiial velocity ; and the endless number of 
 words, capable of being framed out of the alpha- 
 bet, either of more syllables or of one, are won- 
 derful. Holder. 
 
 Taught by their nurses, little children get 
 This saying, sooner than their alphabet. 
 
 Dri/d-jun. Jue. 
 
 To A'lphabet. v. a. [from alphabet, 
 
 noun.] To range in the order of the 
 
 alphabet. 
 
 Alphabe'tical. ■)««//. [from alphabet; 
 
 Alphabe'tick. 5 alphabetique, !•>.] In 
 
 the order of the alphabet; according to 
 
 the series of letters. 
 
 I have digested, in an alphabetical order, all the 
 counties, corporations, and boroughs iu Great- 
 IJritain, with their respective tempers. Huijt. 
 
 Alphabe'tically. adv. [from alpha- 
 betical.] In an alphabetical manner; 
 according to the order of the letters. 
 
 I had once in my thoughts, to contrive a gram- 
 mar, more llian I" can now comprise iii shoit 
 hints ; and a dictionary, alphaheticallu containing 
 the words of the language, which the deaf ]icr- 
 son is to learn. Holder's Elements oj Speech. 
 
 Alre'ady. adv. [from all and rcadi/.] 
 At this present time, or at some time 
 past ; opposed to futurity ; as, fVill he 
 come sovii? He is here already. Jl'ill 
 it be done? It has been done already. 
 
 Touching our Muiformity ; that, which hath 
 been already answered, may serve for answer. 
 
 Hooker. 
 You warn'd me still, of loving two ; 
 Can I love him, already loving you .' 
 
 JJriiden's Indian Emjjeror. 
 See, the guards from yon far eastern hill 
 Alreadu n^ove, no longer slay' attord ; 
 High iir the air they wave the tiaming sword. 
 Your signal to depart. Drydeiis State (^ Innocence. 
 Methl.ds for the advancement of piety are in 
 the p.)wer of a prince, limited like ours, by a 
 strict execution of the law s already in force. Su-i/i. 
 
 .Melbinks, atreaih) I your tears survey ; 
 Alrrnilu hear, the horrid things they say ; 
 yl/reat/y see you, a degraded toast; 
 And all your honour, in a whisper lost I Pope. 
 
 .\ls. adv. [(//j. Dutch.] Also; likewise: 
 a word, now out of use. 
 
 Sad remcnibrancc now the prince amoves. 
 With fresh desire his voyage to pursue ; 
 AU Una carn'd her travel to renew. Fairy Queett. 
 
 ALT 
 
 A'lso. adv. [from c.ll and so.] 
 
 1 . In the .same manner ; likewise. 
 
 In these tv\cs no doubt, are contained the 
 causes of the great deluge ; as according to ftloses, 
 so also according to necessity : for our world 
 aitords no other treasures of water. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 2. Also is sometimes nearly the same with 
 and, and only conjoins the members of 
 the sentence. 
 
 God do so to me, and more also. 
 
 1 Samuel, xiv. 44 
 A'ltak. n. s. [uliare, Lat. It is observed 
 by Junius, that tlie word altar is re- 
 ceived, with Christianity, in all the Eu- 
 ropean languages ; and that altare is 
 used by one of tlie Fathers, as appro- 
 priatetl to the Christian worship, in op- 
 position to the arte of gentilism.] 
 
 1. The place, where offerings to heaven 
 are laid. 
 
 The goddess of the nuptial bed, 
 Tir'd with her vain devotions for the dead, 
 Resolv'd the tainted hand slumld be repeli'd ; 
 Which incense otier'd, and her altar held. Dryd. 
 
 2. The table in Christian churches, where 
 the communion is administered. 
 
 Her grace rose; and, with modest paces. 
 Came to the altar ; where she kueel'd, and saint- 
 like 
 Cast her fair eyes to heav'n, and pray'd devoutly. 
 
 Shakc'ipeare, 
 
 A'ltarage. n. s. [altaragjum, Lat.] An 
 emolument, arising to the priest from 
 oblations, through the means of the 
 altar. Ai/liffe's Parergon. 
 
 A'ltar-cloth. n. s. [from altar and 
 cloth,] The cloth, thrown over the altar 
 in churches. -.. 
 
 I should set down the wealth, books, hangings, 
 and altar-cloths which our kings gave this abbey. 
 Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 To ALTER. V. a. [alterer, Fr. from 
 
 alter, Lat.] 
 I. To change; to make otherwise than it 
 is. To alter seems more properly to 
 imply a change, made only in some 
 part of a thing; as, to fl//fr a writing, 
 may be, to blot or interpolate it: to 
 change it, ma}' be, to substitute another 
 in its place. With from and te ; as, her 
 face is altered Ji om pale to red. 
 
 Do you note. 
 How much her grace is alier'd on the sudden ? 
 How long her face is drawn? how pale she looks, 
 And of ail earthly cold ? Shakesp. Henry VUI. 
 Acts, appropriated to the worsliip of God by 
 his own appointment, must continue so, till him- 
 self halh otherwise declared ; for, who dares alter, 
 what God h:iih appointed ? Stillingfleet. 
 
 2. To take off, from a persuasion, prac- 
 tice, or sect. 
 
 For the way of writing (lays in verse, I find 
 it troublesome" and slow : but 1 am no way altered, 
 from my opi/ilou of it ; at least with any reasons, 
 which Iwve opposed it. Dryden. 
 
 To ALTER. V. n. To become otherwise, 
 than it was ; as, the weather alters/ron» 
 bright to cloudy. 
 
 A'l rERAP.LE. adj. [from alter ; alterable, 
 Fr ] Thi'.t, which may be altered or 
 changed by someihiiig else; distinct 
 from changeable, or that, which changes, 
 or may change itself. 
 
 ' 64
 
 ALT 
 
 That oherahle respects are realities in nature, 
 will never be admitted by a considerate disceriier. 
 
 GlanvlUe 
 
 Out condition in this world is mutable and un- 
 certain, altcrahle by a thousand accidents, which 
 we canntilhei foresee nor prevent. Holers. 
 
 I wish they h.id been more cle:tr in their direc- 
 tions upon lliat niiiibty point, Wlietlier the settle- 
 ment of the succession in the House of Hanover 
 be alterable, or no ? Swijt. 
 
 A'lterableness. n.s. [from alterable,'] 
 The quality of being alterable, or ad- 
 mitting change from external causes. 
 
 A'lterably. adv. \^vom alter able, 1 In 
 such a manner as may be altered. 
 
 A'lterage. n. $. [from alo,'] The breed- 
 ing, nourishing, or fostering of a child. 
 
 In Ireland they put their children to fosterers : 
 the rich sell, the meaner sort buying the altera^e 
 of their children ; and the reason is, because, ni 
 the opininnofthe people, fostering has always 
 been a stronger alliance than blood. 
 
 Sir John Davies an Ireland. 
 
 Alterant, adj. [alterant , Fr.] That 
 
 which has the power of producing 
 
 changes in any thing. 
 
 And whether the body be alterant or altered, 
 evermore a perception precedeth operation ; for 
 else all bodies would be alike one to another. 
 
 B(Kon. 
 
 Altera'tion. n,s, \^Qxa alter \ altera- 
 tion^ Fr.] 
 
 1, The act of altering or changing. 
 
 Alteration f tiiough it be from worse to better, 
 hath in it inconveniences, and those weighty. 
 
 Booker. 
 
 2. The change made. 
 
 Why may we not presume, that God doth even 
 call for snch change or alteration, as the very con- 
 dition of things themselves doth make necessary ? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 So he, with difficulty and labour hard, 
 Mov'd on : 
 
 But he once past, soon after, when man fell. 
 Strange a/(era(Jon/ Sin. and Death, amain 
 Following his track (such was the will of heav'n !) 
 Pav'd after him a broad and beaten way. 'Milton. 
 
 No other alteration will satisfy ; nor this neither, 
 very long, without an utter abolition of all order. 
 
 South. 
 
 Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the 
 sons of those who had been slaves; by which, 
 and succeedint; alterations, that council degene- 
 rated into a must corrupt body. Swift. 
 
 A'lterative. adj. [from alter.] 
 
 Medicines called alterative, are such as have no 
 imniediMte sensible oprration, but gradually gain 
 upon the constitution, by changing tt)e humours 
 from a stiite of distemperature to health. They 
 are opposed to evacuajits, Qnincij. 
 
 When there is an eruption of humour in aiiv 
 part, it is not cured merely b}' outward applica- 
 tions, but by such alterative medicines as purify 
 the blw>d. Governm. tf the Tongue. 
 
 Alterca'tion, n. s. [altercation, Fr. 
 from altercor, Lat.] Debate; contro- 
 versy ; wrangle. 
 
 B}' this hot pursuit of lower controversies 
 amonsrst men pnift-ssing reli£;ion, and ajireeing in 
 the principal fouudatinns therruf, they conceive 
 hopi.iliat, about the hi-jher principles theui'^elves, 
 tiiiie w-ill cause altercation ti) grow. Hooker. 
 
 f heir whole life was little else than a perpetual 
 wrangling and a/terrulitm ; and that, many times, 
 raiher f(ir victory ,tnd ostentation of wit, than a 
 sober and serious search of truth. 
 
 Hakeu'ili on Providence. 
 
 Alte'rn. adj, [alleinus, Lat.] Acting 
 by turns, in succession each to the other. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 ALT 
 
 And God made two great liglits, great for their 
 use 
 To man ; the sreater to have rule bv day. 
 The less bj nisht, altern. Milton. 
 
 Alte'rnacy. n. s. [from alternate.'] Ac- 
 tion performed by turns. 
 
 ALTERNATE, allj. [alterntts, Lat.] Be- 
 injT by turns ; one after another ; reci- 
 procal. 
 
 Friendship consists properly in mutu.il offices, 
 and a generous strife in alternate acts of kindness. 
 
 South. 
 Hear how Tiniotheus' various lays surprise, 
 And bid a/!erna(e passions fitll and rise! 
 While, at each cliaiige, the son of Lybian Jove 
 Now burns witli glory, and then melts with love. 
 
 }'ope. 
 
 Alte'RNATE angles, [in geometry] are 
 the internal angles made by a line cut- 
 ting two parallels, and lying on the op- 
 posite sides of the cutting line ; the one 
 below the first parallel, and the other 
 above the second. 
 
 Alte'RNATE. 71. s. [{rom alternate, adj.] 
 That which happens alternately ; vicis- 
 situde. 
 
 And rais'din pleasure, or repos'd in ease, 
 Grateful alternates of substantial peace. 
 They bless the long nocturnal influence shed 
 On the crown'd goblet, and the genial bed. Prior. 
 
 To Alte'RNATE. v. a. [alterno, Lat.] 
 
 1. To perform alternately. 
 
 Those who, in their course, 
 IMelodious hymns about the sovVeign throne 
 Alternate all iiiglit hmg. Milt^vi. 
 
 2. To change one thing for another reci- 
 procally. 
 
 The most high God, in all things appertaining 
 unto this life, for sundry w-ise ends, alternates the 
 disposiiioii of good and evil. Greiv. 
 
 Alte'rn ately. adv. [from alternate.] 
 In reciprocal succession, so that each 
 shall be succeeded by that which it suc- 
 ceeds, as light follows darkness, and 
 darkness follows light. 
 
 The princess Melesinda, bath'd in tears, 
 And toss'd alternately with hopes and fears. 
 Would learn from you the fortunes of her lord. 
 
 DruJen. 
 
 Unhappy man ! whom sorrow thus and rage 
 
 To difl'creiit ills alternately eng.ige. Prior. 
 
 The rays of light are, by some cause or olher, 
 
 alternately disposed to be lefiectcd or refracted for 
 
 many vicissitudes. Neicton. 
 
 Alte'rnateness. n.s. [from alternate.] 
 
 The quality of being alternate, or of 
 
 happening in reciprocal succession. i)/c^. 
 
 Alterna'tion. n. s. [from alternate.] 
 
 The reciprocal succession of things. 
 
 The one would be oppressed with constant 
 heat, the other with insufferable ci'ld ; and so the 
 defect of alternation would utterly iiupuL'n the 
 generation of all things. Brnicn. 
 
 \LTE'R'SATl\E.n.s[allentati/, Fr.] The 
 
 given choice of two things ; so that if one 
 
 be rejected, the other must be taken. 
 
 A strange alternative 
 
 Must ladies have a doctor, or a dance ? Young. 
 
 Alternatively. adi\ [from alterna- 
 tive.] In alternate manner; by turns ; 
 reciprocally. 
 
 An appeal alternatirely made may be tolerated 
 by the civil law as valid^ AylijJe'sParei-gon. 
 
 Alte'rn ATI YEN ESS. ti.s. [fvom alterna- 
 tive.] The quality or state of being al- 
 ternative; reciprocation. Diet, 
 
 ALT 
 
 Alte'rnity. n. «. [from altern] Reci- 
 procal succession ; vicissitude ; turn ; 
 mutual change of one thing for another ; 
 reciprocation. 
 
 'I'hey imagine, that an animal of the vastest di- 
 mcnsifuis, and longest duration, should live in a 
 continual niolic)M, without the alternity and vicis- 
 situde of rest, whereby all other aiiim .Is continue. 
 BriMiji'l lu/^. K^rt^nT^. 
 
 Altho'ugH. conj. [from all and though. 
 
 See Though.] Notwithstanding; how- 
 ever it may be granted ; however it may 
 
 be that. 
 We all know, that many things are believed, 
 
 although they be intricate, obscure, art'l dark : 
 although they exceed the reach and cajiacity of 
 our wits ; yea, although in this world ihey be no 
 way possible to be understood. Hooker. 
 
 Ale the gold of Frai.ce did not seduce. 
 Although f ditl admit it as a motive 
 The sooner to effect what 1 intended. Shahesp, 
 
 The stress must be laid upon a majority ; with - 
 out which the laws would be of little weight, al- 
 tho'gh they be good additional securities. Swift. 
 
 A'ltigrade. adj. [from alius and irra- 
 dior, Lat.] Rising on high. Diet. 
 
 -Alti'loquence. n. s. [alius and loquor, 
 Lat.] High speech ; pompous language. 
 
 Alti'metry. n. s. [allimetria, Lat. from 
 altus and ij-it^c] The art of taking or 
 measuring altitudes or heights, whether 
 accessible or inaccessible, generally per- 
 formed by a quadrant. 
 
 Alti'sonant. I arf/. [allisonus, Lat.] 
 
 Altisonous. J High sounding; pom- 
 pous or lofty in sound. Diet. 
 
 A'ltitude. n.s. [altitude, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Height of place ; space measured up- 
 ward. 
 
 leu masts attach'd make not the altitude. 
 Which thou hast perpendicularly fall'n. Shakesp. 
 
 Some define the perpendicular altitude of the 
 highest mountains to be four iuile.s; others but 
 lifteen furlongs. Brcitlt. 
 
 She shines above, we know, but in what place. 
 How near the throne, and heav'n's imperial face, 
 By our weak ()ptick5 is bvit vainly guess'd j 
 Distance and altitude conceal the rest. Dryd. 
 
 2. The elevation of any of the heavenly 
 bodies above the horizon. 
 
 Even unto the latitude of fifty-two, the efficacy 
 thereof is not much considerable, whether we 
 consider its ascent, meridian, altitude, or abi>de 
 above the horizon. Brown's Vulg. Er. 
 
 Has not a poet more virtues and vices within 
 his circle, cannot he observe them and their in- 
 fluences in their oppositions and conjunctioiis, in 
 their altitudes and depressions ? Hymer. 
 
 3. Situation with regard to lower things. 
 Those meuibers which are pairs, stand by one 
 
 anotlier in e>}ual altitude, and answer on eacit side 
 one to another. Rav, 
 
 4. Height of excellence ; superiority. 
 
 Your altitude otfends the eyes 
 Of those who want the powei- to rise. Suiji. 
 
 5. Height of degree; highest point. 
 
 He dill it to please his tuulher, and to be partly 
 pr^iud ; which he is, even to the altitude of hTs 
 virtue. ^ake^. 
 
 Al.Tl VOLANT, adj. [allitolans, Lat. alius 
 ant] volo.] High flying. Diet. 
 
 A'ltogether. adv. [from all and toge- 
 ther.] 
 
 I . Completely ; without restriction ; with- 
 out exception. 
 
 It is in vain to speak of planting laws, and 
 plotting policy, till the people be aiiogeiher s-.i'j- 
 ducd. " Syenser'sSlatcof Ireland. 
 
 K 65
 
 A I\f 
 
 We find not in tlie world any people t)mt hat! 
 lived a/roffrt'icr witliiiut religion. " ' 
 
 If death and danger are things 
 
 A M A 
 
 Hojk. 
 ^ - - ngs that really can 
 nnt be endured, no man could ever be obliged to 
 snifer for his conscience, or to die for his religion ; 
 it being altogether as absurd to imagine a man 
 obliged to suii'er, as to do impossibilities. South. 
 I do not altogether disappn>ve of the manner of 
 interweaving te.vts of scripture through the style 
 of jour sermon. Swift. 
 
 2. Conjunctly; in company. This is ra- 
 ther all together. 
 
 Cousin of Somerset, join you with me, 
 And altogether with the Duke of Suffolk, 
 AVe'll quickly hoist duke Humphry from his seat 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 A'LUDEL. n. s. [from a and lutum; that 
 is, leithout lute.] 
 
 Atudels are subliming pots used in chemistry, 
 without bottoms, and lilted into one another, as 
 majiy as there is occasion for, without lutiup. At 
 the bottom of the furnace is a pot that holds the 
 matter to be sublimed ; and at the top is a head, 
 to retain the flowers that rise up. Quincy. 
 
 A'LUM. n. s. [aliimen, Lat.] 
 
 A kind of mineral salt, of an acid taste, leaving 
 in the nuiuth a sense of sweetness, accompanied 
 with a considerable degree of astringeiicy. 'J'he 
 ancient naturalists allow of two sorts of alum, na- 
 tural and factitious. The natural is found in the 
 island of Milo, being a kind of whitish stone, very 
 ii;;ht, friable, and porous, and streaked wit1i 
 filaments resembling silver. England, Italy, and 
 Flanders, are the countries where alum is princi- 
 pally produced ; and the English roche-alum is 
 made from a bluish mineral stone, in the hills of 
 Yorksliire and Lancashire. 
 
 Saccharine alum is a composition of common 
 
 alum, with rose-water and whites of eggs boiled 
 
 together, to the consistence of a paste, and thus 
 
 moulded at pleasure. As it cools, it grows hard as 
 
 a stone. 
 
 Burnt alum is alum calcined over the fire. 
 
 Plumose orplumealum is a sort of saline mineral 
 
 stone, of various colours, most commonly white, 
 
 bordering on green ; it rises in threads or fibres, 
 
 rr sembling those of a feather ; whence its name 
 
 from plnma, a feather. Chainbers. 
 
 By long beating the white of an egg with a 
 
 lump of alum, you may bring it, for the most 
 
 part, into white curds. Boyle. 
 
 Alum stone. A stone or calx used in 
 
 sin-gery ; perhaps alum calcined, which 
 
 then becomes corrosive. 
 
 She gargled with oxycrate, and was in a few 
 days cured, by touching it with the vitriol and 
 alum stones. 11 iseman. 
 
 Alu'minous. adj. [from alum.] Relating 
 to alimi, or consisting of alum. 
 
 Nor do we reasonably conclude, because, by a 
 cold and alumimms moisture, it is able awhile to 
 resist the tire, that, from a peculiarity of nature, 
 it siibsisieth and liveth in it. Brown. 
 
 1 he tumour may have other mixture with it, to 
 make it of a vitriolick or alumhwus nature. 
 
 Wiseman s Surgery. 
 
 Always, adv. [It is sometimes written 
 ahray, compounded of all and way ; 
 eallepaeja, .Sax. tuttavia, Ital.] 
 
 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time : op- 
 posed to sometime, or to never. 
 
 That, which sometime is expedient, doth not 
 
 alv:am so continue. - Hoiiker. 
 
 Man never is, but aluays to be blest. Pope. 
 
 2. Constantly ; without variation : oppos- 
 ed to sometimts, or to now and then. 
 
 He is aluays great, when some great occasion is 
 prcieiiled to'hiin. Vritden. 
 
 A. M. stands for artium magister, or mas- 
 ter of arts ; the second degree of our 
 universities, which, in some foreign 
 countries is called doctor of philosophy. 
 
 Am. The first person of the verb to be. 
 [See To Be.] 
 
 And God said unto Moses, I am that 1 am: and 
 he said, thus shalt thou say unto the children of 
 Israel, I am hath sent me unto you. Kiodus, iii. 14. 
 
 Come then, my soul : I call thee by that name. 
 Thou busy thing, from whence I know I am: 
 For knowing that 1 am, I know thou art ; 
 Since that luust needs exist, which can impart. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Amabi'lity. n. s. [from amabilis, Lat.] 
 Loveliness ; the power of pleasing. 
 
 No rules can make amability, our minds and ap- 
 prehensions make tiiat; and so is our felicity. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 AMADETTO. n. s. A sort of pear. 
 
 [See Pear] so called, says Skinner, 
 
 from the name of him who cultivated it. 
 
 ADIADOT. n. s. A sort of pear. [See 
 
 Pear.] 
 Ama'in. adv. [from OTflJne, or maigne, 
 old Fr. derived from mugnus, Lat.] With 
 vehemence; with vigour; fiercely; vio- 
 lently. It is used of any action per- 
 formed with precipitation, whether of 
 fear or courage, or of any violent effort. 
 
 Great lords, from Ireland am I come amain, 
 To signify that rebels there are up. Shakesp. 
 
 What! when we fled amain, pursued, and struck 
 With heav'n's afflicting thunder, and besought 
 The deep to shelter us? Milton. 
 
 The hills, to their supply. 
 Vapour and exhalation, dusk and moist. 
 Sent up amain. Milton. 
 
 From hence the boar was rous'd, and sprung 
 amain. 
 Like light'niiig sudden, on the warriour train, 
 Beats down the trees before him, shakes the 
 
 ground ; 
 The forest echoes to the crackling sound, 
 Shout the fierce youth, and clamours ring around. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 AMA'LGAM \n.s. [S^a and ■ya/.iJy.] 
 AMA'LGAMA. f The mixture of me- 
 tals procured by amalgamation. See 
 Amalgamation. 
 
 The induration of the amalgam appears to pro- 
 ceed from the new texture resulting iron: the coa- 
 lition of the mingled ingredients, that make up 
 the amalgam. Baxile. 
 
 Tn .\ma'lgamate. t'. a. [from amalgam.] 
 To unite metals with quicksilver, which 
 may be practised upon all metals, except 
 iron and copper. The use of this cpe- 
 ration is, to make the metal soft and 
 ductile. Gold is, by this metliotl, drawn 
 over other materials by the gililers. 
 
 Amalgama'tion. 72. *. [from amalga- 
 mate.] The act or practice of amalga- 
 mating metals. 
 
 Amalgamation is the mixing of mercury with 
 any of the metals. The niauncr is thus in gold, 
 the rest are answerable : Take si.\ parts of mer- 
 cury, mix them hot in a crucible, and pour them 
 to one part of gold made red hot in another cru- 
 cible 't stir these well, that they may incorporate ; 
 then cast the mass into cold water, and wa^h it. 
 
 Bac'm. 
 
 Amanda'tion. n. s. [from amando, Lat.] 
 The act of sending on a message or em- 
 ployment. 
 
 AMANUENSIS, v. s. [Lat.] A per- 
 son who writes what another dictates. 
 
 A'maranth. 71. s. [amaranthus, Lat. 
 froiTi a. and ^a^ctiru.] The name of a 
 plant. Among the many species, the 
 most beautiful are, 1. The tree ama- 
 
 A ]\I A 
 
 runfh. 2. The long pendulous ama- 
 ranth, with reddish coloured seeds, 
 commonly called Love lies a bleeding. 
 
 In poetry, it is sometimes an imagina- 
 ry flower, sup|)osed, according to its 
 name, never to fade. 
 
 Immortal amaranth ! a flower which once 
 In paradise, fa-st by the tree of life. 
 Began to bloom ; but soon, for luan's offence. 
 To heav'n remov'd, where first it grew, there 
 
 grows. 
 And flow'rs aloft, shading the fount of life ; 
 And where the river of bliss, thro' midst of 
 
 heav'n, 
 Rowls o'er Elysian flow'rs her amber stream : 
 \\ ith these, that never fade, the spirits elect 
 Bind their resplendent locks, inwreath'd with 
 
 beams. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Amaranthine, adj. [amaranthinus, 
 Lat.] Relating to amaranths ; consist- 
 ing of amaranths. 
 
 By the streams that ever flow, 
 By the fragrant winds that blow 
 
 O'er the Elysian flow'rs ; 
 By those happy souls that dwell 
 In yellow meads of asphodel. 
 
 Or amaranthine bow rs. 
 
 Ama'ritude. 71. s. [amai-itvdo. 
 Bitterness. 
 
 What amaritude or acrimony is deprehended in 
 choler, it acquires from a commixture of melan- 
 choly, or external malign bodies. 
 
 Haricyon ConsumptioTU. 
 
 Ama'rulence. n.s. [amaritudo, Lat.] 
 Bitterness. Diet. 
 
 Ama'sment. K. «. [from amass.] Aheap; 
 an accumulation ; a collection. 
 
 What is now, is but an amasment of imaginary 
 conceptions, prejudices, ungrounded opinions, 
 and infinite impostures. Glaniilte's Scepsis Scientif. 
 
 To AMA'SS. v. a. [amasser, Fr.] 
 1. To collect together in one heap or mass. 
 The rich man is not blamed, as having niafle 
 use of any unlawful means to amass riches, as lia\*- 
 ing thriven by fraud and injustice..'k(er6»7-i/'5 Ser. 
 AVhen we would think of infinite space, or du- 
 ration, we, at first step, usually make some very 
 large idea, as perhaps of millions of ages, or miles, 
 w'hich possibly we double and muliiply several 
 times. All that we thus aynass together in our 
 thoughts, is positive, and the assemblage of a 
 
 Pope. 
 Lat.j 
 
 great numliL-r of positive ideas of space or dura- 
 tion. Locke. 
 
 2. In a figurative sense, to add one thing 
 to another, generally with some share of 
 reproach, either of eagerness or indis- 
 crimination. 
 
 Such as flTTiass all relations, must err in some, 
 and be unbelieved in many. Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Do not content vourselves witli mere words, 
 lest vour iniproveinents only «mrt5S a heap of un- 
 intelligible phrases. iraifi's Impr. oj the Mind. 
 
 The life of Homer has been written, hy am^u- 
 sing of all the traditions and hints the writers 
 could meet with, in order to tell a story of him to 
 the world. Pope. 
 
 Ama'ss. n. s. \amaSy Fr.] An assem- 
 blage; an accumulation. 
 
 This pillar is but a medley or amass of all \.\\e 
 precedent ornaments, making a new kind by 
 stealth. ^\'otton. 
 
 ToAma'te. r. a. [from a and nzfl/e.] See 
 Mate. 
 
 1. To accompany ; to entertain as a com- 
 panion. It is now obsolete. 
 
 A lovelv bevy of fair ladies sate. 
 Courted uf many a jolly paramour. 
 The wliich did iht-m in modest wise amate. 
 And each one sought his lady to aggraie. 
 
 Fa'n-y Queen. 
 
 66
 
 A M A 
 
 2. To teiTify ; to strike with horrour. In 
 this sense it is derived from the old 
 French matter, to crush or subdue. 
 
 Amato'rculist. 71.. s. [t/miituirulus,Lat.] 
 A little insignificant lover ; a pretender 
 to affection. Diet. 
 
 A'matory. adj. \amatorius,La.t.] Re- 
 lating to love ; causing love. 
 
 It is tlie same tiling whether otie ravisli Lucre- 
 tia by furce, as Tariniiii, or by anwtortj potiuns 
 not only allure her, but necessitate her to satisfy 
 his hist, and incline her etfectually, and draw her 
 inevitably, to follow biiu spontaneously. 
 
 Bramhall against Hohbes. 
 
 AMAUROSIS. n.s.[ii^tcv^iu.'\ A dim- 
 ness of sight, not from any visible defect 
 in the eye, but from some distempera- 
 ture of the inner parts, occasioning the 
 representations of flies and dust floating 
 before the eyes : which appearances are 
 the parts of the retina hid and compress- 
 ed by the blood-vessels being too mucli 
 distended ; so that, in many of its parts, 
 all sense is lost, and therefore no images 
 can be painted upon them ; whereb)' the 
 eyes continually rolling round, many 
 parts of objects falling successively upon 
 them, are obscure. The cure of this de- 
 pends upon a removal of the stagnations 
 ill the extremities of those arteries which 
 run over the bottom of the eye. Quinci/. 
 
 To AM A'ZE. V. a. [from a and maze, per- 
 plexity.] 
 
 1 . To confuse with terrour. 
 
 Yea, 1 will make many people amarerl at thee, 
 and their kings shall be horribly afraid for thee, 
 when 1 shall brandish my sword before them, and 
 they shall tremble at every moment j every man 
 for Ttis own lite in the day of the fall. llzekiel. 
 
 2. To put into confusion with wonder. 
 Go, heav'nly pair, and with your dazzling vir- 
 tues. 
 
 Your courage, truth, your innocence and love, 
 Amaze Jind charm mankind. Smith. 
 
 3. To put into perplexity. 
 That cannot chno^e but amaze him. If he be 
 
 not amazed, he will be mocked j if lie be amazed, 
 he will every way be mocked. Shakes}'. 
 
 Ama'ze. n. *. [from the verb amiizc] 
 Astonishment; confusion, either of fear 
 or wonder. 
 
 Fairfa.K, whose name in arms thro' Europe rings, 
 And fills all mouths with envy or with praise, 
 And all her jealous monarchs ^ith amaze. Milton. 
 
 .Meantime the Trojan cuts his wat'ry way, 
 Fix'd on his voyage, through the curling sea ; 
 Theti castiriL' back his eyes with dire amaze, 
 Sees on the Punick shore the niounring blaze. Dry. 
 Amazedly. ade. [from amazed.] Con- 
 fusedly ; with amazement ; with confu- 
 sion. 
 
 I speak amazedly, and it becomes 
 My marvel, and liiy message. Shakesp. 
 
 ' But "hv 
 Stands Macbeth thus um(i:fj/i/? 
 Come, sisters, cheer we up his sprights. Shakesp. 
 
 Ama'zedness. n. s. [from amazed.] The 
 stite of being amazed ; astonishment ; 
 wonder ; confusion. 
 
 I was by at the opening of the farthel, heard 
 the old shepherd deliver the manner how lie 
 found it; whereupon, after a little (.•m(i;cdnf.«. we 
 were all commanded out of the cliamber. Shakesp. 
 
 Ama'zement. n. s. [from amaze.] 
 
 1 . Such a confused apprehension as does 
 
 not leave reason its full force; extreme 
 
 fear; horrour. 
 
 A I\I B 
 
 He answer'd nouL'ht at all ; but afMirig new 
 Fear to liis first amazement, starin» wide, 
 Willi stony eyes, and Iicartless hallow hue, 
 AslonlshM st'jud, as one that had cspv'ti 
 InfiTnal furies, with tlieir chains utiiy'd. Fairy Q. 
 
 But luuk ! amaztiiieiit on thy nii)iher sits ; 
 O step between ht-r and her liuhtin^ soul : 
 Conceit in wt-akesl bodies strongest works. Shaft. 
 ^. Extreme dejection. 
 
 He ended, and his words impression left 
 Of much amazement Ut th' infernal crew. 
 Distracted and surpris'd with deep dismay 
 At tliese sad ti.iiriHs. Milton. 
 
 3, Height of admiration. 
 Had vou, some aL'es past, this race of glory 
 
 Run, with amazement we should read your story ; 
 
 But livint/ virtue, all atchievements past, 
 
 Mrets envy sliil to trrapple with at last. Waller. 
 
 4. Astonishment ; "svonder at an unex- 
 pected event. 
 
 They knew that it was he which sat for alms at 
 the Beautiful Gate of the temple, and they were 
 filled witii wonder and amazement at that which 
 had happened unto hini. Acts. 
 
 Ama'zing. participial adj. [from afnaze.] 
 \\ onderful ; astonishing. 
 
 It is an amazin;^ thing ti see the present desola- 
 tion of Italy, when one considers what incredible 
 niuIlTtudes it abounded with during tlie reigns of 
 the Roman Eraperours. Addison. 
 
 Ama'zingly. flrfr. [frova amazing.] To a 
 degree that may excite astonishment ; 
 wonderfully. 
 
 If we arise to the world of spirits, our know- 
 ledge of them must be amazinglii imperfect, when 
 there is not tlie least grain of sand but has too 
 many difficulties belonging to it for the wi.sest 
 pliilosopher to answer. M'attiS Lo^ick. 
 
 AMAZON, n. s. [» and ^.a<<&..] 'Ihe 
 Amazons were a race of women famous 
 for valour, who inhabited Caucasus ; 
 they are so called from their cutting off 
 their breasts, to use their weapons better. 
 A warlike woman ; a virago. 
 
 Stay, stay thy hands, thou art an amaton, 
 And tiehtest with the sword. Shakesp. 
 
 AMBAGES. 71. s. [Lat.] A circuit of 
 words ; a circumlocutory form of speech ; 
 a multiplicity of words ; an indirect 
 manner of expression. 
 
 They gave those comple.K ideas names, that they 
 miglitthe more easily record and discourse of 
 things thev were daily conversant in, without 
 long ambages and circumlocutions ; and that the 
 things they were coiiiinually to give and receive 
 information about, might be the easier and quick- 
 er understood. Lccke. 
 
 Amba'gious. adj. [from ambages.] Cir- 
 cumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious. Diet. 
 
 Ambassa'de. n. s. [ambassade, Tr.] Em- 
 bassy; character or business of an am- 
 bassador : a word not now in use. 
 When you disgrace me in my ambassade. 
 Then I degraded vou from being king. Shakesp. 
 
 AMBA'SSADO'UR. n. s. [a/)ibassadeti/; 
 Fr. embaxadoi; Span. It is written dif- 
 ferently, as it is supposed to come from 
 the French or Spanish language ; and 
 the original derivation being uncertain, 
 it is not easy to settle its orthograjihy. 
 Some derive it from the Hebrew TiO 
 to ti II, and ^t'3^ a wessejiger ; others 
 from a/7ihaclus, which in the old Gaul- 
 ish, signified a se7-vunt ; whence anibas- 
 cia, in low Latin, is found to signify sfr- 
 vice, and ambasciator, a ser-vant ; others 
 ileduce it from ambaeht, in old Teuto- 
 nick, signifying a government ; and ■/«- 
 
 A M B 
 
 nius mentions a possibility of its descent 
 from afa.(^ai*u; and olhers from am for 
 ad^ and bfissus, fow, as supposing the 
 act of sending an ambassadour, to be in 
 some sort an act of submission. AH 
 these derivations lead to write ambassa^ 
 dour, not embassadottr.] A person sent 
 HI a public manner from one sdverei^n 
 power to anotlier, and supposed to re- 
 present the power from which he is sent. 
 The per=oii of an ambassadour is invio- 
 lable. 
 
 ^hnbassadour is, in popular language, 
 the general name of a messenger from a 
 sovereign power, and sometimes ludi- 
 crously, from common persons. In the 
 juridical and formal language, it signi- 
 fies parlicularly a minis^ter of the high- 
 est rank residing in another country, and 
 is distinguished from an envoy, who is 
 of less dignity. 
 
 Give first admittance to th' ambassadours. Shak. 
 
 Rais'd by these hopes, I sent uo news before^ 
 Nor ask'd your leave, nor did your failh implore ; 
 But come without a pledge, my own atnbassadonr. 
 
 Drtjden. 
 
 Oft have their black ambasiidours appear'd 
 Loaden with gifts, and (iil'd the courts of Zama. 
 
 Amba'ssadress. /i. s. [(imbassa drive y Fr.] 
 I. The hi<ly of an ambassadour. 
 "2. In ludicrous language, a woman sent 
 on a message. 
 
 Wei!, m3' ambassadress — » 
 
 Coine you to menace war, and h.ud defiance ? 
 Or docs the peaceful olive ^race your brow '/?ou"f. 
 
 A'mbassage. n.s. [from ambassadour.'] 
 Anemba.ssy; the business of an ambas- 
 sadour. 
 
 Maximilian entertained them with dilatory 
 
 answers ; no as the formal part of their amhassage 
 might well warraiit their furllier stay. Bacon. 
 
 A'MBKR. n. s. [from ambar, Arab, whence 
 the lower writers formed ambarian.] 
 
 A vellow transparent substance of a gummous 
 or biiuminous cnnsistence, but a resinous taste, 
 and a smell like oil uf turpentine ; chiefly found in 
 the Bahick sfa, alon^^ the coasts of Prussia. Some 
 naturalists refer it to the vegetable, others to tlie 
 mineral, and some evt'n to the animal kingdom. 
 Piiny describes it as a resinous juice, oozin^; from 
 ageci pines and tins, and discharged thence into 
 the sea. He adds, that it was hence the ancients 
 jiave it the denomination oi snccimtm,Uo:u snocus. 
 Juice. Some have imacrined it a concretion of the 
 tears of birds ; ot!ier>, the urine of a btasl ; others, 
 the scum of the lake Cephisis, near tlie Atlantick ; 
 olhers, a congelation formed in the Baltick, and 
 in sotne t'ouniains, where it is found swininiin-; 
 like pitch. Others suppose it a bitumen trickling 
 into the sea from subterraneous sources ; but this 
 opinion is also discarded, as good amier having 
 been found in digging at a considerable distance 
 from tlic sea, as that gathered on the coast. Hoer- 
 liaave ranks it with camjihire. wliich is a concrete 
 oil of aromatic plants, flaboratcd by heat into h 
 crystalline form. Within some pieces of amber 
 have been found leaves and insects included ; 
 whicii seems to indicate, cither that tlie amber was 
 originally in a fluid state, or that, having been ex- 
 posed I't the sun, it was softened, and rendered 
 susceptible of the leaves and i!i>eLts. JjJiiffr, when 
 rubbed, draws or attracts bodies lo it ; and, by 
 friction, is brought to yield li^hl pretty copiously 
 in the dark. Some distinguish amber uilo \ elh«w, 
 white, brown, and black: but the tw«> lail*-r;ire 
 supposed to be of a diliVrenl nature and ilcii-nui- 
 naiiou ; tlie one called Jtr, the other anifrfr#Tt-. 
 
 Trevoi'i, Cttamher'S, 
 
 Liquid amber IS a kind of native balsam or resin. 
 like lurpcnlinej clear, rtauiili, t>r yellowisbj of 
 
 67
 
 A M B 
 
 a i>lcasant smell, almost like ambergris. It flows 
 from an incision made in the bark of a fine larye 
 tree in New S|iain, called bj the natives ososd. " 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 If light penetrateth any clear body, tliat is co- 
 lonred, as painted glass, amber, water, and the 
 like, it gives the lij»ht the colour of its inedinnj. 
 
 Peacham. 
 
 No interwoven reeds a parland made, 
 To hide his brows within tile vulgar shade ; 
 But poplar wrealhis around his temples spread, 
 And tears i>( umber trickled down his head. Addis. 
 
 The spoils of elephants the roofs inlay, 
 And studded amber darts a golden ray. Pope. 
 
 A'mber. adj. Consisting of amber. 
 
 With scarfs, and fans, and double charge of 
 brav'ry. 
 With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knav'ry. 
 
 Shukfsp. 
 
 A'mber-drink. n. s. Drink of the co- 
 lour of amber, or resembling amber in 
 colour and transparency. 
 All your clear amber-drink is flat. Bacon. 
 
 A'mbebori.s. n.s. [from amber and gri.i, 
 or g-rc;/ ; that is, gre]/ amber] 
 
 A fragrant drug, that melts almost like wax, 
 commonly of a greyish or ash colour, used both 
 as a perfuiue and a cordial. Some imagine it to 
 be the excrement of a bird, which, being melted 
 by the heat t)( the sun, and wash-.d olf the shore 
 by the w'aves, is swallowed by whales, who re- 
 turn it back ill the condition we find it. Others 
 conclude it to be the excrement of a cetaceous 
 fish, becaus" sometimes f<mnd in the intestines of 
 such animals. But we lia^e no instance of any 
 excrement capable of melting like wax ; and if 
 it were the excrement of a whale, it should ra- 
 ther be found where these animals abound, as 
 about Greenland. Others take it for a kind of 
 wax or gum, wliich distils from trees, and drops 
 into th.e sea, where it congeals. i\Ianv of the 
 orientals imagine it springs out of the sea.as naph- 
 tha <loes out of some fountains. Others assert it 
 to be a vegetable production, issuing out of the 
 ro- t of a tree, whose rof)ts always shoot towards 
 the sea, and discliarce themselves into it. Others 
 maintain, that ambergris is made from the honey- 
 Combs, which fall into the sea from the rocks, 
 \*here tlie bees had formed their nests; several 
 per>(uis having seen pieces that were half amfter- 
 ^ris, and lialf plain honey-comb ; and others have 
 tound larue pieces of amberg^-is, in which, when 
 broke, hnney-comh, and honey too, were found 
 in the middle. Neumann absolutely denies it to 
 be an animal substance, as not yielding, in the 
 analysis, any one animal principle. He con- 
 cludes it to be a bitumen issuing out of the earth 
 into the sea ; at first of a viscous consistence, but 
 bardening, by its mixture with some liquid naph- 
 tha, into the form in which we find it. 
 
 Trevouj .Chambers. 
 
 Bermudas wall'd with rocks, who does not 
 know 
 That hai'py island where huge lemons grow, 
 Where shining pearl, coral, and many a pound. 
 On the rich sh'ore, o{ ambergris is found ? Waller. 
 
 A'mber-seed, or musk-seed, resembles 
 millet, is of a bitterish taste, and brought 
 dry from Martinico and Egypt. Ckamh. 
 
 A'mber-tree. n. s. [fmlex Africanns 
 nmhram spiruns ] A shrub, whose beau- 
 ty is in its small evergreen leaves, which 
 grow as close as heath, and, being bruis- 
 ed between the fingers, emit a very fra- 
 grant odour. Miller. 
 
 AMBIDEXTER, n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. A man who has equally the use of botli 
 his hands. 
 
 Rodiginus, undertaking to give a reason of 
 tunbideita-s, and left-handed men, dcliverelh a 
 third opinion. Bromi. 
 
 A M B 
 
 2. A man who is equally ready to act on 
 either side, in party disputes. This 
 sense is hidicrous. 
 
 Ambidexterity, w. s. [from ambidex- 
 ter,] 
 
 1. The quality of being able equally to 
 use both hands. 
 
 2. Double dealing. 
 A M li I D EX T R o u s . adj. [from am h idexter, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1, Havinff with equal facility the use of 
 either hand. 
 
 Others, not considiTiiig ambidextrous antl left- 
 huiidcd men, do totally siibiuit unto tlie eiTicac^' 
 fif ilic livtr. Browji, 
 
 2. Double dealing; practising on both 
 sides. 
 
 A'',sop condemns the double practices of trim 
 mers, and all f^lse, shuffling, and ambi<lextrini.s 
 dealinps. L'Estnnige. 
 
 Ambide'xtrousness. n.s. [tromambi- 
 dtwfrous.] The quality of being ambi- 
 dextrous. Dlcf, 
 A'mbient. a(Ij\ [ambiens, Lat.] Sur- 
 rounding ; encompassing ; investing. 
 
 Ttiis whicli yields or fills 
 All space, the ambient -dir wide interfus'd. Milton. 
 The tiiickness of a plate requibile to produce 
 any colour, depends only on the density of the 
 plate, and not on that of the ambient medium. 
 
 Newton's Opticks. 
 Around him dance the rosy hours, 
 And daniaskin^ the ground with flow'rs, 
 AVitii amftient sweets perfume the morn, 
 
 Fenton to Lord Goiver, 
 lllastrious virtues, wlio by turns have rose 
 \^'ith liappy laws her empire to sustain, 
 And wiih full pow'r assert her a mbie7it n\Mu. Prior. 
 The ambient rether is too liquid and empty, to 
 impel horizontally with that prodigious celerity. 
 
 Beniiey. 
 
 A'MBIGU, n.s. [French.] An enter- 
 tainment, consisting not of regular 
 courses, but of a medley of dishes set on 
 together. 
 
 When sfraiten'd in your time, and servants few, 
 You'd richly then compose an ambigu ; 
 ^Vhere first and second cnurse, and your desert, 
 All in one single table have liieir part. 
 
 King*$ Art of' Cookery. 
 
 Ambigu'ity. ». s. [from ambiguous.] 
 Doubtfulness of meaning ; uncertainty 
 of signification ; double meaning. 
 
 With ambiguities they often entancle themselves, 
 not marking \v|i;ii doih agree to the word of God 
 in itself, and what in regard of outward acci- 
 dents. Hooker. 
 
 We can clear these ambiguities, 
 And know their spring, llieir head, their true de- 
 scent. Shdkesp. 
 
 The words are of single sienificatioii, without 
 any ambigu it u ; and iheiefure I shall not trouble 
 you, by straining: fi>r an iiiterprelalion, where 
 there is no difficulty j or distinction, where tliere is 
 iHi dilFerence. South. 
 
 AMBl'GUOUS. adj. [ambiguus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Doubtful; having two meanings; of 
 uncertain sigiiilication. 
 
 But what have been thy answers, wliat hut dark, 
 Atnbignous, and with doubtful sense deluding: ? 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Some expressions in the covenant were ambi- 
 gjio! s, and were left so ; because the persons who 
 framed them ^^cre not jilI ofoncniind Clarenihn. 
 
 2. Applied to iiersons using doubtful ex- 
 pressions. It is applied to expressions, 
 or those that use them, not to a dubious 
 or suspended state of mind. 
 
 A M B 
 
 ' Til' ambiguous god, who rul'd her lab'rinj 
 bre,ist, 
 In these mysterious words his mind e.\|irest ; 
 Some truths reveal'd, in terms involv'd the rest. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Silence at length the gav Antinous broke, 
 Coiistriiiu'd a smile, a.n3 luus ambiguous spoke. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ambi'guously. adv. [from ambiguous.] 
 In an ambiguous manner ; doubtfully ; 
 uncertainly ; with double meaning. 
 
 Ambi'guousness. n.s. [from ambiguous.] 
 The quality of being ambiguous ; un- 
 certainty of meaning ; duplicity of sig- 
 nification. 
 
 Ambi'logy. n. s. [from ambo, Lat. and 
 Aoy®-.] Talk of ambiguous or doubtful 
 signification. Diet. 
 
 Ambi'loquous. adj. [from ambo and 
 loguor, Lat.] Using ambiguous and 
 doubtful expressions. Did. 
 
 Ambiloquy. n.s. [ambilogiiium, Lat.] 
 The use of doubtful and indeterminate 
 expressions; discourse of doubtful mean- 
 ing. Diet. 
 
 A'mbit. n.s. [ambitus, Lat.] The com- 
 pass or circuit of any thing ; the line 
 that encompasses any thing. 
 
 The tusk of a wild boar winds aboutalmost into 
 a perfect ring or hoop ; only it is a little writhen. 
 In measuring by the ambit, it is iona or round 
 about a foot and two inches; its basis an inch 
 over. Crew's Mu$t£um. 
 
 Ambi'tion. n. s. [ambitio, Lat.] The 
 desire of something higher than is pos- 
 sessed at present. 
 
 1. The desire of preferment or honour. 
 
 Who would think, without having such a mind 
 as Aiitiphilus, that so great goodness could not 
 iiavc bound gratefulness ? and so high advance- 
 ment not have satisfied his ambition? Sidney. 
 
 2. The desire of any thing great or ex- 
 cellent. 
 
 The quick'ning power would be, and so would 
 rest ; 
 The sense would not be only, but be well : 
 
 But wit's amhitioH longeth to the best. 
 For it desires in endless bliss to dwell. Davies. 
 
 Urge them, while their souls 
 Are capable of this ambition ; 
 Lest zeal, now melted by the windy breath 
 Of soft petitifjns, pity, and remorse. 
 Cool and congeal again to what it was. Shahesp 
 
 3. It is used with to before a verb, and of 
 before a noun. 
 
 I had a very early ambitio7i to recommend my- 
 self to your Lcrdship's patron;ige. Addison. 
 
 There was an aTjibition of wit, and an affectation 
 of gayety. Porpe's Preface to his Letters. 
 
 Ambi'tious. adj. [ambiliosus, Lat.] 
 1 . Seized or touched with ambition ; de- 
 sirous of advancement ; eager of ho- 
 nours ; aspiring. It has the particle of 
 before the object of ambition, if a noun ; 
 to, if expressed by a verb. 
 We seem ambitious Uod's whole work t' undo. 
 
 Donne. 
 The neighb'ring monarchs, by tliy beauty led. 
 Contend in crowds, ambitious of thy bed: 
 The world is at thy choice, except but one, 
 E.vcept but him thou cuiist not choose alone. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 You have been pleased not to suffer an <tid 
 
 man to go discontented out of the world, for want 
 
 of that protection, u/svhich he had been so long 
 
 ambitious. Vryden. 
 
 63
 
 A U B 
 
 Trajan, a prince amhitwus of glory, descended 
 to tlie iiiDUilis (if tlie Tigris and Kuplirales, and 
 went u(;(Mi ilie ocean, wliere, seeing a vessel trad- 
 ing to tlie Indies, he had thoughts of outdoing 
 A^xander. Arbnthnot on Coins. 
 
 ?. Eager to grow bigger; aspiring. 
 I tiave seen 
 Th' amhitii'US ocean swell, und rage, and foam. 
 To be exulted wiili the tlircat'ning clonds._.S7rnfcfsp. 
 Ambi'tiously. adv. [from ambitious.] 
 In an ambitious manner ; with eagerness 
 of advancement or preference. 
 
 With such gUd liearts did our despairing men 
 Salute th' a|)pearance uf the prince's fleet ; 
 
 And each amhitimslu would claim the ken. 
 That with tirst eyes did distant safety meet.Dri/d. 
 Here Flecknoe, as a place to fame well known, 
 Ambkioustq desigii'd his Sli— 's throne. Uruden. 
 
 Ambi'tiousness. n.s. [from ambitious.] 
 The quality of being ambitious. 
 
 A'mbitude. n. s. [ambio, Lat.] Com- 
 pass ; circuit ; circumference. Diet- 
 
 To A'MBLE. r. ii. [ambler, Fr. ambulo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To move upon an amble. See Amble. 
 
 It is good, on some occasions, to enjoy as much 
 of the present, as will not endanger our futurity ; 
 and to provide ourselves of the virtuoso's saddle, 
 which will be sure to amble, when the world is 
 upon the hardest trot. Dvyden. 
 
 2. To mo\e easily, without hard shocks, 
 or shaking. 
 
 Who (imWcs lime witlial? — .\rich man that hath 
 uot the gout; for he lives merrily, because he 
 feels not pain ; knowing no burthen of heavy te- 
 dious penury : him lime ambles withal. 
 
 Shakesp. As you lihe it. 
 
 3. In a Itidicrous sense, to move with sub- 
 mission, and by direction ; as a horse 
 that omWesuses a gait not natural. 
 
 A laughing, to,ving, wheedling, whimpering she, 
 Shall make him amble on a gossip's message, 
 And take the distaff with a hand as patient, 
 As e'er did Hercules. Roicc's Jane Shore 
 
 4. To walk daintily and affectedly. 
 
 I am rudely stanipt, and want love's majesty. 
 To strut before a wanton anift/Jn^nvniph. Shake^. 
 
 A'mble. n.s. [i'vom To amble ] Apace 
 or movement in which the horse removes 
 both his legs on one side ; as, on the far 
 side, he removes his fore and hinder leg 
 of the same side at one time, whilst his 
 legs on the near side stand still ; and, 
 when the far legs are upon the ground, 
 the near side removes the fore leg and 
 hinder leg, and the legs on the far side 
 stand still. An amble is the first pace 
 of young colts, but when they have 
 strength to trot, they quit it. There is 
 no amble in the manage ; riding-masters 
 allow only of walk, trot, and gallop. A 
 horse may be put from a trot to a gallop 
 ■without stopping ; but he cannot be put 
 from an amble to a gallop without a stop, 
 which interrupts the justness of the ma- 
 nage. Farrier's Diet. 
 A'mbler. n. s. [{rora To amble.] Ahorse 
 that has been taught to amble ; a pacer. 
 A'mblingly. ae/p. [from ««ii//ng-.] With 
 
 an aiTibling movement. 
 AMBROSIA, n.s. [afcC^otr;^.] 
 
 1. The imaginary food of the gods, from 
 which every thing eminently pleasing to 
 the smell or taste is called ambrosia. 
 
 2. The name of a plant. 
 
 A M B 
 
 ft has male flosculous flowers, produced on le- 
 parate parts of the same plant fnun the fruit, liav- 
 ineno visible petals : the fruit which succeeds lie 
 feinale flowers, is shapeil like a club, and is prick- 
 ly, containing one ohloiig seed in each. 
 
 The species are, 1. The marine or sea amfrrnsm. 
 2. Taller unsavoury mn ambrosiu. 3. The tallest 
 Canada ambrosia. Miller. 
 
 Ambro'stal. flrf/. [from ambrosia.] Par- 
 Ukingof the nature or qualities of am- 
 brosia; fragrant ; delicious ; delectable. 
 
 Thus while God s[iake, amdrosiai fragrance fill'd 
 All hcav'n, and in the blessed spirits elect 
 Sense of new joy inelfable rlilfus'd. Mitlm. 
 
 Tlie gifts of heav'ii inv following song pursues, 
 j\erial honey and ambrosiul dews. Vryden. 
 
 I'o farthest shores tli' amiiro.(t<i/ spirit flies. 
 Sweet to the world, and grateful to the ikxs.fope. 
 
 A'mbry. n.s. [a word corrupted from 
 
 almonri/.] 
 
 1 . The place where the almoner lives, or 
 where alms are distributed. 
 
 2. The place where plate and utensils for 
 housekeeping are kept ; also a cupboard 
 for keeping cold victuals : a word still 
 used in the northern counties, and in 
 Scotland. 
 
 Ames ACE. n.s. [from ambo, Lat. and 
 are.] A double ace; so called when 
 two dice turn up the ace. 
 
 1 Iiad ratlier be in this choice, than throw amhs 
 ace for luy life. Shukcsp. All's welt that ends well. 
 
 This will be yet clearer, by considering his own 
 instance of cas'ting ambs ace, though it partake 
 more of contingency than of freedom. Supposing 
 the positure of llie party's hand who did throw 
 the dice, supposing the figure of the table, and of 
 the dice themselves, supposing the measure of 
 force ap])lied, and supposing all other things 
 which did concur to the production ol that cast, 
 to be the very same they were, there is uo doubt 
 but in this case the cast IS necessary. 
 
 Bramhall against Hobbes, 
 
 Ambula'tion. n.s. [ambulatio, Lat.] 
 
 The act of walking. 
 
 From the occult and invisible motion of the 
 muscles, in station, proceed more ofl'eiisiye lassi- 
 tudes than from ambulation. Browns Vulg. Er. 
 
 A'mbulatory. adj. [amhulo, Lat] 
 
 1 . That which has the power or feculty of 
 
 walking. 
 
 The gradient, or amhulatoni, are such as require 
 some basis, or bottom, to uphold them in their 
 motions: such were those self-moving statues, 
 which, unless violently detained, would of them- 
 selves run away. Wilkius's Math. Magick. 
 
 2. That which happens during a passage 
 
 or walk. 
 
 He was sent to conduct hither the princess, of 
 whom his majesty had an ambulatory view in his 
 travels. H"o(t<m. 
 
 3. Moveable ; as, an ambulatory court ; 
 a court which removes from place to 
 place for the exercise of its jurisdiction. 
 
 A'mbury. w. s. a bloody wart on any 
 
 part of a horse's body. 
 AmbusCA'de. n.s. [emhuscade, Vv. See 
 Ambush.] A private station in whicli 
 men lie to surprise others ; ambush. 
 
 Then waviii-; bi^li her torch, the signal made. 
 Which rous'd the Grecians from their amfciisrade. 
 
 l}ruden. 
 When I behold a fashionable table set out, I 
 fanrv that gouts, fevers, and lethargies with in- 
 numerable disleiupers, lie i\\ ambuscade among the 
 dishes. Addison. 
 
 A M E 
 
 .Vmbusca'do. n. s. [emhoscada. Span.] 
 A private post, in order to surprise an 
 
 enemy. 
 
 Sometimes she driveth o'er a soldier's neck. 
 And then he dreams of cutting foreign throats, 
 Of breaches, amhu.'cadoes, Spanish blades, 
 Of healths five fathom deep. 
 
 Shakesp. Romeoond Juliet. 
 
 A'mbush. n. s. [ambusche, Fr. from bois, 
 a wood ; whence embiischer, to hide in 
 woods, ambushes being commonly laid 
 under the concealment of thick forests. J 
 L. The post where soldiers or assassins are 
 placed, in order to fall unexpectedly 
 upon an enemy. 
 
 I'he residue retired deceitfully towards the 
 place of their ambush, whewc<? issued more. Then 
 the carl maintained the fight. But the enemy, 
 iiiiendiiig to draw the English further into Iheit 
 ambush, turned away at an easy jiace. Hayuani, 
 Charge, charge, their ground the faint Taxallans 
 yield. 
 Bold in close ambusli, base in open field. 
 
 Drijdens Indian Emperor. 
 
 2. The act of surprising another, by lying 
 in wait, or lodging in a secret post. 
 
 Nor shall we need, 
 With dangerous expedition, to invade 
 ileav'n, whose high walls fear no assault or siege. 
 Or ambush from the deep. Milton's Par. Lxt. 
 
 3. The state of being posted privately, in 
 order to surprise ; the state of lying in 
 wait. 
 
 4. Perhaps the persons placed in private 
 
 stations. 
 
 For you, my noble lord of Lancaster, 
 Once did I lay an ambush foryour life.Sfiafc. fill. 
 
 A'mbushed. erf;, [from ambush.] Placed 
 in ambush ; l-ying in wait. 
 
 Thick as the shades, there issue swarraine bandi 
 Of amhush'd men, whom, by their arms and dress. 
 To be Taxallan enemies 1 guess._ 
 
 Dryden's Indian Emperor. 
 
 A'mbushment. n. s. [from ambush; 
 which see.] Ambush ; surprise : a word 
 now not used. 
 
 Like as a wilv fox, that having spied 
 Where on a suiinv bank the lambs do play. 
 
 Full closely creeping by the hinder side. 
 Lies iiiarafciuftmeiitof nis"hoped prey. Spenser. 
 
 Ambu'st. adj. [ambustus, Lat.] Burnt ; 
 scalded. Diet. 
 
 Ambu'stion. n.s. [ambustio, La.t.] .\ 
 burn; a scald. 
 
 Amel. n.s. [email, Fr.] The matter 
 with which the variegated works are 
 overlaid, which we call enamelled. 
 
 The materials of glass melted wiih calcined tin, 
 conipwse an undiaphanous body. This white amel 
 is the basis of all those fine concretes that gold- 
 smiths and artificers employ in the curious art of 
 enamelling. -Bwk on Coburs. 
 
 AME'X. adv. [a word, of wliich tlie ori- 
 ginal has given rise to many conjectures. 
 Scalis^er writes, that it is Arabick ; and 
 the Rabbles make it the compound of 
 the initials of three words, signifying 
 the Lord is a faitliful kivg ; but the 
 word seems merely Hebrew. ]2}<, which, 
 with a long train of deriv.ntives, signifies 
 fiimness, certainty, fidelity.] A term 
 used in devotions, by which, at the end 
 of a prayer, we mean, so be it : at the 
 end of a creed, so it is. 
 
 69
 
 A IVI E 
 
 bles: 
 
 i ! and, Amen ! the 
 
 One cried, God 
 other. 
 
 As they had seen me with these hangmrin's hands, 
 Listening tlieir fear, 1 coidd not sav .■Jmoi, 
 ■VVhen they did sav God bless us.'Shakesp. Macfi. 
 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, from ever- 
 lasting and to everlasting, Amen and amen. 
 
 FsalmxVi.iS. 
 Ame'nable. adj. \amesnahle,Yr. amenir 
 gudqu'nn, in the French courts, signi- 
 fies, to oblige one to appear to answer a 
 charge exhibited against him.] Respon- 
 sible ; subject so as to be liable to en- 
 
 A M E 
 
 Beliold ! famine and plague, tribulation and an- \ 
 guish, are sent as scourges for amenthnent. 
 
 S Ksilras, xvi. 19. 
 
 Though a serious purpose of amendment, and 
 true acts of contrition, before the habits may be 
 accepted by God ; yet there is no sure judgment 
 whether this purpose be serious, nr these acts true 
 acfs of contrition. Hammond's Pract. Catechism. 
 
 quiries or accounts. 
 
 Again, because the inferiour sort were loose and 
 poor, and not amenable to the law, lie provided, by 
 another act, that five of the best and eldest per- 
 sons of every sept, should bring in all the idle per- 
 son« of their siniame, to be justified by the law. 
 
 Sir John Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 A'menage. Tn.s. [They seem to come 
 A'menance. ) from amener, Fr.] Con- 
 duct ; behaviour ; mien ; words disused. 
 
 For he is lit to use in all ass.^ys. 
 Whether for arms and warlike amenance, 
 Or else for wise and civil governance. Speiuer. 
 
 VVell kend him so far space, 
 Th* enchanter, by his arms and amenance. 
 When under him he saw his Lybian steed to 
 prance. Fairq Qneen. 
 
 To AMEND 
 
 Lat] 
 
 v.a. [amender,¥r. emtndo. 
 
 1. To correct; to change any thing that is 
 wrong to something better. 
 
 2. To reform the life, or leave wickedness. 
 In these two cases we usually write 
 vieiid. See Mend. 
 
 Amend your ways and your doings, and I will 
 cause you to dwell in this place. Jerem.vii.S. 
 
 3. To restore passages in writers, wliich 
 the copiers are supposed to have depra- 
 ved ; to recover the true reading. 
 
 To Amend. I', n. To grow better. To 
 amend differs from to improve ; to im- 
 prove supposes or not denies that tlie 
 thing is well already, but to amend im- 
 plies something wrong. 
 
 As ray fortune either amends or impairs, I mav 
 declare it unto you. Sidnei/. 
 
 At his touch 
 Such sanctity hath heaven given his liaiid, 
 They presently amend. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 AMENDE. }i.s. [French.] This word, 
 in French, signifies a fine, by wiiich re- 
 compense is supposed to be made for the 
 fault committed. We use, in a cognate 
 signification, the word amends. 
 
 Amendment, n.s. InmevdcmenfyFr.] 
 
 1 . A change from bad for tlte better. 
 
 Before it was presented on the stase, some 
 tilings in it have passed your approbation and 
 amendment. Dri/den. 
 
 ilsn is always mending and altering his wi.rks ; 
 but nature observes tlie same fcnour, because her 
 works are so perfect, that there is no place for 
 amendments; nothing that can be reprehended. 
 
 Ray on the Creation 
 
 There are many natural defects in the under- 
 standing, c.npable 11 f amendment, which are over- 
 looked. and wholly neglected. Locke. 
 
 2. Reformation of life. 
 
 Our Lnrd and Saviour was of opinion, that they 
 which would not bedraiMi to amenninent of life, 
 by the testimony which Moses and the prophets 
 liave given, concerning the miseries that follow 
 sinners after ileath, were not likely to be persuad- 
 ed by other means, although Gi.d from the dead 
 should have raised them up preachers. Hooker. 
 
 ■ Recovery of liealth. 
 
 \ our honour's players, hearing your amendment, 
 Are come to play a pleasant comedy. Shakesp. 
 
 Ame'nd.ment. n. s. [emendalio, Lat.] It 
 signifies, in law, the correction of an er- 
 rour committed in a process, and espied 
 before or after judgment ; and some- 
 tiines after the party's seeking advantage 
 by the errour. JBlount. 
 
 Ame'nder. n. .I. [from amend."] The 
 
 person that amends anything. 
 Ame'nds. n. s. [^amende, Tv. from which 
 it seems to be accidentally corrupted.] 
 Recompense ; compensation ; atone- 
 ment. 
 
 If I have too austerely punish'd you, 
 \ our compensation makes amends. Shakesp 
 
 Of the amends reciivered, little or nothing re- 
 turns to those that had sufiered the wrong, but 
 ccmmonly all runs into the prince's colTers. '^ 
 
 lialeiffh's Ks-^ajjs. 
 There F, a pris'ner chain'd, scarce freely draw 
 The air imprison'd also, close and damp, ^ 
 T^mvholesome draught ; but here I feel amends. 
 The breath of heav'n fresh blowing, pure and 
 
 sweet. 
 With day-spring bonr ; here leave me to respire. 
 
 Milton. 
 Some little hopes I have yet remaining, that I 
 may make the world some part of amends for many 
 ill plays, by an heroick poem. Drxiden. 
 
 If <jiir souls he immortal, this makes abulitiant 
 amenrfs and compensation for the frailties of life, 
 and sufterings of this state. Tillotson. 
 
 It is a strong argument for retribution hereafter, 
 that virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, 
 and vicious persons prosperous; which is reputr- 
 n^nit to the nature of a Being, who appears infi- 
 nitely wise and good in all his works ; unless we 
 tnay suppose that such a promiscuous distribu- 
 tion, which was necessary for carrying on the de- 
 signs of providence in this life, will be rectified 
 and made amends for in another. Spectator. 
 
 Ame'nity. n.s. [amenite, Fr. ameenif as, 
 
 Lat.] Pleasantness; agreeableness of 
 
 situation. 
 
 If the situation of Babylon was such at first as 
 in the days of Herodotus, it was a seat of ame?tilti 
 and pleasure. Broun. 
 
 Amenta'ceous. adj. [amentatus, Lat.] 
 Hanging as by a thread. 
 
 The pine tree hath amentaceous flowers nr kat- 
 liins. Jl/i//er. 
 
 To AMF.'RCE. v. a. [amercier. Fr. oipSaA- 
 fiun i/.iv aij/.!f(Te, seems to give the origi- 
 nal] 
 
 1. To punish with a pecuniary penalty ; to 
 exact a fine ; to inflict a forfeiture. It is 
 a word originally juridical, but adopted 
 by other writers, and is used by Spenser 
 of punishments in general. 
 
 Where every one that misseth then her make, 
 Shall be by him amerced with penance d\w.Spenser. 
 
 But I'll amerce you with so strong a fine. 
 That you shall all repent the loss of mine. Shak. 
 
 All the suitors were considerably amerced ; yet 
 this proved but an ineffectual remedy for those 
 mischiefs. Hale. 
 
 2. Sometimes with the particle in before 
 the fine. 
 
 A M 1 
 
 They shall omerre him in an hundred sliekels 
 of silver, and give them unto the father of tlie 
 damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name 
 upon a virgin of Israel. " Deu(. x.iii IQ 
 
 3. Sometimes it is used, in imitation of 
 the Greek construction, with the parti- 
 cle of. 
 
 Millions of spirits, for Iiis fault nmerc'd 
 Of iieav'ii, and from eternal splendours llun" 
 For his revolt. Milton. 
 
 Ame'rcer. n. s. [from amerce.] He that 
 sets a fine upon any misdemeanour ; he 
 tliat decrees or inflicts any pecuniary 
 punishment or forfeiture. 
 
 Amercement. \n.s. [irom nmerce.] 
 
 Ame'rciament. S The pecuniary pu- 
 nishment of an offender, who stands at 
 the mercy of the king, or other lord in 
 his court. Cowell. 
 
 All amercements and fines that shall be imposed 
 upon them, shall come unto themselves. 
 
 5/)f user's State oj Ireland . 
 
 Ames ace. n.s. [a corruption of the word 
 amhs ace, which appears, from very old 
 authorities, to have been e^rly softened 
 by omitting the b.] Two aces on two 
 dice. 
 
 But then my study was to cog the dice. 
 And dext'rnusly to throw the lucky sice ; 
 To shun ames ace, that swept my stakes away ; 
 And watch the box, lor fear they should convey 
 False bones, and put upon me in the play. Uryd. 
 
 A'mes.s. n.s. [corrupted from amjce.] A 
 priest's vestment. Diet. 
 
 Ametho'dical. adj. [from n and me- 
 thod.] Out of method; without me- 
 thod ; irregular. 
 A'METHYST. n. s. [ajut'SiT©', contrary 
 to wine, or contrary to drunkenness : so 
 calleil, either because it is not quite of 
 the colour of wine, or because it was 
 imagined to prevent inebriation.] 
 
 A precious stone of a violet colour, bordering on 
 purple. The oriental amethtjst is the hardest, 
 scarcest, and most valuablej'it is generally of a 
 dove Culour, though some are purple, and others 
 white like the diamond. The German is of a 
 violet colour, and the Spanish are of three sorts ; 
 the best are the blackest or deepest violet : others 
 are almost quite white, and some few tinctured 
 with yellow. The amethyst is not extremely hard, 
 but etisy to be engraved upon, and is next in va- 
 lue to the emerald. Suvarp. Chambers. 
 Some stones approached the granaie complex- 
 ion ; and several nearly resembled the amethifst. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 .V'methy.ST. [in heraldry] signifies the 
 same colour in a noblemen's coat, that 
 pnr pure does in a gentleman's. 
 Amethy'stine. adj. [from amethyst.'\ 
 Resembling an amethyst in colour. 
 
 :\ kind of amethi^stinc llint. not composed of 
 crystals or grains, but one eutiie massy stone. 
 
 Grew, 
 A'M TABLE, adj. [aimable, Fr,] 
 
 1. Lovely; pleasing. 
 That -.vhich is gO"d in the actions of men, doth 
 
 not only delight as profitable, but as ainiahte also. 
 
 Hat)ker. 
 She told her, w-hile she kept it, 
 'Twould make her amiable, subdue my father 
 Kniirely to her love ; but if she h-st it. 
 Or made a izift of it, my fathers eye 
 Should hold her loalhed. 'Shakesp. Othelle 
 
 2. Pretending love; shewing love. 
 
 Lay amiable seige to the lionesty of this Ford's 
 wife; use your art of wooing. Shakesp. 
 
 70
 
 A M I 
 
 A'>tIABLKNESS. n.s. [from amiable.'] 
 The quality of being amiable ; loveli 
 ness ; power of raising love. 
 
 As soon a? the iiHturat gayety and am'utbleness (>f 
 tlie voung man wears otT, iliey iiave nutltiiig left 
 to comiKPnci llieni, but lie by among tlic lumber 
 aiiri refuse of tiic species. Adtlisini. 
 
 A'miably. adr. [from amiabh-.] In an 
 amiable manner ; in such a manner as to 
 excite love. 
 A'MIC.^rjLE. udj. [amicabilis, Lat.] 
 Friendly ; kind. It is commonly used 
 of more than one ; as, the}- live in an 
 amicable manner; but we s Worn say, 
 an aniirriblt action, or an amicable man, 
 though it be so used in tliis passage. 
 
 O grace serene ! oh virtue heav'nij fair, 
 J)ivine oblivion oi low-thouchled care ! 
 Fr«sh blooming hope, gay diiiighter of the sky ! 
 And faitii, our early immortality ! 
 £nter each mild, each tituicahle guest ; 
 Receive and wrap me in eternal rest. Pope. 
 
 A'.MICABLENESS. ji.s. [from oviicable.] 
 The quality of being amiable ; friendli- 
 ness ; goodwill. 
 Amicably, adr. [from amicable.1 In 
 an amicable manner ; in a friendly way ; 
 with goodwill and concord. 
 
 They see 
 Through the dun mist, in blooming beauty fresh, 
 T\v(» lovely youths, that amicably walkt 
 O'er verdant meads, and pleas'd, perhaps, revolv'd 
 Anna's late conquests. Phiii-ps, 
 
 1 found my subjects amicably join 
 To lessen their defects by citing mine. Prior. 
 
 In Holland itself, where it is pretended that 
 the variety of sects live so amicably together, it is 
 notorious how a turbulent party, joinfng with the 
 .Armenians, did attempt to destroy the repuhlick. 
 Sicijt's Church ofEtiglanI Man. 
 
 A'.MICE. n.s. [amiclus, Lat. amicf, Fr. 
 Primuni e.r sex indiwienfis episcopo ef 
 presbytcriis communibus sunt, amictus, 
 alba, cins^ulnm, slola, iiianipulus, et pla- 
 nela. Du Cange. Amiclus quo colltnn 
 striugitur, ef pectus fegitur, castitatem 
 inlerioris liomiiiis designal : tegit enim 
 cor, ne vanilates cogilet ; stringet au- 
 tem collum, }ie inde ad linguam transeat 
 tnendacium. Bruno ] The first or un- 
 dermost part of a priest's habit, over 
 ■^hich he wears the alb. 
 
 Thus pass'd the nisht so foul, till morning fair 
 Came forth with pilgrim steps in amice grev. 
 
 'Milton. 
 
 On some a priest, succinct iu amice white, 
 Attends. Pope. 
 
 Am I'd. \prep. [from a and mid, or 
 A.mi'dst. j midst.] 
 
 1. In the midst; equally distant from 
 either extremity. 
 
 Of the fruit 
 Of each free in the garden we may eat ; 
 But of the fruit of this fair tree aniiilst 
 f he garden, God hath said, ye shall not eat. 
 
 Milton. 
 • I he two ports, the b.agnio. and Donatelli's 
 statue of the great duke, amidst the four slaves, 
 c.'iamed to his pedestal, are very noble sighls. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. Miiigled with ; surrounded by ; in the 
 ambit of another thing. 
 
 Amid my flock with woe mv v ice I te.nr, 
 And, but bewitch'd, who to hfs tiock would moan ? 
 
 o 1 '11 Sidney. 
 
 hohills amid the air encnnuter'd hills, 
 Hurj'd to and fro with jaculation dire. Afi/(«i. 
 
 What have I done, to name that wealthy swain. 
 
 A M I 
 
 The hosir amidst my crystal streams 1 bring, 
 .■Vnd southern winds to blast my rtow'ry spring. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Amata's breast the fury thus invades. 
 And tires with rage amid the sylvan shades. 
 
 Dryden. 
 3. Amongst ; conjoined with. 
 What tho' no real voice nor sound 
 Amid their radiant orbs be found ? 
 In reason's ear they all rejoice, 
 And utter forth a glorious voice. 
 For ever singing, as they shine, 
 " The hand that made us is divine." Addison, 
 
 Ami'ss. adv. [from a, which, in this form 
 of coinposition, often signifies according 
 to, and miss, the English particle, which 
 shews any thing, like the Greek vrx^x, 
 to be wrong; as, to miscount, to count 
 erroneously ; to misdo, to commit a 
 crime: amiss therefore signifies not 
 right, or out of order.] 
 
 1. Faulty; criminal. 
 For that which thou hast sworn to do amiss. 
 
 Is yet amiss, when it is truly dune. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 2. Faultily ; criminally. 
 We hope therefore to reform ourselves, if at any 
 
 time we have done amiss, is not to sever ourselves 
 from the church we were of before. Hojker. 
 
 O ye powers that search 
 The heart of man, and weigh his inmost thoughts. 
 If I have di'ne amtss, impute it not! Addison, 
 
 3. In an ill sense. 
 She sigh'd withal, they constra'd all amiss. 
 
 And thought sbewish'd to kill who long'd to kiss. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 4. Wrong ; improper ; unfit. 
 
 Examples have not generally the force of laws, 
 which all men ought to keep, but of counsels only 
 and persuasions, not amiss to be followed by them, 
 whose case is the like. Hooher. 
 
 Slelhinks, though a man had all science, and all 
 principles, yet it might not Le amisi to have some 
 conscience. Tiltotson. 
 
 5. Wrong ; not according to the perfection 
 of the thing, whatever it be. 
 
 Vour kindred is not much amiss, 'tis true ; 
 Yet 1 am somewhat better burn than you. Dryd, 
 
 I built a wall, and when the mason's plaid the 
 knaves, nothing delighted me so much as to stand 
 by, while my servants threw down what was amiss. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 6. Reproachful ; irreverent. 
 Every people, nation, and language, wliich 
 
 speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, 
 Meshach, and Abednego, shall be cut in pieces, 
 and their houses shall be made a dunghill ; because 
 there is no other Gud that can deliver after this 
 sort. Daniel, iii. 'J9. 
 
 7. Impaired in health; as, I was some- 
 what amiss yesterday, but am well to- 
 day. 
 
 8. Amiss is marked as an adverb, though 
 it cannot alwa^-s be adverbially render- 
 ed ; because it always follows the sub- 
 stantive to which it relates, contrarj' to 
 the niiture of adjectives in English ; and 
 though we say the action was amiss, we 
 ne\er say an amiss action. 
 
 9. Amiss is used by Shakespeare as a 
 noun substantive. 
 
 To mv sick soul, as sin's true nature is. 
 
 Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. 
 
 Hamlet. 
 
 Ami'ssion. n. s. [fimissio, Lat.] Loss. 
 To Ami't. v. a. [amitto, Lat.] To lose- 
 a word little in use. 
 
 A M M 
 
 Ice is water congealed by the fri:;idity of the 
 air, whereby it acquireth no new furm, b.it ralJier 
 a consistence or determination of its dilHuency, 
 and amitteth not its essence, but condition of flui- 
 dity. Brmcn'i Vulg. Err, 
 
 .Vmity. n.s. [amilie,TT. amicitia, Lat,] 
 Friendship, whether publick between 
 nations opposed to u-ar ; or among the 
 people, opposed to discord; or between 
 private persons. 
 
 The prophet David did think, that the very 
 meeting of men together, and their accompanying 
 one another to the house of God, should make 
 the bond of their love insoluble, and tic them in a 
 league of inviolable amity. Hoolier. 
 
 The monarchy of Great Britain was in league 
 and amily with all the world 
 
 Sir John Davies on Ireland, 
 
 You have a noble and a true conceit 
 Of godlike amily; which appears most strongly 
 In Gearing thus the absence of your lord. Shakesp. 
 
 And ye, oh Tyrians, with immortal hate 
 Pursue this race, this service dedicate 
 To my deplored ashes ; let the.-e be 
 'Twixt us aud them no league nor amity. Denham, 
 
 AMMONIAC, w.*. The name of a drug. 
 
 GvM Ammoniac is brought from the Enst Indies, 
 and is supposed to ooze from an unihtrlliferrous 
 plant. DiosC'rides says, it is the juice of a kind 
 of ferula growing in fiarbary, and llis plant is 
 called agasutlis. Pliny calU the tree mfM/iiVn, 
 which, he says, <:rous near ilse Jemple of Jufjiicr 
 Amraon, whence the gum takes ils umne. It 
 out:ht to be in tiry drops, while within, yeiluwish 
 without, easily fusible, res'nous, somewhat hitter, 
 and of a very sharp laste and smell, suiuewhjt like 
 gariick. This cum is said to have served the an- 
 cients for incense, iu tlieir sacrifices. 
 
 Savory. Treionx. 
 
 Sal Ammoviac is a volatile snit of two kind*, an- 
 cient and modern. The ancient sort, described 
 by Pliny and Dioscorides, was a native sail, ge- 
 nerated in those large inns where tlie crowds oi 
 pilgrims, coming from the terai)!e of Jupiter Am- 
 mon, used to i edge ; who travelling upon camels, 
 and those creatures in Cyrene, where that celebra- 
 ted temple stood, urining in the stables, or in the 
 ])arched sands, out of this urine, which is remark- 
 ably strong, arose a kind of salt, denominated 
 sometimes from the temple. Ammoniac, anti some- 
 times from the country, Ctp-fniac. No more of 
 this salt is produced the're ; and from this dLijcieii- 
 cy, some suspect there never was any such thing : 
 but this suspicion is removed, by the large quan- 
 tities of a salt nearly of the same nature, thrown 
 out by Uiount ^tna. 
 
 'Jhe modern sal ammoniac is made in Egypt ; 
 where long-necked glass bottles, filled with soot, 
 a little st-a salt, and the urine of cattle, and hav- 
 ing their mouths luted with a piece uf wet cotton, 
 are placed ov^r an oven or furnace, in a thick bed 
 of ashes, nothing but the necks appearing, and 
 kept there two days and a night, w i:h a continual 
 strong fire. The steam swells up the cotton, and 
 forms a paste at the vent-hole, hinderin:: the salts 
 from e\'aporating ; which stick to the top of the 
 bottle, and are taken out in those large cakes, 
 which they send to England. Only soot exhaled 
 from dung, is the proper ingredient in this prepa- 
 ration ; and the dmig of camels aii'urds the 
 strongest. 
 
 Our chymists imitate the Egyptian sal ammo' 
 niac, by adding one part of common sail to five of 
 urine ; with which some mix that quantity of soo»h 
 and putting; the whole in a vessel, they raise from 
 it, by sublimation, a white, friable, farinaceous 
 substance, which they call sa/ ammoniac. 
 
 Chamhcfs. 
 
 Ammoni'acal. adj. [from ammoniac.'] 
 
 Having the properties of amiuoniac salt. 
 
 Human blood calcined, yields no fixed salt; 
 nor is it a sal ammoniack ; for that remains im- 
 mutable after repeated distillations; aiid distiUa-
 
 A M O 
 
 tioii destroys the ammmiiacul quality of animal 
 salts, and tuins tlietii alkaline : sn that it is a salt 
 lieitlier quite tixed, nor quite volatile, nor quite 
 acid, nor quite aikaliuc, nor quite ammoniacal ; but 
 Soft and benign, approtiching nearest to the na- 
 ture of sal anmioiiiac. Arbulhiiot. 
 
 A M O 
 
 Ammunition, n.s. fsHpposed by some 
 to come from amoniHo, which, in the 
 barbarous ages, seems to have signified 
 supply of provision ; but it surely may 
 be reasonably derived from munilin, for- 
 tification ; choscs a munidons, things for 
 the fortresses.] Military stores. 
 
 They must make tliem;;elves defensible against 
 strangers ; and must have the assistance of some 
 able military man, and convenient arras and 
 ammunition for tlieir defence. Bac(m. 
 
 The colonel staid to put in tlie ammunition he 
 brought with him ; which was only twelve bar- 
 rels of powder, and twelve hundred wei»;ht of 
 match. Clarendon. 
 
 All the rich mines of learning ransackt are, 
 To furnish ammunition for this war. Denham. 
 
 But now his stores of ammunition spent. 
 His naked valour is his only guard : 
 
 Rare thunders are from his dumb cannon sent, 
 And solitary guns are scarcely heard. Dryden. 
 
 Ammuni'tion bread, n. s. Bread for 
 the supply of the armies or garrisons. 
 
 A'mnesty. n. s. [i^i/nria.] An act of 
 oblivion ; an act by which crimes against 
 the government, to a certain time, are 
 so obliterated, that they can never be 
 brought into charge. 
 
 1 never read of a law enacted to take away the 
 force of all laws, by wliich a man may safely com- 
 mit upon the last of .Tune, what he would infalli- 
 bly be hanged for, if he connnilttd it on the first 
 of July ; by which the greatest criminals may es- 
 cape, provided they continue long enough in 
 power to antiquate their crimes, and, by stifling 
 them awhile, deceive the legislature into an am- 
 nesty. Swijt. 
 
 Amni'colist. n.s. [amnicola, Lst.] In- 
 habiting near a river. Diet. 
 
 Amni'genous. 71. s. [amnigenus, Lat.] 
 Born of a river. Diet. 
 
 A'MNION. \n. s. [Lat. perhaps from 
 
 AMNIOS. I af^v®-] 
 
 The innermost membrane with wlilch the foetus 
 in the womb is most immediately' covered, and 
 with which the rest of the secundines, thechorlon, 
 and alanlois, are ejected after birth. It is whiter 
 and thinner than the chorion It also contains a 
 nutritious humour, separated by glands for that 
 purpose, with which tlie foetus is preserved. It 
 is outwardly cloathed with the urinary membrane 
 and the chorion, which sometimes stick so close to 
 oiie another, that they can scarce be separated. It 
 has also its vessels from the same origin as the 
 chorion. Qaincy. 
 
 AMD MUM. n.5. [Lat.] A sort of fruit. 
 
 The commcntarors on Pliny and Dioscorides 
 suppose it to be a fruit dilFerent from ours. 'I'he 
 modern amomum appears to be the sison of the an- 
 cients, or bustard stone-parsley. It resL-mbles the 
 muscat g;rapp, This fruit is brought from the 
 East Indies, and makes part of treacle. It is of 
 a hot spicy taste and smeli. Trevoiu,. Chambers. 
 
 Among. }pr€p, [amang, gemanj, 
 Amo'ngst. J Saxon.] 
 1. Mingled with; placed M'ith other per- 
 sons or things on every side. 
 
 Atmmgst strawberries sow here and there some 
 borage-seed ; and you shall find tlie strawber- 
 ries under those leaves far more large than their 
 fellows. Bacon. 
 
 riie voice of God they heard, 
 Now walking in the garden, by soft winds 
 Brought to tlieir ears, while day declin'd : they 
 
 heard, 
 Anrl from his presence hid themselves, among 
 'i'he thickest tiers, both man and wife. Milton. 
 . Conjoined with others, so as to make 
 part of the number. 
 
 1 have then, as you see, observed the failings of 
 many great wits amongst the moderns, who have 
 attempted to write an epic poem Dryden. 
 
 There were, among the old Roman statues, se- 
 veral of V^enus in dirt'ereut postures and habits; 
 as there are many particular ligures of her made 
 after the same design. Addison. 
 
 A'morist. n.s. [tvom. amour.] An ina- 
 morato ; a gallant ; a man professing 
 love. 
 
 Female beauties are as fickle in their faces as 
 their minds ; though casualties should sjjare them, 
 age brings in a necessity of decay ; leaving doters 
 upon red and white perplexed hy uncertainty 
 both of the continuance of their mistress's kind- 
 ness and her beauty, both wiiich are necessary to 
 the amorist^ joys and quiet. Bottle. 
 
 AMORO'SO. n. s. [Ital.] A man ena- 
 moured. Diet, 
 A'morous. adj. [amoroso, Ital.] 
 I. In love; enamoured ; with the particle 
 of before the thing loved; in Shake- 
 spear e, on. 
 
 Sure my brotlier is amoroits on Hero ; and liath 
 withdrawn her fatlier to break with liim about it. 
 
 Sbakesp. 
 The am'rous master own'd her potent eyes» 
 Sigh'd when he look'd, and trembled as lie drew; 
 
 Each flowing line confirm'd his first surprize. 
 And as the piece advanc'd, the passion grew. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Naturally inclined to love; disposed to 
 fondness; fond. 
 
 Apes, as soon as they have brought forth their 
 young, keep their e3'es fastened on them, and are 
 never weary of admiring their beauty ; so amorous 
 is nature of whatsoever she produces. 
 
 Drijdens DtiJ'resnoy, 
 
 3. Relating, or belonging to love. 
 
 I that am not shap'd for sportive tricks. 
 Nor made to court an n?n'?vus looking-glass, 
 I, that am rudely stampt. Shukesp. Rich.Wl. 
 
 And into all things from her air insjiir'd 
 The spirit of love, and amorous delight. Milton. 
 
 In the amorous net 
 First caught they lik'd ; and each his liking chose. 
 
 Milton, 
 
 O .' how I long my careless limbs to lay 
 Under the plantane's shade, and all the day 
 With amorous airs my fancy fntertain. 
 Invoke the muses, and improve my vein ! Waller. 
 
 A'morously. adv. [from amorous,] 
 Fondly ; lovingly. 
 
 When thou wilt swim in tliat live-bath, 
 Eacli fish, whicii every channel hath, 
 Will amorously to thee swim. 
 Gladder to catch thee, than thou him. Donne. 
 
 A'morousness. 71. s. [from amoj'ous.] 
 The quality of being amorous ; fond- 
 ness ; lovingness ; love. 
 
 All Gynecia's actions were interrupted by Basi- 
 lius, as proceeding from jealousy of his amnrotis- 
 ncss. Sidnetf. 
 
 Lindamor has wit, and amorousness enough to 
 make him find it more easy to defend fair ladies, 
 than fo dct'cnd himself against tlifui. Boylenii Col. 
 
 AMORT, adv. [a la morf,¥r.] In the 
 
 state of the deacl ; dejected ; depressed ; 
 
 spiritless. 
 
 How fares my Kate? what, sweeting, ail amort? 
 
 Shakcsp. Taming of the ^hrew, 
 
 Amortiza'tion. ) «. 6'. [fimoriisseme?it, 
 
 Amo'rtizement. j amortissahhj Fr.] 
 
 The right or act of transferring lands to 
 
 A M P 
 
 mortmain ; that is, to some community, 
 that never is to cease. 
 
 Every one of the religious orders was confirmed 
 by one pope or other ; and they made an especial 
 provision for them, afier the laws (jf amertization 
 were devised and put in use by princes. 
 
 A i/lifl'e's Farergm Juris Canonici. 
 
 To AMORTIZE." v. a. [amorlir, Fr.] To 
 alien lands or tenements to any corpora- 
 tion, guild, or fraternity, and their .■suc- 
 cessors ; which cannot be done vvitliout 
 licence of the king, and the lord of tlie 
 maiiour. Blount. 
 
 'I'his did concern the kinedom, to have farmj 
 
 sutlicient to maintain an able body out uf penur^', 
 
 and to amortize part of the land's i.nto the yen- 
 
 manry, or middle part of tlie people. Bacon. 
 
 To Amo've. v. a. [amopeo, Lat ] 
 
 1. To remove from a post or station: a 
 juridical sense. 
 
 2. To remove ; to move ; to alter : a sense 
 now out of use. 
 
 Therewith, amoved from his sober mood, 
 And lives heyet, said he, that wrought this act ? 
 And do the heavens afford him vital food ? 
 
 Fairy (juem. 
 
 At her so piteout cry was much amov'd 
 Her champion stout. Fairy Queen. 
 
 ToAmo'unt. v. n. [monter, Fr.] 
 1 . To rise to in the accumulative quantity ; 
 to compose in the whole ; with the par- 
 ticle to. It is used of several sums in 
 quantities added together. 
 
 Let us compute a little more particularly how 
 much this will amounlto, or how many oceans of 
 water would be necessary to compose this great 
 ocean fowling in the air, w'ithout b. undsor banks. 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 •2. It is used, figuratively, of the conse- 
 quence rising from any thing taken al- 
 together. 
 
 Theerrours of young men are the ruin of busi- 
 ness ; but the errours of aged men atnount but In 
 this, that more might have been done, or sooner. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Judgments that are made on the wrong side of 
 
 the danger, amount to no more than an alFectation 
 
 of skill, witlumt either creditor efftict.L' Estrange. 
 
 Amo'unt. ft. s. [from To ainojinf.] The 
 sum total ; the result of several sums or 
 quantities accumulated. 
 
 And now, ye lying vanities of life. 
 Where are you now, and what is your amount? 
 Vexation, disappointment, and reiuorse. Thomson. 
 
 Amo'ur. n. s. [amour, Fr. amor, Lat.] An 
 affair of s^allantry ; an intrigi;e : gene- 
 rally used of vitious love. The vu sounds 
 like 00 in poor. 
 
 No man is of so i:eneral and dill'usivi a lust, as 
 to prosecute his amours ail tile worlilnver; and 
 let it burn never so outrageously, yet the impure 
 flame will citiier die of itself, or consume the body 
 that harbours it. South. 
 
 The restless youth search'd all the world armiild ; 
 But how can Jove in hisrtni(J»r.s be found i Addison. 
 
 A'mper. n. s. [ampjie, S.ax.] A tumour, 
 with inflammation ; bile : a word said, 
 by SIcinner, to be much in use in Essex ; 
 but, perhaps, not found in books. 
 
 AMPHI'BK)US. adj. [S^^^. and iSiO-.] 
 , That which partakes of two natures, so 
 as to live in two elements ; as, in air and 
 water. 
 
 A creature of amphibious nature. 
 On land a beast, a tisii in water. Htidth-as. 
 
 Tiiose are called amphibious, which live freely 
 in the air, upon the earth, and yet are observed 
 
 79
 
 A M P 
 
 to live long upon water, as if tlicy were nHtural 
 iilhaljitants uf that clrmciit ; tlioui;li it he wcirlli 
 the cxaiiiinatioii lu know, wIiciIkt any uf those 
 creatures that live at ease, and hy choice, a ^ood 
 while, or at any time, upon the earth, can live a 
 lono tiuie to(;eiher, perfectly under water. Locke. 
 iishes contain luvich oiK and umpliibious ani- 
 mals |>arlicipate somewlial of the nature of lishes, 
 and are oily. Arbuihnot. 
 
 2. Of a mixt nature, in allusion to animals 
 that live in air and water. 
 
 Traulus of aiiiphihi'ius breed, 
 Motley fruit of luun^rel seed ; 
 By the dam from lordlings sprung. 
 By the sire cxhal'd frt»ni dung. Swift. 
 
 Amphi'biousnes.s. 71. s. [from amphi- 
 bious.'] The qtiality of being able to 
 live in different elements. 
 Amphibolo'gical. adj. [from amphi- 
 bology/.] Doubtful. 
 Amphibolo'gically. aih\ [from am- 
 phibological.] Doubtfully ; witli a 
 doubtful meaning. 
 AMPHIBOLOGY, w. s. [a^ip.eo^cyla.] 
 Discourse of uncertain meaning. It is 
 distinguished from equivocation, which 
 means the double signification of a sin- 
 gle word ; as, noli rigem occidtri' timere 
 bonum est, is amphibology ; capture le- 
 pores, meaning by lepores, either hares 
 or jests, is equivocatiun. 
 
 Now the fallacies, whereby men deceive others, 
 and are deceived themselves, the ancients have 
 divided into verbal and real ; of the verbal, and 
 such as conclude from mistakes of the word, 
 there are but two worthy our notati(jn ; the fal- 
 lacy of equivocation, and amphibology. 
 
 Brown's Vittgar Errours. 
 He that affirni'd, 'gainst seiise, snow black to be. 
 Might prove it by this amphihohgy ; 
 Thmgs are not wliat they seen. 
 
 i^erses on Cleavehnd. 
 In defining obvious appearances, we are to use 
 what is most plain and easy ; that tlie mind be 
 not misled by amphibologies mtg fallacious deduc- 
 tions. Glanrille. 
 AMPHI'BOLOUS. adj. [a/ilfli and paM^a.] 
 
 Tossed from one to another ; striking 
 each way. 
 
 Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel 
 both parties declaring themselves for tlie king 
 and making use of his name in all their remon- 
 strances, to justify their actions. Howell. 
 
 Amphi'logy. n. s. [af.upi and Aoy^.] 
 Equivocation ; ambiguity. Diet. 
 
 AMFHJSh/F.NA ii.s. [Lat. aV^,^a.»„.] 
 A serpent sujiposed to have two heads, 
 and by consequence to move with either 
 end foremost. 
 
 That the umphislxemi, that is, a smaller kind of 
 serpent, whicli nioveth forward and backward 
 hath two heads, or one at either extreme, was 
 affirmed by Nicauder, and others. 
 
 Bvouit's Vulgar Errours. 
 Scorpion, and asp, and amphiibana dire. 
 
 Mi7(un. 
 
 AMPHI'SCrr. n.s. [Lat. aix.(p'>cry.,o,, of 
 ctfA,<pi and axM a shadow.] Those people 
 dwelling in climates, wherein ihe sha- 
 dows, at different times of the year, fall 
 both ways ; to the nortli pole, when the 
 sun is in the southern signs ; and to the 
 south pole, when he is in the norllierii 
 signs. Those are the people who in- 
 habit the torrid zone. 
 
 AMPHITHE'ATRE. 71. S. [of aiA.p&ia.T^ov, 
 
 of a-fitpi and 5iaciji.ai.] A building in a 
 circular or oval form, having its area 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A U P 
 
 encompassed with rows of scats one 
 above another: where spectators might 
 beiiold spectacles, as stage plays, or gla- 
 diiitors. The theatres rjf tht ancients 
 were built in the form of a semicircle, 
 only exceeding a just semicircle by one- 
 fourth part of the diameter; and the am- 
 ])hitlieatre is two theatres joined toge- 
 ther; so that the longest diameter of 
 the amphitheatre was to the shortest, 
 as one and a half to one. 
 
 Within, an umphitlieatre appear'd 
 Rais'd in degrees ; to si.xty paces rear'd, 
 'I'hat when a man was |)laced in one degree. 
 Height was allow'il tor liim above to see. Dryden. 
 
 Conceive a man placed in the burning iron 
 chair at Lyons, amid the insults and mockeries 
 of a crowded amphitheatre, and still keejing his 
 seat; or stretched upon a grate of iron, over 
 coals of fire, ami breathing out his soul among 
 the exquisite sufl'erings of such a tedious execu- 
 tion, rather tlian renounce his religion, or blas- 
 pheme his Saviour. Addiison. 
 
 AMPLE, adj. [ampins, Lat.] 
 
 1. Large; wide; extended. 
 Heav'n descends 
 
 In universal bounty, shedding herbs. 
 And fruits, and flowers, on Nature's ample lap. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 2. Great in bulk. 
 
 Did your letters pierce the queen to any de- 
 monstration of grief? . 
 
 She took 'em, and read 'em in my presence, 
 And now and then an ample tear trill'd down 
 Her delicate cheeks. Shakespeare's King Lear. 
 
 3. Unlimited ; without restriction. 
 
 Have what you ask, your presents I i-eceive ; 
 Land where and when you please, with ample 
 leave. _ Drpdcn. 
 
 4. Liberal ; large ; without parsmnony. 
 If we speak of strict justice, God cf)uld no wa 
 
 have been bound to requite man's labours in s 
 large and ample manner as human felicity dot 
 import ; in as unicb as the dignity of this exceed- 
 eth so far the other's \alue. Hooker. 
 
 5. Magnificent; splendid. 
 
 To dispose the jirince the more willingly to 
 undertake his relief, the earl made ample pwnnses, 
 that, within so many days after the siege should 
 be raised, he would advance his highuess's levies 
 with two thousand men. Clarerulon. 
 
 6. Diffusive; not contracted; as, an a7iiple 
 narrative, that is, not an epitome. 
 
 A'mpleness. 71. s. [from ample.] The 
 quality of being ample ; largeness ; 
 S})lendour. 
 
 Impossible it is for a person of my condition to 
 produce any thing in proportion either to the 
 ampUness of the body you represent, or of the 
 places you bear. South. 
 
 To A'mpliate. v. a. [amplio, Lat.] To 
 enlarge; to make greater; to extend. 
 
 He shall look upon it, not to traduce or exte- 
 nuate, but to ex[Jain and dilucidate, to add and 
 ampliate. Brown. 
 
 AiMPLI.\'tion. n.s. [from ampliate.] 
 
 1. Enlargement; exaggeration; extension. 
 Odious matters admit not of an ampliation^ but 
 
 outilit to be restrained and interpreted in the 
 mildest seiise. Ai/liffe's Parergon. 
 
 2. Diffuseness; enlargement. 
 
 The obscurity of the subject, .ind the prejudice 
 and pre[>ossess'iou of most reailers, may plead ex- 
 cuse for any amplintions or repetitions that may 
 be found, whilst I labotif to express myself piaiii 
 and full. Holder. 
 
 To Ampli'ficate. v. a. [amplifico, Lat.] 
 To enlarge ; to spread out; to amplify. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 A M P 
 
 Amplifica'tion. «. s. [ampiijication, 
 Fr. umplijivatiu, I.at.] 
 
 1. Knlargenient; extension 
 
 2. It is usually taken in a rhetorical sense, 
 and implies exa^^rerated lepresenfation, 
 or diffuse narrative ; an iina^je hei/rhten- 
 ed beyond reality ; a narrative enlarged 
 with many circumstances. 
 
 1 s)mll buiiiiiiariiy, y^'whijut m\y amplificatimi at 
 ali, siiew ill what iuaiincr dcfccis have been sup- 
 pi it-d. Daria. 
 
 i liiiics uiiknuwn seem grt-atcr ihan ihcy arc, 
 and arc usually received with amplijicutionx aitoye 
 their nature. Jirowjt's I uigar hrroun. 
 
 is the poet justifiable for relatiiifi«.ut1i incredible 
 ampUticatmis f It may be ;iiiswered, it he had pot 
 thebc ext^avagance^ Into the iiiuuth of t*lvs>es, lie 
 liad been unpardonable ; but thev suit 'well the 
 character of Alcinoub. " Pcpe. 
 
 A'mplifier. n. s. [from To amplify.'] 
 One liiat enlarges any thing ; one that 
 exaggerates; one that represents any 
 thing with a large display of the best 
 circumstances; it beijg usually taken in 
 a good sense, 
 
 Dnrlllaus could ueed no ajnplificr's mouth for 
 tlie highest point of praise. Sidney. 
 
 To A'mplify. v. a. [amplifier^ Fr.] 
 1. To enlarge; to increase any material 
 substance, or object of sense. 
 
 So when a great niuneved man hath divided 
 his chests, and coins, and bags, he seenieth to 
 himself richer than he was: and therefore a way 
 to ainpUtv any thing, is to break it, and to make 
 analoniv uf it iu several [arts, and to examine it 
 accnrdihir to tlie several circumstances. Bacon. 
 All cuncaves that proceed from more narrow 
 to more broad, do amplify the sound at the coming 
 out. Bacon. 
 
 2. To enlarge, or extend any thing in- 
 corporeal. 
 
 As llie reputation of the Roman prelates grew 
 up in these blind ages, so grew up in them withal 
 a desire of amptijiflng their power, that they might 
 be as great in temporal forces, as men's opinions 
 have formed them in spiritual matters. HaUigh. 
 
 S. To exagp^erate any thing ; to enlarge it 
 by the manner of representation. 
 
 Thy general is my lover; I have been 
 The took uf his good acts ; whence men have read 
 His fame unparallel'd, haply amplijied. Shake^. 
 
 Since I have plainly laid open the negligence 
 and errours of every age that is past, I would not 
 willinuly seem to flatter the present, hy amplifying 
 the diligence and true judgment of those servi- 
 tours that have laboured in this vineyard. Danes 
 
 4. To enlarge; to improve by new addi- 
 tions. 
 
 In jiaraphrase the author's words are not sirictlv 
 followed, his sense too is umpli^ed but not altered, 
 as Waller's translation of Virgil. Drjjden. 
 
 I feel age advancing, and my health is uisuf- 
 ficient to increase and amp/i(u lilt se remarks, to 
 contirni and improve these rules, and to illumi- 
 nate the several pages, WatU. 
 
 To A'mplify. v. w. Frequently with tlie 
 particle on. 
 
 1. To speak largely in many ■worJs ; to 
 lay one's self out in difRision. 
 
 \Vhen you aflect to ampiy'y on the former 
 branches of a discourse, you will often lay a ne- 
 cessity upon yourself of cuntractinglhc lat:or, and 
 ])revent yuufself iu the most important part of 
 \uur desfgn. Il'dlfi's JA^g^ck. 
 
 2. To foriu large or pompous representa- 
 tions. 
 
 An excellent medicine for the stone misht be 
 conceived, by amplifying apprelieiisions al)le to 
 break a diaiuonri. Brown s Vulgar h'rronrs. 
 
 I have sometimes been forced to amplrfy on 
 others i but here, where the subject is so fruitful, 
 
 L 73
 
 A INI P 
 
 lliat the harvest overcomes the reaper, 1 am short- 
 ened hy my chain. Dryden. 
 Honier amplifies, not invents ; and as there was 
 really a people called Cyclopcans, so they mighl 
 be nien of great statiire/or giants. Pu;/c's Odyssey. 
 
 A'mplitude. n.s. [amplitude, Fr. am- 
 pliluilu, Lat.] 
 
 1. Extent. 
 Whatever I look upon, within the amplitude of 
 
 heaven and earth, is evidence of human igno- 
 rance. Glaniiille. 
 
 2. Largeness; greatness. 
 Jlcn should learn how severe a thing the true in- 
 quisition of nature is, and accustom themselves, by 
 the light of particulars, to enlarge their minds to 
 the amplitude of the world, and iiot reduce the 
 world to the narrowness of their minds. liacm. 
 
 3. Capacity ; extent of intellectual facul- 
 ties. 
 
 With more than human gifts from heav'n 
 adorn'd. 
 Perfections absolute, graces divine, 
 And amplitude of mind to greatest deeds. Milton. 
 
 4. Splendour ; grandeur ; dignity. 
 In the great frame of kingdoms and common- 
 wealths, it is in the power of princes, or estates, 
 to add amplitude and greatness to their kingdoms. 
 
 Bacons Essays. 
 
 5. Copiottsness ; abundance. 
 You should say every thing which has a pro- 
 per and direct tendency to this end ; always pro- 
 jiortioning the ampUtu<te of your matter, and the 
 fulness of your discourse, to your great design ; 
 the length of your time, to t'lie convenience of 
 your hearers. Wutls'sLugick. 
 
 6. Amplitude cf t/ie range of a projectile, 
 denotes the horizontal line subtending 
 the path in wliich it moved. 
 
 7. Amplitude, in astronomy, an arch of 
 the horizon, intercepted between the 
 true east and west point thereof, and the 
 centre of the sun or star at its rising or 
 setting. It is easterii or ortive, when the 
 star rises; and western or occiduous, 
 when the star sets. The eastern or west- 
 ern uwpiilude are also called northern 
 or southern, as they fall in the northern 
 or southern quarters of the horizon. 
 
 8. IMngnelicul omplitudi: is anarchofthe 
 horizon, contained between the sun at 
 his rising, and the east or west point of 
 the compass; or, it is the difference of 
 the rising or setting of the sun, from the 
 east or west parts of the compass. 
 
 Chambers. 
 A'mply. adv. [ample, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Largely ; liberally. 
 * For whose well-being,' 
 
 So amply, and with hands so liberal, 
 Tliou hast provided all things. 'Milton. 
 
 The evidence they had before was enough, 
 amply enough, to convince them ; but they were 
 resolved not to be convinced : and to those, who 
 are resolved not to be convinced, all motives, all 
 arguments, are equal. Atterbury. 
 
 2. At large; without reserve. 
 
 At return 
 Of him so lately promis'd to thy aid, 
 The woman's seed, obscurely then foretold. 
 Now amplier known, thy Saviour, and thy Lord. 
 
 ■ Milton. 
 
 3. At large ; copiously ; with a diffusive 
 detail. 
 
 Some parts of a poem require to be amply 
 written, and with all the force and elegance of 
 words ; others must be cast into shadows ; that is, 
 passed over in silence, or but faintly touched. 
 
 Vritdens Dufresnoy. 
 
 To A'lNIPUTATE. v. a. [amputo, Lat'.] 
 
 A M U 
 
 To cut off a limb: a word used only in 
 chirurgery. 
 
 Aiiiongsl llie cruizers, it was complained, tliat 
 their surgeons were too active in amputating frac- 
 tured iiienibers. Wisemaiis Surfrery, 
 Amputa'tion. 71. s. [amputatiOy Lat.] 
 I'lie operation of cutting otl" a liinli, or other 
 part of the body. Ihe usual method of per- 
 forming it, ill the instance of a leg, is as follows : 
 The proper part for the operation being four or 
 iive inches beit)\v the knee, the skin ana flesh are 
 first to be drawn very tight upwards, and se- 
 cured from returning hv a ligature t\\'o or llirce 
 fingers broad: above tlils ligature another loose 
 one is passed, for the gripe; which being twisted 
 by means of a stick, may be straitened to any de- 
 gree at pleasure. Then the patient being con- 
 veniently sitviatid, and the operator placed to 
 the inside of the limb, which is to be held by one 
 assistant above, and another below the part de- 
 signed for the operation, and the gripe sufficient- 
 ly twisted to prevent too large an haemorrhage, 
 tlie llesh is, with a stroke or two, to be separated 
 from tlie bone ^^ilh tlie dismembering knife. 
 Then the perio^^iium being also divided from the 
 bone with the back of the knife, saw the bone 
 asunder, with as few strokes as possible. When 
 two parallel bones are concerned, tlic fiesh that 
 grows between them must likewise be sejiaralcfl 
 before the u.se of the saw. This behig done, the 
 gripe may be slackened, to give an opportunity 
 of searching for the large blood vessels, and se- 
 curing the lia>morrhage at their mouths. After 
 Uiakiiig proper applications to the stump, loosen 
 the first ligature, and pull both the skin and the 
 fle>h, as far as conveniently may be, over the 
 stump, to cover it; and secure them \\h\\ the 
 cross stitch made at the depth of half or three 
 quarters of an inch in the skin. Then nppiy 
 pledgets, astringents, plaisters, and other neces- 
 saries. Ckamhers. 
 The Amazons, by the ampntation of their right 
 breast, had tlie freer use of their bow. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 A'mulet. 71, s, [amtilette, Fr. a nmlc turn ^ 
 or amohtum, quod malum amolilur, 
 Lat.] An appended remedy, or preser- 
 vative ; a thin<^ hung about the neckj or 
 any other part of tlie body, for prevent- 
 ing or ciu'ing of someparticuhir diseases. 
 That spirits arc curpnreal, seems at first view 
 aconceit derot;ative unlo himself ; yet herein he 
 eslablishetli the doctrine of lustrations, amukt.s 
 and charms. Broinis Vulvar F.rrflurs'. 
 
 They do not certainly know the fa!>ity of what 
 they report; and theirignorance must serve you 
 as an amulet against the guilt both of deceit and 
 malice. Oorernment of the Tongue. 
 
 Amurco'sity. w. s. [anmrca, Lat.] The 
 quality of Ices or mother of any thing. 
 
 Diet 
 
 To AMU'SE. V. a. [mmser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To entertain with tranquillity; to fill 
 
 with thoughts tliat engage the mind, 
 
 without distracting it. To divtrt im- 
 
 somethinsc more lively, and to 
 
 It 
 
 plies something more lively, 
 please, something more important, 
 is therefore frequently taken in a sense 
 boidering on contempt. 
 
 They think they see visions, and are arrived to 
 
 some extraordinary revelations ; wlien, indeed, 
 
 tliey do but dream dreams, and amuse tliemselves 
 
 with the fantastick ideas of a busy imagination. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 I cannot think it natural for a man,* v. ho is 
 much in love, to amKsehiuisclf witli trilies. Wabh. 
 
 2. To draw on from tii^ie to time; to keep 
 in expectation ; as, he amused his fol- 
 lowers Avith idle promises, 
 
 Amu'sement. n. s. [amuscmenf, Fr.] 
 That which amuses ; entertainment. 
 Every nitcrest or pleasure of life, even the most 
 
 ANA 
 
 trifling amusement, is sulTered to postpone the one 
 thing necessary. liogen. 
 
 During his confinement, his amnsemejit was to 
 give poison to dogs and cats, and see them ex- 
 pire by slower or quicker torments. Pope. 
 
 I was left to stand the battle, while others, 
 who had ijetter talents than a draper, thought it 
 no unpleasant amusement to look on with safety, 
 whilst another "as giving them diversion at the 
 hazard of his liberty. Swift. 
 
 Amu'seh. n. s. [amii.^eur, Fr.] He that 
 amuses, as with false promises. Tlie 
 French word is always taken in an ill 
 sense. 
 
 Amu'sive. adj. [from amtise.l That 
 which has the power of amusing. I 
 know not that this is a current word. 
 
 But amaz'd. 
 Beholds til' amusive arch before him fly. 
 Then vanish quite away. ' Thomson. 
 
 Amy'gdalate. adj. [amygdala, Lat.] 
 Made of almonds. 
 
 Amy'gdaline. adj. [amygdala, Lat.] 
 Relating to almonds ; resembling al- 
 monds. 
 
 An. article, [ane, Saxon; een, Dutch; 
 eine, German.] The article indefinite, 
 used before a vowel, or A mute. See A. 
 
 1. One, but with less emphasis; as, there 
 stands an ox. 
 
 Since he cannot be always employed in study, 
 readinir. aiul conversation, there wiil be many im 
 hour. Besides w hat his e.\ercises will take uj). 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. Any, or some; as, an elephant might 
 swim in this water. 
 
 He was no way at an iircertainty, nor ever in 
 the least at a loss concerning any branch oi it. 
 
 Loche. 
 A wit's a feather, and a chief a rod, 
 .'in honest man's the noblest work of God. Pope. 
 
 3. Sometimes it signifies, like a, some par- 
 ticular state ; but this is now disused. 
 
 It is certain that odours do, in a small dcjiree, 
 nourish i especially- ilie odour of wine; and wc 
 see men an hungred do love to smell hot bread. 
 
 Bacon. 
 i. An is sometimes, in old authors, a 
 contraction of and if. 
 
 He can't flatter, he! 
 An honest mind and plain ; he must speak truth, 
 An\.\\ey will take it so ; if imjI, he's plain. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Sometimes a contraction of and be- 
 fore if. 
 
 Well I know 
 The clerk will ne'er wear hair oil's face that had if. 
 He will an if ho live to be a man. Shuke^p. 
 
 6. Sometimes it is a contraction of as if. 
 
 My next pretty corresiiondent, like Shake- 
 speare's lion ill Pyramus and Tliisbe, roars «n' it 
 were any nighlini^ale. Addison. 
 
 A' is A. adr. [a.va.i\ A word used in the 
 
 prescriptions of physick, importing the 
 
 like quimtity ; as, wine and honey, a or 
 
 ana 5 ii ; that i ■, of wine and honey 
 
 each two ounces. 
 
 In the same weight innocence and prudence 
 
 take. 
 
 Ana of each does the just mixture make. Coicley. 
 
 He'll bring an apothecary with a chargeable 
 
 long bill of anas. Dryden. 
 
 A'NA. n. s. Books so called from the last 
 syllables of their ti'tles ; as, Scaligerana, 
 'I'huaniana ; they are loose thoughts, or 
 casual hints, dropped by eminent men, 
 and collected by their friends. 
 
 Anaca'mptjck. adj. [awx-afiwli.] Re- 
 flecting, or reflected : an anacamptick 
 
 74 
 
 I
 
 ANA 
 
 sound, an echo; an anacamptkk hill, a 
 liill that produces an echo. 
 
 Anaca'mpticks. 71. s. The doctrine of 
 reflected light, or catoptricks. It has 
 no singular. 
 
 Anacatha'rtick. n.s. [.SeeCATHAR- 
 TICK.] Any medicine that works up- 
 wards. Quincy. 
 
 AyACEPHAL/EOSIS. n.s. [ira^lipu ^ 
 >ai«<ri;. ] Ilecapitulation, or summar}' of 
 the principal heads of a discourse. Diet. 
 
 Ana'chouete. 7 n. J. [sometimes viti- 
 
 Ana'chorite. 5 ously written ancho- 
 rite ; a»ax''?«'^'^5-] ^ monk who, with 
 the leave of his superiour, leaves the 
 convent for a more austere and solitary 
 life. 
 
 Ycl lit-s not love dead here, liut lierc dotli sil, 
 Vow'd to this trc-iicli, like an anachorite. Donne. 
 
 Ana'chronism. n. s. [from iw and 
 Xf'»©-.] An errour in comj)uting time, 
 by which events are misplaced with 
 regard to each other. It seems pro- 
 perly to signify an errour by which an 
 event is placed too early ; but is gene- 
 rally used for any errour in chronology. 
 This leads lue to the defence of tiie famous ana- 
 chronism, in (uakinff ^^Liieas and Dido cotempora- 
 ries ; for it is certani, that the hero lived afmost 
 two hundred vears before the building of Car- 
 thage, DrucUn. 
 
 A>"ACLATIcks. n. s. [a»a and x/iu.] 
 The doctrine of refracted light ; diop- 
 tricks. It has no singidar. 
 
 ANADfPLOSIS. n. s, [avaJiwAt^ij.!.] 
 Reduplication ; a figure in rhetorick, in 
 which the last word of a foregoing mem- 
 ber of a period becomes the first of the 
 following ; as, he retained his virtues 
 amidst all his misfortunes, misfortunes 
 which only his virtues brought upon him. 
 
 ANAGOGE'TICAL. adj. [avayiyn.] That 
 which contributes or relates to spiritual 
 elevation, or religious raptures ; myste- 
 rious ; elevated above humanity. IJict. 
 
 Anago'gical. adj. [anagogique, Fr.] 
 Mysterious ; elevated ; religiously ex- 
 alted. Diet. 
 
 Anago'gically. adv. [from anagogi- 
 cal.'\ Mystei iously ; with religious 
 elevation. 
 
 A'NAGIl.VM. 71. S. \a.ti. and y^dfiua..] A 
 conceit arising from the letters of a name 
 transposed ; as this, of \V,i,l,l,i,a,m, 
 N,o,y, attorney-general to Charles I. a 
 very laborious man, / moyl in law, 
 
 Tlioush all her parts be not in tli' usual place. 
 She lialli vet the ana^anis of a good face : 
 If nc might put the Tetters but one «av. 
 In that lean dearth of words what coulil we say ? 
 
 Donne. 
 Thy genius calls thee not to purchase fame 
 In keen iambicks, but mild anagram. Drudcn. , 
 
 An AGRAMMATISM, n. s. [from ana- 
 gram.] The act or practice of making 
 anagrams. 
 
 The only quintessence that hitherto the alchv- 
 my of wit could dniw out of names, is anrgrain- 
 malism, or metagraunnatism, which is a dissolu- 
 tion of a name truly written into its letters, as 
 its_ elements, and a" new connexion of it by arti- 
 ficial transposition, without addition, substraction, 
 or change of any letter, into difl'eront words, mak- 
 
 ANA 
 
 ing some perfect sense applicable to the person 
 named. Camden. 
 
 Anagra'mmatist. »i. s. [from a7ia- 
 o'j-a77i.] A maker of anagrams. 
 
 7'o Anagra'mmatize. v.n. [anagram- 
 mntiser, Fr.] To make anagrams. 
 
 Anale'ptiCK. adj. [oLtaXr.v'.iK'^.'] Com- 
 forting; corroborating: atcrmofphy- 
 sick. 
 
 Anatrptick medicines cherish the nerves, and 
 rcnev/ the spirits and strength. Quiiu-i/- 
 
 Ana'logal. adj. [from analogous] 
 Analogous ; having relation. 
 
 AVhen I see many anatngal motions in animal>, 
 thoigh I cannot call Ihcni voluntary, yet I see 
 them' spontaneous, I have reason to conclude 
 that these in their principle are not simply nie- 
 clianical. Haie. 
 
 Analo'gical adj. [from analogy^ 
 
 1. Used bv way of analogy. It seems pro- 
 perly distinguished from analogous, as 
 words from things ; analogous signi- 
 fies having relation, and analos;ical 
 ha^'ing the quality of representing re- 
 lation. 
 
 It is looked on only as the image of the true 
 God, and that not as a proper likeness, but by 
 anatogicul representation. Stiltingjieei. 
 
 Wiien a word, which originally signifies any 
 j>articulur idea or object, is attributed to several 
 other objects, not by way of resemblance, but on 
 the account of s me evident reference to the ori- 
 ginal idea, this is peculiarly called an analogical 
 word ; so a sound or healthy pulse, a sound di- 
 gestion, sound sleep, are so called, with reference 
 to a sound aiid healthy constitution ; but if you 
 speak of sound doctrine, or sound speech, this is 
 by way of resemblance to health, and the words 
 are nie'taphorical. ll'titr^'i Logick. 
 
 2 Analogous ; having resemblance or 
 relation. 
 
 There is placed the minerals between the in- 
 animate and vegetable province, participating 
 something analogiad to either. 
 
 Hale's Orig. cf Mankind. 
 
 Analo'giCALLY. adv. [from analogical] 
 In an analogical manner ; in an analo- 
 gous manner. 
 
 I am convinced, from the simplicity and uni- 
 fonnity of the Divine Nature, and'of all his 
 works, that there is some one universal princi- 
 ple, running through the whole system of crea- 
 tures analogically, an I congruous to their relative 
 natures. Cluijne. 
 
 Analo'gicalness 77. s. [from analogi- 
 cal.] The quality of being analogical ; 
 fitness to be applied for tlie illustration 
 of some analogy. 
 
 An.\'LOGISM. 71. S. [an»Xoyi<7fto{.] An 
 argument from the cause to the effect. 
 
 To Analogize, r. a. [from analogy.] 
 To explain by way of analogy ; to form 
 some resemblance between different 
 things ; to consider something with re- 
 gard to its analogy with somewhat else. 
 AVe have systems of material bodies, diverslv 
 figured and 'situated, if separately considered"; 
 they represent the object of the desire, which is 
 analogized by attraction or gravitation. Cheynf. 
 
 Ana'logols. adj. [ita and Xo'y®..! 
 
 1. Having analogy ; bearing some resem- 
 blance or proportion ; having something 
 parallel. 
 
 Exercise makes things easy, that would be 
 otherwise very hard ; as, in labour, watchin2;s, 
 heats, and colds ; and theii there is sometliiiij; 
 analogous in the exercise of the mind to that ot 
 the body. It is folly and infirmity Oiat makes 
 us delicate and fruward. LEstrangc. 
 
 ANA 
 
 Many important consequences may be drawQ 
 from the observation of the most common things, 
 and anahgotu reasonings from the causes of them. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. It has the word to before the thing to 
 which the resemblance is noted. 
 
 'ibis incorporeal substance may have some sort 
 of existence, anaiigons to cor, breal extension: 
 though we have no adequate conception hereof. 
 
 .\N.\'LOGY. 77. S. [dia>.ayist.] 
 
 1. Resemblance between tilings with re- 
 gard to some circumstances or efl'ccts ; as, 
 learning is said to enlighten the mind ; 
 that is, it is to the mind what light is to 
 the eye, by enabling it to discover that 
 which was hidden before. 
 
 From God it hath proceeded, that the chnrch 
 hath evermore held a prescript form of common 
 prayer, although not in all things every where 
 tJie same, yet, for the most part, retaining the 
 same analogy. llo>tUtr. 
 
 What I here observe of extraordinary revela- 
 tion and prophecy, will, by anatifgij and'due pro- 
 portion, extend even to those coin'munications of 
 God's will, tliat are requisite to salvation. South. 
 
 2. When the thing to which the analogy 
 is supposed happens to be mentioned, 
 analogy has after it the panicles to or 
 with ; when both the things are men- 
 tioned after analogy, the particle be- 
 tween or beticixt is used. 
 
 If the body politick have any analogy to the 
 natural, an act of oblivion were necessary in a 
 hot distempered state. Dnjden. 
 
 By analogy u-ith all other liquors and concre- 
 tions, the form of the chaos, whether li(|uid or 
 concrete, could not be the same with that of the 
 present earth. Burnet s Theory. 
 
 If we make Juvenal express the customs of our 
 country, rather than of Rome, it is when there 
 was so'nie analogy betu'tit the customs. Drydcn. 
 
 3. By grammarians, it is used to signify 
 the agreement of several words in one 
 common mode ; as, from love is formed 
 loved; from hate, hated; from grieve, 
 grieved. 
 
 Ana'LYSIS. 71. S. [aroAta-i;.] 
 
 1. A separation of a compound body into 
 the several parts of which it consists. 
 
 There is an account of dew falling, in some 
 places, in the form of butter, or grease, which 
 grows extremely fetid ; so that the analysis of tlie 
 dew of anv place, may, perhaps, be the best me- 
 thod of linding such' contents of the soil as are 
 within the reach of the sun. .irinuhnct. 
 
 2. A consideration of any tiling in parts, 
 so as that one particular is first con- 
 sidered, then another. 
 
 Analysis consists in making experiments and 
 observations, and in drawing general conclusions 
 from them by induction, and admitting of no ob- 
 jections but such as are taken from experiments, or 
 other certain truths. \eu-ton's Opticks. 
 
 3. A solution of any tiling, whether cor- 
 poreal or mental, to its first elements ; 
 as, of a sentence to the single words ; of 
 a compound word, to the particles and 
 words which form it ; of a tnne, to sin- 
 gle notes; of an argument, to simple 
 propositions. 
 
 \A"e cannot know any tlibig of nature, but bv 
 an analysis of its true initial causes ; till we know 
 the first springs of natural motions, we are still 
 but ignorants. GlaniilU. 
 
 .Analytical, adj. [ftoxa analysis.] 
 1. That which resolves any thing into first 
 
 principles ; that which separates any 
 
 comixiund. See Analysis. 
 
 75
 
 ANA 
 
 Ehher may be probably mainlalnod against 
 the iiKicciirateiiess of the analyiical experiments 
 vulgarly relied on. _ Boi^le. 
 
 2. That which proceeds by analysis, or by 
 taking tlie parts of a compound into dis- 
 tinct and particular consideration. 
 
 Descartes hath here infinitely outdone all the 
 philosophers that wijit before'him, in giving a 
 particular and analiftktd account of the universal 
 f.ibrick : yet he in1;ends his principles but for hy- 
 potheses. Gtuneille. 
 
 Analy'tically. adv. [from analytical.] 
 In such a manner as separates com- 
 poimds into simples. See Analysi.s. 
 
 Analy'tick. adj. [awXt/liK©-.] The man- 
 ner of resolving compotinds into the 
 simple constituent or component parts, 
 applied chiefly to mental operations. 
 
 He was in logick a great critick, 
 Profoundly ski'll'd in anuliitick. Hudibras. 
 
 Analtilick method takes the whole compound 
 as it finds it, whether it be a species or an indivi- 
 dual, and leads us into the knowledge of it, by 
 resolving into its first principles, or parts, its ge- 
 nerick iratnre, and its special properties ; and 
 therefore it is called the method of resolution. 
 
 Watts's Logick. 
 
 To A'NALYZE. v. a. [dm\ta.] To resolve 
 a compound into its first principles. 
 See Analysis. 
 
 Chemistry enabling us to depurate bodies, and 
 in some measure, tO(oi«/i/2ethem, and take asunder 
 their heterogeneous parts, in many chymical expe- 
 riments, we^may, better than in others* know what 
 manner of bodies we employ ; art llaving made 
 them more simple or uncompounded, than nature 
 alone is wont to present them us. ^ Boyle. 
 
 To analyze the imuiorality of any action into 
 its last priiiciples; if itbe erijiuircd. Why such an 
 action is to be avoided? the immediate answer is, 
 Because it is sin. ^ Norris's Miscell. 
 
 When the sentence is distinguished into subject 
 and predicate, proposition, argument, act, object, 
 cause, ertect, adjunct, opposite, i!Sfc. tlien it is 
 analyzed analogically and metaphysically. This 
 last is what is chiefly meant in the theological 
 schools, when they speak of analijzmg a text of 
 scripture. lr«(fs*5 Logick. 
 
 A'nalyzer. n. s. [from To analyze.'] 
 That which has the power of analyzing. 
 
 Particular reasons incline rae to doubt, whether 
 the fire be the true and universal analyzer of mi.\t 
 bodies. Buijle. 
 
 ANAMORPHOSIS, n. s. [aVi and 
 Ho^(l>6u.] Deformation ; a perspective 
 projection of any thing, so that to the 
 eye, at one point of view, it shall appear 
 deformed, in another, an exact and re- 
 gular representation. Sometimes it is 
 made to appear confused to the naked 
 eye, and regular, when viewed in a 
 mirrour of a certain form. 
 
 ANA'NA. n. s. The pine apple. 
 
 The species are, 1. Oval-shapod pine-apple, 
 with a whitish flesh. 2. Pyramidal pine-ajiple, 
 with a yellow flesh. 3. Pine-apple, with smooth 
 leaves. 4. Pine-apple, with shining green leaves, 
 and scarce any spines on their edges. 5. The 
 olive-coloured pine. _ Milter. 
 
 Witness thou best anana, thou the pride 
 Of vegetable life, beyond whate'er 
 The poets iniag'd in the golden age. Thomson. 
 
 ANA'NA. K'ild. The same with pen- 
 guin. See PENGUIN. 
 
 Anapaest, s. A foot in poetry, con- 
 sisting of two short and one long sylla- 
 ble, the reverse of a dactyl. 
 
 ANAPHORA. 11. s. [dvcitpc^a.] A figure, 
 when several clauses of a sentence are 
 begun with the same word, or sound ; as. 
 
 ANA 
 
 Where is the wist? Where is the seribe? 
 Where is the diyputer of this world ? 
 
 AnAPLEEOTICK. adj. [amorAjjgow.] That 
 which fills up any vacuity ; used of ap- 
 plications which promote flesh. 
 
 ANARCH, n. s. [See Anarchy.] An 
 author of confusion. 
 
 Him thus the anarch old. 
 With fault'ring speech, and visage incompo.s'd, 
 Answer'd. ildion. 
 
 Ana'rchical. adj. \fxom anarchy.] Con- 
 fused ; without rule or government. 
 
 Iji this anurcldrcd and rebellious state of human 
 nature, the facidlies belonging to the material 
 world presume to determine tlie nature of sub- 
 jects belonging to the supreme Spirit. Cheyne. 
 
 A'narchy. n. *. [ara^x'"] Want of go- 
 vernment; a stateinwhich every man is 
 unaccountable ; a slate without magis- 
 tracy. 
 
 Where eldest Night 
 And Chaos, ancestors of Nature, hold 
 Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise 
 Of endless wars, and by confusion stand. Milton. 
 Arbitrary power is but the first natural step 
 from anarchy, or the savage life ; the adjusting 
 power and 'freedom being an efl'ect and conse- 
 quence of raaturer thinking. Sfri/t. 
 
 ANASARCA, n. s. [from dta. and o-a^l.] 
 A sort of dropsy, where the whole sub- 
 stance is stuffed with pituitous humours. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 When the iyropha stagnates, or is extravasated 
 under the skin, it is called an anasarca. 
 
 Arbutlnwt on Diet. 
 Anas.\'rcous. adj. [fi'om anasarca.] Re- 
 laiing to an anasarca; partaking of the 
 nature of an anasarca. 
 
 A gentlewoman laboured of an ascites, with an 
 anasarcons swelling of her belly, thighs, and legs. 
 
 ]Viseman. 
 
 Anastoma'tick. adj. [from a»a and 
 s-ofia.] That which has the quality of 
 opening the vessels, or of removing ob- 
 structions. 
 
 ANASTOMOSIS, n.s. [from «a and 
 ro^a.] The inosculation of vessels, or 
 tlie opening of one vessel into another ; 
 as, of the arteries into the veins. 
 
 AN. 4' ST HOP HE. n. s. [a.^r^oipij, a pre- 
 posterous placing, from ata.r^i(pu.] A 
 figurewhereby words which should have 
 been precedent, are postponed. 
 
 ANATHEMA, n. s. [d^cc^^f^a..] 
 
 1. A curse pronounced by ecclesiastical 
 authority ; excommunication. 
 
 Her bare anathemas fall but like so many liriita 
 
 fnlmina upon the schismatical ; who think tliem- 
 
 'selves shrewdly hurt, forsooth, by being cut otV 
 
 from the body, which they choose not to be of. 
 
 Sonth's Sermons. 
 
 2. The object of the curse, or person cursed. 
 This seems the original meaning, though 
 now little used. 
 
 Anathema'tical. adj. \froxaanathema.] 
 That which has the properties of an ana- 
 thema; thatwhich relates toan anathema. 
 
 Anathema'tically. adv. [fromanfl/Ae- 
 maticul.] In an anathematical manner. 
 
 To Anathe'matize. v. a. [from anathe- 
 ma.] To pronounce accursed by ecclesi- 
 astical authority ; to excommunicate. 
 
 They were ihereforc to be anathematized, aiul, 
 with detestation, branded and banished outof the 
 church. Hammond. 
 
 ANA 
 
 AnATI'feROUS. ac/J. [from a?ias andyir*?, 
 Lat.] Producing dutks. Not in use. 
 
 If ihert bo anatijeroua trees, who.sc corru[)li()ji 
 breaks forth into barnacles ; ytM, if ihey corrupt, 
 they degetierale intomaggois vhich pfocluce not 
 them again. ihouna I ul^ar Krrours. 
 
 Ana'tocism. ?i.s, [anatocismus, Lat. 
 ecviAloma-jj.Q^.I The accumulation of inte- 
 rest upon interest ; the addition of the 
 interest due for money lent, to the ori- 
 ginal sum. A species of usury gene- 
 rally forbidden. 
 
 Anato'mical. adj. [from anatany,'] 
 
 1. Relating or belonging to anatomy. 
 When we are taught by logick to view a thing 
 
 completely in ail its parts, by the help of division, 
 it has the use of an anatomical knife, which dis- 
 sects an aninml body, and separates thcvtins, ar- 
 teries, nerves, muscles, membranes, 5fc. and sliews 
 us tiie several parts which go to the composition 
 of a complete animal. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Proceeding upon principles taught in 
 anatomy; considered as the object of 
 anatomy. 
 
 There is a natural, involuntary distortion of the 
 muscles, wliich is the a7ia(om(Va/ cause of laughter ; 
 but there is another cause of laughter, which de- 
 cency requires. Swif't. 
 
 3. Anatomized ; dissected ; separated. 
 The continuation of solidity is apt to be con- 
 founded with, and, if we will look into the minute 
 anatomical parts of matter, is little ditierent from 
 hardness. Locke. 
 
 Anato'mically. adv. [from anatomU 
 cal.] In an anatomical manner; in the 
 sense of an anatomist ; according to the 
 doctrine of anatomy. 
 
 While some affirmed it had no gall, intending 
 only thereby no evidence of anger or fury, others 
 have construed anatomicalhi, and denied that part 
 at all. Browns Vulgar Erroiirs, 
 
 Ana'tomist. n.s. [acolo^o?.] He that 
 studies the structure of animal bodies, 
 by means of dissection ; he that divides 
 the bodies of animals, to discover the 
 various parts. 
 
 y^nfl(();«i.sts adjudged, tliat if nature had been suf- 
 fered to run her own course, without this fatal in- 
 terruption, he might have doubled his age. Howel* 
 
 Hence when anatomkts discourse. 
 How like brutes organs are to ours ; 
 They grant, if higher powers tliink fit, 
 A bear might soon be made a wit ; 
 And that, for any thing in nature. 
 Pigs might squeak love odes, dogs bark satire. 
 
 Prior, 
 To ANA'TOMIZE. V. a. [afoIefAVW.] 
 
 1. To dissect an animal ; to divide the body 
 into its component or constituent parts. 
 
 Ourindustry must even auatomizeevCTy particle 
 of that body, "which we are to uphold. Hooker. 
 
 2. To lay any thing open distinctly, and 
 by minute parts, 
 
 I speak but brotherly of liim. but should Iflna- 
 tomize him to thee as he is, I must blush and weep, 
 and then must look pale and wonder. Shukesp. 
 
 Then dark distinctions reason's light disguis'd. 
 And into atoms truth anntomiz'd. Denkam 
 
 ANATOMY. 71. s. [dycclofxU.] 
 
 1. The art of dissecting the body. 
 
 It is proverbially said, Formict^ sua biUs inest ha' 
 bet ct musca splenem ; whereas these parts anatomy 
 hath not discovered in insects. Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 It is therefore in tlie amttomu of the mind, as in 
 that of the body ; more good will accrue to man- 
 kind, by attending to the large, open, and per- 
 ceptible parts, than by studynig too much such 
 finer nerves and vessels, aswilTfor ever escape 
 our observation. Pope. 
 
 2. The doctrine of the structure of the 
 body, learned by dissection. 
 
 76
 
 A N c: 
 
 X^t the muscles be well inserted and bound to- 
 gether, according tu llie knowledge of tlicin which 
 is given us by anutomy. Drydcn. 
 
 3. The act of divitiing any thing, whether 
 corporeal or inteJIcctual. 
 
 When a moneyed man iiath divided his chests, 
 he seenieth to liitnself richer ilian be was ; there?- 
 fore, a way to aiiipiify any thing, is to break it, 
 and tu make anatomy ol" it ni several parts. Bacon. 
 
 4. The body stripped of its integuments ; 
 a skeleton, 
 
 O that my tongue were in tlio thunder's raoutli, 
 Then wiih a passion I would shake the world,; 
 And rouse from bleep that fill anatomy, 
 Which cannot lu-ar a feeble lady's voice. Shake.tp. 
 
 5. By way of irony or ridicule, a thin 
 meagre person. 
 
 They brtmght one Pmch, a hungry lean-fac'd 
 villain, 
 A mere anatomu, a mountebank, 
 A tlirea<l-bare juggler, and a fortune-teller, 
 A needy, hollou-ey'd, sharp looking wretch, 
 A living dead man. ShaKv.sp. Comedy of' Ettouvs. 
 
 A NATRON, n. s. The scum which swims 
 upon the molten glass in the furnace, 
 wliich, when taken off, melts in the air, 
 and then coagulates into common salt. 
 It is likewise that salt which gathers 
 upon the walls of vaults, 
 A'nuury. 71, s. See Ambury. 
 A'NCESTOR, 71. s. [ancestor, Lat. an- 
 ceshr, fr.] One from whom a person 
 descends, cither by the father or the mo- 
 ther. It is distinguished from prede- 
 cessor; which is not, like ancestor^ a na- 
 tural, but civil denomination. An he- 
 reditary monarch succeeds to his an- 
 cestors; an elective, to his predecessors. 
 
 And she lies buried with her ancestors, 
 O, in a tomb w here never scandal slept, 
 Save this of her's. Shake^p. Much ado about Koth. 
 Cham was the paternal ancestor ofNinus, the 
 father of Chus, the grandfather of Ninirod ; whose 
 son was Belus, the faiher of Ninus. Ua(ei<^h. 
 
 Obscure! why pr'ylhee what aiii I? I know 
 RIy father, grandsire*, and great graiidsire too : 
 If farther I derive my pedigree, 
 I can but guess beyond the fourth degree. 
 The rest of my forguttcn anctstors 
 Were sons of earth, like him, or sons of whores. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 A'ncestrel. adj, [from ariceslor.] 
 Claimed from ancestors ; relating to 
 ancestors : a term of law. 
 
 Limitation in actions CHCcrtr^/, was anciently so 
 here in England. Hale. 
 
 Ancestry, n.s, [from ancestor.'] 
 J. Lineage ; a series of ancestors, or pro- 
 genitors ; the persons who compose the 
 lineage. 
 
 Phedon I hight, quoth he ; and do advance 
 Mine ancestry from famous Coradin, 
 Who first to raise our house to honour did begin. 
 
 Spenser. 
 A tenacious adherence to the rights and liber- 
 lies transmitted from a wise and virtuous ances- 
 try, publick spirit, and a love of one's country, 
 are the support and ornaments of governmenl. 
 
 Addison. 
 Say from what scepter'd ancestru vc claim. 
 Recorded eminent in deathless fanie*? Pope. 
 
 2. The honour of descent; birth. 
 
 Titlf and ancestrii render a good man more il- 
 lustrious, but an ill one more contemptible. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 A'nchentry. n. s. [from ancient^ and 
 therefore properly to be written an- 
 cientrt/.] Antiquity of a family ; ancient 
 
 A N c 
 
 dignity; appearance or proof of anti- 
 quity. 
 
 Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is a Scotch 
 jig, a measure, an<l a cJnque pace ; the first suit is 
 hot arul hasty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fan- 
 tastical ; the wedding mannerly modest, as a mea- 
 sure full of state and anchintry ; and then comes 
 repentance, and with his bad legs falls into the 
 cinque pace faster and faster, till he sinks into his 
 grave. Shakespeare. 
 
 ANCHOR, w. s. [anchorn, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A heavy iron, composed of a long shank, 
 having a ring at one end to which the 
 cable is fastened, andatthe other branch- 
 ing out into two arms or flooks, tending 
 upwards, with bai-bs or edges on each 
 side. Its use is to hold the ship, by 
 being fixed to the ground. 
 
 He said, and wept : then spread his sails before 
 Tlie winds, and reach'd at length theCuraan shore: 
 Their anchors dropt, his crew the vessels moor. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. It is used, by a metaphor, for any thing 
 which confers stability or security. 
 
 Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, 
 both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into 
 that within the veil. Hebrew.'^. 
 
 3. The forms of speech in which it is 
 most commonly used, are, to cast anchor^ 
 to lit or ride at anchor. 
 
 Tlie Turkish general, perceiving that the Rho- 
 dians would not be drawn forth to battle at sea, 
 ■withdrew his fleet, when casting anchor, and land- 
 ing his men, he burnt the corn. 
 
 Knolkss History of the Turks. 
 Ent'ring with the tide. 
 He dropp'd his anchors, and his oars he jdv'd ; 
 Furl'd every sail, and drawing down the mast. 
 His vessel moor'd, and mad:: with haulsers fast. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Far from your capital my ship resides 
 At Reithrus, and secure at aiichor rides. Pope. 
 
 To A'nchor. u. n. [from a7ichcr.] 
 
 1. To cast anchor; to lie at anchor. 
 
 The fishermen that walk upon the beacli 
 Appear like mice ; and yon tall anchorins; bark 
 Diminish'd to her cock. Shakcsp. King Lear. 
 
 Near Calais (he .Spaniards Q?)c/jo?e(/, e.\peciiiig 
 their land-forces, which came not. Bacon. 
 
 Or the strait course to rocky Chios jdow, 
 And ujichor uuder Mimos' shaggy brow. Pope. 
 
 2. To stop at ; to rest on. 
 
 My intention, hearing not my tongue, 
 Anchors on Isabel. Shakespeare. 
 
 To A'nchor. v. a. 
 
 1. To place at anchor ; as, he anchored 
 his ship 
 
 2. To fix on. 
 
 My tongue should to my ears not name my boys. 
 Till ihat my nails were anchor d in thine eyes. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 A'nchor. 7k s. Shakespeare seems to 
 have used this word for anchoret, or 
 an abstemious recluse person. 
 
 To desperation turn my trust and hope ! 
 An anchor's clieer hi [ rison be my ^cope ! 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 A'nchor-hold. n. s. [from anchor and 
 hold.] The hold or fastness of the 
 anchor; and, figtiralivcly.. security. 
 
 The old English could express must aptly all 
 the conceits of the mind in tiieir own tongue, 
 without borrowing from any ; as for example : the 
 holy service of Cod, which the Latins catted re- 
 ligion, because it Uniued the niinds of men to- 
 gether, and most people of J'.nrope have borrowed 
 the same from them, they called most signifi- 
 cantly can-Jastuess, as the one and only assurance 
 and last anchor-hvtd of our souls health. Camden. 
 
 A N C 
 
 A'NCHOR-SMITH. n. s. [from anchor and 
 sj/iiV/i.] Tlie maker or forger of anchors. 
 Sinitliing coiiiprflir-iKls a)l trade!) uhich use si- 
 llier forge or lile, from lite anchor-smith lo Ihc 
 watcliniaker; they all workiiii; by the same rules, 
 though not with eiiuaj exactness ; aud all usiiig the 
 same tools, though of several si/es. 3foKm. 
 
 A'nchorage. n.s. [from ancAor.] 
 1. The hold of the anchor. 
 
 L^t iiic resrilve whether there be indeed such 
 efficacy in nurture aiid lirst pruductiufi ; for if 
 that sujfpiisal shoultj fail us, all our flnfftornge were 
 loose, and we should but wander in a wU»l sea. 
 
 W'nttm. 
 2 The set of anchors belonging to a ship. 
 The bark that hath discharg'd her freight. 
 Returns with precious lading to the bay. 
 From whence at first she weigh'd her anchorage. 
 
 Shu^u.<peare 
 
 3. The duty paid for the liberty of anchor- 
 ing in a port. 
 
 Anchored, particip. adj. [from To 
 anchor.] Held by the anchor. 
 
 Like a well-twisted cable, holding fast 
 The anchor d vessel in the loudest blast. Waller. 
 
 Anchoret. \ n. s. [contracted from 
 
 A'NCHORITE. I aitn(horit, ajx^u^r,Tr,^.'] 
 
 A reclu.se; a hermit; one that retires to 
 the more severe duties of religion. 
 
 His piietry indeed he took along with liim ; but 
 he ma .e that an anchor'tte as well as himself. Sprat. 
 
 Vou describe so well your herniitical state of 
 life, that none of the ancient anchorites could go 
 beyond you, for a cave in a rock, with a fine 
 spring, or any of the accommodations that befit a 
 solitary life. Pope. 
 
 Ancho'vy. n. s. [from anchova, Span, or 
 anchioe, Ital. of the same signification.] 
 A little sea-fish, much used by Tvay of 
 sauce, or seasoning. Sarary. 
 
 We invent new sauces and pickles, which re- 
 senibie the animal ferment in taste and virtue, 
 as the fatso-acid gravies of meat ; tlie salt pickles 
 offish, anchovies, oysters. FUnjer. 
 
 .\NC1ENT. adj. [uncien, ¥r. antiquus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Old ; that happened long since ; of old 
 time; not modern. Jjicient and old are 
 distinguished ; old relates to the dura- 
 tion of the thing itself, as, an old coat, a 
 coat mucli worn ; and ancient, to time 
 in general, as, an ancinil dress, a habit 
 u.sed in former times. But this is not 
 always observed, for we mention old 
 customs ; but though old be sometimes 
 opposed to modern, ancient is seldom 
 opposed to new, but when new means 
 modern. 
 
 Ancient tenure is that wherebv all the manours 
 Klunuing to the crown, in St. "Edward's or Wil- 
 liam tile Conquerour's days, did hold. The num- 
 ber and names of which manours, as all others 
 belongiiig to common | ersons, he caused to be 
 written in a book, after a survey made of them, 
 now remaining in the Exchequer, and called 
 Doomsday Book ; and such as by that book ap- 
 ])eared to'have belonged to the crown at that time, 
 are called ancient demesnes. CouxU. 
 
 2. Old ; that has been of long duration. 
 ^Vith the ancient is wisdom, and in length of 
 
 days understanding. Job, xn. 12. 
 
 Thales aliirms, "that God comprehended all 
 tilings, and that God was of all things the most 
 ancient, because he never had any beguining. 
 
 ^ ^ Raletgh. 
 
 Industry 
 Gave tile tall ancioit forest to his axe. Thomson. 
 
 3. Past ; former. 
 
 1 see thy fury : if I longer stay. 
 We shall begin our tncient bickerings. Sliaktsp. 
 
 77
 
 AND 
 
 A'ncient, n.s. [h-om aticitnl, adj.] 
 \. Those tliat lived in old time were call- 
 ed anrients, opposed to the moderns. 
 
 And though the ancients thus their rules invade, 
 As liings dispense "itli laws tlicnisclvcs have 
 
 made; 
 JModerns, beware ! or if you must offend 
 Against the precept, ne'er transgress its end. Pope. 
 2. Senior: not in use. 
 
 He toutlietli it as a special pre-eminence of Ju- 
 nius and Andronicus, that in Christianily they 
 ■were his ancients. Hooker. 
 
 A'ncient. n.s. 
 
 1. The flag or streamer of a ship, and, 
 formerly, of a regiment. 
 
 2. The bearer of a flag, as was Ancient 
 Pistol; whence, in present use, ensign. 
 
 This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. — 
 The same indeed, a very valiant fellow. Shahcip. 
 A'nciently. adv. [from ancirnl.] In 
 old times. 
 
 Trebisond anciently pertained unto this crown ; 
 now unjustly possessed, and as unjustly abused, 
 by those wlio have neither title to bold it, nor 
 virtue to rule it. Sidnei/. 
 
 The colewort is not an enemy, though that were 
 ancientlif received, to the vine only, but to any 
 other plant, because it draweth stroiigly the fattest 
 juice of the earth. Bacon. 
 
 A'ncientness. m. s. [from ancient.] 
 Antiquity ; existence from old times. 
 
 The Fescenine and Saturnian were the same ; 
 they were called Saturnian from tlu:lr ancient ness, 
 ■when Saturn reigned in Italy. Vrydeii. 
 
 A'ncientry. n.s. [i'rom ancient.] The 
 honour of ancient lineage ; the dignity 
 of birth. 
 
 * Of all nations under heaven, the Spaniard is 
 the most mingled, and most uncertain. Where- 
 fore, most foolishly do the Irish think to eimoble 
 themselves, by wresting their ancientrii from the 
 Spaniard, who is unable to derive himself from 
 any in certain. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 I'here is nothing in the between, but getting 
 wenches with child, wronging the ancicntni, steal- 
 ing, lighting. Shakespeare. 
 
 Ancle. See Ankle. 
 
 A'ncony. n. s. [in the iron mills.] A 
 bloom wrought into the figure of a flat 
 iron bar, about three foot long, with two 
 stjuare rough knobs, one at each end. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 And. conjunction. 
 
 1. The particle by which sentences or 
 terms are joined, which it is not easy to 
 explain by any synonimous word. 
 
 Sure his honesty 
 Got him small gains, but shameless flattery 
 And filthy beverage, and unseemly thrift, 
 Jind borrow base, and some good lady's gift. 
 
 Spemer. 
 
 What shall I do to be for ever known, 
 And make the age to come my own? Cowley. 
 
 I'he Danes uuconquer'd offspring march be- 
 hind ; 
 And Morini, the last of human kind. Drydcn. 
 
 It shall ever be my study to make discoveries of 
 this nature in human life, and to settle the pro- 
 per distinctions between the virtues and perfec- 
 tions of mankind, and those false colours and re- 
 semblances of them that shine alike in the eyes of 
 the vulgar. Aildis'm. 
 
 2. And sometimes signifies though, and 
 seems a contraction of and if. 
 
 It is the nature of extreme self-lovers, as they 
 will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast 
 their eggs. Bacon. 
 
 3. In and if, the and is redundant, and 
 is omitted by all later writers. 
 
 A N E 
 
 I pray thee, Launce, an i/tliou seest my boy. 
 Bid liiii) make haste. 
 
 - Shakesp. Two Gent, of Verona. 
 
 A'ndiron. w. s. [supposed by ^ikinner 
 to be corrupted from hand-iron ; an 
 iron that may be moved by the hand, 
 or may supply the place of a hand.] 
 Irons at the end of a fire-grate, in which 
 the s|)it turns ; or irons in which wood 
 is laid to burn. 
 
 If you strike all entire body, as an andiron of 
 brass, at the top, it makctli a more treble sound, 
 and at llic bolloin a baser. Bacon. 
 
 Andro'gyn AL. adj. [from iyvi^ and yin.] 
 
 Having two sexes ; hermaphroditical. 
 Andro'gynally. adv. [(rom androgi/- 
 nal] In the form of hermaphrodites ; 
 with two sexes. 
 
 The examples hereof have undergone no real 
 or new transexion, but wore androf^ijnaUy born, 
 and under some kind of hermaphrodites. 
 
 Broun s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Andro'gynous. adj. The same with 
 
 androgynal. 
 ANDHOGYNUS. n s. [See Andro- 
 
 gynal] An hermaphrodite ; one that 
 
 is of both sexes. 
 Andro'tomy. n. s. [from a.n^ and T/|H»i) ] 
 
 The practice of cutting human bodies. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 A'nECDOTE. n. S. [a.si-Aorov.'] 
 
 1. Something yet unpublished; secret 
 history. 
 
 Some modern anecdotes aver. 
 He nodded in his elbow chair. Friar. 
 
 2. It is now used, after the French, for a 
 biographical incident ; a minute pas- 
 sage of private life. 
 
 Anemo'graphy. n.s. [Sftfi^-and y^a(pu.'\ 
 The description of the winds. 
 
 AnEMO'METER. n. S. [a.njx.'^ and iih^ov ] 
 
 An instrument contrived to measure 
 the strength or velocity of the wind. 
 ANEMONE. n.s. [avE^wm.] The wind 
 flower. 
 
 Upon the top of its single stalk, surrounded by 
 a leaf, is produced one naked flower, of many pe- 
 tals, with many stamina in the centre; the seeds 
 are collected into an oblong head, and surrounded 
 with a copious down. The principal colours in 
 aneniojties, are white, red, blue, and purple, some- 
 times curiously intermixed. Miller. 
 
 Wind llowers are distinguished into those with 
 broad and liard leaves, ant) those with narrow and 
 soft ones. The broad-leaved anemony roots should 
 be planted about the end of September. These 
 vitli small leaves must not be put into the ground 
 till the end of October. J^lortimcr. 
 
 From the soft wing of vernal breezes shed, 
 Anemonies, auriculas, enrich'd 
 With shining meal o'er all their velvet leaves. 
 
 'riiomsm. 
 
 A'nemoscopE. n. s. [a«ft©' and o-xoa-©'.] 
 A machine invented to foretel "the 
 changes of the wind. It has been ob- 
 served, that hygroscopes made of cat's 
 gut proved very good anciitoscopts, sel- 
 dom failing, by the turning the index 
 about, to foretel the shifting of the 
 wind. Chambers. 
 
 Ane'nt. prep. A word used in the 
 Scotch dialect. 
 
 1. Concerning; about; as, hesaidnothing 
 anent this particular. 
 
 A N G 
 
 2. Over against; oppcsite to; as, he lives 
 
 anent the murktt-housc. 
 Anes. 7 »i. s. The spires or beards of 
 Awns. \ corn. Diet, 
 
 A'neurism. n. s. [ktiv^itu.] A disease 
 of the arteries, in which, eitlier by a 
 preternatural weakness of any part of 
 them, they become excessively dilated ; 
 or, by a wound through their coats, the 
 blood is extravasated amongst the avU 
 jacent cavities. Sharp. 
 
 In the orifice, there was a throbbing of the ar- 
 terial blood, as in an aneitrism, Wiseman. 
 
 Ane'w. adv. [from a and neiv.] 
 
 1 . Over again ; another time ; repeatedly. 
 This is the most common use. 
 
 Nor, if at mischief taken, on the ground 
 Be slain, but [iris'ners to the pillars bound, 
 At either barrier plnc'd ; nor, captives made, 
 Be freed, or, arni'd aneiv, the fight invade. Dryden. 
 
 That, as in birth, in beauty yon excel, 
 The muse might dictate, and tlie jioet tell : 
 Your art no other art can speak ; and you. 
 To show h'jw well you play, must play anew. 
 
 Prier. 
 
 The miseries of the civil war did, for many 
 years, deter the inhalntants of our island from the 
 thoughts of engaging aneiy in such desj.erate un- 
 dertakings. Addiion. 
 
 2. Newly ; in a new manner. 
 
 He who begins late, is obliged to form anew the 
 whole dispositixjn of his soul, to acquire new ha- 
 bits of life, to practise duties to which he is ut- 
 terly a stranger. Rogert. 
 
 Anfra'ctuose.\ a<//. [from anfracttis. 
 Anfractuous. j Lat.] Winding; ma- 
 zy ; full of turnings and winding 
 passages. 
 
 Behind the drum are several vaults and anfrac- 
 tnose cavities in the ear-bone, so to intend the 
 least sound imaginable, that the sense miglit be 
 affected with it ; as we see in subterraneous caves 
 and vaults, how the sound is redoubled. Ray. 
 
 Anfra'ctuousness. n. s. [from anfrac- 
 tuous.] Fulness of windings and turn- 
 ings. 
 
 Anfra'cture. n. s. [from anfractus, 
 Lat.] A tiu-ning; a mazy winduig and 
 turning. . Diet. 
 
 A'NGEL. n. s. [ay/JAo? ; angelus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Originally a messenger. A spirit em- 
 ployed by God in the administration of 
 human affairs. 
 
 Some holy angel "'/% 
 
 Fly to the court of England, and unfold 
 His message ere he come. Shakespeare. 
 
 Had we sucli a knowledge of the constitution 
 of man, as it is possible angels have, and it is ce»- 
 tain his Maker lias ; we should have a quite other 
 idea of his essence. Locke, 
 
 2. Angel is sometimes used in a bad 
 sense ; as, angels of darkness. 
 
 And they had a king over tlicin, which was the 
 angel of the bottomless pit. Revclalioru, 
 
 3. Angel, in scripture, sometimes means 
 man of God, prophet. 
 
 i. Angel i-i used, in the style of love, for 
 a beautiful person. 
 
 Thou hast the sweetest face I ever look'd on. 
 Sir, as I have a soul, she is an angel. Shakesp. 
 
 o. A piece of money anciently coined and 
 iinpressed with an angel, in memory of 
 an observation of Pope Gregory, that 
 the pagan Angli, or English, were 90 
 beautifttl, that, if they were Christians, 
 they would be Angeli, or angels. The 
 coin was rated at ten shillings. 
 
 78
 
 A N G 
 
 Take an emptv-bason, p\it an angei of gold, or 
 what voii will, into it; tficil go so far from the 
 basoii, till yun cuimut st-e the angel, ht-causcit is 
 not ill a rigiu lino ; tlieil fill liic basoii with water, 
 and you "ill sec it out of its place, because of 
 the reflection. Bacou. 
 
 Shake the bags 
 Of hoardiii" abbots ; their iinprison'd angels 
 Set thou at liberty. Shakespenn-. 
 
 An'gel. adj. Resembling angels; ange- 
 lical. 
 
 T have mark'd 
 A thousand blushing apparitions 
 Start inio her face ; a tliousand innocent shames 
 Inaiigc'/ whiteness bear away those blushes. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Or virjjins visited by angel powers. 
 
 With golden crowns, and wreathes of heav'nly 
 
 flow'rs. I'c'pe s Rape nf the Lock. 
 
 A'ngel-like. adj. [horn angel and like.] 
 
 Resembling an angel. 
 
 In heav'n itself thou sure wert drest 
 With that angcl'like disguise. Waller. 
 
 A'ngel-shot. n. s. [perhaps properly 
 angle-shot, being folden together with 
 a hinge.] Chain-shot, being a cannon 
 bullet cut in two, and the halves being 
 joined together by a chain. Diet. 
 
 ANGELICA. 71. s. [Lat. ab angelica 
 virlute.l The name of a plant. 
 
 It has w'inijed leaves divided into large seg- 
 ments ; its stfdks are hollow and jointed ; the 
 flowers grow in an uniliel upon the toj)s of the 
 stalks, and consist of live leaves, succeeded by 
 two large channelled seeds. 
 
 The species are, 1. Common or manured an- 
 gelica, i. Greater wild angelica. 3. Shining Ca- 
 nada angelica, i. Mountain perennial angelica, 
 with coluuibiiic leaves. Miller. 
 
 ANGELICA, n. s. (Berry bearing) 
 [Aralia, Lat.] A plant. 
 
 The llower consists oi many leaves, exj-anding 
 in form of arose, ^vhich are naked, growing on 
 the top of the ovary : these flowers are succeeded 
 by globular fruits,' which are soft and succulent, 
 and full (»f oblong seeds. Miller. 
 
 Ange'lic.\l. adj. [tmgelicus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Resembling angels. 
 
 It discovereth unto us the glorious works of 
 God, and carrielh up, witii an angelical swiftn'_-ss, 
 our eyes, that our uiind, beiaii informed (if his 
 visible marvels, may coatinuairy travel upward. 
 
 lUleigh. 
 
 2. Partaking of the nature of angels. 
 
 Others more mild. 
 Retreated in a silent valley, sing 
 With notes angelical to many a harp 
 Their own heroick deeds, and hapless fall 
 By doom of battle. MilUw. 
 
 3. Belonging to angels ; suiting the na- 
 ture or dignity of angels. 
 
 It maj' be encouragement to consider the plea- 
 sure of speculations, which do ravish and sublime 
 tJic thoughts with more clear angelical content- 
 ments. Witkins's Vicdalus. 
 
 Ange'licalness. n. s. [from angelical.] 
 The quality of being angelical; resem- 
 blance of angels ; excellence more than 
 human. 
 
 Angelick. adj. [angeliciis, Lat.] Par- 
 taking of the nature of angels ; ange- 
 lical ; above human. 
 
 liere ha[)py creature, fair angelick Eve, 
 Partake thuu" also. Milton. 
 
 iMy fancy form'd thee of angelick kind. 
 Some emanation of th' all-beauteous mind. Pope. 
 
 A'NGELOt. n. s. a musical instrument 
 somewhat resembling a lute. Diet. 
 
 A'NGER. n. s. [A word of no certain ety- 
 mology, but, witli most probability, 
 derived by itlcinner, fiom apje. Sax. 
 
 A N G 
 
 vexed; which, however, seems to come 
 originally from tlie Latin ango.] 
 
 1. Anger is tmeasiness or discomposure of 
 the mind, upon tlie receipt of any in- 
 jury, with a present purpose of revenge. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Anger is like 
 A fidl hot horse, who being allow 'd his way. 
 Self-mettle tires him. Shakespeare. 
 
 Was the Lord displeased against the rivers ■ 
 was thine anger against the rivers, was thy wrath 
 against the sea, that thou didst ride upon thine 
 horses and thy chariots of salvation? Habb. ill. 8. 
 
 Anger is, according to some, a transient hatred, 
 or at least very like It. Si^tth. 
 
 2. Pain, or smart, of a sore or swelling. 
 In tiiis sense it seems plainly deducible 
 from atigor. 
 
 I made tlie experiment, setting the moxa where 
 the first violence of my pain began, and where 
 the greatest anger and soreness still continued, 
 notwithstanding the swelling of my foot. Temple. 
 
 To .Vnger. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To make angry ; to provoke ; to enrage. 
 
 "Who would anger the meanest artisan, which 
 carrieth a good mind ? llmker. 
 
 Sometimes he angers mc. 
 With telling me of the moldwarp and the ant. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 There were some late tases and impositions in- 
 troduced, which rather angered than grieved the 
 people. Cbrendon. 
 
 It anger'd Turenne, once upon a day. 
 To see a footman kick'd that took bis pay. Pope. 
 
 2. To make painful. 
 
 He turneth the humours back, and niaketh the 
 wound bleed inwards, and angereth malign ulcers 
 and pernicious imposthumations. Bacon. 
 
 A'ngerly. adv. [from anger.] In an 
 angry manner; like one offended : it is 
 now written ans;rily. 
 Why, how now, Hecat ? jou look nngerly. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Such jesters dishonest indiscretion, is rather 
 
 charitably to be pitied, than their exception either 
 
 angerly to be grieved at, or seriously to be ccui- 
 
 futcd. Canw. 
 
 .\ngio'gRAPHY. n. s. [from iyFtTo} and 
 y^x(j>(ii.] A description of vessels in the 
 human body ; nerves, veins, arteries, 
 and lyiTiphaticks. 
 
 Angio'logy. n.s. [from iyHrui' and ^ayof] 
 A treatise or discourse of the vessels of 
 a human body. 
 
 Angiomonospe'rmous. adj. [from 
 ayfiioi, fMtoi;, and aiti^fici..] Such plants 
 as have but one single seed in the seed- 
 pod. 
 
 Angio'tomy. n. s. [from ayFiT'", and tbixvu 
 to cut.] A cutting open of the vessels, 
 as in the opening of a vein or artery. 
 
 -VNGLE. n. .s. [angle, Fr. angulu.f, Lit.] 
 The space intercepted between two lines 
 intersecting or meeting, so as, if conti- 
 nued, they would intersect each other. 
 
 .ingle of the centreofa circle, is .in angle whose 
 vertex, or angular point, is at the ceiure of a 
 circle, and wliose legs are two semidiaineters of 
 that circle. Stone's Diet. 
 
 A'NGLE. n. s. [angel, Germ, and Dutch.] 
 An instrument to take fish, consisting of 
 a rod, a line, and a hook. 
 
 She also had an angle in her hand ; but the 
 taker was so taken, that she had forgotten tak- 
 ing. Sidney. 
 
 Give me thine angle, we'll to the river there, 
 I\Iy musick jjlaying far otf, I will betray 
 Tawny-linn'd fish ; my bending hook shall pierce 
 Their slimy jaws. %akesp€arc. 
 
 A N G 
 
 The patient fisher takes his silent stand. 
 Intent, his angle Ireuibling in his hand : 
 With looks unmov'd, he lioies the scaly breed. 
 And eyes the dancing cork and bending' reed. 
 
 Pope 
 To A'ngle. v. 71. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To fish with a rod and hook. 
 
 The ladies angling in the crystal lake, 
 Feafct on the waters with the prey they take. 
 
 Walicr, 
 
 2. To try to gain by some insinuating ar- 
 tifices, as fislies are cauglit by a bait. 
 
 If he spake courteously, be angled the people's 
 hearts : if he were silent, he mused upon some 
 dangerous plot. Sidnty. 
 
 By this face. 
 This seeming brow of justice, did he win 
 The hearts of all that lie ilid angle for. Shake.'p. 
 
 The pleasant'st angling is to see the fish 
 Cut with her golden oars the silver stream. 
 And greedily devour the treacherous bait ; 
 So angle we for Beatrice. Shakesjiearc. 
 
 A'ngle rod. «. s [angel roede, Dutch ] 
 The stick to which the line and hook 
 
 are hung. 
 
 It dilfereth much in greatness ; the smallest be- 
 ing fit for thatching of liouscs ; the second big- 
 ness is used for angle-rods; and, in China, for 
 beating of olienders upon the thighs. Bacon. 
 
 He makes a May -fly to a miracle, and furnishes 
 the wiiole country with angle-rmU. .-iddison. 
 
 A'ngler. n. s. [from angle.] He that 
 fishes with an angle. 
 
 He, like a patient angler, ere he strook. 
 Would let theiii play a while upon the hook. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Neither do birds alone, but many sorts of 
 
 fishes, feed upon insects; as is wellknowii to 
 
 anglers, who bait their hooks with them. Ray. 
 
 A'nglicism. n. s. [from Anghis, Lat] 
 A form of speech peculiar to the En- 
 glish language ; an English idiom. 
 
 They corrupt their stile witb untutored angli- 
 cisms. Milton. 
 
 .Vngober. n.s. A kind of pear. 
 -Vngour. n. s. [angor, Lat.] Pain. 
 
 If the patient be surprised with a lipothymons 
 
 angouT, and great oppression about the stomach, 
 
 expect norelief from cordials. Harvey. 
 
 -Vngrily. adv. [from angrt/.] In an 
 
 angry manner; furiousl)'; peevishly. 
 
 I will sit as quiet as a Iamb ; 
 I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word. 
 Nor look upon the iron angrily. Shakespeare. 
 
 .\'ngry. adj. [from anger.] 
 
 1. Touched with anger ; provoked. 
 
 Oh let not the Lord be angry, and 1 vnU speak- 
 peradventurc there shall be tliirly found there. 
 
 Gen. xviii. 5t). 
 
 2. It seems properly to require, when the 
 object of anger is mentioned, the particle 
 at before a thing, and iriih before a per- 
 son : but this is not always observed. 
 
 Your Coriolanus is not much missed, but with 
 his friends: the comiuonweallb doth stand, and 
 so would do, were he angry at it. Shakespeare. 
 
 Now therefore he not grieved, nor angry with 
 Yourselves, that ye sold me hither r for Ood did 
 send me before yim to preserve life. Gen. xir. 5. 
 
 I tliink it a vast pleasure, that whenever two 
 people of merit regard one anotlier, so man^ 
 scoundrels envy and are angry at them. Swijt. 
 
 3. Having tiie appearance of anger; 
 
 having tlie effect of anger. 
 
 The north wind driveth aw ay rain : so dotb an 
 an^ru countenance a backbiting tongue. 
 ° Prov. XXV. 23. 
 
 ■i. In cbiriu'gery, painful; inflamed; smart-
 
 A N G 
 
 This srniiii, being accompanied by the tliinner 
 parts uf ihc blood, grows led and au^rtj ; and, 
 wanting its due ret^ivss into the mass, tiisl gathers 
 into a hard swelling, and, in a few days, ripens 
 into matter, and so discliargelh. ]\ isemau. 
 
 A'nguish. n. s. [anguisse, Fr. aiigor, 
 Lat.] Excessive pain either oi' mind or 
 body ; applied to the mind, it means the 
 pain of sorrow, and is seldom used to 
 siiirniiy other passions. 
 
 Not all so clieert'ul seemed slie of siglit. 
 As was her sister; whether dread did dwell. 
 Or anguish, in her heart, is hard to tell. 
 
 Fairif Queen. 
 Virtue *s but anguish, when 'tis several. 
 By occasion wak'd, and circumstantial ; 
 True virtue's soul 's alwaj's in all deeds all. Donne. 
 They had persecutors, whose in\emion was as 
 great as their cruelty. Wit and malice conspired 
 to find out such deaths, and those of such incredi- 
 ble anguish, that only the manner of dying was 
 the punishment, death itself the deliverance. 
 
 South. 
 Perpetual a7iguish fills bis anxious breast. 
 Not stopt by business, nor compos'd by rest; 
 No musick cheers him, nor no feast can jilcase. 
 
 Driiden. 
 A'nguished. adj. [from anguish.'] Seiz- 
 ed with anguish ; tortiu-ed; excessively 
 pained : not in use. 
 
 Feel no touch 
 Of conscience, but of fame, and be 
 Anguish'd, not that 'twas sin, but that 'twas slic. 
 
 Donnt^. 
 
 A'ngular. adj. [from angle.'] 
 
 1. Having angles or corners; cornered. 
 
 As for the fii;ure of crystal, it is fur the most 
 part hexanonaf, or six ce'ruercd, being built upon 
 a confused matter, from wiience, as it were from 
 a root, angular figures arise, even as in the ame- 
 thyst and basaltes. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. Consisting of an angle. 
 The distance of the edges of the knives from 
 
 one another, at the distance of four inches from 
 the angular point, where the edges of tlie knives 
 
 - meet, was the eighth part of an inch. 
 
 Newton's Opticks. 
 
 Angula'rity. n. s. [from angular.] 
 The quality of being angularj or having 
 corners. 
 
 A'ngularly. adj. [from angular.] With 
 angles or corners. 
 
 Another part of the same solution alTorded us 
 an ice angularli) figured. Boi/le. 
 
 A'ngularne.ss. n. s. [from angular.] 
 The tjnality of being angular. 
 
 A'ngulated. adj. [from angle.] Form- 
 ed with angles or corners. 
 
 Topazes, amethysts, or emeralds, which grow 
 in the fissures, are ordinarily crystallized, or shot 
 into angulated figures ; wh'ereas, in the strata, 
 they are found in rude lumps, like yellow, pur- 
 ple, and green pebbles. ii'oadward. 
 Angulo'sity. n. s. [from angvlons.] 
 Angularity ; cornered form. Diet. 
 A'ngulous. adj. [from angle.] Hooked; 
 angular. 
 
 Nor can it be a difference, that the parts of 
 solid bodies are held together by hooks, and uwu- 
 lous involutions ; since the coherence of the parts 
 of these will be of as difficult a coiiceplion. 
 
 GUinville. 
 
 Aj^gv'st. adj. [angustus, L&t.] Narrow; 
 strait. 
 
 Angu.sta'tion. n. s. [from angustus.] 
 The act of making narrow; straitening; 
 the state of being narrowed. 
 
 The cause may be referred either to the gru- 
 mousness of the" blood, or to obstruction of the 
 vein somewhere in rts passage, by some angustation 
 upon it by part of the tumour. Wiseman, 
 
 A N I 
 
 .\nhela'tion. n. s. [anlulo, Lat.] The 
 act of panting ; the state of being out of 
 breath. 
 
 Anhelo'se. adj. [aiilielus, Lat.] Out of 
 breath ; panting ; labouring of being 
 out of breath. Did. 
 
 Anie'nted. adj. [aneanfir, Fr.] Frus- 
 trated; brought to nothing. 
 
 Ani'chts. adi'. [from a for at, and night.] 
 In the night time. 
 
 Sir Toby, you must come in earlier anights; 
 my lady takes great exceptions at your ill huurs. 
 
 Shakespsare. 
 
 A'nil. n. s. The shrub from whose leaves 
 and stalks indigo is prepared. 
 
 Ani'leness. ^ n. s. [anilitas, Lat.] The 
 
 Ani'lity. J state of being an old wo- 
 man ; the old age of women. 
 
 A'nimable. adj. [from animate.] That 
 which may be put into life, or receive 
 animation. Diet. 
 
 Animadve'rsion. n.s. [animadversio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Reproof; severe censure ; blame. 
 
 He dismissed tluir commissioners with severe 
 and sharp animadversions. Clarendon 
 
 '2. Punishment. When the object of ani- 
 
 madversion is mentioned, it has the 
 
 particle on or upon before it. 
 
 When a bill is debating in parliament, it is 
 usual to have the controversy bandied by pam- 
 phlets on both sides ; without the least animadier- 
 sion upon the authors. Swift. 
 
 3. Inlaw. 
 An ecclesiastical censure, and an ecclesiastical 
 
 animadversion, are ditierent things ; for a censure 
 has a relation to a spiritual punishment, but an 
 animadversion has only a respect to a temporal 
 one ; as, degradation.'and the delivering the per- 
 son over to the secular court. Aittijfe's Pnrergon. 
 
 4. Perception ; power of notice : not in use. 
 The soul is the sole percipient whicli bath ani- 
 
 madrersion and ^ense, properly so called. Glanvillc. 
 
 -\nimadve'r.sive. adj. [from animad- 
 vert.] That has the power of per- 
 ceiving; percipient: not in use. 
 
 The representation of objects to the soul, the 
 only animadvcrsive principle, is conveyed by mo- 
 tions made on the immediate organs of sense. 
 
 Glanville. 
 
 Animadve'rsiveness. n.s. [fromani- 
 madrcrsiee.] The power of animad- 
 verting, or making judgment. Diet. 
 
 To ANIMADVERT, v.n. [animaduerto, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To pass censures upon. 
 
 I should not animadvert on him, who was a 
 jiainful observer of the decorum of the stage, if 
 ho had not used extreme severity in his judgment 
 of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dri/den. 
 
 2. To inflict punishments. In both senses 
 with the particle upon. 
 
 If tire .A.ulhor of the universe animadverts upon 
 men here below, how nmch more will it become 
 him to do it upon their entrance into a higher 
 state of being .■' Grew. 
 
 .\nimadve'rter. n. s. [from animcd 
 vert.] He that passes censures, or 
 inflicts punishments. 
 
 God is a strict observer of, and a severe ani- 
 madveiter vpon, such as presume to partake of 
 those mysteries, without such a preparation. 
 
 South. 
 
 A N 1 
 
 A'NIMAL. 71, s. \jinimal, Lat.] 
 1. A livincr creature corpcre;;!, distinct, 
 on the one side, from pure spirit; on 
 the other, from mere matter. 
 Animals are such beings, uliich, besides 
 the power of growing, and pioducing 
 their like, as plants and vegetaljies have, 
 are endov^ed also with sensation and 
 spontaneous motion. Mr. Rtn^ gives 
 us two schemes of tables of tlic-m. 
 Animnis arc either 
 f Sanguineous, that is, such as have bluuil, wiiicli 
 breathe eithtr by 
 Lungs, h;tvin<i; citlier 
 
 (Two ventricles in their heart, and thuse 
 either 
 
 ! r Viviparous, 
 
 I J J ) Aquatick, as the wh 
 ■^ •< i "S if Terrestrial, as quad: 
 I I 'Oviparous, as blrdb. 
 
 hale kind, 
 quadrupeds ; 
 parous, as birdb. 
 But one ventricle in the heart, as frogs, tor 
 I I l^ toises, and serpents. 
 
 I I Giils, as all sanguineous fishes, except the 
 j L whale kind. 
 
 I Exsanguineous, or without blood, ■whicli may be 
 I divided into 
 f Greater, and tho.«e either 
 I f Naked, 
 
 I J ( Terrestrial, as naked snails. 
 \ ? Aquatick, as the puulp, cuttle-fish, &c. 
 ^ Covered with a tegument, either 
 
 1' i Crustaceous, as lobsters and crab-fish, 
 t Testaceous, either 
 f Univalve, as limpets; 
 I ) Bivalve, as oysters, muscles, cockles; '' 
 
 I (^ Turbinate, as periwinkles, snails, iScc. 
 
 L Lesser, as insects of all sorts. 
 Viviparous hairy animals, or quadrupeds, are either 
 rHoofed, wiiicli are either 
 
 j ( Whole-footed or hoofed, as the horse and ass ; 
 I ( Cloven-footed, having the hoof divided into 
 I { Two principal parts, called bisulca, either 
 f Such as cnew not the cud, as swine ; 
 s Ruminant, or such as chew the cud j divided 
 I J- into 
 
 [ ! Such as have perpetual aud hollow horns. 
 I I Beef-kind, 
 ^ J s Sheep-kind, 
 I ' (-Goat-kind. 
 
 I Such as have solid, branched, and deciduouB 
 I [ horns, as the deer-kind. 
 I four pans, or quadrisulca, as the rhinoceros 
 [ and hippopotamus. 
 l^Clawed or digitate, having tiie foot divided into 
 rTwo parts or toes, having two nails, as the 
 ■| caiuel-kind ; 
 I Many toes or claws ; either 
 S Undivided, as the elephant ; 
 1 Divided, which have either 
 ( Broad nails, and an human shape, as apes ; 
 t Narrower, and more pointed nails, 
 which, in respect of their tecih, are divided into 
 such as have 
 pMany foreteeth, orcutters, in each jaw j 
 ' The greater, which have 
 
 A. shorter snout and rounder head, as the 
 
 cat-kind ; 
 A longer snout and head, as the do^-kind. 
 The lesser, the vermin or weazel-kind. 
 Only two Urge and remarkable foreteeth, all 
 I which are phytivorous, and are called tiie hare- 
 l tind. R,iy. 
 
 Vegetables are proper enough to repair animah, 
 as being near of the same spccifick gravity with 
 the animal jiiices, and as consisting of the same 
 parts with animal substances, spirit, water, salt, 
 oil, earth, all which are contained in the sap they 
 derive from tlie earth. Arhuthiiot on Alimenf^. 
 
 Some of the animated substances have various 
 organical or instrumental parts, fitted for a va- 
 riety of motions from place to place, and a spring 
 of life within themselves, as beasts, birds, fishes, 
 and insects ; these are called animals. Other ani- 
 mated substances are called vegetables, which 
 have within themselves the principles of another 
 sort of life and growth, and of various produc- 
 tions of leaves and fruit, such as we see in plants, 
 herbs, and trees. Watts' s togkk, 
 
 80 
 
 Th 
 I- Tl,
 
 A N I 
 
 2. By way of contempt, we say of a stu- 
 pid man, that he is a iliipid iinimal. 
 A'nimal. adj. [animalis, Lat.] 
 
 1. That wliich belongs or relates to ani- 
 mals. 
 
 There are things in Ihc world of spirits, wlicro- 
 in our ideas are very dark and confused ; such as 
 their union witli animal nature, tlie way of their 
 acting uu luatcrial beings, and their converse "ith 
 c:.ch otlier. 1\'utti'.i Lcprk. 
 
 2. Animal functions, distinguished from 
 natural and vital, are the lower powers 
 of the mind; as tlie will, memory, and 
 imagination. 
 
 3. Animal life is opposed, on one side, to 
 intelhctual; and, on the otlier, to vege- 
 table. 
 
 4. Animal is used in opposition to spiri- 
 tual or rational ; as, the animal n.-iture. 
 
 Anima'lcule. M.S. [aiiimalcuhim, hat.] 
 A small animal; particularly those, 
 which are in their first and smallest state. 
 We are to ];no\v, that tliey all come of tiie 
 seed of animalcules ol llicir own liind, that v.ere 
 before laid there. Rau. 
 
 Amma'lity. n. s. [from animal.] The 
 state of animal existence. 
 
 The word animal, in the first proposition, only 
 signifies human animalittt. In the minor j^roposi- 
 tion, the word animal, for the same reason, signi- 
 fies the animatity of a goose : tliereby it becomes 
 au ambiguous term, and unfit to build the conclu- 
 sion upon. Watts. 
 
 To ANIMATE, v. a. [animo. Lat.] 
 
 1. To quicken; to make alive; to give 
 life to : as, the soul animates the body ; 
 man must have been animated by a 
 higher power. 
 
 2. To give powers to; to heighten the 
 powers or effect of any thing. 
 
 But none, ah ! none can animate the lyre. 
 And the mute strings with vocal souls inspire : 
 \Thether the leam'd Minerva be her theme. 
 Or chaste Diana bathing ipi the stream ; 
 None can record their heav'nly praise so well 
 As Helei:, in whose eyes leii thousand Cupids 
 dwell. Drvden. 
 
 5. To encourage; to incite. 
 
 The more to animate the people, he stood on 
 hi.;h, from whence he might be best heard, and 
 cned unto them with a loud voicp. hnolUs. 
 
 He was animated to expect the papacy, by the 
 predicfion of a soothsayer, that one should suc- 
 ceed Pope Leo, whose name should be .-Vilririn. 
 
 Biicon. 
 
 A'NIMATE. adj. [from To animate.] 
 Alive ; possessing animal life. 
 
 All botlies have spirits and pneumatical parts 
 witliin them ; but the main dilterences, between 
 cin'marc and inanimate, are two: the first is, that 
 tlie spirits of things animate are all contaijied 
 within themselves, and are branched ir. veins and 
 secret canals, as blood is; and, in living crea- 
 tures, the spirits have not onlv branches, but 
 certaiii cells or seats, where the" principal spirits 
 do reside, and whereunto the rest do resort : but 
 the spirits in things inanimate are shut in, and 
 culott by the tangible parts, and are not pervi- 
 ous one to another, as air is in snow. Bacon. 
 
 Nobler birth 
 Of rrealures animate with gradual life, 
 Of growth, sense, reason, all summ'd up in man. 
 
 Jii/f..,.. 
 
 There are several topicks used against atheism 
 ini.-i idolatry; such as the visible marks of divine 
 wisdom and goodness in the works of the crea- 
 tion, the vital union of souls with matter, and the 
 admirable structure of animate bodies. Bcntlei^. 
 
 Animated, participial adj. [from ani- 
 matc] Lively; vigorous. 
 Vol. L 
 
 A N K 
 
 Warriours she fires with animated sounds ; 
 Pours balm into tlie bleeding lover's wounds Pi^JC. 
 
 .\'mmateness. n. s. [from animate.] 
 The state of being animated. Diet. 
 
 Animation, n. s. [iroin animate.] 
 
 1 . The act of animating or enlivening. 
 Plants or vegetables are the nrincipal part of 
 
 the third day's work. They are the first eflecis of 
 the commaiid prcducat, which is the word of 
 animation. Bacon. 
 
 2. The state of being enlivened. 
 
 Two general motions in all animation are its 
 begin.iin^ and encrease ; and two iiiore_, to run 
 through Ttsstatcand declination. Brown'sVulg.Eir. 
 A'ni.MATIVE. adj. [from animate.] That 
 whicli has the power of giving life, or 
 animating. 
 Amma'tor. n. s. [from animate.] That 
 which gives life ; or any thing analo- 
 gous to life, as motion. 
 
 Those bodies, being of a congenerous nature, 
 do readily receive the impressions of their motor ; 
 and, if not fettered by their gravity, conform 
 ti:cnisehes to situations, wherein they best unite 
 to llieir unimator. Brmai.^ 
 
 Animo'se. adj. [animosus, Lat.] Full of 
 spirit ; hot ; vehement. Diet. 
 
 Animo'seness. ?i. s. [from animose.] 
 Spirit; heat; vehemence of temper. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Animo'sity. n. s. [animositas, Lat] 
 Vehemence of hatred ; passionate malig- 
 nity. It implies rather a disposition to 
 break out into outrages, than the out- 
 rage itself. 
 
 They were sure to bring passion, animosity, and 
 malice enough of their own, what evidence so- 
 ever they had from others. Clarendon 
 
 If there is not some method found out for al- 
 laying these h.eats and animosities among the fair 
 sex, one dues not know to what outrages they 
 may proceed. ^ Atldison. 
 
 No religious sect ever carried their aversions 
 for each other to greater heights, than our state 
 parties have done ; who, the more to inflame 
 tiuir passion^, have mixed religious and civil ani- 
 m:miies together ; borrowuig one of Uieir appel- 
 lations from the church. Saift. 
 
 A'nise. 71. s. [anisum, Lat.] A species of 
 apium or parsley, with large sweet- 
 scented seeds. This plant is not worth 
 propagating in England for use, because 
 the seeds can be had much better and 
 cheaper from Italy. ^lillir. 
 
 Ve pay the tythe of mint, and anise, and cum- 
 min, and have'omitted the weightier matters of 
 the law, judgment, mercy, and faith : these 
 ouwht ye to have done, and not to leave the other 
 undone. Matt, xxiii. 23. 
 
 Anker, n. -s. [ancker, Dutch.] A liquid 
 measure chiefly used at Amsterdam. It 
 is the fourth part of the awm, and con- 
 tains two stekans: each stekan consists 
 of sixteen mengles ; the mengle being 
 equal to two of our wine quarts. Chamh. 
 
 Ankle, n.s. [ancleop. Sax; anckel, 
 Dutch.] The joint wliich joins the foot 
 to the leg. 
 
 One of his ankles was much swelled and ulce- 
 rated on the inside, in several places. Il'iiemuii. 
 
 My simple system shall suppose, 
 I'hat Alma enters at the toes ; 
 That then she mounts by just degrees 
 Up to the ankles, legs, and knees. Prior. 
 
 A'nkle-bone. n. s. [from ankle and 
 bone] The bone of the ankle. 
 
 The shin-bone, from the knee to the instep, is 
 made by shadowing one half of the leg » ith a 
 
 A X X 
 
 sincVi shadow; i)ie ankle-bone viU shew itself by 
 a shadow given uiidemeatii, as the knee. Faicham. 
 
 A'nnalist. n.s. [from a?/na/«.] A writer 
 of annals. 
 
 Their own annalist has given the same title to 
 that of Surmium. .ittcrbury. 
 
 A'NN.^LS. n.s. without singular number. 
 
 [annates, Lat.] Histories digested in the 
 exact order of time ; nairatives in which 
 evei-y eveut is recorded under its proper 
 year. 
 
 Could you with patience hear, or I relate, 
 O ny mplj ! the tedious annats of our fate ; 
 Through such a train of woes if I should run. 
 The day would sooner than the tale be done ! Dryd 
 
 We ar<? assured, bv many glorious examples i. 
 the annals of our rclieion, "that every one, m thh 
 like circumstances of^ distress, will not act and 
 argue thus ; but thus will every one be tempted 
 to act. Rogeri. 
 
 A'nnats. n.s. without singular, [ann- 
 ates, Lat.] 
 
 1 . First fruits ; because the rate of first 
 fruits paid of spu-itual livings, is after 
 one j'ear's profit. Cowell. 
 
 2. Masses said in the Romish church for 
 the space of a year, or for any other time, 
 either for the soul of a person deceased, 
 or for the benefit of a person li\-ing. 
 
 Ayliffe's Par ergon. 
 To .-\nne'al. v. a. [aelan, to heat. Saxon.] 
 
 1 . To heat glass, tliat the coloiurs laid on 
 it ma}' be fixed. 
 
 But when thou dost anneal in glass thy story, 
 -.^-— .^-^.— then the Ught and gloi^ 
 Wore rev'rend grows, and more doth wm, 
 W hich else shews wat'rish, bleak, and thin. Herh. 
 
 When you purpose to anneal, take a plate of 
 iron made fit for the oven ; or take a blue stone, 
 which being made fit for tiie oven, lay it upon 
 the cross bars of iron. Peacham. 
 
 Which her own inward symmetry rereal'd. 
 And like a picture shone, iii glass anneal'd. Dryd. 
 
 2. To heat glass after it" is blown, that it 
 may not break. 
 
 3. To heat any thing in such a manner as 
 to give it the true temper. 
 
 To ANNEX, r. a. [annecto, annexum, 
 Lat. annextT, Fr.] 
 
 1. To unite to at the end ; as, he annexed 
 a codicil to his will. 
 
 2 . To unite, as a smaller thuig to a greater ; 
 as, he a/iHc.rerf aprovincetohiskingdom. 
 
 3. To unite li posteriori: annexion always 
 presupposing sometliing ; thus we may 
 say, puiiisliment is njini-rii/ to guilt, but 
 not guilt to punishment. 
 
 Coucernins fate or destinv, the opinions if 
 those learned men, that have written thereof, 
 may be safelv received, had they not tliereunto 
 aiiiifitd and fastened an inevitable necessity, aiid 
 made it more general and universally powerful 
 than it is. , Halcig". 
 
 Nations will decline so low 
 From virtue, which is reason ; that no wrong. 
 But justice, and some fatal curse annei'd. 
 Deprives them of their outward liberty. Jlli«.>'i. 
 
 I mean not the aulhoritv, which is annexed to 
 vour oliice ; I sjwak of that only, which is inborn 
 
 "and inherent to your person. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 He cannot hut love virtue wherever it is, and on- 
 iici happiness always to the exercise of it. Atler. 
 
 The temporal re"ward is anneied to the bare 
 performance of the action, but the eternal to the 
 obedience. -M^-^' 
 
 .•\nne'x. n.s. [from To annex.] Tne 
 thins annexed ; additament. 
 
 Failing in his first attempt to be but like the 
 hiirhest in heaven, he hath oblamed of men to be 
 M 81
 
 ANN 
 
 the same on cailli, and hath accordingly assumed 
 tlie annejes of divinity- Bnnni. 
 
 Annexation, n. s. [i^roxn annex,] 
 
 1. Conjunction; addition. 
 
 If wo can return to (hat cbariLy and peaceable 
 mindudness, wliicli Clirist so vehemently recom- 
 mends to ns ; we have his own promise, that llic 
 whole body wiU be full of light, Matth. vi. that 
 all other christian virtues will, by way of conco- 
 mitance or annc.nttion, attend them. Hmnmoiid . 
 
 2. Union; act or practice of adding or 
 
 uniting. 
 
 How anneiations or benefices first came into 
 tlie church, whether by the prince's authority, 
 or the pope's licence, is a very great dispute. 
 
 Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Annexion, n.s. [from annex\] The act 
 of annexing; addition. 
 
 It is necessary to engage the fears of men, by 
 the annexation of such penalties, as will overba- 
 lance temporal pleasure. liogcrs. 
 
 Annex'ment. n.s. [from flw?ie^.] 
 
 1. The act of annexing. 
 
 2. The thing annexed. 
 
 When it falls, 
 Each small annexment, petty consequence. 
 Attends tlie boist'rous ruin. Shakespeare. 
 
 Anni'hilable. adj. [from anni/nlute.] 
 That which may be reduced to notliing ; 
 that which may be put out of existence. 
 
 To ANNl'HILATE. v. a. [ad and n?A/- 
 lum, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To reduce to nothing ; to put out of 
 existence. 
 
 It is impossible for any body to be utterly an 
 nihilated ; but that, as it was the work of tlic 
 omnipotency of God to make somewhat of no- 
 thing, so It reqnireth the like omnipotency to 
 turn somewliat into nothing. Bacon. 
 
 Thou tauf'ht'st mc, by making me 
 Love her, wdio doth neglect both me and thee, 
 T' invent and practise this one way t' aymihilaLe 
 all three. Donne. 
 
 He despaired of God's mercy ; he, by a de- 
 collation of all hope, annihilated his mercy. 
 
 Broun a Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Whose friendship can stand against assaults, 
 strong enough to annihilate the friendship of puny 
 minds ; such an one has reached true constancy- 
 
 South. 
 
 Some imagined, water sufficient to a deluge 
 was created ; and, when the business was done, 
 disbanded and annihilated. Wooduard. 
 
 2. To destroy, so as to make the thing 
 otherwise tlian it was. 
 
 The flood liatli altered, deformed, or rather 
 atinihiUited, this i)liice, so as no man can find any 
 mark or memory thereof. Ralcigfi. 
 
 3. To annul ; to destroy the agency of 
 any tiling. 
 
 There is no reason, that any one common- 
 wealth should annihilate that, whereupon the 
 who.e world has agreed. Hooker. 
 
 Annihila'tion. w. s. [from annihilate.] 
 The act of reducing to nothing. The 
 state of being reduced to nothing. 
 
 God hatli his influence into the very essence of 
 things, witliout which their utter anniliitation 
 cuuhH not choose but follow. Hooker. 
 
 That knowledge, which as spirits we obtain, 
 Is to be valued in the midst of pain : 
 Annihilation were to lose heav'n more : 
 We are not quite exil'd, where thought can soar. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Annive'rsary. n. s, [annivtr sarins, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 . A day celebrated as it returns in the 
 
 course of the year. 
 
 For encouragement to follow the example of 
 martyrs, the primitive christians met at the places 
 
 ANN 
 
 of tlieir martyrdom, to praise God for tliem, and 
 to observe the anniversarif of their sutieriiiLis. 
 
 StUlmgfiect. 
 
 2. The act of celebration, or performance, 
 in honour of the anniversary day. 
 
 Donne liad never seen Mrs. Drury, whom lie 
 ^ has made immortal in iiis admirable annhrrmrkf.. 
 
 JJrijHeu. 
 
 3. Anniversary is an office in the Romish 
 church, celebrated now only once a year, 
 but which ought to be said daily through 
 the year, for the soul of the deceased. 
 
 Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Annive'rsary. adj. [annieersarius,LBi.] 
 Returning with the revolution of the 
 year ; annual ; yearly. 
 
 'I'iie heaven whirled about with admirable ce- 
 lerity, most constantly fiuishing its amiioersiiry 
 vicissitudes. _ /?uj/. 
 
 They deny giving any worship to a creature, 
 as inconsistent with Christianity ; but confess the 
 honour and esteem for the martjTs, which they 
 expressed by kecjjing their anniyersari/ days, and 
 rccoiuaiending their example. StUUng^eet. 
 
 ANNO DOMINI. [Lat.] In the year of 
 our Lord ; as, arino domini, or A. D. 
 17.^1 ; that is, in the seventeen hundred 
 and fifty-first year from the birth of our 
 Saviour. 
 
 Annoi'sance. n.s. [from annoy, but 
 not now ill use.] 
 
 [t bath a double signification. Any hurt done 
 either to a publick place, as highway, bridge, or 
 cunniion river ; or to a private, by laying any 
 thing that may breed infection, by encroaching, 
 or sucli like means. The writ that is brought 
 upon this transgression. See Nuis.\nce, the 
 word now used. Blount. 
 
 ANNOLIS. n. s. An American animal, 
 
 like a lizard. 
 Annota'tion. 71. s. [annotatio, Lat.] 
 
 Explications or remarks written upon 
 
 books, notes. 
 
 It niiglit appear very improper to publish anno- 
 tations, without the text itself whereunto thev re- 
 late. . Aoyk. 
 
 Annota'tor. n. s. [Lat.] A writer of 
 notes, or annotations ; a scholiast, a 
 commentator. 
 
 I have not that respect for the annotators, wliich 
 they generally meet with in the world. 
 
 Feiton on the Classicks. 
 
 To ,\nno'unce. v. a. [arinoncer, Fr. 
 annuncio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 
 
 Of the Messiah I liave heard foretold 
 By all ilie prophets ; of thy birlli at length 
 Announc'ii by Gabriel with tlie first 1 knew. Milt. 
 
 2. To pronounce ; to declare by a judicial 
 sentence. 
 
 Those, mighty Jove, mean time, thy glorious 
 care. 
 Who model nations, publish laws, announce 
 Or life or death. Prior. 
 
 To ANNO'Y. V. a. [annoi/er, Fr.] To in- 
 commode ; to vex ; to teaze ; to molest. 
 
 Woe to poor man ; each outward ftiing annoys 
 him ; 
 He heaps in inward grief, that most destroys him. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Her joyous presence and sweet company 
 In fuU'content he there did Ions enjoy; 
 
 Ne wicked envy, nor vile jealousy. 
 His dear delights were able to annoy. Fairy Queen. 
 
 As one, w'ho long in populous city pent. 
 Where houses thick, and sewers, annoy the air. 
 Forth issuing on a summer's morn to breathe 
 Among the pleasant villages and farms 
 Adioin'd, from each thing met conceives delight. 
 ■' MitUm. 
 
 ANN 
 
 Insects seldom use their olfensive weapons, nil' 
 
 less provoked: let them but alone, and a^txn/ 
 
 tlicnr not. Ray. 
 
 Anno'y. Ji. s. [from the verb.] Injury; 
 
 molestation ; trouble. 
 
 Siee|), Richmond, sleep in peace, and wake in 
 
 ,i"y ; 
 
 Good angels guard thee from the boar's annoy. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 All pain and joy is in their way ; 
 The things we fear bring less annoii 
 Than fear, and liojie brings greater joy ; 
 But in themselves they cannot stay. Donne. 
 
 What then remains, but, after past annoxi. 
 To take the good vicissitude of joy ? Vryden. 
 Anno'yance. n.s. [from annoy. ] 
 
 1 . That which annoys : that which hurts. 
 
 A grain, a dust, a knat, a wand'ring hair. 
 Any a)inoyu!icc in that precious sense. .Sliake^. 
 
 Crows, ravens, rooks, and magpies, are great 
 annoyances to corn. Mortimer. 
 
 2. The slate of being annoyed ; or act of 
 annoying. 
 
 The spit venom of their poisoned hearts break- 
 eth out to the onnoiiunce of others. Hooker. 
 
 The greatest annoyance and disturbaTice of man- 
 kind has been from one of those two things, 
 force or fraud. South. 
 
 For the further amwyance and terrour of any 
 besieged place, they would throw into it dead 
 bodies. Wilkiiis. 
 
 Anno'yer. n.s. [fiom To annoy.] The 
 
 person that annoys. 
 Annual, adj. [annuel, Tr. fiom annus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. That wliich comes yearly. 
 
 Anmiid for me the grape, the rose, renew 
 The juice iiectareous, and the balmy dew. Po}je. 
 
 2. That which is reckoned by the year. 
 
 The king's majesty 
 Poes purpose honour to you ; to which 
 
 A thousand pounds a-year, annual sujiport. 
 
 Out of his <;race he adds. Shakcsp. Henry VIII. 
 
 3. That which lasts only a year. 
 
 The dying in tlie winter of the roots of pl;mts 
 that areHiiiiim/, seemelh to be caused by the over- 
 exiieiicc of tlie sap ; which being prevented, they 
 will superannuate, if they stand warm. Bacon. 
 
 Every tree may, in some sense, be said to be 
 an annual plant"; both leaf, llowcr, and fruit 
 jiroceeding from tlie coat, that was superinduced 
 over the wood the last year. Bay. 
 
 A'nnually. adv. [from annual.] Year- 
 ly ; every year. 
 
 By two drachms, they thought it sufficient to 
 signify a heart; because the Iieart at one year 
 weigh'eth two drachms, that is, a quarter of an 
 ounce ; and, unto fifty years, annually encrcaseth 
 the weight of one drachm. 
 
 Broirns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 The whole strength of a nation is the utmost, 
 
 that a prince can raise annually from his subjects. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Annu'itant. w. s. [from anntiily.] He 
 
 that possesses or receives an annuity. 
 ANNUITY, n s. [atinuite, Fr.] 
 1. A yearly rent to be paid for term of life 
 or years. The differences between a 
 rent and an annuity are, that every rent 
 is going out of land; but an annuity 
 charges only the granter, or his heirs, 
 that have assets by descent. The second 
 difference is, that, for the reco\ei-y of an 
 annuity, no action lies, but only the writ 
 of annuity against the granter, his heirs, 
 or successors; but of a rent, the same 
 actions lie as do of land. The third 
 difference is, that an annuity is never 
 taken for assets, because it is no 
 freehold in law ; nor shall be put in 
 
 &2
 
 A N O 
 
 execution upon a statute merchant^ sta- 
 tute staple.or elegit, as arent may. Cowc//. 
 2. A yearly allowance. 
 
 He was generally knuwn to be llie son of one 
 earl, and brothex to another ; who supplied his ex- 
 pence, beyond what his unniilty from his father 
 would hear. " Clarendon. 
 
 To Annu'l. 1!. a. [from nullus.'] 
 J. To make void; to nullify; to abro- 
 gate ; to abolish. 
 
 That, which gives force to the law, is the autho- 
 rity that enacts it ; and, whoever destroys this au- 
 thority, docs in etiect annul the law. Rogers. 
 
 2. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. 
 Light, the pure work of God, to me's extinct, 
 
 And all her various objects of delight 
 AnnulCd, which might in part my grief have 
 eas'd, Milton. 
 
 A NNULAR. adj. [from annulus, Lat.] In 
 the form of a ring. 
 
 That they might not, in bending the arm or 
 leg, rise up, he has tied them to thcl)oncs by an- 
 nular ligaments. Clwyne. 
 
 A'nnulary. adj. [from annulus, Lat.] 
 In the form of rings. 
 
 Because continual respiration is necessary, the 
 wind-pipe is made witli annulary cartilages, that 
 the sides of it may not flag and fall together. Tiay. 
 
 A'nnulet. n. s. [from annulus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A little ring. 
 
 t. [In heraldry.] A difference or mark of 
 distinction, which the fifth brother of any 
 family ought to bear in his coat of anus. 
 
 3. Annulets are also apart of the coat-ar- 
 mour of several families ; they were an- 
 ciently reputed a mark of nobility and 
 jurisdiction, it being the custom of pre- 
 lates to receive their investiture pti- 
 baculum £f annulum, 
 
 4. [In architecture.] The small square 
 members, in the Dorick capital, under 
 tiie quarter round, ai-e called annulets. 
 
 6. Annulet is also used for a naiTow flat 
 moulding, common to other parts of the 
 column; so called, because it encom- 
 passes the column round. Chambers. 
 
 To ANNU'MERATE. v. a. [anntinuro, 
 Lat.] To add to a former number; to 
 unite to something before mentioned. 
 
 Annumera'tion. n. s. [annumeratio, 
 Lat.] Addition to a former number. 
 
 To ANNL^NCIATE. v. a. [annuncio, 
 I/at.] To bring tidings ; to relate some- 
 thing that has fallen out : a word not in 
 popular use. 
 
 An.nuncia'tion-day. n. s. [from an- 
 nunciate.'] The day celebrated by the 
 cliurch, ill memory of the angel's salu- 
 tiition of the blessed Virgin : solemnized 
 ■with us on the twenty- fifth of March. 
 
 V\tm\ the day of the annuncialian , o^ Lady-day, 
 mediate on the incainatiuu of our blessed Saviour ; 
 and so, upon all the festivals of the year. Taitlor. 
 
 A'nodyne. adj. [from a. and jJiim.] That 
 wliich has the power of mitigating pain. 
 
 \ et durst she not too dee|.ly probe ihc wuuud, 
 As hoping still the nobler pnrfs were sound : 
 Hut su'ove with aiunlyncs l' assuage the spa.irl, 
 And mildly thus her uied'cine did impart. JJ;m/i;;i. 
 
 Anortyms, or abaters of pain of the alimentary 
 kind, are such things as relax the tension of the 
 itlecieil nervous iibres, as decoctions of emollient 
 suh^tanees ; those things, which destrov the par- 
 ticular acrimony which occasions thepaiii; or what 
 deadens the sensation of the brain, by procuring 
 •''■■^i*- Arbuthnot. 
 
 A N O 
 
 To ANO'INT. V. a. [oindre, enoindre, 
 part, oint, enoinf, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To rub over with unctuous matter, as 
 oil, or unguents. 
 
 Anointed let me be with deadly venom. Shake.'^). 
 
 Thou shalt have olive trees, lliroughout all thy 
 coasts, but thou shalt not anoint thyself with the 
 oil : for thine olive shall cast his fruit. 
 
 Deut. xxviii. 40. 
 
 2. To smear ; to be rubbed upon. 
 
 Warm waters then, in brazen caldrons borne, 
 Are pour'd to wash his body, joint by joint. 
 And fni grant oils the stitl'eii'il limbs aiioint Dryden. 
 
 3. To consecrate by unction. 
 
 I would not sec thy sister 
 In his anointed flesh stick boarish fan'gs. Shakes]'. 
 
 Ano'inter. n.s. [from anoint.] Tht? 
 person that anoints. 
 
 Anomalism. n. s. [from anomali/.] 
 Anomaly ; irregularity, deviation from 
 the common rule. Diet. 
 
 Anomali'stical. adj. [from anomali/.] 
 Irregtilar; applied in astronomy to the 
 year, taken for the time in which the 
 earth passeth through its orbit, distinct 
 from the tropical year. 
 
 Ano'malous. adj. [a pi-iv. and ofiaxk.] 
 Irregular; out of rule; deviating from 
 the general method or analogy of things. 
 It is appHed, iti grammar, to words de- 
 viating from the common rules of in- 
 flection; and, in astronomy, to the 
 seemingly irregular motions of the pla- 
 nets. 
 
 There will arise anomalous disturbances, not only^ 
 in civil and artihcial, butalsoin military officers. 
 Broun s ]'ulgar Krrours. 
 He being acquainted with some characters of 
 every speech, you may at pleasure make him un- 
 derstand anomalous pronunciation. Holder. 
 IMetals are gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, and 
 iron ; to which we may join that aTwmalous body, 
 quicksilver or mercury. Locke. 
 
 Anomalously, adv. [from anomalous.] 
 Irregularly ; in a manner contrary to 
 rule. 
 
 Eve was not solemnly begotten, but suddenly 
 framed, and aiwmulousli^ proceeded from Adam. 
 liroun's I ulgar Errours. 
 
 ANO'MALY. n. s. [anomiilie, Fr. a7io- 
 maliu, Lat. avwfiaA©'.] Irregularity ; de- 
 viation from tlie common rule. 
 
 If Ave should chance to tind a mother debauch- 
 ing her daughter, as such monsters have been 
 seen, we must charge this ujjon a peculiar anomaly 
 and baseness of nature. South. 
 
 I do itot pursue the many pseudographies in 
 use ; but intend to shew, how most oT these ano- 
 malies in writing might be avoided, and better 
 supplied. Holder. 
 
 A'nomy. 71. s. [apriv. and »of4©- ] Breach 
 
 of law. 
 
 If sin be good and just, and lawful ; it is no 
 more evil, it is no sin, no auomy. 
 
 Brumhall against Hohbcs. 
 
 Ano'n. adi'. [J»/n»/s imagines it to be an 
 elliptical form of speaking for in one, 
 that is, in one minute ; Skinner from a 
 and ncfin, or near ; .Minsheio from on on.] 
 
 1 . Quickly ; soon ; in a short time. 
 
 A little snow, tumbled about, 
 Anon becomes a mountain. Shakespeare. 
 
 \\ ill they come abroad anon? 
 Shall we see vuung Oberon? Ben Joit^on. 
 
 1-Iowever, witness, Heav'n ! 
 Heav'n, wiiuess thou anon! while we dischavue 
 Freelv our nart. ^lii.on. 
 
 A N S 
 
 He was not without design at that present, a? 
 shall be made out anon; meaning, by ttiat device 
 to withdraw himself Clarendon. 
 
 ■Slill as 1 did the leaves inspire, 
 \Viih such a purple liglil they shone. 
 
 As if they had been made of fire. 
 And spreading so would tlame anon. W'dler. 
 
 2. Sometimes ; now and then ; at other 
 times. In this sense is used ever and 
 anon, for now and then. 
 
 Full forty days he pass'd, whether on hill 
 Sometimes, anon in shady vale, each niglit. 
 Or harbour'd in one cave, is not reveal'd. Miltcm. 
 
 Ano'nymols. adj. [a priv. and otui^a.] 
 
 Wanting a name. 
 
 These animalcules serve also for food to another 
 anonymous insect of the waters. Jiay. 
 
 Tliey would forthwith publish slanders unpu- 
 nished, the authors being ajionymous, the imme- 
 diate publishers thereof sculking. 
 
 Notes on the Dnnc'wd. 
 
 Ano'nymously. adv. [i'vom anonymous.] 
 Without a name. 
 
 I would know, whether the edition is to come 
 out auouiimously, among complaints of spurious 
 editions.' Aui/l. 
 
 A'norexy. «.s. [itojElIa.] Inappetency, 
 or loathing of food. Quincj/. 
 
 .\no'ther. adj. [from an and o^/ifr.] 
 
 1. Not the same. 
 
 He that will not lay a foundation for perpe- 
 tual disorder, must of necessity find amit/nr rise 
 of government than that. Locke. 
 
 2. Cnemore; anew edition to the for- 
 mer number. 
 
 A fourth = 
 
 What I will the line stretch out to th' crack of 
 
 doom r 
 Another yet ?— a seventh ! I'll see no more. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 3. Any other; any one else. 
 
 If one man sin against another, the judge shall 
 judge him. 1 Samuel, ii. 25. 
 
 Why not of her = prcferr'd above the rest 
 By hiin with Vnightly deeds, and open love pro- 
 fess'd ; , , ,. 
 
 So had another been, where he his vows address ri. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 4. Not one's self. 
 
 A man shall have diffused his life, his self, 
 and his whole conceniinents so far, that he can 
 weep his sorrows with another's eyes; w lien he 
 has another heart besides his own," both to share 
 and to support his grief. South. 
 
 5. Widely different; much altered. 
 When the soul is beaten from iis slalion, and 
 
 the mounds of virtue are broken down ; it be- 
 comes iiuite another thing, from w hat it was before. 
 ' South. 
 
 Ano'thergaines. adj. [See.^NOTUER- 
 
 GVESS.] Of another' kind. This word 
 I have found only in .ViV/«( ;/. 
 
 If uiv father had not plaid the hasty fool. 1 
 might I'lave had anothergaines husband than Da- 
 niHas. Sidne-j. 
 
 Ano'therguess. adj. [This word, which 
 though rtirely used in writing, is some- 
 what frequent in coUoquiiil language, 1 
 conceixe to be corrupteii from another 
 "■uise ; that is, of a different guise, or 
 manner, or form.] Of a different kintl. 
 
 Oh Hocus ! where art thou ■ It used lo go in 
 anotherguess manner in thy time. Aihuthnot, 
 
 A'nsated. adj. [ansatu.1, Lat.] Having 
 handles ; or something in tlie form ot 
 handles. 
 
 7'() ANSWER, r. n. [The etymology is 
 uncertain; the Saxons had anbj-p.ipian, 
 but in anotlier sense; the Dutch liave 
 antwoordtu.]
 
 A N S 
 
 1. To speak in return to a question. 
 
 Are we succour'd ? arc the Muors remov'd? 
 Answer these questions first, and then a thousand 
 
 more. 
 Answer them all together. Drydcn. 
 
 2. To speak in opposition. 
 
 No man was able to answer him a word. 
 
 Mtitthew xxii, 46. 
 Ifithesaid, we ina^' discover the elementary 
 ingredienl^ of things , I atisucr, that it is not 
 necessary, that such a discovery should be prac- 
 ticable. * Boyle. 
 S. To be accountable for : with /or 
 Tiiose many had not dared to do evil, 
 If the first man, that did th' edict infringe, 
 Had ansu'cr'd for his deed. Shakespeare. 
 Some men fiave sinned in tlie principles of 
 liumanity, and must aiistverj'or not being men. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 If there be any absurdity in this, our antlior 
 
 must answer for it. Locke. 
 
 4-. To vindicate; to give a justificatory 
 
 account of: with /or. 
 
 The ni";lit, so impudently fixed for my last, 
 niade little impression on myself j but I cannot 
 a)i:>weT J'or my liinnly. Swiji. 
 
 5. To give an account. 
 
 How they have been since received, and so well 
 improved, let those u/wiocr cither to God or man, 
 who have been the authors and promoters of such 
 wise council. Temple. 
 
 He wants a father, to protect his youth. 
 And rear him up to virtue. Vou must bear 
 'I'he future blame, and answer to the ^vorld, 
 When you refuse the easy honest means 
 Of taking care of him. Southerji. 
 
 G. To correspond to; to suit with. 
 
 As in water face ansvoereth to face, sw the heart 
 of man to man. Frov. xxvii. 19. 
 
 7. To be equivalent to ; to stand for 
 something else. 
 
 A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh 
 merry ; but money ansucreth all things. Eccl. x. 19. 
 
 8. To satisfy any claim or petition of right 
 or justice. 
 
 Zelmane with rageful eyes bade him defend 
 himself; for no less than his life would answer 
 it. Sidney. 
 
 Revenge the jeering and disdain'd contempt 
 Of this proud kin^, who studies day and night 
 To answer all the debt he owes unto you, 
 Ev'n with the bloody payments of your deaths. 
 
 Shakes})€ure. 
 
 Let his neck answer for it, if there is any mar- 
 tial law in the world. i^hahespeare. 
 
 jMen no sooner fnid their appetites unanswertd, 
 than they complain the times arc injurious. Raleigh 
 
 That yearly rent is still paid, even as the former 
 casualty itself was wont to be, in parcel meal 
 paid in and answered. Bacon. 
 
 9. To act reciprocally. 
 
 Say, do'ht thou yet the Roman harp command? 
 Do the strings answer to thy noble hand-" Druden 
 
 10. To stand as opposite or correlative to 
 something else. 
 
 There can Ijut two things create love, perfec- 
 tion and usefulness ; to wTiich ansirery on our 
 part, 1. Admiration; and, '2. Desire: and both 
 these are centered in love. Taylor. 
 
 11. To bear proportion to. 
 
 Weapons nmst needs be dangerous tilings, if 
 they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. 
 
 Swift, 
 
 12. To perform what is endeavoured or 
 intended by the agent. 
 
 Our part is, to choose out the most deserving 
 objects, and the most likely to a^iSHrr the ends 
 of our charity ; and, when this is dune, all is 
 done, that lies in our power ; the rest must be 
 left to providence. Atterbury. 
 
 13. To comply with. 
 
 He dies, tliat touches of this fruit, 
 Till I and my atrairs are answered, Shakespeare* 
 
 A N S 
 
 li. To succeed ; to produce the wished 
 event. 
 
 Jason followed her counsel ? wliereto when tlie 
 evejit had mtswered, lie again demanded the 
 Heece. Raleigh. 
 
 In operations upon bodies for their version or 
 alteration, the trial in great quantities dotli not 
 answer the trial in small ; and so dcceiveth many. 
 
 Bucim. 
 
 15. To appear to any call, or authoritative 
 summons ; in which sense, though figu- 
 ratively, the following passage may be, 
 perhaps, taken. 
 
 Thou wert better in th_y grave, than to answer, 
 with thy uncuvcrctl body, tiiis extremity of the 
 skies. Shahesiicart. 
 
 16. To be over-against any thing. 
 
 Fire answers fire ; and, by their paly beams. 
 Each battle sees the other's umber d face. Shuk. 
 
 A'nswee, n. s. [from To answer.] 
 
 1. That which is said, whether in speech 
 or writing, in return to a question, or 
 position. 
 
 It was a riglit answer of tlie physician to liis 
 patient, that bad sore eyes : If you have more 
 pleasure in wine than in your siglit, wine is good . 
 
 Locke. 
 
 How can wc think of appearing at that tri- 
 bunal, >vitliout being able to give a ready a7isi('(?r 
 to the questions, wliieh he sliall then put to us, 
 alxjHt the poor and the afflicted, the hungry and 
 the naked, the sick and imprisoned .' Attfrlmnj. 
 
 2. An account to be given to the demand 
 of justice. 
 
 He'll call you tn so hot an answer foi it. 
 That you shall chide your trespass. Shakcs])eare. 
 
 3. In law, a confutation of a cliarge ex- 
 hibited against a person. 
 
 A personal answer ought to have three quali- 
 ties : it ought to be pertinent to the matter in 
 baiifl ; it ought to be absolute and unconditional ; 
 it ought to be clear and certain. A\ili^e\ 
 
 A'nswer-Jobber, [from ansiver and 
 jobber.'] He that makes a trade of 
 writing answers. 
 
 What disgusts me with having any thing to do 
 with amwcr-JMerSj is that they have no con- 
 science. Swift. 
 
 A'nswerable, adj. [from answer.] 
 
 1. That to which a reply may be made ; 
 that which may be answered as the ar- 
 gument, though subtle, is yet answerable. 
 
 2. Obliged to give an account; obliged to 
 answer any demand of justice ; or stand 
 the trial of an accusation. 
 
 Every chief of every kindred or family should 
 be answerable, and bound to bring forth evGry one 
 of that kindred, at all times, to be justiiied, 'when 
 be should be required or charged with any treason 
 or felony. Sjienser's State nf Ireland. 
 
 Will any man argue, that if a physician shoukl 
 manifestly prescribe jioison to all liis patients, he 
 cannot be justly punished, but h answerable onlv 
 to God? _ Swift. 
 
 He cannot think ambition more justly laid" to 
 their charge, thaii to other men ; because that 
 would be, to make church government answerable 
 for the errours of human nature. Swift 
 
 3. Correspondent. 
 
 It was but such a likeness, as an imperfect glass 
 doth gi^e ; answerable enough in some features and 
 colours, but erring in others. Sidney. 
 
 The daughters of Atlas were ladies who, ac- 
 companying such as caiiie to be registered among 
 the worthies, brought forth childreii answerable in 
 quality to those that begot them. liaU'igh. 
 
 4. Proportionate ; suitable. 
 
 Only add 
 Deeds to thy knowledge answerable ; add faith. 
 Add virtue, patience, temperance ; add love 
 
 ANT 
 
 By name to come call'd charity, the soul 
 
 O'f all the rest. Miltm 
 
 5. Suitable ; suited. 
 
 The following, by certain estates of men, on 
 swerable lo that, which a great person bimsell 
 professeth (as of soldiers to him, that hath been 
 employed in the ^vars) hath been a thing weli 
 taken even in monarchies. Bacon. 
 
 If answerable style 1 can obtain 
 Of my celestial patroness. Milttm. 
 
 6. Equal ; equivalent. 
 
 There he no kings, whose means are answerable 
 imto other men's desires. Ralcigit. 
 
 7. Relative ; correlative. 
 
 That, to every petition for things needful, there 
 should be some answerable sentence of ihanks pro* 
 vided (larticLilarly to follow, is not requisite. Hoo/cer; 
 
 .Vnswerably, [from answerable.] In 
 due proportion; with proper corre- 
 spondence ; suitably. 
 
 The broader seas are, if they I'e entire, and 
 free from islands, they are answerahtu deeper. 
 
 Brerewiiod f/i Langiui^es. 
 
 It bears light sorts, into the atmosphere, to a 
 
 greater or lesser height, answerably to the greater 
 
 or lesser intenseness of the heat. ]Voodward. 
 
 A'nswerableness, n. s. [from ansivera- 
 hle.] The quaHty of being answerable. 
 
 Diet. 
 A'nswerer, [from answer.] 
 
 1 . He that answers ; he that speaks in re- 
 turn to what another has spoken. 
 
 I know your mind, and I will sali'^fy it ; neillner 
 w'ill I do it like a niggardly answerer, going no 
 further than the bounds of the question. Siiine}t. 
 
 2. He that manages the controver.sy against 
 one that has written first. 
 
 It is very unfair in any writer to employ igno- 
 rance and malice together ; because it gives his 
 answerer double work. Su^ift. 
 
 .\'nt, 71. s. [seme'cr. Sax. which Junius 
 imagines, not without probability, to have 
 been first contracted to vemx, and then 
 softened to a?it.] An emmet; a pisinire. 
 A small insect that lives in great num- 
 bers together in hillocks. 
 
 We'll set thee to school to an ant, to teach thee 
 there is no labouring in the winter. Shakespeare. 
 
 Metbinks, all cities now but ant-hills are, 
 Wliere w hen the several labourers I ?ee. 
 For children, house, provision, taking pain ; 
 They're all but ants, carrying eggs, straw, and 
 grain. Donne. 
 
 Leain each small people's genius, policies ; 
 The ants republick, and the realm of Ix-es. P^'pe. 
 
 Ant-bear, n. s. [from ant and bear.] 
 An animal that feeds on ants. 
 
 Divers quadriqieds feed upon insects : and'some 
 
 live wholly ujion them ; as two sorts of tamanduas 
 
 upon ants", which therefore are called in English 
 
 ant-bears. Hay. 
 
 A'nt-hill, or HILLOCK, w. s. [from ant 
 and hill.] The small protuberances of 
 earth, in which ants make their nests. 
 
 Put blue flowers into an ant-hill, they will be 
 stained with red ; because the ants drop upon 
 them their stinging liquor, which hath the etfect 
 of oil of vitriol. Ran. 
 
 Those who have seen ant-hilhcl.s, have easinr 
 perceived those small heaps of corn about their 
 nests. Addistnt. 
 
 A'n't. a contraction for and it, or ra- 
 ther and (fit; as, a'nt phase you; 
 that is, and if it jilease you. 
 
 ANTA'GONIST, n. S. \a.n\ and ayairi^w.] 
 
 1. One who contends with another; an 
 opponent. It implies generally a per- 
 sonal and particular opposition. 
 
 Our antagonists in these controversies may hftve 
 met with some not unlike to Ithacius. Hooker. 
 
 84
 
 ANT 
 
 What was set before him, 
 To heave, pull, draw, and break, he still pcrform'd. 
 None daring to appear antagonist. Milton. 
 
 It is not ht that the history of a person should 
 appear, till the prejudice both of his antagimiil 
 and adherents be softened and subdued. Addiioji. 
 
 2. Contrary. 
 The short club consists of those, who are under 
 
 five feet ; ours is to be composed of such as are 
 above six. 'J'liese we look upon.as the two extremes 
 and antagonists of the species ; considering all these 
 aa neuters, who fill up tiie middle space. .■Iddisun. 
 
 3. In anatomy, the antagonist is tliat 
 muscle which counteracts some other 
 
 A relaxation of a nmscie must produce a spasm 
 in it'^antiigoiiist^ because the equilibrium is <ie- 
 stroyed. Arhnthnot. 
 
 To Anta'gonize, t'. n. [from unl and 
 
 ayu-A^u.] To contend against another. 
 
 Diet. 
 Anta'lgick, fl(//. [from am, against, and 
 
 «yA©-, pain.] That which softens pain ; 
 
 anodyne. 
 ANTAN ACLASIS, n. s. [Lat. from 
 
 a>\aiia,K>Mi7ii, from ai\atia,ii>MU to break 
 
 back.] 
 
 1. A figure in rhetorick, when the same 
 word is repeated in a different, if not in 
 a contrary signification ; as, In thy youth 
 hum some craft, that in old age thou 
 tnayst get thy living without cvaStXraft, 
 in the first place,signifies science or occu- 
 pation ; in the second, deceit or subtiiiy. 
 
 2, It is also a returning to the matter at the 
 end of a long parenthesis ; as. Shall that 
 heart (tvhich does not only feel them, but 
 hath all motion of his life placed in 
 them), shall that heart, I say, &c. 
 
 Smith's Rhetorick. 
 
 AntAPHRODI'tICK, adj. [from arrt 
 against, and 'AipjoJ.TtiVeiius.] That which 
 is efficacious againstthe venereal dise:;se. 
 
 Antapople'ctick, adj. [anl against, 
 and a'!ro'a?,niU an apoplexy.] Gooii 
 against an apoplexy. 
 
 Anta'rctick, adj. [arrl against, and 
 ofxl©- the bear or northern constella- 
 tion.] The southern pole, so called, as 
 opposite to the northern. 
 Downward as far antarctick. Milton. 
 
 They that had sail'd from near tb'antarctick ])ole, 
 Tlicir treasure safe, and all iheir vessels whole, 
 la sight of their dear country ruin'd be. 
 Without the guilt of eitlier rock or sea. Waller. 
 
 Antarthri'tick, adj. [a.r! against, and 
 aj?^'iTi; the gout.] Good againstthe gout. 
 
 Antasthma'tick, adj. [from anl and 
 aaSfta.] Good against the asthma. 
 
 A' ATE. A Latin particle signifying be- 
 fore, which is frequently used in com- 
 positions; as, antediluvian, before the 
 flood ; antechamber, a diamber leading 
 into another apartment. 
 
 A'NTEACT, n. s. [from ante and act.] A 
 former act, 
 
 Anteambula'tion, n.s. [from ante and 
 amb7jlutio,Lat.] A walking before. Z)if<. 
 
 To ANTECE'DE, v.n. [from a7ite before, 
 
 and cedo to go.] To precede ; to go before. 
 
 It seems consonant to reason, tliat the fabrick of 
 
 tlie world did not longaiilcccrfe its motion. Ilalc. 
 
 ANTECE'DENCE,n.«. [i'rom antecede.] The 
 act or state of going before, precedence. 
 
 ANT 
 
 1 1 is jmnossible that mixed bodies can be etema) ; 
 because tiiLTe is necessarily a pre-existence of the 
 sinijilL* budlfb, and antecedence of their constitu- 
 tion, [irectrdiiig the existence of mixed bodies. Ha/e. 
 
 Antece'dent, adj. [antecedt?is, Lat.] 
 
 1 , Going before ; preceding. Antecedent is 
 used, I think, only with regard to time ; 
 precedenty with regard both to time and 
 place, 
 
 To assert, that God looked upon Adam'sfall as 
 a sin, and punished it, when( without any tnitece- 
 (/t'ȣ sinof lii.s) it iva.-i imiiossibie for him not to 
 fall; seems a thing, that highly rei)roaches essen- 
 tial e((iiity and goodness. South. 
 
 2. It has to before the thing which is sup- 
 posed to follow. 
 
 No one is so hardy as to say, God is in his 
 debt ; that he owed him a nobler being : for exist- 
 ence must be tinteci'-ttiit to merit. Voider, 
 
 Did the blood tirst exist, antecedent to the forma- 
 tion of t)ie heart ? But that is, to set the etfect 
 before the cause. Bnitkxf. 
 
 Antece'dent, n. s. [antecedeiis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . That which goes before 
 A duty of so mighty an influence, tliat it is in- 
 deed tlie necessary antecedent^ if not also the di- 
 rect cause, of a snmer's return to God. South. 
 
 2. In grammai", the noun to which the 
 relative is subjoined; as, the tnan who 
 comes hither. 
 
 Let him learn the riglit joining of substantives 
 with adjectives, the nuun with the verb, and the 
 relative with the antecedent. Ascham. 
 
 3. In logick, the first proposition of an 
 enthymeme, or argument consisting 
 only of two propositions. 
 
 Conditional or iiypothetical ]>ropositions ' arc 
 those, whose parts are united by the conditional 
 particle if'; as, if the sun be fixed, the eartli must 
 move ; i/ there be no fire, there will be no smoke. 
 The tirst part of these propositions, orthat wherehi 
 the condition is contained, is called the antccedetit ; 
 the other is called the consequent. Watts's Logick. 
 
 Antece'dently, adv, [i\'om ante cedent.] 
 In the state of antecedence, or going 
 before ; previously. 
 
 We consider him antecedentli^ to his creation, 
 while he yet lay in the barren wumb of nothing, 
 and only in tlie number of possibilities. South. 
 
 ANTECE'SSOR,n.s. [Lat.] Onewhogoes 
 before,or leads another; theprincipal.Z)/c^ 
 
 Antechamber, n.s.[ante before, and 
 chamber ; it is generally wTitten, impro- 
 perly, antichamher.l The chamber tliat 
 leads to the chief apai-tment. 
 
 The empress has the antichamhers past, 
 And this way moves with a disurder'd haste. Dritd. 
 His antictiamber , and room of audience, are lit- 
 tle square chambers wainscoted. Addison. 
 
 ANTECU'RSOR, n. s. [Lat. ] One who 
 
 runs before. Diet. 
 
 To A'ntkdate v. a. [from ante, and do, 
 
 datum, Lat.] 
 1. To date earlier than the real time, so as 
 
 to confer a fictitious antiquity. 
 Now thou hast loved me one whole ilay ; 
 
 To-morrow, when thou leav'st, whatwilt thou say? 
 
 Wilt thou then antidote soiue new-made vow, 
 
 (->r say, that now 
 
 We are not just those persons which we were ? 
 
 Donne. 
 Bv reading, a m^in does (as it were) antedate 
 
 his life, and makes hiniselfcontemporary with the 
 
 a^es past. Collier. 
 
 2 .To take something before the proper time. 
 
 Our joys below it can improve, 
 And antedate the bliss above. Pi';"-". 
 
 Antedilu'vian, adj. [from cnie before, 
 and diluvium a deluge.] 
 
 ANT 
 
 1. E.visting before the deluge, 
 
 Durine the time of the deluge, all the stoiie 
 and marble of the antediluvian earth were lot;iliv 
 
 dissolved. Wovduari 
 
 2. Relating to things existing before the 
 deluge. 
 
 The te.xt intends only the line of Seth, condu 
 cible luitt) the genealogy of <»ur Saviour, and the 
 antcdiburian chronology. Brmcn's Vuls. Err 
 
 Antkdilu'vian, n. $. One that liveJ 
 before the flood. 
 
 We are so far from repining at God, that he halh 
 not extended the fteriod of our lives to the lonife- 
 vity of the antediluvians, that we give him thanks 
 for ciuitracting the days of our trial. BemUj. 
 
 An'telope, n. s. [The etymology is uncer- 
 tain.] A goat with curled or wreathed 
 horns. 
 The antelope, and wolf both fierce and fell. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Ante.meridian, adj. [from ante before, 
 and meridian noon.] Before noon. 
 
 Anteme'tick, adj. [atr'i against, and 
 ifita to vomit] That, which has the 
 power of calming the stomach, of pre- 
 venting or stopping vomiting. 
 
 Antemu'nuane, flrf/. [a?ite before, and 
 mundns the world.] 'ITiat which was 
 before the creation of the world. 
 
 Antenu'mbek, 71. «. [from anteandniim- 
 ber.] The number that precedes another. 
 Whatsoever virtue is in numbers, for conducing 
 to concent of notes, is rather to be ascribed to the 
 ujitenumher, tUnn to the entire number; as that 
 the sound returncth after si.\, or after twelve; so 
 that the seventh or thirteenth is not the matter, 
 but the sixth or the twelfth. Bacon. 
 
 A'ntep.4ST, n. *. [from ante before, and 
 pastitm to feed.] A foretaste ; something 
 taken before the proper time. 
 
 Were we to expect our bliss only in the satiating 
 our appetites, it might be reasonable, by frequent 
 antepasts, to excite our gust for that profuse per- 
 petual meal. Decaij ly yictv. 
 
 Antepenult, n. s. [ante-penuUima, Lai] 
 The last syllable but two, as the syllable 
 te in antepenult : a term of grammar. 
 Antepile'ptick, adj. [a»T» and ivtM-^'o] 
 A medicine against convulsions. 
 
 That bezoar is antidotal, lapis judaicus diu- 
 retical, coral antepileptical, we will not deny. 
 
 Brown's Vid^ar Errors. 
 
 To Antepone, «;. c. [antepono, Lat.] To 
 set one thing before another ; to prefer 
 one thing to another. Diet. 
 
 Antepredi'camen T, n. t. [antepredica- 
 mentum, Lat.] Sometlxing to be known 
 in the study of logick, previously to the 
 doctrine of the predicament. 
 
 .\nterio'rity, n. s. [from antcriour.] 
 Priority ; the state of being before, ei- 
 ther ill time or situation. 
 
 A'STE'RIOVB., adj. [anterior, Lat.] Going 
 before, either with regard to time or 
 place. 
 
 If that be the anteriour or upper part, wherein 
 the stnses are placed ; and that tlie posteriour 
 and lower part w liich is opposite thereunto : there 
 is no infcriour or former part in this animal ; for 
 the senses, being placed at both extremes, make 
 both ends anteriour ; which is impossible. 
 
 Broun? Vulgar Errours. 
 
 A'Xl^ES, n.s.[Lat.] Pillars of large dimen- 
 sions that support the front of a building. 
 Antesto'mach, n. s. [from ante before, 
 
 85
 
 ANT 
 
 and stomach. "l A cavity which leads into 
 the stomach. 
 
 \n birds there is no mastication or comminu- 
 tion of tlie meat in the mouth ; but it is immedi- 
 ately swallowed into a kind of antestomacht which 
 I have observed in piscivorous birds. Raij. 
 
 ANTHELMl'NTHiCK,arf/.[am against,and 
 sA^ixii' a worm.] That which kills worms. 
 
 ^«(/ie/mi?i(/iic/fs (or contrary toworms)are things 
 which are known by cxjjerience to kill them ; as 
 oils, or honey, taken upon an empty stomach. 
 
 Arbutimot. 
 
 A'nthem, n.s. [auBviitai;, a hymn sung in 
 alternate parts, and should therefore be 
 written antki/mn.] A holy song ; a song 
 performed as part of divine service. 
 
 God jMoscs first, then David did inspire ' 
 
 To compose anthems for his heavenly quire. Den. 
 
 There is no passion that is not linely expressed 
 
 in those parts of the insjiired writings, which are 
 
 proper for divine songs and anthenn. Addison. 
 
 ANTHo'LOGY, n.s. [atSoXoyla, from ai'So; 
 a flower, and x/yw to gather.] 
 
 1. A collection of flowers. 
 
 S. A collection of devotions in the Greek 
 church. 
 
 3. A collection of poems. 
 
 A'nthony's fire, n. s. A kind of ery- 
 sipelas. 
 
 A'NTHRA X.n.s. [^ivS^al, a burning coal .] 
 A scab or blotch, that is made by a cor- 
 rosive humour, which burns the skin, 
 and occasions sharp pricking pains ; a 
 carbuncle. Quincy. 
 
 Anthropology, n. s. [from avS^wroo? 
 man, and xiya to discourse.] The doc- 
 trine of anatomy ; tlie doctrine of the 
 form and structure of the body of man. 
 
 AnTHROPOMo'RPHITE. n. S. [a,)^^umfj.o^- 
 <po!.] One who believes a human form 
 ill the Deity. 
 
 Christians, as well as Turks, have had whole 
 sects contending, that the Deity was corporeal and 
 of human shape ; though few profess themselves 
 ttnthropiMnorphites, yet we may find many amongst 
 ■tile ignorant of that opinion. Locke. 
 
 AnTHROPO'pATHY. n. S. [a»S^w7ro; man, 
 and TraSo; passion.] The sensibility of 
 man; the passions of man. 
 
 jyTHROPOPHAGI. n.s. It has no 
 singular. [avS^uTni? man, and (fiayu to 
 eat.] Man-eaters ; cannibals ; those that 
 live upon human flesh. 
 
 The cannibals that each otlier eat, 
 The anthropophagi, and men whose heads 
 Uo glow beneath their shoulders. Shakc.^p. Othello. 
 
 Antiiropophagi'nian. 7J..5. A ludicrous 
 word, formed by Shakespeare from an- 
 thropophagi, for the sake of a formida- 
 ble sound. 
 
 Go, knock, and call ; he'll speak, like an anthro- 
 pophaginian, unto thee ; knock, I say. Shakesp. 
 
 Anthropo'phagy. n. s. [iiJ^iuTTO! a man, 
 and ipaywto eat ] The quality of eating 
 human flesh, or man-eating. 
 
 Ujjon slender foundations was raised the ant/fro- 
 pophiigii of Diomedes his horses. Broicn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 AnTHROPO'SOPHY, 71. s. [atS^wirof man, 
 and ao^ia wisdom.] Tlie knowledge of 
 the nature of man. 
 
 Anthypno'tick. arf/. [from an) against, 
 and vnrm; sleep.] That which has the 
 power of preventing sleep ; that which 
 ii efficacious against a lethargy. 
 
 ANT 
 
 Anthypochondri'ack, adj. [from anl 
 against, and iwoxo'^f'axo;.] Good against 
 hypochondriack maladies. 
 
 ANTHYPOPHORA, n.s. [a.St,^o'<popa.] 
 A figure in rhetorick, which signifies a 
 contrary illation or inference, and is 
 when an objection is refuted or disproved 
 by the opposition of a contrary sentence. 
 Smith's Rhetorick. 
 
 AntHYSTE'RICK, fidj. [from aVrt against, 
 and i'rEjiJto;.] Good against hystericks. 
 
 A'NTl, [ai'Ti.] A particle much used in 
 composition witli words derived from the 
 Greek, and signifies contrary to ; as, an- 
 timonarchical, opposite to monarchy. 
 
 Antia'cid. adj. [from am, and acidus 
 sour.] Contrary to sourness ; alkalis. 
 
 Oils are antiacids, so far as they blunt acrimony; 
 but as they are hard of digestion, they produce 
 acrimony of another sort. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Antichache'ctick. adj. [from ui'r) 
 against, and xa^'l'* a bad habit.] Things 
 adapted to the cureof abaci constitution. 
 
 Anti'chamber, n. s. This word is cor- 
 ruptly written for antechamber ; which 
 see. 
 
 Antichristian, adj. [from am against, 
 and x^iriato'; christian.] Opposite to 
 Christianity. , 
 
 That despised, abject, oppressed sort of men, 
 the ministers, whom the world would make anti'- 
 christian, and so deprive them of lieaven. South, 
 
 Antichri'stianlsm, n. s. [from anli- 
 christian. Opposition or contrariety 
 to Christianity. 
 
 Have we not seen many whose opinions have 
 fastened upon one another tlie brand of antichris- 
 tianism? Decai/ of Pielii. 
 
 Antichristia'nity, n. s. [from ayiti- 
 christian.] Contrariety to Christianity. 
 
 Anti'chronism. n.s. [am against, and 
 Xfotof time.] Deviation from the right 
 order or account of time. 
 
 To ANTICIPATE, v. a. [anlicipo, Lat.] 
 
 J . To take something sooner than another, 
 so as to prevent him that comes after ; to 
 take first possession. 
 
 God hath taken care to atiticipnte and prevent 
 every roan, to draw him early into liii churcli ; to 
 give piety the prepossession, and so to engai;e 
 him in holiness. Hammond. 
 
 If our apostle liad maintained such an aji(ici- 
 piiling principle, engraven upon our souls before 
 all exercise of reason ; wliy did he talk of seeking 
 the Lord, seeing that the" knowledge of him was 
 innate and per|ietu;il. Bentlf^. 
 
 2. To take up before the time at which 
 any thing miglit be regularly had. 
 
 I hnd, I have anticipated alreadv, and taken up 
 from Boccace, Ijefore I come to linn ; but I am of 
 the temper of kings, who are for present money 
 no matter liow they pay it. Vnide'n. 
 
 3. To foretaste or talie an impressionof some- 
 thing, which is not yet, as if it really M-as, 
 
 The life of tl;e desperate ecpials the anxiety of 
 death, who but act the life of the damned, "and 
 anticipate the desolations of liell. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 Why shotild we 
 Anticipate our sorrows r 'tis like those, 
 That die for fear of death. Dcniuim. 
 
 4. To prevent any thing by crowding in 
 before it ; to preclude. 
 
 Time, thou anticipat'st my dread exploits; 
 The flighty purpose never is o'ertook, 
 1 Unless the deed ^o with it. Shaketpeare. 
 
 ANT 
 
 I am far from pretending to instruct the profe»- 
 sion, or anticipating their directions to sucli as are 
 undertheir government, Arlmthnat. 
 
 Anticipa'tion, n. s. [homatiticipate.] 
 
 1. The act of taking up something before 
 its time. 
 
 The golden number gives the new moou fonr 
 days too late, by- reason of the aforesaid miticipa- 
 tion, and our neglect of it. Holder. 
 
 It is not enough to be miserable when the tiimi 
 comes; unless we make ourselves so beforehand, 
 and by anticipation. L'Estr-ange. 
 
 2. Foretaste. 
 
 If we really live under the hope of future hap- 
 piness, we shall taste it byway of anticipation and 
 forethought j an image of it will meet our minds 
 often, and stay there, as all pleasing expectations 
 do. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Opinion implanted before the reasons 
 of that opinion can be known. 
 
 Tlic east and west, tlie north and south hav-« 
 the same anticipation concerning one supreme 
 disposer of things. Stillingjleet. 
 
 What nation is there, that, without any teach- 
 ing, have not a kind of anticipation, or preconceived 
 notion of a Deity ? IJcrham. 
 
 A'ntick. adj. [probably from antiquus 
 ancient, as things out of use appear 
 odd] Odd ; ridiculously wild ; buffoon 
 in gesticulation. 
 
 What ! dares the slave 
 Come hither cover'd with an antick face, 
 And fleer and scorn at our solemnity. 
 
 Shakespeare's Borneo and Julitt. 
 Of all our antick sights, and pageantry, 
 ViVhichKnglish idiots run in crowds to see. Dryd. 
 The prize was to be conferred upon the whist- 
 ler, that could go through liis tune without laugh- 
 ing, though provoked by tlie antic postures of a 
 nierry andrew, wlio was to play tricks. Addison. 
 
 A'ntick, n.s. 
 
 1. He that plays anticks ; he that uses 
 odd gesticulation ; a buffoon. 
 
 Within tlie hollow crown. 
 That rounds the mortal 1em[)les of a king, 
 Keeps death his court ; and there tlie antick sits, 
 Scolhng his state. Shakespeare. 
 
 If you should smile, he grows impatient.— 
 Fear not, my Lord, we can contain ourselves. 
 Were he the veriest antick in the world. Shakesp. 
 i2. Odd appearance. 
 
 A work of rich entail and curious mold. 
 Woven with anticks and wild imagery. Fairy Q. 
 
 For, ev'n at first reflection, she espies 
 Such to\s, such anticks, and such vanities ; 
 As slic retires, and shrinks, for sliame and fear. 
 
 Daeies. 
 
 To A'ntick, v. a. [from antick] To make 
 antick. 
 
 JMine own tongue 
 Splits what it speaks; the wild disguise hath almost 
 Antickt us all Siiakcspearf. 
 
 Antickly, adv. [from antick.] In an 
 antick manner ; with odd postures ; wiltl 
 gesticulations, or fanciful appearance. 
 
 Scrambling, out-facing, fashioii-iuongrin"boys ; 
 That lye, and cog, and llont, deprave, and slandeJ, 
 Go an'ticktii, and^shew an outward hideousness. 
 And speat of half a dozen dangerous words. 
 
 Shakes]>ea>-e. 
 
 ANTICLIMAX, n. s. [from cl,rl, and 
 KXi^al a ladder.] A sentence in which 
 the last part expresses something lower 
 than the first. 
 
 A certain figure, which was unkiiowu to the 
 ancients, is called by some an tmiiclimax. Addison. 
 
 This distich is frequently mentioned as an ex- 
 ample : 
 
 Next comes Dalhoussey, the great god of wa ■, 
 Lieutenant-col'nel to the earl of Mar. 
 
 Anticonvu'lsive. adj. [from a>Ti 
 against, and convulsive.] Good against 
 convulsions. 
 
 86
 
 ANT 
 
 Wlmtsoever produces an inriammatorv disposi- 
 tion in the lilood, produces the asthuia, as unti- 
 CMiiitl.-hx im-diciiies. Floifer. 
 
 AXllVOli, n.s. [from «»ti against, and 
 cor tiie heart.] 
 
 A iirelLTuatural swelling of a round figure, 
 occasioned by u sauuuine and bilious humour, and 
 appe.iringin aluirsc s breast, opposite to his heart. 
 Au anlio>i- maj kill ahorse, unless it be brought 
 to a sappuration by good remedies. Fiin-icr's Diet. 
 
 Antico URTIER. n. «. [from aVi against, 
 anil courtier.] One that opposes the 
 court. 
 
 Anti'dotaLj adj. [from antidote.] That 
 which has tiie quality of an antidote, or 
 the power of counteracting poison. 
 
 Tliat bezoar is antidotal, "e sliall not deny. Broicn. 
 Animals, that car. innoxiously digest these poi- 
 sons, hccuma anliilMal to the poison digested. 
 
 Bn)»'!('i Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Antidote, tt.f. [a'jxiM©-, antidotus, 
 Lat.] A thing given in opposition to 
 something else. 
 
 A medicine, given to expel the mischiefs of 
 another, as of poison. Qtimev. 
 
 Trust not the phy sician ; 
 His anticlotei are poison, and he slays 
 More tiian you rob. Shakespeare. 
 
 AVhat fool would believe tlmtantirfofc, delivered 
 by Pierius, against the sting of a scorpion ? to sit 
 upon an ass, with one's face towards his tail. 
 
 iJrou'n's Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 Poison will work against the stars : beware ; 
 
 For ev'ry meal an antidote prepare. Drydtn jun. 
 
 AnTIDYSENTe'RICK. adj. [from dm 
 
 against, and dysaitma, a bloody flux.] 
 
 Good against the bloody flux. 
 
 Antife'brile, adj. [from an) against, 
 
 and/e&r!.$ a fever.] Good against fevers. 
 
 Antifebrile medicines check the ebullition. F/nmr. 
 
 Antilo'garith5I,7j.s. [from aVxi against, 
 and logarithm.] 
 
 The complement of the logarithm of a sine, 
 tangent, or secant ; or the difference of that loga- 
 rithm, from a logarithm of ninety degrees. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Anti'logy. n. s. [aViXoyta.] A Contradic- 
 tion between any words and passages 
 in an author. Diet. 
 
 Anti'loquist, n. s. [from dtr) against, 
 and loquor to speak.] A contradictor. Die. 
 
 Antimonarchical. adj- [from am 
 against, and i^lchu^xm government by a 
 single person.] Against governiiient by 
 a single person. 
 
 When he s^icd the statue of King Charles in 
 the middle of the crowd, and most of the kings 
 ranged over their heads ; he concluded, that an 
 antimonarchical assembly could never choose such 
 a place. Addison. 
 
 Antimon.Vrchicalness. n. s. [from 
 antimonarchical.] The quality of being 
 an eneni}' to regal power. 
 Antimo'nial, adj. [from antimoni/.] 
 Wade of antimony ; liaving the qualities 
 of antimony ; relating to antimony. 
 
 They were got out of the reach of antimonial 
 fumes. G?-cii'. 
 
 Though antimonial cups, prepar'd with art. 
 Their f<irce to wine through ages should impart ; 
 This dissipation, this profuse e\pence. 
 Nor shrinks their size, nor wastes their stores im- 
 mense. BUickmare. 
 
 A'XTIMONY. n.s. [The stibium of the 
 ancients, by the Greeks called jiftfti. 
 The reason of its modern denomination 
 is referred to Basil Valentine, a German 
 monk; who, as the tradition relates, 
 
 ANT 
 
 having thrown some of it to the hogs, 
 observed that, after it had purged them 
 heartily, they immediately fattened ; 
 and therefore he imagined his fellow 
 monks woidd be the better for a like 
 dose. The experiment, however, suc- 
 ceeded so ill, that tliey all died of it ; 
 and the medicine was thenceforward 
 called aniimoine, an'imonk] 
 
 Antimouu is a mineral .substance, of a metalline 
 nature, h.iving all the seeming characters of a 
 real metal, except malleabililv ; and may be 
 called a semimetal, being a fos'sile glebe of some 
 undetermined metal, combined witli a sulphurous 
 and stony substauce. l>,VmQi of all metals afford 
 it ; that in gold mines is reckoned best. It has 
 also its own mines in Hungary, Germany, and 
 France. Its texture is full of little shining veins 
 or threads, like needles ; brittle as glass. Sotne- 
 times veins of a red or golden colour are inter- 
 mixed, which is called male antimony ; that with- 
 out them being denominated female antimouit. It 
 fuses in the lire, though with some ditiiculty ; and 
 dissolves more easily in water. It destroys and 
 dissipates all metal's fused with it, except gold ; 
 and it is therefore useful in refining. It is a com- 
 mon ingredient in specnlums, or burniiii; con- 
 caves ; serving to give them a finer j-olisli. It 
 makes a part ill bell metal ; and renders the sound 
 more clear. It is mingled with tin, to niakeU 
 more hard, white, and sound ; and with lead, in 
 the casting of printer's letters, to render them 
 more smooth and firm. It is a general help in the 
 melting of metals, and especially in casting of 
 cannon balls. In pharmacy it is used under va- 
 rious forms, and"ilh various intentions, chiefly 
 as an emetick. Chambers. 
 
 Antinephri'tick. adj. [from dn) and 
 ntp^Wix-of ] Medicines good against dis- 
 eases of the reins and kidneys. 
 An'tinomy, n. s. [from avxi and vo/xo;.] 
 A contradiction between two laws, or 
 two articles of the same law. 
 Antimouie.i are almost nnavoidable in such va- 
 riety of opinions and answers. Baker. 
 
 Antiparaly'tick, adj. [from am and 
 ■crajaXvo-i;.] Efficacious against thepalsy. 
 
 Antipathe'tical. adj. [from antipa- 
 thy.] Having a natural contrariety to 
 any thing. 
 
 The soil is fat and luxurious, and antipathetical 
 to all venomous creatures. HoweWs Vocal Forest. 
 
 Antipathe'tic ALNESS. U.S. [tvom anti- 
 pathetical.] The quality or state of 
 having a natural contrariety to any thim;-. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 ANTITATHY, n. s. [from d,Tl against, 
 and ■sraSo; feeling ; antipathic, Fr.] 
 
 1. A natural contrariety to any thing, so 
 as to shun it involui"itarily;aversion ; dis- 
 like. It is opposed to sympathy. 
 
 No contraries hold more antipathy, 
 Than I and such a knave. Shakespeare. 
 
 To this perhaps might be justly attributed most 
 of the sympathies and antipathies observable in 
 men. Locke. 
 
 2. It has sometimes the particle against, 
 before the object of antipathy. 
 
 I had a mortal untipathtj against standing armies 
 in times of peace; because 1 took armies to be 
 hired by the master of the family, to keep his 
 children in slavery. * Su-ift. 
 
 3. Sometimes to. 
 Ask you, what provocation I have had? 
 
 The strong antipothy of good to bad. 
 \yhen truth, or virtue, analf'rontendutes, 
 I'h' afifront is mine, my friend, and sliould be 
 your's. Pope. 
 
 •i. Formerly with ; but improperly. 
 
 ANT 
 
 Tangible bodies have an antiimthy uith air ; and 
 any liquid body, that is more dense, ihev will 
 draw, condense*, and (in eifect) incorjiorat* . liucon. 
 
 AXriPERISTASlS, n. s. [from dnt-^i- 
 (irao-i;. formed of dn), and Tn^iraua: to 
 .stand round.] The opposition of a con- 
 trary quality, by which the quality it 
 ojjposes becoDie.s heightened or intend- 
 ed ; or the action by which a body, at- 
 tacked by anotiier, collects itself, and 
 becomes stronger by such opposition ; 
 or an intention of tlie activity of one 
 quality causetl by the opposition of ano- 
 ther. Thus tjuicklime is sel on fire by 
 the affusion of cold water; so w;.ter 
 becomes warmer in winter than in sum- 
 mer ; and thunder and lightinng are 
 excited in tiie middle region of the air, 
 which is continually cold, and all by un- 
 tiperistasis. This is an exploded prin- 
 ciple in the Peripatetick philosophy. 
 
 Th' antiperistasis of age 
 
 Slorc infiam'd his am'rous rage. Couleu. 
 
 Ihe riotous prodigal detests covetnusneas ; yet 
 let him find the springs grow dry which feed his 
 luxury, covetousness shall lie called in ; and so, 
 by a "strange antiperistasis, prodigality shall beget 
 r.apine. Ihcay nf Piety. 
 
 Antipestile'ntial, adj. [from airJ 
 against, and pestilential.] Efficacious 
 against infection of the plague. 
 
 Perfumes correct the air before it is attracted 
 by the lungs ; or, rather, antipestilenlial unguents, 
 to anoint tire nostrils with, llarreu on the Flagut. 
 
 ANTIPHRA.SI.S, n. s. {iromdnl against, 
 and ipfao-i; a form of speecii.] The use 
 of words in a sense opposite to their 
 proper meaning. 
 
 You now find no cause to repent, that you 
 never dipt your hands in the bloody high courts 
 of justice, so called only by antiphrasis. South. 
 
 Anti'podal, adj. [i'vom antipodes.] Re- 
 lating to tlie countries inhabited by the 
 antipodes. 
 The Americans are antipodal unto tlie Lidians 
 
 Brpirn. 
 
 ANTIPODES, n. s. It has no lingular. 
 
 [fromaVri against, and ■sro'^i; feet.] Those 
 people who, living on the other side of 
 the globe, have their feet directly oppo- 
 posite to ours. 
 
 \Ve should hold day with the antipodes. 
 If you would walk in absence of Uie sun. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 So shines the sun, tho' hence remov'd, as clear 
 \Vhen his beams warm th' ajitipodes, as here. 
 
 Il'a/;rr. 
 
 An'tipope, 71. s. [from dn) against, and 
 pope.] He that usurps the popedom in 
 op))osition to the right pope. 
 
 This house is famous in history, for the retreat 
 of an antipope, who called himseff Ftlix V. 
 
 Addison. 
 ANTIPTO'SIS. tl. s. [a.Tljrrwrif.] A 
 figure in grammar, by which one case 
 is put for another. 
 A'ntiqiary, n. s. [aniiquariiis, Lat.] A 
 man studious of antiquity ; a collector 
 of ancient things. 
 
 All arts, rarities, and inventions, are but the 
 relicks of an intellect defaced with sin. We ad- 
 mire it now, only as rtiiti^imr/es'do a piece of old 
 coin, for the stamp it once bore. South. 
 
 With .-harpen'd sight pale initi<ju«ri« pore, 
 Th' inscription value", but the rust adore. Pope. 
 'I'he rude Latin of the monks is still very intel- 
 ligible : had their records been delirered in the 
 
 87
 
 ANT 
 
 vulgar tongue, they could not now be iinderstooil 
 unless by untiquanes. Simfh 
 
 A'ntiquary. adj. [This word is impro- 
 per.] Old ; antique. 
 
 Here's Ni-stor, 
 Instructed by the a'ttiijtntru limes ; 
 He must, he is, he cannot hut be \visc. Shakt'^\ 
 
 To A'ntiquate, v. a. [antiguo Lat.] To 
 put out of use ; to make obsolete. 
 
 The growth of Christianity in this kingdom 
 might reasonably introduce new laws, and anti- 
 i^uiite or abrogate some old ones, that seemed less 
 consistent with ihe Christian doctrines. Hak. 
 
 Milton's Paradise lost is admirable. But can- 
 not I admire the heigiit of his invention, and the 
 strengtli of his expression, without defending his 
 antiquated words, and the perpetual harshness of 
 their sound ? Dryden. 
 
 Almighty Latium, witli her cities crown'd. 
 Shall like an antiqaated fable sound. Addison. 
 
 A'ntiquatedness, «. 5. [flora antiqua- 
 ted.^ The state of being antiquated, 
 worn out of use, or obsolete. 
 
 ANTI'QUE, adj. [antique, Fr. antiquus, 
 Lilt.] It was formerly pronounced ac- 
 cording to the English analogy, with the 
 accent on the first syllable ; but now after 
 the French, with the accent on the last, at 
 least in prose ; the poets use it variously. 
 
 1. Ancient; old; not modern. 
 
 Now, good Cesario, but that piece of sonir. 
 That old and antique song,^ve heard last night.i/wfc. 
 
 Such truth in love, as tli' antique world did know 
 In such a style, as courts mi^^ht boast of now. IKa/Zcr 
 
 2. Of genuine antiquity. 
 
 The seals which we have remaining of .Tubus 
 Cajsar, which we know to be antqne, have the star 
 of Venus over them. Dryden. 
 
 My copper lamps, at any rate, 
 For beiue true antique I bought ; s^.^. 
 
 Yet wisely melted down my plate, "1^_- 
 On modern models to be wrought ; * 
 
 And tritles I alike pursue. 
 
 Because they've old, because they're new. Prior. 
 8. Of old fashion. 
 
 Forth came that ancient lord and aged queen, 
 Array'd in antique robes down to the ground. 
 And sad habiliments right well beseen. Fairy Q. 
 
 Must he no more divert the tedious day .' 
 Nor sparkling thoutrlUs in antique words convey ? 
 iimith to tlie Memory of' Philips. 
 4. Odd; wild; antick. 
 
 Name not these living death-heads unto me ; 
 For these not ancient but antique be. Donne. 
 
 And sooner may a gulling weather spy, 
 Bv drawing forth'heav'ns scheme, tell certainly, 
 What fashion'd hats, or rails, or suits, next year 
 Our giddy-headed rtattgrfc youth will wear. Donne. 
 
 A'ntique, n. s. [from antique, adj.] An 
 antiquity ; a remain of ancient times ; 
 an ancient rarity. 
 
 I leave to Edward, now earl of 0.\ford, my seal 
 of .Julius Cicsar; as also another seal, supposed 
 to be a young Hercules ; both very choice loi- 
 luiue.^, ;nid set in gold. Swift. 
 
 A'ntiqueness.k. s. [from antique.] The 
 quality of being antique ; an appearance 
 of antiquity. 
 
 We may discover something venerable in the 
 antiqueness of the work : but we would see the 
 the design enlarged. Addiscni. 
 
 Anti'quity, n.s. [antiquitas, Lat.] 
 1. Old times ; time past long ago. 
 
 I mention Aristotle, Polyliius, and Cicero, the 
 great! St phdosopher, the u'lost impartial historian, 
 and the must constnumate statesman, of all anti- 
 
 qnity. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. The people of old times ; the ancients. 
 
 ■j'hat such pillars were raised by Seth, all anti- 
 quity has avowed. _ Raleigh. 
 
 3. The works or remains of old times. 
 
 As for the observation of JMachiavel, traducing 
 
 ANT 
 
 Gregory the Great, that he did what in him lav, 
 to extmguish all heathen antiquities : I do not find 
 that those zeals last long ; as it appeared in the 
 succession of Sabinian, who did revive the former 
 antiquities. Bacon. 
 
 4. Old age; a ludicrous sense. 
 
 Is not 3'our voice broken r your wind short ? 
 your chin" double ■* your wit single .' and every 
 part about you blas'ted with anliifuity? and will 
 you yet call yourself young ? Shakespeare 
 
 5. Ancientness ; as, this ring is valuable 
 for its antiquity. 
 
 AATI'SCIT. n.s. It has no singular. 
 [from an), and onwr shadow.] In geo- 
 graphy, the people who inhabit on dif- 
 ferent sides of the equator, who conse- 
 quently at noon have their shadows 
 projected opposite ways. Tlius the people 
 of the north are Antiscii to those of the 
 south ; the one projecting their shadows 
 at noon toward the north pole, and the 
 other toward the south pole. Chambers. 
 
 Antiscorbu'tical. adj. [from an) 
 against, and scorbutuin the scurvy.] 
 Good against the scurvy. 
 
 The warm antiscorbutical plants, in quantities, 
 will occasion slinking breath, and corrupt the 
 blood. Arbuthnot. 
 
 ANTlscORBU'TlCK.nrf;. [from ««•( against, 
 and scorbulum the scurvy.] Good 
 against the scurvy. 
 
 I'he warm antiscorbutichi, animal diet, and 
 animal salts are jiroper. Arbuthnot. 
 
 ANTISPASIS. n. s. [from dn) against, 
 and ca-aij to draw.] The revulsion of 
 any humour into another part. 
 
 ANTlSPASMO'DlCK.c(//.[from an) against 
 and o-5racr|uo,- the cramp.] That which 
 has the power of relieving the cramp. 
 
 Antispa'stick, adj. [from dm and 
 cTTrafixo;.] Rledicines which cause a 
 revulsion of the humours. 
 
 .\ntisplene'tick. adj. [from dtr) and 
 splenetick.] Efficacious in diseases of 
 the spleen. 
 
 Antispknetichs open the obstructions of the 
 spleen. Fioyer. 
 
 ANrrSTROPIIE. n. s. [ayrlrjopi, from 
 diTi the contrary way, and r^oipii turning.] 
 Ill an ode supposed to be sung in parts, 
 the second stanza of every three, or 
 sometimes every second stanza ; so 
 called because the dance turns about.] 
 
 Antistrumatick. adj. [from dir), and 
 struma a scrophulous swelling.] Good 
 against the king's evil. 
 
 I prescribed hirn a distilled milk, with antlstr^i- 
 matieks, and purged him. Wiseman. 
 
 ANTITHESIS, n. s. in the plural anti- 
 
 thises. [aWiSio-i;, placing in opjiosition.] 
 Opposition of words or sentiments ; 
 contrast ; as in these lines : 
 
 Though gentle, yet not dull. 
 Strong without rage ; wilhouto^'erlluwing, full. Den. 
 
 I see a chief, who leads my chosen sons. 
 All arm'd with points, antithesis and puns. 
 
 A'NTlTYPE.Jt.S. [a\riTV7r&'.] That which is 
 resembled or shadowed out by the type; 
 that of which the type is the represen- 
 tation. It is a term of tlieology.SeeTvPE 
 
 When once upon the wing, he soars to an higher 
 pitch, from the type to the antitype, tu the days of 
 the Slesiiab, the ascension of our Saviour, ani (at 
 
 A N V 
 
 the length) to his kingdom and dominion over all 
 the earth. Burnet's Theoni. 
 
 He brought forth bread and wine, and was the 
 priest of tlie most high God ; imitating the niifj- 
 type, or the substance; Christ himself Taiiktr. 
 
 Antity'pical, adj. [from antili/pc.] That 
 which relates to an antitype ; that which 
 explains the type. 
 
 Antivene'real, adj. [from an) and ve- 
 
 ?((-rea/.]Good against thevenereal disease. 
 
 If the lues be joined with it, you will scarce 
 
 cure your patient without exhibituig antirenertal 
 
 remedies. Wisemim. 
 
 A'ntler, n. s. [andouillier, Fr.] Properly 
 the first branches of a stag's horns ; but 
 popularly and generally, any of his 
 branches. 
 
 Grown old, tliey grow less branched, and first 
 lose their brow antlers, or lowest furcations next to 
 the head. Brmim. 
 
 A well-grown stag, whose anilcrs rise 
 
 High o'er his front, hi* beams invade the skies. 7>r|/(i 
 
 Bright Diana [antli'rs 
 
 Brought hunted vild goats heads, and branching 
 
 Of stags, the fruit and honour of her toil. Prior. 
 
 AI\TOECI,n.s. It has no singular. [Lat. 
 from atr), and oJki'w, to inhabit.] In geo- 
 graphy, tliose inhabitantsof the earth who 
 live under the same meridian, and at the 
 same distance from the equator ; the one 
 towards the north, and the other to the 
 south. Hence they have the same longi- 
 tude ; and their latitude is also the same, 
 but of a different denomination. They 
 are in the same semicircle of tlie meri- 
 dian, but opposite parallels. They have 
 precisely the same hours of the day and 
 night, but opposite seasons ; and the 
 night of the one is always equal to the 
 day of the other. Chambers. 
 
 ANT0N03IASIA, n. s. [from a>r) and 
 ivoiAU a name.] A form of speech, in 
 which, for a proper name, is put the name 
 of some dignity, office, profession, sci- 
 ence, or trade ; or when a proper name 
 is put in the room of an appellative. Thus 
 a king is called his majesty ; a nobleman 
 his lordship. We say the philosopher in- 
 stead of Ari.stotle, and the orator for Ci- 
 cero : thus a man is called by the name 
 of l:is country, a German, an Italian ; 
 and a grave man is called a Cato, and a 
 wise man a Solomon. Smith's Rhetorich 
 
 .■^n'tre, n. s. [antre, Fr. antrum, Lat.] 
 A cavern ; a cave ; a den : not in use. 
 
 \\'ith all my travels history. 
 Wherein of antres vast, and desarts idle. 
 It was my bent to speak. Shakespeare. 
 
 An'vil, 71. s. [snpille. Sax.] 
 
 1. The iron block on which the smith 
 lays his metal to be forged. 
 
 1 saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus, 
 The whilst his iron did on his unvil cool. Shuke$p. 
 
 On their eternal anvils here be found 
 The brethren beating, and tlie blows go round. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Any thing on which blows are laid. 
 
 Here I clip 
 The anvil of my sword, and do contest 
 Hotly and iiobfy. Shakexpeare, 
 
 3. Figuratively ; to be upon the anvil, is to 
 be in a state of formation or preparation. 
 
 Several members of our house, kno%\ing what 
 was upon the «ni'i7, went to the cle'gy, and desirt d 
 their judgment. Swift. 
 
 88
 
 A O R 
 
 Anxi'f.ty. n. s. [anxietas, Lat.] 
 1. Trouble of mind, about some future 
 event ; suspense, with uneasiness ; per- 
 plexity ; solicitude. 
 
 To lie Imppv, is not only to be freed from tlic 
 pains and diseases of the body, liiit from nmulii 
 and vc-xatioii of spirit, not only to enjoy tlie plea- 
 sures of sense, but peace of conscience and Iran- 
 quillilj'if mind. Tilhlsm. 
 
 S. In the medical lanf;uas;e ; lowness of 
 spirits with uneasiness of the stomach. 
 
 In :miiclics wliicli attend fevers, when tiie cold 
 fit is over, a wanner reijinicn may be allowed ; 
 and, because maieties often happen by spasms 
 from wind, spices are useful. Arbtdhnot. 
 
 A'NXrOUS. adj. [anxms, Lat.J 
 
 1. Disturbed, about some inicertain event ; 
 solicitous ; being in painful suspense ; 
 painfully uncertain. 
 
 Jlis pensive cheek ujion his hand rcclin'd. 
 And animis thoughts revolving in his mind. 
 
 With beating hearts the dire event they wait, 
 Amimis, and trembling for the birth of fate. Pope. 
 
 2. Careful ; full of inquietude ; unquiet. 
 In youth alone, unhappy mortals live ; 
 
 But, ah I the mighty bhssis fui»itive ; 
 
 Discolour'd sicknes's, anxiotis ialtour come. 
 
 And age, and death's inexorable doom. Drifdcn. 
 
 S. Careful, as of a thing of great impor- 
 tance. 
 
 No writings we need to be solicitous about the 
 meaning of, but those that contain truths we are 
 to believe, or laws we are to obey ; we may be 
 less aiiiious ahout the sense of other authors. Lor/iC. 
 4. It has generally for or about, before 
 the object ; but sometimes of, less )iro- 
 perly. 
 
 j4tjj:/oi(S (i/" neglect, suspecting change. 
 
 GranvlUf. 
 A'nxiously. adv. [from anxious.] In 
 an anxious manner; solicitously; un- 
 quietly ; carefully ; with painful un- 
 certainty. 
 
 But, where the loss is tenijioral, every probabi- 
 lity of it needs not ])nt us so aniioitsh'lo prevent 
 it, since it might be repaired again. South. 
 
 Thou, what befits the new lord mayor, 
 And what the Gailick arms will do, 
 Art anxiojtsltj inquisitive to know. Drtjilen. 
 
 A'xxiousNESs. ti. s. [from anj/o?/,?.] The 
 quality, of being anxious ; susceptibility 
 of anxiety. 
 
 A'ny. adj. [anij, or enij, Sax.] 
 
 1. Ever}'; whoever he be; whatever it 
 be. It is, in all its senses, applied in- 
 differently to persons or things. 
 
 Iknow, you are now (Sir) a gentleman born ; 
 Ay, and have been so, any time these four hours. 
 
 Shakespcore. 
 
 lou contented yourself with being capable, as 
 much asniiv whosoever, of defending your coun- 
 try with your sword. Druden. 
 
 How (it is this retreat, for uninterrupted study ! 
 Any one that sees it will own, I could not have 
 chosen a more likely place to converse with the 
 dead in. p„,,(,. 
 
 2. Whosoever; whatsoever; as distin- 
 guished from some other. 
 
 What warmth is there in your affection to- 
 wards ajii/ of these princely suitors, that are al- 
 ready come ? Sliah'-nH-arc. 
 
 Ar. inverted motion, being began any where be- 
 low, Continues itself all the whole length. Locke. 
 
 3. It is used, in opposition to nom\ 
 
 I wound, and 1 heal : neither is there arm, that 
 
 can deliver out of my hand. Dciil. \xxiii. Si). 
 
 A'ORIST. U.S. [a'o'jiro?.] Indefinite; a 
 
 term in the Greek grammar. 
 AORTA, n.s. [dofr,.] The great arte- 
 VOL. I, 
 
 A P A 
 
 ry, which rises immediately out of the' 
 left ventricle of the heart. Quincy 
 
 Apa'ce. adv. [from fl and j)acc\ that 
 
 is, witli a great pace.] 
 1. Quick; speedily: used of things in 
 motion. 
 
 Or wlicn the flyinff libbard she did chace, 
 She cuuld then nnubly move, and after fl^r apncc. 
 
 Sfieiiser. 
 Ay, qiioth my uncle Glo'stcr, 
 Small herbs have gi;ice,i.'rc'at weeds dci iitow apace: 
 And since, methinks, I wuuKi not grow so fast, 
 Because sweet flow'rs are slow, and weeds make 
 haste. Shakeqieare. 
 
 He prnmis'd in his east a glorious race ; 
 iw, sunk fro ui his mcritlian,>.ets a/mct*. Drifdcn. 
 
 APE 
 
 No 
 
 Is not he imprudent; who, seeing the tide 
 making haste towards him «;wce, will sleep till 
 the sea overwhelm him ? Tillotson. 
 
 2. With haste ; applied to some action 
 The baron now bis diamonds pours apace ; 
 
 Th'embroider'd king,^vho shows but half his fare. 
 And his refulgent ipieen. Pope's Rape of the Lock. 
 
 3. Hastil}' ; with speed: spoken of any 
 kind of progression, from one state to 
 another. 
 
 This second course of men, 
 AVilh some regard to what is just and right. 
 Shall lead their lives, and mullijily apace. Milton. 
 The life and power of religion decays apace 
 here and at home, while we are spreading the ho- 
 nour of our arms far and wide through foreign na- 
 tions. Atterbury 
 If sensible pleasure, or real grandeur, be oiir 
 end, we shall proceed ap'ice to real misery. Watts. 
 
 .■\ P A G o'g I C A L. atlj. [from aVaywyJj, com- 
 pounded oCaVo from, and ayu to bring 
 or draw.] An apnu'ogical demonstra- 
 tion is such, as does not prove tlse thing 
 direct!)'; but sliews the impossibility 
 or absurdity, wliich arises from ilenj-ing 
 it; anil is also c.illed rcductio ad impo.s- 
 sil)ile,oi- ad ah.snidtim. Chambirs. 
 
 Apart, adi: [apurl, Fr.] 
 
 1. Separately from the rest, in place. 
 Since I enter into that question, it beho^eth me, 
 
 to give reason for my opinion, with circiims])ec- 
 tion ; because I walk aside, and in a way apart 
 from the multitude. lialcigh. 
 
 The party discerned, that the earl of Essex 
 would ne\er serve their turn: they resolved, to 
 have another army apart, that shoulcl be at their 
 deycpti-jii. " Clarendon. 
 
 2. In a state of distinction ; as, to set 
 apart for any use. 
 
 lie is so very fit;urativc, that he reciuires a 
 grammar apart, io construe him. Urijdcn. 
 
 The tyrant shall demand yon sacred load,' 
 And gold and vessels, set apart for God. Prior. 
 
 3. Distinctly. 
 Moses first naraeth heaven and earth, putting 
 
 W'aters but in the tliirtl jilace, as coinpreheiulin^ 
 waters in the word earth ; but afterwards he 
 nameth lhemo/)(ir(. l{utci"h. 
 
 4. At a distance ; retired from the other 
 company. 
 
 So please you, madam. 
 To put apart these your attendants. Sltakrsp. 
 
 Apa'rt.me.nt. n.s. [apartcmrnt, Fr.] A 
 part of the house, allotted to the use of 
 any particular person; a room; a set 
 of rooms. 
 
 A private gallery 'twixt th' apartments led. 
 Not to the foe yet known. Sir J. Dtnman. 
 
 lie, pale as death, despoil'd of his array, 
 lull) the queen's apartment takes his way. Urvd. 
 
 The most considerable ruin is that o\\ the east- 
 earn promontory, wlii-re are still some apartments 
 left, very high, "and .arched at top. .^ddiwn. 
 
 A'PATH v. 71. s. [a not, and ■auBo; feel- 
 ing.] The quality of not feeling ; ex- 
 
 emption from passion ; freedom from 
 mental perturbation. 
 
 Of good and evil much titey argued then, 
 Pa>,sion and apalhxi, glory, and shame. Miltvi. 
 'Jo remain nisensible of such provocaliim, it 
 not constancy, but apathy. South, 
 
 In la/y apathy let Stoicks boast 
 Their virtue fix'd ; 'tis fu'd as in frost, 
 Contracted all, retiring to the breast ; 
 liut strength of mind is exercise, not rest. Pope. 
 Al'K. n. s. [ape, Icelandish.] 
 1. A kind of monkey, remarkable for imi- 
 tating what he sees. 
 
 I will be more newfaiigjfd than an ape; more 
 
 gidd^- in my desires, than a monkey. Shahesp. 
 
 Writers report, that th< heart o"f an n;)*, worn 
 
 near the iiearl, eomfortetli the heart, and iiicreas- 
 
 ctli audacity. It is true, that the ape is a merry 
 
 and bold beast. Bacon. 
 
 With glittering gold and sparkling gems tlicy 
 
 shine ; 
 
 But apes and monkeys are the gods within. 
 
 GranvUU. 
 Celestial Beings, when of late they saw 
 A mortal man unfold all Nature's law, 
 Admir'd such knowledge in a human shape. 
 And show 'd a New ton, as we show an apt. Pope. 
 
 2. An imitator; used generally in the bad 
 sense. 
 
 Julio Romano, who, had he himself elcniilv, 
 and could |nit breath into his work, would beguHe 
 Nature of her custom, so perfectly is he her ape. 
 
 Shakcsjt. 
 To Ape. v. a. [from ape.] To imitate, as 
 an ape imitates human actions. 
 Aping the foreigners in every dress ; 
 Which, bought at greater cost) becomes him less. 
 
 Drydeu. 
 Curse on the stripling ! how lie apes his sire ! 
 Ambitiously sententious ! Addison. 
 
 Ape'ak, or -APEEiv adv. [probably from 
 a pique.] In a posture to pierce; form- 
 ed with a point. 
 
 A'pePSY. 71. s. [dvi-i''*a,.] 
 tural concoction. 
 
 A'PEK. n. s. [from ape.] 
 imitator, or mimick. 
 
 Aperient, adj. [aperio, Lat. to open.] 
 That, ■^^ hich has the qtiality of opening ; 
 chiefly used of medicines, gently purga- 
 tive. 
 
 There be bracel Is, fit to comfort the spirits ; 
 and they be of^liree intentions ; refrigerant, cor- 
 loborant, and aperient. liacon. 
 
 Of the stems of plants, some contain a fine ape- 
 rient salt, and are diuretick and saponaceous. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 Aperitive, adj. [from aperio, Lat. to 
 open.] That, which has the quality of 
 openinsT the excrementitious passages of 
 the bodj'. 
 
 They may make brotii, with the addition of 
 aperiti'ie herbs. llarnu. 
 
 Ape'rt. adj. [apertu.1, Lit.] Open. 
 
 Ape'rtion. 71. s. [i\om ape? fits, La.t.] 
 
 1. An opening; a passage through any 
 thing ; a gap. 
 
 The next now in order are the apertions; under 
 which lerm I do couipreheiui doors, windows, 
 stair-cases, chimneys, or other conduits ; hi short, 
 all inlets or outlets. HW/oh. 
 
 2. The act of opening; or state of being 
 opened. 
 
 Tlie plenitude of vessels, otherwise called tlie 
 j^lethora, whcn.it happens, causeth an extravasa- 
 tion of blo,id, eitlier tjj- ruption oro^jertioii of them. 
 
 H'iscniau. 
 
 Apertly. adv. [aperte, Lat.] Openly; 
 
 « itiiout covert 
 Ape'rtnKss. n.s. [from o^rt-/.] Openness. 
 
 N 8.0 
 
 A loss of na- 
 
 QuiTICI/. 
 
 A ridicidous
 
 APR 
 
 The freedom or apei'tuess, and vipour of pro- 
 nouncing, and tlie closeness of ninflflini;, and Uizi- 
 jiess of speaking, render the sound different. 
 
 HoUer. 
 
 A'PERTURE. n. s. [from apertus, open.] 
 
 1. The act ofopenins'- 
 
 Hence ariscth tlie facility of joining a conso- 
 nant to a vowel ; because, from an apjiulse to an 
 aperture is easier, than fioui one appuUe to ano- 
 ther. Hnlder. 
 
 2. An open place. 
 
 If memory be made by the easy motion of tlie 
 spirits tlu-oiigli the o])ened passages, images(with- 
 out doubt) pass througli the same apertures. 
 
 GtanviUe. 
 
 3. The hole next the object glass of a te- 
 lescope or microscope. 
 
 The concave metal bore an apcrtiirr of an inch ; 
 but the aperture was limited by an opaque circle, 
 perforated in the middle. Newtoiis Optics. 
 
 4. Enlargement ; explanation ; a sense 
 seldom found. 
 
 It is too nmch untwisted by the doctors, and, 
 Hike philosophy") made intricate by explications, 
 and ditlicult by the aperture and dissoluti<in of 
 distinctions. Tai^lor. 
 
 Ape'talous. adj. [of a pnn. androe.aAo 
 
 a leaf.] Without petala or flower leaves. 
 
 Ape'talousness. n.s. [from apeialoiis] 
 
 Beins; without leaves. 
 APEX. n. s apices, phu\ [Lat.] The 
 tip or point of any thing. 
 The apex, or lesser end of it, is broken off. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 APH.T:'RESrS. n.s. [aV?=<^'! ] A fi- 
 gure in grammar, that takes away a 
 letter or syllable from the beginning of 
 a word. 
 
 APH ELION. n. s. ap/ielia, plur. [from 
 aVo, and vjAi©- the sun.] That part of 
 the orbit of a planet, in which it is at 
 the point remotest from the sun. 
 
 The reason, why the comets move not in the 
 zodiack, is that, m their aphelia they may be at 
 the greatest distances from one another, and con- 
 sequeutly disturb one another's motions the least 
 that may he. Chei^jie. 
 
 APUE'TA. n.s. [with astrologors.] The 
 name of the planet, which is imagined 
 to be the giver or disposer of life in a 
 nativity. Did 
 
 Aphe'tical. adj. [from ff/j/it'/tf.] Rela 
 ting to the apheta. 
 
 Aphila'nthrophy. n. s. [d without, 
 and (piXav^^u-rr'io. love of mankind.] Want 
 of love to mankind. 
 
 A'PHONY. n. .s. [a without, and (pwvn 
 speech.] A loss of speech. Qiiincy. 
 
 ATIiORISM. n. s. [a'^o^i^Tfio?.] A max- 
 im ; a precept, contracted in a short 
 sentence ; an unconnected position. 
 
 He will easily discern, bo"' little of truth there 
 is in the multitude ; and, though soinctimes they 
 are ilattered with that apl'orUm, will hardly be- 
 lieve the voice of the people to be the voice of 
 (jod. J^rouiis Vul. Errours. 
 
 1 sliall at present consider the aphoris;it, that a 
 man of religion and viitue is a more useful, and 
 consequently a more valuable, member of a com- 
 nnuiity. Ttoger:^. 
 
 Aphop.i'stical. adj. [from aphorism.] 
 In tlie form of an nphovism ; in separate 
 and unconnected sentences. 
 
 Aphori'stically. adv. [from aphoris- 
 
 tiral] In the form of an aphorism. 
 
 , These, being carried down, seldom miss a cure ; 
 
 A P O 
 
 as Hippocrates doth likewajs aphoristicalli) tell 
 
 us. Harveu. 
 
 AvHKODiai' AC Au\ adj. [from 'A(p^ci'i.%, 
 
 Aphuodisi'ack. j Venus.] Relating 
 
 to the venereal disease. 
 A'piARY. n s. [from «/?iX Lat. a bee.] 
 The place where bees are kept. 
 
 Those, wlio are skilled in bees, when they see 
 a forLigu swarm approaching to ]>linider their 
 hives, have a trick to divert them into some neigh- 
 bouring «;jiari/, there to make what havock they 
 please. Sifjf't. 
 
 APICES, of a flower. [Lat. from apex, 
 the top.] Little knobs that grow on the 
 tops of the stamina, in the middle of a 
 flower : they are commonly of a dark 
 l)t\rplish colour. By the microscope they 
 have been discovered to be a sort of cap- 
 suLe seminahs, or seed vessels ; contain- 
 ing in them small globular (and often 
 oval) particles, of various colours, and 
 exquisitely formed. Quincy. 
 
 Api'ece. adv. [from a for each, and piece 
 or share.] To the part or share of each. 
 Men, in whose raoutfis at first sounded nothing 
 but mortification, were come to think tliat they 
 nught lawfully have six oj- seven wives apiece. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 I hare to-night dispatched sixteen businesses, 
 
 a month's length apiece, by an abstract of success. 
 
 Sltakesp. 
 One copy of this paper may serve a dozen of 
 you, which will be less than a larthing apiece- 
 
 Swift. 
 
 A'PLSH. adj. [from ape.] 
 
 1. Having the qualities of an ape; imi- 
 tative. 
 
 Report of fashions in proud Italy ; 
 AVIiose manners still our tardy apish nation 
 Limps after, in base aukward'imitation. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Foppish; affected. 
 
 Because I cannot flatter and look fair, 
 Duck with French nods and apish courtesy ; 
 I must be held a rancorous enemy. Shakespeare. 
 
 3. Silly ; trifling ; insignificant. 
 
 All this is but apish sophistry ; and to give it a 
 name divine and excellent is abusive and unjust. 
 
 Glaneilte. 
 
 4. Wanton; playful. 
 
 Gloomy sits the queen. 
 Till happy chance reverts the cruel scene j 
 Aud apish folly, with her wild resort 
 Of wit and jest, disturbs the solemn court. Prior. 
 A'PLSHLY. Ji.s. [fi-um apish.] In an apish 
 
 manner; foppishly; conceitedly. 
 A'PLSHNESS. n.s. [from apish.] Mimickry; 
 
 foppery ; insignificance ; playfulness. 
 Api'tpat. adv. [a word formed from the 
 motion.] With quick palpitation. 
 
 O, there he comes.— Welcome, my bully, my 
 back ! Agad, my heart has gone apitpat for you. 
 
 Congreve. 
 
 APLU'STRE. n.s. [Lat.] The ancient 
 ensign, carried in sea vessels. 
 
 The one holds a swurd in her baud, to represent 
 the Iliad ; as the other has an nplustre, to repre- 
 sent the Odyssey, or voyage of Ulysses. Addison. 
 APO'CALVPSE. n.s. [from avaKaXivru] 
 Revelation ; discovery : a word, used 
 only of the sncred writings. 
 
 O, for that warning voice, wliich he, who saw 
 
 Til' npoca/tijjse.lieard cry in heav'n aloud. Mitton. 
 
 With diis throne, of the glory of the Father, 
 
 compare the throne of the Son of God, as seen in 
 
 the apoctd ijpse. Burnet's Theorij cj'the Earth. 
 
 Apocalyptical, adj. [from apocalypse.] 
 Concerning revelation ; containing re- 
 velation. 
 
 A P O 
 
 _ If we could understand that scene, at the open- 
 ing of this apocalyptical theatre, we should find it 
 a representation of the majesty of our Saviour. 
 
 Burnct'sTheorii ofthe Earth. 
 
 Apocaly'ptically. adv. [from apoca- 
 lyptical.] In such a manner, as to re- 
 veal something secret. 
 
 APO'COPE. n.s. [aVozoTri.] A figure in 
 grammar, when the last letter or syllable 
 of a word is taken away ; as, ingeni, for 
 ingenii; apoplex, for apoplexy. 
 
 APOCRU'STICK. adj. aVoxfaro'-a, from 
 dtrox^iu to drive away.] Remedies, en- 
 dued with a repelling and astringent 
 power, by which they prevent the too 
 great afllux of humours. Chambers. 
 
 APO'CRYPHA. n. s. [from dmx^vwla to 
 put out of sight.] Books, not publickly 
 communicated ; books, whose authors 
 are not known. It is used for the books, 
 appended to the sacred writings ; which, 
 being of doubtful authors, are less re- 
 garded. 
 
 We hold not the apocrypha for sacred, as we do 
 the holy scripture ; but, for human compositions. 
 
 Booker. 
 
 Apo'cryphal. adj. [from apocrypha.] 
 
 1. Not canonical ; of uncertain authority. 
 Jcroin (who saith that, all writings not cano- 
 nical, are apocryphal) uses not the title apix'rvphat, 
 as the rest of the fathers ordinarily ha^■e done ; 
 whose custom is, so to name (for the most part) 
 only such, as might not pullickly be read or di- 
 vulged. Hooker. 
 
 2. Contained in the apocr3rpha. 
 
 To speak of her in the words of the apocry^'hal 
 writers ; wisdom is glorious, and never fadeth 
 away. Addison. 
 
 3. It is sometimes used, for an account of 
 uncertain credit 
 
 Apo'cryphally. adv. [from apocry- 
 phal.] Uncertainly ; not indisputably. 
 
 Apo'cryphalness. n. s. [from apocry- 
 phal.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness of 
 credit. 
 
 Apodi'ctical. adj. [from dmhi^iq evi- 
 dent truth ; demonstration.] Demon- 
 strative; evident, beyond contradiction. 
 Holding an apodictical knowledge, and an assu- 
 red knowledge of it ; verily, to persuade their ap- 
 prehensions otherwise, were to make an Euclid 
 believe, that there were more than one centre in a 
 circle. Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 ' We can say all, at the number three ; there- 
 * fore the world is perfect.' ' Tobit went, and his 
 ' dog followed him ; therefore there is a world in 
 ' the moon,' were an argument as apodtc/(t'<iZ. 
 
 Glanvitl^. 
 
 APODI'XIS. fi.s. [«Vc.j£.|.?.] Demon- 
 stration. Diet. 
 APOGJE'ON. '\ n. s. [from dm from, 
 A'POGEE. J- and yh the earth.] A 
 APOGEUM.) point in the heavens, in 
 which the sun, or a planet, is at the 
 greatest distance possible from the earth 
 in its whole revolution. The antient 
 astronomers, regarding the earth as the 
 centre of the system, chiefly regarded 
 the apogreon and perigseon ; which the 
 moderns, making the sun the centre, 
 change for the aphelion and perihelion. 
 
 Chambers, 
 
 Thy sin is in his apogtron placed ; 
 And 'when it moveth next, must needs descend. 
 
 Fai:fai. 
 
 oo
 
 A P O 
 
 Apologe'tical. ) ar//. [from aviUyiu 
 
 Apologe'tick. ) to defend.] That, 
 
 whicli is said in defence of any thing or 
 
 person. 
 
 1 design to pul)lish an essay, the greater part of 
 whicli is uiindifr f:ikal, for one 'sort of chyniists. 
 
 Bouk. 
 
 Apologe'tically. adj. [from apologc- 
 tical.] In the way of defence or excuse. 
 
 Apo'logist. n. s. [from Tc npologhe.] 
 He, that makes an apology ; a pleader 
 in favour of another. 
 
 To Apo'logize. n.s. [irom apologij .'] 
 
 1. To plead in favour of any person or 
 
 tiling-. 
 
 It will be much more seasonable, to reform, 
 than apologize or rhetoricate ; and therefore it im- 
 ports those, who dwell secm-c, to look about ihem. 
 DecaiicfPictu. 
 
 2. It has the pai-ticle /or, before the sub- 
 ject of apoloj^y. 
 
 I ought to apotoghe, for my indiscretion in the 
 whole undertaking. WahVs Preparjor Denth. 
 
 The translator liceds not apologize, for his cho.ce 
 of this piece, wliich was made in his childhood. 
 Pope\'i Preface to Statins. 
 
 A'POLOGUE. n.s. [<iVo^o7'&-.] Fable; story 
 contrived to teach some moral truth. 
 
 An apologue of iEsop is beyond a syllogism ; 
 and proverbs more powerful than dem )nstration. 
 Brouii's I'alg. Erroitrs. 
 Some men are remarked for iileasantuess in 
 raillery; others for ojio/oo-iics and aj.posite divert- 
 ing stories. _ Locke. 
 
 APO'I.OGY. n.s. [opo/offiff.Lat dm>.oyia..] 
 
 1. Defence; excuse. y//;o/o^)/ generally 
 signifies, rather excuse, than vindication ; 
 and tends, rather to extenuate the fault, 
 than prove innocence. This is, however, 
 sometimes unregarded by writers. 
 
 In her face excuse 
 Came prologue, and apohgi/ too prompt ; 
 Which, with bland words at will, she thus ad- 
 dress'd. Milton. 
 
 2. It has for, before the obiect of excuse. 
 
 It is not my intention, to make an ajiologiifor my 
 poem ; some will think, it needs no excuse ; and 
 otliers w ill receive none. Drjjden. 
 
 I sl'.all neither trouble the reader nor myself, 
 with any apologti for publishing of these sermons : 
 for, if ihev be (iii any measure) truly serviceable 
 to the end, for which they are designed, I do not 
 see what apology is necessary ; and, if Ihey he 
 not so, I am sure none can be sutficient. Tilloison. 
 
 Apomeco'metry. n.s. [aV^ from, ^iw©. 
 distance, and (x/l^e'w to measure.] The art 
 of measuring things at a distance. Diet. 
 
 :^l'ON EURO SIS n.s. [from aVJ from, 
 and Hv^ct a nerve.] An expansion of a 
 nerve into a membrane. 
 
 When a cyst rises near the orifice of the artery, 
 it is formed by the apffiienrosis that runs over the 
 vessel, which "becomes excessively expanded. 
 
 Sharp's Surgerif. 
 
 APO'P HA SIS. n. s. [Lat. dTritpcta-a a de- 
 nying.] A figure in rhetorick ; by which 
 the orator, speaking ironically, seems to 
 wave, what he would plainly insinuate ; 
 as, J^eilher tvill I mention those things, 
 which if [should, i/ou notwithstanding 
 could neither confute or speak against 
 them. Smith's Rhetorick. 
 
 Apophlegmatick. n. S. [am and 
 (p7iE7/xa.] That, which has the quality of 
 drawing away phlegm. 
 
 ApoPhle'gmatism. n. s. [aVo and 
 
 A P O 
 
 fXt'yfta.] A medicine, of which the inten- 
 tion is, to draw jjlilcgm from tlie blood. 
 
 And so it is in apopliltgaiatisai.'i aiul gargarisnis, 
 th.Tt draw the rheum tlo\vn by the palate. Hacoit. 
 
 Apophleg.ma'tizant. n.s. [aVo and 
 (pXsyij.a.] Any remedy, which causes an 
 evacuation of serous or mucous humour 
 by the nostrils, as particular kinds of 
 sternutatories. Quinci/. 
 
 A'pophtiiegm. n.s. [d'xotpBtyixa.] A re- 
 markable saying ; a valuable maxim, 
 uttered on some sudden occasion. 
 
 We may magnify the apophthegms, or reputed 
 re])lics of wisdom, whereof many are to he seen in 
 Laertius and Lycosthencs. Brawn's Vulg. Err. 
 1 had a mind, to collect and digest such obser- 
 vations and apophthegms, as tend to the proof of 
 that great assertion, ■ All is vanity.' Prior. 
 
 APiyPHYGE. n. s. [am(pvy'i, flight or 
 escape.] Is, in arciiitecture, that pa; t 
 of a column, where it begins to spring 
 out of its base ; and was originally no 
 more, thaii the ring or ferrel, which an- 
 cientl)' bound the extremities of wooden 
 pillars, to keep them from splitting, and 
 were afterwards imitated in stone work. 
 We sometimes call it the spring of the 
 column. Chambers. 
 
 APOPHYSIS, n.s. [d-7ri(pvai<;.] The 
 prominent parts of some bones ; the 
 same as process. It differs fron) an epi- 
 physis, as it is a continuance of the bone 
 itself; whereas the latter is somewhat 
 adhering to a lione, and of which it is not 
 properly a part QuincT/. 
 
 li is lhe<i))i);)'i.vsis(or bead)of the os tibiw, which 
 makes the knee'. Wiseman's Surgerp. 
 
 Apofle'ctical. adj. [from apoplexy.^ 
 Relating to an apoplex)'. 
 
 We meet with llie same complaints of gravity 
 in living bodies, when the faculty locomotive seems 
 abolished ; as may be observed in supporting per- 
 sons inebriated, ajxyicflica.', or in lipothymles and 
 swoonings. Brou-ifs Valgar Errours. 
 
 In an apoplectical case, he found extravasated 
 blood, making way from the ventricles of the 
 brain. Derham. 
 
 Apople'ctick. adj. [from apnplexj/.] 
 Relating to an apoplexy. 
 
 A lady was seized with an apoplectick fit, which 
 afterwards teiiraiiiated in some kind of lethargy. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 A'popLEX. U.S. [See Apoplexy.] Apo- 
 plexy. The last syllable is cut away ; 
 but this is only in poetry. 
 
 Present punishment pursues his maw ; 
 When, surfeited and swell'd, the peacock raw 
 He bears into the bath ; whence want of breath, 
 Repletions, apoplei, intestate death. Drpden. 
 
 A'poplexed. adj. [from apoplex.] Seiz- 
 ed with apoplexy. 
 
 Sei'.se (sure) you liave. 
 Else could you not liave motion : but (sure) that 
 
 sense 
 Is apoplc.red. Shakespeare. 
 
 A'POPLEXY. n. g. [aVoVAr|>?.] A sud- 
 den deprivation of ail internal and ex- 
 ternal sensation, and of all motion, un- 
 less of the heart and thorax. The cause 
 is generally a repletion ; and indicates 
 evacuation, joiued with stimuli. Quincj/. 
 
 Apopleltl is .-. sudden abolition of all the senses, 
 external and internal, and of all volinitary motion, 
 by the stoppage of the flux and retlux of the ani- 
 mal spirits tlirough the nerves, destined for those 
 raotious. Avbuthnol on Diet. 
 
 A P O 
 
 Peace is a very apojilcjnf ; Ictliargy, mulled, 
 deaf, sleepy, insciiBiblc. Slwkcsp. Corii'lanui. 
 
 A fever may take away my rcas'-n or menior}', 
 atifl an apnpkxy leave neither sense nor under- 
 standing. h> lie. 
 
 APORIA. n.s. [aVo^ia.] Is a figure in 
 rhetorick ; l)y whicli the speaker shews, 
 that lie doubts, where to begin for the 
 multitude of matter; or what to say, in 
 some strange and ambiguous thing; and 
 doth, as it were, argue the case with 
 himself. Tlius Cicero says, Whether he 
 took them from his fellviv.i more impu- 
 dently, gave them to a harlot more las- 
 civiously, removed thtmj'rom the Roman 
 people more iriekedly, or altered thtm 
 more presumptuously, I cannot will de- 
 clare. Smith's Rhetorick. 
 
 APORRHO'EA. n. s. [dmfjim.] Efflu- 
 vium ; emanation; something emitted 
 by another : not in use. 
 
 The reason of this be endeavours to make-out, 
 by atomical apnrrhajus ; which, passing from the 
 ci-uentate weapon to the woinid, alliJ being incoi- 
 poraied with the particles of the salve, ca.ry them 
 to thealTecled part. OlaneiUe's Scepsis. 
 
 APOSlOP'ESfS. n..v. [d7ro::il-i:r,o-tt;,frqm 
 am after, and o^i^waw to be silent.], A 
 form of speech, by which tlie speaker, 
 through some affection (as sorrow, bash- 
 fulness, fe:.r, anger) or veheniency, 
 breaks off his speech before it be all 
 ended. A figure, when, speaking of a 
 thing, we yet seem to conceal it, though 
 indeed we aggravate it ; or when the 
 course of the sentence begun is so stayed, 
 as thereby some part of the sentence, 
 not being uttered, may be understoml. 
 .^milh's Rhetorick. 
 
 Apo'.STASY. n.s. [dm^aa-i;.] Departure 
 from what a man has professed : it is 
 generally applied to religion ; sometimes 
 with the particle from. 
 
 The canon law deliue; apostasy to be a wilful de- 
 parture f.'um th.t stt.le of faith, which anv person 
 has professed himself to hold in ihe Christiaa 
 church. Apliffe's Pareigon. 
 
 The affable archangel had forewarn'd 
 Adaiu, by due example, to beware 
 Apostasu ; by wliat befel in lieav'n. 
 
 To tl: 
 
 lose apostates. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Vice in us were not only wickedness, but ajtos- 
 tastj, degenerate wickerliiess. Sprat. 
 
 Whoever do give diti'erent worsliips, must tiring 
 in more gotis ; which is an apostasujrom one God. 
 
 .'btiUiii'^fiect. 
 APO'STATE, n. s. [apo.tlatn, Lat. aVor- 
 ar.);.] One, that has forsaken his pro- 
 fession ; generally applied to one, that 
 has left his religion. 
 
 The atiiiols, for disobedience, Ihou hast reserved 
 to a miserable immortality ; but, mi o man, equal- 
 ly reliellious. equally n;iiBtalp/TOm thee and giod- 
 ricss, thou liast given a .Saviour. Roger's Sermtyns. 
 
 Avostales in point of faith are, according to tlic 
 civil law, subject unto Ul punishments ordained 
 against hereiticks. Aylift'e. 
 
 Aposta'tical. adj. [from apostate.'\ Af- 
 ter the manner of an apostate. 
 
 To wear lurbants, is an apostatical conformity. 
 
 Sandys, 
 
 To Apostatize, f. n. [from apostate.] 
 To forsake one's piofession : it is com- 
 monly used of one who departs from 
 his religion. 
 
 91
 
 A P O 
 
 None revolt from the faith, hecause they must 
 not look upon a woman to lust al'lor her ; but, be- 
 cause they arc restrained, froui tiie perpetration 
 of their lusts. If wanton glances ami hbidnious 
 tliom-hts had bei-n permitted by the gospel, the,v 
 woulft have upostatized nevertlieless. Bentleii_ 
 
 To Apo'stemate. v.n. [i'romaposteme.] 
 To become an aposteme ; to swell and 
 corrupt into matter. 
 
 There is care to be taken in abscesses of the 
 breast and belly, in danger of breaking inwards ; 
 yet, by opening these too soon, they sometnnes 
 aimtemale again, and become crude. ]Visenmn. 
 
 Aposte'mation. n.s. [from apostematt.] 
 The formation of an aposteme ; the ga- 
 thering of a hollow purulent tumour. 
 
 Nothing can be more admirable, than the many 
 ways nature hath provided for preventing or cu- 
 ring of fevers ; as, vomitings, apastemations, saliva- 
 tions, &c. , ^ ^'■'''"■ 
 
 A'POSTEME. ^?i .?. [aworn/ita.] A hollow 
 
 A'POSTUME. f swelling, filled with puru- 
 lent matter ; an abscess. 
 
 With equal propriety we may affirm, that ul- 
 cers of the luui;s, or ajmstcmes of the brain, do 
 happen only in the left side. Brnum's Vutg. En: 
 
 The opeiiing of apostemes, before the suppura- 
 tion be perfected, weakeneth the heat, and renders 
 them crude. Wiseman. 
 
 APOSTLE. n. s. [apostolus, Lat. 
 awos-oM®- ] A person, sent with mandates 
 by another. It is particularly applied to 
 them, whom our Saviour deputed to 
 preach the gospel. 
 
 But all his mind is bent to holiness ; 
 His champiuiis are the prophets and apostles. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I am far from pretending infallibility ; that 
 would be, to erect myself into an apiKtle ; a pre- 
 sumption in any one.'that cannot confirm what he 
 says iiy miracles. . i"C'cf. 
 
 We know but a small part of the notion ot an 
 anostle, by knowing barely that he is sent forth. 
 ■^ ]\'ullssL<igiclc. 
 
 Apo'stleship. n.s. [{romaposile.] The 
 office or dignity of an apostle. 
 
 Where, because faith is in too low degree, 
 I thought it some apostleship in me. 
 To speak things, which by faith alone I see. 
 
 ' Vonne. 
 
 God hath ordered it, that St. Paul hath writ 
 epistles ■, which are all confined within the busi- 
 ness of his apostleship, and so contain nothing but 
 points of Christian instruction. Livhe. 
 
 Aposto'lical. adj. [from apostolkk.] 
 Delivered or taught by the apostles ; 
 belonging to the apostles. 
 
 They acknowledge not, that the church keeps 
 any tliing as apostolical, which is not found in the 
 apostle's writings, in what other records soever it 
 be found. , Hooker. 
 
 Declare yourself for that church, which is 
 founded upon scriptme, reason, apostolical \jrac- 
 tice, and antiquity. Hooker. 
 
 Aposto'lically. adv. [from aposioli 
 cal.'] In the manner of the apostles. 
 
 Aposto'licalne.ss. n. s. [fioni aposto- 
 lical.'] The quality of relating to the 
 apostles ; apostolical authority. 
 
 Aposto'lick. adj. [from apostle. The 
 accent is placed' by Dryden on the anti- 
 penult.] Taught by the apostles ; be- 
 longing to an apostle. 
 
 Their oppositions, in maintenance of publick 
 superstiti(ui against apostolick endeavours, were 
 vam and frivolous. . Hooker. 
 
 Or wliere did I at sure tradition strike, 
 Provided still it were'aposlo/iffc ? Oructni. 
 
 APO'STRUPHE. n.s. [aVorecipi, from 
 
 aTTo from, and rf^p" to turn.] 
 I. In rhetorick ; a diversion of speech to 
 
 A P O 
 
 another person, than the speech apponit- 
 ed did intend or require ; or, it is a 
 turning of the speech, from one person 
 to another, many times abruptly. A fi- 
 gure, when we break off the course of 
 our speech, and speak to some new per- 
 son, present or absent; as, to the people 
 or witnesses, when it was before direct- 
 ed to the judges or opponent. 
 
 Smith's Rhetorick. 
 2. In grammar ; the contraction of a word, 
 by the use of a comma ; as, tho', for 
 though ; rep', for reputation. 
 
 Many laudable attempts have been inade, by 
 ahbrevfating words with apostrophes ; and by lop- 
 ping polysyllables, leaving one or two syllabU>s^at 
 most. „ 
 
 To Apo'strophize. r.n. [from apos- 
 trophe.] To address by an apostrophe. 
 
 There is a peculiarity in Homer's maimer of 
 apostrophidng Euma;us, and speaking of l.im in 
 the second person: it is generally applied onl" 
 to men of account. £,"''; 
 
 A'POSTUME. n. s. See Aposteme. [Ihis 
 word is properly aposteme.] A hollow 
 tumour, filled with purulent matter. 
 
 How an apostniiie in the mesentery, breaking, 
 causes a consumption in the parts is apparent. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 To A'POSTUME. v.n. \?rom apostume.] 
 
 To apostemate. Diet. 
 
 Apo'thecary. n.s. \apotheca,\jit. a 
 
 repository.] A man, whose employment 
 
 is to keep medicines for sale. 
 Give mc an ounce of civet, good apothecarii, to 
 
 sweeten my imagination. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 They have no other doctor, but the sun and the 
 
 fresh air ; and that, sucli an one, as never sends 
 
 them to the apothecary. . , , , *'""" 
 
 VVand'ring in the dark, 
 
 Physicians, for the tree, have found tlie bark ; 
 
 They, lab'ring for relief of human kind, 
 
 Wit'h sharpen d sight some remedies may find ; 
 
 Tir apothecary-iia.\n is wholly blind. Vryden. 
 
 Apothegm, n.s. [propeYly apophthegm; 
 which see.] A remarkalile saying. 
 
 By frequent conversing with him, and scatter- 
 ing Short apothegms and little pleasant stories, and 
 miking useful applications of them, his son was 
 in his infancy taught, to abhor vanity and vice 
 as monsters. Walton s DJeoJ Sanderson. 
 
 Apothe'osis. 71. s. [a7ro9-Wi;.] Deifica- 
 tion ; the rite of adding any one to the 
 number of gods. 
 
 As if it could be graved and painted omnipo- 
 tent, or the nails and" the hammer could give it 
 an apotheosis. . *"""'• 
 
 Allots the prince of his celestial line, 
 An apotheosis, and rites divine. Garth. 
 
 Apo'tome. n.s. [from aVoT///,w,tocutoff.] 
 
 1 . In mathematicks, the remainder or dif- 
 ference of two incommensurable quanti- 
 ties. 
 
 2. In musick, it is the part remainiiig of 
 an entire tone, after a greater semitone 
 has been taken from it. The proportion 
 (in numbers) of the apotonie, is that of 
 2048to2187. The Greeks thought that, 
 the greater tone could not be divided 
 into two equal parts; for which reason, 
 they called the first part a.mrofA.-n, and 
 die other A^™- Chambers. 
 
 A'pozEM. n. s. [avo from, {e'w to boil.] A 
 decoction; an infusion, made by boiling 
 ingredients. 
 
 A P P 
 
 During this evacuation, he took opening broths 
 and apozems. Wisemati's Surgery. 
 
 And Squirts read Garth till apozems grovi cold. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 To APPA'L. II. a. [appalir, Fr. It might 
 more properly have been written ap' 
 pale.] To fright; to strike with sudden 
 fear ; to depress ; to discourage. 
 
 Wliilst she spake, her great words did appal 
 I\Iy feeble courage, and niy heart oppress,^ 
 'I'hat yet I quake and tremble over all. Fairy Q. 
 
 Give with lliy trumpet a loud note to Troy, 
 
 Thou dreadful 'Aj"'' '■ ''">' "'' "W""'^'' ^'f 
 May pierce the head of thy great coiubatant. 
 
 Shake.'ipeare. 
 
 The house of peers was somewhat appalled, at 
 
 this alarum ; but took time to consider of it, till 
 
 next d.ry. Clarendon. 
 
 Does neither rage inflame, nor fear appal. 
 Nor the black fear of death, that saddens allJPope. 
 
 The monster curls 
 His flaming crest, all other thirst appalVd ; 
 Or shiv'riiig flies, or choak'd at distance stands. 
 
 Tlionison. 
 
 Appa'lement. n.s. \irom appal.] De- 
 pression; discouragement; impression 
 
 of fear. 
 
 As the furious slaughter of them was a great 
 discouragement and appalement to the rest. 
 
 Bacon's HenruWi. 
 
 A'ppanage. n.s. [appanagium, k>\v 'La- 
 tin ; prob.ibly from /)««('«, bread.] Lands 
 set apart by princes for the maintenance 
 of their younger children. 
 
 He became suitor for the earldom of Chester, a 
 kind of appanage to Wales, and using to go to tlie 
 king's son. ^acm. 
 
 Had he thought it fit. 
 That wealth should be the ajjpanage of wit ; 
 The God of light could ne'er have been so blind. 
 To deal it to the worst of human kind. Swift. 
 
 Appara'tus. n.s. [Latin.] "Things pro- 
 vided, as means to any certain end ; as, 
 the tools of a trade, the furniture of a 
 house, ammunition for war ; epuipage ; 
 
 show. 
 
 There is an apparatus of things previous to be 
 adjusted, before I come to the calculation itself. 
 
 Ti oodward. 
 
 Ourselves are easily provided for; it is nothinf;, 
 but tlie circumstantials (the apparatus or equi- 
 ua^e) of human life, that costs so much. 
 ^ " ' Pope's letters to Gay. 
 
 APPA'RRL. n.s. It has no plural, [ap- 
 pnreil, Fr.] 
 
 1. Dress; vesture. 
 I cannot cog and say, that lliou art this and 
 
 that, like manV of those li.spir.g hawthorn buds, 
 that coiue like women in men's apparel, and smcU 
 like Bucklersbury in simpling time. 
 
 ShaKcspeare's Meiry Wives oj tt mdsor. 
 
 2. External habiliments. 
 Our late burnt London, in apparel new. 
 
 Shook oft' her ashes, to have treated you. Waller. 
 
 At public devotion, his resigned carriage made 
 
 reliirion appear in the natural op^arei of simphcily. 
 
 ° ' ' Tatla-. 
 
 To Appa'rel. v. a. [from apparel, the 
 noun.] 
 
 1. To dress; to clothe. 
 
 With such robes were the king's daughters, that 
 were virgins, apparelled. 2 Sam. xiu. 18. 
 
 Both combatants were apparelled only ni their 
 doublets and hose. Hayward. 
 
 2. To adorn with dress. 
 She did n;iiinre( her ajiparcl : and, with the pre- 
 
 ciousness ol her body, made it most Bumpluous. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 3 To cover, or deck, as with dress. 
 
 You may have trees apparelled with flowers, by 
 boring holes in them, and putting into them eaitli, 
 and sitting seeds of violets. . /<«•"''• 
 
 Shelves, and rocks, and precipices, and guns.
 
 A P P 
 
 being opparclled witli a verdure of plants, would 
 resemble mountains and vallcj s. Batttefi s i<rm. 
 4. To fit out ; to furnish : not in use. 
 
 It huth been agreed, that either of them should 
 send ships to sea, well manned and amxinlled to 
 (iglit. *"■■'■ ''"V"-'"'''- 
 
 Appa'rent. adj- [apparait, l"r. "ppa- 
 
 ruis, Lat.] 
 1 Plain ; indubitable; not doubtful. 
 
 The main principles of reason are in therascl cs 
 
 apvaratt. For, to make notliing evident of .tse f 
 
 uiito man's understanding, were to lake a«ay all 
 
 possibility of knowing any tlnng. HMker. 
 
 a Seeming ; in appearance ; not real. 
 
 The ncrreption intellective often corrects t'le 
 
 report of phantasy; as, in the „n,wre„t bigness 
 
 of tlie sun, in the apparent crookednessof the start 
 
 ia air and water. H„le s Origin of Manhnd. 
 
 S. Visible ; in opposition to secret. 
 
 What secret imaginations we entertained, is 
 known to Uod : this is apparent, that we have nut 
 behaved ourselves, as it we preserved a gratelul 
 remembrance of his mercies. . Atterburu. 
 
 The outward .ind apparent sancUty of actions 
 should flow from puritv of heart. Rogers. 
 
 4. Open; evident; known; not merely 
 6uspected. 
 
 As well the fear of harm, as harm apparent, 
 m my opituon ought to be prevented^ ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 5. Certain; not presumptive. 
 
 He is the next of blood. 
 And heir aimart iit to the English crown. 
 
 .Sftufifs;). Henry Vl. 
 
 Appa'rent. n. s. EUiptically used for 
 
 heir apparent. 
 
 Draw ihy sword in right. 
 
 —I'll draw it, as auparent to the crown ;^ 
 
 And in that quarrel use it. Shahesp. benru\ 1 
 
 Appa'rently. [from apparent.] Evi 
 dently ; openly. 
 
 Arrest him, officer; 
 I would not spare my brother in this case, 
 If he should scorn me so apparentli/. 
 
 Shakesp. Comedy of Krrours. 
 
 Mces opparcntfi/ tend to the impairing of men's 
 
 health. Tillotmi. 
 
 Appari'tion. U.S. [from appareo, Lat. 
 
 to appear.] 
 1. Appearance; visibility. 
 
 When suddenly stood at my head a dream. 
 Whose inward apparition gently mov'd 
 Mv fancy. Milton. 
 
 ily re'tirement tempted me to divert those nic- 
 lancfioly tlioughts, which the new apparitions of 
 foreign invasion and domestic discontent gave us. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 e. The thing appearing ; a form ; a visi- 
 ble object. 
 
 I have raark'd 
 A thousand blushing uiiparitions 
 To start into her face ; a tliousand innocent shames 
 In ansel whiteness bear away those blushes. Shuk. 
 
 A glorious apparition had (no doubt) 
 And carnal fear, that day, dimm'd Adam's eyes. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Any thing besides may take from me the sense, 
 
 of what appeared ; whicli apparition, it seems, was 
 
 you. Tullcr. 
 
 3. A spectre ; a walking spirit. 
 
 Horatio says, 'tis but our phantasy, 
 Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us : 
 Therefore 1 have iiitreated him. 
 That, if again this apparition come. 
 He may approve our eyes, and speak to it. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Tender minds should not receive early impres- 
 sions of goblins, spectres, and apparitions, where- 
 with maids fright them into compliance. Locke. 
 
 One of those apparitions had his right hand 
 filled with darts ; which he brandished in the face 
 of all who came up that way. Tatler. 
 
 4. Something only apparent ; not real. 
 
 Still there's something. 
 That checks my joys ■.■^— 
 
 A P P 
 
 —Nor can I yet distinguish, 
 Which is an np, aril'uin, this or that. Den. Sophy. 
 5. Astronomically, the visibility of some 
 luminarj' ; opposed to occultatiim. 
 
 A month of apparition is the space, wherein the 
 moon appeareth ; deducting three days, wherem 
 it commonly disappearcth : and this containeth 
 but twenty-six days and twelve hours. 
 
 Browns Valg. Errotrrs. 
 
 Appa'ritor. n. s. [from apparco, Lat. 
 to be at hand.] 
 
 1. Such persons as are at hand, to execute 
 the pro))er orders of the magistrate or 
 jiidjre of any court of judicature. Ai/liffe. 
 
 2. The lowest officer of the ecclesiastical 
 
 court; a summoner. 
 
 'Ihev swallowed all the Roman hierarchy, from 
 the pope to the apparitor. Aylifte's I'arergon. 
 
 To Appay. v.a. [appayer, old Fr. to sa- 
 tisfy.] , ,, 
 
 1. To s,".tisfy ; to content ; whence icell 
 appayed, is pleased; ill appayed, is 
 uneasy. It is now obsolete. 
 
 How'ncU appaid she was, her bird to find ! 
 
 "^^ Sidney. 
 
 I am well appaid, that you had rather believe, 
 
 tlian take the pain of a loiig pilgrima"e. Lamrfeii 
 
 So only can high justice rest appaid. Milton. 
 
 2. The sense is obscure, in these lines : 
 Av, Willy, when the heart is ill assay 'd. 
 
 How can baepipe or joints be well appaiii ? Spenser. 
 
 To APPEACH. V. a. 
 
 1. To accuse ; to infoi-m against anj-person. 
 
 He did, amongst many others, oppcac/i Sir Mil- 
 liamStanley, the lord chamberlain. Bac.Hen.\ LI. 
 
 Were he twenty times 
 My son, I would appeach him. Shakesp. Rich. 11. 
 
 Disclose 
 The state of your affection; for your passions 
 Have to the full appeached. . Shakesp. 
 
 2. To censure; to reproach; to tamtwith 
 
 accusation. 
 
 For, when Cymoeles saw the foul reproach. 
 Which them ap'peached ; prick'd with guilty shame 
 
 And inward grief, he hercely gen approach, 
 Resolv'd to put away that lordly shame. tairyU. 
 
 Nor canst, nor durst thou, traitor, on thy pain, 
 Appeach my honour, or tliine own maintain. Unjd. 
 Appe'achment. n. s. [from appeach.] 
 Charge, exhibited against any man ; ac- 
 cusation. 
 
 A busy-headed man gave first light to this ap- 
 peacbmetlt ; but the earl did avouch it. Hayu'ard. 
 
 The duke's answers to his appeachments, in num- 
 ber thirteen, I find civilly couched. II otton. 
 To APPEAL, v.n. [appello, La-t.] 
 
 1. To transfer a cause from one to ano- 
 ther ; with the particles to and from. 
 
 From the ordinary therefore they appeal (o lliem- 
 s-lves. ^ ^""'•■"•• 
 
 2. To refer to another, as judge. 
 Force, or a declared siizn of force, upon the per- 
 son of another, where tliere is no common supe- 
 rior on earth to appeal to for relief, is the stale of 
 war ; and it is the want of such an appeal gives a 
 man the right of war, even against an aggressor, 
 thouoh he be in societv.and a fellow subject. Loche. 
 
 Thl-y knew no foe,"bnt in the open field ; 
 And to their cause, and to the gods appeal'd. 
 
 Stepney. 
 
 3. To call another, as witness. 
 
 Whether tliis, that the soul always thinks, be 
 a self-evident proposition, I appeal to mankind. 
 
 4. To charge -with a crime; to accuse: a 
 term of law. 
 
 One but flatters us. 
 As well appeareth by the cause you come ; 
 Namely, t' appeaZ each other of high treason. 
 
 ■' '^^ Shakespeare. 
 
 Appe'al. n.s. [from the \evh To appeal,] 
 
 A P P 
 
 1. An appeal is a provocation, /rom an in- 
 ferior to a sujjerior judge ; whereby the 
 jurisdiction of the inferior judge is for a 
 while suspended, in resjject of the 
 cause; the cognizance being devolved 
 to the superior judge. Aylifft'sParerg. 
 
 This ring 
 Deliver them ; and your appeal to us. 
 There make before Them. Shakesp. Henry \ III. 
 
 Our reason prompts us to a future state. 
 The last appeal from fortune and from fate, 
 ^\■llere God's alt-rii;hteous ways will be declar'd. 
 
 Drxiden. 
 There are distributors of justice, from whom 
 there lies an appeal to the prince. Addixn. 
 
 9 In the common law. 
 
 An accusation ; which is a lawful declaration of 
 
 another roan's crime before a c- mneteiit judge, by 
 one that sets his name to the ileclaration, and un- 
 dertakes to proYe it, upon the |)enaltv that may 
 ensue of the contrary : more commonly used for 
 the private accnsatio'n of a murderer, by a party 
 who had interest in the party murdered ; and of 
 any felon, by one of liis accomplices in the fact. 
 
 Coicetl. 
 The duke's unjust. 
 Thus to retort your manifest apfieat. 
 And put your trial in the villain's mouth. 
 Which here you come to accuse. Shakesp. 
 
 Ilast thou', according to tby oath and bond. 
 Brought hither Henry Hereford, thy bold son ; 
 Here to make gooil the boist'rous late appeal, • 
 Against the duke of Norfolk ? Shaki^ 
 
 3. A summons, to answer a charge. 
 Nor shall the sacred character of king 
 
 Be urg'd. to shield me from thy bold appeal : 
 
 If I have iiijur'd Uiee, that makes us equal. Dryd. 
 
 4. .\ call upon any as witness. 
 The casting up of the eyes and lifting up of 
 
 the hands is a kind of appeal to the Deity, the 
 auihor of wonders. Bacon. 
 
 Appe'alant. n. s. [from appeal.] He 
 
 that appeals. 
 
 Lords appealants, 
 
 \o\xr ditTerences shall all rest under gage, 
 
 Till we assitn you to your days of trial. Shakesp. 
 Appe'aler. n. s. [from appeal.] One, 
 
 who makes an appeal. 
 7'o APPEAR, v.n. [oppareo, Lat] 
 
 1. To be in sight ; to be visible. 
 As the leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh. 
 
 Lett, xiii.43. 
 And half her knee and half her breast oppfor. 
 By art, like negligence, disclo»'d and bare. Prior. 
 
 2. To become vi.sible, as a spirit. 
 For I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, 
 
 to make tliee a minister and a w itness. 
 
 Acts, xx\i. Id. 
 
 3. To stand in the presence of another; 
 generally used of standing before some 
 superiour ; to offer liimself to the judg- 
 ment of a tribunal.' 
 
 When shall I come and appear before God ? 
 
 Psalm xlu. 3. 
 
 4. To be the object of observation. 
 
 Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy 
 glory unto their ciiildren. Psalm %c. 10. 
 
 5. To exhibit one's self, before a court of 
 
 justice. 
 
 Keep comfort to yon ; and this morning see. 
 You do ap]<car before them. Shakesp. Hen. VIH. 
 
 6. To be made clear by evidence. 
 E-frid did utterly waste and subdue it, as ap- 
 pears out of Beda's" comiilaint acainst hira ; and 
 EiK'ai broui;ht it under his obedience, as opneorj 
 by an aiitieni record. Spenser's Ireland. 
 
 7. To seem ; in opposition to reality. 
 His first and principal care being, to appear un- 
 to his people such as he would have tliem be ; 
 and to be such as he appeared. Sidney. 
 
 Wy noble master will appear 
 Such as be is ; full of regard and honour. S/wtep. 
 
 2/''
 
 A P P 
 
 8. To be plain, beyond dispute. 
 
 Frum exjxrinients, useful indications may be 
 taken ; as will appear, by what fulluws. Arbiiihnot. 
 
 Appearance. 71. s, [i\'om To appvar.] 
 
 1. The act of coming into sight ; as, they 
 were surprised by the sudden appear- 
 aiict of the enemy. 
 
 2. 'I'he thing seen ; as the remarkable ap- 
 pearancis in the sky. 
 
 S. A phoenonienon; that quality of any 
 thing, -which is visible. 
 
 The advancing da3* of experimental knowledge 
 discioseth such appearances, as will not lie even in 
 any model extent. GlanvilLe's Scepsis. 
 
 4. Semblance; not reality. 
 He encreased m estimation, w-hcther by desti- 
 ny, or whether by his vhrtucs, or at least by his 
 
 . appearances of virtues. Haxfward. 
 
 Heroic virtue did his actions guide ; 
 And he the substance, not th' appearatice, cliose. 
 
 Drtjdtn. 
 
 The hypocrite would not put on the appearance 
 
 of virtue, if it was not the most proper means to 
 
 gain love. Addison. 
 
 5. Outside show. 
 
 Under a fair and beautiful appearance, there 
 should ever be the real substance of good. Rogers. 
 
 6. Entry into a place or company. 
 Do the same justice to one another, which will 
 
 be done us hereafter by those, who shall make 
 their appearance in the world, when this genera- 
 tion is no more. Addison. 
 
 7. Apparition ; supernatural visibility. 
 
 I think a person, terrified with the imaginatinu 
 of spectres, more reasona le than one, who tliinks 
 the appearance of spirits fabulous. Addison. 
 
 8. Exhibition of the person to a court. 
 
 I will not tarry ; no, nor ever more 
 Upon this business my appearance make, 
 In any of their courts. inhakesp. Henry Vlll. 
 
 0. Open circumstance of a case. 
 
 Or grant her passion be sincere, 
 Kow shall his innocence be clear? 
 Appearances were all so strong, 
 Tlie world must think him in the wrong. Swift. 
 
 10. Presence; mien. 
 Health, wealth, victor?, and honour, arc intro- 
 duced ; wisdom enters tlie last, and so captivates 
 witii her appearance, that he gives himself up to 
 her. Addiso7i. 
 
 11. Probability; seeming; likelihood. 
 There is that, which liath no appearance, that 
 
 tliis priest, bcini^ utterly unacquainted with the 
 true person, according to whuse pattern he should 
 shape his counterfeit, should think it possible for 
 him to instruct his player. Bacon 
 
 Appe'arer. 71, s. [irom To appear.] The 
 person, that appeal's. 
 
 That owls and ravens are cMiinous appearcrs, 
 and presignify unlucky events, was an augurial 
 conception. l^vonn. 
 
 Appea'sable. adj. [from To apptase.'\ 
 That may be pacified; reconcileable. 
 
 Appe'aseableness. n.s. [from To ap- 
 jKQSt,'] The qiialit)', of being easily ap- 
 peased ; reconcileablencss. 
 
 To APPE'ASE. V. a. [appaiser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To quiet; to put in a state of peace. 
 By his council he appeawlh the deep, and plant- 
 
 elh islands therein, i'cc/es.xliii. '2o. 
 
 England had no leisure, to think of reforma- 
 tion ; till the civil wars were appeased, and peace 
 settled. Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 2. To pacify; to reconcile; to still wrath. 
 
 So Simon was appeased towards them, and 
 fought no more against them. i Mac. xiii. 47. 
 
 OGod! if my deep prayers cannot appease 
 thee, yet execute thy wratli on me alone. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. HI. 
 
 The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warn'd 
 Their sinful state, and to appease betimes 
 Th' incensed Deity. MUton. 
 
 A P P 
 
 3. To still ; to quiet. 
 
 T!ie rest 
 Tliey cut, In legs and lillets for the feast ; 
 Wliich drawn and serv'd, their hunger they ap- 
 pease. Drydtn. 
 
 Appe'asement. n. s [fi-om To appease.] 
 A state of peace. 
 
 Ueing neither in numbers nor in courage great, 
 partly by authuritv, partly by entreaty, tliey were 
 reduced to some good aj'peasemcnts. Huijward. 
 
 Appe'aser. n. s. [from To appease.] He, 
 that pacifies others ; he, that quiets dis- 
 turbances. 
 
 Appe'llant. n.s. [(?;?;;e//o, Lat. to call.] 
 1. A challent^er ; one, that summons ano- 
 ther to answer, either m the lists or in 
 the court of justice. 
 
 In the devotion of a subject's love, 
 And free from ollier'misbogotten hate. 
 Come I appelltiut to this princely presence. Skak. 
 
 Tliis is the day, appointed for the combat ; 
 And ready are th' appellant and defendant, 
 Th' armourer and his man, to enter the lists. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant^ 
 Though by his blindness maim'd fur hi'gli atleni|its. 
 Who now defies thee thrice to single itj:t. Milton. 
 
 2. One, tliat appeals, from a lower to a 
 higher power. 
 
 Ad appeal transfers the cosnizance of the cause, 
 to the superior judge ; sj that, pending the ap- 
 J>eal, nothing caii be attempted in prrpidice of 
 the appellant. Aylijjc's I'arer^on. 
 
 Appe'llate. n s. [appillalns, Lat.] 
 The person appealed against. 
 
 An appcllatory libel ought to contain the name 
 of the party appellant ; the nanie of him, from 
 whose sentenceit isappealed ; the name of him, 
 to whom it is Hpjiealed ; from what sentence it is 
 appealed ; the day of the sentence pronounced, 
 and appeal interposed ; and the name of the par 
 ty appellate, or person against whom the appeal 
 is lodged. Aylife's Parn-mm 
 
 Appella'tion. n. s. [appdlatio, Lat.] 
 Name ; word, by wliicii any thing is 
 called, 
 
 Nor aie always the same plants delivered un- 
 der the same naiue and apetlation. 
 
 Broun s Vulgar Eirotirs. 
 
 Good and evil commonly operate upon the mind 
 
 of man, by respective names or appellations, by 
 
 which they are notified and conieyed to the 
 
 mind. South. 
 
 Appe'llative. n. s. [appeUjlmim, Lat.] 
 
 Words and names arc either common or pri'jier. 
 Common names are such, as stand for universal 
 ideas, or a w hole rank of beings, whether general 
 or special; these are called appellatives: so, tish, 
 bird, man, city, river, are counnon nauies; and 
 so are trout, eel, lobster ; for they all agree to 
 
 A P P 
 
 ^. To add to something, as an accessory, 
 
 not a principal part. 
 Appendage, n.s. [French.] Something 
 added to another thing, without bein"' 
 necessary to its essence; as, a portico, 
 to the house. 
 
 Modesty is the appendage of sobriety ; and is to 
 chastity, to temperance, and to humili'v, as the 
 fringes are to a garment. 
 
 Taylor's Huh of liringhnly. 
 ISone of the laws of motion (now 'es(ablished) 
 will serve, to aecountfor the producticm, motion, 
 or number of bodies, nor their appendages ; though 
 they may help us a little, to conceive their ap- 
 ])earances. Chfyne. 
 
 lie was so far, from o\-er-valuing any of tiie 
 appendages of life, that the thoughts CC life did not 
 allect him. Allerbury. 
 
 Appe'ndant. adj. [French.] 
 
 1. Hanging to something else. 
 
 2. Belonging to ; annexed ; concomitant. 
 
 He that deSjiises the world and all itdj)/>*'n£/ane 
 vanities is the nuist secure. Taulor. 
 
 He that lonks for the blessings ajypendant to tlie 
 sacrament, must expect them upon no terms, but 
 ot a worthy colnmunlou. Taylor. 
 
 Riches, multiiilied beyond the proportion ox 
 our cliaracter, and the wants appendant to it, natu- 
 rally dispose men to forget God. Roners. 
 
 3. Inlaw. ^ 
 Appendant is any thing, belongins to another; 
 
 as uceessuri.iin princlpali, with the civilians ; or ad~ 
 jU7tciunisuh!ecto, with the logicians. An hospital 
 may be appendant to a manour; a common of 
 fishing, apj'cndant to a freehold. Couelt. 
 
 Appe'ndant n. s. That, which belongs 
 to another thing, as an accidental or ad- 
 
 many individuals, and some to many species. 
 
 U'atts's Lt>gicli 
 
 Appe'llativei.y. aclr. [from apptlln- 
 tiue.] According to the manner of nouns 
 appellative; as, l/iis man is a Hercules. 
 Hercules is u.~ed appellatireli/, to signi- 
 fy a strona; man. 
 
 .\ppe'llatory. adj. [I'rom appeal.] 
 That, which contains an appeal. See 
 Appellate. 
 
 Appe'llee. n.s. \itom appeal] One, 
 ■who is appealed against, and accused. 
 
 To APPEND. V. a. . [appendo, Lat. to 
 hang to any thing.] 
 
 1. To hang any thing, upon anotJier ; as, 
 'the inscription was appended to the 
 ' column ; the seal is appended to tlie 
 ' record.' 
 
 ventitious part. 
 
 Pliny gives an account of the inventors of the 
 forms and appendants of shipping. 
 
 Hattys Origin of Mankind. 
 
 A word, a look, a tread, will striiie, as thev are 
 
 appendants to external symmetry, or indications 
 
 of the beauty of the mind. Grew. 
 
 To Appe'ndicate. v. a. [appendo, Lat.] 
 To add to another thing. 
 
 In a palace, there is the case or fabrick of the 
 structure, and there are certain additaments ; as, 
 various furniture, and curious motions of divers 
 things appendxated to it. Huie. 
 
 Appendica'tion. n. s. [from uppendi- 
 catc.] Adjimct; appendage; annexion. 
 
 There are considerable parts ajid integrals, and 
 appcndicntioiis unto the mundus aspectabllis,impo^ 
 sible to be eternal, Euk. 
 
 Appe'ndix. 71. s. [a;)/)fnrf/f es, plur. Lat.] 
 1. Something appended, or added, to ano- 
 ther thing. 
 
 The cherubim were never intended, as an ob- 
 ject of worship ; because they were only the ap- 
 pendices to another thing. But a thing is then 
 proposed, as an object of worship ; when it is set- 
 up by itself, and not by way of addition or oru:>. 
 ment to another thing. * StilUugJieet. 
 
 jS'ormandy became an appendix to Enghuid, the 
 nobler dominion ; and received a greater confor- 
 mity of their laws, to the English, Than they gave 
 to it. Bale's Cit'il Law of Ei.gUiiul. 
 
 2 An adjunct or concomitant. 
 
 All c^.ncurri-nt a/ipcndices of tlie action ought 
 to be surveyed, in order to pronounce with truth 
 C))ncer;iiMg it. II atts. 
 
 Tt/ APPERTAIN, v.n [appertenir, Fr,] 
 i. To belong to, as of rio;ht; with to. 
 
 Tiie honour of devising this doctrine, that rtli- 
 eion ought to be enforced hy the sword, would 
 be found appertaining to Alahuiucd, the false pro- 
 phet. Rakigk, 
 
 The Father, (' whom (in heav'n supreme) 
 Kiut;dom, and power, ai:d glor3' appertainj 
 HatR honour'd me according to lih w'lW. Par. Lost, 
 
 2. To belong to, by nature or appointment. 
 
 If the soul of man did serve, oiil y to give him 
 
 94
 
 A P P 
 
 heing in this life ; tlicn tilings a;ipf rtamiii' to lliis 
 life would content liiiu, as we see they an other 
 creatines. . , , Hooker. 
 
 Anil tliey roasted the passover with fire, as af- 
 pertalneth ; as fur the sacrifices, they sod them ni 
 irass nots. 1 t^\<"- 
 
 Both of them seem not to generate any other 
 effect, hut such as a;i;ifrtaiiiet(i to Iheir proper ob- 
 jects and senses. Uacoa. 
 
 It is expected, 1 should know no secrets 
 That <i/.;ifrtiji!i to vou. Sliakcsi>. Jnlhis Cicsar. 
 
 Apperta'inMENT. n. s. [from npper- 
 ta^i.] That, which belongs to any rank 
 ca- ih'gnity. 
 
 He s'ent o'ur messengers ; and we lay by 
 Our appeitninmenlx, visiting of him. Shakesp. 
 
 Appe'ktkn.vnce. n.s. [from appurte- 
 nance, Fr.] lliat, which belongs or re- 
 lates to another thins- 
 
 Can ihev, wliicli behold the controversy of di- 
 vinity, condemn our enquiries in the doubtful u;)- 
 perteiwBCCSof arts.aiid rocentaries of ohilcsophy ? 
 Brown $ Vulvar Errours. 
 Appe'rtinent. adj. [from 'lb apper- 
 tain.] Belonging; relating. 
 
 You know, how apt our love « as to accord, 
 
 To furnish him with all oyipcilinents, 
 
 .B. longing to his honour. Shukcsp. Henri; \ . 
 
 (VppETENCE. j^ n.s. [apprtentia, Lat.] 
 
 A'PPETENCY. i Carnal desire; sensual 
 
 desire. 
 
 Bred oidv and completed, to the taste 
 Of lustful oppetemx ; to sing, to dance. 
 To dress, to troule tlie tongue, and roll the eyes. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Appetibi'lity. n.s. [from appedble.] 
 The quality of being desirable. 
 
 That elicitation, which the schools mtend, is a 
 
 deducing of the power of the will into act, mertly 
 
 from the tippetibititu of the object : as a man draws 
 
 a cluld after him, with the sight of a green bough. 
 
 Ertiinhultug'ibist llohbes. 
 
 A'PPETIBLE. adj. [appctibilis, Lat.] De- 
 ■ sirable ; that, which may be the object 
 of appetite. 
 
 Power, both to slight the most appetible objects 
 and to controul the most unruly passions. 
 
 Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 
 APPETITE. U.S. [appetitus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The natural desire of good; the in- 
 stinct, by which we are led to seek plea- 
 sure. 
 
 The will, properly and strictly taken, as it is (of 
 things, which are referred unto the end, that man 
 desireth) dirtcreth greatly from that inferiour na- 
 tural desire, which we c'all appetite. The object 
 of appetite is, whatsoever sensible good mav he 
 wished for; the object of will is that good, which 
 rea'^on docs leail us to seek. Hooker. 
 
 2, The desire of sensual pleasure. 
 
 Why she would hang on him. 
 As if increase oi appetite had grown 
 By what he fed on. Shakesp. Hamkt. 
 
 Urge his h.iteful luxury. 
 And bestial appetite in change of lust. 
 
 Shaliespeare^s Riehard III. 
 Each tree, 
 Loaden with fairest fruit, that hung to th' eye 
 Tempting, stirr'd in me sudden appetite 
 To pluck and eat. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 S. ^■iolent longing ; eagerness after any 
 thing. 
 
 No man could enjoy his life, his wife, or goods ; 
 
 if a mightier man had'an appetite, to take tlie same 
 
 from hira. Dalies. 
 
 Hopton had an extraordinary appetite^ to engage 
 
 AValler in a battle. Clarendm. 
 
 4. The thing eagerly desired. 
 
 Power being the natural appetite of princes, a 
 limited monarch cauuot gratify it. Sieifi. 
 
 5. Keenness of stomach ; "hunger ; desire 
 of food. 
 
 A P P 
 
 There be four principal causes of appcl'le ; the 
 refrigeration of the stomach, joined with some 
 dryness ; contraction, vcllicalion,and abstersion ; 
 besides hunger, which is an emptiness. 
 
 Bacon. i Natural Historp. 
 There is c<mtinual abundance ; w bicb creat<-s 
 such an nOTirtile in your reader; that he is not 
 cloyed witli any thing, but satisiied with all. 
 
 Vrpden. 
 
 6. It has sometimes of, before the object 
 
 of desire. 
 
 The new ofBcer's nature needed some restraint 
 to his immoderate apitctite </ power. Clurendon. 
 
 7. Sometimes to. 
 We have generally such an appetite to praise, 
 
 that we greedily suet it in. Oorernm. of'ihe Tang. 
 
 Appeti'tion. n.s. [appetitio, Lat.] De- 
 sire. 
 
 Tlie actual appetitlim or fastening our affections, 
 on him. Hammond's Practical Catechu:n. 
 
 We lind in animals an estimative or judicial fa- 
 culty, ana/i/icfid'oKoraversation. Judge Hale. 
 
 .\PPET1T1VE. adj. [from uppelite-l That, 
 which desires ; that, which has the qua- 
 lity of desiring. 
 
 The will is not a bare appetitive power, as that 
 
 of the sensual appetite ; but is a rational appetite. 
 
 Hale's Origin ofilaiikind. 
 
 I find in myself an ayipettfiif faculty always in 
 
 exercise, in the very heat of activity and invigo- 
 
 ration. Karris. 
 
 To APPLA'UD. V. a. [applaiido, Lat.] 
 
 1. To praise, by clapping the hand. 
 I would applaud (bee to the very eclio, 
 
 Tliat slunihi applaud again. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. To pniise in general. 
 
 Nations unborn your mighty names shall sound. 
 And Worlds applaud, that nius"l not yet be found. 
 
 Pi^ie. 
 
 Appla'udek. 71. s. [from applaud.^ He, 
 that praises or commends. 
 
 I had the voice of my single reason against it, 
 
 drowned ill the noise of a multitude of ap^ilauders. 
 
 Clanville sSceps'is. 
 
 Appla'use. n.s. [applausus, Lcit-I -Ap- 
 probation, loudly expressed ; praise : 
 properly a clap. 
 
 Tbis general appta7ue, and chearful shout. 
 Argues your wisdom and j'our love to Richard. 
 
 Sliakespeare. 
 Sylla wept. 
 And chid her barking waves into attention ; 
 And fell Charj'bdis murmur'd soft applause. 
 
 Milton. 
 Those that are so fond of applause, how little do 
 they taste it, when they have it ! South. 
 
 See their wide-streaming wounds ! They uei- 
 thtr came. 
 For pride of empire, nor desire of fame. 
 Kings figiit for kingdoms, madmen for applause ; 
 Butlove for love alone, that crowns the lover's 
 cause. VrudensFabUs. 
 
 ATPLE. n. s. [aeppel, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The fruit of the apple-tree. 
 
 Tali thriving trees confess'd the fruitful mold ; 
 Tlie redd'niiig"af;'/t' ripens here to gold. Pope'sOd. 
 
 2. The pupil of the ej'e. 
 
 He instructed him ; he kept him, as the oppJe 
 of his eye. Deut. xxsii. 10. 
 
 A'pple, of Lore. 
 
 Apples oj Lore are of three sorts ; the most com- 
 mon having long trailing branches, with rough 
 leaves and yellow joints, succeeded by apples, as 
 they are called, at the joints ; not round, but 
 bunched ; of a pale orange shining pulp, and 
 seeds w ithin. ilfiirtiiiici- s Hushaudnj ■ 
 
 A'pple-gka'ft. n.s. [(rom apple ami 
 graft.] A twig of apple-tree, grafted 
 upon the stock of another tree. 
 
 \^'e have seen three and twenty- sorts of avple- 
 grafts, upon the same old plant; most of tliei 
 
 A P P 
 
 Apple-Tar't. n.s. [from apple and 
 tart.] A tart, made of apples 
 What, up and down carved like an apple-tart ! 
 
 Snakespeare. 
 
 A'PPLE-TREE. n.«. [from apple and tree.] 
 
 The fruit of this tree is (for the most iiart; hol- 
 lowed about the footstalk; the cells, inclosing the 
 seed, arc separated by cartilaginous partitions : 
 the juice of ihe fruit is'sourish, tlie tree large and 
 spreading ; the flowers consist of five leaves, ei- 
 I aiidiii^ III form of a rose. There is a great va- 
 riety oi ihese fruits: those for the dessert are, 
 the while juniting, Margaret apple, summer pear- 
 main, summer queening, embroidered apple, 
 golden reinette, summcr'white Colville, summer 
 red Colville, silver pippin, aroiuatick pippin, the 
 grey rcin.'-tte, la haiite-bont^, ro^-al nisseiint;, 
 Wheeler's russet, Sharii's russet, spice apple, gol- 
 den pippin, nonpareil, and Tapi : those for the 
 kitchen Use are, codling, summer marigold, sum- 
 mer red pearniain, Holfand pippin, Kentish pip- 
 pin, the iiauging body. Loan's pearmain, French 
 reinette, French pippni, royal russi-t, inonstruous 
 reinette, winter pearmain, pomme violette, Siien- 
 ce/'spipiiin, stoiie'sj)i[)pin, oakenjiin: and tno-e 
 generally used for Cyder are, Devonshire rovh! 
 wilding," redstreaked apple, the wbitsour, Here- 
 fordshire underleaf, John apple, ice. Miller. 
 Oaks and beeches last longer than apples aii.l 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 adorned with fruit. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 pears. 
 
 Thus apple-trees, whose trunks arc strong to bear 
 Their spreading boughs, exert theinselvesln air. 
 
 Drifd' n. 
 A'ppLE- WOMAN. 71. s. [{rom app/e ami 
 zconiun.] A woman, that sells apples, 
 thnt keeps fruit on a stall. 
 
 Yonder are two apple-u-omen scolding, and just 
 ready to uiicoif one aiiolher. Arbuthnotand Pope. 
 
 .\ppli'able. adj. [from apply.] That, 
 which may be applied. For this wor<l, 
 the moderns use applicable ; which see. 
 
 Limitations all such principles have, in regard 
 of the varieties of the matter, whereunto thc\ are 
 appliahle. Hi*''*:tr. 
 
 All, that! have said of the heathen idolatry, is 
 avpliable to the idolatry of anotlier sort of men in 
 the world. i uth. 
 
 Appli'ance. 7!.*. [from ap pi I/.] The 
 act of applying : the thing applied. 
 
 Diseases, desp'rate grown. 
 By desperate appliance are relieved. Sltahesp 
 
 Are you cliafd ? 
 Ask Go<l for temperance ; 'tis the (q^pUanee only, 
 ^^'hich vour desire requires. SAa.t fsT>. 
 
 Applicabi'lity. n. s. [from applicable.] 
 The quality of being fit to be applied 
 to something. 
 
 The action of cold is composed of two parts ; 
 the one pressing, the other penetration, which re- 
 quire applicability. Dfgby. 
 
 A'ppmcable. adj. [from apply.] That, 
 which may be applied, as properlv re- 
 lating to something. 
 
 What he savs of the portrait of any particular 
 person, is applicable to poetry. In the chanicter, 
 there is a better or a worse likeness ; the belter is 
 a panegyrick, and the worse a libel. Dryden 
 
 It were happy for us, if this complaint were ap- 
 plicahl: only to the heathen world. Risers. 
 
 A'PPI.ICABLENES.s. n. s. [from applica- 
 ble] ritiiess to be applied. 
 
 The knowledge of salts may possibly, by that 
 little part whicli we have already delivered of its 
 cppticableness, be of use in natural philosophy. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 A'PPLICABLY. adv. [from applicable.] 
 In such a manner, as that it may be pro- 
 perly applied. 
 
 A'PPLICATE. n.s. [from apply.] Aright 
 line drawn across a curve, so as to bisec-t 
 the diameter thereof. Chambers. 
 
 Apphca'tion. n.s. [from apply.] 
 
 95
 
 A P P 
 
 1. The act of applying any thing to ano- 
 ther ; as, ' he mitigated liis pain by the 
 ' application of emollients.' 
 
 2. The thing applied ; as, ' he invented a 
 ' new applUdtioTi, by which blood 
 ' might be staunched.' 
 
 3. The act of applying to any person, as 
 a solicitor or petitioner. 
 
 It should seem very extraordinary, tlmt a pn- 
 teiil, slioul(i he passed, u|>oii the upplication ttf ^ 
 poor, private, ohscure nieciianick. Sicijl. 
 
 4. Tlie employment of means for a certain 
 end. 
 
 There is no stint, whicli can be set to the value 
 or merit of the sacrificed body of Christ: itliatli 
 no measured certainty of limits ; bounds of ethca- 
 cy nnto life, it knoweth none ; but is also itself 
 infinite, in possibility of ap}>licatkm. HonkLi-. 
 
 K a riyht course be taken with children, there 
 ■will not be much need of the appriccitlon of tlie 
 common rewards .ind punishments. inc/cf 
 
 5. Intenseness of thought; close study. 
 
 T liave discovered no otlicr way, to keep our 
 thoughts close to their business ; but, by frequent 
 attention and application, getting the habit oH at- 
 'tention and application. Locke. 
 
 6. .'\ttention to some particular affair ; 
 with the particle to. 
 
 His continued application to such puhlick affairs, 
 as may benefit iiis kingdoms, diverts him from 
 pleasures. Addison. 
 
 This crime certainly' deserves the utmost apjdi- 
 cation and wisdom of a people, to prevent it. Addi. 
 
 7. Reference to some case or position ; as, 
 • the story was told, and the hearers 
 ' made the application.' 
 
 This principle acts with the greatest force in 
 the worst application ; and the familiarity of wick- 
 ed men more successfully debauches, than tliat 
 of good men reforms. Ro<^ers. 
 
 A'PPLICATIVE. arf/. Ifromapplt/.] That, 
 ■which applies. 
 
 The directive command, for counsel, is in the 
 understanding, and the appUcatii-e command, for 
 putting in execution, is in the will. 
 
 BfamhaU. against Hobbes. 
 
 Appli'catory. adj. [from apply.] 
 That, which comprehends the act of ap- 
 plication. 
 
 A'ppLiCATORY. n. s. That, which ap- 
 plies. 
 
 There are but two ways of applying the death 
 of Christ ; faith is the inward applicatorif ; and, if 
 tliere be any outward, it must be the sacra- 
 ments. Taulors Wortby Communicant. 
 
 To APPLY'. V. a. [applico, Lat.] 
 
 1. To put one thing to another. 
 
 He said, and to the sword his throat applied. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 2. To lay medicaments upon a -wound. 
 
 Applij some speedy cure, prevent our fate ; 
 And succour nature,' ere it he too late. Addison. 
 
 God has addressed every passion of our nature. 
 applied remedies to every weakness, warned us of 
 
 every enemy. 
 
 Rofrcrs. 
 
 3. To make use of, sis relative or suitable 
 to something. 
 
 This brought the death of your father into re- 
 membrance : and I repeated the verses which I 
 formerly applied to him. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 4. To put to a certain use. 
 
 The profits thereof might be applied, towards 
 the support of the year. Clarendon. 
 
 6, To use, as means to an end. 
 
 These clorious beings are instruments in the 
 hands of trod ; who aitplies their services, and go- 
 verns tlieir actions, and disposes even their wills 
 and afl'ections. Rogers. 
 
 A P P 
 
 6. To fix the mind upon ; to study : with 
 to. Locke uses about^ less properly. 
 
 A]yply thine ht-arl unto instruction, and thine 
 e.irs to tlie woids of knowledge. Prov. xxiii. 12. 
 
 Every man is cntiscious to himself, that he 
 thinks ; and that, which his mind is applied about, 
 whilst thinking, is the ideas that are tliere Loclce. 
 
 It is a sign of a capacious mind, when the mind 
 can apply itself (<> several objects with a swift suc- 
 cession. Watts. 
 
 7. To have recourse to, as a solicitor or 
 petitioner ; with to: as I applied my- 
 self to him for help. 
 
 8. To address to. 
 
 God at last 
 To Satan (first in sin) his doom apply d ; 
 Tho' in mysterious terms, judg'd as then best. 
 
 Milton. 
 Sacred vows and mystic song opply^d. 
 To grisly Pluto and hjs gloomy bride. Pope. 
 
 9. To busy ; to keep at work : an anti- 
 quated sense ; for which we now use pli/. 
 
 She was skilful in applying his humours ; never 
 sutlering fear to fall to despair, nor hope to huston 
 lo assurance. Sidneu- 
 
 10. To act upon; to ply. 
 
 A variet running toward.^ hastily) 
 Whose trying feet so fast their way apply d, 
 'J'hat round ahout a cloud of dust did tiy.Fairj/Q. 
 
 To Apply'. i\n. 
 
 \ . To suit ; to agree. 
 
 Would it apply well to the vehcmency of your 
 alfection, that 1 should win, what you would enjoy f 
 
 Shakcapeare. 
 
 2. To have recourse to, as a pt^itioner. 
 
 I had no thoughts o^ applying to any, but him- 
 self; he desired, 1 wonld sponk tu oihers. Sicift. 
 
 3. To attach, by way of influence. 
 
 God knows every faculty and passiuu ; and, in 
 what manner, they can be most succcssfidly op- 
 plied to. Rogers. 
 
 To Appo'int. r a. [appomfe7\ Fr.] 
 
 1. To fix any thing, us to settle the exact 
 time for some transaction. 
 
 The time oppointcd of tlie father. Galat.iv. 2. 
 
 2. To settle any thing by compact. 
 
 He said. Appoint me thy wages, and I will pay 
 it. Genesis. 
 
 Now there was an appointed sign, between the 
 men of Israel and the Iiers in wait. Judges -\x.38. 
 
 3. To establish any thing by decree. 
 
 It was before the Lord, which chose me before 
 thy father, and before all his hcuise, to appoint me 
 ruler over the people of the Lord. 2 Sum. v'l. 21. 
 
 Unto him thou gavest commandment, which 
 he transgressed ; and iunnediatel^'thoua/j/Jo/iifff/f.v/ 
 death in him, and in his uenerations. 2 Es. iii. 7. 
 
 O Lord, that art the God of the just, thou hast 
 not appointed reprntance to the just. Manussch'sPr. 
 
 4. To furnish in all points ; to equip ; to 
 supply with all things necessary ; used 
 anticntly in speaking of soldiers. 
 
 The English being well appointed, did so enter- 
 tain them, that their ships departed terribly torn. 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 Appo'inter. w. 5. [from appoint.] He, 
 
 that settles or fixes any thing or place. 
 Appo'intment. n.s. [appoi/dementVv.] 
 
 1. Stipulation ; the act, of fixing some- 
 thing, in which two or more are con- 
 cerned. 
 
 They had made an appointment together, to 
 come to mourn with him, and to comfort him. 
 
 Job ii. 11. 
 
 2. Decree ; establishment. 
 
 The ways of death be only in his hands, who- 
 alone hath power over ail flesh, and unto whose 
 appointment we ought with patience meekly to 
 submit ourselves. Hooker. 
 
 3. Direction; order. 
 
 A P P 
 
 That good fellow, 
 If I commantl him, follows my appointment ; 
 I will have none so near else. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Equipment; furniture. 
 
 They liave put forlh the haven: further on 
 Where ther appointment we may best discover. 
 Anrl look on their endeavour. Shahesp. 
 
 Here art thou in appointment fresh and fair, 
 Anticipating time with starting courage. Shakesp, 
 
 5. An allowance paitl to any man : cora- 
 monly used, of allowances to public 
 officers. 
 
 To Appo'rtion. v. a. [from por/io, Lat.] 
 To set out in just proportions. 
 
 Try the parts of the body, which of them issue 
 speedily, andwhich slowly'; and, by apportioning 
 the time, take and leave that quality, whicli you 
 desire. _ Bacon. 
 
 To these it were good, that some proper prayci 
 .were apportioned , and they taught it. Smith. 
 
 An oiHee cannot he apportioned out like a corrv- 
 mon, and shared among distinct proprietors. CoU, 
 
 Appo'rtionment. v. s. [from appor- 
 tion.^ A dividing of a rent, into two 
 parts or portions ; according as the land, 
 whence it issues, is divided among two 
 or more proprietors. Chambirs. 
 
 To Appo'se. v. a [appono. L.at.] 
 I. To put questions to. This word is not 
 now iu use ; except that, in some schools, 
 to put gramm;itical fjuestions to a boy, 
 is called to poi/e liim ; and we now use 
 po.^e, for puzzle. 
 
 Some procure themselves to he surprised, at 
 such times ; as it is like llie party, that they work 
 upon, will come upon tiiem : and to be found with 
 a letter in their hand, or doing somewhat which 
 they are not accustomed ; to the end they may 
 be apposed of those things, which of themselves 
 they are desirous to utter. Bacon. 
 
 2. A latinism. To apply to. 
 
 By malign putrid vapours, the nutriment is ren- 
 dered unapt of being appostd to the parts./faryfy. 
 
 A'pposiTE. adj. [appositus, Lat.] Pro- 
 per; fit ; well adapted to time, place, or 
 circumstances. 
 
 The duke's delivery of his mind was not so 
 sharp, as solid and grave, and apposite to the times 
 and occasions. Wottem. 
 
 Neither was Perkin '(for h'S part) wanting to 
 himself, cither in gracious and princely beluLviour, 
 or in ready and apposite answers. Bacon. 
 
 liemarkable instances of this kind have been: 
 but it will administer rellections very anposite to 
 the design of this present solemnity. Atterbnry. 
 
 A'pposiTELY. adv. [from apposite.'] Pro- 
 perly ; fitly ; suitably. 
 
 We may appositely compare this disease, of a 
 proper and improper consumption, to a decaying 
 house. ■ Harvey. 
 
 Wiien we come into a government, and see this 
 place of honour allotted to a murderer ; another, 
 filled with an atheist or a blasphemer ; may we 
 not appositely and properly ask, ' Whetlier there 
 ' be any virtue, sobriety, or religion, amongst such 
 ■ a peo'ple ?' South. 
 
 A'pposiTENESS. n.s. [from apposite] 
 Fitness ; propriety ; suitableness. 
 
 Judgment is either concerning things to be 
 known, or of things done, of their congruity, fit- 
 ness, rightness, appositeness. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Apposi'tion. n. .^. [appositio, Lat.] 
 1. The addition of new matter, so as that 
 it may touch the first mass. 
 
 Orine, inspected with a microscope, will disco- 
 ver a black sand ; wherever this sand sticks, it 
 Erows still bigger, by the appositionvf nevi matter. 
 " <=o J ArbuthmtmDict. 
 
 06
 
 A P P 
 
 2. In grammar, the putting of two nouns 
 ill the same case ; as. Liber Susanna ma- 
 t7-is, the book of his mother Susan. 
 
 yo APPIIA'ISE. V. a. [appreciir, Fr.j 
 To set a price upon any thing, in order 
 to sale. 
 
 Appra'iser. n. s. [from appraise.] A 
 person appointed to set a price upon 
 things to lie sold. 
 
 To APl^lU-UK'ND. V. a. [apprehendo, 
 ' Lat.] To take hold of. 
 
 1. To lay hold on. 
 
 There is iiolliiiig but hatli a douljlo Irandle, or 
 at least we have l"u hands to apprehend it. 7'ui//. 
 
 2. To seize in order for trial or piuiishment. 
 
 The governor liept the city with a garrison, de- 
 sirous to apprehend nie. ^ t-'"''- -^i- •'-■ 
 
 It was the rabble, of wliicli nobody was named ; 
 and, wliic.h is more strange, not one apprehended. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 3. To conceive by the mind. 
 
 TliC good »(hieh is gotten by doing, causetll not 
 action ; unless, apprehending it as good, we lil^e 
 aiid desire it. Hooker. 
 
 Vet tliis I apprehend not, wliy to those 
 Anioiig wlioiu God will deign to dwell on eartli, 
 yo niauv and so various laws are given. Milton. 
 
 The first Being is invisible and incorruptible, 
 and can oidy be upprehended by our minds. Stilt. 
 
 4. To thinU on with terrmir; to fear. 
 From my grandfather's death I had reason to 
 
 apprehend the stone ; and, from my fatlier's life, 
 the gout. Temple. 
 
 Appkehe'nder. n.s. [Cram apprehend.] 
 Cfinceiver; thinker. 
 
 Gross apptehenders may not think it any more 
 strange, than that a bullet should be moved by 
 the rarificd lire. Clanvillc. 
 
 Appueue'nsible. adj. [from appre- 
 hend.] Tliat, which mny be appre- 
 hended, or conceived. 
 
 The north and southern poles are incommuni- 
 cable and fixed points, whereof the one is iioUip- 
 prekensihU in the other. Brown's Vulga.' Errours. 
 
 Apprehension, n.s. [appreheiisiu, Lai.] 
 
 1. The mere contemplation of things, 
 without affirming or denying any thing 
 concerning them. So we think of a 
 horse, high, swift, animal, time, malter, 
 mind, death, Sfc. Watts 
 
 Sinijile apjnrhens<on denotes no more than the 
 soul's naked intellection of an object, without 
 either composition or deduction. GlanriUe. 
 
 2. Opinion; sentiments; concession. 
 
 If we aim at right understanding its true na- 
 ture, ^ve must examine wliat apprehension mankind 
 make of it. Vighy. 
 
 To be false, and to be thought false, is all one 
 in res|ject of Tuen who act not according to truth, 
 but apprehension. Smth. 
 
 The expressions of scripture are comiuonly 
 suited in those matters to the vidgar apprehenaious 
 and conceptions of the place and people where 
 they were delivered. Locke. 
 
 5. 'I'he fatuity, by which we conceive 
 new ideas, or power of conceiving them. 
 
 ^ 1 nam'd them as they pass'd, and understood 
 Their nature, with such knowledge God indu'd 
 IVly sudden apprehension. Milton. 
 
 4. I'ear. 
 
 It behovetb that the world should be hold in 
 awe not by a vain surmise, but a true ojr^trehen- 
 smi of somewhat, which no man may thnik him- 
 self al)l(- to withstand. Hooker. 
 
 And he the future evil shall no less 
 lu apprehension, than in substance, feel. Milton. 
 'Ihe apprehension of what was to come from an 
 unknown, at least unacknowledged successour to 
 the crown, clouded luucli of thai pros, erity. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A P P 
 
 As they liave no ap]irthens'<m of ihesp thina"** 
 so they need no comfort at;;uiist thorn. Tilhtion, 
 
 Al'lc-r the dcatli ul" his nephew C.)nrtjL;ui:i, (J m- 
 diub was in no small ajiprehtiuion fur Ins own h v. 
 
 Atld'vion. 
 
 5. Suspicion of f-oniething to happen, or 
 be clone, 
 
 I'll note you in my book of memory. 
 And scourge you for this a]}j)rehcnxion. Slaksp. 
 
 That he miulit. Uike away the ui-prthcnswii, tlial 
 he meant suddenly to depart, he sent out order.s, 
 which he was sure would come into the enemies 
 handb, to two or three villages, that they hhould 
 send proportions of corn into 13asiughouse. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 6. Seizure. 
 
 See tliat he be convey'd unto the Tower: 
 And go we, brothers to the man that took hini, 
 To (juestion of his oppreliensiun. Shakespeare. 
 
 7. The power of seizing, catching, or 
 holdini;. 
 
 A lobster hath the cheelyorgreat clawof one 
 side longer than the other, "but this is not their 
 leg, but a part of apprehension whereby they seize 
 upon their prey. Broun s Vulgar l.rnmr.K. 
 
 Apprehe'nsive. adj. Itwin appnhend.] 
 
 1. Quick to understand. 
 
 And gives encouragement to those who teach 
 such appreheiuHve scholars. Holdir. 
 
 If conscience be naturally apprehensive and 
 sagacious, certainly we should trust and rely u|n*n 
 the reports of it. ' Smitl:. 
 
 2. Fearful. 
 
 The inhabitants of this country, when T passed 
 through it, were extremely «^/ire/te)tsiye of !^ecin^ 
 Lombardy the seat of war. Addison. 
 
 Tiiey are not at all apprehensive of evils at a dis- 
 tance, nor tormented with the fearful prospect of 
 wiiat may beful them hereafter. TUUHsoh. 
 
 3. Perceptive feeling. 
 
 Thoughts, my tormentors, arm'd with deadls 
 slings, ' 
 IMangle my aftprehensive tenderest parts. Milton. 
 Apprehe'nsively. adv, [from appre- 
 hensive.] In an apprehensive manner. 
 Apprehe'nsiveness, 71. s. [from fip- 
 prchtrtsive.] The quality of being ap- 
 prehensive. 
 
 Whereas the vowels arc umch more diiricult to 
 be taught, you will iind, h\ falling upon them 
 last, great "lielp by the apprehcnsiveness abt-Hdy 
 gained in learning the consonants. Holder. 
 
 APPRE'NTICli. n. s. [apprenfi, Fr] 
 One, that is bound by covenant to serve 
 another man of trade, for a certain lerin 
 of years, upon condition that the arti- 
 ficer or tradesman shall, in the mean- 
 time, endea\ our to instruct him in his 
 art or mystery. Coweil 
 
 Love enjoined snch diligence, that no appren- 
 tice, no, no bond slave, could ever be more ready 
 than that yoinig princess was. Sidneo. 
 
 He found him such an apprentice, as knew well 
 enough how to set up for himself. Wotton. 
 
 This rule sets the painter at liberty ; it leaches 
 him. that be ought not to be subject* himself ser- 
 vilely , and be bound like an apprentice to the rules 
 of h'ts art. Drijdens DuJ'resnou. 
 
 7'o Appke'ntice. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To put out to a master as an apprentice. 
 
 Ilim portion'd maids, «;»/'r(7itie'ti orphans blest. 
 The young who labour, and tlve old who rest. 
 
 Pope. 
 .\ppRE'NTirEHOOD. ». s. [from appren- 
 tice.] The years of an apprentice's 
 servitude. 
 
 Must 1 not serve a long apprenticehood 
 To foreign passages, and in the end, 
 Having my freeirom, boast of nufhiog else 
 But that! was ajourney man to grief? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 A P P 
 
 Apprenticeship, n.s. [ttora appreTi- 
 tice.] I'he years, which an apprentice 
 is to pass under a master. 
 
 In every art, the simplest that is, there is an 
 apprentice.'ihip necessary, before it can be expected 
 one should woik. Digby. 
 
 Many rushed into the ministry, as being liie 
 only calling thai they could profess, without stnr- 
 iiig any apprenticeship. Houth. 
 
 7'w Apprize, v. a. [a p prendre ; part. 
 oppris, I'r.] To inform; to give the 
 knowledge oFany thing. 
 
 He considers the tendei.cy of sue': a vi Mie or 
 vice ; he is well apprized, that the rcprejcntation 
 of some of these tilings may convince the under- 
 standing, and sorae mav terrify the conscience. 
 
 Il'oftt. 
 
 It is fit he be appnned of a few things, that may 
 prevent bis mistaking. Chcyne. 
 
 But if apprized of the severe attack. 
 The country be shut np, lur'd by the scent. 
 On church-yard drear (inhuninu to relate) 
 The disaj)jiointed prowlers fall. Thamstm. 
 
 7o APPKO'.ACH. n.s. [apprccher, Fr.] 
 
 1. To draw near locally. 
 
 'Tis time to look about : the povrers of Oie 
 
 kiniidom aj'proach a|tace. Shahesp. 
 
 A^'e sujjpose Ulysses approaching towards Poly- 
 
 plieme. Bruume. 
 
 2. To draw near, as time. 
 
 Hark ! I hear tlie sound of coaches. 
 The hour of attack approaches. Gay. 
 
 3. Tt) make a progress towards, in the 
 fifinral ive sense, as mentally. 
 
 He shall approach unto me : for » ho is this that 
 en«.iged his heart to appruack unto nie ? 
 
 Jer. xxs. 21. 
 To have knowledoe in all the objects of con- 
 templation, is what the mind can hardly attain 
 unto; the instances are few of those who have. 
 in any measure, approached towarils it. Locke. 
 i. To come near, by natural ;.ffinit\, or 
 resemblance ; as, the cat approacliet to 
 the tiger. 
 To .\ppho'ach. 1'. a. 
 
 1 . To biinjT near to. This sense is rather 
 French than Enolish. 
 
 This tiiey will nimbly perform, if objected to 
 the exlrenies : but slowly, and no at all, \( ap- 
 proached unto their roots.' Broun s Vnl^. I'.rronrs. 
 
 By plunsing paper thoroughly in weak spirit 
 of wine, and H^jjroac/iir/^' it to a candle, the spi- 
 rituous parts will burn, without harming the 
 ]ia|)er. Boyle. 
 
 Approached, and looking uuderneath the sun. 
 He sa« proud .-Vrcite. Dryden. 
 
 2. To come near to. 
 
 He was an admirable poet, and thought even 
 to have approached Homer. Temple. 
 
 .\ppro'ach. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. 'i he act of drawing near. 
 
 If I could bid the seventh welcome with so 
 good a heart as I can bid the other live fareweU, 
 I should be glad of his apprOiich. 
 
 ahaktsp. Merch. of Venice. 
 *Tis with our sonls 
 As with our eyes, that after a long darkness 
 Are dazzled at ih' apprtmch ol sudden light. 
 
 Dtnham. 
 
 2. .Access. 
 
 Honour hath in it the vantage grotind to do 
 good ; the approach 1o kings and principal per- 
 sons ; and tlie raising of a liiau's own fortunes. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 3. Hostile advance. 
 
 For Knglandhisii/innweftes makes as fierce 
 As waters to the sucking of a gul|)h. Shakesp. 
 
 4. .Means of advancing 
 
 Against beleasur'd heav'n the gi.ants move ;^ 
 Hills pil'd on hills, on mountains mountains lie, 
 To make their mad approaches to the sky. 
 
 Dnidri. 
 
 O " 1)7
 
 A P P 
 
 AppRoa'cher. n. s. [from approach.] 
 
 The person, that approaches or draws 
 
 near. 
 
 Tliou gav'st tliine cars, like tapsters, tliat bid 
 
 welcome. 
 
 To knaves and all approachers. SJutlicsp. 
 
 Appro'achment. n.s. [£romapproac/i.] 
 The act of coming near. 
 
 As for ice, it will not concrete, but in the ap- 
 proachment of tlic air, as we liave made trial in 
 glasses of water, which will not easily freeze. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Errotirs. 
 
 Approba'tion. n. s. [approbatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of approving, or expresshig 
 himself pleased or satisfied. 
 
 That not past me, but 
 By learned approbation of mjjudges. Shaktsp 
 
 2. The liking of any thing. 
 
 There is no positive law of meu, whether re 
 ceived by formal consent, as in councils, or by 
 secret approbation, as in customs, but may be 
 taken away. Hooker. 
 
 The bare ajyjtrobation. of the worth and goodness 
 
 of_a thing, is not properly the willing of that 
 
 thing J yet men do very commonly accomit it so. 
 
 I _ South. 
 
 3. Attestation ; support. 
 
 IIow many now in health 
 Shall drop their blood in approbation 
 Of what your reverence shall incite us to 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Appro'of. n. s. [from approve, as proof 
 from prove.] Approbation ; commenda- 
 tion ; a word rightly derived, but old. 
 
 O most perilous mouths, 
 That bear in theui one and the self-same tongue 
 Either of condemnation or approof ! Skake^p. 
 
 To Appro'perate. v. a. [appropero, 
 Lat.] To hasten ; to set forward. Diet. 
 
 To Appro'pinquate. v. 71. [approphi- 
 quo, Lat.] To draw nigh unto ; to ap- 
 proach. 
 
 To Appropi'nque. v. n. [appropinquo, 
 Lat.] To approach ; to draw near to. 
 A ludicrous word. 
 
 The clotted blood within my hose, 
 That from my wounded body tlows, 
 Witli mortal crisis doth portend 
 My days to nppropinque an end. Hubibms. 
 
 Appropriable, adj. [from opprv- 
 '. priate.] That which may be appro- 
 priated ; that which may be restrained 
 to something particular. 
 
 This conccil, applied unio the original of man, 
 and the beginning of the world, is more justly 
 approprliihle unto its end. Broim's i'ulg. Ei-roiirs. 
 
 To AfPllO'PRlATE. v. a. [approprkr, 
 Fr. opproprio, low Lat.] 
 
 1. To consign to some particular use or 
 person. 
 
 Things sanctified were thereby in such sort ap- 
 
 ' propriated unto Uod, as tliat they might never 
 
 afterwards again be made counuon'. Hooker. 
 
 A's for tins spot of ground, this person, Ibis 
 
 thing, I have selectci and appropriated, I iuivc 
 
 " inclosed it to myself and my own use ; and I will 
 
 endure no sharer, no rival, or companion in it. 
 
 Soufh. 
 Some they appropriated to the gods, 
 Aiid some to publick, some to private ends. 
 
 RoscomJi}on. 
 IMarks of hoiiour are appropriated to the magis- 
 trate, that he might be invited to reverence 
 himself. Atterhari/. 
 
 2. To claim or exercise ; to take to him- 
 self by an exclusive right. 
 
 To themselves appropriating 
 The spirit of God, promis'd alike and giv n 
 To all believers. ilitlon. 
 
 Why should people engross and appropriate the 
 
 A P P 
 
 common benefits of fire, air, and water fo them- 
 selves? L' Estrange. 
 
 Every body else has an eaual title to it ; and 
 therefore he cannot appropriate, he cannot inclose, 
 without the consent of all his fellow commoners, 
 all mankind. Locke. 
 
 ■". To make peculiar to something ; to an- 
 ne.v by combination. 
 
 He need but be furnished witli verses of sacred 
 scripture ; and his system, Ihat has appropriated 
 Jhem to the orthodoxy of liis clmrch, makes theui 
 innnediately irrefragaljle arguments. Locke. 
 
 We, by degrees, get ideas and names, and 
 learn their appropriated connection one with an- 
 ollier. _ Locke. 
 
 i: In law, to alienate a benefice. See 
 Appropriation. 
 
 Before Ricliard II. it was lawful to appropriate 
 the wliole fruits of a benefice to any abbey, the 
 house finding one to serve the cure ; thatknig re- 
 dressed that horrid evil. Ayliffe. 
 
 Appro PRIATE. adj. [from the verb.] 
 Peculiar ; consigned to some particular 
 use or person ; belonging peculiarly. 
 
 He did institute a hand of fifty archers, by tlie 
 name of yeomen of his guard ; and that it might 
 be thought to be rather a matter of dignity, than 
 any matter of dithdence appropriate to liis own 
 case, he made rm ordinance not temporary, but 
 to hold in succession for ever. Bacon. 
 
 The heathens themselves had an apprehension 
 of the necessity of some appropriate acts of divine 
 worship. Stiliingfieet 
 
 Appropriation, n. s. [from appro- 
 priate.] 
 
 1. The application of something to a par- 
 ticular purpose. 
 
 The mind should have distinct 'ideas of the 
 things, and retain tlie particular name, with its 
 peculiar appropriation to tiiat idea. Locke. 
 
 2. The claim of any thing as peculiar. 
 He doth nothing but talk of his horse, and 
 
 make a great appropriation to his good parts, that 
 he can shoe him himself. .Sliakespearc. 
 
 3. Tlie fixing a particular signification to 
 a word. 
 
 'J'he name of faculty may, by an oppropriation 
 that disguises its true sense, " palliate the ab- 
 surdity. Locke. 
 
 4. In law, a severing of a benefice ecclesi- 
 astical to the proper and perpetual use 
 of some religious house, oi- dean and 
 chapter, bislioprick or college ; because, 
 as persons ordinarily have no right of 
 fee simple, these, by reason of their per- 
 petuity, are accounted owners of the 
 fee simple ; and therefore are called pro- 
 prietors. To an (iptrropriaiion, after 
 the licence obtained of the king in chan- 
 cery, the consent of the diocesan, pa- 
 tron, and incumbent are necessary, if 
 the church be full : but if the church 
 be void, the diocesan atid the patron, 
 upon the king's licence, may conclude. 
 
 Coivdl. 
 Appropria'tor. n. s. [from appro- 
 priate.] He that is possessed of an 
 appropriated benefice. 
 
 IlXxq^k appropriators, by reason of (heir perpetui- 
 ties, are accounted o\\ ncis of the fee simple ; and 
 therefore arc called proprietors. Aijlijje's Parerg. 
 Appro'vable. adj. [from approve.] 
 That, which merits approbation. 
 
 The solid reason, or confirmed experience, of 
 any men, is very approvahlc in what profession 
 soever. Brotens Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Appro'val. n. s. [from approve.] Ap- 
 probation ; a word rarely found. 
 
 A P P 
 
 There is a censor of justice and manners, with- 
 out whose ajiprcwii no capital sentences are to be 
 executed. Ttmpte. 
 
 Appro'vance. n. s. [from approve.] 
 Apjnobalion : a word not much used. 
 
 A man of liis learning should not so liahtly 
 have Ijceu carried aw ay with old wives' tales7rom 
 approeance ui his own reason. Spemcr. 
 
 Should she seem 
 Soft'ning the least appromnce to bestow. 
 Their colours burnish, and, by liope iiispir'd. 
 They brisk advance. Thomson. 
 
 To Appro've. v. a. [upprouver, Fr. 
 appi-obo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To like; to be pleased with. 
 
 There C.-111 be nothing possibly evil, which God 
 npprorclh, and that he approvetli much more than 
 he doth command. Hooker. 
 
 What power was that, whereby Medea saw. 
 And well approo'd, and prais'd the better course, 
 When her rebellious sense did so withdraw 
 Her feeble pow'rs, that she pursu'd the worse ? 
 
 Davies, 
 
 2. To express liking. 
 
 It is looked u|)on as insolence for a man to set 
 up his own opinion against that of some learned 
 doctor, or otherwise approved writer. Locke. 
 
 3. To prove ; to show ; to justify. 
 
 His meaning was not, that Archimedes could 
 simply in nothing be deceived ; but that he had 
 in such sort approved his skill, that he seemed 
 worthy of credit for ever after, in matters apper- 
 tauiing to the science he was skilful in. Hooker, 
 
 111 religion. 
 What damned errour, but some sober brow 
 Will bless it, and approve it with a text ? 
 
 Shakesp, 
 I am sorry 
 That he approves the common liar, Fame, 
 Who sjieaks him thus at Rome. Shakespeare, 
 
 Would'st thou approve thy constancy ? Apprmie 
 First thy obetiience. Milton. 
 
 Refer all the actions of this short life to that 
 state which will never end ; and this will ajiproi^ 
 itself to be wisdom at the last, whatever the world 
 judge of it now. _ Tdlotson. 
 
 4. To experience ; not in use. 
 
 Oh ! 'tis the curse in love, and still apprmrd. 
 When women caimot love, where they're belov'd. 
 
 Siiakespcare. 
 
 5. To make, or show, to be worthy of ap- 
 probation. 
 
 Tlie first care and concern must be to njjprore 
 himseir to God by righteousness, holiness, and 
 purity. Sogers. 
 
 6. It has of before the object, when it 
 signifies to he pleased, but may be used 
 without a preposition ; as, I approve 
 your letter, or, oj your letter. 
 
 I shewed you a piece of black and white stufT, 
 just sent fro'm the dyer ; which you were pleased 
 to approve of, and he my customer for. Su'ijt. 
 
 Appro'vement. n. s. [from approve.] 
 Approbation ; liking. 
 
 It is certain, that at the first you were all of 
 my opinion, and that I did nothing without your 
 approvement. Hayuard. 
 
 Appro'ver. n.s, [from «/?^roie.] 
 
 1 . He, that approves. 
 
 2. He, that ra£ikes trial. 
 
 Their discipline. 
 Now mingled with their courages, will make 
 
 known 
 To their approrers ; they are people such. 
 As mend u[>on the world. Shakespeare. 
 
 3. In our common law, one that, confess- 
 ing felony of himself, appeuleth or ac- 
 cuseth another, one or more, to be guilty 
 of the same: and he is called so, be- 
 cause he must prove what he hath al- 
 leged in his appeal, Cotvell. 
 
 98
 
 APR 
 
 AppRo'ximate. adj. [from arf to, and 
 proximui next, Lat.] Apiiroaching near 
 
 to- 
 These receive a quick conversion, containing 
 
 approximate dispositions unto animation. 
 
 Bmm's Vulvar Frroiirs, 
 
 Approxima'tion. n. s. [from apjuuti- 
 matt'.] 
 1. Approach to an}' thing. 
 
 Unl" ilie latilude of C'ii|iricorn, or the winter 
 solstice, it hiid been a s|irin(» ; for, unto that posi- 
 tion, it had been in a middle point, and tlial of 
 ascent or upproiimtUion. liroiins I tilg. hrnnirs. 
 Tlie fiery ref;ion jjains upon tlie inferiour ele- 
 nienls ; a necessary consequent of tlio sun's gra- 
 dual approiimatioti' towariU the earth. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Matihimi. 
 
 Quadrupeds are Ijcttcr placed uceoVding to the 
 
 degrees of their approximation to the human sluipe. 
 
 Crew's Musaum. 
 
 2. In science, a continual approach nearer 
 still, and nearer, to the quantity sought, 
 tliougli pcrliaps without a possibility of 
 ever arriving at it e.xactly. 
 Appu'lse. n. s. [from ap2>uhits, Lat.] 
 The act of striking against any thing. 
 
 An lieclic fever is the innate heat liindled into 
 a destructive lire, through tlie appnlse of saline 
 stcnins. Harvey. 
 
 In vowels, the passage of the mouth is open and 
 free, without any appnlse of an organ of speech 
 to anotlier : but," in all consonants, tliere is an 
 appnlse of the organs. Holiler. 
 
 To A'PElCATE. I', n. [apricor, Lat.] To 
 bask in the sun. Did. 
 
 ApRi'ciTY. n. s. [apricifas, Lat.] 
 Warmth of the sun ; sun-shine. Diet. 
 A'PRICOT, or A'PRlcocK. it. s. [from 
 apricus, Lat. sunny.] A Idnd of wall- 
 fruit. 
 A'PRIL. ti.s. [Aprilis, Lat. Ai'riI,TT.] 
 The fourth month of the year, January 
 counted first. 
 
 April is represented by a young man in green, 
 with a garland of myrtle and hawtliorn buds ; in 
 one hand, primroses and violets ; in the other, 
 the sign Taurus. Feachuni on Drairing. 
 
 I\Ien are April, when tliey woo ; December, 
 when they wed : Maids are ^lay, when they are 
 maids ; but the sky changes when they are w ives, 
 Shukesp, As yoa like it. 
 A'PRON. n. s. [A word of uncertain ety- 
 mology ; but supposed by some, to be 
 contracted from i.fore out.] A cloth hun, 
 before, to keep the other dress clean. 
 Give us irold, good Timon : hast thou more r — 
 ^ lold up, you sluts. 
 Your aprons mountant. Sliakesp. 
 
 The nobility think scorn, to go *t leather a/)ri7H5. 
 
 Shakvsp. 
 
 How might we see Falstaif, and not ourselves 
 
 be seen ? — — Put on two leather jerkins and 
 
 aprons ; and wait upon liim at his table as drawers. 
 
 Sbnkesp. 
 
 In these figures, the vest is gathered up before 
 
 tliera, like an apron, which you nmst suppose 
 
 filled with fruits. * .iitdison. 
 
 A'PRON. n. s. [in gunnery] A piece of 
 
 lead, which covers the touch-hole of a 
 
 great gun. 
 a'pron of a goose. The fat skin, which 
 
 covers the belly. 
 A'pron-ma'n. n. s. [from apron and 
 
 man.'] A man, that wears an apron ; ? 
 
 workman ; a manual artificer. 
 
 \ou have made good work, 
 
 You and your apron-men ; that stood so much, 
 
 T'pon the voice of occupation, and 
 
 The breath of garlick eaters. Shaken. 
 
 A P T 
 
 A'PRONED. a/lj. [froma^^ron.] Wearing 
 an apron. 
 Ihe coLler apron'd, and the parson gown'd. I'upe. 
 
 APSIS, n. s. upsides, plural. [•4/i5, con- 
 junction.] 
 
 Is applied, in astronomy, to two points in Ihe 
 orbits of planets ; in « hicli they are at the greatest 
 and at the least distance, from the sun or earth. 
 The higher apsii is more particularly denoniiiMted 
 aphelion, or apogee ; the lower, perihelion, or 
 
 perigee. 
 
 Chanilicrs. 
 
 If bodies revolve in orbits that are pretty near 
 circles, and the amides of these orbits be (ixed ; 
 then ihecentripetal forces of those bodies will be re- 
 ciprocally, as the squares of tiled. stances. Chcyne. 
 
 APT. adj. [aptus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Fit. 
 
 This so eminent industry, in making proselytes, 
 more of that sex than of 'the other, groweth ; for 
 that they are deemed apter, to serve as instru- 
 ments in the cause. /l;;rtr ihcy are, through the 
 eagerness of their alTection ; apter, through a na- 
 tural inclination unto piety ; apter, through sundry 
 opportunities, ii:c. Finally, ii;;(er, through a 
 singular delight, which they take in giiingvery 
 large and particular intelligence, how all near 
 about them stand afl'ected, as concerning the same 
 cause. Hooker. 
 
 2. Having a tendency to ; liable to. 
 ThiniiS natural, aslong as they keep those forms 
 
 which give them i heir being, cannot possibly be apt 
 or inclinable, to do otherwise than they do. Hivker. 
 i\Iy vines and peaches on ray best south walls 
 were apt, to have a soot or smutliness upon their 
 leaves and fruits. Temple. 
 
 3. Inclined to ; led to ; disposed to. 
 
 You may make her you love, believe it ; which, 
 
 I warrant, she is a/)lci-to do, than confess she does. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Men are apt to think well of themselves and of 
 their nation, of their courage and strength. Temp. 
 
 One, who has not these lights, is a stranger to 
 what he reads ; and apt to put a wrong interpre- 
 tation upon it. Addison. 
 
 Even those, who are near the court, are apt to 
 deduct wrong consequences, by reasoning upon 
 the motives of actions. Suyt. 
 
 What we have always seen, to be done in one 
 manner; we are apt to imagine, there was but 
 that one way. _ Bentley. 
 
 4. Ready ; quick : as, an apt -vvit. 
 
 I have a heart, as little apt as yours ; 
 But yet a brain, that leads my use of anger 
 To better vantage. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Qualified for. 
 
 These brothers bad a while served the king in 
 war, w hereunto tliey were only ti/i(. .Sidney. 
 
 All, that were strong and apt for war, even them 
 the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylen, 
 
 2 lungs. 
 
 To Apt. r. a. [apto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To .suit; to adapt. 
 
 V.'e need a man, that knows the several graces 
 Of history, and how to apt their places ; 
 AVhcre brevity, w here splendour, andw here height. 
 Where swectiiess is required, and where weight, 
 
 Ben Jonsivi. 
 
 In some ponds, apted for it by nature, they be- 
 come pikes. Walton. 
 
 2. To fit; to qualify; to dispose; to prepare. 
 
 The king is melancholy, 
 Apled for any ill impressions. Denham's &>;^hy. 
 
 To A'PTATE. V. a. \uplatum, Lat.] To 
 make fit. 
 
 To ii/)((i(t a planet, is to strengthen the planet 
 in position of house and dignities to the g eatest 
 advantage, in order to bring about the desired 
 end Bailey. 
 
 A'PTITL'DE. n. I. [French.] 
 
 1 . Fitness. 
 
 This evinces its perfect opfifiirfe and fitness for 
 the end, to which it was aimed, the planting and 
 noiirishingall true virtue aiuon^ men. VecayojPie. 
 
 2. Tendency. 
 
 In au abortion, the mother, besides the frustra- 
 
 A Q U 
 
 lion of Iier hopes, acquires an aptitude to miscarry 
 for the future. Decay <^ I'ltty. 
 
 3. Dispo^ition. 
 
 He, that is about children, sliould study their 
 natures and uptilndes ; w hat turns thes t a-ily take, 
 and wiiat becomes them ; what their native stock 
 is, and what ills fit for. Locke. 
 
 Aptly, adv. [from apt.] 
 
 1 . Properly ; with just connection, or 
 correspondence ; fitly. 
 
 That part 
 Was aptly fitted andnaturaliy [>erform'd. Shakesp 
 
 But, wliat the mass nutritious does divide? 
 What makes ihem iip(/« lo ihe liiubs adiicre. 
 In youth increase them, and iu age repair? 
 
 Blachmare. 
 
 2. Justly ; pertinently. 
 
 Iren^us very aptlu remarks, that those nations, 
 who were not possest of the gospels, had the 
 same accounts of our Saviour, which are in the 
 Evangelists. Atldivm. 
 
 3. Readily; acutely; as, he learned his 
 business very aptly. 
 
 .Vptness. n. s. [from «/>^] 
 \. Fitness; suitableness. 
 
 The nature of every law must be judged of, hv 
 
 the ainncsi of things therein prescrfbcrf, uiilo tlie 
 
 same end. Hooker. 
 
 There are antecedent and independent aptnaset 
 
 in things ; with respect lo which, they arc lit lo 
 
 be commanded or forbidden. yorrU's M'tscetl. 
 
 2. Disposition to any thing ; of persons. 
 
 The nobles receive so to heart the banishment 
 
 of that worthy Coriolanus, that they are in a ripe 
 
 aptne-ii to take all power from the people. Sh.ikesp. 
 
 5. Quickness of appreliension; readiness 
 to learn. 
 
 What should be the aptness of birds, in com- 
 parison of beasts, to imitate s; ecch, may be en- 
 quireil. Bacon. 
 
 4. Tendency of things. 
 
 Some seeds of goodness give him a relish'of 
 such reikciions, as nave an aptness to improve the 
 mind. Addis>m. 
 
 Ap'tote. n. s. [of a. and irlil-s-t! a case.] 
 A noun, which is not declined with cases. 
 
 AQUA. w. s. [Latin.] A word signifying 
 water, very much used in chymical 
 writings. 
 
 AQi'A FORTFS. [L.itin.] A corrosive 
 liquor, made by distilling purified nitre 
 with calcined vitriol, or rectified oil of 
 vitriol in a strong heat : the liquor, 
 which rises in fumes red as blood, being 
 collected, is the spirit of nitre, or aqua 
 forlis; -which serves as a menstruum, 
 for dissolving of silver, and all other 
 metals, except gold. But, if sea salt or 
 sal ammoniackbe added to aqua Jorlis, 
 it commences aqua rr$ria, and will then 
 dissolve no metal but gold. Chambers. 
 The dissolving of silver in aquafortis, and gold 
 in aqua rcgia, and not lice icrsJ, would not be 
 difficult to'know. Lceke. 
 
 AQUA MARINA of the Italian lapida- 
 ries, is of a sea or bluish green. This 
 stone seems to me to be tlie berylhis of 
 Pliny. Woodicard. 
 
 AQUA MIR.l'BILfS. [Lat.] The won- 
 derful water, is prepa'-ed of cloves, ga- 
 langals, cubebs, macecardamomumnut- 
 megs, ginger, and spirit of wine, digested 
 twentv-four hours, then distilled. 
 
 .iQlA REGIA, or AQUA REGALI?, 
 [Latin.] An acid water, so called be. 
 cause it dissolves gold, the king of me- 
 
 99
 
 A R A 
 
 tals. Its essential ingredient is com- 
 mon sea salt, the only salt which will 
 operate on gold. It is prepared by mix- 
 ing common sea-salt, or sal ammoniaclv, 
 or the spirit of them, with spirit cf nitre, 
 or common aqua forlis. Cliamhcrs. 
 
 lie adds lo his complex idea of gold, tliat of 
 fixedness or solubility in aqua rcgia. Locke. 
 
 AQUA-VIT/E. [Lat.] It is commonly 
 understood of wliat is otherwise called 
 brandy, or S|>iiit of wine, either sim- 
 ple or prepared with aromaticks. But 
 some appropriate the term brandy to 
 what is procured fi-om wine, or the 
 grape ; aqna-nita, to that drawn after 
 the same manner from malt. Cham. 
 
 I will rather trust a Fleming with my butter, ;in 
 Irishui^iii "ith my aqua ritic bottle, or a thief to 
 walk Willi my ambling gelding, than my wife 
 with herself. Shakesp. 
 
 Aqua'tick. adj. [aguatkus, Lat. from 
 aqtin, water.] 
 
 1. That, which inhabits the water. 
 
 The vast variety of worms found in animals, as 
 well terrestrial as amtatick, are taken into tlicir 
 bodies by meals and drinks. Eaym the Creatinn 
 
 Brutes may be considered, as either aerial, ter- 
 restrial, n^iwiicJf, or amphibious. yli;ii<i(ic/c are those 
 whose constant abode is upon the w ater. Locke. 
 
 2. Applied to plants ; that which grows in 
 
 the water. 
 
 Flass, and such likea^imdVfcs, are best destroyed 
 by draining. Mivtimer's Hitshandrii. 
 
 A'qu.atile. adj. [aqiiatilis, Lat.] That, 
 which inhabits the water. 
 
 \\"c behold many millions of the aqiiatiie or 
 water frog, in ditches and siandina plashes. 
 
 Bniicns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 A'queduct 71. s. [aquddiutus, Lat.] A 
 Ciinvevance made for carrying water from 
 one place lo another; made on uneven 
 grotir.d, to preserve the level of the 
 water, and convey it by a canal. Some 
 cqticdiici.i are under ground, and others 
 above it, supported by arches. 
 
 Amoiii: tlie remains of old Rome, the grandetir 
 of the coiiimonwealth shews itself chiefly in tem- 
 ples, highways, aqueducts^ walls, and bridges of 
 thccilv. Ad'dism. 
 
 Hillicr tlie rills of water are convey'd. 
 In curious aqueducts ; by nature laid. 
 To carry all ihe humour. Blachnore. 
 
 A'QIEOUS. adj. [from cjK(7, water, Lat.] 
 
 \^atery. 
 
 The vehement fire, requisite to its fusion, forced 
 away all the aqiteous and fugitive moisture. 
 
 Raq ou the Creation. 
 
 A'queoi'SNESS. n. s. [aquosilas, Lat.] 
 
 W'aterishness. 
 A'quiline. adj. [aquilinus, Lat. from 
 
 aqvila an eagle.] Resembling an eagle ; 
 
 when applied to the nose, hooked. 
 His nose was aquitine. his eyes were blue, 
 
 Ruddy his lips, and fresh and' fair his hue. Dn/d. 
 Grvps signifies some kind of eagle or vulture ; 
 
 from "w hence the epithet grupus, for an hooked or 
 
 aquiline nose. Brown. 
 
 Aquo'se. adj. [from aqua, Lat ] Watery ; 
 
 having the qualities of water. Diet. 
 
 Aquo'sity. ti. s. Ifromaquose.] Wateri- 
 
 ness. Diet. 
 
 A. R. anno re2;}ii ; that is, the year of the 
 
 reign,: as, A. H. G E. 20. Anno rrgni 
 
 Geoi's^ii ngin vigisimo, in the twentieth 
 
 year of the reign of king George. 
 A'rable. adj. [{tomaro, Lat. to plough.] 
 
 A R B 
 
 Fit for the plough ; fit for tillage; pro- 
 ductive of corn. 
 
 His eves he open'd, and btheld a field. 
 Part arable, and lilth j whereon were sheaves 
 New reap'd. MiUon. 
 
 'T\s good ior arable ; aglehe, ihatasks 
 Todsh teams of oxen, and laborious tasks. Drvd. 
 
 Having but very little arable land tliey aie 
 forced to fetch all tficircorn from foreign countries. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 AUACHNOIDES. s. [from i^a^'" " 
 sjjider's Wfb, and tiS©- form.] 
 
 1 . One of the tunicks of the eye, so called 
 from its reseitiblance to a cobweb. 
 
 As to the tunicks ot the eye. many things might 
 be taken notice of; the prodigious fineness of The 
 arachnoide.'i, the acute sense of tiie retina. Derh. 
 
 2. It is also a fine thin transpareni mem- 
 brane; which, lying between the dura 
 and the pia mater, is supposed to invest 
 the whole substance of the brain. Cham. 
 
 ARA'IGNEE. n.s. [Fr.] A term in for- 
 tification, which sometimes denotes a 
 branch, reluni, or gallery of amine. Diet. 
 Ar.\'neous. adj. [from aranea, Lat. a 
 cobweb.] Resembling a cobweb. 
 
 Tlie curious avamon& menihrane of the eye con- 
 stringclh and dilatetli it, and so varieth its focus. 
 
 Derhain. 
 
 Ara'tion. v.s. [orfffw, Lat.] The act 
 or practice of ploughing. 
 
 Ara'tory. adj. [from arp, Lat. to 
 plough.] That, whicli contributes to 
 tillage. Diet. 
 
 A'rbalist. n. s. [from areus, a bow, 
 and balisia an engine to throw stones,] 
 A cross-bow. 
 
 It is reported by William Erilo, that the ar- 
 ciibalista or iir/iifot'was first slicked lo the French, 
 by our king Ricliard the first ; who was shortly 
 after slain by a quarrel thereof. Camden. 
 
 ARBITER, n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. \ judge appointed by the parties, to 
 whose determination they voluntarily 
 submit. 
 
 He would put himself into the king's hands, 
 and make him urhiter of the peace. Bacon. 
 
 2. One, who has the power of decision or 
 regulation ; a judge, 
 
 Ne.\t him, high arhiter, 
 Chance governs all. Milton. 
 
 His majcsly, in this great conjnncture, seems 
 
 to be generally allowed for the sole arbiter of the 
 
 afl'airs of Christendom. Temple. 
 
 A'rbitrable. adj. [from ffr6i7?-or, Lat.] 
 
 Arbitrary : depending upon the will. 
 
 The ordinary revenue of a parsonage is in land, 
 called the glebe ; in lylhe, a set part of our goods, 
 rendered to God ; in other otierings, besiowed 
 upon God by Ihe people, either in such arbitrahle 
 proportion, "as their own devotion moveth them, 
 or as the laws or customs of particular places do 
 require them. Spelman. 
 
 .\rbi'trament. m. s. [from arbilror, 
 Lat.] \\ ill ; determinatiim ; choice. 
 This should be written arbifremei>t. 
 
 Stand fast! to stand or fall. 
 Free in thine own arhitrament it stands : 
 Perfect wiihin, no outward aid require. 
 And all temptation to trans^jrcss repel. Mi/(.)?i. 
 
 A'rbitrarily. adv. [from arbitral!/.] 
 \\'ith no other rule, than the will ; de- 
 spotically ; absolutely. 
 
 He governed arbitrarily : he was cupelled, and 
 came to the deserved end of all tyrants. Dryden. 
 
 Arbitra'rious. adj. [from arbitrarius, 
 Lat.] Arbitrary : depending on the will. 
 
 ARE 
 
 These are standing and irrepealable truths ; 
 such, as have no precarious existence, or arhitra* 
 rious dcjjendcnce upon auj' will or understanding 
 whatsoever. Norris. 
 
 Arbitrariously. adv. [from arbitra- 
 ri'iis.] Arbitrarily; according to mere 
 will and pleasure. 
 
 Where words are imposed arbitrariously, dis- 
 torted from their common use ; the mind must be 
 led into misprision. Gluniillc, 
 
 A'rbitrary. adj. [arbitrarius, Lat.] 
 I. Despolick ; absolute; bound by no law ; 
 following the will without restraint. It 
 is applied both to persons and tilings. 
 
 In vain the I'vrian queen resigns her life. 
 For the chaste glory of a virtuous wife ; 
 If lyuig bards iiiay false amours rehearse. 
 And blast iicrnanie with arbitrary verse. Wabh, 
 
 Their regal tyrants shall with blushes hide 
 Their little^ lusts vi arbltrarij pridcf 
 Kor bear to see their vassals ty'd. Prior. 
 
 £. Depending on no rule ; capricious. 
 
 It may be pc-iceived, with what insecurity wc 
 ascribe eil'ects dciiendingon the natural period of 
 time, unti arbitrary calculations, and such as 
 vary at pleasure. Broun s ^ulg. Erronrs. 
 
 To A'rbitrate. v. a. [arhitror, Lat.] 
 
 1. To decide ; to determine. 
 
 This miiriit have been prevented, and made 
 whole. 
 With very easy arguments of love ; 
 V^'bicll now, the manage of two kingdoms must. 
 With fearfi',1 bloody issue, arbitrate. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To judge of. 
 
 Vet, where an equal poise of hope and fear 
 Doesariiilrcfc ih' event, my nature is. 
 That I incline to hope, rallier than fear. Milton. 
 
 To A'rbitrate. v.n. To givejadgment. 
 
 It did arbitrate upon the several reports of sense, 
 not like a drowsy judge, only hearing, but al-o 
 directing their verdict. South 
 
 A'rbitrariness. n. «. [from ai-bi- 
 trari/.] Despoticalness ; tyranny. 
 
 He, that by harshness of nature, and arhiirari- 
 ness of coimuaiids, uses liis children like servants, 
 is what they mean by a tyrant. Tempte. 
 
 .Arbitration, n. s. [from arbitrvr, 
 Lat] The deteriiiinatioii of a cause, 
 by a judge mutually agreed on by the 
 parties contending. 
 
 A'rbitrator. n. s. [from nrbHrate.] 
 
 1. An extraordinary judge between party 
 and party, chosen by their mutual con- 
 sent. ' Cowell. 
 
 Ij ' a good soldier, or upright trustee, 
 An arbitrator from corruption fiee. Dryden. 
 
 2. A governor ; ^.pre^ident. 
 
 Though heav'n be shut, 
 .Vjid heav'n's high uAitrator sit secure 
 In liis own strength ; this place may be expos'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 3. He, that has the power of prescribing 
 to otiiers without limit or controul. 
 
 Another Blenheim or Raraillies will make the 
 confederales masters of their o« n terms, and arbi- 
 trators of a peace. Addison on the Slale<rf the War. 
 t. Tiie determiner ; he, that puts an end 
 to any affiiir. 
 
 But now the arbitrator of despairs, 
 .Tust death, kind umpire of man's miseries. 
 With sweet enlargement doth dismiss me hence. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Tbeend crowns all ; 
 And that old common arbitrator, time. 
 Will one day end it. Shakesp. 
 
 .\rbi'trement. n. s. [from arbitror, 
 
 Lat] 
 1. Decision ; determination. 
 
 I know, the knight is incensed against yo". 
 even to a mortal arlilrement ; but noljiing of the 
 circumstance more. SJiakesp. 
 
 100
 
 ARC 
 
 We of the ortenciing side 
 JTust keep aloof from strict arhkremeiit. 
 
 Slinhsp. 
 
 Aid was granted, and llie quarrel brought ;o 
 the arbitramnt of tlie sword. Huyuurd. 
 
 2. Compromise. 
 
 Lukewarm persons tliink, they may accommo- 
 date points of religion by middle wavs ami willy 
 reconcilements ; as if ihcy would make aaarbitn- 
 ment between God and man. JUcan. 
 
 A'RBORARY. adj. [arborarius, Uit.j 
 Belonging to a tvee. Did. 
 
 A'RBORET. n. s. [arbor, Lat. a tree.] 
 A small tree or shrub. 
 
 Noar/wrcl, with painted blossoms drest. 
 And smelling sweet : but there it might be fuum . 
 To bud out fair, and her sweet smcUs thmw all 
 around. ■^"""1/ Q"«"'- 
 
 Now hid, now seen, 
 Amon2 thick woven arboreU, and flow'rs 
 ImbroFder'd on each bank. Mtlton. 
 
 Arbo'REOU.s. adj. [arborous, Lat ] 
 
 1. Belon.jrinsr to trees; constituting a tree. 
 
 A grain of niustard becomes arboreous. Brown. 
 
 2. A term in botany, to distinguish such 
 funguses or mosses as grow upon trees, 
 from those that grow on the groiuicl. 
 
 Quinc:/. 
 
 Tliey speak properly, who make it an arboreous 
 , or rather a superplant bred of a -•«- 
 
 Pti]>e. 
 ' arcana. 
 
 lis and siipc-rfluous lopp, wliich the tree itself 
 Linot assiiiiulate. Broun's Vulg. EiTours. 
 
 excrescenc 
 oou 
 
 cannot ^, 
 
 A'RBORIST. n. s. [arhoristr, I'r. from 
 arbor a tree.] A naturalist, who makes 
 trees his study. 
 
 The naiiire of the mulberry, which the arborUts 
 observe to be long in tlie begeliing his buds ; but 
 the cold seasons' being past, he shoots them all 
 out ill a night. Houel's Vocal Foreil. 
 
 A'rborous. at//, [from arbor, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to a tree. 
 
 From under shady arborous roof. 
 Soon as they forth were come to open fight 
 Of day-spring and the sun. Milton. 
 
 A'rbolr. n. .«. [from Arftor a tree.] A 
 bower ; a place, covered with green 
 branclie.s of trees. 
 
 Nay, vi'U sliall see mine orchard ; where, in an 
 arhoiii; we will eat a last year's pippin of my own 
 gralr.ng. S/i.ili>7>. 
 
 Let us divide onr labonrs : thou, where chuice 
 I>eadstl;ee, or where most needs ; whether to wind 
 The wci.tltviie round this cibour, or direct 
 The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton. 
 
 For noon-day''s heat, are closer arbours made ; 
 And, for freshev'ning air, the op'ner glade. 
 
 Dr\jden. 
 
 A'rboir-vine. n. s. a species of bind- 
 weed ; which see. 
 
 A'RBLsrLE. n. s. [arbuscula, Lat.] Any 
 little shrub. Did. 
 
 A'revte. n. *. [arbutus, Lat.] 
 
 Arbute, or strawberry tree, grows common in 
 Ireland. It is difficult to be raised from the seeds ; 
 but may be propagated by layers. It grows tn a 
 goodly trie : endures our climate, unless the 
 weather be very severe ; and makes bt'aiitiful 
 heilges. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 R'tugh arbute slips into a hazel bougli 
 Are oft ingrafted , and good apples grow 
 Out of a plain tree slock. May's Virgil. 
 
 Arc. ». .V. [at Ills, Lat.] 
 
 1. A segment; a part of a circle; not 
 more than a semicircle. 
 
 Their segments or ores, for the most part, ex- 
 ceeded nut the tbiid part of a circle. 
 
 Ktuions OpticliS. 
 
 2. An arch. 
 Ijoad some vain church with old thealrick state 
 
 A 11 C 
 
 Or call the winds, through lon^ arcades to roar ; 
 
 rriMid, to lalcli cold at a Veiieiiaii dour, 
 ARi A '•V.M. U.S. ill I /u plural . 
 
 A L-itin wonl signifying a secret. 
 Alien, n.s. [arms, Lat.] 
 
 1. Part of a circle, not more than the half. 
 
 Tlic mind perceives, thai an arch of a circle is 
 less than the whole circle, as clearly as it does the 
 idea i.f a circle. (•"<•''«•• 
 
 2. \ building, open below and closed 
 above, standing by the fonn of its own 
 curve; used for bridgesandotherworks. 
 
 Ne'er tlnougb an arcfi, so hurried the blown 
 
 As the reco'mforled, through the gates. Sluikesp. 
 
 Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch 
 Of the rais'd empire tall ! here is my space. 
 
 Shahesji. 
 
 The royal squadron marches ; _ 
 
 Erect triumphal arches. Dryden s Albion. 
 
 3. The sky, or vaidt of heaven. 
 
 Hath nature giM'n tlicin eyes, 
 To see this vaulted arch, and the rich cope 
 Of sea and land .' Shakespeare. 
 
 4. [from ajx"?-] A chief: obsolete. 
 
 The noble duke, my master, 
 JIv worthy arch and patron, comes to-night. 
 •' -^ iftatep. 
 
 To Arch. v. a. [arcuo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To buid arches. 
 The nations of the field and wood 
 
 Build on the wave, or arch beneath the sand. 
 
 rope. 
 
 2. To cover with arches. 
 
 Gates of monarchs 
 Are arch'd so high, that giants may get throngh. 
 
 Shakcijicarc. 
 
 The proud river, which makes her led at her 
 
 feet, is arched over with such a curious pile of 
 
 stones; that, considering the rapid course of tl: 
 
 deep stream that roars under it, it may well 
 ice amon2 the wonders of the world. Hi 
 
 it may well take 
 'owil. 
 
 of triuiiiiih to a garden gate 
 
 Turn ( 
 A'rcade. n.s. [Trench.] 
 arch ; a walk arched over. 
 
 J', 
 
 'pC. 
 
 \ continued 
 
 place 
 
 3. To form into arches. 
 
 Fine devices of arching water without spiMing, 
 and makin" it rise in several forms of feathers 
 and drinking-glasses, be pretty things to look on, 
 but nothing lo health and sweetness.^ Bacon. 
 
 Arch. adj. [from a^x"? chief.] 
 
 1. Chief; of the first class. 
 The tyrannous and bloody act is done ; 
 
 The most arch deed of piteous massacre, 
 
 That ever yet ti:is land was guilty of. S/io/cfsj). 
 
 "There is sprung up 
 An heretick, march one, Cianmer. Sh-.kesii. 
 
 2. Waggish ; mirthful ; triflin^ly mischie- 
 vous. This signification it seems to have 
 gained, by being frequently applied to 
 the boy most remarkable for his praiiks ; 
 as, the arch rogue: unless it be derived 
 froin Archi/, the name of the jester to 
 
 Charles I. . ,. . ^ 
 
 Eu^enio set out from the university ; he had 
 the re°putatioii of an arch lad at school. _ Suiji. 
 Arch, in composition, signifies chief, or 
 of the first class [from ieyj":,] ! as, arcli- 
 angel, archbiahop. It is pronounced va- 
 riously with regard to the ch, which be 
 fore a consonant sound as in cheese, as 
 archdeacon ; before a vowel like k, as 
 archanscl. 
 Arch.^'ngel. n. s. [archangelus, Lat.] 
 One of the highest order of angels. 
 
 His form had vet not lost 
 All her origi.i.il briglitm-ss, nor appear'd 
 ban arc/wiigeiruin'd.and th excess 
 ry obscur'rf. 
 1 „ sure th' «rc/inii^c/'s trump 1 hear. 
 Nature's Kreat passing-bell ; tlie only call 
 Of God's", that will be heard by all. 
 
 Akcha'ngel. a. s. [lainium, Lat] 
 
 Of 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Xflrris. 
 The 
 
 A R C 
 
 name of a plant, called also Dead- 
 nillle. 
 Archange'lick. adj. [from archangel.] 
 belonging to archangels. 
 
 Meceas'd ; and ih' arclunv^etick pow'r preparM 
 F..r swift descent ; with him ilic cohort briglit 
 Of watchful cherubim. Milton. 
 
 Archbe'acon. n. *. [from arch and 
 beacon.] The chief place of prospect, 
 or of signal 
 
 Vou shall vvin the top of llic Cornish archbearon 
 Ilainliorough ; which may for prospect compart: 
 with Rama ill I'aleslina. Cireir. 
 
 .'Vrchbi'shop. [from arch and bishop] 
 A bishop of the first class, who super- 
 intends the conduct of other bishops his 
 suffragans. 
 
 Craiimer is retimi'd with welcome, 
 Inslall'd lord archbishop of Canterbury. Stdketp. 
 The arc)i6is/iep was the know n arcliitect of this 
 new fabrick. Clareiulon. 
 
 ARCHBi'SHtJPRlCK. tl. s. [from arch- 
 bishop.] The state or jurisdiction of an 
 
 archbishop. 
 
 Tis the cardinal ; 
 And, merely to revenge him on the emperor. 
 For not bestowing on him at his asking 
 The arclibishopricli of Toledo, tliis is purpos'd. 
 
 iihakeup. 
 This excellent man, from the time of his pro- 
 motion to the arc/.fcii/iwirick, underwent the envy 
 and malice of men, who agreed in nothing else. 
 
 C/tfren./en. 
 
 Archcha'nter. n. s. [from arch and 
 chanter.] The chief chanter. 
 
 Archde'acon. n. s. [archidiaconns, 
 Lat.] One, that supplies the bishops 
 place and office in such matters, as do 
 belong to the episcopal function. The 
 law styles him the bishop's vicjr, or 
 vicegerent. Aylijjci PariKgon. 
 
 Lest negligence might foist in abuses, an urch- 
 deacon was appoiuied lo take account of their 
 doiii>'S. Cartw's Surictl. 
 
 Archde'aconry. n. s. [archiUiaco- 
 natiis, Lat ] The office of an archdeacon. 
 
 It oweth subjection to the metropolitan of Cau- 
 terbury, and hath one only uic/irif/fonrt;. 
 
 Archde'aconship. n.s. [fromflrcA- 
 deacoi.] The office or jurisdiction of an 
 archdeacon. 
 
 Archdlke. n. s. [archidvx, Lat.] A 
 title given to some stivereign princes, as 
 of Austria and Tuscany. 
 
 Philip, archduke v( Austria, dnring Vis Toyage 
 from the Netherlands towjirds Spain, wasweaiber- 
 driven into Wevinoutb. Carcu's Sunc-j. 
 
 Archduchess, n. s. [from arch and 
 duchess.] A title given to the sister or 
 daughter of the archduke of .\ustri:i, or 
 to tiie -wife of an archduke of Tuscany. 
 
 .Vrch-philo'sopher. n. s. [from arch 
 and philosopher.] Chief philosopher. 
 It is no improbal.le o; ininn (herefcre, which 
 the arch-pbib-mpher was of ; that the chiefest per- 
 son in every household was always (as it were) a 
 king. " W*^'-'"- 
 
 Arch PRELATE, n.s. [from a re A and 
 prelate.] Chief prelate. 
 
 IJay we not wonder, that a man of St. Basil s 
 authority and rjiialilv. and arch-prelate in the 
 house of God, should have his name far and wide 
 called in ^ucslion ? Hooker. 
 
 .\RCH PRESBYTER. M.S. [from orcA and 
 presbi/ltr] Chief pre.-byter. 
 .\s simple deacons are in subjection to pres- 
 
 101
 
 ARC 
 
 byters, according to tlie can. n law ; so arc also 
 PJfs''Vtcrs and arch-probi/tcrs in subjeclion to 
 these archdeacons. " Jyliffes Parcrgnn. 
 
 Arch-pki'est. 71. s. [from arch and 
 priest. 1 Chief priest. 
 
 The word docanus Was extended to an ecclcsi- 
 iistical dignity, which mciuded the arch-priests. 
 
 yiuUffu's farergon. 
 
 Aechaio'logy. n. s. [from a^;)(;ar®- an- 
 cient, and ^o'y©- a discourse.] A dis- 
 course on antiquity. 
 Aechaiologick. adj. [from archaio- 
 logy.] Relating to a discourse on anti- 
 quity. 
 A'rchaism. n. s. [a.^x'^ia^li;.'] An an- 
 cient plirase, or mode of expression. 
 I shall never nse archaisms, like Blilton. Watts. 
 A'rched. participial adj. [from To 
 arch.] Bent in the form of an arch. 
 
 I see how thine eye would emulate the dia- 
 mond ; thou hast the right arched bent of the 
 '"■°"- , , Shahesp. 
 
 Let the archett knife, 
 Well sharpen'd, now assail the spreading shades 
 Of vegetables. Philips. 
 
 Archer, n. s. [archer, Fr. from o; cms, 
 Lat. a bow. ] He that shoots with a bow : 
 he that carries a bow in battle. 
 
 Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head. 
 
 T, . „ ... , Shakesp. 
 
 1 Ills Cn|>id is no longer an archer ; his glory 
 shall be our's ; for we are the only love-gods; 
 
 T-, , , . , , Shahesp. 
 
 Ihou frequent bring'st the smitten deer ; 
 For seldom, archers say, thv arrows err. Prior 
 
 A'rchery. 11. s. [from archer.] 
 
 1. The use of the bow. 
 
 Ani'jiig the English artillery, acc/ieru challengeth 
 the prc-emiucnce, as peculiar to our nation. Camtl. 
 
 2. The act of shooting with the bow. 
 Flower of this purple dye. 
 
 Hit with Cupid's archeril, 
 Siuk in apple of his eye ! 
 
 Shakesp. Mids. Night's Dream. 
 
 3. The art of an archer. 
 Blest scraphims shall leave their quire, 
 
 And turn love's soldiers upon thee, 
 
 Toexercise theirnreftcru. Crashau-'s Stepsto Temple. 
 
 Say, from what golden quivers of tile sky 
 Do all thy winged arrows fly ? 
 Swiftness and power by birth are thine. 
 '■I'is^ believe) this a'rcherif tu shew, 
 That so niuch cost in colour's thou. 
 And skill in [laiiiting, dost bestow 
 Tpon tliy ancient arras, the gaudy heavenly bow. 
 . , Cowley. 
 
 Arches-court. ». s. [from arches 
 and court.] The chief and most ancient 
 consistory, that belongs to the arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, for the debating 
 of .spiritual causes ; so called from Bo^^^ 
 Church in London, where it is kept ; 
 whose top is raised of stone pillarsi 
 built archwise. The judge of this court 
 is termed the dean of the arches, or 
 official of the arches-court : dean of the 
 arches, because with this office is com- 
 monly joined a peculiar jurisdiction of 
 thirteen parishes in London, termed a 
 deanery, being exempted from the au- 
 thority of the bishop of London, and 
 belonging to the archbishop of Canter- 
 bury ; of wliicli the parish of Bow is 
 one. Some others say, that he was first 
 called dean of the arches, because the 
 official to the archbishop, the dean of the 
 ai-ches, was his substitute in Lis coiu't ; 
 
 ARC 
 
 and by that means the names became con- 
 founded. The jurisdiction of this judge 
 is ordinary, and extends through the 
 whole province of Canterbury : so that, 
 upon any appeal, he forthwith, and with- 
 out any further examination of the cause, 
 sends out his citation to the party ap- 
 pealed ; and his inhibition to the judge, 
 from whom the appeal is made. Courll. 
 A'rche-type. n. s. [urchetijpvm, Lat.] 
 The original, of which any resemblance 
 is made. 
 
 Our souls, though they might have perceived 
 images themselves, by simple lense ; yet it seems 
 inconceivable, how tliey should apprehend their 
 archetypes. Glamille's Scepsis. 
 
 As a man, a tree, are the outward objects of^our 
 perception, and the outward archetypes or patterns 
 of our ideas ; so our sensations of hunger, cold, 
 are also inward archctupes or jiatlerns of our ideas! 
 But the notions or pictures of these things, as thev 
 are in the mind, are the ideas. M'atiss Lofick. 
 
 Arche'typal. adj. [archetypus, Lat.] 
 Original ; being a pattern, from which 
 copies are made. 
 
 Through contemplation's opticks I have seen 
 Him, who IS fairer than the sons of men ; 
 'J!|'e source of good, the light arc/ie(upo/. ' i\Vre. 
 
 ARCHEUS. n. s. [probably," from u^pn, 
 chief power.] A word by which Para- 
 celsus seems to have meant a power, 
 that presides over the animal oeconomy^ 
 distinct from the rational soul. 
 
 Archidia'conal. adj. [from archidia- 
 conu.i, Lat. an archdeacon.] Belongino- 
 to an archdeacon ; as, tliis offence ts 
 liable to be censured in an archidia- 
 conal visitation. 
 
 Archiepiscopal. adj. [from arch icpis 
 copus, Lat. an archbishop.] Beloiiein"- 
 to an archbishop ; as, Canterbury is' an 
 archiepiscopal see; the suffragans are 
 subject to arf/aV;;i;rco//a/ jurisdiction 
 
 A'RCHITECT. n. s. [architeclm, Lat.] 
 
 1. A professor of the art of building. 
 The architect's glory consists in the-designraent 
 
 and idea of the work"; his ambition should be, to 
 make the form trium|ili over the matter. Wot'tou. 
 
 2. A contriver of a building; a builder. 
 The hasty multitude 
 
 Admiring enter'd ; and the work some praise. 
 And some the architect : his hand was known ' 
 Jn lieav'n, by many a tow'red structure hic»h ; 
 W here scepter'd angels held then- residence, 
 And sat as princes. Milton 
 
 3. The contriver or former of any com- 
 pound body. 
 
 This inconvenience the divine architect of the 
 body obviated. Bay „ii the Creation. 
 
 4. The contriver of any thing. 
 
 An irreligious -Moor, 
 Chief arc/ij'fccf and plotter of these woes. Shakesp 
 
 Archite'ctive. adj. [from architect.] 
 That performs the works of architecture. 
 How could the bodies of many of them, par- 
 ticularly the last mentioned, be" furnished with 
 architective materials ? Derh. Physico-Thcoloiry. 
 
 .Vrchitecto'nick. adj. [from a'^p^r, 
 cliief, and Tlxrut an artificer.] That, 
 which has the ])o^ver or skill of an archi- 
 tect ; that, which can build or form any 
 thing. 
 
 To say, that some more fine part of either, or 
 all the hypostalical principle, is the architect of 
 this elaborate structure ; is to give occasion to de- 
 mand, what proportion of the tria prima afforded 
 
 ARC 
 
 tYisnrchileclonick spirit, and what agent made so 
 skilliil and happy a mixture. Baule 
 
 Architecture. «. s. \ archil ectur a, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 . The art or science of building. 
 
 Architecture is divided into ciiil archilcrtnre, 
 called by nay of eminence architecture; mditary 
 arctiUecture, or fortilication ; and naval urchUec- 
 ture, which, besides building of ships and vesse-ls 
 includes also ports, moles, dock's, &-c. Chambus'. 
 
 Our fathers next, in architecture skill'd. 
 Cities for use, and forts for safely build : 
 Then jialaces and lofty domes arose ; 
 These for devotion, and for pleasure those. 
 a n^i, IT ^lackmpTe. 
 
 2. Ihe effect or performance of the 
 science of building. 
 
 Tlie formation of the first earth being a piece 
 of divine arcAiieclure, ascribed to a particula pro- 
 vidence. Burnet's Theoh'.ry. 
 A RCHItrave. n. s. [from d^x^ chief, and 
 irabs, Lat. a beam ; because it is sup- 
 posed to represent the principal beam in 
 timber buildings.] That part of a co- 
 lumn, or order of a column, which lies 
 immediately upon the capital, and is the 
 lowest member of the entablature. This 
 member is different in the different or- 
 ders ; and, in building architrave doors 
 and windows, the workman frequently 
 follows his own fancy. The architrave 
 is sometimes called the reason piece, or 
 master-beam, in timber buildings ; as 
 porticos, cloysters, iVc- In chimnies, 
 it is called th.c mantle-piece ; atid over 
 jambs of doors, and lintels of windows, 
 hyperthyron. Builder's Diet. 
 The materials, laid over this pillar, were of 
 wood ; through the lightness whereof, the archv- 
 trave could not suffer, nor the column ilself, be. 
 iii» so substantial. Wotton's Architecture. 
 
 Westward a pompous frontispiece a|ipear'd 
 On Dorick pillars of while marble rear'd, 
 Crown'd with an archilraic of antique mold. 
 And sculpture rising on the roughen'd gold. Pope. 
 
 A'rchives. n. s. without a sins;ulur', 
 [archiva, Lat.] The places, v.hei-e re- 
 cords or ancient writings are kept. It 
 is perhaps sometimes used for the writ- 
 ings themselves. 
 
 Thou'di we think, our words vanish with tlie 
 breath tliat utters them ; yet they become records 
 in God's court, and are laid up In his archins, as 
 wiUiesses either for or against us. Gov. of the 'Tong. 
 I shall now only look a little into the Mosaic 
 archives, to observe what they furnish us with, 
 upon this subject. IVoudunrd. 
 
 A'rchwise. adn. [from arch and wise.] 
 In tlie form of an arch. 
 
 The court of arches, so called ab arcuata ecclesia, 
 or from Bow church, by reason of the steeple or 
 clochier thereof, raised a"t the top n ith stone pillars, 
 in fashion of a bow bent archwise. AylijI'e's Purer. 
 
 Arci'tenent. adj. [arcile?itns, Lat.] 
 
 Bow-bearing. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Arcta'tion. n. s. [from aicto to 
 straiten.] Straitening; confinement to 
 a narrower compass. 
 
 A'rctick. n. s. [from a^>^^ a beai*, the 
 northern constellation.] Northern lying 
 under the Arctos, or bear. See Artick, 
 
 Ever during snows, perpetual shades 
 Of darkness, w ould congeal their livid blood ; 
 Did not the arctick tract spontaneous yield 
 A cheering purple berry, big with w inc. Philips, 
 
 Arctick Circle. The circle, at which 
 the noithem frigid zone begins, 
 
 103
 
 A R n 
 
 A'rcuate. adj. [arcnatus, Lat.] Bent 
 in the fomi of an arcli. 
 
 Tiic cau^of till' confusion \n sounds, and the 
 inconfubion of species visible, is for that, the 
 sight worketh in right lines ; but sounds, that move 
 in oblif)ue and arcuate lines, must needs encounter 
 and disturb the one the other. JJ(/ei>n's A'ttf. Hist. 
 In the gullet, where it i)erforatelh the midriJf, 
 the carneous fibres arc infecteti and arcuate, 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 A'rcuatile. adj. [from arcuate.'] Bent: 
 inflected. Diet. 
 
 Arcua'tion. «. .?. [from arcuafc.] 
 
 1 . The act of bending any thing ; incurva- 
 tion. 
 
 2. The state of being bent; curvity, or 
 crookedness. 
 
 3. [In gardening.] The method of raising 
 by layers sucli trees, as cannot be raised 
 from seed, or that bear no seed ; as the 
 elm, lime, alder, willow: and is so called, 
 from bending down to the ground the 
 brandies, which spring from the off-sets 
 or stools after they are planted. Cliamb. 
 
 A'rcuatuee. n.s. \circualura,\ov{Lat.'\ 
 The bending or curvature of an arch. 
 
 Diet. 
 Arcuba'lister. n.s. [fromfl7T!/s, a bow, 
 and baliata an engine.] A crossbow-man. 
 King John was espied, by a very good arcitha- 
 lister ; who said, that he would soon dispatch the 
 cruel tyrant. God forbid, vile varlet, quoth the 
 earl, that we should procure the death of the holy 
 one of God. Camden's Remnhi's. 
 
 Ard. [Saxon.] Signifies natural disposi- 
 tion ; as, Goddard, is a divine temper ; 
 Rcinard, a sincere temper ; Giffard, a 
 bountiful and liberal disposition ; Ber- 
 nard, filial affection. Gibson's Camden. 
 Ardency, n. s. [from ardent.] Ardour; 
 eagerness ; warmth of affection. 
 
 Accepted our prayers shall be, if qualified with 
 liumility, and urdiiicij, and perseverance, so far 
 as concerns the end immediate to them. 
 
 Hammond^s Pract. Catechism. 
 The ineffable happiness of onr dear Redeemer 
 must needs bring an increase to our's, commen- 
 surate to the ardencu of our love for him. Btiy/e. 
 
 A'RDEN r. adj. [ardcns, Lat. burnuig.] 
 
 1 . Hot ; burning ; fier)'. 
 
 Chymists observe, that vegetables (as lavender, 
 rue, inarjoram,&.c.) distilled before fermentation, 
 yield Ills without any burning spirits ; but, after 
 fermentation, yield ardent spirits without oils : 
 V liich shews that the oil is, by fermentation, con- 
 verted into spirit. Keulon's Optichs. 
 
 2. Fierce ; vehement ; having the appear- 
 ance or quality of fire. 
 
 A knight of swarthy face. 
 High on a cold black steed, pursued the chace ; 
 Wfth flashing flames his ardent eyes were fiU'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Passionate; affectionate; used gene- 
 rally of desire. 
 
 Another nyiiiph with fatal pow'r may rise. 
 To damp the" sinking beams of Caslia's eyes ; 
 A\ ith haughty pride may hear her charms confest. 
 And scorn iheardcnt vows tiiat 1 have blest. Prior. 
 A'rdently. adv. [from ardent.] 
 Eagerly ; affectionately. 
 
 With true zeal may our hearts he most ardcnttu 
 inilamcd to our religion. Si>rall's Sermons. 
 
 Ardour, n.s. [ardor, Lat. heat.] 
 1. Heat. 
 
 .Toy, like a ray of the sun, reflects with a greater 
 fli-iiiiiir and quickness, when it rebounds upon a 
 man from the breast of liis friend. Soutit 
 
 ARE 
 
 2. Heat of affecdon; as, love, desire, 
 courage. 
 
 Tiie soldiers shout aromid with ^en'rous rage ; 
 He prais'd their ardour, inly pleas d to see 
 His host. _ _ Dryden. 
 
 I'nuiov'd the mind of Ithacus remain'd. 
 And the vain ardouj-s of our love restrain'd. Poj}e. 
 
 3. The person ardent or brigiit. This is 
 only used by Milton. 
 
 Nor delay 'd the winged saint, 
 After his charge receiv'd ; but, from amon» 
 Thousand celestial ardours, where he stood 
 Vcil'd iv ith his gorgeous wings, up-springing li!;ht, 
 Flew thro" the iiiid'st of heav'n. Paradise toft. 
 
 Ardu'ity. 71. s. \iron\ arduous.] Height; 
 difficulty. Diet. 
 
 ARDUOUS, adj. [arduus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Lofty ; hard to climb. 
 
 High on Parnassus' top lier sons she sliow'd, 
 And pointed out those arc/uous paths they trod. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Difficult. 
 
 It was a means, to bring hira up in tlic school 
 of arts and policy ; and so to fit him fur that 
 great and arduous employment, that God designer/ 
 him to. South. 
 
 A'kdvousness. n. s, [from arduous.] 
 
 Height ; difficulty. 
 Are. The pliu-al of the present tense of 
 
 the verb to be ; as, young men arc rash, 
 
 old are cautious. 
 ARE. ox Alamire, The lowest note but 
 
 one in Guidons scale of musick. 
 
 Gamut I am, the ground of all accord. 
 Are to plead Hortensio's passion ; 
 
 B mi Bianca take him fur thy lord, 
 C faut, that loves with all affection. Shakc^. 
 
 A'rea. n, s. [Latin.] 
 
 1. The sui-face, contained between any 
 lines or boundaries. 
 
 The area of a triangle is found, by knowing 
 the height and the base. Waits' sLogkk. 
 
 2, Any open surface, as, the floor of a 
 room ; the open part of a church ; the 
 vacant part or stage of an amphitheatre. 
 An inclosed place, as lists, or a bowling- 
 green, or grass-plot. 
 
 Lei us conceive a tloor or area of goodly length, 
 witii the breadtli somewhat more than half the 
 loiigitude. Wotton. 
 
 The Alban lake is of an ova! figure; and, by 
 reason of the high mountains that encompass it, 
 looks like the area of some vast amphitheatre. 
 
 Addison. 
 In areas vary'd witliMosaick art, 
 Some ■whirl the disk, and some the jav'Iin dart. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 ToAre'ad, or Are'ed. x\ a, [ajieban. 
 
 Sax. to counsel.] To advise; to direct. 
 
 Knights and ladies getitle deeds ; 
 Whose praises having slept in silence long, 
 
 Me, all too meane, the sacred muse arceds 
 To blazon broad. Fairii Queen. 
 
 But mark, what I arcad tliee now. Avant ! 
 Fly thither, whence tliou fled'st ! If from this hour 
 A\ ithiu these hallow 'd limits thou appear. 
 Back to th' infernal pit I drag thee chain'd. 
 
 ParadUe Lost. 
 
 Are'faction. ??. 5. [arefacio, Lat. to 
 dry,] The state cf growing dry ; the 
 act of drying. 
 
 From them, and their motions, principally pro- 
 ceed aref'action, and most of the effects of nature. 
 
 Bacon . 
 
 To A'refy. t'. a. [arefacio, Lat. to dry.] 
 To dry ; to exhaust of moisture. 
 Heat drieth bodies, that do easily expire, as 
 
 parchment, leaves, roots, clay, ^c.'and so doth 
 time or age arcfi/, as iu the same bodies, ^c. 
 
 Bacon's Kat. Hht. 
 
 A R G 
 
 Arenaceol'S. adj. [arena, Lat. sand.] 
 Sandy ; having the qualities of sand. 
 
 A piece of the stone of the same mines, of a 
 yellowish broM u colour, an arcmiceous friable sub- 
 stance, and with some white soar mixed with it. 
 }\'oodu:ard on t'ouiU. 
 
 Arenation. 71. s. [from arena, Lat. 
 sand.] Is used by some physicians for a 
 sort of dry bath, when the patient sits 
 with his feet upon hot sand. Diet. 
 
 Areno'se. adj. [from arena, Lat.] 
 Sandy ; full of sand . Diet. 
 
 Are'ni'Lous. adj. [from arenula, Lat. 
 sand.] Full of small sand ; gravelly. 
 
 Areo'tick. adj. [ijaisTiza.] Attenuents; 
 applied to medicines that dissolve visci- 
 dities ; so that the morbifick matter may 
 be carried off, by sweat or insensible 
 perspiration. Diet. 
 
 Aretology. n. s. [from d^n^r) virtue, 
 and Xiyu to discourse.] That part of 
 moral philosophy, which treats of vir- 
 tue, its nature, and the means of arriv- 
 ing at it. Diet. 
 
 A'RGAL. n. s. Hard lees, sticking to the 
 sides of wine vessels ; more commonly 
 called tartar. Diet. 
 
 A'RGENT. adj [from argcn(vm,\ja.\.. silver.] 
 
 1. The white colour used in tlie coats of 
 gentlemen, knights, and baronets; sup- 
 posed to be the representation of that 
 metal. 
 
 Rinaldo flings 
 As swift, as flery lightning kindled new ; 
 His argent eaglet ^vlth her silver wings 
 In iield of azure, fair Erininia knew. Foirjar. 
 
 In an argent field, the god of war 
 Was drawn triumphant on his iron car. Dryden. 
 
 2. Silver; bright like silver. 
 
 Those argent fields more likely habitants, 
 Translated saints, or niidtile sj>irits, hold. 
 Betwixt th' angelical and human kind. Milton. 
 
 Or ask of yonder argent fields ahox'e. 
 Why Jove's satellites are less than Jox-e? Pope. 
 
 Argexta'tion. M.S. [from «>-£-fH/H»j, 
 Lat. silver.] An overlaying with silxer. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 A'kgentine. adj. [argentin, Fr.] 
 Sounding like silver. Diet. 
 
 A'rgil. n. s. [argilla, Lat.] Potters clay ; 
 a fat soft kind of earth, of which vessels 
 are made. 
 
 Argillaceous, adj. [from argil.] 
 Clayey ; partaking of the nature of ar- 
 gil ; consisting of argil or potters cla}-. 
 
 Argi'llous. adj. [from or^iV.] Consist- 
 ing of clay ; clayish ; containing clay. 
 
 Albuquerque derives this redness, from the sand 
 andar^i/iVus earth at the bottom. Broun s Vut. Err. 
 
 A'rgosy. 71. s. [derived by Fope from 
 Argo, the name of Jason's ship ; sup- 
 posed b_v others to be a vessel of Ragusa, 
 or Ragosa, a Ras^ozine, corrupted.] A 
 large vessel for merchandize ; a caiTack. 
 
 Your mind is tossing on the oce.'ui ; 
 There, where your ar^osiVs with portly sail. 
 Like signiors and ricli burehers on the floed, 
 Do ovei-peer the pettv traiiickers. Shahap, 
 
 To A'KGUE. r. 71.' [arguo. Lat.] 
 1. To reason ; to offer reasons. 
 
 1 know, your majesty has always lov'd her 
 So dear in heart, not to deny herii what 
 A xvoman of less place migtit ask by law : 
 Scholars, allow' "d ircely to or^ue for her, Shaketp. 
 
 103
 
 A R G 
 
 Publick arguiDg oft serves not only lo exaspe- 
 rate the minds, but to whet the wits of hcrei icks. 
 Decay of Piett/. 
 An idea of motion, not passing on, woVilcl per- 
 plex an^' one, wlio should argue from such an idea 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To persuade by argument. 
 
 It is a sort of poetical logiclt, which I would 
 make use of, to argue you into a protection of 
 this play. Cotigreix^s Ded. to Old Butchtlor. 
 
 3. To dispute ; with the particles ivilh or 
 against before the opponent, and 
 against before the thing opposed. 
 
 \Vh_v do Christians, of several persuasions, so 
 
 fiercely argue against the salvabililj of each other ? 
 
 Decau of Pictu- 
 
 He, that by often arguing against his own sense, 
 imposes falsehoods on others, is not far from be- 
 lieving himself. Locke. 
 
 1 do not see, how they can argue with any one, 
 ■wiihout setting down strict boundaries. Locke. 
 
 To Argue, c a. 
 
 1. To prove any thing by argument. 
 
 If the world's age and death be argued well, 
 Bv the sun's fall, which now towards earth doth 
 bend ; 
 
 Then » e might fear, that virtue (since she fell 
 So low as woman) should be near her end. Domie. 
 
 2. To debate any qtiestion; as, to argue 
 a cause. 
 
 3. To prove, as an argument. 
 
 So many laws argue so many sins 
 Among them : how can God with such reside ? 
 
 Milton. 
 It argues distemper of the mind as well as of 
 tile body «hen a man is continually tossing fnmi 
 one side to the other. ^ South, 
 
 This argues a virtue and disposition in those 
 sides of the rays, which aiiswers to that virtue and 
 disposition of "the chrystal. Neuton's Opticks. 
 
 4. To charge with, as a crime: with of 
 
 I have pleaded guilty, to all thoughts and ex- 
 pressions of mine, which can be truly argued of 
 obscenity, profaueness, or immorality ; and re- 
 tract them. Driiden's fables. 
 
 The accidents are not the same, which would 
 have argued him of' a servile cojjying, and total 
 barremiess of invention ; yet the seas were the 
 same. Drudens Fables. 
 
 A'rguer. n. s. [from arguc.'^ A rea- 
 soner ; a disputer ; a controvertist. 
 
 J\Icn are ashamed to be proselytes to a weak 
 arguer, as thinking, they must part with their re- 
 putation as well as their sin. Decay o/' Piety. 
 
 Neither good Christians, nor good argucrs. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 A'rgument. n. s. [argumtnium, Lat.] 
 1. A reason alleged,for or against anything. 
 We sometimes see, on our theatres, vice re- 
 warded, at least unpunished ; yet it ought not to 
 be an argument against the art. Dryden. 
 
 When any thing is proved by as good argumentSf 
 as that thingis capable of, supposing it were ; we 
 ou^ht not iu reason, to make any doubt of the 
 existence of that thing. Tdlotson. 
 
 Our authors two great and only arguments to 
 prove, that heirs are lords over their brethren. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 52. The subject of any discourse or writing. 
 
 That she, whoev'n but now was 3"our best object, 
 
 Your praise's argument, balm of your age, 
 
 Dearest and best. Shakesji. King Lear. 
 
 To the height of this great argument, 
 I may assert eternal providence, 
 Aud'justify the ways of tjod to man. Milton. 
 
 Sad task ! yet argument 
 Not less, but more heroick, than the wrath 
 Of stern Acliilles. Milton. 
 
 A much longer discourse, my argument requires ; 
 your merciful dispositions, a much shorter, hjn-utt. 
 
 3. The contents of any work, summed up 
 by way of abstract. 
 
 The argument of the work, that is, its princi- 
 pal action, the ceconomy and disposition of it, 
 are the things, which distinguish copies from 
 
 , oria'uials. Vruden. 
 
 A R I 
 
 i. A controversy. 
 
 This day, in t/rgi/mfnf upon a case, 
 Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 An argument, that fell out last night, where 
 
 each of us fell in praise of our country misiresses. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymhel'ne. 
 
 If the idea be not agreed on, betwixt the 
 
 speaker and bearer ; the argument is not ahout 
 
 things, but narjies. Locke. 
 
 5. It has sometimes the particle in before 
 the thing to be proved, but generally for. 
 
 The best moral argument tn patience, in my 
 opinion, is the advantage of patience itself. Tillot. 
 
 This, before that revelation had enlightened 
 the world, was the very best argumeiitfor a future 
 stale. Atterbury. 
 
 6. [In astronomy.] An arch by wliich we 
 seek another unknown arcli, propor- 
 tional to tlie first. Chambers. 
 
 Argume'ntal. adj. [from argument.] 
 Belonging to argument : reasoning. 
 
 Afflicted sense tl)OU kindly dost set free, 
 Oppress'd with argumental tyranny ; 
 And routed reason tinds a safe retreat in thee. Pope. 
 Argumen'ta'tion. n. s. [from argu- 
 ment.] Reasoning ; the act of reasoning. 
 
 Argumentation is that operation of the mind, 
 whereby we infer one proposition, from two or 
 more propositions premised : or it is the drawing 
 a conclusion, w Inch before was unknown or doubt- 
 ful, from some propositions more known and evi- 
 dent ; so, when we have judged, that matter can- 
 not think, and that the mind of man doth think ; 
 we conclude, that tlierefore the mind of man is 
 not matter. _ _ ll'utts'.s Logick. 
 
 I suppose, it is no ill topick of argumentation, 
 to shew the prevalence of contempt, by the con- 
 trary inlluences of respect. South. 
 
 Ills thoughts must be masculine, full of argu- 
 mentation, Hiid that sufliclenlly warm. Dryd. 
 
 The whole course of his argumentation conies to 
 nothing. Addison. 
 
 Argume'ntative. adj. [fi-om urgu- 
 mail.] 
 
 1. Consisting of argument ; containing 
 argument. 
 
 "i'liis omission (considering the bounds, with 
 which the argumentative part of my discourse 
 was confined) I could not aA old. Atterbury. 
 
 2. Sometimes with of, but rarely. 
 Another thin", argumeutatire of Providence, is 
 
 that pappous pfumage, growing upon the tops of 
 some seeds ; whereby they are wai'ted with tl-.e 
 wind, and dissemiiiaied far and wide. Euy. 
 
 S. Applied to persons, disputations; dis- 
 posed to controversy. 
 
 A'rgute. adj. [argii/o, Ital. argutus Lat.] 
 
 1. Subtle ; witty ; sharp. 
 
 2. Shrill. 
 
 A'RIA. n.s. [Ital. in musick.] An air, 
 
 song, or tune. 
 A'rid. adj. [aridus, Lat. dry.] Dry ; 
 parched up. 
 
 I\Iv complexion is become adust, and my bod^' 
 arid ^ by visiting lands. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 His harden'd lingers deck the gaudy spring ; 
 AVithout him summer were an and waste. Thorns. 
 .^ri'dity. n. s. [from arid.] 
 
 1. Dryness; siccity. 
 
 Saft, taken in great quantities, will reduce an 
 animal body to the great exlremity of aridity or 
 dryness. .Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. In the theological sense, a kind of in- 
 sensibility in devotion, contrary to unc- 
 tion or tenderness. 
 
 Strike mv soul with lively apprehensions of 
 thy excellencies, to bear up my spirit under the 
 greatest aridities and dejections, wiih the delight- 
 ful prospect of thy glories. Karris. 
 
 ARIES, n. s. [Lat.] The ram ; one of 
 
 A R I 
 
 the twelve signs of the zodiac ; the first 
 vernal sign. 
 
 At last from ,-lnfs rolls the bounteous sun, 
 And the bright bull receives him. Thomson. 
 
 To Ari'etate. v. n. [aricfo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To butt like a ram. 
 
 2. To strike in imitation of the biovys, 
 wliich rams give with their heads. 
 
 Arieta'tion. n. s [from arictati-.] 
 
 1. The act of butting like a ram. 
 
 2. The act of battering with an engine 
 called a ram. 
 
 The strength of the percussion, wherein ordi- 
 nance do exceed all arietatiojis and ancient inven- 
 tions. Bacon, 
 
 3. The act of striking or conflicting in 
 general. 
 
 Now those heterogeneous atoms, by them- 
 selves, hit so exactly into thf ir proper residence, 
 in the midst of such tumultuary motions and 
 arietations of other particles. Glunciilc. 
 
 ARIETTA, n.s. [Ital. in musick.] A 
 
 short air, song, or tune. 
 Ari'ght. adv. [from a and rig/il.] 
 
 1. Rightly; without mental errour. 
 
 How him I lov'd, and love wilh all mj mighj ; 
 
 So thouglit I eke of him, and think I thought 
 
 aright. Spenser. 
 
 Tliese were thy thoughts, and thou could'st 
 
 judge aright. 
 
 Till interest made a jaundice in thy sight. Dryd. 
 
 The iiKitions of the tongue are so easy, and so 
 
 subtle, tliat you can hardly conceive or distiu- 
 
 gviish tliein aright. Holder. 
 
 2. Right I}- ; without crime. 
 
 A generation, that set not their heart aright. 
 
 Psiilms, 
 
 3. Ri";htly; without failing of the end 
 designed. 
 
 Guardian of groves, and goddess of the night, 
 Fair ynecn, he said, direct my dart might. Dryd. 
 
 Ariol.Vtion, or Hariola'tion. n.s. 
 /icriolus, Lat. a soothsayer.] Sooth- 
 saying; vaticination. 
 
 The priests of el. ler time deluded their appre- 
 hensions with ariolation, soothsaying, and such 
 oblique idolatries. Brmti. 
 
 ARIOSO, ti.s. [Ital. in musick.] The 
 movement of a common air, song, or 
 tune. Diet. 
 
 To Ari'se. v. n. pret. arose, particip. 
 arisen, [from a and rise.] 
 
 1. To mount upward, as the sun. 
 
 He rose, and looking up, beheld tl'.e skies 
 With purple blushing, and the day arise. Dryd. 
 
 2. To get u|), as from sleep, or from rest. 
 
 So Esdras <iri.se up, and said unto them, ye have 
 transgressed the law. 1 Esd. ix. 7. 
 
 How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard ? \\ hen 
 wilt ihou arise out ol thy sleep ? " Prov. \i. 9. 
 
 3. To come into view, as from obscurity. 
 There shall arisefalseClirists and false prophets. 
 
 Matt. %\\v. 
 
 4. To revive from death. 
 
 Thy dead uicn shall live ; together with my 
 body', shall they arise. Awake arid sing, ye that 
 dwell iu dust ! Isaiah, xxvi. 19. 
 
 5. To proceed, or have its original. 
 They, which were scattered abroad upon the 
 
 persecution that arose about Stephen, travelled 
 
 as far as Phoenice. .-icts, xi. 19. 
 
 I know nut, what mischief may arise hereafter 
 
 from the example of such an innovation. Dryden. 
 
 6. To enter upon a new station, to suc- 
 ceed to power or office. 
 
 Another Mary then arose. 
 And did rig'roiis laws impose. Cowley. 
 
 7. 'i'o commence hostility. 
 
 .'iiid, when he arose against me, I caught him 
 by his beard, and smote him. 1 Sam. ivii. ii. 
 
 in
 
 A R :\i 
 
 For the various senses of this word, 
 see Rise, 
 ARISTOCRACY. «. s. [S,^>r^ greatest, 
 and K^ariii to govern.] That form of 
 government, whicli places tlie supreme 
 power in the nobles, without a king, 
 and exclusively of the people. 
 
 Tlie aristacracu of Venice hath admitted so many 
 abuses throuijli the degeneracy of the nobles, tliat 
 tJie jieriod of its duration seems to approach. Stiijt. 
 Aristocra'tical. 1 adj. [from aristo- 
 Aristocra'tick. J craci/.] Relating 
 to aristocracy ; including a fo.ni of go- 
 vernment by the nobles. 
 
 Ockham distinsiuishcs, that the papacy, or ec 
 clesiastical monarchy, may be changed in an ex- 
 traordinary manner, "for some time, into an arir^lo- 
 craticai form of government. A\il[^€. 
 
 Aristocra'ticalness. n.s. [from fljix- 
 tocraticul.] An aristocratical sf-te. Diet. 
 
 ARI'THMA^"CY. n. s. [from a^iC/.4oj num- 
 ber, and ftatTii* divination.] .\ fore- 
 telling future events by numbers. Diet. 
 
 Arithmetical, adj. [from arit/onetick] 
 According to the rules or method of 
 arithmetick. 
 
 The principlesof bodies may be infinitely small, 
 r.ot only beyond all naked or assisted sense, bul 
 beyond all ar'uhmeucal operation or conception. 
 
 Grew. 
 The squares of the diameters of these rings, made 
 by any prisniatiek colour, were in arithmetical pro- 
 gression, as iu the tifth observation. ^eicton. 
 
 Arithme'tically. adv. [from nrithmifi 
 c«/.] In an arithmetical manner; accord- 
 ing to the principles of arithmetick. 
 
 Though the fifth part of a »cs'es, being a simple 
 fraction, and arithnitlicaUy itz^V'xr ; it is yet no pro- 
 per part of that measure. Arbnthiwt on Cvins. 
 
 Arithmetician, n. s [from arithme- 
 tick.] A master of the art of numbers. 
 
 A man had need be a good ayiihmrtician, to 
 understand this autlior's works. His description 
 runs on tike a inul ipiicatioii table. Adaistm. 
 
 ARITHMETICK. n. s. [i^,Q^il, number, 
 and j/.ir^iu to measure.] 1 he science ol' 
 numbers ; the art of computation. 
 
 On fair ground I could beat furty of them ; 
 But now 'tis odds beyond ari(/»«t:rf/;. Shak. Coriol. 
 
 The christian religion, according to^the apos- 
 tles arithmetick^ hath but tbese three parts of it ; 
 sobriety, justice, religion. Taylor. 
 
 A'rk. It. s. [tirca, Lat. a chest.] 
 
 1. A vessel, to swim upon the water ; usu 
 ally ajjplied to tliat, in which Noah was 
 preserved from the universal deluge. 
 
 JIake thee an ark of gopher wood : rooms shall 
 thou make iu the ark, and shalt pitch it within 
 and without. Genem. 
 
 The onejust man alive, by his command. 
 Shall build a wond'rous ark, as thou beheld'st. 
 To save himself and household, frum amidst 
 A world devote to universal wreck. Milton. 
 
 2. The repository of the covenant of God 
 with the Jews. 
 
 This coti'er was of shittim wood, covered with 
 
 {)lates or leaves of gold, being two cubits and a 
 lalf in lenath, a cubit and a half wide, and a cu- 
 bit and a lialf hi"h. It had two rings of gold on 
 each side, through which tlie staves were put for 
 carrying it : upon the top of it was a kind of gold 
 crow II, all around it ; and two cherubim were fas- 
 tened lo the cover : it contained the two tables of 
 stone, "ritien by the hand of God. Catmet. 
 
 A'RM. n.s. [eapm, eopm, !Sax.] 
 
 1 . The limb, which reaches from the hand 
 
 to the shoulder. 
 If I have lilt up my hand against the fatherless. 
 
 when I saw my help in the ^ate ; then let mine 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A R :m 
 
 arm fal! from inv shouKler- blade, and mine arm 
 be broken fnnn the bonp. Jo'j. 
 
 Like htlplcss friends, who view from sliore 
 
 The Iiib'rini; ship, and hear llie tempest roar ; 
 So stu'id ihey, with their arms across. Dryden. 
 
 2. I'he bough of a tree. 
 
 The trees spread oal theircrms.to shade her face; 
 But she on elbow lean'd. S'niney. 
 
 \\ here tlie tall oak his spreading arms entwines. 
 And with the bt-ecli a mutual ^hade combines. Cay. 
 
 3. All inlet of water from the sea. 
 Fidi in the centre of the sacrt'd wood, 
 
 An am ariseth of the Stygian flood. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 \\ e iiave yet seen hut an arm of this sea uf 
 
 beauty. Morris. 
 
 4. Power; might. Id this sense is used 
 the secular arm, &a 
 
 Cursed be the man, that trusteth in man. and 
 maketh flesh his arm; and whose heart deparleih 
 from the Lord. Jer. xvii. 5. 
 
 O God, thy arm was here ! 
 And not to us, but to thy arm alone. 
 Ascribe we all. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 A'rm's end. n. s, A phrase, taken from 
 boxing; in which the weaker man may 
 overcome the stronger, if he can keep 
 him from closing. 
 
 Sucli a one, as can keep him at ami's eiid, need 
 never wish for a better companion. Sidntii'sArotd. 
 
 For my sake be comfortable : hold death a while 
 at the arm's end. Shakespeare. 
 
 In the same sense is used arm's tthgih. 
 
 To A'RM. V. a. [armo^ Lat.] 
 
 1. To furnish with armour of defence, or 
 weapons of offence. 
 
 And, wlien Abram heard, that his brother was 
 taken caplivc ; lie armed his trained servants, burn 
 in his o\\n house, three hundred and eighteen; 
 and pursued them unto Dan. Genesis. 
 
 True conscious honour is, to feel no ?in ; 
 He's ana'd withuut, that's innocent within. Pope. 
 
 2. To plate with any thing, that may add 
 strength. 
 
 Their wounded steeds 
 Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 3. To furnish ; to fit up; as, to arm a 
 loadstone, is to case it with iron. 
 
 You must arm your hook, with the line in the 
 inside of it. Waltcm's Angler. 
 
 Having wasted the callus, I left otV those tents ; 
 and dressed it with others, armed with digestives. 
 
 4. To provide against. 
 
 His servant arm'd against such coverture, 
 Repurted unto ail, that he was sure 
 A nuble neniieman of high regard. Spenser. 
 
 To A'K-M. t', 71. To take arms; to be 
 fitted with arms. 
 
 Think we king Harry strong ; 
 And, princes, look you strongly arm to meet him. 
 
 Shake.^^eare. 
 
 ARMADA, n. s, [Span, a fleet of war.] 
 An armament for sea; a fleet of war. It 
 is often erroneously speit armado. 
 
 In all the mid-earlh seas was left no road, 
 \yhercin the pagan his bold head imtwines ; 
 
 Spread was '.he huge armado w ide and broad, 
 From Venice, Genes, and towns which them con- 
 fine. Fahfax. 
 
 So bv a roaring tempest on the flood, 
 A whole armarfo of collected sail 
 Is scauer'd, and disjoined from fellowship. Shakes. 
 
 At length, resolvd i' assert the wat'ry ball, 
 He in iiimself did whole armados bring i 
 
 Him aged seamen might their master call. 
 And* hose for gener:d,were he not their king. Dnjd. 
 AUMAD! LLO.n.s, [Spanish] A four 
 footed animal of Brazil, as bier as a cat; 
 with a snout, like a hog; a tail, like a 
 lizard; and feet like a hedge-hog. He 
 is armed all over with hard scales like 
 
 A R M 
 
 armour, whence he takes h.h name ; and 
 retires under them, like the tortoise. IJe 
 lives in holes, or in the uater. Ix/inf of 
 the amphibious kind. His stales are of 
 a bony or cartilajjinous stibstance ; but 
 they are easily pierced. Tliis animal 
 hides himself a thin! part of tlie year, 
 under ground. He feeds upon roots, su- 
 gar-canes, fruits, and poultry. W heti he 
 is caught, he draws up his feet and head 
 to his l)elly, antl rolls himself up in a ball, 
 which tlie strongest hand cannot open ; 
 and he must be brought near the fire, 
 before he will shew his nose. His flesh 
 is white, fat, tender; and more delicate, 
 than that of a sucking pig. 'Irtroux. 
 
 A'rm.\ment. n. .V. [nrmnmintum, Lat.] 
 A force equipped for war; generally 
 used of a naval force. 
 
 Arm.ame'tary. n. s. [armamentarium, 
 Lat.] An armoury; a magazine or arse- 
 nal of warlike implements. Diet. 
 
 A'kman. 71. s. A confection for restoring 
 appetite in horses. Diet. 
 
 A'rmatire. n s. [armatura, Lat.] 
 
 1. Armour; somethingtodefend the body 
 from hurt. 
 
 Others should be armed with hard shelld ; others 
 with priekles ; the rest, that have no such arma- 
 turc, should be endued willi Lreat swiftness and 
 pernieity, Kai/ on the Creation. 
 
 2. Oti'ensive weapons; less properly. 
 
 The double armature is a more destructive en- 
 gine, than the tumultuary weapon. Decay of Pieljt. 
 
 A'r.med. adj. [in heraldry ] Is used in 
 respect of beasts and birds of pre}-, when 
 their teeth, horns, feet beak, talons, or 
 tusks, are of a different colour from the 
 rest; as, he bears a cock or a falcon 
 armed, or. Chalmers. 
 
 A'rmed Chair, n. s. [fi-om armed and 
 chair.] An elbow chair, or a chair with 
 rests for the arm. 
 
 .Arme'nian Bole. 71. s. A fatty medici- 
 nal kind of earth, of a pale reddish co- 
 lour; which takes its name, from the 
 countr)- of Armenia. 
 
 .\RME'Nt.\N Sto'ne. 11. s. .\ mineral stone 
 or earth of a blue colour, spotted with 
 green, black, and yellow ; anciently 
 brought only from Armenia, but now 
 found in Germany, and the Tyrol It 
 bears a near resemblance to lapis lazuli, 
 from whicli it seetn.s only to differ in de- 
 gree of maturity; it being softer^ and 
 speckled with green instead of geld. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Arme'ntal. 7 adj. [armentalis, or ar- 
 
 A'kmentixe. \ mentinus, I.at.] Be- 
 longing to a drove or herd of cattle. Did. 
 
 Armento'se. adj. [armentosus, Lat] 
 .^bounding witlr cattle. Diit. 
 
 .A'rmg.wnt. adj. [from ann and gaunt.] 
 Slender as the arm. 
 
 So lie nodded, 
 .■\nd soberly did niouut an arrr.gttunt steed. Sliahes. 
 
 Arm-hole. n. *. [from arm and hole.] 
 The cavitj' under the shotdder. 
 
 Tickling is moat in tlie soles of the feet, and un- 
 der the arm-holes, aud on the sides. The cau^c is the 
 
 P 105
 
 ARM 
 
 thinness of the skin in Ibosc parts, julned with the 
 rareness of being touched there. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 Armi'gero[JS. (if/J. [fi'om anniger, Lat. 
 an armour-bearer] Bearing arms. 
 
 A'rmillary. adj. [from armilla, Lat. a 
 bracelet.] Resembling a bracelet. 
 
 When the circles of the mundiine sphere are 
 supposed to be dc>cribcd on the convex surface of 
 a sphere, uhicli is hollow within ; and, after this, 
 you imagine all parts of the sphere's surface to be 
 cut away, except those pails on which such circles 
 are described : then that sphere is called an armil- 
 lary sphere ; because it appears in the form of se- 
 veral circular rmgs, or briicelfis, put together in a 
 due position. Harris's Dcscrijiiion of the Globes. 
 
 A'RMiLLATED. adj, [avmiUaiuSy Lat.] 
 Having bracelets. Diet. 
 
 A'rmings. n. s. [in a ship.] The same 
 witli wasteclothes, beinff clotlies hune: 
 about the outside of the ship's upper- 
 works fore and aft, and before the cub- 
 brige heads. Some are also hung round 
 the tops, called top armings. Chambers, 
 Armi'potence. w. s. [from arma arms, 
 and potcnfia power, Lat.] Power in war. 
 Armi'potent. adJ, [armipotens, Lat.] 
 Powerful in arms ; miglity in war. 
 The manifold linguist, and the armipotent sol- 
 . dier. Shakespeare. 
 
 For, if our God, the Lord a^Tnipotent, 
 Those armed an»els in our aid down send. 
 
 That were at Dalhan (o his prophet sent ; 
 Thou wilt come down with them. Fairfax. 
 
 Beneath the lowVlnti brow, and on a bent, 
 The temple stood of Jlars arnupotent. Vryihn. 
 
 Armi'sonous. adj. \armisonus, Lat.] 
 
 Rustling with armour. 
 A'rmistice. 71. s. [armistilium, Lat.] A 
 
 short truce ; a cessation of arms for a 
 
 short time. 
 A'rmi.et. ?;. s. [from arm.] 
 
 1. A little arm ; as, an armlet of the sea. 
 
 2. A piece of armour for the arm. 
 
 3. A bracelet for the arm. 
 
 And, wlien she takes thy hand, and doth seem 
 kind ; 
 Doth search, what rings and armlets she can find. 
 
 Donne. 
 Every nymph of the flood her tresses rending, 
 Throws ol^' her armlet of pearl in the main. Uryd. 
 
 Armoni'ack. n. s. [erroneously so writ- 
 ten fur ammoniack ] A sort of volatile 
 salt. See Ammoniack. 
 
 Armorer, w. s. [armorier, Fr.] 
 
 1. He that makes armour, or weapons. 
 Now thrive t]ie«r»u)jTr5, and lionour's thought 
 
 Reigns solely in tlie breast of every man. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie armorers make their steel more ton^h and ])li- 
 ant, byaspersionof water and juice of herbs. Bacon. 
 
 The whole division that to iVIars pertains, 
 Alt irailes of death that deal in steel for gains. 
 Were tliere ; the butctier, armorer, and smith, 
 Who forges sharpen'dfauchinns^orthescytiie. Dry. 
 
 When arm'rers temper in the ford. 
 The keen-edg'd pole-ax, or the shining sword ; 
 The red hot metal hisses in tlie lake. Pope. 
 
 2. He that dresses another in armour. 
 
 The armorers, accomplishing the knights, 
 With busy hammers closing nvets up, 
 Give dreadful note of preparation. Shakespeare. 
 
 The morning he was to join battle with Harold, 
 his armorer put on his backpiece before, and his 
 breastplate behind. Camden. 
 
 Akmo'rial. adj. \armorialy Fr.] Belong- 
 ing to the arms or escutcheon of a fa- 
 mily, as ensigns armorial, 
 
 A'rmorist. 71. s. [from aj^mour.'] A 
 person skilled in heraldry. Diet. 
 
 A R O 
 
 A'rmory. n. s. [from armour.] 
 
 1. The place in which arms are reposited 
 for use. 
 
 The sword 
 Of IMichacl, from the armorif of God, 
 Was giv'n him ; temper'd so, that neither keen, 
 Nor solid, miglit resist that edge. Milton. 
 
 With plain heroick magnitude of mind. 
 And celestial vigour arm'd, 
 Their armories and magazines contenms. MUtoji. 
 
 Let a man consider tliese virtues, with the con- 
 trary sins; and then, as out of a full armoru "r 
 magazine, let him furnisli Ins conscience with 
 texts of scripture. South. 
 
 2. Armour; arms of defence. 
 
 Nigh at hand 
 Celestial armory, sliieids, helins, and spears,- 
 Hung higli, with diamond flaming and with gold. 
 
 Slilton. 
 
 3. Ensigns armorial. 
 
 Well worthy be you of that armorit. 
 Wherein you have great glory won tins day. 
 
 Fairij Quec7i. 
 
 A'rmour. w. s. [armateur, Fr. armatura, 
 Lat.] Defensive arms. 
 
 Your friends are up, and buckle on their ar- 
 mour. Shakespeare. 
 
 That they might not go naked among their ene- 
 mies, the only armour that Christ allows them is 
 prudence and iiniocence. South. 
 
 A'rmour bearer, n. s. [from armour 
 and bear.] He that carries the armour 
 of another. 
 
 His armour-bearer first, find next he kill'd 
 His charioteer. Dnjden. 
 
 A'rmpit. 71. s. [from ai^Jii and pit.] The 
 hollow place under the shoulder. 
 
 The handles to these gouges are made so long, 
 tliat the handle niay reach under the armpit of t!ie 
 workman, Mmo/i. 
 
 Others hold their plate nnder the left urmpii, 
 the best situation for keeping it warm. Stvijt. 
 
 Arms, 7i. s. without the singular number, 
 
 [arma, Lat.] 
 
 1. Weapons of offence, or armour of de- 
 fence. 
 
 Those arms, which ]\rars before 
 Had giv'n the vanqnish'd,now thevic tor bore. Pope. 
 
 2. A state of hostility. 
 
 Sir Edward Courtney, and the haughty prelate, 
 With manv more confederates, are in «r77i5. Shakes, 
 
 3. War in general. 
 
 Arms rind the man I sing, Dryden. 
 
 Him Paris folluw'd, to the dire alarms ; 
 Both breathinfi slaughter, botii resolv'd in arms. 
 
 1 ope. 
 
 4. Action ; the act of taking arms. 
 
 Up rose the victor angels, and to arms 
 The matin trumpet sung. Milton. 
 
 The seas, and rocks, and skies rebound. 
 To arms, to anus, to arms! Pope. 
 
 5. The ensigns armorial of a family. 
 A'rmy. 71. s. [flnwtV, Fr.] 
 
 1, A collection of armed men, obliged to 
 obey one man. Locke. 
 
 Number itself importeth not mucli in armies, 
 where the people are of weak courage. Bacon. 
 
 The meanest soldier, that has fought often in 
 an army, has a truer knowledge of war ; than he, 
 that has writ whole volumes, but never was in any 
 battle. SoutL 
 
 The Tuscan leaders and tlieir armt^ sing, 
 Which followed great ^neas to the'war ; 
 Their arms, their numbers, and their names de- 
 clare. Dryden. 
 
 2. A great number. 
 
 The fool hath planted in his memory an fli*mi/ of 
 good words. Shake.<ip. Blerch. of Venice. 
 
 Aroma'tical. adj. [from aromatick.] 
 Spicy; fragrant; high scented. 
 
 All things, that are hot and aromaiiealj do pre- 
 serve ii(juors or powders. Baccn. 
 
 A R Q 
 
 A'ohitile oils refresh tlie auitiial spirits ; but 
 likewise ar ■ endued with ail the bad qtialilies of 
 sueli substances, producing all the eflocts of an 
 oily and aromatkal acrimony. Arbnthnot. 
 
 Aroma'tick. adj. [IVom aroma, Lat. 
 spice.] 
 
 1. Spicy. 
 
 Amidst whole lieaps of spices lights a ball, 
 And now their odours arin'd against them ily : 
 
 Some preciously by sluitlcr'd porcelain fa"ll. 
 And some by aromatich splinters die. Dryden, 
 
 2. I'ragrant ; strong scented. 
 
 Or quick ( tlluvia darting through the brain,' 
 Die of a ruse in aromatick pain. JPepe 
 
 Aroma'ticks. n. s. Spices. 
 
 Tlicy were furnished, for exchange of their arf\' 
 matichi, and other proper commodities. Hateigh. 
 
 Aromatiza'tion. Ji.s. [from aroviatize.'] 
 The mingling of a due proportion of 
 aromatick spices or drugs with any 
 medicine. 
 
 To Aro'matize. v. a. [fi-om arotrni, 
 Lat. spice] 
 
 1. To scent with spices ; to impregnate 
 with spices. 
 
 Drink the tirst cup at supper, hot ; and, half ati 
 hour before su])per, something hot and aromatized, 
 
 Bac(m, 
 
 2. To scent ; to perfimie. 
 
 I'nto converted Jews no man imputeth this 
 unsavoury odour, as thougli aromatized by their 
 conversion. Brown, 
 
 Aro'se. The preterite of the verb arise. 
 
 See Arise. 
 Around, adv. [from a and round.'] 
 
 1. In a circle. 
 
 He shall extend his propagated sway, 
 AA'licre Atlas turns the rowling heav'ns around^ 
 And his broad shoulders with their lights are 
 crown'd. Dryden. 
 
 2. On ever)' side. 
 
 And all above was sky.- ana ocean all around. 
 
 Dryden, 
 Aro'und. prep. About; encircling, so 
 as to encom])ass. 
 
 From young liilus' head 
 A lambent flame arose, which gently spread 
 Around his brows, and on his temples fed. Dryd, 
 
 To Aro'use. V, a. [from a and rouse.] 
 
 1 . To wake from sleep. 
 
 How loud huNvling wolves arouse the jades, 
 That drag the tragic melancholy night. iihakesp. 
 
 2. To raise up ; to excite. 
 
 But absent, what fantastick woes armis'd 
 Rage in each thought, by restless musing fed ; 
 Chili the warm cheek, and blast the bloom of life. 
 
 Thomson. 
 Aro'w. adv. [frorn a and roiv.] In a 
 row ; with the breasts all bearing against 
 the same line. 
 
 Then some green gowns are by the lasses worn 
 In chastest plays, till home they walk aroiv. 
 
 Sidney. 
 But, witli a pace more sober and more slow, 
 And twenty, rank hi rank, they rode aroic. 
 
 Dryocn. 
 
 Aro'ynt. adv. [a word of uncertain 
 
 etymology, but very ancient use.] Be 
 
 gone ; away : a word of expulbion, or 
 
 avoiding. 
 
 Saint \Vitliold footed thrico the wold, 
 fie met the night-mare, and her name told ; 
 Bid her alight, and her troth plight ; 
 And aroynt tlice, witch, aroynt thee right. 
 
 Sliahesp. 
 
 A'rquebuse. n. s. [Fr. spelt falsely 
 
 harquebuss.] A hand gun. It seems 
 
 to have anciently meant much the same, 
 
 as our carabine or fusee.
 
 A R R 
 
 A harqnehuse, or ordnance, will be farllier 
 heard, fnmi the mouth of tlie piece, llian back- 
 wards, or on tlie sides. Bacon. 
 A'RQUEursiER. n. s. [from urquebusc] 
 A soldier, ai-med with an arqiiebiise. 
 
 He compassed tliurii in, witli lifieen thousand 
 arijiiebtiskrs ; whom he had brought with him, 
 «ell fli)|ioijifcd. hnolles. 
 
 A'RRACH, O'RRACH, or O'RRAGE. 71. s. 
 One of the quickest plants both in com- 
 ing up and running to seed. Its leaves 
 are very good in pottage. 
 
 Mortimer's Hiisba7iflr!/. 
 Akra'ck, or Ara'ck. n. s. The word 
 arrack is an Indian name for strong wa- 
 ters of all kinds ; for they call our spirits 
 and brandy English arrack. But what 
 we un(lerst;md by the name arrack, is 
 no other than a spirit procured by distil- 
 lation from a vegetable juice called toddy, 
 ivhich flows by incision out of the cocoa- 
 nut tree. Chambers. 
 I send this to be better known,for choice of china, 
 tea, ai-rack, and other Indian goods. Spectator. 
 
 To ARRAIGN, v. a. [arranger, Fr. to 
 
 set in order.] 
 I. To set a thing in order, or in its place 
 One is said to arraign a writ in a county, 
 that fits it for trial before the justices of 
 the circuit. A prisoner is said to be ar- 
 raigned, wlien he is indicted and brought 
 fortli to his trial. Cowell. 
 
 Summon a session, that we may arraign 
 Our most di-luyal ladv ; for, as she hath 
 Been pubiicklv accused, so shall slie have 
 A just and open trial. Shakespeare. 
 
 2. To accuse; to charge w ith faults in ge- 
 neral, as in controversy, in a satire. 
 
 Reverse of nature ! sliall sucli copies then 
 Ai-raiga th' orii;inals of Maro's pen? Roscommon. 
 
 He, tliat thinks a man to the ground, will 
 
 quickiv endeavour to lav liiin there : for, while 
 
 lie despises him, he an'aigns and condennis him in 
 
 his heart South. 
 
 2, It lias for before the fault. 
 
 IMy ow n enemies 1 shall never answer : and, if 
 your lordship has any, they will not arraign ^'ou 
 Jbr want of knowledge. 
 
 Drydens Dedicatioji to the jEneid. 
 Arra'ignment. n. s. [from a»T«/o-?).] 
 The act of arraigning ; an accusation ; 
 a charge. 
 
 In the sixth satire, wliich seems only an ar- 
 raignment of the whole sex, there is a latent admo- 
 nition to avoid ill women. Dryden. 
 
 To ARR A'NGE. v. a. [arranger, Fr.] To 
 put in the proper order for any purpose. 
 
 I chanc'd this day 
 To see two knights in travel on my way, 
 (A sorry sight !) arrang'd in battle new. Fairxi Q. 
 How efiectually are its muscular fibres arranged. 
 and with what judgment are its columns and fur- 
 rows disposed ! Chet/ne. 
 Arra'ngement. n. s. [from arrange.] 
 The act of putting in proper order ; the 
 state of being put in order. 
 
 There is a proper arrangement of the parts in 
 elastick bodies, which may be facilitated by use. 
 
 (^heitne. 
 Arrant, adj. [a word of uncertain ety- 
 mology, but probably from errant; wliich 
 (being at first ajiplied in its proper sig- 
 nification to vagabonds, as an errant or 
 arrant rogue, ihat is, a rambling rosue) 
 lost in time its original signification, 
 and, being by its use understood to 
 
 ARR 
 
 imply something bad, was applied at 
 large to any thing, that was rneiitioiieil 
 with liatred or contempt.] Bad in a 
 high degree. 
 
 Countrv folks, who hallooed and hooted aftei 
 me, as at'the arrantest coward that ever shewed 
 his shoulders to the enemy. Sidney. 
 
 A vain fool grows forty times an arranter sot 
 than before. L'Kstrange. 
 
 And let him every deity adore. 
 If his new brideprovenot nnarrant whore. Dryden. 
 
 A'rrantly. adr. [from arrant.] Cor- 
 ruptly ; shamefully. 
 
 Funeral tears are as arrantl\j hired out, as 
 mourning clokes. UJCstrange. 
 
 A'rras. n. s. [from Arras, a town in 
 Artois, where hangings are woven.] Ta- 
 pestry; hangings woven with images. 
 
 Thence to the liall, w hich was on every side 
 With rich array and costly arras dight. Fairy Q. 
 
 He's going to liis mother's closet ; 
 Behind the arras I'll convey myself, 
 To hear the process. Shakespeare 
 
 As he shall pass the galleries, I'll |)lace 
 A guarti bchin;! the arras. Denham's Sophit 
 
 Arra'ugut. I', a. [a word used by .Spen- 
 ser in the preter tense, of which I have 
 not found the present ; but suppose, he 
 derived arreach from arracher, Fr.] Seiz 
 ed by violence. 
 
 His ambitious sons unto them twain 
 Arranght the rule, and from their father drew. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Arra'y. 11. s. [nrroi/, Fr. arreo. Sp. 
 urredo, !t<il. from reije, Teut. order. It 
 was adopted into the middle Latin, millc 
 liominum arraitorum, Knighton.] 
 
 1. Order, chiefly of war. 
 The earl, esp} ing them scattered near the armv, 
 
 sent one to command them to their airay. Ha\jwa/'d. 
 
 Wer't thou sought to deeds. 
 That might require th' array of war ; thy skill 
 Of conduct would he such, that all the world 
 Could not sustain thy [irowess. Milton. 
 
 A gen'ral sets his army in array 
 In vain, uidess he fight, 'and w in the day. Denham. 
 
 2. Dress. 
 
 A rich throne, as bright as sunny day ; 
 On which there sat most brave, embellished 
 A\ ith royal robes and gorgeous array, 
 A maiden queen. Fairy Queen. 
 
 In this remembrance. Emily ere day 
 Arose, and drcss'd iierself in rich array. Dryden. 
 
 3. In law. Array, [of the Fr. array, i. e. 
 ordo.] The ranking or setting forth of 
 a jury or inquest of men, impannelled 
 upon a cause. Thence is the verb, to 
 array a pannel ; that is, to set forth one 
 by another the men impannelled. Cotcell. 
 
 To ARRAT v. a. [arroyer, old Fr.] 
 
 1 . To put in order. 
 
 2. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn the per- 
 son: with the particle unth or in. 
 
 Deck thyself now with majesty and excellency, 
 andarraj/tn\'self/rit/i glory and beauty. Job, xl. 10. 
 
 Sow went forth the morn^ 
 .Such as in highest heav'n, array'd in gold 
 Empyreal. _ Milton. 
 
 Oneyestarray'd the corpse ; and one they spread 
 O'er his clos'd eyes, and wrapp'd around his bead. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. In law. See Array in law. 
 Arra'yers. 71. s. [from array.] Officers 
 
 who anciently had the care of seeing 
 the soldiers duly appointed in their 
 armour. Cowell. 
 
 ARRE'AR. adr. [am tre, Fr. behind.] Be- 
 liind. Tliis is the primitive signification 
 
 ARR 
 
 of the word, which, though not now in 
 use, seems to be retained by Upenser. 
 See Rear. 
 
 To leave with speed .Atlanta swift, arrenr ; 
 Through forests wild and unfrequented land, 
 To chase the lion, boar, or rugged bear. 
 
 Fairy Quten. 
 Arre'ar. n. s. That, which remains 
 behind unpaid, though due. See Ar- 
 rearage. 
 
 His boon is giv'n ; his knight has gain'd the 
 day. 
 But lost the prize ; th' arrears are yet to pay. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 If a tenant run away in arrear of some "rent, 
 the land remains ; llia't cannot be carried away, 
 or lost. Ltvlii:. 
 
 It will comfort our grand-children, when they 
 see a few raijs hung up in Westminster-hall ; 
 which cost an hundred millions, whereof they are 
 paying the an-fars; and boasting, as beggars do, 
 that their grandfathers were rich. Stcift. 
 
 ARRE'.iR.\GE. n. s. a word now little 
 used, [from arriere, Fr. behind.] 
 
 Arrearage is the remainder of an account, or a 
 sura of money remainhig in the hands of an ac- 
 countant ; or, more generally, any money, un- 
 paid at the due time, as arrearage of rent. 
 
 Couetl. 
 
 Paget set forth the king of England's title, to 
 
 his debts and pension from the French kin" ; with 
 
 all arrearages. Haywurd. 
 
 He'll grant the tribute, send the arrearages. 
 
 Sfiakespeare. 
 
 The old arrearages, under xvhich that crown 
 
 had long groaned, being defrased ; he hath 
 
 brought Lurana, to upholtfand maintain herself. 
 
 Howers Vocal Forest. 
 
 Arre'arance. n. s. The same with 
 arrear. See Arrear. Diet. 
 
 .\rren'ta'tion. 71. s. [from arrendur. 
 Span, to farm.] Is, in the forest law, 
 the licensing an owner of lands in the 
 forest, to inclose them with a low hedge 
 and small ditch, in consideration of a 
 yearly rent. Diet. 
 
 Arrepti'tious. adj. [arreptvs, Lat.] 
 
 1. Snatched away. 
 
 •2. [From ad and 7-epo.] Crept in privily. 
 
 -Arre'st. n. s. [from arrester, Fr. to 
 stop.] 
 
 1. In law. 
 
 A stop or stay ; as, a man apprehended for debt, 
 is said to be arrested. To plead in arrest of Judg- 
 ment, is to shew cause, why judgment should be 
 stayed, though the verdict of tne twelve be passed. 
 To'plead in ai-rest of taking the inquest upon the 
 former issue, is to shew cause, why an inquest 
 should not be taken. An arrest is a certain re- 
 straint of a man's person, depriving him of his 
 own will, and binding it to become obedient to 
 the will of the law ; and may be called the be- 
 ginning of imprisonment. Centxit. 
 
 If I could s|ieak so wisely under an arrest, I 
 would send for my creditors ; yet 1 had as lief 
 have the foppery of freedom, as the morality of 
 imprisonment. Shaf^p, 
 
 2. Any caption, seizure of the person. 
 
 To the rich man, who had promised liimsetf 
 ease for many years, it w as a sad arrest, that his 
 soul w as surprised the first night, Taylor. 
 
 3. A stop. 
 
 The stop and arrest of tlie air sheweth, tliat the 
 air hath little appetite of ascending. Bacon. 
 
 To ARREST, c. a. [arrester, Fr. to 
 
 stop.] 
 1. To seize by a mandate from a court or 
 
 officer of justice. See Arrest. 
 
 Good tidings, niv lord Hastings ; for the w hich 
 1 do ai-rest tliee, traitor, of high treason. Shal:esp.
 
 A R R 
 
 There's one yonder arrested, and carried to pri- 
 son, was ivortli' Jive tlimisand of you all. ,Sluihesp. 
 
 2. 'J'o seize any thino- by law. 
 
 He lialhonjovcd nolliing of Ford's, but twenty 
 
 gounds of iiiLin'ey, wliieh iiuisl be paid to master 
 rook : his liurses are arrested for it. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To seize ; to lay hands on ; to detain 
 by power. 
 
 But, when as ]\Iorpheus had with leaden maze 
 Arrested all that goodly cojupany. Fairii Qiifcn 
 
 Age itself, (which, 'of all things in the wurUI 
 will not be baffled or defied) shall begin to arrest 
 seize, and rejuind us of our mortality. South 
 
 4. To withhold ; to hinder. 
 
 This defect of the Englisli justice was the main 
 impediment, that did arrest and stup the course of 
 the conquest. Davies. 
 
 As often, as ray dogs with better speed 
 .^rest her flight, is she to death decreed. Dryden. 
 
 Nor could her virtues, nor repeated vows 
 Of thousand lovers, the relentless hand 
 Of death arrest. Philips. 
 
 5. To stop motion. 
 
 To manifest the coagulative power, we have 
 arrested the lluidity of 'iiew milk, and turned it 
 into a curdled substance. Boyle. 
 
 6. To obstruct ; to stop. 
 
 Ascribing the causes of things to secret proprie- 
 ties, hath arrested and laid asle'iip all true enquiry. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Arre'st. n. s. [In horsemanship] A 
 mangey huinour between the ham and 
 pastern of the hinder legs of ahorse. Diet. 
 
 A'rreied. adj. [arrectatus, low Lat] 
 He, that is convened before a judge, and 
 charged with a crime. It is used some- 
 tiuies iorimpnted or laidunto ; as.no folly 
 may be arreted to one under age. Cowcll. 
 
 To Arri'de. v. a. [arrideo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To laugh at. 
 
 2. To smile ; to looU pleasantly upon one. 
 Arri'ere. w. * [French.] The last body 
 
 of an army, for M'hich we now use retir. 
 
 The horsemen might issue forth without distur- 
 bance of the foot, and the avant-guard without 
 sliuiHing with the battail or arriere. Hayio. 
 
 Arri'eke ban. U.S. [Casseneuve derives 
 this word from arriere and ban: Ban 
 denotes the convening of the noblesse or 
 vassals, who hold fees immediately of 
 the crown ; and arriere, those who only 
 hold of the king mediately.] A general 
 p oclamation, by which the king of 
 Fraace summons to the war, all that hold 
 of him ; both his own vassals or the 
 noblesse, and tiie vassals of liis vassals. 
 
 Arri'ere fee, or fief. Is a fee, de- 
 pendant on a superiour one. These fees 
 commented, when dukes and coimts, 
 rendering their governments hereditary, 
 distributed to their officers parts of the 
 domain.^, and permitted those officers to 
 gratify the soldiers under them in the 
 same manner. 
 
 Arri'ere va'ssal. The vassal of a 
 vassal. Trevoux. 
 
 Arri'sion. n. s. [arrisio, Lat.] A smil- 
 ing upon. Diet. 
 
 Akri'val. n. s. [from arrive.] The act of 
 coming to any place ; and, figuratively, 
 the attainment of any purpose. 
 
 How are we chang'd, since we first saw the queen! 
 
 She, like the sun, does still the same appear ; 
 
 Bright, as she was at her arrival here. Waller. 
 
 1 he unravelling is the arrii'a^ of Ulysses upon 
 
 his own island. Broome's View .»/' ipic Poetry. 
 
 A R R 
 
 Arut'vance. w. s. [from arrive.] Com- 
 pany coming : not in use. 
 
 Kvoiy minute is expectancy 
 Of niDre arriihince. Skakc.'<p. 
 
 To AHIU'VX. V. n, [arriveVj Fr. to come 
 oTi shore.] 
 
 1. To come to any place by water. 
 
 At length arrivhif:; on the banks of Nile, 
 Wearied with length of ways, and worn with toi!, 
 She ldU\ iier down. Dryden. 
 
 2. To reach any place by travelling. 
 
 ^Vhen we were aiTived, upon the verge of liis 
 estate ; we slopped at a little inn, to rest ourselves 
 and our horses. Sidney. 
 
 3. To reach any point. 
 
 The bounds of all body, we have no difficulty 
 to arrive at ; but, when the mind is tliere, it fnids 
 nothing to hinder its progress. Locke. 
 
 4f. To gain any thing by progressive ap- 
 proach. 
 
 It is tlie hii^hest wisdom, by despising the 
 world to arrhe at heaven; they are blessed, who 
 converse witli God. Taylor. 
 
 The virtuous may know in speculation, what 
 tliey could never arrive at by practice ; and avoid 
 the snares of the crafty Addison. 
 
 5. Thething, at which we arrhe^is always 
 supposed to be good. 
 
 6. To liappen ; with to before the person. 
 This sense seems not proper. 
 
 Happy ! tn whom this glorious death arrives; 
 More to be valued, than a thousand lives. WuUer. 
 
 To Arro'de. V, a. [arrodo^ Lat.] To 
 gnaAv or nibble. Did. 
 
 A'rrogance. \ 71, s. [arrogantia, Lat.] 
 A'rrogancy.j The act or quality of 
 taking much upon one's self; that spe- 
 cies of pride, which consists in exorbi- 
 tant claims. 
 
 Stanley, notwitlistanding she's your wife,- 
 And loves not me ; be you, good "lord, assur'd, 
 I hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shakesp. 
 
 Pride hath no other glass 
 To shew it'-elf, but pride : for supple knees 
 Feed arrogance, nnd are the proud man's fees. Shak. 
 
 Pride and arrogance, and the evil way, and the 
 froward mouth, do I hate. Prov. viii. 13. 
 
 Discoursing of matters dubious, and on any 
 controvertible truths, we cannot, without arro- 
 gance, entreat a credulity. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Humility it expresses by the stooping and bend- 
 ing of tlic head ; arrogance, when it is lifted, or 
 (as we say) tossed up. Dryden's Dufreanoi]. 
 
 A'rrogant. adj. [arrogansj Lat.] Given 
 to make exorbitant claims ; haughty ; 
 proud. 
 
 Feagh's right unto that country, which he 
 claims, or the siguiory therein, must be vain and 
 arrogant. Spenser oh Ireland. 
 
 An tirrogayit way of treating \\ iih other princes 
 and states, is natural to popular governments. 
 
 Tc/ii]>le. 
 
 A'rrogantly. adv. [from arrogant,^ 
 In an arrogant manner. 
 
 Our poet may 
 
 Himself admire the fortune of his phiy ■ 
 
 And arrogantly, as his fellows do. 
 
 Think he writes well, because he pleases you. Dry. 
 Another, warm'd 
 
 With high ambition, and conceit of prowess 
 
 Inherent, arrogantly thus ))rcsunrd ; 
 
 What if this sword, full often drenchVi in Iilood, 
 
 Should now cleave sheer the execrable head 
 
 Of Churchill. Philips. 
 
 A'rrogantness. Ji. s. [from arrogavt,'\ 
 
 The same with arrogance ; whicli see. 
 
 Diet, 
 To ARROGATE, v. a. {arrogo, Lat.] 
 
 To claim vainly; to exhibit unjust claimSj 
 
 prompted only by pride. 
 
 A R S 
 
 1 intend, to describe this battle fully, not to 
 derogate any thing from one nation, or to arrogate 
 to the other. Huynard. 
 
 The po|ies arrogated unto tliemselves, tiiat the 
 empire was held of them in homage. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 Who, not content 
 With fair equality, fraternal state, 
 Will arro^ote floininion undeserv'd 
 Over his brethren, Milton. 
 
 Rome never niT(j^a/e(/ to herself any infallibility, 
 but w hat she pretended to be founded upon 
 Christ's promise. Tillotsim. 
 
 Arroga'tion. n. s. [from arrog;ate.] A 
 
 claiming in a proud unjust manner. Diet. 
 Arro'sion. n. s. [from arrosus, Lat.] 
 
 A gnawing. Diet. 
 
 A'rrow. }i. s [apepe, Sax.] The pointed 
 
 weapon whicli is .'•hot from a bow. 
 
 Darts are thrown by the hand : but in 
 
 poetry they are confounded. 
 
 I swear to thee by Cupid's strongest bow. 
 
 By his best airow with the iroldea head. Shakef^. 
 
 Here were hoys so des[)erately resolved, as to 
 
 pull arrows out of tiieir flesh ; and delivet them, to 
 
 De shotagain,by the archers un their side. Uai^ward. 
 
 A'rrowhead. n. s. [from arrow and 
 
 head.] .\ water plant; so called, from 
 
 the resemblance of its leaves to the head 
 
 of an arrow. Diet. 
 
 A'rrow Y. adj. [from arrow.] Consisting 
 
 of arrows. 
 
 He saw them, in their forms of battle ranii'd : 
 How quick they wheei'd, and flying behind 
 
 them sliot,' 
 Sharp sleet of arrowy shuw'r against the face 
 Of their pursuers, and o'ercauie by fii^dit. Milton, 
 
 A'rse. n.s. [eapj-e. Sax.] The buttocks, 
 or hind part of an animal. 
 
 To hang an A'rse. A vulgar phrase, sig- 
 nifying to be tardy, sluggi.sh, or dilatory. 
 
 For Hudibras wore but one spur j 
 As wisely knowing, coidd he stir 
 To active trot one side of "s horse. 
 The other would not hang an arse. Htidihras 
 
 A'rse-foot. n.s. A kind of water fowl, 
 called also a didapper. Diet. 
 
 A'rse-smart. n. s. [persicaria, Lat.] 
 An herb. 
 
 A'rsenal. n. s. [arsenale, Ital.] A repo- 
 sitory of things requisite to war ; a ma- 
 gazine of military stores. 
 
 1 would have a room, for the old. Roman in- 
 struments of war ; where you might see all the 
 ancient military furniture, as it might have been in 
 an arsenal of ofd Borne. Addiso7t. 
 
 Arse'nical. adj. [from ar.ieniek] Con- 
 taining arsenick ; consisting of arsenick. 
 An hereditary consumption, or one engendered 
 by arsenical fumes under ground, is incapable of 
 cure. Huney, 
 
 There are arsenical, or other like noxious mine- 
 rals, lodged underneath. Woodwartl 
 
 A'rsenick. n. s. [i^ainicov,] A ponderous 
 mineral sitbstance, volatile and uninflam- 
 mable; which gives a whiteness to metals 
 in fusion, and proves a violent corrosive 
 poison ; of which there are three sorts. 
 Native oy ijel/oivarscniek, called also au- 
 ri|)igmentimi or orpiment, is chiefly found 
 in copper mines. White or crystalline 
 arseniek isextracted from the native kind, 
 bv subliming it with a proportion of sea 
 salt : the smallest quantity of cryslalline 
 arsenick, being mixed with any metal, ab- 
 solutely destroys its malleability ; and a 
 single grain will turn a pound of copper
 
 A 11 T 
 
 into a beautiful seeming silver, but with- 
 out ductility, lied arstnick is a prepa- 
 raiion of tlie wliite, made by adding to 
 it a mineral sulphur. C/iamhers. 
 
 Aisenick is a very (lo;iiily poison ; luid to the 
 fire, it emits fumes.but liquates very little. 
 
 }\\}odu'ard on Fossils. 
 
 ART. n. s. [nrte, Fr. ars, Lat.] 
 
 1. The power of doing somelhing not 
 taught by nature and instinct; as, to 
 walk is natinal, to driiice is an art. 
 
 Art is propcrlvan habitual kiiowledge of certain 
 rules and maxin'is, by which a man 13 governed 
 aiid directed in his actions. StnUh. 
 
 Blest witheacli grace of nature and of art. fope. 
 
 Ev'n eo|)iou3 Dryden wanted or forgot 
 The last and greatest nr!, the art to blot. Pope. 
 ?, A science ; as, the liberal arts. 
 
 Arts, that respect the mind, were ever reputed 
 nobler, than those that serve the body. Ben Jo/wmi. 
 
 When did iiis pen on learning fi.^ a brand, 
 Or rail at arts he did not understand ? Vryden. 
 
 3. A trade. 
 
 This observation is aflforded us by the art of 
 making sugar. Boyle. 
 
 4. Artfulness ; skill ; dexterity. 
 
 The flit of our necessities is strange, 
 That can make vile things precious. Slmkesji. 
 
 5. Cunning. 
 
 More matter, with less art. Sliakesp. 
 
 6. Speculation. 
 
 I have as much of this in art, as you ; 
 But vet my nature could not bear U so. Sliakesp. 
 
 Arterial, udj [from arttry.l That, 
 which relates to the artery ; that, wliich 
 is contained in the artery. 
 
 Had not the Maker w rougiit the springy frame : 
 The blood, defrauded of its nitrous food, * 
 Had cool'd and lan^uish'd in the arterial road. 
 
 Ulaekmore. 
 
 As this mixture of blood and chyle passeth 
 through the arterial tube, it is pressed by two 
 contrary forces ; that of the heart, drivincr it for- 
 ward against the sides of the tube ; and itie elas- 
 tick force of the air, pressing it on the opposite 
 sides of those air-bladders, along the surface of 
 which this arteriid tube creeps. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Arterio'tomy. n. s. [from a^1>)gia, and 
 rif^vu to cut.] The operation of letting 
 blood from the artery : a practice much 
 in use among the Trench. 
 
 A'RTERY. n. s. [arltria, Lat.] .An artcn/ 
 is a conical canal, conveying the blood 
 from the heart to all parts of tlie body. 
 Each arleri/ is composed of three coats ; 
 of whicii the first seems to he a thread 
 of fine blood vessels and nerves, for nou- 
 rishing the coats of the artery; the 
 seeoad is made up of circular, or ratiier 
 spiral fibres, of which thei-e ai-e more or 
 fewer strata, according to the bigness of 
 the artcnj: these fibres have a strong 
 elasticity, by whicli they contract them- 
 selves with some force, when the power 
 by which they have been stretched out 
 ceases. The third and inmost coast is a 
 fine transparent membrane, which keeps 
 the blood within its canal ; that otlier- 
 wise, upon the dilatation of an artery, 
 would easily separate the spiral fibres 
 from one another. As the arteries grow 
 smaller, these coats grow thinner, and the 
 coats of the veins seem only to be conti- 
 nuations of thecapillaryar/triVs. Quinry. 
 The arteries are clastic tubes, endued with a 
 contractile force, by which thevdrivc the blood still 
 
 A R T 
 
 fnrwaif!; It bcin^ Iiintiercd from going backward 
 by ihe valves ut' the lieart. .*Ir6K(/i)Mi(. 
 
 A'rtfvl. ac(j. [from art and full.] 
 
 1. Performed with ;irt. 
 
 Tbe last of these was certainly tbe most easy ; 
 but, tor tlie same reason, the ienst artful. Dryden. 
 
 2. Aitificiul ; not natural. 
 
 3. Cunning ; skilful ; dexterous. 
 
 O stiil the snme, t'lysses, s!ic rejoiu'd; 
 In nsefiil craft, .'■ueces'-.t'iilly refinM ; 
 Artful in speech, in action*^ and in mind. Pope. 
 A'ktkully. a/h, [from arf/al.] Witli 
 art ; skilfully ; dexterously. 
 
 Ihe rest in rank : Ihmoria, cliiefin place, 
 Was uilfntlij contriv'd tu bcl lier face, 
 To front fhc'thicket.and behold ihechace. Druden. 
 
 Vice is tlie natural growth of oar corruption. 
 How irresistibly must it prevail, when the seeds of 
 it are artfully sown, and industriously cultivated ! 
 
 HoQcrs. 
 
 A'rtfulness. n. s. [from artjul.'\ 
 
 1. Skill. 
 
 Consider, with how much ai-tfulnrss his bulk 
 and situation is contrived ; tohave just matter, to 
 draw round him these massy bodies. Cheyne. 
 
 2. Cunning. 
 
 ArtHRi'tICAL. "1 ,. rn ,1. ■/;..-[ 
 
 . , } udi. [from artnriUs.\ 
 
 .Arthritick. J -^ '- 
 
 1. Gouty, relating to the gout. 
 
 Frequent changes produce all the arthntiek dis- 
 eases. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Relating to joints. 
 
 Serpents, worms, and leaches, though some want 
 bones, and all extended articulations, yet have 
 thej arlhritieal analogies ; and, by the motion of 
 fibrous and musculous parts, arc able to make 
 progression. Broiens Vulg. Errnnrs. 
 
 ARTHRITIS, w. s. [a^^^^h^, from i^S^ov 
 a joint.] Any distemper that affects the 
 joints; but thegout particularly. Quincy. 
 
 A'rtichoke. n. s. [artichmilf, Fr.] 
 
 This plant is very like the thistle ; but hath 
 large scaly heads, shaped like the cone of the pine 
 tree : the bottom of each scale, as also at tbe bot- 
 tom of the flurets, is a thick ilesby eatable sub- 
 stance. Miller. 
 No herbs have curled leaves, but cabbage and 
 cabbage lettuce ; none have duublo leaves, one 
 beionginti totlie stalk, another to the fruit or seed, 
 but the nrtichoke. Bacon, 
 Artichokes contain a rich, nutritious, stimulating 
 juice. Arbuthjiot on Aliments. 
 
 A'rtichoke of Jtrusahm. A species of 
 sun flower. 
 
 A'rtick. a(}}. [it should be -written ffrc//r/i-, 
 from ct^Jtliy.'^.] Northern; under the 
 Bear. See Arctick. 
 
 But they v/ould have winters, like those be- 
 yond the aHick circle ; for the sun would be 80 
 tiegrees from them. Brown. 
 
 In the following example it is, contrary 
 to custom,, spelt after the French manner, 
 and accented on the last syllable. 
 
 To you, who live in chill degree 
 As map informs, of fifty-three ; 
 And do not nnich for cold atone, 
 By bringini£ thither tifty-one ; 
 I\Iethinks all climes should be alike. 
 From tropick, e'en to pole avtique. Dryden. 
 
 A'llTICLC 11. s. [ariiculusj Lat.] 
 
 1. A part of speech, as, //tf, an ; the TCitm, 
 
 an ox. 
 •2. A single clause of an account ; a parti- 
 cular part of any complex thing. 
 
 Laws, touchln;^ matters of order, are changeable 
 by the power of tl»e church j arfic/ej> concerning 
 doctrine, not so. Hooker. 
 
 Have the summary of all our griefs. 
 Win n time sliall serve to shew in articles. Shakc.<^. 
 
 Many believe the ar(tr/e of remission of sins, hut 
 believe it without the condition of renentaiice. We 
 
 A R T 
 
 believe the article otherwise, than God Intendea 
 
 it. Tayhr's Holy Living, 
 
 All the precepts, promises, and thrcitenings of 
 
 the gospel, uill rise up in jiHUnienl against us ; 
 
 and the articles of our faith « ill be so many articles 
 
 of accusation : and the great weiLht of our cliarue 
 
 1*111 be this. That we did not obey the iiospel, 
 
 which we professed to believe ; that we made 
 
 confession of the Christian faith, but lived like 
 
 Heathens. Tilltitson, 
 
 You have small reason, to repine aj)uii that 
 
 article of Hfe. Swift. 
 
 3. Tenns; stipulations. 
 
 I embrace these conditions ; let us have articles 
 between us. Siakcsp. 
 
 It would have gall'd his surly nature, 
 AVhich easily eirdures nttlarticlef 
 Tyiii" hhn to aught. Shah€sp, 
 
 4. Point of time ; exact time. 
 
 If Cansfield had not, in tha article of time, 
 given thciu that brisk charge, by which other 
 troops were ready j the king liimself had beeu 
 in danger. Clarendon. 
 
 To A'rticle. I', n. [from the noun artU 
 cle.] To stipulate ; to make ternis. 
 
 Such, in love's warfare, is my case ; 
 I may nut article for grace. 
 Having put love at la>t to show this face. Donne. 
 
 He had not infringed the least tittle of what was 
 articled, that they aimed at one mark, and tliiir 
 ends were concentrick. Hoicels Vocal Forest. 
 
 If it be said, Uod chose the successor ; that is 
 m.iniftstly not so in the sKirv i,'' Jophtha, where he 
 articled with the people, and they made him judge 
 over them. Locke. 
 
 To .\rti'cle. v. a. To draw np in par- 
 ticular articles. 
 
 He, whose life seems fair; yet, if all hUenours 
 and follies were articled against him, the man 
 would seem vicious and miserable. 
 
 Taijlor^s Tiule of Living Holy. 
 
 .\rti'cular. adj. [arliciilaris, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to the joints. In medicine, an 
 epithet, applied to a disease, which more 
 immediately infests the joints. Thus 
 the gout is called morbus articulai is. 
 
 .Articulate, adj. [from articitlus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Distinct; divided, as the parts of y limb 
 are divided by joinis; not continued in 
 one tone, as, arliculnte sounds; that is, 
 sounds varied and changed at proper 
 pauses, in opposition to th.e voice of ani- 
 mals, which admit no such variety. .An 
 articulate pronunciation, a manner of 
 speaking clear and distinct, in wliich one 
 sound is not confounded w'ith another. 
 
 In speaking under water, when the voice is 
 reduced to an "e>;trcme exility, vet the articiiltrte 
 sounds, tlie words, are not confounded. Baeon. 
 
 The first, at least, of these 1 (bought deny'd 
 To beasts ; whom God, on their creation-daj'. 
 Created mute to all articulate sound. Slilton. 
 
 -Antiquity expressed numbers by the finders on 
 either hand. On the left, the\ accounted their 
 digits and articulate numbers ti..t i en hmidredj 
 on the right hand, hundreds aiKl thousands. 
 
 Brou'n's Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 2. Branched out into articles. This is a 
 meaning little in use. 
 
 Henry's instructions were extrenie curiuus and 
 articulate; and, in thetn, more articles touching 
 inquisition, thatt negotiatioit ; requiring an answer 
 in tiistinct articles to his questions. Bacon. 
 
 To Articulate, v. a. [from article.] 
 I . To form words ; to utter distinct sylla- 
 bles ; to speak as a man. 
 
 The dogmatist knows not, hy what art he direct? 
 his tongue, in articulating souiids iiito voices. 
 
 Olanrilte. 
 
 Parisian academists, in their anatomy of apes, 
 
 tell us ; that the muscles of the tongue, which
 
 ART 
 
 do most serve to articuliite a word, were wholly 
 like tliosc itf man. Raij on the Creation. 
 
 Tliev would advance in knowledge, and not de- 
 ceive tlieiiiselves \\h\i a Utile articulated air. Locke. 
 
 2. To draw up in articles. 
 I'itcse tilings indeed, you iiave articulated^ 
 
 Proclaiiu'd at niarket-crosses, read in cliurches, 
 
 'J'o face the garment of rcbeliion 
 
 W^itll sunic line colour. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To 111 like terms ; to treat. These two 
 latter significations are unusual. 
 
 Send US to Hume 
 The best, witli whom we may articulate 
 For their own good and ours. Shakesp. 
 
 To Arti'culate. v. n. To speak dis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 Arti'culately. adv. [from articulate.'] 
 In an articulate voice. 
 
 The secret purjjose of our heart, no less articu- 
 latehj spoken to God, wlio needs not our words to 
 discern our meaning. Decay oj' Piety. 
 
 Arti'culateness. n. s. [from articu- 
 late.] The quality of being articulate. 
 Articula'tion. n. s. [from articulate.] 
 
 1 . The juncture, or joint of hones. 
 AVith relation to tlie motion of tlie bones in tlieir 
 
 articuliitiivis, there is a twofold liquor prepared for 
 tlie inunction and lulirification of their heads ; an 
 oily one, and a mucilaginous, supplied by certain 
 glandules seated in the articulations. Ray. 
 
 2. The act of forming words. 
 I conceive, that an c.vtreme small, or an ex- 
 treme great sound, cannot be articulate ; but that 
 the articulation retjuireth a mediocrity of sound. 
 
 Bacon 
 By articulation 1 mean a peculiar motion and 
 figure of some parts belonging to the mouth, be- 
 tween the throat and lips. Holder. 
 
 3. [In botany.] The joints or knots in 
 some plants, as the cane. 
 
 Artifice, u. s. [arlijicium, Lat.] 
 
 1. Trick ; fraud ; stratagem. 
 It needs no legends, no service in an nnkiiovvn 
 
 tongue ; none of all tli'^se laborious arlijices of 
 ignorance, none of all these cloaks-and coverings. 
 
 South. 
 
 2. Art ; trade ; skill obtained by science 
 or practice. 
 
 Artificer, n. s. [nrtifex, Lat.] 
 
 1. An artist; a manufacturer; one, by 
 whom any thing is made. 
 
 The lights, doors, and stairs, rather directed to 
 the use of the guest, than to the eye of ilie artificer. 
 
 Suiney. 
 
 The great artificer would be more than ordinarily 
 exact, m drawing bis own jjiclure. South. 
 
 In the practices of artipcers, and the maiuifac- 
 tures of several kinds, tlie end being proposed, we 
 find out ways. Locke. 
 
 2. A forger ; a contriver. 
 
 He, soon aware. 
 Each perturbation smoothed with outward calm. 
 Artificer of fraud ! and was the first, 
 That practis'd falseliood under saintlyshow.Mi/ion. 
 
 'ill' artilicer of lies 
 Renews th' assault, and his last batt'ry tries. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. A dexterous or artful fellow: not in use. 
 Let you alone, cunning arUficer. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Artifi'cial. adj. [arliji'cicl, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Made by art ; not natural. 
 
 Basilius used (he artificial day of torches, to 
 
 lighten the sports their inventions could contrive. 
 
 . Sidney. 
 
 The curtains, closely drawn the light to skreefi, 
 As if he had contriv'tf, to lie unseen ; 
 Thus cover'd with an artificial niglit. 
 Sleep did his office. Dryden. 
 
 There is no natural motion perpetual ; vet it 
 doth not hinder, but that it is possible to cntrive 
 such an a)-tijicial revolution. WHidns. 
 
 2. Fictitious ; not genuine. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 ART 
 
 Why, 1 can smile, and murder while I smile ; 
 
 And cry. Content, to that which grieves my heart ; 
 And wet my cheeks, with artificial tears, '.'shakesp. 
 The resolution, which we Vaniiot reconcile to 
 public good, has Ixen supported by an obsequious 
 party ; and then, with usual methods, conhrmed 
 Dy an artijicial majority. 
 
 3. Artful ; contrived with skill. 
 
 These seem to be the more artijicial, as tliose of 
 a suigle person the more natural governments. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Artificial Arguments. [In rhetorick.] 
 Are proofs on considerations, which 
 arise from the genius, industry, or inven- 
 tion of the orator; which are thus 
 called, to distinguish them from laws, au- 
 thorities, citations, and the like, which 
 are said to be inartijicial arguments. 
 
 Artifi'cial Xinf.9, on a sector or scale, 
 are lines so contrived, as to represent 
 the logarithmick sines and tangents ; 
 which, by the help of the line of num- 
 bers, solve (with tolerable exactness) 
 questions in trigonometry, navigation, 
 Sfc. Chambers. 
 
 Artifi'cial Nu'mbers, are the same with 
 
 logarithms. 
 Artifi'cially. adv. [from artijicial.] 
 
 1. Artfully; with skill; with good con- 
 trivance. 
 
 IIosv cunningly he made liis fanltiness less ; 
 how artijieialli/ he set out the torments of his own 
 conscience. Sidney. 
 
 .Should any one he cast upon a desolate island, 
 and lind there a place artijicially contrived, and 
 curiously adornen. JJai/. 
 
 2. By art ; not naturally. 
 It is covered on all sides \i\ih earth, crumbled 
 
 iiilo powder, as if it had been artijicially sifted. 
 
 Addis^m. 
 
 Aktifi'cialness. n. s. [from artijicial.] 
 Artfulness. Diet. 
 
 Artifi'cious. adj. [from art ijice.] The 
 same with artijicial. 
 
 Arti'llery. n. s. It lias no plural, 
 [artillerie, Fr.] 
 
 1. Weapons of war J always used of mis- 
 sive weapons. 
 
 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto liis lad, 
 and said unto him ; Go, carry them unto the city. 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 
 2. Cannon ; great ordnance. 
 Have 1 not heard great ordnance in the fielii .' 
 
 And hcav'n's artillery thunder in tlie skies ? Shak. 
 
 I'll to the Tower with all the haste I can. 
 To view th' artillery and ammunition.. Shakesp. 
 
 Upon one wing the artdlery was drawn, being 
 sixteen pieces ; every piece having pioneers, to 
 plain the ways. Hayward. 
 
 He, that views a fort to take it. 
 Plants his artillery 'gainst the weakest place. 
 
 Denham. 
 Artisa'n. n. s. [French.] 
 
 1. Artist; professor of an art. 
 
 ^^'hat are the most judicious artisans, but the 
 mimicks of nature ? Wotton's Architecture. 
 
 Best and happiest artisan. 
 Best of painters, if you can, 
 \\ ilh ytiur many-colour'd art. 
 Draw the mistress of my heart. Guardian. 
 
 2. Manufactin-er ; low tradesman. 
 I, w ho had none but generals to oppose me, must 
 
 have an artiMin for my antagonist. Addison. 
 
 A'rtist. n. s. [artiste, Fr.] 
 1 . The professor of an art, generally of an 
 
 art manual. 
 
 AS 
 
 Kich witli the spoils of many a conqncr'd laud 
 All arts and artists Theseus co'uld command. 
 Who sold for liire, or wrought for better fame ■ 
 'I'he master painters and the carvers came. Dryd, 
 When I made this, an artist undertocdi to imi- 
 tate it; but, using another way, fell nnicli short. 
 AVutwi's Ujjticks. 
 2. A skilful man ; not a novice. 
 
 If any one thinks himself an artist at this, let 
 him number up the parts of his child's body. Locke. 
 A'rtlesly. adv. [from artless.] 
 
 1. In an artless manner; without skill. 
 
 2. Naturtilly ; sincerely ; without craft. 
 Nature and trutli, though never so low or vij- 
 
 gar, are yet pleasing, when openly and artlesly re- 
 presented, fope. 
 
 A'rtless. adj. [from ar< and less.] 
 1. Unskilful; wanting art: sometimes, 
 with the particle of. 
 
 The high-shoed plowman, should he quit the 
 
 land. 
 
 How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast. 
 Instruct the artists, and reward their haste, li'atlcr. 
 
 Artless of stars, and of the moving sand. Dryd. 
 
 2. Void of fraud; as, an artless maid 
 
 3. Contrived without skill ; as, an artless 
 tale. 
 
 Arundina'ceous. adj. [ai~undinaceus, 
 Lat.] Of or like reeds. Diet. 
 
 Arundi'neous. adj. [arundineus, Lat.] 
 Abounding with reeds. 
 
 As. conjunct, [als, Teut.] 
 
 1. In the same manner with something else. 
 
 When thou dost hear, I am as I have been ; 
 Approach me, and thou shall be os thou wast. 
 
 Shakespeare, 
 In singing, os in piping, you excel ; 
 And scarce your master could perform so well. 
 
 Drydei>, 
 
 I live as I did, I think as 1 did, I love voii as 1 
 
 did; but all these .-ire to no purpose : the world 
 
 will not live, think, or love, asl do. SuiJ't. 
 
 2. In the inanner that. 
 I\Iad as I w:is, I could not bear his fate 
 
 With silent grief, but loudly blam'd the stale. 
 
 Vryilen's AlneiJ. 
 The landlord, in his shirt os he was, taking a 
 candle in one hand, and a drawn sword in the 
 other, ventured out of the room. 
 
 Arhuthnnt and Pope. 
 
 3. That ; in a consequential sense. 
 The cunningest mariners were so conquered by 
 
 the storm, as tliev ttiought it best, with stricken 
 sails to yield to be governed by it. Sidney. 
 
 He iiad such a dexterous proclivity, as his 
 teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness. 
 
 IVottoa. 
 
 The relations are so uncertain, as they require a 
 great deal of examination. Bacon. 
 
 God shall by ^race jjrevent sui so soon, as ta 
 keep the soul m the virginity of its first inno- 
 cence. South. 
 
 4. In the state of another. 
 Jladam, were I as you, I'd take her counsel; 
 
 I'd speak my own distress. 
 
 A. Philips, Distrest Mother. 
 
 5. Under a particular consideration ; with 
 a particular respect. 
 
 Besides that law, which concenieth men as men; 
 and that, which behuigs unto men as they are 
 men, linked with others in some society ; there is 
 a tliird, which touches all several bodies ])olitick, 
 so far forth, as one of them hath publick concerns 
 with another. llooker^s Ecctes. Polity. 
 
 Dar'st thou be as good as thy word now .-'— 
 
 ■ Why, Hal, thou knowest, as thou art but a 
 
 man, I dare ; but as thou art a prince, 1 fea? 
 thee, as I fear the roaring of the lion's whelp. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 The objections, that are raised against it as a 
 tragedy, are as follow. 
 
 Gay's Pre/, to TI7iut d'ye call it. 
 
 6. Like; of the same kind with. 
 A simple idea is one uniform idea; us sweet, 
 
 bitter. Tlatti. 
 
 7. In the same degree with. 
 
 UJ
 
 A S 
 
 Where ytm, unless you are (« mailer blind, 
 Cuiiducl ami beauieoiis disposition find. 
 
 l:Uiclimorc. 
 Wgil liiist Ih.m spoke, tlie bluc-cyed maid re- 
 pli<-'s ; 
 Tliou toad old ni>in, benevolent as wjse. 
 
 Pope s OJijti^eu. 
 
 8. As if; according to the manner tliat 
 
 ■would be, if. 
 
 The squire besan nigher to approach. 
 And wind his hiii-n under the castle-wall ; 
 That, with the noise it shook, as it would fall. 
 
 Fiiiru Queen, 
 
 Thev all contended, to creep into his hunioiir ; 
 and to" do iImI, as of iheiuselvcs, which they eon- 
 cciveil he desired lliey should do. Haymird. 
 
 Contented, in a nest of snow 
 He lies, as he his bliss did know ; 
 And lo the wood no niorewimld go. II allcr. 
 
 So hot th' ass.iiilt, so high the tumult rose, 
 /Is all the Dardan and Arcuiick race 
 Had been contracted in that narrow space. Driia. 
 
 Can misery no phice of safety know ? 
 The noise pursues nic, wheresoc'er I go, 
 As faic souglu only me. Urnd. Aurengiche. 
 
 9. According to what. 
 
 Who then^is Paul, and who is Apollos ; but 
 ministers, by whom ye believed, even as the 
 Lord gave to''every man? 1 ^or. 
 
 Thejf figure being printed. 
 At just before ( I llnnk ) I hinted ; 
 Alma infonu'd can try the case. Prior. 
 
 The republick is sliut up in the great duke's do- 
 minions, who at present is very nmcli incensed 
 against it. The otxasioii is, as follow s. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 10. As it were; in some sort. 
 
 .\s for the daughiers of king Edward IV. they 
 
 thought, king Richard had said enuugli for them ; 
 
 and fook themi lo be but as of the king's party, 
 
 because they were in his power, and at his disposal. 
 
 Bacons Henry Vtl. 
 
 11. While; at the same time that. 
 At either end, it whistled as it flew ; 
 
 And, as the brands were green, so dropp'd the 
 
 dew ; 
 Infected, as it fell, with sweat of sanguine hue. 
 
 Druden. 
 These haughty words Alecto's rage provoke ; 
 And frighted Turiius trembled, as she spoke. 
 
 Dryden. 
 So the pure limpid streara, when foul with 
 stains 
 Of rushing torrents and descending rains. 
 Works itself clear ; and, as it runs, refines. 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 12. Because. 
 
 He, that commanded the injury to be done, is 
 first bound ; then he, that did it : and they also 
 are obliged, who did so assist, as without thera the 
 thing could not have been done. Taylor. 
 
 13. Because it is; because thev are. 
 
 The kernels draw out of the earth juice, fit to 
 nourish the tree ; as those, that would be trees 
 themselves. Bacon. 
 
 14. Equally 
 
 Before the place 
 A hLndred doors a hundred entries grace ; 
 As many voices issue, and the sound 
 Of Sybil's words as many times rebound. Dryden. 
 
 15. How; in what manner. 
 
 Men are generally permitted to publish bnoks, 
 and contradict others, and even themselves, as 
 they please, with as littledanger of being confuted, 
 as of neing understood. Bojjte. 
 
 IG. With ; answering to like or strme. 
 Sister, well met I whither away so fast ? — 
 — Upon the like devotion, as yourselves ; 
 To gralubte the gentle prince's there. 
 
 &hahtsp. Blchardlii. 
 17. In a reciprocal sense, answering to as. 
 Every otTence, committed in the state of na- 
 ture, may in the state of nature be also punished •. 
 and OS far forth, 05 it may in a commonwealth. 
 
 Loche. 
 
 As sure, as it is good, that human nature should 
 
 cvist ; so certain it is, that the circular revolutions 
 
 of the earth and planets (rather than other motions, 
 
 A S I] 
 
 y\\\xc\\ niislit as posbibly have been) do declare 
 Goa. - ^ Bcntdy. 
 
 lU. Going before as, In a comparative 
 sense ; the first as being sometimes 
 understood, 
 
 Soiiiproiiius is as bravo a mall us Cato. Addison. 
 Brhrlu as the sun, aiul like the morning fair. Glan- 
 
 J 9. AnsAvering to 4wc/t. 
 
 Is it not every man's interest, that there .should 
 be such a governor of tlie world, as designs our 
 happiness, as would govern us for our adv;intage .' 
 
 TiUotso7i. 
 20. Having so to answer it ; in a condi- 
 tional sense. 
 
 As Tar, as they carry light and conviction to any 
 other man's understanding ; so far, I hope, my la- 
 bours may be of use to hiin. Locke. 
 
 2j, 5o is sometimes luiderstood. 
 
 As in my speculations I have cndearoured, to 
 extingiiisli passion and prejudice ; I am still desir- 
 ous of doini; some good, in this particular. Specta. 
 
 22. Answering to so conditionally. 
 
 So may th' auspicious queen of love 
 To thee,' O sacred ship, be kind ; 
 As thou, to uhom the muse commends 
 The best of poets and of friends. 
 Dost thy committed pledge restore. Dryden. 
 
 23. Before howy it is sometimes redunt- 
 ant; but this is in low language. 
 
 As how, dear Syphax? Addisojis Cato. 
 
 24. It seems to be x'edundant before j/et ; 
 to this time. 
 
 Thout^h that war continued nine years, and this 
 hath as yet lasted but six ; yet there hath been 
 nmch more action in the present war. Addison. 
 
 25. In a sense of comparison, followed by so. 
 
 As " hen a dab-chick waddles through tiie copse, 
 On feet and wings; and flies, and wades, and 
 
 hops ; 
 So lab'ring on, with shoulders, hands, and head. 
 Wide as a w indmill all his ligure spread. Pope. 
 
 26. As for; with respect to. 
 
 As for the rest of those, who have written 
 against me, they desen^e not the least notice. 
 
 Dryden s FabUs, Pi (face, 
 
 27. As IF; in the same manner tliat it 
 would be, if. 
 
 Answering their questions, as if it were a matter 
 that needed it. Locke. 
 
 28. As to; with respect to. 
 
 I pr.iy thee, speak to me, as to thy thinkings, 
 As thou dost ruminate ; and give thy worst of 
 
 thoughts 
 The worst of w^ords. Shakcsp. Othello. 
 
 They pretend (in general) to great reiinements, 
 as to what regards Christianity, Addison on Italu. 
 
 I was mistaken, as to the day ; placing that acci- 
 dent about thirty-six hours sooner, than it hap- 
 pened. Sicijt. 
 
 29. As WELL AS; equally with. 
 
 Each man's mind has some peculiarity, as well as 
 his face ; ihat distinguishes him from afl others. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 It is adorned with admirable pieces of sculjiture, 
 as iccll modem, as ancient. Addison on Italy. 
 
 30. As THOUGH ; as if. 
 
 These should be at first gently treated, as though 
 we expected an imposthvimation. Sharp's Surg. 
 
 ASA DULCIS. See Benzoin. 
 
 ASA FOETID A. \n s. A gum or 
 
 ASSA FOETIDA. J resin, brought 
 from the East Indies, of a sharp taste, 
 and a strong offensive smell; which is 
 said to distil, during the heat of summer, 
 from a little shrub. Chambtrs. 
 
 ASARABA'CCA. n. s. [asarum, Lat.] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 Asbe'stine adj. [from asbestos.'] Some- 
 thing incombustible, or that partakes 
 of the nature and qualities of the lapis 
 asbestos. 
 
 A S C 
 
 ASBESTOS. V. s. [Ss^.r©-.] A sort of 
 native fossile stone, whicii may be split 
 into threads and (ilamciits, froin one inch 
 to ten inches in length, very fine, brittle, 
 yet somewhat tractable, silky, and of a 
 grejish colour. It is almost in.si]iid to the 
 taste, indissoluble in water, and endued 
 withthetvonderful property of remaining 
 unconsumed in the fire : but, in two trials 
 before the I^oyal Society, a piece of cloth, 
 maile of this stone, was found to lose a 
 drain of its weight eacli time. This stone 
 is found, in .\nglesey in Wales, and in 
 Aberdeenshire in Scotland. Chambers. 
 
 ASCARIDES. 71. s. [from i:TycL(>ii<;, 
 from i.ay-a^'i^u to leap] Little worms in 
 the rectum, so called from their conti- 
 nual troublesome motion, causing an 
 intolerable itching. Qitinci/. 
 
 To ASCE'XD. V. n. [nscendo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To move upwards ; to mount ; to rise. 
 Then, to the hcav'n of heav'ns, shall he ascend 
 
 AVith victory, triunijihing through the air 
 
 Over his foes and thine. 3f(7t m. 
 
 2. To proceed from one degree of good to 
 another. 
 
 By these steps we shall ascend, to more just ideas 
 of the glory of Jesus Christ : who is intimately 
 united to God, and is one with him. 
 
 Harts's Improvement of' the Mind. 
 
 3. To stand higher in genealogy. 
 
 The only ineest was in the ascending ("not colla- 
 teral) branch ; as, "hen parents and children mar- 
 ried, this was accounted nicest. 
 
 Broivne's Notes on the Odtisscy. 
 
 To Asce'nd. v.rt. To climb up any tiling. 
 
 Thej ascend the mountains ; they descend tlie 
 
 vallies. Delaneu's Bcielaiion examined. 
 
 Asce'ndable. adj. [from a««?ic/.] That 
 may be ascended. Diet. 
 
 Ascendant, n. s. [from ascend.] 
 
 1 . The part of the ecliptick, at any parti- 
 cular time above the horizon ; which is 
 supposed by astrologers, to have great 
 influence. 
 
 2. Height; elevation. 
 
 He was initiated, in order to gain instruction in 
 sciences, that were there iji their highest astemd- 
 ant. Temple 
 
 3. Superiority; influence. 
 
 By the ascendant he had in his understandiiie, 
 and the dexterity of his nature, he could persuade 
 him very much.*^ Clarendtm. 
 
 Some star (I find) 
 Has giv'n thee an ascendant o'er my mind. Dryd. 
 
 When they have got an ascentlant over them, 
 they should use it with moderation, and not 
 make themselves scarecrows. Locke. 
 
 4. One of the degrees of kindred reckoned 
 upwards. 
 
 The most nefarious kind of hastards, are inces- 
 tuous bastards; which are begotten between o.«cenrf- 
 arits and descendants, in injinitum ; and between 
 collaterals, as far as the divine jirohibition. 
 
 Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Asce'ndant. adj. 
 
 1 . Superiour; predominant; overpowering. 
 
 Christ outdoes Muses, before he displaces him ; 
 and shews an ascendant spirit above him. South. 
 
 2. Inana.strologicalsense,abovethehorizon. 
 
 Let hiiu study the constellation of Pairastis, 
 which is about that time ascendant. Brocn'sTu/. Lr. 
 
 Ascendency, n. s. [from ascend.] In- 
 fluence; power. 
 
 Custom has some ascenrfenry over understanding; 
 and, what at one time seemed decent, appears dis- 
 agreeable aflerw ards, Wattt. 
 
 Ill
 
 A S C 
 
 Asce'nsion. n. s. [ascensio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Tlie act of ascending or rising; fre- 
 quently applied to the visible elevation 
 of our Saviour to lieaven. 
 
 Then, rising from liis grave, 
 Spoii'd princi[ialitics aiui puw'rs ; iriunipli'd, 
 In open slu'w ; iiiiti, wilii asrcnaion brii^lil, 
 Caplivily led cHplive tlirough Uicair. Farad, f-est. 
 
 2. 'J'lie tiling rising, or nioanting. 
 
 Wenerr, iiitlieUienry of iiieliriatioii; coiiceivins;, 
 the brain doth only suli'er from vaporons asceiis'unis 
 from the stoiiiach. Browns Vulvar Erruurs. 
 
 Ascension, in astronomy, is either ri^/it 
 or oblique, ftiglit asccnswii of the sun, 
 or a star, is that degree of tiie equinoc- 
 tial, counted from the beginning of Aries, 
 which rises with the stni or star in a riolit 
 sphere. Oblique ascension is an arch of 
 the equator, intercepted between the 
 first point of Aries, and that point of 
 the equator, which rises together with a 
 star in an oblique sphere. 
 
 Asce'nsion-day. The day, onuhichthe 
 ascension of oia- Saviour is commcinorat- 
 ed, connnonly called Holy Thursday; tlie 
 Thursday but one, before Whitsuntide. 
 
 Asce'nsional Diff'eifiice, is the differ- 
 ence, between the right and oblique 
 ascension of tlie same point to tlie stir 
 face of the sphere. Chnmbers. 
 
 Asce'nsive. adv. [from ascend.] In a 
 state of ascent: not in use. 
 
 Tile cold augniiMits, wlien the days bepn to in- 
 crease; thcHialiihesunbethenascoiSHic, and rettirn- 
 ing from the winter tropicli, Broiin's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Asce'nt. n. s. [ascensus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Rise; the act of rising; the act of 
 mounting. 
 
 To him with swift ascent he up return'd, 
 Into his blissful bosom reassuiu'd 
 In glory, as of old. Miltoti. 
 
 1. The way, by which one ascends. 
 
 The temple, and the several degrees of ascent, 
 whereby nien di<l climb up to the same, as if it 
 had been ■AxaiacizVi, be all poetical and fabulous. 
 
 Bacon. 
 It was a rock. 
 Conspicuous far, winding with one ascent. 
 Accessible from earth, one entrance high. Ifiilton. 
 
 3. An eminence, or high place. 
 No land like Italy erects tlie sight 
 
 By such a vast ascent, or swells to such a height. 
 
 Addison. 
 A wide flat cannot be pleasant in the Elv'sian 
 fields, unless it be diversified with depressed val- 
 leys and swelling ascents. Bentlei/. 
 
 To A.SCERT.VIN. v. a. [acertener, Fr.] 
 
 1. To make certain; to fix ; to establish. 
 
 The divine la%v both ascertaineth the truth, and 
 supplieth unto us the want of other laws. Ilonktr. 
 
 .Vloney ditfers from uncoined silver in this, that 
 the quantity of silver in each piece is ascertained 
 by the stamp. Locke. 
 
 2. "To make confident ; to take away 
 doubt : often with of. 
 
 Kight judgment of myself mav give me ihe 
 otlier certainty ; that is, ascertain me, that I am in 
 tlie number of God's children. 
 
 Mammunds Practical Catechvim. 
 
 This makes us act, with a repose of rairid and 
 
 wonderful trainpiillity ; because it a.vertains us, 
 
 of llu- goodness of our work. Dryden's Dnjresnnii. 
 
 AscRltTAiNEK. 71. s. [from dscirtain.] 
 
 The person, that proves or establishes. 
 Ascertainment, n. s. [i'rom ascertain.] 
 Asettled rule; an established standard, 
 for want of ascertainment, how far a writer 
 
 A S C 
 
 may express his good wi.shes for his country, inno- 
 cent intentions may be charged with crimes. 
 
 .'ill iji lo Lord Miildlclon. 
 
 Asce'tick. adj. [io-xtilixof.] Employed 
 wholly in exercises of devotion and mor- 
 tification. 
 
 None lived such long lives, as monks and her- 
 mits ; sequestered from plenty, to a constant asce- 
 tich course of the severest abstinence and devotion. 
 
 South. 
 
 Asce'tick. w. s. He, that retires to devo- 
 tion and mortification; a hermit. 
 
 I am far from commending those ascctichs; 
 that, out of a prctejice of keeping thenisehes un- 
 spotted from the world, take up their quarters in 
 desarts. Noii'is. 
 
 He, that preaches to man, should understand 
 what is in man : and that skill can scarce be at- 
 tained by an asccticic in his solitudes. Atterlmry. 
 ASCII, n. s. It has no singular, [from 
 a. without, and o-xii a shadow.] 'I'hose 
 people, who (at certain times of the j'ear) 
 have no shadow at noon : such are the 
 inhabitants of tiie torrid zone ; because 
 they have the sun, twice a year, vertical 
 to them. Diet. 
 
 .Ascites, n. s. [from a-a-xo^ a bladder.] 
 A particular species of dropsy ; a swel- 
 ling of the lower belly and depending 
 parts, from an extravasation and collec- 
 tion of water, broke out of its proper 
 vessels. This case, when certain and 
 inveterate, is universally allowed to admit 
 of no cure, but by means of the manual 
 operation of tapping. Qtiincy. 
 
 There are two kinds of dropsy : the anasarca, 
 called also leucoplilegmacy, when thecxtravasated 
 matter swims in the cells of the membranaadiposa; 
 and the ascites, when the water possesses the cavity 
 of the abdomen. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 Asci'tical. ) adj. [from ascites.] Be- 
 Asci'tick. j longing to an ascites; 
 dropsical ; hydropical. 
 
 When it is part of another timiour, it is hydro- 
 pical, either anasarcous or ascitical. 
 
 ^"isenians Siirgeru. 
 Asciti'tious. adj. [ascititius, Lat.] Sup- 
 plemental ; additional ; not inherent ; 
 not original. 
 
 Homer has been reckoned an iisi ititions name 
 from some accident of his life. Po c. 
 
 AscRiBABLE, adj. [from ascribe] That, 
 wliich may be ascribed. 
 
 The greater part have been forward to reject it, 
 upon a luistaken persuasion ; that those ph rno- 
 mena are the etiects of nature's abhorreiicy of a 
 vacuum, which seem to be more fitly ascribable to 
 the weisht and spring of the air. Boyte. 
 
 To ASCRIBE V. a. [imribn, Lat.] 
 
 1. To attribute to, as a cause. 
 
 The cause of his banishment is unknown ; be- 
 cause tie was unwilling to prtivoke the eiujieror, 
 by ascribing it to any other reason, than what was 
 pretended. Dryden. 
 
 To this we may justly ascribe those jealousirs 
 and encroHchinents, which render mankind uneasy 
 to one aiiuiiuT. Rogers. 
 
 2. To attribute, as a quali y to persons, 
 or accident to substance. 
 
 The^e jieifections ii'Ust be somewhere ; and 
 therefore may much better be ascribed to God, in 
 whom we supjiosc all other perfections to meet, 
 than to any tiling else. Tiltotsnn. 
 
 AscRi'PTioN. n. s. [aacriptio, Lat.] The 
 act of ascribing. Diet. 
 
 AscRi'PTiTious. adj. [ascrijiiitius, Lat.] 
 That, whicli is ascribed. Diet, 
 
 ASH 
 
 Ash. n. s, [fraxmus, Lat. aej'c, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A tree. 
 
 Tliis tree hath pennated leaves, which end in an 
 odd lube. The male flowers, wliich grow at a 
 remote distance from the fruit, have no r.ctals, but 
 consist of many stamina. The ovarv uecomes a 
 seed vessel, cuiitaining one sued at llie bottoni, 
 shaped like a bird's tongue. Milter, 
 
 With which of old he charm'd the »&vage train. 
 And call'd the mountain ashes tu tlie plain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2, The wood of the ash. 
 
 Let me twine 
 Mine arms about that body, where against. 
 My grained ash an liundred times hath broke, 
 And scar'd the moon with splinters. 
 
 Shakesp. Corinlanfts. 
 
 Asha'med. adj, [from shame.^ Touched 
 with shame ; generally with of before 
 the cause of shame^ if a noun ; and to, 
 if a verb. 
 
 Profess publickly the doctrine of Jesus Christ, 
 not being ashamed ti/'the word of Gud, or of any 
 practices enjoined by it. Tuytor's Holij Living. 
 
 One would have thought, slie would luivestirra ; 
 but strove 
 With modesty, and was as/iam'd to move. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 This 1 have shadowed, that you may not be 
 asham'd (j/'that hero, whose protection you under- 
 take. Dryden. 
 
 AsH-coLOURED. adj. [from ash and co- 
 lottr.] Coloured between brown and 
 grey, like the bark of an ashen branch. 
 
 Clay, ash-colourcdy was part of a stratum, 
 which lay above the strata of stone. 
 
 Woodward on rossiit. 
 
 A'sHEN. adj, [from ash.] Made of asb 
 wood. 
 
 At once he said, and threw 
 His ashen spear; wliich {piiver'd, as it flew. Dryd. 
 
 A'SHES. n. s. ivants the singular, [ii?]-ca. 
 
 Sax. aschty Dutch.] 
 
 I- The remains of any thinj:^ burnt. 
 
 Some relicks would be left of it, as when asha 
 remain of burned bodies. Dlghy on Bodies. 
 
 This late dissension, grown between tlie peers, 
 Burns under feigned ashes of forg'd love, 
 And will at last break out into a flame. 
 
 Shaki'Sji. Henry VI. 
 
 Ashes contain a very fertile salt, and are the best 
 manure for cold lands, if kept dry. that the rain 
 doth not wash away their salt. Mortimer Si Hiisb. 
 
 2. The remains of the body; often used in 
 poetry for the carcase, from the ancient 
 practice of burning the dead. 
 
 Poor kev-cold fiunre of a holy king ! 
 Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster ! 
 Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood ! 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 To great Laertes I bequeath 
 A task of grief, his ornaiuents of death ; 
 Lest, wlien the fates his ro^al ashes claim. 
 The Grecian matrons taint my spotless name. 
 
 Pope, 
 
 A'sHLAR. n. s, [with masons.] Free 
 stone.s, as they come out of the quarry, 
 of different lengths, breadths, and 
 thicknesses. 
 
 A'SHLEERING. w. s. [with builders.] 
 Quartering in garrets, aljout t^vo foot 
 and a half or three foot hii:h ])crpendi- 
 cular to tiie floor, and reaching to the 
 under side of the rafters. Bitiidt r's Diet, 
 
 Ashore, adv. [from a and shore.] 
 
 1. Onshore; on the hiiid. 
 
 The poor Eiigiislnnan riding in the road, having 
 all that he brought thither asAorr, would have been 
 undone. Rateigh, 
 
 2. To the shore ; to the land. 
 
 112
 
 ASK 
 
 We may as bootless spend our vain couimand, 
 As send uur precepts to the leviatiiaji 
 To ronie ashore. Shakap. Henry V. 
 
 May thy billows row! ashore 
 The ber\ \', and the golden ore. Milton s Comus. 
 
 Moor d in a Cliiau creek, u^hore I went, 
 And all tiie following night in Chios sf^ent. 
 
 Addisoiis Ovid 
 
 Ash-WE'dnesday. n. s. The first day of 
 Lent; so called, from the ancient custom 
 of sprinkUng ashes on the head. 
 
 A'SHWEED. 71. *. [from ash and toted-] 
 An herb. 
 
 A'SHY. adj. [from ash.] Ash-coloured; 
 pale ; inchning to a whitish grey. 
 
 Oft have I seen a tiipely parted ghost 
 Of ashif semblance, meagre, paJe, and bloodless. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Asi'de. ado [from a and side.] 
 
 1. To one side ; out of the perpendicular 
 direction. 
 
 The slurm ru>h'd in, and Arcite stood aghast : 
 The Hames were blown aside; yet shone tliey bright, 
 Fann'd by the wind ; and gave a rutMed light. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 2. To another part; out of the true direc- 
 tion. 
 
 He had no brother ; which, though it be a com- 
 fortable thing for kings, to have ; yet it draweih 
 the subjects e% es a iinie aside. Bacon. 
 
 3. From the company ; as, to speak aside. 
 He took him aside from the multitude. 
 
 Mark, vii. 33. 
 
 A'sinary. adj. [asinarius, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to an ass. Diet. 
 
 A'sinine. adj. [from awniw, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to an ass. 
 
 You shall have more ado, to drive our dullest 
 youth, our stocks and stubs, from such nurture ; 
 than we have now, to hale our choicest and hope- 
 fullest wits, to that osiitiiie feast of sow-thistles and 
 brambles. Milton. 
 
 To Ask. r. a. [aj-cian, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To petition ; to beg: sometimes with 
 an accusative only ; sometimes withybr. 
 
 When thou dost ask me blessing, I'll kneel down. 
 And ask of tht;e forgiveness. Shakesp. 
 
 Vt'e have nothing else to ask; but tliat. 
 Which you deny already : yet w ill ask; 
 That, if we fail in our request, the blame 
 May hang upon your hardness. Shakesp, 
 
 In long jouruies, ask your master leave to give 
 ale to the horses. Swift 
 
 2. To demand ; to claim : as, to a.ik a 
 a price for goods. 
 
 Ask me never so much dowry and gift ; and I 
 
 will give, according as ye shall say unto nie : but 
 
 give me the damsel to wife. Geyiesis, xxxiv. 12. 
 
 He saw his friends ; who, whelm'd beneath the 
 
 waves, 
 
 'Their funeral honours claim'd, and ask'd their 
 
 quiet graves. Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 3. To question. 
 
 O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the wav, and 
 esm- ! ask him that Bieth, and her that escapeth ; 
 and say, what is done. Jeremiah, xlviii. 19! 
 
 4. To enquire ; with after before the thing. 
 
 He said, wherefore is'it, that thou dost ask alter 
 my name? And he blessed him there. 
 
 Genesis, xxxii. 29. 
 
 5. To retjuire ; as physically necessary. 
 As it is a great point of art, when our matter 
 
 requires it, to enlarge and veer out all sail ; so to 
 take it in and contract it, is no less praise, when 
 the argument doth ask it. Beu Joumi. 
 
 A lump of ore, in the bottom of a mine, vn ill be 
 stirred by two men's strength; which, if you 
 bring It to the top of the earth, will ask six n,en 
 •"i.!""- . . Bacon. 
 
 Ihe administration passes into different hands, 
 ai the end of two months ; which contributes to 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 A S L 
 
 dispatch : but any exigence of state asks a much 
 longer time, to conduct any design to its matu- 
 rity. Adiiiion. 
 
 To Ask. r. n. 
 
 J. To petition ; to beg : with for before 
 the thing. 
 
 My sou, hast thou sinned ? do so no more ; but 
 ash pardon /(>r thy former «ins. Ecctus. x.vi. 1. 
 if be askjor bread, will he give hini a slont- r 
 
 Matt. vii. 9. 
 2. To make enquiry; with for or of be- 
 fore the thinj;. To enquire 
 
 Stand ye in the ways, and see ; and ask for 
 the old paths, where is' the good way ; aJid wiilk 
 therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls. 
 
 Jerem. vi. 16. 
 For 05^ now, of the days that arc past, whici 
 were before thee ; since the day, ihar God created 
 man upon the earth ; and ask, from the one side of 
 heaven unlo the other; whether there hath been 
 any such tbhig, as this great tiling is, or hath been 
 beard like it? Deut. iv. 3:^. 
 
 Ask, Ash, As, do all come from the 
 Saxon aej^c, an ash tree. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 Aska'nck. ~i J c" 1 I 1- 1 
 
 ASKAUNCE.I'''^"- Sideways ; Obliquely. 
 
 Zeliuane, keeping a countenance askance, as she 
 understood him not, told him, it became her evil. 
 
 Sidney, 
 
 His wannish ej-es upon them bent askance ; 
 And when he saw their labours well succeed. 
 He wept for rage, and threaten'd dire mischance. 
 
 i'airfax. 
 
 Some say, he bid his angels turn askance 
 Tlie poles of earth, twice ten degrees and more. 
 From he sun's a.\le : they with labour push'd 
 Oblique the centrick glolJe. Milton. 
 
 Aska'unt. adu. Obliquely ; on one side. 
 
 At this Achilles roU'd his furious eyes, 
 Fix'don the king as f uih nt ; and thus rcj^lies, 
 O, impudent. Dryden. 
 
 Since the space, that lies on either side 
 The solar orb, is without limits wide ; 
 Grant, that the sun had happen'd to prefer 
 A seat as/c^iUHt, but one diameter: 
 Lust to the light by that unhappy place. 
 This globe h<id lain a frozen loausome mass. 
 
 Blackmtfre. 
 
 A'sker. «. «. [from askJ] 
 1. Petitioner. 
 
 Have you 
 Ere now denied the asker? and now again 
 On him, that did not ask but mock, bestow, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The greatness of the asker, and the smallness of 
 
 the thing asked, had been sufficient to enforce his 
 
 request. ^ South. 
 
 2. Enquirer. 
 
 ' Every asker being satisfied, we may conclude, ' 
 that all their conceptions of being in a place are 
 the same. J^ig^y of Bodies. 
 
 A'sker. n. s, A water newt 
 Aske'w. flfi^i'. [^om a and skew.] Aside; 
 with contempt. 
 
 For, when ye mildly look with lovely hue, 
 Then is my soul with life and love inspir'd : 
 But, when ye lowre, or look on me askew. 
 Then do I die. Speiiser. 
 
 Then take it. Sir, as it was writ; 
 Xor look askeiv, at what it sailh : 
 Tiiere's no jielition in ii. Priflr. 
 
 To Asla'ke. v. a. [from a^ and s/ake or 
 slack.] To remit ; to mitigate ; to slack- 
 en. Obsolete 
 
 But tins continual, cruel, civil war 
 No skill can stint, nor reason can asfake. Spenser. 
 
 \\ hilst, seeking to aslake thv raging fire. 
 Thou in me kind lest much more great desire. 
 
 Spenser, i 
 
 Aslant, adv. [from a and s/aw^] Ob-| 
 
 ASP 
 
 There is a willow ^ows aslant a brm^k, 
 cia; _ 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 That shews his hoar leaves in the ciassy stream 
 He fell ; the shaft 
 
 liquely 
 larly. 
 
 Drove thro' liis neck, aslant: he spams thegroond; 
 And the soul issues, through the » eazon's nuuad. 
 
 Drifdin, 
 
 Asleep, adv. [from a and sleep.] 
 I. Sleeping; at rest. 
 
 How many thousands of ray poorest suhj*.'CIs 
 .■iie at this hour asleep! O uenile sleep, 
 Nature's soft nurse, how have X frighted thee ! 
 
 . . Shak€^. 
 
 The diligence of trade, and noiscful gain. 
 And luxury, more late asleep were laid : 
 All was the night's ; and, in her silent reign, 
 ?«o sound the rest of nature did invade. Vryden, 
 ■fhere is no diil'erciice, between a person asleep, 
 and in an apople.tv ; but that the one can be 
 awaked, and the olfier cannot. Arlmthnot on Diet. 
 2. To sleep. 
 
 If a man watch too long, it is odds but he will 
 fall asUep. Bacons Essayi. 
 
 Thu- done the tales, to bed thev creep. 
 By w hispering w inds »oon lull'd asleep. Millmi. 
 AsLo'PE. adv. [from a and slupe.] Vi'hh 
 declivity; obliquely; not perpendicu- 
 larly. 
 
 Set them not upright, but aslope, a reasonable 
 depth under the sruund. Bacon. 
 
 Tile curse aslope. 
 Glanc'd on the ground ; with iabonr I must earn 
 My bread ! wl-at harm .' Idleness had been worse ; 
 My labour will sustain me. Mitten. 
 
 The knight did stoop. 
 And sate on further side aslope. Hudihras. 
 
 Aso'matous. adj. [fromapriv. and o-i^a 
 a body,] Incorporeal, or without a body. 
 Asp. }n.s. [cspis, Lat] A kind of 
 .'X'SPICK. J serpent, whose poison kills 
 without a possibility of applying any 
 remedy. It is said to be very small, 
 and peculiar to Egypt and Lybia. Those, 
 that are bitten by it, die within three 
 hours ; and, the manner of thtir dying 
 being by sleep without any pain, Cleo- 
 patra chose it. Calmet. 
 
 High-minded Cleopatra, that with stroke 
 Of asp's sting herself did kill. Fair\) (iueen. 
 
 Scorpion, and asp, and amphisba:ua due, 
 And dipsas. Milton. 
 
 .\sp. n s. A tree. See AsPEX. 
 ASPA'LATHUS. n. s. [Latin.] 
 
 A plant, called the rose of Jerusalem, 
 or our lady's rose. 
 
 The wood of a prickly tree, heavy, 
 oleaginous, somewhat sharp and bitter 
 to the taste. Aspalathus afl'ords an oil 
 of admirable scent, reputed one of the 
 best perfumes. Chambers. 
 
 1 gave a sweet smell, like'cinnaraon and aspala- 
 thus; and I yielded a pleasant odour, like the best 
 myrrh. Xrc/us. xiiv. 
 
 A.SPARAGUS. n. s. [Lat.] The name of a 
 plant. It has a rosaceous flower of six 
 leaves, placed orbicularly ; out of whose 
 centre rises the pointal, which turns to 
 a soft globular berry, ftdl of hard seeds. 
 
 Miller. 
 Aiftrragut affects the urine with a fetid smell, 
 especially if cut when thev are white ; and there- 
 fore ha\e beeu suspecled"by some physicians, as 
 not friendly to the Kidneys": when they are older, 
 and begin to ramify, they lose this quality ; but 
 tlien they are not so agreeable. Jrbuth. on Aliments. 
 
 on one side; not perpendicu- ASPECT, n ». [aspeclus, Lat.] It a}>- 
 
 j pears anciently to have been pronounced 
 
 Q 113
 
 ASP 
 
 Afltli the accent on the last syllable, 
 Avliich is now placed on the first.] 
 
 1. Look; ah"; appeax*ance. 
 
 1 Jiuvc- prcbented the tongue under a double as- 
 pect, such as mixy justif)' the defuiitiun, that it if 
 tlie best and worst [vdTt.^ Government of the Tongue 
 
 They arc, iti m^ judgment, the i'lnage ur pic- 
 ture of a crcat ruin ; and have the true a.-ipect of a 
 ■\vuiid, i/iiig in its rubbish. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 2. Countenance; look. 
 
 Those eyes of tliine from mine have (irawn salt 
 tears, 
 Sham'd their aspects with store of childisli drops. 
 Shakesp. Jiichard III. 
 I am fearful : wlierefore frowns lie thus? 
 'Tis his aspect of terrour. AU's not well. Shakesp. 
 
 Vet had liis aspect nothing of severe, 
 But such a face as promis'd him sincere. Dryden. 
 Then shall thy Craggs (and let me call him 
 mine) 
 On tlie cast ore another Pollio shine ; 
 With aspect open shall erect his head. Pope. 
 
 3. Glance; view; act of beholding. 
 Fairer than fairest, in his faining eye, 
 
 "Whose sole aspect he counts felicity. Spenser. 
 
 When an envious or an amorous aspect doth 
 
 infect the spirits of another, there is joined both 
 
 allection and imagination. Bacoii^s Nat. Hist. 
 
 4. Direction towards any point; view; 
 position. 
 
 The setting sun 
 Slowly dcsCLuded ; and, with right aspect. 
 Against the eastern gate of Paradise 
 Leveird his ev'ning rays. ParaiUse Lost. 
 
 1 have built a sLrong wall, faced to the south 
 aspect with bricL. Swift. 
 
 5. Disposition oP any thing to something- 
 else ; relation. 
 
 Tile light got from the opposite arguings of 
 men of parts, shewing tlie ditVerent sides of 
 things, and their various asjyccts and probabilities, 
 would be quite lost, if every one were obliged 
 to say after the speaker. Locke. 
 
 6. Disposition of a planet to other planets. 
 
 There's some ill planet reigns : 
 I must be patient, till the heavens look 
 With an aspect more favourable. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 Not unlike that, which astrologers call a con- 
 junction of planets, of no very benign aspect the 
 one to the other. Wotton. 
 
 To the blank moon, 
 Her office they prescrib'd ; to th' other five, 
 Their planetary motions and asj)ects, 
 In sextile, square, and trine, and opposite. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 Why docs not every single star shed a separate 
 
 influence, and liave aspects with other stars of their 
 
 own cunstellalion ? Bendey's Sermons. 
 
 To Aspe'ct. v. a, [aspiciOj Lat.] To be- 
 hold : not used. 
 
 Happy in their mistake, those people, whom 
 The nonhern pole a^pecf^; whom fear of death 
 (The greatest of all human fears) ne'er moves. 
 
 Tenqilc. 
 
 Aspe'ctable. adj. [aspcctalUix, Lat,] 
 Visible ; being the object of sight. 
 
 He was the sole cause of this aspectahle and 
 
 perceivable universal. Raleigh. 
 
 To this use, of informing us what is in tliis 
 
 aspectahle world, we shall find the eye well fitted. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Aspe'ction. n,s, [from aspect.] Behold- 
 ing ; view, 
 
 A Moorish queen, upon aspection of the picture 
 of Andromeda, conceived and brought tortli a 
 fair one. Bruwn. 
 
 As'pEN, or Asp. n. s. [espe. Dutch; asp, 
 Dan. epj-e, trembling, Sax. Somrur. 
 See Poplar, of ^\'hich it is a species. 
 The leaves of this tree always tremble.] 
 
 Thefls/ie/i or asp tree hath leaves unich the s:ime 
 wiili the poplar, only much smaller, and nut so 
 ■wliittt Mortimer, 
 
 A S P 
 
 The builder, oak sole king of forests all ; 
 Tlie aspen, good for statues ; the cypress funeral. 
 
 Spennr. 
 
 A'SPEN. adj. [from a^vp or aspen.] 
 
 1. Belonging to the asp tree. 
 
 Oh! had the monster seen those lily hands 
 Tremble like aspen leaves upon a lute. Shakesp. 
 
 Is'o gale disturbs the trees ; 
 Nor aspen loaves confess tlie gentlest breeze. Gai/. 
 
 2. Made of aspen wood. 
 
 ASPER, adj. [Lat.] Rough; rugged. 
 This word I have foimd only in the fol 
 lowing passajre. 
 
 All base notes, or very treble notes, give an 
 fls/Jt'r sound ; for that the base striketh more air, 
 than it can well strike equally. Bacon. 
 
 To A'SPERATE. r. a, [asperoy Lat.] To 
 roughen ; to make rough or uneven. 
 
 Those corpuscles of colour, insinuating theui- 
 selves into all the pores of the body to be dyed, 
 may asperate its superficies, according to the big- 
 ness and texture ol the cor uscles. Boijle. 
 
 Aspera'tion. ?i.s. [from cspr?'fl/e.] A 
 making rough. tJict. 
 
 A s p E R I F o'li o u s . adj . [from asper rough , 
 iuid folium a leaf^ Lat.] One of the 
 divisions of plants; so called^ from the 
 roughness of their leaves, 
 
 Aspe'rity. n. s. [asperiias, Lat.] 
 
 1. Unevenness; roughness of surface. 
 
 Sometimes the pores and a.'iperities of dry bodies 
 are so inconujiensurate to llie particles of tlie li- 
 quor, that they glide over llic surface. Boi/le. 
 
 2. Roughness of sound; harshness of pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 3. Roughness or ruggedness of temper; 
 moroseness ; sourness ; crabbedncss. 
 
 The charity of the one, like kindly exhalations, 
 will descend 'in showers of blessings ; but the ri- 
 gour and asperity of the other, in a severe doom 
 upon ourselves. Govermnent of the 7\mgue. 
 
 Avoid all unseemliness and asperity of carriage ; 
 do nothing that may argue a peevisn or froward 
 spirit. Rogers. 
 
 Asperna'tion. w.5. [aspcrnaiio, Lat] 
 Neglect; disregard, Dlcf, 
 
 A'sperous, adj, [asper, Ijit.] Rough; 
 uneven. 
 
 Black and white are the most asperous and une- 
 qual of colours ; so like, that it is hard to distin- 
 guish thtm : black is the most rough. Boijle. 
 
 To ASPE'RSE. V. a. [asptJgo, I.at.] To 
 bespatter with censure or calumny. 
 
 In the busuiess of Ireland, be^ides the opportu- 
 nity to asperse the king, they were safe enough. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Curb that impetuous tongue ; nor rashly vain, 
 And singly mad, asperse the sov'reign rcigii. Pope. 
 
 Unjustly poets we asperse ; 
 Truth shines the brighter, clad inverse. Swift. 
 
 Aspe'rsion. 71. s. \asperdo, Lat.] 
 
 1. A sprinkling. 
 
 If thou dost break her virgin knot, before 
 AH sanctimonious ceremonies ; 
 No sweet o^;jei'sio7i5 shall the heav'ns let fall, 
 To make this contract grow. Shakeap. 
 
 It exhibits a mixture of new conceits and old ; 
 whereas the iustauration gives the new unmixed, 
 otherwise than with some uttle aspersion of the old, 
 for taste's sake. Bacon. 
 
 2. Calumny ; censure. 
 
 The same aspemiims of the king, and the same 
 grounds of a rebellion. Drijden. 
 
 Aspha'ltick. adj. [from asphaltos.] 
 Gummy ; bituminous. 
 
 And with asphultjck sliuje, broad as the gate, 
 Deep to the roots of hell, the gather'd beach 
 They fasten'd. Milton. 
 
 ASPHALTOS. n.s. [Acr^aXTo? bitumen.] 
 A solid, brittle, black, bituminous, in- 
 
 ASP 
 
 flammnble substance; resembling pitch, 
 and chiefly found swimming on the 
 smfuce of the Laciis AsphuU'Ues, or 
 Dead Sen, where anciently stood the 
 cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. It is 
 cast up, in the nature of liquid pitch, 
 from tl:e bottom of this sea; and, being 
 thrown upon the water, swims Hke other 
 fat bodies, and condenses gradually. 
 
 ASPIIALTUM. n.s. [Lat.] A bitumi- 
 nous stone found near the ancient Ba- 
 bylon, and lately in the province of 
 Neufchatel ; which, mixed with other 
 matters, makes an excellent cement, in- 
 corruptible by air, and impenetrable by 
 water; sujjposed to be the mortar, s"o 
 much celebrated among the ancients, 
 with which the walls of Dabylon were 
 laid. Chamhirs. 
 
 A'SPHODEL. n.s. [/i/io-nsphodelus, Lat.] 
 Day-lily. Asphvdch were by the an- 
 cients planted near burying-places, in 
 order to supply the manes of the dead 
 with nourishment 
 
 By those, iiappy souls, ^\ho dwell 
 111 yellow meads "of asj)/im/e/. Poue. 
 
 A'spiCK. n. s. [See Asp.] The name ot a 
 serpent. 
 
 A\iiy did I 'scape th' invenoin'd as;)ic/c"s rage. 
 And all the llery monsters of the desart,- 
 'J'o sec this day ? Addison. 
 
 To .A'SPIRA'I'E. v.c [asjiiro,T^s.t.] To 
 pronounce with aspiration, or full breath; 
 as we aspirate horse, house, and hog. 
 
 To A'SPIRATE. V. n. [cspiro, Lat.]" To 
 be pronounced with full breath. 
 
 Where a vowel ends a word, the next hegins 
 either with a consonant, or w hat is its equivalent ; 
 for our w and h a^/ni-ate. Vrtiden. 
 
 A'SPIRATE. adj. [aspiratus, Lat.] Pro- 
 nounced with fidl breath. 
 
 For tlieir being pervious, you may call them 
 (if yon jilease) perspirate ; but yet they are not 
 aspirate, i. e. with such an aspiration as h. Holdir. 
 
 Aspira'tion. 7J..S. [uspiratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A breathing after; an ardent wish: 
 used generally, of a wish for spiritual 
 blessings. 
 
 A soul inspired with the warmest aspiratiom af- 
 ter celestial beatitude, keeps its powers attentive. 
 
 Walls. 
 
 2. The act of aspiring, or desiring some- 
 thing high and great. 
 
 'Tis he ; I ken the manner of his gait : 
 He rises on ins toe ; tliat spirit of his 
 iir aspiration lifts liim from tiie earth. Shakesp. 
 
 S. The pronunciation of a vowel with full 
 breath. 
 
 H is only a guttural aspiration, i. e. a more for- 
 cible impulse of the breath from the lungs. Holder. 
 
 To ASITRE. I', w. [aspiro, Lat.] 
 1. To desire with eagerness ; to pant after 
 something higher: sometimes, with the 
 particle to. 
 
 Most excellent lady ! no expectation in others, 
 nor hope in Uiniseif, could aspire to a higher mark, 
 than to be thought worthy to be praised by you. 
 
 Sid-ney. 
 
 His father's grave counsellors, by whose means 
 
 he had aspired to the kingdom, he cruelly tortured. 
 
 KnoUes. 
 Hence springs that universal strong desire, 
 Which all men have of immortality ; 
 
 Not some few spirits uyito this thouglit fl5mVe ; 
 But all men's minds in this vmited be. Vavies. 
 
 114
 
 ASS 
 
 Horace did ne'er nsjiirc to epic bays ; 
 Nor lofiv Maro stoo]) tii Ivricli lays. Roscommon. 
 
 Till tlieii a liclplcss, liopilcss, riomely swain; 
 1 sought not freedom, nur uspir'd ta gain. Dryden. 
 
 yls/iii-m^' 111 be gods, if angels fell. 
 Aspiring tn be angelt, men rebel. Pope. 
 
 2. Sometimes, witli ajtcr. 
 
 Tliose arc raised above sense, and nspire after 
 imraorlalitv, wlio beiieve the perpetual duraticn 
 of their souls. Tdhlson. 
 
 There is none of us, but who would be thouglit, 
 throudiout the whole course of his life, to cupire 
 after umuortality. Atterburt). 
 
 3. To rise ; to tower. 
 
 There is, betwixt that smile we would a.s/)i)-f to. 
 That sweet aspect of princes, and our ruin. 
 More pangs and fears, than war or women have. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 BIv own breath still foments the fire ; 
 AV hich flames as high, as facicy can aspire. Waller. 
 
 Aspi'RER. «.*. [from fls/;(Ve.] One tliat 
 ambitiously strives to be greater than 
 he is. 
 
 They wceu'd, 
 To win the mount o'f God ; and, on his throne 
 To set the envier of his state, tlie proud 
 Aspirer: but their thoughts prov'd fond and vain. 
 '^ Milton. 
 
 Asporta'tion. n. s. [asportatio, Lat.] 
 A carrying away. Diet. 
 
 Asqui'nt. adv. [from a and squint.] Ob- 
 liquely ; not in the straight line of vision. 
 
 A single guide may direct the way better, than 
 five huEidred ; who have contrary views, or look 
 asquint, or shut their eyes. 6iri/t. 
 
 As.s. n. s. [asinus, Lat.] 
 
 1. An animal of burden, remarkable for 
 sluggishness, patience, hardiness, coarse- 
 ness of food, and long life. 
 
 You have among you many a purchas'd slave ; 
 ■Which, like your as'-es and your dogs and mules. 
 You use in abject and in sl.ivish part. 
 Because you bought them. Shakespeare. 
 
 2. A stupid, heavy, dull fellow ; a dolt. 
 
 1 do begin to perceive, that I am made an ass. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 That such a crafty mother 
 Should yield the world to this ass! - a woman, that 
 Bears all down with her brain -, and yet her son 
 Cannot take two from twenty, for hii heart. 
 And leave eighteen. Shakespeare. 
 
 To ASSA'IL. V. a. [atxnilhr, Fr ] 
 
 1. To attack in a hostile manner ; to as- 
 sault; to fall upon ; to invade. 
 
 So, when he saw liis flattVing arts to fail ; 
 With greedy force he 'gan the fort t' assail 
 
 Fairij Queen. 
 
 2. To attack with argument ; censure ; or 
 motives applied to the passions. 
 
 RIv gracicms lord, here in the parliament 
 Let us assail the family of York. Shakesp. 
 
 She will not stay the siege of loving terms, 
 Nor bide th' encounter of assailiiig eyes. .Shakesp. 
 
 How have I fear'd yoiir fate ! but fear'd it most, 
 WTien love a.'isaiCd you on the Libyan coast. Dryd. 
 
 All books he reads, and all he reads assails. 
 From Dryden's Fables down to D — y's Tales. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 In vain Thalestris with reproach assaiU ; 
 For who can move, when fair Belinda fails ? Pope. 
 
 Assailable, adj. [from assail.] That, 
 which may be attacked. 
 
 Baniiuo, and his Fleance, lives.— 
 —But in them nature's copy 's not eternal.— 
 —There's comfort yet, they are as-^ailable. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Assa'ilant. n. s. [assaillanf, Fr.] He, 
 
 that attacks ; in opposition to defendant. 
 
 The same waa so well encountered, by the de- 
 fendants; that the obstinacy of the asstiilimts did 
 but increase the loss. Hayicard. 
 
 ASS 
 
 I'll put myself in poor and mean attire, 
 .\nd with a "kind of umber smirch luv face; 
 The like do you : so shall we pass alon". 
 And never stir assailants. Shakespeare. 
 
 Assa'ilant. adj. Attacking; invading. 
 
 7\nd as ev'niiig dragon came. 
 Assailant on the [lerched roosts 
 Of tame villatick fowl. Milton. 
 
 .Vssa'iler. n.s. [from assail.] One, who 
 attacks anotlier. 
 
 Pall.idius heated, so pursued our aisai/cre, that 
 one of them slew him. Sidney. 
 
 Assapa'nick, ti.s. A little animal of 
 Vir';inia, which is said to fly by stretch- 
 ing otit its shoulders and its skin ; and 
 is called in English, the flying squirrel. 
 
 Trevoiix. 
 Assa'rt. 71. s. [essart, from cssartrr, Fr. 
 to clear away wood in a forest ] An 
 offence committed in the forest, by 
 plucking up those woods by the roots, 
 that are thickets or coverts of the forest ; 
 and by making them as plain, as arable 
 land. Cowell. 
 
 To Assa'rt. v. a. \essarfcr, Fr.] To 
 
 commit an assart See AssART, 
 A.SSA'SSIN. \n. s. [assassin, Fr. a 
 Assa'ssinate. j word, brought origin- 
 all)' from Asia ; where, about the time 
 of the holy war, there was a set of men 
 called assassins, as is supposed for Arsa- 
 cidfe ; who killed any man, without 
 regard to danger, at the command of 
 their chief.] A murderer; one, that 
 kills by treachery, or sudden violence 
 
 In the very moment, as the knight withdrew 
 from the duk'e, this assussiiwte gave hiin, with a 
 back blow , a deep wound into his left side. 
 
 Wotton. 
 The Syrian king ; who, to surprize 
 One man, assassin like bad levy'd war, 
 AV'ar unproclaim'd. Milton. 
 
 The old king is iust murdered ; and the person, 
 that did if, is untnown — Let the soldiers seize 
 him, for one of the assassinates; and let me alone, 
 to accuse him afterwarrls. ^ Dryden. 
 
 Here hir'd ass(i.<s(»i for their gain invade ; 
 And treach'rous pois'ners urge their fatal trade. 
 
 Creeeh . 
 
 When she hears of a murder, she enlarges niore 
 on the guilt of the sulfering person, than of the 
 a.'isassiii. ' Addit^n. 
 
 Orestes brandish'd the revenging sword ; 
 Slew the dire pair ; and gave to fun'ral flame 
 The vile assu.isin, and adult'rous dame. Pope. 
 
 Useful, we grant ; it serves, what life requires ; 
 But, dreadful too, the dark assassin hires. Pope. 
 
 Assa'ssinate. n. s. [from assassin.] The 
 crime of an assassin ; murder. 
 
 Were not all asiawnates .and popular insurrec- 
 tions wrongfully chastised, if the meanness of the 
 offenders iiideninified them from punishment ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Assa'ssinate. v. a. [{torn assassin.] 
 
 1. To murder by violence. 
 
 Help, neighbours, my house is broken open bv 
 force ; and I am ravished, and like to be assassinatei. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 What could provoke thy madness. 
 To ass(iss(?iftfe so great, so "brave a man ? Philips. 
 
 2. To way-lay ; to take by treachery. This 
 meaning is perhaps peculiar to Wilton. 
 
 Such usage, as your honourable lords 
 Afford me,"assa.v:inated and betray 'd ; 
 Who durst not, with your whole united pow'rs. 
 In light withstand onesingleand unarm'd. Milton. 
 
 Assassina'tion. n. s. [from assassinate.] 
 The act of assassinating; murder by 
 violence. 
 
 ASS 
 
 It were done quickly ; if th' atsatsinalion 
 Could traunuel n|> the consequence. Shatcesp. 
 
 The duke Jinisnd his course by a wicked auaS' 
 sination. Clarendon. 
 
 Assassin a'tor. n. s. [from assasainate.] 
 Murderer; mankiller; the person that 
 kills another by violence. 
 
 Assa'tion. n.s. [assatus roasted, Lat.] 
 Roasting. 
 
 The egg, expiring less in the eli.xation or boil- 
 ing ; whereas, in the assatitm or roasting, it will 
 soiuetimes abate a drachm. 
 
 Brown s Vulgar Frrours. 
 
 .ASSA'ULT. n.s. [assault, French.] 
 
 1. Attack; hostile onset: opposed to </e- 
 fenee. 
 
 Her spirit had been invincible against all a**- 
 saults of aifeclion. Shakesp. 
 
 Not to be shook, thyself; but all assaults 
 Bathing, like thy hoar clilfs the loud sea wave. 
 
 Tltoinson. 
 
 2. Storm; opposed to m// or s/ffg-e. 
 Jason took at least a thousand men, and sud- 
 denly made an assault upon the city. ^ Mac. v, 5. 
 
 After some days siege, he resolved to try the 
 fortune of an assault ; he succeeded therein so far, 
 that he had taken the principal tower and fort. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 3. Hostile violence. 
 
 Themselves at discord fell. 
 And cruel combat join'd in middle space. 
 With horrible assault and fury fell. Fairy Queei>. 
 
 4. Invasion ; hostility ; attack. 
 
 After some unhappy a-<«.'iu/(.s upon the preroga- 
 tive by the parliament, which produced its disso- 
 lution, there followed a composure. Clarendon. 
 
 Theories, built upoir narrow foundations, are 
 very hard to be supported against the assaults of 
 opposition. Locke. 
 
 5. In law. A violent kind of injurj% of- 
 fered to a man's person. It may be 
 committed by offering of a blow, or by 
 a fearful speech. Cowell. 
 
 6. It has upon, before the thing assaulted. 
 To Assa'ult. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 attack; to invade; to fall upon with 
 violence. 
 
 The king granted the Jews, to gather lliem- 
 selves together, and to stand for their life, to de- 
 stroy all the power, that would assault them. 
 
 £.(/!. viu. 11. 
 
 Before the gates, the cries of babes new-born. 
 Whom fate had from their tender mothers torn. 
 Assault his ears. Dryden. 
 
 New cursed steel, and more accursed gold, 
 Gave mischief birth, and made that misclncf bold ; 
 And double death did wretched man invade. 
 By steel assaulted, and by gold betray *d. Dryden. 
 Assa'ULTER. n. s. [from assault.] One, 
 who violently assaults another. 
 
 Neither liking their eloquence, nor fearing their 
 might, we esteemed few swords, in a just defence, 
 able to resist many unjust assitulters. Sidnny. 
 
 .\SSA'Y. n.s. [cssaye, Fr. from which, 
 the ancient writers borrowed assai/, ac- 
 cording to the sound; and tlie latter, 
 essai/, according to the writing ; but the 
 senses now differing, they may be con- 
 sidered as two words.] 
 
 1. KNamination ; trial. 
 
 This camiot be, 
 Bv no assay of reason: 'tis a pageant, 
 To keep us in false gaze, Shake.f. 
 
 2. In law. The examination of measures 
 and weights, used by the clerk of tlie 
 market Cowell. 
 
 3. The first entrance upon any thing ; a 
 taste for trial. 
 
 115
 
 ASS 
 
 For well he weened, tliat so glorious l)nit 
 WoulU teiiipt his guest to take theretjf u.viui/. 
 
 Fairif Queen. 
 
 4. Trial by danger or distress ; difficulty ; 
 hardship. 
 
 She heard with patience all, unto the end ; 
 AikI slrjve, to master sorrowful assaif. Fairy Qu. 
 
 Thi- men he prest but late. 
 To hard a^ays unlit, unsure at need ; 
 Vet ariu'd to point, in well attempted plate. 
 
 Fahfax. 
 Be sure to find. 
 What I foretel thee ; many a hard assay. 
 Of (lauiiers, and adversities, and pains, 
 Kie thou of Israel's sceptre get fast hold. MUton. 
 
 To Assa'y. v. a. [cssayer, Fr.] 
 1. To make trial of; to make experiment 
 of. 
 
 One, (hat to bounty never cast his mind ; 
 Ne thought of honour ever did assay 
 His baser breast. Spensej'. 
 
 Gray and Bryan obtained leave of the general, 
 a little to assau them; and so, with some horse- 
 nu'ii, charged them iioine. Hau'i''ii>'d. 
 
 What uiiwcighed behaviour hath this drunkard 
 picked out of my conversation, that he dares in 
 this manner assm) uie ? Shakesp. 
 
 2. To apply to, as the touclistone in as- 
 
 saj/hig metals. 
 
 Whom thus afflicted when sad Eve behold, 
 Desolate where she sat; approaching nigh, 
 Soft words to his fierce passion she assay'd. MUton. 
 
 3. To try ; to endeavour. 
 
 David girded his sword upon his armour ; and 
 he assayed to go, for he had not proved it. 
 
 1 Sam. xvii. 59. 
 
 Assa'yer. n,s. [irom assay.] An officer 
 
 of the mhit, for the due trial of silver; 
 
 appointed between the master of the 
 
 mint, and the merchants that brin^ 
 
 silver thither for exchange. Cowtil. 
 
 The smelters come up to the assayers, witliin 
 one ill twenty. Woodivard on FossiU. 
 
 ASSECTATION. n. s, [assectatio, Lat.] 
 Attendance, or waiting upon. Did. 
 
 Assecu'tion. n,s. \fYorci assequor, asse- 
 cutum to obtain.] Acquirement ; the 
 act of obtaining. 
 
 By the canon law, a person, after he has been 
 m lull possession of a second benefice, cannot re- 
 turn again to his first ; because it is inunudialely 
 void by his assecution of a second. Aylijie^s Purer. 
 
 Asse'mblage. ?<. s. [assemblage, Fr.] 
 
 1. A collection ; a number of individuals 
 
 brought together. It differs from assem- 
 
 bli)j by being applied only, or chiefly, 
 
 to things; assembii/ being used only, or 
 
 generally, of persons. 
 
 All, that we amass together in our thoughts, is 
 positive; and the assemblage of a great number 
 of positive ideas of space or duration. Locke. 
 
 2. The state of being assembled. 
 
 O Hartford (fitted, or to shine in courts, 
 With unallected grace; or walk the plains. 
 With innocence and meditation join d 
 In soft assemhluge) listen to my song ! Tiiomson. 
 
 To ASSE'MBLE. v. a. [assembler, Fr.] 
 To bring together into one place. It 
 is used both of persons and things. 
 
 And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, 
 and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gal her 
 togetlier the dispersed uf Judah. IsaUiht xi. 12. 
 
 He wonders, for what end you have assemhlfd 
 Such troops of citizens to come to him. Hhukcsp. 
 
 To Asse'mble. v. 71, To meet together. 
 These iwm assembled ^ and found DaiiieJ praying. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 ASS 
 
 Ass'embly. n.s. [assemhldeyYt.l A com- 
 pany met together. 
 
 They had heard by fame. 
 Of tliis so noble and so fair assembly. 
 This night to meet here. Skahesp. 
 
 Asse'nt. n,s. [assensus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of agreeing to any thing. 
 
 Without the king's assent or knowledge, 
 You wrought to be a legate. Shake>^}. lien. VIII. 
 
 Faitli is the assent to any jiroposition, not thus 
 made out by the deduction of reason, but upon 
 the credit of the proposer. Locke. 
 
 All the arguments on both sides must be laid in 
 balance ; and, upon the whole, the understanding 
 determine its as.'icnt. Locke. 
 
 2. Consent; agreement. 
 
 To urge any thin^ upon the church ; requiring 
 thereunto that religious assent of christian belief, 
 wherewiih the words of the holy prophets are re- 
 ceived, and not to sliew it in scripture ; this did 
 the Fathers evermore think unlawful, impious, 
 and execrable. Hooker. 
 
 The evidence of God's own testimony, added 
 unto the natural assvnt of reason concerning the 
 certainty of them, doth not a little comfort and 
 confirm the same. Hooker. 
 
 To ASSE'NT. v.n. [assentirt, Lat.] To 
 concede; to yield to, or agree to. 
 
 And the Jews ako assented, saying, that these 
 thhigs were so. Acts, xxiv. 9. 
 
 Assent a'tion. w. s. [assentatio, Lat.] 
 Compliance with the opinion of an- 
 other, out of flattery or dissimalation. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Asse'ntment. n.s. [^xoxa assent.'] Con- 
 sent. 
 
 Their arguments are bat precarious, and subsist 
 upon the cnarity of vux aasentments. Br. Vulg. Err. 
 
 To ASSE'RT. V. a. [assefo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To maintain; to defend either by words 
 or actions 
 
 Your forefathers have asserted the party, which 
 they chose, till death j and died, for its defence. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To affirm ; to declare positively. 
 
 3. To claim ; to vindicate a title to. 
 
 Nor can the groveling mind, 
 In the dark dungeon of the limbs confin'd. 
 Assert the native skies, or own its heav'nly kind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Asse'rtion. 71. s. [from assei't.] 
 
 1 . The act of asserting. 
 
 2. Position advanced. 
 
 If any affirm, the carlh doth move ; and will not 
 helievewith us, it standeth still ; because he halh 
 probable reasons for it, and I no infallible sense 
 or reason aeainst it ; 1 will not quarrel with liJs 
 a.-isertnvi. hrown s I ulgar Lrrours. 
 
 Asse'rtive. adj. [from assei't.] Positive; 
 dogmatical ; peremptory. 
 
 He was not so fonrl of the principles he under- 
 took to illustratt^ as to boast their certainty ; pro- 
 posing them, not in a confident and assertiw form, 
 but as probabilities and hypotheses. Glunr. 
 
 Asse'rtor. n. s. [from assert.] Main- 
 
 tainer; vindicator; supporter; affirnier. 
 
 Among th' assertors of free reason's claim, 
 Our nation's not the least in worth or fame. Dryd. 
 
 Faithful assertor of thy country's cause, 
 Britain with tears sliall bathe thy glorious wound. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 It is an usual piece of art, to undermine the 
 authority of fundamental trutlis, by pretending to 
 shew how weak the proofs are, wliich their asser- 
 tors employ in defence of them. Atterburu. 
 
 To Asse'rve. v. a. [asservio, Lat.] To 
 serve, help, or second. Diet. 
 
 To ASSE'SS. V. a. [from assestare, Ital. to 
 make an equilibriimi, or balance,] To 
 charge with any certain sum. 
 
 ASS 
 
 Before the receipt of them in this office, tl ey 
 were oMi-.iseiJ by ilie allidavit from the time of tlie 
 inquisitiun found. Bacon. 
 
 Asse'ssion. n.s. [assessio, Lat.] A sitting 
 down by one, to give assistance or ad- 
 vice. J)ict. 
 
 Asse'ssment. n.s. [from To assess.] 
 
 1. The sum, levied on certain property. 
 
 2. The act of assessing. 
 
 What greater immunity and happiness can there 
 be to a iicople, than to'be hable to no laws, but 
 what they make tliemselves? To be subject to no 
 contribution, assessment, or any pecuniary levy 
 
 yield unto themselves? 
 Asse'ssor. n. s. [assessor, Lat.] 
 
 whatsoever ;^ but what they vote, and voluntarily 
 
 Houti. 
 
 1. The person, that sits by another; gene- 
 rally used of those, vi'ho assist the judge. 
 
 Minos, the strict inquisitor, appears; 
 And lives and crimes, with his asscssms, hears : 
 Round, in his urn, the blended balls he rowls ; 
 Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. He, that sits by another, as next in 
 dignity. 
 
 To his Son, 
 Th' assessiv of his throne, he thus began. Milton. 
 
 Twice stronger than his sire, who sat above, 
 Assessirr to Ihe'lhronc of thund'ring Jove. Dn/d. 
 
 3. He that lays taxes; derived fromassm. 
 ."V'ssE TS. n. s. tt'ilhout the singular, \as- 
 
 sez, Fr.] Goods sufficient to discharge 
 that burden, which is cast upon the exe- 
 cutor or iieir, in satisfying the testators 
 or ancestors debts or legacies. Whoever 
 pleads assets, sayeth notliing ; but that 
 the person, against whom he pleads, 
 hath enough come to his hands, to dis- 
 charge what is in demand. Cowell. 
 To ASSE'VER. 1 v. a. [(issevero, Lat.] 
 To Asse'verate. J To affirm with great 
 
 solemnity, as upon oath. 
 Assevera'tion. n.s. [ivom asseverate.l 
 Solemn affirmation, as upon oatii. 
 
 That wliicli you are persuaded of, ye have it 
 no otherwise than by your own only probable coJ- 
 lection ; and therefore such bold iiss':t€rat'wnSy as 
 in him were admirable, should, in your mouths, 
 but argi;c rashness. Hooker. 
 
 Another abuse of the tongue I might add ; ve- 
 hement asseveratiom upou slight and trivial occa- 
 sions. Hay on the Creatio^t. 
 
 The repetition gives a greater cjuphasis to the 
 words, and agrees better with the vehemence of 
 the speaker in making his ussei'emlion. 
 
 Broome's Notes on the Odyssey. 
 
 A'SSHEAD. n. s. [fromasi and /tend] One 
 
 slow of apprehension ; a blockhead. 
 
 Will you help an asshend. and a coxcomb, and 
 a knave", a thin-faced knave, a gull.' Shak, Hajn. 
 
 AssiDu'lTY. 71. s. [assiduite, Fr. assi- 
 duitus, Lat.] Diligence ; closeness of 
 application. 
 
 1 have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified 
 myself for a nomenclator. Addiso7i. 
 
 Can he, who has undertaken this, want convic- 
 tion of the necessity of his utmost vigour and 
 assiduitit to acijuit himself of it.'' Rogers. 
 
 We observe the address and assiduity they will 
 use to corrupt us. Rogers. 
 
 ASSl'DUOUS. adj. [assiduiis, Lat.] Con- 
 stant in application. 
 
 Anil if by pray'r 
 Incessant I could hope to change the will 
 Of him who all things can, I would not ceas6 
 To weary him with my assiduous cries. MUton. 
 The most assiduous "talebearers, and bitterest re- 
 vilers, are often half-witted people. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 116 
 
 i
 
 AS S 
 
 In summer, you see tl,e l.en givn.R hers.lf 
 Ereat.t freed.-..,., mul <iuiu,ng l.er c.rc l..r «bmc 
 ^v„ liours together ; but m winter, « l.en the 
 rllm of the season would ehill the |,rn,c>ples of 
 life, and destroy the young o.te she grow. ...ore 
 ^d„.„« in heratte,.da..ce. and «tays away but 
 half the lime. , ,. , , u 
 
 Eaeh still renews lier little abour, 
 Nor iustles l.er assiduous neighbour. _ frfr. 
 
 Assiduously, adv. [trom assiduous.] 
 Diliaently ; continually. 
 
 Th? trade, that obliges artificers to be flssidu- 
 msly conversant with U.eii materials, is tlm^^of 
 
 ^' The'l^bitable earth may have been perpetually 
 the drier, seeing it is assiducisly dvam^d a,.d ex- 
 hausteil by the seas. JienUef^. 
 
 To Assi'EGE. V. a. [assieger, Fr.J lo be- 
 siege. Obsolete. /^'ct. 
 
 On tir other side th' assiewd castles ward 
 Their stetlfast arms did n.igl.l.ly maintain, bpens. 
 ASS[E^'TO. n. s. [In Spanish, a con- 
 tract or bargain.] A contract or conven- 
 tion between the king of Spain and 
 other powers, for furnishing the Spanish 
 doiniiiions in America with negro slaves. 
 To ASSl'GN. v.a. [assigner, Fr. as- 
 
 signo, Lat ] 
 1 To mark out ; to appoint. 
 
 He assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew 
 
 that valiant men were. . ..^ '^r'lV ff 
 
 The two armies were assigned to the leading ot 
 
 two generals, both of them rathercourUers assured 
 
 to the state, than mariial men. Macon. 
 
 Both joining, _ 
 As join'd in injuries, one enmity 
 Aoainst a foe by doom express assign d us. 
 That cruel serpent. . . Milton. 
 
 True qualitv is neglected, virtue is oppressed, 
 and vice triuiiiiihant. The last day will assign to 
 every one a station suitable to his character. 
 
 •^ Addison. 
 
 2. To fix with regard to quantity or value. 
 
 There is no such iiitrinsick, natural, settled 
 value ill any thing, as to make any assigned qurm- 
 titv of it constantly worth any assigned quantity ot 
 anitlier. . ^f'- 
 
 3. [In law.] In general, to appoint a de- 
 puty, or make over a right to another ; 
 in particular, to appoint or set forth, as 
 to assign error, is to shew in what part 
 of the process error is committed; to 
 assign false judgment, is to declare how 
 and'wheretiie judgment is unjust; to 
 assign the cessor, is to shew how the 
 plaintiff had cessed, or given over ; to 
 aisign waste, is to shew wherein espe- 
 cially the waste is committed. Cou-ell. 
 
 Assi'GNABLE. nr//. [from assig-n.] That 
 whiih may be marked out, or fixed. 
 
 Arisloile lield that it streamed by connatural 
 result and ei.ianalion friun God ; so Ihat there was 
 no instant aivg,i,.//(e i.fUod's eternal existence, in 
 which the w orld did not also co-exist. Smil/i. 
 
 Assigna'tion. n.s [assignation, Fr.] 
 
 1 . .\n appointment to meet : used gene- 
 rally of love appointments. 
 
 The lovers ex|'ected the return of this stated 
 hour with as much impatience as if it had been a 
 real assignation. . Spectator. 
 
 Or w hen a whore, in her vocation, 
 Keeps punctual to an ussigimlion. Sicift. 
 
 2. A making over a thing to another. 
 Assignee, n.s. [assigne,Vr.] He that 
 
 is appointed or deputed by another to do 
 any act, or perform any business, or en- 
 joy any commodity. And an assignee 
 may be either in deed or in law ; assignee 
 in deed, is he that is appointed by a 1 
 
 ASS 
 
 person ; assignee in law, is he whom the 
 law makelh" so, without any appoint- 
 ment of tlie person. Cowell. 
 . [from assign.] He that 
 
 Assigner. 
 appoints 
 
 The gospel is at once the (issJgncr of our tasks, 
 and the magazine of our strength. Decay oj I'nli,. 
 Assi'gnment. n.s. [from cs4i>)i.] Ap- 
 propriation of one thing to another 
 
 thing or person. 
 
 Tlie only thing which maketh any place pub- 
 Uck, is the pubRck assignment thereof unl<j such 
 
 duties. . ■. . """''"'■ 
 
 This institution, which assigns it to a pi-rson, 
 whom we have no rule to know, is just as good as 
 an assignment to no body at all. i^c'f 
 
 Assimilable, adj. [from assimilale.] 
 That which may be converted to the 
 same nature with somChin^ else. 
 
 The spirits of many will lind but ITd.'-.ClJ !...iUs- 
 tions ; meeting no a'ssimiljil'lcs w herein to re-acl 
 their natures. iJruicn's I'ulgur L, mna. 
 
 To ASSI'MILATE. r. n. [assimilo, Lat ] 
 To perform the act of converting foot! 
 to nouri.shment. 
 
 Birds assimUate less, and excern more, than 
 beasts ; for their excrements arc ever liquid, and 
 their flesh generally more dry. Bucnn's Kut. iM. 
 Birds be commonlv better meat than beasts, be- 
 cause their flesh doth assimilate more finely, and 
 secerneth more subtilely. Bacon's ^atll.ral History. 
 
 To Assi'milate. v.a. 
 
 1 , To bring to a likeness, or resemblance. 
 
 A ferine and necessitous kind of life would 
 easily assimilate at least the next generation to bar- 
 barism and ferineness. . u 
 
 They are not over-patient of mixture ; but such, 
 whom they cannot assimilate, soon find it their 
 interest to remove. . Nryt. 
 
 2. To turn to its own nature by digestion. 
 Tasting concoct, digest, assimilate. 
 
 And corporeal to incorporeal turn. Hilton. 
 
 Hence also animals and vegetables may assirai- 
 late their nourishment; moist nourishmeut easily 
 changing its texture, till it becomes like the dense 
 earth! „ . -^ f '''""• 
 
 Assi'milateness. n.s. [twmassimilntc.] 
 Likeness. Diet. 
 
 Assimila'tion. n.s. [{rom as.'^imUale.] 
 
 1 . The act of converting any thing to the 
 nature or substance of another. 
 
 It furthers the very act of a.5sinu7alijn of nourish- 
 ment, by so.i.e outward emollients that make the 
 parts m.Me apt to assimilate. Bacons Aat. Ih-it. 
 
 2. The stale of being assimilated, or be- 
 coming like something else. 
 
 A nourishment in a large acceptation, but not 
 in propriety, conserving the body, not repa.ring 
 it by assimilation, but preserving it by vent.lat.on. 
 Brotvn s I ulgar krroars. 
 It is as well the instinct as duty of our nature, 
 to aspire to an assimilation with Gud; even the 
 most laudable and generous ambitiisn. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Assi'mulate. v. a. [assimnlo, Lat.] 
 
 To feign ; to counterfeit. Diet 
 
 Assimula'tion. n.s. [assimulalio, Lat.] 
 
 A dissembling ; a counterfeiting. Diet. 
 
 To .^SSI'ST. r. a. [assister, Fr. Mssisto, 
 
 Lat.] To help. 
 
 Receive her in the Lord, as becometh saints, 
 and assist her in whatsoever business she hath need 
 
 Horn. xvi. 2. 
 It is necessary and assisting to all our other in- 
 tellectual faculi'ies. . I^eke. 
 Acquaintance with method will a.isist one in 
 ranging l.u.nan atTairs. iraKs's U'gich. 
 She "no sooner yielded to adultery, but she 
 a-reed to assist hi the murder of her husband. 
 ° Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 ASS 
 
 Assi'sTANCE. n. s. [assistance, Fr.] Help ; 
 furtherance. 
 
 I'lie council of Trent commends recourse, not 
 only to the prayers of the saints, but to their aid 
 am! nssislance: "What doth thi» aid and a.«istaiire 
 signifv ? .'ililliii^Jket. 
 
 Vim have abundant assistances for this kiiow. 
 ledge, in excellent books. Wake's Prep. Jar Death. 
 
 Let us entreat this necessary assittance, that by 
 his grace lie would lead us. Ilogen. 
 
 Assistant, adj. [tiom assist.] Helping; 
 lending aid. 
 
 Some perchance did adhere to the duke, and 
 
 were assistant to him openly, or at least under hand. 
 
 Hale's Common I.aw of F.ngtaiid. 
 
 For the performance of this work, a vital or 
 
 directive principle seemcth to be assistant to the 
 
 corporeal. Grew. 
 
 Assi'stant. n. s. [from assist.] 
 
 1. A person engaged in an affair, not as 
 principal, but as auxiliary or ministerial. 
 
 Some young towardly noblemen or gentlemen 
 were usually sent as assistanti or attenUaiits, ac- 
 cording to the quality of the persons. Bacon. 
 
 2. Sometimes it is" perhaps only a softtT 
 word for an attendant. 
 
 The pale assistants on each other star'd. 
 With gaping mouths, for issuing words prepar'd. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 ASSIZE, n. s. [assise a sitting, Fr.] 
 
 1. An assembly of knights and oilier sub- 
 stantial men, with the bailiff or justice, 
 in a certain place, and at a certain time. 
 
 2. A jury. 
 
 3. An ordinance or statute. 
 
 4. The court, place, or time, where and 
 when the writs and processes of assize 
 are taken. Cowell. 
 
 The law was never executed by any justices .jf 
 assise ; but the people left to their ow n laws 
 
 Davies on Ireland. 
 
 At each assize and term, we try 
 A thousand rascals of as deep a dye. Dryd. Jin: 
 
 5. Any coiyrt of justice. 
 The judging God shall close the book of fate. 
 
 And there the last assizes keep. 
 
 For those who wake, and those who sleep. Dryd. 
 
 6. Assize of bread, ah, StC. Measure of 
 price or rate. Thus it is said, iclnn 
 u'hciit is of such a price, the bread shall 
 be of such assize. 
 
 7. Measure ; for which we now use size. 
 On high hill's top I saw a stately frame. 
 
 An huniTred cubits high by just assize. 
 
 With hundred pillars. Spenser. 
 
 To Assize, r. a. [from the noun.] To fix 
 the rate of any thing, by an assize or writ. 
 
 Assi'zER. or.\ssi'sER. n.s. [from assirf.] 
 Is an officer, that has the care and over- 
 sight of weights and measures. Chamb. 
 
 Asso'ciABLE. adj. [associabilis, Lat.] 
 That, which may be joined to another. 
 
 To ASSO'CI.\TE. V. a. [associer, Fr. as- 
 socio, Lat ] 
 
 1. To unite with another, as a confederate. 
 A fearful army, led by Cains Marcius, 
 
 Associated with Xufidius, rages 
 
 I'pon our territories. Sliahespeirre. 
 
 2. To adopt, as a friend, upon equal terms. 
 Associate in your tow n a wand'ring train ; 
 
 And strangers in your palace entertain. Dryden. 
 
 3. To accompany; to keep company with 
 another. 
 
 Friends should associate friends in grief and n oe. 
 
 Siake^are. 
 
 4. To unite; to join. 
 
 117
 
 ASS 
 
 Some oleaginous particles uiipercti-'cdly associ- 
 ated llicni-icixes to it. Btiiitc. 
 
 6. It has generally the particle ifilh ; as, 
 he associated with his master's enemies. 
 
 To Asso'ciATE. I', n. To unite himself; 
 to join himself. 
 
 Asso'ciATE. adj. [from the verb.] Con- 
 federate ; joined in interest or purpose. 
 
 Wiiiic 1 descend through darkness 
 To tny iissociate pow'rs, tlieni to acquaint 
 Witli tliese successes. Milton. 
 
 Asso'ciATE. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A person, joined with another; a part 
 ner. 
 
 They persuade the Iving, now in old age, to 
 make Plaiigus his associate in government with 
 him. Siihiei). 
 
 2. A confederate, in a good or neutral 
 sense; an accomplice in ill. 
 
 Their defender, and his associates, have sithence 
 
 firoposed to the world a form, such as tlicuisclves 
 ike. Hooker. 
 
 3. A companion ; implying some kind of 
 equality. 
 
 He was accompanied, with a noble gentleman, 
 no inisuitaf>Ieas5[K'm(e. JVotton. 
 
 Sole Eve, associate sole, to me (beyond 
 Coinpare) above all living creatures dear. Milton. 
 
 licit my associates now my stay deplore,' 
 Iiiipatieiit. Pope's Odnssei/. 
 
 Associa'tion. Ji.s. [£rom assuciate.] 
 
 1. Union; conjtmction; society. 
 
 The church, being a society, Inth the self-same 
 original grounds, whicli other pcilitick societies 
 have ; the natural inclination wliich all men have 
 unto sociable life, and consent to some certain 
 bond of association ; which bond is the law, that 
 appointeth what kind of order they should be 
 associated in. Hooker 
 
 2. Confederacy ; union for particular pur- 
 poses, good or ill. 
 
 This could not be done, but with mighty oj'- 
 positiou ; against which to strengthen themselves, 
 . tliey secretFy entered into a league of association. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 3. Partnership. 
 Self-denial is a kind of holy association with 
 
 God; and, by making you his'partner, interests 
 you in all hisliappiness. Boyle. 
 
 4. Connection. 
 Association of ideas is of great importance, and 
 
 may be of excellent use. Watts. 
 
 5. Apposition ; union of matter. 
 The chaugesof corporeal things are to be placed, 
 
 ■ only in the various separations, and new associa- 
 tions, and motions, of these permanent particles. 
 
 Newton . 
 
 A'ssoNANCE. n. s. [assonance, Fr.] Re- 
 ference of one sound, to anotlier resem- 
 bling it. Resemblance of sound. Diet. 
 
 Assonant, adj. [assonant, Fr.] Sound- 
 ing in a manner, resembling another 
 sound. Did. 
 
 To .-Vsso'rt. v. a. [assortir, Fr ] To range 
 in classes, as one thing suits witii ano- 
 
 . ther. 
 
 Asso'rtment. ti s. [from assort.'^ 
 
 1. The act of classing or ranging. 
 
 2. A mass or quantity, propeily selected 
 and ranged. 
 
 To Asso't. v. a. [fromsoi; assottr, Fr.] 
 To infatuate ; to besot: a word out of 
 use. 
 
 or how they were 
 
 ASS 
 
 liut, whence they sprunj 
 begot, 
 
 Uneath is to assure ; uneath to weene 
 That monstrous errour, which doth some assot. 
 
 ijienser. 
 
 To ASSUA'GE. v. a. [The derivation of 
 this word is uncertain: Minshcw de- 
 duces it from adsuadcre, or assuaviare ; 
 Junius, from j-pfe]fsweet ; from whence 
 Skinnir imagines aj-pa>]-an might have 
 been formed.] 
 
 1. To mitigate; to soften; to allay. 
 
 Refresliing winds the summer's h'lats assuage; 
 And kindly warmth disarms the winter's rage. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. To appease ; to pacify. 
 Yet is his hate, his rancour, ne'er the less ; 
 
 Since nought assnagetk malice, when 'tis told. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 This was necessary, for the securing the people 
 
 from their fears, cap'able of being assuaged by no 
 
 other means. Clarendon. 
 
 Shall I, t' assuage 
 
 Their brutal rage. 
 
 The regal stcju destroy.' Drydcn's Albion. 
 
 3. To ease ; as, the medicine assuages pain. 
 To Assuage, v. n. To abate. 
 
 God made the wind, to pass over the earth; 
 and the waters assuaged. . Gen. viii. 1. 
 
 Assua'gement. ti. s. [from assuage.] 
 Mitigation ; abatement of evil. 
 
 Tell me, when shall these we:iry woes have 
 end ; 
 Or shall their ruthless torment never cease. 
 But all my days in pining languor sjiend. 
 Without hope ot a.ssuagement or release. 
 
 Spen.ser's Sonnets. 
 Assua'ger. w. s. [from assuage.] One, 
 
 who pacifies or appeases. 
 Assua'sive. adj. [i'rom assuage.] Soften- 
 ing; mitigating. 
 
 If in the breast tumultuous joys arise, 
 Musick her soft assunsive voice supjilies. 
 
 Pope's St. Cucilia. 
 
 To Assu'bjugate. v. a. [subjugo, La.t.] 
 To subject to ; not in use. 
 
 This valiant lord 
 Must not so state his palm, nobly acquir'd ; 
 Nor by my will assubjugate his merit. 
 By gonig to Achilles. Shakespeare. 
 
 Assuefa'ctjon. n.s. [assuefacio, Lat.] 
 The state of being accustomed to any 
 thing. 
 
 Right and left, as parts inservient unto the 
 motive faculty, are differenced by degrees from 
 use and assnefaction, or according 'whereto the one 
 grows stronger. Broirns Vulgar Errouj-s. 
 
 Assue'tude. n.s. [assuetvdo, Lat.] Ac- 
 
 customance; custom; habit. 
 
 We sec, that a^stietudc of things hurtful, doth 
 make them lose the force to hurt. 
 
 Bacon's Wat. Hist. 
 
 To ASSU'ME. V. a. [assumo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To take. 
 This when the various god had urg'd in vain. 
 
 He strait assuoi'd bis native form again. Pope. 
 
 2. To take upon (^ne's self. 
 With ravish'd ears 
 I'he monarch hears ; 
 .■issumes the God, 
 Atiects to nod ; 
 
 And seems, to shake the spheres. Drtjden. 
 
 3. To arriigate; to claim or seize unjustly. 
 
 4. To suppose someth-ing granted without 
 proof. 
 
 In every hypothesis, something is allo^i'ed to 
 be assumed. Boijle. 
 
 5. To apply to one's own use : to appro- 
 priate. 
 
 His majesty might well assttme the complaint 
 and expression of king David. Clarejidon. 
 
 To Assu'me. v.n. To be arrogant; to 
 
 claim more than is due. 
 
 ASS 
 
 Assu'mer. n.s. [from as.mme.] An aiTo- 
 gant man ; a man, who claims more 
 than his due. 
 
 Can man be wisi; in anv course, in which he is 
 not safe too? But can these high assumers, and 
 pretenders to reason, jirove thejnselvcs so? South. 
 
 Assu'ming. participial adj. [from as- 
 sume.] Arrogant; haughty. 
 
 His haughty looks, and his assuming air. 
 The son ot Isis could no longer bear. Drydnx. 
 
 This niakes him over-forward in business, as- 
 suming in conversation, and peremijtory in .iii- 
 ">'''''•'*• Collier. 
 
 ASSU'MPSrr. ». «. [assumo, Lat.] A 
 voluntary promise, made by word ; 
 wdieieby a man taketh upon him, to per- 
 form or i)ay any thing to another : it 
 contains any verba! promise, made upon 
 consideration. L'owclL 
 
 Assu'mption. ?i..s. [assumptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of taking any thing to one's 
 self. 
 
 The personal descent of God himself, and his 
 assumption of our llesh to his divinity, more fami- 
 liarly to insini:alt his plcsurc to us, was an cii- 
 furcement beyond all methods of wisdom. 
 
 Hammond's Fmulamentats. 
 
 2. The supposition, or act of supposing, 
 
 of any thing, without further proof. 
 
 These, by wny of assumption, uiider the two ce- 
 neral propositions, are intrinsically and ualnra7lv 
 good or had. Norri's. 
 
 3. The thing supposed ; a postulate. 
 
 Hold, says the Stoick ; your assumption's wron" : 
 I grant, true freedom you have well delin'd. Dci/d. 
 Tor the assumption, that Christ did such miracu- 
 lous and supernatural works, to confirm wJiat he 
 said ; we need only repeat the message, sent by 
 him to John the Baptist. South. 
 
 4. The taking up any person into heavei}; 
 which is supposed, by the Romish 
 church, of the Blessed A'irgin. 
 
 Upon the feast of the assumption of tlie Blessed 
 Virgui, the pope and carduials keep the ves|)crs. 
 
 Stiltiugjleet. 
 
 Adam, after a certain period of years, would 
 have been rewarded with an assumption to eterjia! 
 felicity. [late. 
 
 Assu'mptive. adj. [assumptivus, Lat.] 
 
 That is assumed. 
 Assu'rance. n.s. [assurance, Ti.] 
 I. Certain expectation. 
 
 Though hope be indeed a lower and lesser 
 thing, than assurance; yet, as to all the purposes 
 of a pious life ; prove more useful. South. 
 
 What encouragement can be given to goodness, 
 beyond the hopes of heaven, and the assurance of 
 an endless fellcily ? Tilloison. 
 
 Secure confidence ; trust. 
 Whatman is he, that boasis of fleshly might, 
 Audrain assurance of mortality ; 
 Which all so soon, as it doth come to fight 
 Against sjnritualfoes, yields by and by. Fairy Q, 
 3. Freedom fiom doubt ; certain know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Proof, from the authority of m.-m's judgment, 
 is not able to work that assurance; which dutti 
 grow, by a stronger proof. Hooker. 
 
 'Tis far off; 
 And rather like a dream, than an assurance 
 That my renicrahrance warrants. Shah. Tempest, 
 I'he obedient, and the man of practice, shall 
 outgrow all their doubts and ignorances ; till per- 
 suasion pass into knowledge, and knowledge ad- 
 vance into assurance. South. 
 Hath he found, in an evil course, that com- 
 fortable assurance of God's favour, and good hopes 
 of his future condition, whiph a religious life 
 would have given him ? Tillotson. 
 
 118 
 
 2.
 
 ASS 
 
 4. Firmness ; undoubting steadiness. 
 
 Men, whose consideratiuii will relieve our mo- 
 desly, and give us courage aud assurance in the 
 duties of our profession. Rogers. 
 
 6. Confidence ; want of modesty ; exemp- 
 tion from awe or fear. 
 
 My behaviour, ill governed, gave you the first 
 comfort ; my all'eclion, ill hid, hath given you this 
 last assurance. Sidney. 
 
 6. Freedom from vitious shame. 
 Conversation, when they come into the world, 
 
 will add to their knowledge and assurance. Locke. 
 
 7. Ground of confidence ; security; suffi- 
 cient reason for trust or belief. 
 
 Tire nature of desire itself is no easier to receive 
 belief, than it is hard to ground belief; for as de- 
 sire is glad to embrace the first shew of comfort, 
 so is desire desirous of perfect assurancr. Sidney. 
 
 As the conquest was but slight and superficial, 
 so the pope's donation to the Irish submissions 
 were but weak and fickle assurances. 
 
 Davies on Ireland. 
 None, of woman boru. 
 
 Shall harm Macbeth. 
 
 —Then live, Macduff! what need I fear of theer 
 But vet I'll make ussnrance double sure. 
 And "take a bond of fate : thou slialt not live. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I must confess, your offer is the best ; 
 And, let your father make her the a.isiirance. 
 She is your own, else you must pardoti me ; 
 If you "should die before him, where's her dower? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 An (K-Mirancc, being passed through for a com- 
 petent fine, hath come back agaui by reason of 
 some oversiglit. Bacon. 
 
 8. Spirit ; intrepidity. 
 
 They, like resolute men, stood in tlie face of 
 the breach, with more assuTancCf than the wall 
 itself. Knotles. 
 
 With all th' asstirance, innocence can bring ; 
 Fearless without, because secure within : 
 Arm'd with my courage, unconcern'd I see 
 This pomp ; a shame to you, a pride to me. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 9. Sanguineness ; readiness to hope. 
 This is not the grace of hope, but a good natu- 
 ral assurance or confidence ; which Aiistotle ob- 
 serves young men to be full of, and old men not 
 so inclined to. Hammond. 
 
 10. Testimony of credit. 
 
 I am a gentleman, of blood and breeding ; 
 And, from some knowledge and assurarLce of vou, 
 Otfer this office. Skahef!}}. King Lear. 
 
 We have as great assurance, that there is a God ; 
 as we could e.\pect to have, supposing that he 
 were. Tillotson. 
 
 11. Conviction. 
 
 Such an assurance of things, as will make men 
 careful to avoid a lesser danger, ought to awaken 
 men to avoid a greater. Tillotson. 
 
 12. [In theology.] Security, with respect 
 to a future state ; certainty of accept- 
 ance with God. 
 
 13. The same with insurance. See In- 
 surance. 
 
 To As.su'ee. r. a. [asseurer, Fr. from asse- 
 curare, low Latin.] 
 
 1. To give confidence, by a firm promise. 
 
 So, when he had assured them with many words, 
 that he would restore them without hurt," accord- 
 ing to the agreement ; they let him eo, for the 
 saving of their brethren. "2 Mac. \ii. 
 
 2. To secure to another ; to malvc firm. 
 
 So irresistible an authority cannot be reflected 
 on, without the most awful reverence ; even by 
 those, whose piety assui-es its favour to them. 
 
 Bogers. 
 
 3. To make confident ; to exempt from 
 doubt or fear ; to confer security. 
 
 And hereby we know, that we are of the truth, 
 •nd shall assure our hearts before him. 
 
 1 John, m. 19. 
 
 AST 
 
 I revive. 
 At this last sight ; assur'd, that man shall live 
 With all the creatures, and their seed preserve. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 4. To make secure : with of. 
 
 But what on earth can long abide in state ? 
 Orwho can him hsskit ii/happy day ? Spenser. 
 
 And, for that dow'ry, I'll assui-c lier of 
 Her widowhood (be it", that she survives rae) 
 In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To affiance ; to betroth. 
 
 This divmer laid claim to me ; called me Dro- 
 
 raio ; swore, I was assured to her. Shakesp. 
 
 Assu'red. participial adj. [from assure.] 
 
 1. Certain; indubitable; not doubted. 
 
 It is an assured experience ; that flint, laid about 
 the bottom of a tree, makes it prosper. 
 
 Bacon's Natural HUt. 
 
 2. Certain ; not doubting. 
 
 Voung princes close your hands, 
 
 And your lips too ; for, I am well assured. 
 
 That I did" so, when I was first assurd. 
 
 Shakespeai-e's King John. 
 As, when by night the glass 
 OfGalil.xo, less assur'rf, observes 
 Imagin'd lands and regions in the moon, Milton. 
 a. Immodest; vitiously confident. 
 Assu'redly. adv. [from assured.'] Cer- 
 tainly ; indubitably. 
 
 They proinis'd me eternal happiness. 
 And ^brouglit me garlands, Griffith ; which, I feel, 
 I am not worthy yet to wear : I shall assuredly, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 God is absolutely good ; and so, assuredly the 
 cause of all, that is good : but, of any thing that 
 is evil, he is no cause at all. 
 
 Raleigh's Hist, of the World. 
 Assuredlii he will stop our liberty, till we re- 
 store him his worship. South. 
 
 Assuredness, n.s. [from assured.] The 
 
 state of being assured ; certainty. 
 Assurer, n.s. [from assure.] 
 
 1. He, that gives assurance. 
 
 2. He, that gives security to make good 
 any loss. 
 
 To ASSWA'GE. See ASSUAGE. 
 
 -VsTERlSK. n. s. [are^'o-!'.©'.] A mark in 
 printing or writing, in form of a little 
 star; as *. 
 
 He also published the translation of the Septua- 
 gint by itself; having first compared it, witli the 
 Hebrew ; and noted by asterisks, what was defec- 
 tive ; and by obelisks, 'wliat w.-is redundant. Grew. 
 
 A'sTERlSM. 71.S. [asterismus, hat.] 
 
 1. A constellation. 
 
 Poetry had filled the skies with asterisms, and 
 histories belonging to them ; and then astrology- 
 devises the feigned virtues and influences of each. 
 Bentleu's Sermo}is. 
 
 2. An asterisk, or mark. This is a very 
 improper use. 
 
 Dwell particularly on passages with an asterism*; 
 for the observations, which tollow such a note, 
 will give you a clear light. Drydcn's Dufresnoy. 
 
 Aste'rn. adv. [from a and sle7-ti.] In the 
 hinder part of the ship ; behind the ship. 
 
 The galley gives her side, and turns her ]>row ; 
 While those astern, descending down the steep, 
 Thro' gaping ways behold the boiling deep. Dryd. 
 
 To AsTERT. V. a. [a word used by Spen- 
 ser, as it seems, for start or startle] 
 To terrify ; to startle ; to fright. 
 
 We deem of dentil, as doom of ill desert ; 
 But, knew we fools what it us brings until. 
 Die would we daily, once it to e.\pert ; 
 No danger there the shepherd can astert. Spcns. 
 
 A'STHMA. n. s. [ao-Sfta.] A frequent, dif- 
 ficult, and sliort re.-.|)irationj joined with 
 a hissing sound and a cough ; especially 
 in the night-time, and when the body is 
 
 AST 
 
 in a prone posture; because then the 
 contents of the lower belly bear so 
 against the diaphragm, as to lessen the 
 capacity of the breast, whereby the lungs 
 have less room to move. Quincy. 
 
 An asthma is the inflation of the memb.-'anes of 
 the lungs, and of the membranes co\criiig the 
 muscles of the thorax. Floyer on the Humours. 
 
 Asthma'tical. i adj. [from asthma.'] 
 Asthma'tick. / Troubled with an 
 asthma. 
 
 In asihmatical persons, though the lungs be 
 very much stuffed with tough phlegm ; yet the 
 patient may live some months, if not some y*?ars. 
 
 Boyte. 
 
 After drinking, our horses are most asthmatickf 
 
 and, for avoiding the watering of tliem, wc wet 
 
 their hay. Floyer. 
 
 AsTONiED. part. adj. A word used in 
 the version of the Bible tor astonished. 
 
 Many were astonied at thee. Isaiah, ill. 11. 
 
 Unmanly dread invades 
 The French astony'd. J. Philips. 
 
 To ASTO'NISH. i'. a. [estonner, Fr. from 
 attonitus, Lat.] To contbund with some 
 sudden passion, as with fear or wonder ; 
 to amaze ; to surprise ; to stun. 
 
 It is the part of men, to fear and tremble ; 
 When the most mighty gods, by tokens, send 
 Such dreadful heralds to astonish hs. Shakesp. 
 
 Astonish'd at the voice, he stood amaz'd, 
 And all around with inward horror gaz'd. Addison. 
 
 A genius, universal as his theme. 
 Astonishing as chaos. Thomson. 
 
 Asto'nishingness. n. s. [from astonish.] 
 Of a nature, to excite astonishment. 
 
 Asto'nishment. ji. s. [estonnement, Fr.] 
 Amazement; confusion of mind, from 
 fear or wonder. 
 
 We found, with no less wonder to us, than 
 
 astonishment to themselves, that they were the two 
 
 valiant and famous brothers. Sidney. 
 
 She e^teelned this, as much above his wisdom ; 
 
 as astonishment is, beyond bare adiuiration. South. 
 
 To ASTo'UND. v.'a. [estonner, Fr.] To 
 astonish ; to confound with fear or won- 
 der. This word is now somewhat ob- 
 solete. 
 These thoughts may startle well, but not 
 astound. 
 The virtuous mind ; that ever walks, attended 
 By a strong siding champion, conscience. Milton. 
 
 A-S-tra'ddle. adv. [from a and straddle.] 
 With one's legs acro!s any thing Diet. 
 
 A'stragal. n. s. [is-^-ayaX®- the ankle or 
 ankle-bone.] A little round member, in 
 the form of a ring or bracelet, ser\ing 
 as an ornament at the tops and bottoms 
 of columns. Builder's Diet. 
 
 Vi'e see none of that ordinary confusion, which 
 is the result of quarter rounds of tlie astragal, and 
 ( 1 know not how many) other iutermuigled par 
 tieulars. Spectator. 
 
 A'stral. adj. [from astrtim, Lat.] Starry; 
 belonging to the stars. 
 
 Some astral forms I must invoke by pray'r, 
 Fram'd all of purest atoms of the air ; 
 Not in their natures simply good or ill. 
 But most subservient to bad'spirits will. Dryden. 
 
 Astr.\'y. adv. [from a and strai/^ Out 
 of the right way. 
 
 May seem, the wain was very evil led ; 
 When such an one had guiding of the way ; 
 That knew not, whether righ"t he went, or else 
 astray. Spenser. 
 
 You run (fs/rfli/.- for, whilst we talk of Ireland, 
 you rip up the original of Scotland. Spenser on Iret. 
 
 Like one, thatliad been led astray. 
 Through the heav'us w ide pathless way. Milton. 
 
 119
 
 AST 
 
 Tfl ASTRI'CT. t).n. [asfrln^o, F.at.] To 
 contract by applications, in opposition 
 to 7-t:l(ix : a ■word not so much used, as 
 constriiigr. 
 
 The sulid parts were In be relaxed cir astricted^ 
 as tliej let the Iiuinours pass, either in Itio siiiati 
 or too f^reat quantities. Aibittliiwt on AlimtuU. 
 
 AsTEl'cTiON. «. s. [astrictio, Lat.] The 
 act or power of contracling tlie parts of 
 the body by applications. 
 
 Astrictwn is in a substance, that hatii a virtual 
 cold ; and it *brkcth, partlj by the same means, 
 tiiat cold doth. Bacon. 
 
 This virtue requireth an astriclion ; but surh an 
 osh-ictioii, as is not grateful to the body : for a 
 pleasing cTtnction dotli rather bind in the nerves, 
 than expel them ; and therefore such astriction is 
 found in things of a harsh taste. Bacon. 
 
 Lenitive substances are proper, for dry atra- 
 bilarian constitutions;^ who are subject *o astric- 
 tion of the belly, -and t'he piles. Arlmtlinui on Diet. 
 AsTRi'cTlVE. adj. [from astrict.] Stip- 
 tick; of a binding quality. Diet. 
 
 AsTRl'cTORY. adj. [astrictorius, Lat.] 
 Astringent ; apt to bind. D'ut. 
 
 Astride, adv. [from a and stride.l With 
 the legs open. 
 
 To lay their native arms aside. 
 
 Their modesty ; aiid ride astride. Hudihras. 
 
 I saAv a place, where the Rhone is so straitened 
 
 between two rocks, that a man may stand astride 
 
 upon both at once. Rai/lfr. 
 
 AsTRiFERous. adj. [astrifer, Lat.] Bear- 
 ing or having stars. Diet. 
 
 Astri'gerous. adj. [aslriger, Lat.] Car- 
 rying stars. Diet. 
 
 To ASTRI'NGE. v. a. [astringo, Lat.] 
 To press by contraction ; to make the 
 parts draw together. 
 
 Tears are caused hy a contraction of the spirits 
 of the brain; which contraction, by conse(|uence, 
 astringctli the moisture of the brain, and thereby 
 sendeth tears into the eyes. Bacon. 
 
 AsTRlNGENCY. 11. s. [from aslringe.] 
 The power of contracting the parts of 
 the body ; opposed to the power of re- 
 laxation. 
 
 Astriction prohibitetli dissolution; as, in me- 
 dicines, astringents inhibit putrefaction ; and, by 
 astringencij, some small quantify of oil of vitriol 
 will keep freshwater long from putrefying, 
 
 Bacon^s Natural Historif, 
 Acid, acrid, austere, and bitter substances, hy 
 their astringency, create liorrour ; that is, stimu- 
 late I he libres. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Astringent, adj. [astringens. Lat.] 
 Binding; contracting; opposed to la.ra- 
 tivc : it is used sometimes of tastes, 
 •which seem to contract the mouth. 
 
 Astrinf^ent medicines are binding, which act by 
 the as])crity of their particles ; whereby they cor- 
 rugate the membranes, and make them draw up 
 closer. Quinci). 
 
 I'he niyrobalan hath parts of contrary natures; 
 for it is sweet, and yet astringent. Bacon' 
 
 The juice is very astringent, and therefore of 
 slow motion. Bacon's Natural Hiiturti. 
 
 What diminisheth sensible perspiration, en- 
 creaseth the insensible; for that reason, a strength- 
 ening and astringent diet often conduceth t./ibis 
 purpose. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 A'strography. n. s. [from ur^ov and 
 yjaipw.] The science of describing the 
 stars. JJict. 
 
 Astrolabe, n. s. [of ar^av, and XaStr. to 
 take.] 
 
 1. An insti-umt>nt, chiefly used for taking 
 the altitude of the pole, the sun, or 
 stars, at sea. 
 
 AST 
 
 2. A stereograph ick projection of the cir 
 clos of tlie sphere, iijjon the plain of 
 some great circle. Cheiiibers. 
 
 Asiro'loger. n. .s. [astrohgus, Lat.] 
 from ar^ot and ^oy©-.] 
 
 1. One, that (supposing the influences of 
 the stars to have a causal power) pro- 
 fesses to foretel or discover events, de- 
 pending on those influences. 
 
 Not unlike that, whicli astrologers call a con- 
 junction of planets, of no very benign aspect the 
 one to the other. Wotton. 
 
 A happy genius is thegiftof nature : it depends 
 on the influence of the stars, say the astrologers ; 
 on the organs of the body, say the naturalists ; it 
 is the particular gift of heaven, say the divines, 
 both enristians and heathens. Drudcn. 
 
 Astrologers, that future fates foreshew. 'J'ope. 
 I never heard a finer satire against lawyers, than 
 that of asfnj/o^crs ; when they pretend, by rules 
 of art, to telT w lien a suit will end, and whether 
 to the advantage of the plaintilf or defendant. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. It was anciently used for one, that un- 
 derstood or explained the motions of the 
 planets, without including prediction. 
 
 A worthy astrologer, by jierspecli^e glasses, 
 hatli found'inllie stars many things, unknown lo 
 the ancients. Jtulcigh. 
 
 Astrolo'gian. M.S. [from astrology.^ 
 Tile same with astrologer. 
 
 The twelve houses of heaven, in the form which 
 astrologians use. Camden. 
 
 The stars (tiieysay) cannot dispose, 
 , No more than can the astrologian. Hndibras. 
 
 Astrolo'gical. ) adj. [from aslro- 
 Astrolo'gick. I (og)/.] 
 
 1. Professing astrology. 
 
 Some seem a \\u\e astrological ; as, when they 
 warn us from places of malign influence. Wotton. 
 
 No astrologick wizar.1 honour gains. 
 Who has not oft been banish'd, or in chains. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Relating to a.strology. 
 Astrological \ rayers see.ii to me, to be built on 
 
 as good reason, as the predictions. Stillingjieet. 
 
 I'he poetical fubiea are more ancient, tliau the 
 
 a.^trological influences ; that were not known to the 
 
 Greeks, till after Alexander the Great. Bcntleii. 
 
 AsTROLo'GiCALLY. adv. [from aslro- 
 
 logi/.] In an astrological manner. 
 
 To AstRo'logize. i'. n. [from astro- 
 logJ/.] To practise astrology. 
 
 ASTRO'LOGY. n. s. [astrologia, Lat.] 
 The practice of foretelling things, by the 
 knowledge of the stars ; an art now ge- 
 nerally ex))loded, as irrational and false. 
 I know, the learned think of the art of ait rolngi/, 
 that the stars do not force the actions or wills of 
 men. Hieijt. 
 
 Astro'nomer. n.s. [from ar^ot a star, 
 and ►0^®- a rule or law.] One that stu- 
 dies the celestial motions, and the rules 
 by which they are governed. 
 
 The motions of factions under kings ought to 
 be like ibe motions (as the astronomers speak of) 
 in the inferlour orbs. Bacon. 
 
 Astronomers no longer doubt, of the motion of 
 the planets about the sun. Locke. 
 
 The old and new astronomers in vain 
 Attempt the heav'nly motions to explain. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 Astrono'mical. ) «rf/. [from astrono- 
 Astrono'mick. / mi/.] Belonging to 
 astronomy. 
 
 Our forefathers, marking certain mutations to 
 happen in the sun's progress through the zodiack, 
 tiiey registrate and set them down in their astro- 
 nomical canons. Bromis Vulgar Errours, 
 
 A S Y 
 
 Can he not pass an astronomick line. 
 Or dreads the sun th' imaginary sign ; 
 'I'liat he should ne'er advance, to either pole ? 
 
 Blackmore 
 
 Astronomically, adv. [from astrono- 
 mieal.] In an astronomical manner. 
 
 ASTRONOMY. ?/. *. [ar^t-Ki^ia, from 
 arfo a star, and vo^©- a law or rule.] A 
 mixed mathematical science; teaching 
 the knowledge of the celestial bodies, 
 their magnitudes, motions, distances, 
 periods, eclipses, and order. Pythago- 
 ras taught, that the earth and planets 
 turn round the sun, which stands im- 
 moveable in tlie centre. From the time 
 of Pythagoras, astronomy sunk into neg- 
 lect ; till it was revived by the Ptolemys, 
 kings of Egypt; and the .Saracens brought 
 it from Africa to Spain, and restored 
 this science to Europe. Chambers. 
 
 To this must be added the understanding of 
 the globes, and the principles of geometry and 
 a.'itronomi/. Cowley. 
 
 A'stroscopy. n. s. [a.r^o> a star, and 
 a-xtirsu to view.] Observation of the 
 stars. Diet. 
 
 Astro-theology, ti.s. [from as/ram a 
 star, and theologia divinity.] Divinity 
 founded on the observation of the ce- 
 lestial bodies. 
 
 That the diurnal and annual revolutions are tlw 
 motions of the terraqueous globe, not of the sun, 
 I shew in the preface of my Astro-Theology. 
 
 Derham's Physico-Theology. 
 
 Asu'nder. adv. [aj-unbjian. Sax.] Apart; 
 separately ; not together. 
 
 Two indirect lines ; the further that they ar* 
 drawn out, the further they go asunder. 
 
 Speiiser on Irela d. 
 Sense thinks the planets spheres not much 
 a.^undcr ; 
 What tells us tiien, their distance is so far ? Daviet. 
 
 Greedy hope, to find 
 His wish and best advantage, us asunder. 
 
 Paradi ^ Le f , 
 The fall'n archangel, envious of our state. 
 Seeks hid advantage to betray us worse ; 
 ^\ Inch, when asauder, will not prove too hard ; 
 J For both together are each other's ^^uard. Dryden. 
 Borne far asunder by the tides of men. 
 Like adamant and steel they meet again. 
 
 Dryden's Tablet. 
 All this metallick matter (both that, which con- 
 tinued asunder and in single corpuscles ; and that, 
 which was amassed and concreted into nodules) 
 subsided. Woodward's Natural Historii. 
 
 Asylum, n. «. [Lat. ac-vXov, from a not, 
 and a-ixoi pillage.] A place, out of which 
 he that has fled to it, may not be taken ; 
 a sanctuary; a refuge ; a place of retreat 
 and security. , 
 
 So sacred was the church to some, that it had 
 
 the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Aytijfe's Parer. 
 
 .4sy'm.metry. n. s. [from a without, and 
 
 <nfA.i^ir^ia. symmetry.] 
 j. Contrariety tosymmetry; disproportion. 
 The asymmetries of the brain, as well as the de- 
 formities of the legs or face, may be rectified iu 
 time. Grew. 
 
 2. This term is sometimes used in mathe- 
 maticks, for what is more usually called 
 incoiiimensuraiiility ; when becween two 
 quantities there is no common measure. 
 Asymptote, n. s. [from a, priv. <rvt 
 with, and wlow to tall; which never 
 meet ; incoincident.] Asymptotes are 
 right lines, which approach nearer and 
 
 120
 
 A T 
 
 nearer to some curve ; but which, though 
 they iuid their curve were infiuicely 
 continued, would never meet ; and niny 
 be conceived as tangents to tlieir curves 
 at an infinite distance. C/iamhers. 
 
 Asximjitote liiu-s, tlmngh tlicy may i<|>|ir(mch stili 
 nearer together, till tliey are nearer Uian lire ie;Lst 
 assicnable ttistanee, ye\, being still produced iuH- 
 nileVv, will ncvtr meet. Crew. 
 
 Asymptotical, adj. [from /i.ijjmptote.] 
 Curves are said to be asijtiiplotica/, wlien 
 they continually approacli, without a 
 possibility of meeting. 
 
 ASYNDETON, n. s. [daUh-rov, of u, 
 priv. and a-vt^eu to bind together.] A 
 figure in grammar, when a conjunction 
 copulative is omitted in a sentence; as, 
 in veni, vidi, vici, Sf is left out. 
 
 At. pi-ep. [xz, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . At, before a place, notes the nearness 
 of the place ; as, a man is at the house, 
 before he is hi it. 
 
 This cuslijiii continued among many, to say 
 their [jvayers tit fuiiutains. StiUingJieet. 
 
 2. At, before a word signifying time, 
 notes the coe.^istence of the time with 
 the event ; the word time is sometimes 
 included in the adjective ; we commonly 
 say at a minute, at an hour, on a daj', 
 in a month, 
 
 Wc thought it, aUhe very first, a sign of cold af- 
 fection. Hooker. 
 
 Huvv frequent to desert him, and at last 
 To heap ingratitude on worthiest deeds. Milton. 
 
 At the sauie time, that the storm beats upon the 
 whole species, wc are failing foul upon one ano- 
 ther. Addi.ion. 
 
 We made no cfTorts at all, where we could have 
 most weakened the connnon enemy ; and, at tiie 
 same time, enriched ourselves. Swift. 
 
 3. At, before a causal word, signifies 
 nearly the same as u'ith ; nothing, that 
 the event accompanies, or immediately 
 succeeds, the action of the cause. 
 
 At his touch, 
 Such sanctity hath Heav'n giv'n his hand, 
 Xbey presently amend. iViu/ie-yjeare's Macbeth. 
 
 O, sir, when he shall hear of your approach. 
 If that young Arthur be not gone already ; 
 Ev'ntff this news, he dies. SItakefip. King John. 
 
 Much at the sight was Adam in his lieart 
 Disniay'-!. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 High o'er their heads, a mouid'ring rock is 
 plac'd ; 
 That promises a fall, and shakes at ev'ry blast. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. At, before a superlative adjective, im- 
 plies iti f/ie state ; as, at best, in the 
 state of most perfection, &{c. 
 
 Consider any man, as to his personal powers ; 
 they are not great : for, at greatest, they must still 
 be limited. South. 
 
 We bring into the world with us a poor, needy, 
 uncertain life, short at the longest, and unquiet at 
 the best. Temple. 
 
 5. At, before a person, is seldom used 
 other ivise than ludicrously ; as, belonged 
 to be at him ; that is, to attack him. 
 
 6. At, before a substantive, sometimes sig- 
 nifies the particular condition or circum- 
 stances of the person ; as, at peace, in a 
 state of peace. 
 
 Under pardon. 
 
 You are much more at task, for want of wisdom ; 
 
 than prais'd for harndess mildness. ihukt-sp. 
 
 It bringethlhe treasure of a realm into a few 
 
 hands : for, the usurer being ut certaiaties, and 
 
 Vol. 1. 
 
 A T 
 
 Others at imcertuinties j at the end of the ^aine, 
 nuist of tlie niKiioy wilt lie in the box. Rnc\m. 
 
 Hence waik'd llic fiend at large, in spacious 
 field. MiiUm. 
 
 The rest, for whom no lot is yet decreed, 
 Blay run in pastures, and at pleasure feed. 
 
 Orydens Virgil. 
 
 Deserted, at his utmost need, 
 By tlio-^e his former bounty fed. Dryd. St. CtEcHia. 
 
 What hinder'd either, in lheirn;iiive soil 
 At ease to reap tlic harvest of their toil. 
 
 Diyden's Fables. 
 
 Wise men are sonietiniet* over-boriie, when they 
 are taken at adisadvaiilage. Collier of Conjidaict. 
 
 Thest? have licen the maxims, they have been 
 guided by: lake these from tiiem, and they are 
 perfectly at a loss; their compass and pole-star 
 then are gone, and their understanding is peifeclly 
 at a nonplus. LacKe. 
 
 One man manages four iiorses at once, and 
 leaps from the back of anolher at full speed. 
 
 Pope's F.ssay on Horner's Battles. 
 
 They will not let me be fltq'uiet, in my bed ; but 
 pursue me, to my very dreams. .Sd Ift. 
 
 7. ^ti before a substantive, sometimes 
 marks employment or attention. 
 
 We find some arrivod to that sottishness, as to 
 own roundly, wliaL tliey would be at. ^outh. 
 
 How d'^e find yourself ? says the doctor to his 
 patient. A little while after, he is at it. again; 
 with a Pray, bow d'_)c find your body. 
 
 L" Estrange. 
 
 But she (who well enough knew what. 
 Before he spoke he wtmld lie at) 
 Pretended not to apprelieud. Hndibras. 
 
 The creature's aJ his dirty work again. Pope. 
 
 8. At is sometimes the same, with fur 
 nislicd with ; after the French a, 
 
 Lifuse his breast witli magnanimity ; 
 And make him, naked, foil a manut arms. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 9. At sometimes notes the place, where 
 any thing is or acts. 
 
 Your husband is at hand ; I heard his trumpet. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 He, that in tracing the vessels began at the 
 heart, thuugh he thought not at all of a circula- 
 tion, yet made he the first true step towards the 
 discovery. Grew. 
 
 To all yoii ladies now at land, 
 We men at sea indite. Biichhitrst. 
 
 Their various news I heard, of love and strife. 
 Of storms at sea, and travels on the shore. Pope. 
 
 10. ^? sometimes signifies in immediate 
 consequence of. 
 
 Impeachments, at the prosecution of the house 
 of commons, have received their determinations 
 in tlie house of lords. Hale. 
 
 \\. At marks sometuTies the effect, pro- 
 ceeding from an act. 
 Rest in this tomb, rais'd at thy husband's cost. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Tom has been at the charge of a penny, upon 
 
 this occasion. Addison. 
 
 Those may he of use ; to confirm by autliority, 
 what they will not be at the trouble to deduce by 
 reasoning. Arhnthnot. 
 
 12. At sometimes is nearly the same as in, 
 noting situation ; as, he was at the bot- 
 tom, or top of the hill. 
 
 She hath been known, to come at the head of 
 these rascal.>, hud beat her lover. Suijt. 
 
 13. At sometimes marks the occasion, like 
 
 on. 
 
 Others, with more helpful care, 
 Cry'd aloud, ' Beware, brave youth, beware !" 
 At this he turn'd ; and, as the hull drew near, 
 Shunn'd and receiv'd him on his pointed sj>ear. 
 
 Dnidcn. 
 
 14. At sometimes seems to signify, in the 
 poiver of, or ol)editnt to. 
 
 But tliou of ail the kings, Jove's care below, 
 Art least at my command, and most ray foe. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 A T H 
 
 15. At sometimes notes the relation of a 
 man to an action. 
 
 He, who makes pleasure the veliicle of health, is 
 
 a dociur at it in guotl earnest. Collier of Friendship. 
 
 16. At sometimes imports the manner of 
 an action. 
 
 One warms you by degrees ; the olher sets you 
 on tire all at once, and never intermits his heat. 
 
 Vryden's Fables. 
 
 Not with less rui'i, than the Bajan iiiole, 
 At oncecumes tumbling down Dri/den's .^neia 
 
 17. ^/, like tlic French chez,Taeans some- 
 times appliiiitioii to, OY dipendcnce on. 
 
 The w(jrsl auihfvrs might endeavour to please 
 us; and, in that endeavour, deserve something at 
 our hands. Pope. 
 
 18. At all. In any manner ; in any degree. 
 
 Nothing more true, than w liat you once let fall ; 
 Most women have no characters at all. Pope. 
 
 A'tabal 71. s. A kind of labour used by 
 tlie Moors. 
 
 Cliildren shall beat our otalals and drums j 
 And ;ill the noisy tr.id(s of war no more 
 ShaM wake the per.ceful nuirn. Drud. DonSehast. 
 
 ATARAXIA. \ n. S. [ara^a^io..] Ex- 
 
 A'taraxy. J emption from vexation; 
 ti'anquillity. 
 
 Thv' scepticks aiTected an indifferent equipon- 
 derous irt^utrality, as the only means to their a(a- 
 raiiat and freedoln from passionate disturbances. 
 Glanvitlc's Scepsis. 
 
 Ate. The preterite of eat. See To Eat. 
 
 And, by ids side, his steed the grassy forage ate. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Even our first parents ate themselves out of Pa- 
 radise; and Job's children junketted and feasted 
 together often. South. 
 
 ATtl A'NOti. n. s. [a chymical term, 
 borrowed from u^dvccr©^ ; or, as others 
 think, ion.] A digesting furnace, to 
 keep heat for some time ; so that it may 
 be augmented or diminislied at pleasure, 
 by opening or shutting some apertures, 
 made on purpose with sliders over them, 
 called registers. Quincj/. 
 
 A'theism. n. s. [from atheist. It is only 
 of two syllables in poetry.] The disbe- 
 lief of a God. 
 
 God never wrought miracles to convince atheism^ 
 because his ordinary works convince it. Bacoiu 
 It is the commoninterest of mankind, to pmush 
 all those, who would seduce raeu to atheism. 
 
 Tdlotson, 
 ATHEIST. U.S. [iSe-^ ^\-itho^t God.] 
 One that denies the existence of God. 
 
 To these, that sober race of men, whose lives 
 Religious titled them the sons of God. 
 Shallyield up all their virtue, all their fame, 
 (Ignobly!) to the trains, and to the smiles, 
 Ot^i hese fair atheists. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Tht.'ugh he were reallj" a speculative utAdit; yet, 
 if he w'ould but proceed rationally, hecoxddVot 
 however be a practical atheist, nor live without 
 God in this world. South. 
 
 Atheist, use thine eyes ; 
 And, having view'd the order of tlic skies, 
 Think (if thou canst) thai matter, blindly hurl'd 
 Without a guide, should frame this wond'rous 
 worlil. Creech. 
 
 No atheist, as such, can be a true friend, an af- 
 fectionate relation, or a loyal subject. Bentleu. 
 
 A'THEiST.flr//. Atheistical; denying God. 
 
 Nor stood unmindful .*Vbdiel, to annov 
 The atheist crew. Milton's Paradise Txist. 
 
 Athei'stical. adj. [from atheist.] Given 
 to atheism ; impious. 
 
 ]\Ien are athei'^ticai, because they are first vici- 
 ous ;and qutstion the truth ufchristranity. because 
 lliey halo the practice. South. 
 
 Athei'stically. adv. [from atheisiial.] 
 In an atheistical manner. 
 
 R 121
 
 A T I 
 
 Is it not enormous, th;it a divine, hearing a 
 gre:it sinner talk alheisticallq, and sci>ir profanely 
 at religion, should instead of vindiealing the truth, 
 tacitly ap[)rove the sootier? _ South. 
 
 I ciilrcat such, as aie atlidsticaUy inclined, to 
 consider these things. TUlttsim. 
 
 Athei'sticalness. n.s. [from at/tcisti- 
 caL] The quality of being atheistical. 
 
 Lord, purge out of all hearts profaneness and 
 atheisticatness. Hammond's FunditmcnttiU. 
 
 Athei'stick. adj. [tvom at heist. } Given 
 to atheism. 
 
 This argument demonstrated the existence of a 
 Deity, and convinced ail atltfistick gainsayers. 
 
 liat^ on the Creation. 
 A'THEL, A'THEUNG, A'DEL.aild iExHEL, 
 
 from add noble. Germ. So Mthelred is 
 noble for counsel; JEthdurd, a noble 
 genius; jEthelbert, eminently noble; 
 JElhelward a noble protector. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 A'theous. adj. [aSe©-.] Atheistick; god- 
 less. 
 
 I'hy Father, who is holy, wise, and pure, 
 Suffers the hypocrite, or atkeotis priest. 
 To tread his sacred courts. Paradise Regained. 
 
 ATHEROMA, n.s. [i5s^a;i/.a from aSspa 
 
 pap or pulse.] A species of wen, which 
 neither causes pain, discolours the skin, 
 nor yields easily to the touch. 
 
 If the matter, forming them, rescmhies milk 
 curds, the tumour is called atheroma ; if it be like 
 Iioney, mcliceris; and, if composed uf fat, or a 
 suety substance, steatoma. Sharp. 
 
 Athero'matous. adj. [from atheroma.] 
 
 Having the qualities of an atheroma, or 
 
 curdy wen. 
 
 Feeling the matterfluctuating.l thought it aiAc- 
 romutons. Wiseman s .Surgenj. 
 
 Athi'rst. adv. [froma and thirst.] Thirs- 
 ty ; in want of drink. 
 
 With scanty measure then supply their food ; 
 And, when aiJurstj restrain *em from the flood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Athle'tick. adj. [from athleta, Lat. 
 a.hxrnni a wrestler.] 
 
 1. Belonging to wrestling. 
 
 2. Strong of body; vigorous ; lusty ; robust. 
 
 Seldom shall one see, in rich families, that ath- 
 letick soundness and vigour of constitution ; which 
 is seen in cottages, where nature is cook, and ne- 
 cessity caterer. South. 
 
 Science distinguishes aman^of honour, from one 
 of those nthletick brutes, whom undeserve<lly we 
 call heroes. Dryden. 
 
 Athwa'rt. prep, [from a and thwart.] 
 
 1. Across; transverse to any thing. 
 Theuristocles made Xerxes post out of Grecia, 
 
 by giving out a purpose to break his bridge atli- 
 wart the Hellespont. Bacons Essays. 
 
 Execrable shape ! 
 That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance 
 Thy miscreated front athwart my way. 
 
 raradise Lost. 
 
 2. Through: this is not proper. 
 
 Now, atliwart (he terrors, that thy vow 
 Has planted round thee, thou appear'st more fair. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Athwa'rt. adv. ii tort. 
 
 1. In a manner vexatious and perplexing ; 
 crossly. 
 
 All athwart there came 
 A post from Wales, loaden with heavy news. 
 
 Sltakespeare. 
 
 2. Wrong : d trovers. 
 
 The babby beats the nurse ; and quite athwart 
 Goes all decorum. Sliakesp. Meas.for Meas. 
 
 Ati'lt. adv. [from a and tilt.] 
 
 A T O 
 
 I . In the manner of a tilter ; with the ac- 
 tion of a man, making a thrust at an an- 
 tagonist. 
 
 In the city Tours 
 Thou ran'st atilt, in honour of my love ; 
 And stol'st away the ladies hearts from France. 
 
 Sltakespeare. 
 To run atilt at men, and wield 
 Their naked tools in open field. Hudibras. 
 
 2. In the posture of a barrel, raised, or 
 titled behind, to make it run out. 
 
 Such a man is always atilt; his favours come 
 hardl^^ from him. Spectator. 
 
 A'tlas. n. s. 
 
 1. A collection of maps; so called, proba- 
 bly, from a picture of Atlas supporting 
 the heavens, prefixed to some collections. 
 
 2. A large square folio; so called from 
 these folios, which, containing maps, 
 were made large and square. 
 
 3. Sometimes the supporters of a building. 
 
 4. A rich kind of silk or stuff, made for 
 women's clothes. 
 
 I have the conveniency of buying Dutch atlasses, 
 with gold and silver, or without. Spectator. 
 
 A'tmosphere. n.s. [aTji.(,o{ vapow, and 
 atpai^a a sphere.] 
 
 The exleriour part of this our habitable world 
 is the air, or atmosphere ; a light, tlun, fluid, or 
 springy body, that encompasses the solid earth 
 on all sides. Locke. 
 
 Immense the whole excited atmosphere 
 Impetuous rushes o'er tlie sounding world. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Atmosphe'rical. adj. [from aimos- 
 Inhere.] Consisting of the atmosphere; 
 belonging to the atmosphere. 
 
 We did not mention the weight of (he incum- 
 bent atmospherical c^YnvlGT, as a part of the weight 
 resisted. Boyle. 
 
 A'TOM. n. s. [atomus, Lat. aro^©-. ] 
 
 1 . Such a small particle, as cannot be phy- 
 sically divided : and these are the first 
 rudiments, or the component parts, of 
 all bodies. Quina/. 
 
 Innumerable minute bodies arc called atoms; 
 because, by reason of their perfect solidity, they 
 were really'indivisible. i^uy. 
 
 See ])lastick nature, working to this end ! 
 The single atoms, each to other tend ; 
 Attract, attracted to, th£ next in place, 
 Form'd and impell'd its neighbour to embrace. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Any thing extremely small. 
 
 It is as easy to count atoms, as to resolve the 
 propositions of a lover. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Ato'mical. adj. [from atom.] 
 
 1. Consisting of atoms. 
 
 Vitrilied and pellucid bodies are clearer, in 
 their continuities, tliaii in powders and atomical 
 divisions. Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. Relating to atoms. 
 
 Vacuum is another principal doctrine of the 
 atomical philosophy. BentUi/'s Sermons. 
 
 .^'tomist. n. s. [from atom.] One, that 
 holds the atomical philosophy, or doc- 
 trine of atoms. 
 
 The atomw^s (who define motion, to be a passage 
 from one place lo another) what do they more, than 
 put one synonymous word for another ? Locke. 
 
 Now can judicious atomists conceive. 
 Chance to the sun could his just impulse give ? 
 
 Blackmore. 
 A'tomy. n.s. An obsolete word for fliom. 
 Drawn with a team of little afcwnVs, 
 Atliwart men's noses, as they be asleep. Shakesp. 
 
 To ATONE. V. 71. [from at out ; as the 
 etymologists remark, to be at one is the 
 same as to be in concord. This deriva- 
 
 A T R 
 
 tion is much confinned, by the following 
 passage of Shakespeare ; and appears to 
 be the sense, still retained in Scotland.] 
 
 1. To agree ; to accord. 
 
 He and Aufidius can no more atone, 
 Than violentest contrariety. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. To stand, as an equivalent for some- 
 thing ; and particularly used of expiatory 
 sacrifices, with the particle for before 
 the thing, for which something else is 
 given. 
 
 From a mean stock, the pious Decii came ; 
 Yet such their virtues, that their loss alone. 
 For Rome and all our legions, did atone. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal, 
 
 The good intention of a man of weight and 
 worth, or a real friend, seldom atones for the un- 
 easiness, produced by his grave representations. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Let thy sublime meridian course. 
 For Mary's setting rays, attmc: 
 
 Our lustre, with redoubled force, 
 Must now prticeed fioni thee alone. Prior. 
 
 His virgin sword yEgysthus' veins imbrued ; 
 The murd rer fell, and blood atotidjbr blood. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Ato'ne. v. a. 
 
 1. To reduce to concord. 
 
 If any contention arose, he knew none fitter to 
 be their judge, to atone and take up.their quarrels, 
 but himself. Vrumm. 
 
 2. To expiate; to answer for. 
 
 Soon should yon boasters cease their liaughty 
 strife ; 
 Or each atone his guilty hive, with life. Poj}e. 
 
 Ato'nement. n. s. [from ato7ie.] 
 
 1. Agreement: concord. 
 
 He seeks, to make atonement, 
 Between tlie duke of Glo'ster and your brothers. ' 
 
 Shukap 
 
 2. Expiation; expiatory equivalent : with 
 for. 
 
 And the Levites were purified ; and Aaron 
 made an atonement for them, to cleansethem. 
 
 Nnmbei's. 
 
 Surely it is not a sufficient atonement for the 
 writers ; that they profess loyalty to^ the govern- 
 ment, and sprintlle some arguments in favour of 
 the dissenters ; and, under the shelter of popular 
 politicks and religion, undermine the foundations 
 of all piety and virtue. Swift. 
 
 Ato'p. adv. [from a and top.] On the top ; 
 at the top. 
 
 /lti>7) whereof, but far more rich, appear'd 
 The work, as of a kingly palace-gate. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 What is extracted by water from coft'ee is the 
 oil, which often swims atop of the decoction. 
 
 Arhnthnot on .Aliments. 
 Atrabila'rian. adj. [from atra bills 
 black choler.] Melancholy; replete with 
 black choler. 
 
 The atrahilarian constitution (or a black, vis- 
 cous, jiilcby consistence of the fluids) makes all 
 secretions d'ilhcult and sparing. Arhuthnoton Diet. 
 Atrabila'rious. adj. [from at7-a bills 
 black choler.] Melancholick. 
 
 The blood, deprived of its due proportion of 
 serum, or finer and mure volatile parts, is utrahi- 
 larious; whereby it is rendered gross, black, unc- 
 tuous, and earthy. Quincy. 
 
 From this black adust state of the blood, they 
 are atrabilurious. Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 Atrabila'riousness. n. s. [from atra- 
 bilarious.] The state, of being melan- 
 choly ; repletion with melancholy. 
 
 Atrame'ntal. adj. [from uli-amenium 
 ink, Lat.] Inky; black. 
 
 If ^ve enquire, in what jjart of vitriol this atra^ 
 mental and denigrating condition lodgeth ; it will 
 seem, especially to lie in the more fixed lalt 
 thereof. Brown' f Vulgar Errouri. 
 
 122
 
 ATT 
 
 Atrame'NTOUS. adj. [from atramentnm 
 ink, Lat] Inky ; black. 
 
 I am not satisfied, that those black and atra- 
 vientous spots, which »cera to represent them, are 
 uciilar Emm 
 
 ATRO'C\OV}^.adJ.[nfro.r, l.at.] Wicked, 
 in a hiirh degree ; enormous ; horribly 
 criminal. 
 
 .•\n ad\ocate is necessary ; and therefore audi- 
 ence ought not to be denied hiia in defending 
 causes, unless it be an atrocious oft'eiice. 
 
 Aiitilje's Parergmt. 
 
 Atro'ciously. adr. [from atrocious.] 
 In an atrocious manner; with great 
 wickedness. 
 
 Atro'ciousness. n. s. [from afrociotis.] 
 Tiie quality of being enormously crimi- 
 nal. 
 
 Atro'city. n.s. [atrrcitas, Lat.] Horri- 
 ble wickedness ; excess of wickedness. 
 
 I never recal it to miud, witlioiit a deep asto- 
 nisiimeut of the very horrour and (itrocity of the 
 fact in a Christian court. ]l'ottnn. 
 
 They desired justice might be done upon oll'en- 
 ders, as the atrocity of their crimes deserved. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 A'trophy. n. s. [ar^oipta.] Want of nou- 
 rishment; a disease, in which, what is 
 taken at the mouth, cannot contribute 
 to the support of the body. 
 
 Pining atrophia. 
 Marasmus, and wide-wasting pestilence. Milton. 
 The moutlis of the lactcais may be shut up, by 
 a viscid mucus ; in which case, trie chyle passeth 
 by stool, and the person falleth into an atrophy. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 To ATTA'CH. v. a. [attacher, Fr.] 
 
 1. To arrest; to take or apprehend, by 
 commandment or writ. CoweU. 
 
 £ftsoons the guards, which on his state did 
 wait, 
 Attach'd that traitorfalse, and bound liim strait. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 The Tower was chosen ; that, if Clifford should 
 
 accuse great ones, they might (without suspicion 
 
 or noise) be presentl y attached. Bacons Henry VII. 
 
 Bohemia [greets you ; 
 Desires yon to attach hTs son, who has 
 His digiiity and duty both cast ofl". Shakap. 
 
 2. Sometimes with tlie particle of, but not 
 
 in present use. 
 
 You, lord arclibishop ! and you, lord Mowbray ! 
 0/' capital tieason, I attach you both. Shakes}). 
 
 3. To seize, in a judicial manner. 
 
 France bath llaw'd the league, and hath at- 
 tach'd 
 Our merchants goods at Bourdeaux. Shahetp. 
 
 4. To lay hold on, as by power. 
 
 I cannot blame thee ; 
 Whoara myself a((uc/i'd with weariness. 
 To th' dulling of my spirits. Shakesp, 
 
 5. To win; to gain over; to enamour. 
 
 Songs, garlands, tiow'rs. 
 And charming symphonies, attach'd tlie heart 
 Of Adam. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 6. To fix to one's interest. 
 
 Tlie great and rich depend on tliose, whom 
 their power or tlieir wealth attaches to them. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Atta'chment. n. s. [attachement.FT.] 
 
 1. .\dherence; fidelity. 
 
 The Jews are remarkable, for an attachment to 
 their own country. Addison. 
 
 2. .\ttention ; regard. 
 
 The Romans burnt this last fleet ; which is ano- 
 ther mark of thtir small attachment to the sea. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 ATT 
 
 3. An apprehension of a man, to bring 
 him to answer an action; and some- 
 times it extends to his moveables. 
 
 4. Foreign attfic/imtni, is the attachment 
 of a forcignei''s goods found within a 
 city, to satisfy creditors within a city. 
 
 To A'lTA'CK. v.a. [attaqutr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To assault an enemy: opposed to de- 
 fence. 
 
 The front, the rear 
 Attack, vliile Vvo thunUers iu the centre. 
 
 PhiVtps. 
 Those, that attack, generally get the victory, 
 thuii^h " iih disadvantage of gruuiid. 
 
 Cane's Campaigns. 
 
 2. To impugn, in any manner; as with 
 satire, confutation, calumny; as, the de- 
 claimer attacked the reputation of his 
 adversaries. 
 
 Atta'ck. n s. [from the verb.] An as- 
 sault upon an enemy. 
 
 Hector opposes; and continues the attack; in 
 wliicli Sarpedon makes the first breach in tltc 
 wall. Pope's Iliad. 
 
 If, appris'd of the severe attack, 
 llie countrv be shut up. Thomson. 
 
 I oun, twas wrung; when thousands call'd 
 uie b;ick. 
 To make that hopeless, ill-advis'd attack. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Atta'cker. 71. s. [from attack,"] The 
 
 person that attacks. 
 I'o ATTAIN, V. a. [atfeindre, Fr. attineo, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To gain ; to procure ; to obtain. 
 
 Is lie wise, who hopes to attain the end, with- 
 out the means; na^, by means, that are quite 
 contrary to it? Tillotson. 
 
 All the nobility here could not attain the same 
 favour, as Wood did. Hwift. 
 
 2. To overtake; to come up with: a sense, 
 now little in use. 
 
 The earl, hoping to have overtaken the Scot- 
 tish king, and to have given him battle, but not 
 attaining him in time, set down before the castle 
 of Aton. Bacon. 
 
 3. To come to; to enter upon. 
 
 Canaan he now attains; I see his tents 
 Pitch'd above Sichcm. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 4. To reach ; to equal. 
 
 So the first precedeiit, if it be good, is seldom 
 attained by imitation. Bacon. 
 
 To Attain, r. m. 
 
 1. To come to a certain state: with to. 
 
 Milk wiii soon separate Itself into a cream, and 
 a more serous liqour ; wliich, after twelve days, 
 attains to the highest degree of acidity. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. To arrive at. 
 
 Such knowledge is too wonderful for me: it is 
 high ; 1 cannot attain unto it. Psalm cxs.\is. 6. 
 
 To have knowledge in most objects of contem- 
 plation, is what the mind of one man can liardly 
 attain unto. Locke. 
 
 Atta'in. n.s, [from the verb.] The thing 
 attained ; attainment : a word not in 
 use. 
 
 Crowns and diadems, the most splendid ter- 
 rene attains, arc akhi to that ; which, to-day is in 
 the field, and to-morrow is cut down. 
 
 Glaniillc's Scepsis. 
 
 Atta'inable. ff/// [from attain.] 'I'hat, 
 which may be attained; procurable. 
 
 He wilfully neglects, tlie obtaining unspeakable 
 good; whicfi, lie is persuaded, is certain and af- 
 tainahle. Tillotson. 
 
 None was proposed, that appeared certainly 
 attainable, or of value enough. Hogers. \ 
 
 ATT 
 
 Atta'inableness. n.s. [from attaina- 
 6/e.] Tlie quality of being attainable. 
 
 Persons become often enamoured of outward 
 beauty, with«»ut any particular knowledge uf itj 
 possessor, or its attainableness bv them. Cheyne. 
 
 .Vtta'inukr. n.s. [from I'o attain.'] 
 
 1. The act of attaining in law; conviction 
 of a crime. See 7b ATTAINT. 
 
 The ends in calling a parliament were chiefly, 
 to have the attainders of all bis party reversed ; 
 and, on the other side, to attaint by'parliament 
 bis enemies. Bacon. 
 
 2. Taint; sully of character- 
 
 So smooth he daub'd his vice, with shew of 
 virtue; 
 He liv'd, from all attainder of suspect. Shakesp. 
 
 .Att.VINMENT. n.s. [from atl/iin.] 
 
 1. That, which is attained; acquis. tion. 
 
 We dispute with men, that count it a great at- 
 tainment to be able, to talk much, and little to the 
 purpose. (iluniille. 
 
 Our attainments are mean compared with the 
 perfection of the universe. Crew. 
 
 2. The act or power of attaining. 
 
 The Scripture must be sulhcienl, to imprint in 
 us the character of all things necessary for the 
 afrai»me7it of eternal life. ItooV.er. 
 
 Education, in extent more large, of time shorter, 
 and of attainment more certain. Milton. 
 
 Government is an art, above the attainment of 
 an ordinary genius. konth. 
 
 If the same actions be the instruments, both of 
 acquiring fame, and procuring this happiness; 
 they would nevertheless fail in the attainment of 
 this last end, if they proceeded from a desire of 
 the first. Addison. 
 
 The great care of God for our salvation must 
 appear in the concern be e.vpressed for our attain- 
 ment of it. li'tgers. 
 To Atta'int. I', a. [attoiter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To disgrace: to cloud with ignominy. 
 
 His warlike shield 
 Was all of diamond, perfect, pure, and clean ; 
 For, so exceedins shone his glistering ray. 
 That Phabus' golden face it did attitint;'^ 
 As, when a cloud his beams doth overlay. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. Toattairt, is particularly used for such, 
 as are found guilty of some crime or of- 
 fence ; and especially, of felony or trea- 
 son. A man is attainted two ways; by 
 appearance, or by process. Attainder by 
 appearance is, by confession, battle, or 
 verdict. Confession is double: one at the 
 bar, before the judges, when the pri- 
 soner, upon his indictment read, being 
 asked guilty or not guilty, answers 
 Guilt)'; never putting himself upon the 
 verdict of the jury : the other is before 
 the coroner, or sanctuary ; where he, up- 
 on his confession, was (in former times) 
 constrained to abjure the realm ; which 
 kind is called attainder by abjuration. 
 Attainder by battle is, when the party 
 appealed ; and, choosing to try the truth 
 by combat rather than b}- jury, is van- 
 quished. Attainder b)' verdict is, when 
 the prisoner at the bar, answering to the 
 indictment Not Guilty, hath an inquest 
 of life and death passing upon him, and 
 is by the verdict pronounced guilty. 
 Attainder by process is, wliere a party 
 flies; and is not found, till five times 
 called publickly in the count}-, and at 
 last outlawed upon his default. Cou\ II. 
 
 123
 
 ATT 
 
 Were it not an endless trouble, tluit no triiil<'r 
 or fc-lmi should bo uttahitid, hut a iiarluuii-iil Tuu«t 
 be called ? Spemcr. 
 
 I must offend, before I be attiunted. Shahcsp. 
 3. To taint ; to c ornipt. 
 
 My tender youth w;is never yet attaint 
 
 With tiny passion 
 
 of iuHaining lov 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Atta'int. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Any thing injurious; as ilhiess, wea- 
 riness. This sense is now obsolete. 
 
 Nor doth lie dedicate one jot of colour 
 Under the weary and all-walched nii;ht ; 
 But freshly look's, and overbears alUiiiU 
 With chee'rful semblance. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 2. Stain ; spot ; taint. 
 
 Neman hath a virtue that be has nota glinqi'-e 
 of; nor any man an attaint, but he carries *on]e 
 stain of it. Shakesp. 
 
 3. [In horsemanship.] A blow or wound 
 on the hinder feet of an horse. Far. Did. 
 
 Atta'inture. n. s. [from attaint.'] Legal 
 censure; reproach; imputation. 
 
 Hume's knavery will be llie duchess's wreck, 
 And heraltainture will be Humphrey's fall. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 To Atta'minate. v. a. [atlamino, Lat] 
 
 To corrupt; to spoil. 
 To Atte'mper. v. a. [attempn-o, Lat.] 
 
 1. To mintrle; to weaken, bj' the mixture 
 of something else ; to dilute. 
 
 Nobility attempers sovereignty ; and draws the 
 eves of tlie people somewhat as'ide, from the line 
 royal. Bacon. 
 
 Attemper d suns arise, 
 Sweet-beam'd, and shed dng oft tliro' lucid clouds 
 A |ileasingcalm. Thomson. 
 
 2. To soften ; to mollify. 
 
 His early providence could likewise have at- 
 tempered his nature therein. Baeon. 
 Those smiling eyes, attemp'ring ev'ry ray. 
 Shone sweetly lambent with celestial day. Pope. 
 
 3. Tomix, in just proportions ; to regulate. 
 
 She to her guests dolhbountconsbanquttdlght 
 Attemper d, goodly, well for health and for iW- 
 light. Spenser. 
 
 4). To fit to something else. 
 
 Pheudusl let arts of gods and heroes old, 
 Altempcr'd to the lyre, your voice employ. Fnpe. 
 
 To Atte'mperate. IV a. [attempa-o, 
 Lat.] To proportion to something. 
 
 Hope nmst be jiroporlioned Rnd attempcrate to 
 the promise : if it exceed that temper and propor- 
 tion, it becomes a tumour and t\ mpany of hope. 
 Hammond's Pract. Catechism. 
 
 To Atte'mpt. v. a. [afttnter, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To attack ; to invade ; to venture upon. 
 
 He flati'ring bis displeasure, 
 Tript me behind ; got praises of the king, 
 i'or him attempting, who was self-subdu d. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Who, in all things wise and just, 
 Hinder'd not Satan to attempt the mind 
 Of man, with strength entire and free-will arni'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. To try ; to endeavour. 
 
 I have nevertheless attempted, io send unto ^you, 
 for the renewing of brotherliood and friendship. 
 1 Mac. xii. 17. 
 
 To Atte'mpt. v. n. To make an attack. 
 
 I have been so hardy, to attempt upon a name ; 
 which, among some, is yet very sacred. 
 
 CtanviUe's Scepsis. 
 
 Horace his monster, with woman's bead above, 
 
 and fishy extreme below, answers the shape of 
 
 the ancient Syrens, that attempted upon Ulysses. 
 
 Brown's Vnlgar Errours. 
 
 Atte'mpt. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 L An attack. 
 
 ATT 
 
 If we be always prepared, to receive an eneniv ; 
 we shall long live, in peace and quietness, withuut 
 any aitcinj,t& upon us. Bacon. 
 
 2. An essay ; an endeavour. 
 
 Alack ! r am afniid, they Have awak'd, 
 And 'tis not done ; th' attempt, and not the deed, 
 Confoimds ns. Shakes])cures Macbclli. 
 
 He would have cry'd ; but, hoping that he 
 dreamt. 
 Amazement tied his tongue, and slopp'd th' at- 
 tempt. Dryden. 
 I subjoni the following attinijit, towards a na- 
 tural history of fossils. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 .Atte'mptable. adj. [from attempt.] 
 Liable, to attempts or attacks. 
 
 The gentleman, vouching his to be more fair, 
 virtuous, wise, and less attcmptable, tlum thr 
 rarest of our ladies. Shal-.enp. 
 
 Atte'mpter. n. s. [from attempt.] 
 
 1. The person, that attempts; an invader. 
 
 Tlie Son of God, willi godlike force endu'd, 
 Against til' uUempter of thy Father's throne. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. An endeavourer. 
 
 You are no factors, for glory or treasure ; but 
 disinterested altempters, for the universal good. 
 
 ClanvUle^s Scepsis. 
 
 To ATTEND, v. a. [attendre, Fr. atten- 
 
 do, Lat.] 
 1. To regard; to fix the mind upon. 
 
 The diligent pilot, in a dangerous tempest, doth 
 not attend the unskilful words of a passenger. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The crow doth sing as sweetly, as the stork. 
 When neither is attended. Slwhcsp. 
 
 *2, To wait on ; to accompany, as an infe- 
 riour, or a servant. 
 
 His companion, youthful Valentine, 
 Attends tlie emperour in Ins royal court. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To accompany, as an enemy. 
 
 He was at present strong enough, to have 
 stopped or atttndcd Waller in his western expedi- 
 tion. Clarendon. 
 
 4. To be present with, upon a summons, 
 
 5. To accompany ; to be appendant to. 
 
 England is so idly king\i, 
 Her sceptre so fantastically borne ; 
 That fear attends her not. * Shakesp. 
 
 J\Jy prayr's and w i.shes always bhali attend 
 The friends of Rome, Addison's Cato. 
 
 A vehement, burning, fixed, puuuent pain in tlie 
 stomach, attended with a fever. Arbuth. on Diet. 
 
 6. To expect. This sense is French. 
 
 So dreadful a tempest, as all the \^eop\e attended 
 therein the very end of the world, and judgment 
 ('ay. Rakigh s Htstury. 
 
 7. To wait on, as on a charge. 
 
 The fifth had cliart;e, sick })ersons to attend ; 
 And comfort those, in point of death which lay. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 8. To be consequent to. 
 
 The Duke made that unfortunate descent upon 
 Rhee, which was aUerwards attended with many 
 un prosperous attempts. Clarendon. 
 
 9. To I'emain to; to await; to be in store 
 for. 
 
 To him, who hath a prospect of the state, that 
 
 attends all men after this, the measures of good and 
 
 evil are changed. Locke. 
 
 10. To wait for insidiously. 
 
 Thy interpreter, full of dcspight, bloody, as the 
 liunter, attends thee at the orchard end. 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Kight. 
 
 11. To be bent upon any object. 
 
 Their hunger thus appeas'd, their care attends 
 The doubtful fortune of their absent friends. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 12. To stay for. 
 
 I died, whilst in the womb he staid, 
 Attending nature's law. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 ATT 
 
 I hasten to our own ; nor will relate 
 Great ftliihridates' and rich Cra'sus' fate , 
 ^VIll»lll Stiion wisely counsell'd, Ut attend 
 The name of happy, till he knew his end. Cretch, 
 
 Three days, I prouus'd to attend my doom j 
 And two long days and nights are yet to cnnie. 
 
 Dryden* 
 
 To Atte'nd v. n. 
 
 1 . To yield attention. 
 
 But. thy relation now ! for I attend^ 
 Pleas'd with thy words. Milion. 
 
 .Since man cannot, at the same time attend to 
 two objects; if you employ ytnir spirit upon a 
 book Of a bodily labour, you liave no room left 
 for sensual temptation. Taylor. 
 
 2. To stay ; to delay. 
 
 This first true cau^c, and last good end, 
 She cannot here so well and truly see ; 
 For this perfection she must yeiatteiid, 
 Till to her Maker slie espoused be Vavies. 
 
 Plant auiniouics after the first rains, if you will 
 liave fiitwers very forward : but it is surer, to at- 
 tend till October. Evelyn. 
 
 3. To wait ; to be within reach or call. 
 
 The charge thereof, unto a covt-lous sprite, 
 Commanded was ; wlio thereby did attrvd. 
 And warily awaited. Fairy Queen, 
 
 4. To wait, as compelled by authority. 
 
 If any minister refused to adnrK a lecturer, re- 
 commeiidcd by him ; he was required, io attend 
 upon the committee ; and not discharged, till the 
 houses met agani. Clarendon. 
 
 Atte'ndance, n. s. [^uttendanct:, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of waiting on another j or of 
 
 serving. 
 
 I dance attendance here : 
 I think the duke will not be spoke withal. 
 
 Shakeap. 
 
 For he, of wliom these things are tpoken, per- 
 taincth to another tribe; of which no man gave 
 attendance at the altar. Heh. vii. 13. 
 
 The other, after many years attendance upon 
 the duke, was now one of 'the bedchamber to the 
 prince. Clarenden. 
 
 2. Service, 
 
 Why might not you, my lord, receive attend- 
 ance 
 From those, that i^he calls servants? 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 .3. The persons waiting; a train. 
 
 Attendance none shall need, nor train; where 
 none 
 Are to behold the judgnjcnt, but thejndy'd. 
 Those two. Milion s Par. Lost. 
 
 4. Attention ; regard. 
 
 Give attendance, to reading, to exhortation, to 
 doctrine. 1 Tim.iv. Vo. 
 
 5. Expectation : a sense, now out of use. 
 
 That, which causcth bitterness in death, is the 
 languisiiing attendance and expectation thereof, 
 ere it come. Hooker. 
 
 Attendant, adj. [ritte?ida7UyTr.'] Ac- 
 companying, as subordinate or conse- 
 quential. 
 
 Other suns perhaps, 
 With their attendant nmons, thou wilt descry, 
 Conmiunicating male and female light. 
 
 Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 AtTE'NDANT. 71. S. 
 
 1. One, that attends. 
 
 I will be returned forthwith: dismiss your at- 
 tendant there ; look it be done ! Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 2. One, that belongs to the train. 
 
 When some gracious monarch dies ; 
 Soft whispers fir.'^t and mournful murmurs rise. 
 Among the sad attendunls. Dryden. 
 
 3. One, that waits tlie pleasure of ano- 
 ther, as a suitor or agent. 
 
 I endeavour, tiiat my reader may not wait long 
 for my meaning: to give an atiniWrt'if ouick dis- 
 patch] is a civility. Bnrnet s Theory. 
 
 124
 
 ATT 
 
 4. One, that is present at any thing. 
 
 He was a constaiii ntleiidant. at all meetiiigs 
 rclalino- t,. charily, «itlioiit contributing. Su'j/I. 
 
 5. [Ill law.] One, that ofl eth a duty or 
 service to anotlier ; or, after a sort, de- 
 pendeth upon another. Cowell. 
 
 6. That, which is united with another, 
 as a concomitant or consequent. 
 
 Guveni well iliv a|)|iclitc ; lest bin 
 Surprise thee, and her black atlendaiU, death. 
 
 They secure themselves, first from doing nothing, 
 and then from doing ill ; the one being so close an 
 attendant on the other, that it is scarce possible to 
 sever them. ,, ^''T-f ^""i- 
 
 He had an unlimited sense of fame, the attntd- 
 ant of uoble spirits, which prompted him to en- 
 
 gage.! 
 
 1 travel 
 
 ope. 
 
 It is hard, to take into view all the attendatits or 
 consequents, that will be concerned in a question. 
 
 (1 utts. 
 
 Atte'nder. n.s. [from attend.] Compa- 
 nion; associate 
 
 The gypsies were there, 
 Like lords to appear ; 
 With such their atlenders. 
 As you tlioiiglil offenders. Ben Jotmn. 
 
 Atte'nt. "flrf/. [attaitus, Lat.] Intent; 
 attentive; heedful; regiirdfiil. 
 
 Now mine eyes shall be open ; and mine ears 
 attent unto the prayer, that is made in this i lace. 
 2 Chron. vii. l5. 
 What can then be less in me, than desire 
 To see thee, and approach thee, whom 1 know 
 Declar'd the Son of God ; to hearuKent 
 Thy wisdom, and behold thy godlike deeds? Milt. 
 Read your chapter, in your prayers ; little in- 
 lerruptions will make your prayers less tedious, 
 and yourself more attent upon them. 
 
 Tin}tor's Guide to Devotion. 
 Being denied communication by their car, their 
 eyes arc more vigilant, attent^ and heedful. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 To want of judging abilities, we may add their 
 
 want of leisure, to apply their minds to such a 
 
 serious and attent consideration. South. 
 
 A'ttentATES.w. s. [altentata, Lat.] Pro- 
 ceedinjrs in a court of judicature, pend- 
 ing suit, and after an inhibition is de- 
 creed and gone out : those things, which 
 are done after an extrajudicial appeal, 
 may likewise be styled attentates. 
 
 Ayliffe. 
 Atte'ntion. n.s.{titlentian, Fr.] The 
 act of attending or heeding ; tlie act of 
 bending the mind upon any thing. 
 
 They say, the tongues of dying men 
 Inforce attention like deep harmony. Shakesp. 
 
 He perceived nothing, hut silence, and signs of 
 attention to what he would further say. Bacon. 
 
 But him the gentle angel bv the hand 
 Soon rais'd.aaa hisaid^m'ioKi'hus recall'd. Milton. 
 
 By atteiitiony the ideas that otfer themselves, 
 are taken notice of, and (as it were) registered in 
 the memory. Locke. 
 
 Attention is a very necessary thing ; truth doth 
 not always strike the soul at lirst sight. Watts. 
 
 Attentive, adj. [from attent.] Heed- 
 ful ; regardful ; full of attention. 
 
 Being moved with these, and the like your ef- 
 fectual discourses, whereuuto we gave most at/en- 
 tife ear, till they entered even unto our souls. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 I'm never merry, when I hear sweet musick ; 
 —The reason is, your spirits are attentive. 
 
 Shalesp. Merch. of Venice. 
 
 I saw most of them atlenliie to three Sirens, 
 dislinouished by the names of Sloth, Ignorance, 
 and Pleasure. 7ti(/cr. 
 
 A critick is a man, who, on all occasions, is 
 more attentive, to what is wanting, than what is 
 present. _ Addison. 
 
 Musick s force can tame the furious beast ■ 
 Can make the w olf or foaming boar restrain 
 
 ATT 
 
 His rage ; the Tan, drop his crested main, 
 Alteutu'e to the song. Pnor. 
 
 \tte'ntively. adv. [from attentive.] 
 Heedfully; carefully. 
 
 If a man look sliar|ilv and attentirelti. he shall 
 see Fortune ; for though she be blind, she is not 
 invisible. Bacon. 
 
 The cause of cold is a quick spirit in a eld 
 body ; as will appear to any, that shall attcniiielii 
 consider nature. Bacon. 
 
 .Atte'ntiveness. n.s. [from uttenlive.] 
 The state of being attentive ; heedful- 
 ness ; attention. 
 
 At the relation of the queen's death, bravely 
 confessed and lanuMitod by the king, how attcu- 
 tiveness wounded his daughter. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 
 Atte'NUANT. adj. [atfenuatis, Lat.] What 
 has the power of making thin, or di- 
 luting. 
 
 To ATTENUATE, v. a [aitenuo, Lat.] 
 To make thin, or slender: opposed to 
 condense, or incranwle, or thicken. 
 
 The finer part, belonging to the juice of grapes, 
 being aKciiunterf and subtilized, was changed into 
 an ardent spirit. iiiii//e. 
 
 Vinegar curd, put upon an egg, nut only dis- 
 solve, tTie shell ; but also attemtaies the white con- 
 tained in it, into a limpid water.. 
 
 TVisrmfln's Surgery. 
 
 It is of tlie nature of acids, to dissolve or a't- 
 (f)!(H(e;and of alkalies, to precipitate pr incras- 
 ^ate. Keicton's Optick^ 
 
 The ingredients are digested and attenuated by 
 heat ; llicy are stirred and constantly agitated by 
 winds. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Atte'nuate. adj. [from the verb.] Made 
 thin, or slender. 
 
 Vivification ever consisteth in spirits attenuate, 
 
 which the cold doth congeal and coagulate. Bacon. 
 
 Attenua'tion. n.s. [from attenuate.] 
 
 The act of making any thing thin or 
 
 slender; lessening. 
 
 Chiming with a hammer upon the outside of a 
 bell, the sound will be according to the inward 
 concaveof the bell ; whereas theefision, orattenuu- 
 tion of the air, can be only between the hammer 
 and the outside of the bell. Bacon. 
 
 A'tter. n. s. [areji. Sax. venom.] Cor 
 rupt matter. A word, much used in 
 Lincolnshire. Skinner. 
 
 To Atte'st. v. a. [attestor, Lat.] 
 
 1. To bear witness of; to witness. 
 
 ^lany particular facts are recorded in holy writ, 
 attested' by jiarticular pagan authors. Addison. 
 
 2. To call to witness ; to invoke as con- 
 scious. 
 
 The sacred streams, 
 state 
 Attests 11: oaths, and fears to violate. 
 
 Atte'st. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 testimony ; attestation. 
 
 The attest of eyes and ears. 
 
 Willi the voice divine 
 Nigh thunderstruck, th'e.valted man, to whom 
 Such high attest was giv'n, a while survey 'd 
 With wonder. Paradise Regained. 
 
 Attesta'tion. n. s. [from attest.] Tes- 
 timony ; witness ; evidence. 
 
 There remains a second kind of peremptoriness ; 
 of those, who can make no relation, without an 
 attestation of its certainty. Goo. of the Tongue. 
 
 The next coal-pit, mine, quarry, or chalk-pit, 
 will give attestation, to what I write : these .ire so 
 obvious, that I need not seek for a compurgator. 
 Woodward's Natural Historu. 
 
 We may derive a probability, from the attesta- 
 tion of wise and honest men, by word or writing ; 
 or tlie concurring witness of multitudes, who have 
 seen and known, w hat they relate. II alts. 
 
 To Atti'nge. v. a. [nttingo, Lat.] To 
 touch lightly or gently. Diet. 
 
 ,vhich heav'ns imperial 
 
 Dry den. 
 Witness ; 
 
 Shakisp. 
 
 ATT 
 
 To ATTIRE. V. a. [attirer, Fr.] To 
 dress ; to habit ; to array. 
 
 Li-t it likewise your gentle breast inspire. 
 With sweet infusion; aiid put you in mind 
 Of that proud maid, whom now those leaves attire, 
 Br(,iid Daphne. Spetaer. 
 
 Mv Nanshallbe the queen of all the fairies; 
 Finely attired in a robe of %vbite. 
 
 khukesp. Merry Wires of W'tndiar. 
 With the linen niilre shall he be attired. 
 
 Lev. ivi. 4. 
 Now the sappy boughs 
 Atiire themselves with blooms. Phitifi. 
 
 Atti're. n. t. [from the verb.] 
 1. Clotlies; dress; habit. 
 
 It is no more disgrace to Scripture, to have left 
 tilings free, to be ordered by the churcli ; than for 
 Nature, to have left it to tlie wit of man, to devise 
 his own attire. Hooker. 
 
 After that, the Roman attire grew to be in ac- 
 count, and the gown to be in use among them. 
 
 Dalies on Ireland, 
 Thy Stfraptuous buildings, and thy wife's attire, 
 Hath cost a mass of publick treasury. 
 
 Shakesp. Heni-y VI. p. li. 
 And, in tliis coarse oHirc. which I now wear. 
 With God and with the Jluses I confer. Donne, 
 
 When lavish nature, with her best attire. 
 Clothes the gay spring, the season of desire. 
 
 Watler 
 I pass their form, and ev'ry charming grace ; 
 But their attire, like liveries of a kind. 
 All ricli and rare, is fresh within niy mind. Dryd. 
 
 •2. [In hutiting.] The horns of a'buckorstag. 
 
 .3. [In botany.] The flower of a plant is 
 divided into three parts; tlie empale- 
 ment, the foliation, and the attire, which 
 is either florid or semiform. Florid at- 
 tire, called thrums or suits, as in the 
 flowers of marigold and tansey, consists 
 sometimes of two, but commonl)' of three 
 parts : the outer part is the floret ; the 
 body of which is divided at the top, like 
 the cowslip flower, into five distinct 
 parts. SemiJ'orm attire consists of two 
 parts, the chives and spices ; one upon 
 each attire. Diet. 
 
 Atti'rer. n.s. [trom attire.] One, that 
 attires another; a dresser. Diet, 
 
 A'ttitude. n. s. [attitude, Fr. from atto, 
 Ital.] Thepostm-e or action, in wliich a 
 statue or painted figure is placed. 
 
 Bernini would have taken his opinion, ujion the 
 beauty and attitude of a figure. Prior's Ded. 
 
 They were famous originals, that gave rise to 
 statues, with the same air, posture, and attitudes. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Atto'llent. adj. [attolhns, Lat.] That, 
 which raises or lifts tip. 
 
 I shall farther lake notice, of the exquisite libra- 
 tion of tlieattoUentaud deprinient muscles. 
 
 Derham's Physio-Theology. 
 
 Atto'rney. n. s. [attorndtiis, low Lat. 
 from tour, Fr. Cehii quivient t'l tour 
 daulriii; quialterius vices subit.] 
 
 1. Such a person, as (by consent, com- 
 mandment, or request) takes heed, sees, 
 and takes upon him the charge of other 
 men's business, in their absence. At- 
 torney is either gener.il or special. At- 
 loriici/ general is he, that by general au- 
 thority is appointed to all our affairs or 
 suits; as the attorney general of the 
 king, which is nearly the same witJi I'ro- 
 curator Cttsaris in the Roman empire : 
 Attorneys gmeral are made, eitlier by 
 the king's letters patent; or by our ap- 
 
 12i>
 
 ATT 
 
 pointmentlieforcjustices in E3'rp,in open 
 court. Altormi/ special or particular 
 IS he, that is employed in one or more 
 causes, particularly specified. There 
 are also, in respect of the divers courts, 
 atlornci/s at large, and attorneys special, 
 belonging to this or that court only. 
 
 Co we II. 
 
 Attin-ney.i, in common law, are nearly tlie same 
 with proctors in the civil law, antl solicitors in 
 courts of equity. ^Hunici/s sue out writs or pro- 
 cess ; or coiMiuence, carry on, and defend actions, 
 or other proceedings, in the names of other persons, 
 m the courts of comiuon law. None are admitted 
 to act, without having served a clerkship for five 
 years, taking the proper oath, being enrolled, and 
 e.xamnied by the judges. The allorney general 
 pleads Within the bar. To him come warrants for 
 making out patents, pardon, iSfc. and he is the 
 principal manager of all law aflairs of the crown. 
 
 Chambers. 
 I am a subject, 
 And challenge law: altamevs are deny'd me; 
 And therefore personally flay my claim. 
 To mine inheritance. " Shakesp. 
 
 llie king's iiHoniei/ on the contrary, 
 Urg'd on examinations, proofs, confessions. SJiak. 
 Despairing quacks with curses fled the place ; 
 And vile allorneiis, now an useless race. Pope. 
 2. It was anciently used for those, who did 
 any business for anotlier; now, only in 
 law. 
 
 I will attend my husband ; it is my office ; 
 And will have no ultorneu but myself; 
 And therefore let me have him home. Sliakesp. 
 To Atto'rney. v. a. [from the noun; the 
 verb is now not in use.] 
 
 1 . To perform by proxy. 
 
 Their encounters, though not personal, have 
 been royally attornied with interchange of gifts. 
 
 Stiakesp. 
 
 2. To employ as a proxy. 
 
 As I was then. 
 Advertising and holy to your business, 
 Nor changing heart with 'habit; lam still 
 Attornied to your service. Sliukesp. 
 
 Atto'rneyship. U.S. [from ait orne I/. i 
 The office of an attorney; proxy; vica- 
 
 A T T 
 
 nous agency 
 
 But marriage is a matter of more worth. 
 Than to be dealt in attorneyship. S'ln/cetp. 
 
 AxTO'uRNMENT.n. s.[attourncment, Fr.j 
 A yielding of the tenement to a new 
 lord, or acknowledgment of him to be his 
 lord : for, otherwise, he that biiyeth or 
 obtaineth any lands or tenements of 
 another, which are in the occupation of 
 a third, cannot get possession. Coivell. 
 
 To ATTRACT, v. a. [aitr alio, aUr actum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To draw to something. 
 
 A man should scarce persuade the affections of 
 the loadstone, or that jet and amber attracteth 
 straws and light bodies. Broun's I'tilgar Eirours. 
 
 The single atoms, each to other tend ; 
 Attract, attracted to, the next in place, 
 Forra'dand impell'd its neighbour to embrace. 
 
 F.rpe. 
 
 2. To allure ; to invite. 
 
 Adom'd 
 She was indeed, and lovely, to attract 
 Thy love ; not thy subjection. Uliltort. 
 
 bhew the care of approving all actions so, as 
 may most etlectually attract all to this profession. 
 ^ . I'lavunond. 
 
 Deign to be lov'd, and ev'ry heart subdue < 
 What nymph could e'er attract such crowds, as 
 you? Pope. 
 
 Attra'ct. n. s. [from To attract.'] Attrac- 
 tion; the power of drawing: not in use. 
 
 Feels darts and charms, attracts and flames, 
 And wooand contra!:t in their names. Hudihras. 
 Attractic.1L. ai/j. [from attract.] 
 Having the power to draw to it. 
 
 .Some stones are endued with an electrical or 
 attraclicat virtue. Pai/ on the Creation. 
 
 Attraction, n.s. [from attract.] 
 1. The power of drawing any thing. 
 
 The drawing of amber and jet, and oilier clec- 
 Irick bodies; and the attraction in gold, of the 
 spirit of quicksilver at distance ; and the attraction 
 of heat, at distance; and that of fire.toiiaphlha ; 
 and that of some herbs to water, tliougli at dis- 
 tance ; and divers others, we shall handle. Bacon. 
 Loadstones and touched needles, laid long in 
 quicksilver, have not amitled their attraction. 
 
 Bron-n's Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 Attraction may be performed by impulse, or 
 
 some other means ; I use that word,"to signify any 
 
 force, by which bodies tend towards one another. 
 
 Newton's Opticks. 
 
 2. The power of alluring or enticing. 
 
 Setting the attraction of my good parts aside, I 
 have no other charms. Shakesp. 
 
 Attra'ctive. adj. [from attract.] 
 
 1. Having the power to draw any thing. 
 
 What, if the sun 
 Be centre to the world ; and other stars. 
 By his attractive virtue and their own 
 Incited, dance about him various rounds? Milton. 
 
 Some, the round earth's cohesion to secure. 
 For that hard task emplny niagnetick power : 
 Remark, say they, the globe ;"witli wonder own 
 Its nature, like the fam'd attractive stone. 
 
 _, J. Blackmm-e. 
 
 Bodies act by the attractions of gravity, mag- 
 netism, and electricity ; and these instances make 
 It not improbable, but there may be more attrac- 
 tive powers than these. Newton. 
 
 2. Inviting; alluring; enticing. 
 Happy is Herniia, wheresoe'er she lies ; 
 
 For she hath blessed and attractive eyes, .'ihakesp. 
 
 I pleas'd, and with attractive graces won. 
 The most averse, thee chiefly. Jl/;7(fin 
 
 Attra'ctive. m.*. [froma/Zroc/.] Thatj 
 which draws or incites; allurement: 
 except that, attractive is of a good or 
 indifferent sense, and allurement gene- 
 rally bad. 
 
 The condition of a servant staves him off' to a 
 distance; but the gospel speaks nothhig, but a«- 
 tractives and invitation. South. 
 
 Attra'ctively. adv. [from attractive.] 
 With the power of attracting ordrawinn-. 
 
 Attra'ctiveness. n. s. [from attrac- 
 tive.] The quality of being attractive. 
 
 Attra'ctor. n. s. [from attract.] The 
 agent, that attracts ; a drawer. 
 
 If Ihe straws be in oil, amber draweth them not 
 
 - ... — ,...,, .J... um.,._iii lilt III uui; 
 
 oil makes the straws to adhere sn, that they can- 
 not rise unto the attractor. Brown's Vnlg. E'rrours. 
 
 Attra'hent. n. s. [attrahens, Lat.] 
 Tliat, which draws. 
 
 Our eyes will inform us, of the motion of the 
 steel to its attrahent. Glanville's. Scepsis. 
 
 Attrecta'tion. n.s. [atlrectat'to, Lat.] 
 Frequent handling. Diet. 
 
 Attributable, adj. [attribuo, Lat.] 
 That, which may be ascribed or attri- 
 buted ; ascribable ; imputable. 
 
 Muchof the origination of the Americans seems 
 to be attributable to the migrations of the Seres. 
 
 To ATTRI'BUTE. v. a. [attrilmo, Lat!]''"' 
 1. To ascribe; to give; to yield as due. 
 To their very bare judgment, somewhat a rea- 
 sonable man would attrih'ute ; notwithstanding the 
 common imbecilities, which are incident unto our 
 nature. Hooker. 
 
 ATT 
 
 We attribute nolliing to God, that hath nnv re- 
 pugnancy orconiiadiciion in it. Bower and wis- 
 dmii have no repugnancy in tJiLin. TUlolSim. 
 
 •2. lomipute, as to a cause. 
 
 I liave observed a Campania ilelermine,ccmtrnrv 
 to appearances, by the caiili„nand conduct of T, 
 general, which were attributed to his infirmities. 
 
 The imperfection of telescopes is aUrnJil'/u^ 
 sph'-rical glasses; and mathematicians have iiro- 
 pouaded, to figure them by the conical .secfioi's-. 
 Nenton's Ojitichs. 
 A'ttribute. n.s. [from To attribute.] 
 
 1. The thing, attributed to anotlier; as 
 perfection, to the Supreme Being. 
 
 Power, light, virtue, wisdom, and ^'odn«s 
 being all hut attributes of one simple essence, and 
 of one Ciod ; we in all admire, and in part discern. 
 ... , llatcigh. 
 
 „,J Of' ™in |ioets after did mistake. 
 Who evlry attribute a god did make. Drudcn. 
 All the perfections of God are called his a(/W- 
 t}utes; tor he cannot be without them. 
 « /-w IV i_ . . , "'"tts's L,.g„ k. 
 
 2. Quality; characteristic disposition. 
 
 They must have these three attributes; they 
 must be men of courage, fearing God, and hatin" 
 covetousness. _ jj„„„» 
 
 3- A Uiing oelonging to another ; an ap- 
 pendant; adherent. 
 
 His sceptre siiews the force of temporal iiow'r 
 Ihe attribute to awe and majesty : 
 But mercy is above this scepter'd sway; 
 Itisana!(i7/)ii(etoGod himself. Shakisp. 
 
 The sculptor, to distinguish him, gave him wliat 
 the medallists call his pro],er atlrlbutcs, a speai 
 and a shield. jj^^„^ 
 
 4. lieputation ; honour. 
 
 It takes 
 *rom our achievements, tho' performed at hci^-tit 
 1 he pith and marrow of our attribute. Shal'.esp. 
 
 Attribution, n.s. [from To attribute.} 
 Commendation ; qualities ascribed. 
 
 If speaking truth, 
 in this fine age, were not thought flattery; 
 Such attribution should the Douglas li.ave. 
 As not a soldier of this season's stamp, 
 Should go so general current through the world. 
 
 «- ^ , . Shakesp. 
 
 We suffer him, to persuade us we are as oods- 
 and never suspect, these glorious attributions nmv 
 be no more tlian flattery. Becap of Piety 
 
 Attri'te. adj. [uttritm, Lat.] Ground, 
 worn by rubbing. 
 
 Or, by collison of two bodies, "rind 
 Their air attritc to fire. Milton 
 
 Attri'tenkss. n. s. [from attrile.] The 
 
 being much worn. 
 Attri'tion. n.s. [attritio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of wearing things, by rubbing 
 one against another. 
 
 This vapour, ascending incessantly out of the 
 abyss, and pervading the strata of gravel and the 
 rest, decays the bones and vegetables lodged in 
 those strata; this fluid, l)y its continual attrifum, 
 fretting the said bodies. Woodtvard. 
 
 The change of the aliment is eflfected, by attri- 
 tion of the inward stomach, and dissolvent li- 
 quor, assisted with heat. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. The state of being worn. 
 
 3. [With divines.] Grief for sin, arising 
 only from tlie fear of punishment ; the 
 lowest degree of repentance. 
 
 To Attu'ne. v. a. [from tune.] 
 
 1. To make any thing musical. 
 Airs, vernal airs. 
 Breathing the smell of field and grove, o«i/7« 
 The trembling leaves. Milton, 
 
 126
 
 A V A 
 
 2. To tune one thing to another; as, he 
 
 al/iinrs his voice to his liarp. 
 Attu'kney. n.s. See Attorney. 
 ATWE'r.y. udv. or prep. [See Between.] 
 
 Betwixt; between; in the midst of two 
 
 things: obsolete. 
 Her Innsc long ypH""' '"f^s ('ike golden wire, 
 
 Sprinkled vvitli prarl. and jjcrlin^ Huwers almefCd) 
 
 Do, like a gdiden mantle, lier altire. Spenx-r. 
 
 Atwi'xt. prep. [See Betwixt.] In the 
 middle of two tilings : obsolete. 
 
 But, with onlrageous sti-okes, did him restrain ; 
 
 And, with his bud^', lurr'd the way atwiu them 
 
 |«ain, fain; Queen. 
 
 ToAVA'II-. v.a [from valoir, Vr. ; to 
 avail ; being nearly the same thing, with 
 /aire valvir.] 
 
 1. To profit; totm-n to profit: with cf, be- 
 fore the thing used. 
 
 Then sliall they seek t' ami/ themselves ofnanics, 
 Places, and titles ; and with these to join 
 Secular pow'r. JUillon. 
 
 Both of them rivill themselves n/'those licences, 
 which Api.lln has eqiialiy hestoweci (in them. Dry. 
 
 2. To promote; to prosper; to assist. 
 
 Mean time he voyag'd, to exph re the will 
 Of Jove, on high liodona's holy hill ; 
 WHlat means niightbest his safe return avail. Pope. 
 
 To Ava'il. v. n. To be of use; to be of 
 
 advantage. 
 
 Nor can my sirensth arail ; unless, by thee 
 Endn'd withforce, I gain the victory. Drudeii. 
 
 When real merit is wantinj;; it aoails nothing, 
 to have been encouraged by the great. 
 
 Piyie's Preface to his IVorhs. 
 
 Avai'l. n. s. [from To avail.] Profitj ad- 
 vantage; benefit. 
 
 For all that else did come, were sure to fail ; 
 Vet would he further none but for amit. Spenser. 
 
 I charge thee, 
 As heav'n shall work in me for thine avail, 
 To tell rae truly. Shahesp. 
 
 Truth, light upon this way, is of no more avoil 
 to us than errour. Locke. 
 
 Ava'ilable. adj. [from avail.] 
 
 1. Profitable; advantageous. 
 
 Mighty is the cHicacy of such intercessions, to 
 avert judgments ; how much more avaihihte thcti 
 may they be, to secure the continuance cf bless- 
 ings. _ Atterbiirii. 
 
 All things subject to action, tlie will does so f.u- 
 incline unto ; as reason judges thtm, more avuil- 
 able to oar bliss. Hooker. 
 
 2. Powerful; in force; valid. 
 
 Laws human are arrtiltihle hy consent. Hoohe)\ 
 
 Drake put one of his men l(t death, llaving no 
 
 authority nor counnission auf/i/au/e. Raleigh. 
 
 Ava'ilaeleness. n.s. [from available.] 
 
 1. Power of promoting the end for which 
 it is used. 
 
 We diU'er, from that supposition of the efficacy, 
 or amilableiiess, or suitableness, of these to the en"d. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 2. Legal force ; validity. 
 
 Ava'ilably. adv. [from available.] 
 
 1. Powerfully; profitably ; advantageously. 
 
 2. Legally; validly. 
 
 Ava'ilment. n. s. [from avail.] Useful- 
 ness ; advantage; profit. 
 
 To Ava'le. v.a. [avaler, to let sink, Fr.] 
 To let fall ; to depress ; to make abject; 
 to sink : a word out of use. 
 
 By that th' exalted Plia:bus 'gmavale 
 His weary wain ; and now the frosty night 
 Her maritlc black thro' heav'n 'gan overhale. Spem. 
 He did abase and nrale the sovereignty, int<. 
 more servitude towards that see, than lad been 
 •"0»6 "»■ Wottoii. 
 
 AUG 
 
 To Ava'le. v 71. To sink. 
 
 But, when his liittcr ehl) 'y;itis t) avide, 
 IIu^c heaps of mu(i lie ieuvcs. Spenser. 
 
 Ava'nt. The front of an army. See Van. 
 
 Avant-guard, n.s [av(mfii;ar(ie, Fr.] 
 'Vhe van; the first body of an army. 
 
 The horsi'iiicn miglit issue forth, wiihout distur- 
 bance nf iht- foot; and llie avant-guard, wilhnut 
 shuHiing witli the battail ur arriere. Hauwavd. 
 
 A'VARICE. n. s, lavai'icey Fr. avariiiu, 
 Lat.] Covetousness ; insatiable desire. 
 
 Tliere grows, 
 In my most ill-compos'd ail'cction, such 
 A stanchlcss avarice ; that, were I king, 
 I sliould cutoff tlic nobles for their lands. Shakcsp. 
 
 This avarice of praise in times to come; 
 Those long inscriptions, crowded on the tomb. 
 
 Drifdcn. 
 
 Nor love his peace of mind destroys. 
 Nor \\ icked avarice of wealth. Dryden 
 
 Avarice is insatiable ; and so he went, still push- 
 ing on for more. V Estrange. 
 
 jBe niggards of advice, on no pretrnce ; 
 For the worst of avarice is that of sense. Pope. 
 
 Avaricious, adj. {avaricieux, Fr.] Co- 
 vetous ; insatiably desirous. 
 
 Luxurious, atwidoui', false, deceitful. 
 
 Shakesp. Mitcheth. 
 This speech has been condemned as avnricious; 
 and Eustathius judges it to be spoken artfully. 
 
 Broome en the Odyssey. 
 
 AvARi'ciousLY. adv, [from avmicious.] 
 
 Covetously. 
 Avari'ciousness. w. s, [from avaricious.] 
 
 The quality of being avaricious. 
 Ava'st. adv. [from basta, Ital. it is 
 enough.] Enough ; cease. A word, used 
 among seamen. 
 Ava'unt. interject, [avant, Fr.] A word 
 of abhorrence, by which ^wy one is 
 driven away, 
 
 O, he is bold, and blushes not at death ! 
 Avaunt, thou liatcful villain, get thee gone ! 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 After this process. 
 
 To give her the avannt ! it is a pit^'. 
 
 Would move a monster. Shidxcsp. Hcnnj VTTI. 
 
 IMistress ! dismiss that rabble from vour ihri.ni' ! 
 
 Avaunt! — Is Aristarchus yet luiknown.'' Dunciad. 
 
 A'uEURNE. adj. [from cm/»j?/' bark, Fr.] 
 Brown ; of a tan colour. 
 Her hair is auhitme ; mine is perfect yellow. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 His aubiirne locks on citlicr sliouldt-r flow'd ; 
 Which, to the fun'ralof his friend, he vow'd. 
 
 Vryden. 
 Lo, how the arable with barley grain 
 Stands thick, o'crslmdow'd : these as modern use 
 Ordains, infus'd, an anburne drink compose ; 
 Wholesome, of deathless fame. Philips. 
 
 AUCTION, w. 5. [audio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A manner of sale, in which one person 
 bids after another; till so m.uch is bid, 
 as tlie seller is content to take. 
 
 2. The things sold by auction. 
 
 Ask you, why Piuine the uholeaiufitm buys? 
 Phrine foresees a general excise. Pope. 
 
 To A'uction. v, a, [from auction.'] To 
 sell by auction* 
 
 A'uctionary. adj. [^vom auction.] Be- 
 longing to an auction. 
 
 And uuich more hone.'it, to be hir'd, and stand 
 With ntictioitiini lumiuier in tliy hand ; 
 Prov. kin<r. to gixe uioro. and knocking thrice, 
 For the old household stuff, or picture^s price. 
 
 Dryden s Juvcmd. 
 
 A l^ D 
 
 .\L"CTIONl'F,n. H. 5. [from attc I ion.] The 
 
 person, that manages an auction. 
 A'uCTiVE. adj. [from audits, Lat.] Of 
 an increasing quality. Diet. 
 
 AtcuPATKJN. n.s. [aucupalio, Lat.] 
 
 rowlinj; ; bird-catchiiig. 
 AUUA'CIOL.S. adj. [oitdacieiir, Fr. ati- 
 dax, Lat.] Uold; impudent; daring: al- 
 ways in a bad sense. 
 
 Such is thy audacious wickedness ; 
 Thy lewd, pesiif'rous, and disscniiuus pranks. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Till Jove, no longer patient, took his time, 
 T' avenge with thunder their audacious crime. 
 
 Dniden, 
 
 Young students, hy a constant habit of di^llut. 
 
 ing, grow impudent and audacious, proud and dis- 
 
 dainlul. Walts. 
 
 Auda'ciously. adv. [from audacious.] 
 Boldly; impudently. 
 
 An angel shalt thou see ; 
 Yet fear not thou, but speak uudaeiouslii. Shakesj/. 
 
 Audaciousness, n.s. [from audacious.] 
 Impudence. 
 
 Audacity, u. s. [from auda.r, Lat.] Spi- 
 rit; boldness; confidence. 
 
 Lean.raw-bon'd rascals! wjiu voulde'er suppo^e 
 They had such C(nirage and intdacitu? 
 
 Great effects come, (jf indiistiy aijd perseve- 
 rance ; for audacitii doth almost bind and mate the 
 weaker sort of minds. liacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 For want of that freedom and a nrf»r((j/, necessary 
 in connnerce with men, his personal i.iodesfV 
 ovcrtlirew ail his public actions. Tatkr, 
 
 A'uDiBLE. adj. [audibilis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . That which may be perceived by hear- 
 
 '^^^: . 
 
 Visibles work upon alooking-glass, and audihles 
 upon l!ie placesof echo ; which resemble, in st^me 
 sort, the cavern of ilic ear. Bacons A'tif. Hiit. 
 
 Eve (who unseen, 
 Yet all had heard ) v, ith andihic lament 
 I)i?cuver'd soon the place of her retire. Milton. 
 
 Every sense doth not operate upon fancy, with 
 the same force. The conceits of visibles are 
 clearer and stronger, than those of uudibles. Gr€W. 
 
 2. Loud enough, to be heard. 
 
 One, leaning over a well twenty -five fathoms 
 deep, and speaking softly, the water retun^ed an 
 audible echo. Bacon. 
 
 A'uDiBLENESS. n.s. [from audible] Ca- 
 
 pableness of being heard. 
 A'uDiBLY. adv. [from audible.] In such 
 
 a manner, as to be heard. 
 
 And last, the sum of all, m3' Father's voice. 
 Audibly heard froui heav'n, pronounc'd me his. 
 
 Milton. 
 A'uDiENCE. 71. s. [audience, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of hearhig, or attending to any 
 thing. 
 
 Now I breathe again. 
 Aloft the flood ; and can give audiejice 
 To any tongue, speak it of wliatit will, Shakcsp, 
 
 Tluis farliis bold discourse, without controul. 
 Had audience. Milton, 
 
 His look 
 Drew niirfi'eTice and attention, still as night 
 Or summers noon-tide air. Milton, 
 
 2. The liberty of speaking granted; a 
 hearing. 
 
 Were it reason, to give men audience, pleading 
 for the overthrow of that, which their own deed 
 hath ratified? Hooker. 
 
 According to the fair play of the world, 
 I^t niP have audience: I am sent to speak. 
 I\ly holy lord of Milan, from the king. Shakesp. 
 
 3. An auditory ; persons collected to hear. 
 
 Or, if the star of ev'ning and the moon 
 Haste to thy audicnsej uiglit with her will bring 
 Silence, Milton* 
 
 127
 
 A U D 
 
 The liall was filled, with an audience of the 
 grcalest emiiiciict; fur quality and politeness. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 It prorlaims the triumphs of goodness in a pro- 
 per audience, even before the wliole race of man- 
 kind. Atierhury. 
 
 4. The reception of any man, who delivers 
 a soleiinn message. 
 
 In litis high temple, on a ehairof state, 
 The seat oiuiidicnCi, old Latinus sate. Dryden. 
 
 ^u'dience Citv'rt. A court, belonging 
 to the archbisliop of Caiiterljury, of equal 
 authority with the arches court ; though 
 inferiour, both in dignity and antiquity. 
 The original of this court was, because 
 the archbishop of Canterbury heard se- 
 veral causes extrajudicially at home in 
 his own palace ; which he usually com- 
 mitted to be discussed by men learned 
 in the civil and canon laws, whom he 
 called his auditors : and so in time, it be- 
 came the power of the man, who is called 
 causarninvegotiorumque audienlife Cati- 
 tauricnsis auditor, stu officialis. Cowill. 
 
 Audit, n.s. [from audit he hears, Lat.] 
 A final account. 
 
 If tiiey, which are accustomed to weigh all 
 things, shall here sit down to receive o\li: audit; 
 the sunt, which truth amuunteth to, will ap[)ear to 
 be hut this. iiuol<ei\ 
 
 He took Miy father g'ossly, full of bread : 
 "With all his crimes broad blown, and flush as May : 
 And, how his uu Jit stands, who knows save heav'n ? 
 
 Hamlet 
 I can make my audit up ; tt'at all 
 From me do back receive the tiow'r of all, 
 And leave me but the bran. Shaheap. 
 
 ToA'uDlT. J', a. [from audit .] To take 
 an account finally. 
 
 Bislnjps ordinaries, auditing all accounts, fake 
 twelve pence. AuUjfe^s Parergon. 
 
 I love exact dealing ; and let Mttcus audit ; he 
 knows how the moriey was disbursed. Arbutbnot 
 
 Audi'tion. n. s. [aiidilio Lat ] Hearing. 
 
 A'uDiTOR. n. s. [auditor, Lat.] 
 
 1. A hearer. 
 
 Dear cousin, you that were last day so high in 
 the pulpit against lovers, are you now become so 
 mean iw auditor? Sidneif. 
 
 What a play tow'rd ? I'll be an auditor; 
 An actor too, jierhaps. Sitahesj/. 
 
 This first doctrine, though admitted by many of 
 his auditors, is expressly against the Epicureans. 
 
 Brnlteti. 
 
 2. A person employed to take an accouiit 
 ultimately. 
 
 It you suspect my husbandry ; 
 Call me, before th' exactest auditom; 
 And set me on the proof. ShuiiCsp. Timon. 
 
 3. In ecclesia>tical law. 
 
 The archbishop's usage was, to commit the dis- 
 cussing of causes to persons learned in the law, 
 stiled liis auditors. Aylijje^s Parergon. 
 
 4. In the state. 
 
 A king's otlicer; who, yearly examiidng the ac- 
 counts of aJI under-otlicer's accountable, makes up 
 a general book. Cornell. 
 
 A'UDITORY. adj. [audiforius, Lat.] That, 
 which has the power of he.iiing. 
 
 li not hearing (lerformed, by the vibrations of 
 some medium ; excited in the auditory nerves, by 
 the tremours of the air; and |>ropagaled, Ihrougli 
 the capiUaments of those nerves .' Newton. 
 
 A'UDlTORY, n. s. [audildvium, Lat.] 
 1. An audience; a collection of persons 
 assembled to hear. 
 
 Dcmades never troubled his head, to bring his 
 auditory to their wits by dry reason. L'tsXran^e. 
 
 AVE 
 
 Met in the church, I look upon you, as an au- 
 ditm-y, fit to be waited on (as you are) by both 
 universities. South. 
 
 Several of this auditory were, perhaps, entire 
 strangers to the person, whose death we now la- 
 ment. Aitcrbury. 
 
 2. A place where lectures are to be heard. 
 A'UDITRESS. n.s. [i'rom auditor.'] The 
 woman, that hears ; a she-hearer. 
 
 Yet went she not ; as, not with such discourse 
 Delighted ; or not capable her ear, 
 Ofwnatwas high: such pleasure sherescrv'd, 
 Adam relating, she sole auditress. Milton. 
 
 To Ave'l. v. a. [avello, Lat.] To pull away. 
 
 The beaver in chase makes some divulsion of 
 parts ; yet are not these parts avelled, to be termed 
 testicles. Broun. 
 
 A've Ma'ry. n. i. [from the first words, 
 of the salutation to the Blessed Virgin, 
 Ave Maria.] A form of worship, re- 
 peated by the Romanists, in honour of 
 the Virgin INIary. 
 
 All his mind is bent on holiness. 
 To number yire Maries on his beads. Shahesp. 
 
 A'VENAGE. n.s. [offlt'fna oals, Lat.] A 
 certain quantity of oats, paid to a land- 
 lord, instead of some otlier duties, or as 
 a rent by the tenant. Diet. 
 
 To AVENGE. V. a. [vengcr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To revenge. 
 
 I will orewnc me of mine enemies. Isaiah. 
 
 They stood, against their enemies; and were 
 
 avenged, of their advers<iries. VViidom. 
 
 I will avenge the blood of Jezrcel, upon the 
 
 house of Jehu. Hosea. 
 
 2. To punish. 
 
 Till Jove, no longer patient, took his time, 
 T' avenge with thunder your audacious crime. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 Avf.'ngeance. 7u s. [from avenge] Pu 
 
 nishment. 
 
 This neglected, fear 
 
 Signal avengeance; such, as overtook 
 
 A miser. Philips. 
 
 Ave'ngement. n.s. [from avenge.] 
 
 Vengeance ; revenge. 
 
 That he might work tli'mjen^'emfnt for his shame, 
 On those two'caitives, which bad bred him blame. 
 
 Spetiscr. 
 _ All those great battles (which thou boasts to win 
 Through strife and bloodshed, and avcngement 
 Now praised) hereafter thou slialt reiienf. 
 
 fairy Queen. 
 
 Ave'nger. n. s. [from avenge.] 
 
 1. Punisher. 
 
 That no man go beyond and defraud his bro- 
 ther ; because the Lord is the avenger of all such 
 
 1 Thess. 
 
 Lre this he had return'd, with fury driv'n 
 By his avengers: since no place, lik'e this. 
 Can lit his punishment, or their revenge. Milton. 
 
 2. lievenger ; taker of vengeance for. 
 
 The just ave/iger of his inimed ancestors, the 
 victorious Louis, was darting'his thunder. Dryd. 
 
 But just disease to luxury'sueceeds ; 
 And ev'ry death its own ar'enger breeds. Pope. 
 
 Ave'ngeress. ?i. s. [from rtt'f»g-fr.] A 
 female avenger. Not in use. 
 There that cruel queen nvengeress 
 Heap on her new waves of weary wretchedness. 
 
 I'airit Queen. 
 
 A'VENS. n. s. {caryophyllata, Lat.] The 
 saiTie with herb bennct. Miller 
 
 A ve': TURE. n. s. [annture, Fr.] A mis- 
 chance, causing a man's fleath, without 
 felony ; as, when he is suddenly drowned 
 or burnt, by any sudden disease falling 
 into the fire or water. See Adventure. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 AVE 
 
 A'venue. n.s. [avenue, Fr. It is some- 
 time pronounced, with tlie accent on tlie 
 second syllable, as )r,///.s observes ; but 
 has it generally placed on the first ] 
 
 1. A way, by which any place may be 
 entered. 
 
 Good guards were set up, at all the avenues of 
 the city ; to keep all people, from going out. 
 
 „ . Clare7idon. 
 
 _ Truth is a strong hold, and diligence is 1 lying 
 
 siege to it : so that it must observe all the avenues 
 
 and passes to it. &iulh. 
 
 2. All alley, or walk of trees, before a house. 
 To AVE'R. 1'. a. [avcrer, Fr. from verum 
 
 truth, Lat.] To declare positively, or 
 peremptorily. 
 
 The reason of the thing is clear; 
 Would Jove the naked truth aver. Prior. 
 
 Then vainly the philosopher avers. 
 That reason g'uides our deed, and instinct theirs 
 How can we justly dift-rent causes fr.-.me. 
 When the efrects'entirely are the same ? Pric: 
 
 We may aver, though the power of God be infi- 
 nite, the c'apacities of matter are within limits. 
 , Benttey. 
 
 Average, n. s. [averagium, Lat.] 
 1 In law ; that duty or service, whieli the 
 tenant is to pay to tlie king or other lord, 
 by his beasts and carriages. Chambers. 
 
 2. In navigation ; a certain cnntribution, 
 that merchants proportionably make to- 
 wards the losses of stich, as have their 
 goods cast overboard forthe .safety of the 
 ship in a tempest; and this contributiort 
 seems so called, because it is so propor- 
 tioned, after tiie rate of every man's aver- 
 age of goods carried . Cowt II. 
 
 3. A small duty, Avhich merchants, who 
 send goods in another man's ship, pay 
 to the masterthereof forhis care of them, 
 over and above the freight. Chambcn: 
 
 4. A medium; a mean proportion. 
 Ave'rment. n.s. [from aver.] 
 
 1. Establi,shraentof any thing byevicTence. 
 
 To avoid the oath, for averment of the continu- 
 ance of some estate, which is eigne, the party will 
 sue a pardon. Bacon. 
 
 2. An offer of the defendant to justify an 
 exception, and the act as well as the 
 off'^r. Blount. 
 
 AvERNAT. n.s. A sort of grape. See 
 Vine. 
 
 .^verrunca'tion. n.s. [from averrun- 
 
 rate.] The act of rooting up any thing. 
 To Avkrru'ncate. v a.[averrunco,Lat.] 
 
 To root up ; to tear up by the roots. 
 Sure some misrhief will come of it; 
 
 Unless, by providential wit 
 
 Or force, we averi-uncale it. Hudibrns. 
 
 Aversa'tion. n. s. [from aversor, Lat.] 
 
 1. Hatred; abhorrence; turning away 
 with detestation. 
 
 Hatred is the passion of defiance; and there is a 
 kind of aversation and hostility, included in its 
 essence. South. 
 
 2. It is most properly used with from, be- 
 fore the object of hate. 
 
 There was a stiff luirisutiiiH in my lord of Essex, 
 from ap|)lying himself to the earl of Leicester. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 3. Sometimes with to : less properly. 
 
 There is such a general aversation (in human na- 
 ture) 10 contempt, that there is scarce any thing 
 more exasperating : I will not deny, but the excess 
 of the aversation may be levelled a'gainst pride. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 ^28
 
 AVE 
 
 4. Sometimes, very improperly, with to- 
 wards. 
 
 A natural and secret hatred and aversation to- 
 uards society, in any man, liath soinewliat of the 
 savage beast. Bacon. 
 
 Ave'rse. adj. [aversus, Lat ] 
 
 1. Malign ; not favourable ; having such a 
 hatred, as to turn away. 
 
 Their courage languish'd, as their hopes de- 
 cay'd j 
 And Palfas, now averse, refus'd her aid. Dryden. 
 
 2. Not pleased with ; unwilling to. 
 Has lliy uncertain bosom ever strove, 
 
 Witli tlie'lirst tumults of a real love .' 
 
 Hast thou now dreaded, and now bless'd his sway, 
 
 By turns averse and joyful to obey f Prior. 
 
 Averse alike, to flatter or ofi"end ; 
 Not free from faults, nor yet too vain to mend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. It has most properly from, before the 
 object of aversion. 
 
 Laws politick are never framed, as they shoiild 
 be ; unless presuming the will of man to lie in- 
 wardly obstinate, rebellious, and averse from all 
 obedience unto the sacred laws of his nature. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Tliey believed all, who objected against their 
 undertakine, to be aversefrom peace. Clarendon. 
 
 These car'es alone her virgin breast employ ; 
 Averse jrom Venus and the nuptial joy. Pope. 
 
 4. V^ery frequently, but improperly, to. 
 He had, from the beginning of the war, been 
 
 very averse to any advice of the privy council. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Diodorus tells us of one Charondos, who was 
 
 averse to all innovation ; especially, when it was 
 
 to proceed from particular persons. Swift. 
 
 Ave'rsely. adv. [from averse.] 
 
 1. Unwillingly. 
 
 2. Backwardly. 
 
 Not only they want those parts of secretion ; 
 but it is emitted ayerse/j/, or backward, by both 
 sexes. Browns Vulgar Krroius. 
 
 Ave'rseness. n. s. [from avei-se.] Un- 
 willingness ; backwardness. 
 
 The corruption of man is in nothing more ma- 
 nifest, than in his averseness to entertain any friend- 
 ship or familiarity with God. Atterburtj. 
 
 Ave'rsion. n.s. [aversion, Fr, aversio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Hatred ; dislike ; detestation ; such, as 
 turns away from the object. 
 
 What, if with like aversion I reject 
 Riches and realms ? Milton. 
 
 2. It is used most properly, with/roM be- 
 fore the object of hate. 
 
 They had an inward aversion from it ; and were 
 resolved to prevent it, by all possible means. 
 
 Clarendoji. 
 
 With men, these considerations are usually 
 causes of despite, disdain, or aversion from others ; 
 but with God, so many reasons of our greater 
 tenderness towards others. Spratt. 
 
 The same adhesion to vice, and aversion from 
 goodness, will be a reason for rejecting anv proof 
 whatsoever. Atierbury. 
 
 3. Sometimes, less properly, with to. 
 
 A freeholder is bred with an avers'um to subjec- 
 tion. Addison. 
 
 I might borrow illustrations of freedom, and 
 aversion to receive new truths, from modern astro- 
 nomy. _ )^'„,(S 
 
 4. Sometimes with /or. 
 
 The [.ucquese would rather throw themselves 
 under the government of the Genoese ; than sub- 
 mit to a slate, for which they have so great avcr- 
 '<""■ " Addison. 
 
 1 his aversum of the people for the 'ite proceed- 
 ings of the commons, might be improved to good 
 "'^s- . Swift. 
 
 5. Sometimes, very improperly, with to- 
 wards. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 A U G 
 
 His aversion towards the house of York was 
 predominant, as it found piacc, not only in his 
 councils, but in hi-* bed. Bttrott. 
 
 6. The cause of aversion. 
 
 They took great pleasure in corapounding law- 
 suits among their neighbours; for wlijch, they 
 were the aversion of iTie ecnilenien of the loiij^ 
 robe. Arbuthnot s Historxf oj John Bull. 
 
 Seif-Iove and reason to one ei\d a^jjire j 
 Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire. Pope. 
 
 To AVE'RT. V. a, [averto, Lat] 
 
 1. To turn aside ; to turn off. 
 
 I beseech yon, 
 T' avert your liking a more worthy way. 
 Than on a wretch. Shakcspmre's King Lear. 
 
 At this, for the last time, she lifts her hand ; 
 Averts her eyes, and half unwilling drops the 
 brand. Dryden. 
 
 2. To cause to dislike. 
 
 Wiien people began to espy the falsehood of 
 oracles, whereupon all gentility was built ; their 
 hearts were utterly averted from it. Hooker. 
 
 Even cut themselves off, from the opportunities 
 of proselyting others, by averting them from their 
 company. Government oJ the Tongue. 
 
 3. To put by, as a calamity. 
 
 O Lord ! avert, whatsoever evil our swerving 
 may tiireaten unto his church ! Hooker. 
 
 Diversity of conjectures made many, whose con- 
 ceits averted from themselve.s the fortune of that 
 war, to become careless and secure. Knollcs. 
 
 These affections earnestly fix our minds on God ; 
 and forcibly avert from us those things, which are 
 displeasing to him, and contrary to rdigtcn. 
 
 Spratt. 
 
 Thro' threaten'd lands they wild destruction 
 throw, 
 Till ardent prayer averts the public woe. Prior. 
 
 AuF. 71. s. [of a//", Dutch.] A fool, or silly 
 fellow, Ditt. 
 
 A'uGER. n. s. [eg;g€r, Dutch.] A car- 
 penter's tool to bore holes with. 
 
 The auger hath a handle and bit ; its office is, 
 to make great round holes. When j'ou use it, the 
 stuff you work upon is commonly laid low under 
 you, that you may the easier use your strength : 
 for, in twisting the bit about by the force of both 
 your hands, on each end of the handle one, it 
 cuts great chips out of the stuff. 
 
 Moions Mech. Exeirises. 
 
 Aught, pronoun, [auh*c, apht, Saxon. 
 It is sometimes, improperly, written 
 ozight,] Any thing. 
 
 If 1 can do it. 
 By aught that 1 can speak in his dispraise. 
 She shall not long continue love to him. Shahesp. 
 
 They may, for aught I know, obtain such sub- 
 stances, as may induce the chymists to entertain 
 other thoughts. Boijle. 
 
 But go, my son ; and see, if aught be wanting 
 Among thy father's friends. Addison s Cato. 
 
 To AUGME'NT. v. a. [augmenter, Fr.] 
 
 To increase ; to make bigger, or more. 
 
 Some cursed weeds her cunning hand did know, 
 That could augment his harm, encrease his pain. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 Rivers have streams, added to them in their 
 passage, which enlarge and augment them. 
 
 Hale's Common Law of' England. 
 
 To Aitgme'nt. v.n. To increase ; to grow 
 bigger. 
 
 But, as his heat with running did augment, 
 Much more liis sight encreas'd his hot desire. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The winds redouble, and the rains augment. 
 The "aves on heaps are dash'd. Dryden s Virgil. 
 
 A'UGMENT. Ji. s. \(ins:mentum^ Lat.] 
 1. Increase; quantity gained. 
 
 Vou shall find tills augment of the tree, to be 
 without ihe diminution ot one drachm of the earth 
 
 2. State of increase. 
 
 Walton s Angler. 
 
 AUG 
 
 Discutlents are improper, in llic beiiinning of 
 
 iutiannuHtittiia ; but proper, when mixed with re- 
 
 |ielients, in the augment. Wistman. 
 
 Augmenta'tion. n.s, [from ous^rtunt.] 
 
 1. The act of increasing or making bigger. 
 Those who would be zt-alous a;^-diMSt regular 
 
 troops afiera ; eace, will pruiuuie an uugmeniution 
 of those on foot. Addiion 
 
 2. The state of being made bigger. 
 
 What iiioditication of matter can make one em 
 bryo capable of so [jrodigiousiv va.si augmentation, 
 w)iile another is confined to tJie niiiiutenc-'^s of arj 
 insect? BentUtt. 
 
 3. The thing added, by which another is 
 made bigger. 
 
 By being glorified, it does not mean that he 
 doth receive any augmentatioit of glory at our 
 hands ; but his name we jjlorify, when we testify 
 our ackuouledgment of his glory. Hooker. 
 
 Augmentation Court, A court erected 
 by King Henry the Eighth, for the in- 
 crease of the revenues of his crown, by 
 the suppression of monasteries. Did. 
 
 A'ugre. n,s. A carpenter's tool. See 
 Auger. 
 
 Your temples burned in the cement, and 
 Your franchises, whereon you stood, confin'd 
 Into an augre's bore. Shnkesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 A'ugre-ho'le. n. s. [from augre and 
 hoh.^ A hole made by boring with an 
 augre; proverbially a narrow space. 
 
 What should be spoken here, 
 Where our fate, hid within an augre-hoi.e. 
 May rush and seize us. Shakesp. Machcth. 
 
 A'U(jUR. 71. s. [art gur, Lat.] One who 
 pretends to predict by omens, as by the 
 flight of birds. 
 
 What say the avgiirs ? 
 —They would not liave you stir frtli to-day : 
 Plucking the entrails of an offering forth. 
 They could not find a heart within the beast. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Calchas, the sacred seer, who had in view 
 Things present and the past, and things to come 
 
 foreknew : 
 Supreme of augurs. Dryden s Fables. 
 
 As I and mine consult thy augur. 
 Grant the glad omen ; let thy fav'rite rise 
 Propitious, ever soaring from the right. Prior. 
 To A'UGUR. i\ 71. [from augu7\'\ To guess; 
 to conjecture by signs. 
 
 The people love me, and the sea is mine, 
 ]My pow'r s a crescent, and ray aug'ring hope 
 Sa'i s it will come to the full. Shakespeare. 
 
 I\Iy aug'ring mind assures the same success. 
 
 J>ryden. 
 
 To A'uGURATE, r. n. [cuguroTj Lat.] 
 
 To judge by augury. 
 AuGURATioN. 71. $. [from aug2ir.] The 
 practice of augury, or of foretelling by 
 events and prodigies. 
 
 Claudius Puicher underwent the Uke success, 
 when he continued, the tripudiary augurations. 
 
 Brown s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 A'UGURER. n.s. [from augur.] The same 
 with augur. 
 
 These apparent prodigies, 
 And the persuasion of his augurers. 
 May hold him from the capilul to-day. Shahtifp. 
 
 Augu'rial. adj. [from augury.] Re- 
 lating to augury. 
 
 On this foundation were built the conchisions 
 of soothsayers, in their augurial and tripudiary di- 
 vinations. Brown. 
 
 To A'ugurise. r. w. [from aus^r.] To 
 practise divination by augury. Diet. 
 
 Au'gurous. adj. [from augiir,] Pre- 
 dicting ; prescient ; foreboding. 
 
 V2d
 
 A U L 
 
 So fearM 
 The fiiir-nian'd horses, tli:it tliey flew back, and 
 
 iheir cluriots tuni'd, 
 Presaging in their aitgurous hearts l!ie labours that 
 
 they niuurn'd. Chapmnn's Iliad. 
 
 A'ugury'. n.s. [augurhim, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of prognosticating by omens 
 or prodigies. 
 
 Thy face and tliy behaviour, 
 Which, if ray augunf deceive me not, 
 Witness gootl bret'ding. ShaUeap. 
 
 The wiiuls are chang'd, your friends from daai- 
 ger free, 
 Or 1 renounce my skill in augury, Dryd. ^neid. 
 
 She knew, by ungurii divine, 
 Venus would fiVd in the design. Swift. 
 
 2. An omen or prediction. 
 
 Wiiat if this death, which Js for hira design'd. 
 Had been your doom (far be ihat augury !) 
 And you, not Aurengzebe, condeinn'd to die? 
 
 Vryacn, 
 The pow'rs we both invoke 
 To you, and yours, and mine, propitious be, 
 And firm our' purjiose with an augury. DryfJtn. 
 
 AvGu'sT. adj. [august n$f Lat.] Great; 
 grand; royal; magnificent; a^vful. 
 
 There is nothing so contemptible, but antiquity 
 can render it august and excellent. GUmv. Scepsis. 
 
 The Trojan chief apjiear'd in open sight, 
 August in visage, and serenely bright ; 
 His mother goddess, with her hands divine. 
 Had form'd ids curling locks, and made his tem- 
 ples shine. Dryden. 
 
 A'uGUST. V. s. [Augustus, Lat.] The name 
 of the eighth month from January in- 
 clusive. 
 
 AugiuU was dedicated to the honour ot Augustus 
 CiEsar, because in the same month he was created 
 consul, thrice triumpheriuRoine, subdued Egypt 
 to the Roman empire, and made an end of civil 
 wars; being before called SextHis, or the sixth 
 from Alarch. Peacham. 
 
 AuGu'sTNESS. n,s. [^\'ovl\ august.'] Ele- 
 vation of look ; dignity ; loftiness of 
 mien or aspect. 
 A'viARY. n.s. [from av'iSy Lat. a bird.] 
 A place inclosed to keep birds in. 
 
 In aviaries of wire, to keep birds of all sorts, 
 the Italians bestow vast expence ; including great 
 scope of ground, variety of bushes, trees of good 
 height, running waters, and sometimes a stove 
 annexed, to contemper the air in the winter. 
 
 Wottous Architecture. 
 
 Look now to yourayf'ari/; fur now tJie birds 
 
 grow sick of their feathers. Evelyns Kaicudar. 
 
 Avi'dity. 71. s. [avidite, Fr. aviditas, 
 
 Lat.] Greediness; eagerness; appetite; 
 
 insatiable desire. 
 A'viTous. adj. [avifns, Lat] Left by a 
 
 man's ancestors; ancient. Diet. 
 
 To Avi'zE. V. fl. [aviscr, Fr. a word out 
 
 of use] 
 
 1. To counsel. 
 
 With that, the husbandman *gan him avize^ 
 That it for him was fittest exercise. Spenser. 
 
 2. With a reciprocal pronoun, to bethink 
 himself: s'aviscr^ Fr. 
 
 But hi:u aviziug, he that dreadful deed 
 Forbwrc, and rather chose, with scornful shame, 
 Him to avenge. Spemtr. 
 
 3. To tonsider ; to examine. 
 
 No power he had to stir, nor will to rise ; 
 Thar uIumi tht* careful knight 'gan well ainze. 
 He liglilly left the foe. Fairy Queen. 
 
 A^ they 'gan Ins library to view. 
 And aiitiipie registers for to avize. Spenser. 
 
 A'uKWARD. See Awkward. 
 
 AuLD. adj. [alb, Sax.] A word now ob- 
 solete ; but still used in the Scotch dia- 
 lect. 
 
 A V O 
 
 'Tis pride that jjulls the country (ioivn ; 
 Then take thine aiild cloak abuut liiec. 
 
 Shakespedve^s Othclh. 
 
 Aule'tick. adj. [atXx-] Belonging to 
 
 pipes. Diet. 
 
 A'uLicK. adj. [aulicus, Lat.] Belonging 
 
 to the court. 
 AxJLN. n.s. [(jM/«e, Fr.] A French mea- 
 sure of length ; an ell. 
 To Auma'il. v. a. [i'vom tnaille, Fr. the 
 mesh of a net; whence a coat of an- 
 mail, a coat with network of iron.] To 
 variegate ; to figure. Upton explains 
 it to enamel. 
 
 In golden buskins of costly cordwaine. 
 All hard with golden bendes, which were entail'd 
 With curious anticks, and full fairnftmairrf. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Aumbry. See Ambry. 
 
 Aunt. n. s. [tante, Fr. amita, Lat.] A 
 
 father or mother's sister ; correlative to 
 
 nephew or niece. 
 
 Who meets us here ? my niece Plantagenet, 
 Led in the hand of her kind aunt of Glo'ster. 
 
 Sltakespeare. 
 
 She went to plain work, and to purling brooks, 
 
 Old fashion'd halls, dull aimis, and croaking rooks. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 AVOCADO, n.s. [Span, persica, f^t.] 
 
 The name of a tree that grows in great 
 
 plenty in the Spanish West Indies. 
 
 The fruit is of itself very insipid, for which 
 reason they generally eat it with the juice of le- 
 nioiis and sugar, to g'ive it a poignancy. Miller. 
 
 To A'VOCATE. v. a. [avoco, Lat.] To 
 call off from business; to call away. 
 
 Tlieir divcsture of mortality dispenses them 
 from those laborious and avocating duties to dis- 
 tressed Christians, and their secular relations, 
 which are here re([uisite. Boyle. 
 
 Avoca'tion. U.S. [froiYi avocate.] 
 
 1. The act of calling aside. 
 
 The bustle of business, the aivcations of our 
 senses, and the din of a clamorous world, are im- 
 pediments. Glanville. 
 
 Stir up that remembrance which his many ttiv- 
 catioiis of business have caused him to lay a^ide. 
 
 Drtjdai. 
 
 God docs frequently inject into the soul blessed 
 impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from 
 sin. .South. 
 
 2. The business that calls ; or tlie call that 
 summons away. 
 
 It is a subject that wc may make some progress 
 in its conteuiplation witliinthe time, that in the 
 ordinary time of life, ami with the perniission of 
 necessary acocuiions, a man may employ in sucll a 
 coniem|)lation. Hale's Origin tf Mankind. 
 
 By the secular cares and arocalions which ac- 
 conipany marriage, the clergy have been funiished 
 with skill in cuiuiiion life. Atterbury. 
 
 To AVOID, v.a. [vuUhr, Fr.] 
 J. To shun; to decline. 
 
 The wisdom of pleasing God, by doing wliat 
 he commands, and avoiding what he forbids. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 2. To escape ; as^ he avoided the blow by 
 
 turning aside. 
 
 3. To endeavour to shun. 
 
 The fashion of the world is to avoid cost, and 
 you encounter it. Shakespeare. 
 
 4. To evacuate; to quit. 
 
 What have you to do here, fellow ? pray you, 
 avoid the house. Shakespeare. 
 
 If any rebel should be required of the prince 
 confederate, the prince confederate should com- 
 mnud him to avoid the conntry. Bacon. 
 
 He desired to speak wiih some few of us : 
 whereupon six of us oidy stayed, and the rest 
 avoided the room. Bacon. 
 
 A V O 
 
 5. To emit ; to throw out. 
 
 A toad contains not those urinary parts wliich 
 are found in other aninials to avoid that seroits 
 e.Kcretion. Ihoint'x Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 G. To oppose ; to hinder eflect. 
 
 The rtiinjving that which caused putrefaction, 
 doth prevent and aroid putrefaction. Jiacon. 
 
 7. To vacate ; to annul. 
 
 How can tliesc grants of the king's be avoided. 
 without wronging of those lords which had these 
 lands and lordships given them? Spenser. 
 
 To Avo'ii). I', n. 
 
 1. To retire. 
 
 And Saul cast the javelin ; for he said, I will 
 smite David even to the wall with it: and David 
 avoided out of his j rescnce twice. 1 Su7n. 
 
 2. To become void or vacant. 
 
 Bisho pricks are not included under benefices: 
 
 so that if a person takes a bishoprick, it does not 
 
 avoid by force of that law of pluralities, hut by 
 
 the ancient common law. Ayli^e. 
 
 Avo'iDABLE. adj. [from avoid.] 
 
 1. That which may be avoided, shunned, 
 or escaped. 
 
 Want of exactness in such nice experiments is 
 scarce avoidable. Jioule. 
 
 To taLe several things for granted, is Iiaidly 
 avoidable to any one, whose tasK it is to shew l! e 
 falsehood or ill. probability of any truth. Locke. 
 
 2. Liable to be vacated or annulled. 
 
 The charters were not avoidable (ut the king's 
 nonage; and if there could have been any sucli 
 pretence, that alone would not avoid them. Hale. 
 
 Avo'lDANCE. n.s. [I'rom avoid.] 
 
 1. The act of avoiding. 
 
 It is appointed to give us vigour in the pursuit 
 of what is good, or in the avoidance of what is 
 hurtful. _ Watts. 
 
 2. The course by which any thing is car- 
 ried off. 
 
 For avoijlances and drainings of water, where 
 there is too much, we shall speak of. Bacon. 
 
 3. The act or state of becoming vacant. 
 
 4. The act of annulling. 
 Avo'lDER. n.s. [from avoid.] 
 
 1. The person that avoids or shiiiis ,iny 
 thing. 
 
 2. The person that carries any thing away. 
 
 3. The vessel in which things are carried 
 away. 
 
 Avo'lDLESS. adj. [from avoid.] Inevita- 
 ble ; that which cannot be avoided. 
 
 That avoidkss ruin in which the whole empire 
 would be involved. Dennis's Letter:^. 
 
 AvoiRDUPo'is. n.s. [avoir dupoids, Fr.] 
 A kind of weight, of which a pound 
 contains sixteen ounces, and is in pro- 
 portion to a priund Troy, as seventeen 
 to fourteen. All the larger and coarser 
 commodities are weighed by avoirdu- 
 pois weight. Chambers. 
 Probably the Romans left their ounce in Bri- 
 tain, which is now our avoirdupois ounce : for our 
 troy ounce we had elsewhere. Arbuthnot on Coim. 
 AvoLATloN. n. s. [from avolo to fly 
 away, Lat.] The act of flying away ; 
 flight ; escape. 
 These airy vegetables are made by the relicks of 
 lantal eiiiissives, whose avolation was prevented 
 V the condensed enclosure. Glanville's Scepsis, 
 'Strancers, or the fungous parcels about can- 
 dles, orily signify a pluvious air, hindering the 
 avolation of the favillous particles. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 To Avo'ucH. v.a. [a rower, Fr.: for this 
 word we now generally say voitcfi.] 
 
 1, To affirm ; to maintain ; to declare pe- 
 remptorily. 
 
 180 
 
 E'v
 
 A U R 
 
 Tlicy boldly avouched tliat themselves only liad 
 ihe triilh, wlucli the^' would at all times defend. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Wretched though I seem, 
 I can produce a champion that will prove 
 Wliat is neimclicd here. Shtihsjieare's King Lear. 
 
 2. To protkiee in favour of another. 
 Such antiquities could have been avoucht'd for 
 
 the Irisli. Upenser's iielund. 
 
 3. To vindicate ; to justify. 
 
 You will thii.k you made no offence, if the 
 dnke avouch the justice of your dealini;. 
 
 Shakcnieare's Measure Joi- Measure. 
 
 Avo'ucH. n. s. [from the verb.] Decla- 
 ration ; evidence ; testimony. 
 
 I might not this believe, 
 WiUiout tlie sensible and trj'd avouch 
 Of mine own eves. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Avo'ucHABLE. adj. [from aiouc/i.] That 
 
 may be avouched. 
 Avo'lcher. n. s. [from ccouc/;.] He 
 
 that avouches. 
 To AVOW. V. a. [avoiier, Fr.] To de- 
 clare with confidence ; to justify ; not 
 to dissemble. 
 
 Hii cruel stepdame, seeing what was done, 
 Her wicked days with wretched knife did end ; 
 In death aivwing th' ijinocence of her son. 
 
 Fairu Queen. 
 He that delivers them mentions his "doing it 
 upon his own particular knowledge, or the rela- 
 tion of some credible person, avowing it upon his 
 own experience. Boyle. 
 
 Left to myself, I must ai-oic, I strove 
 From publick shame to screen my secret love. 
 
 Dnid. 
 
 Such assertions proceed from principles which 
 
 cannot be avowed by those who are for preserving 
 
 church and stale. Sivjft. 
 
 Then blaz'd his smother'd flame, amifV and 
 
 bold. Tliomsjn. 
 
 Avo'wABLE. adj. [from avoiv.'] That 
 which may be openly declared; that 
 which may be declared without shame. 
 
 Avowal, n.s. [from at'ow.] Justificatory 
 declaration ; open declaration. 
 
 Avo'wEDLY. adv. [from avow.'] In an 
 open manner. 
 
 Wilmut could not avowedly have excepted 
 against the other. Clarendon. 
 
 Avowee', n.s. \iivouc, Fr.] He to whom 
 the right of ad\ow30ii of any church 
 belongs. Diet. 
 
 Avo'wEK. n. s. [from avow.'] He that 
 avows or justifies. 
 
 ■ . Virgil makes .ineas a bold avoiver of his own 
 virtues. Uniden. 
 
 Avo'wRY. 71. s. [from avow.l In law, is 
 where one takes a distress for rent, or 
 other thing, and the other sues replevin. 
 In Avhich case the taker shall justify, in 
 his plea, for what cause he took it ; and 
 if he took it in his own right, is to shew 
 it, and so avow the taking, which is 
 called his avowry. Chambers. 
 
 Avo'wsAL. n. s. [from avow.'] A confes- 
 sion. Okt. 
 
 Avo'wTRY. n.s. [SeeADvouTRY.] Adul- 
 tery. 
 
 A.'UR.\TE. n.s A sort of pear; which see. 
 .\i-Re'lia. n.s. [Lat.] .\ term used for 
 the first apparent change of the eruca, 
 or maggot of any species of insects. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Tlie solitary maggot, found in the drv heads of 
 
 teasel, is sometimes changed into the a«rc/i<i of a 
 
 butterfly, sometimes into a fly-ca.-c. Ray on Creat. 
 
 A U S 
 
 A'URICLE. n. s. [auricula, Lat.] 
 
 I . The external ear, or that part of the ear 
 
 which is prominent from I he head. 
 •2. Two appendages of the heart : being 
 two muscular caps, covering the tv.o 
 ventricles thereof; thus called from the 
 resemblance they bear to the external 
 ear; They move regularly like the heart, 
 only in an inverted order ; their systole 
 corresponding to the diastole of the 
 heart. Chambers. 
 
 Blood should be ready to join with the chyle, 
 before it reaches the right auricU of the heart. 
 
 Rau on Creation. 
 
 AuRi'cuL.\. 71. s. See Bear's Ear. A 
 
 flower. 
 -Avri'cular. adj. [from auricula, Lat. 
 
 tlie ear.] 
 
 1. Within the sense or reach of hearing. 
 
 You shall hear us confer, and by an auricular 
 assurance have your satisfaction. Shak. K. Le^r. 
 
 2. Secret ; tolcl in the ear ; as, auricular 
 confession. 
 
 3. Traditional ; known by report. 
 
 The alchvmists call in UKiiiy varieties out of 
 astrology, auricular traditions, and feigned testi- 
 inouies"! B.con. 
 
 AuRi'cuLARLY. adv. [from auricular.] 
 In a secret manner. 
 
 These will soon confess, and that not atiricu- 
 larly, but in a loud and audible voice. 
 
 Decay vf Piety. 
 
 Auri'fergus. adj. [auri/er, Lat] That 
 which produces gold. 
 Rocks rich in gems, and mountains big with 
 mines, 
 A\1ience many a bursting stream auriferous plays. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Auriga'tion. n. s. [auriga, Lat.] The 
 act or practice of driving caiTiages. Diet. 
 Auripigme'ntum. See Orpiment. 
 AURORA, n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. .A species of crowfoot. 
 
 2. The goddess that opens the gates of 
 daj' ; poetically, the morning. 
 
 Aurora sheds 
 On Indus' smiling banks the rosv shower. Tlioms. 
 
 AURORA Burcalis. [Lat.]" Light stream- 
 ing in the night from the north. 
 AU'RUM Fulminans. [Lat] .A prepara- 
 tion made by dissolving gold in aqua 
 regia, and precipitating it with salt of 
 tartar ; wlience a very small quantity of 
 it becomes capable, bj' a moderate heat, 
 of giving a report Hke that of a pistol. 
 
 Quincy. 
 Some aumm fulminans the fabrick shook. 
 
 Gaith. 
 
 Auscultation, n. s. [from ausculto, 
 Lat.] A hearkening or listening to. Diet. 
 A'USPICE. n.s. [auspicium, Lat.] 
 
 1. The omens of any future undertaking 
 di-awn from birds. 
 
 2. Protection; favour shewn. 
 Great father ilars, and greater Jove, 
 
 By whose high <cujjiceRome hath stood 
 
 So long. Ben Jonson. 
 
 3. Influence; good derived to others trom 
 the piety of their patron. 
 
 But ?o mav he live long, that town to sway, 
 Which by his uu^ipice they will nobler make. 
 As he will hatch their ashes by his stay. Vryden. 
 
 Auspi'ci.A.L. adj. [from auspice.] Re- 
 lating to prognosticks. 
 
 A U S 
 
 Auspi'cious. adj. [from auspice,] 
 
 1. Having omens of success. 
 
 You arc now, with hapin an<i ausjttcums begin- 
 nings, forming a model ol ii Christian charity. 
 
 bpratt. 
 
 2. Prosperous; fortunate: applied toper- 
 sons. 
 
 Jiis/KCwi/s chief ! ihy race, in times lo come, 
 Sbull spread the conquests uf imperial Hume. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 3. Favourable; kind ; propitious: applied 
 to persons, or actions. 
 
 Fortune play upon thy prosp'rous hehn. 
 As thy au.^icious mistress ! Sliaicspeare. 
 
 4. Lucky; happy: applied to ihings, 
 
 illdeUveraU, 
 And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales. 
 And sails e-\p'editious. Sliakesp. Tempest. 
 
 A pure, an active, and auspicious flame, 
 And bright as heav'n, from whence the blessing 
 came. Roscommon, 
 
 Two battles your auspicious cause has won ; 
 Thy sword can perfect what it has bc>iun. Dryd. 
 Auspi'ciOUSLY. adv. [from auspicious.] 
 Happily ; prosperously ; Avith prosperous 
 omens. 
 Auspi'ciousNESS, n.s. [^rom auspicious.] 
 
 Prosperity; promise of happiness. 
 AUSTERE, adj. [nusferus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Severe ; harsh; rigid. 
 
 When men represent tlie Divine nature as au 
 austeir and rigorous master, always lifting up his 
 hand to take vengeance, such couceptiuus must 
 unavoidably raise terror. Roga's. 
 
 'Austere Saturruus, say. 
 From whence this wratli? or who controuls thy 
 sway r Fope. 
 
 2. Sour of taste ; harsh. 
 
 Th* austere and pond'rous juices they sublime. 
 Make them ascend the porous .«oil, and climb 
 The orange tree, tlie citron, and the lime. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 Austere wines, diluted with water, cool more 
 than water alone, and at the same time do not 
 relax. Arlmthtwt on Aliments. 
 
 Auste'rely. adv. [from austere.] Se- 
 verely ; rigidl3\ 
 
 Ah ! Luciana, did he tempt thee so ? 
 3Iight'st thou perceive, austtrely iu his eve. 
 That he did plead in earnest ' Slia)iefpeare. 
 
 Hypocrites austtrelif talk 
 Of purity, and place, and innocence. Par. Ijxst. 
 
 Auste'reness. n. s. [fcom ausiere.] 
 L Severity; strictness; rigour. 
 
 My nnsoil'd name, th' austaeness of my life, 
 JNTav vouch against you ; and my place i' th' state 
 Wifl so your accusation overweigh. Shakespeare. 
 If an indifferent and unridiculous object could 
 draw this auslereness into a smile, hb haidly cuuld 
 resist l!ie proper motives thereof. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 2. Roughness in taste. 
 
 Austerity, n. s. [from austere.] 
 
 1. Severity ; mortified life ; strictness. 
 Now, Marcus Cato, our new consul's spy, 
 
 ^Vhat is your sour austeritii sent t' explore 1 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 AMiat was that snaky-headed G^rcon shield 
 That wise JMinerva wore, unconijuer'B vir"in, 
 AVherew ith slie freez'd her iocs to congeal d stone. 
 But rigid looks of chaste austeritp. 
 And noble grace, that dash'd brute riolence 
 With sudden adoration and blank awe ? 3/iVmk. 
 
 This prince kept the go\'emnieni, and yet 
 lived in this convent with all the rigour and aus- 
 terity of a Capuchin. Addison. 
 
 2. Cruelty; harsh discipline. 
 Let not auiteritij breed servile fear; 
 
 No wanton soiuid otJend her virgin ear. 
 
 Roscomnum. 
 
 A'LSTRAL. adj, [australis, Lat.] Sou- 
 thern ; asj the austratsigus, ,
 
 A U T 
 
 To A'USTRALIZE. v.n. [from austcr tlie 
 south wind, Lat.] To tend towards the 
 south 
 
 Steel and good iron discover a vertieity, or 
 polar faculty ; wlieveby tliey do septentriaLe at 
 one e\trenie, and austrtilize at another. 
 
 Bniwn's Viitg. Eir. 
 A'usTRlNE. adj. [from ausli-inus, Lat.] 
 
 Southern ; southernly. 
 AuTHEN ricAL. udj. [from authenlkk.~\ 
 Not fictitious; being what it seems. 
 
 Of statutes made before time of memory, we 
 have no anttieniicai records, but only transcripts. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Authe'ntically. adv. [from aul/ienti- 
 cal.] After an authentick manner ; 
 ■witli all tiie circumstances requisite to 
 procure authority. 
 
 This point is dubious, and not yet authentk-ally 
 
 decided. Bntwii's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Conscience never commands or forbids any 
 
 thinj' anthcnticiiUtj, but tlicre is some law of God 
 
 wliicn connnands or fui bids it iirst. South. 
 
 Authe'nticalness. w. s. [from aiithen- 
 iical.] The quality of being authentick ; 
 genuineness; authority. 
 
 Notiiing can be more |)loasant than to see vir- 
 tuosos about a cabinet of medals, descanting upon 
 the value, rarity, and autheiiticalness of the seve- 
 ral pieces. Addison. 
 
 AuTllENTl'ciTY. n.s. [from authentick.] 
 Authority ; genuineness ; the being au- 
 thentick. 
 AUTHE'NTICK. adj [authcnticus, Lat.] 
 That which has every thing requisite 
 to give it authority ; as, an authtntick 
 register. It is used in opposition to 
 any thing by which authority is de- 
 stroyed, as autluntick, not counln-Jcit. 
 It is never used of persons. Genuine ; 
 not fictitious. 
 
 Thou art wont his creat uuthentick will 
 Interpreter through iiigliest heav'n to bring. Milt. 
 
 She joy 'd th' authentick news to hear, 
 Of what she guess'd before with jealous fear. 
 
 Cowley. 
 But censure 's to be understood 
 Tlie authentick mark of tiie elect. 
 The publick stamp heav'n sets on all that's great 
 and good. Swift. 
 
 Adthe'ntickly. adv. [from authentick.] 
 
 After an authentick manner. 
 Authe'nticknes.S. n. s. [from authen- 
 tick.] The same with authenticity. 
 AUTHOR, n.s. [auctor, Lat.] 
 J. The first beginner or mover of any 
 thing ; he to whom any thing owes its 
 original . 
 
 That law, the autluyr and observer wliereof is 
 one only God, to be blessed for ever. Ihtokcr. 
 
 The author of tliat whjcli causeth another thing 
 to be, is author of that thing also which thereby is 
 caused. Hoolier. 
 
 I'll never 
 Be such a gosling to obey instinct ; but stand 
 As if a man was author of himself. 
 And knew no other kin. Shakesp. Coriolamus. 
 
 Thou art my father, thou my author^ thou 
 My being gav'st mc ; whom should 1 obey 
 But thee? Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 But Faunus came from Picus, Picus drew 
 
 His birth from Saturn, if records be true. 
 
 Thus king Latinus, in the third degree. 
 Had Saturn author o{ his family. Drijden. 
 
 If the worship of false gods Imd not blinded the 
 heathen, instead of teaching to worship the sun, 
 and dead heroes, they woulu have taught us to 
 worship our true Autlior and benefactor, as their 
 
 A U T 
 
 ancestors did under the government of Noah nnd 
 his suns, before they corru|)led themselves. 
 
 Kenton. 
 
 2. The efficient ; he that effects or pio 
 duces any thin^. 
 
 That which is the strength of their amity, shaU 
 prove the immediate author o( their variance. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Now while the tortur'd savage turns around, 
 And flings abuut his foam, impatient of tlie 
 
 wound ; 
 The wound's great author close at hand provokes 
 His rage. Drydeus Fabtts. 
 
 From his loins 
 New authors of dissension spring ; from liim 
 Two branches, that in hosting long contend 
 For sovereign sway. Philips. 
 
 3. The first writer of any thing ; distinct 
 from the trandaior or compiler. 
 
 To stand upon every point in particulars, be- 
 iongeth to the first author of the story. 
 
 y Mace. ii. 30. 
 
 An author has the choice of his own thoughts 
 and words, which a translator has not. Drydeu. 
 
 4. A writer in general. 
 
 Yet their own authors faithfully affirm 
 That the land Salike lies in Germany. SItakesp. 
 
 Autho'ritative. adj. [£rom authority.] 
 
 1. Having due authority. 
 
 2. Having an air of authority. 
 
 I dare not give them the authoritative title of 
 aphorisms, which yet may make a reasonable 
 moral prognostick. Wotton. 
 
 The mock autlwritative manner of tJie one, and 
 the insipid mirth of the other. SwifVs Exam. 
 
 Autho'ritatively. adv, [from a?tt/io- 
 7'itative.] 
 
 1. In an authoritative manner; with a 
 
 shew of authority. 
 
 2. Witli due authority. 
 
 No law foreign binds in England, till it be re- 
 ceived, and authoritaiivdy engrafted, into the law 
 of Kngiand. Hak. 
 
 x\utho'ritativeness. n.s. [from au- 
 thoritative,'] An acting by authority ; 
 authoritative appearance. Diet. 
 
 Autho'rity. n. s. [auctoritas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Legal power. 
 
 Idle old man. 
 That still would manage those authorities 
 That he hath giv'n away ! Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Ad;tm's sovereignty, that by virtue of being 
 proprietor of the wlio'le world, 'he had any autho- 
 n7i7 over men, could not have been inherited by 
 any of his children. Locke. 
 
 2. Influence ; credit. 
 
 Power arising from strengtli, is always in those 
 tiiat are governed, who are many : but antJuvit}! 
 arising from opinion, is in those tliat govern, who 
 are few, ^ Temple. 
 
 The woods are fitter to give rules than cities, 
 where those that call themselves civil and rational, 
 go out of their way, by the authority of exam[)lc. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. Power ; rule. 
 
 I know, my lord, 
 If hiw, authttr it y, and pow'rdeny not, 
 It will go hard witii poor Antonio. Shakespeare. 
 lint I sutler not a woman to teach, nor to usurp 
 authority over the man, but to be in silence, 
 
 1 Tim. ii. 12 
 
 4. Support; justification; countenance. 
 
 Dost thou expect th' authority of their voices, 
 Whose silent wills condemn tliee ? Ben Jonson. 
 
 5. Testimony. 
 
 Something I have heard of this, which I would 
 be glad to find by so sweet an authoi^iiy confirmed. 
 
 Siduc}). 
 We urge authorities in things that need not, and 
 introduce the testimony of ancient writers, to con- 
 firm thuigs evidently Ijelieved. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 A U T 
 
 Having been so hardy as to undertake a charge 
 
 against the pliilosophy of the schools, I was liable 
 
 to have been overborne by a torrent of anthorilivs. 
 
 GUtnville's Scepsis. 
 
 (y. Weight of testimony; credibility; co- 
 
 geticy of evidence. 
 
 They consider the main consent of all the 
 churches in the whole world, witnessing the sa- 
 cred authority of scriptures, ever sillience the first 
 publication tnereof, even till this present day and 
 hour. Hooker. 
 
 Authoriza'tion. n.s. [rvom author ize.] 
 Establishment by authority. 
 
 The ublig;ition of laws arises not from their 
 matter, but Irom their admission and reception, 
 
 and antliorizatiim in this kingdom. Hale. 
 
 To Au'thorize. v. a. [aiitoiiser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To give atithority to any person. 
 
 Making herself an impudent suitor, authorizing 
 herself very much, wiiJi making us see, that all 
 favour and power depended upon her. Sidney. 
 
 Deaf to complaints, they wait upon the ill, 
 Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden. 
 
 2. To make any thing legal. 
 
 Yourself first made that title which I claim, 
 First bid me love, and authorized my flame. 
 
 Dry Jen. 
 
 I have nothing farther to desire. 
 But Sancho's leave to autJwrize our marriage. 
 
 l)rynen. 
 
 To have countenanced in him irregularity ,"^ and 
 disobedience to that light wbicli he had, would 
 have been, to have authorized disorder, confusion, 
 and wickedness, in his creatures. Locke. 
 
 3. To establish any thing by authority. 
 Lawful it is to devise any ceremony, and to 
 
 authorize any kind of regiment, no special cora- 
 mandiueut being tlieieby violated. Hooker* 
 
 Those forms are best wliich liave been longest 
 received and authorized in a nation by custom and 
 use. ^ ^ Temple. 
 
 4. To justify; to prove a thing to be right. 
 All virtue lies in a power of denying our own 
 
 desires, where reason does not authorize them. 
 
 ^ Locke. 
 
 5. To give credit to any person or thing. 
 
 Although their intention l)e sincere, yet doth 
 it notoriously strengthen vulgar crrour, and au- 
 thorize opinions injurious unto truth. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Be a person in vogue with the multitude, he 
 
 shall autliorizc any ntmsense, and make incoherent 
 
 stutf, seasoned with twang and tautology, pass 
 
 for rheturick. South. 
 
 AuTO'CRASY. 7/. S. [avToy.^oirna., from 
 auT^ self, and k^cct^ power.] Inde- 
 pendent power ; supremacy. 
 
 Autogra'phical. adj. [from autogra- 
 ph* j/.] Of one's own writing. Diet. 
 
 Auto'graphy. n. s. [i.vToy^a.(pov, from 
 avTo^ and ypaipu to write,] A particular 
 person's own writing ; or the original of 
 a treatise, in opposition to a copy. 
 
 Automa'tical. adj. [irom automaton.] 
 Belonging to an automaton ; having the 
 power of moving itself*. 
 
 Axjto'maton. n.s. [a.vrof/.ixTov. In the 
 plural^ automata.] A macliine that hath 
 the power of motion witliin itself, and 
 which stands in need of no foreign as- 
 sistance, Quincy. 
 For it is greater to understand the art, whereby 
 the Almighty governs the motions of the great 
 automaton, than to have learned tlie intrigues of 
 policy. (ilonvillc's Scepsis. 
 The particular circumstances for which the au- 
 tomata of this kind are most eminent, may be re- 
 duced to four. )Vilkins. 
 
 Auto'matous. adj. [from atdomaton.'] 
 Having in itself the power of motion, 
 
 132
 
 A U X 
 
 Clocks, or automatons organs, whereby we dis- 
 tinguish of time, have no lueiitic.n in ancient 
 ■writers. Broiui's I'nlgcir F.rnmrs. 
 
 Auto'nomy. n.s. [iuTo»0|M.la.] 'the living 
 according to one's mind and prescrip- 
 tion. _ ^ -O'c'- 
 Autopsy, w. s. [afToiJ/i«.] Ocular de- 
 monstration ; seeing a thing one's self. 
 
 Quiticy. 
 In those that have forked uils, autopsy con- 
 Tinceth us, that it liath this use. 
 
 Kay on the Creation. 
 
 AUTO'PTICAL. adj. [from autopsy.] Per- 
 ceived by one's ovifn eyes. 
 
 AuTo'PTicALLY. adv. [from autoptical.] 
 By means of one's own eyes. 
 
 Were tliis true, it would autopticalty silence that 
 dispute. Brotm. 
 
 ■That the galaxy is a meteor, was the account 
 of Aristotle; but the telescope hath autopticullu 
 confuted it : and he, who is not Pyrrlionian enough 
 to the disbelief of his senses, may see that it is no 
 eshalation. Cllanrille's Scepfis. 
 
 A'UTUMN. n.s. [aiitumnus, Lat.] The 
 season of the year between summer and 
 ■winter, beginning astronomically at the 
 equinox, and ending at the solstice; 
 popularly, autumn comprises August, 
 September, and October. 
 
 For I will board her, though she chide as loud 
 As thuuder, wlicu the clouds in autumn crack. 
 
 aiiakesp. 
 
 I would not be over-confident, till lie hatli 
 passed a spring or autumn. ]\'vicman's Surgery. 
 
 The starving brood, 
 Void of sufficient sustenance, will yield 
 A slender autumn. _ Phitips. 
 
 Autumn, nodding o'er the yellow plain, 
 Comes jovial on. Thomson. 
 
 Autu'mnal. adj. [from autumn.] Be- 
 longing to autumn; produced in au- 
 tumn. 
 
 No spring or summer's beauty hath such grace, 
 As 1 have seen in one autumnal face. Donne. 
 
 Thou slialt not long 
 Rule in the clouds ; like an autumnal star. 
 Or lightning, thou shalt fall. Miltmi. 
 
 Bind now up your autumnal flowers, to prevent 
 Budden gusts, w'hich will irustrale all. Evelyn. 
 
 Not the fair fruit that on yon branches glows 
 With that ripe red th' autumnal sun bestows. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Avu'lsion. n. s. [avtilsio, Lat.] The act 
 of pulling one thing from another. 
 
 Spare not the little offsprings, if they grow 
 Redundant ; but the thronging clusters thin 
 By kind uvuhion. Philips. 
 
 The pressure of any ambient fluid can be no 
 intelligible cause of the cohesion of matter ; though 
 such a pressure may hinder the avuls'wn of two 
 polished superlicies one from another, in a line 
 perpendicular to them. Locke. 
 
 AUXE'SIS. n.s. [Latin.] An increasing; 
 an e.Kornation, when, for amplification, 
 a more grave and magnificent word is 
 put instead of tlie proper word. 
 
 Smit/i's Rhctorick. 
 Auxi'liar. ) adj. [from au.vilium, Lat.] 
 Auxi'liary. j Assistant ; helping; con- 
 federate. 
 
 The giant brood. 
 That fought at Thebes and Ilium on cacli side, 
 Mix'd with rtu,ti7mr gods. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Their tractati'S are little aiiriiifn-y unto ours, nor 
 afford US any light to detenehrate this truth. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Krrours. 
 
 Tliere is not the smallest ca|)illary vein but it 
 
 is present witli, and auiiliarii to it," accordintr to 
 
 its use. Hale's O.igin of Manlund. 
 
 A W A 
 
 Nor from his patrimonial heav'ii alone 
 Is .love content to poll? his vengeance down ; 
 Aid from his brother of the seas he craves, 
 To help him with aujiliary waves. Dryden. 
 
 AuxiLl AR. * n. s. [from uuxilium, Lat.] 
 Auxiliary.) Helper; assistant; con- 
 federate. 
 
 In the strength of that power, he might, with- 
 out the auTiliimes of any further influence, have 
 determined his will to a full choice of God. &m!/i. 
 There are, indeed, a sort of underling auii/wnts 
 to the dilhculty of a work, called commeinators 
 and criticks. Pope. 
 
 Auxi LiARY Verb. A verb that helps to 
 
 conjugate other verbs. 
 
 In almost all languages, some of the commonest 
 nouns and verbs have many irregularities ; such 
 arc the common auxiliary verbs, to be and to have, 
 to do and to be dene, &ic, " ""*■ 
 
 Auxilia'tion. n. *. [from aitxiliatus, 
 Lat.] Help; aid; succour. Diet. 
 
 To Awa'it. v. a. [from a and watV.] See 
 Wait. 
 
 1. To expect; to wait for. 
 
 Even as the wretch condemn'd to lose lus life 
 Awaits the falling of the murd'ring kuife. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 Betwixt the rocky pillars Gabriel sat, 
 Chief of th' angelick guards, axoaiting lught 
 
 ° ^ Milton. 
 
 2. To attend ; to be in store for. 
 
 To shew thee what reward 
 Awaits the good ; the rest, what punishment. 
 
 * Mi(!o». 
 
 Unless his wrath be appeased, an eternity of 
 torments awaits the objects of his displeasure. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Awa'it. n. s. [from the verb.] Ambush. 
 See Wait. 
 
 And least mishap the most bliss alter may : 
 For thousand perils lie in close await 
 About us daily, to work our decay. Spenser. 
 
 To Awa'ke. v. a. [peccian, Sax.] To 
 awake has the preterite aivoke, or, as 
 we now more commonly speak, awaked.] 
 
 1. To rouse out of sleep. 
 
 Take heed, 
 Iluw you awake our sleeping sword of war. 
 
 ■^ Shakesp. 
 
 Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go that 1 
 
 may awake him out of sleep. Johh, xi.ll. 
 
 2. To raise from any state resembling 
 
 sleep. 
 
 Hark, hark, the horrid sound 
 Has rais'd up his head : 
 As awak'd from the dead. 
 And amaz'd, he stares round. Dryd. St. Cifcilia. 
 
 3. To put into new action. 
 
 The spark of noble courage now awake. 
 And strive your eicellent sc^f to excel. F. Queen. 
 
 The fair 
 Repairs her .smiles, awakens ev'ry grace, 
 And calls f rth all the wonders of her face. Pope. 
 
 To Awa'ke. v.n. To break from sleep ; 
 to cease to sleep. 
 
 Alack, I am afraid they have awak'd. 
 And 'tis not d.uie ! S/iatep. Macbeth. 
 
 1 awaked up last of all, as one that gathercth 
 after the grape-gatherers. Ecclus. xx.viii. 16. 
 
 Awa'ke. adj. (from the verb.] Not being 
 asleep ; not sleeping. 
 
 Imaiiinatiun is like to work better upon sleeping 
 men, tlian men awoke. Bacon. 
 
 Cues shall not l^eep him on the throne awake, 
 Nor break the gulden slumbers he would take. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Awa'ken. v. a. and v. n. The same 
 ■with Aicdke. 
 
 Awake Argantyr, Hervor the only daughter 
 Of thee and Suiifu doth awaken thee. Hickes. 
 
 A W A 
 
 To AWA RD. V. a. [derived by .Skinner' 
 somcw hat improbably, from peapb. Sax. 
 towards.] To adjudge; to give any 
 thing by a judicial sentence. 
 
 A pound of thai same merchant's flesh is thine ; 
 The court awards it, and the law doth give it. 
 
 Shuke.^. 
 
 It advances tliat grand business, and according 
 to which their eternity hereafter will \>e awarded. 
 Decay of Pietti. 
 
 A church which allows salvation to none with- 
 out it, nor awards damnation to aiiuost any within 
 it. Himth. 
 
 Satisfaction for every aifront cannot be awarded 
 by stated laws. Coiiur on Duelling. 
 
 To Aw a'rd. v.n. To judge; to deter- 
 mine. 
 
 Th' unwise award to lodge it in the tow'rs. 
 An oli'ring sacred. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Awa'rd. n. s. [from the verb.] Judg- 
 ment ; sentence ; determination. 
 
 Now hear th' awnrd, and happy may it prove 
 To her, and hiiu who best deserves her love. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Aff'ection bribes the judgment, and we cannot 
 
 expect an equitable award, w here the judge is 
 
 made a party. ClanvUUr. 
 
 To urge the foe. 
 Prompted by blind revenge and wild despair. 
 Were to refuse th' awards of Providence. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 Awa're. adv. [from a and ware, an old 
 word for cautious ; it is however, per- 
 haps, an adjective ; gepajiian. Sax.] Ex- 
 cited to caution ; vigilant ; in a state of 
 alarm ; attentive. 
 
 Ere I was aware, I had left myself iiolhiiig but 
 the name of a king. Sidney. 
 
 Ere sorrow was aware, they made his thoughts 
 
 bear away something else besides his ow n sorrt>w. 
 
 Sidney s Arcadia. 
 
 Temptations ofprosperity insinuate themselves ; 
 so that we are but little aware of them, and less 
 able to withstand them. Atterbur;:. 
 
 To Awa're. t'. n. To beware; lo be 
 cautious. 
 
 So warn'd he them aware themselves ; and 
 Instant, without disturb, they took alarm. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 This passage is by others understood 
 thus: He warned those, who were 
 aware, of themselves. 
 Awa'y. adv. [apeg, Saxon.] 
 1. In a state of absence ; not in any par- 
 ticular place. 
 
 They could make 
 
 Love to your dress, although your face were attnv. 
 
 Ben Jonson's C'atalitte. 
 
 It is impossible to know properties that aie so 
 
 annexed to it, that any of them being away, that 
 
 essence is not there. LcH:h€. 
 
 •2. From any place or person. 
 
 I have a pain upon my forehead here^— 
 — Why that's with watching ; 'twill away again. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When the fowls came down upon the carcases, 
 Abraham drove them away again. Gen. xv. 11. 
 
 Wimid you youth and beauty stay. 
 Love hath w iu'us, and "ill away. Walter. 
 
 Summer sun's roll unperceiv'd away. Pope. 
 
 3. Let us go. 
 
 .'liiiii;, old man ; give me thy liand ; au-ay ; 
 King Lear hath lost, he an i liis daughter tVeh ; 
 Give iiic thy Inuid. Come on. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 4. Begone. 
 
 Au'oii, and glister like the god of war. 
 When he hitendeth to become the ticld. 
 
 Shahe.<p. King John. 
 I'll to the woods among the happier brutes ; 
 Come, let's awaii; hark, the shrill horn resounds. 
 Smith's Fhedra and Hippotitus. 
 
 133
 
 A w r 
 
 Awaif, 3'ou flatt'rcr! 
 Nor charge his geii'rbus meaiuiis- 
 
 Roive's Jane Shore. 
 
 5. Out of one's o\vti hands; into the 
 power of something else. 
 
 It concerns every man, wl)o will not trifle aiioi^ 
 his soul, and fool himself into irrecoverable nu- 
 sery, to enquire into these matters. Tillotson. 
 
 6. It is often used with a verb ; as, to 
 drink awt/t/ an estate ; to id/e aicaij a 
 manor ; that is, to drink or idle till an 
 estate or manor is gone. 
 
 lie plaud his life aicciv. Pope. 
 
 7. On the way ; on the road : perhaps this 
 is the original import of the foUowing 
 phrase. 
 
 Sir ^'aIentine, whither aicat} so fast ? Shakesp. 
 
 8. Perhaps the phrase, he cannot away 
 u-ithj may mean, he cannot travel with ; 
 he cannot hear the company. 
 
 She never cduUI awa\j with me. Never, 
 
 never : she would always say, she could not abide 
 master Sballow. Shakesp. 
 
 9. Away with. Throw away ; take away. 
 
 If you dare tliink of deserving our charms. 
 Away with your slieepliooks, and take to your 
 arms. Dn^den. 
 
 AWE. w. 5. [eje, 05a, Saxon.] Reveren- 
 tial fear ; reverence. 
 
 They all be brtiui^ht up idly, without aue of 
 
 parents, without precepts of nms-ters, and without 
 
 . fear of otfence. Spenser's State of Irehnd. 
 
 This thought fixed upon him ^^ho is only to be 
 feared, God ; and yet \\itli a filial fear, wliich at 
 the same time both fears and loves. It was axee 
 "without amazenient> and. dread witliout distrac- 
 tion. South. 
 
 \\'hat is the proper awe and fear, ^-hicb is due 
 from man to God r Rogers. 
 
 To Awe. v. a. [from the noun.] To strike 
 with reverence, or fear ; to keep in sub- 
 jection. 
 
 If yon will work on any man, you must either 
 know his nature and fa'siiions, and so lead him ; 
 or liis ends, and so persuade him; or his weak- 
 nesses and disadvantasjes, and so aue him ; or 
 those that have interest in him, and so govern 
 him. Bacon. 
 
 Why then was this forblfl ? Why, but to aue ? 
 A\liy,"biit to keep you low and ignorant, 
 His worbhippers? Milton. 
 
 Ileav'n that hath plac'd this Islanri to give law, 
 To balance Europe, and her states tu awe. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 l*he rods and axes of princes, and their depu- 
 tifs, may aue many into obedience : but the fame 
 of their goodness, justice, and other virtues, will 
 work on more. Atterburu. 
 
 A'WEBAND. n.s. [from awe and band.] 
 A check. Diet, 
 
 A'wFt'L. adj. [from awe and/////.] 
 
 1. That which strikes with awe, or fills 
 with reverence. 
 
 Soani'td, that with honour thou may'st love 
 Thy niale ; who sees, when thou art seen least wise. 
 Milton's Pur. Lost. 
 I approach thee thus, and ^aze 
 Insatiate ; I thus single ; nor have Tear'd 
 Thy uiLJ'ul brow, more atifiil thus retir'd, 
 Fairest* resemblance of thy iMaker fair ! Milton. 
 
 2. Worshipful ; in authority ; invested 
 with dignity. This sens;' is obsolete. 
 
 Know, then, that some of us are gentlemen. 
 Such as the fury of unszovern'd youth 
 'niru>l l'r(nn the company oictufnl men. Shakesp. 
 *S. Struck will, awe; timorous ; scrupulous. 
 This sense ocJiirs but rarely. 
 
 It is nut nature and strict reason, but a weak 
 and avitd reverence for antiquity, and the voizue 
 of fallible nca. Watts. 
 
 A W K 
 
 Awfully, adv. [from awful.] In a re- 
 verential manner. ^ 
 
 _ It will concern a man, to treat this great prin 
 cjple anfully and warily, by still observing what 
 it commands, but especially what it forbids. 
 
 South 
 
 A'wfulness. n. s. [from atcfuL] 
 1. The quality of striking with awe ; so- 
 lemnity. 
 
 These objects naturally raise seriousness ; and 
 night heightens the auiulness of the place, and 
 pours out ner supernunierary horrours upon every 
 thing. Addison. 
 
 "2, The state of being struck with awe: 
 little used. 
 
 An help to prayer, producing in us reverence 
 and aufulness to tJie divine majesty of God. 
 
 Tavlors Rule of Ucing holu- 
 
 To Awha'pe. r. a. [This word 1 have 
 met with only in Spejiscry nor can I dis- 
 cover whence it is derived ; but ima- 
 gine, that the Teutonic language had 
 anciently wapen to strike, or some such 
 word, from which tvcapons, or offensive 
 arms, took tlieir denomination.] To 
 strike ; to confound ; to terrify. 
 
 Ah ! ray dear gossip, answer'd then the ape. 
 Deeply do your sad words my wits atchape, 
 Both for because your grief doth great appear. 
 And eke because myself am touche<l near. 
 
 Ilubbcrd's Talc. 
 
 Awhi'le. adv. [This word, generally re- 
 puted an adverb, is only a while, that 
 is, a time, an interval.] Some time; 
 some space of time. 
 
 Stay, stay, 1 say : 
 And if yon love me, as you say you do, 
 Let me persuade you to forbear awhile. Shakesp. 
 
 Into this wild abyss the wary fiend 
 Stood on the brink of hell, and look'd anhile, 
 Pond'ring his voyage. Mdtoti's Par. Lost. 
 
 AwK. adj. [A barbarous contraction of 
 the word awkward.] Odd ; out of order. 
 
 We have heard as arrant jangling in the puljjifs. 
 as the steeples ; and professors ringing as awh as 
 the bells to give notice of the conflagration. 
 
 U 1-lstrange. 
 A'WKWARD. adj. [lepapb. Saxon; that 
 is, backward, untoward.] 
 
 1. Inelegant; unpolite; untaught; un- 
 genteel. 
 
 Proud Italy, 
 '\^'hose manners still our tardv, apish nation 
 Limps after in base aukicard imitation. Shakesp. 
 
 Their own language is worthy their care ; and 
 they are judged of by their handsome or aickuard 
 way of expressing themselves in it. ■ Locke. 
 
 An awkward shame, or fear of ill usage, has a 
 share in this conduct. Swift. 
 
 2. Unready ; unhandy ; not dexterous ; 
 clumsy. 
 
 Slow to resolve, but in performance quick : 
 So true, that he was awkward at a trick. Drvden. 
 
 3. Perverse ; untoward. 
 
 A kind and constant friend 
 To all that reiiularly oflend ; 
 But was implacable, and awkward. 
 To all that inlerlop'd and hawker'd. Hudibras. 
 
 Awkwardly, adv. [from awkward.] 
 Clumsily ; unreadily ; inelegantly ; un- 
 gainly. 
 
 Dametas nodding from the waist upwards, and 
 swearing he never knew a man go more awkuardlu 
 to work. Sidneu. 
 
 AVhen any thmg is done au-kuardlp, tlie coiii- 
 nion sa\ ing will pass upon them, lliat it is suitable 
 to their breeding. Locke. 
 
 If any pretty creature is void of genius, and 
 would pertbrm her part but awkwardly, I must 
 nevertheless insist upon her worluug. Addison. 
 
 A W R 
 
 Siie still renews the ancient scene j 
 Forgets the forty years between ; 
 Awkwardly gay, and oddly merry ; 
 JJer scarf pale pink, her head-knot cherry. Prior, 
 
 If a man be taught to lujld his pen aukwardli/, 
 yet writes sufficiently well, it is not worth while 
 to teach him the accurate methods of handling 
 that instnunent. Uuns's Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 A'^VKW'ARDNESS. «.5. [fvom a'wk Ward ] 
 Inelegance ; want of gentility ; oddness ; 
 unsuitableness. 
 
 One mav obser\'e awku-ardne^ in the Italians, 
 which easily discovers their airs not to be natunil. 
 
 Addiion 
 All his airs of behaviour have acertain awkward- 
 ness m ihcm ; but llicse awkward airs are worn 
 away in company. Watts's Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 Awl. n.s. [sek, ale. Sax.] A pointed in- 
 strument to bore holes. 
 
 He which was minded to make himself a per- 
 petual servant, shuuld, for a visible token thereof, 
 have also his ear bored through with an awL 
 
 Hooker. 
 You may likewise prick many holes with an 
 awl, about a joint that will lie in the earth. 
 
 Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 A'wLESS. adj. [from awe, and the nega- 
 tive less.] 
 
 1. Wanting reverence; void of respectful 
 fear. 
 
 Against whose fury, and th' unmatched force, . 
 Tlie awless lion could not wage the fight. Shakesp. 
 
 He claims the bull with awless insolence. 
 And having seiz'd Ms horns, accosts the prince. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 2. Wanting the power of causin^r re- 
 verence. 
 
 Ah me ! I see the ruin of my house ; 
 The tyger now hath seiz'd the gentle hind • 
 Insulting tyranny begins to jut 
 Upon the innocent and awless throne. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 Aw^ME, or AuME. n.s. A Dutch measure 
 of capacity for liquids, containing eight 
 steckans, or twenty verges or verteels ; 
 answering to what in England is called 
 a tierce, or one-sixth of a ton of France, 
 or one-seventh of an English ton. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 AwN. 71. s. [arista, Lat.] The beard grow- 
 ing out of the corn or grass. Chambers. 
 Awning, n. s. A cover spread over a 
 boat or vessel, to keep oft' the weather. 
 Of these boards I made an awning over me. 
 
 Robinson Crusoe. 
 
 Awo'ke. The preterite from awake* 
 
 And she said, the Philistines be upon thee, 
 Sampson. And he awoke out of his sleep. 
 
 Judges, xvi. 20. 
 
 Awo'rk. adv. [from a and iVork] On 
 
 work ; into a state of labour ; into action. 
 
 So after Pyrrhus' pause, 
 Aroused vengeance sets him new auork. Shake.^. 
 By prescribing the condition, it sets us awork 
 to tlie performaiicesof it, and that by living well. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Awo'rking. adj. [from awork.] Into 
 the stvtte of working. 
 
 Long they thus travelled, yet never met 
 Adventure \shich might them aworking set. 
 
 Ihdiberd's Tale. 
 Awry' adv. [from a and ivry.] 
 I. Not in a strait direction ; obliquely. 
 But her sad eyes, still fast'ned cu the ground. 
 Are governed with goodly motlcsty ; 
 Tliat >nifers not one luol. to glance awry. 
 Which may let in a little tluniglil unsound, bpens. 
 
 Like perspectives, which rightly gaz'd upon. 
 Shew nothing but confusion ; ey«"d 'iitrv, 
 Distinguish form, Shakesp. RichqrdVl. 
 
 134
 
 A X I 
 
 A Tiolent cross wind, from either coast, 
 Blows thein transverse, ten tliuiisand leagues 
 
 awrit 
 Into the devious air. Milton. 
 
 2. Asquint ; with oblique vision. 
 
 \ ou know the king 
 With jealous eyes hu> look'd atcnt 
 On his son's actions. 'Venhtim's Sttpliv. 
 
 3. Not in the right or true direction. 
 1 hnp to step aw)y, where I see no path, and 
 
 can discern hut few steps afore me. Breretcoint. 
 
 4. Not equally between two points ; un- 
 evenly. 
 
 Not tyrants fierce that unrepenting die. 
 Not C^hlhia when her inauteau's pimi'd anrtj, 
 E'er felt sucli rai:e. Pope. 
 
 5. Not according to right reason; per- 
 versely. 
 
 All a»T|/ and which wried it to the most wry 
 coursc of all, wit abused, rather to feign reason 
 why it should be amiss, than how it should be 
 amended. Sidiiet/. 
 
 Miicli of the soul they talk, but all amy, 
 And in themselves seek virtue, and to themselves 
 All glory arrogate, to God give none. Milton. 
 
 Axe. n. s. [eax, acy-e. Sax. ascia, Lat] 
 An instrument consistins of a metal 
 head, with a sharp edge, fixed in a helve 
 or handle, to cut with. 
 
 No metal can. 
 No, not the hangman's <ne, bear half the keen- 
 ness 
 Of thj sharp envy. Shal<e!^ieare. 
 
 There stood a forest on the mountain's brow. 
 Which overlook 'd tlie shaded plains below ; 
 No sounding aie presum'd these trees to bite, 
 Coeval with the world ; a venerable sight. Dri/d. 
 
 AXILLA, n. s. [axilla, Lat.] The cavity 
 
 under the upper pai-t of the arm, called 
 
 the arm-pit. Quinci/. 
 
 Axi'llar. ladj. [from axilla, Lat.] 
 
 Axillary. 3 Belonging to the arnn-pit. 
 
 Aiillaiy artery is distributed unto tlie hand; 
 below the cubit,'it divideth into two parts. Broun. 
 
 Axiom, n.s. [axioma, Lat. aliw^a, from 
 allow, Gr.] 
 
 J. A proposition evident at first sight, 
 that cannot be made plainer by de- 
 monstration. 
 
 Anom.'i, or principles more general, are such as 
 this, that tlie greater good is'to be chosen before 
 the lesser. Hooker. 
 
 2. .An established principle to be granted 
 without new proof. 
 
 AYE 
 
 The axioms of that law, whereby natural agents 
 are guided, have their use in the moral. Hooker. 
 llieir at)irmations a-e no aziimis; wc esteem 
 thereof as tilings unsaid, and account them but 
 in list of nothing. Brown. 
 
 A'xis. n.*. [axis, 'Lai.} The line real or 
 imaginary that passes through any 
 thing, on which it may revolve. 
 But since they say our earth, from morn to 
 mum. 
 On its own axis is oblig'd to turn ; 
 That swift rotation must disperse in air 
 All things which on the rapid orb appear. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 It might annually have compassed the sun, and 
 
 yet never have once turned upon its aiis. Bentley. 
 
 On their own axis as the plajiets run. 
 And make at once llieir circle round the sun; 
 So two consistent motions act the soul, 
 And one regards itself, and one the whole. Pope. 
 Axle. ) /j. .s. [<7.r/s, Lat.] The pin 
 
 A'xle-tree. f which passes through the 
 midst of the wheel, on which the cir- 
 cumvolutions of the wheel 
 formed. 
 
 Venerable Nestor 
 Should with a bond of air, strong as the a.xk-trce 
 On wjiich heav'n rides, knit all the Grecians ears 
 To liis expcrienc'd tongue. Shakespeare. 
 
 The fly sat upon the axle-tree of the chariot- 
 wheel, and said, What a dust do I raise ! Bacon. 
 
 And the gilded car of day 
 His glowing axle doth allay 
 In the steep Atlaiitick stream. Milton. 
 
 He saw a greater sun appear, 
 Tlian his bright throne or burning axle-tree could 
 hear. MUioh's Christ's Natiiity 
 
 Ay. adv. [perhaps from aio, Lat.] 
 1. Yes; an adverb of answering affirma- 
 tively. 
 
 Return you thither ? 
 — Ay, madam, with the swiftest wing of speed. 
 _,,, , Shakespeare. 
 
 \\ hat say st thou ? Wilt thou be of our consort ? 
 Say ay, and be the captain of us all. Shakespeare. 
 •2. It is a word by which the sense is en- 
 forced ; even ; yes, certainly ; and more 
 than that. 
 
 Shaltesptare. 
 sur»-ives for 
 
 per- 
 
 Rememher it ; and let it make thee crest-fall'n ; 
 Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride. Shakespeare. 
 Aye. adv. [-.ipa, Saxon.] Always ; to eter- 
 nity ; for ever. It is now rai-ely used, 
 and only in poetry. 
 
 And now in darksome dungeon, wretched thrall 
 Remedyless for ot/e he doth him hold. Fairy Queen. 
 
 A Z U 
 
 Either prepare to die, 
 Or on Diana's altar to protest. 
 For aye, austerity and single life. 
 The soul, though made in time 
 aye ; 
 And, though it hath beginning, sees no end. 
 , , ,^ , Sir J. David. 
 
 And hears the muses, m a ring, 
 vlire round about Jove's altars sing. Milton. 
 
 I'll' astoiiish'd mariners oi;e ply the pump; 
 No stay, nor rest, till the wide b'reach is clos'd. 
 
 Philija. 
 
 Aygreen. n.s. The same with house- 
 Itek ; wiiich see. Diet. 
 
 .4'yry. n.s. The nest of the hawk. 
 
 1 should discourse on llie braiicher, the hag- 
 gard, and then treat of their several ayries. 
 
 Walton's .4ngUr. 
 
 Azimuth, n.s. [Arab.] 
 
 1 . The azimuth of the sun, or of a star, is 
 an arch between the merithan of the 
 place, and any given vertical line. 
 
 2. Magnetical Azimuth, is an arch of the 
 horizon contained between the sun's 
 azimuth circle and the magnetical meri- 
 dian ; or it is the apparent distance of 
 the sun from the north or south point 
 of the compass. 
 
 3. Azimuth Compass, is an instrument 
 used at sea for fiuding the sun's magne- 
 tick azimuth. 
 
 4. Azimuth Dial, is a dial whose stile or 
 gnomon is at right angles to the plane 
 of the horizon. 
 
 5. Azimuths, called also vertical circles, 
 are great circles intersecting each other 
 in the zenith and nadir, and cutting tlie 
 horizon at right angles, in all the points 
 thereof. Chambers. 
 
 A'ZURE. adj. [azur, Fr. azuno. Span. 
 lazur, Arab, from lazuli a blue stone."" 
 Blue ; faint blue. 
 
 Like pomels round of marble clear, 
 W here a^iir'd veins well mixt appear. Sidney 
 
 The blue of the first order, though rery faint 
 and little, may he the colour of some substance ; 
 and the azure colour of the skies seems to he this 
 °"^<''- ^ Newton. 
 
 Thus replies 
 Muierva, graceful with her uiure eyes. Pope. 
 
 The sea. 
 Far throueh his asiire turbulent domaiD, 
 ■i our empire owns. Thonuon.
 
 B. 
 
 B A li 
 
 T? TilE secoiul letter of tlie English al- 
 •*-''• phabet, is pronounced as in most 
 .otiier European languages, by pressing 
 the whole length of the lijjs together, 
 and forcing them open with a strong 
 breath. It lias a near affinity, with the 
 other labial letters ; and is confounded 
 by the Germans with P, and by the 
 Gascons with V; from which an epi- 
 grammatist remarks, that bibere and 
 vivere are in Gascony the same. The 
 Spaniards, in most words, use S or V 
 indifferently. 
 
 Baa. n.s. [See the verb.] The cry of a 
 sheep. 
 
 — Therefore tliou art a sheep. — ^^— 
 Such another proof would make rae cry baa. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 To Baa. v. n. [bah, Lat.] To cry, like a 
 sheep. I 
 
 Or like a lamb, whose dam away is set. 
 He treble baas for help, but none can get. Sidney. 
 
 To Ba'bble. v. n. [babbelen. Germ, ba- 
 biller, Fr.] 
 
 1. To prattle, like a child ; to prate im- 
 perfectly. 
 
 ftlv babbling praises I repeat no more ; 
 But near, rejoice, stand silent, and adore. Prior. 
 
 2. To talk idly, or irrationally. 
 
 John had conned over a catalogue of hard 
 words ; these, he used to babble indilferently, in 
 all companies. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Let the silent sanctuary show. 
 What from the babbling schools we may not know. 
 
 Prior, 
 y. To talk thoughtlessly; to tell secrets. 
 I'here is more danger, in a reserved and silent 
 friend, than in a noisy babbling enemy. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 4. To talk much. 
 
 The hLthbliiig echo mocks the hounds. 
 Replying shrilly to tlie well-tun'd horns ; 
 As, if a double Imnt were heard at once. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 And had I pow'r, to give that knowledge oirth. 
 
 In all the speeches of the babbling earth. Prior. 
 
 The babbling echo had descry a his face ; 
 She, who in other's words her silence breaks. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Ba'bble. n.s. [babil, Fr.] Idle talk; 
 senseless prattle. 
 
 This babble shall not henceforth trouble me : 
 
 Here is a coil w iih protestation. Shakesp. 
 
 Come, no more ! 
 
 This is meer moral babble. Milton. 
 
 With volleys of eternal babble. 
 
 And clamour more unausuerable. Hudibras. 
 
 The babble, iuiperlitience, and folly, I have 
 
 taken notice of in disputes. " Glaniille. 
 
 Ba'bblement. n. s. [from babbit-.] Sense- 
 less prate ; empty words. 
 
 Deluded all this while, with ragged notions 
 and I'dhblements; while ihey expected worthy and 
 delightful knowledge. Milton. 
 
 Ba'bbler. ti. s. [from babble.] 
 1. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler. 
 We hold our time too precious, to be spent 
 With such a babbler, Shakespeare. 
 
 BAG 
 
 The apostle had no soonei proposed it, to the 
 masters at Atheus ; but he himself was ridiculed, 
 as a babbler. lioi'ers. 
 
 2. A teller of secrets. 
 
 Utterers of secrets he from thence debarr'd ; 
 £a6Wers of folly , and blazers of crime. 
 
 Fairi) Queen 
 hreat babblers, or talkers, are not lit for trust. 
 
 L'Estrajige. 
 Babe. n. s. [baban, Welsh : habbaerd, 
 Dutch; bambino, Italian.] An infant; a 
 child of either se.x. 
 
 Those, that do teach your babes. 
 Doit with gentle means, and easy tasks ; • 
 He might have chid me so ; for, in good faith, 
 I am a child to chiding. Shakespeare. 
 
 Nor shall Sebastian s formidable name 
 Be longer us'd, to lull the crying bahe. Dryden. 
 
 The babe had all, that infant care beguiles ; 
 And early knew his mother, in her smUes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ba'bery. n.s. [from babe.] Finery, to 
 please a babe or child. 
 
 So have I seen trim books in velvet dight. 
 With golden leaves and painted haberij 
 Of seely boys, please unacquainted sight. Sidney. 
 Ba'bish. adj. [from babe.] Childish. 
 
 If he be bashful, and will soon blush ; they call 
 him a babish and ill brought up thing. As'cliam. 
 
 Babo'on. n. s. [babouin, Fr. It is sup- 
 posed by Skinner, to be the augmenta- 
 tion of babe, and to import a great babe.] 
 A monkey of the largest kind. 
 You had looked through the grate, like a ge- 
 iny of baboons. Shakespeare. 
 
 BAG 
 
 He cast every human feature out of his coun- 
 tenance, and bccaiue a baboon. Addison. 
 
 Ba'by. n.s. [See Babe.] 
 
 1. A child; an infant. 
 The babii beats the nurse, and quite athwart 
 
 Goes all decorum. Shakespeare. 
 
 The child must have sugar-plums, rather than 
 make the poor baby cry. Locke. 
 
 He must marry, and propagate: the father 
 cannot stay, for tlie portion ; nor the mother, for 
 babes to play with. Locke. 
 
 2. A small image, in imitation of a child, 
 which girls play with. 
 
 The archduke saw, that Perkin would prove a 
 runnagate ; and it was the part of children, to fall 
 out about 6a6?>s. Bacon. 
 
 Since no image can represent the great Creator ; 
 never ihink to honour him, by your foolish pup- 
 pets, and babies of dirl and clay. Stilting fleet. 
 Ba'ccATED. adj. [baccatiis, Lat.] Beset 
 with pearls ; having many berries. Diet. 
 Bacchanalian, n.s. (from bacchana- 
 lia, Lat.] A riotous person; adiunkard. 
 Ba'cchanals. n.s. [bncchanaliu, l.at.] 
 The drimken feasts and revels of Bac- 
 chus, tlie god of wine. 
 
 Ha, my brave emperor! shall we dance now 
 the Egyptian bacchanals, and celebrate our drink r 
 
 Shake.^peare. 
 What wild fury was there, in the heathen bac- 
 chanids, which we have not seen etiualled ? 
 
 Decay of Piettf. 
 
 Both extremes were banish'd, fronj their walls'; 
 
 Carthusian fasts, and fulsome l)acchanal.i. Pope. 
 
 Ba'cchu.S B'i'LE. «.,v. a flower, not tall, 
 
 but very full and broad-leaved 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Bacci'ferous. adj. [from barea a berry, 
 and fero to bear, LhI.] Berry -bearino-. ' 
 
 Bacciferons trees are of four kinds. " 
 
 1. Such, as bear a caliculale or naked berry 
 the flower and calix, bolh falling olf together aiid 
 leaving the berry bare ; as the sassafras" trees.' 
 
 2. Such, as have a naked monosperuious fruit ■ 
 that IS, containing in it only one seed: as the 
 arbutes. 
 
 _ 3. Such, as have but polyspermous fruit ; that 
 IS, containing two or more kernels or seeds within 
 It; as the jesminum, ligustrum. 
 
 4. Such, as have their fruit composed of many 
 acini, or round soft balls, set close together like a 
 bunch of grapes ; as the uva marina. Pay. 
 
 Bacci'vorous. adj. [from bacca ahert^-, 
 and voro to devour, Lat.] Devouring 
 berries. Did. 
 
 Ba'chelor. n. s. [This is a word of very 
 uncertain etymology ; it not being well 
 known, what was its original sense. 
 Junius derives it from i?a«>]X©- foolish ; 
 Menage, from bas chevalier a knight of 
 the lowest rank ; Spelman, from bacillus 
 a staff; Ctijas, from huccella an allow- 
 ance of provision. The most probable 
 derivation seems to be, from baccn lau- 
 rib, the berry of a laurel or bay ; bache- 
 lors being young, are of good hopes, 
 like laurels in the berry. Dr. Law- 
 rence observed, that JMenuge'i etymo- 
 logy is much confirmed by the practice 
 in our universities of calling a BacheLr, 
 Sir. In Latin, baccalaureus.] 
 . A man unmarried. 
 
 Such separation 
 Becomes a virtuous hachelor and a maid. Shake.vp. 
 The haunting of dissolute places, or resort to 
 courtesans, are no more pimished in married men, 
 than in bacheloi-s. B/niui' 
 
 A true painter naturally delights in the liberty] 
 which belongs to the haclielor's estate. Drude'n. 
 
 Let sinful bachelors their woes deplore ; 
 Full well they merit all they feel, and more. 
 
 Pcpt. 
 
 2. A man, who takes his first degrees at 
 the university, in any profession. 
 
 Being a boy, new bachelor of arts, I chanced to 
 speak against the pope. Aschuni. 
 
 I appear before your honour, in behalf of Mar- 
 tinus Scriblerus, fcac/ieior of physic. 
 
 Mart. Scriblerus. 
 
 3. A knight of the lowest order. This is 
 a sense now little used. 
 
 Ba'chelor.ship. n.s. [from bachelor.] 
 The condition of a bachelor. 
 
 Her mother, living yet, can testify. 
 She was the first fruit'of my bachelorship. ShakesjK 
 BACK. n.s. [bac, ba?c. Sax. bach, Germ.] 
 
 1. The hinder part of the body, from the 
 neck to the thighs. 
 
 Part following enter ; part remain without, 
 And mount on others backs, in hopes to share. 
 
 Dritden. 
 
 2. The outer part of the hand when it is 
 shut: opposed to the palm. 
 
 Methought love pitying me, when lie saw thi.s. 
 Gave me your hands, the backs and palms to kiss. 
 
 Donne.
 
 13 A C 
 
 3. Tho outward part of the body ; tliat 
 which requires clothes; opposed to the 
 
 helhj. 
 
 Th.pse "ho, by llieir ancestors, havt been set 
 free from a constant drmlgory tu llieir bads and 
 their bellies, should bestow sonic time on their 
 heads. '' ■^"''"^■ 
 
 4. The rear: opposed to the ran. 
 
 He Miiiilit ci'iuliide, tliat Walter would he upon 
 the kind's back, as his majesty was u)ion his, 
 
 C litre ndon. 
 
 5. The place behind. 
 
 1 "'As Ihevcice soelh round, as well towards the 
 ba<:k as towards the front of him that s|ic«kcth, so 
 does the echo : f<!r you have many back ecbres to 
 the place where you stand. Bacm. 
 
 Antheus, gcruestus grave, CIcanthus strong. 
 And at their backs a mighty Trojan llirong, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 6. The part of any thing out of sight. 
 
 ■ Trees set upon the backs of chimnies do ripen 
 fruit sooner. Bacon s Naiaral HUtnri/. 
 
 7. The thick part of any tool opposed to 
 the edge; as tlie bark of a knife or 
 sword: whence backsword, or sword 
 with a back ; as. 
 
 Bull dreaded not old Lewis either at bucksnord, 
 single faulchioti, or cudgel-play. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 8. To turn the back on one ; to forsake 
 him, or neglect him. 
 
 At the hour of death, all friendshipsof the world 
 bid him adieu, and the whole creation turns its 
 back upon him. South. 
 
 9. ToHirnihe back ; to go away: to be not 
 within the reach of taking cognizance. 
 
 His hack was no sooner turned, but tliey re- 
 turned to tlieir former rebellion. Sir J. Davies. 
 
 Back, ailc [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To the place from which one came. 
 
 Back you shall not to the house, unless 
 You undertake that with nie. Shakespeare. 
 
 He sent many to seek the ship -Irgo, threaten- 
 ing that if tiie'y brought not hack iVledea, they 
 should sulier in her stead. 
 
 lialeigh's HistoruofthelVorld. 
 
 Where they are, and why they came not 6acA-, 
 Is now the labour of my thoughts. Milton. 
 
 Back to thy native island might'st thou sail 
 And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope. 
 
 2. Backward; as retreating from the pre- 
 sent station. 
 
 I've been surpris'd in an unguarded hour, 
 But niu>t not now go hack; the love, that lay 
 Half sniother'd in my breast, has broke through all 
 Its weak restraints. Addison. 
 
 3. Behind ; not coming forward. 
 
 I thought to promote thee unto great honour; 
 
 but lo the Lord hath kept thee back from honour. 
 
 Kumb. xxiv. 11, 
 
 Constrain the glebe, keepfcac/t the hurtful weed. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 4. Towards things past. 
 
 I had always a curiosity to look back unto the 
 sources of things, and to view in my mind the be- 
 ginning and progress of a rising world. Burnet. 
 
 5. A^ain ; in return. 
 
 The lady's mad ; yet if 'twere so. 
 She could not sway" her house, command her fol- 
 lowers, 
 Take and give hack atTairs, and their dispatch. 
 With such a smooth, Ui»cret, and stable hearing, 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 6. Again ; a second time. 
 
 This Caesar found, and that ungrateful age. 
 
 With losing him, went back to blood and raae. 
 
 -., )I'a//c.-, 
 
 The epistles being written from ladies forsaken 
 
 by their lovers, many thoughts came back upon us 
 
 ill divers letters. Drydcu. 
 
 To Back, v a. [from the noun back.] 
 1. To mount on the back of a horse. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B A C 
 
 Tlint man shall be my thnme, 
 Weil. I will Inich liiiii strnit. O Esperance ! 
 Bill IJvitlor lomi liitu I'orlii into tlie \>ATk. Shahesp. 
 
 2. To break a horse; to train him to bear 
 upon his back. 
 
 Direct us how to hack tlic winged Iiorse ; 
 Favuur liis flight, and moderate His course. 
 
 Roscommmt. 
 
 3. To place upon the back. 
 
 As I slept, nu-tliought 
 Great Jupiter, upon his eai^le back'd, 
 Appcur'Jto me. Sfiahespeare. 
 
 4. 'Jo maintain; to strengthen; to sup- 
 port; to defend. 
 
 BcHke he means, 
 Bach'd by tlic pow'r of Warwick, that false peer, 
 T' ubpire unto the crown. Shakespeare. 
 
 \i>n arc strait enough ia the shoulders, you care 
 not w'hii sees jourbiick ; call yon that liacking of 
 your friends f a phigue upon such idcfenif;/ gi\e 
 nic them that will face me. Sfnihe^peare. 
 
 These \\ere seconded by certain dtniilaimifs, 
 ai;d bnth />£ifATd«ith meiia't arms. SirJ. Huyuurd. 
 
 Did they not swear, in express words, 
 To pi'(--p and back ihe house oi" lords? 
 And after tum'd out thewhnle hou>-eful. Hndihras. 
 
 A great malice, backed with a great interest, can 
 have no aJvautaiie of a man, buc from his expec- 
 tations of soiiiethhii; without himself South. 
 
 H(»w shall we treat this bold aspiring man ? 
 Succe.sb still fullows him, and backs his crimes. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 5. To justify ; to support. 
 
 The patrons of the ternary number cT princi- 
 ples, and those thai would have five elements, en- 
 deavour to back their experiments with a specious 
 reason. Botjte. 
 
 We have I know not how many adages tfj liuck 
 the reason uf this moral. VEstrange. 
 
 G. To second. 
 
 Factious, and fav'ring this or t'other side, 
 Their wagers back their wislies. Drydtn. 
 
 To Ba'ckbite. v. a, [from back and bite.] 
 To censure or reproach the absent. 
 
 Most untruly and maliciously do tiiese evil 
 tongues backbite and slander the sacred ashes of 
 that personage. Spenser. 
 
 I will use him well ; a friend i' th' court is better 
 tlian a penny in purse. Use liis men well, Davy, 
 for they are arrant knaves, and will backbite. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Ba'ckbiter. n. s* [from backbite.] A 
 privy calumniator ; a censurer of the ab- 
 sent. 
 
 Nobody is bound to look upon his backhitery or 
 his underminer, his betrayer, or his oppressor, as 
 tiis friend. South. 
 
 Backbone. 7i s. [fvom back and bone.] 
 The bone of the back. 
 
 The backbone should be divided into many ver- 
 tebres for commodious bending, and not to be one 
 entire rigid bone. Ray. 
 
 Ba'cmcarry. Having on the back. 
 
 !\ranw(tod, in his forest laws, noteth it for one 
 of the f lur circumstances, or cases, wherein a 
 forester may arrest an otiender against vert or ve- 
 nison in tlie forest, viz. stable-stand, dog-draw, 
 biickcarry, and bloody hand. Couelt. 
 
 Ba'ckdoor. 71. s. [from back and door.] 
 The door behind the house ; privy pas 
 saire. 
 
 l"he procession durst not return by the way it 
 came ; but, after the devotionof the monks, passed 
 out at a backdoor of the convent. Addi.-iim. 
 
 Popery, which is so far shut out as not lo re- 
 enter openly, is stealing ia by the backdoor of 
 atheism. ' Attcrbury. 
 
 Ba'cked. adj. [from back.l Havinga back 
 
 Loftv-neck'd, 
 Sharp-headed, barrel-bellied, broadly back'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Backfriend, n. s. [from back and 
 friend.] A friend backwards; that is, 
 an enemy in secret. 
 
 BAG 
 
 Set th restless Importunities of taleriearcrs and 
 backfrietuli against fair words and professions. 
 
 VYstranee, 
 
 Far is our church from encroaching upon ine 
 civil power ; as some, who are backfriends to both, 
 would maliciously insinuate. Snntk. 
 
 Backga'mmon. n.s. [from bach ga7n- 
 mon, Welsli, a little battle.] A play or 
 game at tables, with box and dice. 
 
 In what esteem are you with the vicar of the 
 parish? can vou play with him at backgammon'^ 
 
 Salft. 
 Ba'ckhouse. n..s. [from back and /louse.'] 
 The buildings behind the chief part of 
 the house. 
 
 Th.eir backhouses, of more necessary than cleanly 
 service, as kitchens, stables, are climbed up unto 
 by steps. Careu. 
 
 Ba'ckpiece. n. s. [from back and piece.'] 
 The piece of armour which covers the 
 back. 
 
 The morning that he was to join batti'*, his ar- 
 mourer put on nis lackpiece before, and bis breast- 
 plate beiiind. Camden. 
 
 Ba'ckkoom. n s. [from back and room.] 
 A room behind ; not in the front. 
 
 Jf you have a fair [irospect backwards of gar- 
 dens, it may be convenient to make hackn'oms the 
 hjfger. Moi. Mech.tiercises. 
 
 Backside, n.s. [from back and side.] 
 
 1. The hinder part of any thing. 
 
 If the quicksilver were rubbed from the backside 
 of the specuhuu, the glass would cause the same 
 rings of colours, but nn-re faint ; the phajnomena 
 depend not upon the quicksilver, unless so far as 
 it encrcases the reflection of she backside of the 
 glass. Keu-ton. 
 
 2. The hind part of an animal. 
 
 A poor ant carries a grain of corn, climbing up 
 a wall ^vith her head downwards and Imr backside 
 upwrtrds. Addison. 
 
 3. I'he yard or ground behind a house. 
 
 The wash of pastures, lields, commons, roads, 
 streets, or backsides, are of great advantaiie tu ail 
 sorts of land. Mortimer. 
 
 To Backsli'de. j'. n. [from back and 
 slide.] To fall off; to apostatize: a word 
 only used by divines. 
 
 Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel 
 hath done r She is gone up upon every high moun- 
 tain, and under every green tree. Jeremiah. 
 
 Backslider, n.s. [from backslide.] -An 
 apostate. 
 The backslider in heart sliall be filled. Proierbs, 
 
 Ba'ckstaff. n.«. [from back and staff; 
 because in taking an observation, the ob- 
 server's back is turned toward the sun.] 
 An instrument useful in taking the sun's 
 altitude at sea; invented by Captain 
 Davies. 
 
 Backstairs, n.s. [from bock and stairs.] 
 The private stairs in the house. 
 
 I condemn the practice wliich hath lately crept 
 into the court at Uie backstairs, that some pricked 
 for sherift's get out of the bill. Bacon. 
 
 Ba'ckstays. n.s [from J«cA- and 4^0^.] 
 Ropes or stays which keep the masts of 
 a ship from pitching t'orward or over- 
 board. 
 Backsword, h. s. [from back and 
 siriird.] .A sword with one sharp edge. 
 Bull dreaded not old Lew is at backsiiiird. 
 
 Arbuthnot 
 B.-v'CKWAnD. \Bdv. [from back, am 
 Backwards.) peajto. Sax. that is, to 
 wards the back; contrai-y to forward. 
 T 137
 
 BAG 
 
 1. \Vith tlie back forwards. 
 
 TliL-y \\^:nib^lcku■ard,■dui\ their faces were hark- 
 wunl. Genesis. 
 
 2. Towards the back. 
 
 In leaniiic with weights, the arms are first cast 
 backwards, ar.d then furwards, witli so much the 
 greater force ; for the hands gu buchward hefore 
 they take the rise. Bacon. 
 
 3. On the back. 
 
 Then darling fire from her malignant eyes, 
 She cast h'nn backivard as he strove to rise. Drt,'d. 
 
 4. From the present station to the place 
 beyond the back. 
 
 We might have met them darcful,beard to beard, 
 Aiid beat them backward home. Shakesj). 
 
 The monstrons siglit 
 Struck them withhorrour backward; but far worse 
 Urg'd them behind. Milttni. 
 
 5. Regressively. 
 
 Arc not the rays of light, in passing by the edges 
 and sides of bodies, bent several times backwards 
 and forwards with a motion like that of an eel ? 
 
 Newton. 
 
 6. Towards something past. 
 
 To prove the possibility of a thing, there is no 
 argument to that which \ouks back wards; for what 
 has been done or suffered may certainly be done 
 or suffered again. South. 
 
 7. Reflexively. 
 
 No, doubtless ; for the mind can backward cast 
 Upon herself, her understaudmg light. 
 
 Sir J. Davit's. 
 
 H. From a better to a worse state. 
 
 The work went backward; and tlie more he 
 strove 
 T' advance the suit, the farther from her love. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 0. Past; in time past. 
 
 They have spread one of the worst languages in 
 the world, if we look upon it some reigns back- 
 ward. Locke. 
 10. Perverse]y; from the wrong end. 
 
 I never yet saw man, 
 But she would spell iiim backward ; if fair-fac'd. 
 She'd swear the gentleman should be her sister ; 
 If black, why, nature, drawing of an antick. 
 Made a foul blot ; if tall, a lauace ill-headed. 
 
 Shakespeare, 
 
 Ba'ckward. adj\ 
 
 1. Unwilling; averse. 
 
 Our mutability makes the friends of our nation 
 backward to encase with us in alliances Addison. 
 
 We are strangely backward to lay hold of this 
 safe, this only luelliod of cure. Atterbury. 
 
 Cities laid waste, they storm'd the dens and 
 caves ; 
 For wiser brutes are backward to be slaves. Pope. 
 
 2. Hesitating. 
 
 All things are ready, if our minds be so ; 
 Perish the man, whuse mind is backward now ! 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 3. Shiggish ; dilatory. 
 
 The mind is backward to undergo the fatin;ue of 
 weighing every argument. M atls. 
 
 4. Dull; not quick or apprehensive. 
 
 It often fails out, that the backw.ird learner 
 makes amends another way. Soidh. 
 
 5. Late; coming after something else: as, 
 backward fruits; backward children: 
 fruits long in ripening; chikh-en slow 
 of growth. 
 
 BaVkward. n.s. The things or state be- 
 hind or past : poetical. 
 
 What seest thou else 
 In the dark &ncfcu!ar(/ or abysm of time? Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'ckVv'Ardly. adv. [from backward.] 
 
 1. Unwillingly; aversely; with the back 
 forward. 
 
 Like Numid lions by the hunters chas'd, 
 Thougli they do fly, yet backwardly do eo 
 With proucf aspect, disdaining greater haste. 
 
 Sidney, 
 
 2. Perversely ; or witli cold hope. 
 
 BAD 
 
 I was the first mail 
 That e'er received gift froni liiin ; 
 And does lie tliink so Inicku-iwdty of me, 
 Tliat I'll requite it hist? Slwkesjiearc. 
 
 Ba'ckwardness. n. s. [from backward.] 
 
 1. Dullness; unwillingness; sluggishness. 
 
 The thing hy ^vhieh we are apt to excuse our 
 hctcku'ardnc^s tu good works, is the ill success tliat 
 hath been observed to atteud well-designing cha- 
 rities. Atterhuri/. 
 
 2. Slowness of progression; tardiness. 
 Ba'con. w. s. [probably from baleen, that 
 
 is, dried flesh.] 
 
 1. The flesh of a hog salted and dried. 
 
 High o'er llie hearth a chine o^hacnn hung. 
 Good old Piiilemon seiz'd it with a prong, 
 Tiien cut a slice. Drijden. 
 
 2. To save the bacon, is a plirase for pre- 
 serving one's self from being hurt; bor- 
 rowed from the care of housewives in 
 the country, where they have seldom any 
 other provision in the house than dried 
 bacon, to secure it from the marching 
 soldiers. 
 
 What frightens you thus, ray good son .'' says 
 
 the priest ; 
 You uiurder'd, arc sorry, and have been confest. 
 O father! my sorrow will scarce save ray bacon: 
 For 'twas not that I murder'd, but that I was 
 
 taken. Prior. 
 
 Baciilo'metry. n. s [from bacillus, Lat. 
 and jixiT^o*.] The art of measuring dis 
 tances by one or more staves. Diet. 
 
 BAD. adj. [gtiaad, Dutch ; corapar. woise ; 
 superl. ivursl.] 
 
 1. Ill; not good: a general word used in 
 regard to physical or moral faults, either 
 of men or things. 
 
 ]\Iost men have politicks enough to raake, 
 through viuleuce, the best scheme of government 
 a bad one. Pope. 
 
 2. Vitious; corrupt. 
 
 Thou may's! repent. 
 And one bad act, with many deeds well done, 
 IMay'st cover. Milton. 
 
 Thus will" the letter, as the former, world 
 Still tend from l^ad to worse. MiUon. 
 
 0\u* unhappy fates 
 I\Iix thee amongst the Iiad, or make thee run 
 Too near the paths which virtue bids thee shnn. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. Unfortunate ; unhappy. 
 
 The sun his annual course obliquely made. 
 Good days contracted, and enlarg'd th'e .'wrf. Vryd. 
 
 4. Hurtful; unwholesome; mischievous; 
 pernicious : with for. 
 
 Reading was had for his eyes, writing made his 
 head ake. Addi&on. 
 
 b. Sick : with of; as, had of a fever 
 Bad. 
 Ba 
 
 And fur an earnest of greater honour. 
 He bade me, from him, call tlice Thane of Cawdcr. 
 
 Shal\espeare. 
 
 Badge, n.s. [A word of uncertain ety- 
 mology; derived by .Junius from ftorfc 
 or bade a messenger, and supposed to be 
 corrupted from badage, the ciedential 
 of a messenger; but taken by Skinner 
 and Minsheiv from i«nn-/i(',Dut. a jewel, 
 or bague, Fr. a ring, it seems to come 
 from bujulo, to carry, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A mark or cognizance worn to shew the 
 relation of the wearer to any person or 
 thing. 
 
 But on his breast a bloody cross he bore. 
 The dear resemblance of his dying lord ; 
 Por whose sweet sake that glorious badge he wore. 
 
 }i(>eaier. 
 
 ■ > The preterite of hid. 
 IDE. J ' 
 
 B A F 
 
 I'he outward splendour of his office, is ihehadge 
 and tlie token of that sacred character which he 
 inwardly bears. Attcrbury. 
 
 2. A token by which one is known, 
 
 A savage tvgress on her helmet lies ; 
 The fauu'us badge Clarinda us'd to hear. Faiiiax, 
 
 3. The mark or token ol'any thing. 
 
 There ajjpears much joy m him ; even so much, 
 that joy could not shew itself modest enough, 
 without a badge of bitterness. Shahisp. 
 
 Sweet raert-y is nobility's true badge. Slmkesp. 
 
 l,ct him not bear ihebiidges, of a wreck. 
 Nor beg with a blue table on his back. Dryden. 
 
 To Badge, v. a [from the noun.] To 
 mark as with a badge. 
 
 \'our royal father's murder'd 
 
 Oh, by whom ? 
 
 ■J'hose of his "chamber, as it seem'd had done 't : 
 Their hands and faces were all badg'd with blood. 
 So were their daggers. Shakespeare. 
 
 Ba'dger. 71. s. [bedour, Fr. melis, Lat.] 
 An animal that earths in the ground, 
 used to be hunted. 
 
 That a brock, or badger, bath lees ot one side 
 shorter than the other, is received not only by 
 theorists and unexperienced believers, but most 
 who behold them daily. Brown. 
 
 Ba'dger. n. s. [perhaps from the Latin 
 bajulus a. carrier; but by J^J«^MS derived 
 from the badger, a creature who stows 
 up his provision.] One that buys com 
 ajid victuals in one place, and carries it 
 unto another. Cowell. 
 
 Ba'dger- LEGGED, [from badger and leg- 
 ged.] Having legs of an unequal length, 
 as the badger is supposed to have. 
 
 His body crooked all over, big-bellied, badger- 
 legged, and his complexion swarthy. L'Est7-ange, 
 
 Ba'dly. adv. [from bad.] In a bad man- 
 ner; not well. 
 
 How goes the day with us.'' O tell me Hubert.— 
 Badly, ffear. How nires your majesty .-* Shakesp. 
 
 Badness, n. s. [from bud.] Want of good 
 qualities, either natural or moral ; de- 
 sert ; depravity. 
 
 It was not your brother's evil disposition made 
 him seek histleath; but a provoking merit, set a 
 V. ork by a reprovcable badness in himself. Shakesp. 
 
 There is one convenience in the city, which 
 makes some amends for the badiiess of the pave- 
 ment. Addison on Itatif. 
 
 I did not see how the badness of the weather 
 coidd be the king's fault? Addisoiu 
 
 To Ba'ffle. v. a. [baffler, Fr.] 
 1. To elude; to make ineffectual. 
 
 They made a shift to thiid; themselves guiltless, 
 in spil'e of all their sins ; to break the precept, anti 
 at the >ame time to bu^jle the curse. South. 
 
 He hath deserved to have the grace withdrawn, 
 which he hath so long /i(if//f(/ and defied. Alterhury. 
 
 '2. To confound ; to defeat with some con- 
 fusion, as by perplexing or amusing : to 
 bojffle is sometimes less than to conquer. 
 
 Etruria lost. 
 He brings to Turnus' aid his bajled liost. Dryden. 
 
 AVheir the mind has bnMi'ght itself to close 
 thinking, it may go on roundly. Every abstruse 
 problem, every intricate question, will not hajjk, 
 discourage, or 'break it. Locke. 
 
 A foretgn potentate trembles at a war with the 
 English nation, ready to enqjloy against him such 
 revenues as shall bajfle his d'esigns upon their 
 coinitry. .-.ddism. 
 
 Ba'ffle. n. s. [from the verb.] A defeat. 
 
 It is the skill of the disputant that keeps off a 
 biMe. , _ . Soirth. 
 
 i'he authors having missed of their aims, are 
 fain to retreat with frustration and a balHe. South. 
 
 Baffler, n.s. [from baffle.] He that 
 puts to confusion, or defeats. 
 
 i3a ,
 
 B A G 
 
 Evpericnce, thiit great biijUter of sprculalioii, 
 
 assures us llie tiling is too poi^iblc, an<i liriii^s, ii: 
 
 all ages, matter of fuct to confute our snpiiositioiis. 
 
 Goi'crnmciil of the Tongue. 
 
 Bag. n. s. [belje, Sax. from wheme per 
 
 haps, by dropping, as is usual, tlie harsh 
 
 consonant, caine hige, btisci', Img- 1 
 
 1. A sack, or pouch, to put any thing in, 
 as nione_v, corn. 
 
 Cousiii.'awiiy for England ; liaste before, 
 A n<l, ere our coming, see tliou sllake tlie bags 
 Of lioarding al)hi ts ; tlleir imprisou'tl angels 
 Set thou .It liberty. Sliuhespeare. 
 
 What is itthat"onens thy mouth ni praises? Is 
 itthat thy hags and thy barns are full ? South. 
 
 "VVaterswere inclosed within the earth, as in a 
 j(,„ Burnet. 
 
 Once, we confess, beneath the patriot's cloak, 
 From the ctack'd bag the dropping guinea spoke. 
 
 Pepe. 
 
 2. That part of animals in which some 
 particular juices are contained, as the 
 poison of vipers. 
 
 The sw elliiig poison of the several sects, 
 ■Which, wauling vent, the nation's health infects. 
 Shall burst its hag. Driiden. 
 
 Sing on, sing on, for I can ne'er be cloy'd ; 
 So may tby cows their burden'd bags distend. 
 
 Vruden. 
 S. An ornamental purse of silk tied to 
 men's hair. 
 
 We saw a young fellow riding towards us full 
 gallop, with a bob wig aiid black silken tag- tied 
 to it. Addison. 
 
 4. A term used to signify different quan- 
 tities of certain commodities; as, a bag 
 of pepper, a bag of hops. 
 To Bag. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To put into a bag. 
 
 Accordingly be drain'd those marshy grounds. 
 
 And bagg'd tl'icra in a blue cloud. Dryden. 
 
 Hops ought not to be bagged up hot. Mortimer. 
 
 2. To load with a bag. 
 
 Like a bee, bagg'd with his honey'd venom, 
 rie brings it to your hive. Vruden's Don Sebastian. 
 To Bag. v. n. To swell like a fuU bag. 
 The skin seemed much contracted . yet it baggfd, 
 hnd had a porringer full of matter in it. Wiseman. 
 
 Two kids that in the valley stray 'd 
 I found by chance, and to my fold cunvey'd : 
 They drain two bagging udders every day. Dryd. 
 
 Bagatelle, n. s. [bagatelle, Fr.] A 
 trifle ; a thing of no importance; a word 
 not naturalised. 
 
 Heaps of hair rings and cj'pher'd seals ; 
 Rich trilles, serious bitgniellts. Pnor. 
 
 Ba'gg.4GE. n.s. [from bag ; baggage, Fr.] 
 
 1. The furniture and utensils of an army. 
 
 The army was an hundred and seventy thou- 
 sand fuotnien, and twelve thousand horsemen, 
 beside the baggage. Judith. 
 
 Riches are the baggage of virtue ; they cannot 
 be spared nor left Deliind, but they hinder the 
 march. Bacon. 
 
 They were probably always in readiness, and 
 carried among the baggage of the army. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. The goods that are to be carried away, 
 as bag and bagicage. 
 
 Dcrlabella designed, when his affairs grew des- 
 perate in Eoypt, to pack up hag and baggage, and 
 sail for Italy. Arbathiot. 
 
 3. .4 worthless woman ; in French ba^aste ; 
 so called, because such women follow 
 camps. 
 
 A spark of indignati .n did rise in her, not to 
 suffer tucli a baggage to win away any thing of 
 hers. ■ Sdney. 
 
 When this baggage meets with a man who has 
 Tanity to cttdit relations she turns him to ac- 
 coiint. iyectaior. 
 
 B A I 
 
 B.\'gnio. n.s. [6flg-no, Itiil. a bath.] A 
 house for bathing, sweating, and other- 
 wise cle.insing the body. 
 
 I have known two instances of maiigiiant fevers 
 prodiiceil by the hot air of a hagnio. Arhuth. on .lir. 
 Ba'gi'IPE U.S. [from 6(/o- and ;:)///f ; the 
 wiiul being received in a bag.] A mu- 
 sical instrument, consisting of a leathern 
 bag, which blows up like a foot-ball, by 
 means of a poit-vent or little tube fi.\ed 
 to it, and stopped by a valve and three 
 pipes or flutes ; the first called the great 
 pipe or drone, and the second the little 
 one, which pass the wind out only at the 
 bottom ; the third has a reed, and is 
 played on by compressing tlie bag un- 
 der the arm, when full ; and opening or 
 stopping the holes, which are eight, with 
 the fingers. The bagpipe takes in the 
 compass of three octaves. Chambers. 
 
 No banners but shirts, with some bad bagpipes 
 instead of drum and life. Sidneif. 
 
 He heard a bagpipe, and saw a general aniuiated 
 with the sound. Addouin's Freeholder. 
 
 Bagpi'per. n. s. [from bagpipe.] One 
 that plays on a bagpipe. 
 
 Some that will evermore peep thro' their eves. 
 And laugh like parrots, at a bagpiper. ShaHesp. 
 BAGUETTE, n. s. [Fr. a term of archi- 
 tecture.] A little round moulding, less 
 than an astragal; sometimes carved and 
 enriched. 
 To Baigne. v. a. [bagtier, Fr.] To drench; 
 to soak : a word out of use. 
 
 The women forslow not to baigne them, unless 
 they plead their heels, with a worse perfume than 
 Jugurth found in the dungeon. 
 
 Carew'sSurvey of' Cornwall. 
 Bail. n.s. [Of this word the etymologists 
 give many derivations ; it seems to come 
 from the French bailler, to put into the 
 hand ; to deliver up, as a man delivers 
 himself up in surety] 
 
 Bail is the freeing or setting at liberty one ar- 
 rested or imprisoned upon action either civil or 
 criminal, under security taken for his appearance. 
 There is both common and special bail ; common 
 hail ife in actions of small prejudice, or slight proof, 
 called common, because any sureties in that case 
 are taken : whereas, upon causes of greater weight, 
 or apparent speciality, special bail or surety, must 
 be taken. There is a ditierence between bail and 
 mainprise ; for he that is niainprised is at large, 
 until the dav of his appearance; but where a man 
 is bailed, he is always accounted by the law to be 
 in their ward and custody for the lime; and they 
 may, if they will, keep him in ward or in prison at 
 that time, or otherwise at their will. Cowell. 
 
 ^Vorry'd with debts, and past all hopes of 6(/i7, 
 Tir unpitv'd wretch lies rotting in a jail. Roscom. 
 
 -'Vnd bribe with presents, or, when presents fail. 
 They send their prostituted w ives for bail. Dryd. 
 
 To Bail. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To give bail for another. 
 
 Let me be their bail 
 
 They shall be ready at your highness" will. 
 
 To answer their suspicion 
 
 Thou shall not /)(a/ tiieni. Shakesp. Titus Andron. 
 
 2. To admit to bail. 
 
 When they had bailed the twelve bishops who 
 were in the' Tower, the house of Commons, in 
 great indignation, caused them immediaiely to be 
 recommitted to ilie Tower, Clarendon. 
 
 Ba ilable. adj. [from bail.] That may 
 be set at liberty by bail or sureties. 
 
 B,\'lLlFF. 71. s. [a word of doubtful ety- 
 mology in itself, but borrowed by us 
 from baillie, Fr.] 
 
 B A I 
 
 1 . A subordinate officer. 
 
 Lausanne is under the canton of Bcme,goTenied 
 by ■Abu'dij} aenl every tliree years from the senate 
 of Berne. Addison. 
 
 2. An officer whose business it is to execute 
 
 arrests. 
 
 It many times Iiappenetli, tliat, by tlie undcr- 
 sherilis and X\\t-\x bamjis, the n-wiier hath incurred 
 the forfeiture, before he conielh (o the knowledge 
 of the proeess tliat runnetJi against Iiini. hactm. 
 
 Abaili^, by mistake, seized you for a debtor, 
 and kej.»i you the whole evening iu a spunging- 
 Iiuuse. ifwi^. 
 
 Swift as a bard the bui}ifi\fd\es behind. Fo'pc. 
 
 3. An under-steward of a manor. 
 Bailiwick. 71. s. [of baillie, Vr. and pic. 
 
 Sax.] The place of the jurisdiction of 
 a bailiff within his hundred, or the lord's 
 franchise. It is that liherly which is 
 exempted from the sheriff of the county, 
 over which the lord of the liberty aj)- 
 pointeth a baiUff. CourlL 
 
 A proper officer is to walk up and do^vn bis 
 ba Hi ivicks. bpenser. 
 
 There issued writs to the sberifTs, to return the 
 names of the several land-owners in their several 
 bailiu'ickii. Hule. 
 
 To Bait. v. a. [batan. Sax. hat fzen, Germ.] 
 
 1. To put meat upon a hook, in some 
 place to tempt fish, or other animals. 
 
 Oh cunning eneni^-, that, to catch a saint. 
 With saints dost bait thy book ! most dangeruiig 
 Ts that tempiiitioa that dotli goad us on 
 To sin in loving virtue. ^hak. Meas.Jhr Meus. 
 
 Let's be revenged on him; let's aj)point bim a 
 
 meeting, give bira a sliow of comfort in bis suit, 
 
 and lead him on with a sure baited delav, till be 
 
 bath pawned his horses to mine host of tfie garter. 
 
 Shakespeare's Mcny Wives i^' ^^ indsur. 
 
 Many sorts of fishes feed upon insects, as is w ell 
 known to anglers, who bait their hooks with them. 
 
 How are the sex iraprov'd in am'rous arts ! 
 Wiiat new-foQi.d snares they bait for human 
 hearts! Gaif. 
 
 2. To give meat to one's self, or horses, 
 on the road. 
 
 What so strong, 
 But, wanting rest, will also want of misht? 
 The sun, that measures heaven all day long. 
 At night doth bait his steeds the oceaiT waves 
 among. Spniser. 
 
 To Bait. i\ a. [from haitrcy Fr. to beat.] 
 
 1. To attack with violence. 
 
 Who seeming sorely clialfed at bis band. 
 As chained bear, whom cruel dogs do bait. 
 With idle force did fain them to w itbstand. 
 
 Fair^ Qiuen, 
 1 will not 3'ield 
 To kiss the ground before young Malcolm'sleel, 
 And to be baited with the rabble^s curse. 
 
 Shakespeare's Machtt^. 
 
 2. To harass by the help of odiers ; as. we 
 bait a boar with mastiifs, but a bull with 
 bull-dogs. 
 
 To Bait. r. n. To stop at any place for 
 refreshment : perhaps this word is more 
 properly bate, to abate speed. 
 
 But our desires tyrannical extortion 
 Doth force us ihere to set our chief delightfulness. 
 Where but afcuifin^^place is allour portion. SiducU' 
 
 As one who on bis journey baits at noon, 
 Tho' bent on speed ; so here tb' archangel paus'd. 
 
 ~ Miltvn. 
 
 In all our journey from London to iiis house, ^e 
 did not so much a> bait ai a whig inn. Addis, ^nr*'. 
 
 To Bait. v. ». [as an /uirk.'] To clap the 
 wings; to make an oifer of flying; to 
 flutter. 
 
 Ail ptum'd like eslridges. that with the wind 
 Baited like e:igles having lately bath'd; 
 Cilitiering in golden coats like inia^es. .^hr.kiSp. 
 
 i3y
 
 B A K 
 
 Hood niv unnian'd l)lood bailing in my clipeks 
 With thy tilack mmille ; till strange love, grown 
 
 bold, 
 Thinks true love acted simple modesty. Shakep. 
 
 Aiiollier way I have to man my hagi;ard. 
 To make her come, and know her kee|/er's call ; 
 That is, to watch her as we watch those kites 
 That luiit and beat, and w ill not be obedient. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Bait. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Meat set to allure fish, or other animals, 
 
 to a snare. 
 
 The picasant'st anglinir is to see tlie fish 
 Cut with her golden oars the silver stream, 
 And greedily devour the treacherous buit. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 2. A temptation; an enticement; allure 
 ment. 
 
 And that same glorious beauty's idle boast 
 Is but a halt such wretches to beguile. Spetiser. 
 Taketh therewith the souls of men, as with the 
 baits. Hooker. 
 
 Sweet words, I grant, baits and allurements 
 sweet, 
 But greatest hopes witli greatest crosses meet 
 
 Faitfax. 
 Fruit, like that 
 Which grew in Paradise, the bait of Eve 
 Us'd bv the tempter. Milton. 
 
 Secure from foolish pride's affected state. 
 And specious flattery's more pernicious bait. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 Her head was bare, 
 Butfor her native ornament of hair. 
 Which in a simple knot was tied above : 
 Sweet negligence ! unheeded bait of love . Dryd. 
 
 Grant that others could with equal glory 
 Look down on pleasures, and the bails of sense. 
 1 . . Addison. 
 
 3 A refreshment on a journey. 
 Baize, n. s. A kind of coarse open cloth 
 stuff, having a long nap; sometimes 
 frized on one side, and sometimes not 
 frized. This stuff is without wale, 
 being wrought on a loom with two 
 treddles, like flannel. Chambers. 
 
 To Bake. k. a. participle passive, SaA-f^ or 
 balctii. [baecan, Sax. becken, Germ, sup- 
 posed by Wuchter to come from bee, 
 which, in the Phrygian language, sig- 
 nified bread.] 
 
 1 . To lieat any thing in a close place ; ge- 
 nerally in an oven. 
 
 He w'ill take tliereof, and warm himself; yea, 
 he kindlelh it, and bakelh bread. Isaiali. 
 
 The difference of prices of bread proceeded 
 from their delicacy in bread, and perhajjs some- 
 thin;; in their maimer of baking. Arbnlhnot. 
 
 2. To harden in the fire. 
 
 The work of the fire is a kind of baking ; and 
 whatsoever the fire baketh, time doth, in some de- 
 gree, dissolve. Bacon. 
 
 3. To hai-den with lieat. 
 
 With vehement suns 
 When dusty summer bakes the crumbling clods. 
 How pleasant is 't, beneath the twisted arch. 
 To ply the sweet carouse ! Philips. 
 
 The sun with flaming arrows pierc'd the flooil, 
 And, darting to the bottom, bak'd the mud. Dryd. 
 
 TuBake. v. n. 
 
 1. To do the work of baking. 
 
 I keep his house, and 1 wash, wring, brew, 
 bake, scour, dress meat, and make the beds, and 
 do all myself. Sliakespcarc. 
 
 2. To be heated or baked. 
 
 Fillet of a fenny snake. 
 In the cauldron boil and bake. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Qakeb Meals. Meatsdressed by theoven. 
 
 There be some houses, wherein sweetmeats will 
 relent, and baked meats will mould, more than 
 others. Bacon. 
 
 B A L 
 
 Ba'kehouse. 71. s. [from JflA'e and Aoase.] 
 A place fur baking bread. 
 
 I have marked a willingness in the Italian arti- 
 zans, to distribute the kitchen, pantry, and bake- 
 house under ground. Walton. 
 
 Ba'ken. The participle from To bake. 
 
 There was a cake baken on the coals, and a cruse 
 of water, at his head. 1 Kings. 
 
 Ba'ker. n. s. [from To bake-] He whose 
 trade is to bake. 
 
 In life and health, every man must proceed 
 upon trust, there being no "knowing the intention 
 of the cook or 6afcer. Sontli. 
 
 Ba'lance. n. s. [balance, Fr. bilanx, Lat.] 
 
 1. One of the six simple powers in me- 
 chanicks, used principally for deter- 
 mining the difference of weight in heavy 
 bodies. It is of several forms. Chambers. 
 
 2. A pair of scales. 
 
 A balance of power, either without or within a 
 state, is best conceived by considering what the 
 nature of a balance is. It supposes three things ; 
 first, the part which is held, together with the 
 hand that holds it ; and then the two scales, w ith 
 whatever is weighed therein. Swifl. 
 
 For when on ground the burden balance lies, 
 Tlie empty part'is lifted up the higher. 
 
 Sir J. Davies. 
 
 3. A metaphorical balance, or the mind 
 employed in comparing one thing with 
 another. 
 
 I have in equal 6a/a?ice justly weigh'd 
 What wrong our anus ma^' do, what wrongs we 
 
 sutler : 
 Griefs heavier than our offences. Shakes. Hen. VI. 
 
 4. The act of comparing two things, as 
 by the balance. 
 
 Comfort arises not from others being miserable, 
 but from this inference upon tlie balance, that we 
 sufler only the lot of nature. L'Estrange. 
 
 Upon a fair balance of the advanteges on either 
 side, it will appear, that the rules of the gospel 
 are more powerful means of conviction than such 
 message. ^ Atterbnrij. 
 
 5. The overplus of weight; that quantity 
 by which, of things weighed together, 
 one exceeds the other. 
 
 Care heins taken, that the exportation exceed 
 in value the nuportation ; and then the baUmce o( 
 trade must of necessity be returned in coin or bul- 
 lion. Bacons Advice to I'iUiers. 
 
 6. That which is wanting to make two 
 parts of an account even ; as, he stated 
 the account with his correspondent, and 
 paid the balance. 
 
 7. Equipoise; as, balance of power. See 
 the second sense. 
 
 Love, hope, and joy, fair pleasure's smiling 
 train ; 
 Hate, fear, and CTief, the family of pain ; 
 These niix'd witli art, and to duebimnds confin'd, 
 Make and m-aintain the balayice of the mind. Pope. 
 
 8. The beating part of a watch. 
 
 It is but supposing that all watches, wliilst the 
 balance beats, think; and it is sufiicientlj proved, 
 that my w atch thought all last night. Locke. 
 
 9. [In astronomy.] Oneof the twelve signs 
 of the zodiack, commonly called Libra. 
 
 Or wilt thou warm our snnnners w ith thy rays. 
 And seated near the balance poise the days ? Dryd. 
 
 To Balance, v. a. [balancer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To weigh in a balance, either real or 
 figurative ; to compare by the balance 
 
 If men would but balance the good and the evil 
 of things, they would not venture soul and bodj' 
 for dirty interest. _ L'Kstrange. 
 
 2. To regulate the weight in a balance ; to 
 keep in a state of just proportion. 
 
 B A L 
 
 Heav'ii that hath phic'tl this Island to give law. 
 To baliincc Kurope, and lier .'■tales tu awe, IValUr, 
 
 3. To counterpoise ; to ^veigh equal to; to 
 be equipollent ; to counteract. 
 
 'J he attnictioii of tlie glass is balanced, and ren- 
 dered inetiectual, hjf the contrary attraction of 
 the liquor, Newton. 
 
 4. 'J'o re^julate an account, by stating it on 
 both sides. 
 
 Judging is balancitig an account, and deter- 
 mining un wlilch side the odds lie. hocke. 
 
 5. To pay that which is wanting to make 
 the two parts of an account equal. 
 
 Give him leave 
 To balance the account of Blenheim's day. Prim\ 
 Though I am very ^vell salisfied, that it is not in 
 my power to balance accounts with my Maker, I 
 am resolved, however, to turn all my endeavours 
 tlip.t way. . ddtson. Spectator, 
 
 Ta Ba'lance. i\n. To hesitate; to fluc- 
 tuate between equal motives, as a balance 
 plays when charged with equal weights. 
 
 ^^'e^e the satisfaction uf lust, and the joys of 
 heaven, olVered to any one's present possession, 
 he would nut baloTiee, "or err, in the determination, 
 of his choice. Locke. 
 
 Since there is nothing that can offend, I see 
 not why you should balance a moment ahout 
 printing it. Atterburti ^o Pope. 
 
 Ba'lancer. 71. s. [from balance.] The 
 person that weighs any thing, 
 
 Ba'lass Ihihj/. 71. s. [balaSy Fr. supposed 
 to be an Indian term] A kind of ruby» 
 
 Balass rubij is of a crimson colour, with acast of 
 purple, and seems best to answer the description 
 of the ancients. Wooduard on Fossils. 
 
 To Balcu'cinate. v. 71. [i\om balbutioy 
 Lat] To stammer in speaking. Diet, 
 To Balbu'tiate. v. 71. The same with 
 halhucinate. Diet* 
 
 Balco'ny. w s. \halcony Fr. halcoTie, ItaL] 
 A frame of iron, wood, or stone, before 
 the window of a room. 
 
 Then pleasure came, who liking not the fashion. 
 Began to make balconies, terraces. 
 Till she had weaken'd all by alteration. Herberts 
 
 When dirty waters from balconies drop. 
 And dcNt'rous damsels twirl the sprinkhng mop, '■ 
 
 Cay. 
 
 Bald. adj. \hal, Welsh.] 
 
 1. Wanting hair; despoiled of hair by* 
 time or sickness. 
 
 Neither shall men make themselves bald for 
 them. Jeremiah. 
 
 I find it remaiked by Marchetti, that the cause 
 of hahhiess in men is the dryness of the brain, and 
 its shrinkin;^ from the skull; he having observed, 
 that in /»<(/(/ persons, under the bald part, there was 
 a vacuity bctv^een the skull and the brain. Ray. 
 
 He should imitate Ca'sar, w^ho, because his head 
 was bahiy covered that defect with laurels. Addis, 
 
 2. Without natural covering. 
 
 Under an oak, whose houglis were moss'd with 
 age, 
 And hiiih top bald with dry antiquity. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Without tlie usual covering. 
 
 He is .set at the upper end o' th' table ; but they 
 stand bald btfore him. Shakespeark. 
 
 4. Unadorned ; inelegant. 
 
 Hi.bhes, in the preface to his own bald transla- 
 tion, besiiis the praise of Homer when he should 
 have enSed it. Drijden's Fables, Preface. 
 
 And that, though labour'd, line must bald appear. 
 That brings unL;iateful musick to the ear. Creech. 
 
 5. Mean ; naked; without dignity; with- 
 out value ; bare. 
 
 Wliat should the people do with these bald 
 tribunes? 
 On whom depending, their obedience faJla 
 To th' greater bench, Shakespeare* 
 
 140
 
 B A L 
 
 6. Bald^v&s used by the nortliern nations, 
 to signify the same as audujt bold ; and 
 is still in use. So liiildirin. and by in 
 version W'nihald, is bold conqueror; 
 Ethelbald, nvbli/ bold ; Endbald, hap- 
 pily bold: which are of tl>e same im- 
 port as Thrnscns, Thrasymuchm, and 
 ThiHii/biilus, tkc. , , Gibson J 
 
 Baldachin, n.s. [bnldnchinoji^i^] A 
 piece of architecture, in form of a canopy, 
 supported with columns, and serving as 
 a covering to an altixr. U properly sjg 
 nifies a rich silk, Dii Ciivge, and was a 
 canopy carried over the host. 
 
 Builder's Dirt. 
 
 Ba'lderd ASH. n.s. [probably of halo, Sa.x. 
 bold, and dash to mingle.] Any thing 
 jumbled together without judgment; 
 rude mixture; a confused discourse. 
 
 To Ba'lderdash. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To mix or adulterate any liquor. 
 
 Ba'ldly. adv. [from bald.] Nakedly; 
 meanly ; inelegantly. 
 
 Ba'ldmony. n. s. The same with Gen- 
 tian. 
 
 Ba'ldness. n. s. [from bald.] 
 
 1. The want of hair. 
 
 2. The loss of hair. 
 
 Which lia|i|.cii'd on tlie skin to light, 
 And there cur. ujrfing to a wound, 
 Spreads leprosT and hdtdness round. Hicijt. 
 
 3. Meanness of writing ; inelegance. 
 Ba'ldeick. Ji.s. [Of uncertain et}^no- 
 
 ^°sy-) . ... 
 
 1. .\ girdle. By some Dictionaries it is 
 explained a bracelet ; but I have not 
 found it in that sense. 
 
 Athwart hi; breast a htildrich brave he ware. 
 That sliiii'd, like twinkling stars, with stones 
 nn*st prectmis rare. Fairit Queen. 
 
 A radiant baldricht o'er his sliouldcrs tied, 
 Sustain'd the sword that glhter'd at his side. 
 
 Pnpe. 
 
 2. The zodiack. 
 
 Tltat like the twins of Jove tliey se<^ra'd in sight. 
 Which deck tiie btiUlrick of tlie heavens bright. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Bale. n. s. [balle, Fr.] A bundle or par- 
 cel of goods packed up for carriage.] 
 
 One Ilired an ass, in tlie dog-days, to carry cer- 
 tain bates of goods to such a town." V Estrange. 
 
 It is part of the hilea in which bohea tea was 
 brought over from China. Woodward. 
 
 Bale. n. s. [bal. Sax. hale, Dan. bal, bol, 
 Icelandish.] Misery; calamity. 
 
 'She look'd about, and seeing one in mail 
 Armed to nuint, sought back to turn again ; 
 For liglit she hated as the deadly bale. Fairy Q. 
 
 To Bale. v. a. A word used by the sailors, 
 who bid bale out the water ; that is, lave 
 it out, by way of distinction from 
 pumping, .Skinner. I believe from bail 
 ler, Fr. to deliver from hand to hand. 
 
 Ti> Bale, d n. [emballer, Fr. imballure, 
 Ital.] To make up into a bale. 
 
 B.\'leful. adj. [from bale.'] 
 
 1. Fidl of misery; full of grief; sorrow- 
 ful ; sad ; woeful. 
 
 Ah. luckless babe! born under cruel star, 
 And in dead parents f>o/f/ii/ ashes bred. Faint Q. 
 
 P.ut when I feel the bitter balej'ul smart, 
 W hich her fair eyes unwares dowork in me, 
 1 tliiuk that I a I'lew Pandora see. Spemtr. 
 
 B A L 
 
 Round lie tlirows his fmlejul eyes, 
 That uitncss'd liutje jitf.iction and dismay, 
 I\Ii\M «ith obdurale pride and stcdt'asthaie. MUt. 
 2. l- uH of mischief; (iestructive. 
 
 But when he saw his threat'tiing wd-^ but vain, 
 
 He turn'd about, and searcli'd liis baleful hooks 
 
 again. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Boiling choler chokes, 
 
 By-sight of these, our^a lej it I eneime?,. Shalcesp. 
 
 rn;-i.'en, uiifelt, tiie iJery j,erpcnt <khns 
 Betwixt her linen and hernwked limbs, 
 His hiilrfiU breath inspiring -as he glides. Dryd. 
 
 Huj.py Ii!me, wliose most wholesome air 
 PoibonsVnvenoni'd spiders, and forbids 
 Tlie M/f/i(/ toad and. vi|»ers from her shore. PhiHps. 
 Ba'lefilly. adr. [from baltful.] Sor- 
 
 . rovfully ;. mischievously. , . , ■ 
 Balk. 71. s. \baik\ Dut. and Germ]' A 
 great beam, sueli as is used in building; 
 a rafter over an out-house or barn. 
 Balk. n.s. [derived by Skinner ^voxxi va- 
 licayr, Itid. to pass over.] A ridge of 
 laud left unploughed between the fur- 
 rows, or at the end of the fiold. 
 To Balk. i\a. [See the noun.] 
 
 1 . To disappoint ; to frustrate ; to elude. 
 
 Aniilher thing in the grammar schnois 1 see no 
 use of, unless it be to btdk ^oung lads in learning 
 languages. Locke. 
 
 Every one has a desire to keep np the vigour of 
 his faculties, and not to balk his understanding 'by 
 what is too hard for it. Locke. 
 
 But one may balk his good intent, 
 And take things otherwibC than meant. Prior. 
 
 The prices must liave been high ; for a people 
 so rich would not balk their fancy. Arhuthnot. 
 
 Baik'd of his prey, tlie yelling monster flies. 
 And fills the city with his hideous cries. Pope. 
 
 Is there a variance .' enter but his door, 
 Balk'd are the courts, and contest is no more. Pope. 
 
 2. To miss any thing; to leave untouched. 
 
 Bv erisly Pluto he doth swear. 
 He rent his clothes, and tore his hair; 
 And as he runneth here and there, 
 
 An acorn cup he greeteth ; 
 TVhich soon he taketh by the stalk. 
 About his head he lets it walk, 
 Nor doth he any creature bitlh, 
 
 But lavs on all he nieeteth. DrautonsKimphid. 
 
 3. To omit, or refuse, any thing. 
 
 This w as looked for at your hand, and this was 
 balkt. Shake.tpeare. 
 
 4. l^o heap, as on a ridge. This, or some- 
 thing like this, seems to be intended 
 here. 
 
 Ten thousand bold Scots, three and twenty 
 knights, 
 Balk'd in their own blood, did Sir Walter see 
 On Holmedon's plains. Shaktsp. 
 
 Ba'lkers. «. s. [In fishery.] Men who 
 stand on a cliff, or high place on the 
 shore, and give a si^n to the men in the 
 fishing-boats, which w^ay the passage or 
 shole of herrings is. Cowill. 
 
 The pilchards are pursued by a bigger fish, 
 called a plusher, w ho leapeth above w ater, and be- 
 wrayeth them to thc6a//:cr. direu-'s Snr. of Corn. 
 
 Ball. n. s. [bol, Dan. 6o/, Dutch.] 
 
 Bal, diminutively Belin, the sun, or Apollo, of 
 the Cclt^, was called by the ancient Gauls .^/)f^ 
 Uo. Whatever was round, and in particular the 
 bend, was called by the ancients either Hal, or 
 Bel, and likewise Bol and Biil. Annmg the mo- 
 dem Persians, the head is called Pi)/e;and the 
 Flemings doi-till call the head Boile. n=^.- is the 
 head or poll ; andiroXsvis to turn. Bo>.ot likewise 
 signitles a romid ball, whence fcoir/, and 6t'//, and 
 ball, which the Welsh term bet. By the Scotch 
 also the bead is named bhii ; whence the English 
 bill is derived, si^nif . ing the beak of a bird. Fi- 
 guratively, the Phrygians and Thuriaus by ^aw.rv 
 understood a king. ^Hence also, in the hyriack 
 dialects, ^^*i^, fnK and likewise PoA, iigniiie's lord. 
 
 BAL 
 
 and by this name also the son ; and, in some dia- 
 lectSj^Hx and 'ix, whence 'l?-:^- and ' II>j«-, r*i>*j( and 
 Bt^cf. and also, in the Ccllick diminutive way of 
 expres'?ii)n,«'EJ.fi^, n?.fy3f, akd B^>*v6f, signified the 
 sun ; and 'Diyn, rc?ivi, and B€>iv>j, tlie moon. Ammig 
 the Teutonicks, hoi and bed liave the same mean- 
 ing ;wlience the adjective fiotig, or heilig, is 
 derived, and signifies di\-ifie or tioly ; and the as- 
 piratioti being changed into s, the Romans forAi 
 tln.Mr&/. Jituter. 
 
 1. Any thing made iu a round form, or 
 approaching to round, j ' 
 
 Wo-m^with many feet round llWfmiielves into 
 ba/fi" under logs of timber, but not in tbe*iraber; 
 
 ' ' • ' "^ ' •'* -' BiicoH'. 
 
 Nor arms they wear, nor swords and bucklers 
 "wjeld. 
 But whirl frora leathern strings huge balls of'Irtd. 
 
 ' Dryden. 
 
 Like a ball of snow tumbling dowrn a hfh.^he 
 
 gathered strength as lie passed. • HovctU, 
 
 Still nnripen'd in the flewy mine** "• ■• g..'.. 
 Within the hall a trembling w ater shines, 
 Ihat through the cryrtal datts. AddiaollX 
 
 Such of those corpuscles as happened to com- 
 bine int6 cme mass, formed ihe nletallick and 
 mineral 6a//5, or noduies, which we find. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 2. A round thing to play with, either with 
 the hand or foot, or i racket. 
 
 Balk to the stars, and thralls to fortune'* rei^Ji, 
 Turn'd from themselves, infected wilb thi ircage. 
 Where death is fear'd and life his held with pain. 
 
 Sidnty. 
 
 Those I have seen play at ftaW, grow extremely 
 earnest who should ha\e the ball. Sidneu. 
 
 3. A small round thing, with some parti- 
 cular mark, by which votes are given, 
 or lots cast. 
 
 Let lots decide it. 
 For every number'd capiive put aball 
 Into an urn ; three only blick be there, 
 The rest, all white, are safe. Drydcn. 
 
 Minos, the strict inquisitor, appears ; 
 Round in his urn the blended ham he row Is, 
 Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 4. A globe; as, the hall of the earth, 
 
 Julius and Antony, those lords of all, 
 Low at her feet present tlte comiuer'd ha*}. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Ye gods, what justice rtdesthe ball? ' 
 
 Freedom and arts together fall. . ..'. P-jpe. 
 
 5. A globe borne as an ensign of sove- 
 reignty. 
 
 Hear the tragedy of a young man, thatby right 
 ought to hold tlie halt of a kingdom : but, Gy lolr- 
 tune, is madt^ himself a fnttl, tossed from misery 
 to misery , from place to placv?. • Brent. 
 
 (i. Any part of the botly that appraiche^; 
 to roundness; as, the lov.er and .swelJng 
 part of the thumb ; the apple of the eye. 
 
 Be subject to no sight but mine ; invisible 
 To every eye 6a// else. Shak€sptu>-e. 
 
 To make a stern countenance, let yoilr brofw 
 bend so, that it may almost touch the ball of the 
 eye Peucham.' 
 
 7. The skin spread over a hollow piece, of. 
 wood, stuffed with Iiair or wool, which 
 the printers dip in ink, to spread it on 
 the letters. 
 Ball. n. s. [bal, Fr. from balare, low Lat. 
 from ^aXXi^uy to dance.] An entertain- 
 ment of dancing, at A\hich the prepara- 
 tions are made at the expense of some 
 j>articular person. 
 
 If golden sconces are not on the walls • 
 
 To light the cstly suppers and the6a//5. Drt/d. 
 
 He would maike no extraordinary' figure at 'a 
 ball; but lean assure the !a<^c>, for their cons<^r' 
 lation, that he has writ better verses on tJie sex 
 than any man. ' Sicijt. 
 
 Ballad, n,s. [balade, Fr.] A song. 
 
 141
 
 B A L 
 
 Ballad once simiifieii a Holcmn and sacicH song, 
 ds well as trii'UiI, wlien Solomon's Sony; was 
 called Iho /«i/Wi;/7i(i/Ws;butno»ritisaii|)Jicd to 
 llothini; but trilling verse. IVutts. 
 
 An' 1 have nut ballads made on yon all, and 
 sung to filthy tunes, may a cup of sack be my 
 ptiison. Shahct>pcare. 
 
 Like the sweet Imllail, this amusing lay 
 Too long detains the lover on his way. Gaij. 
 
 To B.\'ll.\d. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 make or sing ballads. 
 
 Saucy lictors 
 Will catch at us like strumpets, and scall'd 
 
 rhiniers 
 Ballad us out o' time. Shakesi}Care. 
 
 Ballad-singer, n. s. [from ballad and 
 si?ig.] One whose employment is to 
 sing ballads in the streets. 
 
 No sooner 'can he raise his tuneful song. 
 But lads and lasses round about him throng, 
 TCot ballad-singer, plac'd above tlie crowd, 
 Sings with a note so shrilling, sweet, and loud. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Ba'llast. Ji. s. [hallaste, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . Something put at the bottom of the ship, 
 to keep it steady to the centre of gravity. 
 
 There must be middle counsellors to keep 
 things steady ; for without that ballast, the ship 
 will roul too much. Jiacim. 
 
 As for tlie ascent of a submarine vessel, this 
 may be easily contrived, if there be some great 
 vveiglit at the bottom of the sliip, being ])art of its 
 ballait ; "wliich, by some cord within, may be 
 looscneil from it. Wilkiiis. 
 
 As, when empty barks on billows float, 
 With sandy ballast sailors trim the boat ; 
 So bees bear aravel stones, wliose poising weight 
 Steers througlx the wliistling winds their steady 
 flight DimUii. 
 
 2. That which is used to make any thing 
 steady. 
 
 Why should he sink wliere nothing seem'd to 
 press? 
 His lading little, and his ballast less. Su^iji. 
 
 To Ba'llast. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To put weight at the bottom of a ship, 
 in order to keep her steady. 
 
 If this be so ballasted, as to be of equal weiglit 
 witli the iike magnitude of water, it will 'be 
 moveable. Wilkins. 
 
 2. To keep any thing steady. 
 
 While thus to ballast love I thought, 
 And so more steddily t' have gone, 
 I saw I had love's |»irmace overfranght. Donve. 
 
 Now you have given me virtue for my guide, 
 Andwitli true honour ballasted my pride. Dnid. 
 Balle'tte. n. s. [balUtte, Fr.] A dance 
 
 in which some history is represented. 
 Ba'lliards. n.s. [from ba/l,imdi/a>{/, or 
 stick to push it with.] A play at which 
 a ball is driven by the end of a stick: 
 now corruptly cMed /jilliacts. 
 ^^'iIh dice, with cards, witli billiards, far unflf, 
 ^\'ilil shutilecucks misseeiuing manly wit. Spens. 
 
 Ba'llister. .See BALUSTjiii. 
 BALLON. \ 
 
 BALLO'o>f. /"■*• 
 
 1. A large round short-necked vessel used 
 in chyniistiy. 
 
 2. [In architecture.] A ball or globe 
 placed on the top of a pillar. 
 
 3. [In fireworks.] A ball of pasteboard, 
 stuffed with combustible matter, which, 
 when fired, mounts to a considerable 
 height in the air, and then bursts into 
 bright sparks of fire, resembling stars. 
 
 Ba'llot. n. s. [hallote, Fr.] 
 1. A little ball or ticket used in giving votes, 
 being put privately into a box or urn. 
 
 [ballon, Fr ] 
 
 B A L 
 
 2. The act of \oting by ballot. 
 
 To Ba'llot. v. n. [ballotter, Fr.] To 
 choose by ballot, tiiat is, by putting 
 little balls or tickets, with particular 
 marks, privately in a box ; by counting 
 which, it is known what is the result of 
 the poll, witiiout any discovery by 
 whom eacii vote was given. 
 
 No competition arriving to a sufficient number 
 of balls, they fell to ballot some others. ^\\ilton. 
 
 Giving their votes by ballotting, tliey lie under 
 no awe. Snijt. 
 
 Ballota'tion. n. s. [from ballot.] The 
 act of voting by ballot. 
 
 The election is intricate and curious, consisting 
 
 often several 6o//e(a(ions. Wotton. 
 
 Balm. n. s. [baume, Fr. balsamiim, Lat.] 
 
 1. The sap or juice of a slu'ub remarkably 
 odoriferous. 
 
 Balm trickles through the bleeding veins 
 Of happy shrubs, in Idumean plains. Dryden. 
 
 2. Any valual)le or fragrant ointment. 
 Thy jilace isflll'd, thy sceptre wrung from thee ; 
 
 Thy balm wash'd off wherewith thou wast anointed. 
 
 Slmkespeare. 
 
 3. Any thing that sooths or mitigates pain. 
 
 Vou were conducted to a gentle bath, 
 And balms apply 'd to you. Shakespeare. 
 
 \ our praise's argument, bain of your age ; 
 Dearest and best. Shakespeare. 
 
 A tender smile, our sorrow'i only halm. 1 tmu^. 
 
 Balm. in.s. [melma, Uit.] The 
 
 BAtM Mint. J name of a plant. 
 
 The species are, 1. Gardened/?/!. 2. Garden /w/m, 
 with yelldw variegated flowers. 3. Stinking Ro- 
 man ^alm. with softer hairy leaves. Miller. 
 
 Balm ofGUiad. 
 
 1. The juice drawn from the balsam tree, 
 by making incissions in its bark. Its 
 colour is first white, soon after green ; 
 but, when it comes to be old, it is of the 
 colour of honey. The smell of it is 
 agreeable, and very penetrating; the 
 taste of it bitter, sharp, and astringent. 
 As little issues from the plant by inci- 
 sion, tiie balm sold by the merchants is 
 made of the wood and green brandies 
 of the tree, distilled by fire, which is ge- 
 nerally adulterated with turpentine. 
 
 Culmet. 
 
 It seeiui to nie, that the zori of Gilead, which 
 we render in our Bible by the word baba, was nut 
 the same with the balsam of Mecca, but ouU a 
 better sort of turi^entine, then in use for the cure 
 of wounds Hiid other diseases. Frideaux's Connec. 
 
 2. A plant remarkable for the strong bal- 
 samick scent which its leaves emit, upon 
 being bruised ; whence some have sup- 
 posed, erroneously, that tlie balm of Gi- 
 lead was taken from this plant. Milkr. 
 
 To Malm. v. a. [from balm.] 
 
 1. To anoint with balm, or with any thing 
 medicinal. 
 
 Balm liis foul head with warm distilled waters. 
 And burn sweet wood. Sliakespmre. 
 
 2. To sooth; to mitigate; to assuage. 
 
 Opprest nature sleejis : 
 Tills rest migiit yet have babnd thy senses. SItak. 
 Ba'lmy. adj. [from halm.'] 
 
 1. Having the qualities of balm. 
 Soft on the flow'ry herb 1 found me laid, 
 
 In bahnxi sweat, which with his beams the sun 
 Soon diy'd. Milttni. 
 
 2. Producing balm. ' 
 Let India boast her groves, nor envy we 
 
 The weeping amber, and the balmy trie. Pope, 
 
 B A L 
 
 3. Soothing; soft; mild. 
 
 ^ Come, Desdemoiia ! 'tis the soldiers life 
 To have their balmy slumbers wak'd with strife. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Such visions hourly pass before my sight. 
 Which from my eyes their balmy slumbers fright. 
 
 Vrydat. 
 
 4. Fragrant; odoriferous. 
 
 Those rich perfumes which from the hajipy 
 shore 
 The winds upon their balmy wings convey'd. 
 Whose guilty sweetness fiist the world betray'd. 
 
 Vryden. 
 First Eurns to the rising morn is sent. 
 The regions of the balmy continent. Ihyden. 
 
 5. Mitigating : assuasive. 
 Oh balmit breatli, that dost almost persuade 
 
 Justice to break her sword ! Sliakespcare. 
 
 Ba'lneary. n. s. [balneaiium, Lat.] A 
 
 bathing-room. 
 
 The balnearies, and bathing-places, he exposeth 
 unto the summer setting. Brawn's Vulg. Krronrs. 
 
 Balnea'tion. n.s. [from balneum, Lat. 
 a bath.] The act of bathing. 
 
 As the head may be ^listurbed by the skin, it 
 may the same way he relieved, as is observable in 
 balneatioiis, and fomentations of that part. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Krrours. 
 
 Ba'lneatory. adj. [balncariiis, Lat.] 
 Belongitig to a bath or stove. 
 
 Ba'lotade. ti. s. The leap of an horse, 
 so that when his fore-feet are in the air, 
 he shews nothing but the shoes of his 
 hinder-feet, without yerking out. A 
 balotade differs from a capriole; for 
 when a hors ' works at caprioles, he yerks 
 out his hinder legs with all his force. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ba'lsam. n.s. [bahamum, L&t.] Oint- 
 ment; unguent ;an unctuous application 
 thicker than oil, and softer than salve. 
 
 Christ's blood our balsam ; if that cure us here. 
 Him, when our judge, we shall not find severe. 
 
 Vciiham. 
 
 Ba'lsam Apple, [momordica, Lat.] An 
 
 annual Indian plant. 
 Ba'lsam Tree. 
 
 This is a slirub which scarce grows taller than 
 the iioinegranale tree ; the blossoms are like small 
 Stars, very fragrant ; whence spring out little 
 pointed pods, inclosing a fruit iike an almond, 
 called carpubalsamuui, as the wood is called -xylo- 
 baUauuun, and the juice opobalsamum. Culmet. 
 
 Balsa'mjcal. 1 adj. [from balsam.] Hav- 
 Balsa'mick. j ing the qualities of bal- 
 sam ; unctuous ; mitigating; soft; mild; 
 oily. 
 
 U there be a wound in my leg, the vital energy 
 of my huul thrusts out tlie 6(i/i"amica/ humour of 
 my blood to Ileal it. Hale. 
 
 The Hliinciit of such as have fresh wounds ought 
 to be such as keeps the humours from jiutretac- 
 tioi), and renders them oily and baUamick. Arbutk. 
 
 Ba'luster. 71. s. [according to Dii Cange, 
 from halauitrium, low Lat. a bathing- 
 place.] A small coluiTin or pilaster, 
 from an inch and three quarters to four 
 inclies square or diameter. Their dimen- 
 sions and forms are various ; they are 
 frequently adorned with mouldings ; 
 they are placed with rails on stairs, and 
 in the fronts of galleries in churches. 
 
 This should first liave been planched over, and 
 railed about with balusters. Carcw. 
 
 Balustrade. ?j s. [from baluster.] An 
 assemblage of one or more rows of little 
 turned pillars, called balusters, fixed 
 
 J42
 
 n A X 
 
 upon a terrace, or the top of a building, 
 for separatiiiiT one part from anotlior. 
 
 Bam, Bk am, bein^ initials in the name of 
 any place, usually imply it to have been 
 woody; fiom the Sax. beam, which we 
 use in the same sense to tliis clay. Gibs. 
 
 Bamboo', ti.s. An Indian plant of the 
 reed kind. It has several shoots much 
 larger than our ordinary reeds, which 
 are knotty, and separated from space to 
 space by joints. The bamboo is much 
 larger than the sugar-cane. 
 
 To Bambo'ozle. r.a. [a cant word not 
 useil in pvn-e or in grave writings.] To 
 deceive ; to impose upon ; to confound. 
 
 After Nick had biii-bivalcd about the money, 
 John ciilleil for counters. ArhutJiiuit. 
 
 Bamboozler. n. s. [from bamboozle.] 
 A tricking fellow ,• a cheat. 
 
 Tliere nre asetof fello%\s they call banterers and 
 bambcozlcrs, that play such tricks. Arbulhnot. 
 
 Ban. n. s. [6^7!, Tent, apublick procla- 
 clamation, as of proscription, interdic- 
 tion, excommunication, publick sale.] 
 
 1. Publick notice given of any thing, 
 whereby any thing is piibli kly com- 
 manded or forbidden. This word we 
 use especially in the publishing matri- 
 monial contracts in the church, before 
 marriage, to the end that if any man 
 can say against the intention of the 
 parties, either in respect of kindred or 
 otherwise, they may take their exception 
 in time. And, in the canon law, banna 
 sunt proclamationes sponsi 4' sponsee in 
 ecclesiisjie7-i solitae. Cowell. 
 
 I bar it in the interest of my wife ; 
 "fis she is subcontracted to tliis lord. 
 And I her husband contradict your bims. Shahesp. 
 To draw her neck into the bans. Hudibras. 
 
 2. A curse; excommunication. 
 
 Thoumixture rank of raidniglit weeds collected. 
 
 With Hecate's ban thrice blasted, thrice infected. 
 
 Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 A great ovevsight it was of St. Peter that he did 
 not accurst Nero, wlierebv the pope niiglit liave 
 
 fqt all ; yet what need ul'such a ban, since friar 
 'incentcould tell Atabalipa, that kingdoms were 
 the pope's? Raleigh. 
 
 3. Interdiction. 
 
 Bold deed to eve 
 The sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence, 
 Much more to taste it, under ban to touch. Milt. 
 
 4. Ban of the Empire; a publick censure 
 by which the privileges of any German 
 prince are suspended. 
 
 He proceeded so far by treaty, that he was 
 proffered to have the imperial ban taken olf Alta- 
 pinus, upon submission. Howell. 
 
 To Ban. v. a. [bannen, Dutch, to curse.] 
 To curse ; to execrate. 
 
 Shall we think that it baneth the work which 
 tJiey leave behmd them, or taketh away tlie use 
 tllereof? Hooker. 
 
 It is uncertain whether this word, in 
 the foregoing sense, is to be deduced 
 from ban to curse, or bane to poison. 
 
 Li thy closet pent up, rue mv shame, 
 Alld biimmr enemies.both inineand thine. Shah. 
 Before these Moors went a Numidian priest bel- 
 lowing out charms, and casting scrowls of paper 
 on each side, wherein he cursed and banned tlie 
 Christians.^ Knolles. 
 
 Bana'na Tree. A species of plantain. 
 Band. 71. s. Ibaide, Dutch ; band, Sax.] 
 
 B A N 
 
 1. A tie; a bandage; that by which one 
 thing is joined to another. 
 
 Vou sliaJl find the hand, that seems to tic their 
 friendship togctiier, will be the very strangler r,f 
 iheir amity. Shahesp. 
 
 "2. A chain by which any animal is kept 
 in restraint. This is now usually spelt, 
 less properly, bond, 
 
 Sii wild a beast, so lame y taught to be, 
 And bux'ini to his bands, la joy to sec. Hub. Tale. 
 
 Since you deny him entrance, he demands 
 Ilis wife, whom cruelly j'ou hold in bands. Dryd. 
 
 3 Any means of union or connexion be- 
 tween persons. 
 
 Here's ei^lit that nmst take hands. 
 To join in Hymen's bands. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Soniethingworn about the neck; aneck- 
 cloth It is now restrained to a neckclotli 
 of particular form, worn by clergymen, 
 lawyers, and students in colleges. 
 
 Fur his mind I do not care ; 
 That's a tuy that I could spare: 
 I^t his tiile he but great, 
 His cloaihs rich, and bond sit neat. Ben Jivisan. 
 
 He took his lodging at the mansion-house of a 
 laylor's widow, who wasties, and can clear- 
 starch his bands. Addison. 
 
 5. Any thing bound round another. 
 
 In old statutes of stone in cellars, the feet of 
 them being bound with leaden bands, it appeared 
 that the lead did swell. Bacon. 
 
 G. [In architecture.] Any flat low mem- 
 ber or moulding, called also fasciaj face, 
 or plinth. 
 
 7. A company of soldiers. 
 
 And, good my lord of Somerset, unite 
 Your troops of norsemen with his bayids of foot. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 8. A company of persons joined together 
 in any common design. 
 
 We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. S/mfc. 
 
 The queen, in white array before her band. 
 Saluting took her rival by the hand. Dryden. 
 
 On a sudden, luethougfit, this select fcanri sprang 
 forward, with a resolution to climb the ascent, 
 and follow the call of that heavenly musick. Tu(/er. 
 
 Strait the three hands prepare in arms to join, 
 Each band the iiundjer of the sacred Nine. Pope. 
 
 To Band. i\ a. [from barid.] 
 
 1. Toimite together into one body or troop. 
 
 The bishop, and the duke of Uloster's men, 
 Have fill'd their | ockets full of jtehble stones, 
 And banding themselves in contrary parts, 
 Do pelt at one another's pates. Shakesp. 
 
 Some of the bo\s banded themselves as fur the 
 majnr, and the others for the king, who after six 
 days skirmishing, at last made a. composition, 
 an'd departed. Careic. 
 
 TheVi to live exempt 
 From Heav'n's high jurisdiction, in new lecijxue 
 Banded against hii throne. Milton. 
 
 2. To bind over with a band. 
 
 And by his mother stood an infant lover, 
 With wings uufledg'd, his eyes were banded over. 
 
 Drifdcn. 
 
 Bands of a Saddle, are two pieces of iron 
 nailed upon the bows of the saddle, to 
 hold the bows in the right situation. 
 
 Ba'ndage. w. s. [bandage, Fr.] 
 
 1. Something bound over another. 
 
 Zeal too had a place among the rest, witli a 
 bandage over her eyes ; thougli one would not have 
 expected to have seen her represented in snow. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Cords were fastened by hooks to my bandages, 
 which tlie workmen had girt round my neck. 5a'j/?. 
 
 2. It is used, in surgerv, for the fillet or 
 roller wrapped over a wounded member ; 
 and sometimes for the act or practice ol' 
 applying bandages. 
 
 BAN 
 
 Ba'ndbox. n.s. [from band ?t.nd box."] A 
 slight box used for bands, and other 
 things of small weight. 
 
 My friends are surprised to find two bajuiboxet 
 among my books, till I let thcra sec that they are 
 lined wiiii deej* erudition. Addison. 
 
 W'hh empty bandbox she delights to range. 
 And feigns a distant errand from the 'Change. 
 
 Calf's Trivia. 
 
 Ba'ndelet. n. s. [bandelet, Fr. in archi- 
 tecture.] Any little band, flat moulding, 
 or fillet. 
 Ba'ndit. n.s. \bandito, Ita].] A man 
 outlawed. 
 
 No savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer, 
 ^Vi!l dare to soil lier virgin [lurity. Miltoru 
 
 No bandit fierce, no lyrant mad with pride, 
 No cavcrn'd hermit, rests self-satisfv'd. Pope. 
 
 Ba'nditto. ti.s. in the plural banditti, 
 [bandilo, Ital.] 
 
 A Roman swordcr, and banditto slave, 
 Jlurder'd sweet Tully. Shahesp. 
 
 Ba'ndog. n.s. [from ban or band, and 
 dog. The original of this word is very 
 doubtful. Cuius, De Canibus Britan- 
 nicis, derives it from hand, that is, a dos^ 
 chained up. Skinner inclines to deduce 
 it from bana a murderer. May it not 
 come from bun a curse, as we saj' a curst 
 cur ; or rather from baiind, swelled or 
 large, a Danish word ; from whence, in 
 some counties, they call a great nut a 
 b(in-niit ?] A kind of large dog. 
 
 The time of night when Troy was set on fire, 
 The time when screech-ow Is cry, and bandogs howl. 
 Shahesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Or privy, or pert, if any bin. 
 We have great bandogs will tear their skin. Spens. 
 
 Bandole'ers. ji. s. [bandoulicrs, Fr.] 
 Small wooden cases covered with leather, 
 each of them containing powder that is 
 a sufficient charge for a musket. 
 
 Bandrol. n.s. [banderol, Fr.] A little 
 flag or streamer; the little fringed silk 
 flag that hangs on a trumpet. 
 
 Ba'ndy. n.s. [from bander. Fr.] A club 
 turned round at bottom, for striking a 
 ball at play. 
 
 To Bandy, v. a. [probably from bandy, 
 the instrument with which they strike 
 balls at play, which, being crooked, is 
 named froiu the term bander ; as. bander 
 un arc, to string or bend a bow.] 
 
 1. To beat to and fro,or from one to another. 
 
 They do cnnningl3', from one band to another, 
 bandii the serWce like a tennis ball. Spenser. 
 
 .And like a ball bandy d 'twixt pride and nit, 
 Rather than yield, both sides the prize will quit. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 AVhat from the tropicks can the earth repel? 
 What vigorous arm, what repercussive blow. 
 Bandies me mighty globe still to and fro- Blackm. 
 
 2. To exchange ; to give and take recipro- 
 cally. 
 
 Do you bandv looks n ith me, you rascal ? Sltak 
 'Tis not in thee 
 To srudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. 
 To l>and~i) hasty words. Shakespeare 
 
 3. To ai;it;Ue; to toss about 
 
 Tills hath been so bandied amongst ns, that one 
 can iiardiv miss books of this kind. Locke, 
 
 Kver since men have been united into govern- 
 ments, the endeavours after universal raonarclijr 
 have been bandied among them. Sivift. 
 
 Let not obvious and known truth, or some of 
 the most plain and certain propositions, be bandied 
 about iu a disputaliou. Watt^
 
 BAN 
 
 To Ba'ndy. 1' n. ^o contend, as at some 
 ^ game', in which iach strives to drive the 
 
 ball h's own way. 
 
 No simple man that sees 
 This faciions bandmng "f tlieir favourites, 
 But that he doth presage some ill event, ihakesp. 
 '' A valiant son-in-law ihou shall enjoy : 
 One fit to bandfi with thy lawless sons. 
 To rulUe in the commonwealth. Shakesp. 
 
 Co\ild set up grandcL- against grandee, 
 To squander time away, and handy; 
 Made lords and conmioners lay sieges 
 To one another's privileges. Hiidibras. 
 
 After all the handiiiiif; attempts of resolution, it 
 is as nmch a (luestion as ever. GUmvUle. 
 
 Ba'ndyleg. n. s. [from bander, Fr.] A 
 crooked leg. 
 
 He tells aloud your greatest failing, 
 Nor makes a scruple to expose 
 Your bandyleg, or crooked nose. Sirijt. 
 
 Ba'ndylegged. adj. [from bandyhg.] 
 Having crooked legs. 
 
 The Ethiopians had an one-eyed baiidukgged 
 prince; such a person would have made hut an 
 odd figure. <^'''"'«'' 
 
 B.\NE. 71. s. [bana. Sax. a murderer.] 
 
 1. Poison. 
 
 Begone, or else let me. 'Tis bane to draw 
 The same air with thee. Ben Jonson. 
 
 All good to me becomes 
 
 J3ane;and in heav'n much worse would he my 
 
 state. Milton. 
 
 Thev with speed 
 
 Their course through thickest constellations held, 
 
 Spreading their iuKC. Milton. 
 
 Thus am I doul ly arm'd ; my death and life, 
 Mv bane and antidote, are both before me: 
 Tliis. in a moment, brings me to an end : 
 But tlial informs me I shall never die. Addison. 
 
 2. That which destroys; mischief; ruin. 
 
 In'iolency must be represt, or it will be tlie bane 
 of the Christian religion. Hooker. 
 
 I will not be afraid of death and bane, 
 Till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane. Hhakesp. 
 
 Surtices that to me strength is my bane. 
 And proves tlie source of all my miseries. Milton. 
 
 So entertain'd diose odorous sweets the fiend. 
 Who came their bane. Milton. 
 
 Who can omit the Gracchi, who declare 
 The Scipios worth, those thunderbolts of war. 
 The double bane of Carlhage ? Dryden. 
 
 False religion is, in its nature, the greatest bajie 
 
 and destruction to government in the world . South. 
 
 To Bane. v. n. [from the noun.] I'o poison. 
 
 What if mv house be troubled with a rat. 
 And 1 be pleas'd to give ten thousand ducats 
 To have i t band ' Shah-ip. 
 
 Baneful, ailj. [from bane and full.] 
 
 1. Poisonous. 
 
 For voyaging to learn the direful ait. 
 To taint with deadly drugs ihe barbi d dart ; 
 Observant of the gods, and stendy just, 
 Ilus rcfus'd t' impart the baiwfnl trust. Pope. 
 
 2. Destructive. 
 
 The silver eagle too is sent before. 
 Which I do hope will prove to them as baneful. 
 As thou conceiv'st it to the commonwealth. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 The nightly wolf is baneful to tlie fold. 
 Storms to tne wheat, to buds the bitter cold. 
 
 Di'uden. 
 
 Ba'nefulness. n.s. [from baneful.'] I'oi- 
 sonousiiess ; destructiveness. 
 
 BA'NEVtoRT. n. s. [from hane and wort.] 
 A plant, the same with deadly night- 
 shade. 
 
 To Bang. v. a. [vengolen, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To beat; to dnimp ; to cudgel: a low 
 and fainiliar word. 
 
 111; 
 
 DAN 
 
 One receiving from them some affronts, met 
 with them handsomely, and banged them to good 
 puriiose. Itowet. 
 
 He having got some iron out of the eartli, put 
 it into his servants hands to fence with, aufl hung 
 one another. Loeke. 
 
 Formerly I was to be banged because I was too 
 strong, anil now because I am too weak, to resist ; 
 I amlo be brought down when too rich, anil op- 
 pressed when loo poor. Arbttthnot. 
 
 2. To handle roughly; to treat with vio- 
 lence, in general. 
 
 The desperate tempest hath so fcring'rf the Turks, 
 That their designment halts. Sliukesp. 
 
 You should accost her with jests fire-new from 
 
 the mint ; you should have banged the youth into 
 
 dumbness. Sliakesp. 
 
 Bang. n.s. [from the verb.] A blow; a 
 
 thuiTi}) : a stroke : a low word. 
 
 I am a bachelor — That 's to say, they are fools 
 that marry ; von'li hear me a bang for that. Shak. 
 
 With niany a stiff iwack, many a bang. 
 Hard crabtree and old iron rang. Hadibras. 
 
 I heard several bangs or bnflels, as I thought, 
 iven to the eagle that held the ring of my box in 
 lis beak. Suft's GuUiver. 
 
 To Bangle, r.a. To waste by little and 
 little; to squander carelessly: a word 
 now used only in convei-sation. 
 
 If we bangle auay the legacy of jjeaee left us 
 by Christ, it is a sign of our w ant of regard for 
 l,!m. Duty .f Man. 
 
 To BANISH. V. a. [banir, Fv. banio, low 
 Lat. probably from ban, Teut. an out- 
 lawry, or proscription.] 
 
 1. To condemn to leave his own country. 
 
 Oh, fare thee well ! 
 Those evils thou repeat'st upon thyself 
 Have banish'd nie from Scotland. Shakcp. 
 
 2. To drive away. 
 
 Banish business, banish sorrow, 
 To the Gods belongs to-morrow. Cou-ley. 
 
 It is for wicked men only to dread God, and to 
 endeavour io banish the tnoughts of him out of 
 their minds. Tdlntson. 
 
 Successless all her soft caresses prove. 
 To banish from his breast his country's love. Fope. 
 
 Ba'nisher. n. s. [from banish.] He that 
 
 forces another from his own countiy. 
 
 In mere spite. 
 To be full quit of those my banishers, 
 Stantl I before thee here. Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'nishment. ?i.s. [banissement, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of banishing another; as, he 
 secured himself by the banishment of 
 his enemies. 
 
 2. The state of being banished; exile. 
 
 Now go we in content 
 To liberty, and not to banishment. Shakesp. 
 
 R(uind the wide world in banishment we roam, 
 Forc'd from our pleasing fields and native home. 
 
 Dryden. 
 BANK, [banc, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The earth arising on each side of a water. 
 We say, properly, the shore of the sea, 
 and the bunks of a rii'tr, brook, or small 
 water. 
 
 Have vou not niiifle an universal shout. 
 That Ty'l)er trembled underneath his hank? Shah. 
 
 Richmond, in Devonshire, sent out a boat 
 Unto the shore, to ask those on the banks. 
 If thev \vere his assistants. Shukesjt. 
 
 A brook whose stream so greaf, so good, 
 AVas lov'd, was honour'd as a flood ; 
 Whose banks the .Muses dwelt upon. Crashaw. 
 
 'Tis happy wlu^n our streams of kno\vle(!;:e lluw 
 To fill their"6u)i/,s, but not to overthrow. Denham. 
 
 O early lost ! what tears the river shed, 
 When the sad pomp ahmghis banks was led ! J'ope. 
 
 2. Any hetip of earth piled up. 
 
 BAN 
 
 Tliey besieged hini in Abel of Bethmaachah, 
 and they east up a bunk against the city ; and it 
 stood in the trench. Samuel. 
 
 3. [from banc, Fr. a bench.] A seat or 
 bench of rowers. 
 
 Plac'd on their banks, the lusty Trojans sweep 
 
 Nejjlune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding 
 
 deep. IValter. 
 
 Mean lime the king with gifts a vessel stores, 
 Supijlies thefjiiu/cswiUi twenty chosen oars. Dryd 
 
 'Jhat bunks of oars were not in the same plain, 
 but raised above one another, is evident frcnu de- 
 scriptions of ancient ships. Aibuihuot. 
 
 4. A place where money is laid up to be 
 called for occasionally. 
 
 Let it be no bank, or common stock, but every 
 man be master of his own money. Not that I al- 
 together mislike banks, but they will hardly be 
 brooked. Baeons Essays. 
 
 This mass of treasure you should now reduce 5 
 But you your store have .hoarded in some bank. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 There pardons and indulgences, and giving 
 men a share in saints merits, out of the common 
 bank and treasury of Ihe church, which the pope 
 has the sole custody of. South. 
 
 !}. The company of persons concerned in 
 
 managing a bank. 
 To Bank. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To inclose with banks. 
 
 Amid Ihe cliffs 
 And burning sands, thatiun/c the shrubby vales.- 
 
 Thoa)nm. 
 
 2. To lay up money in a bank. 
 
 Bank-bill. tt.s. [from bank and bill.] 
 A note for money laid up in a bank, at 
 the sight of which the money is paid. 
 
 Lei three hundred pounds be paid her out of 
 my ready money, or bank-bills. Stvifi. 
 
 Ba'nker. n. s. [from bank'] One that 
 trafficks in money; one that keeps or 
 manages a bank. 
 
 Whole droves of lenders crowd the banker's 
 doors, '- 
 
 To call in money. Dryaen. 
 
 By powertul charms of gold anrl silver Icxl, r 
 The Lombard bankers and the 'change to waste. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ba'nkruptcy. n. s. [from bankrupt.'^ 
 
 1. The stateof a man broken, or bankrupt. 
 
 2. The act of declaring one's self bankrupt ; 
 as, he raised the clamours of his credi- 
 tors by a sudden bunkrxtptcy. 
 
 Ba'Nkrupt. adj. [banqueroute, Fr ban- 
 corotfo, Ital.] In debt beyond the 
 poyver of payment. 
 The king's grown bayikrupt. like a broken man. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Sir, if you spend word for word with me, ■ 
 I shall ni'ake your wit bankrupt. Shakes;:. 
 
 It is said that the money-changers -of 
 Italy had benches, probably in the burse 
 or exchange ; and that wlien any liecain'e 
 insolvent, his/;rt«fO v.as rot to, his bench 
 was broke. It was once written banker- 
 ont. Bankeroiit is a verb. 
 
 Daintv hits 
 Make rich the ribs, but lunkerout the wits. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'nkrupt. n. s. A man in debt, beyond 
 the power of payment. 
 
 IVrkio gathered together a power, neither in 
 nmntier nor in luudiness conlemptible ; luit, in 
 their I'orlones, to be feared, being bankrupts, and 
 many of them felons Bacon. 
 
 It is with wicked men as with a bankrupt : when 
 his creditors are loud and clauioroiis, and speak 
 big, lie givcth Ihera many good words. Catam\/ 
 
 114
 
 BAN 
 
 In vain at court the bnnlcriipt pleads Ins cause ; 
 His tlianiilcss countr^v it'Lives tiiiii to her iaus.i*iyje. 
 To Ba'nkrupt. v. a. To break ; to dis- 
 able one from satisfyinjj jiis creditors. 
 
 W'v cast otVtlie care of all future thrift, because 
 
 we are already bankritpU^d . Ihiminond. 
 
 Ba'nnek. n.s. [baiijtiere, Fr. banair, 
 
 Welsh.] 
 1. Afljiu:; a standard ; a military ensign. 
 
 From France itiere comes a power who airead^r 
 Have secret spies in some of our best pctrls, 
 And are at point to shew their open /;a?tHe/\ Slnih. 
 All in a uioment through the glooru were seen 
 Ten tiiousand banners rise mlo tile air. 
 
 With orient colours wavins;. M'dion. 
 
 He said no more ; 
 But left Iiis sister and his queen behind, 
 And wav'd his royal banner in the wind. Vrijdtn, 
 
 f ir'd with such motives you do well to jofu 
 With Cato's ^oes, and follow Caesar's baiinei-s. 
 
 Addis(yn. 
 2. A streamer born at the end of a lance, 
 
 or elsewhere. 
 Ba'nneret. n.s. [from banner.] A 
 knight made in the field, with the cere- 
 mony of cuttiniT off the point of his 
 standard, and making it a banner. They 
 are ne.xt to barons in dignity ; and were 
 anciently called by summons to parlia- 
 nient. Bhvyit. 
 
 A gentleman told Henry, that Sir Richard 
 Crofles, made banntret at Sioke, was a wise man ; 
 the king answered, lie doubted not that, but mar- 
 velled how a fool could know. Camden. 
 
 Ba'nnerol, more properly Banderol. 
 
 71. s. [from banderole, Fr.] A little flag 
 
 or streamer. 
 King Oswald had a bannerol of gold and purple 
 
 set over his tomb. Camden. 
 
 Ba'nnian. n.s. .A man's undress, or 
 
 morning gown, such as is worn by the 
 
 Banniaiis in the East Indies. 
 B.Vnnock. n. s. A kind of oaten or 
 
 peasemeal cake, mixed with water, and 
 
 baked upon an iron plate over the fire ; 
 
 used in the northern counties, and in 
 
 Scotland. 
 BA'NQUET. n. s. [banquet, Fr. banehet- 
 
 to, Ital. vanqueio. Span.] A feast ; an 
 
 entertainment of meat and drink. 
 If a fasting day come, he hath on that day a 
 
 banqutt to make. Hoolcer. 
 
 Ill his commendations I am fed ; 
 
 It is a banqaet to me. Shakesp. 
 
 luu cannot liave a perfect palace, except you 
 
 have two sides ; a side for the hanqnet, and a side 
 
 for the household ; the one for feasts and tri- 
 
 uuiphs, a^ud the other for dwelling. Bacon 
 
 Sh' ''* 
 
 Shall the companions make a banqnet of him r 
 
 Job. 
 
 Mdto. 
 
 1 they part liim among the merchants ? 
 _ At that tasted fruit, 
 
 1 he sun, as from Thyestan banquet, turn'd 
 His course intended. 
 That dares prefer the toils of Hercules 
 _^^lo dalliance, banquets, m(i ienoble ease. Dr))den 
 
 -oBa'nql'et. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 . To ti-eat any one with feasts, 
 ,,. . , . Welcome his friends, 
 
 Visit his countrymen and banquet them. Shakesp 
 J hey were banqueted by Uie way, and the near- 
 er tUey approached, the more increased the nobi- 
 
 rr. W , Sir J. Havu-ard. 
 
 yo Banquet, v.n. To feast ; to" fare 
 daintily. 
 
 The mind shall hanqnet. tho' the body pine • 
 fat paunches make lean pates, and damty bits 
 Jllake rich tlie ribs, but bankerout the wits. 
 
 c 1 f . Shakesp. 
 
 so long as his innocence is his reppit, he feasts 
 and banquets upon bread and water. South 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B A P 
 
 I purpos'd to unbend the evening hours. 
 And banquet private in the women's how'ts. Prior. 
 
 Ba'nqueter. n.s. [from bnni/mt.] 
 
 1. A leaster; one that lives deliciously. 
 
 2. He that makes feasls. 
 Ba'nquet-house. ) n s. [from ban- 
 Ba'nqueting-house. I quct and /muse ] 
 
 A house where banquets are kept. 
 
 In a banquetiug-house, among certain jjleasant 
 trees, the table was set near tu an excellent water- 
 work. Sidney. 
 
 Al the walk's end behold, liow rais'd on high", 
 A banquet-house salutes the southern sky. Dri/den. 
 
 BANQUETTE. ?i.s. [Fr. in fortifica- 
 tion ] A small bank at the foot of the 
 parapet, for the soldiers to mount upon 
 when tliey fire. 
 Ba'nsticle. w. s. a small fish, called 
 stickleback. Puna^iiiiis. 
 
 To BANTER, v. a. [a barbarous word, 
 without etymology, unless it be derived 
 from badiner. Fr.j To play upon; to 
 rally ; to turn to ridicule ; to ridicule. 
 
 The m.igistrate took it that he bantered him, 
 and bade an officer take him into custody. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 It is no new thing for innocent simplicity to'^be 
 
 the subject of bantering drolls. L' Estrange. 
 
 Could .-Vlcinous' guests with-hold 
 From scorn or rage? Shall we, cries one, permit 
 His leud romance.", and his bant' ring wit ? 7(i(e. 
 
 Banter n.s. [from the verb.] Ridi- 
 cule; raillery. 
 
 This lunuour, let it look never so silly, as il 
 passes many times for frolic and banter, is one of 
 the most pernicious snares in human life. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Metaphysicks are so necessary to a distinct con- 
 ception, solid judgment, and just reasoning on 
 many subjects, that those, w ho ridiculed it,°will 
 be supposed to make their wit andduiilcra rcfuqc 
 and excuse for their own laziness. Wuth. 
 
 Ba'nteker. n.s. [from banter.] One that 
 banters ; a droll. 
 
 What opinion have these religious banterers of 
 the divine power? Or what have tliev to say for 
 this mockery and contempt ? 'L'Estriin"e. 
 
 Bantling, n.s. [If it has any etymolo- 
 gy, it is perhaps corrupted from the old 
 word bairn, buirnliii"- a little child.] A 
 little child ; a low word. 
 
 If the object of their love 
 Chance by Lncina's aid to prove, 
 Tlicy seldom let the bantling toar. 
 In basket, at a neighbour's door. Prior 
 
 Ba'ptlsm. n. s. [baptismus, Lat. 
 
 ^a-'Tflicr^c;.] 
 
 1. All external ablution of the body, with 
 a certain form of words, which operates 
 and denotes au internal ablution or 
 washing of the soul from original sin. 
 
 Ayliffe. 
 
 Baptism IS given by water, and that prescrijn 
 form of words which the church of Christ doth 
 Ui>e- . Hooker. 
 
 To his great baptism flock'd. 
 With awe, the regions round ; ;md w itli them came 
 From Nazareth the son of Joseph deein'd, 
 Uninark'd, nknown. Milion. 
 
 2. Baptism is often taken in Scripture for 
 
 sufferings. 
 
 I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how- 
 am I straitened till it be acconiplislied ? Luke. 
 Bapti'saial. adj. [from baptism.] Of 
 or pertaining to baptism. 
 
 When we undertake the baptismal vow, and 
 eiiler on tlieir new life, it would be apt to dis- 
 courage us. Hammo,id. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Ba'ptlst. n. s. [baptiste, Fr. pavnrr.u'^ 
 He that adininisters baptism. 
 
 ^ }Iim the Baptist soon 
 
 JJc-scry'd, divinely warn'd, and witnes- bore 
 .Is lo his worthier. Mi'tin. 
 
 B.Vptistery. n.s. [baptisferium, Lat.] 
 The place where the sacrament of bap- 
 tism is administered. 
 
 'J he great church, baptislrii. and leaning lower, 
 are wc-l| w orlh seeing. ylddism. 
 
 lo BAPrrZE. 11. ff. [hapti.sir, from 
 &a.-!z%t,u.] To christen; to administer 
 tlie sacrament of baptism to one. 
 
 He to llu-ni shall leave in charge, 
 lo teach all nations what of him they Icarn'd, 
 And his salvaiion ; them who shall believe. 
 Baptizing in the proUueiil stream, the .sign 
 Of washing them from guilt of sin, to lite 
 Pure, and in mind prcpar'd, if so be fal. 
 For death, like that which the Redeemer died. 
 
 - „ Milton. 
 
 Let us reflect that we are Christians ; that wc 
 are called by the name of the Son of God, and 
 baptized into an irreconcileable enmity with sin, 
 the world, and the devil. Uogers. 
 
 Bapti'zhr. H. «. [from To baptize] One 
 that christens; one that administers 
 baptism. 
 BAR. n. s. [barre, Fr.] 
 
 1. A piece of wood, iron, or other matter, 
 laid cross a passage to hinder entrance. 
 
 And he made the middle 6ai- to shoot through 
 the boards from the one end to the other. Eiodns. 
 
 2. A bolt ; a piece of iron or wootl fas- 
 tened to a door, and entering into the 
 post or wall, to hold the door close. 
 
 The fisli-gate did the sons of Hassenaah build, 
 who also laid the beams thereof, and set up the 
 -^ ors thereof, the locks thereof, and the hart 
 
 Nehemiah. 
 hinders or ob- 
 
 thercof. 
 3. Any obstacle which 
 structs; obstruclion. 
 
 I brake u\> for it my decreed place, and set ban 
 and doors, and said," Hitherto shah tliou come, 
 and no farther. Job. 
 
 And had his heir surviv'd him in due course. 
 What linnts,England, hadst thou found Pwhat bur? 
 ^Vhat world coiild have resisted ? Daii.Cii'.H'ur. 
 
 Hard, thou know'st it, to exclude 
 Spiritual substance with corporeal /wr. Milton. 
 
 i\Iust I new bars to my own jov create, 
 Refuse myself w hat I h'ad forc'ci frum fate ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 Fatal accidents have set 
 A most unhappy bar between your friendship. 
 
 liowe. 
 4. A rock, or bank of sand, at the en- 
 trance of a harbour or ri>'er, which ships 
 cannot sail over at low water. 
 .T. Any tiling used for prevention, or ex- 
 clusion. 
 
 . Lest examination should hinder and let your 
 proceedings, behold for a bar against that impe- 
 diment one opinion newly added. Hivker. 
 Which salique land the French imjustly gloze 
 to lie. 
 The founder of this law. and female bar. Shakesp. 
 
 6. The place » here causes of law are tried, 
 or where criminals are judged ; so call- 
 ed from the bar placed to hinder crowds 
 from incommoding tlie court. 
 
 I'lie great duke 
 Came to the bar, where to his accusations 
 He pleaded siill not guilty. Sliake.!p. 
 
 Some at the (mrwith subtlety defend. 
 Or on the bench the knotty laws untye. Drpden. 
 
 7. .An inclosed place in a tavern or coffee- 
 house, where the liousekeeper sits ;md 
 receives reckonings. 
 
 1 was under sonie .ipprehension that they would 
 
 U 145
 
 BAR 
 
 nppcal to ine ; and tlicreftire laid ilowri mv penny 
 ill till' !mr, ;nid made tlie best of my way. Addison. 
 
 i<. [In law.] A peremptory exemption 
 ;i<j.iinst a demand or plea brought by the 
 defendant in an action, that destroys the 
 action of tlie plaintiff" for ever. It is di- 
 vided into a bar to common intent, and 
 a liar special: a bar to a common in- 
 tent, is an ordinary or general bar, that 
 disables the declaration or plea of 
 the plaintiff; a bar special, is that 
 ^vhich is more than ordinary, and falls 
 out in tlie case in hand, upon some spe- 
 cial circumstance of the fact. i'oivell. 
 
 Ba*tardv islaid in tar of something that is prin- 
 cipally coinnienccil. Aylijj't;. 
 
 .9- Any thing, by which the compages or 
 structure is held altogether. 
 
 T went down to the l)ottoms of the mountains : 
 the earth, with her bars, was about me forever. 
 
 Jonah . 
 
 10. Any thing which is laid across ano- 
 ther, as bars in heraldry. 
 
 1 1 . Bar of Gold or Sili-tr, is a lump or 
 wedge from the mines, melted down in- 
 to a sort of mould, and never wrought. 
 
 12. Bars of a Horse. The upper part of 
 the gums, between the tusks and grind- 
 ers, which bears no teeth, and to which 
 the bit is applied, and, by its friction, 
 the horse governed. 
 
 13. Bars in Miisick, are strokes drawn 
 perpendicularly across the lines of a 
 piece of musick; used to regulate the 
 beating or measure of musical time. 
 
 li. Bar, in African Traffick, is used for 
 a denomination of price ; payment be- 
 ing fm-merly made to the Negroes al- 
 most wholly in iron bars. 
 
 Bar-shot. n.s. Two half bullets joined 
 together by an iron bar ; used in sea 
 engagements for cutting down the masts 
 and rigging. 
 
 To Bar. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To fasten, or shut any thing with a 
 bolt, or bar. 
 
 My duty cannot sulFer 
 T' obey in all your daughter's hard commands ; 
 niougli their injunction be to bar my doors, 
 And let tnis tyrannous night take hold upon you. 
 
 Shakes^. 
 Wien vou bar the window-shutters of your la- 
 dy's be(f-chamber at nights, leave open the 
 sashes, to let in air. Swift. 
 
 2. To hinder ; to obstruct. 
 
 When law can do no right. 
 Let it be lawful, tlial law bar no wrong. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To prevent; to exclude; to make im- 
 practicable. 
 
 The houses of the country were all scattered, 
 and yet not so far olf as that' it ban-ed mutual suc- 
 cour. Sidneii. 
 
 Dotli it not seem a thing very probable, that 
 God doth purposely add, Do'aftcr my judgments ; 
 as givine thereby to understand, that his meaning 
 in the former sentence was but to bar similitude 
 in such things as were repugnant to his ordinances, 
 laws, and statutes? _ Hooker. 
 
 4. To detain ; by excluding the claimants ; 
 with from. 
 
 Halh he set bounds between their love and me? 
 I am their mother ; who shall bar them from me ? 
 
 Sliakespeare. 
 
 5. To shut out: with /j-o»). 
 
 Our hope of Italy not only lost 
 But shut from ev'r'y shore, and barr'd from ev'ry 
 coast. Drxiden. 
 
 BAR 
 
 6. To exclude from use, right, or claim ; 
 \\\\h.J'rom before the thing. 
 
 God hath abridged it, by barring usfrom some 
 things of themselves inditierent. Hooker. 
 
 Give my \oice on Richard's side, 
 To bar my master's heirs in true descent ! 
 God knows I will not. Shakeqieare. 
 
 His civil acts do bind and bar thera all ; 
 And as from Adam all corruption take, 
 So, if tlie father's crime be c-apital, 
 In all the blood law doth corruption make. 
 
 SirJolin Daviis. 
 
 It was thought sufficient not only to exclude 
 them from that benefit, but to bar them front their 
 money. Clarendtm. 
 
 If lie is qualified, why is he barred the piofit, 
 when he only performs the conditions. Co/. onPride. 
 
 7. To prohibit. 
 For though the law of arras doth bar 
 
 The use of vcnourd shot in war. Hndihras. 
 
 What is a greater pedant than a mere man of 
 
 the town ^ Bar him tlie playhouses, and you strike 
 
 liini dumb. Addison. 
 
 8. To except ; to make an exception. 
 Well, we shall see vour bearing — 
 
 Nay, but I bar to-nig'lit ; you shall not gage me 
 By what we do to-night. i%akesp. 
 
 9. [In law.] To hinder the process of a 
 suit. 
 
 But buft" and belt men never know these cares ; 
 No time, nor trick of law, their action 6iirs : 
 Their cause they to an easier issue put. Dryden. 
 
 From such delays as conduce to the finding out 
 of truth, a criminal cause ought not to be barred. 
 
 Ayliffe. 
 
 If a bishop be a party to a suit, and excommu- 
 nicates his adversary, such excommunication shall 
 not disable or bar ins adversary. Aylife. 
 
 10. To bar a vein. 
 
 This is an operation performed upon 
 the veins of the legs of a horse, and 
 other parts, with intent to stop the ma- 
 lignant humours. It is done by open- 
 ing the skin above it, disengaging it, 
 and tying it both above and below, and 
 striking between the two ligatures. 
 BARB. n. s. [barha, a I)eard, Lat.] 
 1 . Any thing that grows in the place of a 
 beard. 
 
 The barbel is so called, by reason of the barb 
 or wattels at his mouth, or under his clia;is. 
 
 '[Valton's Angler. 
 
 ■■2. The points that stand backward in an 
 arrow, or fishing-hook^ to hinder tliem 
 from being extracted. 
 
 Nor less t!ie Spartan fear'd, before he found 
 The shining barb appear above the wound. 
 
 Pouc^s Iliad. 
 3. The armour for horses. 
 
 Their horses were naked, without any&ar65; 
 for albeit many brought barbs, few regarded to 
 put them on. Hayuard. 
 
 Barb. m. s. [contracted from Barbari/.] 
 A Barbary horse. 
 
 Horses brought from Barbary, are commonly- 
 of a slender light size, and verj- lean, usually 
 chosen for stallions. Barbs, it is said, may die, 
 bnt never grow old ; the vigour and mettle oi barbs 
 never cease but with their life. Fan-iers Diet. 
 
 To Barb. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To shave ; to dress out the beard. 
 
 Shave the head, and tie the beard, and say it 
 was the desire of the penitent to be so barhcd be- 
 fore his death. 5hakesp. 
 
 2. To furnish horses with armour. See 
 Barbed. 
 
 A warriour train 
 That like a deluge pour'd upon the plain ; 
 On barbed steeds they rode, in proud array, 
 ■Thick as the college of the bees in May. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 
 3. To jag arrows with hooks. 
 
 BAR 
 
 The twanging bows 
 Send showers of shafts, fliat on their barbed points 
 Altcrnale ruin bear. Phillips. 
 
 Barb AC AN. n.s. [barbacane,Tr. barba- 
 cana, Sjian.] 
 
 1. A fortification placed before the walls 
 of a town. 
 
 Within the barbacan a porter sate, 
 Day and night duly keeping watch and ward : 
 
 Nor wight nor word mote pass out of the gate. 
 But in good order, and with due regard. FairyQ. 
 
 2. A fortress at the end of a bridge. 
 
 3. An opening in the wall through which 
 the guns are levelled. 
 
 Barba'doe.s Clicrry. [malphigia, Lat] 
 
 In the West Indies, it rises to be fifteen or six- 
 teen feet high, where it jiroduces great quantities 
 of a jileasant tart fruit; projiagaled in gardens 
 there, bat in Europe it is a curiosity. MiiUrr. 
 
 Barba'does Tar. A bituminous sub- 
 stance, differing little from the petro- 
 leum floating on several springs in Eng- 
 land and Scotland. 
 
 Woodward's Method of Fossils. 
 
 Barba'rian. n. s. [barbarus, Lat.] it 
 seems to have signified at first, only a 
 foreign or a furcigncr ; but, in time, 
 implied some degree of wildness or cru- 
 elty.] 
 
 1. A man, uncivilized; untaught; a sa- 
 vage. 
 
 Proud Greece all nations else barbarians held, 
 Boasti.ig her ieariiiug all the world cxceil'd. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 There were not different gods among the Greeks 
 and barbarians. Stillingjieet. 
 
 But with, descending siiow'rs of brimstone (ir d. 
 The w ild barbarian in the storm expir'd. Addison. 
 
 2. A foreigner. 
 
 I would they were barbarians, as thej' are. 
 Though in Uome litler'd. Shakesp. Coriolanns. 
 
 3. A brutal monster; a man without pity ; 
 a term of reproach. 
 
 Tluju fell barbarian ? 
 \\'liat had he done ? what could provoke thy mad- 
 ness 
 To assassinate so great, so brave a man ? 
 
 ,•1. Phillips. 
 
 Barba'rian. adj. Belonging to barba- 
 rians ; savage. 
 
 Some felt the silent stroke of raould'ring a^e, 
 Barbarian blindness. i*i>;>e. 
 
 Barba'rick. adj. [barbaricus, Lat. in a. 
 different sense, it means in Latin 
 u'roiig/it, fretted.'] Foreign ; far fetched. 
 
 The gorgeous East, with richest hand, 
 Show'rs on her kings barbarick pearl and gold. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 The eastern front was glorious to behold. 
 With diamond tiaming, and barbarick gold. Pope. 
 
 Barbarism, n. s. [burbarismus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A form of speech contrary to the puri- 
 ty and exactness of any language. 
 
 The language is as near a]ipr03ching to it, as 
 our modern barbarism will allow : which is all that 
 can be expected from any now extant. 
 
 Driidett^sJarenal, Dcdicatiem. 
 
 2. Ignorance of arts; want of learning. 
 
 I have for barbarism spoke more 
 Than for that angel knowledge you can say. 
 
 Shakesj), 
 The genius of Raphael having succeeded to the 
 times of barbarism and ignorance, the knowledge 
 of painting is now arrived to perfection. 
 
 Driiden's Dnfresnoy, Preface. 
 
 3. Brutality ; savageness of manners ; in- 
 civility. 
 
 Jloderation ou^ht to be had in tempering and 
 managing the Irish, to bring them from their de- 
 
 146
 
 BAR 
 
 light of licentious harbai-Um unto the lore of good- 
 ness and civility. Spenser's Ireland. 
 Divers great monarchies have risen frum bar- 
 barism to civility, and (Men a^d'm loTaiiu 
 
 Varies on Ireland. 
 
 4. Cruelty ; barbarity ; unpitying hard- 
 . ness of heart ; not in use. 
 
 Thev must perforce have melted. 
 And 6or6arisnt itself have pitied him. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 Barba'rity. n. s. [from barbarous.] 
 
 1. Savageness ; incivility. 
 
 2. Cruelty ; inhumanity. 
 
 And tliey did treat him with all the rudeuess, 
 reproach, and barbarity imaginable. Clarendon. 
 
 5. Barbarism ; impurity of speech. 
 Next Petrarch follow'd, and in him we see 
 
 Wiat rhyme, improv'd in all its height, can be ; 
 At best a pleasing sound, and sweet barbarity. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 latin expresses that in one word, which either 
 tlie barbarity or narrowness of modern tongues 
 cannot supplv in mure. Dryden. 
 
 Alfected retinements, which ended by degrees 
 in many barbarities, before the Goths had iuvadtd 
 Italv. *"!/'• 
 
 BARB.\ROUS. adj. [barbare, Fr. 
 
 1 . Stranger to civility ; savage ; uncivil- 
 ized. 
 
 What need I say more to you ? What ear is 
 «o barbarous but hath heard of Ainphialus - Sidney. 
 
 The doubtful damsel dare not yet commit 
 Her single person to their barbarous truth. 
 
 Fairv Queen. 
 
 Thou art a Roman ; be not Aorfcurcms. Shahesj). 
 
 He left governor Phillip, for his country a 
 Phrvsian, and for manners more barbarous than 
 he that set him tliere. Mace. 
 
 A barbarous country must be broken bv war, 
 before it be capable of government; and when 
 subdued, if it be not well planted, it will eftsouns 
 return to barbarism. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 2. Ignorant ; unacquainted with arts. 
 
 1 hey w lio restored painting in. Germany, not 
 ha ing those reliques of antiquity, retaineil that 
 barbarous manner. Dryden. 
 
 3. Cruel ; inhuman. 
 
 By their barbarous usage, he died within a few 
 
 d;ivs, to the grief of all that knew him Clarendon. 
 
 Ba'rb.\rously. adv. [from barbarous.] 
 
 1. Ignorantly; without knowledge or arts 
 
 2. In a manner contrary to the rtiles of 
 speech. 
 
 We barbarously call them blest. 
 While swelling cotfers break their owners rest. 
 
 Stepney. 
 
 3. Cruelly ; inhumanly. 
 
 But 3'et vou barbarously mnrder'd him. Drvden. 
 
 She wishes it may prosper: but her mother 
 
 use i one of her nieces very barbarouslif. Spect. 
 
 Ba'rb.\rousness 71.S. [i'roia barbarous.] 
 
 1. Incivility of manners. 
 
 Excellencies of uiusick and poetrj' are grown to 
 be little more, but the one fiddling'and the otlier 
 rhiming ; and are indeed very worthy of the ig- 
 norance of the friar, and the barbaroiimess of the 
 Goths. Temple. 
 
 2. Impurity of language. 
 
 It is much degenerated, as touching the pure- 
 ness of sjieech j being overgrown with barharous- 
 ness. Brereuood. 
 
 2. Cruelty. 
 
 The barbarousness of the trial, and the peisua- 
 tives of tile clergy, prevailed to antiquale it. 
 
 Hale's Common Law. 
 To B.Vrbecue. I', a. A term used in the 
 West Indies for dressing a hog whole ; 
 which, being split to the backbone ; is 
 laid flat upon a large gridiron, raised 
 about two foot above a charcoal fire, 
 ■with which it is surrounded. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Oldfield, with more than harpy throat endued. 
 Cries, send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Barbecue, n. s. A hog drest whole, 
 
 in the West Indian manner. 
 Ba'rbed. part. adj. [from To barb.] 
 
 1. Furnished with armour. 
 
 His glittering armour he will command to rust, 
 His barbed stce'ds to stables. Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 2. Bearded ; jagged with hooks or points. 
 If I conjecture right, no drizzlin" sliow'r, 
 
 But rattling storm of arrows barb'd with fire. 
 
 ° Milton. 
 
 Ba'rbel. n. s. [bai'hiis, Lat.] 
 1. A kind of fish found in rivers, large 
 and strong, but coarse. 
 
 The barbel is so called, by reason of the barb or 
 wattels at his mouth, or under his chaps. 
 
 ira/ton's Angler. 
 
 •2. Knots of superfluous flesh growing up 
 
 in the channels of the mouth of a horse. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ba'rber. n. s. [from To barb.] A man 
 
 who shaves the beard. 
 
 His chamber being stived with friends or sui- 
 tors, he gave his legs, arms, and breasts to his 
 servants to dress ; his head and face to his barber; 
 his eves to his letters, and his ears to petitioners. 
 
 Wotton. 
 Thy boist'rous looks, 
 \o worthy match for valour to assail. 
 But by tlie 6<ir(Tr"s razor best subdued. Miltm. 
 
 What system, Dick, has right averr'd 
 The cause, why w oman has no beard .' 
 In |)oint5 like ihese we must agree 
 Our barber knows as much as we. Prior. 
 
 To Ba'rber. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 dress out ; to powder. 
 
 Our courteous Antony, 
 Whom nef er the word of No woman heard speak, 
 IJeiiig barber d ten times o'er, goes to the feast. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'rber-Chirurgeon. n. s. A man 
 who joins the practice of surgery to the 
 trade of a barber; such as were all 
 sxirgeons formerly, but now it is used 
 only for a low practiser of surgery. 
 
 He put himself into burher-chirurgeons hands, 
 who, by unlit applications, rarified the tumour. 
 Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 B.Vrber-monger. n. s. A wort! of 
 reproach in .S'hnkcspeare, which 
 seems to signify a fop ; a man decked 
 out by his barber. 
 
 Draw, you rosue ; for though it be night, the 
 moon shiiics ; 1 II make a sop of the moonshine of 
 you ; vou whoreson, cullionly, barber-monger, 
 "draw. " Shake'speare's King Lear. 
 
 Barberry, j/. s. [btrberis, Lat. or o.ri/- 
 acaiiihus.] Pipperidge bush. 
 
 The species are, 1. The common barberry. 2. 
 Barbcrru without stones. The first of tliese sorts 
 is very common in England, and often phmted 
 for heilces. Miller. 
 
 Barberm is a plant that bears a fruit very useful 
 in housewifery ; that which beareth its friiit with- 
 out stones is counted best. Mortimer. 
 Bar». n. s. [liardd, Welsh.] A poet. 
 
 There is among the Irish a kind of people call- 
 ed 'wrrfs, which are to then instead of poets; 
 whose profession is to set forth the praises or dis- 
 praises of men in their poems or rhinie ; the which 
 are had in high regard and estimation among 
 them. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 And many hards that to the trembling chord 
 Can tune tlieir timely voices cunninglv. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 The bard who first adorned our native tongue 
 Ttm'd to his British lyre this ancient song. 
 Which Homer might without a blush rein arse. 
 
 Drydett. 
 
 BAR 
 
 BARE. adj. [bajie. Sax. bar, Dan.] 
 
 1. Naked ; without covering. 
 
 Tlie trees are bare and naked, which use bolli 
 to cluath and liou^e the ktm. Upenseron Ireland. 
 
 Then stretch'd her arms t* embrace the body 
 bare ; 
 Her clasi)ine hands inclose but empty air. Dryd. 
 
 In ihe olifHonian statues, these two parts were 
 alwavs bare, and expused to view as much as our 
 hantfs and face. Addison. 
 
 2. Uncovered in respect. 
 
 Though the lords used to be covered whilst the 
 cumiiiuns were bare, ytt tlie commons would not 
 be bare before the ijcoltish commissioners; and 
 so none were covered. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Unadorned; plain; simple; without 
 ornament. 
 
 Yet was their manners then but bare and plain ; 
 For til' antique wurld excess and pride did hate. 
 
 Spenser. 
 -t. Detected ; no longer concealed. 
 
 These false pretexts and vamish'd coloors fail- 
 ing. 
 Bare in thy guilt, how foul thou must appear ! 
 
 MiUm. 
 
 5. Poor; indigent ; wanting plenty. 
 
 Were it for the glory of God, tiiat the clergy 
 should be left as 6a(c'as the apostles, when they 
 had neither staff nor scrip ; God would, i hope, 
 endue tliem with the self-same affection. 
 
 Hooker's Prefuce. 
 
 Even from a bare treasury, ray success haii been 
 contrary to that of .Mr. Cowley. Dryden. 
 
 6. Mere; unaccompanied with usual re- 
 commendation. 
 
 It was a hare petition of a stale 
 To one whom they had punialicd. Shahe'^p. 
 
 Nor are men prevailed upon by ftare words, 
 only through a defect of knowledge ; but carried, 
 with these puffs of wind, contrary to knowledge. 
 
 South. 
 
 7. Threadbare ; much worn. 
 
 You have an exchequer of words, and no othei 
 treasure for vour followers ; for it appears hy their 
 bare liveries', that the3' live by your bare wurds. 
 
 Shakespeare 
 
 8. Not united with any thing el^e. 
 
 A desire to draw all things to the determination 
 q( bare and naked Scripture, hath caused much 
 pains to be taken in abating the credit of man. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 TTiat which offciideth us, is the great disgrace 
 which thev offer unto our custom of bare reading 
 the word of G<»d. Hcckcr. 
 
 9. Wanting clothes; slenderly supplied 
 with clothes. 
 
 10. Sometimes ir has 0/ before the thing 
 wanted or taken away. 
 
 Tempt not the brave and needy to despair ; 
 For, though your violence should leave ihera bare 
 O/'gold and silver, swords and darts remain. 
 
 Dryden s JmenaU 
 
 Making a law to reduce intere>t, will not raise 
 the pricc^jf land ; it will only leave the country 
 barer of money. Locke, 
 
 To Bare. v. a. [from the adjective.] To 
 strip ; to make bare or naked. 
 
 The turtle, on the harcd branch. 
 Laments the wounds that death did launch. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 There is a fabulous narration, that an herb 
 
 growclh in the likeness of a lamb, and feedeth 
 
 upon tlie grass, in such sort as it wiJI bare the 
 
 grass round about. Bacon^s Xat. History. 
 
 Eriphvle here he found 
 Baring lier breast, vet bleeding with the wound. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 He har^d an ancient oak of all her boughs "; 
 Then on a rising ground the trunk he plac'd. 
 
 Dnjden. 
 Ft-r virtue, when I point the pen, 
 Bare the mean heart that lurks beneath a star ; 
 
 Can there be wanting to defend lier cause. 
 Lights of the church, or guardians of ilie law s. 
 
 Pope* 
 
 li7
 
 BAR 
 
 Bare, or Bore. The preterite of To 
 
 hear. See To Bear. 
 Ba'rebone. n.s. \^Yom hare Vin(\. hone, 1 
 
 Le.in. so that the bones appear. 
 
 Here comes lean Jack, here comes harehone : 
 how long is it ago. Jack, since tliou sawest thv 
 own knee ? Shakcsp. 7lniri/lV, 
 
 Ba'refaced. adj. [from hai'e and face] 
 
 1, With the face naked ; not masked. 
 
 Your French crowns have no liair at all, and 
 then you will plav barefaced, 
 
 Shiiliesp. 'Midsu7nmer Night's Dream. 
 
 2. Shameless; unreserved; without con- 
 ceahiient ; undisguised. 
 
 The animosities encreased, and the parties ap-" 
 peared barefaced against each otlicr. Clai'cndon. 
 
 It is niosl certain, that barefaced bawdry is tlie 
 poorest pretence to wit imaginable. l>rydt'n. 
 
 Barefacedly, adv, [from barefaced.] 
 Openly; shamefully: without disguise. 
 
 Though only some profligate "retches own it 
 too biirefacedlii, yet, perhaps, we sliould hear more, 
 dill not tear tie jieoplc's tongues. Locke. 
 
 Barefa'cedness. w. s. [from barefa- 
 ced.] Effrontery ; assurance ; audaci- 
 ousness. 
 
 Ba'refoot. adj. [from bai-e and foot.] 
 Having no shoes. 
 
 Going to find a barefoot brother out, 
 One of our order. Shakesp. Uomeo and Juliet. 
 
 Ba'refoot. adv. Without shoes. 
 
 She must have a husband ; 
 I must dance barefoot on her wedding-day. iShak. 
 
 Ambitious love hath so in me oJl'endcd, 
 Tiiat barefoot plod I the cold ground upon 
 With sainted vow. Shakeap. 
 
 Envoys describe this holy man, with his Al- 
 caydes about him, standing barefoot, bowing to 
 the earth. Addison. 
 
 Barefo'oted. odj, Beincf without shoes. 
 
 He himself, with a rope about his neck, bare- 
 footed, came to otier himself to tlie discretion of 
 Leonatus. Sidney. 
 
 Baregna'wn. adj. [from hare and 
 gnawn.] Eaten bare. 
 
 Know my name is lost, 
 By treason's tooth baregnawn and cankerbit. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Barehe'aded. adj. [from bare and 
 head.] Uncovered in respect. 
 
 He, bareheaded, lower than his proud steed's 
 neck. 
 Bespoke tlieni tlius. Shahesp. Rick. II. 
 
 Next, before the chariot, went two men bare- 
 headed. _ Bacon. 
 
 The victor knight had laid his helm aside. 
 Barehe.ided, popularly low he bow'd. Dryd. Fab. 
 
 Ba'kkly. adv. [from bare.] 
 
 1. Nakedly, 
 
 2. Poorly; indigently. 
 
 3. Without decoration. 
 
 4. Merely ; only ; without any thing 
 more. 
 
 The external administration of his word, is as 
 well by reading barely the Scripture, as by ex- 
 plaining the same. Hooker. 
 
 Tiie duke of Lancaster is dead j 
 And living too, for now his son is duke — 
 — -Brfre/y in title, not in revenue. 
 
 Shakesp.Rich.U. 
 
 He barelu nam'd tlie street, promis'd the wine, 
 
 But his kind wife gave me the very sign. Donue. 
 
 Where the bdlaiice of trade barelp pays for 
 
 comniudilies with conunodities, tliere money must 
 
 be sent, or else the debts cannot be paid. I^ocke. 
 
 Ba'reness. 71. s. [from //arc] 
 
 1. Nakedness. 
 
 So you serve us 
 Till we serve you ; "but when yon have onr roses, 
 You barely leave oiir thorns to prick ourselves. 
 And inock us with our bareness. Sliakesp. 
 
 BAR 
 
 2. Leanness. 
 
 For tlieir poverty, 1 know not where they had 
 that ; and for tlicir bareness, tliey never learned 
 that of me. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Poverty. 
 
 Were it stripped of its privileges, and made as 
 like the ])rinntive church tor its bareness as its pu- 
 rity, it could legally want all such privileges. 
 
 South 
 
 4. Meanness of clothes, 
 BA'RGAIN. n.s. [hargen, Welsh, bar~ 
 
 gaigne, Fr.] 
 I . A contract or agreement concerning 
 the sale of something, 
 
 ^Vllat is marriage but a very bargain? wherein 
 is sought alliance, or portion, or reputation, witli 
 some desire of issue ; not the faithful nuptial 
 u)iion of man and wife. Bacon. 
 
 No more can be due to me, 
 Than at the bargain made was meant. Donne. 
 
 2. The thing bought or sold ; a purchase ; 
 the thing purchased. 
 
 Give me but my price for the other two, and 
 you shall even have that into the bargain. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 He who is at the charge of a tutor at home, 
 
 may give his son a more genteel carriage, with 
 
 greater learning into the bargain, than any at 
 
 . school can do. " Locke. 
 
 3. Stipulation ; interested dealing. 
 There was a dilTerence between courtesies re- 
 ceived from their master and the duke ; for that 
 the duke's might have ends of utility and bargain, 
 whereas their master's could not. Bacon. 
 
 4i, An unexpected reply, tending to ob- 
 scenity. 
 
 Where sold he bargains, wlupstitch ? Drifden. 
 
 As tu bargainfi, few of them seem to be excel- 
 lent, because they all terminate in one single 
 point. Su'ft 
 
 No maid at court is less ashamed, 
 Howe'er for selling bargains fani'd. Sn\ift. 
 
 5. An event; an upshot: a low sense. 
 I am sorry for thy misfortune ; however we 
 
 must make tlie best of a bad bargain. 
 
 ArbiUhnoVs History of John Bull. 
 
 6. In law. 
 Bargain and sale is a contract or agreement 
 
 made fur manours, lands, &c. also the transferring 
 the property of them from the bargainer to the 
 bargainee. Cowell. 
 
 To Ba'rgain. v. 71. [from the noun.] To 
 
 make a contract for the sale or purchase 
 
 of any tiling : often with/or before the 
 
 thing. 
 
 Henry is able to enrich his queen. 
 And not to seek a queen to make him rich. 
 So worthless peasants bargainfor their wives. 
 As market-men for oxen, shc'ep, or horse. Shak. 
 
 For those that are like to be in plenty, they 
 mav be bargained for upon the ground. 'Bacon. 
 
 'I he thrifty sta>e will bargain ere they fight. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 It is possible the great duke may bargain tor 
 the republick of Lucca, by the help of Ins great 
 treasures. Addison on Italii. 
 
 Bargainee' 71 s. [from bargain.] He 
 or she that accepts a bargain. See Bar- 
 gain. 
 
 Ba'rgainer. «. s. [from bargain.] The 
 person who proffers, or makes a bargain 
 See Bargain. 
 
 BARGE. 71 a. [bargie, Dutch, from barga, 
 low Lat.] 
 
 1. A boat for pleasure. 
 
 'i'he barge she sat in, like a hurnish'd throne. 
 Burnt on tlie water. Shakcsp. 
 
 Plac'd in the gilded barge. 
 Proud witli tlie burden of so sweet a charge ; 
 W ith |)ainted oars the youtha begin to sweep 
 Neptune's smooth face. Waller. 
 
 BAR 
 
 2. A sea commander's boat. 
 It was consulted, when I had taken my large 
 
 and gone asliorc, tliat my ship should have let 
 sail and left nic. Raleigh. 
 
 3. A boat for burden. 
 Ba'eger. n. s. [from barge.] The ma- 
 
 nager of a barge. 
 
 _ Many wafarcrs make themselves glee, by put- 
 tmg the inhabitants in mind of this privilege; 
 who again, like the Campellians in the north, and 
 the London burgers, forslow not to baigne them. 
 Carew^s Survey of'CornwuU. 
 
 BARK. n. s. [barck, Dan.] 
 
 1. The rind or covering of a tree. 
 
 Trees last according to tlie strength and quarv- 
 tity of their sap and juice ; being well rauuited 
 by their bark against the injuries of tlie air. 
 
 Bacnns Nat. History. 
 Wand'ring in the dark, 
 Physicians for the tree have found the bark.Dryd. 
 
 2. A small ship [from barca, low Lat.] 
 The duke of Parma must have flown, if he 
 
 would have come into England : for he could nei- 
 ther get bark nor mariner to put tn sea. 
 
 Bacon on the War with Spain. 
 It was that fatal and perfidious bark, 
 Built in th' eclipse, and rigg'd with curses dark. 
 That sunk so low that sacred head of thine. 
 „,, Miltoti. 
 
 Who to a woman trusts his peace of mind. 
 Trusts a frail bark with a tempestuous wind. 
 
 Granville. 
 10 iiARK. 11. n. [beopcan, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . To make the noise which a dog makes 
 when he threatens or pursues. 
 
 Sent before mv time 
 Into this breathing world, scarce half made up. 
 And that so lamely and unfashionably. 
 That dogs bark at me. Sbakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 _\Vhy do your dogs hark so ? be there hears i' 
 th' town ? .ihakesp. Merni ]l'ires of ]]'incbar. 
 
 In vain the herdinan calls him back again ; 
 The dogs stand oil' afar, and bark in vaiii'. Cutckii. 
 
 2. To clamour at; to pursue with re- 
 proaches. 
 
 Vile is the vengeance on the ashes cold. 
 And envy base, to bark at sleeping fiime. 
 
 You dare patronage 
 The envious harking of your saucy tongue 
 Against my lord. Shakespeare. 
 
 To Bark. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 strip trees of their bark. 
 
 The severest penalties ought to be put upon 
 barking any tree tliat is not felled. Temple. 
 
 These trees, after they are barked and cut into 
 shape, are tumbled dow'n from the mountains into 
 the stream. Addison. 
 
 Bark-bared, adj. [from bark and 
 • bare.] Stripped of the bark. 
 
 Excorticated M\d bark-liared trees may be pre- 
 served by nourishing up a shoot from the foot, or 
 below the stripped place, cuttinij the body of the 
 tree sloping Dlfalilile above the shoot, and it 
 will heal, and be covered with bark. Mi>rti7ner. 
 
 Ba'rker. n.s. [from 6a jA-.] 
 
 1. One that barks or clamours. 
 AVhat liath he done more than a base cur? 
 
 barked and made a noise ? had a fool or two to ,j 
 s]iit in his moutli ? But they are rather enemies I 
 of my fame than me, these barkers Ben Jons>m. 
 
 2. [from bfirk of trees] One that is em- 
 ployed in stripping of trees. 
 
 Ba'rky. Of//, [from bark] Consisting 
 of bark ; cont.iiiiing b;nk. 
 Ivy so enrint^s the harky lingers of the elm. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 BA'RLEY. 11. s. [derived by .Fiiniits from 
 *i;3 hordtuiii. ]Gii<i\t olwliiciiinalf is made. 
 
 It hath a thick spike ; ttie calyx, husk, awn, 
 and flower, are like those if wheat or rye, but tl»e 
 awns are rough ; Liie seed is sv\clling in the mid- 
 
 24^
 
 BAR 
 
 die, and, for the most part, ends in a sharp point, 
 to which tlic linsks arc clc)-,('l3- united. 1 lu' spe- 
 cies are, 1. Common long-cared barley. 2. W in- 
 ter or square htirlett, by some called hig. 3. Sprat 
 barUij, or battlcdoor */>(ir/fy. All these sorts of 
 barlci/ arc sown in the spring of the year, in a drv 
 time. In some very dry liilht land, tile barte;/\s 
 sown caily in i\Iarcli ; l>ul in strong clayey soils 
 it is not sown till April. The sfpuirc hiirleii, or 
 6f^, is chiellv cidtiva'ed in the norlli of JOni^laiid 
 and in Scotland j and is hardier than the other 
 sorts. Miller. 
 
 Barteii is emollient, moistening, and expectora- 
 ting ; barlei) was chosen by Hippocrates as a pro- 
 per food in inflammatory iistcmpers. 
 
 Arbnthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Ba'rleybrake; n. s. A kind of rural 
 play. 
 
 By neighbours prais'd she went abroad thereby, 
 
 At tarlnjbnike her^weet swift feet to try. Skhnu. 
 
 Ba'eley broth, n. s. [from hurley and 
 
 hroth.^ A low word sometimes used 
 
 for strong beer. 
 
 Can sodden water, 
 A drench for surrey n'd jades, their barktf broth, 
 Decoct their cold blood to such valiant heat ? 
 
 S/irt/cesp. 
 Ba'rley corn. n. s. [from barlci/ and 
 corn.] A grain of barley; the begin- 
 ning of our measure of length; the 
 third part of an inch. 
 Aloiii;, long journey, choak'd with brakes and 
 thorns, 
 111 measur'd by ten thousand barky corns. Tickdl. 
 
 Ba'rley MOW. n.s. [from bnrln/ and 
 
 »«o«'.] The place where reaped barley 
 
 is stowed up. 
 
 Whenever by yon barleii moiv I pass. 
 Before my eyes will trip liie tidy lass. Gay. 
 
 BARM. 71.*. [burnt, Welsh ; beopm, Sax.] 
 Yeast ; the ferment put into drink, to 
 make it work ; and into bread, to lighten 
 and swell it. 
 
 Are yon not lie 
 That sometimes make the drink bear no barm, 
 IVIislead night wand'rers, laughing at their harm ? 
 
 Shakcsj). 
 Try the force of imagination upon staying the 
 working of beer, when the barm is put into it. 
 
 Bacoti. 
 
 Ba'rmt. adj. [from barm.] Containing 
 barm ; yeasty. 
 
 Their jovial nights in frolicks and in play 
 They jiass, to drive the tedious hours away ; 
 And their cold stomachs with crown'd goblets 
 
 cheer. 
 Of windy cider, and of barmy beer. Drijdcn. 
 
 Barn. n. s. [bepn, Sax.] A place, or 
 house for laying up any sort of grain, 
 hay, or straw. 
 
 In vain the barns expect tlicir prorais'd load ; 
 Nor barns at home, nor reeks are heap'd abroad. 
 
 Drtiden. 
 
 I took notice of the make of bams here Shav- 
 ing laid a frame of woo. I, dioy place, at the four 
 corners, four blocks, in such a bh.ape, as neither 
 mice nor vermin can creep up. Addison. 
 
 Ba'RNACLE. n.s. [probably of beajin, 
 Sax. a child, and aac, Sax. an oak.] 
 
 1 . A kind of shell fish that grow upon 
 timber that lies in the sea. 
 
 2. A bird like a goose, fabulously sup- 
 posed to grow on trees. 
 
 It is beyond even an atheist's credulity and im- 
 pudence, to alfirm, that the first men might grow 
 upon trees, as the story goes about haniaclfs ; or 
 might be the lice of some'vast prodigious animals, 
 whose sptcies is now extinct. Bcntky. 
 
 And from the most relin'd of saints 
 As naturally grow miscreants. 
 As barnacles turn S(j|and geese 
 In th' islands of the Orcades 0i«iii>ros. 
 
 BAR 
 
 3. .'\n instrument made commonly of iron 
 for the use of farriers, to hold a horseby 
 the nose, to hinder him from struggling 
 when an incision is made. Farr. Dirt. 
 BARO'METER. n s. [from /J^i^^ weight, 
 and iA.ir(<i» measure.] A machine for 
 measuring the weight of the atmosphere, 
 and the variations in it, in order chiefly 
 to determine the changes of the wea- 
 ther. It differs from the baroscope, 
 which only shews that the air is heavier 
 at one time than another, without spe- 
 cifying the difference. The baromttcr 
 is founded upon tlie Torricellian ex- 
 periment, so called from Torricelli, the 
 inventor of it, at Florence, in iCi."!. It 
 is a glass tube filled with mercury, ho- 
 rizontally sealed at one end ; the other 
 open, and immerged in a basin of stag- 
 nant mercury : so that, as the weight of 
 the atmosphere ditninishes, the mercury 
 in the tube will descend, and, as it in- 
 creases, the mercury will ascend ; the 
 column of mercury suspended in the 
 tube being alwa3-s equal to the weight 
 of the incumbent atmosphere. 
 
 The measuring the heiiihts of mountains, and 
 finding tlie elevation of ])Iaces above the level of 
 the sea, hath been much promoted by barometri- 
 cal experiments, founded upon that essential pro- 
 perty of the air, its gravity or pressure. As the 
 column of mercury in the barometer is counter- 
 poised by a columTi of air of equal weight, so 
 wiiatever causes make the air heavier or IiL'hter, 
 the pressure of it will be thereby increased or 
 lessened, and of consequence the mercury will 
 rise or fall. Harris. 
 
 Gravity is another property of air, whereby it 
 counterpoises a colunm of mercury from twenty- 
 seven inches and one-half to thirty and one-half, 
 the gravity of the atmosphere vary ini; one-tenth, 
 which are its utmost limits : so that the exact spe- 
 citick gravity of tlie air can be determined when 
 the barometer stands at thirty inclies, with a mo- 
 derate heat of the weather. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 Barome'trical. adj. [from barometer.] 
 Relating to the barometer. 
 
 He is very accurate in making barometrical ai^d 
 thcrmomelrieal instruments. Dcrh. Phij^ico-Tlicnt. 
 BARON, n. s. [The etymology of this 
 word is very uncertain. Baro, among 
 the Romans, signified a brave warriour, 
 or a brutal man ; and, from the first of 
 these significations, Mtna<re derives ba- 
 ron, as a term of military dignity. — 
 Others suppose it originally to signify 
 oidy a man, in which sense baron, or 
 varon, is still used by the Spaniards ; 
 and, to confirm tliis conjecture, our laiv 
 yet uses baron and ftmtiie, husband and 
 wife. Others deduce it from ber, an 5. 
 old Gaulish word, signifying comman- 
 der; others I'rom the Hebrew "lU.I, of 
 the same import. Some think it a con- 
 traction of pur hrmme, or jncr, which B 
 seems least probable.] 1 
 
 1. A degree of nobility, next to a viscount. 
 It may be probablj- thought, that an- 
 ciently, in England, all tho.se were call- 
 ed barons, that had such signiories as 
 we now call court barons: anil it is :J. 
 said, that, after the Conquest, all such B 
 came to the parliament, and sat as no 
 
 BAR 
 
 bles in the upper house. But when, 
 by experience, it appeared that the par- 
 liament was too mtich crowded with 
 such multitudes, it became a custom, 
 that none should come but such as the 
 king, for their extraordinary wisdom or 
 quality, thought good to call by writ ; 
 which writ ran hue vice tantum. .After 
 that, men seeing that this state of nobi- 
 lity was but casual, and depending 
 merely on the prince's pleasure, obtain- 
 ed of the king letters patent of this 
 dignity to them and their heirs male; 
 and these were called barons by letters 
 patent, or by creation, whose posterity 
 are now those barons that are called 
 lords of the parliament ; of which kind 
 the king may create more at his plea- 
 sure. It is nevertheless thought, that 
 there are yet barons by writ, as well as 
 barons by letters patent, and that tliey 
 may be discerned by their titles ; the 
 barons by writ being those that, to the 
 title of lord, have their own surnames 
 annexed ; whereas tlie barons by letters 
 patent are named by their baronies. 
 These barons, which were first by writ, 
 may now justly also be called barvns 
 by prescription ; for that they have con- 
 tintied barons, in themselves and their 
 ancestors, beyond the memory of man. 
 There are also barons by tenure, as the 
 bishops of the land, who, b}' virtue of 
 baronies annexed to their bishopricks, 
 have always had place in the upper 
 house of parliament, and are called lords 
 spiritual. 
 
 . Baron is an officer, as barons of the 
 exchequer to the king: of these the 
 principal is called lord chief barou, and 
 the three others are his assistants, be- 
 tween the king and his subjects, in 
 causes of justice belonging to the exche- 
 quer. 
 
 . There are also baro7is of the cinque 
 ports ; two to each of tlie seven towns, 
 Hastings, Winchelsea, Rj'e, Rumney, 
 Hi I he, Dover, and Sandwich, that have 
 places in the lower house of parliament. 
 
 Cowell. 
 They that bear 
 The cloth of state above, are four barons 
 Of the cinque ports. Shahesp. 
 
 . Baron is used for the husband in rela- 
 tion to his wife. Cowell. 
 \ Baron of Beef hv.hen the two sir- 
 loins are not cut asunder, but joined to- 
 gether by the end of the backbone. 
 
 Did. 
 a'ronage. U.S. [fvom biiron ] 
 . 'I'he body of barons and peers. 
 
 His charters of the liberties of England, and 
 of the f.irest, were hartily, and wi(h difiiculty, 
 gained by his baronage at Staines, A. D. IS?) j. 
 
 The dignity of a baron. 
 
 The land which gives title to a baron. 
 .4'roness. ti.s. [bamncssa, ha\ baton- 
 issa, Lat.] A baron s lady. 
 
 149
 
 BAR 
 
 Ba'ronet. n. s. [of baron and et, climi 
 native termination.] Tlie lowest de- 
 gree of honour that is liercditary : it is 
 below a baron, and above a Ivni^ht ; and 
 has the precedency of all other knights 
 excejit the knin;hts of tlie garter. It 
 was first founded by king James I. 
 A.D. 1611. t'oivelL But it appears 
 by the following passage that the term 
 was in use before, though in another 
 sense. 
 
 King Edward III. being bearded and crossed 
 by llie clergy, was ndvised to direct oat his writs 
 to certain ^entlcincn of Ific best abilities, entitlinn 
 them therein barons in the next parliament. ]5y 
 wliicli means he liad so many barons in ills par- 
 liaiiient, as were able to weigli down the clergy ; 
 w liich barons were not afterwards lords, but /)(f- 
 ronetSt as sundry of them do yet retain tlie name. 
 
 Sjtciiser. 
 
 Ba'rony. n. s. [Ijaronnk, Fr. beojiny, 
 Sax.] That honour or lordship that 
 gives title to a baron. Such are not 
 only the fees of temporal barons, but of 
 bishops also. Cowtl/ 
 
 Ba'roscope. n. s. [;9ap@- and o-xottiu.] 
 An instrument to sliew the weight of 
 the atmosphere. See Barometer. 
 
 If there ^vas always a calm, the ei|uilll'rlum 
 could only be changed by the contents ; where 
 the winds are not variable, the alterations of tlie 
 hnroncLipe are very small. ArbittJnwt. 
 
 Ba'rracan. n. s. [boiiraran, or barra- 
 can, Fr.] A strong thick Idnd of ca- 
 melot. 
 
 Ba'rrack. n.s. [iflrrflcca. Span.] 
 
 1. Little cabins made by tlie Spanish 
 fishermen on the sea shore ; or little 
 lodges for soldiers in a camp. 
 
 2. It is generally taken among us for 
 buildings to lodge soldiers. 
 
 Ba'rrator. ra. s. [from barat, old Fr. 
 
 from which is still retained baralcur a 
 
 cheat ] A wrangler, and encoiu'ager of 
 
 law suits. 
 Will it not reflect as much on thy character, 
 
 Nic, to turn btirratoi- in thy old days, a stirrer-up 
 
 of quarrels amongst thy neighbours ? 
 
 Aybulhnofs Histivij of John Bull. 
 Ba'rratry. n. s. [from burruter.'] The 
 
 practice or crime of a barrator; foul 
 
 practice in law. 
 
 "ris arrant ban-atrij, that bears 
 Point blank an action 'gainst our laws. Hiidibras. 
 
 Barrel n.s. [ftaW/, Welsh.] 
 
 1. A round wooden vessel to be stopped 
 close. 
 
 It hath been observed by one of the ancients, 
 that an cnipt3' hiii-rel, knuclied upon with the fin- 
 ger, giveth a dia[)ason to the sound of the like hay- 
 ret full. Bacon. 
 
 Tremliling to approach 
 Tlie little han-el, wliieh he fears to broach. Drifd. 
 
 2. A particular measure in liquids. A 
 barrel of wine is thirty-one gallons and 
 a half; of ale, thirty two gallons ; of 
 beer, thirty six gallons ; and of beer-vi- 
 negar, thirty-four gallons. 
 
 3. [In dry measure.] A borril of Essex 
 butter contains one hundred and six 
 pounds ; of Suffolk butter, two hundred 
 and fifty-six. A barrel of herrings 
 should contain thirty-two gallons wine 
 mea.'.ure, holding usually a tliousand 
 herrings. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Several colleges, instead of limitine their rents 
 to a. certain sum, provalleil with their tenants to 
 pay the price of so many barrels of cum, as the 
 market ^vent. Swift. 
 
 k Any thing Iiollow ; as the barrel of a 
 gun, that part which holds the shot. 
 
 'I'itlvc llic barrel of a h)ng gun perfectly bored, 
 set it upright, with liie breech upon the ground, 
 and talvc a bullet exactly 'it for it ; then, if you 
 suck at the nioulli of the barrel ever so f^cntiy, 
 the bullet will couic up so forcibly, that it will ha- 
 zard tlie striking nut your teeth. Di<^bii. 
 
 5. A cylinder ; iVcqiiently tliat cylinder 
 about which imy thing is woinid. 
 
 Your string and bow must be accommodated to 
 your drill; if too weak, it will not carry about 
 the barrel. Moimt. 
 
 6. Barrel of the Ear, is a cavity behhid 
 the tynipaniini, covered with a fine 
 membrane. Diet, 
 
 To Ha'rrel. v.a, [from the noun.] To put 
 any thing in a barrel for preservation. 
 
 I would have their beef beforehand barrelled, 
 which may be used as is needed. Spenser on Iret. 
 
 Barrel iip earth, and sow some seed in it, and 
 put it in the boltom of a pond. Bacon. 
 
 Ba'rrel BELLIED, adj. [from barrel 
 and bill]/.] Having a hirge belly. 
 
 Dauntless at empty noises ; lofLy-neck'd, 
 Sliarp-headed, barrel-bell y'd, broadly back'd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 BA'RREN.rt^//. [bajie, Sax. naked; proper- 
 ly applied to trees or groimd unfruitful.] 
 
 1. Without the (luality of producing its 
 kind ; not prollfick: applied to animals. 
 
 They Imil'd him father to a line of kings. 
 Upon my head Ibey jilac'd a fruitless crown, 
 And put a ban-en sceptre in my gripe, 
 No son of mine succeeding. Shakesp. 
 
 There shall not be male or female barren among 
 you, or among your cattle. Deuteronomy. 
 
 2, Unfruitful ; not fertile : sterile. 
 
 The situation of this city is pleasant, but the 
 waler is naught, and the ground barren. 2 Kings. 
 
 Teiemachus is far from exalting the nature of 
 his country ; he confesses it to hQuarren. Pope, 
 
 3. Not copious; scanty. 
 
 Some schemes will appear barren of hints and 
 matter, but prove to be fruitful. Swift. 
 
 4, Unmeaning; uninventive; dull. 
 
 There be of them lliat wiU make themselves 
 laufrh, to set on some quantity of barren specta- 
 tors to laugh too. Shakesp. 
 
 Barrenly, adv. [from barren.] Un- 
 fruitful ly. 
 Ba'rrenness. ?i.s. i^rom bari'en,] 
 
 1. Want of offspring; want of the power 
 of procreation. 
 
 I pray'd for children, and thought barrenness 
 In wedlock a reproach. Milton. 
 
 No more be mention'd then of violence 
 Against ourselves ; and wilful barreymess^ 
 That cuts us olt from hope, Milton. 
 
 2. Unfruitfulness ; sterility; infertility. 
 Within the self-sanie-hamlet, lands have divers 
 
 degrees of value, through the diversity of their 
 fertility or barrenness. Bacon. 
 
 3. Want of invention ; want of the power 
 of producing any thing new. 
 
 The adventures of Ulysses arc imitated in the 
 ..'iMieis ; though the accidents are not the same, 
 which would have argued him of a total ban-cn- 
 ness of invention. Dryden. 
 
 4. W^•lnt of matter; scantiness. 
 
 The importunity' of our adversaries hath con- 
 strained us longer to dwell than the banxjiness of 
 so poor a cause could have seemed either to re- 
 quire or to admit. Hooker. 
 
 5. [In theology.] Aridity; wantof emo*- 
 tion or sensibilily. 
 
 BAR 
 
 Tlie greatest saints sometimes are fervent, and 
 sonieliiiies feel a h(irrc'itiie!is ui devotion. Taylor. 
 
 Bakrenwort. 71. s. [epimedium, Lat.] 
 
 The name of a plant. 
 Ba'rrful. adj. [from bar and full.] 
 Full of obstructions. 
 
 A hurtful strife ! 
 Whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife. 
 
 Sliuke.'ipCfn'e. 
 Ba'rricade. n. s. [bnrrieade, Fr.] 
 
 1. A fortification, made in haste, of trees, 
 earth, waggons, or any thing else, to 
 keep off an attack. 
 
 2. Any stop ; bar ; obstruction. 
 
 There must he sueli a harricadr, as would great- 
 ly annoy, or absolutely stop, the currents of the 
 atmosphere. Derhaia. 
 
 To Bakrica'de. v. a. [barricader, Fr.] 
 
 1 . 'J'o stop up a passage. 
 
 Now all the pavement sounds with trampling 
 feet, 
 And the niixt hurry bnrricadis the street ; 
 Entangled here, tlie waggons lenglhen'd team. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 2. To hinder by stoppage. 
 
 A new volcano, continually discharging that 
 matter, which being till tht.'n barricaded up and 
 imprisoned in the bowels of the earth, was the oc- 
 casion of very great and frecpient calaiuities. 
 
 Woodward, 
 
 Barrica'do. n. s. [barrirada. Span.] 
 A fortification ; a bar ; any tiling fixed 
 to liinder entrance. 
 
 The access was by a neck of land, lietween the 
 sea on one part, and the harbour water, or inner 
 sea, oil the other ; fortilied clean over with a 
 strong rampier and harr,cado. Bacon. 
 
 To Barrica'do. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To fortify ; to bru- ; to stop up. 
 
 Fast we found, fast shut ' 
 
 The dismal gates, and barricado'd strong I Milton, 
 He had nut time to barricado the doors ; so that 
 the enemy enlereii. Clarendon. 
 
 The truth of causes we find so obliterated, that 
 it seems almost /larricadoed from any intellectual 
 approach. Uarvey. 
 
 Barrier, n. s. [barrlere, Fr. It is some- 
 times pronounced with the accent upon 
 the last syllable, but it is placed more 
 properly on the first ] 
 
 1. A barricade ; an entrenchment. 
 
 Safe in the love of heav'n, an ocean Hows 
 Aronncl our realm, a harrier from the foes. Pope. 
 
 2. A fortification, or strong place, as on 
 the frontiers of a country. 
 
 The queen is guarantee of the Dutch, having 
 los.session of the barrier, and the revenues thereof, 
 efore a peace. Swift. 
 
 3. A stop ; an obstruction. 
 
 If you value yourself as a man of learning, you 
 are building a most impassable harrier against im- 
 provement. Waits. 
 
 4. .\ bar to mark tlic limits of any place. 
 For justs, and tourneys, and barriers, the glories 
 
 of them are chicily in the chariots, wherein tlie 
 challengers make ilieir entries. Bacon. 
 
 Pris'ners to the pillar bound, 
 At eitlier barrier plac'd ; nor, captives made, 
 lie freed, or ariu'd anew. Uri^dcn 
 
 5. A boundary ; a limit. 
 
 But wave wliate'er to Cadmus may belong. 
 And fix, O muse, the barrier of thy song 
 At Oedipus. _ Pope's Statiut, 
 
 How instinct varies in the groveling swiiie, 
 Conipar'd, half reas'uing eleiJiant ! with thin« : 
 'Twiit that and reason wlial a nice barrier ! 
 For ever sep'rate, yet for ever near. Pojtt. 
 
 Ba'rristeb. «. s. [from bar,] A person 
 qualified to plead causes, called am ad- 
 vocate or licentiate in other countries 
 and courts. Outer barristers are ple«- 
 
 150 
 
 K
 
 BAR 
 
 ders witliout tlie bar, to distinguish 
 tliem from inner barristt rs ; such are 
 the benclii vs, or those who have been 
 readers, tlie counsel of the king, queen, 
 and princes, who arc admitted to plead 
 within the bar. A counsellor at law. 
 Blount. Cham. 
 BaKROW. n.s. [bi;pe]3e, Sax. supposed 
 by Skinner tocome from bear.] Any 
 kind of carriage moved by the liund ; 
 as, a hand-barrow, a frame of boards, 
 with handles at each end, carried be- 
 tween two men ; a wltitl-harrow, that 
 which one man pushes forward by rais- 
 ing on one wheel. 
 
 Have 1 lived to be carried in a liasket, like a 
 bm-MW of butcher's oti'al, and thrown into tlic 
 Thaiiies ? ^ Shukcsp. 
 
 No hanviv's wheel 
 Shall mark thj stockiiig with a luirj trace. Oay. 
 
 Barrow, w. s. [beps, Sax.] A hog; 
 whence barrow grease, or hog's lard. 
 
 Barrow, whetlier in the beginning or 
 end of names of places, signifies a grove ; 
 from beapjie, which the Saxons used in 
 the same sense. Gibson. 
 
 Barrow is likewise used in Cornwall for 
 a hillock, under which, in old times, 
 bodies have been buried. 
 
 To BARTER, v.n. [Aa)Y/«cr, Fr. to trick 
 in traffick ; from barat craft, fraud.] 
 To traffick by exchanging one commo- 
 dity for another, in ojiposition to pur- 
 chasing with money. 
 
 As if they scorn'd to trade and barter, 
 
 By giving or by taking quarter. Hiid'tbras. 
 
 'A man has liot every tiling growing upon his 
 
 soil, and therefore is willing to barter with his 
 
 ncii;hb(nir. Collier. 
 
 To Barter, v. a. 
 
 1. To give any thing in exchange for 
 something else. 
 
 For him was I exchang'd and ransom'd ; 
 But with a baser man of arms hy far 
 Once, in contempt, they would have barter'd me. 
 
 Shakes}}. 
 
 ITien as thou wilt dispose the rest, 
 To those who, at the market rate. 
 Can barter honour for estate. Pntrr. 
 
 1 see nothing left us, but to truck and barter our 
 goods, like tlie wild Indians, with each other.. SVj/i. 
 
 2. Sometimes it is used with the particle 
 awai/ before the thing given. 
 
 If they will barter aunif their time, methinks 
 
 they should at least have some ease in Exchange. 
 
 DeeatiofPiettf. 
 
 lie also bartered away plums, that would have 
 rotted in a week, for nuis that would last good for 
 his eating a whole year. Lnckc. 
 
 Ba'rter. m. s. [from the verb.] The act 
 or practice of trafficking by exchange of 
 commodities; sometimes the thing given 
 in exchange. 
 
 From England they may he furnished with such 
 things as they may want, and in exchange or barter 
 send other things with which they may aTiound. Ba. 
 
 He who corrupteth English w'ith foreign words, 
 is as wise as ladies that change plate for china; 
 for which the laudable traffick of old clothes is 
 much the fairest barter. Felton. 
 
 Ba'rterer. n.«. [from6«)-/(T.] He that 
 trafficks by exchange of commodities. 
 
 Ba'rtery. n.s. [h-om barter.] Exchange 
 of commodities. 
 
 It is a received opinion, that, in most ancient 
 ages, there was only barterii or exchange of com- 
 modities amongst most nations. Caindcn's Hem. 
 
 B A S 
 
 Ba'rtram. 71, $, A plant ; the same with 
 
 pt'Utfori/. 
 Ba'rton. n.s. The demesne lands of a 
 
 nianour ; the nianour-house itself; and 
 
 sometimes tlie outhouses. IMuunt. 
 
 BASE,, adj. [has, Tr. basso, Ital. baxo, 
 
 Span, bassns, low Latin ; ^acrt?-] 
 
 1. ^ican ; vile; worthless: of things, 
 Tlu' liiirvi'Sl white plumb is a hti^c [Aumly, and 
 
 the while date pUimbare no very good j>Iuiiibi.7W. 
 Pvri.icu£ WA'i. only famous for counterfeiting ali 
 /m.sf things, ascarlhcn pitchers, a scullery ; where- 
 upon lieWas surnanied Unpographus. Pedcham. 
 
 2. Of uiean Spirit ; disengenuous ; illibe- 
 ral ; ungenerous ; low ; without dignity 
 of sentiment : of persons. 
 
 Since tlie perfections are sucli in (lie parly I 
 love, as the tVcling of them cannot com ■ unto 
 any uniiohle heart; shall that heart, lifted up U> 
 such a lieight, be counted bufic^ SiJneij. 
 
 It is base in his adversaries thus to dwell ujxmi 
 the excesses of a pa.?sion. Atterhiirii. 
 
 3. Of low station ; of mean account ; witli- 
 otit dignity of rank ; without honour. 
 
 If the lords and chief men dep;enerafe, what 
 shall be hoped of the peasants and ftns^r peoj'le? 
 Spensci on irel. 
 If that rebellion 
 Came, like itself, in base and abject routs, 
 You, reverend father, and these noble lords. 
 Had not been liere. Shahesj). 
 
 It could not else be, 1 should prove so base 
 To sue and he denied such common gVdCti.Shakcsp. 
 
 And I w'lU yet be more vile than this, and will 
 be bicse in mine own sight. 2 Sam. 
 
 Insurrections a{ base people are commonly more 
 furious in their beginnings. Bacon. 
 
 He. wh(»se mind 
 Is virtuous, is alone of noble kind ; 
 Though poor In fortune, of celestial race ; 
 And lie commits the crhue who calls him base.Drvd. 
 
 4. Base-born ; born out of wedlock, and, 
 by consequence, of no honourable birth ; 
 illegitimate. 
 
 Why bastard ? wherefore base ? 
 When my dimensions are as well compact 
 As honest madam's issike. Shakesp. 
 
 This young lord lost his life with his father m 
 the field, and with them a fcflseson. Camden sRem. 
 
 5. Apphed to metals without value. It 
 is used in this sense of all metal except 
 gold and silver. 
 
 A guinea is pure gold, if it has nothing but gold 
 in it, wiihout any alloy or baser metal. IVatts. 
 
 6. Apph'ed to sounds ; deep, grave. It is 
 more frequently written bass, though tlie 
 comparative base7' seems to require base. 
 
 In pipes, the lower the note holes be, and the 
 further from the mouth of the pipe, the more base 
 sound they yield. Bacon. 
 
 Base-born, adj. Born out of wedlock. 
 
 Cut see tliy ba.<ie-bom child, thv babe of shame. 
 Who, left by thee, upon our parish came. Cay}. 
 
 Base-court. ?i, s. [bas convy Fr.] Lower 
 court ; not the chief court that leads to the 
 house ; the back-yard ; the farm-yard. 
 
 ]\Iy lord, in the base-court he doth attend, 
 To sjjeak with you. Shakesip. 
 
 Base-minded. adj\ Meanspirited ; 
 worthless. 
 
 It sio;niheth, as it seemeth, no more than abject, 
 ba$e-mindcd, false-hearted, coward, or nidget. 
 
 Canide7i's Rem. 
 
 Base-viol, n.s, [usually written bass- 
 viol.'] An instrument which is used in 
 concerts for the base sound. 
 
 At the first grin he cast every human feature 
 out of his countenance ; at the second he became 
 the head of a base-viol. Addison. 
 
 Base. 71. s. [bas, Fr. basis, Lat.] 
 
 1 .The bottom of any thing : commonly used 
 
 BAS 
 
 for the lower part ofabnilding,or column. 
 
 What if it teMi|it thic tow 'rd the flood, niy lord ? 
 Or to the dreadful suinniit of the clift", 
 Tliat heptles o'er his base into the sea ? Shahesp. 
 
 Virni Dorick pillars found vour solid base ; 
 The fair Corinthian croivns tlie higher space. Dry. 
 
 And all helow is strcnptli, and allabove is grace, 
 Columns of polish'd marble, (irmly set 
 On (golden ba-^m, are his legs and feet. Prior. 
 
 2. The pedestal of a statue. 
 
 IMrn of weak ahililies in preal place, are like 
 little statues set on great laics, made the less by 
 their advancement. Sacon. 
 
 Mercury was patron of flocks, and the ancients 
 placed a ram ai the /)n5e of his images. Broome. 
 S. That part of any ornament which liangs 
 down as housinfTS. 
 
 riialastus was all in white, having his bases and 
 caparison embroidered. Siilneif. 
 
 4. The broad jiart of any body ; as, the 
 bottom of a cone. 
 
 5. Stockings, or perha])s the armour for 
 the legs, [from bas, Fr.] 
 
 Nor shall it e'er be said that wight, 
 With gauntlet blue and ftrtscs white. 
 And round blunt truncheon by his side. 
 So great a man at arms det"_y 'd. hitdibras. 
 
 G. The place from which racers or tilters 
 run : the bottom of the field ; the career, 
 tlie starting-post. 
 
 He said ; to their appointed base they went ; 
 With beating heart th' e.x])ecting sign receive, 
 And, starting all at once, the barrier leave. Dryd. 
 
 7. The string that gives a base sound. 
 
 At thy well-sharpen'd thumb, from shore to shore. 
 The trebles squeak for fear, theiases roar. Dryd. 
 
 8. An old rustick play, written by Skin- 
 ner bays, and in some counties called 
 prison bars. 
 
 He with two striplings (lads more like to run 
 The country base, than to commit such slaughter) 
 I\Iade good the passage. Shahesp. 
 
 To Base. v. a. [busier, Fr.] To embase ; 
 to make less valuable by admixture of 
 meaner metals. 
 
 1 am doubtful whether men have sufficiently re- 
 fined metals, which we cannot base : as, whether 
 iron, brass, and tin be refined to the height. Bacon. 
 
 Ba'sely. adv. [from base.] 
 
 I .In a base manner; meanly; dishonourably. 
 
 The king is not himself, but/ia.^t/j/led 
 By flatterers. Shahesp. 
 
 A lieutenant bnselii gave it up, as soon as Esse.x 
 in his passage demanded it. Clarendon. 
 
 With broken vows his fame he will not stain. 
 With conquest liasely bought, and with injlorious 
 gain. Jjrydtn. 
 
 2. In bastardy. 
 
 These tw o Mitylene brethren, baselyhon^, crept 
 out of a small galliot unto the majesty of great 
 kings. Knolles. 
 
 Ba'seness. n.s. [{rom base.] 
 
 1. Meanness ; vileness ; badness. 
 Such is the power of that sweet passion, 
 
 That it all sordid baseness doth expel. Spenser. 
 
 Your soul's above the baseness of distrust. 
 Nothing hut love c uld niakeyou soimJust.Drurf. 
 
 When a man's folly must be spread open before 
 the angels, and all his basenesi riptup bet'ore those 
 pure spirits, this will I e a double hell. South. 
 
 2. Vileness of metal. 
 
 We alleged the fiaudulent obtaining his patent, 
 the baseness of his metal, and the jtrodigious sum 
 to be coined. Su-ift. 
 
 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 
 
 Why brand they us 
 With base ? with toencs.?" bastardy ? Shaltesp. 
 
 4. Deepness of sound. 
 
 The just and measured proportion of the air 
 percussed towards the baseness or trcblencss of 
 tones, is one of the greatest secrets in the con- 
 templation of sounds. Bacon. 
 
 To BASH. v.n. [probablyfrom Jase] To be 
 
 151
 
 B A S 
 
 ashamed ; to be confounded with shame. 
 
 His couiUcnance was bold, ainl hashed not 
 For (iuyon's looks, but scuniful eye-glar.ce at him 
 sliot. _ Spenser. 
 
 Basha'w. n.s. [sometimes written &a«sa.] 
 A title of lionour and command among 
 the Turks ; tiie viceroy of a province ; 
 the general of an army. 
 
 The Turks made an expi'dilion into Persia ; 
 and, because of tliC straits of tlie mountains, the 
 6ns/iaii' consulted which way tliey should get in. iiu. 
 
 Ba'sHFDL. a{/J. [This word, with all those 
 of the same race, are of uncertain ety- 
 mology. Skinner imagines them derived 
 from base or mean ; Minsheiv, from i'(»-- 
 haesen, Dut. to strike with astonishment ; 
 Junius, from iSacri;, which he finds in IJc- 
 sychius to signify shame. The conjecture 
 of Minsheiv seems most probable.] 
 
 1. Blodest; shamefaced. 
 
 I never tempted her with word loo large ; 
 But, as a brother to his sister shew'd 
 Bashful sincerity, and comely love. Shukesp. 
 
 2. Sheepish ; vitiously modest. 
 
 He looked with an almost hashjut kind of mo- 
 desty, as if he feared the eyes of man. Sidnry. 
 
 Hence, baslifiU cunnhig ! 
 And prompt me, plain and holy innocence. Shak 
 
 Our author, an.vious for his fame to-night, 
 And bashful m his first attempt to write. 
 
 Lies cautiously obscure. Addismi. 
 
 BA'^'il'ULLY. adv. [from bashful.] 'J 
 
 morously ; modestly. 
 Ba'shfulness. n. s. [from bashful.'] 
 
 1. Modesty, as shewn in outward appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Philoclea a little mused how to cut the thread 
 even, with eyes, cheek.s, and lips, w hereof each 
 sang their part, to make up the iiarmony of bash- 
 fulness. Sidneii. 
 Such looks, such bashfulncss, might well adorn 
 Thi cheeks of youths that are more nobly bon\. Dru 
 
 2. Vitious, or rustick shame. 
 
 For fear had bequeathed his room to his kins- 
 man bashfuluess, to teach liim good manners. Sid. 
 There are others who have not altogether so 
 much of this foolish busht'ulness, and who ask every 
 one's opinion. Drfideu. 
 
 Ba'sil. n.i'. [oti/ mum, hat.] The name of a 
 plant. 
 
 Basil, n. s. The angle to which the edge 
 of a joiner's tool is ground away. See 
 To BA.SIL. 
 
 B.a'sil. n. s. The skin of a shoep tanned. 
 This is, I believe, more properly wiitten 
 hasen. 
 
 To Ba'sil. v. a. To grind the edge of a 
 tool to an angle. 
 
 These chissels are not ground to such a basil as 
 the joiners cliisseis, on one of the sides, but are 
 basiled away on both the flat sides ; so (hat the 
 edge lies between both the sides in the middle of 
 the tool. Moinn. 
 
 Basi'i.ica. n. s. [(Jao-i^ixij.] The middle 
 vein of the arm, so called byway of pre- 
 eminence. It is likewise attributed to ma- 
 ny medicines for the same reason. Qu/« 
 
 Basi'lical. ^ fl^/;'. [from basilica. See 
 
 Basi'lick. j Basilica.] Belonging to 
 the basilick vein. 
 
 These aneurisms following always upon bleed- 
 ing the hasilicl: vein, must be an'curisms of the 
 humeral artery. Sharp. 
 
 Basi'lick. u.s. [basilique, ¥r. ^aaif^ixi.] 
 A large hall, having two ranges of pil- 
 lars, and two isles or wings, with galle- 
 ries over them. These basilicks were 
 
 B A S 
 
 first made for the palaces of princes, and 
 afterwards convertctl into courts of jus- 
 tice, and lastly into churches ; whence a 
 basilick is generally taken for a magni- 
 ficent church, as the basilick of St. Peter 
 at Rome. 
 Basi'licon. n. s. [^aa-iXixSr.] An oint- 
 ment, called alsotetrapharmacon. Qk/w. 
 1 made incision into tlie cavity, and put a 
 pledget of basilicon over it. Wiseman. 
 
 Ba'silisk. 71. s. [basilisciis, Lat. of 
 /3«o■l^lO■^t(a•, of (Sao■l^£V! a king.] 
 
 1. A kind of serpent, called also cockatrice, 
 which is said to drive away all others by 
 his hissing, and to kill by looking. 
 
 Make me not sighted like the basilisk; 
 I've looked on thousands who have sped tlie better 
 Bj' my reirard, hut kill'd none so. Shakesp. 
 
 The basilisk was a serpent not above three palms 
 long, and dilFeienced from other serpents by ad- 
 vancing his head, and some white marks or coro- 
 nary spot upon the crown. Broum's VuJg. Err. 
 
 2. A .species of cannon or ordnance. 
 
 We practise to make swifter niotiims than any 
 you have, and to ma.ke them stronger and more 
 violent than yotirs are ; exceeding your greatest 
 camions and basili.'iks. Bacon. 
 
 Ba'sin. n. s. [basin, Fr. bncile, bucino, 
 Ital. It is often written bason, but not 
 according to etymology.] 
 L. A small vessel to hold water for wash- 
 ing, or other uses. 
 
 Let one at!end him with a silver basin. 
 Full of rose-water, and bestrew'd with flowers. S?ia. 
 
 We have lilllc wells for infusions, where the 
 waters take the virtue quicker, and better, than 
 in vessels and basins. Bacan. 
 
 We heboid a piece of silver in a basin, when wa- 
 ter is put upon it, whicli we could not discover he- 
 fore, as under the verge thereof. Broioi's Vulg.Err. 
 
 2. A small pond. 
 
 On one side of the walk you see this hollow 
 ba.»n, with its .several little plantations lying con- 
 veniently under the eye of the beholder. Spcct. 
 
 3. A part of the sea inclosed in rocks, 
 with a narrow entrance. 
 
 The jutting land two ample bays divides ; 
 The spacious basins arching rocks inclose, 
 A sure defence from every storm that blows. Pope. 
 
 4. Any hollow place capacious of liquids. 
 
 If this rot-.ition dues the seas affect. 
 The rapid motion rather would eject 
 The stores, the low capacious caves contain. 
 And from its ample ()iisin cast the main. Ji/iicAmoir. 
 
 .•■). A dock for repairing and building ships. 
 (). In anatomy, a round cavity situated be- 
 tween the anterior ventricles ofthe bram. 
 
 7. A concave piece of metal, by which 
 glass-grinders form their convex glasses. 
 
 8. A round shell or case of iron placed 
 over a furnace, in which hatters mould 
 the matter of a hat into foi-m. 
 
 9. Basins of a Bnhnce, the same with 
 the scales ; one to hold tlie weight, the 
 other the thing to be weighed. 
 
 Ba'sis. n. s. [basis, Lat.] 
 
 1. The foundation of any thing, as of a 
 column or a building. 
 
 It must follow, that Paradise, being raised to 
 this height, must have the compass of the w hole 
 earth for a.basis and foundation. Raleigh. 
 
 Ascend my chariot, guide the vapid wheels 
 That shake heav'n's basis. Milton. 
 
 In altar wise a stately iiile they rear ; 
 The tusis broad below,and topadv.inc'dinair.Dru. 
 
 2. The lowest of the three principal parts 
 of a column, which ai'e the basis; shaft, 
 and capital. 
 
 B A S 
 
 Observing an Englisli inscription upon the basis, 
 we read it over several limes. Addisim. 
 
 3. That on which any thing is raised. 
 
 Such seems thy gentle height, mi'dt only proud 
 To be tlie basis of that pompous load, 
 Thanwhich a nobler weightno mount,-.inbcars.D«)i. 
 
 4. The pedestal. 
 
 How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport. 
 That now on Pompey's basis lies along 
 No worthier than the dust ? Shahfsp. 
 
 5. The ground- work or first principle Ox 
 any thing. 
 
 Build me thy fortune upon the basis of valonr. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The friendsbip.s ofthe world are oft ^ 
 
 Confederacies in vice, or leagues of pleasure ; 
 Ours has severest vii'tue for its basis. Addison. 
 
 To Bask. v. a. [backeren, Dut. Skinner.] 
 To warm by laying out in the heat ; 
 used almost always of animals. 
 
 And stretch'fl out all the chimney's length, 
 Basks at the fire his hairy strength. Miltan. 
 
 He was basking himself in the gleam of the sun. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 'Tis all thy business, business how to shun, 
 To bask thy naked body in the sun. Dryden. 
 
 To Bask. v. n. To lie in the warmth. 
 
 About him, and above, and round the wood, ' 
 The birds that haunt the borders of his flood. 
 That hatli'd within, or bask'd upon his side. 
 To tuneful songs their narrow throats apply 'd. Dr. 
 
 llnhck'd in coverts, let her freely run 
 To range thy courts, and bask before the sun. Tick. 
 
 Some in the fields oi' purest aether play. 
 And ba.sk and whiten in the blaze of day Pnjie. 
 
 Ba'sket. n.s. [basged, Welsh; bascauda, 
 Lat. Barbara dcpiclis venit bascauda 
 Britannis, Martial.] A vessel made of 
 twigs, rushes, or splinters, or some other 
 slender bodies interwoven. 
 
 Here is a basket ; be may creep in, and throw 
 foul linen upon him, as if going to bucking. Shak. 
 
 Thus while 1 sung, my sorrows I deceiv'd. 
 And bending osiers into baskets weav'd. Vryden. 
 
 Poor Peg was forc'd to go hawking and ped- 
 dling ; now and then carrying a basket of fish to 
 the market. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ba'sket-hilt. n. s. [from basket and 
 hilt.] A hilt of a weapon so made as 
 to contain the whole hand, and defend 
 it from being wounded. 
 
 His puissant sword unto his side. 
 Near his undaunted heart, was ty'd : 
 With haslat-bilt, that would hulcl broth, 
 .'Vnd serve for fight and dinner both. Iludihras. 
 Their beef they often in their murrions stew'd. 
 And in tlieiriii.sf;et-/i!i(s their bev'rage brcw'd.iujif . 
 Ba'SKET-WOMAN. n.s. [from basket and 
 woman.] A woman, that plies at mar- 
 kets with a basket, ready to carry home 
 any thing that is bought. 
 Bass. n. s. [supposed by Junius to be 
 derived, like basket, from some British 
 word signifying a rnsli ; but perhaps 
 more properly written boss, from the 
 French basse.] A mat used in churches. 
 Having woollen yarn, bass mat, or such like, to 
 bind them withal. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To Bass. v. n. To sound in a deep tone. 
 
 The thunder. 
 That deep .-nid dreadful organ-pipe, pronouiic'd 
 Ihe name of Prosper : it did /mss my trespass. Wia 
 
 Bass. adj. [See Base.] In musick, grave ; 
 deep. 
 
 Bass-relief, n.s. [ivomhas,&-f\A relief. 
 raised work, Fr.] Sculpture. The fi- 
 gures of which do not stand out from tha 
 ground in their full proportion. Felibien 
 distinguishes three kinds oi bass-relief ; 
 
 152
 
 B A S 
 
 in the first, the front figures appear al- 
 most with the full relief; in the second, 
 the)' stand out no more than one half; 
 and in the third muc!i less, as in coins. 
 Bass-viol. See Base Viol. 
 
 On the sweep uf the arch lies one of the IVfiiscs, 
 playing on u hass-i-uit. Diydeii. 
 
 Ba'ssa. See Bashaw. 
 B.t'ssET. II. s. [hiis'ie.t, Fr.] A game at 
 cjirds, invented at \'enice. 
 
 Ganieslers would no more hlaspheme ; antl lady 
 D:il>clKTk's basset bM\k would be broke. Di-nnix. 
 
 BAaSO UELIEVO. [Ital.] See Bass- 
 relief. 
 
 Basso'n. 1 71. s. \basson, Fr.] A musical 
 
 Basso'oN. ) in.'trumentofthewindkind, 
 blown with a reed, and furnished v it!i 
 eleven holes, which are stopped likeother 
 large flutes; its diameter at bottom is 
 nine inches, and it serves for the bass in 
 concerts of hautlioys, S)'c. Trevoux. 
 
 Ba'ssock. n. s. The same with bass. 
 
 BA'STARD. n. s. [bastardd, Welsh, of 
 low birth ; bastarde, Fr.] 
 
 1. Bastard, according to the civil and ca- 
 non law, is a person born of a woman 
 out of wedlock, or not married ; so that, 
 according to order of law, his father is 
 not known. Ayliffc. 
 
 Him to the Lydian king Lyeimnia bare. 
 And sent lier boasted bastard to the war. Dryden. 
 
 2. Any thing spurious or false. 
 
 Words 
 But roofed in your tongue ; bastards and syllables 
 Of no allowance to your bosom's truth. Shakesp. 
 
 3. A kind of sweet wine. 
 Score a pint of bastard.-^. 
 
 Then your brown bastard is your only drink. Shah. 
 Ba'stard. adj. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. Begotten out of wedlock; illegitimate. 
 Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy, insensible, 
 
 a getter of more bastard children than war's a de- 
 stroyer of men. Shahtsp. 
 
 2. Spurious; not genuine; supposititious; 
 false ; adulterate. In this sense, any thing 
 which beai'ssome relation or resemblance 
 to another, is called spurious or bastard. 
 
 You may partly iiope that your father got ^ im 
 not, that you are not the Jew''s daughter. — '[''hitt 
 ■were a kind tj( bastard hope indeed. Shaktsp. 
 
 Men wh J, under the disguise of publick guoil, 
 pursue their own designs ot power, and such bus- 
 turd honours as attend them. Temple. 
 
 Ba'stard Cedar Tree, [called guazuma 
 
 in the West Indies.] 
 To Ba'stard. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 convict of being a bastard ; to stigmatize 
 
 vnth bastardy. 
 She lived to see her brother beheaded, and her 
 
 two sons deposed from the crown, bastarded in 
 
 their blood, and cruelly' murdered. Bacmi. 
 
 To Ba'stardize. v. a. [from bastard.] 
 
 1. To convict of being a bastard. 
 
 2. To beget a bastard. 
 
 I should have been what I am, had the maiilcn- 
 liest star in the tirmament twinkled on my bos- 
 tardhhig. SfHikciji. 
 
 Bastardly, adv. [from bastard.] In 
 the manner of a bastard ; sjiuriously. 
 
 Good seed degenerates, and oft obeys 
 The soil's disease, and into cockle str'ays ; 
 1-et tlic mind's thoughts but be transpl'anted so 
 Into the body, and bastardly they grow. Omne. 
 
 Bastardy, n. s. [from bastard.] An 
 unlawful state of birth, which disables 
 Vol. I. 
 
 BAT 
 
 the bastard, both according to the laws 
 of God and man, from succeeding to an 
 inheritance. Aylijfe. 
 
 Once she slandered me with bastardy , 
 But whether I be true begot or no. 
 That still X lay upon niy mother's head. Shakesp. 
 
 In respect uf the evil consequents, the wil'c's 
 adultery is worse, as bringing bastardy into a fa- 
 mily. ^ ^ Ta\flor. 
 
 I^o more of bastardy in heirs of crowns. Pope. 
 To B.\ste. h a. participle pass, basted, or 
 bast en. [bastimner, Fr. Bazuta, in the 
 Armorick dialect, signifies to strike with 
 a stick ; from which perhaps baston a 
 stick, and all its derivatives, or collate- 
 rals, may be deduced.] 
 
 1. To beat with a stick. 
 
 Quoth she, I grant it is in vain 
 For one that's basted to feel pain ; 
 Because the pangs his hones endure 
 Contribute nothing to the cure. Hudibras. 
 
 Bastings heavy, dry, ob;use. 
 Only dulness can produce ; 
 While a little gentle jerking 
 Sets the spirits all a-working. Suift. 
 
 2. To drip butter, or any thing else, upon 
 meat as it turns upon the spit. 
 
 Sir, I think the meat wants what I have, a 
 ba.'iting. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To moisten meat on the spit by falling 
 upon it. 
 
 Tiie fat of roasted mutton falling on the birds, 
 will serve to baste them, and so save time and 
 butter. _ Su'il't. 
 
 4. To sew slightly, [barter, Fr. to stitch.] 
 
 B.iSTIN.VDE. ) ri , J r 1 
 
 jy , \ n. s. \bastonnade. Fr.] 
 
 Bastinado. ) ^ ^ 
 
 \. The act of beating with a cudgel; the 
 
 blow given with a cudgel. 
 
 But this courtesy w'as worse than a bastinado 
 to Zelmane ; so with rageful eyes she bade him 
 defend himself. Sidney. 
 
 .'\nd all tln)se harsh and rugged sounds 
 Of bastinados, cuts, and wounds. Hadihras. 
 
 2. It is sometimes taken for a Turkish 
 punishm.ent, of beating an ofTender on 
 the soles of his feet. 
 
 To Ras tina'df.. ) V. a. [from the noun ; 
 
 Tc Bastina'do. f^ l>asto7i7ier, Fr.] To 
 beat ; to treat with the bastivado. 
 
 Nick sei/cd the longer end of ihe cudgel, an.! 
 with it bct:aa to bastinado old Lewis, w ho had slunk 
 into a Corner, wailing the event of a sipmbhlc. 
 
 Arbiillinot. 
 
 Ba'stion. n. s. [bastion, Fr.] A huge 
 mass of earth, usually faced with sods, 
 sometimes with brick, rarely with stone, 
 stiuiding out from a rampart, of which 
 it is a principal part, and was anciently 
 called a bulwark. Harris. 
 
 Toward : but how i! ay there's the question ; 
 Fierce the assaidt, unanii'd the bastion. Pri^n: 
 
 B/V r. Ji. s. [bar, Sax. This word seems to 
 have given rise to a great number of 
 words in many languages ; as, huttre, Fr. 
 to beat; baton, battle, beat, battij, and 
 others. It probably signified a weapon 
 that did execution by its weight, in o]ipo- 
 sition to a sharp edge; whence ivliii Ibat 
 and brickltat.] A heavy stick or club. 
 
 A handsome bat he held. 
 On which he leaned, as one far in eld. Spenser. 
 'I'hey were filed in arm chairs^ and their bones 
 broken with bats. Jiakeimtl. 
 
 Bat. n. s. [vespertilio, the etymology un- 
 known.] An animal having the body of 
 ) a mouse and the wings of a bird ; not 
 
 BAT 
 
 v:hh feathers, but with a sort of skin 
 which is extended. It lays no eggs, but 
 brings forth its young ali\e, and suckles 
 them. It never grows tame, feeds upon 
 flies, insects, and fatty substances, such 
 as candles, oil, and cliccse ; and appears 
 only in the summer evwiings, when the 
 weather is fine. Calmtt. 
 
 When owls do cry. 
 On the baCs back 1 do tly. Shakesji. 
 
 But Ihen grew reason dark; that fair star no more 
 Could the fair forms of good and truth di'.cern ; 
 
 Bats they became who eagles were before ; 
 And this they got by their desire to learn. Davics. 
 
 Some aniiiials are placed in the middle betwi.\t 
 two kinds, as bats, which have soraethiiig of birds 
 and beasts. Locke. 
 
 Where swallows in the winter season keep. 
 And how the drow sy bat and dorm<m.se sl( ep. Gay. 
 
 Bat-Fowling. «. s. [from l:nt and fowl.] 
 A particular manner of birdcatching in 
 the night-time, while they are at roost 
 upon perches, trees, or hedges. They 
 light torches or straw, and then beat the 
 bushes : upon which the birds, flying 
 to the flames, are caught either with 
 nets, or otherwise. 
 
 You wovdd lift the moon out of her sphere, if she 
 would continue in it live weeks without changing. 
 We should so, and then go a bat-^onling. Shakes]). 
 
 Bodies iiijhted at night by tire, must have a 
 brighter lustre than by day; as sacking of cities 
 bat-fineting. Peacham. 
 
 Ba'table. adj. [from bate.] Disputable. 
 
 Batabte ground seems to be the ground Iiereto- 
 fore in question, w lu-ther it belonged to England or 
 Scotland, lying between both kingdoms. Cotcell. 
 Batch, jt. s. [from bake.] 
 
 1. The quantity of breail baked at a time. 
 The joiner puts the boards into ovens after the 
 
 batch is drawn, or lays them in a warm stable. 
 
 Mortimer's linsbandry. 
 
 2. Any quantity of any thing made at 
 once, so as to J.ave the same qualities. 
 
 Except he were of the same meal and batch. 
 
 Ben Joiison. 
 
 Ba'tchelor. See Bachelor. 
 B.vte. « s [perhaps contracted from de- 
 bate] Strife; contention; as, amake bate. 
 To Bate. i>. a. [contracted from abate.] 
 
 1. To lessen any thing ; to retrench. 
 
 Shall I bend low, and in a bondman's key, 
 With bated breath, and whisp'rine humbleness. 
 Say this.' Shakesp. Merch. of Venice. 
 
 Kur, envious at the sight, will I forbear 
 i\Iy plenteous bowl, nor bate my plenteous cheer. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To sink the price. 
 
 When the landiuilder's rent falls, he must cither 
 Iiatc tlie labourer's wages, or not employ, or not 
 ]ia\ him. Locke. 
 
 3. To lessen a demand. 
 
 Bale me some, and 1 will pav you some, and, as 
 most debtors do, promise you inlinitely. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV . 
 
 4. To cut off; to take away. 
 
 Bate but the last, and 'lis what I would say. 
 
 Dryden s Spanish rriar. 
 
 To Bate. r. w. 
 
 1. To grow less. 
 
 Bardolph, am not I fallen awav vilely since this 
 last election? Po I not fcati .? t)o I not dwindle? 
 Why my skin hangs about me like an old lady's 
 loose gown. " Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 2. To remit : with of before the thing. 
 
 Abate thy speed, and X will fcutfi/ mine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bate seems to have been once the pre 
 terite of bite, as Shakespeare uses biting 
 
 X 153
 
 BAT 
 
 fmdchion ; unless, in the following lines, 
 it may be rather deduced from beat. 
 
 Yet ilu-re the bled slaid nut, liut inly bate 
 Deep ill his flesh, and open'd wide a rcd'llo(jd gate. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Ba'teful. adj. [from bate and full.] 
 Contentious. 
 
 He knew lier haunt, and liauntcd in tlie same, 
 Alid taugllt his sheep lier sheep in food to thwart : 
 
 Whicli soon as it did hateful (picstion frame, 
 He might on knees confess his guilty part. Sidueii. 
 Ba'tement. n. s. [from abatement.] 
 Diminution : a term only used among 
 artificers. 
 
 Toaliate, is to waste apiece of stuff; instead of 
 asking how much was cut olV, carpenters ask wliut 
 batcmcnt lliat piece of stuff liail. 
 
 Moxoiis Mechanical Exercises. 
 Bath. ?i. s. [baB, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A bath is cither hot or cold, either of art 
 or nature. Artificial baths have been in 
 great esteem with the ancients, especially 
 in complaints to be relieved by revulsion, 
 as in\eterate headaches, by opening the 
 pores of the feet, and also in cutaneous 
 cases. ]5ut the modern practice has great- 
 est recourse to the natural baths; most 
 of which abound with a mineral sulphur, 
 as appears from their turning silver and 
 copper blackish. The cold baths are the 
 most convenient springs, or reservatories, 
 of cold watertowashin, which theancients 
 had in great esteem ; and the present age 
 can produce abundance of noble cures 
 performed by them. Qiiincy. 
 
 Wliy may not the cold hath, into which they 
 plunged themselves, have had some share in their 
 cure? Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. A state in which great outward heat is 
 applied to the body, for the mitigation of 
 pain, or any other purpose. 
 
 In the lieight of this Ijal'i, when 1 was more 
 than half siewed in grease like a Dutch dish, to be 
 thrown into the Thames. 
 
 Shaliesp. Merry Wives oj Windsor. 
 ' Sleep, 
 The birlh of each day's life,sore labour's hath, 
 Balm of hurt mii:ds. Sliakes]}. Macbeth. 
 
 3. In chymistry, it generally signifies a 
 vessel of water, in which another is placed 
 that requires a softer heat than the naked 
 fire. Balneum Maricc is a mistake for 
 balneum marls, a sea or water bath. A 
 sand heat is sometimes called balneum 
 siccum, or cincreum. Qiiincy. 
 
 We see that the water of things distilled in wa- 
 ter, which they called the hath, dllfereth not much 
 from the water of Uihigs distilled by fire. 
 
 Bacons Xatural Historp. 
 
 4. A sort of Hebrew measure, containing 
 the tenth part of an homer, or seven gal- 
 lonsand four pints, as a measure forthings 
 liquid ; and three pecks and three jjints, 
 as a measure for thmgs dry. Calmet. 
 
 Ten acres of vineyard shall yield one huth ,and the 
 seed of an homer shall yield anephah. Isaiah v. 10. 
 
 To Bathe, r. a. [banian, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To wasli, as in a bath. 
 
 Others on silver lakes and rivers bath'd 
 Their downy breasts. Mdlon's Faradise Lost. 
 
 Chancing to 6ot/ie himself in the river Cydnus, 
 through the excessive coldness of these waters, he 
 fell sick, near unto death, for three days. South. 
 
 2. To supple or soften by the outward 
 application of warm liquors. 
 
 B A T 
 
 Bathe them, and keep their bodies soluble the 
 while by clysters and lenitive boluses. Wisem. Stir. 
 I'll bathe your wounds in tears for my otl'ence. 
 
 Vrydcn. 
 
 3. To wash any thing. 
 
 Ph iiiieian Dido stood, 
 Fresh from her wound, her bosom huth'd in blood. 
 
 Vrud. 
 Mars could in mutual blood the centaurs bathe, 
 And Jove himself give way to Cinlhia's wrath, 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 To Bathe, v. n. To be in the water, or 
 in any resemblance of a bath. 
 
 Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds, 
 I cannot tell. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The delighted spirit 
 To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside 
 In Ihrillins regions of thick ribbed ice. Shakesp. 
 
 'I'he gallants dancing by the river side, 
 They bathe in suinmer,''and in winter slide. Waller. 
 
 But bathe, and, in imperial robes array'd. 
 Pay due devotions. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Ba'ting, or Aba'ting. prep, [tiom bate, 
 or abate. This word, though a paiti- 
 ciple in itself, seems often used as a 
 preposition.] Except. 
 The king, your brother, could not choose an 
 advocate, 
 \Vhom I would sooner hear on any subject, 
 Bating thai only one, his love, than yo'u. Bowe. 
 If we consider children, we have little reason to 
 think that they bring jnany ideas with them, bat- 
 i;io-, perhaps, some faint ideas of hunger and thirst. 
 
 Locke. 
 Ba'tlet. ji. s. [from bat.] A square piece 
 of wood, with a handle, used in beating 
 linen when taken out of the buck. 
 
 I remember the kissing of her battel, and the 
 
 cow's dugs that her pretty chopt hands had 
 
 milked. Shake.ipcare. 
 
 Bato'on. n. s. [buston, or baton, Fr. 
 
 formerly spelt baston.] 
 
 1 . A staff or club. 
 
 We came close to the shore, and offered to land ; 
 but straightwavs we saw divers of the people with 
 bnstom in their'hands, as it were, forbidding us to 
 land. Bacon's Nao Atalantis. 
 
 That does not make a man the worse. 
 Although his shoulders with hatoon 
 Be claw'd and cudgell'd to some tune. Hudihras. 
 
 2. A truncheon or marshal's staff'; a badge 
 of military honour. 
 
 Ba'ttailous. adj. [from battaille, Fr.] 
 Having the appearance of a battle; 
 warlike ; with a military appearance. 
 
 He started up, and did himself prepare 
 In sun-bright arms and hattuilmts array. Fairfax. 
 The French came foremost, battailous and bold. 
 
 Favfax. 
 A fiery region, stretch'd 
 In battailous aspect, anil nearer view 
 Bristled with upright beams innumerable 
 Of rigid spears and helmets throng'd. Milton. 
 
 Batta'lia. n. s. battaglia, Ital.] 
 
 1. The order of battle. 
 
 Next morning the king put liis army into bat- 
 talia. 'Clarendon. 
 
 2. The main body of an army in array, 
 distinguished from the wings. 
 
 Batta'lion. n. s. [bataillon, Fr.] 
 1. A division of an army ; a troop; a body 
 of forces. It is now confined to the in- 
 fantry, and the number is uncertain, but 
 generally from five to eight hundred 
 men. Some regiments consist of one 
 battalion, and others are divided into 
 two, three, or more. 
 
 When sorrows come, they come not single spies, 
 But in battalions. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 In this battalion there were two oflicers, called 
 Thersites and Pandarus, Taller. 
 
 BAT 
 
 The pierc'd battalions disunited fall 
 In heaps on heaps : one fate o'erwhelms thein ali. 
 
 Popt. 
 
 2. An army. This sense is not now in use. 
 
 Six or seven thousand is their utmost power. 
 — 'Why, our battalion trebles that account. Shak. 
 
 To Batten, v. a. [a word of doubtful 
 etymology.] 
 
 1. To fatten, or make fat ; to feed plen- 
 
 teously. 
 
 We drove afield, 
 Batt'nin" our flocks with the fresh dews of night. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. To fertilize. 
 
 The meadows here, with batt'ning ooze eniich'd. 
 Give sjiirit to the grass ; three cubits high 
 The jointed herbage shoots. Philips. 
 
 To Ba'tten. v. n. To grow fat; to live 
 in indulgence. 
 
 Follow your function, go and iratten on cold bits. 
 
 Shcdicsp. 
 
 Burnish'd and batt'ning on their food, to show 
 Tlie diligence of careful herds below. Dryden. 
 
 The lazy glutton safe at home will keep. 
 Indulge Ills sloth, and batten on his sleep. Dryden. 
 
 As at full length the pamper'd monarch lay, 
 Batt'ning in ease, and slumb'ring life away. Garth. 
 
 'I'way mice, full blytlie and amicable, 
 BaHeri'beside crle R'obert's table. Prior. 
 
 While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. 
 Or batt'ning hogs roll in the sinking mire. 
 
 Gay's PastoraU. 
 
 Ba'tten. n. s. A word used only by 
 
 workmen. 
 
 A batten is a scantling of wood, two. three, or 
 four inches iDroad, seldom above one thick, and 
 the length unlimited. Monyn. 
 
 To BAITER. V. a. [battre, to beat, Fr.] 
 
 1. To beat; to beat down; to shatter: 
 frequently used of walls thrown down 
 by artillery, or of the violence of engines 
 
 of war. 
 
 To appoint battering rams against the gates, to 
 cast a mount, and to build a fort Ezekiei. 
 
 "These haughty words of hers 
 Have battcr'd melike roaring cannon shot. 
 And made me almost yield upon my knees. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Britannia there, the fort in vain 
 Had battcr'd been with golden rain : 
 Thunder itself had fail'd to pass. _ _ Waller. 
 
 Be then the naval stores the nation's care, 
 New ships to build, and batter'd to repair. Dryden. 
 
 2. To wear with beating. 
 
 Crowds to the castle mounted up the street, 
 Batt'rine the pavement with their coursers feet. 
 
 * ^ Dryden. 
 
 If you have a silver saucepan for the kitchen 
 use, let me advise you to hatter it well ; this will 
 shew constant good housekeeping. 
 
 Swiji's Directions to the Look. 
 
 3. Applied to persons, to weai- out with 
 service. 
 
 The batter'd veteran strumpets here 
 Pretend at least tc bring a modest ear. Southern. 
 
 I am a poor old battered fellow, and I would 
 willingly end my days in peace. 
 
 ^r()i((/iiio('s History of John Bull. 
 
 As the same dame, experienc'd in her trade. 
 By names of toasts retails each batter'd jade. 
 
 •' Pirpe. 
 
 To Ba'tter. v. n. A word used only by 
 workmen. 
 
 The side of a wall, or any timber, that bulges 
 from its bottom or foundation, is said to batter. 
 
 Moxon. 
 
 Ba'tter. n. s. [from To batter.] A 
 mixture of several ingredients beaten 
 together with some liquor; so called 
 from its beint; so much beaten. 
 
 One would have all things little, hence has try'd 
 jrkcy poults fresli from tli' egg m baiter fry d . 
 
 King. 
 
 Turkey po 
 
 154
 
 BAT 
 
 Ba'ttkrer. n. s. [from batter.] He that 
 
 batters. 
 Battery, n. s. [from batter, or batterie, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of battering-. 
 
 Strong wars they make, and cruel bntterii bend, 
 'Gainst sort of reason, it to overthrow, t'uiry Q. 
 
 Eartlily minds, like mud walls, resist the strong- 
 est baitcrics. ^ Locke. 
 
 2. The instruments with which a town is 
 battered, j)laced in order for action ; a 
 line of cannon. 
 
 Where is best place to make our hatt'ry ne\t ? — 
 — I tliink at the nortli gate. Shahesp. Henry \l. 
 
 It plants this reasoning and that argument, this 
 consetiuence and that distinction, like so many in- 
 tellectual batteries, till at length it forces a way 
 and passage into the obstinate inclosed truth. South. 
 ' Sec, and revere th' artillery of heav'n. 
 Drawn hy the gale, or by the tempest driven : 
 A dreadful tire the floating batt'ries make, 
 O'erturn the momitain, and the forest shake. 
 
 Btuckmore. 
 
 3. The frame, or raised work, upon which 
 cannons are mounted. 
 
 4. [Inlaw.] A violent striking of any man. 
 In an action against a striker, one may be 
 found guilty of the assault, yet acquit- 
 ted of the battery. There may therefore 
 be assault without battery ; but battery 
 always implies an assault. Chambers. 
 
 Why does he sutler this rude knave now to 
 knock" him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, 
 and will not tell him of his action and baherxi? 
 
 SEakesp. 
 Sir, quo* the lawyer, not to flatter ye, 
 You have as good and fair a batterii 
 As heart can wish, and need not shame 
 The proudest man alive to claim. Hudibras. 
 
 Ba'ttish. adj. [from bat.] Resembling 
 a bat. 
 To be out late in a battish humour. 
 
 Gentleman histrueted. 
 
 B.\TTLE. K. s. [bataiUe, Tr.] 
 i. A fight; an encounter between oppo- 
 site armies. We generally say a battle 
 of many, and a combat of two. 
 
 The EnL'lish army, that divided was 
 Into two parts, is now conjoiu'd in one ; 
 And means to give you battle presently. Shakesp, 
 
 The battle dune, and they within our power. 
 She'll never see liis pardon. Shakeqt. 
 
 The race is not to the swift, nor the baule to 
 the strong. Ecclts. 
 
 So they Joined battle, and the heathen being 
 riiscomtited fled into the plain. 1 Maaabces. 
 
 2. A body of forces, or division of an 
 army. 
 
 The king divided his army into three battles ; 
 w hereof tlie vanguard only, with wings, came to 
 fight- _ Baton. 
 
 3. The maip body, as distinct from the 
 van and rear. 
 
 Angus led the avant-guard, himself followed 
 with the battle a good distance behind, and after 
 came the arricr. Haynard. 
 
 4. We say to join battle ; to give battle. 
 Tu Ba'ttle. v. n. [batailler, Fr.] To 
 
 join battle ; to contend in fight. 
 ,- ,!^'* "Ufs by craft and by surprize to gain : 
 J'is yours to meet in arms, and battle in the plain. 
 
 HT Prior. 
 
 \\ e receive accounts of ladies battling it on both 
 "°p- ^ Addison. 
 
 I own, he hates an action base, 
 His viitues battling witli his place. Swift 
 
 Battle-array, n. s. [See Battle 
 and Array.] Array, or order, of 
 battle. 
 Two parties of fine women, placed hi the op- 
 
 B A W 
 
 positc side boxes, seemed drawn up in battle-arrav 
 one against another. Addison. 
 
 15a'ttle-Axe. v. s. a weapon used 
 
 anciently, probably the same with a bill. 
 
 Certain tinners, as they were working, found 
 
 spear heads, battle-ares, and swords of copper, 
 
 wrapped in linen clouts. Carew. 
 
 Ba'ttledoor. n. s. [so called from door, 
 taken for a flat board, and battle, or 
 strikins^.] An instrument with a handle 
 and a flat board, used in play to strike a 
 ball or shuttlecock. 
 
 Play-things, which are above their skill, as tojis, 
 gigs, battledoori,, and the like, which are to be 
 used with labour, should indeed be procured them. 
 
 /.dc/ce. 
 Ba'ttlement. n. s. [generally supposed 
 to be formed from battle, as the parts 
 from whence a building is defended 
 against assailants ; perhaps only cor- 
 rupted from bdtimctit, Fr.] A wall raised 
 round the top of a building, with embra- 
 sures, or interstices, to look through, to 
 to annoy an enemy. 
 And ii.\'d his head upon our battle7ncnts. 
 
 Shakesj}eaie's Macbeth. 
 
 Thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that 
 
 thou bring not blood upon thy house, if any man 
 
 fall. Deuteronomy. 
 
 Through this we pass 
 Up to tlie highest battlement, from whence 
 The Trojans threw their darts. Denham. 
 
 Tiieir standard, planted on the battlement. 
 Despair and death among the soldiers sent. Drtjd. 
 
 No, I shan't envy him, whoe'er he be, 
 Tiiat stands upon the battlements of state ; 
 I'd rather be secure than trreat. Xorris. 
 
 The weighty mallet deals resounding blows. 
 Till the proud battlements her tow'rs inclose. Gaij. 
 
 Ba'tty. adj. [from bat.] Belonging to 
 a bat.] 
 
 ■Till o'er their brows death, counterfeiting sleep, 
 With leaden legs and batty wings doth creep. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'varoy. n. s. A kind of cloak or 
 surtout. 
 
 Let the loop'd bavaroy the fop embrace, 
 Or his deep cloak be spatter'd o'er with lace. Gau. 
 
 Baubee'. n. s. A word used in Scotland, 
 and the northern counties, for a half- 
 penny. 
 
 Tho' in the dra^v'rs of my japan bureau. 
 To lady Gripeail I the Cas'saVs show, 
 'Tis equal to her ladyship or me 
 A copper Otlio, or a" Scotch baubee. 
 
 Bramst. Man of Taste. 
 Ba'vin. w. s. [of uncertain derivation.] A 
 stick like those bound up in faggots; a 
 piece of waste wood. 
 
 He rambled up and down 
 "With shallow jesters and rash bavin wits. 
 Soon kindled, and soon burnt. .Shakesp. Henry TV. 
 
 For moulded to the life in clouts 
 Th' have pick'd from dunghills thereabouts. 
 He's mounted on a hazel bavin, 
 A crop'd malignant baker nave liim. Hudibras. 
 The truncheons make billet, bavin, and coals. 
 
 Mortima-. 
 
 To Baulk. See Balk. 
 
 Ba'wble. n. s. [Baubcllum, in barbai-ous 
 Latin, signified a jewel, or any thing 
 valuable, but not necessary. Omnia 
 baubella sua dedit Ollioni. Hoveden. 
 Probably from beau, Fr.] A gewgaw; 
 a trifling piece of finery; a tiling of 
 more show than use ; a trifle. It is in 
 general, whether applied to persons or 
 things, a term of contempt. 
 
 B A W 
 
 She iiaunts me in every place. I was on the 
 sea bank with some Venetians, and ihilher comes 
 the bauble, and falls me tlius about my neck. 
 
 Shahespearei Othello. 
 It is a paltry cap, 
 A custard C(>lTin, a hau-hle, a silken pie. Sbahcm. 
 If, in our contest, we do not interchange useful 
 notions, we sliall tralhck toys and Imicbles. 
 
 Govenimenl i^ the Tongue. 
 This shall be writ to fright the fry away, 
 W'ho draw their little bangles, when they*^]>Iav. 
 
 iJrvden. 
 
 A lady'swatch needs neither figures nor wheels ; 
 
 'Tis enough that 'tis loaded with buKbles and seals. 
 
 Prior. 
 Our author then, to please you in your way. 
 Presents yon now a babble of a play. 
 In ginglitig rhyme. " Granrille. 
 
 A prince, the moment he is crown'd. 
 Inherits every virtue round, 
 .'Vs emblems of the so\ ercii^u pow'r. 
 Like other baufdes of the Tow r. Suift. 
 
 Ba'wbling. adj. [from bau-ble.] Trifling; 
 contemptible: a word not now in use, 
 except in conversation. 
 
 A hau-bling vessel was he cajitain of. 
 For shallow draught and bulk unprized ; 
 With which such scalhful grapple did he make. 
 With the most noble bottom of our fleet. Shakesp. 
 
 Ba'wcock. II. s. [perhaps from beau, or 
 baude and cock.] A familiar word, 
 ■which seems to signify the same as Jine 
 fellow. 
 
 Vs'Uy, how now, mv &(/ttc-'c^.' how dost thou, 
 chuck'? .ihakespcure's Tuelj'th 'Sight. 
 
 BAWD. n. s. [baude. old Fr.] A pro- 
 curer, or procuress; one that introduces 
 men and women to each other, for the 
 promotion of debauclierj'. 
 
 If your worship will take order for the drabs 
 and the knaves, you need not to fear the batvds. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 This commodity. 
 This baml, this broker, this all-changing word. 
 Hath drawn hhu from his own determin d aid. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Our author calls colouring Icna sororis, the bawd 
 
 of her sister design ; she dresses her up, she paints 
 
 her, she procures for the design, and makes lovers 
 
 for her. Dryden. 
 
 To Bawd. i'. n. [from the noun.] To 
 procure ; to provide gallants with strum- 
 pets. 
 
 Leucippe is agent for the king's lust, and bauyis, 
 at the same time, for the whole coiut. Addison. 
 
 And in finir months a hatter'd harridan ; 
 Now nothing's left, but wither'd, pale, and 
 
 shrunk. 
 To bawd for others, and go shares with punk. 
 
 Su-ift. 
 
 B a'w u I ly . adv. [from bawdy.] Obscenely. 
 
 Ba'wdixess. 
 
 sceneness. 
 Ba'wdrick. 
 
 belt. 
 
 Fresh garlands too the virgins temples crown'd ; 
 
 The youfhs tiilt swords wore at their thighs, with 
 
 silver baudricks bound. Chapman's Iliad. 
 
 Ba'wdry. 71. s. [contracted from bawdery, 
 the practice of a bawd.] 
 
 1. A wicked practice of procuring and 
 bringing whores and rogues togetlier. 
 
 ^lyliJTe. 
 
 Cheating and baudry go together in tJie world. 
 
 L'Lstrange. 
 
 2. Obscenity ; unchaste language. 
 Pr'vtliee say on ; he's for a jig, or a talc of 
 
 btmdrut or he sleeps. Shakesuearcs Hamkt. 
 
 1 have no salt : no hawdru he dotn mean : 
 For witty, in his language, is obsceue» 
 
 Ben Jofison. 
 
 155 
 
 71. s. [from bawdy.] Ob- 
 n. s. [See Baldrick.] A
 
 BAY 
 
 It is most certain, that barefaced bawdru is llic 
 poorest preteucc to wit imaginable. iJrydin. 
 
 Ba'wdy. adj. [from batvdJ] Obscene; un- 
 chaste : r^enerally a])pliecl to language. 
 
 Tin- haivdif uiiul lliat kisses all it meets. 
 Is hush'd wtihiii th^^ hollow mineof eartli, 
 And will not hear "t. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Only they, 
 That come to hear a merry bawdy play. 
 Will be deceiv'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Not one poor bawdy jf^^t shall dare appear ; 
 For now the baiter'tl veteran strumpets here 
 Pretend at least to bring a modest car. SoiUhcm. 
 
 Bawdy-house, n. s. A house where 
 traffick is made b}'' wickedness and 
 debauchery. 
 
 Has the pope lately shut up tiic bawdy-houses, or 
 does he continue to lay a tax upon sin ? DennU. 
 
 To Bawl. v. m. [bah, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To hoot ; to cry with great vehemence, 
 whether for joy or pain. A word al- 
 ways used in contempt. 
 
 They fcau7 for freedom in their senseless mood, 
 And still revolt, when truth would set them free. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To cry the cause up heretofore. 
 And bawl the bishops out of door. Hudibras. 
 
 Through the tiiick shades th' eternai scribbler 
 bawls. 
 And shakes the statues on their pedestals. Drylcn. 
 
 From his lov'd home no lucre him can draw j 
 The senate's mad decrees he never saw, 
 Nor heard at bawling bars corrupted law. Drydcn. 
 
 Loud menaces were heard, and foul disgrace, 
 And bawling infamy, in language base, 
 Till sense was lust ui sound, aud silence fled tlic 
 place. Driidcn's FahUs. 
 
 So on the tuneful Margarita's tongue 
 The lisl'nino nymphs aud ravish'd heroes hung ; 
 But cits ana flips the heav'n-born musick blame, 
 And bawl, and hiss, and damn her into fame. Smith. 
 
 I iiave a race of orderly elderly people, who 
 can bawl when I am deaf, ;in'l tread softly when 1 
 am only giddy and would sleep. Swijt. 
 
 2. To cry as a froward child. 
 
 A little child was bawling, and a woman chiding 
 it. L'Kslraiige. 
 
 If they were never suffered to have what they 
 cried for, they would never, with bawling and 
 peevishness, contend for mastery. Jjocke. 
 
 My husband took him in, a dirty boy ; it was 
 flie business of the servants to attend him, the 
 rogue did bawl aud make such a noise. 
 
 Arhiithjwt's History of John Bull. 
 
 To Bawl. v. a. To proclaim as a crier. 
 
 It grieved me when 1 saw labours, which had 
 cost so much, tawied about by common hawkers. 
 
 Su'ift. 
 
 Ba'wrel. n. s, A kind of hawk. Diet. 
 Ba'wsin. w. s. a badger. Diet, 
 
 .Bay. adj. [badiits, Lai.] 
 
 A bay horse is what is inclining to a chesmit ; 
 aud this colour is various, either a light bay or a 
 dark bau, according as it is less or more deep. 
 1 here are also coloured horses, that are called 
 dappled bays. All bau horses are commonly called 
 brown by the common people. 
 
 All ba\f horses have black manes, which distin- 
 guish them from the sorrel, that have red or while 
 manes. 
 
 There are light /mys and gilded &ai;s, which are 
 somewhat of a yellowish colour. The chesnut 
 fcay is tliat which comes nearest to the colour of 
 the chesiuit. Farrier's Diet 
 
 RIv lord, you gave good words tlie other day of 
 a 6rtv courser I rode on. 'Tis yours because vou 
 liked it. ■ Shakesp. 
 
 Poor Tom ! proud of heart to ride on a bay trot- 
 ting horse over four inch'd bridges. Sliakesp. 
 
 His colour grey. 
 For beauty dappled, or tfie brightest bay. Dryd. 
 BAY. n. i. [baj/e, Dutch.] 
 H. An opf-ning into the land, where the 
 water is shut in on all sides, except at 
 the entrance. 
 
 BAY 
 
 A reverend Syvacusan merchant. 
 Who put unluckily into this hai/. Shake^. 
 
 ^Ve have alsu some works in tiie midst of liie 
 sea, and soMie hays unon the sliore for some works, 
 wherein is required tlie air and vapour of the sea. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Hail, sacred solitude ! from this calm bay 
 I view the world's tenipestiious sea. Ii4)SCvmmon. 
 
 Here in a royal bed the waters sleep. 
 When lir'd ut sea, within this bay they creep. Dryd. 
 
 Some of you liave hau. Druili^n. 
 
 2. A pond head raised to keep in store of 
 
 water for drivinj^ a mill. 
 Bay. n. s. .[abhoi, Fr. signifies the last 
 extremity; as, Innocence est au.r abbohis. 
 Boileau. Innocence is in the utmost di.i- 
 tress. It is taken from ahboi, the bark- 
 ing of a dog at hand, and thence signified 
 the condition of a stag when the hounds 
 were almost upon him.] 
 
 1. The state of any thing surrounded by 
 enemies, and obliged to face them by an 
 impossibility of escape. 
 
 This ship, for fifteen hours, sate like a sta^ 
 among hounds at the bay, and was sieged and 
 fought with, iu turn, by fifteen great ships. 
 
 Bacon s War i^itk Spain. 
 
 Fair liberty, pursued and meant a prey 
 To lawless power, here turu'd, and stooti at fin i/. 
 
 Denhom. 
 
 Nor flight was left, nor hojies to force his way ; 
 Embolden'd by despair, he stood at bay; 
 Kesolv'd on death, he dissipates his fears. 
 And bounds aloft against the pointed spears. DraiL 
 
 2. Some writers, perhaps mistaking the 
 meaning, have used bai/ as referred to 
 the assailant, for distance beyond which 
 no approach could be made. 
 
 AH, fir'd with noble emulation, strive ; 
 And with a storm of darts to distance drive 
 The Tvojau chief; wIk), held at fi;(y, from far 
 On his \'ulcauian orb siistain'd tiie war. VryJcn. 
 
 We have now, for ten years together,' tiirned 
 the vvltole force and expence of the war, where the 
 enemy w'as best able to hold us at a bay. Sti-iji. 
 Bay. n. s. In architecture, a term used to 
 signify the magnitude of a building ; as, 
 if a barn consists ofa floor and twoheads, 
 where they laj' corn, they call it a barn 
 of two bai/s. These b/it/s are from 
 fourteen to twenty feet long, and floors 
 from ten to twelve broad, and usually 
 twenty feet long, which is the breadth 
 of the barn. Duildir's Dirt. 
 
 If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll rent the 
 fairest house in it after three'pencc a ban. Sliahcsp. 
 
 There may he kc^ttone thoiis,*uid bushels in each 
 bay, there lieing sixteen baya, each eighteen feet 
 long, about seventeen wide, or three hundred 
 square feet in each hay. Mortimer. 
 
 B.4Y Tree, [faurus, Lat.] The tree, as is 
 generally thought, which is translated 
 lanrel, and of which honorary garlands 
 were anciently made. 
 
 I have seen tlie wicked in great power, and 
 spreading himself like a green bay tree. Fsabns. 
 Bay. n. s. A poetical name foran honorary 
 crown or garland, bestowed as a prize 
 for any kind of victory or excellence. 
 Beneath his reign shall Eusdenwear the 6a]/s. Pope. 
 To Bay. v. n. [abboyer, Fr.] 
 1. To bark as a dog at a thief, or at the 
 game which he pursues. 
 
 And all the while she stood upon the ground. 
 The wakeful dogs did never cease to bati. Fairy Q. 
 
 The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely baya; 
 The hunter close pursued the visionary maid ; 
 She rent the heav q with loud laments, imploring 
 aid. Drydcn's Fables. 
 
 B E 
 
 2. [From bay, an inclosed place.] To en- 
 compass about ; to shut in. 
 
 We are at the stake. 
 And h.iy'd about witli many enemies. Shahesp. 
 To Bay. r. a. To follow with barking ; 
 to bark at. 
 
 1 was with Hercules and Cadmus once. 
 When in the wood of Crete they bay^d the boar 
 With hounds of Sparta. Shakctp. 
 
 If he should do so. 
 He leaves his back unann'd, the French and Weicli 
 Bayiii'^ him at the heels. Sbaktap. 
 
 Bay Suit. Salt made of sea water, which 
 receives its consistence from the heat of 
 the sun, and is so called from its brown 
 colour. By letting the sea water into 
 square pits or basons, its surface being 
 struck and agitated by the rays of the 
 sun, it thickens nt first imperceptibly, and 
 becomes covered over with a slight crust, 
 which hardeningbytliecontinuance of the 
 heat, is wholly converted into salt. 1 he 
 water in this condition is scalding hot. and 
 the crystallization is perfected in eight, 
 ten, or at most fifteen days. Ckumb. 
 
 All eruptions f»f air, though small and slight, 
 give sound, whicli we call crackiiug, putfing, spit- 
 ting, Sec. as in bay salt and bay leaves, cast intu 
 fire. Bacon. 
 
 Bay Windnip. A window jutting out- 
 ward, and therefore forming a kind of 
 b;ty or hollow in the room. 
 It hath bay leindous transparent as barricadoes. 
 
 tbake^f 
 
 Bay Yarn. A denomination somi^times 
 used promiscuously with woollen yarn. 
 
 C/inmb. 
 
 i-'A'YARD. n. s. [from bai/.'\ A bay horse. 
 Blind bayard moves the mill. Fliilips 
 
 Ba'yonet. n. s [bayonctte, Fr.] A short 
 sword or dagger fixed at the end of a 
 musket, by which the foot hold off the 
 horse. 
 
 One of the black spots is long and slender, and 
 resembles a dagger or baionel. Woodward. 
 
 Bayze. See Baize^ 
 
 BDELLIUM, n. s. [Bh?J.io,; rrb'^2i 
 An aromatick gum brought from the Le- 
 vant, used as a medicine, and a perfume. 
 BdelUtim ismentionedboth bytheancient 
 naturaUsts, and in Scripture ; but it is 
 doubtful whether an}' of these be the 
 same with the modern kind. Chamb. 
 This bdellium is a tree of the bigness of an olive, 
 whereof Arabia hath grctt plenty, which yieldeth 
 a certain gum, sweet to .smell ti>, but bitter ia 
 taste, called also hdellium. The Hebrews lake the 
 loadstone for bdellium. Raleigh. 
 
 To BE. II. n. [This word is so remarkably 
 irregular, that it is necessary to set down 
 many of its terminations. 
 
 Present. / am, thou art, he is, we are, &c. 
 eom, eafit, ip. apon, Sas. 
 *- / teas, thou wast or wert, 
 
 Preter ' P""!"' P*''*' 
 
 ' S he ivas, we were, &c. 
 
 ' pap, pa?pon, Sax. 
 
 The conjunctive mood. 
 
 / be, thou bcest, he be, we be, &c. 
 
 beo, bipt, bio, been. Sax.] 
 
 1. To have some certain state, condition, 
 
 quality, or accident ; as, the man is wise. 
 
 156
 
 B E A 
 
 Seventy senators died 
 Ev their proscripliuns, Cicero bein^ one. ShaKcsp. 
 "He liath to-uigiit btCH in unusual pleasure. 
 
 Shakesj), 
 Be what thou hop'sl to he, or what thou art, 
 Resign to death, it is not worth enjoying. Sltakcsji. 
 
 Be but about 
 To say she is a goodly lady, and 
 The justice of your iiearts will add thereto, 
 'Tis pity she ts'not honest, hun.)urable. Shahrfj). 
 Let tlieni shew the former things what they Ix 
 that we may consider ihem. L./.u^i. 
 
 Tiierefore be sure, 
 Thou, when the bridegroom with his feasfful 
 
 friends 
 Passes to bliss at the mid hour of iiight, 
 Hast gain'd thy entrance, virgin wise and pure. 
 
 Milton. 
 It is not easy to discern what such men would 
 be at. Stillingjicel . 
 
 To say a man lias a clear idea of quantity, with- 
 out knowing how great it is, is to say, he has the 
 clear idea of the number of tlie sauds, who knows 
 not how many they be. Locke. 
 
 2. It is the auxiliary verb by which the 
 verb passive is formed. 
 
 The wine of life is drawn, and the meer lees 
 Is left this vault to brag of. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To exist; to have existence. 
 
 The times have been, 
 
 That when the brains were out the man would 
 
 die. MticbelJi. 
 
 Here cease, ye pow'rs, and Jet your vengeance 
 
 end, 
 
 Troy is no more, and can no more otlend. Dryden. 
 
 All th' impossibilities, which poets 
 Count to extravagance of loose description, 
 Shall sooner be. Bou^c. 
 
 To be, contents his natural desire ; 
 He asks no angel's \\in2, nor seraph's fire. Pope. 
 
 4. To have sometliing by appointment or 
 rule. 
 
 If all political power be derived only from 
 Adam, and.te to descend only to his successive 
 heirs, by the ordinance of God, and divine insti- 
 tution, this is a riglu antecedent and paramount to 
 all government. Locke. 
 
 5. Let BE. Do not meddle with ; leave 
 untouched. 
 
 Im be, said he, my prey. Drifden. 
 
 BEACH, n. s. The shore, particularly 
 tliat part that is dashed by the waves ; 
 the strand. 
 
 The fishermen, that walk upon the beach. 
 Appear like mice. Sbaheiip. King Lear. 
 
 Deep to the rocks of hell the gather'd beach 
 They fasten'd, and the mole immense wrought on 
 Over th.e framing deep. MUton. 
 
 They lind the washed amber further out upon 
 the bcciches and shores, w here it has been longer 
 exposed. Woodn-a'rd. 
 
 Be'ached. adj. [from beach.] Exposed 
 to the waves. 
 
 Timen hath made his everlasting mansion 
 Upon the beached verge of the salt Hood ; 
 \yinch, once a day, «~ith his embossed frolh 
 The turbvilent suriie shall cover. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'achy. adj. [from beac/i.] Having 
 beaches. 
 
 The beachy girdle of the ocean 
 Too wide for Neptune's hips. Shakesp 
 
 Be'acon. n. s. [beacon, Sax. from been 
 a signal, and becnan, whence beckon, to 
 make a signal.] 
 1. Something raised on an eminence, to be 
 fired on the approach of an enemy, to 
 alarm the country. 
 
 His blazing eyes, like two bright shining shields, 
 Dul burn with wrath, and sparEled living fire ; 
 As two broad beacons set in open fields 
 Send forth their Barnes. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Modest doubt is call'd 
 The beacon of the wise. Shakesp. 
 
 B E A 
 
 ' Tlie king seemed to account of Perkin as a 
 Mav-game ; yet had given order for the watching 
 of heiie<ms upon the coasts, and erectuig more 
 where tiiey stood too thin. Bacon. 
 
 No tlaniiiig hcacoiL'i cast their blaze afar. 
 The dreadt'ul si:.'nal of invasive war. Got/. 
 
 2. iMarks erected, or lights made in the 
 night, to direct navigators in tlieir cour- 
 ses and warn them from rocks, shallows, 
 and sandbanks. 
 
 Bead. n.s. [beaoe prayer. Saxon.] 
 
 1. Small globes or balls of glass or pearl, 
 or other substance, strung upon a thread, 
 and used by the Romanists to count 
 th-sir prayers ; from whence the phrase 
 to telt beads, or to be at one's btads, is 
 to be at prayer. 
 
 That ased dame, the lady of the place, 
 \Vho all this while was busy at her beads. 
 
 Fairy Qnecn. 
 
 Thy voice T seem in every hymn to hear, 
 "With ev'ry bead 1 drop too* soft a tear. Pope. 
 
 2. Little balls worn about the neck for 
 ornament. 
 
 With scarfs and fans, and double charge of 
 brav'ry. 
 With amber bracelets, beads, and all such knav'ry. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Any globular bodies. 
 
 Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war. 
 That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Several yellow lumps of amber, almost Viiie beads. 
 with one side flat, had fastened themselves to the 
 bottom. Boyle. 
 
 Bead Tree, [azedarach.'] A plant. 
 
 Be'adle. n. s. [bybel. Sax. a messenger; 
 bedcau, Fr. bedel. Span, bedelle, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . A messenger or servitor belonging to a 
 court. Courll. 
 
 2. A petty officer in parishes, whose busi- 
 ness it is to punish petty offenders. 
 
 A dog's obey'd in office. 
 Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand : 
 Why dost thou lash that whore .' Shakesp. 
 
 _ T'hey ought to bo taken care of in this condi- 
 tion, either by the beadle or the magistrate. 
 
 Spectator. 
 Their common loves a lewd abandon'd pack, 
 The beadle's lash still flagrant on tlieir back. Prior. 
 
 Be'adroll. n. s. [from bead and roll.] A 
 catalogue of those who are to be men- 
 tioned at prayers. 
 
 The king, for the better credit of his espials 
 abroad, did use to have them cursed by name 
 amongst the beadroU of the king's encniies." 
 
 Bacons Henry \ll. 
 Be'adsman. n. s. [from bead and man.] 
 A man employed in praying, generally 
 in praying for another. 
 
 An holy hospital. 
 In which seven beadstnen, that had vowed all 
 Their life to service of high heaven's king. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 In thy danger. 
 Commend thy grievance to iiiv holy prayer ; 
 For I will be thy beadsman, Valentine. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'agle. v. s. [bigle, Fr.] A small hound 
 with which hares are hunted. 
 
 The rest were various huntings. 
 The graceful goddess was array'd in green ; 
 About her feet were little beagles seen. 
 That watch'd with upward eyes the motions of 
 their i|Uceo. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 To plains with well-bred beadles we repair. 
 And trace the mazes of the circling hare. Pope. 
 
 BEAK. n. s. [ber, Fr. /?)>, Welsh.] 
 1. The bill or horny mouth of a bird. 
 
 B E A 
 
 His royal bird 
 Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his beak. 
 As when ids god is [ileas d. Shakerp. Cumbeline. 
 
 He saw the ravens with their liornv beaks 
 Foo<l to Elijah bringing. MiUan's 'Paradise Reg. 
 
 The magpyc, lighting on the stock. 
 Stood chatt'ring with incessant din. 
 And with her beak gave many a knock, Sicift. 
 
 2. A piece of brass like a beak, fixed at 
 the end of the ancient gallies, with 
 which they pierced their enemies. It 
 can now be used only for the fore part 
 of a ship. 
 
 With boiling pitch, another near at hand. 
 From friendly Sweden brought, the seams instops; 
 A\ hich well laid o'er, the salt sea waves withstand. 
 And shake them from the rising beak iu drops. 
 
 Dnjden. 
 
 3. A beak is a little shoe, at the toe about 
 an inch long, turned up and fastened in 
 upon ihe fore-pai-t of the hoof. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 4. Any thing ending in a point like a beak; 
 as, the spout of a cup ; a prominence of 
 land. 
 
 Cuddenbeak, from a well-advanced promon- 
 tory, which entitled it beak, taketh a prospect of 
 the" river. Careir's Survey. 
 
 Braked, adj. [from beak.] Having a 
 beak ; having the form of a beak. 
 
 And question'd every gust of rugged winds, 
 That blows from oii" each beaked promontory. 
 
 'Milton. 
 
 Be'aker. n. s. [from beak.] A cup with 
 a spout in the form of a bird's beak. 
 
 --Vnd into pikes and musqueteers 
 Stanipt beakers, cups, and porringers. Hudihras. 
 
 M'ith dulcet bev rage this the beaker crown'd. 
 Fair in the midst, with gilded cups around. 
 
 Pope's Crfyssev 
 
 Beal. 71. s. \bolla, Ital.] A whelk or 
 
 pimple. 
 To Beal. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 ripen ; to gather matter, or come to a 
 
 head, as a sore does. 
 BEAM. n. s. [beam, Sax. a tree.] 
 
 1. The main piece of timber that supports 
 the house. 
 
 A beam is the largest piece of wood in a building, 
 which always lies cross the building or the walls, 
 serving to support Ihe principal rafters of the 
 roof, and into which the feet of the principal rafters 
 are framed. No building has less than two beams, 
 one at each head. Into these, tiie girders of the 
 parret flour are also framed ; and, if the building 
 ne of timber, the teazel-tenons of the posts are 
 framed. The proportions of beams, in or near 
 London, are lixcd by act of parliament. Abeam, 
 fifteen t"ect lone, must be" seven inches on one side 
 its square, and five on the other ; if it be sixteen 
 feet lone, one side must be eight inches, the other 
 si.x ; and so proportionable to their lengths. 
 
 Builder's Diet. 
 
 Tlie building of living creatures is like the 
 building of a timber house ; the walls and other 
 jiarts have coluuins and beams, but the roof is tile, 
 or lead, or stone. Bacon, 
 
 He heav'd, with more than human force, to move 
 A weighty stone, the labimr of a team. 
 And rais'cl from ilience he reacli'd the neighb'ring 
 beam. Vrijden. 
 
 2. Any large and long piece of timber: a 
 beam must have more length than thick- 
 ness, by which it is distinguisheil from a 
 block. 
 
 But Lycus, swifter. 
 Springs to the walls, and leaves his foes beliind. 
 And snatches at tlie beam he first can find. 
 
 Dryden's .l^aeid. 
 
 3. That part of a balance at the ends of 
 which tlie scales are suspended. 
 
 157
 
 B E A 
 
 , P"'se the cause in justice' equal scales, 
 
 >\ hose beam stands sure, wliose rightful cause prc- 
 
 ,. ^^ails. Shakcsp. 
 
 If the length of the sides in tlie balance, and the 
 weights at the cuds, he hoth equal, the beam will 
 he in horizontal siluation : hut if either the weh'lits 
 alone be equal, or the distances alone, the beam 
 will accordingly decline. U'ilkim. 
 
 4. The horn of a stag. 
 And taught the woods to echo to the stream 
 
 His dreadful challenge, and his clashing beam. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 5. The pole of a chariot; that piece of, 
 wooil which runs between ihe horses. 
 
 Juturna heard, and, sciz'd with mortal fear, 
 Forc'd from llie beam her brother's charioteer. 
 J Oriidcn. 
 
 6. Among weavers, a cylindrical piece of 
 wooJ belonging to the loom, on which the 
 web is gradually rolled as it is wove. 
 
 The staff of his spear n as like a weaver's beam 
 
 7. iiEAM of an Anchor. The straight 
 part or shank of an anchor, to which the 
 hooks are fastened. 
 
 E E A 
 
 8. Be.\m Compasses. A wooden or brass 
 instrument, with sliding sockets, to carry 
 several shifting points, in order to draw 
 circles with very long radii ; and useful 
 in large projections, for drawing the 
 furniture on wall dials. Harris. 
 
 S. [)-unnebeara. Sax. a ray of the sun.] The 
 ray of hght emitted from some luminous 
 body, or received by the 63-6. 
 Pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock, 
 That the precipitation miglit down stretch 
 Below the beam of sight. Shakesp. CoriolanlLi. 
 
 Pieasmg, yet cold, like Cynthia's silver beam. 
 .,,,,, , Drtidm. 
 
 As neav^Q s blest beam turns vinegar more sour. 
 rr T> Pope. 
 
 10 Beam. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 emit rays or beams. 
 
 Each emanation of his fires 
 That beams on earth, each virtue he inspires. Pope. 
 Be.\m Tree. A species of wild service. 
 Beamy, adj. [from beam.] 
 
 1. Radiant ; sliining ; emitting beams. 
 
 All-seeing sun ! 
 Hide, hide in shameful night, thy beamy head. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 2. Havmgtheweight ormassinessof abeam. 
 
 His double-biting axe, and beamy spear ; 
 Each asking a gigantic force to rear. Dryd. Fables. 
 
 3. Having horns or antlers. 
 Rouze from their desert dens the bristled rage 
 
 Of boars, and beamy stags in toils engage. 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 Bean. ji.s. [faba, Lat.] 
 
 The species are, 1. The common garden bean. 
 2. The horse fceaii. There are several varieties of 
 the garden bearis, differing eithor in colour or size, 
 'i'lic principal sorts which are cultivated in England, 
 arc the ilazagan, the small Lisbon, the Spanish, 
 the Tokay, the Sandwich, and Windsor beam'. 
 The JIazagan bean is brought from a settlement 
 of Ihe Portuguese, on the coast of .Africa, of the 
 same name ; and is by far the best sort to plant 
 for an early crop. Miller. 
 
 His allowance of oats and beam for his horse w as 
 greater than his journey required. Suift. 
 
 Bean Caper, [fabago.] A plant. 
 
 Bean Tresstl. An'herb. 
 
 To BEAR. V. a. pret. / hore, or bare; 
 j)art. pass, bare, or born, [beopan, bepan, 
 Sa.x. bairan, Gothick, It is sounded as 
 bare, as the are in care and dare.'] 
 
 I . This is a word used with such latitude, 
 that it is not easily explained. 
 
 We say to hear a burden, to hear sorrow or re- 
 proach, to bear a name, to hear a grudge, to bear 
 fruit, or to bear children. The word bear is used 
 m very diiferent sen.ies. Watts. 
 
 . To carry as a burden. 
 
 They ifar him upon the shoulder; they carry 
 
 him and set him in his place. Isaiah. 
 
 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand 
 
 that bare burdens. 1 Ain^s. 
 
 As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth oi'er 
 
 her young, spreadelh abroad her wings, takelh 
 
 them, beareth them on her wings. Deuteronomi/. 
 
 \Ve see some, who we tliiiik have bom less of 
 
 the burden, rewarded above ourselves. 
 
 Decay rf Piety. 
 o. 10 convey or carry. 
 
 Mv message to the ghost of Priam hear; 
 Tell him a new Achilles sent thee there. 
 
 , ,., , . Uriiden's Mneid. 
 
 A guest like hira, a Trojan guest before, 
 111 shew of friendship, sought'lhe Spartan shore. 
 And ravish'd Helen from her husband bore. 
 Ti Garti. 
 
 4. 1 o carry as a mark of authority. 
 
 I do commit into vour hand 
 fh' unstained sword that you lia\e us'd to hear. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 o. 1 o carrj- as a mark of distinction. 
 
 He may not bear so fair and so noble an image of 
 
 the divine glory, as the universe in its full sys'tera. 
 
 „..,_, Hale. 
 
 His pious brother, sure the best 
 
 Who ever bare that name. Dri/dcn. 
 
 Tlie sad spectators stilfen'd with their fears 
 She sees, and sudden every limb she smears; 
 Then each of savage beasts the figure bears. 
 „. Gai-th. 
 
 His supreme spirit of mind will hear its best re- 
 semblance, when it represents the sujireme infinite. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 So we say, to bear arms in a coat. 
 
 6. To carry, as in sliow. 
 Look like the time ; hear welcome in your eye. 
 
 Your hand, your tongue; look like tlie innocent 
 
 flower. 
 But be the serpent under 't. Shakesp 
 
 7. To carry, as in trust. 
 He was a thief, and had the bag, and hare what 
 
 was put therein. j„/,„ 
 
 8. To support ; to keep from falling : fre 
 quently with up. 
 
 
 Under colour of rooting out poperv, the most 
 effectual means to hear up the slate of religion may 
 be removed, and so a way be made either for |ia- 
 ganisra, or for barbarism, "to enter. Hooker. 
 
 And Samson took hold of the two middle pil- 
 lars, upon which tlie house stood, and on which it 
 was borne up. Jads^es. 
 
 A religious hope does not only bear up the mind 
 under her suft'erings, but makes her rejoice in them. 
 
 „ .'ddifon. 
 
 Some power invisible supports his soul. 
 And hears it up iu all its wonted greatness. 
 
 rri t n Addison. 
 
 . ^ o keep afloat ; to keep from sinking : 
 sometimes with up. 
 
 The waters increased, and hare up tlie ark, and 
 It was lifted up above tlie eartli. Gene.iis. 
 
 10. Tosupportwithproportionatestrength. 
 
 Animals that use a great deal of labour^aiid 
 exercise, have their solid parts more clastick and 
 strong ; they can bear, and ougiit to have, stronger 
 f""'^- Arbiithnot on Aliments. 
 
 11. To carry in the mind, as love, hate. 
 
 How did the open multitude reveal 
 The Hond'rous love they bear him under liar.d ! 
 
 Ti 1 ,- . , Danid. 
 
 they bare great faith and obedience to the 
 
 iJarah, tlie eldest, hears a generous mind. 
 But to implacable revenge incliu'd. Druden. 
 
 The coward bore the man immortal spite? 
 
 As tor this gentleman, who is foud of her, slie 
 beareth him an invincible hatred. Suift. 
 
 B E A 
 
 That inviolable love I hear to the land of my 
 
 nativity, jirevailed upon me to engage ui so bold 
 
 an attempt. Snift. 
 
 12. To endure, as pain, without sinking. 
 
 It was not an enemy that reproached me, then 
 
 I could have borne it. Psalms. 
 
 1.3. To suffer; to undergo, as punishment 
 or misfortune. 
 
 I have borne chastisements, I will not olfeud any 
 ""'■<=• Job. 
 
 That which was torn of beasts I brouoht not 
 unto thee, I 6are the loss of it ; of my hand didst 
 thou require it. Genesis. 
 
 14. To permit ; to suffer without resent- 
 ment. 
 
 To reject all orders of the church which men 
 have established, is to think worse of the laws of 
 men, in this respect, than either the jiul^iem of 
 wise men alloweth, or the law of Uod itself nili 
 hear. Hooker. 
 
 Not the gods, nor angry Jove, will hear 
 Thy lawless waud'ring walks in upper air. 
 
 15. To be capable of ; to admit. 
 Being the son of one earl of Pembroke, and 
 
 younger brother to another, who liberally supplied 
 his expence, beyond what his aimuitv from his 
 father could bear. 'Clarendon. 
 
 Ijive his thought either the same turn, if our 
 tongue will bear it, or, if not, vary but the dress. 
 
 T> T . Dryden. 
 
 Do not charge your coins with more uses than 
 they can hear. It is the method of such as love 
 any science, to discover all others in it. 
 
 „ , , ,^ Addison on Medals. 
 
 Mad he not been eager to find mistakes, he 
 would not have strained my works to such a sense 
 as they will not bear. Atterburti. 
 
 In all criminal cases, the most favourable inter- 
 pretation should be put upon words that they 
 pos^sibly can 6ear. Swiyi. 
 
 16. To produce, as fruit. 
 
 There be some plants that bear no flower, and 
 
 yet fteur fruit : there be some that bear flowers, 
 
 no fruit : tliere be some that bear neither 
 
 and 
 
 flowers nor fruit. Bacon. 
 
 They wing'd their flight aloft ; then, stooping 
 
 low, '^^ 
 
 Perch'd on the double tree that bears the golden 
 
 „ ''°"gh. D'ryden. 
 
 bay, shepherd, say in what glad soil appears 
 
 A woud'rous tree tiikt sacred mouarchs bears. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 17. To bring forth, as a child. 
 
 The queen, that hore thee 
 Oftner upon her knees tlian on her feet. 
 Died every day she liv'd. Shahesp. 
 
 \e know that my wife bare two sons. Genesis. 
 
 M hat could the muse herself that Orpheus bore. 
 The muse herself, for her enchanting son } 
 
 „, ^ Mihon. 
 
 I he same .^neas, whom fair Venus bore 
 To fara'd ,4nchises on th' Idean shore. Dryden. 
 
 18. To give birth to; to be the native 
 place of. 
 
 Here dwell the man divine whom Samos hore. 
 But now self-banish'd from his native shore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 19. To possess, as power or honour. 
 ^\■hen vice prevails, and impious men bear 
 
 sway. 
 The post of honour is a private station. 
 
 Addison's Calo. 
 
 20. To gain ; to win : 
 awa}/. 
 
 As it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes, 
 So may he with more facile question bear it ; 
 For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Sliak. 
 
 Because the Greek and Latin have ever borne 
 auau the prerogative from all other tongues, they 
 shall serve as toadistones to make our trials by. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Some think to bear it by speaking a great word, 
 and being peremptory ; a'iid go on, and take- by 
 adiuittauce that \vhich they cannot make good. 
 
 Baron. 
 
 158 
 
 commonly with
 
 B E A 
 
 21. To maintain ; to keep up. 
 
 He finds the pleasure and credit of hearing a 
 part ill the coiiversHtiou, aiidof hearing his reasuns 
 approved. Locke. 
 
 22. To support any thing good or bad. 
 
 I was carried on to observe, liow they did bear 
 their fortunes, and how tliey did employ tlieir 
 times. B"""- 
 
 23. To exhibit. 
 
 Ve Trojan flames, your testimony bear. 
 What I performed and what I suller'd tliere. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 24. To be answerable for. 
 
 If I bring hiiu not unto thee, let me bear the 
 blame. , Gouas. 
 
 O more tlian madmen ! jou yourselves shall 
 bear . 
 
 The suilt of blood and sacrilegious war. Vryden. 
 
 2.5. To supply. 
 
 What have you imder your arm ? Somewhat that 
 will hear vour'eli;.rj;es inVour |ilgriiuage? Driid. 
 
 26. To be the object of. This is unusual. 
 I'll be your father and your brother too ; 
 Let me but bear your love, I'll bear your cares. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 '27. To behave; to act in any character. 
 
 Some good instruction give. 
 How I may ieni- me here. Shakcsp. 
 
 Hath he"(wrne himself penitent in prison? Shak. 
 
 28. To hold ; to restrain : with «ff. 
 
 Do vou suppose the state of this realm to be now 
 so feeBle, tliat it cannot bear off a greater blow tiiaii 
 vhis ? Hayward. 
 
 29. To impel; to urge; to push: with 
 some particle noting the direction of 
 the impulse; as, doicn, on, back, for- 
 ward. 
 
 The residue were so disordered as they could 
 not conveniently fight or fly, and not only justled 
 and fcnre dou'ii one another," but in tlieir confused 
 tumbling back, brake a part of the avant guard. 
 Sir John Hayward, 
 Contention, like a horse 
 Full of high feedin", madly hath broke loose. 
 And hears dotcn all before him. Shakesp. 
 
 Their broken oars, aiid floating planks, with- 
 stand 
 llieir passage, while they labour to the land ; 
 And eDbing~tidcs bear back upon th' uncertain sand. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Now with a noiseless eentle cotirse 
 It keeps within the middle bed ; 
 Anon it lifts aloft the head. 
 And bears dawn all before it with impetuous force. 
 
 Drtjden. 
 Truth is borne dourn, attestations neglected, the 
 testimony of sober persons despised. Su-iji. 
 
 The hopes of enjoying the auhcy^ lands would 
 soon hear down ail considerations, and be an effec- 
 tual incitement to their pen'ersion. Swift. 
 
 30. To conduct ; to manage. 
 
 JMy hope is 
 So to hear through, and out, the consulship 
 
 Ben 
 
 lay r 
 Jons 
 
 As spite shall ne^er wound you, though it may me. 
 
 31. To press 
 
 Ca;sar doth bear me hard ; but he loves Brutus. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Though he hear me hard, 
 T yet must do him right. Ben Jonson, 
 
 These men bear hard upon the suspected party, 
 pursue her close through all her windings. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 32. To incite ; to animate. 
 
 But confidence then We thee on ; secure 
 Either to meet no danger, or to find 
 JNIatter of glorious triaF. Milton. 
 
 33. To bear a body. A colour is said to 
 bear a body in painting, when it is 
 capable of being ground so fine, and 
 mLxuig with the oil so entirely, as to 
 seem only a very thick oil of the same 
 colour. 
 
 B E A 
 
 34. To hear date. To carry the mark of 
 the time when any thing was written 
 
 35. To hear a price* To have a certain 
 value. 
 
 30. To hear in hand. To amuse with false 
 pretences ; to deceive. 
 
 Your daughter, wlioni slie hart in hand to love 
 With such integrity, she did confess, 
 Was as a scorpuji: to her sight. Shakc-^p. 
 
 His sickness, age, and iiupotence, 
 Was falsely bore in hand. Sftahcsj). 
 
 He repaired to Bruges, desiring of the states of 
 Bruges to enter peaceably into their town, with 
 a retinue fit for liis estate ; and bearing them in 
 handy that he was to conimunicate wiih thcin of 
 matters of great Importance^ for their good. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 It is no wonder, tliat some would bear the world 
 in hand, that the apostle's design and meaning is for 
 presbytery, though liis words are for episcopacy. 
 
 South. 
 
 37. To bear off. To carry away. 
 I will respect thee as a father, if 
 
 Thou bearift my life ()^ lieuce. SJtahexp. 
 
 The sun views half the earth on either way, 
 And here brings on, and there bears off the day. 
 
 Creech . 
 
 Give but the word, we'll snatch this damsel up, 
 
 And bear her off, Addison s Cato. 
 
 ^ly soul grows desperate. 
 I'll feear her off. A. Philips. 
 
 38. To bear out. To support ; to main- 
 tain; to defend. 
 
 I hope your warrant will hear out the deed- 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I can once or twice a quarter bear out a knave 
 against an honest man. Shakesp. 
 
 Changes are never without danger, unless the 
 prince be able to bear out his actions by pov.er. 
 
 Sir J. Hayicard. 
 
 Quoth Sidrophei, I do not doubt 
 To find friends that will hear me out. Hudibras. 
 
 Company only can bear a man out in an ill 
 thins;- South. 
 
 1 doubted whether that occasion could bear me 
 out in the confidence of giving your ladyship any 
 farther trouble. Temple. 
 
 To Bear, v, n. 
 I . To suffer pain. 
 
 Stranger, cease thy care , 
 Wise is the soul ; but man is born to bear : 
 Jove weighs affairs of earth in dubious scales, 
 And the good suffers while the bad prevails, 
 
 They bore as heroes, but they felt as man. 
 
 PtJpe. 
 Pirpe. 
 
 2. To be patient. 
 
 I cannot, cannot bear ; 'tis past, *tis done ; 
 Perish this impious, this detested son ! Dryden. 
 
 3. To be fruitful or prolifick. 
 
 A fruit tree hath been blown up almost by the 
 roots, and set up again, and the next year bear 
 exceedingly. Bacon. 
 
 Betwixt two seasons comes th' auspicious air, 
 This age to blossom and tlie next to bear. 
 
 Drijden. 
 IMelons on beds of ice are taught to bear. 
 And, strangers to the sun, yet ripen here. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 4. To take effect ; to succeed. 
 
 Having pawned a full suit of clothes for a sum 
 of money, which my operator assured me was the 
 last he should want to bring all our matters to bear. 
 
 Guardian. 
 
 5. To act in any character. 
 
 Instruct me 
 How I may formally in person bear 
 Like a true friar. Shakesp. 
 
 6. To tend : to be directed to any point : 
 with a particle to determine the mean- 
 ing ; as, up, away, onward. 
 
 B E A 
 
 The oily drops swimming on tlie spirit of wine, 
 moved restlessly to and fro, sometimes bearing up 
 to one another, as if all were to unite into one 
 body ; and then falling off, and continuing to 
 shift places. BiyU. 
 
 Never did men more joyfully obey. 
 Or sooner understood the sign to fly : 
 With such alacrity Uiey bore awau- Dryden. 
 
 Who^e navy like a stiff slretch'd cord did shew. 
 Till he bore in, and bent them into flight. Dryden. 
 
 On this the hero rix'd an oak in siiilit. 
 The mark to guide the mariners aright ; 
 To bear with this, the seamen stretcu their oars, 
 Then round the rock they steer, and seek the 
 former shores. Dryden. 
 
 In a convex mirrour, we view the figures and 
 all other things, w hich bear out with mure life and 
 strength than nature itself. Dryden. 
 
 7. To act as an impellent, opponent, or as 
 a reciprocal power: generally with the 
 particles npo7i or as^ainst. 
 
 We were encounter'd ny a mighty rock, 
 Which being violently borne upon, 
 Our helpless ship was spUtted in the midst. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Upon the tops of mountains, the air which bears 
 against the restagnant quicksilver is less pressed. 
 
 Boule. 
 
 The sides bearing one against the other, they 
 could not lie so close at the bottoms. Burnet. 
 
 As a lion, bounding in his way, 
 With force augmented bears against his prev. 
 Sideling to seize. Drudtn. 
 
 Because the operations to be performed bv the 
 teeth require a considerable strength in the in- 
 struments which move the lower jaw, nature hath 
 provided this with strong muscles, to make it bear 
 forcibly against the upper jaw. Rau. 
 
 The weight of the body doth hear most vjmt the 
 knee joinls, in raising itself up ; and most upon the 
 muscles of the thighs, in coming down. 
 
 Wilkins. 
 
 The waves of the sea bear violently and rapidly 
 upon some shores, the waters being pent up by the 
 land. Broome. 
 
 8. To act upon. 
 
 Spinola, with his shot, did bear upon those wlth- 
 hi, who appeared upon the walls. Hauu^ard. 
 
 9. To be situated with respect to other 
 places ; as, this moimtain bears west of 
 the promontory, 
 
 10. To bear up. To stand firm withont 
 falling ; not to sink ; not to faint or 
 fail. 
 
 So long as natura 
 Will hear up with his e.\ercise, so long 
 I daily vow to use it. Shake.'p. 
 
 Persons in distress may speak of themselves 
 with dignity ; it shews a greatness of soul, tliat 
 they bear up against the storms of fortune. 
 
 Broome. 
 The consciousness of integrity, the sense of a 
 life spent in doing good, will enable a man to 
 bear up under any change of circumstances. 
 
 Atterhltry. 
 
 When our commanders and soldiers were raw 
 
 and unexperienced we lost battles and to\v7i5 : vet 
 
 we bore up then, as the French do now ; nor was 
 
 there any thing decisive in their successes. 
 
 Siiiti. 
 
 11. To bear with. To endure an unpleas- 
 ing thing. 
 
 They are content to bear with my absence and 
 
 follv- Sidnev. 
 
 Though I must be content fo Bear uith those 
 
 that s.iy you are reverend grave men ; yet thej 
 
 lie deadly, that tell you, you have good faces. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Look you lay home to him ; 
 Tell him his pranks have been too broad to bear 
 v-ith. Shakesp. 
 
 Bear with me then, if lawful what I ask. 
 
 Milton. 
 BE.\R. n. s. [bepa, Saxon ; msus, Lat.j 
 
 1. A rough savage animal. 
 
 159
 
 B E A 
 
 Sorae have falsely reported, that ht'ars bring 
 tlietr vounL' into tlie world bha; eless, and that 
 tlieii' daius lick them into foini. The H.arns 20 no 
 longer than thirty da^s, and generally produce 
 five young ones. In tlie winter, they lie liid and 
 asleei), the male forty days, and the female four 
 nuintlis ; and so soundly for the first fourteen 
 days, that blows will not wake theui. In the 
 sleepy season, they are saiii to have no nourish- 
 ment but from lick'in^ their feel. 'I'his animal has 
 naturally an hideous look, hut when enraged ii is 
 terrible; and, as rough and stu[iid as it secuis to 
 be, it is capable of discipline ; it leaps, dances, 
 and ] lays a thousand little tricks at the s^.uufl of 
 a trumpet. 'Ihey abound in Poland. In tin 
 remote northern countries the species is white. 
 
 Cabnct. 
 Call hither to the stake my two brave bears. 
 
 Bid Salisbury and Warwick *coine to nie. 
 
 —Are these" thy bears? we'll bait thy ie«rs to 
 
 death, 
 And manacle the hearward in their chains. Shak. 
 
 Thou'tlst shun a bear ; 
 I^ut if thy flight lay tow'rd the raging sea, 
 Thon'dst'meet llie licar i' ih' mouth. SI:ahes]>. 
 
 2. The name of two constellations, called 
 the gi-eaier and /esse/- hear; in the tail of 
 the Irsscr hiar, is the pole-star. 
 E'en then when Troy was by the Greeks o'er- 
 throwii, 
 
 (i to bright Orion shone. Creech, 
 A species of bind- 
 
 n. s. 
 
 . s. [from bear andjli/.'] An 
 
 The hciir o)ipo 
 
 Bear-binu. 
 
 weed. 
 Bear-fly. n 
 
 uisect. 
 
 There be of flies, caterpillars, canker-flies, and 
 bearjiics. Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 Bear garden, n. s. [from bear and 
 garden.^ 
 
 1 . A place in which bears are kept for sport. 
 
 Hurrying me frojn the play-house, and t!ie 
 scenes there, to the bear-garden, to the apes, and 
 asses, and tygers. Sliltingjicet. 
 
 2, Any place of tumult or misrule. 
 
 I could not forbear going to a ])lace of renown 
 for the gallantry of Britons, namely to the bear- 
 garden. Spectator. 
 
 Bear-garden, adj. A word used in fa- 
 miliar or low phrase for i-tide or fiirbu- 
 hnt ; as, a bear garden fellow ; that is, 
 a man rude enou£fh to be a proper fre- 
 quenter of the bear-garden. Bear- 
 garden sport, is used for gross inelegant 
 entertainment. 
 
 Bear's-breech. n. s. [acanthus, Lat.] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 The species are, 1. The sraootb-Ieaved garden 
 bear's-breech. 2. The prickly bear's breech. 3. The 
 middle 6eff7- *s^recc/i, with short spines, ^*c. The 
 first is used in medicine, and is supposed to be the 
 mollis acanthus of ^'irgil. The leaves of this plant 
 are cut upon the capitals of the Corinthian pillars, 
 and were formerly m great esteem with the Ro- 
 mans. Miller. 
 
 Ekar's-EAR, or Auricula, [auricula ursi , 
 Lat] The name of a plant. 
 
 Bear's-ear, or Sanicte. [cortusa, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 Bear's-foot. w.s. .\ species of hellebore. 
 
 Be.vr's-wort. n. s. An herb. 
 
 BEARD, n. s. [l^eapb, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The hair that grows on the lij)s and chin. 
 
 ^ Ere on thy chin the springing beard began, 
 To spread a doubtful down, and promise man. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Beard is used for the face ; as, to do 
 any thing to a man's beard, is to do it 
 in defiance, or to his face. 
 
 Rail'd at their covenant, and jeer'd 
 Their rev'reud persons to ray beard. Hudih.- 
 
 B E A B !> A 
 
 3. Beard is used to mark age or virility ; 4. One who carries the body to the "rave, 
 as, he has a long beard, means he is old. 6. A tree that yields its produce. ° 
 
 This ancient ruffian. Sir, whose life I have 1 This way of procuring autumnal roses in some 
 
 spared at suit of Ins grey beard. Shakesp. that ere good bearers, will succeed Boui^ 
 
 Some tinn remains <,f chastity appear'd Reprune apricots, saving the young shoots -.fo't 
 
 Ev n under Jove, but Jove without a icurrf. Dri/d. I the raw /jmi-era, commonlv ncris'h Fe-hm 
 
 W cmld It not be ins_ul|erable for a professor to 0. [In architecture.] A post or brick wall 
 
 liive his authority, of forty years standing, con- ■ 1 , •' , ['"^i. <ji uiilis. «dn 
 
 firmed by general tradition aiirl a reverend heard, ' raiseil up between the ends of a piece of 
 
 overturned by an upstart novelist > Locke, j timber, toshorlen its bearino- • or to pre 
 
 4. .Sharp prickles growing upon the ears! vent its bearing with the whole weio-jit 
 of"""n- I at the ends only. ° 
 
 The Woughman lost his sweat, and the green 7. p,, heraldry.] A Supporter. 
 
 Hath rotted ere its youth attaiu'd a /if j«/. Shakesii. |Be'ARHERD. «. S. [from bear and herd 
 
 A ... .."... r.. .,-*— -.1.,; 1 .1,-. .1.,. 1. _i/.l_ii».. . _. ' 
 
 A certain fanner complained, that the beards of 
 his corn cut the reapers and threshers fingers. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 5. A barb on an arroAv. 
 
 6. Tlie beard or chuck of a horse, is that 
 part which bears tlie ciub of the bridle. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 To Beard, v. a. [from bcai-d.] 
 I. To take or pluck by the beard, in con- 
 tempt or anger. 
 
 No man so potent breathes upon the ground. 
 But I will beard him. Shakesp. 
 
 ■2. To oppose to the face ; to set at open 
 defiance. 
 
 He, whensoever he should swen'c from duty, 
 
 may be able to beard him. Spenser. 
 
 I have been bearded h\- boys. More. 
 
 The design of utterly extirpating monarchy 
 
 and episcopacv, the presbyterians alone begun, 
 
 continued, and would have ended, if they liad 
 
 not been bearded by that new party, with whom 
 
 they could not agree about dividing llie spoil. Sw'i)'t. 
 
 Be'arded. adj. [from beard.] 
 
 1. Having a beard. 
 Think every bearded fellow, that's but yok'd, 
 
 Rlay draw wilh you. Shakesp. 
 
 Old prophecies foretel our fall at hand. 
 When bearded men in floating castles land. Dryd. 
 
 2. Having sharp prickles, as corn. 
 
 As when a field 
 Of Ceres, ripe for harvest, waging bends 
 Her bearded grove of ears, wlxich way the wind 
 Sways them. Milton. 
 
 The fierce virago 
 Flew o'er the field, nor hurt the ieai-tJed grain. Dri/d. 
 •i. Barbed or jagged. 
 
 Thou should'st have pull'd the secret from my 
 breast. 
 Torn out the bearded steel to give me rest. Dryd. 
 
 Beardless, adj. [from beard.] 
 
 1. Without a beard. 
 There are some coins of Cunobelin, king of 
 
 Essex and Middlesex, with a beardless image" in- 
 scribed Ciitmheim. Camden. 
 
 2. Youthful. 
 And, as young striplings whip the top for sport 
 
 On the smooth pavement of an empty court. 
 The wooden engine flies and whirls about, 
 Admir'd with clamours of the /itdi-rf/r&i rout. Drud. 
 Be'arer. ji.s. ifrom To biar.] 
 
 1 . A carrier of any thing, who conveys any 
 thingfrom oneplaco or person to another. 
 
 He should the liearers put to sudden death, 
 ]Vt>t shriving time allow'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Forgive the bearer of unhappy news ; 
 Your alter'd father openly jnirsues 
 Your ruin. Drud. 
 
 No gentleman sends a servant wilh a message, 
 without endeavouring to put it into terms broiii^hi 
 down to the capacity of the bearer. Sicifi. 
 
 2. One employed in caiTying burthens. 
 
 And he set threescore and ten thousand of them 
 to be bearers of burthens. 2 Chronicles. 
 
 3. One who wears any thing. 
 
 majesty ! 
 \Vhen thou dost pinch thy (jenrer.'lhou dost sit 
 Like a rich armour worn in heat of day, 
 That scaWs with safety, 'ihakasp 
 
 as shepherd from sheep.] A man that 
 tends bears. 
 
 He that is more than a youth, is not for me; 
 
 and he that is less than a m.in, I am not for him ; 
 
 therefore I will even take sixpence in earnest of tl(e' 
 
 bearlwrd, and lead his apes into hell. Shakesp 
 
 Be'aring. 71. s. [from bear ] 
 
 1. The site or place of any thing with re- 
 spect to something else. 
 
 But of this frame, the bearing and the ties. 
 The strong cunnections, nice dependencies, 
 Gradations jusl, has lliy pervading soul 
 Look'd tlirough .' or caii a part contain the whole. 
 
 2. Gesture ; mien ; behaviour. 
 That is Claudio ; I know him by his bearing. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 3. [In architecture] Bearing o^ a piece of 
 timber, with carpenters, isthe space ei- 
 ther between the two fixt extremes there- 
 of, or between one extreme and a post or 
 wall, trimmed up between the ends, to 
 shorten its bearing. Build. Diet, 
 
 Be'arward. n. s. [from bear and ward.] 
 A keeper of bears. 
 
 We'll bait thy bears to death. 
 And manacle the bearaard' in their chains. Shaft. 
 The bear is led after one manner, the multvl 
 tude after another ; the hearward leads but one 
 brute, and the mountebank leads a thousand. 
 
 L' Estrange, 
 BEAST, n. s. [beste. Ft. bestia, Lat.] 
 
 1. An animal, distinguished from birds, 
 insects, fi.shes, and man. 
 
 The man that once did sell the lion's skin 
 \\ hile the beast liv'd, was kill'd with hunting him. 
 
 Shohesp. 
 
 Beasts of chase are tlie buck, the doe, the fox, 
 
 the mariern, and the roe. Beasts of the forest 
 
 are the hart, the hind, the hare, the boar, and tlie 
 
 wolf. Beasts of warren are the hare and cony. 
 
 Comll. 
 
 2. An irrational animal, opposed to man ; 
 as, man ami beast. 
 
 I dare do all that may become a man ; 
 Who dares do more, is iione. 
 
 What beast was 't then 
 
 That made you break this enterprize to me ? 
 
 Shakisp. Macbeth. 
 
 IMedea's charms were there, Circeau feasts. 
 With bowls that turii'd enamoiir'd youths to beasts. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 3. A brutal savage man; a man acting in 
 any manner unworthy of a reasonable 
 creature. 
 
 To Beast, v, a. A term at cards. 
 Be'astings. See Beesti>'gs. 
 Be'astliness. n. s. [from heastlij.] Bnir 
 
 tality; practice of any kind contrary to 
 
 the rules of humanity. 
 They lield this land, and with their. filthiness 
 
 Polluted this same gentle soil long time ; 
 
 That their own molTier loath'd their beastliness. 
 
 And 'gan ahlior her brood's unkiudly crime. 
 
 Fairy QiKen, 
 
 \Q0
 
 B E A 
 
 Be'astly. adj. [from beast.] 
 
 1. Brutal ; contrarj' to the nature and dig- 
 nity of man. It is used commonly as 
 a temi of reproach. 
 
 Wouldst thou have tlivself fall in the coJifusion 
 of men, or remain a beast with beasts r — Ay — a 
 beaxllif ambition. Shakesi). 
 
 I'ou beastly linave, know you no reverence - 
 
 Shahesp. King Lear. 
 
 ffitli lewd, profane, and beastly jmrase, 
 To catch the world's loose langhter, or vain ea^e. 
 
 Ben Jonsoti. 
 
 It is charged upon the gentlemen of the army, 
 Oiat the beiisttu vice of drinking to excess hatli 
 been lately, from their example, restored among 
 .IS. Su'i^'- 
 
 2. Havinw the nature or form of beasts. 
 Beasth divinities, and droves of gods. Prior. 
 
 To BEAT. r. a. pret. beat, pai-t. pass. 
 beat, or beaten, [baitre, Fr.] 
 
 1. To strike ; to knock ; to lay blows upon. 
 So fii;ht I, not as one that beateth the air. 
 
 1 Corinthians. 
 He rav'd with all the madness of despair ; 
 HiTnar'd,l)e dear his breast, he tore his hair. Dry. 
 
 2. To punish with stripes or blows. 
 They've chose a consul that will from them 
 
 take 
 Their liberties ; make them of no niore voice 
 Than dogs, that are often beat for barking. Shahesp. 
 Mistress Ford, good heart, i> beaten black and 
 blue, tliat you camiot see a w bite spot about her. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 There is but one fault for which children should 
 
 bebeaten : and that is obstinacy or rebellion. Locke. 
 
 3. To strike an instrument of musick. 
 
 Bid them come forth and hear 
 Or at their chamber door I'll beat the drum; 
 Till it cry, sleep to death. Sliakesp. 
 
 4. To break ; to bruise ; to spread ; to 
 comminute by blows. 
 
 The people ^thered manna, and ground it in 
 mills, or beat it in a mortar, and baked it. 
 
 Numbers 
 
 They did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut 
 it intoV'ires, to work it. Kit^us. 
 
 "They save the laborious work of beatin« of 
 hemp," by making the axletree of the main wlieel 
 of their "corn mills longer than ordinary, and 
 placing of pins in them, to raise large hammers 
 like those used for paper and fulling mills, with 
 which they beat most of their hemp. MoHimer. 
 
 Nestor furnished the gold, and he beat it into 
 leaves, so that he had "occasion to use his anvil 
 and hammer. Broome. 
 
 5. To strike bushes or ground, or make a 
 motion to rouse game. 
 
 It is strange, how long some men will lie in wait 
 to speak, aird how many other matters they will 
 beat over to come near it. Bacon. 
 
 When from the cave thou risest with the day 
 I'o fceaf the woods, and rouse toe bounding prey. 
 
 PH,".i-. 
 
 Together let us beat this ample field. 
 Try what the open, what the covert yield. Pope. 
 
 6. To thresh ; to drive the corn out of the 
 husk. 
 
 .She gleaned in the field, and beat out that she 
 had gleaned. Ruth, ii. 17. 
 
 7. To mi.K things by long and frequent 
 
 agitation. 
 
 By Ujng fteatin^ the white of an egg with a lump 
 of aJinn, you may bring it into white curds. Bovte. 
 
 8. To batter with engines of war. 
 
 And he heat down the tower of Fennel, and 
 alew the men of the city. Jiuiges, viii. 17. 
 
 9. To dash as water, or brush as wind. 
 Beyond this flood a frozen continent 
 
 Lies dark and wild ; beat with perpetual storms 
 Of w birlw ind and dire hail. Milton. 
 
 With tempests beat, and to the winds a scorn. 
 
 Ji&scommon. 
 
 Vol I. 
 
 B E A 
 
 %Vhile winds and storms his lofty forehead beat. 
 The common fate of all that's high or great. 
 
 Denham. 
 As when a lion in the midnight hours. 
 Beat by rude blasts, and wet with wintry show'rs. 
 Descends terrifick from the mountain's brow. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 10. To tread a path. 
 
 While I this unexampled task essay. 
 Pass awful gulfs, and heat my painful way. 
 Celestial dove ! divine assistance bring. Blackm. 
 
 11. To make a path by marking it with 
 
 tracks. 
 
 He that will know the truth of things, must 
 leave the common and beaten track. Locke. 
 
 12. To conquer ; to subdue ; to vanquish. 
 If Hercules and Lichas play at dice, 
 
 Which is the better man ? Tlie greater throw 
 May turn by fortune from the weaker hand : 
 So 13 Alcides beaten by his page. Shakesp. 
 
 "Vou souls of geese. 
 That bear the shapes of men, how have you run 
 From slaves that apes would heat '. Shakesp. 
 
 Five times, Marcius, 
 I have fought with thee, so often hast thou heat 
 me. Shakes]). 
 
 I have discem'd the foe securely lie. 
 Too proud to fear a beaten enemy. Dryclen. 
 
 The common people of Lucca are firmly per- 
 suaded, that one Lucquese can beat five Floren- 
 tines. Adfiison. 
 
 Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, joining his ships to 
 those of the Syracusans, beat the Carthaginians 
 at sea. Arbutlmot. 
 
 13. To harass ; to over-labour. 
 
 It is no point of wisdom for a man to fceat his 
 brains, and spend his spirits, about things im- 
 possible. Hakemll. 
 
 And as ui prisons mean rouges beat 
 Hemp, for the service of the great ; 
 So ^Vhackuni beat his dirty brains 
 T' advance his master's fame and gains. Hudihras. 
 
 Why any one should waste his time, and beat 
 
 his head, about the Latin grammar, who does not 
 
 intend to be a critick. _ Locke. 
 
 li. To lay, or press, as standing corn by 
 
 hard weather. 
 
 Her own shall bless her ; 
 
 Her foes shake like a field of beaten corn. 
 
 And hang their heads with sorrow. Shakesp. 
 
 15. To depress ; to crush by repeated op- 
 position: usually with the"particle(/o«'n. 
 
 Albeit a pardon was proclaimed, touching any 
 speech tending to treason, yel could not the bold- 
 ness be beaten down either with that seventy, or 
 with this lenity be abated. Hayicard. 
 
 Our warriours propagating the French language, 
 at the saine time they are beating doun their power. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Such an unlook'd-for storm bf ills falls on me. 
 It beats down all my strength. Addi.mt. 
 
 1 6. To drive by violence : with a particle 
 
 Twice have I sallv'd, and was twice beat back. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 He t!iat proceeds upon other principles in his 
 inquiry, docs at least post himself in a party, 
 « hich'he will not quit till he be beaten ont. iMke. 
 
 He cannot /leat itouf of his head, but that it was 
 a carduial who picked his pocket. Addison. 
 
 The young'-r ]iart of mankind might be 6f<i< ejj 
 from the belief of the most important points even 
 of natural religion, by the impudent jesU of a 
 profane wit. " *•''*"• 
 
 17. To move with fluttering agitation. 
 Thrice have I beat the wing, and rid with night 
 
 About the worid. Dryden. 
 
 18. To beat down. To endeavour by 
 treaty to lessen tlie price deinandt-d. 
 
 Surveys rich moveables with curious eye, 
 Beats down the price, and threatens still to buy. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 She persuaded him to trust the renegado with 
 the money he had brought over for their ransom ; 
 as not questioning but he would beat douu the 
 terms of it. AdUiwn. 
 
 B E A 
 
 19. To beat down. To sink or lessen the 
 value. 
 
 L'sury heats doicn the price of land ; for the em- 
 ployme"nt of money is chiefly either merchandizing 
 or purchasing ; aJid usury waylays both. Bacon. 
 
 20. To beat up. To attack suddenly ; to 
 alarm. 
 
 They lay in that quiet posture, without making 
 the least iiupression upon the enemy by beating up 
 his quarters, which might easily hare been done. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Will fancies he should never have been the man 
 he is, had not he knocked dow n constables, and 
 beat up a lewd woman's quarters, when he was a 
 young fellow. Adtii>cm. 
 
 21 . To beat the hoof. To walk ; to go on 
 foot. 
 
 To Beat. v. n. 
 
 1. To move in a pulsatory manner. 
 
 I would glr.tlly understand the formation of a 
 soul, and see it /«;a( the first conscious ptilse. Collier. 
 
 2. To dash, as a flood or storm. 
 
 Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon mi- 
 nisters. Bacoiu 
 
 Your brow, which does no fear of thunder 
 know, 
 Seesrowling tempests vainly beat below. Dryden. 
 
 One sees many hollow spaces worn in the bot- 
 toms of tlie rocks, as they are more or less able to 
 resist the impressions of the water that ifofs against 
 them. Addison. 
 
 3. To knock at a door. 
 
 The men of the city beset the house r uind 
 about, and beat at the door, and spake to the 
 master of the house. Judges. 
 
 4. To move with frequent repetitions of 
 the same act or stroke. 
 
 No pulse shall keep 
 His nat'ral progress, but surcease to heat. Shakesp. 
 
 My tcnip"rate pulse does regularly beat , 
 Feeland be satisfy d, Dryden. 
 
 A man's heart fceuts, and the blood circulates, 
 which it is not in his power, by any tliought or 
 volition, to stop. Lccke. 
 
 5. To throb ; to be in agitation, as a sore 
 
 swelling. 
 
 A turn or two Til w.ilk. 
 To still ray beating mind. Shakespeare. 
 
 6. To fluctuate ; to be in agitation. 
 
 The tem' est in my mind 
 Doth from my senses take all feeling else. 
 Save what hcali there. Shakesji. 
 
 7. To Iry different ways ; to search; with 
 
 about. 
 
 I am always beating about in my thoughts for 
 sonieihiiij that may turn to the benefit of my dear 
 countrymen. .iddison. 
 
 To fiiui an honest man, I beat about. 
 And love him, court him, praise him, in or out. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 8. To act upon with violence. 
 
 The sun 'f.it upon the head of Jonah, that he 
 fainti d, and wished in himself to die. Jonah. 
 
 9. To speak frequently ; to repeat ; to en- 
 force by repetition : wth upon. 
 
 We are drawn on into a larger speech, by reason 
 of their so great earnestness, who beat more and 
 more upon these last alleijed words. Hooker. 
 
 How frequently and fervently doth the scriii- 
 turc beat upon this cause ! Jiakcuill. 
 
 10. To beat up ; as, to beat up for soldiers. 
 The word up seems redundant, but en- 
 forces the sense ; the technical term be- 
 in "■, to raise soldiers. 
 
 Beat. part, passive, [from the verb.] 
 
 Like a rich vessel />fat by storms to shore, 
 'Twere madness should I venture out once more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Beat. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 ]. Stroke. 
 
 •2. Manner of striking. 
 
 Y 
 
 161
 
 B E A 
 
 Albeit the base and treble strings i)f a viol hi 
 t:im-(i to an unisun, yet the former will still mak- 
 a biuger sound than the latter, as making a 
 hroaucrfteat U|)iin the air. Greio. 
 
 He, with a careless h^_at, 
 Stniek out the mule ereatiuu at a heat. Driidm. 
 
 3. Manner of being struck ; as, the beat 
 
 of the puLso, or a drum. 
 Be'aten. part. adj. [from To beat.] 
 
 What makes you. Sir, so late abroad 
 Without a guide', and this no htatcit road .' Dryil. 
 Be'ater. 71. s. [from beat.] 
 
 1. An in.struinent, with which anything 
 is comniiiiiitedor mingled. 
 
 Beat all vour mortar with a heater three or four 
 times over, before jou use it ; for thereby you 
 incorporate the sand and lisue well together. 
 
 Moion. 
 
 2. A person much given to blows. 
 
 The best schoolmaster of our tinie was tlie 
 greatest lieutcr. Asrlinm's ScliMtnuister. 
 
 Beati'fical. 7 adj. \bcatijicus, low 
 Beatifick. \ Lat. from hcatus happy.] 
 That which has the power of making 
 happy, or completing fruition ; blissful. 
 It is used only of heavenly fruition after 
 death . 
 
 Admiring the riches of heaven's pavement 
 Tliaii aught divine or holy else, enjoy'd 
 In vision heatijick. Milton. 
 
 It is also their felicit;y to have no faith ; for en- 
 joying the (/ea(;/!cai vision in the fruitiem of the 
 object of faith, "they have received the f\Ul eva- 
 cuation of it. Bnnin's Vul. Err. 
 
 We may contemplate upon the greatness and 
 strangeness of the heatijick vision ; how a created 
 eye should be so fortified, as to bear all those 
 glories that stream from the fountain of uncreated 
 ligl't. .Sju(/.. 
 
 Beati'ficai.LY. adv. [from heafijica/.] 
 Tn such a manner as to complete happi- 
 ness. 
 
 BeutlfiruUi) to behold the face of God, in the 
 fulness of wisdom, righteousness, and peace, is 
 blessedness no way incident unto the creatures 
 beneath man. Hakeitill. 
 
 Beatifica'tion. n.s. [from Ltaiijick.] 
 A term in the Romish church, diitin- 
 guished from canonization. Beatifica- 
 lion is an acknowledgement made by 
 the pope, that the person beatified is in 
 lieaven, and therefore may be reverenced 
 as blessed ; but is not a concession of the 
 honours due to saints, which are con- 
 ferred bv canonization. 
 
 Tonr.AT!FY. v.a. \_hvat!fico, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To make happy ; to bless vvith the com- 
 pletion of celestial enjoyment. 
 
 The use of spiritual conference is unimaginable 
 a'ld unspeakable, especially if free and unrestrain- 
 ed, bearing an image of that conversation which 
 is anioua angels and heatificd saints. Hammnnd. 
 
 We shall know him to be the fullest good, the 
 nearest to us, and the most certain ; and conse- 
 quently, the most heuiifjiitig o( all others. Broun. 
 
 1 wish I had the wings of an angel, to have 
 ascended into Paradise, and to have beheld the 
 forms of those /lealjfted spirits, from which I might 
 luive copied my archangel. Dntdcr.. 
 
 2. To settle the character of any person, 
 
 by a publick acknowledgement that he 
 
 is received in heaven, though he is not 
 
 invested with the dignity of a saint. 
 
 Over against this church stands an hospital, 
 erected by a shoejuaker, who has been beatijied. 
 though never sainted. Addison. 
 
 Beating, n.s. [fromfifa^] Correction; 
 pimishment by blows. 
 
 B E A 
 
 Playwright, convict of public wrongs to men, 
 Takes private healings, and begins again. 
 
 Ben Sanson. 
 
 Bea'titude. n. s. [beatilndo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Blessedness ; felicity ; happiness : com- 
 monly used of the joys of heaven. 
 
 The end of that government, and of all men's 
 aims, is agreed to be btatitude, that is, his bein; 
 conipletely well. Digbif. 
 
 This is the image and little representation tif 
 heaven ; it is heatitndc in pictine. Tai/lor. 
 
 Ho set out the felicity of his heaven, by the 
 deli";hts of sense ; slightly passing over the ac'com- 
 plishmcntof the soul, an'd theicntidK/tof that part 
 which earth and visibilities too weakly aft'ect. 
 
 Brown^s Vulgar Kn-ours. 
 
 2. A declaration of blessedness made by 
 our Saviour to particular virtues. 
 
 Beau. n. s. [beau, Fr. It is sounded like 
 bo, and has often the French plural 
 beaiLt, sounded as boe.i.'] A man of 
 dress ; a man whose great care is to deck 
 his person. 
 What will not beaui attempt to please the fair. 
 
 m, . Dryden. 
 
 the water nymphs are too unkind 
 To Mll'roy ; are the land uymphs so ? 
 
 And fly thty all, at once combiu'd 
 Toshame a general, and a beaux? Prior. 
 
 Vou will become the delight of nine ladies iii 
 
 ten, and the envy of ninety-nine heaui in a hun- 
 
 ^''f"!- Swift. 
 
 Beaver, n.s. [bievre, Yr. Jiber, Lat.]" 
 
 1. An animal, otherwise named fhe castor, 
 amphibious, and reinarkable for his art 
 in building his habitation ; of which 
 many wonderful accounts are delivered 
 by travellers. His skin is very valuable 
 on account of the fur. 
 
 The heaver being hunted, biteth off his stones, 
 knowing that for them only his life is soueht. 
 
 rn , J , . . tlakewill. 
 
 Ihey placed this invention upon Uie heaver, for 
 the sagacity and wisdom of that animal : indeed 
 from its artifice iu building. Brown's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 2. A hat of the best kmd, so called from 
 being made of the fur of beaver. 
 
 Vou see a smart rhetorician turning his hat, 
 tiioulding it into riitlcrent cocks, examinins the 
 lining and the button during his harangue : a'dcaf 
 man would think he was e|]ea])pning a hearer, 
 when he is talking of the fate of a nation. Addison. 
 
 The broker here his spacious beaver wears, 
 Vpon his brow sit jealousies and cares. Cmy. 
 
 3. 'Ihe part of a helmet that covers the 
 face, [baviere, Fr.] 
 
 His dreadful hideous head, 
 Clo<e couclied on the hearer, seeni'd to throw 
 From flaming mouth bright sparkles liery red. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Big Mars seems bankrupt in their beggar'd host. 
 And family through a rusty 6eai«r peeps. 
 
 Shahesji. 
 
 He was slain upon a course at tilt, the splinters 
 
 of the start" going in at his hearer. Bacon. 
 
 Be'avered. adj. [from beaver.] Covered 
 with a beaver, wearing a beaver. 
 
 His heaver'd brow a birchen carland bears. 
 Dropping with infants blood, and mothers tears. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Beau'ish. adj. [from beau.] Befitting 
 
 a beau ; foppish." 
 Beau'teou.s. adj. [from beauii/.] Fair; 
 elegant in form ; pleasing to the sight ; 
 beautiful. This word is chiefly poetical. 
 
 I can, Pelruchio, help thee to a wife. 
 With wealth enough, and young, and beauteous. 
 , . Shakesp. 
 
 .'ilas ! not hoping to subdue, 
 I only to the llight aspir'd ; 
 
 B E A 
 
 To keep the beauteous foe in view. 
 Was all the glory I desir'd. Pricr. 
 
 Beau'teously. adr. [from beauteous.] 
 In a beauteous manner ; in a manner 
 pleasing to the sight ; beatttifully. 
 
 Look upon pleasures n.)t upon that side that is 
 next the sun, or where they look heuuteoushi ; thiit 
 is, as they come towards yo'u to bo enjoyed. Tai/lor. 
 Beau'teousne,ss. ?!..<!. [from b'eajiteous.] 
 The sUite or quality of being beauteous ; 
 beauty. 
 
 From less virtue, and less henuteousncss. 
 The gentiles fram'd them gods and goddesses. 
 
 Vonnc. 
 
 B E A ti 't I FU L. adj. [from bcauiij and/ull.] 
 Fair ; having the qualities that consti- 
 tute beauty. 
 
 He stole a« ay, and took by strong hand all the 
 beautifut women in his time. Raleigh. 
 
 The most important part of painting, is to know 
 what is most heaatifiil in nature, and most proper 
 for that art; that' which is the most tenui^ii/, is 
 the most noble subject ; so, ii» poetry^ tragedy is 
 more beautiful than comedy, because the persons 
 are greater whom the poet instructs, and conse- 
 quently the instructions of more benetit to man- 
 kind. l>ryd. 
 
 Beautiful looks are rul'd liy fickle minds, 
 And summer seas are turu'dbv sudden winds. 
 
 ^ Prior, 
 
 Beau'tifuixy. adv. [from beautiful] 
 In a beautiful manner. 
 
 No longor sliali the boddice, aptly lacM . 
 
 From lliy full bosom to thy slender *waist, 
 Tii:it air and harmony of shape express, 
 Fine by decrees, ancl beautiJuUyiess. Prior, 
 
 Beatj'tifulness. 71. s. [fvom beautiful.] 
 Tlie quality of being beautiful ; beauty; 
 excellence of form. 
 To Beau'tify. v.a. [from beaut 2/,] To 
 adorn ; to embellish ; to deck ; to grace ; 
 to add beauty to. 
 
 Never was sorrow more sweetly set forth ; their 
 faces seeming rather to beautify tlieir sorrow, than 
 their sorrow to cloud the beauty of their faces. - 
 
 t ffiifuard- 
 
 Sufficeth not that we are brought to Rome, 
 
 To bcautifu thy triumphs and return, 
 
 Captive to thee and totliy Roman yoke r Shakesp. 
 
 These were not created to bcautifu the earth 
 
 alone, but for tlie use of man and beast. RaU'igh. 
 
 How all conspire to grace 
 Th' extended earth, and bcaiUifi/ her face. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 There is charity andjjnstice ; and the one serves 
 
 to heighten and t)eautifii the other. Atterburu. 
 
 To Beau'tify. v. n. To grow beautiful ; 
 To advance in beauty. 
 
 It must be a prospect pleasing to God himself, 
 to sec ills creation f(jr ever beautifying in his eyes, 
 and drawing nearer to liim by greater degrees of 
 resemblance. Addison. 
 
 BEAUTY, w. s. [hcantc, Fr.] 
 1. That assemblage of graces, or propor- 
 tion of parts, which pleases the eye. 
 
 Beauty consists of a certain composition of co- 
 lour aiid figure, causing delight iu the beholder. 
 
 Vour beauty was the cause of that effect. 
 Your beauiv, that did haunt me in my sh-ep.— 
 If I thouffht that, I tell thee, homicide, 
 Tliese nails should rend that bfavty from my 
 cheeks. Shakesp. 
 
 Beauty is best in a body that hath rather dig- 
 nity of presence than ^eaiifi/ of aspect. The beau- 
 tiful prove accomplislicd, but not of great spirit, 
 and study for the most part rather behaviour tlian 
 virtue. Buam. 
 
 The best part of beauty is that which a picture 
 cannot express. ' Bac<";. 
 
 Of the beauty of the e3'e I sliall say little, leav- 
 ing that to poets and orators : thafit is a very 
 
 162
 
 EEC 
 
 pleasant and lovely object to bcliokl, if we con- 
 sider the figure, cbluurb, splendour of it, is the 
 least 1 can say. ^^'V- 
 
 He view'd" their twining branches with deliglit, 
 And prais'd ihc beautq of the pleasing sight. Pxpc. 
 
 2. A particular" grace, feature, or orna- 
 ment. 
 
 The ancient pieces are beautiful, because tbev 
 
 - resenibie the beauties of nature ; and nature will 
 
 ever be beautiful, which resembles those heutUits 
 
 of antiquity. Driiikn. 
 
 Wherever you place a patch, you destroy a 
 beantt), Addison. 
 
 3. Any thing more eminently excellent 
 than the rest of that, with which it is 
 united. 
 
 This gave me an occasion of looking backward 
 ou some beauties of my author m his former books. 
 
 Di'tiilcri. 
 
 With incredible pains have I endeavoured to 
 copy the several beauties of the ancient and mo- 
 dern historians. Arbtithnot. 
 
 4. A beautiful person. 
 Remember that Pellean conquerour, 
 
 A youth, how all the beauties of the east 
 
 He slightly view'd, and slightly overpass'd. Milt. 
 
 What can tliy ends, malicious ^f<J(i^y, be .^ 
 Can lie, who till'd thy brother, lire for thee ? 
 
 Diyden. 
 
 To Beau'ty. v. a. [from thenomi.] To 
 adorn ; to beautify ; to embellish : not 
 in use. 
 
 Tlie harlot's cheek, bemitied with plast*ring art, 
 Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it, 
 Than is my deed to your most painted word. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Beau'ty-SPOT. n. s. [from hcauty and 
 spctJ\ A spot placed to direct the eye 
 to something else, or to heighten some 
 beauty; a foil; a patch. 
 
 The filthiuess of swine makes them the beautjj- 
 
 s]yat of the animal creation. Gtrtr. 
 
 Becafi'co. 71, s. [becqfigo, Span.] A 
 
 bird like a nightingale, feeding on figs 
 
 and gi-apes ; a fig-peckfr. Pineda. 
 
 Tlie robin-redbreast, till of lule, had rest. 
 And chiidren sacred held a martin's nest j 
 Till becaficos sold so dev'lish dear, 
 To one that was, or would have been, a peer. Pcpe. 
 
 To Becalm v. a. [from calm.] 
 
 1. To still the elements. 
 
 The moon shone clear on the becalmed flood. 
 
 Dn/den. 
 
 2. To keep a ship from motion. 
 
 A man becalmed at sea, out of sight of land, in 
 a fair day may look on the sun, or sea, or ship, a 
 wliule hour, and perceive no motion. Loche. 
 
 5. To quiet tiie mind. 
 
 Soft whisp'ring airs, and the lark's matin song. 
 Then woo to musing, and becalm the mind 
 Perples'd with irksome thoughts. I'ltUips. 
 
 Kani>h his sorrows, and becalm his sou! 
 With easy dreams. Addison. 
 
 Perhaps prosperity becalm'd his breast ; 
 
 Perhai's (he wind just sliifted from the east. Papc. 
 
 4. Tu btculm and to calm differ in tliis, 
 
 that to calm is to stop motion, and to 
 
 becalm is to withhold from motion. 
 
 Beca'ime. ITie preterite of become; 
 
 which see. 
 Beca'use. conjunct, [from 6;/ and f owsf .] 
 1. For this reason that ; on this account 
 that ; for this cause tliat. It makes the 
 first part of an illative proposition, 
 either expressly or by iiiiplication, and 
 is answered by thcrrjore ; as, I fled be- 
 cause / was afraid ; which is the same 
 with, because I was afraid, therefore I 
 fled. 
 
 DEC 
 
 llow ^eat soever llie sins of any person are, 
 Clirist (bed foi Mm, because he ditil l.ir :ill ; antl 
 Ik- died i'or Uioie sins, btctiuse he died for all sins : 
 only he must reform. Hammond. 
 
 lilen do not so cenerally agree in the sense of 
 tliese as of the otlicr, because tlie inicrests, and 
 iiists, and j.assions of men are more Ci.ucerned in 
 the one tlian the other. Tillotson. 
 
 2, It has^ in some sort, the force of a pre- 
 position ; but, because it is compounded 
 of a noitn, has of after it. 
 
 Infancy demands nliment, such as lengthens 
 fihres v\ilhout breaking, because o/' the state of 
 accretion. Arbuthiv^t. 
 
 To Becha'nce. v. w. [from be and 
 cliance.] To befal ; to happen to: a 
 word proper, but now in little use. 
 
 My sons, God knows what has bechanced 
 
 tiieni. Shakesp. 
 
 Ali happiness bechnnce to thee at ]\lilan. Shu):. 
 
 Be'chicks. h. s [i^^x^na., of ^^| a cougii.] 
 Medicioes proper lor x'elieving coughs. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To BECK, w, n. [beacn. Sax. htc, IV, 
 
 head.] To make a sign with tlie head. 
 
 To Beck, tu a. To call or gxiide, as by 
 
 a motion of the head. 
 
 Bell, book, and candle, shall not drive me back, 
 When a:<'ld and silver beck me to come on. Shak. 
 
 Oh liiis false soul of Egypt, this gay cliarin, 
 Whose eye beck'd forth my wars, and cali'd ihom 
 home. Shukesp. Antiyny and Ckopada. 
 
 Beck. 7i. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, A sii^n with the head; a nod. 
 
 Ilasie tliee, nymph, and bring with thee 
 Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles, 
 Nods, and btcks, and wreathed smiles. MtUon. 
 
 2. A nod of command. 
 
 Neither the histy kind shewed any roughness, 
 nor tlie easier aiiy'idieness ; but still like a well- 
 obeyed muster, whose beck is enough for disci- 
 pline. Sidney- 
 Then forthwith to him takes a chosen band 
 Of spirits, likest to himself in guile, 
 Tv beat hand, and at his beck appear. Milton. 
 
 Tile menial fair, that round her wait, 
 At Helen's beck prepare the room of state. Pope. 
 
 To Be'ckon. v. n. To make a sign with- 
 out words. 
 
 Alexander fccr?cr'nei with the hand, and would 
 have made his defence unto the people. 
 
 Act%, xix. 33. 
 When he Jiad raised my thoughts by those 
 transporting airs, he beckoned to me, and, by the 
 w aving of ids hand, directed me to approach, 
 
 Addhon. 
 Sudden you mount, you beckon from the skies ; 
 Clouds interpose, waves roar, and winds arise ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
 TcJ Reckon, v. a, [fvom beck, or beacn. 
 Sax. a sign.] To make a sign to. 
 
 With her two crooked hands she sigiis did make, 
 And becknii'd him. Fairii Queen. 
 
 It beckons y6u to go away with it. 
 As if it some imparfment did desire 
 To you idune. Shakesp. 
 
 With this his distant friends he beckons near. 
 Provokes their duty, and prevents their fear. 
 
 DrydcH. 
 
 To Becli'p. V. a. [of be clyppan, Sax.] 
 
 To embrace. DicL 
 
 To Become, r. w, pret, / became; 
 
 comp. pret. J have become, [from bif 
 
 and come.'] 
 1 . To enter into some state or condition, 
 
 by a change from some otlier. 
 
 The Ijord God breathed into Ids nostrils the 
 breath of hie, and man became a living: soul. 
 
 GencuSf ii. 7. 
 
 And unto the Jews I became a Jew, that X miirht 
 gain the Jews. 1 Corinth, ix. 'JO. 
 
 BEG 
 
 A smaller pear grafted upon a stock that bcarcth 
 a greater pear, will become great. hacvn. 
 
 Aly voice llioa oft hast heard, and hast not 
 fear'd , 
 But still rejoic'd ; how is it now become 
 So dre;;df<!l to thee? ^til'on. 
 
 So the least faults, if mi,\*d willi fairest d-ed. 
 Of future ill /xTonjf the fatal seed, I'rurr. 
 
 2. To become of. To be the fate of; to 
 be the end of; to be the sub.sequent or 
 final condition of. It is observable, that 
 tliis word is never, or very seldom, used 
 but with what, either indefinite or in- 
 terrogative. 
 
 What is then become of so huge a nmltitudc, as 
 would have overspread'a great part of ihc conti- 
 nent. Halei^h. 
 
 Perplex'd wilh thoughts, uhai \\uvi\t\ f ecomt 
 Of me, and all mankind ? Milton. 
 
 The first hints of the circulation of the blood 
 were taken from a co. union person's wondering 
 what became of all the blood that issued out of the 
 heart. ^ Graunt. 
 
 What will become of me then ? for, when he is 
 free, he will infallibly accuse me. Drud. 
 
 What became ti/" th'is thouglitful busy creature, 
 when removed from this world, has amazed the 
 vulgar, and puzzled the wise. Uof^cis. 
 
 3. In the following passage, the phrase, 
 where is he become^ is used for, what has 
 become of him ? 
 
 I cannot joy, until I be resolv'd 
 Where our right valiant father is become. Siiakesp* 
 To Beco'me. r. a. [from be or bj/, and 
 cpenien Sax. to please.] 
 
 1. Applied to persons, to appear in a man- 
 ner suitable to something. 
 
 If 1 become not a cart as well as another man, 
 a plague on my bringing up. Shakesp. 
 
 \STiy would I be a ijueen ? because rav face 
 W' oulA wear the title w ith a better grace"; 
 If I became it not, yet it would be 
 Part oi ly our duty then to flatter me. Drtjd. 
 
 2, Applied to things, to be suitable to the 
 person ; to befit ; to be congruous to the 
 appearance, or character, or circum- 
 stances, in such a manner as to add 
 grace ; to be graceful. 
 
 She to )ier sire made humble reverence. 
 And bowed low, that her right well became. 
 And added grace unto her excellence. i'airu Q. 
 
 1 would I had some flowers o' ih' spring that 
 might 
 Become your time of day ; and your'saad your's, 
 That wear upon your virgin branches yet 
 Your maidenheacis growing. " Shakesp. 
 
 Vet be sad, good brothers ; 
 For, to speak truth, it very well ^ccomtfs yon. 
 
 Sltakcsp 
 Your dishonour 
 Mangles true judgment and bereaves the state 
 Of that integrity Vhich should ttTiwnp it. Shol'csp. 
 
 Wicherl\ vvas of my opinion, or rallitr I of his ; 
 for it becomes me so to speak of so excelleiu a 
 poet. Dryden 
 
 He utterly rejected their fables concerning their 
 gods, as no*t (xrcmiHO' good men, much less those 
 w Inch were worshipped for gods. Stillingjieet. 
 
 Becoming, particip.adj. [hon\ become.] 
 That which pleases by an elegant pro- 
 priety ; graceful. It is sometimes used 
 with the particle of\ but generally with.- 
 out any government of the following 
 words. 
 Of thee, kind boy, I ask no red and while 
 To m:ike up my delight. 
 No odd becoming graces, 
 Bluck eyes, or little know not what In fnce.". 
 
 Their discourses are such as belong to tlicir .me, 
 tiuir calling, and their breeding ; suchasttrcK- 
 coming of lUem, and of them oiily. Dryd.
 
 BED 
 
 Yet tome becomb?g boldness I may use ; 
 I've \vcll deserv'd, nor will lie now refuse. Dnjd. 
 
 Make their pupils repeat the action, that they 
 may Cf rrcet wliat is conslrailied in it, till it he 
 pcrVectcd into an habitual and becomiu'r easiness. 
 ' iMchc. 
 
 Beco'ming. 71. s. [fi-oiii birome.] Orna- 
 ment. A word not now in use. 
 
 Sir, forgive me, 
 ^ince my becomings kill mc when they not 
 Eye well to you. Shnltaii. 
 
 Beco'mingly. adv. [from bicomitig.] 
 
 After a becoming or proper manner. 
 Beco'mingness. n. s. [i'rom btvomirig. 
 
 See To Become.] Decency ; elegant 
 
 congruity ; propriety. 
 Nor is the majesty of the divine government 
 
 ereater in its extent, than tlie UcniR'titgui^s hereof 
 
 r . . ;. If /'. 
 
 1 in its manner and foriu. 
 
 Gil 
 
 BED. n.s. [beb, Sax.] 
 
 1 . Something made to sleep on. 
 
 Lying not erect, but hollow, which is in the 
 making of the bed; or with the legs gathered up, 
 which Is in the posture of the body, is the more 
 wholesome. Baant. 
 
 Rigour now is gone to /jty/. 
 And Advice with scrupulous head. MiUon. 
 
 Those houses then were caves, or homely sheds. 
 With twiiung oziers fenc'd, and moss their hnis. 
 
 Dn,.lt„. 
 
 2. Lodging; the convenience of a place 
 to sleep in. 
 
 On my knees I beg. 
 That you'll vouchsafe me raiment, bed, and food. 
 
 Skakcsp. 
 
 3. Marriage. 
 
 Geori;e, the eldest son of this second ied, was, 
 after the death of his father, by the sinculur care 
 aud ati'ection of his mother, well brougiit up. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 4. Bank of earth raised in a garden. 
 Herbs will be tenderer and fairer, if you take 
 
 tlieni out of beds, when they are newly come up, 
 and remove them into pots, with better earth. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 5. The channel of a river, or any hollow. 
 
 So high as heav'd the luniid hills, so low 
 Down sunk a hollow bottom, broad, and deep. 
 Capacious bed of waters. Milton. 
 
 'the great magazine for all kinds of treasure is 
 supposed to be the bed of the Tiber. We may be 
 sure, when the Romans lay under the apprehen- 
 sions of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous 
 enemy, that they would take care to bestow such 
 of iheir riches tliat way, as could be»t bear the 
 water. Addison, 
 
 6. The place where any thing is gene- 
 rated, or reposited. 
 
 Sec hoary Albula's infected tide 
 O'er the warm bed of smoaking sul|-hur glide. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 7. A layer ; a stratum ; a body spread 
 
 over another. 
 
 I see no reason, but the surface of the land 
 shoulrl be as regular as that of the water, in the 
 first production'of it: and the strata, or beds 
 within, lie as even. Bnrnet, 
 
 S. To l)7-higtoEEV>. Todeliverof achild. 
 It is often used with the particle of ; as, 
 she ?;•»,? brought to bed of a daughter. 
 
 Ten months after Floriniel .lappen'd to wed, 
 Aud was brought in a laudaole manner to bed. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 9. To make the Bed. To put the bed in 
 
 order after it has been used. 
 
 I keep his house, and I wash, wring, brew, 
 bake, scour, dress meat, and niafce the beds, ai.d 
 do all myself. Shake.yi, 
 
 Beu of It mortrir. [with gunners.] A solid 
 piece of oak, hollowed in the middle, 
 to receive the breech and half the trun- 
 nions. Diet. 
 
 BED 
 
 Bed of a gnat gun. That thick plank 
 which lies immediately under the piece, 
 being, as it were, the body of the car- 
 riage. Did. 
 
 To Bed. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To go to bed with. 
 
 They have married me ; 
 I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never ^cd her. Shaks, 
 
 2. To place in bed. 
 
 She was pnbli<klv contracted, stated as a bride, 
 and solemnly bedded; and, after she was laid, 
 Maximilian's* ambassador put his leg, stript naked 
 to the knee, between the espousal sheets. Bucon, 
 
 3. To make partaker of the bed. 
 
 There was a doubt rijipcd up, whether Arthur 
 was 6c(/r/e(/ with his lady. Bacoti. 
 
 4. 'l"o sow or plant in earth. 
 
 Lay the turf with the grass side downward, 
 upon" which lay some of your best mould to bed 
 your quick in, and lay your quick upon it. 
 
 Mortimer, 
 
 5. To lay in a place of rest, or security. 
 
 Let coarse bold hands, from slimy nest. 
 The bedded tish in hjuiks ovitwrest. Donne. 
 
 A snake bedded himself under the threshold of 
 a counlry-house, UEstrange. 
 
 6. To lay in order ; to stratify. 
 
 And as the sleeping soldiers in th' alarm, 
 Your bedded hairs, like life in excrements. 
 Start up and stand on end. Shakes]). 
 
 To Bed. i'. n. To cohabit. 
 
 If he be married, and bed with bis wife, and 
 afterwards relapse, he may possibly fancy that she 
 infected him. Wiseman, 
 
 Tw Beda'bble. ». a. [Crom dabble. ~\ To 
 wet ; to besprinkle. It is generally ap- 
 plied to persons, in a sense including in- 
 convenience. 
 
 Never so weary, never so in woe, 
 Bedabbled with the dew, and torn with briars, 
 1 can no further crawl, no further go. Shakesp, 
 
 To Beda'ggle. I', a. [from d/iggle.] To 
 bemire ; to soO clothes, by letting them 
 reach the dirt in walking. 
 
 To Beda'.sh. v. a. [from </rti/;.] To be- 
 mire by throwing dirt ; to bespatter ; to 
 wet with throwing water. 
 
 ^Vllen thy warlike father, like a child, 
 Told the sad story of my father's death. 
 That all the stanJcrs-by had wet their cheeks, 
 Like trees bedashed with rain. Shake/^peare. 
 
 To Beda'wb. v. a. [from dawb.] To 
 dawb over ; to besmear ; to soil, 'with 
 spreading any viscous body over it 
 A piteous corse, a bloody piteous corse. 
 Pale, pale as ashes, all bedaieb'd in blood. 
 All in gore blood. Shakesp. 
 
 To Beda'zzle. t'. a. [from dazzle.] To 
 make the sight dim by too much lustre. 
 
 My mistaken eyes. 
 That have been so'beda:zled by the sun. 
 That every thing I look on seemeth green. 
 
 Shakes]}. 
 
 Be'dchamber. v. s. [from bed and 
 chamber.] The chamber appropriated 
 to rest. 
 
 They were brought to the king, abiding them 
 
 in his bedchamber. Hayward. 
 
 He was now one of the bedchamber to the prince. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 Be'dclothes. n. s. [from bed and 
 clothes. It has no sirigular.] Cover- 
 lets spread over a bed. 
 
 For he will be swine drunk, and in his sleep he 
 docs little harm, save to his bedclothes about him. 
 
 Shakc'ip. 
 Be'dder. 7 n. s. [from bed.] The 
 Bedetter. 3 nether-stone of an oil- 
 mill. 
 
 BED 
 
 Be'ddtng. «. s. [from bed.] The ma-^ 
 terials of a bed ; a bed. 
 
 There be no inns wlicre meet bedding may he 
 had, so that his mantle serves him then (or a t>ed. 
 
 Spenser, 
 
 First, with assiduous care from winter keep. 
 Well fother'd in tlie stalls thy tender sheep ; 
 Then spread willi straw the beddiit^ of tliy fold, 
 Witii fern beneath, to fend the bitter cold. JJryd. 
 
 Arcite return'd, and as in honour tied, 
 His foe with bedding and with food supply'd. 
 
 Dry den' 
 
 To Bede'ck. w. a. [from deck.] To 
 deck ; to adorn ; to grace. 
 
 U'hou sliam'st thy shape, thy iove, thy wit. 
 And usest none in that true use indeed, 
 W hicli should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy wit. 
 
 Sfiakep, 
 Female it seems, 
 I'hat so hed€ck\l, ornate, and gay. 
 Comes this way. Milton. 
 
 Wiih ornamental drops hedeck'd X stood, 
 And writ my victory with my enemy's blood. 
 
 Korris. 
 Now Ceres, in her prime. 
 Smiles fertile, and with ruddiest freight hederht, 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 Be'dehouse. n, s, [from bebe. Sax. a 
 prayer, and house ~\ An hospital or alms- 
 house, where the poor people pra5'"ed for 
 their founders and benefactors. 
 
 Bede'tter. See Bedder. 
 
 To Bede'w. v. a. [from deiv.l Tomoisten 
 gently, as with the fall of dew. 
 
 Bedew her pasture's grass witli English blood. 
 
 Shakciip. 
 
 Let all the tears, that should hedctv my herse. 
 
 Be drops of balm to sanctify thy head. Shakesp. 
 
 The countess received a letter from him, wliere-- 
 
 unto ail the while she was writing her answer, she 
 
 bedewed the paper with her tears. Wottmi. 
 
 What slender youth, tedfuj'd with liquid odours, 
 
 Courts thee on roses, in some pleasant cave ? 
 
 Milton. 
 Balm, from a silver box distill'd round. 
 Shall all bedew the roots, and scent the sacred 
 ground. Deyd, 
 
 He said : and falling tears his face bedew. 
 
 Bryd. 
 
 Be'dfellow. n.s. [from hed^ndfdlow.'] 
 One that lies in the same bed. 
 
 He loves your people. 
 But tie mm not to be their bcdfelhw. Shakesp. 
 
 Misery acquaints a, man with strange bedfellows. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Why doth the crown lie there upon his pillow. 
 Being so troublesome a bedfellow? Shakesp. 
 
 A man would as soon choose him for bis bed- 
 fellow as his play-fellow. UEstrange, 
 What cliarniing hcdfellowx, and companions for 
 life, men choose out of such women. Addison. 
 
 To Bedi'ght. v. a, [from dight.] To 
 adorn ; to dress ; to set off: an old word, 
 now only used in humorous writings, 
 
 A maiden fine bedight he hapt to love j 
 The maiden fine bedight his love retains. 
 And for the village he forsakes the ]i!ains. Gay. 
 
 To Bedi'm. r. fl. [from dim.] To make 
 dim ; to obscure ; to cloud ; to darken. 
 
 I have hedimm'd 
 The noontide sun, call'd forth the mutinous 
 
 wind'>, 
 And 'twixt the green sea and the azure vault 
 Set roaring war. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bedi'zen. v. a. [from dizen.] To 
 dress out : a low word. 
 
 BE'DLAM. n.s. [corrupted from ^e//i/f- 
 he^rij the name of a religious house in 
 London, converted afterwards into an 
 hospital for the mad and lunatick.] 
 
 164
 
 BED 
 
 1 . A madliouse ; a place appointed for the 
 c.'ire of lunacy. 
 
 2. A mailman ; a lunatick, and inhabitant 
 of Bedlam. 
 
 Let's fdiiow the old carl, a[iH get the hcdhim 
 To lead him wliere lie would ; Ids roguibll madness 
 Allows itself to any tiling. Shakcsji. 
 
 Bedlam, adj. [from the noim.] Belong- 
 ing to a ma<lliouse ; fit for a madhouse. 
 
 Tile country gives iiie proof and precedent 
 Of btiihim beggars, who with roaring voices 
 Strike in tlicir"nunib'd and mortify 'd bare arms 
 Pins, wooden pricks. Uluikc^p. 
 
 Be'dlamite. n. s. [from btdlam.] An 
 inhabitant of Bedlam ; a madman. 
 
 If wild ambition ill thy bosom reign, 
 Alas ! thou boast'st thy sober sense in vain ; 
 In these fioor bctllantitcs thyself survey, 
 Thyself less uinoccntly mad tlian they. Fitzgerald. 
 
 Be'dmaker. n. s. [from bed and tnake.] 
 A person in the universities, whose 
 office it is to make tile bedsj and clean 
 the cliambers. 
 
 I vas deeply in love with my bcdmaker, upon 
 which I was rusticated for ever. Spectator. 
 
 Be'dmate. n.s. [trom bed and mate.] A 
 bedfellow ; one tliat partakes of the 
 same bed. 
 
 ■ Had I so good occasion to lie long 
 As you, prince Paris, nought but heav'nly business 
 Should rob my bedittute of my company. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'dmotjlding. i 7i.s. [from 6erf 
 
 Be'dding moulding, j and jnoi^W.] A 
 
 term used by workmen, to signify those 
 
 members in the cornice, which are 
 
 placed below the coronet. Build. Did. 
 
 Bedpost, n. s. [from bed and post.] 
 
 •■ The post at the corner of tlie bed, which 
 
 supports the canopy. 
 
 I came the next day prepared, and placed her 
 in a clear light, her head leanui^ to a bedpost, an- 
 other standing behind, holding it steady. 
 
 u'isemans Surgerii. 
 
 Be'dpressee. n.s. [from bed and press.] 
 A heavy lazy fellow. 
 
 This sanguine coward, thhbedpresxr, this horse- 
 back breaker, this huge hill of tlcsh. Shakap. 
 
 To Bedraggle, v. a. [from be and 
 draggle.] To soil the clothes, by suf- 
 fering them, in walking, to reach the dirt. 
 
 Poor Patty Blount, no more be seen 
 Bedraggled in my walks so green. Swift. 
 
 To Bedre'nch. v. a. [from be and 
 drench.] To drench ; to soak ; to satu- 
 rate with moisture. 
 
 Far off from the mind of Bolingbroke 
 It is, such crimson tempest shouhl bedrench 
 The fresh green lap of fair king Richard's land. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bk'drid. adj. [from heds-ndride.] Con- 
 fined to the beil by age or sickness. 
 
 Norway, uncle of young Fonlinbras, 
 AMio, impotent and bedrid, scarcely hears 
 Of this Ids nephew's purpose. Shakesp. 
 
 LiGs he nut bedrid ? and, again, does nothing. 
 But what he did, being childish ? Shakesp. 
 
 Now, as a myriad 
 Of ants durst th' emperor's lov'd snake invade ; 
 The crawling galleys, sea-gulls, (imiv chips, 
 Slightbrave our pinnaces, our kt/riJ s"liips. Donne. 
 
 Hanging old men, who were bedrid, because 
 they would not discover where their money was. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Infirm persons, when they come to be so weak 
 as to be fixed to their beds, 'hold out many years ; 
 some have lain 6f(/iii( twenty years. Kay. 
 
 Be'drite. n.s. [from &«/ and nVt.] Tlie 
 
 privilege of the marriage bed. 
 
 BEE 
 
 Whr.sc- vows are, that no bedrile shall be paid 
 Till Hymen's torch be lighted. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bedkop. v. a. [fix>m be and drop.] 
 To besprinkle ; to mark with spots or 
 drops ; to speckle. 
 
 Not so thick swarm'd once the soil 
 Dedrop^d with blood of Gorgon. Milton. 
 
 Our [>lenteous streams a various race supply : 
 The silver eel, in shining volumes roH'd ; 
 Theycllowcari),in scales hedropd with gold. Pope. 
 BE'D.STAFr. n. s. [bed and staff.] A 
 wooden j)in stuck anciently on the sides 
 of the bedstead, to hold the clothes from 
 slipping on either side, 
 flostess, accommodate us with a beditaff. 
 
 Ben Jonsmis Everij Matiinhisntimour. 
 
 Be'dstead. n. 4-. [frorti bed and slead.] 
 
 The frame on which the bed is placed. 
 
 Chimnies with scorn rejecting smoke; 
 Stools, tables, chairs, and bedsteads broke. Su-i^ft. 
 Be'dstraw. n. s. [from bed and straw ] 
 The straw laid under a bed to make it 
 soft. 
 
 Fleas breed principally of straw or mats, where 
 there hath been a little iiioisture ; or the chamber 
 or bedstraw kept close, and not aired. Bacon. 
 
 Be'dswerver. n. s. [from bed and 
 swerve.] One that is false to the bed ; 
 one that ranges or swerves from one bed 
 to another. 
 
 She's a bedsieerver, even as bad as those 
 That vulgars give the boldest titles to. Sljake.^ 
 Be'dtime. n.s. [from bed imd time.] 
 The hour of rest, sleeping time. 
 
 \^'hat masks, what dances shall we have, 
 To wear away this long age of three hours. 
 Between our after-supper and bedtime. Shakesp. 
 After evening repasts, till bedtime, their thoughts 
 will be best taken up in the easy grounds of 
 religion. _ Hilton. 
 
 "The scouring drunkard, if he does not fight 
 
 Before his bedtime, takes no rest that night. Dryd. 
 
 To Bedu'ng. I', a. [from be and dung.] 
 
 To cover or manure with dung. 
 To Bedu'st. v. a. [from be and dust.] 
 
 To sprinkle with dust. 
 Be'dward. adv. [from ierf and warrf.] 
 Toward bed. 
 
 In heart 
 As merry as when our nuptial day was done. 
 And tapers burnt to 6ff/avn-rf. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bedwa'rf. v. a. [from be and dwarj.] 
 To make little ; to hinder in growth ; to 
 stunt. 
 
 'Tis shrinking, not close weaving, that hath thus 
 
 In mind and body both bedwaifed us. Donne. 
 
 Be'dwoRK. }i. s. [from bed and tcorlc] 
 
 Work done in bed ; work performed 
 
 without toil of the hands. 
 
 The still and mental parts, 
 Tliat do contrive how many hands shall strike. 
 When fulness call them on, and know , by measure 
 Of their observant toll, the enemy's weight ; 
 Why this hath not a finger's dignity. 
 They call this bedieork, mapp'ry, closet war. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 BEE. n. s. [beo, Saxon.] 
 1. Tlie animal that makes honey, remark- 
 able for its industry and art. 
 bo work the honey bees. 
 Creatures that by a ruling nature teach 
 The art of order to a peopled kingdom. Shakesp. 
 
 From the Moorish camp 
 There has been heard a distant humming noise. 
 Like bees disturb'd and arming in their liives. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 A company of poor insects, whereof some are 
 
 bees, delighted with flowers, and their sweetness ; 
 
 others beetles, delighted with other viands. Locke. 
 
 BEE 
 
 2. An industrious and careful person. 
 This signification is only used in fami- 
 liar Imiguage. 
 
 Bee eater, n. s. [from bee and eat.] 
 A bird that feeds upon bees. 
 
 Bee-flower, n.s. [(rom bee and Jlower.] 
 A species of fool-stones. Miller. 
 
 Bee-garden, n.s. [dom bee a.nd gar- 
 den.] A place to set hives of bees in. 
 
 A convenient and necessary place ought to be 
 made choice of for your apiary or bee-garden. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Bee-hive. n. s. [from bee and hire.] 
 The case, or box, in which bees are kept. 
 Bee-master, n.s. [irom bet aiad master.] 
 One that keeps bees. 
 
 Ihey that are bee-masters, and have not care 
 enough of them, must not e.vpect to reap any con- 
 siderable advantage by them. Mortimer. 
 BEECH, n.s. [beceorboc. Sax. ;/a^tts.] 
 There is but one species of this tree at present 
 known, except two varieties with striped leaves. 
 It will grow to a considerable stature, though tJie 
 soil be stoncy and barren ; as also, upon the de- 
 clivities of mountains. The shade oi^ this tree is 
 very injurious to plants, but is believed to be very 
 salubrious to human bodies. The timber is of 
 great use to turners and joiners. The ma«t is 
 very good to fatten swine and deer. Miller. 
 Blacli was the forest, thick with beech it stood* 
 
 Dryden. 
 Nor is that sprightly wilduess in their notes. 
 Which clear and vigorous, warbles from the beech. 
 
 Tliomson. 
 
 Be'echen. adj. [bucene, Sax.] Consist- 
 ing of the wood of the beech ; belong- 
 ing to the beech. 
 
 With diligence he'll serve us when we dine. 
 And iu plidu beechen vessels fill our wine. Vryd. 
 
 BEEF. n. s. [brei/f, French.] 
 
 1. The flesh of black cattle prepared for 
 food. 
 
 What say you to a piece of beef and mustard ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The fat of roasted beef falling on birds, will 
 
 baste them. Swit't. 
 
 2. All ox, bull, or cow, considered as fit 
 for food. In this sense it has the plural 
 beeves ; the singular is seklom found. 
 
 A pound of man's tiesh 
 Is not so estim-.ible or profitable, 
 As tlesh of muttons, beeves, or goats. Shakesp. 
 
 Alcinous slew twelve sheep, eight white-tootli ci 
 swine. 
 Two crook-l.aunch'd beeves. Chapman. 
 
 There was not any captain, but had credit for 
 more victuals than we spent there ; and vet they 
 had of me tifty beeves among thein. Sir italt. Ba). 
 
 On hides of beeves, before the palace gate. 
 Sad spoils of luxury ! the suitors sate. Pope. 
 
 Beef. adj. [from the substantive.] Con- 
 sisting of the flesh of black cattle. 
 
 If you are employed in marketing, do not ac- 
 cept of a treat of a beef steak and a pot of ale, 
 from the butcher. Suift. 
 
 Beef-eater, n. s. [from beef and eat, 
 because the commons is beef when on 
 waiting. Mr. Stevens derives it thus : 
 Beef eater may come from beaufetier, 
 one who attends at the sideboard, which 
 was anciently placed in a beutijet. The 
 business of the beefeatt rs was, and per- 
 haps is still to attend the king at meals.] 
 k yeoman of the guard. 
 
 Beef-witted, adj. [from 6ff/ and m-iV.] 
 Dull ; stupiil ; heavy-headed. 
 BecJ'-uitted lord. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'emol. n. s. This word I have found 
 
 1(53
 
 BEE 
 
 only iii'the example, and know nothing 
 of the etymology, unless it be a cor- 
 ruption of bi/modiile, iiom by and mo- 
 dulus, a note ; that is, a note out of the 
 regular order. 
 
 ■J'iicre be inlcrveniout hi tlie rise of fight, in 
 Iniips, t"o Intiuob, or hair notes ; so as, if you 
 divide liie tones eqnaliv, the eight is but seven 
 wliole and ei|ual notes. * Kiron. 
 
 Been. [beon. Saxon.] The participle 
 preterite of To Be. 
 
 Enongii t'iat virtue ti!l"d the space between, 
 
 I'rov'd by tlie ends of being to Imve hcdi. Vope. 
 
 Beer. w. i [bir, Welsh.] Liquor made 
 
 of malt and hops. It is distingiu'.^hed 
 
 from ale, either by being older or smaller. 
 
 Here's a pot of good double beer, neighbour : 
 ^'\\-ii^- il.iikcsp. 
 
 1 ry clarifvine with almonds in new hirr. Bnron. 
 
 Flow, Welsled! flow, like tliine in<|iirer, //m-; 
 Tho' slide, not ripe ; tho' thin, vet never elear;' 
 So sweetly mawkish, and so smoothly didl ; 
 Heady, liot strong ; and foaming, tlio' not full. 
 
 I'ope. 
 
 Beestings. See Biestings. 
 Beet. «. s. [beta, Lat.] The name of a 
 plant. 
 
 The species arc, 1. The common white beet, 
 2. The connnon sreen beet. 3. 'J'he eonmion red 
 beet, 4. Tlie turnep-rooted red beet. b. The 
 great red beet. 6. The yellow beet. 7. The Swiss 
 or Chard beet. Milter 
 
 BEETLE, w..?. [byrel, Saxon.] 
 1 . An insect distinguished ijy having hard 
 cases or sheaths, under which he folds 
 his wings. 
 
 They are as shards, and he their ^fe(/e. S}n:l(esi>. 
 The poor heetlethst we tread upon. 
 In corpoial sufl'rance iiiids a pang as great. 
 As when a giant dies. Sliuhesp. 
 
 Others come sharp of sight, and too provident 
 for that which concern'd their own interest ; but 
 as blind as bcetks in foreseeint; this great and com- 
 mon danger. Knoli'es Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 A grot there was with hoary moss o'Vrgrown, 
 The clasping ivies up the ruins creep. 
 And ih»re the hat and drowsy beetle sleep. Garth 
 
 The butterflies and beetle's are sueli numerous 
 ti-ihes, that, I believe, in our own native country, 
 alone, the species of each kind may amount to 
 one hundred and fifty, or more. ' Uaii. 
 
 3. A heavy mallet, or wooden hammer, 
 with which wedges are driven, and 
 pavements rammed. 
 
 If I do, fillip me with a three man beetle. SJiak. 
 
 When, by the help of w<ds;es and /lectte, an 
 image is cleft out of the trunk of some well- 
 grown tree ; yet, after all the skill of artificers to 
 set forth such a divine block, it cannot one mo- 
 inent secure itself from being eaten by worms, or 
 defiled by birds, or cut in pieces by axes. 
 
 Siillingjieet. 
 Jo Be'etle. r. n. [from the noun.] To 
 jut out ; to hang over. 
 
 What if it leiiipl voa tow'rd the flood my, lord ' 
 Or to the dreadful 'summit of the did', 
 1 hat beetles o'er his base into the sea r Shakesp. 
 
 Or where the hawk 
 High in the beetling clift' his airy builds i" Thomson. 
 
 Beetled-bro'wed. adj. [from beetle 
 
 and broivj] Having prominent brows. 
 
 Enquire for the heetlehrow'd critic, &c. Siiifi. 
 
 Beetlehe'aoed. adj. [from beetle and 
 
 /lead.] Loggerheaded ; wooden-headed; 
 
 having a head stupid, like the head of a 
 
 wooden beetle. 
 
 A whoreson, bectteheaded, flap-ear'd knave. 
 
 Shakey\ 
 
 Bf/etlestock. m. s. [from beetle and 
 stock.] The handle of a beetle. 
 
 B E F 
 
 Be'eth.-vve. "I 
 Beetradish./ "•*• A plant. 
 Beeves. «. .9. [The plural of bee/.] 
 Black cattle; oxen. 
 
 One way, a band select from forage drives 
 A herd of becoes, fair o.'ceii, and fair kiiie, 
 t rora a fat meadow ground. Milton. 
 
 Others make good the paucity of Iheir breed 
 w itli the length and duration of th'eir days ; where- 
 ol there want not examples in animals uiiiparous, 
 first, II] bisulcous or cloveii-hoiifed, as caajcls: 
 and beeves, whereof there is above a million an- 
 nually slain inEiigland. Broim's l'ul.i:rr. 
 
 Beeves, at his touch, at once to jelly turn, 
 And the huge boar is shrunk into an urn. Pope. 
 To KiiF A' LL. v.ri. [from/ ull. It befell, 
 
 it hatli befallen.] 
 1. To liap]3en to ; used generally of ill. 
 Let me know 
 The worst that may kf,dl me in this case. Shakesp 
 
 Other doubt posses'ses me, lest harm 
 BePi 1 1 the<?, sevt r'd from me. l\Iiltim 
 
 This venerable person, who probably heard our 
 .Saviour's |,ropliecv of tiie destructioii of Jeriisa- 
 em, drew his congregation out of these unparal- 
 leled calamities, which bej'ell his countrymen. 
 T., . J. Addison. 
 
 I Ins disgrace has befallen them, not because 
 they deserved it, but be'cause the people li 
 
 faces 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To happen to, as good or neutral 
 
 Bion asked an envious man, that was very sad, 
 what harm had befallen unlo him, or what" good 
 had befallen unlo another man. Bacon. 
 
 No man can certainly conclude God's love or 
 hatred to any person, 'from what befalls him in 
 "''" ""''d. Tillotson, 
 
 3. To liappen, to come to pass. 
 But since th' all'airs of men .are still uncertain, 
 
 Let s reason with the worst that may befall. Shak 
 
 I have reveal'd 
 ■This discord which befell, and was in heav'n 
 Among th'angelick pow'rs. Mihon, 
 
 4. It is used sometimes with to before the 
 person to whom any thing happens; 
 this is rare. 
 
 Some great mischief hath befull'n 
 To that meek man. Paradise Lost. 
 
 5. To befall of. To become of; to be the 
 state or condition of: a phrase little used. 
 
 Do me the favour to dilate at full 
 What hath befall'n of them, and thee, till now. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Bef'it. v. a. [from be ani] Jit.] To 
 
 suit ; to be suitable to ; to become. 
 
 Blind is his love, and best befits the dark. Shak, 
 
 Out of my sight, thou serpeiit I — that name best 
 
 Be/Us thee, with him leagued ; thyself as false. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 I will bring you where she sits. 
 Clad in splendour, as befits 
 ^'i^"ivh^-. Milton. 
 
 Thou, what befits the new lord mayor, 
 Art anxiously inquisitive to know. 
 
 nriid. 
 
 To Befool, v. a. [from be and fool.] To 
 
 infatuate; to fool; to deprive of under- 
 
 standing ; to lead into ei rour. 
 
 J\Jen befool themselves infinitely, w hen, by vent- 
 iiig a fev'v sit^hs, they will needs persuade them- 
 selves that they have repented. South. 
 Jeroboam thought |iolicy the best piety, thoia-h 
 in nothing more befooled ;' the nature of 'sin beina 
 not only to defile,' but to infatuate. South. 
 Befo're. prep, [bipojian. Sax.] 
 
 1. Farther onward in place. 
 Their common practice was to look no further 
 
 before them than the next line ; whence it will fol- 
 low that they can drive to no certain point, jjryd. 
 
 2. In the front of; not behind. 
 
 Who shall go 
 Before them, in a cloud and pillar of fire, 
 By day a cloud, by irtghtapiUar of Ure, 
 
 B E F 
 
 ■To guide them in their jonriiev, and remove 
 Bcluiul them, while the obdurate king pursues. 
 „ T , Millon. 
 
 J. in the presence of: noting authority 
 or conquest. 
 
 Great queen of galherinK clouds, 
 sec we fall bifore thee ! 
 
 I'.;oslrate we adore thee ! Drwlen. 
 
 i lie Alps and Pyrenean sink /ir/;.rc him. Addis. 
 
 4. In the presence of : noting respect. 
 We see that blushing and casting down of the 
 
 eyes, both are more when we come /"_ti>rf many. 
 
 rp, ' Bactm. 
 
 I hey represent our poet betwixt a farmer and a 
 courtier, when lie drest himself in his best habit 
 to appear bejure his patron. Uraden. 
 
 5. Li Sight of. 
 
 Before the eyes of both our armies here. 
 Let us not wrangle. Shakesp. 
 
 o. Under the cognizance of: noting juris- 
 dicticn. 
 
 If a suit be begun before an archdeacon, the or- 
 dinary may license the suit to an higiier court. 
 _ , , - Aulifle. 
 
 7. In the power of : noting the right" of 
 choice. 
 
 Tlie world was all before them, where to chuse 
 I heir place of rest, and Providence their guide. 
 
 >-.. , . . Mittfln. 
 
 Give us this evening; thou hast morn and night. 
 And all lie year, before thee for delight. Druden. 
 
 lie hallij>i,i us 111 the hands of our own counsel. 
 
 Life and death, prospe.ity and destruction, are 
 
 „ '"'J"''" "s- . TilbHsm. 
 
 8. by the mipulse of something behind. 
 Her part, poor soul! seeming as burdened 
 
 With lesser weidit, but not with lesser woe. 
 Was carried with more sjieed before the wind. 
 
 tr . ! , ,. Shakesp. 
 
 Hurried by fate, he cries, and borne before 
 A turious wind, we leave the faithful shoie. 
 
 r. T. T • • Dryden. 
 
 y. I'recedmg ni time. 
 
 Particular advantages it has before all the book$ 
 which have app-eared before it in this kind. Dii/d. 
 10. In preference to. 
 
 We should but presume to determine which 
 should be the fittest, till we see be hath chosen 
 some one ; which one we may then boldly say to 
 be the fittest, because be hath taken it before' the 
 '^\\-, 'Hooker. 
 
 We think poverty to be infinitely desirable 
 before the torments of covetousness. Taylor, 
 
 11. Prior to; nearer to any thing; as, 
 the eldest son is before the younger in 
 succession. 
 
 12. Superior to; as he is before his com- 
 petitors both in right and power. 
 
 Befo'ije. adi^. 
 
 1. Sooner than ; earlier in time. 
 
 Heav'niy born. 
 Before the hills anpear'il, or fountain flow'd, 
 1 boil wilh eternal wisdom didst converse. Milton. 
 Jjefore ti' o monllis their orb with light adorn, 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 If heav'n alhm' me life, I will return. 
 
 2. In time ))a.st. 
 
 Such a pleiifei.us crop Ihey bore. 
 Of jiiirest and well wiimowVl grain. 
 As Biifain never knew before. 
 
 3. In some time lately past. 
 
 I shall resume soinewhai which had been befirre 
 said, touching the queslion bcfniegoing. Hak. 
 4 Previously to ; in order to. 
 
 Before this elaborate treatise can become of 
 use to my country, two points are necessary. Smji. 
 
 5. To this time ; hitherto. 
 
 The peaceful cities of lb' Ausouian shore, 
 Liill'd in her ease, and undisturb'd bef(n-e. 
 Are all on lire. Dryden, 
 
 6, Already. 
 
 Vou tell me, mother,, what I knew before, 
 The Phiygiau fleet is landed on the shore. Dryd 
 
 168
 
 BEG 
 
 7. Farther onward in place. 
 
 Thou'rt so far before. 
 The swiftest wing of reconipence is slow 
 To overtake thee. Shakcsp. 
 
 Befo'kehand. adv. [from before and 
 /lauiL] 
 
 1. In a state of anticipation, or preoccupa- 
 tion : sometimes with tiie particle wil/i. 
 
 Quotii liudiiiras, I am hrfon-haiui 
 Iq that already, itii/i your command. Hudihras. 
 
 Your sou! lias been bi'^'orcliand u-itli S'tnir body; 
 And drunk so deep a draught of proniis'd bliss, 
 She sluiubers o'er the cup. Dtyd. 
 
 I have not rcjom for mpny reflections ; the last 
 cited author has been b^'onhand with rae, in its 
 proper nioal. Addisi/n. 
 
 2. Previously; by way of preparation, or 
 preliminary. 
 
 His profession is to deliver precepts necessary 
 to eloquent sjieech ; yet so, that they which re- 
 ceive them, may be taught beforchana the skill of 
 speaking. Hooker. 
 
 When the lawyers brought extravagant bills. Sir 
 Roger used to bargain beforehand, to cut oil' a 
 quarter of a yard in any part of the bill. Arbuth. 
 
 3. Antecedently ; aforetimes. 
 
 It would be resisted by such as had beforehand 
 resisted the general proofs of the gospel. Atlerb. 
 
 4. In a state of accumulation, or so as that 
 more has been received than expended. 
 
 Stranger's house is at this time rich, and much 
 iej'orehand; for it hath laid up revenue these 
 tliirty-^even years. Bacon. 
 
 5. At first ; before any thing is done. 
 What is a man's contending with insuperable 
 
 ditficullies, but the rolling of Sisvphus's stone up 
 the hill, which is soon beforehand to return upon 
 him again' L' Estrange. 
 
 Befoketime. adv. [from before and 
 time.] Formerly ; of old time. 
 
 Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to en- 
 quire of God, thus he spake. 1 Samuel. 
 
 To Befo'rtune. r. n. [from he and/o?-- 
 iune?\ To happen to ; to betide. 
 
 I give consent to go along with you ; 
 Recking as little wlfat befideth me. 
 As much I wish all good befortune yon. Shakfsp. 
 To Befo'ul. v. a. [from be and foul.] 
 To make foul ; to soil ; to dirt. 
 Tu Befri'end. v. a. [tromhe andfrievd.] 
 To favour ; to he kind to ; to counte- 
 nance; to shew friendship to ; to benefit. 
 
 If it will please Ca;sar 
 To be so good to Ca;sar, as to hear me, 
 1 shall beseeth him to befriend himself. Sliakesji. 
 Now, if vour plots be ripe, you are befriended 
 With opportunity. 'Denham. 
 
 See them embarked. 
 And tell me If the w inds and seas befriend them. 
 
 Addison. 
 Be thou the first true merit to befriend ; 
 His praise is lost, who stays till all commend. P.^je. 
 Brother-servants must befriend one another. 
 
 Suifi. 
 Tn Befri'nge. v. a. [from be and fringe.] 
 To decorate, as with fringes. 
 
 When I flatter, let mv dirty leaves 
 ri.)tlie spice, Ihie trunks, or, fliitt'riug in arow, 
 Brfrmge the rails of Bedlam and Suho. I'ope. 
 
 To BEG. V. V. [beggeren, Germ.] To 
 li'e upon alms; to live by asking relief 
 of others. 
 1 cannot dig ; to teg I am ashamed. Luke. 
 
 To Beg. v. a. 
 
 I. To ask; to seek by petition. 
 
 He went to Pilate and begged the bod v. 
 
 'Matthew. 
 
 See how they beg an alms of flattery. Young. 
 
 BEG 
 
 2. To take any tiling for granted, without 
 evidence or proof. 
 
 We have not beggpA any principles or supposi- 
 tions, for the proul' uf this ; but taken tliat coiii- 
 raon ground, which both Moses and ail antiquity 
 present. Burntft. 
 
 To Bege't. v. a. begot, or begat ; I 
 have bcgoUeiiy or begot, [besertan. Sax. 
 to obtain. See To Get.] 
 
 1 . To generate ; to procreate ; to become 
 the father of, as chilch'en. 
 
 But iirst come the hours, wliich wc hegot 
 III Jove's sweet paradise, of day and niglit, 
 Which do the seasons of the year allot. Spenser. 
 
 I talk of dicanis, 
 Which are the children of an idle brain, 
 Bcg>->t of nothing but vain phantasy. Skakesp. 
 
 VVho hath frf^otteu me these, seeing I liave lost 
 my children, and am desolate ? Isa'tuh. 
 
 'Twas he the noble Claudian race begat. Dryd. 
 L.(jveh begot by (-.nicy, bred 
 By ignorance, by expectation fed. Granmlle. 
 
 2. To produce, as effects. 
 
 If to iiave done the thing yon gave in charge, 
 Beget you happiness, be happy then; 
 For it is done. Shahesp. 
 
 Aly whole intention was to beget, in the mindi 
 of men, magnificent sentiments of God and his 
 works. Cheyne 
 
 3. To produce, as accidents. 
 
 Is it a time for storj', when each minute 
 Begets a thousand dangers ? Denham. 
 
 4. It is sometimes used with on, or upon, 
 before the mother. 
 
 Begot upon 
 His mother Martha by Ids father John. Spectator. 
 
 Bege'tter. n. s, [from beget.] He that 
 procreates, or begets ; the father. 
 
 Fur what tlieir prowess gain'd, the law declares 
 Is to themselves alone, and to their heirs : 
 No share of that goes back to the begetter. 
 But if the son figlits well, and plunders better — 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 Men continue the race of mankind, commonly 
 without the intention, and often against the con- 
 sent and will, of the begetter. Locke. 
 
 Be'ggar. 71. s. [fi-om beg. It is more 
 
 properly written begger ; but the com 
 
 mon orthography is retained, because 
 tliC derivative^ all preserve the c] 
 
 1. One who lives upon alms; one who 
 has nothing but what is given him. 
 
 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and 
 lifteth \\\i\\\^ beggar from the dunghill, to set iheni 
 among princes. Samuel. 
 
 We see the whole equipage of a beggar so drawn 
 by Homer, as even to retain a nobleness and 
 dignity. Broome. 
 
 2. One who supplicates for any thing ; a 
 petitioner ; for which beggar is a harsh 
 
 and contemptuous term. 
 
 ^Vhat subjects will precarious kings regard ? 
 A beggar speaks too softly to be heard. Dryd. 
 
 3. One who assumes what he does not 
 prove. 
 
 1 liesp shameful beggars of principles, who give 
 this precarious account of the original of tilings, 
 assume to themselves to be men ui" reason. Tillvts. 
 
 To Be'ggar. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish. 
 
 Wiose heav\-hand hath bow'd you to the grave, 
 
 And beggar'd yours for ever. ' Shakcsp. 
 
 They shall spoil ihe clothiers wool, and beggar 
 
 the present spinners. Grauni. 
 
 The miser 
 With heav'n, for twopence, cheaply wipes his 
 
 score, 
 Lifts up his eyes, and hastes to beggar more. Gay 
 
 2. To deprive. 
 
 BEG 
 
 Necessity, of matter beggar'd, 
 Will nothing stick our persons to ai.-aigii 
 In ear and ear. Shakesp. 
 
 .3. To exhaust. 
 
 For her person, 
 It beggar'd all description j she did lie 
 In her pavilion, cloth of gold, of tissue, 
 O'cr-jticturing Venus. Shake.^. 
 
 Be'ggarliness. 71. s. [from beggarly.] 
 The state of being beggarly ; meanness ; 
 poverty. 
 Beggarly, adj. ['tiom beggar.] Mean; 
 poor; indigent; in the condition of a 
 beggar: used both of persons and 
 things. 
 
 I ever will, though he do shake me off 
 To 6e^^ar/i/divorcemcnt, love him dearly. Shakes. 
 
 A heg^^arltj account of empty boxes. Shakes. 
 
 W ho, that beheld such a bankrupt beggarly fel- 
 low as Cromwell eirtering the i>arliaii:ent lioiise, 
 with a thread-bare, torn cloak, and greasy hat, 
 could have suspected that he should, by the 
 murder of one king and the banishment of an- 
 otlier, ascend the throne .^ South. 
 
 The next town has the reputation of being e.t- 
 tremely poor and beggarlu. Addison. 
 
 Corusodes, by extreme parsimony, saved thirty- 
 four pounds out of a beggarlu fellowship. Swiji. 
 
 Be'ggarly. adf. [from /uggur.] 
 Meanly ; despicably ; indigently. 
 
 Touching God himself, hath he revealed that it 
 is liis delight to dwell beggarli/ ? And that he 
 taketh no pleasure to be worshipped, saving only 
 in poor cottages ? Jit'cker. 
 
 B'eggary. n. s. [from beggar.] Indi- 
 gence ; poverty in the utmost degree. 
 
 On he brought me into so bare a house, that it 
 was the picture of miserable happiness and rich 
 beggarif. Sidney. 
 
 nhile I am a beggar, I will rail. 
 And say there is no sin but to be rich . 
 And being rich, my virtue then shall be. 
 To say there is no vice but heggnrti. Shakesp. 
 
 We nmst become not only poor for the present, 
 but reduced, by further mortgages, to a state of 
 beggary for endless years to come. Sii^ift. 
 
 To BEGI'N. V. n. I began, or begun ; I 
 have begun, [bejinnan, Sax. from be, 
 or by to, and janjan, jaan, or jan, to 
 
 go-] 
 
 1 . To enter upon something new : applied 
 to persons. 
 
 lii'.'iii every day to repent ; not that thou 
 shouldst at alfdcfer it ; but all that is past.ought 
 to seem little to thee, seeing it is so in itself. Begin 
 the next d^y with the same zeal, fear, and humi- 
 lity, as if thou hadst never begun before. Taylor, 
 
 2. To commence any action or .state ; to 
 do the first act, or first p.art of an act ; 
 to make the first step from not doing to 
 doing. 
 
 They began at the ancient men w hicli were before 
 the ho"use. Ezekiet. 
 
 By peace we will begin. SItakcsp. 
 
 I'll sing of heroes and of kings . 
 Beghi my muse ! Cmcley. 
 
 Of tliese no more you hear hira speak ; 
 He now begim upon the Greek ; 
 These, raiig'd and show'd, shall in their turns 
 Remain obscure as iji their urns. Pi-ier. 
 
 Beginning from the rural gods his hand 
 Was lib'ral to the powers of liigh command. Dryd. 
 
 Rapt into future times, the bard begun, 
 A virgin shall conceive. Pope. 
 
 3. To enter upon existence ; as, the world 
 began ; the practice began. 
 
 I am as free as Nature first made man. 
 Ere the base laws of servitude began. 
 When wild in woods the noble savage ran. Dryd. 
 
 4. To have its original. 
 
 167
 
 BEG 
 
 And thus the hard and stubborn race of man 
 From animated rock and tl'mt began. Blackm 
 
 From iS'iliirod first the savage cliace began: 
 A mighty luinler, anil his game was man. Pope. 
 
 5, To take rise ; to commence. 
 Judt^nicnt must besin at the house of God. 
 
 1 Peter 
 Tlie song begun from Jove. Vryden. 
 
 All began. 
 All ends, in love of God and love of man. Pope. 
 
 6. I'o come into act. 
 
 Nuw and then a si^h he stoIe> 
 And teui s begun to tluw. Dryden. 
 
 To Begi'n. v. a, 
 
 1. To do the first act of anything; to 
 pass from not doing to doing, by the 
 first act. 
 
 Ye nymphs of Solyma, begin the song. Piype. 
 
 They have been awaked, by these awful scenes, 
 to begin religion ; and, afterwards, their virtue 
 has fniproved itself into more refined principles, 
 by divnie grace. )\ atts. 
 
 2. To trace from any thing, as the lirst 
 
 ground. 
 
 The apostle begijts our knowledge in the crea- 
 tures, wliich leads us to the knowledge of God. 
 
 Loche. 
 
 3. To he^in zviik. To enter upon; to 
 fall to work upon. 
 
 A lesson which reiiuires so much time to learn, 
 had need be early begun with. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 Begi'nner. n. s. [from bigiyi.] 
 
 1. He that gives the first cause, or ori- 
 ginal, to any thing. 
 
 Thus heaping crime on crime, and grief on grief, 
 Tu loss of love adjoining loss of friend, 
 
 I meant to purge both with a third mischief. 
 And, in my woe s fce^fHTier, it to end. Spenser. 
 
 Socrates" maketh Ignatius, the bishop of An- 
 tiock, the first beginuei^ thereof, even under the 
 apostles tliemselves. Hooker. 
 
 2. An unexperienced attempter; one in 
 his rudiments ; a young practitioner. 
 
 Palladius, behaving himself nothing like a be- 
 ginner, brought the honour to the Iberian side. 
 
 Sidneif. 
 
 They are, to beginners, an easy and familiar 
 introduction ; a mighty augmentation of all vir- 
 tue and knowledge in such as are entered before. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 I have taken a list of several hundred words in 
 a sermon of a new beginner, which not one hearer 
 could possibly understand. Swijt. 
 
 Beginning, n. s. [from begin.] 
 
 1. The first original or cause, 
 
 Wherever we place the beginning of motion, 
 wlicther from the head or the heart, the body 
 moves and acts by a consent of all its parts. Swiji. 
 
 2. The entrance into act, or being. 
 
 In the beginning God created the heavens and 
 the earth. Genesis. 
 
 3. l^he state in which anv thing first is. 
 
 Youth, wliiit man's age is like to be, doih show ; 
 We nuiy our end by our beginning know. Deiiham. 
 
 4f. The rudiments, or first grounds or 
 materials. 
 
 By viewing nature, nature's handmaid, art. 
 Makes mighty things from small beginnings grow : 
 
 Thus fishes first to sliipping did impart, 
 Their tail the rudder, and their head the prow. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 The understanding is passive ; and whether or 
 not it will have these hegimmigSf and materials (»f 
 knowle<Ige, is not in its own power. Locke. 
 
 5. The first part of any thing. 
 
 The causes and designs of an action, are the 
 beginning ; tlie eflPects of these causes, and the 
 oifiiculties that are met with in the execution of 
 these designs, are the middle ; aati t!ie unravelling 
 ajul resolution of these ditiiculties, are the end. 
 
 Broo7ne. 
 
 B E G 
 
 To Begi'rd. v. a. I hc^irfj or be girded ; 
 
 T have begirt, [from he and gird.] 
 X. To bind with a girdle. 
 
 2. To surround ; to encircle ; to encom- 
 pass. 
 
 Begird th' Almighty throne, 
 Beseeching, or ije>ieging. Mitton. 
 
 Or sliouhi she, confident 
 As sitting queen nJorn'tl on beauty's tlirone. 
 Descend, with all iier winnhig charms begirt, 
 T' enamour. Milton. 
 
 At Iioiue surrnuwdcd by a servile crowd, 
 Prompt to abuse, and in'detraction loud : 
 Abroad begirt with men, an^l swords, and spears j 
 His very state acknowledging his fears. Prior. 
 
 3. To shut in with a siege ; to beleaguer ; 
 to block up. 
 
 It was so closely ftf^iri before the king's march 
 into the west, that the council humbly de:?ired iiis 
 majesty, that lie would relieve it. Clarendon. 
 
 To Begi'rt. v. a. [This is, I think, only 
 a corruption of begird ; perhaps by the 
 printer.] To begird. See Begird. 
 
 And, Lentuhis, begirt yon Pompey's house. 
 To seize his sons alive ; for they are tncy 
 Must make our peace with hiiu. Ben Jonson. 
 
 BEGLERBEG. n.s. [Turkish.] The 
 chief governour of a province among 
 the Turks. 
 To Begna'w. v. a. [from he and gnatv.l 
 To bite ; to eat away ; to corrode ; to 
 nibble. 
 
 His horse is stark spoiled witli the staggers, hc- 
 
 g7ian'n with tlie bets, waid in the htLCk, and 
 
 shoulder-shotten. Shakesp. 
 
 Tile worm of conscience still hfguaw thy soul. 
 
 Shakcsj). liichard III. 
 
 Bego'ne. interject, [only a coalition of 
 
 the words be gone.] Go away ; hence ; 
 
 haste away. 
 
 Bcgmtc ! the goddess cries with stern disdain, 
 Bfgone ! nor dare the hallow'd stream to stain. 
 She ried, for ever banish'd from the train. Aiidis. 
 Bego't. I The participle passive of 
 
 Bego'tten. f the verb beget. 
 
 Remendjer that thou wast begot of them. Ecdus. 
 The first he met, Antinhates the brave. 
 But base begotten on a Tlieban slave. Dryd. 
 
 To Begre'ase. v. a. [from be axid grease.] 
 To soil or dawb with unctuous or fat 
 matter. 
 To Begrime, v. a. [from he and grime. 
 See Grime and Grim.] To soil with 
 dirt deep impressed ; to soil in sucli a 
 manner that the natural hue cannot 
 easily be recovered. 
 
 Her name, tliat was as fresli 
 As Dian's visage, is now begrim'd, and blacic 
 .\s my own face. Shukesp. 
 
 To Begui'le. v. a. [from he and gtii/e.] 
 
 1. To impose upon ; to delude; to cheat. 
 
 This I say, lest any man sliould beguile j-ou 
 wilii enticing words. Colossians. 
 
 The serpent ine hegiiii'd, and I did eat. Milton. 
 
 Whosoever sees a nmn, wlio would have be- 
 giiird and imposed upon liim by making him be- 
 lieve a lye, he may truly say, that is tlie man, 
 who would have ruined me. Sintth. 
 
 2. To deceive ; to evade. 
 
 Is wretchedness depriv'd tlrat benefit. 
 To end itself by deatli ? 'Tis yet some comfort. 
 When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage, 
 And fruslra'te his proinl will. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To deceive pleasingly ; to amuse. 
 
 Sweet, leave nie here awiiile ; 
 My spirits grow dull, and fain I would beguile 
 The tedious day with sleep. Shakesp. 
 
 With these sometimes she doth her lime beguile ; 
 These do by fits Ijer phantasy possess. Sir J. Davits. 
 
 B E n 
 
 Begu'n. The participle passire of begin 
 
 }-iut thou, briglit morning star, thou rising sur^, 
 "Which in tliese latter times hast brought tu light 
 
 Tiinsc jnysteiies, tliat since the world begun 
 Lay liiil in darkness and eternal night. Sir J. Dav. 
 Beha'lf. n. s. [This word Sliinner de- 
 rives from half, and interprets it, for 
 my half ; as, for my part. It seems to 
 be rather corrupted from hehoof, profit ; 
 the pronunciation descnerating easily 
 to behafe ; which, in imitation of other 
 words so sounded, was written, by those 
 who knew not the etymology, behalf.] 
 
 1. Favour ; cause favoured : we say in be- 
 half, butybr the sake. 
 
 He was in confidence witli those who designed 
 tile destruction of Stratl'ord ; against wliom he 
 had contracted some prejudice, in tiie behalf of 
 liis nation. Ctarcndim. 
 
 Were but my heart as naked to thy view, 
 Marcus would see it bleed in his behalf. Addison. 
 
 Never was any nation blessed with more fre- 
 quent interpositions of divine providence in its 
 behalf. Attcrbury. 
 
 2. Vindication ; support. 
 
 He might, in liis presence, defy all Arcadian 
 knights, in the behalf of his mistress's beauty. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Lest the fiend, 
 Or in behalf of man, or to invade 
 Vacant possession, some new trouble raise. Milt. 
 Others believe that, by tlie two Fortunes, were 
 meant prosperity or afiiiction ; and produce, in 
 their behalf an ancient monument. Addis, on Italy. 
 To Beha've. v. a. [from be and have.] 
 
 1. To carry ; to conduct : used almost al- 
 ways with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 We behaved not ourselves disorderly among you. 
 
 77; ess. 
 
 Manifest signs came from heaven unto those 
 tliat behaved themselves manfully. 2 Maccabees. 
 
 To their wills wedded, to their errours slaves. 
 No man like tliem, they think, himself behaves. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 We so live, and so act, as if we were secure of 
 the final issue and event of things, however we 
 may behave ourselves. Atterbury. 
 
 2. It seems formerly to have had tlie sense 
 of, to govern ; to subdue ; to discipline ; 
 but this is not now used. 
 
 But who his limbs with labours, and his mind 
 Behaves with cares, cannot so easy miss. Fairy Q. 
 
 W'ith such sober and unnoted passion 
 He di<l behave his ani^er ere 'twas spent. 
 As if he had hutprov d an argument. Shakr.'sp. 
 
 To Beha've. v. n. To act; to conduct 
 one's self. It is taken either in a good 
 or a bad sense ; as, he behaved well or 
 ill. 
 
 Beha'viour. n. s. [from behave.] 
 
 1. Manner of behaving one's self, whether 
 good or bad ; manners ; carriage, with 
 respect to propriety. 
 
 Mopsa, curious in any thing but her owii good 
 behaviour, followed Zchiiane. Sidney. 
 
 2. External appearance with respect to 
 
 grace. 
 
 He marked, in Dora's dancing, good grace and 
 handsome behaviour. Sidney. 
 
 3. Gesture ; manner of action, adapted 
 to particular occasions. 
 
 Well witnessing tlie most submissive behaxwur 
 that a thralled he'art could express. Siunty. 
 
 When we make profession of our faith, we st.irid ; 
 when we acknowledge our sins, or seek unto God 
 for favour, we fall down ; because the gesture iif 
 constancy becometh us best in the one, in llw 
 other the behaviour of humility. ^" 
 
 1 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 ICS
 
 E E II . 
 
 Ono man sees how much another man iarfi f"ol, 
 vliiMi lit- ckdiratcs his lichaviour to love. SfciAw/i. 
 
 Ami Ik- clianm-n his beliav'uiur before them, and 
 fuigiicd liiiiiself "iiiad in their hands. 1 Samn^ 
 
 4. Elegance of manners ; gracefulness. 
 
 The beautiful f.rove accomplished, but not of 
 Croat spirit; and study, for tlie most part, ral 
 behurioHr than virtue. ^"'' 
 
 He "ho aclviseth the philosopher, alto>;ellier 
 devoted lo the Muses, sometimes to otter sacrilrce 
 to ihe alt.irs of the Graces, thought knoivk-.lge 
 imperfect without behaviour. Ualtun. 
 
 5. Conchiel; general practice; course of 
 
 life. 
 
 To him, who bath a prospect of the state that 
 attends men after this life, dependnig on tlicir 
 Mnviour Uere.The measures of good and evil are 
 cbnnfred. ^-."'•^i'- 
 
 6. Tobeiiponme'shhaviour. A ftimiliar 
 phrase, noting such a state as requires 
 great caution ; a state in which a failure 
 in hchav'wttryi\\\ have bad consequences. 
 
 . Tyrants themselves are upon their behurioiir lo a 
 
 ^ sujjeriuur power. UKstrnn2;e. 
 
 To Behe'ad, v. a. [from Jf and head.] To 
 
 deprive of the head; to kill by cutting 
 
 *off the head. 
 
 His Uhendmg he-underwent with all christian 
 magnaniniity. Clarendon. 
 
 On each side they fly, 
 Bv chains connext, and, wilii destrucdve sweep. 
 Behead whole troops at once. ^ Philljis 
 
 I\larv, (jueen of Scots, vaabeheadedm the reign 
 of queen Elizabeth. ' Addison.] 
 
 Beheld, participle passive from behold; 
 which see. 
 
 All bail ! ye virgni daughters of the main ! 
 Ye streams,"beyond my hopes beheld again! Pope. 
 
 Be'iikmoth. n. s. liehemoth, in Hebrew, 
 signifies beasts in general, particularly 
 the larger kind, fit for service. Ikit 
 .lob speaks of an animal lehcmoih, and 
 describes its properties. Bmhart has 
 taken much care to make it the hippo- 
 potamus, or river horse. Sarictius ihmks 
 it is an ox. The Fathers suppose the 
 devil to be meant by it. But we agree 
 with the generality of interjireters, that 
 it is the elephant. Calnui. 
 
 Behold now behemoth, which I made wnh thee ; 
 he eateili grass as an ox. Job. 
 
 Behold! in plaited mail 
 rie}iemoth rears bisJieail. Thomson. 
 
 Br'hen. J B. s. Valerian roots. Also a 
 BE!V. j fruit resembling the tama- 
 risk, from -which perfumers extract an 
 oil. Diet. 
 
 Behe'st. n. s. [from he and hest ; htej-, 
 Saxon.] Command; precept; inandate. 
 Her tender youth had obediently lived under 
 her parents bebesU, without frumidcf, ,jnt uf her 
 own will, the forechoosiog of any thing. Sidvev. 
 Such jov be had their stidjljorn hearts to cpiell. 
 And slurciy courage tame with dreadful awe. 
 That bis behest they fear'd as a proud tyrant's law, 
 
 Spenser. 
 I, mes'jcnger from everlasting Jove, 
 In his great name thus bis behe.<t do tell. Faiifax. 
 '■ To ^■Ui^ oft those happy tribes. 
 On bi"li behests his angels to and fro / 
 Pasa'd freijuent. Milton. 
 
 In beav'n God ever blest, and bis divine 
 Behc-its obey, worthiest to be oliey'd ! Milton. 
 
 To Behi'ght. v. a. pret. behot, jmrt. 
 behight. [from haran to promise. Sax.] 
 1. To promise: this word is obsolete. 
 Sir Guyon, mindful of his vow y'pligbt. 
 Up rove Irom drowsy couch, and trim addrest 
 Unto the journey which he had behight. Fairy Q, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B*K II 
 
 2. To entrust; to commit* 
 
 That most glorious hou*' lliat glist'retb bright, 
 ■\Vbereof Ihe keys are to thy hand bthi0^ 
 By wise ridelia. l-'airif Quern. 
 
 3. Perhaps to call ; to name; hi:^.'tlheiu<j; 
 often put, in old authors, for named, 
 or jvas named. 
 
 Behi'nd. /?njB. [hm&an, Saxon.] 
 
 1. At the back of another. 
 Aeomates h;isted \nth barciuebusiers, which he 
 
 had c.iused his horsemen to taVe behind them upon 
 their horses. Knolles. 
 
 2. On the back part ; not before. 
 She came in the press behind, and touch'd bim. 
 
 Stark. 
 
 3. Towards the back. 
 The Benjamites looked 6t7i(nd them. Jud^^es. 
 
 4. Following another. 
 Her husband went with her, weeping behind her. 
 
 SLimael. 
 a. Remaining after the departure of some- 
 thing else. 
 
 He left belwtd him myself and a sister, both born 
 in one hour. Shakesp. 
 
 Piety and virtue are not only ilcligbtful for I lie 
 present, but they leave peace and contentment 
 behind them Tillotson. 
 
 6. ReiTiaining after the death of those to 
 whom it belonged. 
 
 What he gave nie to publish, was but a small 
 part of wiiat lie left behind him. Pope. 
 
 1. At a distance from something going 
 before. 
 
 Such is the swiftness of your mind, 
 Tha^^ like the earth's, it leaves our sense behind. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 8. Tnferiour to another; ha7ing the pos- 
 teriour place with regard to excellence. 
 
 After the overthrow of this first bouse tif God, 
 a second was erected ; but with so great odds, that 
 they «epl, which beheld how much this latter 
 came behind it. Hooker. 
 
 9. On the other side of something. 
 From light retir'd behind his daughter's bed, 
 
 He, for ajjproaching sleep, compos'd hishead.i^n/. 
 
 Behind, adv. 
 
 1. Out of sight; not yet produced to view ; 
 remaining. 
 
 We cannot be sure that we have all the parti- 
 culars before us ; and that there is no evidence 
 behind, and yet unseen, that may cast the proba- 
 bility on the other side. Locke. 
 
 2. Most of the former senses may become 
 adverbial, by suppressing the aeeusatire 
 case; as, I left my money behind, or 
 behind me. 
 
 Behi'ndhand. adv. [from behind and 
 hand.~\ 
 
 1. In a state in which rent or profit, or 
 any advantage, is anticipated, so that 
 less is to be received, or more perform- 
 ed, than the natural or just proportion. 
 
 Your trade " ould sutfer, if your Ifekig behind- 
 hand has made the natural use so high, that your 
 tradesman cannot live upon bis labour. Lorke. 
 
 2. Not upon equal terms, with regard to 
 forwardness. In this sense it is follow- 
 ed by ivilh. 
 
 Consider, whether it is not better to be half a 
 year behindhand with the fashionable part of the 
 wurld, than to strain beyond his circumstances. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 3. Shakespeare uses it as an adjective, 
 but licentiously, for backward; tardy. 
 
 And these tbv oliices. 
 So rarely khid, are as interpreters 
 Of mv behindhand slackness. Shokesj^ 
 
 To BEHOLD. V. a. pret. / beheld, I have 
 
 ^ BE II* *^ 
 
 beheld or htholdcn. [behealbau, Saxon.] 
 To view; to see; to look upon: to be- 
 hold is losee, m an emphatical or inten* 
 sive sense. 
 
 Son of man,-. fce/ioW jwlh thine eyes, apd hear 
 with thine ears. ^r' Ezekicl. 
 
 \\ hen Tbessalians oh horseback were beheld r;far 
 ofT, while llieir h .rses watered, while xbeir lieads 
 were depressed, lliey were conceived by the >pec- 
 tatorSlo he one animal. Brotms I'li/g. jErr. 
 
 fliau looks aloft, and, with erected eyes, 
 iicAiiWs hisown heredilaiy^ies. Drtjden, 
 
 At this the former tale agmi he told, 
 Willi thund'ring tone, and (Vreadful to 6eAi)U. Dryd, 
 
 The Saviour comes, by ancient bards foretold ! 
 Hear him, yedeaf; andiill ve blind behold I Pojtc. 
 Bf.ho'ld. interject, [from the verb.] See; 
 lo: a word by wliich attention is excit- 
 ed, or admiration noted. 
 Behold! lam with thee, and'will keep thef. Gen. 
 
 W hen oul f.f ho(.e /je/l(iH her! not far off, ' 
 Such ns I saw lier in my dream, adom'd 
 \yiih what all earth orlieavcn could bestow. 
 To make lur amiable. Milton. 
 
 Beho'lden. particip. adj. [gehouden, 
 Dutch; that is, held in ohligalion. It 
 is very corruptly written beholding.'] 
 Obliged; bound in gratilude: with the 
 particle to. 
 
 Horns, which such as you are fain to be beholden 
 to your wives for. • Shakesp 
 
 I.ittic are we beholden to your love. 
 And little look'd for at yourhel|iin^ hands. Sfiaks, 
 
 I found you next, in respect of^bond both of 
 near alliance, and particularly of communication 
 insiudies-: wherein I must acknowledge myself 
 beholden to you. Bacon. 
 
 I think myself mightily beholden to yon for the 
 reprehension you then gave us. Addison. 
 
 U'e, who see men under the awe of justice, cap- 
 nof Conceive what savage creatures tliey would be 
 w itiiout it ; and bow much beholden we' arc lo that 
 wise contrivance. Atterb. 
 
 Beho'lder. n. s. [from behold.] Specta- 
 tor; he that looks upon any thing. 
 
 \\"as this the face. 
 That, like the smi, did make fte/ioWers wink? Shak. 
 
 These beasts among, 
 Brhohlers rude, and shallow to discern 
 Half what in tliee is fair, one man e.\cept, 
 Vi'ho sees thee ? Milton. 
 
 'j'hings of wonder give no less deli^fit 
 To the wise Maker's than beholder s sight. Denham. 
 
 The justiing chiefs in rude encounters Join, 
 Each fair beholder trembling fiii her knignt. 
 
 Gramsillc. 
 
 The charitable foundations, in the church of 
 Rome, exceed all the demaiuis of charity; and 
 raise envy, rather than compassion, in the'l)reasts 
 of beholders. .ilterbnru. 
 
 Beho'lding. adj. [corrupted from be- 
 holden.] Obliged See Beholden. 
 Beho'lding. n.s. Obligation. 
 
 Love to virtue, and not to any particular he- 
 holdings, halh expressed this my testimony. Car^ir. 
 
 Beho'ldingness, n.s. [from beholding, 
 mistaken for beholden.] The state of 
 being obliged. 
 
 The king invited us to his court, so as I must 
 acknowledge a beholdinsness unto bim. Sidneu. 
 
 In this my debt I seem'd loth to confess. 
 In that Ishunii'ri/'e/ieW(»^ne5«. Donne. 
 
 Behoof, n.s. [from behoove.] Tliat which 
 behooves ; that which is advantageous 
 profit; advantage. 
 
 Her majesty may alter any thing of those la" s, 
 for her own beho(^', and for the goo^ of tlie peopir. 
 
 iipensL 1 . 
 No mean recompcnee it brings 
 To your beho>^f': if I that region lost. 
 All usurpation thence expell'd, reduce 
 To her original darkness, anti your sway. Milton. 
 Wert tliou some star, which from the rnin'd roof 
 
 Z 169
 
 ^ *^ B E I 
 
 Of shak'd Olvmpus by niisdimicf didst fall; 
 Whieli careful Jove, in nature's Inie In-hoif, 
 look up, and in fit pLico did leiiistiite. Milton. 
 Because it was fur tlic bclm.f uUhc animal, lh;il, 
 ii|-on any suiidcn accident, it might he awakened, 
 there were no shuts or stopides niadc for tlie ears. 
 
 ^ It would be of no'hehoif, for the settleing of 
 government, mdess (here were a way tauglit, ho^v 
 to know the person to whom belonged tliis power 
 and dominiiiii. Lochc. 
 
 To BEHi)OVE. r. n. [behopan, Saxon, // 
 is a duft/.] To be fit; to be meet: 
 either witb rfspcct to duty, necessity, 
 or convenience. It is used only imper- 
 sonally with //. 
 
 For better examination of their quaUty, k be- 
 hooveth the very foundaiinn and rout, the highest 
 well-springaudfountainof them, to be discovered. 
 
 Hooker. 
 He did so prudently temper his pasi^ions, as tliat 
 none of^ them made him wanting iu the offices of 
 Jife, which it behooved or became nira to perform. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 But should yon lure the monarch of tiie brook. 
 
 Behooves yuu then to ply your finest art. Tlwimon. 
 
 Beho'oveful. adj. [from htliocf.] Use- 
 ful; profitable; advantageous. This 
 word is somewhat antiquated. 
 
 It is very bchoovejid in this country of Ireland, < 
 where there are waste deserts full of grass, that 
 the same should be eaten down. Spemer. 
 
 Laws a e many limes full of imperfections ; 
 and that which is supposed behooveftd uuto men, 
 proveth oftentimes most pernicious. Hooker. 
 
 Madam, we liave cull'd such necessaries 
 A» are behoooejul. fur our state to-morrow. Shak. 
 
 It may be" most behoovefnl tor princes, ir. mat- 
 ters of grace, to transact tlie same ])ublicly : so 
 it is as requisite, in matters of Judgment, punish- 
 ment, and censure, that the same be transacted 
 privately. Clarendon. 
 
 Beho'ovefully. adv. [^wmbekoovefuL] 
 Profitably; usefully. 
 
 Tell usof more weighty dislikes than these, and 
 that may more behoovefuily import the reformation. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Beho't. [p?"e/cn7f, as it seems, of be- 
 his^ht, to promise.] 
 
 With ^iiarp intended sting so rude him smote, 
 That to the earth him drove as striken dead, 
 Ps'e living wi^ht would have him life behot. FairyQ. 
 Be'ing. particip. [from be.\ 
 
 Those," wlio have their hope iu another life, 
 look upon themselves as bc'mg on their passage 
 through this. Atterb. 
 
 De'ing. n, s. [from bc.'\ 
 J . Existence : opposed to nonentity. 
 
 Of him all things liave both received their first 
 hclng, and their continuance to be that which they 
 are. Hooker. 
 
 Vet is not God the author of her ill, 
 Tho' autlior of her being, and being there. Dav'ics. 
 
 There is none \mi he, 
 \\ Iiose behtg 1 do fear: and under him 
 My genius is rebuked. Shakesp. Much. 
 
 Thee, Father, first they sung, omnipotent, 
 InnuuJahle, iiuniortal, infinite, 
 Eternal king ! Thee, Author of all being, 
 Fountain of light! Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Merciful and gracious, thou gavest us being; 
 
 raising us from nothing to be an excellent creation. 
 
 Taylors Guide to Devotion. 
 
 Consider every thing as not yet in beiyig, then 
 examine, if it must needs have been at all, or wlmt 
 other ways it might h;.ve been. Bentley. 
 
 2, A particular state or condition. 
 
 Those happy spirits which, ordained by fate, 
 For futine being and new bodies wait. Dryden. 
 
 Heav'n fi om all creatures hides the book of fate ; 
 From brutes what men, from men what spirits 
 
 know ; 
 Or who could suffer being here below? Pope. 
 
 As now your own, our beinp were of old. 
 And juce inclos'd in womau s beauteous mould. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 • J3 E L 
 
 3. The person existing. 
 
 All fair, _vt t f.ilse ! ah l<eing form'il to client 
 BysciiainikindiitsSiiuixt wlili<lcc.|idiciit! Dnid 
 
 U i? folly lo seek llie apjuuhalioii of any ittiit^, 
 besides the siiureiiie ; because no other hting can 
 make a ri-^-ht judgiueiit of us, and i>ecausc we can 
 l)rocure no considerable advantagi; from tlie ap- 
 probation of any other being. Aridison, Sped. 
 
 Be'ing, coujunc. [from ftc] Since. Did. 
 
 Be it so. a phrase of anticipation, sup- 
 pose it be so ; or of permission, let it be 
 so. 
 
 Wv gracious duke, 
 Be '( so she wi'll not here, before your grace, 
 Constint to marry with Demetrius, 
 I beg the ancient privilege of Athens. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bela'bouk. v. a. [from be and /«- 
 boia\] To beat ; to thump : a word in 
 low speech. 
 
 ^\ iiat several madnesses in racri iippear! 
 Orestes runs from fancy'd furies here ; 
 AJax belubours there an liarmless ox. 
 And thinks tliat Agamemnon feels the knocks. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 He sees virago Kell belabour, 
 \\ itli liis own stLtf, his ]ieaceful neighbour. Swift. 
 
 To Bela'ce. v. a. [a sea term.] To fasten; 
 as, to btltice a rope. Diet. 
 
 Be'lamie, «. s. [bcl amie, Fr.] A friend; 
 an intinnate. This word is out of use. 
 
 ^^'ise Socrates 
 Pour'd out his life, and last pliilosopliy. 
 To the fair Critias, his dearest bctamie. Fairy Q. 
 
 Be'lamour. U.S. [bcl amour, Fr.] Gal- 
 lant; consort; paramoiu-: obsolete, 
 
 Lo, lo, bow brave she decks her botniteous bow'r 
 With silken curtains, and gold coverlets. 
 Therein to shroud hersumptuousif/H?noirr.FaiVi/Q. 
 Bel.Vted. adj. [from be iind lale.] Be- 
 nighted; out of doors late at night. 
 
 Fairy elves. 
 Whose midnight revels, by a foiest side. 
 Or fountain, some belated peasant sees. 
 Or dreams he sees. Mittons Far. Lost. 
 
 Or near Fleetditch's oozy bruiks. 
 Belated, seems on watch to' lie. Swift. 
 
 To Bela'y. v. a. [from be and /ay; as, 
 to waijlat;, to lie in wait, to lay wait for.] 
 
 1. To block up; to slop the passage. 
 The speedy horse all | assages beiiiy. 
 
 And spur their smoaking steeds to cross their way. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To place m ambush. 
 
 ^ 'Gaijistsuch strongcasllesneedethgreatermight, 
 
 TliHn those small forcesye were wontbclau. Spetiier. 
 To Bela'y « 7-ope. [a sea tenii.] To 
 
 splice; to mend a rope, by laying one 
 
 end over another. 
 To BELCH, V. n. [healcan, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To eject the wind from the stomach; 
 to eruct. 
 
 The symptoms are, a sour smell in their fa?ces, 
 belckings, and distensions of the bowels. 
 
 Arbulhnot on Alim. 
 
 2. To issue out, as by eructation. 
 
 The waters boil, and, belching from below. 
 Black sands as from a forceful euijine throw. Dryd. 
 
 A triple pile of plumes his crest adorn'd. 
 On which with belching Hames Chimera burn'd. 
 
 Driiden. 
 
 To Belch, v. a. To throw out from the 
 stomach ; to eject from any hollow 
 place. It is a word implying coarse- 
 ness, hatefulness, or horrour. 
 
 They are all but stomachs, and we all but food ; 
 They eat us hungcrly, and, when they're full. 
 They belch us. SInikesp. 
 
 The bitterness of it I now belch from mv heart. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 BEL 
 
 Immediate in a flame, 
 liut soon obscur'd with smoke, all heav'n appear'd 
 ^Tom those deep-throated engines belch'd. MiUm. 
 
 The gales that now > 
 
 Stood open wide, belching outrigeous flame 
 idt into chaos, since the fiend pass'd throush. 
 T, , , . Alilton. 
 
 Kough as tlieir savage lords who ranged the wood 
 And fat with acorns, belch'd their windy food. 
 
 There belch'd the mingled streams of winiT and 
 blood, 
 A";' I'i'ii'an flesh, his indigested food. Pope'sOdyss. 
 T , , ,™ '•"' "'"■'■"US kiss design'd, 
 1 belch d an hurricane of wind. 
 
 Belch, 
 
 Sj^tft. 
 
 n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of eructation. 
 
 2. A cant term for malt liquor. 
 
 A sudden refoniKition would follow, among all 
 sorts of people ; porters would no longer he drunk 
 
 ,,"','"''"''■''• Dennis. 
 
 i5ELU.iM. n. s. [belle dame, which, in old 
 French, signified probably an old wc- 
 man, as belle age, old age.] 
 
 1. An old woman: generally a term of 
 contempt, marking the last degree of 
 old age, with all its faults and miseries. 
 
 'fhen sing of secret things that came to p.Hss, 
 When beldam Nature in her cradle was. Milton, 
 
 2. A hag. 
 Why, how now, Hecat? you look angcrly.— 
 
 —Have I not reason, beldams, as you are. 
 Saucy, and overbold > Shahes-p. Macb. 
 
 X he resty sieve waag'd ne'er the more ; 
 I weep for woe, the testy beldam s>vore. Dryden. 
 
 To, BELE'AGUER. v. a. [bele^gcren, 
 Duttli.] To besiege; to block up 4, 
 place ; to lie before a town. 
 
 Their business, which they carry on, is the ge.* 
 iieral concernment of the 'liojan camp, tlienie- 
 Icagiieml by Turnus and the Latins. Dri/d. DuJ'res. 
 
 Agiiinst bclcagner'd heav'n the giants"move : 
 Hills pil'd on hills, on niountains'iiiountains lie, 
 lo make their mad approaches to the sky. Dryden, 
 
 Bele'aguerer. n. s. [from beleaguer.] 
 One that besieges a place. 
 
 To Belee', v. a. [a term in navigation.] 
 To place in a direction unsuitable to 
 the wind. 
 
 Belemni'tes. U.S. [from g/?.©-, a dart or 
 arrow, because of its resemblance to the 
 point of an arrow.] Arrowhead, or tin- 
 gcr-stone, of a whitish and sometimes 
 a gold colour. 
 
 BelflIdwer. n. s. [from bell and Jlower, 
 because of the shape of its flower; in 4 
 Latin cnmprinnla.] A plant. 
 
 There is a vast number of the species of this 
 plant. 1, The tallest jiyramidal belflowcr. 2. The 
 blue |)eacb-leaved beljlower. 3. The white peach- 
 leaved beljlower. 4. Garden belfiauer, with oblong 
 leaves and flowers ; commonly called Canterbnn/ 
 bells. !>. Canary beljloner, with orracb leaves and . 
 a tuberose rout. 6. Blue bcljiotcer, with edible 
 roots, comuKJnIv called rampions. 7. Venus look- 
 ing glass beljlmver, &;c. Miller. 
 
 Belfounder. n. s. [frorn bell and 
 found.] He whose trade it is to found 
 or cast bells. 
 
 Those that make recorders know this, and like* 
 wise belfonnders in fitting the tune of their bells. 
 
 Bacoii. 
 Be'lfry. 11. s. [Beffroi/, in French, is a 
 tower; which was perhaps the true 
 word, till those, who knew not its origi- 
 nal, corrujjted, it to belfry, because bells 
 were in it.] The place were the bells 
 are rung. 
 
 170
 
 
 BEL 
 
 Fetch the leatheni bucket tliat hangs in the 
 hdl'rxt; that is curiously painted before, and will 
 make a tigure. Gay. 
 
 Belga'rd. n. s. [belle egard, Fr.] A soft 
 glance; a kind of regard: an old word, 
 now wholly disused. 
 
 Upiin her eyelids many graces sat, 
 Under the shadow of her even brows, 
 \Vorking hclgards, and amorous retreats. Fairy Q. 
 To Beli'e. v. a. [from be and lie.l 
 
 1. To counterfeit ; to feign: to mimick. 
 AVhich durst, with horses hoofs that beat the 
 
 ground. 
 And martial brass, belie the thunder's sound. Drj/d. 
 
 The sliape of man, and imitated beast. 
 The walk, the words, the gesture ci'uld supply. 
 The hahit mimick, and the mien belie. Viyden. 
 
 2. To give the lie to; to charge with 
 falsehood. 
 
 Sure there is none but fears a future state ; 
 And when the most obdurate swear they do not, 
 'iheir trembling hearts fcfd'e tlieir boastful tongues. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Paint, patches, jewels laid aside, 
 At night astronomers agree. 
 
 The evening has the day belyd^ 
 And Phillis is some forty-three. Prior. 
 
 3. To calumniate; to raise false reports 
 of any man; > 
 
 Thou dost heliehim, Plercy, thou heliest liim ; 
 He never did encounter with Glendower. Shuhesp. 
 
 4. To give a false representation of any 
 thinjj. 
 
 Uncle, for heaven's sake, comfortable words. — 
 Should I do so. I should belie my thoughts. Shak. 
 
 Tuscan Valerius by force o'ercame. 
 And not bcly'd his mighty father's name. 
 
 Drydeji^s JEneid. 
 
 In the dispute whate'er I said, 
 Wy heart was by my tongue beh'd; 
 
 And ill my looks you might have read 
 How much X argued on your side. Prior. 
 
 5. To fill with lies. This seems to be its 
 meaning here. 
 
 "J'is slander, whose breath 
 Rides on the posting winds, and dolli belie 
 All corners of the world. Sha}<esp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Belie' F. n. s. [from believe.] 
 
 1. Credit given to something, which we 
 know not of ourselves, on account of the 
 authority bj' which it is delivered. 
 
 Thcjse couiforts tliat shall never cease. 
 Future in hope, but present in belitf. WolWn. 
 
 Faith is a tirm 6f/tc/"of l!ie whole word of God, 
 of his gospel, commands, threats, and promises. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 2. The tlieological virtue of faith, or firm 
 confidence of the truths of religion. 
 
 _ No mati can attain bcliefhy the bare contempla- 
 tion of heaven and earth ; for that they neither 
 are sulhcient to give us as much as the least spark 
 of light concerning tlie very principal mysteries of 
 our faith. Hooker. 
 
 3. Religion ; the body of tenets held by 
 the professors of faith. 
 
 In the heat of general persecution, whereunto 
 christi.in beliifwas subject upon the first promul- 
 gation, it much confirmed the weaker minds, wlien 
 relation was made how God had been glorified 
 through the sufferings of martyrs. Hooker. 
 
 4. Persuasion; opinion. 
 
 He can. I know, but doubt to think he will ; 
 Yet hope would fain subscribe, and tempts beliif. 
 
 Milio'n. 
 
 All treaties are grounded upon the belief, that 
 states will be found in their honour and observ- 
 ance of treaties. Temjtie. 
 
 5. The thitig believed ; the object of belief. 
 Superstitious prophecies are not only the belief 
 
 of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise iaen.Baeon. 
 
 G. Creed; 
 of faith. 
 
 a form containing the articles 
 
 ■• BEL 
 
 Beli'evable. adj. [from believe.] Cre- 
 dible ; that which may be credited or 
 believed. 
 To BELI'EVE. v. a. [jelypan, Saxon.] 
 1. To credit upon the authority of an 
 other, or from some other reason than 
 our personal knowledge. 
 
 Adherence to a proposition which they are per- 
 suaded, but do not know, to be true, is not seeing, 
 but beliering. ^ l^cke. 
 
 Ten thousand things there are, which we belieie 
 merely upon rhe authorti'y or credit of those who 
 have spoken or written of them. Wattss Lo^. 
 
 2 To put confidence in the veracity of 
 any one. 
 
 The people may hear when I speak with thee, 
 and believe thee for ever. Eiodiis- 
 
 To Beli'eve. v. v. 
 
 1 . To have a finn persuasion of any thing. 
 
 They may belieee that the Lord God of their 
 fathers, the God of .'Vbrahara, the God of Isaac, 
 and the God of Jacob, hath appeared unto thee. 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 2. To exercise tlie theological virtue of 
 faith. 
 
 Now God be prais'd, that to believing souls 
 Gives liglit in darkness, comfort in despair. Skak. 
 
 For with the heart man believeth \into righteous- 
 ness, and with the mouth confession is made unto 
 salvation. Romans. 
 
 3. With the particle in, to hold as an ob- 
 ject of faith. 
 
 BeUtre in tlie Lord your God, so shall j-on be 
 established. 2 Chron. 
 
 4. With the particle upon, to trust; to 
 place full confidence in; to rest upon 
 with faith. 
 
 To them gave he power to become the sons of 
 God, even to ihcm that bdieve on his name. John. 
 
 5. J bi'lieve, is sometimes used as a way 
 of slightly noting some want of certainty 
 or exactness. 
 
 Though they are, I believe, as high as most 
 steeples in Kn'gland, yet a person, iu his drink, 
 fell down, without any other hurt than the break- 
 ing of an arm. Addl&on on Italu- 
 
 Believer. 7i. s. [from believe.] 
 
 1. He that believes, or gives credit. 
 Discipline began to enter into conflict witli 
 
 churches, which, in extremity, had been believers 
 of it. Hooker. 
 
 2. A professor of Christianity. 
 
 Inlidels themselves did discern, in matters of life, 
 ■when believers did well, when otherwise. Hooker. 
 
 If he which wrileth do that \\hich is forcible, 
 how should he which readeth be thought to do 
 that, which, in iiscif, is of no force to work belief, 
 and tu save belitvers? Hooker. 
 
 Mysterie.-- held by us have no power, pomp, or 
 wealth, but have been maintained by the univer- 
 sal body of true believers, from the days of the 
 apostles, and will be to the resurrection ; neither 
 ■will tlie gates of liell prevail against them. Suijt. 
 
 Bei-i'evingly. adv. [from To believe.] 
 
 After a believing manner. 
 Belike, adv. [iYora like, us In/ likelihood.] 
 
 1. Probably; likely; perhaps. 
 
 Tliere canto out of the same w()od<^ a horrible 
 foul bear, which fearing, bdikc, while the lion wa.-- 
 
 i)resent, came furiously towards the place where 
 . was. Sidney. 
 
 Lord Angelo, belikey thinking mc remiss in iiiy 
 offite, awakens me with this unwonted putting oii. 
 
 Shakes}}. 
 Josephus atfirmeth, that one of them remained 
 in his time ; meaning, betikty some ruin or founda- 
 tion thereof. " Pateii^h. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used in a sense ot irony, 
 as it may be mtppus^d. 
 
 B E L 
 
 We think, belike, that he will accept what the 
 meanest of thdm would disdain. Hmkrr. 
 
 (jod appointed the sea to oue of them, and the 
 land to tiic other, because lliey Vere so prea', (hat 
 the sea could not hold them Ijoih ; or else, betike, 
 if the sea had been large euout^h, we mi^ht have 
 gone a (ishing for elephauts. Brtrew. on Imtii^. 
 Beli've. adv. [bihve, Sax. probably 
 from bi and hj-e, in tlie sense of viva- 
 city, speed, quickness.] Speedily ; 
 quickly : a word out of use. 
 
 Bv that same way the direful d.uties dodrive 
 Their mournful chariot, fdl'd with rusty blood, * 
 
 And down to I'luto's house arc come ftelire. 
 
 Fairij Qtteen. 
 
 BELL. n. s. [bel, Saxon ; supposed, by 
 Skinner, to come from pelvis, Lat. a 
 basin. See B.all.] 
 
 1. A vessel, or hollow body of cast metal, 
 formed to make a noi.se by the act of a 
 clapper, hammer, or some other instru- 
 ment striking against it. Bells are in 
 the towers of churches, to call the con- 
 gregation together. 
 
 Your flock, assembled by the beU, 
 Encircled you to hear with reverence. Shakesp.^ 
 
 Get thee gone, and dig my grave thyself. 
 And bid the merry belts ring to thy ear, 
 That thou art crowned, not that I^am dead. 
 
 Shakefp. 
 Foar bells admit iwehty-four changes in ring- 
 ing, and five bells one hfnidred aufi twenty. 
 
 Holder's Elements ^'Speech. 
 He has no one necessary attention to any thing 
 but the 6c//, which calls to prayers twice a-day. 
 AddisoHr Spectator. 
 
 2. It is used for any thing hi the form of 
 a bill, as the cups of flowers. 
 
 Where the bee sucks, there suck I, 
 In a cowslip's bell I lie. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The humming bees, that hunt the goldcu dew. 
 In summer's heat on tops of lilies feed. 
 And creep within their bells to suck tlie balmy 
 seed. Drt;tit'>. 
 
 3. A small hollow globe of met.il j)ertb- 
 rated, and containing in it a solid ball; 
 which, when it is shaken, by bounding 
 against the sides, gives a sound. 
 
 As the ox hath his yoke, the horse his curh, 
 
 and the faulcou his bells, so hath man his desires. 
 
 Shake.-ip. As you like it. 
 
 4. To bear tlie bell. To be the first ; I'rom 
 the wether, that carries a belt among 
 the sheep, or the first horse of a drove 
 thtit has bells on his collar. 
 
 The Italians have carried away the bell from all 
 other nations, as may appear bo'th by their books 
 and works. " HaktKtlL 
 
 5. To .iliiike the bells. A phrase in .s/k/A-ij- 
 penrc, taken from the bells of ii hawk. 
 
 Neither the kin*;, nor he that loves him best. 
 The proutiest he that liulds up Lancaster, 
 Dares stir a wing, if Warwick sliakes his bells. 
 
 Shakesp . 
 
 ToBeli.. v. n. [from the noun.] To grow 
 
 in buds or flowers, in the form of a bell. 
 
 Ho| s, in the beginning of August, bell, and are 
 
 sontetinies ripe. Moi-timer. 
 
 Bell-fash1(3NED. adj. [from bell and 
 
 fashion.] Having the form of a bell; 
 
 campaiiiform. 
 
 The thorn-apple rises with a strong round stalk, 
 having large bell-Jashioned tiowers at the joints. 
 
 jiortimer. 
 
 Bklle, n. s. [beau, belle, Fr.] A young 
 lady. 
 
 What motive could compel 
 .■V weli-bred lord t' assault a senile belle ? 
 O say, what stranger cause, yet unexplor'd. 
 Could make a gvutle bclU reject a lord ; Fapt. 
 
 171
 
 BEL 
 
 BELLES LErTRES.n.s. [Fi:] Po- 
 lite literature. It has no singular. 
 
 The exactness of the other, is to aihi.it of sonic- 
 thhiE like iliscourie, esi'ecially m "liat regards 
 Ihcbelles-lettra. „ , ■''^'.''f' 
 
 Bellibone. 71. s. [from bellus bcautitul, 
 and bonus good, Lat. belle tV bonne, Fr.] 
 A woman excelling both in beauty and 
 goodness. A word now out of use. 
 
 Pan may be proud that eve; he begot 
 
 Such a hdliboiii:, 
 And Syrinx rejoice tliat ever was her lot 
 
 To bear such a one. Spenser. 
 
 Belli'gerant, I adj. [billiger, LAt.] 
 
 Belli'gerous, j Waging war. Diet 
 
 Belling. 71. s. A hunting term, spoke 
 
 of a roe, when she makes a noise in 
 
 rutting time. Did- 
 
 BELLrpoTENT. (idj. [bellipvlcns, Lat.] 
 
 Puissant ; mighty in war. Diet 
 
 To Bs'llow. v. n. [bellan, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To make a noise as a bidl. 
 Jupiter became a bull, and be (I owed ; the green 
 
 Neptune a ram, and bleated. SAiite/). 
 
 What bull dares hdlim', or » hat sheep dares bleat, 
 Within the bun's den ' DryiUii 
 
 But now the husband of a herd must be 
 Thy male, and MUmin« sons thy progeny. Dryd 
 
 2. To make any violent outcry. 
 He fasten'd on ray neck, and bellow d out, 
 
 As he'd burst heav ii. Shakesp 
 
 3. To vociferate; to clamour. In tin: 
 sense it is a word of contempt. 
 
 Thedull fat captain, with a hound's deep throat, 
 Would belhie out a laugh in a base note. Driidtn 
 
 This gentleman is accustomed to roar and (iff 
 law so terribly loud, that he frightens us, Tatler 
 
 4. To roar as the sea in a storm, or as the 
 wind; to make any continued noise, that 
 may cause terrour. 
 
 Till, at the last, he heard a dread sound, 
 AVliich thro' the wood loud bellowing did rebound. 
 
 Spoiscr. 
 The rising rivers float the nether ground ; 
 And rocks die bcllouiiig voice of boiling seas re- 
 bound. Viyden. 
 
 Le'llows. n. s. [bilij. Sax. perhaps it is 
 corrupted from bellies, the wind being 
 contained in the hollow, or belli/. It 
 has no singulai- ; for we visually say, a 
 pair of belloivs; but Diijdtn has used 
 belloivs as a. singular -A, 
 
 1. The instrument used to blow the fire. 
 Since sighs, into my inward futnnce tnrn'd, 
 
 For bellowi serve to kindle more the lire, iiulney. 
 
 One, with great helhnes, galher'd filling air. 
 And Willi forc'd wind the fuel did enilame. 
 
 Fotry Queen. 
 
 The smith prepares his hammer for the stroke, 
 While the lung'd bdloux hissing lire provoke. DriKi. 
 
 The luiv's, as bellows, supply a force of brcalli ; 
 and the lupera arteria is as the nose of bclloirs, to 
 collect and ci^nvey the brealb. _ llotikr. 
 
 2. In the following passage it is smgulur. 
 Thou neither like "a /)c//iiu-s, swell'st thy face. 
 
 As if thou wert to blow the burning mass 
 
 Of melting ore. Drpilcn. 
 
 Be'lluine. adj. [belhnnus,ljit.] Beastly; 
 belonging to a beast ; savage; brutal. 
 
 If human actions were not to be judged, men 
 would have no advantage over beasts. At tins 
 rate, the animal and belluine life Would be the 
 l,g5( Atterbmy. 
 
 BE'LLY. n.s. [ia/g. Dutch; bul, bola, 
 
 Welch.] 
 1 . That part of the human body which 
 
 reaches from the breast to the thighs, 
 
 containing the bowels. 
 
 BEL 
 
 The body's members 
 
 BEL 
 
 -1 
 
 against the belli) ; thus accus'd it : 
 ; Tike a gulf it did remain. 
 
 Kebell'd 
 
 That only --'.^ -& — 
 
 Still cupboarding the viand, never bearing 
 Like labour with the rest. Shakesp 
 
 2. In beasts, it is used, in general, for that 
 part of the body next the ground. 
 
 And the Lord said unto the serjient. Upon thy 
 bdli) Shalt thou go, and dust shall thou eat, all the 
 days of tliy life. Gcncsii. 
 
 3. The womb : in this sdnse, it is com- 
 monly used Itulkrously or familiarly. 
 
 1 shall answer that better, than you can the 
 getting up of the negro's i)e/(i; ; the Moor is witli 
 child by you. ' Shakesp. 
 
 The secret is grown too big for the pretence, like 
 Mrs. Primlj's big hclly. Congreve. 
 
 4. Thtit part of man which requires tbod, 
 in opposition to the back, or that which 
 
 demands clothes. 
 
 They were content witji a licentious life, where- 
 in they might till tlieir bellies by spoil, rather than 
 by labour. Ilaywant. 
 
 Whose god is their belly. •. I'Inl. 
 
 He tliat'sows his grain upon marble, will have 
 many a hungry bdly before harvest. Arbtith. 
 
 5. The part of any thing that swells out 
 into a larger capacity. 
 
 Fortune sometimes tunielb the handle of the 
 bottle, which is easy to be taken hold of; and 
 after the belly, whiciris hard to grasp. Bacon. 
 
 An Irish harp hath the concave, or belly, not 
 along the struigs, but at the end of the strings. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 G. Any place in which something is in- 
 closed. 
 
 Out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardst 
 my voice. Jonah. 
 
 To Be'lly, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 swell into a larger capacity ; to hang 
 out ; to bulge out. 
 
 Thus by degrees day wastes, signs cease to rise, 
 'For bellying earlh, still rising up, denies 
 Their light a passage, and confines our eyes. 
 
 Creech's Manilins. 
 
 The pow'rappeas'd, with winds suffie'd the sail. 
 
 The belluing canvas strutted with the gale. Dryd. 
 
 Loud Vatlling shakes the mountains and I he plain, 
 
 Heav'n bellies downwards, and descends in rain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 'Midst these disports, forget they not to drench 
 
 Themselves with bellmg goblets. Philips. 
 
 Be'llyache. n.s'. [from belli/ and ache.] 
 
 The cholick ; or pain in the bowels. 
 Be'llybound. adj. [from b<lli/ and 
 
 boimd.] Diseased, so as to be costive, 
 
 and slnunk in the belly. 
 Be'lly-fretting. n. s. [from belli/ and 
 
 fret.] 
 
 1. [With fan-icrs.] The chafing of a 
 horse's belly with the foregirt. 
 
 2. A great pain in a horse's belly, caused 
 by wornns. Diet. 
 
 Bellyful, n. s. [from belli/ mdfull.] 
 
 1 . As much food as fills the belly, or satis- 
 fies the appetite. 
 
 2. It is often used ludicrously for more 
 than enough ; thus. King James told 
 his son that he would have his belli/ful 
 of parliamentary impeachments. 
 
 Be'llygod. n.s. [from belli/ and god.] 
 A glutton ; one who makes a god of his 
 belly. 
 
 AVIiat infinite waste they made this way, the 
 only story of Apicius, a fau'ious hellvgod, may suf- 
 fice to sh'ew. Hakeuell. 
 
 Be'llypinched. adj. [from bellj/ and 
 pinch.] Stai-ved. • 
 
 This night, wherein the cuhdrawn bear would 
 couch. 
 The lion and the belly-pinched wolf 
 Keep tlieir fur dry, unbonnetted he runs. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'lly roll. n. s. [from belli/ and roll.] 
 A roll so called, as it seems, from enter- 
 ing into the hollows. 
 
 They have two small arrows that they clap on 
 each side of the ridge, and so they harrow right 
 up and down, and roll it with a bdlyroll, that goes 
 between the ridges, when they have sown it. 
 
 Mortlrter. 
 
 Be'llytimber. n. s. [from bell;/ and 
 timber.] Food; materials to support 
 the belly. 
 
 \Vliere belly-tiinher, above ground 
 Or under, was not to be found. Hudibrai. 
 
 The strength of every other member 
 Is founded on your betlii-tiiiilier. Prior. 
 
 Be'llyworm. n.s. [from belli/and worm.] 
 
 A worm that breeds in the belly. 
 Be'lman. 11. s. [from bell and man.] He 
 ■whose business it is to proclaim any 
 thing in towns, and to gain attention 
 by ringing his bell. 
 
 It was the owl that shriek'd, the fatal bdman 
 Which giv'st the stern'st good night. Shukesp. 
 Where Titian's glowing paint thecanvaswarra'd 
 Now hangs the belmans song, and pasted here 
 The colour'd prints of Overton appear. ^ Gaij. 
 The belman of each parish, as he goes his cir- 
 cuit, cries out every night. Past twelve o'clock. 
 
 Sie'ifl. 
 
 Be'lmetal. n. s. [from bell and metal,] 
 The metal of which bells are made, be- 
 ing a mixture of five parts copper with, 
 one pewter. 
 
 Belmctal has copper one Ihousand pounds, tin 
 from three hundred to two hundred pounds, brass 
 one hundred and fifty pounds. Baeim. 
 
 Colours which ari'se on bclmetal, when melted' 
 and poured on the ground, in open air, like the 
 coloursof water bubbles, are changed by vi^ewini^ 
 them at divers obliiiuilies. Newhm. 
 
 To Be'lock. v. a. [from be and lock.] 
 To fasten as with a lock. 
 
 This is Ihe h.nid, which with a vow'd contract 
 
 Was fast bdoek'd m thine. Shakesp. 
 
 BB'a.OM ANCY. n.s. [from ^/A©- and ftavliia.] 
 
 Bcloniancii, or divination by arrows, hath been 
 
 in request with Scythians, Alans, Germans with 
 
 the Africans and Turks of Algier. 
 
 Brainj s I nig. Err 
 
 To Belo'ng. v. n. [belangen, Dutch.] 
 1. To be the property of. 
 
 To li"ht on a part of a field belonging to Bmz. 
 
 ■2. To be the province or business of. 
 
 There is no need of such redress ; 
 Or if there were, it not belongs to you. Shakesp. 
 The declaration of these latent philosophers be- 
 ■ longs to another paper. - Baylt. 
 
 To Jove the care of heav'n and earth behvig.i. 
 
 Drydetu 
 
 3. To adhere, or be appendant to. 
 
 He went into a desart bdonging to Bethsaida. 
 
 Luke. 
 
 4. To have relation to. 
 
 To vihumbelongest thou? whence art thou.' 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 
 5. To be the quality or attributes of. 
 
 'I'he faculties belmig'mg to the supreme spirit, are 
 unlimited and boundless, fitted and designed for 
 iuliuile objects. Cheyne. 
 
 6. To be referred to ; to relate to. 
 He careth for things that belong to the Lord. 
 
 1 Corinth. 
 
 Belo'ved. participle, [from belove, de- 
 rived of love. It is observable, thiit 
 though the participle be of very fre- 
 
 ^ 
 
 * 
 
 172
 
 BEL 
 
 quent use, the verb is seldom or never 
 admitted; as we say you are much he- 
 loved by me, but not I belove you.J 
 Loved; dear 
 
 Shahesii. 
 
 I think it is not meet, 
 Mark An tony so well bdavcd of Cicsar; 
 Sliuuld outlive Cicsiir. 
 
 In likeness of a dove 
 The Snivit dcsecndeil, "Ink- the Fafhcr s voice 
 From licav'n pronoun 
 
 'd him his bdoccd Son. 
 
 Mittmi. 
 
 Belo'w. prep, [from Ve and Zou'.] 
 
 1. Under in place : not so high. 
 
 for all helou- the moon I would not '^^^Pj^^^ 
 
 He'll heat Aufidius' head bctow his knee. 
 And tread upon his neck. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Inferiour in dignity. 
 The noble Venetians think themselves equal at 
 
 least to the electors of the empire, and hut one 
 degree bdow kings. Adduion. 
 
 3. Inferiour in excellence. 
 His Idylliums of Theocritus are as much below 
 
 his Manilius, as the lields are below the stars. 
 
 selion. 
 
 4. Unworthy of; unbefitting. 
 
 'Tis much below me on his throne to sit; 
 But when I do, you shall petition it. Uryden. 
 
 Belo'w. adv. 
 
 1. In the lower place ; in the place nearest 
 the centre. 
 
 To men standing bdmo on the ground, those 
 
 tliat be on the top of Paul's seem mucli less 
 
 tlian thev are, and eauiiot be known; but, to men 
 
 above, those belme seem nothing so much lessened, 
 
 and mav be known. ■ . Hacon. 
 
 fc. The iiiiper regions of the air perceive tlie col- 
 
 lection of the matter of the tempests and winds 
 
 f- before tlie air here below ; and therefore the ob- 
 
 ■ scuring of the smaller stars, is a sign of tempest 
 
 follOTTing. • , , , -'^'"^'"'• 
 
 His sultry heat infects the sky ; 
 The ground beUm is parch'd, the lieav'us above us 
 fj-v. Dryden. 
 
 This said, he led them up the mountain's Crow, 
 And sheiv'd them all the shining lields bchw. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 ^ On earth; in opposition to heaven. 
 
 And lei no tears from erring pity How, 
 " For one tliat's bless'd above, innnurtaliz d below. 
 
 Smith. 
 The fairest cliild of Jove, 
 Below for ever sought, and bless'd above. Prior. 
 3. In hell: in the regions of the dead: 
 opposed to heaven and earlh. 
 
 The gladsome ghosts in circling troops attend ; 
 Deliaht to hover near, and long to know 
 Whal bus'ness brought him to the realms bdow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 When sufF'ring saints aloft in beams shall glow. 
 And nrosp'rous traitors gnash their teeth below. 
 ^ ' Tickdl. 
 
 To Belo'wt. V. a. [from he, and lout, a 
 word of contempt.] To treat with op- 
 probrious language; to call names. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Sieur Gaulard, when he heard a gentleman re- 
 port, that at a supper they had not only good 
 cheer, but also savoury ei»igrains, and line ana- 
 grams, returning home, rated and bdowted his 
 cook, as an ignorant scullion, that never dressed 
 him either epigrams or anagrams. Ciimdcn. 
 
 Belswa'gger. n. s. A cant word for a 
 whoremaster. 
 
 "Vou are a charitable hchwuf^gcr ; my wife cried 
 out fire, and you cried out for engines. Vryd. 
 
 Belt. n. s. [belt, Sax. bnltheus, Lat.] A 
 girdle; a cincture in wliich a sword, or 
 some weapon, is commonly hung. 
 
 He cannot buckle his disteniper'd cause 
 Within the belt of rule. Sliahrap. 
 
 Ajas slew himself with the sword given him by 
 
 BEN 
 
 Hector, and Hector was dragged about ihe walls 
 of Troy bv the bell given hiin by Ajax. , .*;'"."• 
 
 Then sualch'd the shining belt, with gola inlaid ; 
 
 The belt Eurytion's artful hands had made. Dryd. 
 
 Belwe'ther. n. s. [from bell andwether.] 
 
 A sheep which leads the floclt with a 
 
 bell on his neck. 
 
 The fox will serve my sheep to gather. 
 And drive to follow after their belwethcr. Spem. 
 
 To oll'er to cet your living by the copulation of 
 cattle ; to be a iiawd to a belwether. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie lluck of sheep and belwether thinking to 
 break into another' 3 pasture, and being to pass 
 over another bridge, justled till both fell into the 
 ditch. ■^''""■'• 
 
 To Bely'. See Belie, 
 To Bema'd. v. a. [from be and mad-l To 
 make mad ; to turn the brain. 
 
 Jlaking just report. 
 Of how unnatural and bemaddening sorrow 
 The king hath cause to plain. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bemi're. v. a. [from be and mire.] To 
 drag or incumber in the mire ; to soil 
 by passing through dirty places. ,._ 
 
 Away they rode in homely sort, 
 Their journey long, their money short ; 
 The loving couple well bemir'd ; 
 'I'he horse and both (he riders tir'd. Swift. 
 
 ■ To Bemo'an. I', a. [from To moan.] To 
 lament; to bewail; to express sorrow 
 
 for. 
 
 He falls, he fills the house with heavy groans, 
 Implores their pity, and his pain bemoans. Dryd. 
 
 I'lie gods themselves the ruiii'd seats bemoan, 
 And blame the mischiefs that themselves have 
 done. Addison. 
 
 Bemo'aner. 11. s. [from the verb.] A 
 lamenter; the person that laments. 
 
 To Bemo'ck. v. a. [from mock.] To treat 
 with mocks. 
 
 Bemock the modest moon. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bemo'il. v. a. [be and moil, from 
 mouiller, Fr.] To bedraggle; to be- 
 mire: to encumber with dirt and mire. 
 
 Thou shouldst have heard in how miry a place, 
 bow she was bcmoiled, how he left her with the 
 horse upon her. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bemo'nster, i;. a. [from be and mon- 
 ster.] To make monstrous. 
 
 Thou chang'd and self-converted tiling! for 
 shame, 
 Bemonster not thy feature. Shakesp. 
 
 Bemu'sed. adj. [from To muse.] Over- 
 come -vvith musing; di-eaming: a word 
 of contempt. 
 
 Is there a parson much bemus'd in beer, 
 A maudlin poetess, a rhiming peer ? Pope. 
 
 BENCH. 71. s. [bene, Sax. banc. Fr.] 
 1. A seat, distinguished from a stool by 
 its greater length. 
 
 The scats and benches shone of ivory. 
 An hundred nymphs sat side by side about. 
 
 Spenser. 
 All Rome is plcas'd when Statins will rehearse. 
 And longing crowds expect the promis'd verse ; 
 His lofty numbers with so great a gust 
 They hear, and swallow with such eaoer lust: 
 But'whiie the common sulfrage crown d his cause. 
 And broke the benches with their loud apiilause, 
 His.muse had slarv'd, had not a piece unread, 
 ' And by a player bought, supply 'd her bread. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 •2. A seat of justice; the seat where judges 
 
 sit. 
 
 To pluck down justice from your awful bench ; 
 To trip the course" of law. Shakesp. 
 
 Cyriac, whose grandsire on the royal bench 
 Of liritish Theini^, with no mean ap'phmse, 
 Pronounc'd, and in his volumes taught our laws, 
 W Inch others at their bar so often wrench. JSUIton. 
 
 t 
 
 BEN 
 
 3. Tlieper'tons .-ittingona tsHfA; as, Oie 
 whole bench vnttd the s: m.- y ay. 
 
 Fools to popular praise aspire 
 Of public spceclies, which worse fools a Imirc ; 
 While, from both benches, with redoubled sounds, 
 ITh' applause of lords and commoners abounds. 
 
 ' ' Dryden. 
 
 To Bench, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To furnish with benches. 
 
 'Twas hench'd with turf, and goodly to be seen. 
 The tliick young grass arose in fresher grern. 
 
 Dryikn. 
 
 2. To seat upon a bench. 
 
 His cupbearer, whom 1 from meaner form 
 Have bcnch'd, and rear'd to worship. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'ncher. n. s. [from bench.] Those 
 gentlemen of the inns of court are called 
 feenc/ffJ-s, who have been readers; tliey 
 being admitted to plead within the bar, 
 are also called inner barristers. The 
 benchers being the seniors of the house, 
 are inti-usted with its government and 
 direction, and out of them is a treasurer 
 yearly chosen. Blount. Chambers. 
 
 1 was taking a walk in the gardens of Lincoln's 
 Inn; a favour that is indulged me by several 
 benchers, who are grown old with me. Tatlcr. 
 
 To BEND. V. a. pret. betided or bent ; 
 part. pass, bended or bent, [benban, 
 Saxon; bander, Yr. as Skinner thinks, 
 from pandare, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make crooked ; to crook; to inflect. 
 The rainbow conipassetli the heavens with a 
 
 :lorious circle, and the hands of the ilost Hi;.h 
 th bended it. . Ecctus. 
 
 I'hey bend their bows, they whirl their slings 
 around : 
 
 Heaps of spent arrows fall, and strew the ground : 
 And helms, and shields, aud rattling arms re- 
 sound. _ Dryden. 
 
 2. To direct to a certain point. 
 
 Octavius and Mark Antony 
 Came down upon us w ith a mighty pow er, 
 Bending their expedition tow'rd Philippi. Shakesp. 
 
 Why dost thou bend thy eyes upon the earth. 
 And start so often, w hen thou silt st alone ? 
 
 Shake.'rp, 
 
 'Vour gracious eyes upon this labour bend. Fair}'. 
 
 To that sweet region was our voyage bent. 
 When winds, and ev'ry warring element, 
 i)istnrb'd our course. Drvdcn. 
 
 Then, with a rushing sound, th' assembly bend 
 Diverse their steps ; the rival rout ascend 
 Tiie royal dome. Pope. 
 
 3. To apply to a certain purpose ; to in- 
 tend the mind. 
 
 Men will not bend their wits to examine, whe- 
 ther things, wherewith they have been accus- 
 tomed, be irood or evil. HooKer. 
 
 He is w iihin, w ith two right reverend fathers. 
 Divinely bent to meditation. Shakcp. 
 
 \Vhen he fell into the cout, he was no longer 
 able to bend his mind or thoughts to any publick 
 business. Temple. 
 
 4. To put any thing in order for use ; .i 
 metaphor taken from bending the bow. 
 
 I'm settled, and bend up 
 Each corporeal agent to this terrible feat. Shakesp. 
 As a fiiwler »"as bending his net, a Wackbird 
 asked him « hat he was doing ? L'Estrange. 
 
 5. To incline. 
 
 But when to mischief mortals bend their wiH 
 How soon they (ind lit in>lrumcnts of ill ! Pi';>e. 
 
 fi. To subdue: to make submissive: as, 
 war and famine will bend our enemies. 
 
 7. To bend tlie brow. To knit the brow ; 
 
 to frown. 
 
 Some have been seen to hite their pen, scratch 
 their head, (icijrf their hrmcs, bite their lips, beat 
 the board, and tear iheir paper. Camden. 
 
 1-3
 
 BEN 
 
 To Bend. v. n. 
 
 1. To be incur vatcd. 
 
 2. To lean or jut over. 
 
 There is a clitt", wliu^e Iii^h and bending liead 
 Looks feiirfuily uii tlu* couiinctl deep. bhukefip. 
 
 0. To resolve; to determine: in this sense 
 the pjutiriple is comnionly used. 
 
 Not su,for utice, in-lulii'd they s\vce|) the main. 
 Deaf to llie c.ill, or, Iiciriiig, hear in vain ; 
 But, bent on niiseliief, bear llie waves before. 
 
 Di-yden. 
 
 While good, and anxious for his friend. 
 He's still severely bent against himself; 
 Renouncing sleep, and rest, and food, and ease 
 
 Adiihon, 
 
 A state of slavery, which they are bent upon 
 with so much eagerness and obstinacy. Add{son. 
 
 He is every where^ bent on instruction, and 
 avoids all manner of dlgressii)ns, Addison. 
 
 4. To be submissive: to bow. 
 
 The sons of iheni that altlicted thee shall come 
 bending unto thee. Isuiuh. 
 
 Bend. n. s. [iVom To bind.] 
 
 1. Flexure; incurvation. 
 
 'Tis true, tliis god did shake; 
 His coward lips did from their colour tly ; 
 And that same eye, wliose btnd dolli awe the 
 
 world, 
 Did lose its lustre. * Shakesp. 
 
 2. Tlie crooked timbers which make the 
 ribs or sides of a ship. Skimier. 
 
 3 [With heralds ] One of the eiglit ho- 
 nourable ordinaries, containinpf a fifth 
 when uncharsfed; but, when charged, a 
 third part of the escutcheon. It is made 
 by two lines, drawn thwartways from 
 the dexter chief to tlie sinister base point. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Be'ndable. adj. [from bend.] That may 
 be incurvated ; thatmaybe inclined. 
 
 Be'nder. n. x. [from To bend.] 
 
 1. The person who bends. 
 
 2. The instrument with which any thing 
 is bent. 
 
 These bows, being some^^•hat like the long bows 
 in use amongst us, were bent only bv a man's im- 
 mediate strength, witliout the be'lp of any bender, 
 or rack, that are used to others. 
 
 Wilkins's Mathematical Magich. 
 
 Be'ndwith. /!. s. An herb. Diet. 
 
 Bene'aped. adj. [from neap.] A ship is 
 said to be bt neaped, when the w,ater 
 does not flow high enough to bring'her 
 off the ground, over a bar, or out of a 
 dock. Diet. 
 
 Beneath. prep, [beneo^. Sax. beneden, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. Under; lower in place: opposed to 
 above. 
 
 Their woolly fleeces, as the rites requir'd, 
 He laid beneath him, and to rest retir'd. Uruden. 
 
 Ages to come might Orraond's picture kinAv; 
 And ]>;.lm5 f.r thee beneath his kiureis grow Prim: 
 
 2. Under, as overborne or overwhelmetj 
 oy some pressure. 
 
 Our country sink> beneath the yoke ; 
 It weeps, it bleeds, and each new day'a gash 
 Is added to her wounds. SItakesp. 
 
 And oft on rocks tlicir tender wings thev tear. 
 And sink beneath the burdens which they bear. 
 
 Dei/den. 
 
 3. Lower in rank, excellence, or dignity. 
 We havereascMi to be persuaded, that there are 
 
 far more s|iccies of creatures above us, than there 
 are beneath. Locke. 
 
 4. Unworthy of; unbeseeming; not equal 
 to. 
 
 BEN ■♦_ 
 
 He will do nothing that is beneath his high sta- 
 tion, nor omit doing any thing which becomes it. 
 
 Atterbnrii. 
 ISENE'ATH.arfl). 
 
 1. In a lower place; under. 
 
 i destroyed llie Aniorile before them ; T de- 
 stroyed his fruits from above, and his roots from 
 beneath. Amns. 
 
 The earth which von take from beneath, will be 
 barren and unfruilfvll. . iVJ„rtimer. 
 
 2. Below, as opposed to heaven. 
 
 Any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in 
 the earth beneath. Exodus. 
 
 Trembling I view the dread abyss beneath. 
 Hell's horrid luansious, and the realms of death. 
 
 Yalden. 
 Be'n EDICT, or//, [benedictus, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing mild and salubrious qualities: an 
 old pli3'sical term. 
 
 It is not a small thing won in pliysick, if you 
 can make rhubarb, and other medicines that'are 
 benedict, as strong purges as those that arc not 
 without some malignity.. Bacon. 
 
 Benediction, n.s. [benediclio, Lat.] 
 1. Blessing; a decretory pronunciation of 
 fiappiness. 
 
 A sov'reign shame so bows him ; his twikind- 
 ,. Tiess, 
 
 That stript her from his benediction, tiiin'd her 
 1 o fc reign casualties, gave her dear ri^ts 
 To his dog-hearted daiighters. .- Shakesp. 
 
 : From him will raise 
 
 A mighty nation; and \ipon hiiu sbow'r 
 His benediction so, that, in his seed. 
 All nations shall be blest. Milton. 
 
 2. The advantage conferred by bles.sing. 
 
 Pros|ierity is the blessingof the Old Testament : 
 adversity is the blessing of the New ; w hieh car- 
 rielh the srcnicfljenediciion, and the clearer reve- 
 lation of God's favour. Bacon. 
 
 3. Acknowledgments for blessings re- 
 ceived; thanks. 
 
 Could he less expect 
 Than glory and benediction, that is, thanks' 
 
 ■ c , . . . Milton. 
 
 ^uch ingenious and industrious persons are de- 
 lighted in searching out natural rarities; reflect- 
 ing upon the Creator of them his due praises and 
 benedictuins. Ray. 
 
 4. The form of instituting an abbot. 
 
 W hat consecration is to a bishop, that benediction 
 is to an abbot; bat inadill'erent way : for a bishop 
 is not properiy such, till consecration ; but an 
 abbot, being elected and confirmed, is ]iroperlv 
 such before benediction. .'biliff'c. 
 
 Benefaction, n. s. [from benefacio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of conferring a benefit. 
 
 2. The benefit conferred: which is the 
 more usual sense. 
 
 One part of the Imiefactions. was tlie expression 
 of a generous and grateful mind. Atterhnry. 
 
 Benefactor. ??. «. [from hewfaiio, 
 Lat.] He that confers a benefit; fre- 
 quently he lh.it contributes to some pub- 
 lic charity : it is used with of, but oitener 
 with to, before the person benefited. 
 
 Then swell with pride, and must be titled gods, 
 Great /^f»e/(/c^i*-s (i/'mankind, deliverers, 
 Worship'd with temple, priest, and sacrifice. 
 
 Milton. 
 From that preface he took his hint, though he 
 had the baseness not to acknon ledge his benefac- 
 tor. Vrpden. 
 I cannot but look upon the writer as ]n\ bene- 
 factor, if he conveys to me an improveiuent of my 
 understanding. Addison. 
 Whoever makes ill returns to his benefactor, 
 must needs be a common enemy to mankind. 
 
 Sulft. 
 Benefa'ctress. n. s. [from benefactor.] 
 A woman who confers a benefit. 
 
 BEN 
 
 Benefice. ». s. [from bencjtcinm, Lat.] 
 Advantage confen-ed on another. This 
 word is generally taken for all ecclesi- 
 astical livings, be they dignities or others. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 And of the priest eftsoons 'gan to enquire. 
 How to a benejice be miMit aNpire Spemer. 
 
 Much lo hi'mself he thought, but little S|,oke, 
 And, undepriv'd, his bcnejiee forsook. Dryd 
 
 Be'neficed. adj. [from benefice.] Pos- 
 sessed of a benefice, or church prefer- 
 ment. 
 
 The usual rate between the beneficed man and 
 the religious person, was one moiety of the bene- 
 fice. Aylijfe. 
 
 Beneficence, v. s. [from beneficent.] 
 The practice of doing good; active 
 goodness. 
 
 ^ ou could not extend your hatefcence to so 
 many persons; yet you have lost as few days as 
 Aurelius. ^ Dr'iiden. 
 
 Love and charity extends our beneficence to the 
 miseries of our bre'lhrcn. Rogers 
 
 Beneficent, adj. [from beneficw!, bene- 
 firenfior; J^a.t.] Mind; doing good. 
 It differs from benign, as the act from 
 the disposition; beneficence being kind- 
 ness, or benignity exerted in action. 
 
 Such a creature could not have his origination 
 from any lc^s than the most wise and beneficent 
 being, Hie ^reat God. . Hale. 
 
 But Pliahus, thou, to man benefceiit, 
 Delight'st in building cities. 
 
 Prlin'. 
 
 Beneficial, adj. [from beneficium, Lat.] 
 
 1. Advantageous; conferring benefits; 
 profitable; useful: with lo before the 
 person benefited. 
 
 Not any thing is made tube fceiie^cm/fohira, but 
 all things for him, to shew. beneficence and grace 
 in iheni. Hooker. 
 
 This supposition grants^the opinion to conduce 
 to order in the world, consequenfly to be very 
 beneficial lo miiiikind. Tillotson. 
 
 1 he war, w Inch would have been most bemfcial 
 to.us, and destructive to the enemy , was neglectecfcw 
 
 "' ... ^"if- 
 
 Are the present revoKitions in circular orbs more 
 benefcial tlian the other would be? Bentley. 
 
 2. Helpful ; medicinal. 
 
 In the first access of such a disease, any deob- 
 struent, without much acrimony, is beneficial. 
 ,, Arbnthnot. 
 
 s. An old word for a 
 
 Benefi'cial. 
 benefice. 
 
 For that the groundwork is, and end of all, 
 How to obtain a beneficial. Spenser. 
 
 Benefi'cially. adv. [from beneficial.] 
 Advantageously; profitably; helpfully. 
 
 Benefi'cialness. n.s. [from ben rfi'c in I.] 
 LTsofulness; profit; helpfulness. 
 
 ']'h.ui;:h the knowledge of these objects be com- 
 mendable for their coiiicntaiion and curiosity, yet 
 they do not commein! their knowledge to us, upon 
 the account of their usefulness and beneficialness. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Benefi'ciary. adj. [from benefice.] 
 Holding something in subordination to 
 another; having a dependent and se- 
 condary possession, without sovereign 
 power. 
 
 The duke of Parma was tempted by no less 
 promise, than to be made a feudatory, or bene- 
 ciary king of England, under the seignory in chief 
 of the pope. Bactm. 
 
 Beneficiary, n. s. He that is in pos- 
 session of a benefice. 
 
 174 
 
 ■«>.
 
 ..BEN * 
 
 A benefice is either said to be a benefice with 
 llic cure of souls, or otherw iic. In the first c^isc, 
 if it be annexed to another benefice, Ihebeiieticimy 
 is obliged to serve the parish cliurch in liis own 
 proper person. AylitJ'e. 
 
 BENEFIT, n.s. [beneficium, Lat] 
 1. A kindness; a favour conlerred; an 
 act of love. 
 
 When noble benefits sliall prove 
 Kot well dispos'dj'tiie niiud grown once corrupt. 
 They turn to vicious forms. S/iaAts/i. 
 
 Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all 
 his benefits. Pialms. 
 
 Offer 'd life 
 Neglect not, and the benefit embrace 
 By faith, not void ■ f works. Milton. 
 
 8. Advantage ; profit ; use. 
 
 The creature abateth his strength for the benefit 
 of such as pat tlieir trust in thee. Wisdom. 
 
 8. In law. 
 
 Benefit of cicrgif is an ancient liberty of tlie 
 * church". When a "priest, or one within orders, is 
 J-^ arraigned of felony before a secular judge, he may 
 
 f>ray nis clergy ; that is. pray to be delivered to 
 lis ordinary, to purge himseffof the offence ob- 
 jected to liim ; and this miLiht be done in case of 
 murder. Tlie ancient law, in Uiis point of derail, 
 is much altered ; for clerks ate no uion' delivered 
 to their ordinaries to be purged, but now e\ery 
 man, though not within orders, is ptit to read at 
 tJie bar, being found guilty, and convicted of 
 such felony as this benefit is granted for ; and so 
 burnt in tlie ha^, and set free for the first time, 
 if tlie ordinary's- commissioner, or deputVt stand- 
 ing by, do say. Lc^^'t Jit c/encujjj^ or, otlierwise, 
 suffefeth death for his transgression. Couell. 
 
 To Benefit, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 do good to ; to advantacje. 
 
 What course I mean to hold. 
 
 Shall nothing benefit your knowledge. Shakesp. 
 
 He was so far from benefiting trade, that he did 
 
 it a great injury, and brought Rome in danger of 
 
 a famine. Arbuthnet. 
 
 To Benefit, r. n.- To gain advantage; 
 to make improvement. 
 
 To tell you therefore what I have benefited here- 
 in, among' old renowned authors, 1 shall spare. 
 
 Mi/(i7n. 
 
 Bexe'mpt. (7(7/. [SeeNEMPT.] Named; 
 
 marked out: an obsolete word. 
 Much greater gifts for guerdon thou shalt gain. 
 
 Than kid or cosset, which 1 tliee benempt ; 
 
 Then up I say. Spenser. 
 
 To Benet. r. a. [from nell\ To ensnare; 
 
 to surround as with toils. 
 Beinn thus benetted round with villains, 
 
 "Ere I could mark t!ie prologue, to my bane ^ 
 
 They liad begun the play. " " Shakesp. 
 
 Bene'volence. n.s. [bcnevohtUin, Lat.] 
 
 1. Disposition to do good; kindness; 
 charity; cood will. 
 
 Grasp the whole worlds of reason, life and 
 sense, 
 In one close system of benevolence. Pope. 
 
 2. The good done; the charity given. 
 
 3. A kind of tax. 
 
 This lax, called a benevolence, was devised by 
 Edward IV. for which he sustained much envy. 
 It was aholisHed by Richard III. liuruii 
 
 Benevolent, niij. [benerolens, Jieiievo- 
 hniitf', Lat ] Kind ; having good will, 
 or kitfd inclinations. 
 ,^hou good old man, 'ifiifwknt as wise. Pope. 
 
 Xature all 
 Is blooming and benevolent like thee. Viomson. 
 
 Bene'volentness. n. s. The same with 
 benevolence. 
 
 Benga'l. n. s. [from Bengal in the East 
 Indies.] A sort of thm slight stuff, 
 made of silk and hair, for women's ap- 
 parel. 
 
 BEN 
 
 BE'NyAMiN. 71. s, A plant. 
 Be'njamin. n.s, A gum. See Ben- 
 
 ZOIN- 
 
 To Beni'ght. r. a, [from night, "] 
 
 1. To involve in darkness; to darken j to 
 shrowd with the shades of night. 
 
 lie that has liglit within liis uwn clear breast 
 j\Iay sit i' ih' cer.tre, and enjoy brii^ht daj- ; 
 But he that hides a dark soul, and foul tliuught'?,^ 
 Benighted walk.s under the raid-day sun ; 
 Himself is his own dungeon. Milton. 
 
 Those briiiht stars that did adorn our hemis- 
 pliere, as those dark shades that did benight it, 
 vanish. Hoyle. 
 
 A storm begins, the raging waves run high, 
 The clouds look heavy, and benight the sky.Gflr(/i. 
 
 Tlie miserable race of men, that live 
 Benighted half llie year, benumb'd with fronts, 
 Under the polar Jicar. I'hUips. 
 
 2. To surprise with the coming on of 
 night. 
 
 Being benighted, the sight of a candle, I saw a 
 good way ott', directed me to a young sbej>herd's 
 house. Sidney. 
 
 Here some benighted angel, in his way, 
 Mi^ht ca'^e his wmsis ; and, seeing heav'n appear 
 In its best work of mercy, think ifthere. Driid. 
 
 3. To debar from intellectual light; to 
 cloud with ignorance. 
 
 Rut whitt so long in vain, and yet unknown 
 By poor mankind's henighti'd wit' is sought, 
 Sliull in this age to Britain first be shown. Di^yd 
 
 BENIGN. fl(//. [be7ii»;nus, Lat. It is 
 pronounced without the g, as if written 
 btnine; but tlie g is preserved in be- 
 
 1. Kind; generous; liberal; actually 
 good. See Beneficent. 
 
 This turn hath made amends ! Thou hast ful- 
 fiird 
 Thy words, Creator bounteous and beiiign ! 
 Giver of all things fair. Milt&n. 
 
 So shall the world go on. 
 To good malignant, to bad men benign. Mdton. 
 
 We owe more to Heav'n, than to the sword. 
 The wisli'd return of so benign a lord. Waller. 
 
 What Heav'n bestows upon the earth, in kind 
 influences and benign aspects, is paid it back in 
 sacrifice and adoration. South. 
 
 They who delight in the suffering of inferiuur 
 creatures, will not be very compassionate or 
 benign. iyc';?- 
 
 DifFVent are tliy names, 
 A? thv kind liand has foinided many ciiics. 
 Or dealt benign th\ various gifts to men. Prior 
 
 2. Wholesome; not mali^^nant. 
 
 These salts are ^^a benign mild nature, in 
 healthy persons; hnfTi'i (others, retain tlicir origi- 
 nal qualities, which they discover in cachexies. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Benign Disease, is when all the usual 
 symptoms appear in the small-pox, or 
 any acute disease, favourably, and with- 
 out any irregularities, or unexpected 
 changes. Quincy, 
 
 Beni'gnity. n, s. [from benign^ 
 
 1, Graciousness; goodness. 
 
 It is true, that his mercy will forgive offenders, 
 or hii benignity co-operate to their conversion. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Although he enjoys the good that is done him, 
 he is unconcerned to value the benignity of him 
 that does it. South. 
 
 2. Actual kindness. 
 
 It 
 
 BEN 
 
 He which u^eth the benefit of anv special benit^- 
 nitii, mav enjoy it with good conscience. Hooker. 
 
 The k"iug was desirous to establish peace rather 
 by benignity than blood. Hayxcard, 
 
 3. Salubrity; wholesome quality; friend- 
 liness to vital nature. 
 
 Bones receive a (juicker agglutination in san- 
 guine than in cholerick bodies, by reason of the 
 oeni»7u(u of the serum, which seuileth out better 
 matter for a callus. Wiseman. 
 
 Be>m'gnly. adv. [from benign!\ Favour- 
 ably ; kindly ; graciously. 
 
 'Tis amazement more than love. 
 Which her radiant eyes do move; 
 If less splendour wait on thine, 
 Ye; they so benignlij shine, 
 I would turn my dazzled sight 
 To behold their milder light. Waller. 
 
 Oh, truly good, and truly great! 
 For glorious as he rose, bemgnty so lie set. Prior, 
 
 Be'mson. n. s. [benir to bless; benissons, 
 Fr.] Blessing; benediction: not now 
 used, unless ludicrously j, 
 
 We have no such daughter ; nor shall ever see 
 That face of hers a;iain ; tliereibre, begone 
 Without our grace, our love, our benison. Shakesp. 
 
 Unmuttie, \e fair stars, and thou, fair moon. 
 That wont'st to love the traveller's btnistm. Milton. 
 
 Be'nnet. n.s. An herb; the same with 
 ti veils. 
 
 Bent. 71. s. [from the verb Tp bend.] 
 
 1. The state of being bent; a state of 
 flexure; curvity. 
 
 Strilve gently, and hold your rod at a bent a 
 little. Ha/t<m. 
 
 2. Degree of flexure. 
 
 There are divers subtle inquiries concerning the 
 strength required to the bending of bows ; the 
 force Ihev lr*ve in the discharge, according to the 
 several bents ; aud the strength required to be in 
 the string of them. WiUdna. 
 
 3. Declivity. 
 
 A mountain stood, 
 Threat'ning from high, and overlook'd the wood ; 
 Beneath the low'ring brow, and on a bent, 
 The temple stood of JIars armipotent. Dryd, 
 
 4. Utmost power, as of a bent bow. 
 
 Then let th^' love be younger than thyself. 
 Or thy alTection cannot hold the bent. SItakesp. 
 
 We both obey, 
 .'\nd here give up ourselves, in the full 6cnr, 
 To lay our service freely at your feet. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Application of the mind ; strain of the 
 mental powers. 
 
 The understandini: sliould be brought to the 
 knotty parts of kuowledi^e, that try the strength 
 of tho'ueht, and a full bent of the mind, b^' insen- 
 sible degrees. Locke. 
 
 a. Inclination ; disposition towards some- 
 thing. 
 
 O who does know the bent of women's fantasy ' 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 To your o» n bents dispose you ; you'll be 
 found 
 Be von beiiea h the sky. Shakesp, 
 
 lie knew the strong Sent of the country towards 
 the house of \ ork. Bacon 
 
 Soon inclin'd t' admit delight. 
 The bent of nature ! MUton. 
 
 The golden age was first ; when man, yet new. 
 No rule hut uncorrupted reason knew ; 
 And, with a native bent, did cood pursue. Dryel. 
 
 Let tliere be propensity and bent of will to reli- 
 gion, and there will Ix- tlie same sedulity and in- 
 defatigalile iiuUistry. Sotith, 
 
 "lis odds but ihc scale turns at last on nature's 
 side, and the evidence of one or two senses gives 
 way to the united bent and tendency of all the 
 five. Atterbury. 
 
 7. Determination; fixed purpose. 
 
 Tlieir unbelief we m:w not impute into insuf- 
 ficiency in the mean wbichis used, but to th« 
 w ilful bent of their obstinate hearts against it. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 175
 
 4 
 f 
 
 B E P 
 
 "Vet we saw ihem forced to give way to tlie hcni 
 and current humour of the people, in favour of 
 their aiicieiU and lawful governnieiit. Tcmjilf. 
 
 8. Turn of the temper, or disposition ; 
 shape, or fashion, siiperlnducetl by art. 
 
 Nut n ci'iirtier, 
 Ahliou^li tliey wear tlitir faces to the bent 
 Of the kinij;'s*look, but Iiatli a heart that is 
 Glad at the tliine; lliey scowl at. Skahesp. 
 
 Two of thcni have tlie very bejit of honour. 
 
 iihakcsp. 
 Tlien thy straight rule set virtue in my sight, 
 Tlie crooked line rcfnrminj^ by the rij:;lit ; 
 My reason took the bent of thy command, 
 "Was forin'd and polish'd by tliy skilful hand. 
 
 Diyden. 
 
 9. Tendency; flexion; particular direc- 
 tion. 
 
 The exercising the understand ini; in the several 
 ways of reasoning, teachctii the mind suj)plenes5, 
 to apply itself more dexterously to bents and turns 
 i.f the matter, in all its rescaielies. Lixke. 
 
 10. A stalk of pfrass, called bi7if-grass. 
 
 His spear, a bent botli stiif and strong. 
 And wf II near of two inches long ; 
 The pile was of a horsf-fly's tonuue, 
 Whose sliarpiiess nought revers'tl. Drayt. Kijmph. 
 
 Then the Mowers of the vines ; it is a litile dust, 
 like liie dusl, of a bent, which grows upon the 
 cluster, in the first coming forth. Bacon s Essuy-i. 
 
 June is drawn in a mantle of dark grass-green, 
 upon his head a garland of bents, kingcups, and 
 inaidenliair. Pcackuin. 
 
 Be'nting Time, [from ftewf.] The time 
 when pigeons feed on bents before peas 
 are ripe. 
 
 Bare benting times, and moulting monthsj may 
 come, 
 When, lagging late, they cannot reach their home. 
 
 Dryclcn. 
 
 To Benu'm. V, a. [benumen, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To make torpid: to take away the sen- 
 sation and use of any part by cold, or 
 by some obstruction. 
 
 So stings a snake that to the fire is broufrht, 
 Which harmless lay, with cold 6enumm'd,before. 
 
 Fttii^'ax. 
 
 The winds blow moist and keen, which bid's us 
 
 seek 
 
 Some better shroud, some better warmth to cheri>li 
 
 Our limbs bcniim/n d. Mitton 
 
 Rly sinews slacken, and an icy stillness 
 Benums by blood. Denham. 
 
 It seizes upon the vitals, and benums the senses ; 
 and where there is no sense, there can be no pain. 
 
 Sout}i. 
 
 Will they be the less dangerous, when warmth 
 
 shrill bring'lhem to themselves, because they were 
 
 once frozen and benumm'd with cold ? L'Kdrangc^ 
 
 2. To stupify. 
 
 These accents were her last : the creeping death 
 Beniimnid her senses first,theii stopped her breath. 
 
 Drudeii. 
 Benzo'in. n. s. A medicinal kind of resin 
 imported from the East Indies, and vul- 
 garly called benjamin. It is procured 
 by making an incision in a tree, whose 
 leaves resemble those of the lemon-tree. 
 The best comes from Siam, and is called 
 ami/ gdalo ides, being interspersed with 
 •white spots, resemblinf^ broken almonds. 
 Treiwux. Chambers. 
 The liquor we have distilled from benzoin, is 
 subject to frequent vicissitudes of tluidity and 
 firmness. 'Boijic. 
 
 Benzo'in Tree, n. s. See Benjamin 
 
 Tree. 
 To Bepa'int. v. a. [from paint.] To 
 
 cover with paint. 
 
 Thou know'st, the mask of ni^ht is on my face, 
 EJsc wonld a maiden blush bepaint my chee'k. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 B E R 
 
 To Bepi'nch. v. a, [from pinch.'] To 
 mark ^vith pinches. 
 
 In their sides, arms, shoulders, all bephichtj 
 linn thick the weals, red with blood, ready to 
 start out. Chapman. 
 
 To Bepi'ss, v. a. [from piss.] To wet 
 with urine. 
 
 One caused, at a feast, a baf^pipe to be played, 
 which made the knight bc}>iss liimself, to the great 
 diversion of all then ^jresent, as well as confusion 
 of himself. Vcrfmm. 
 
 To BEQUE'ATH. v. a. [cpi^e, Sax. a 
 will.] To leave by will to another. 
 
 She had never been disinherited of that goodly 
 portion, which nature had so liberally befpieaihed 
 to her. Sidney. 
 
 Let's choose executors, and talk of wills ; 
 And yet not so-^for what can "e hcqnrath, 
 Save our deposed bodies to the ground. Shakei^p. 
 
 My father heqneatlicd m^by wiU but a poor 
 thousand crowns. Shakesp 
 
 JMethink this age seems resolv'd to bequeath 
 posterity somewhat to remcmlier it. GLinviUc. 
 
 Forym whom best I love and value most. 
 But to 3'our service I bequeath my ghost. 
 
 Drpdens Fables. 
 
 Beque'athment. 71, s. [from' bequeafh.] 
 A legacy. Diet. 
 
 Beque'st. ??. s, [from bequeath.] Some- 
 thing left by will ; a legacy. 
 
 He claim'd ihecrown to himself; pretending an 
 adoj)tion, or /jfy«cs(, of the kingdom unto him by 
 the Confessor. ' Hale. 
 
 To Bera'ttle. v. a. [from 3r////< .] To 
 fill with noise; to make a noise at in 
 contempt. 
 
 These are ntjw (he fasliion, and so berattle the 
 common stages, so they call them, that many 
 wearing rapiers are afeiid of gooseiiuills, and darV 
 scarce come thither. Shakes]}. 
 
 Be'r BERRY. ?i. s. [berberiSf sometimes 
 written barberri/, which see.] A beny 
 of a sharp taste, used for pickles. 
 
 Some never ripen to be sweet, as lamariiids, 
 barberries, cralis, sloes, Sic. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 To BERE'AVE. v. w. preter. / bereavedy 
 or bereft ; part, bereft, [bejieopian. Sax.] 
 I. To strip of; to deprive of. It has 
 generally the particle of before the 
 thing taken away. 
 ^(Madam, you have bereft me nf all words, 
 O^y my bfood speaks t(jybii iii my veins. Shak. 
 ■That wlien ihou coin'st toineel at Henry's feet. 
 Tliou may'st bereave him u^nis wits with wonder. 
 
 .Slial^sp. 
 
 There was never a prince bereaved of his depfeu- 
 
 dencies by his council, eift^pt there lialh been an 
 
 overgreatness in one couofMllor. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 The sacred priests witlr ready knives bereave 
 The beasts it/" life. Vrijden. 
 
 To deprive us of metals, is to make us 'mere 
 savages ; it is to bereave us i^/all arts and sciences, 
 o/' history and letters, nay, (>/ revealed religion too, 
 that inestimable favour of fieaven. 
 
 Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 2. Sometimes it is used without of. 
 
 Bereave me not. 
 Whereon 1 live ! ihy gentle looks, thy aid. 
 Thy counsel, in this uttermost distress. Milton. 
 
 3. To take away from. 
 
 All your iuterest in those territories 
 Is utterly bcrcjt you, all is lost. Shakesp. 
 
 Bere'avement. 71. s. [from bereave.] 
 Deprivation, Diet, 
 
 Bere'ft. part. pass. o£ bereave. 
 
 The cliief of either side bereft of life, 
 Or yielded to the foe, concludes the strife. Dryd. 
 
 Berg. See Burrow. 
 Be'rgamot. 7t. s. [bergainottet Fr.] 
 1. A sort of pear, commonly called hur- 
 gamot. See Pear. 
 
 4 
 ^ B E R 
 
 2. A sort "f essence, or ppifiinie, drawn 
 from a fruit produced by ingrafting a 
 lemon -ti-ee on a bcrsjaraot pear stock. 
 
 3. A sort of snuff", wlucli is only clean to- 
 bacco, with a little of the essence rubbed 
 into it. 
 
 Be'rgmaster. n. s. [from bejij. Sax. 
 and master.] The bailiff, or chief offi- 
 cer, among the Derbyshire miners. 
 
 Be'rgmote. n. s. [of bepj a mountain, 
 and more a meeting, Saxon.] A court 
 held upon a hill for deciding controver- 
 sies among the Derbyshire miners. Blout. 
 
 To Berhy'me. v. a. [from r/iijme.] To 
 mention in rhyme, or verses : a word 
 of contempt. 
 
 Now is he for the numbers that Petrarch flow'd 
 in. Laura to his iady ^^as but a kitchen-wench; 
 marry, slie had a belter love lo herhi^mc her. S}iak. 
 
 I soucht no homage from tlie race that write ; 
 I liept, like Asian nionarchs, from tlicir sight: 
 Poems I lieetled, now hcrbi^ni'd so Ions;, 
 No more than thou, great George! a birthday 
 song. P„)n. 
 
 Berli'n. n. s. [from Berlin, the city 
 where they were first made.] A coach 
 of a particular form. 
 
 Beware of Latin authors allJE* 
 Nor think Jour verses sterling, 
 
 Thoii-h witli a golden pen yon scraw'l, 
 And sciibLle in a iierlln. Swift 
 
 BERMl'l. n.s. [Fr. in fortification.] A 
 space of ground three, four, or five feet 
 wide, left without, between the foot of 
 the rampart and the side of the mote, 
 to prevent the earth from falling down 
 into the mote; sometimes palisadoed. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 To Be'rob. v. a. [from roh.] To rob ,• 
 to plunder; to wrong any, by taking 
 away something from him by stealth or 
 violence. Not used. 
 
 She said. Ah dearest lord ! wiiat evil star 
 On you iialh frown'd, and pour'd his iutluence bad. 
 That of yourself you thus berobbutt arc ? fairy Q. 
 
 BE'RRY. n. s. [bepij. Sax. from bean to 
 bear.] Any small fruit, with many 
 seeds or small stones. 
 
 She smote tlie ground, the wliich strai:;htfonh 
 tlid yield 
 A fniilfnl lilive tree, with berries spread, ^ 
 
 That all the gods admir'd. Spenser. 
 
 The strawberry grows underneath the nettle. 
 And wholesome berries thrive and ripen best, 
 Kcighbour'd by fruit of basest quality. Simhesp, 
 
 To Be'rry. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 bear berries. 
 
 Berry-bearing Cedar, [cednis bncri- 
 fera, Lat.]" The lea\'es are squamosc, 
 somewhat like those of tlie cypress. 
 The katkins, or male flowers, an pro. 
 duced at remote distances frtim the 
 fruit on the same tree. The flhiit is a 
 berry, inclosing three hard seed^in 
 each. The wood is of great use in tlie 
 Levant, is large timber, and may be 
 thought the shittim-wnod mentioned in 
 the Scripture, of which many of th« 
 ornaments to the famous temple of 
 Solomon were made. Alillcr. 
 
 Berry- BEARING Orach. See Mli.- 
 berry Blight. 
 
 170 
 
 I
 
 t 
 
 B E S 
 
 Bert, is the same with our bright ; — 
 in the Latin, illustris and clarus. So 
 Echert, tternally famous or bright ; 
 Sigbert, famous conqueror. And she 
 who was termed by the Germans Bertha, 
 was by the Greeks called Eudoxia, as is 
 observed by Lintprandus. Of the same 
 sort were these, Phcedrus, Epiphanius, 
 Photius, Lampridius, Fulgentius, Illus- 
 tris. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 Berth, n. t. [with sailors.] See Birth. 
 
 Be'rtram. «. s. {pyrethrum, Lat.] A 
 sort of herb, called also bastard pcllitory. 
 
 Beryl, n. s. [beryllus, Latf] A kind 
 of precious stone. 
 
 Jlay (hy billows roll ashore 
 The heryl ancf the'golden ore. MiUon. 
 
 The hcritl of our lapidaries is oiilj a fine sort of 
 cornelian, of a more deep bright red, somctnnes 
 with a cast of yellow, and more transparent than 
 the common cornelian. Woodward. 
 
 To Bescr'een. v. a. [from screen:] To 
 cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to conceal . 
 
 Whatman art thou, that thus descreeii'd in night, 
 
 So sturablest on my counsel ? Skakesp. 
 
 To Beeeech. v. a. pret. I besought, I 
 
 have besought, [from j-ecan. Sax. ver- 
 
 socken, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To entreat; to supplicate ; to implore ; 
 sometimes before a person. 
 
 I beseech you, Sir, pardon me ; it is only a letter 
 from my brother, that I have not all over-read. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I beseech thee for my son Ouesimus, whom I 
 
 , have begotten in my bonds. Philemon, 10. 
 
 I, in the anguish of my heart, beseech you 
 To quit the dreadful purpose of your soul.^iHisoii. 
 
 2. To beg ; to ask before a thing. 
 
 But Eve fell humble, and besought 
 His peace, and thus proceeded in her pfaint, 
 
 '^ Milton. 
 
 Before 1 come to them, Ibeseech your patience, 
 
 W hilst I speak something to ourselve's here present 
 
 ' .Spratt 
 
 To Bese'em. v. n. [bezicmen, Dutch,] To 
 become ; to be fit ; to be decent for. 
 
 What form of speech or behaviour, beseemeth us 
 in our prayers to Almighty God ? Hooker. 
 
 This oversight 
 Beseems thee not, in whom such virtues spring. 
 
 Ftinfajc. 
 ' Verona's ancient citizens 
 ' Cast by their brave beseeming ornaments. Shakesp. 
 What thoughts he had, beseems not me to say ; 
 Tliough some surmise he went to fast and pray. 
 
 Vrijdeti. 
 
 Bese'en. particip. [from besie. Skinner. 
 This word I have only found in Spenser,] 
 Adapted ; adjusted ; becoming. 
 
 Forth came that ancient lord and aged queen, 
 Anued in antique robes down to the ground, 
 .And sad habiliments right well bcseen. Fairy Q. 
 
 T(i Bese't. V. a. pret. 1 beset ; I have 
 beset, [bcf-i^tan. Sax.] 
 
 1 . To beseige ; to hem in ; to inclose ; as 
 with a siege. 
 
 Follow him that's fled ; 
 The thicket is 6esrt, he cannot 'scape. Shakesp. 
 Now, Cesar, let thy troops beset our gates, 
 
 And bar each avenue 
 
 C'ato shall open to himself a passage. Addison. 
 
 I know thou look'st on me as on a wretch 
 Beset with ills, and cover'd with misfortunes. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. To waylay ; to surround. 
 
 Draw forth thy weapon, we're tesct with thieves ; 
 Rescue thy mistress. Shakesp. 
 
 The only righteous in a world perverse, 
 And therefore hated, therefore so beset 
 With foes for daring single to be just. Milton. 
 
 Vol I. 
 
 BES 
 
 True fortitude 1 take to be the quiet possession 
 of a man's self, and an undisturbed doing liis duty, 
 whatever evil be.icis, or danger lies in his way. Locke. 
 
 3. To embarrass; to perplex; to entangle 
 without any means of escape. 
 
 Now, daughter Sylvia, you arc hard beset. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Thus Adam, sore /ifsct reply'd. _ Milton. 
 
 Sure, or I read her visage much amiss, 
 Or grief 6c.sc(s her bard. lioue. 
 
 We be in this world beset with sundry uneasi- 
 nesses, distracted with different desires. Locke. 
 
 4. To fall upon ; to harass. Not used. 
 But they him spying, both with greedy force 
 
 At once upon him ran, and him beset 
 
 With strokes of mortal steel. Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Beshre'w. 1). a. [The original of this 
 word is somewhat obscure : as it evi- 
 dently implies to wish ill, some derive 
 it from heschri/en, Germ, to enchant. 
 Topsel, in his Book of Animals, deduces 
 it from the shretu mouse, an animal, says 
 he, so poisonous, that its bite is a severe 
 curse. A sh7-ew likewise signifies a 
 scolding woman ; but its origin is not 
 known.] 
 
 1. To wish a curse to. 
 Nay, quoth tne cock, but I ieshrew us both. 
 
 If I believe a saint upon his oath. Dryden's Fab. 
 
 2. To happen ill to. 
 
 Beshrew thee, cousin, which did'st lead me forth 
 
 Of that sweet way I was in to despair. Shakesp. 
 
 Now much beshrew my manners, and ray pride, 
 
 , If Hermia meant to say'Lvsander lied. Shakesp. 
 
 Beside. | r^^.^^^.^ j^ ^^^^ ^,-^g j 
 
 Besides. ^ >' r l 
 
 1 . At the side of another ; near. 
 
 Beside the hearse a fruitful palmtree grows, 
 Ennoblcil since by this great funerah Fairfax. 
 He caused me to sit down beside him. Bacon. 
 At his right liand, Victorjr 
 Sat eagle-wing'd : beside him bung his bow. Milt. 
 
 Fair Lavinia lied the fire 
 Before the gods and stood beside her sire. Dryden. 
 Fair is the kingcup that in meadow blows 
 
 Fair is the daisy "tha't hcside her grows. Gay. 
 
 Now uncler hanging mountains. 
 Beside the falls of fuuntains, 
 Unheard, unknown. 
 He makes his moan. rope. 
 
 2. Over and above. 
 
 Doubtless, in man there is a nature found. 
 Beside the senses and above them far. 
 
 Sir J. Uames. 
 
 Inbrutcs.tfsidcUhe exercise of sensitive percep- 
 tion and imagination, there are lodged nistincts 
 antecedent to their imaginative faculty. liale. 
 
 V,'e may be sure there were great numbers of 
 wise and'learnid men, beside those whose names 
 are in the Christian records, who took care to 
 examine our Saviour's history. 
 
 Addison on the Chrift. Relig. 
 
 Precepts of morality, besides the natural corrup- 
 tion of our tempers, "are abstracted from ideas of 
 sense. Addison. 
 
 3. Not according to, though not contrary; 
 as we say, somethings are beside natiu-e, 
 some are contrary to nature. 
 
 The Stoicks did hoi. I a necessary connexion of 
 causes ; but they believed, that God doth act 
 mater k contra naturam, bcsidesiai against nature. 
 '^ BramhaU. 
 
 To say a thing is a chance, as it relates to second 
 causes, signifies no more, than that there are some 
 events beside the know ledge, purpose, expectation, 
 and power of second causes. Smth. 
 
 Providence often disposes of things by a method 
 beside, and above, the discoveries ot man's reason. 
 
 South. 
 j It is beside my present business to enlarge upon 
 I tills speculation. Locke. 
 
 BES 
 
 4. Out of; in a state of deviating from. 
 
 You are too wilful blame, 
 And, since your coming here, have done 
 Enough to put him quite beside bis patience. Shak. 
 
 Of vagabonds we say. 
 That they are ne'er beside their way. Hudibraf. 
 
 These may serve as landmarks, to shew what 
 lies in the direct way of truth, or is quite besides 
 it. Ijocke. 
 
 5. Before a reciprocal pronoun, out of ; as, 
 beside himself ; out of the order of ra- 
 tional beings ; out of his wits. 
 
 They be carried beside themselves, to whom the 
 dignity of publitk prayer doth not discover some- 
 what more fitness in men of gravity, than in cbil 
 dren. ' , Hooker. 
 
 Only be patient, till wchaveappcas'd 
 The multitude beside themselves with fear. Shakesp. 
 
 Fcstus said with a loud voice, Paul, Ihou art 
 beside thiisetf; much learning doth make thee mad. 
 
 Acts. 
 
 Besi'de. > , 
 r, , > adv. 
 Besi des. j 
 
 1. More than that ; over and above. 
 
 if Cassio do remain 
 He hath a daily beauty in his life. 
 That makes me ugli^ ; and, besides, the Moor 
 May unfold me to him ; there stand I in peril. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Besides, you know not, while you here attend, 
 Tir unworthy fate of your unhappy friend. Dryd. 
 
 That man that doth not know those things, 
 which are of necessity for liim to know, is but an 
 ienorant man, whatever he may know besides. 
 ^ ' Tillotson. 
 
 Some wonder, that tlie Turk never attacks tliis 
 treasury. But, besides that he has attempted it 
 formerly with no success, it is certain the Vene- 
 tians keep too watchful an eye. Addison. 
 
 2. Not in this number ; out of this class ; 
 not included here. 
 
 The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any be- 
 sides ? Genesis. 
 
 Outlaws and robbers, who break with all the 
 wurld besiiles, must keep faith among themselves. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 All that we feel of it becins and ends 
 In the small circle of our Toes or friends ; 
 To all beside as much an empty shade. 
 An Eugene livhig, as a Ceesar dead. ^ .^T'- 
 
 And dead, as living, 'tis our author's pride 
 Still to charm those who charm the world beside. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Besi'dery. rt. s. A species of pear. 
 
 To Besi'ege. v. a. [from siege.] To bela- 
 guer ; to lay siege to ; to beset with armed 
 forces ; to endeavour to win a town or 
 fortress, by surrounding it with an army, 
 and forcing the defendants, either by 
 violence or famine to give admission. 
 
 And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy 
 
 hi"h and fenced walls come do«n. Deuteronomy. 
 
 'i'he queen, with all the northern carls and lords, 
 
 Inti'iids here to besiege you in your castle.i/iufccT'. 
 
 Besieger. Ji. s. [from besiege.] One 
 employed in a seige. 
 
 There is hardly a town taken, in the common 
 forms, where the" besiegers liave not the worse ol 
 
 the bargain. ■S"!/'- 
 
 To Beslu'bber. f. a. [from slubba] 
 To dawb ; to smear. 
 
 He persuaded us to tickle our noses with spear- 
 grass, and make tlieiu bleed ; and then beslulSe^- 
 our garments with it, and swear it was the blood 
 of true men. Shahetp. 
 
 To Besmear, r. a. [from smear.] 
 1. To bcdawb ; to overspread with some- 
 thing that sticks on. 
 
 He lav as in a dream of deep delight. 
 Besmear d with i.-recious balm.whosevirtuous might 
 Did heal his w omids. Fairy Queeiu 
 
 A a l"'
 
 B E S 
 
 That face of his I do remember well ; 
 Yet when 1 >aw it last, it was hesmear'd 
 As black as Vulcan. . Shdtesp. 
 
 First Moloch, horrid king ! besmear d with blood 
 Of human sacrifice, and parents tears. Parad.Lost. 
 
 Her fainting hand let fall the sword, besmear'd 
 AVith blood. , Oenham. 
 
 Her gushing blood the pavement all besmear d. 
 
 Dry Jen. 
 
 2. To soil ; to foul. 
 
 .Mv honour would not let ingratitude 
 So in'uch besmear it. Shakesit. 
 
 To Besmi'RCH. v. a. To soil; to dis- 
 colour. Not in u-,e. 
 
 Perhaps he loves you now, 
 ,\nd now no soil of cautel doth besmirch 
 ilie virtue of his will. Shakesp. 
 
 Our "ayncss and our guilt are all hesmirch'd 
 With raiiiv marching in'the painful field. Shakesp. 
 
 To Besmo'ke V. n. [from smoke.] 
 
 1. To foul witli smoke. 
 
 2. To harden or dry in smoke. 
 To Besmu't. I', a. [from smut.] To black- 
 en with smoak or soot. 
 
 Besom, n. s. [bej-m, bej-ma, Sa.x.] An 
 instrument to sweep with. 
 
 Bacon commended an old man that sold besoms: 
 a proud young fellow came to him for a tesom upon 
 trust ; the old man said. Borrow of thy back and 
 belly, they will never ask thee again ; I shall dun 
 tliee every day. Bacnn. 
 
 I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, 
 saith tlie lord of hosts. Isaiah, xiv. _22. 
 
 To Beso'rt. v. a. [from sort.] To suit ; 
 to fit ; to become. 
 
 Such men as may 6cwrt your age. 
 And knov\- themselves and you. Shakesp. 
 
 Beso KT. n. s. [from the verb.] Compa- 
 ny ; attendance ; train. 
 
 I crave fit disposition for my wife, 
 With such accommodation and besort, 
 As levels with her breeding. Shakesp. 
 
 To Beso't. v. a. [from sot.] 
 
 1 , To infatuate ; to stupify ; to dull ; to 
 take away the senses. 
 
 Swinish gluttony 
 Ne'er looks to heav'n amidst his gorgeous feast. 
 But, with besMted base ingratitude. 
 Crams, and blasphemes his feeder. MUton. 
 
 Or fools />f.s.i((frf with their crimes. 
 That know not how to shift betimes. HiMras. 
 
 He is besotted, and has lost his reason ; and w hat 
 then can there be for religion to take hold of him 
 by ? *""'• 
 
 2. To make to doat, with on. Not much 
 used. 
 
 Paris, you speak 
 Like one besotted on your sweet delights. Shakesp. 
 
 Trust not thy beauty ; but restore the prize 
 Which he besotted ore that face and eyes, 
 Would rend from us. Vryden. 
 
 Beso'ughT. [preterite and part, passive 
 ot beseech ; which see.] 
 
 Hasten to appease 
 Til' incensed Father, and lb' incensed Son, 
 While pardon may be found in Ume besought. 
 
 '^ MUton. 
 
 To Bespa'ngle. v. a. [from spangle.] 
 
 To adorn with spangles; to besprinkle 
 
 with something shining. 
 
 INot Berenice's locks first rose so bright. 
 The heav'ns bespangling with dishevell d light. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Bespatter, v. a. [from spatter.] 
 1. To soil by throwing filth ; to spot or 
 sprinkle with dirt or water. 
 
 Those who will not take vice into their bosoms, 
 shall vet have it bespatter thek faces. 
 
 Government of thelonguc. 
 
 B E S 
 
 His weapons are the same which women and 
 children use ; a pin to scratch, and a squirt to lie- 
 sjiaUer. ^"'J'- 
 
 2. To asperse with reproach. 
 
 Fair Britain, in the monarch blest 
 Whom nev . r facti.m could bespatter. Swift. 
 
 To B ESP AWL. I', h. [from spawL] To 
 
 dawb with spittle. 
 To Respe'ak. v. a. bespoke, or bespoke ; 
 
 I have bapoke, or bcspokcii. [from speak.] 
 
 1. To order, or entreat any thing before- 
 hand, or against a future time. 
 
 If you will marry, make your love to rae ; 
 Wv fady is bespoke. . . Shakesp. 
 
 Here is the cap your worship did bespeak. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 When Baboon came to Strutt's estate, his trades- 
 men waited upon him to bespeak his custom. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 A heavy writer was to be encouraged, and ac- 
 cordiiifflv many thousand copies viere bespoke. 
 
 "•' Sicifl. 
 
 2. To make way by a previous apology. 
 My preface looks as if I were afraid of my 
 
 reader, by so tedious a besiieaking of him. Uri/rf. 
 3 To forebode ; to tell something before- 
 hand. 
 
 They started fears, bespoke dangers, and formed 
 ominous prognosticks, in order to scare the allies. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 4. To speak to ; to address. This sense 
 is chiefly poetical. 
 
 With hearty words her knight she 'gan to cheer. 
 And, in her modest manner, thus bespoke, 
 Dearknicht. f'">.V Queen. 
 
 At length with indignation thus he broke 
 His awful silence, antfthe powers bespoke.Dryden. 
 
 Tlien staring on her with a ghastly look. 
 And hollow voice, he thus the queen bespoke.Dryd. 
 
 5. To betoken ; to show. 
 \\ hen the abbot of St. Slartin was born, he had 
 
 so little of the figure of a man, that it bespoke him 
 rather a monster. LAicke. 
 
 He has dispatch'd me hence. 
 With orders tliat bespeak a mind compos'd. Addis. 
 
 Bespeaker. n. s. [from bespeak.] He 
 that bespeaks any thing. 
 
 They mean not with love to the bespeaker of the 
 work,'but delight in the work itself. Wotton. 
 
 To Bespe'ckle. v. a. [from speckle] To 
 
 mark with speckles, or spots. 
 To Bespe'w. v. a. [from spew.] To dawb 
 
 with spew or vomit. 
 To Besfi'ce. v. a. [from spice.] To 
 
 season with spices. 
 
 Thou might'st bespice a cup 
 
 To give mine enemy a lasting wink. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bespi't. II. a. I bespat ; or bespit ; I 
 
 have bespit, or bespitten. [from spit.] 
 
 To dawb with spittle. 
 Bespo'ke. [irreg. particip. from bespeak ; 
 
 which see.] 
 To Bespo't. v. a. [from spot.] To mark 
 
 with spots. 
 
 Mildew rests on the wheat, bespoititi' the stalks 
 
 with a ditferent colour from the natural. Mortimer. 
 
 To Bespre'ad. v. a. preter. bespread ; 
 
 part. pass, bespread, [from spread.] To 
 
 spread over ; to cover over. 
 
 His nuptial bed. 
 With curious needles wrought, and painted flow- 
 ers ^esprfad. , , Drpdcn. 
 
 The globe is equally bespread ; so that no place 
 wants proper inhabitants. Derham. 
 
 To Besprinkle, v. a. [&om sprinkle.] 
 To sprinkle over ; to scatter over. 
 
 Herodotus imitating the father poet, wliose life 
 he had written, hath besprinkled his work with 
 many fabulosiUes. •"'■'"""• 
 
 B E S 
 
 A purple flood 
 
 Flows from the trunk, that welters in the blood ! 
 
 Tlie hed bespi-inkles, and bedews the ground. Dryrf. 
 To Bespu'tter. i>. a, [from sptttter.] 
 
 To sputter over something; to dawb 
 
 any thing by sputtering, or throwing 
 
 out spitlle upon it. 
 Best. adj. the superlative from good. 
 
 [ber, be'cepa, betj-r, good, better, best, 
 
 Saxon.] 
 
 1 . Most good ; that which has good quali- 
 ties in the highest degree. 
 
 .■Vud ho will take your fields, even the best of 
 them, and give Ihem to" his servants. 1. Sam. viii. 14. 
 
 When the fcf.rt things are not possible, the best 
 may be made of those that are. Hooker. 
 
 When he is best, he is little more than a man ; 
 and when he is worst he is little better than a 
 beast. . Shakesp. 
 
 I think it a good argument to say, the infinitely 
 wise God hath made^t so, and therefore it is best. 
 But it is too much confidence in our own wisdom, 
 to say, I think it best, and therefore God halb 
 made it so. Locke. 
 
 An evil intention perverts the best actions, and 
 makes them sins. Addison. 
 
 2. The best. The utmost power ; the 
 strongest endeavour ; the most ; the 
 highest perfection. 
 
 I profess not talking : only this. 
 Let each man do his best. Sliakesp. 
 
 The duke did his best to come down. Bacon. 
 He does this to the 6fst of his power. Locke. 
 My friend, said he, our sport is at the best. 
 
 Addlvn. 
 
 3. To make the best. To carry to its greatest 
 perfection ; to improve to the utmost. 
 
 Let there be freedom to carry their commodities 
 where they may make the best of them, e.Kcept there 
 be some special cause of caution. Bacnn. 
 
 His father left him an hundred drachmas ; Al- 
 naschar, in order to make the best of it, laid it out 
 in glasses. Addison. 
 
 We set sail and made the best of our way till we 
 were forced, by contrary winds, into St. Remo. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 Best. cdv. [from well.] In the highest 
 degree of goodness. 
 
 He shall dwell in that place which he shall 
 choose, in one of thv gates, where it liketli him 
 jj5(^ " Dciil. xxiii. 16. 
 
 Best, is sometimes used in composition. 
 
 These latter best-be trust spies had some of tliem 
 further instructions, to draw off the best friends 
 and senantsofPerkin, by making remonstrances 
 to them, how weakly his enterprize and hopes 
 were built. . ^'"^"J'- 
 
 Bv this law of loving even our enemies, the 
 christian religion discovers itself to be the most 
 generous and best-7iatured institution that ever waj 
 fn the world. . ^''''"^■ 
 
 To Besta'in. v. a. [from stain.] lo 
 mark with stains ; to spot. 
 
 We will not line his thin bestained cloke 
 Wilh our pure honours. ^ Shakesp 
 
 To Bestead, v. a. Ibested ;lh3Lvebested. 
 
 [from stead.] 
 1. To profit. 
 
 Hence, vain deluding joys! 
 The brood of folly, without father bred ; 
 
 How little you (.fiteacf. 
 Or fill the fixed mind with all your toys ! MtU. 
 •2. To treat ; to accommodate. This should 
 
 rather be bested. 
 
 They shall pass through it hardly bestead, and 
 hungry. J^"'''- 
 
 Be'stial. adj. [from beast.] 
 
 1 . Belonging to a beast, or to the class of 
 
 beasts. 
 His wild disorder'd walk, his haggard eyes. 
 
 Did aU the bestial citizens surpnze. _ '^".y^'a 
 
 no
 
 BES 
 
 2. Having the qualities of beasts ; brutal ; 
 below the dignity of reason or humani- 
 ty ; carnal. 
 
 1 have lost the immortal l'*""*^ ,'">''<''f;. "j'?'^ 
 what remains h hesfml. Shaketp. Othello. 
 
 Moreciver urge his hateful luxury, 
 And bestial appetite, in chan;^e of lust, ihakesp. 
 
 For those, the race of Israel oft forsook 
 Their living strength, and unfrequented lett 
 His righteous altar, bowing lowly down ^^^^ 
 To bestial gods. , „ ' „|' 
 
 The things promised arc not gross and carnal, 
 such as mav court and gratifj- the most /.«(.«( part 
 of u5. " Decaii a) fietn. 
 
 Bestia'lity. n. s. [from bestial.] The 
 quality of beasts; degeneracy from hu- 
 man nature. ,. , . jc 
 
 ^Vhat can be a greater absurdity, than to afhrm 
 bestiatito U> be the essence of humanity, and dark- 
 ness the centre of light ? . ,r ^ c 1 
 Arbuthnol and Poi<e s ilart. Scnb. 
 
 Be'stially. adi>. [from bestial.] Bru- 
 tally ; in a manner below humanity. 
 
 ToBesti'ck. v. a. preter. I bestuck, I 
 have besfuck. [from stick.] To stick 
 over with any thing ; to mark any thing 
 by infixing points or spots here and there. 
 
 Truth shall retire, 
 Bcstnck with sland'rous darts ; and works of faith 
 Rarelv to be found. »""»"■ 
 
 To Besti'R. I', n. [from stir.] 
 
 1. To put into vigorous action. It is sel- 
 dom used otherwise than with the reci- 
 procal pronoun. 
 
 As when men wont to watch 
 On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread, 
 Rouze and bcnirihemxhes ere well awake. JUi/ioi. 
 
 Bfjtirs/ier then, and from each tender stalk 
 Whatever earth, all-bearing mother, yields. 
 She saihers. . JMi"""!- 
 
 But, as a dog that turns the spit 
 Besd'rs/iimsf//', and plies his feet 
 To climb the wheel, but all in vain. 
 His own weight brings him down again. Hiwiiira.<. 
 
 VVhataileth them, that they must needs 6es(tr 
 themselves to get in air, to maintain the creature s 
 life ? _ Bay. 
 
 2. It is used by Shakespeare -with a com- 
 mon word. 
 
 1 am scarce in breath, my lord. — No marvel 
 V Hi have so 6c.(lin-crf your valour, you cowardly 
 Jascal ! Shahetp. 
 
 To BESTO'W. V. a. [besteden, Dutch ] 
 
 1 . To give ; to confer upon : commonly 
 with upon. 
 
 .\\\ men would willingly have yielded him 
 praise ; but his nature was such as to oeslnu' it upon 
 himself, before any could give it. Sid/iey. 
 
 .\ll the dcdicale.l things of the house of the Lord 
 did tlicy bestow upon Baalim. 2 Chronicles, xxiv.T. 
 
 2. Sometimes with to. 
 Sir Julius C'a;sarhad, in his office, the disposition 
 
 ( f the six clerks' places ; which he had bestowed to 
 
 BES 
 
 I could have hestmced her upon a fine gentleman, 
 who extremely admired her. Tatler. 
 
 .5. To give as a present. 
 
 Pure oil and incense on the fire they throw. 
 And fat of victims which his friends bestow. Dryd. 
 
 6. To apply. 
 
 The sea was not the duke of Marlborough s 
 element; otherwise the whole force of the war 
 would infallibly have been bestowed there. Su-ijt. 
 
 7. To lay out upon. 
 And thou shall bestow that money for wliatsoever 
 
 thy soul lustelh after, for oxen, sheep, or for wnie. 
 ■' Deut. xiT. 2t). 
 
 8. To lay up; to stow; to place. 
 
 \nd when he came to the Tower, he took them 
 from their hanri, and bestowed them in the house. 
 2 Ainj<, V. m. 
 
 Besto'wer. n. s. [from beitotv.] Uiver; 
 he that confers any thing ; disposer. 
 
 They all agree in making one supreme God ; 
 and tliat there are several beings that are to be 
 worshii'ped under him ; some as the fcwtoum ot 
 thrones, but subordinate to the Supreme. 
 
 Stdlingfleet. 
 
 Bestra'ught. particip. [Of this parti- 
 ciple I have not found the verb ; by 
 analogy we may derive it from bcstract ; 
 perhaps it is corrupted from distraught.] 
 Distracted ; mad ; out of one's senses ; 
 out of one's wits. 
 
 Ask 5Iarian, the fat alewife, if she knew me 
 not. \\ hat ! I am not bcstraught. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bestrew, i-. a. particip. pass, be- 
 strewed, or bestrotvn. [from strew.] To 
 sprinkle over. 
 
 So thick bestrown, 
 .Object and lost lay these, covering the flood. JVIiVt. 
 
 To Bestri'de. v. a. I bcstrid ; I have 
 bestrid, or bestridden, [from stride.] 
 
 1. To stride over any thing; to have any 
 thing between one's legs. 
 
 Why, man, he doth fifslride the narrow world 
 Like a" colossus. Shakesp. 
 
 aiake liira bestride the ocean, and mankind 
 Ask his consent to use the sea and wind. Waller. 
 
 2. To step over. 
 
 That I see thee here, 
 Thou noble thing '. more dances ray rapt heart, 
 Than when I first ray wedded mistress saw 
 Bestride niv threshofd. Shakesp. 
 
 S. It is often used, in the consequential 
 sense, for to ride on. 
 
 lie bestrides the lazy pacing clouds. 
 And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shakesp. 
 
 That horse, tliat thou so often hast bestrid ; 
 That horse, that I so carefully have dress'd. Shak. 
 
 Venetians do not raore uncouthly ride. 
 Than did their lubber state mankind bestride. 
 
 jyrvden. 
 The hounding steed you pompously bestride 
 Shares with hislord the pleasure and the pride. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. It is used sometimes of a man standing 
 
 su;:h persons as he thought fit 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 3. To give as cliarity or bounty. 
 
 Our Saviour doth plainly witness, that there 
 should not be as much as a cup of cold water be- 
 stowed for his sake, without reward. Hooker. 
 
 .\nd though he was unsatisfied in getting, 
 V\ hith was a sii ; yet in bestowing, madam. 
 He was most princely. Shakesp. 
 
 Spain to your gift'alone her Indies owes ; 
 For what tlie pow'rful takes not, he bestows. Drud. 
 
 Vou always exceed expectations ; as if yours 
 was not your own, but to bestow on wanting merit. 
 
 Un/deti. 
 
 4. To give in marriage. 
 
 Good rev'rend father, make my person yours ; 
 And tell me how you would bestotv yourself. 
 
 Shakesv. 
 
 over something which he defends : the 
 present mode of war has put this sense 
 out of use. 
 
 He bestrid 
 An o'erpress'd Roman, and i' th' consul's view 
 Slew three opposers ; Tarquin's self he met. 
 And struck him on his knees. Shakesp. 
 
 If thou see me down in the battle, and bestride 
 me, so ; 'lis a point of friendship. Shakesp. 
 
 He doth bestride a bleeding land. 
 Gasping for life under great Bolingbroke.S/iatep. 
 
 To Bestu'd. I', a. [from stud.] To adorn 
 with studs, or shining prominences. 
 
 Th' unsought diamonds 
 Would so emblaze the foreliead of tlie deep. 
 And so bestud with stars, that Uiey below 
 Would grow iuur'd to light, ' Milton. 
 
 BE r 
 
 BET. «. s. [peesian to wager ; pes a 
 wager, Sax. from wliicli tlie etymologists 
 derive bet. I should ratlier imagine it to 
 come from beran, to mend, increase, or 
 let, as a bet increases the original wager.] 
 A wager; something laid to be won 
 upon certain conditions. 
 
 The hoary fool, who many days 
 Has struggled with continued sorrow. 
 Renews his hope, and blindly lays 
 The desp'rate bet upon to-morrow. Pner. 
 
 His pride was in piquette, 
 Newmarket fame and judgment at a ii<;(. Pope. 
 
 To Bet. v. a. [from the noun.] To wager; 
 to stake at a wager. 
 
 He drew a good bow. and dead? John of 
 Gaunt loved him well, and betted much uimjii his 
 head. , , , Shakesp. 
 
 He flies the court for want of clothes; 
 Cries out 'gainst cocking, since he cannot bet. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 The god unhappilY engag'd, 
 Complaind, and sigh'd, and cry d, and fretted, 
 Lost every earthly thing he betted. Prwr. 
 
 Bet. The old preterite of beat. 
 
 He staid for a better hour, till the hammer had 
 wrought and bet the party more pliant. Baccn. 
 
 To Betake, v. a. preter. 1 betook ; part, 
 pass, betaken, [from take.] 
 
 1. To Uke ; to seize : an obsolete sense. 
 Then to his hands that writ he did betake, 
 
 \\ Inch he disclosing read. Spenser. 
 
 2. To have recourse to : with the recipro- 
 cal pronoun. 
 
 The adverse party betaking itself to such prac- 
 tices as men embrace, when tliey behold tin iigt 
 brought to desperate extremities. Hoohr. 
 
 Thou tyrant ! 
 Do not repent these tilings ; for they are heavier 
 Than all thy woes can stir : therefore betake thee 
 To nothing but despair. Sliakesp. 
 
 The rest, in imitation, to like arms 
 Betook them, and the neighbouring hills op tore. 
 
 Muton. 
 
 3. To apply : with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 With ease such fond chimeras we pursue, 
 .\s fancv frames for fancy to subdue : 
 But w hen oitrsehes to action we betake. 
 It shuns the mint, like gold that chy mists make. 
 
 Driiden. 
 
 As my observations have been the light where- 
 by I have steered my course, so I betakemvselj to 
 them again. Woodward. 
 
 4. To move ; to remove. 
 Soft she withdrew ; and like a wood nymph 
 
 light. 
 Oread or Drvad, or of Delia's train, 
 Betook her to the groves. MMon. 
 
 They both betook them several ways : 
 Both to destroy. MUton. 
 
 To Bete'em. I'.ff. [from teem.] To bring 
 forth ; to bestow ; to give. 
 
 So would I, said th' enchanter, glad and fain 
 Beteem to you his sword, you to defend ; ^ 
 
 But that ttiis weapon's pow'r I well have kenu d 
 To he contrary to the work that ye intend. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Rain, which 1 could well 
 Beteem them from the tempest of mine eyes. Shak. 
 
 To Bethink, r. a. I bethought ; 1 have 
 bethousht. [from think.] To recal to 
 reflection ; to bring back to consideration, 
 or recollection. It is generally used 
 •witli the reciprocal pronoun, and of 
 before the subject of thought. 
 
 They were sooner in dangei than they could al- 
 most dethink ihcimeties of change. *"'"^."- 
 
 I have fcdftiiiig'itmf ii/' another fault. Shakesp. 
 
 I, better bfl'iiiiJii'i^ mutlj. and misliking his dc- 
 eimiuation, gave him this" order. Haletgh. 
 
 Jj9
 
 BET 
 
 He himself. 
 Insatiable of glory, had lost all : 
 Yet o/'anoliier plea bethought him soon. MUton. 
 The nets were laid, yet tiie birds could never 
 bethink themselves, till hampered and pastrccovery. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 Cherippus, then in time yourself bethink, 
 And what your rags will yield by'auctlon sink. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 A little consideration may allay Iiis heat and 
 
 make him bethink himself, whether this attempt be 
 
 worth the venture. Locke. 
 
 BETHLRHEM. n. s. [See Bedlam.] 
 An hospital for Lunaticks. 
 
 Be'thlehemite. n.s. [See Bedlam- 
 ite.] A lunatick ; an inhabitant of a 
 madhouse. 
 
 Betho'ught. par^ftp. [from bethink; 
 which see.] 
 
 To Bethra'l. v. a. [from thrall.] To 
 enslave ; to conquer ; to bring into sub- 
 jection. 
 
 Ne let that wicked woman 'scape away, 
 Fur she it is that did my lord bcthral. Shahesp. 
 
 To Bethu'mp. I', a. [from thump.] To 
 beat ; to lay blows upon : a ludicrous 
 word. 
 
 I was never so hethumpt witli words, 
 Since first I call'd my brotlicr's fatlier dad. Skak. 
 To 1?eti'de. v. n. pret. // belided, or 
 betid ; part. pass, betid, [from tib, Sax. 
 See Tide.] 
 
 1. To happen to; to befal; to bechance, 
 whether good or bad : with the per- 
 son. 
 
 Said he then to the pahner, reverend sire. 
 What great misfortune liath betid this knight ? 
 
 Spenser, 
 
 But say, if our deliverer up to heav'n 
 IVIust rea'scend, what will betide the few. 
 His faithful, left among tli' unfaithful herd. 
 The enemies of truth ? Miltmi. 
 
 2. Sometimes it has to. 
 
 Neither know I 
 What is betid to Cloten ; but remain 
 I'erplext in all. Shahesp. 
 
 3. To come to pass; to fall out; to hap- 
 pen : without the person. 
 
 She, when her turn was come her tale to tell. 
 Told of a strange adventure that bctided 
 Betwixt the fox, and tli' ape by him misguided. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire 
 With good old folks, and let theni tell tliee tales 
 Of woeful ages long ago betid. ShaUesp. 
 
 Let me hear from thee by letters 
 Of thy success in love ; and what news else 
 Betideth here in absence of thy friend. .Shakesp. 
 
 4. To become ; to be the fate : with of. 
 If he were dead what would betide o/'thce ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Beti'me. \adv. [from bi/ and time; 
 Beti'mes. f that is, by the proper time.] 
 
 1. Seasonably ; early ; before it is late. 
 
 Send succours, lords, and stop the rage betime. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 To measure life learn thou betimes, and know 
 Toward solid good what leads the nearest way. 
 
 MUtim. 
 
 2. Soon ; before long time has passed. 
 
 Whiles they are weak, betimes with them con- 
 tend ; 
 
 For when they once to perfect strength do grew. 
 Strong wars they make. Spenser. 
 
 He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes. 
 
 Shukesfi. 
 
 There he some have an over early ripeness n» 
 tlieir years, which fadeth betimes: these are first, 
 Buch as have brittle wits, the edge whereof is soon 
 turned. Bacon, 
 
 BET 
 
 Remember thy Creator in the days of thy 
 youth ; that is, enter upon a religious course be- 
 times. Tilhtson. 
 
 Short is the date, alas ! of modern rhymes ; 
 And 'tis but just to let them live betimes. Pope. 
 3. Early in the day. 
 
 Ho that drinks all niglit, and is hanged betimes 
 in the morning, may sleep the sounder next day. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They rose betimes in the morniup, and otfered 
 
 sacrifice. i Mucc. iv. 52. 
 
 Be'tle ) n. s. \ piptr adulferhntm.^ An 
 
 Be'tre. j Indian plant, called water 
 
 pepper. Diet. 
 
 To Betoken, v. a. [from token.} 
 
 1. To signify; to mark ; to represent. 
 
 We know not wherefore clnirches should be the 
 worse, if, at this time, when tlicy are delivered 
 into God's own possession, ceremonies fit to 6e(o/cc;( 
 such intents, and to accompany such actions, be 
 usual. Hooker. 
 
 A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow 
 Conspicuous with three listed colours gay. 
 Betokening peace from God. Milton. 
 
 2, To foreshow ; to presignify. 
 
 The kindling azure, and the mountain's brow 
 Illum'd with fluid gold, his near approach 
 Betoken glad. Thomson. 
 
 Be'tony. w. s, [betonica, Lat.] A plant 
 greatly esteemed as a vulnerary herb. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Beto'ok. [irreg, pret, from betake ; 
 which see.] 
 
 To Beto'ss. x\ ff. [from toss.'] To dis- 
 turb ; to agitate ; to put into violent 
 motion. 
 
 What said my man, when my betossed soul 
 Did not attend him as we rode"? Shakesp. 
 
 To BETRAY, v. a. [trahir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To give into the hands of enemies by 
 treacher)% or breach of trust : with to 
 before the person, otherwise into. 
 
 If ye be come to betray me to mine enemies, 
 seeing there is no wrong in my hands, the God 
 of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it. 
 
 1 Chronicles. 
 
 Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be 
 betrayed into the hands of men. Matthew. 
 
 For fear of nothing else but a betraying of the 
 succours which reason ofTereth. Wi.'idom. 
 
 He was not to be won, eitl»er by promise or 
 reward, to betray the city. hnoltes. 
 
 2. To discover that which has been en- 
 trusted to secrecy, 
 
 3. To expose to evil by revealing some- 
 thing entrusted. 
 
 How would'st thou again betray me. 
 Bearing my words and doings to tlie Lord ! Milt. 
 
 l . To make known something that were 
 better concealed. 
 
 Beswift tohear, but be cautious of your tongue, 
 lest you betray your ignorance. Watts. 
 
 5. To make liable to fall into something 
 inconvenient. 
 
 His abilities created him great confidence j and 
 this was like enough to betray him to great errours. 
 
 J(ing Charles. 
 The bright genius is ready to be so forward, as 
 often betrays itself into great errours in judgment. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 6, To show ; to discover. 
 
 Ire, envy, and despair, 
 Which marr'd his borrow'd visage and bctray'd 
 Him counterfeit, if any eve beheld. ]\tiUtm. 
 
 Tlie Veian and the Gaoian tow'rs shall fall, 
 And one promiscuous ruin cover all ; 
 Nor, after length of years, a stone betray 
 The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. 
 
 Betra'yer. n. s. [from bet rat/.] He that 
 betrays ; a traitor. 
 
 BET 
 
 The wise man doth so say of fear, that it is a 
 betrayer of the forces of reasonable understanding. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 You cast down your courage through fear, fne 
 
 betrayer of all succours which reason can afford. 
 
 'j Sir J. Hayward. 
 
 There are only a few betrayers of their country ; 
 
 they are to purchase coin, perliaps at half price, 
 
 ancf vend it among us, to the ruin of the publick. 
 
 Suft. 
 
 To Betri'm. v. a. [from trim.] To deck; 
 to dress ; to grace ; to adorn ; to em- 
 bellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. 
 
 Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. 
 Which spungy April at thy best betriins. 
 To make cold nyjnphs chaste crowns. Shakesp, 
 
 To Betroth, v. a. [from troth; be- 
 troiven, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To contract to any one, in order to 
 marriage ; to affiance : used either of 
 men or women. 
 
 He, in the first flower of my freshest age. 
 Betrothed me inito the only heir 
 Of a most mighty king, most rich and sage. 
 
 Spenser, 
 To her, my lord, 
 Was I betrothed, ere I Flermia saw. Shakesp, 
 
 By soul's public promise she 
 Was sold then, and betrothed to Victory, Cowley, 
 
 2. To have, as affianced by promise of 
 marriage. 
 
 And what man is there tiiat hath betrothed a 
 wife, and hath not taken her ? let him go and re- 
 turn into his house. 'Deuteronomy. 
 
 3. To nominate to a bishoprick, in order 
 
 to consecration. 
 
 If any person be consecrated a bishop to that 
 church, whereunto he was not before betrothed, he 
 shall not receive the habit of consecration, as not 
 being canonically promoted. Ayliffe, 
 
 To IJetru'st. v. a. [from trust.] To 
 entrust ; to put into the power of an- 
 other, in confidence of fidelity. 
 
 Betrust him with all the good which our own 
 capacity will allow us, or his sulliciency encourage 
 us, to hope fur, either in this life, or tliat to come. 
 
 G^-ew, 
 
 Whatsoever yon would betrust to your memory, 
 let it be disposed in a proper method. Watts. 
 
 Be'tter. adj. The comparalive of good. 
 [bet good, berejia better. Sax.] Having 
 good qualities in a greater degree than 
 something else. See Good. 
 
 He has a horse better than the Neapolitan's ; a 
 better bad babit of frowning than the count Pala- 
 tine. Shakesp. Mei-ch.trf' Venice. 
 
 I have seen better faces in my time. 
 Than stand on any shoulders that I see 
 Before me at thismslant. Shakesp. 
 
 Having a desire to depart, and be with Christ ; 
 which is far better. miippians. 
 
 The Be'tter. 
 
 1 . The superiority ; the advantage : with 
 the participle of before him, or that, 
 over which the advantage is gained. 
 
 The Corinthians that morning, as the days 
 before, had the better. Sidney. 
 
 ■I'he voyage of Drake and Hawkins was unfor- 
 tunate ; yet, in such sort, as doth not break our 
 prescription, to have had the better of' the Spaniards. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Dionysius, his countryman, in an epistle to 
 
 Pompey, after an express comparison, affords hira 
 
 the better <i/'Thucydides. _ Broum's Vulg. En: 
 
 *Vou think fit 
 To get the better of me, and you shall ; 
 Since you will have it so— I will be yours. 
 
 Southeme. 
 
 The gentleman had always so much the better of 
 
 the satirist' that the persons touched did not know 
 
 where to fix their resentment. Prior. 
 
 180
 
 BET 
 
 2, Improvement ; as, /(»•>• the better, so as 
 to improve it. 
 
 If I have altered him any where /or the better, I 
 
 must at the same time acknowledge, tliat I could 
 
 Iiave done nothing without him. Viyden. 
 
 Be'tter. adv. [comparative of iveli.] 
 
 Well, in a greater degree. 
 
 Then it was better with mc than now. Ilosea. 
 
 Better a mechanick rule were stretched or bro- 
 ken, than a great beauty were omitted. Dryden. 
 
 Tile 6etterto understand the extent of our know- 
 ledge, one thing is to be observed. Locke. 
 
 He that would know the idea of infinity, cannot 
 do better, than by considering to what inlinity is 
 attributed. Locke. \ 
 
 To Be'tter. v. a. [from the noim.] 
 1. To improve ; to meliorate. 
 
 The cause of his taking upon him our nature, 
 was to better the quality, and to advance tlie con- 
 dition thereof Honker. 
 He is furnislicd with my opinion, which is 
 bettered with his own learning. Shakesp. 
 
 Heir 10 all his lands and goods, 
 Which 1 have better'd, rather than decreas'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But Jonathan, to whom both hearts were known. 
 With well-tim'd zeal, and with an artful care 
 .Restor'd and better d soon the nice aifair. Cowley. 
 The church of England, the purest and best re- 
 formed church in the world j so well reformed, 
 that it will be found easier to alter than better its 
 constitution. Smith. 
 
 The Romans took pains to liew out a passage 
 for these lakes to discharge themselves, for tTie 
 bettering of the air. Addiso/i. 
 
 2. To surpass ; to exceed. 
 
 The works of nature do always aim at that which 
 cannot be bettered. Hooker. 
 
 He hath borne himself beyond the promise of 
 his age ; he hath, indeed, better &e«eret/ expecta- 
 tion, than you must expect of me to tell you. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 What you do 
 Still betters what is done ; when you speak sweet, 
 I'd have you do it ever. Sliakesp. 
 
 S. To advance; to support. 
 
 ^ The king thought his honour would suffer, du- 
 ring a treaty, to better a party. Bacon. 
 Be'tter. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 Superiour ; one to whom precedence is 
 to be given. 
 
 Their betters would be hardly found, if they did 
 not live among men, but in a wilderness by them- 
 selves. _ 'Hooker. 
 The courtsey of nations allows you my better, 
 in that you are the first born. Shakesp. 
 
 That ye thus hospitably live, 
 Is mightv grateful to your betters. 
 And makes e'en gods themselves your deblors. 
 ^ , Prior. 
 
 I have some gold and silver by roe, and shall be 
 able to make a shift, when many of my betters are 
 "arving. Suift. 
 
 Be'ttor. n. s. [from To bd.] One that 
 lays bets or wagers. 
 
 I observed a stranger among them of a genteeler 
 behaviour than ordniary ; but, notwithtsanding 
 he was a very fair bettor, nobody would take him 
 "P- Addison. 
 
 BETTy. n. s. [probably a cant word, 
 signifying an instrument which does what 
 is too often done by a maid within.] An 
 instrument to break open doors. 
 
 Record the stratagems, the arduous exploits, 
 
 and the nocturnal scalades of needy heroes, de- 
 
 scribmg the powerful betty, or the artful picklock. 
 
 _ , Arbnthnot. 
 
 Between, prep, [bet^eonan, betpman, 
 Saxon ; from the original word tpa, 
 twc] 
 
 1. In the intermediate space. 
 
 What modes 
 Of smeJl the headlong lioness between. 
 And hound sagacious on tlie tainted greeu' Pope. 
 
 BEV 
 
 From one to another : noting inter- 
 course. 
 
 He should think himself unhapp 
 
 BEW 
 
 if thin 
 
 should go so between them, as he should not tje 
 able to acquit himself of ingratitude towards them 
 both. Bacon. 
 
 3. Belonging to two in partnership. 
 I ask, whether Castor and Pollux, with only 
 
 one soul between them, which thinks and perceive's 
 in one what the other is never conscious of, are 
 not two distinct persons. 
 
 4. Bearing relation to two. 
 If there be any discord or suits bttween them 
 
 I anil any of the family, they are compounded and 
 
 I appeased. Bacon. 
 
 Friendship requires, that it be between two at 
 
 least ; and tliere can be no friendship where there 
 
 are not two friends. South. 
 
 5. Noting difference, or distinction of 
 one from the other. 
 
 Their natural constitutions put so wide a diffe- 
 rence between some men, that art would never 
 master. Locke. 
 
 Children quickly distinguish between what is 
 required of them, and what not. Locke. 
 
 6. Between is properly used of two, and 
 among of more ; but perhaps this accu- 
 racy is not always preserved. 
 
 Betwi'xt. prep. [berpyx, Saxon. It 
 has the same signification with between, 
 and is indifferently used for it.] 
 I. In the midst of two. 
 
 Hard by, a cottage chimney smokes 
 From hetwi\t two aged oaks. Milton. 
 
 Methinks, like two black storms, oneither hand, 
 Our Spanish army and your Indians stand ; 
 This oidy place betwixt the clouds is clear. Dryd. 
 
 If contradicting interests could be mixt. 
 Nature herself has cast a bar betwixt. Dryden. 
 2. From one to another. 
 
 Five years since there was some speech of mar- 
 riage 
 Betwixt myself and her. Shakesp. 
 
 Be'vel, ) n. *. In masonry and joinery, 
 Be'vil. J a kind of square, one leg of 
 which is frequently crooked, according 
 to the sweep of an arch or vault. It is 
 moveable on a point or centre, and so 
 may be set to any angle. An angle that 
 is not square, is called a bevil angle, 
 whether it be more obtuse, or more acute, 
 than a right angle. Build Diet. 
 
 Their houses are very ill built, their walls bcvil, 
 without one right angle in any apartment. Swift. 
 
 To Be'vel. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cut to a bevel angle. 
 
 These rabbets are ground square ; but the rab- 
 bets on the groundsel are bevelled downwards that 
 rain may the fre* Her fall off. Moion. 
 
 Be'ver. See Beaver. 
 BE'vERAGE.7i..?.[fromJ'erfr(',todrink,Ital.] 
 
 1. Drink ; liquor to be drank in general. 
 
 I am liis cupbearer j 
 If from me he have wholesome beverage. 
 Account me not your servant. Shakcsj). 
 
 Grains, pulses, and all sorts of fruits, either 
 bread or beverage may be made almost of all. 
 
 Browns Vutg. Eit. 
 
 A pleasant beverage he prepar'd before 
 Of wMie and honey mix'd. 2)njden. 
 
 The coarse lean grave! on the mountain sides 
 Scarce dewy bcvWage for the bees provides. Dryd. 
 
 2. Beverage, or water cyder, is made by 
 putting the mure into a fitt, adding 
 water, as you desire it stronger or smal- 
 ler. The water should stand forty-eight 
 hours on it, before you press it ; wlien 
 it is pressed turn it up immediately. 
 
 Mo7-timer. 
 
 3. A treat upon wearing a new suit of 
 
 clothes. 
 
 4. A treat at first coming into a prison, 
 called also garnish. 
 
 Be'vy. n. s. [beva, Ital.] 
 
 1 . A flock of birds. 
 
 2. A company ; an assembly. 
 And in the midst thereof, upon the floor, 
 
 A lovely bevy of fair ladies sat. 
 
 Courted of many a jolly paramour. Fairy Q. 
 
 They on the plain 
 I^ng liad not walk'd, when, from the tents,behold 
 A bevy of fair women. Milton. 
 
 Nor rode the nymph alone ; 
 Around a bevy of bright damsels shone. Pope. 
 
 To Bewa'il. v. a. [(rom wail.] To be- 
 moan ; to lament ; to express sorrow 
 for. 
 
 In this city he 
 Hath widow'd and unchilded many a one. 
 Which to this hour bewail the injury. Sliakesu 
 
 Yet wiser Ennius gave command to all 
 His friends, not to bewail his funeral. 
 
 Sir John Denham. 
 
 I cannot but bewail, as in their first principles, 
 
 the miseries and calamities of our children. Addis. 
 
 To Bewa'il. v. n. To express grief. 
 
 Thy ambitiipn. 
 Thou scarlet sin, robb'd this bewailing ]and 
 Of noble Buckingham, my father-in-law. Shak. 
 
 To Eewa're. r. n. [from be and ware, 
 or wari/ ; that is, cautious : thus, in an 
 old treatise, I have found be ye ware. 
 See Wary. Eejiapian, Saxon ; tcarcr, 
 Danish.] 
 
 1. To regard with caution ; to be suspi- 
 cious of danger from ; generally the 
 particle of goes before the thing which 
 excites caution. 
 
 You must beware of drawing or painting clouds, 
 winds, and thunder, towards the bottom of your 
 piece. Dryden. 
 
 Every one ought to be very careful to beware 
 what he admits for a principle. Locke. 
 
 Warn'd by the sylph, oh pious maid, beware .- 
 This to discfose is all tiiv guardian can ; 
 Beware o^all, but most "beware (>/'man. Pope. 
 
 2. It is observable, that it is only used in 
 such forms of speech as admit the word 
 he: thus we say, hemai/betvare, let him 
 beware, he ivill beware ; but not, he did 
 beware, or he has been ware. 
 
 To Bewe'ep. v. a. [from iveep.] To 
 weep over or upon ; to bedew with 
 tears. 
 
 Old fond eyes, 
 Beweep this cause again ; I'll pluck ye out, 
 And cast you, with the waters tliatyou lose, 
 To temper clay. Shakesp, 
 
 Larded all with sweet flowers, 
 '\^ Inch bewept to the grave did go 
 ^Vilh true love showers. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bewe't. t'. a. [from wet.] To wet; 
 to moisten ; to bedew ; to water. 
 
 His napkin, w'ith his true tears all bewet, 
 Can do no service on his sorrowful cheeks. 
 
 Shakespeare^ s Tit. And. 
 
 To Bewi'lder. t'. a. [from wild.] To 
 lose in pathless places ; to confound for 
 want of a plain road ; to perples ; to 
 entangle ; to puzzle. 
 
 ^Ve parted thus ; 1 homeward sped my way. 
 Bewilder' d in the wood till dawn of day. Dryden. 
 
 We no solution of our question find ; 
 Your words bewilder, not direct the mind. 
 
 Btackmore. 
 Our understanding traces *em in vain. 
 Lost and bewilder'd in the fruitless se.ircb. Addij, 
 
 181
 
 BEY 
 
 Itiseood sometimes to lose and oeu-iWfi- our- 
 selves iii such studies. " ""*• 
 
 To Bewitch, v. a. [from wilch.\ 
 
 1. To injure by witchcraft, or fascination, 
 
 or charms. 
 
 Look liow I am hcwitch'd ; behold, mine arm 
 Is like a blasted sapling wither'd up. Shakesp. 
 
 I have foresworn his company hourly this twen- 
 ty years, and yet I am bewitched with the rogue's 
 company. If the rascal has not given me medi- 
 cines to make me love him, I'll be hanged ! Sliak. 
 
 Wy flocks are free from love, yet look so ymi ; 
 What magick has hcwitch'd the woolly dams, 
 And what ill eves beheld the tender lambs ?Dryd. 
 
 2. To charm ; to please to such a degree, 
 as to take away the power of resistance. 
 
 Doth even beauty bciutify, 
 And most bewitch the wretched eye. Sidney. 
 
 The charms of poetry our souls beii-itch ; 
 The curse of writing is" an endless itch. Dryden. 
 
 I do not know, by the character tliat is given 
 of her works, whether it is not for the benclit of 
 mankind that they were lost ; they were tilled 
 ■with such bnritchitig tenderness and rapture, thai 
 it luiglit have been dangerous to have given iheui 
 a reading. Adduwn 
 
 Bewitchery. n. s. [from bewitch.] 
 Fascination ; charm ; resistless preva- 
 lence. 
 
 There is a certain ben-ltcherii, or fascination, in 
 words, which makes them operate with a h.rce 
 beyond what we can give an account of. South. 
 
 Bewitchment, n.s. [(rom bewilc/i.] 
 Fascination ; power of charming. 
 
 I will counterfeit the fceu-ifcfimciil of some po 
 pular man, and give it bountifully to the rtesirers. 
 ' Shakesp. 
 
 To BE WRA'Y. v. a. [pnegan, beppejan, 
 Saxon.] 
 
 1. To betray, to discover perfitliously. 
 
 fair feeling words he wisely 'gan display. 
 And, for her humour fitting purpose, fain 
 To tempt the cause itself tor to bewray. Fairy Q. 
 
 2. To show ; to make visible : this word 
 is now little in use. 
 
 She saw a pretty blush in Pbilodea's cheeks 
 ()CUTaK a modest discontentment. Sidney. 
 
 Men do sometimes bem-ay that by deeds, which 
 to confess they are hardly drawn. Hooker. 
 
 Next look on )iim that seems for counsel hi 
 \\ hose silver locks bewray his store of days.fai.y. 
 
 Bewra'yer. n.s. [h-om bewrui/.] Be- 
 trayer ; discoverer ; divulger. 
 
 When a friend is turned into an enemy, and a 
 
 bewrayer of secrets, the world is just enoiigh to 
 
 accuse the perlidiousncss of the friend. Addison. 
 
 Beyond, prep, [bejeonb, bejeon&an, 
 
 Saxon.] 
 
 1 . Before ; at a distance not yet reached. 
 What's fame ? a fancv'd life in others breath, 
 
 A thing beifond us, ev'n" before our death : 
 
 Just what you hear, you have. .ro/ie. 
 
 2. On the farther side of. 
 
 Neither is it beyond the sea, that thou sliouldst 
 say, Who shall go' over the sea for us, and bring il 
 unto us ' Deut. xxx. i:!. 
 
 Now we arc on the land, we are but between 
 death and life ; for we are beyond the old world 
 and the new. Bacon. 
 
 We cannot think men beyond the sea will part 
 with their money for nothing. Locke. 
 
 S. Farther onward than. 
 
 He that sees a dark and shady groTe, 
 Slavs not, but looks beyond it o'n the sky. Herbert. 
 
 4. Past ; out of the reach of. 
 
 Bemnd the inlinite and boundless reach 
 Of mercy, if thoudidst this deed of death. 
 Art thoii damn'd, Hubert. Shakexji. 
 
 Yet these declare 
 'ihy goodness beyond thought, and pow'r divine. 
 
 MiUou. 
 
 B I A 
 
 The just, wise, and good God neither does nor 
 can require of man any tiling that is impossible, 
 or naturally 'ifi/i""' his power to do. South. 
 
 Conside'r the situation of our earth ; it is placed 
 so conveniently, that plants flourish, and animals 
 live: this is matter of fact, and beyond all dispute. 
 
 lienttey. 
 
 5. Above ; proceeding to a greater degree 
 
 than 
 
 Timotlieus was a man both in power, riches, 
 parentage, goodness, and love of his people, beyond 
 any of the great men of my country. _ Sidney. 
 
 One thing, in this enormous accident, is, I must 
 confess, to me beyond all wonder. Wotton. 
 
 To his ex ponces, beyond his income, add de- 
 bauchery, idleness, and quarrels amongst his ser- 
 vants, w'hereby his manufactures are disturbed, 
 and his business neglected. Locke. 
 
 As far as they carry conviction to any man s 
 
 understanding, my labour may be of use : beyond 
 
 the evidence it carries witli it.'I adrise hiin not to 
 
 follow any mail's interpretation. Locke. 
 
 G. Above in excellence. 
 
 His satires are incomparably beyond Juvenal's, 
 if to laugh and rally is to be preferred to railing 
 and declaiming. _ _ Dryden. 
 
 7. Remote from ; not within the sphere of. 
 
 With equal mind, what happens, let us bear ; 
 Nor joy, nor grieve, too much for things ici/ond 
 our care. Dryden's Fab. 
 
 8. To go beyond, is to deceive ; to cir- 
 cumvent. 
 
 She made earnest benefit of his jest, forcing 
 him to do her such services, as were both cum- 
 bersome and costly ; while he still thought he 
 uent beyond her, because liis heart did not com- 
 mit the idolatry. Sidney. 
 
 That no man go beyond, and defraud his brother 
 in any matter. 1 ^™- '"• 6. 
 
 Bezel, »w.«. That part of a ring in 
 
 Be'zil. f which the stone is fixed. 
 
 BE'ZOAR. n. s. [from pa against, and 
 zakar poison, Persick.] A stone for- 
 merly in higli esteem as an antidote, and 
 brought from the East Indies, where it 
 is said to be found in the dung of an 
 animal called pazan ; the stone being 
 formed in its belly, and growing to the 
 size of an acorn, and sometimes to that 
 of a pigeon's egg. Its formation is now 
 supposed to be fabulous. The name is 
 applied to several chymical compositions, 
 designed for antidotes ; as mineral, ?oIar, 
 and jovial bezoars. Savury. Chambers. 
 
 Bezoa'rdick. adj. [from hezoar.'] Me- 
 dicines compounded withtKoar. 
 
 The hezoardicks are necessary to promote sweat, 
 and drive forth the putriticd p'articles. Flayer. 
 
 Bi a'ngulated, i adj. [from bimis and 
 
 BiAMGULOL'S. j angulus, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing two corners or angles. Diet. 
 
 BIAS. n. s. [biais, Fr. said to come 
 from bihay. an old Gaulish word, sig- 
 nifj ing cross or thtvart. 
 
 I. The weight lodged on one side of a 
 ■ which turns it from the straight 
 
 bowl, 
 line. 
 
 Madam, we'll plav at ho»I 
 
 'Twill make me think the world is full of rubs. 
 
 And that my fortune runs against the ('ins, Shak 
 2. Any thing whicli turns a man to a par 
 ticul'ar course, or gives the direction to 
 his measures. 
 
 You have been mistook : 
 But nattire to her bias drew in that. Shakesp. 
 
 This is that boasted 6ias of thy mind, 
 By which one way to duhiess 'tis inclin'd. Uryd. 
 
 "Mortality inlluences men's lives, and gives a 
 Has to all tlieir actions. Locke. 
 
 B I B 
 
 Wit and humour, thai expose vice and folly 
 furnish useful diversions. Railery, under such re 
 gulations unbends the mind from severer conlem 
 plations, without throwing it ot>" from its prone' 
 bias. Addison s Freelioldtr. 
 
 Thus nature gives us, let il check our pride, 
 The virtue nearest to our vice ally 'd ; 
 Reason the bias turns to good or ill. Pope. 
 
 3. Propension ; inclination. 
 
 As for the religion of our poet, he seems to have 
 some little bias towards the opinions of Wicklitf. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Bi'as. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 incline to some side ; to balance one 
 way ; to prejudice. 
 
 Were I in no more danger to be misled by ig- 
 norance, than I am to be biassed by interest . 1 
 might give a very perfect account. LocKe. 
 
 A desire leaning to cither side, biasses the judg- 
 ment strangely ; by indift'erence for every thing 
 hut truth, you will'be excited to examine. Il'utfs. 
 
 Bi'as. adv. It seems to be used adver- 
 bially ill the following passage, con 
 formably to the French meflre une chose 
 de biais, to give any thing a wrong in- 
 terpretation. 
 
 Every action that hath gone before. 
 Whereof we have record, trial did draw 
 Bias and thwart, not answering the aim. 
 
 Shakesjteare's Troilits and Cressida. 
 In the following passage it seems to 
 be an adjective. Swelled, as the bowl 
 on the biassed side. This is not used. 
 
 Blow till thy bias cheek 
 Outswell the cholicof puft Atpiilon. 
 
 Shakesitcare'slroilus and Cressido. 
 Bib. n. s. A small piece of linen put 
 upon the breasts of children over their 
 clothes. 
 
 I would fain know, why it should not be as 
 noble a task to write upon a bib and hanging- 
 sleeves, as on the buUo and praicxta. Addi.wn. 
 To BlE. V. n. [bibo Lat.] To tipple ; 
 to sip ; to drink frequently. 
 
 He playeth with bibbing mother Weroe as 
 though so"nanied because slie woiild drink mcie 
 wine without water. Camden. 
 
 To appease a froward child, they gave l.im 
 drink as often as he cried ; so that lie was con- 
 stantly bibbing, and drank more in twenty-four 
 hours'thanldid. Locl:e. 
 
 Bib'acious. adj. [bibax, Lat.] Ad- 
 dicted to drinking. Dicf. 
 
 Bib'acity. 7!.«. [bibacitas, Lat.] The 
 quality of drinking much. 
 
 Bi'bber. n. s. [from To bib.] A tippler; 
 a man that drinks often. 
 
 Bi'ble. n. s. [from ^i£aio» a book ; called 
 by way of excellence. The Book.] The 
 sacred volume in which are contained 
 the revelations of God. 
 
 If we pass from tlie aposb.lick to the next ages 
 of the church, the primitive christians looked on 
 their bibles as their most imporlant treasure. 
 
 Gom-nment of the Tongue. 
 We must take heed how we accustom ourselves 
 to a slight and irreverent use of the name of God, 
 and of the phrases and cxoressions of the holy 
 bible, which ought not to bi applied upoii every 
 slight occasion. ^ ItlMson. 
 
 In questions of natural religion we should con- 
 finn and improve, or connect our reasonings by 
 the divine assistance of the bible. W atti. 
 
 Bibliographer, n.s. [from ^lC^o^, 
 and y^<t(pu to write.] A man skilled in 
 literary history, and in the knowledge 
 of books J a transcriber. Diet 
 
 Bibliothe'cal. adj. [from bibliotheca 
 Lat.] Belonging to a library. Diet. 
 
 182
 
 BID 
 
 Bi'BfLous. adj. [bibulus, Lat.] That 
 which has the quality of drinking mois- 
 ture ; spungy. 
 
 Strow'd bibnhnti above, I sfe the sands. 
 The pebbly gravel next, and guUer'd roclfs. 
 
 Thominn. 
 
 Bica'psllar. adj. [bicapsularis, Lat.] 
 Having the seed vessel divided into 
 two parts. 
 
 Bice. n. s. Tlie name of a colour used 
 
 in painting. It is either green or blue. 
 
 Take green bice, and ortler it as yuu do your 
 
 })liie bict ; you may diaper upuu it with ttic water 
 
 of deep green. Pcachiim. 
 
 Bicipital, 1 adj. [biceps, bicipilis, 
 Hici'piTous. J Lat.] 
 
 1. Having two heads. 
 
 W'liile men believe bicipitniis conformation in 
 any species, they admit a gemination of priiicijjal 
 j)a'rts. Brotvn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 2. It is applied to one of the muscles of 
 the arm. 
 
 A piece of flesh it exchanged from the bicipital 
 muscle of either party's arm. Browiis Vutg. Err. 
 
 To BICKER. V. n. [bicre, Welsh, a 
 contest.] 
 
 1. To skirmish; to fight without a set 
 battle ; to fight off and on. 
 
 They fell to sucii a bickering, that he got a halt- 
 iiig, and lost his picture. Sidney. 
 
 In thy face 
 
 I see thy fury ; if 1 lunger stay, 
 Wk shall begin our ancient bickerings. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To quiver, to play backward and 
 forward. 
 
 .And from about him fierce effusion rowl'd 
 Of smoke, and bickering flame, aJid sparkles dire. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 An icy gale oft shifting o'er the pool, 
 Breathes a blue film, and, in its mid career. 
 Arrests the bickering stream. Tltojnspn. 
 
 Bi'cKERER. n. s. ffrom the verb.] A 
 
 skirmisher. 
 Bi'cKERN. fi.s. [apparently corrupted 
 
 from beakiron.] An iron ending in a 
 
 point. 
 .■V blacksmith's anvil is sometimes made with a 
 
 pike, or bickern, or beakiron, at one end. iLiion. 
 
 Bic'oRNE. \adj. [i/cornis, Lat.] Hav- 
 Blc'oRNOUS. \ ing two horns. 
 
 We should be too critical, to question the letter 
 Y, nr 6ict)r;(()ii5 element of Pythagoras ; that is, the 
 njaking of the horns equal. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Bico'rporal. adj. [bicorpor, Lat.] 
 
 having two bodies. 
 To HID. V. a. pret. I bid, bad, bade, I 
 
 have bid, or bidden, [bio&an, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To desire ; to ask ; to call ; to invite. 
 I am bid forth to supper, Jessica ; 
 
 There are ray keys. Skuk. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 Go ve into the highways, and, as many as you 
 shall find, bid to the marr'iage. Matt. xxii. 9. 
 
 We ought, when we are bidden to great feasts 
 ftud meetmgs, to be prepared beforehand. Hakw. 
 
 2. To command ; to order : before things 
 or persons. 
 
 Saint Withold footed thrice the wold, 
 He met tlie nightmare, and her nine fold, 
 Bid her alight, and her troth plight. Shakesp. 
 
 He chid the sisters, 
 U hen first they put tbe name of king upon me, 
 And bade them speak to him. Shakesp. 
 
 Haste to the house of sleep, and bid tht god. 
 Who rules tlie nightly visions with a nod, 
 Pre|>arca dnara. ' Dryden's Fables. 
 
 Curse on the tongue that bids this general joy. 
 —Can they be friends of Antonv, who revel 
 When .Antony's in danger ? i^ryj. All for Love. 
 
 Thames heard the numbers, as he ttow"'d along. 
 And bade his « illuws learn the moving song. Po/'C. 
 
 BID 
 
 Acquire aeovemmentovcr your ideas, that they 
 may cume when they arc called, and depart v,U''t 
 they are b'uidfn. Watts 
 
 3. To offer ; to propose ; as, to bid a 
 price. 
 
 Corae, and be true.-^^ 
 — Tliou h'uht me to my loss ; for true to thee 
 Were to prove false. Shakesp. C^mbelinf 
 
 Wlien a man Is resolute to keep liis sins while 
 he lives, and yet unwilling to relinquiith all hope, 
 he will embrace that profession which bids fairest 
 to the reconciling those so distant interests. 
 
 Decay oj Piety. 
 
 As when the goddesses came down of old, 
 WiihgiftsthcirvoungDardanian judge they try 'd, 
 And each bade high to win him to tlieir sirfe. 
 
 GriincHte. 
 
 To give interest a share in friendship, is to sell 
 it by inch of candle ; he that bids most shall liavu 
 it : and when it is mercenary, there is no depend- 
 ing on it. Collier on Friendthip. 
 
 4. To jn-oclaim; to offer; or to make 
 known by some public voice. 
 
 Our bans thrice bid ! and for our wedding day 
 My kerchief bought! then press'd, then forr'd 
 uwav- Gttu- 
 
 5. To pronounce ; to declare. 
 
 You are retir'd, 
 As if you were a feasted one, and not 
 The h'ostess of the meeting; pray you bid 
 These unknown friends to 's welcome. Shahesp. 
 
 Divers, as we passed by them, put their arm5 a 
 little abroad ; winch is their gesture, when they 
 bid any welcome. Bacon. 
 
 How, Didius, shall a Roman, sore repuls'd. 
 Greet your arrival to this distant isle ? 
 How bid you welcome to these shatter'd legions r 
 
 A. Phitips. 
 
 6. To denounce. 
 Thyself and Oxford, with five thousand men, 
 
 Shallcross the seas, and bid false Edward battle. 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 She bid war to all that durst supply 
 The place of those her cruelty macie die. IValUr. 
 The captive cannibal, ocprest with chains, 
 Yet braves his foes, reviles, provokes, disdains; 
 Of nature fierce, uutameable, and proud, 
 He bids defiance to the gapins crowd. 
 And, spent at last and speechless as he lies, 
 With fiery glances mocks their rage, and dies. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 7. To pray. See Bead. 
 
 If there come any unto^ou, and bring not this 
 doctrine, receive him not uito your houses neither 
 bid him God speed. John. 
 
 When Ihey desired him to tarry longer with 
 them, he consented not, but bade Hiem farewel. 
 
 Acts, xviii. 21. 
 
 8. To bid beads, is to distinguish each 
 bead by a prayer. 
 
 By some haycock, or some shady thorn. 
 He bids liis beads both evensong and morn. Dryd. 
 
 Bi'dale. U.S. [from />/«/ and fl/p.] An 
 invitation of friends to drink at a poor 
 man*3 house, and there to contribute 
 charity. Diet. 
 
 Bi'dden. part, pass, [from To bid.] 
 
 1, Invited. 
 There were two of our company bidden to a feast 
 
 of the family. Bacon. 
 
 Madam, the bidden guests are come. A. Philips. 
 
 2. Commanded. 
 'Tis these that earl}' taint the female soul. 
 
 Instruct the eyes of young coauettes to roll. 
 Teach infants cheeks a bidden blush to k»ow» 
 And little hearts to flutter at a beau. 
 
 Papers Rape of the Livk. 
 
 Bidder, n.s, [from To bid.] One who 
 offers or proposes a price. 
 
 lie looked upon several dresseswhichhung there, 
 exposed to the purchase of the best bidder. Addis. 
 Bi'dding. n. *. [from bid,] Command; 
 order. 
 
 How say*st thou, that Macduff denies his person 
 At our great bidding ? Shakesp. Macb£lh. 
 
 BIF 
 
 At his second bidding, darkness fled, 
 TJght shone, and order from disorder sprung. Affft. 
 To BIDE. V. a. [biean, Saxon.) 'lo en- 
 dure ; to suffer : commonly to abide. 
 
 Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are. 
 That hide the [telling of this pitiless storm ! Sttak. 
 
 'i'lic warv liutch this gatlieriiig storm foresaw, 
 .Vnd durst not hide it on the Engfish coast. ifryiicn. 
 
 To Hide. v. n. 
 
 1. To dwell ; to live ; to inhabit. 
 
 All knees to thee shiill bow, of thenj that bide 
 In heav'u or eartli, or under earlli in hell. MiU, 
 
 2. To remain in a place. 
 
 Safe in a ditch he bidet. 
 With twenty trenched gashes on his head, 
 The least a death to nature. Shakejp. Ma4i>€th. 
 
 3. To continue in a state. 
 
 .\nd they also, if they bide not still in nnbelief, 
 shall be grafted in. Romans, xi. S!3. 
 
 1. It has prob^tbly all the significations of 
 the word abide ; whicli see : but it 
 being grown somewhat obsolete, tlie 
 examples of its various meanings are 
 not easily found. 
 
 Bide'ntal. udj. [bidens, Lat.] Having 
 two teeth. 
 
 Ill management of forks is not to be helped, 
 when tiley are only hidental. Suijt. 
 
 Biding, n. s. [i'rom bide.'] Residence; 
 habitation. 
 
 .\t Antwerp has my constant hiding been-Rotre. 
 
 Bie'nnial. adj. [biennis, Lat.] Of the 
 continuance of two years. 
 
 Then why should some be very long lived, others 
 only annual or biennial ? Hay on the Creation. 
 
 BiElt. U.S. [i'rom To bear, as feretrum, 
 in Latin, from fero.] A carriage, or 
 frame of wood, on which the dead are 
 carried to the grave. 
 
 And now the prey of fowls he lies. 
 Nor wail'd of friends, nor laid on groaning bier. 
 
 Spemer, 
 
 They bore him barefaced on the bier. 
 And on his grave rain'd many a tear. Shakesp. 
 
 He must not float upon his" wat'ry tier 
 Unwept. Milton. 
 
 Griefs alwavs green, a household still in tears ; 
 Sad ])omps, a'threshold throng'd with daily 6!>rs, 
 And liveries of black. Dryden's fue^nal. 
 
 Make as if you hanged yourself, they will con- 
 vey your body out of prison in a bier. 
 
 ArbuthnoCs John Bull. 
 
 Bi'estings. n. s. [byj-rmj, Saxon.] The 
 first milk given by a cow after calving, 
 which is very thick. 
 
 And tw ice besides, her hiestingt never fail 
 To store the dairy with a brimming pail. Oryden. 
 
 Bifa'rious. adj. [bifarius, Lat.] Two- 
 fold ; what may be understood two 
 ways. Diet. 
 
 Bi'ferous. adj. [bi/erens, Lat.] Bear- 
 ing fruit twice a year. 
 
 Bifid. Icij- [f'ifidus, Lat. a bo- 
 
 Bi'fidated. 3 tanical term. J Divided 
 into two ; split in two ; opening with 
 a cleft. 
 
 Bifo'ld. adj. [from binus, Lat, and 
 fold.] Twofold ; double. 
 
 If beauty have a soul, this is not she ; 
 If souls gmde vows, if vows are sanctimony. 
 If sanctimony be the gods delight, 
 If there be rule in unity itself, 
 Tliis is not she ; O madness of discourse ! 
 That cause sets up with and against thyself! 
 Bifold authority. Shakesp. Troihis and Cressida. 
 
 Bi'formed. adj. [biformis, Lat.] Com- 
 pounded of two forms, or bodies. 
 
 183
 
 B I G 
 
 Bifu'rcated. adj. [from hinus two, 
 and/i/rrfl a fork, Lat.] Shooting out, 
 by a division, into two heads. 
 
 A small wliite piece, bifurcated, or branching 
 into two, and finely reticulated all uver. U'cixiitan/. 
 
 Bifurca'tion. w. s. [from binus and 
 furca, I^t.] Division into two ; open- 
 ing into two parts. 
 
 The firbt catachreslical and far derived simili- 
 tade, it holds with man; that is, in ahif'urcation, 
 or division of the root into two parts. 
 
 Brow7is Vulgar Errmns. 
 
 BIG. adj. [This word is of uncertain or 
 unknown etyinoloij:y. Jiniins derives it 
 from ^a'KaT(^; Skirmerfvom 6 wg*, which 
 in Danish signifies the belly.] 
 
 1. Having comparative bulk,greater or less. 
 
 A troubled ocean, to a man who sails in it, is, I 
 think, the biggest object thai he can see in motion. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 2. Great in bulk ; large. 
 
 Both in addition and division, either of space or 
 duration, when the idea under consideration be- 
 comes verv big, or very small, its precise bulk be- 
 comes obscure and confused. Locke. 
 
 3. Teeming ; pregnant ; great with young; 
 %vith the particle icith. 
 
 A bear big wiih voung hath seldom been seen. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Lately on yonder swelling bush, 
 Big with many a common rose. 
 
 This early bud began to blush. Waller. 
 
 4. Sometimes with ofj but rarely. 
 
 His gentle lady, 
 Big of this gentleman, our theme, cleceasM 
 As he was born. Shakesp. Cifmbeline. 
 
 5. Full of something ; and desirous, or 
 about, to give it vent. 
 
 The great, th' important day, 
 Big with the fate of Cato and of Rome. Addison. 
 Now big with kuowlcdce of approachmg woes. 
 The prince of augurs, Halithreses, rose. Pope. 
 
 6. Distended ; swoln ; ready to burst ; 
 used often of the effects of passion, as 
 grief, rage. 
 
 Thy heart is big ; get tbee apart, and weep. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 7. Great in air and mien ; proud ; swel- 
 ling ; tumid ; haughty ; surly. 
 
 How else, said he, but with a good bold face. 
 And with big words, and with a stately pace? 
 
 Speiiser. 
 
 To the meaner man, or unknown in tlie court, 
 seem somewhat solemn, coy, 6;^, and dangerous 
 of look, talk, and answer. Ascham. 
 
 If you had look*d big, and spit at him, he'd 
 have run. Shakesp. Tl inter's Tale. 
 
 in his prosperous season, he fell under the re- 
 proach of being a man of big looks, and of a mean 
 and abject spirit. Claroidon. 
 
 • Or does the man i' th* moon look big, 
 Or wear a huger peri.\i;; 
 Than our own native lunaticks ? Hudihras. 
 
 Of governments that once made such a noise, 
 and looked so big in the eyes of mankind, as being 
 founded upon the deej est counsels, and the strong- 
 est force \ nothing remains of them but a name. 
 
 South. 
 
 Tlinu thyself, thus insolent in state, 
 Art but perhaps some country niasibtrate, 
 \\ hose power extends no farther than to speak 
 Big on the bench, and scanty weiglus to break. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 To grant hig Thraso valour, Phormio sense', 
 Should indignation give, at least otlence. Garth, 
 
 8. Great in spirit ; lofty; brave. 
 
 What art thou? have not I 
 An arm as bi^ as thine ? a heart as big ? 
 Thy words, 1 grant, are bigger : for I wear not 
 My dagger in my mouth. Shakesp. Cwnbeline. 
 
 Bi'gamist. n. s. [bigamus, low Lat.] 
 One that has committed bigamy. See 
 Bigamy. 
 
 B I G 
 
 "By the papal canons, a clergyman that has a 
 w ifc, cannot have an ecclesiastical benefice ; raucli 
 less can a bigamist have such a benefice according 
 to that law. AyliJJe. 
 
 Bigamy, n. s. \bigamin, low Latin.] 
 
 1 . The crime of having two wives at once. 
 
 A beautv-waining and distressed widow 
 Seduc'd the pitch and lieiglit of all his thoughts 
 To base declension, and loath'd bigamy. Shakesp. 
 
 Randal determined to connncnce a suit against 
 IMartiu , for bigamy and \x\ce'i,\..ArbuihnotandPope. 
 
 2. [In the canon law.] The marriage of a 
 second wife, or of a widow, or a woman 
 already debauched ; which, in the church 
 of Rome, were considered as bringing a 
 man under some incapacities for ecclesi- 
 astical offices. 
 
 Bigee'llied. adj. [from ft/o- and ftf//y.] 
 Pregnant; with child; gi-eat with young. 
 
 \Vhen we have laugh'd to see the sails conceive, 
 And grow highellied with the wanton wind. Shuk. 
 
 Children and /*(^/>e//ic(i women require antidotes 
 somewhat more grateful to the palate. Harvey. 
 
 So many well-shaped innocent virguis are 
 blocked up, and waddle up and down like highel- 
 lied women. Addison. 
 
 We pursued our marcli, to the terror of the 
 market people, and the miscarriage ofh>iifadozen 
 bighellied women. Addison. 
 
 Biggin, n. s. [beguirij Fr.] A child's cap. 
 
 Sleep now ! 
 Yet not so sound, and half so deeply sweet, 
 As he, whose brow with homely biggin bound, 
 Snores out the watch of night. Shakesp. 
 
 Bight. 7i. s. It is explained by .9A'/nner, 
 
 the circumference of a coil of rope. 
 Bi'gly. adv. [from big.] Tumidly ; 
 haughtily ; with a blustering manner. 
 Would'st thou not rather choose a small re- 
 nown, 
 To be the may'r of some poor paltry town ; 
 Bigly to look, and barb'rously to speak ; 
 To pound false weights, and scanty measures 
 break ? Drydeji. 
 
 Bi'gness. 71. s. [from big.] 
 
 1. Bulk; greatness of quantity. 
 
 If panicum be laid below, and about the bot- 
 tom of a root, it will cause the root to grow to an 
 excessive bigne.'is. Bacon. 
 
 People were surprised attheft/o^ness and uncouth 
 deformity of the camel L Kstrange's Fables. 
 
 The brain of man, in respect of his body, is 
 nmch larger than anv other animal's ; exceeding 
 in bigness three oxen's brains. Bay on the Creation. 
 
 2. Size, whether greater or smaller ; com- 
 parative btdk. 
 
 Several sorts of rays make vibrations of several 
 bignesses, which, according to their bignesses, excite 
 sensa'iuns of several colours ; and the air, accord- 
 ing to their bignesses, excites sensations of several 
 sounds. Newton s Opticks. 
 
 BIGOT. 71. s. [The etymology of this 
 word is unknown ; but it is supposed, 
 by Camden and others, to take its rise 
 from some occasional phrase.] A man 
 devoted unreasonably to a certain party ; 
 prejudiced in favour of certain opinions ; 
 a blind zealot. It is used often with to 
 before tln' object of zeal ; as a bigot to 
 the Cartesian tenets. 
 
 Religious spite and pious spleen bred first 
 This quarrel, which so long the bigots nurst. Tate. 
 In philosophy and religion, the M^of^ of all par- 
 ties are generally ihemi.st positive. Watts. 
 
 Bi'goted, adj. [from bigot.] Blindly 
 prepossessed in favour of something ; 
 irrationally zealous : with to. 
 
 I Bigoted to this idol, we disclaim 
 
 Rest, health, and ease, for nothing but a name. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 B I L 
 
 Presbyterian merit, during the reign of that 
 weak, higotted, and ill-advised prince, will easily 
 be computed. Swift. 
 
 Bi'gotry. n. s. [from bigot.] 
 
 1. Blind zeal ; prejudice ; unreasonable 
 warmth in favour of party or opinions : 
 with the particle to. 
 
 Were it not for a bigotry to our own tenets, wc 
 could hardly imagine, that so many absurd, wick- 
 ed, and bloody principles, should pretend to sup- 
 port themselves by the gospel. Watts. 
 
 2. Tlie practice or tenet of a bigot. 
 
 Our silence makes our adversaries think we 
 persist in those bigvtricSf which all good and sen- 
 sible men despise. Pope. 
 
 Bi'gswoln. adj. [from Jig- and sa;o/n.] 
 Turgid ; ready to burst. 
 
 Might my bigswoln heart 
 Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow. 
 
 Addison. 
 BlGUDDERED. adj. [from hig and ud- 
 der.] Having large udders ; having 
 dugs swelled with milk. 
 Now, driv'n before him through the arcbiiig 
 rock, 
 Came tumbling heaps on heaps th' unnumber'd 
 
 flock, 
 Big-udder d ewes, and goats of female kind. Pope. 
 
 Bi'lander. U.S. [beltmdre, Fr.] A small 
 vessel of about eighty tons burden, used 
 for the carriage of goods. It is a kind 
 of hoy, managable by four or five men, 
 and has masts and sails after the man- 
 ner of a hoy. They arc used chiefly in 
 Holland, as being particularly fit for the 
 canals. Sarari/ Trevoux. 
 
 Like bilanders [o creep 
 Along the coast, and land in view to keep. T)ryd. 
 
 Bi'lberry. n. s. [from bilij, Sax. a 
 bladder, and berry, according to .S'A"i«- 
 7icr ; ritis idau.] A small shrub ; and 
 a sweet berry of that shrub ; whortle- 
 berry. 
 
 Cricket, to Windsor's chimneys shalt thou leap; 
 There pinch the maids as blue as bilberries. 
 
 Shakesp . 
 
 Bi'lbo. 71. s. [corrupted from Bilboa, 
 where the best weapons are made.] A 
 rapier ; a sword. 
 
 'To be compassed like a good bilbo, in the cir- 
 cumference ot a peck, hilt to point, heel to head. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 Bi'lboes. n.s. A sort of stocks or wood- 
 en shackles for the feet, used for punish- 
 ing oftenders at sea. 
 
 Methought I lay 
 Worse than the mutines'in the bilboes. Shakesp, 
 
 en.E. n. s. [bilis, Lat.] A thick, yel- 
 low, bitter liquor, separated in the liver, 
 collected in the gall-bladder, and dis- 
 charged into the lower end of the diw- 
 denum, or beginning of the jejunum, 
 by the common duct. Its use is to 
 sheathe or blunt the acids of the chyle, 
 because they, being entangled with its 
 sulphurs, thicken it so that it cannot be 
 sufficiently diluted by the succus pan- 
 creaticus, to enter the lacteal vessels. 
 
 Quincy. 
 In its progression, soon the labuur'd ch3le 
 Receives the confluent rills of bitter bile ; 
 ^VIuch, by the liver sever'd from the blood, 
 And striving through the gall pipe, here unload 
 Tlieir yellow streams. Blaekmore. 
 
 Bile. n. s. [bile, Sax. perhaps from 
 bilis, Lat.] This is generally spelt boil; 
 
 184
 
 B I L 
 
 but, I think, less properly.] A sore 
 angry swelling. 
 
 But yet tiiou art my flesh, my blood, my 
 <{a\iglitcr ; 
 Or rather a disi-asc that *s in my flesh ; 
 Thoti art a bile in my cornijitcd i)h>o(l. Shakesp. 
 
 Those hiUs did run — say so — di<i not l!u* f;ciRT;d 
 run? were not lliat a hotchy sore ? Shakcsj>. 
 
 A furuncuhis is a painful" tubercle, with a broad 
 basis, arising in a cone. It is pcneraliy called a 
 bite, and is accompanied ^vitll iuthiinmatiou, pul- 
 sation, and tension. Wiseman 
 
 BiLGK. 7!. s. The compass or breadth of 
 a ship's bottom. Skinner. 
 
 T« Bilge, v. h. [from the nomi.] To spring 
 a leak ; to let in water, by striking upon 
 a rnck ; a sea term ; now hiilffe. Sl{iii!tei\ 
 
 Bi'li AKY. adj. [from bUis, Lat.] Belong- 
 ing to the bile. 
 
 Voracious animals, and such as do not chew, 
 liave a iircat quantity of gall ; and some of them 
 have the bitkrti duct inserted into the pylorus. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Bi'lingsgate. n. s. [.\ cant word, 
 borrowed from Biling.t<rale in London, 
 a place where there is always a crowd 
 of low people, and frequent brawls ami 
 foul language.] Ribaldry; foullanguage. 
 There strijit, fair rhetorick languisli'd on tlu- 
 ground, 
 And shameful biliiifr^gute her robes adorn. Pope. 
 BiLl'NGUOis. «((/. [bilino:iiis, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing; or speaking, two tongues. 
 Bi'lious. adj. [from bills, Lat.] Consist- 
 ing of bile; partaking of bile. 
 
 Why (li/iuus juice a golden light |)uts on. 
 And floods of chyle in silver currents run. Giit-th. 
 When the taste of the mouth is bitter, it is a 
 sign of A redundance of a bitUms alkali. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Tu BILK. V. a. [derived by Mr. Lye from 
 the Gothick bilaican.] To cheat ; to 
 defraud, by running in debt, and avoid- 
 ing payment. 
 Bitiid stationers for yeomen stood prepar'd. 
 
 _ Drxid. 
 M'liat comedy, wliat farce can more delight, 
 Tlian grinniiiLi hunger, and the pleasing sight 
 Of vour biik^l hopes ? Drijd. 
 
 BILL. 7i,s. [bile, Sax. See Ball.] The 
 beak of a fowL 
 
 Their biils were thwarted crossways at the eml, 
 and with these they would cut an apple in two at 
 one snap. Carew. 
 
 It may be triede whctlier birds may not be made 
 to have greater or longer bills, or greater or longer 
 talons. Bacon. 
 
 Inhisfci/i 
 An olive leaf he brings, pacifick sign! Milton. 
 
 No crowing cock di»es there his wings disjilay. 
 Nor with his horny bUt provoke the day. Driidcii. 
 
 BILL. n. s. [bille, rpibille, Sax. a two 
 edged axe.] 
 
 1. A kind of hatchet with a hooked point, 
 used in coinitry work, as a hcdgiu<2; bill ; 
 so called from its resemblance in form to 
 the beak of a bird of prey. 
 
 Standing troops arc servants armeri, wlio xise 
 the lance and sword, as other servants do the 
 sickle or the bill, at the command of those wlio 
 entertain them. Temjilc. 
 
 2. A kind of weapon anciently carried by 
 the foot ; a battle axe. 
 
 Yea distalV women manage rustv hills : 
 Airaiiist thy seat both voung and "old rebel. Shiik. 
 
 BILL. n. s. [billet, i-r.] 
 1. A written paper of any kind. 
 He does receive 
 
 Particular addition from the biU 
 
 That writes them all alike. Shakesp. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 B I L 
 
 2. ^An account of money. 
 
 Ordinary expence ought to be limited by a 
 man's estate, and orderrd to the best, that 'the 
 biiU may be less ihau the estimatioa abroad. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 3. A law presented to the parliament, not 
 yet made an act. 
 
 No new laws can be made, nor old laws abro- 
 gated oraliered, but by parliament; where bili^ 
 are prepared, and presented to the two houses. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Ifow now for mitigation of this bill, 
 Urg'd by the commons ? doth his majesty 
 Inclhie to it, or no ? * Shakesp. 
 
 4. An act of parliament. 
 
 There will be no way left for me to tell you that 
 I remember you, and llial I Iotc you, but iliat one, 
 which needs no open warrant, or secret convey- 
 ance; which no &i7/5 can preclude, nor no kings 
 prevent. Atterbnry. 
 
 ;3. A physician's prescription. 
 
 Like liim that took the doctor's full, 
 And swallow'd it instead o' th' pill. Hudihras. 
 
 The medicine was j)repared according to the bill. 
 * UFMrange. 
 
 Let them, but under your superioiirs, kill. 
 When doctors first have sign'd the bloody hill. 
 
 * Drydcn. 
 
 G. An advertisement. 
 
 And in despair, their empty pit to fill, 
 Set up some foreign monster In a bill. Dryden. 
 
 7. [In law.] 
 
 1. An obligation, but xvilhout condition, or 
 forfeiture fur non-payment. '2. A declaration 
 in writing, that expre'sscth either the grief and 
 the wrong that the complainant liath sulVered by 
 the party complained of; or else some fault that 
 the party complained of liath committed against 
 some law. This lull is sometinics otVcred to jus- 
 tices errants in the general assizes : but most to 
 the lor<l chancellor. It contaiiielh the fact com- 
 plained of, the damages thereby sullcred.und peti- 
 tion of process against the defendant for redress. 
 
 Cowdl. 
 
 The fourth thing very maturely to be consulted 
 by the jury, is, -what influence their finding the 
 bill may have upon the kingdom. Su-ift. 
 
 8. A bill of 7iiortalih/. An account of 
 tlie numbers that have died in any 
 
 district, 
 
 RIost wlio took in the weekly bills of tmvtalitii, 
 made litlle other use of them, than to look at the 
 foot, how the burials encrcascd or decreased. 
 
 Graunt. 
 
 So liv'd our sires, ere doctors learn *d to kill. 
 And niultipiy'd with theirs the weekly bill. Dryd. 
 
 9. A bill of fare. An accoimt of the 
 season of provisions, or of the dishes at a 
 feast. 
 
 It may seem somewhat dithcult to make out the 
 bills oj fare for some of the foremeniioned suppers. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 10. A bill of exchange. A note ordering 
 the payment of a sum of money in one 
 })lace. to some person assigned by the 
 drawer or remitter, in consideration of 
 the value paid to him in another place. 
 
 The comfortable sentences atc bills of ewhangc, 
 upon the credit of which we lay our cares down, 
 and receive provisions. Taylor. 
 
 All that a bill of exchange Cin do, is to direct to 
 whom money due, or taken up upon credit, in a 
 foreign country, ^haIl be paid. Locke. 
 
 T*> Bill. v. «. [from 6///, a beak.] To 
 caress, as doves by joining bills ; to be 
 fond. 
 
 Doves, they say, will hill, after their pecking, 
 and their mnrmurnig. Ben Jonsons Catalinc. 
 
 Still amorous, and fond, and billing, 
 Like Philin ami AXary on a shilling. Hudihras. 
 
 They bill, they tread ; Alcyone compress'd 
 Sevendays sits brooding on her floating nest. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 B I L 
 
 He that bears th* artillery of Jove, 
 The strong pounc'd eagle, and the bilbng dore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 To Bii.i,. r. a. [from bill, a writing.] To 
 pubhsh by an advertisement : a cant 
 word. 
 
 His masterpiece was a composition that he b'UUd 
 about under the name of a sovereign antidote. 
 
 L*Estrangc. 
 
 Billet, n. s. billet, French.] 
 
 1 . A small paper ; a note. 
 
 %VheTi he found this little billet, in which was 
 onl^' written liemember Casar, be was exceedineW 
 confounded. Ctareruum. 
 
 2. A ticket directing soldiers at what 
 house to lodge. 
 
 3. Billet-doux, or a soft billet ; a love- 
 letter. 
 
 T« as then, Belinda ! if report say true, 
 Thy eyes first o^en'd on a bilkt-dtiiu. Pimt 
 
 4. [Bilof, Fr.] A small log of wood for 
 the chimney. 
 
 Let us then calculate, when the bulk of a fajot 
 or 6i//e( is dilated and ratified to tlic. degree of fire, 
 bow vast » place it must take up. Dighy on Bodict. 
 
 Their biHet at the lire was found. Frior. 
 
 To Bi'llet. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 L To direct a soldier by a ticket, or note, 
 
 where he is to lodge. 
 Retire thee ; go where thou ait billeted : 
 
 Away, 1 say. Sluskesp. 
 
 2. To quarter soldiers. 
 
 They remembered him of charging the kingdom, 
 by billeting soldiers. Raleigh. 
 
 The counties throughout the kingdom were so 
 incensed, and their anections poisoned, that they 
 refused to sutler the soldiers to be bitlettd upuji 
 them. Ctarettaon. 
 
 BiLLi.VRDS. n. s. without a singular, 
 [billard, Fr. of wliich that language has 
 no etymology; and therefore they proba- 
 blv derived from England both the pl.iy 
 and the name, which is corrupted from 
 balyards, yards or sticks with which a 
 ball is driven alonga table. Thus Spenser: 
 
 Balyards much unfit. 
 And shuttlecocks niisseeming manly wit. 
 
 Hubherd^s TaU. 
 
 A game at which a ball is forced against 
 another on a table. 
 
 Let it alone ; let's to billiards. Shaltesp. 
 
 Even nose and cheek withal. 
 Smooth as is the billiard ball. Ben Jtmson. 
 
 Some are forced to bound or flv upwards, almost 
 like ivory balls meeting on a bilhard table. Bottle. 
 
 When the ball obeys "the stroke of a billiard stick, 
 it is not any action of the ball, but liare passion. 
 
 Uvke. 
 
 BILLOW, n. s. [bilge. Germ, bolg, Dan. 
 probably of the same original with bill j, 
 Sax. a bladder.] \ wave swoln, and 
 hollow. 
 
 From whence the river Dee, Jis silver cleen. 
 His tumbling bilUms rolls with gentle tore. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Bi//i>u'S sink by degrees, even when the wind 
 is down that first stirred them. n'octon. 
 
 Chasinsj Nereus with his trident throws 
 'the bilious from the bottom. Denham. 
 
 To Bi'llow. I', fi. [from the noun.] To 
 swell, or roll, as a wave. 
 
 The billou-iug snow, and violence of the show'r, 
 That from the bills disperse their dreadful store, 
 .Vnd o'er tite vales collected ruin pour. Prior. 
 
 Bi'llow Y. adj. [from billou:.] Swelling; 
 turgid ; wavy. 
 
 .\nd whitening down tlie mossy-tiiictur'd stream. 
 Descends thcbillovnf foam. *" 
 
 Bb 
 
 ThomsoTi. 
 
 185
 
 B I N 
 
 Bin. 11. s. [binne, Sax.] A place where 
 bread, or corn, or wine, is reposited. 
 
 The n)i)3i convenient way of picking liups, is 
 into a Ions square frame of wood, called a ftm. 
 
 * Mortimet: 
 
 As wlien, from rooting in a bin. 
 All powder'd o'er from Tail to clnn, 
 A lively niauKot sallies out. 
 You know liiTn bv Ins hazel snout. iieijt. 
 
 Bi'NARY. aelj.'[{rombinus, Lat.J Two; 
 dual ; double. 
 
 Bi'narv Arillimttick. A method of com- 
 putation proposed by Mr. Leibnitz, in 
 which, in lieu of the ten figures in the 
 common arithmetick, and the progression 
 from ten to ten, he has only two figures, 
 and uses the simple progression fmm two 
 to two. This method appears to be the 
 same with that used by the Chinese four 
 thousand years ago. Chmnb. 
 
 To BIND. V. a. pret. / hou7i(l; particip. 
 pass, bound, or boiindeii, [binban, .Sax.] 
 
 1 . To confine with bonds ; to enchain. 
 
 Wilt tliou play with him, as with a bird ? or 
 wilt thou hind him for thy maidens ? Jub. 
 
 2. To gird; to enwrap; to involve. 
 
 Who hath hound the waters in a garment ? 
 
 rroverbi. 
 
 3. To fasten to any thing ; to fix by cir- 
 cumvolution. 
 
 Thou shalt bind this line of scarlet thread in 
 the window, which thou didst let us down by. 
 
 Jos/jKa. 
 
 Keep my commandments, and live ; and my 
 law, as the apple of thine eye. Bind thciii upon 
 thy finders, write them upon the table of thine 
 heart. " Vvoverhs. 
 
 4. To fasten together. 
 
 Gather ye together first the tares, and bind tliem 
 in bundles, to burn them. _ Matthew. 
 
 5. To cover a wound with dressnigs and 
 bandages : with up. 
 
 When he saw him, he had compassion on him, 
 and went to him, and hound up his wounds. Luke. 
 
 Having filled up the bared cranium with our 
 dressings we boumi up the wound. M'iicmun. 
 
 6. To oblige by stipulation, or oath. 
 
 If a man vow a vow, or swear an oath, to bind 
 his soul with a bond, he shall not break his word. 
 
 ^'.uynhcrs. 
 Swear by the solemn oath that binds the gods. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 7. To oblige by duty or law ; to compel ; 
 to consti-ain. 
 
 Though I am hound to every act of duty, 
 I am not bound to that all slaves are free to. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Duties expressly requir'd in the plain language of 
 
 Scripture, ought to bind our consciences more than 
 
 those which are but dubiously inferred. Watts. 
 
 8. 'I'o oblige by kindness. 
 
 9. To confine ; to hinder : with in, if the 
 restraint be local ; with up, if it relate 
 to thought or act. 
 
 Now I'm cabiii'd, cribb'd, coiifm'd, bound in 
 To saucy doubts and fears. Shakesp. 
 
 You will sooner, by imagination, bind a bird 
 from singing, than from eating or flying. Bacon. 
 
 Though passion be the most obvious and general, 
 yet it is'not the only cause that bindsup the under- 
 standin2, and confines it, for the time, to one ob- 
 ject, ham which it will not he taken oil'. Locke. 
 
 In such a dismal place. 
 Where joy ne'er enters, which the sun ne'er cheers, 
 Hautiii m with darkness, overspread with damps. 
 
 Dri^den. 
 
 10. To hinder the flux of the bowels ; to 
 make costive. 
 
 Rhubarb hath manifestly in it parts of contrary 
 ( ncrations ; parts that purge, and parts that bind 
 ihe body. Bacon. 
 
 B I O 
 
 Tlie whey of raiik dotii louse, the milk doth bind. 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 11. To restrain. 
 
 The more we are bound up to an exact narration, 
 we want more life, and fire, to aiiinmte and inform 
 the story. Felton. 
 
 \ 2, To bind a hook. To put it in a cover. 
 
 Was ever book, containing such vile matter, 
 So fairly hound? Shakesp. 
 
 Those who could never read the grammar. 
 When my dear volumes touch the hummer. 
 May tliiiik books best, as richest iound. Prior. 
 
 13. To bifid to. To oblige to serve some one. 
 
 If still thou dost retain 
 The same ill habits, the same follies too, 
 Still thou art bound (o vice, and still a slave. Drifd. 
 
 14. To bind to. To contract with any body. 
 
 Art thou bound to a wife, seek not to be loosed. 
 1 Corinthians. 
 
 15. To hind over. To oblige to make 
 appearance, 
 
 .Sir Roger was staggered with the reports con- 
 cerning this worn an and would have bound lier over 
 to the county sessions. Addison. 
 
 To Hind. v. n. 
 
 1 . To contract its own parts together ; to 
 grow^ stiff and hard. 
 
 If the land rise full of clots, and if it is a binding 
 land, you must make it fine by harrowing of it. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. To make costive. 
 
 3. To be obligatory. 
 Those canons, or imperial Constitutions, which 
 
 have not been received here, do not bind. Hale. 
 The promises and bargains for truck, between a 
 Swiss and an Indian, in the woods of America, are 
 binding to them, though they are perfectly in a state 
 of nature, in reference to one another. Locke. 
 
 Bind. n. s. A species of hops. 
 
 1 he two best sorts are the white and the grey 
 bind ; the latter is a large square hop, and more 
 hardy. Mortimer. 
 
 Bi'nder. ?/. s, [from To bind.] 
 
 1. A man whose trade it is to bind books. 
 
 2. A man that binds sheaves. 
 
 Three binders stood, and took the handfuls reapt 
 From boys tiiat gather'd quickly up. Chapman. 
 
 A man, with a binder, may reap an acre of wheat 
 in a day, if it stand well. Mortimer. 
 
 3. A fillet ; a shred cut to bind with. 
 
 A double cloth, of such length and breadth as 
 might serve to encompass the fractured member, 
 I cut from each end to the middle, into three 
 hinders. Wiseman. 
 
 Bi'nding. n. s. [from hind.] A bandage. 
 
 This beloved young women began to take otf 
 the binding of his eyes. Toiler. 
 
 Bi'ndweed. n. s. [convolvulus, Lat.] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 Bindweed is the larger and the smaller ; tlie first 
 sort flowers in September, and the last in June 
 and July. Mortimer. 
 
 Bi'nocle. Ji. s. [from bifuis and oatlus.] 
 A kind of dioptrick telescope, fitted so 
 with two tubes joining together in one, 
 as that a distant object may be seen with 
 botli eyes together. Harris. 
 
 BiNO'cuLAR. adj.l^vorahinusdixidiocidiis.] 
 Having two eyes. 
 
 Most animals are binocular, spiders for tlie most 
 part octonocular, and some senocular. Derham. 
 
 Bino'mial. Root, [in algebra.] A root 
 composed of only two parts, connected 
 with the signs plus or minus. Harris. 
 
 Bi'So'mi'SOVS. adj .[^Yomhinusandnoinen, 
 Lat.] Having two names. 
 
 Bio'grapher. n. s. [i?i^ and y^a^w.] A 
 writer of lives ; a relater not of the his- 
 
 B I R 
 
 tory of nations, but of the actions of 
 particular persons. 
 
 Our Grubslreet biographers viaich for (he death 
 of a great man, like so many undertakers, on pur- 
 pose to make a penny of him. Addison. 
 
 Biography, n. s. [jSi®- and ypaipu.] 
 
 In writing the lives of men, which is called bio- 
 graphy, some authors |'!ace every thing in the pre- 
 cise order of time when it occurred. IVatts. 
 
 Bi'ovAC. 1 n. s. [Vr. from ivej/ wach a 
 
 Bi'hovac. V double guard, German.] A 
 
 Bi'voTJAC. ) guard at night performed 
 by the whole army, which either at a 
 siege, or lying before an enemy, every 
 evening draws ont from its tents or huts, 
 and continues all night in arms. Is'ot 
 in use. Trevoux. Harris. 
 
 Bi'pARous. adj. [from binus and pario, 
 Lat.] Bringing forth two at a birth. 
 
 Bi'pARTlTE. adj. [from binus and parlior, 
 Lat.] Having two correspondent parts : 
 divided into two. 
 
 Biparti'tion. n. s. [from bipartite.] 
 The act of dividing into two; or of 
 making two correspondent parts. 
 
 Biped, n. s. [bipes, Lat.] An animal 
 with two feet. 
 
 No serpent, or fishes oviparous, have any stones 
 at all ; neithcr/)i;if(i nor quadruped oviparous have 
 any extcriourly. Broun's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Bi'pEDAL. (idj. [bipedalis, Lat.] Two 
 feet in length ; or having two feet. 
 
 Bipe'nnatep. adj. [from bimis and 
 penna, Lat.] Having two wings. 
 
 All bipennatcd insects have poises joined to the 
 body. Derham. 
 
 BiPE'TALOU.s.af/;.[of6fs, Lat.and«r£Ta^c» ] 
 .4 flower consisting of two leaves. Diet. 
 
 Bi'quadrate. )^ y. s. [in algebra.] 
 
 Biquadra'tick. j The fourth power, 
 arising from the multiplication of a 
 square number or quantity by itself. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 BIRCH Tree. n. s. [bine, Sax. betuhi, Lat.] 
 The leaves are like those of the poplar ; 
 the shoots are very slender and weak ; 
 the katkins are produced at remote dis- 
 tances from the fruits, on the same tree ; 
 the fruit becomes a little squaraose cone; 
 the seeds are winged, and the tree casts 
 its outer rind every year. Miller. 
 
 Bi'rchen. adj. [from birch.] Made of 
 birch. 
 His beavcr'd brow a birchen garland bears. Pope. 
 
 BIRD. n. s. [bipb, or hyi]i>, a chicken, 
 Saxon.] A general term for the fea- 
 thered kind ; a fowl. In common talk, 
 foivl is used for the larger, and bird for 
 tlie smaller kind of feathered animals. 
 
 The poor wren, 
 The most diminutive of birds, will light. 
 Her young one s in her nest, against tlic owl. Shak. 
 
 Sli' had all the regal makings of a queen ; 
 As holy oil, Eilward confessor's crown, ■«■ 
 The roVl and bird of peace, and all such emblems. 
 Laid nobly on her. Shakesp. Henri/ Vlll. 
 
 The liird of Jove stoop 'd from his airy tour, 
 Two fcirrfs of gavest plume before him drove. Milton. 
 Hence men and beasts the breath of life obtain. 
 And birds of air, and monsters of the main. Drpd. 
 There are some birds that are inhabitants of ihe 
 water, wliose blood is cold as fishes, and their 
 flesh is so like in taste, that the scrupulous are al- 
 lowed thera on fish days Lpche. 
 
 1B6
 
 B I R 
 
 To Bird. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 catcli birds. 
 
 I do invite you to-morrow morning to iny house 
 to breakfast ; after we'll a Inrdiiig togellu-r. 
 
 Sliaheap. 
 
 BlRDBOLT. n. s. [from bird and bolt, or 
 fljToit'.] An arrow, broad at the end, 
 to be shot at birds. 
 
 To be generous anil of free disposition, is to 
 take those things for birdlwlts that jou deem can- 
 non bullets. Shakesi). 
 
 Birdcage, n. s. [from bird and cage.] An 
 inclosuie.with interstitial spaces, made of 
 wire or wicker, in wiiich birds are kept. 
 
 Birdcages taught him the pulley, anil tops the 
 CLiitrifugal foree. Arbutlinol and Pope. 
 
 Bl'RDCATCHER. n. s. [from bird and 
 catch.] One that makes it liis employ- 
 ment to take birds. 
 
 A poor lark entered into a miserable expostula- 
 tion with a birdcalcher, tliat had taken her in his 
 net. U Estrange. 
 
 Bi'rder. n. s. [from bird.] A birdcatcher. 
 
 Bi'rding-piece. n. .1. [from bird and 
 piece.] A fowling-piece ; a gun to shoot 
 birds with. 
 
 I'll creep up into the chimney. — There they 
 always use to discharge their birding-pieces ; creep 
 into "the kill hole. Shakesp. 
 
 Bi'rdlime. n.s. [from bird a.nd lime.] A 
 glutinous substance, which is spread 
 upon twigs, by which the birds that 
 light upon them are ent;mgled. 
 
 Birdtiinc is made of the bark of holly : they 
 pound it into a tough paste, that no iibres of the 
 wood be left ; tlicn if is washed in a running 
 stream, till no motes appear, and put up to fer- 
 ment, and scuunued, and then Lid up for use ; at 
 which time they incorporate with it a lliird nart 
 of nut oil, over the fire. But the bark of our Ian- 
 tone, or wayfaring shrub, will make very good 
 hirdlime. Chambers. 
 
 Holly is of so viscous a juice, as they make 
 birdtimi; of the bark of it. Bacoics Aaf. Hist. 
 
 With stores of gather'd glue contrive 
 To stop the vents and crannies of their hive j 
 Not birdlmie, or Idean pitch, produce 
 A more tenacious mass of elaininv juice. Diyd. 
 
 I'm ensnar'd ; 
 
 Ileav'n's birdlime wraps me round, and glues my 
 
 wings. Dri/i?. 
 
 The woodpecker, and other birds of this kind, 
 
 because they prey upon flies which they catch 
 
 with tlieir tongue, have a couple of bags filled 
 
 with a viscous humour, as if it were a natural bird- 
 
 lime, or liquid glue. Grew. 
 
 Bi'rdman. M.S. [from bird and nian.] A 
 
 birdcatcher ; a fowler. 
 
 As a fowler wa^ bendijig his net, a blackbird 
 
 asked him what be was doing : why, says he, I am 
 
 layingthe foundations of a city; anci so the birdman 
 
 drew out of sight. L'Estraytge. 
 
 Bl'RD.S-CHERRY. M. *. [padiis TAcv- 
 
 phrasti.] A plant. 
 BiRDSEYE. n. s. [adonis, Lat.] The 
 
 name of a plant. 
 Bi'rdsfoot. n. s. [ornithopodiitm, Lat.] 
 
 The name of a plant. 
 BiRDSNEST. n. s. An herb. Did. 
 
 Bi'rdstares. n. s. [araciis.] A plant. 
 BiRDSTONGUE. n. s. An herb. Did. 
 Bi'rgander. n. s. [chenalopcr.] A fowl 
 of the goose kind. Diet. 
 
 BiRT. n. s. A fish, the same with the 
 
 tiirbot : which see. 
 BIRTH. U.S. [beopB, Sax.] 
 1. The act of coming into life. 
 
 B I R 
 
 But thou art fair, and at thy birth, dear boy, 
 Nature and fortune joiil'd to make thee great. 
 
 Sliakesp. King Job n. 
 
 In Spain, our springs like old men s children be. 
 Decay d and wither'd from their infancy ; 
 No knidlv showers fall on our barren earth. 
 To hatch'the seasons in a timely birth. Dryd. 
 
 2. Extraction ; lineage. 
 
 Most virtuous virgin, born of heavenly birth. 
 
 Spens. 
 All truth I shall relate: nor first call I 
 Mvself to be of Grecian birth deny. Deuham. 
 
 3. Rank which is inherited by descent. 
 
 He doth object, I am too good of birlh. Shak. 
 
 Be just in all yon say, and all you do ; 
 Whatever be your birtfi, you're sure to be 
 A peer of the first magnitude to me. _ Dri/d. 
 
 4. Thecondition of circumstancesin which 
 any man is horn. 
 
 High in his chariot then Halesus came, 
 A foe by bii-th to Troy's unhappy name. Drijd. 
 
 •5. Thing bom ; production : used of vege- 
 tables, as well as animals. 
 
 The people fear me ; for they do observe 
 Unfatber'd heirs, and loathly birds of nature. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 That ])oets are far rarer births than kings, 
 i'our noblest father prov'd. Ben Jonson. 
 
 AVho of themselves 
 Abhor to join ; and, by imprudence mix'd, 
 Produce prodigious births of body or mind. 
 
 Milton. 
 She, for this many thousand years. 
 Seems to have practis'd with much care 
 To frame the race of woman fair ; 
 Yet never could a perfect birth 
 Produce before, to grace the earth. Waller. 
 
 His eldest birth 
 Flies, niark'd by heav'n, a fugitive o'er earth. 
 
 Prior. 
 The vallies smile, and with their flow'ry face. 
 And wealthy births, confess the flood's embrace. 
 
 Bluchnore. 
 
 Others hatch their eggs, and tend the bi)th, till 
 
 it is able to shift for itself. Addison. 
 
 0. The act of bringing forth. 
 That fail Syrian shepherdess 
 
 W'lio, after years of barrenness. 
 
 The highly "favour'd Joseph bore 
 
 To bini tluit serv'd for her before ; 
 
 And at her next birth, much like thee, 
 
 Through pangs fled to felicity. Milton. 
 
 7. The seamen call a due or proper distance 
 between ships lyingat an anchor, orunder 
 sail, a birth. Also the proper place on 
 board for the mess to put their chests, 
 Si'c. is called the birth of that mess. 
 Also a convenient place to moor a ship 
 in, is called a birth. Harris. 
 
 Bi'rthday. n. s. [from birth and dni/.] 
 
 1. The day on which any one is born. 
 
 Orient light. 
 Exhaling first from darkness, they beheld, 
 Birlhdaunf heaven and earth. Milton. 
 
 2. 'I'lie day of the year in which any one 
 was born, aiunially observed. 
 
 This is my birthday ; as this very day 
 AVas Cassiiis born. Shakfsjt. 
 
 They tell me 'tis mv birthday, and I'll keep it 
 "With double jiomp of sadness : 
 'lis what the day deserves, which gave me brcatb. 
 
 Dryd. 
 Your country- d.imes, 
 Whose cloaths returning birthday claims. Prior. 
 
 BiRTHDOM. Ji. s. [This is erroneously, 
 I think, printed in Shakispcnre, hirth- 
 doom. It is derived from birth and dtmt 
 (see Dom) as kingdom, dukedom.] Pri- 
 vilege of birth. 
 
 Let us rather 
 Hold fast the mortal sword ; and, like good men. 
 Bestride our downfalii 6ij"t/irftfm, Shakesp. 
 
 B I S 
 
 Bi'rthnigiit. n. *. [from birlh and 
 night. 
 
 1. The night on which any one is bom. 
 Th' angeiick song in B«tblehem field, 
 
 On thy birthniglU, Uiat sung the Saviour boni 
 
 Puradise Regained. 
 
 2. The night annually kept in taemory of 
 any one's birth. 
 
 .\ youth more glitt'ring than a birthnight beau. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bi'rthplace, 71. s. [from birlh and 
 place.] Place where any one is bom. 
 
 iMy birthplace hate I, and my love 's upon 
 This enemy's town. Sliat.esp. 
 
 A degree of stupidity beyond even what we have 
 been charged witn, upon tnc score of our birthplace 
 and climate. Stnfu 
 
 Bi'RTHRiGHT.n.J. [from birth anAright.] 
 The rights and privileges to which a man 
 is born ; the right of the first-born. 
 
 Thy blood and virtue 
 Contend for empire in thee, and thy goodness 
 Shares with thy birthright. Shakesp. 
 
 Thou hast been found 
 By merit, more than birthright, Son of God. Mitt. 
 
 T lov'd her first, I cannot quit the claim. 
 But will preserve the bii-thright of my passion. 
 
 Ottcay. 
 
 While no baseness in this breast I find, 
 1 have not lost the biiihright of my mind. Dryd. 
 
 To say that liberty and property are the birthright 
 of the English nation, but that, if a prince invades 
 them by illegal methods, we must upon no pretence 
 resist, is to confound governments. Addistm. 
 
 Birthstr.Vngled. adj. [from birlh and 
 strangle.] Strangled or suffocated in 
 being born. 
 
 Finger of birthstrangled babe, 
 Ditch-deliver'd by a drab. Shakesp, ilacb. 
 
 Bi'rthwort. n.s. [from birth and wort; 
 
 I suppose from a quality of hastening 
 
 delivery. Aristolochia, Lat.] The name 
 
 of a plant. 
 BISCOTLX. n. s. [French.] A confec 
 
 tion made of flour, sugar, marmalade, 
 
 eggs, Sfc. 
 Bi scuiT. n. s. [from bis twice, Lat. and 
 
 ciiit b.tked, Fr.] 
 
 1. A kind of hard dry bread, made to be 
 carried to sea : it is baked for long voy- 
 ages four times. 
 
 The biscuit also in the ships, especially in the 
 S[ianisli gullies, was grown lioary, and uiiwhule- 
 some. Knolles^s Hist. 
 
 ^lany have been cured of dropsieshy abstinence 
 
 from drinks, eatino; dry bi<cuit, which creates uo 
 
 thirst, and strong frictions four or five times a-day. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Vict, 
 
 2. .\ composition of fine flour, almonds, 
 and sugar, made by the confectioners. 
 
 To Bisect, c. a. [from binus and seco to 
 cut, Lat.] To divide into two parts. 
 
 The rational horizon fcuirlrt'i the globe into two 
 equal parts. BroH-n^s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Bise'ction. n. s. [from the verb ] A 
 geometrical term, signifying the division 
 of any tiuantity into two equal }xirts. 
 BISHOP, n. s. [From cpiscopus. Lit. the 
 Saxons formed bij-cop, which was after- 
 wards softened into bishop.] One of the 
 head order of the ciergy. 
 
 A bishop is an overseer, or superinteudaot. of 
 religious matters in tlie Christian church. 
 
 Aylipe's Porer^n 
 "V'ou shall find him well accompany 'd 
 With rocrcnd fathers, and well learned bishops. 
 
 Shakcip 
 
 187
 
 BIS 
 
 Their zealous superstilion ihiiiks, or pretends, 
 they cannot do God a greater service, than to de- 
 slro'v llie primitive, apostolical, and anciently uni- 
 versal Bovernnient of the church by bishnps. 
 
 ^ K. Charles. 
 
 In case a bishop should commit treason and fe- 
 lony, and forfeit his estates, with his life, the lands 
 of his hishoprick remain still in tliechurch. Smilli. 
 On the word bishop, in French en'ipte, I would 
 observe, tliat tliere is no natural connei.inn be- 
 tween the sacred otBce and the letters or sound ; 
 for Clique, and fiis'iii;<, siynify the same office, 
 though there is not one letter alike in them. 
 
 ]Vatts's Log. 
 Bi'.SHop. 71. s. A cant word for a mixtiire 
 of -nine, oranges, and sugar. 
 
 Fine oranges. 
 Well roasted, with sugar and wine in a cup, 
 Tlicy'll make a sweet bishop, when gentlefolks sup. 
 
 Sitijt. 
 To Bi'sHOP. V. a. [from the noitn.] To 
 confirm; to admit solemnly into the 
 church. 
 
 They are prophane, imperfect, oh ! too bad, 
 Excep't confirm'd and bishoped by thee. Donne. 
 
 BisnopRiCK. n. s. [bij-coppice, Saxon.] 
 The diocese of a bishop; the district 
 over which the jimsdiction of a bishop 
 extends . 
 
 It will be fit, that, by the king's supreme power 
 in causes ecclesiastical, thev be subordinate under 
 some bishop, and bkltoprick, of this realm. 
 
 Bacons Adoice to ViUiers. 
 
 A virtuous woman should reject marriage, as a 
 good inan does a hishoprick ; but I would advise 
 neither to persist in refusing, Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Those pastors had episcopal ordination, possess- 
 ed preferments in the church, and were sometimes 
 promoted to bishojtricks themselves. 
 
 Swift's Sentiments of u Church of England Man. 
 
 Bi'sHOPSWEED. n. s. [ammi, Lat.] The 
 
 name of a plant. 
 Bisk. n. s. [bisque, Fr.] .Soup; broth 
 
 made by boiling several sorts of flesh. 
 
 A prince, who in a forest rides astray. 
 And, weary, to some cottage finds the way. 
 Talks of no pyramids, or fowls, or fcisfcj of fish. 
 But hungry sups his cream serv'd up in earthen 
 dish. King. 
 
 Bi'sket. See Biscuit. 
 
 Bi'sMUTH. n. s. The same as marcasite ; 
 a hard, white, brittle, mineral substance, 
 of a metalline nature, found at Misnia ; 
 supposed to be a recrementitious matter 
 thrown off in the formation of tin. Some 
 esteem it a metal siii genei-is; though 
 it usually contains some silver. There 
 is an artificial bismuth made, for the 
 shops, of tin. Quincy. 
 
 Bisse'xtile. n.s. [trom his and sex t His, 
 Lat.] Leap year ; the year in which the 
 day, arising from six odd hours in each 
 year, is intercalated. 
 
 The year of the sun consisteth of three hundred 
 and sixty-five days and six hours, wanting eleven 
 minutes; which six hours omitted, will, in time, 
 deprave the compute : and this was the occasion 
 oi bissejtile, or leap year. Bnnrn. 
 
 Towards the latter end of February is the bissex- 
 t'de, or intercalar day ; called bissextile, because the 
 sixth of the calends of March is twice repeated. 
 Holder on Time. 
 
 Bl'.ssoN. adj. [derived by Skinner from 
 bi) and siri.] Blind. 
 
 But who, oh ! who hath seen the mobled queen 
 l-nn barefoot up and down, threat'ning the flames 
 With bisson rheum ? Shukesp. Hamlet. 
 
 W hat harm can your bisson conspcctnities glean 
 out of this character i' Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 BISTRE, n. s. [French.] A colour 
 made of chimney soot boiled, and then 
 
 B I T 
 
 diluted with water ; used by painters in 
 washing their desiiins. Trcvoiix. 
 
 Bi'STORT. n. s, [bi&lorta, Lat.] The 
 name of a plant, called also snakeweed ; 
 •wliich see. 
 
 Bi'sTouRY. n, s. [bistou7'i, F.] A sur- 
 geon's instrument, used in making inci- 
 sions, of which there are three sorts ; the 
 blade of the first turns like that of a lan- 
 cet; but the straight bisfoiiri/ has the 
 blade fixed in the handle; the crooked 
 bisto2t7\i/ is shaped like a half moon, 
 having the edge on the inside. Chambers. 
 
 Bisu'LCOus.tff//. \hisukuSjhvit.'\ Cloven- 
 footed. 
 
 For the swine, altliough multjparoiis, yet beins 
 hhiilcons, and onl}' clovenfootcd, ^rc farrowed witli 
 open e_yes, as other bmdcoxts animals. 
 
 Browns Vulg. F.rrours. 
 
 Bit. 71. s. [biTolj Saxon.] Signifies the 
 whole machine of all the iron ajipurte- 
 nancesof a bi'idle, as the bit-mouth, the 
 branches, the curb, the sevil-holes^ the 
 tranchefil, and the cross chains; but 
 sometimes it is used to signify only the bit 
 mouth in particular. Far7'ur's Diet. 
 Thev light from their horses, pulling otVtheir hit, 
 that they^raight something refresh tlieir mouths 
 upon the grass. Sidney. 
 
 We have strict statutes, and most biting laws, 
 The needful bits and curbs of headstrong steeds. 
 
 Shakc^p. 
 
 He hath the hit between his teeth, and away he 
 
 runs. Stillingjieet. 
 
 Unus'd to tlie restraint 
 Of curbs and bits, and Beeter than the winds. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 Bit. 71. s, [from bite.'] 
 
 1. As much meat as is put into the mouth 
 at once. 
 
 How many prodigal tifshavc slaves and peasants 
 Tliis night englutted ! Shakcsv. 
 
 Follow your function, go and batten on cold 
 bits. Shokesp. 
 
 The mice found it troublesome to be still climb- 
 ing the oak for every bit they put in their bellies. 
 
 UEstraiige. 
 
 John was the darling; he had all ilie good hi(.% 
 was crammed with good pullet, chicken, and ca- 
 pon. Arbuthywt. 
 
 2. A small piece of any thing. 
 
 By this the boiling kettle had prepar'd. 
 And to the table sent the smoaking lard j 
 A sav'ry bit, that serv'd to relish wine. Dryd. 
 
 Then clap four slices of pilaster on't, 
 That, lac"d with bits of rustick, makes a front. 
 
 Pojye. 
 
 He bought at thousands, what with better wit 
 You purchase as you want, and bit by bit. Pope. 
 
 His majesty has power to grant a patent, for 
 stamping round bits of copper, to every subject he 
 hath. " Swift. 
 
 3. A Spanish West Indian silver coin, 
 valued at sevenpence halfpenny. 
 
 4. A bit the better or worse. In the 
 smallest degree. 
 
 There are few that know all the tricks of these 
 lawyers ; for aught I can see, your case is not a 
 bit clearer than it was seven years ago. Arbutlnwt. 
 
 To Bit. v. a. [from the noun.] To put 
 
 the bridle upon a horse. 
 Bitch. ii, s. [birje, Saxon.] 
 1 . The female of the canine kind ; as the 
 
 wolf, the dog, the fox, the otter. 
 And at his feet a bitch wolf suck did yield 
 
 To two young babes. Spenser. 
 
 1 have been credibly informed, that a hitch will 
 
 nurse, play with, and lie fond of young foxes, as 
 
 much as, and in place of, her puppies. Locke. 
 
 B I T 
 
 2. A name of reproach for a woman. 
 
 Him you'll call a dog, and her a bitch. Pope. 
 
 John had not run a madding so long, had it not 
 
 been for an extravagant bilch of awife. Arbuthnot 
 
 To BITE. V, a, pret. I bit ; part. pass. I 
 have bitf or bitten, [biran, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To crush, or piei'ce with the teeth. 
 
 My very enemy's dog, 
 Though he had hit me, should have stood that 
 
 night 
 Against my lire. _ Shaketv 
 
 Such smiling rogues as these, 
 Like rats, oft bite tlie holy cords in twain, 
 Too intricate I'uiiloose . Shakesp. 
 
 These arc the youths that thunder at a play- 
 house, and fight for bitten apples. Shakesp. 
 
 He falls ; lils arms upon the liody found. 
 And with his biuody teeth he hitcs the ground. 
 
 Dryd en. 
 
 There was lately a young gentleman bit to the 
 
 bone, who has now indeed recovered. Tatfcr. 
 
 Their foul mouths have not opened their lips 
 
 without a falsity ; thouiih they have showed their 
 
 teeth as if they would bile otV mv nose. 
 
 Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart, Scrib. 
 
 2. To give pain by cold. 
 
 Here feel we the icy phang, 
 And churlisii chiding, of the w"inter's wind ; 
 Wliich when it bites and blows ujion my body. 
 Even till I shrink with cold, I smile. Shakesp. 
 
 Full fifty years, harncss'd in rugged steel, 
 I have endur'd the biting winter's blast, 
 And the ic^ercr heats of parching summer. 
 
 Rone's Ambitious Stepmother. 
 
 3. 'I o hurt or pain with reproach. 
 Each poet with a dilfrent talent writes ; 
 
 One praises, one instructs, anotlicr fci'lfi. Roecom. 
 
 4. To cut ; to wound. 
 
 I've seen the day, w ith my good biting faulchion 
 I would have made them sliiji. SJtakesp. 
 
 5. To make the mouth smart with an acrid 
 taste. 
 
 It may be the first water will liave more of the 
 
 scent, as more fragrnnt ; and the second more of 
 
 the taste, as more bitter, or biting. Bacon. 
 
 G. To cheat ; to trick ; to defraud : a low 
 
 phrase. 
 
 Asleep and naked as an Indian lay, 
 An honest factor stole a gem away : 
 He plcdg'd it to the knight ; the knight had wit, 
 So kept the diamond, and the rogue was bit. Pope. 
 
 If you had allowed half the fine gentlemen to 
 Iiave conversed with you, they would have been 
 strangely bit, while they thought only to fall in 
 love with a fair lady. Pope. 
 
 Bite. 7i. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, The seizure of any thing by the teeth. 
 
 Does he think lie can endure the everlasting 
 burnings, or arm liimsclf against the biles of the 
 never-dying worm ? South. 
 
 Nordogdaysparchingheat, that splits the rocks, 
 Is half so harmful as the greedy fiucks ; 
 Their vcnom'd bite, and scars indented on the 
 stocks. Vrydcns Virgil's Georgicki. 
 
 2. The act of a fish that takes the bait. 
 
 I have known a very good fisher anj-le diligently 
 
 four or six hours for a fiver carp, anil not have a 
 
 bite. Walton. 
 
 a. A cheat; a trick; a fraud: in low and 
 
 vulgar language. 
 
 Let a man be ne'er so wise. 
 He may be caught with sober lies ; 
 For, take it in its proper light, 
 'Tis just what coxcombs call a bite. ^ Swift. 
 
 4. A sharper ; one who commits frauds, 
 Bi'ter. n. s. [from bite.} 
 
 1. He that bites. 
 
 Great barkers arc no biters. Camden. 
 
 2. A fish apt to take the bait* 
 
 He is so bold, that he will invade one of his own 
 kind ; and you may therefore easily believe him 
 to be abolcf /)i(er. Walton. 
 
 3. A tricker ; a deceiver. 
 
 188
 
 BIT 
 
 A biter is one who tells you a tiling you have 
 no reasou to dishclieve in itself, anil perhaps has 
 given you, before he bit you, no reason to disbclipve 
 It for his saying it; and, if you t;ive hhn credit, 
 laughs in your face, and triumphs that lie has de- 
 ceived you. He is one who thinks you a fool, be- 
 cause you do not think him a knave. Spectator. 
 
 Bi'ttacle. 71. s. A frame of timber in 
 the steerage of a ship, where tlie com- 
 pass is placed. Diet. 
 
 Bi'tten. particip. pass, [firom To bite ; 
 which see.] 
 
 BI'TTER. adj. [breep, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Having a hot, acrid, biting taste, like 
 
 wormwood. 
 
 Bitter tilings are apt rather to kill than engender 
 putrefaction. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Though a man in a fever should, from sugar, have 
 a (litter taste, which, at another time, produces a 
 sweet one ; yet tlie idea of hitter, in that man's 
 mind, would be as distinct from the idea of sweet, 
 as if he had tasted only gall. Locke. 
 
 2. Sharp; cruel; severe. 
 
 Friends now fast sworn, 
 Unsepsrable, shall within this hour, 
 On a dissension of a doit, break out 
 To bitterest enmity, Shakesp. 
 
 Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter 
 against them. Colossians. 
 
 The word of God, instead of a bitter, teaches us 
 a charitable zeal. Sprat. 
 
 3. Calamitous; miserable. 
 
 Noble friends and fellows, whom to leave 
 Is only bitter to me, only dying ; 
 Go with me, like good angels, to my end. Shak. 
 
 A dire induction am I witness to ; 
 And will to France, hoping the consequence 
 Will prove as bitter, black, and tragical. Shakesp. 
 
 And shun the bitter consequence : for know. 
 The day thou eat'st tliereof, my sole command 
 Transgrcst inevitablv thou shattdie. Miitoti. 
 
 Tell him, that if L*^hear my bitter fate, 
 'Tis to beliold his vengeance for my son. Dryden. 
 
 4. Painful ; inclement. 
 
 The fowl the borders fly. 
 And shun the bitter blast, and wheel about the 
 sky. Dryden. 
 
 5. Sharp ; reproachful ; satirical. 
 
 Go with nie. 
 And, in the breath of /fitter words, let's smother 
 IVly damned son. Shakesp. 
 
 0. Mournful; afflicted. 
 
 Wherefore is light given unto him that is in 
 
 misery, and life unto the bitter in soul? Job. 
 
 7. In any manner unpleasing or hurtful. 
 
 Hitter is an equivocal word ; there is bitter 
 
 wormwood, there are bitter words, there are 6i(^cr 
 
 enemies, and a bitter cold morning. Watts's Logick. 
 
 BiTTERGOURD. w. s. [iolocynthis, Lat.] 
 
 The name of a plant. 
 BlTTKRLY. adv. [from bitter.'] 
 
 1. With a bitter taste. 
 
 2. In a bitter manner; sorrowfully ; cala- 
 mitously. 
 
 1 so lively acted with ray tears. 
 That my poor mislress, moved therewithal, 
 Wept bitterly. Shakesp. 
 
 Bitterly hast thou paid, and still art paying 
 That rigid score. Milton. 
 
 3. Sharply ; severely. 
 
 His behaviour is not to censure bitterly the er- 
 rours of their zeal. Sprat. 
 
 Bittern. ?i. s. [butoiir. Ft.] A bird 
 with long legs, and a long bill, which 
 feeds upon fish ; remarkable for the noise 
 which lie makes, usually called bumping. 
 See BiTTOUR. 
 
 The poor fish have enemies enough, besides siicli 
 unnatural lishermeu as otters, the cormorant, and 
 the bittern. Walton. 
 
 BIT 
 
 So that scarce 
 The bittern knows his time, with bill inguipht. 
 To shake the sounding marsh. 'Ihomson. 
 
 Bi'ttern. n. *. [from bitter.] A very 
 bitter liquor, whicii drains off in making 
 of common salt, and used in the prepa- 
 ration of Epsom salt. Qitinci/. 
 
 Bitterness, w. s. [from bitter.] 
 
 1. A bitter taste. 
 
 The idea of whiteness, or bitterness, is in the 
 mind , exactly answering that power which is in any 
 body to produce it there. Locke. 
 
 2. Malice; grudge; hatred; implacabihty. 
 
 The bitterness and animosity between the com- 
 manders was such, that a great part of the army 
 was marched. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Sharpness ; severity of temper. 
 
 His sorrows have so overwhclm'd his wits, 
 Shall we be thus afflicted in his wreaks. 
 His fits, his frenzy, and his bitterness? Shakesp. 
 
 Pierpointaiid Crew appeared now to have con- 
 tracted more bitterness and sourness than fonnerly, 
 and were more reserved towards the king's com- 
 missioners. Clarendon. 
 
 4. Satire; piquancy; keenness of reproach. 
 Some think their wits have been asleep, except 
 
 they dart out somewhat piquant, and to the quick : 
 men ought to find the difference between saltness 
 and bitterness. _ Bacon. 
 
 5. Sorrow ; vexation ; affliction. 
 
 I'here appears much joy in him, even so much, 
 that joy could not show itself modest enough, 
 without a badge of bitterness. Shake-'^p. 
 
 They shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for 
 his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as 
 one that is in bitterness for his first-born. Zech. 
 
 JMost pursue tiie pleasures, as they call them, of 
 their natures, which begin in siii, are carried on 
 with danger, and enrl in bittertwss. Wake. 
 
 1 oft, in biitetmess of soul, deplor'd 
 My absent daughter, and my dearer lord. Pope. 
 
 Bi'ttersweet. n. s. [from bitter and 
 
 siveet.] The name of an apple, which 
 
 has a compound taste of sweet and 
 
 bitter. 
 
 It is but a bittersweet at best, and the fine colours 
 of the serpent do by no means make amends for 
 the smart and poison of his sting. South. 
 
 \\ hen I express the taste of an apple, which we 
 call the bittersweet, none can mistake what I mean. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Bi'ttervetch. n. s. [ervum, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Bi'tterwort. n. s. [gentiana, Lat.] An 
 
 herb. 
 Bi'ttour. n.s. [butour,Fr. ardea stellar is, 
 
 Lat.] The name of a bird, commonly 
 
 called the bittern, (see Bittern) but 
 
 perhaps as properly bittour. 
 Then to the water's brink she laid her head ; 
 
 And, as a bittour biunjis within a reed, 
 
 To thee alone, O lake, she said, I tell. Dryden. 
 
 Bitu'me. h. s. [from bitumen.] Bitumen. 
 See Bitumen. 
 
 Mixt with these 
 Ida?an pitch, quick sulphur, silver's spume. 
 Sea onion, hellebore, and black bitnme. May. 
 
 BITU'MEN. n. s. [Lat.] A fat unctuous 
 matter dug out of the earth, or scummed 
 off lakes, as tlie Asplialtis in Judaea, of 
 various kinds : some so hard as to be 
 used for coals ; others so glutinous as to 
 serve for mortar. Siivari/. 
 
 It is reported, that bitumen mingled with lime, 
 and put under water, will make as it were an arti- 
 ficial rock, the substance bccometh so hard. Bacon. 
 
 The fabriek scem'd a work of rising grouiui. 
 With sulpliur and bitumen cast between. Druden. 
 
 Bitumen is a body that readily takes fire, yields 
 
 an oil, and is soluble in water. 
 
 Wifodward. 
 
 B L A 
 
 Bitu'minous. adj. [from bitumen.] Hav- 
 ing tlie nature and qualities of bitiunen , 
 compounded of bitumen. 
 
 Naphtha, which was tlie //if iiminouj mortar used 
 in the walls of iSabylon, grows to an entire and 
 very hard matter, like a stone. Bac<m. 
 
 'f he fruitage fair to sight, like that which grew 
 Near that bituminmts lake, where Sodom Sam'a. 
 
 MUUm. 
 Bival'vk. adj. [from binus and vahce, 
 Lat.] Having two valves or shutters: 
 a term used of those fish that have two 
 shells, as oysters ; and of those plants 
 whose seed pods open their whole length, 
 to discharge their seeds, as jjeas. 
 
 In the cavity lies loose the shell of some sort of 
 bivalve, larger than could be introduced in at those 
 holes. WoodKard. 
 
 BivALVULAR. adj. [from bivalve] Hav- 
 ing two valves. Did, 
 
 Bi'xwoRT. w. .s. An herb. 
 
 Bi'zANTTNE. n.s. [more properly spelt 
 byzantine; from liyzantium.] A great 
 piece of gold valued at fifteen pound, 
 which the kingoffereth upon high festival 
 days; it is yet called a bizantine, which 
 anciently was a piece of gold coined by the 
 emperours of Constantinople. L'amdtn. 
 
 To BLAB. V. a. [blabberen, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To tell what ought to be kept secret- 
 it usually implies rather thoughtlessness 
 than treachery ; but may be used in 
 either sense. 
 
 The gaudy, blabbing, and remorseful day 
 Is crept into the bosom of the sea. Shakesp. 
 
 Thy dues be done, and none left out. 
 Ere tlie blabbing eastern scout 
 The nice morn on the Indian steep, 
 From lier cabin'd loophole peep. MtUcm. 
 
 Nature has made man'^ breast no windorcs. 
 To publish what he does within doors ; 
 Nor what dark secrets there inhabit. 
 Unless his own rash folly blab it. Hudibra$. 
 
 Sorrow nor joy can be disguis'd by art, 
 Our foreheads blab the secrets of our heart. Dryd. 
 
 It is unlawful to give any kind of religious wor- 
 ship to a creature ; but the very indices of the fa- 
 thers cannot escape the index ' eipurgatoriiu, for 
 blabbing so great a truth. StiUingHeet. 
 
 Nor wliisiier to the tattling reeds 
 The blackest of all female deeds , 
 Nor blab it on the lonely rocks. 
 Where echo sits, ,uid list'ning mocks. Siciji. 
 
 2. To tell : in a good sense : not used. 
 That delightful engine of her thouglits. 
 
 That blabb'd them w ith such pleasing eloquence, 
 Is torn from forth that pretty hollow cage. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Blab, v. n. To tattle ; to tell tales. 
 
 Your mute I'll be ; 
 When my tongue blabs, Uien let mine eyes not see. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 Blad. n. s. [from the verb] A tell-tale; 
 a thoughtless babbler; a treacherous 
 betrayer of secrets. 
 
 The secret mnn henrelh many confessions ; for 
 who will open himself to a blab, or babbler ? Bacoiu 
 
 To have reveal'd 
 Secrets of man, the secriMs of a friend. 
 Contempt and scorn of all, to be excluded 
 All friendship, and avoided as a blab. ililtott. 
 
 Wiuiever shews me a very ininiisitive bodv, I'll 
 shew him a blab, and one that shall make privacy 
 as publick as a proclamation. L'FMrange. 
 
 I should have gone about shewing my letters, 
 under the charge of secrecy to every blab of mv 
 acquaintance. Swift. 
 
 Bla bber. n. s. [from blab.] A tatler ; a 
 telltale. 
 
 189
 
 B L A 
 
 To Bla'bber. v. 71. To whistle to a 
 
 horse. Skinner. 
 
 Bla'bbermpped. Skinner. See Blob- 
 
 BERLIPPED. 
 BLACK, adj. [blac, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Of the colour of night. 
 
 In tlie twiliglit ui the evening, in the hlack and 
 dark niglit. ProiV7-bs. 
 
 Aristotle lias problems which enquire why the 
 sun makes man 6/ar/(, and not the fire? why it 
 wliitens wax, yet blacks the skin ? Brown. 
 
 2. Dark. 
 
 The heaven was hlach with clouds and wind, 
 and there was a great rain. 1 Kings. 
 
 3. Cloudy of countenance ; sullen. 
 
 She hath abated me of half my train ; 
 L'lok'd bUtck upon me. Sliakesp. 
 
 4. Horrible; wicked; atrocious. 
 Either my country never must be freed. 
 
 Or I consenting to so hlack a deed. Drydt'n. 
 
 5. Dismal; mournful. 
 
 A dire inducliou am I witness to : 
 And win to France, hoping the consequence 
 Will prove as bitter, black, and tragicil. Shake.'.]). 
 
 6. Black and blue. Thecolourofabrui.se; 
 a stripe. 
 
 Mistress Ford, good heart, is beaten black and 
 blue, that you cannot see a white spot about her. 
 .Skake^p. Merry Ifiics o/" IVhuhor. 
 
 And, wing'd with speed and fury, flew 
 To rescue kni'^ht from black and bine. Ilndihras. 
 
 Black-browed, adj. [from black and 
 
 brow.] Having black eye-brows; gloomj'; 
 
 dismal ; threatening. 
 
 Corae_, wntie night ; come, loving, black-brow\l 
 
 night. 
 
 Give me my Romeo. Shakesp. 
 
 'l"hus when a black-brow'd gust begins to rise. 
 White foam at first on the curl'd ocean fries. 
 Then roars the main, the billows mount the skies. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Black-bryony. n. s. [tamnus, Lat.] 
 
 The name of a plant. 
 Black-cattle, n. s. Oxen, bulls, and 
 
 cows. 
 
 The other part of the grazier's business is what 
 we call black-cattle, produces hides, tallow, and 
 beef, for exportation. Swiji. 
 
 Black-earth, n. s. It is every where 
 obvious on the surface of the ground, 
 and what we call mould. Woodward. 
 
 Black-guard, adj. [from black and 
 guard.] A cant word amongst the vul- 
 gar ; by which is implied a dirty fellow ; 
 of the meanest kind. 
 
 Let a black'Unard boy be always about the 
 house, to send on your errands, and go to market 
 for you on rainy days. Swift. 
 
 Black-lead. n. s. [from black and lead.] 
 A mineral found in the lead-mine.-., 
 much used for pencils ; it is not fusible, 
 or not without a very great heat. 
 
 You must first get your black-lead sharjiened 
 finely, and put fast into quills, for your rude and 
 first draui^lu. Peacltarn. 
 
 Bl.a^cil-mail. n. s. A certain rate of mo- 
 ney, corn, cattle, or other consideration, 
 paid to men allied \vith robbers, to be 
 by them protected from the danger of 
 such as usually rob or steal. Cowel/. 
 
 Black-pudding, n.s. [from J/acfr and 
 pudding.] A kind of food made of 
 bliio I and grain. 
 
 Tliou^h they were lin'd with many a piece 
 Of Hiuniunition bread and cheese, 
 And f.it blnck-pnddin^s, proper food 
 fur warriours that delight in blood. Hndihvas. 
 
 Black- ROD. n. s. [itom black a.nA rod. 1 
 
 B L A 
 
 The usher belon_i;ing to the order of the 
 garter; so called from the black rod ht 
 carries in his hand. He is of the king's 
 chamber, and Hkewise usher of the par- 
 liament. CowelL 
 Black, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A black colour. 
 
 Black is the badge of hell, 
 The hue of duntie<ms, and I'le scowl of uight.^ftafc. 
 For the prodiiclioii of 6/ac/;, the corpuscles must 
 be less than any uf those which exhibit colours. 
 
 Neivton. 
 
 2. Mourning. 
 
 Rise, wretched widow, rise ; nor, undeplor'd, 
 Permit my ghost to pass the Stygian ford : 
 But rise, prepar'd in hUtck to mourn thy perish'd 
 lord. Vryden. 
 
 3. A blackamoor, 
 
 4. That part of the eye which is black. 
 
 It suffices that i' ]»e in c\ct\ part of the air, 
 \\hich is as big as thefc/ac^orsightof the e\e Vighy. 
 
 To Black, r. a [from the noun.] To 
 make black; to blacken. 
 
 Blacking over the paper with ink, not on!}- the ink 
 would be (piickiy dried up, hut the paper that I 
 coiddnot burn before, we (piickiy set on fire. Boyle. 
 
 Then in his fury black'd the raven o'er, 
 And bid him prate in his white plumes no more. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Bla'ckamoor. n. s. [from black and 
 3Ioor.] A man by nature of a black 
 complexion ; a negro. 
 
 Thev are no more afraid of a hlackamore, or a 
 lion, tlum of a nurse or a c-%t. hockc. 
 
 Bla'ckberried H€ath,[empetrum, Lat.] 
 The name of a plant, 
 
 Bla'ckberry Bush. n. s. [rubus, Lat.] 
 A species of bramble. 
 
 Bla'ckberry. n. s. The fruit of the 
 bramble. 
 
 The policy of these crafty sneering rascals, thaf 
 stale old mouse-eaten cluesc Nestor, and that 
 same dog-fox Ulysses, is not proved worth a fi/^cA.- 
 hervxj. Shakesp. 
 
 Then sad he sung the Children in the AVood ; 
 How hlackboTies they pluck'd in desarts wild, 
 And fearless at the glittering faulchion smil'd. Gnu. 
 
 Bla'ckbird. 71. s. [from black and bird.] 
 The name of a bird. 
 
 Of singing bird^, thev iiave linnets, gold-fmehes, 
 blackhirdSf thrushes, and divers others. Careiv. 
 
 A sciioolbov ran unto 't, and thought 
 The crib was down, the blackbird caught. Swift. 
 
 To Blacken, v. a. [from black.] 
 
 1. To make of a black colour. 
 
 BIcss'd by aspiring winds, he finds the strand 
 Biickened by crow ds. Prior. 
 
 AVhile the lo'ig fun'rals blacken all the way. Pope. 
 
 2. To darken ; to cloud. 
 
 That little cloud that appeared at first to Elijah's 
 servant no bigger than a man's hand, but pre- 
 sently after grew, and spread, and blackened tiie 
 face of the w-hole heaven. South. 
 
 ''J. To defame, or make infamous. 
 
 Let us bUicke7i him wiiat we can, said that mis- 
 creant Harrison of the blessed king, upon the 
 wording and drawing up his charge against his 
 approacliing trial. South. 
 
 The morals blacken d, w hen the wrilhigs 'scape. 
 The libell'd person, and the pictur'd shape. Pope. 
 
 To Bla'cken. r. n. To groAv black, 
 or dark. 
 
 The hollow sound 
 Sung in the leaves, the forest shook around, 
 Air blackend, roll'd the thunder, groan'd the 
 ground. Dryden. 
 
 Bla'ckish. adj. [^romblack.] Somewhat 
 black. 
 
 Part of it all the year continues iu the form of a 
 blacki^ oiL * Boyle. 
 
 B L A 
 
 Bla'ckmoor. 71. s. [from black and ' 
 jMoor.] A negro. 
 
 The land of Chus makes no part of .\frica ; nor 
 is it the habitation of blacknwars ; but the country 
 of Arabia, especially the Happy and Stony. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 IVIore to west 
 The realm of Bacchus to tlie blachnwr sea. MilUm. 
 Bla'ckness. n.s. [from black.] 
 I. Black colour. 
 
 BUicknesshonly a disposition to absorb, or stifle 
 
 without reflection, most of the rays of everv sort 
 
 that fall on the bodies. Locke 
 
 There would emerge one or more very black 
 
 spots, and, within those, other spots of an iiitenser 
 
 blackness. Newton. 
 
 His tongue, his prating tongue, had chang'd him 
 
 quite 
 
 To soofy blackness from the purest white. Addison. 
 
 i. Darlcness. 
 
 His faults in liira seem as the spots of heav'n, 
 
 IVIore fiery by night's blackness. Shakesp. 
 
 3 Atrociousness; horribleness; wickedness. 
 
 Bla'cksmith. n. s. [from black and 
 
 smilh. A smith that works in iron ; so 
 
 called from being veiy smutty. 
 
 The blacksmith may foreewhathe pleases. Howel. 
 
 Shut up thy doors with bars and bolts ; it will 
 
 be impossible for the blacksmith to moke thcni so 
 
 fast, but :i cat and a whoreniaster will liiid a way 
 
 tlirough them. Spectator. 
 
 Bla'cktail. n. s. [from black and tail.] 
 
 A fish ; a kind of perch, by some called 
 
 ruff'.t, or popes. See Pope. I>ict. 
 
 Bla'ckthorn. n. s. [from hlack and 
 
 ihorn.] The same with the sloe. See 
 
 Plum, of which it is a species. 
 
 Bla'dder. n.s. [blabbjie, Saxon ; blader, 
 
 Dutch.] 
 1. That vessel in the body which contains 
 the urine. 
 
 The bladder should be made of a membranous 
 substance, and extremely dilatable, for receiving 
 and containing the urine till an opportunity of 
 einpt\ iiig it. Hay. 
 
 '1. It is often filled -with -wind, to wliich 
 allusions are frequently made. 
 
 That huge great body which the giant bure 
 Was vanquisird quite, and of that monstrous mass 
 Was nothing left, but like an empty bladder was. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 A bladder but moderately filled with air, and 
 strongly tied, being held nea*r the tire, grew exceed- 
 ing turgid and hard ; but being brought nearer to 
 the fire, it suddenly broke, with so loud a noise as 
 made us for a while after almost deaf. Boyle. 
 
 3. It is usu.tl for those, that learn to swim, to 
 support themselves with blown bladders. 
 
 I have ventur'd, 
 Ijke little wanton boys that swim on bladders. 
 These many summers in a sea of glory. 
 But far beyond my depth : my highblown pride 
 At length broke under me. " Shakesp. 
 
 4. A blister ; a pustule. 
 Bladder-nut. n.s. {staphylodendron, 
 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 
 Bladder-sena. n. s. [colutea, Lat] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 BLADE, n. s. [blaeb, bleb. Sax. bled, Fr.] 
 The spire of grass before it grows to seed ; 
 the green shoots of corn which rise from 
 the seed. This seems to be the primi- 
 tive signification of the word blade ; from 
 which, I believe, the blade of a sword 
 was first named, because of its similitude 
 in shape; and, from theblade of a sword, 
 tliat of other weapons or tools. 
 
 190
 
 B L A 
 
 There is hardly found a plant that yieldethared 
 juice in the blac{e or ear, except it be the tree that 
 Deareth sanguis dracoms. Bncon 
 
 Send in the feeding flocks betimes, t' invade 
 The rising bulk of the luxuriant blade. Dryden 
 
 If we were able to dive into her secret recesses 
 we sliould find that the smallest blade of grass, or 
 most contemptible weed, has its particular use. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Hung on ever}' spray, on every blade 
 Of grass, the nnriad dcwdrops twinkle round. 
 
 Tlwjnsim. 
 
 Blade, n. s. [blatte. Germ, blad, Dutch.] 
 
 1. The sharp or striking part of a weapon 
 or instrument, distinct from the liandle. 
 It is usually taken for a weapon, and so 
 called probably from the likeness of a 
 sword blade to a bl^de of gi-ass. It is 
 commonly applied to the knife. 
 
 He sought all round about, liis thirsty blade 
 To bathe in blood of faitliless enemy. 
 
 ' Fairi/ Queen. 
 
 Slie knew the virtue of her blade, nor would 
 Pollute her sabre with ignoble blood. JJiydeti. 
 
 Be liis this sword, whuse blade of brass displays 
 A ruddy gleam, whose hilt a silver blaze. Pope. 
 
 2. A brisk man, either fierce or gay, called 
 so in contempt. So we say mettle for 
 courage. 
 
 You'll find yourself mistaken, Sir, if you'll take 
 upon you to judge of these blades by their garbs, 
 looks, and outward appearance. L' Estrange. 
 
 Then, tumiiig about to the hangman, he said. 
 Dispatch me, 1 pri'thee, this trouolesome blade. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Blade of the Shoulder. 1 n. s. The bone 
 Bladebone. j called by ana- 
 
 tomists the scapula, or scapular bone. 
 
 He fell most furiously on the broiled relicks of a 
 shoulder of mutton, commonly called a bladebone. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Blade, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 furnish or fit with a blade. 
 Bl.Vded. adj. [from blade. "] Having 
 blades or spires. 
 
 Her silver visage in the wat'ry glass, 
 Decking with liouid pearl the bladed grass. Shah. 
 As where the lightning runs along the ground. 
 Nor bliuled grass, nor bearded corn succeeds, 
 But scales of scurf and putrefaction breeds. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Blain. n.s. [blegene. Sax. bleyne, Dutch.] 
 A pustule ; a botch ; a blister. 
 
 Itches, blains, 
 Sow all th' Atheaian bosoms, and the crop 
 Be genera] leprosy. Shakeip. 
 
 Botches and blains must all his flesh imboss. 
 And all his people. Milton. 
 
 ^^'hene'e^ 1 hear a rival nam'd, 
 1 feel my body all inflam'd ; 
 ^Vhicll breaking out in boils and blains^ 
 With yclluw tilth my linen stains. Swift. 
 
 Bla'mable. adf. [from blame.] Culpa- 
 ble ; faulty. 
 
 Virtue is placed between two extremes, which 
 are on both sides equally blamable. Dryden. 
 
 Bla'mableness. n. s. [from blamable.] 
 Fault; the state of being liable to 
 blame; culpableness ; faultiness. 
 
 Bla'mably. adi: [from blamable.] Cul- 
 pably ; in a manner liable to censure. 
 
 A process may be carried on against a person, 
 that is maliciously or blamahli) absent, even to a 
 definitive sentence. iutife 
 
 To BLAME. V. a. [blamer. Ft.] 
 
 1. To censure; to charge with a fault: it 
 generally implies a slight censure. 
 
 Our pow- r 
 Shall do a court'sy to our wrath, w hich men 
 May blame, but not coatroiil. Shakesp. 
 
 B L A 
 
 Porphyrius, you too far did tempt yonr fate ; 
 *Tis true^ vour duty to me it became ; 
 But, praising that, I must your conduct blame. 
 
 Dryden, 
 Each finding, like a friend, 
 Somethuig to hlame, and something lo commend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To blame has usually the particle for 
 before the fault, 
 
 T\\e reader must not blame me for making use 
 here uU alung o( the word scntiftient. Locke. 
 
 3. Sometimes, but rarely, of. 
 
 Tonioreus he blamed cf inconsiderate rashness, 
 for that he would husy fiimself in matters not be- 
 longing to his vocation. Knollcs'i Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 Blame, n. s, [from the verb.] 
 X. Imputation of a fault. 
 
 In arms, the praise of success is shared araone 
 many ; yet the blamt of misadventures is charged 
 upon one. Haijuard. 
 
 Thev lay the blame on the poor Illtle ones, 
 sometfjiies passionately enough, to divert it from 
 themselves. Locke. 
 
 2. Crime; that which produces or deserves 
 censure. 
 
 Who would not judge us to be discharged of all 
 blame, which arc confest to have no great fault, 
 even by their very word and testimony, in whose 
 eyes no fault of ours hath ever hitherto been ac- 
 customed to seem small. Hooker. 
 
 X unspcak mine own detraction ; here abjure 
 The taints and blames I laid upon myself, 
 For strangers to m^' nature. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Hurt. Not now in use. 
 
 Therewith upon Ins crest 
 With rigour so outras^eous he smit, 
 That a large share it hew'd out of the rest. 
 And glancino; down his shield, from blame him 
 fairlv blest. Fairij Queen. 
 
 4. There is a peculiar structure of this 
 word, in which it is not very evident 
 whether it be a noun or a verb, but I 
 conceive it to be the noun. To blame, 
 in French a tort ; culpable ; worthy of 
 censure. 
 
 You were tn hlame, 1 must be plain with you. 
 To part so slightly with your wife's first gift. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 I do not ask whether they were mistaken ; but, 
 w hether they were to blame in tlie manner. 
 
 Stilling feet. 
 Now we should hold them much toblame. 
 If they went back before they came. Priirr. 
 
 Bla'mefvl. adj, [from &/fl/«f and /«//.] 
 Criminal; guilty; meriting blame. 
 
 Is not the causer of these timeless deatlis 
 As blameful as the executioner ? Shakesp. 
 
 Bluntwitted lord, ignoble in demeanour. 
 If ever lady wrong'd her lord so much. 
 Thy mother ifaok mto Uor blameful bed 
 Some stern untutor'd churl. ' Shakesp. 
 
 Bla'meless. adj. [from blame,'] 
 
 1. Guiltless; innocent; exempt from cen- 
 sure or blame. 
 
 She found out the righteous, and preserved him 
 blameless unto God. IlWiwt, x. 5. 
 
 The flames ascend on either altar clear, 
 While thus the blameless maid address'd her prav'r. 
 
 Drtjden. 
 
 Such a lessening of our coin will deprive great 
 numbers of blatneless men of a fifth part of their 
 estates. ^ ^ _ Locke. 
 
 2. Sometimes it is used with of. 
 
 V. e will be blameless (/this thine oath. 
 
 Jtishua, ii. 17. 
 
 Bla'melesly. adv. [from blameless.] 
 Innocently; without crime. 
 
 It is the wilful opposing exjtlicit articles, and 
 not the not believing theniwhen not revealed, or 
 not with that conviction, against which he cannot 
 blameleslu, without pertinacy, hold out. that will 
 bring danger of ruin on any. Hammond. 
 
 B L A 
 
 Bla'melesness. n. s. [from blame- 
 less.] Innocence ; exemption from cen- 
 sure. 
 
 Having resolved, with him in Homer, that all i'l 
 chargeable on Jupiter and fate, thej infer, with 
 him, the blamelesness of the inferiour a^ent. Ilamtn. 
 
 Blamer. ti. s. [from blame.] One that 
 blames or finds fault ; a censurer. 
 
 In me you've hallowed a pagait muse, 
 And denizon'd a stranger, who niistaught 
 Bv hlamers of the limes tliey raarr'd, hath sought 
 Virtues in corners. Donne. 
 
 Bla.MEWo'rthy. adj. [from blame antl 
 wort hi/.] Culpable; blamable; wortliy 
 of blame or censure. 
 
 Altliough the same should be htamercorthy, yet 
 this age hath forbom to incur the danger of an^ 
 such blame. Hoo^r. 
 
 To BL.ANCH v. a. [llanchir, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To whiten ; to change from some other 
 coloiu- to white. 
 
 You can behold such sights. 
 And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks, 
 N\ hen mnie is blanch'd with fear. Shahesji. 
 
 A nav of whiting wax cheaply may be of use ; 
 and we ^lave set down the practice of tradesmen 
 who blanch it. Boyle. 
 
 And sin's black dye seems blanch'd bv age to 
 virtue. " iDruden. 
 
 2. To strip or peel such things as have 
 husks. 
 
 Their suppers may be bisket, raisins of the sun, 
 and a few blanched almonds. Wiseman. 
 
 3. To slur; to balk; to pass over ; to shift 
 away. Not now in use. 
 
 The judges lliought it dangerous to admit ifs 
 and ands, to qualify treason ; whereby every one 
 might express bis malice, and blamch liis daiiger. 
 
 Eacon. 
 
 You are not transported in an action that warms 
 the blood, and is appearing holy, to blanch, or 
 take for admitted, the point of lawfulness. Bacon. 
 
 To Blanch, v. n. To evade ; to shift ; 
 to speak soft. 
 Optimi consiliarii nwrtui ; books will speak plain, 
 
 when counsellors blajich. Bacon. 
 
 Bla'ncher. n. s. [from blanch.] A 
 whitener. Diet. 
 
 BL.AND. adj. [blandus, Lat.] Soft; 
 mild ; gentle. 
 
 In her face excuse 
 Came, prologue, and apology too prompt ; 
 Which,with ttoui words at will, she thus address'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 An even calm 
 Peri eliial reign'd, save what the rephyrs bland 
 Breath'd o'er the blue expanse. Thomsim. 
 
 To Blandish, r. a. [blandior, Lat.] To 
 smooth; to soften. I have met with 
 this word in no other passage. 
 
 jNIusl'ring all her wiles, 
 With blandish'd parleys, feminine assaults, 
 "Tongue-batteries, she surceas'd not day nor night 
 To storm me over-«;!tch'd, and weary "d out. Milt. 
 
 Bl.\'xdishment. n.s. [{rom blandish : 
 blanditicv, Lat.] 
 
 1. Act of fondness; ex7)ression of tender- 
 ness b)' gesture. 
 
 The little babe ur in his arms he bent, 
 Whii, with sweet pleasure and bold bUtndahment, 
 'Can smile. Spenser. 
 
 Each bird and beast, behold 
 Ajiproachinc two and two ; these cow 'ring l.iw 
 "W ith blandishment. Milton. 
 
 2. Soft W'ords ; kind speeches. 
 
 He was both well and fair spoken, and would 
 use strange sweetness and blandisliment of words, 
 w here he desired to elTect or persuade any thing 
 tliat he took to heart. 'B.ic(m. 
 
 3. Kind treatment ; caress. 
 
 J9l
 
 B L A 
 
 Him Dido now witii blunclishment detains ; 
 But I suspect the town wlicre Juno reigns. Drtid. 
 
 In order to bring tliose infidels witliin tlic wide 
 circle of wliigfrisii community, neitlicr blandish- 
 vienls nor promises are omitted.. ^'"f'- 
 
 BL.\NK. adj. [blanc, Fr. derived by Me- 
 nage from Albianus, thus: Albianus, 
 albianicus, bianicus, hiancus, bianco, 
 blanicus, blancus, blanc; by others, from 
 hlanc, whicli, in Danish, signifies shin- 
 ing ; in conformity to wliich, the Ger- 
 mans have blanckir to shine ; the 
 Saxons, blaecan ; and the English, bleach 
 to whiten.] 
 
 1. White. 
 
 To the blank moon 
 Her office tiiey prescribed ; to th' otlier five 
 Their planetary motions. Milton. 
 
 2. Witiiout writing; unwritten; empty 
 of all marks. 
 
 Our substitutes at home shall have blank charters. 
 Whereto, when they know that men arc rich, 
 They shall subscrib"e them for large sums of gold. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Upon the debtor side, I find innumerable arti- 
 cles ; but, upon the creditor side, little more than 
 blank paper. , Addison. 
 
 3. Pale; confused; crushed; dispu-ited ; 
 subdued ; depressed. 
 
 There without sucli boast, or sign of joy, 
 Solicitous and blank, he thus began. Milton. 
 
 Adam, soon as he heard 
 The fatal trespass done by Eve, araaz'd, 
 Astonied stood, and blank, while horrour chill 
 Ran through his veins, and all his joints relax'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 But now no face divine contentment wears ; 
 'Tis all blank sadness, or continual fears. Pope. 
 
 4. Without rhyme; where the rhyme is 
 blanched, or missed. 
 
 The lady shall say her mind freely, or the blank 
 
 verse shall halt for it. ^ Shukesp. 
 
 Long have your ears been filled with tragick 
 
 parts ; 
 
 Blood and fciun'tverse have harden'd all your hearts. 
 
 Addison. 
 Our blank verse, where there is no rhyme to sup- 
 port the expression, is extremely difficult to such 
 as are not masters in the tongue. Addison. 
 
 Blank, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A void space on paper. 
 
 I cannot write a paper full as I used to do ; and 
 yet I will not forgive a blank of half an inch from 
 you. Sw'ift. 
 
 2. A lot, by which nothing is gained : 
 which has no prize marked upon it. 
 
 If you have heard your general talk of Rome, 
 And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks 
 My name hath touch'd your ears. Shakesp. 
 
 In fortune's lottery lies 
 \ heap of blanks, like this, for one small prize. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 The world the coward will despise. 
 When life 's a blank, who pulls not for a prize. 
 
 Vrydcn. 
 
 3. A paper from which the writing is 
 effaced. 
 
 She has left him 
 The blajik of what he was ; 
 I tell thee, emiuch, she has quite unraann'd him. 
 
 Drf^den. 
 
 4. A paper unwritten ; any thing without 
 marks or characters. 
 
 For him, I think not on him ; for his thoughts, 
 
 AVouIti they were blanks, rather than fiU'd with 
 
 nie. Shakesp. 
 
 Omission t» do what is necessary. 
 
 Seals a commission to a blank of danger. Shakesp. 
 
 For the buok of knowledge fair, 
 Fresented with an universal blank 
 Of nature's works, to meexpung'd and ras'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 B L 2\ 
 
 Life may be one great blank, whicli, though not 
 blotted with sin, is ^'et without any characters of 
 grace or virtue. Rogers. 
 
 5. The pointto which an arrowis directed ; 
 so called, because, to be more visible^ it 
 was marked with white. Now disused. 
 
 Slander, 
 Whose whisper o'er the world's diameter. 
 As level as the cannon to his blank, 
 Transports its poison'd shot. Shakesp, 
 
 6. Aim; shot. Not used. 
 
 The harlot king 
 Is quite beyond my aim ; out of the blank 
 And level of my brain. Shakesp. 
 
 I iiave spoken for you all my best, 
 And stood witliin the blank of his displeasure, 
 For my free speech. Shakesp. 
 
 7. Object to which any thing is directed. 
 Sec better, Lear, and let nie still remain 
 
 The true blank of thine eye. Shakesp. 
 
 To Blank, v. a, [from blank; hlanchir, 
 
 1. To damp; to confuse; to dispirit. 
 
 Each opposite, that blanks the face of joy, 
 JMeet what I would have well, and it destroy. Sliak. 
 
 Dagon must stoop, and shall ere long receive 
 Such a discomfit, as shall (juite despoil him 
 Of all these boasted trophies won on me. 
 And with confusion blank his worshippers. Milton. 
 
 If the atheist, when he dies, should find that 
 his soul remains, how will this man be amazed and 
 blanked ! Tillotson. 
 
 2. To efface; to annul. 
 
 All former purposes w ere blanked, the governour 
 at a bay, and all that charge lost and cancelled. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Bl.Vnket. n. s. \blanchette, Fr.] 
 i. A wooUen cover, soft, and loosely wo- 
 ven, spread commonly upon a bed, over 
 the linen sheet, for the procurement of 
 warmth. 
 
 Norheav'n peep through the 6!ante of the dark. 
 To cry, hold ! hold ! Shakesp. 
 
 The abilities of man must fail short on one side 
 or other, like too scanty a blanket when you are a- 
 bed ; if you pull it upo'n your sliouldcrs, yuu leave 
 your feet bare ; if you th'rust it dowu upon your 
 f'eet, your shoulders are uncovered. Temple, 
 
 Himself among tlie storied chiefs he spies. 
 As from the blanket high in air he flies. Pope. 
 
 2. A kind of pear, sometimes written 
 
 blanguet. 
 To Bla'nket. !'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To cover with a blanket. 
 
 Wy face I'll grime with filth ; 
 Blanket my lu'ins ; tie all my hair in knots. Shak. 
 
 2. To toss in a blanket, by way of penalty 
 or contempt. 
 
 Ah, oh ! he cry'd ; what street, what lane, but 
 knows 
 Our purgings, pumpings, blanketings, and blows ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bla'nkly. adv. [from blank.] In a 
 
 blank manner ; with whiteness ; with 
 
 paleness; with confusion. 
 
 To Blare, v. n. blarcn, Dutch.] To 
 
 bellow ; to roar. Skin7ier. 
 
 To BLASPHEME, v. a. [blasphcmo, low, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To speak in terms of impious in'ever- 
 ence of God. 
 
 2. To speak evil of. 
 
 The truest issue of thy throne 
 By his own interdiction stands accurs'd. 
 And dues blaspheme his breed. Shakesp. 
 
 'I'hose who from our labours heap their board, 
 Blaspheme their feeder, and forget their lord. Pope. 
 
 To Blaspheme, v. »j. To speak blas- 
 phemy. 
 
 B L A 
 
 Ltvcr o( blaspheming 3ew. Shukesp. 
 
 I punished them oft in every synagogue, and 
 
 compelled them to blaspheme. Acts. 
 
 Blasphe'mer. n. s. [from blaspheme.] 
 A wretch that speaks of God in impious 
 and irreverent terras. 
 
 \\ lio was before a blasphemer, and a persecutor, 
 and injurious. i Timothv- 
 
 Even that blasphemer himself would inwardly 
 reverence his reprover, as he in his heart really 
 despises him for his cowardly base silence. South. 
 
 Deny the curst blasphemers tongue to rage. 
 And turn God's fury from an impious age. Tickelt 
 
 Should each blasphcyiier quite escape the rod, 
 Because the insult 's not to man, but God ? Pope 
 
 Bla'sphemous. adj. [from blaspheme. 
 It is usually spoken with the accent on 
 the first syllable, but used by Milton 
 with it on the second.] Impiously irre- 
 verent with regard to God. 
 
 O man, take heed how thou the gods dost move. 
 To cause full wrath, which thou can'st not resist ; 
 Blasphemous words the speaker vain do jjiove. Sidn. 
 
 And dar'st thou to the Son of God propound 
 To worship thee accurst ; now more accurst 
 For this attempt, bolder than that on Eve, 
 And more blasphemous? 11 Milton. 
 
 A man can hardly pass the streets, w ithout hav- 
 ing his ears grated, with horrid and blasphemous 
 oaths and curses. Tillotson. 
 
 That any thing that wears the name of a 
 christian, or but of man, should venture to own 
 such a villainous, impudent, and blasphemous asst^r- 
 tion in the face of the world, as this ! South. 
 
 Bla'sphemously. adv. [from blas- 
 pheme.] Impiously ; with wicked irre- 
 verence. 
 
 Where is the right use of his reason, while he 
 would blasnhemouslu set up to controul the com- 
 mands of tlie Almighty ? Swift. 
 
 Bla'sphemy. w. s. [from blaspheme.] 
 
 Blasphemu, strictly and properly, is an offering 
 of some indignit3', or injury, unto God himself, 
 either by words or writing. _ Aylijf'e. 
 
 But that my heart 's on future mischief set, 
 I would speak blasphemy, ere bid you fly ; 
 But fly you must. Shakesp. 
 
 Intrinsick goodness consists in accordance, and 
 sin in contrariety, to the secret will of God ; or 
 else God could not be defined good, so far as his 
 thoughts and secrets, but only superficially good, 
 as far as he is pleased to reveal himself, vvhich is 
 jterfect blasphemy to imagine. Hamnumd, 
 
 BLAST, n. s. [from blaej-r, Sax. blasen. 
 Germ, to blow.] 
 
 1. A gust or puff of wind. 
 
 They that stand high have many blasts to shake 
 them J 
 And if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Welcome, thein. 
 Thou unsubstantial air, that I embrace ; 
 The w retch that thou hast blown unto the worst 
 Owes nothing to thy blasts. Shakesp. 
 
 Perhaps thy fortune doth controul the winds. 
 Doth loose or'bind their blasts in secret cave. Faiij. 
 Three ships were hurry 'd by the southern blast. 
 And on the secret shelve's with fury cast. Dryden. 
 
 2. The sound made byblowingany instru- 
 ment of wind musick. 
 
 In peace there 's nothing so becomes a man. 
 As modest stillness and humility^ ; 
 But when the blast of war blows in our ears. 
 Then imitate the action of the tyger. Shakesp. 
 
 He blew his trumpet — the angelick blast 
 Fill'd all the regions. Milton. 
 
 The Veline fountains, and sulphureous Nar, 
 Shake at the baleful blast, the signal of the war. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Whether there he two dift'erent goddesses called 
 Fame, or one goddess sounding two different 
 
 192
 
 B L A 
 
 trumpets, it is certain vill;iinj has as good a title 
 to a olast from the proper trumpet, as virtue ha» 
 from the former. Swift. 
 
 3. The stroke of a malignant planet; the 
 infection of any thing pestilential, [from 
 tlie verb To I/last.] 
 By the blast of God they perish. Jub, 
 
 To Blast, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To strike with some sudden plague or 
 calamity. 
 
 Vou iiinible lightnings, dart your blinding flames 
 Into her scouiful eyes T infect her beauty. 
 You fensuck'd fogs, drawn by the powerful sun, 
 To fall, and blast lier pride. ' Shakesp. 
 
 Oh! Fortius, is there not some chosen curse, 
 Some hidden thunder in the store of heaven. 
 Red with uncommon wrath, to blast the man 
 Who owes his greatness to his country's ruin ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. To make to wither. 
 
 ITpon this blasted heath you stop our w'ay. Sliak. 
 
 And behold seven thin ears, and blasted with 
 
 the east wind, sprung up after them. Genesis 
 
 She that like lightning shin'd, while her face 
 
 lasted, 
 
 The oak now resembles, which lightning had 
 
 blasted. Walter. 
 
 To his green years your censures you would suit. 
 
 Not blast that blossom, but expect the fruit. iJryd. 
 
 Agony unmix'd, incessant gall. 
 Corroding every thought, and blasting all 
 Love's paradise. Thomson. 
 
 3. To injure; to Invalidate; to make in- 
 famous. 
 
 He shews himself weak, if he will take my 
 word, when he thinks I deserve no credit ; or ma- 
 licious, if he knows I deserve credit, and yet goes 
 about to blast it. Stillingfteet. 
 
 4. To cut off; to hinder from coming to 
 maturity. 
 
 This commerce, Jehoshaphat king of Judea en- 
 deavoured to renew ; hut his enlerprize was blast- 
 ed by the destruction of vessels in the harbour. 
 
 Arbnihnot. 
 
 5. To confound; to strike with terrour. 
 
 Trumpeters, 
 With brazen din, blast you the city's ears : 
 filake mingle with your ratt'ling tabourines. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Bla'stment. n. s. [from hlasf.] Blast; 
 sudden stroke of infection. Not now 
 in use. 
 
 In the morn, and liquid dew of youth. 
 Contagious blastnients are most imiiiinent. Shakesp^ 
 
 Bla'tant. adj. [blatlant, Fr.] Bellow- 
 ing as a calf. 
 
 Vou learn'd this language from the blatant 
 
 beast. Vrijd. 
 
 To Bla'tter. I', w. [from hiatrro, Lat.] 
 To roar; to make a senseless noise. It 
 is a woril not now used. 
 
 She rode at peace, through his only pains and 
 excellent endurance, however envy list to blatter 
 against him. Spcw-jer, 
 
 Blattera'tion. n. s. [blattcratio, Lat.] 
 
 Noise; senseless roar. 
 Blay. n. s. [albiirnus.] A small white 
 
 river fish ; called also a bleak. 
 BLAZE, n. s. [blaj-e a torch, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A flame; the light of the flame; bltize 
 implies more the light than the heat. 
 
 The main blaze of it is past ; but a small thing 
 would make it tiame again. Shakesp. Corialanus. 
 
 Thy throne is darkness in th' abyss of lioht, 
 A blaze of glory that forbids the sight. Dri/den. 
 
 What groans of men shall fill the martial field! 
 How fierce a blaze his flaming jjile shall yield ! 
 AViiat fun'ral pomp shall floating Tiber see ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Publication; wide diffusion of report. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B L A 
 
 For what, is glory but the hiize of fame, 
 The peoples praise, if always praise unmixt-' 
 
 Milton. 
 
 3. Blaze is a white mark upon a horse, 
 
 descending from the forehead almost to 
 
 the nose. Farriers Diet. 
 
 To Blaze, v. w. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To flame; to show the lifrht of the flame. 
 
 Thus you may long live an happv instrument 
 for your kinf; and country ; you sliall not be a 
 meteor, or a bUizing star, but sfelUi Jiia ; ha|>py 
 here and more happy hereafter. Jiacon. 
 
 The tiiird fair morn now hluz'd upon the main, 
 Then glossy smootli lay al! the litjuid plain. Pope. 
 •2. To be conspicuous. 
 To Blaze, v. a. 
 
 1. To publish ; to make known ; to spread 
 far and wide. 
 
 The noise of this figlit, and issue thereof, being 
 blazed by the country penple to some noblemen 
 thereabouts, they came thiihcr. Sidmy. 
 
 My words, in hopes to btaze a stedfast mind, 
 This marble chose, as of like temper known. &(rf«ci/. 
 
 Thou shall live, till we can find a time, 
 To blaze your marriage, reconcile your friends, 
 Beg pardon of thy prince, and cafl thee back. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When beggars die, there are no comets seen ; 
 The heav'ns themselves blaze forth the death of 
 princes. Shakesi). 
 
 But lie went out, and began to publish it mucii, 
 and to binze abroad tlie matter. Mark. 
 
 Such nuisick worthiest were to blaze 
 The peerless height of her immortal praise, 
 \Vhose lustre leads us. Milton. 
 
 Far beyond 
 The sons of Anak, famous now and blaz'd 
 Fearless of danger, like a petty god 
 I walk'd about. Milton. 
 
 Whose follies, blaz'd about, to all are known, 
 And are a secret to himself alone. Granville. 
 
 But, mor als, know, 'tis still our greatest nridt: 
 To blaze those virtues which the good would hide. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To blazon; to give an account of en- 
 signs armorial in proper terms. This 
 is not now used. 
 
 This, in ancient times, was called a fierce ; and 
 you should then have *dazcd it thus : he bears a 
 fierce, sable, between two fierces, or. Peach um. 
 
 Bla'zer. n. s, [from blaze.] One that 
 spreads reports. 
 
 Utterers of secrets he from tliencc debarr'd. 
 Babblers of folly, and blazers of crime ; 
 ilis larum-bell might loud and wide be heard, 
 When cause requir'd, but never out of time ; 
 Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 To Blazon, r. a. [blasonner, Fr.] 
 
 1. To explain, in proper terms, the figures 
 on ensigns armorial. 
 
 King Edward gave to them the coat of arms, 
 which 1 am not herald enough to blazon into En- 
 glish. AddUion. 
 
 2. To deck; to embellish; to adorn. 
 Slic blazons in dread smiles her hideous form ; 
 
 So lightning gilds the unrelenting storm. Garth. 
 
 3. To display; to set to shoA\. 
 O thou goddess, 
 
 Thon divine nature! how thyself thou blizortst 
 In these two princely bovs ! they as gentle 
 As zephyrs hidwing below the violet, 
 Not wagiiing his sweet head. Shakesp. 
 
 4. To celebrate : to set out. 
 
 One that excels the quirk o( blazoning pens, 
 And in th' essential vesture of creation, 
 Does bear all excellency. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To blaze about; to make publick. 
 
 \Miat 's this but libelling against the senafe, 
 And blazoning our injustice every wliere? Shakes}*. 
 
 Bla'zon. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. The art of drawing or explaining coats 
 of arms. 
 
 B L E 
 
 Proceed unto kea.sti that arc giren in anns,and 
 leach me what I ought to observe in their blazon. 
 
 Feccham. 
 
 2. Show; divulgation; publication, 
 liul this eternal blazon must not be 
 
 To cars of flesh and blood. Shakesp 
 
 3. Celebration; proclamation of some 
 quality. 
 
 I am a gentleman.— 1*11 be sworn thou art ; _ _ 
 Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, action and spirit . 
 Do give thee five-fold bCizon. Shakap, 
 
 I\fen con over their pedigrees, and obtrude the 
 blxizon of their e.tploits upon the company. Collier 
 
 Blazonry, n. s. [from blazon.] The 
 art of blazoniiifr. 
 
 Give certain rules as to the principles of bla- 
 zcmry. J'eacliam on Drawing. 
 
 To Bleach, i'. a. [bleechen. Germ.] To 
 whiten ; commonly to whiten by ex- 
 posure to tlie open air. 
 
 When turtles tread, and rooks and daws; 
 And maidens bleach their summer smocks. S^k. 
 
 Should 1 not seek 
 The clemency of some Mu>re temp'rate clime. 
 To purge my gloom ; and, by the sun refin'd. 
 Bask in his beams, and bleach me in the wind rDri, 
 
 To Bleach, i'. m. To grow white; to 
 grow white in the open air. 
 
 The » hite sheet bleaching in the open field. Sliak. 
 
 For there are various penances eujoin'd ; 
 And some are hung to bUach upon the wind ; 
 Some piung'd in waters. Dryd 
 
 Tiie deadly winter seizes ; shuts up sense ; 
 Lavs him aloni; the snows, a stitfen'd corse, 
 Stretch'd out, and bleaching in the northern blast. 
 
 Thonuan. 
 
 BLE.\K. adj. [blac, blaec, Saxon.] 
 
 I. Pale. 
 
 '2. Cold; chill; cheerless. 
 
 Intreat tlie North 
 To make his bleak «inds kiss my parched lips. 
 And comfort me with cold. Shakesp. 
 
 The goddess that in rural shrine ' 
 Dwell'st here with Pan, or Sylvan, by blest song 
 Forbidding every bleak unkindly fog _ 
 To touch the prosperous growth of tills tall wood. 
 
 Mil tern. 
 
 Her desolation presents us with nothing but bleak 
 and barren prospects. Addiion. 
 
 Say, w ill ye bless the bleak .\tlantick shoie. 
 Or bid the furious Gaul be rnde no more ? Pope 
 Bleak, n. s. [albin-nus, from his white or 
 bleak colour.] A small river fish. 
 
 The bleak, or freshwater sprat. Is ever in motion, 
 and therefore called by some the river swallow. 
 His back is of a pleasant, sad sea-water greet) ; 
 his belly white and shining like the mountain 
 snow. 'Bleaks are excellent meat, and In lies 
 season in August. " alton^ 
 
 Bleakness, n. s. [{rom bleak.] Cold- 
 ness; chilness. 
 
 The inhabitants of Nov» Zembla go naked, 
 without complaining of the bleakness of the air; as 
 the armies of the n'ortliern nations keep the field 
 all winter. Addison. 
 
 Ble'aky. adj. [from bleak.] Beak; 
 cold; chill. 
 
 On shrubs thev hrowze, and, on the bUaku top 
 Of runoed hills, "the thorny bramble crop. Vri/d. 
 
 BLEAK, adj. [blan; a blister, Dutch.] 
 
 1. Dim with rheum or water; sore with 
 
 rheum. 
 
 It is a tradiiion that blear eyes affect sound 
 eves. Bacon. 
 
 ' It is no more in the power of calumny to blast 
 the dignity of an honest man, than of the hle<ir 
 eyed owl to cast scandal on the sun. VEstrange. 
 ' His blear eyes ran in gutters to his chin ; 
 His beard was stubble, and his checks were thin. 
 
 Vrtfden. 
 When thon shatt see theWrtirey'd fathers teach 
 Their sons this harsh aiMl mouldy sort of speech. 
 
 Dn/den. 
 
 Cc 
 
 193
 
 B L E 
 
 2. Dim ; obscure in general ; or that 
 which makes dimness. 
 
 Tlius I liurl 
 M^' dazzling spells into the- spongy air, 
 Ot (lowtT to cheat the eye with blear illusion, 
 An'l give it false ]>resentiiienls. Milton. 
 
 Tu Bi.KAR. r. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1 . To make the eyes watry, or sore witli 
 rlieuni. 
 
 All tongues speak of iiim, and the bleared siglits 
 Are spectacled to see hini. Shakesp. 
 
 The Dardanian wives, 
 \\'ith bleared visages, come forth to view 
 Th' issue of th' exploit. Shakesp. 
 
 When I was yoinig, T, like a lazy fool. 
 Would blear my eyes with oil, to slay from school ; 
 Averse to pains. ' Drifdcn. 
 
 2. To dim the eyes. 
 
 This may stacd for a pretty superficial argu- 
 ment, to blear our eyes, and lull us asleep in se- 
 curity. Raleigli. 
 Ble'aredness. 71. s. [from bleared.] 
 The state of being bleared, or diiinmed 
 with rheum. 
 
 The defluxion falling upon the edges of the eye- 
 lids, makes a blearediiess. Wiseman 
 
 To Bleat, v. n. [blaran. Sax.] To cry 
 as a sheep. 
 We were as twiun'd lambs, that did frisk i' ih' 
 suit, 
 And bleat the one at th' other. Shahesp. 
 
 Vou may as vvell use question with the wolf. 
 Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb. 
 
 .Shakesp. Merch. J'cnice. 
 
 While on sweet grass her bleating charge does lie, 
 
 Our happy lover feeds upon her eye. Rascotnmon. 
 
 What bull dares bellow, or what sheep dares 
 
 bleat 
 
 Within the lion's den r Dryden. 
 
 Bleat. 7i.s. [from the verb.] The cry 
 
 of a sheep or lamb. 
 
 Set in my ship, mine ear reach'd, where we rode. 
 The bellowing of oxen, and the bleat 
 Of fleecy sheep. Chapman. 
 
 Bleb. n. s. [blaen, to swell. Germ.] A 
 blister. Skiinier. 
 
 Blep. preterite and particip. [from To 
 Meed.] 
 
 Tv Bleed, v. n. pret. / bled; I have 
 bled, [bkban, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . To lose blood ; to run with blood. 
 
 I bleed inwardly for my lord. Shakesp. 
 
 Bleed, bleed, poor country ! 
 Great tytanny, lay thou thy basis sure ; 
 For goodness "dare not check thee ! Shakesp. 
 
 -Many, upon the seeing of others bleed, or stran- 
 gled, or tortured, themselves are ready to faint, as 
 iV they bled. Bacon. 
 
 2. To die a violent death. 
 
 The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day ; 
 Had he thy reason, would he skip and play ? Pope. 
 
 3. To lose blood medicinally; as, he bled 
 for a fever. 
 
 4. To drop, as blood. It is applied to 
 any thing that drops from somebody on 
 incision, as blood from an animal. 
 
 For nie the balm shall bleed, and amber flow. 
 The coral redden, and the ruby glow. Pope. 
 
 7b Bleed, v. a. To let blood; to take 
 
 blood from. 
 That froni a patriot of di^tinguisii'd note, 
 
 Ifave bled, and purg'd me to a simple vote. Pope. 
 Bleit. )^ adj. Bashful. It is used in 
 Blate. $ Scotland, and the bordering 
 
 counties. 
 To BLEMISH, v.a. [from blame, Junius; 
 
 from lilenie white, Fr. Skinner.] 
 1. To mark with any deformity. 
 
 B L E 
 
 Likelier that my outward face might have been 
 dispuiscd, than that the face uf so excellent a mind 
 could have been thus hlemislied. Sidncif. 
 
 2. To defame; to tarnish, with respect to 
 reputation. 
 
 Not that my verse would blemish all the fair ; 
 But yet if some be Lad, 'tis wisdom to beware 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Those, who, by concerted defan>ations, endea- 
 vour tu blemish liis ciiaraetor, incur the complicated 
 guilt of slander and (jcrjury, Addison. 
 
 Ble'mish. 7i. s. [iVom the verb.] 
 
 1. A mark of deformity; a scar ; a dimi- 
 nution of beauty. 
 
 A.s he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall 
 it be done to him aj^ain. Leviticus. 
 
 Open it so from the eyelid, that you divide not 
 tiint ; for, in so doing, you will leave a remediless 
 htemish. ' Wiseman. 
 
 2. Reproach; disgrace; imputation. 
 That you have been earnest, should be m> ble- 
 mish or discredit at all unto you, Hooker. 
 
 And if we shall neglect to'projuigatc these bles- 
 sed dispositions, what others can undertake it, 
 without some blemish to us, some reflection on our 
 negligence ? Spratt. 
 
 jNone more industriously publish the blemishes 
 of an e.xtraordinary reputation, than such as lie 
 open to the same censures ; r;using applause to 
 themselves, for resembling a person^of an exalted 
 reputation, though in the blameable parts of his 
 character. uiddison. 
 
 3. A soil; turpitude; taint; deformity. 
 
 First shall virtue be vice, and beauty be counted 
 
 a blemish, 
 
 Ere that I leave with song of praise her praise to 
 
 solemnize. Sidney. 
 
 Live thou, and to thy mother dead attest. 
 
 That clear she died from blemish criminal. FairyQ. 
 
 Is conformif^^ with Rome a blemish unto the 
 
 churcli of England, and unto churches abroad an 
 
 ornament ? Hooker. 
 
 Not a hair perished : 
 On their sustaining garments not a blemish. 
 But fresher than bemre. Shakesp. 
 
 Evadi.e's husband ! 'tis a fault 
 To love, a blemish to my thought. Waller. 
 
 That your duty may no blemish take, 
 I will myself your failier's captive make. Dryden. 
 Such a mirth as this is capable of making a 
 beauty, as well as a blemish, the subject of derision. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To Blench, r. n. To shrink; to start 
 back; to give away : not used. 
 
 I'll observe liis looks ; 
 I'll tent hira to the quick j if he but blench, 
 I kno\y my course. Shakesp. 
 
 Patience herself, what goddess ere she be, 
 Doth lesser blench at sufferance than I do. Shakes. 
 
 Hold you ever to our special drift ; 
 Though somctiiiiesyon do blench from this to that, 
 As cause doth minister. Shakesp. 
 
 To Blench, v.a. To hinder; to ob- 
 struct. Not used. 
 
 The rebels besieged them, winning the even 
 ground on the top, by carrying up great trusses 
 of hay before them, to blench the defendants sight, 
 and dead their shot. Carew. 
 
 To Blend, v. a. preter, I blended; an- 
 ciently, blc7it. [blenban, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To mingle together. 
 
 'Tis hcaut3'^ truly bleiit, whose red and white 
 Nature's own sweet and cunning hand hath laid 
 on. Shuk. 
 
 The mistion taught by the ancients is too slight 
 or gross ; for bodies mixed accordin-^ to their ny- 
 potliesis, would not appear such to the acute eyes 
 of a lynx, who would discern the elements, if 
 they were no otherwise mingled, than but blended 
 but not united. Boyle. 
 
 He had his calmer influence, and his mien 
 Did love and majesty together blend. Dryden. 
 
 The grave, where even the great hiid rest. 
 And blended lie th' oppressor and th' oppress'd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To confound. 
 
 B L E 
 
 The moon sliouUi wander from her beaten way, 
 tlic times and seasons of the year blend themselves 
 by disordered and confused mixture. Hook^, 
 
 3. To pollute; to spoil ; to corrupt. This 
 signification was anciently mum in u3e, 
 but is now wholly obsolete. 
 
 ^Vh^ch wliea he saw, ho burnt with jealous fire ; 
 The eye of reason was with rage ijhUnt. Fairy Q. 
 
 Keeard of worldly mnck doth foully blend, 
 And low abase tlicliigh heroick spirit. Pairrj Q. 
 
 The whilst thy kiu^duin from thy liead is rent, 
 And thy throne royal with dislionuur blent. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Ble'nder. n.s. [from Tu blend.] The 
 
 person that mingles. 
 Blent. The obsolete participle of blend. 
 
 See Blend. 
 To BLESS, v.a. preterite and participle 
 
 blessed or blest, [blej-j-ian, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To make happy; to prosper; to make 
 successful. 
 
 The ([uality uf mercy is not strain'd ; 
 Tt droppeth as tlie gentle rain of heaven i 
 
 Upon tlie place beneath. It is twice bless'd; 
 It blesseth liini lliat gives, and him that takes. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Had I but died an iiour bcffire this cliance, 
 I had lived a blessed time : for, from this instant. 
 There is nothing serious in nrortality. Shakesp, 
 
 This kingdom enjoyed tlie greatest calm, and 
 the fullest measure uf felicity, that any people, in 
 any age, for so long time together, have been 
 ble'ssed with. Clarendon. 
 
 Happy this isle, with such a hero blest ; 
 What virtued wells not in his loyal breast ? 
 
 Waller. 
 
 In vain with folding arms the youth assay'd 
 To stop her fli';ht, and strain the Hying sliade; 
 But she return d no more, to bless his longing eyes. 
 
 J^ryaen. 
 
 O hospitable Jove I we thus invoke. 
 Bless to both nations this auspicious hour. Dryden. 
 
 2. To wi.sh happiness to another; to pro- 
 nounce .a blessing upon him. 
 
 And this is the blessing wherewith Moses the 
 man of God blessed the children uf Israel, before 
 his death. Denteronomy. 
 
 3. To consecrate by a prayer. 
 
 He blessed, and brake, and gave the loaves. Matt. 
 i. To praise ; to glorify for benefits re- 
 ceived; to celebrate. 
 
 Unto us there is one oirly guide of all agents 
 natural, and he both the creator and worker of 
 all in all, alone to be bleised, adored, and honoured 
 by all for ever. ilooke}; 
 
 But hless'd he that great pow'r, that hath us 
 bless'd 
 With longer life than earth and heav'n can have. 
 
 ,Davies. 
 
 5. It seems, in one place of Spenser, to 
 signify the same as to wave; to bran- 
 dish ; to flourish. This signification 
 is taken from an old rite of our Romish 
 ancestors, who blessins a field directed 
 their hands in quick succession to all 
 
 parts of it. 
 
 Whom when the prince to battle new addrcst. 
 And tbreat'ning high his dreadful stroke did see, 
 His sparkling blade about his head he blest. 
 And smote oti' quite his right leg by the knee. 
 
 Fairy Q.uee'i. 
 
 Ble'ssed. particip. adj. [from To bless.] 
 
 1. Happy; enjoying felicity. 
 
 Blessed are the barren. Luke. 
 
 2. Holy and happy ; happy in the favour 
 of God. 
 
 All generations shall call me blessed. Luke, 
 
 3. Happy in the joys of heaven. 
 
 Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord Rev. 
 
 Ble'ssed Thistle, [cnicus, Lat.] The 
 name of a plant. 
 
 194
 
 B L E 
 
 BLE'ssEDtY. adv. [from blessed.] H;ip- 
 pily. 
 
 Tliis accident of Clilophon's taking, had so 
 bltsseillu procured ilicir jneeiin!,'. Sidney. 
 
 Ble'ssedness. n. s. [from Mf.ssetl.] 
 
 1. Happiness; felicity. 
 
 Mnny times have I, leaning to yonder palm, 
 admiri>(l tlie hiesscilncx of it, that it could bear love 
 H'itliout the sense of pnin. Sidney. 
 
 His ovcrlhruw lioap'd happiness upon liim ; 
 For then, and not till tlien, he felt himself. 
 And found tlie btessciincsi uf being little. Shakap. 
 
 2. Sanctity. 
 
 Eartldier happy is tlie rose distill'd. 
 Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn, 
 Grows, lives, :ni<l dies in single blessedness. Shakes. 
 
 3. Heavenly felicity. 
 
 It i^ such an one, as, being begun in grace, 
 passes into glory ,/<If.tse(/nfss,and nuniurtality..Sou(ft. 
 
 4. Divine favour. 
 
 BlesseR. 71. s. [from bless.] He tliat 
 blesses, or gives a blessing; he that 
 makes any thing prosper. 
 
 AVhen thou reccivcst praise, take it indiffer- 
 ently, and return it to God, the giver of the gift, 
 or ble.iser of the action. Tayhr. 
 
 Ble'ssing. n. s. [from bless.] 
 
 1. Benediction ; a prayer by which hap- 
 piness is implored for any one. 
 
 •2. A declaration by which happiness is 
 promised in a prophetic and authorita- 
 tive manner. 
 
 The person that is called, kneeleth down before 
 the chair, and the father la^cth his hand upon his 
 head, or her bead, and givelh Ihe Messing. Bacon. 
 
 3. Any of the means of happiness ; a gift ; 
 advantage ; a benefit. 
 
 Nor are his liiessinf^s to bis bank^ ermfiu'd. 
 Rut free, and common, as the sea and wind. 
 
 Dcnham. 
 
 Political jealousy is very reasonable in persons 
 pereuaded of the excellency of their constitution, 
 wlio believe that they derive from it the most 
 valuable blessings of society. _ Addison. 
 
 A just and wise magistrate is a blessing as ex- 
 tensive as the coiiiiinmity to wlxicli he belongs : a 
 hUssing wliich includes all other blessings whatso- 
 ever, that relate to this life. Atterbuvy. 
 
 4. Divine favour. 
 
 My pretty cousin, 
 Blevring upon you ! Shakesp. 
 
 I had most need oi bUssing, and Amen 
 Stuck ui my throat. Shakesp. 
 
 Honour tiiy father and mother, both in word 
 and ilced, that a blessing may come upon thee 
 from them. Ecclus. 
 
 He shall receive the blessijig from the Lord. Ps<d. 
 
 5. The Hebrews, under this name, often 
 understood the presents which friends 
 make to one another; in all probability, 
 because they were generally attended 
 with blessings and compliments both 
 from those who give, and those who 
 receive. Calmet. 
 
 And Jacob said, receive ray present at my 
 hand ; take, 1 pray thee, my blessing tiiat is 
 brought to thee. Genesis. 
 
 Blest, -preterite and participle, [from 
 bkss.] 
 
 Peace to thy ^eutlc sliadc, and endless rest ! 
 lilest ill thy tjcimis, in thy love too blest! Pope. 
 Blew. The preterite from blow. 
 
 The rest tied into a strong tower, where, seeing 
 no remedy, they des|)erately blew up Ihemselve: 
 with a great part of the castle, with gunpowder. 
 
 Knoiles. 
 
 Bleyme. n.s. An inflammation in the 
 foot of a horse, between the sole and 
 the bone. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 B L I 
 
 Blioht. n.t. [The etymology unknown.] 
 
 1. Mildew; accortling to 1%-inncr: but it 
 seems taken by most writers, in a ge- 
 neral sense, for any cause of the failure 
 of fruits. 
 
 I corapiained to the oldest and best gardcncfj, 
 who often fell into the same niisfurtuiie, and 
 esteemed it some bliglit of the spring. Temple. 
 
 2. Any thing nipping, or blasting. 
 
 When you come to the proof once, the first 
 blight of frost shall most infallibly strip vou of all 
 your glory. L Estrange. 
 
 To Blight, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To corrupt with mildew. 
 
 This vaprmr bears up along with it any noxious 
 mineral steams ; it then blasts vegetables, blights 
 corn and fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to 
 men. Woodwued. 
 
 2. In general, to blast; to hinder from 
 fertility. 
 
 My country neighbours do not find it impos- 
 sible" to think of a lame horse they have, or their 
 blighted corn, till they have run over iu their 
 minds all beings. Locke. 
 
 But lest harsh care the lover's peace destroy. 
 And roughly blight the tender buds of joy. 
 Let reason teach. LyttUton. 
 
 BLIND, adj. lbhnb,Sa.\on.] 
 
 1. Deprived of sight; wanting the sense 
 of seeing; dark. 
 
 The blind man tliat governs his steps by feeling, 
 in defect of eyes, receives advertisement of things 
 througli a staiF. ^'S^'P- 
 
 Those other two, equall'd with me in fate. 
 So were I equall'd with them in renown ! 
 Blind Thamyris, and blind Ma'onides ; 
 And Teresias, and Phiucas, prophets old. Milt. 
 
 2. Intellectually dark ; unable to judge ; 
 ignorant: with to before that which is 
 unseen. 
 
 All authors to their own defects are blind; 
 Hadst thou but, Janus like, a face behind, 
 To see the people, what splay mouths they make ; 
 To mark their fingers pointed at thy back. Ihyd. 
 
 3. Sometimes of. 
 
 Blind of the future, and by rage misled. 
 He pulls his crimes u[)on his people's head. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 4. Unseen; out of the publick view; 
 private : generally with some tendency 
 to some contempt or censure. 
 
 To grievous and scandalous inconveniences they 
 make themselves subject, with whom any blind or 
 secret Corner is judged a fit house of comiuou 
 prayer. Hoiyker, 
 
 5. Not easily discernible ; hard to find ; 
 dark; obscure; unseen. 
 
 There be also blind fires under stone, which 
 fianie not out ; but oil being poured upon them, 
 they llame out. Bacon. 
 
 Where else 
 Siiall I infonn my unacciuainteti feet 
 In the blind mazes of this tangled wood? Milton, 
 
 How liave we wandcr'd a long dismal night. 
 Led through blind paths by cacVi deludingliglit ! 
 
 Itoscommon. 
 
 Part creeping under ground, their journey blind. 
 And climbing from below, their fellows meet. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 So mariners mistake the jiromis'd gust, 
 And, with full sails, <ui the /(/in'i rocks are.lost.Dn/. 
 
 \ posteru door, yet unobserv'il and free, 
 .Toin'd by the leiigih of a blind gallery. 
 To the king's close! leu. Dryden. 
 
 0. Blind f^essels. [with chymists.] Such 
 as have no opening but on one side. 
 
 To Blind, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To make blind; to ileprive of sight. 
 
 Vou nimble liehtnings, dart your fc/(i*Jm|rfianie6 
 Lito her scoroful eyesl Shakesp. 
 
 B L 1 
 
 Of whose hand have I rt-ceiverf any Iwibc tu 
 blind mine eyes therewith.' and 1 will restftre it. 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 
 A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but 
 a guide that bImU those whom he should lead, ii 
 undoublediv a much greater. Sifuth. 
 
 2. To darken ; to obscure to the eye. 
 
 So whirl the seas, such darkness blinds tl»e sky. 
 That the black night receives a deeper dye. 
 
 Dry lot: 
 
 3. To darken tlie understanding. 
 
 This iny long-suffering, and my day of grace. 
 They who nealect and sroni shall i>ever t34te. 
 But hard be hardeu'd, blind l.>c htimled more. Miit. 
 
 4. To obscure the understanding. 
 
 The state of the controversy between us lie en- 
 deavoured, with all his art, lu'bliud nod confound. 
 
 Sliilingfytt. 
 
 Blind, n. s. 
 
 1. Something to hinder the sight. 
 
 Hardly any thin^ in our conversation is pure 
 and genuine"; civility casts a blind over the duty, 
 under some customary words. L'hMrangc. 
 
 2. Something to mislead the eye, or the 
 understanding. 
 
 These discourses set an opposition between liis 
 commands ami decrees ; making the one a blind 
 for the execution of the other. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Bl'indfold. v.a. [frmn blind and 
 fold.] To hinder from seeing, by blind- 
 ing the eyes. 
 
 When they had blindfolded bim, they struck 
 him on the face. Luke. 
 
 Blindfold, adj. [from the verb.] Hav- 
 ing the eyes coveretl. 
 
 And oft himself he ch.-uic"d to hurt nnwares. 
 Whilst reason, blent through passion, nought de- 
 scried, 
 But as a blindfold bull, at random fares, 
 And where be hits, nought knows, and where he 
 hurts, nought cares. ^nini Quctn. 
 
 Who blindfobi walks upon a river's brim. 
 When he should see, has he deserv'd to swim ? 
 
 Druden. 
 When lots are shuffled together, or a man 6/iiui- 
 fold casts a dye, what reason can he have to pre- 
 sume, that he shall draw a white stone rather thaii 
 a black ? South. 
 
 The women will look into the state of the na- 
 tion with their own eyes, and be no longer led 
 blindfold by a male legislature. Addison. 
 
 Bli'ndly. adv. [from blind.] 
 
 1. Without sight. 
 
 2. Implicitly; without examination. 
 
 The old king, after a lon^ debate, 
 Bv his imperious mistress blindly icd. 
 Ha? civen Cydaria to Orbellau's bed. Dryden. 
 How ready zeal for interest and party, is to 
 charge atheism on those, who will not, without 
 examining, submit, and blindly swallow their non- 
 sense Lxxke. 
 
 3. Without judgment or direction. 
 
 How seas, and earth, and air, and active tl.ame, 
 Fell tlu-ough ilie mighty void ; and, in their fall, 
 Were blindly gather d in this goodly ball. Dryden. 
 
 Blindman's buff. h. s. A play in 
 wliich some one is to have his eyes 
 covered, and hunt out the rest of the 
 company. 
 
 DisgnisM in all the ra.^sk of night, 
 We lofl our ehampion on his flight; 
 .\t blindmaa's buff to grope his way. 
 In equal fear of night and day. Hndihroi. 
 
 Fie iniasines I sluit my eyes again ; but surely 
 he fanciejTl play at bliiCdmans (>«j^ with him; for 
 he thinks 1 never have my eyes offwStiUingjiat. 
 
 Blindness, n. s. [from blind.] 
 1 . Want of sight. 
 
 I wiU smile every Iiousc of the people with 
 blindness. Zcchariah. 
 
 2 Ignorance ; intellectual darkness. 
 
 196
 
 B L I 
 
 All the rest as born of savage brood. 
 But with base thoughts, are into blindnessled. 
 And kept from looking on the lightsome day. 
 
 Spejiser. 
 
 Nor can we call it choice, when what we cliuse, 
 Folly and blmdjuss only coidd refuse. Denham. 
 
 Whensoever we would proceed beyond these 
 simple ideas, we fall presently into darkness and 
 difficulties, and can aiscover nothing farther but 
 our own blindness and ignorance. hocke. 
 
 Bli'ndnettle. n. s, [scrofuiaria.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Bli'ndside. n. s. [(rom blind and side.] 
 
 Weakness ; foible ; weak part. 
 
 He is too great a lover of himself ; this is one of 
 his blindsidcs; the best of men, I fear, are nut 
 without them. Sicif't. 
 
 Bli'ndworm. n. s. [ccecilia, from blind 
 and 7vorm.] A small viper, called like- 
 wise a slow worm; believed not to be 
 venomous. 
 
 You spotted snakes, with double tongue, 
 Thorny hcdj^ehogs, be not seen; 
 Newts and hlindtcnrms, do no wrong ; 
 Come not near our fairy queen. Shahesp, 
 
 The greater slow worm, called also the blind 
 worm, is commonly thought to be blind, because 
 of the littleness ot his eyes. Grew. 
 
 To BLINK, v.n. [blincken, Danish.] 
 I. To wink, or twinkle Avith the eyes. 
 
 So politick, as if one eye 
 Upon the other were a spy ; 
 That, to trepan the one to think 
 The other blind, both strove to blink. Hndibras. 
 
 2* To see obscurely. 
 
 What 's here ! the portrait of a blinking ideot 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 Sweet and lovely wail, 
 
 Shew me thy chink, to blink through with mine 
 
 eyne. Shakesp. Midsummer I\ight's Dream 
 
 His figure such as might his soul proclaim ; 
 
 One eye^was blinking, aiid one leg was lame. Ptrpe. 
 
 Blinkard. 71. s. [from blink.] 
 
 1. One that has bad eyes. 
 
 2. Somethin*^ twinkling. 
 
 In some parts we see many glorious and emi- 
 nent stars, in others few of any remarkable great- 
 ness, and in some none but bhnkards, and obscure 
 ones. Hakeicill. 
 
 BLISS'. 71. 5. [bhj^j-e. Sax. from blr'Saj-ian, 
 to rejoice.] 
 
 1. The highest degree of happiness; bles- 
 sedness ; felicity : generally used of the 
 liappiness of blessed souls. 
 
 A mighty Saviour hath witnessed of himself, I 
 am the way j tne way that leadeth us from misery 
 into bliss. Hooker. 
 
 Dim sadTiess did not spare 
 That time celestial visages ; yet, mix a 
 With pity, violated not their bliss. Milton. 
 
 With me 
 Ail mv redeem'd may dwell, in joy and bliss. 
 
 ^ ^ ' Miltm. 
 
 2. Felicity in general. 
 
 Condition, circumstance is n(.t the thing ; 
 Bliss is the same in subject or in king. Pope. 
 
 Blissful, adj. [from bliss and full.] 
 Full of joy ; happy in the highest degree. 
 
 Yet swimming in that sea of blissful joy, 
 He nought forgot. I'airy Queen. 
 
 The two saddest ingredients in hell, are depri- 
 vation of the blissful vision, and confusion of face. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love, 
 Uninterrupted joy, unrivali'dlove, 
 h) blissful solitude. MilUm. 
 
 So peaceful shalt thou end thy blissful days. 
 And steal thyself from life by slow decays.* Pope. 
 
 First in the fields I try the silvan strains, 
 Nor blush to sport in V\ indsor's blissful plains. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bli'ssfully. adv. [from blissful.'] Hap- 
 pily. 
 
 B L O 
 
 Bli'ssfulness. 11. s. [from blissful.] 
 
 Happiness; fulness of joy. 
 To Bli'ssom. v.n. To caterwaul; to be 
 
 lustful. Diet, 
 
 BUSTER, n. s. [bluyster, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A pustule formed by raising the cuticle 
 from the cutis, and filled with serous 
 blood. 
 
 In this state she gallops, night by ntght. 
 O'er ladies Hps, who strait on kisses dream, 
 ^Vhich oft the angry Mab with blisters plagues, 
 Because their breaths with sweetmeats tainted are. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I found a great blister drawn by thegarlick, but 
 
 had it cut, which run a good deal of water, but 
 
 filled again by next night. Tetnple. 
 
 2. Any swelling made by the separation 
 of a film or skin from the other parts. 
 
 Upon the leaves there riseth a tumour like a 
 blister. Bacon. 
 
 To Bli'ster. V. n. [from the noun.] To 
 rise in blisters. 
 
 If I prove honeymouth, let my tongue blister. 
 And never to my rcd-look'd anger be 
 The trumpet any more. Shakesp. 
 
 Embrace thy knees with loathing hands. 
 Which blister when they touch thee. Dryden. 
 
 To Bli'ster. v. a. 
 
 I. To raise blisters by some hurt^ as by a 
 burn, or rubbing. 
 
 Look, iiere comes one, a gentlewoman of mine, 
 AVho falling in the tlaws of her own youth, 
 Hath blister d lier report. Shakesp. 
 
 '2, To raise blisters with a medical inten- 
 tion. 
 
 I blistered the legs and thighs ; but was too late . 
 he died howling. Wiseman^ 
 
 BLITHE, adj. [bliSe, Saxon.] Gay; 
 airy; merry; joyous; sprightly j mirth- 
 ful. 
 
 We have always one c^'e fixed upon the coun- 
 tenance of our enemies ; and, according to the 
 hlilhe or heavy aspect thereof, ourothereye shew- 
 eth some other suitable token either of dislike or 
 approbation. Hooker. 
 
 Then sigh not so, hut let them go. 
 And be you blithe and bonny. Shakesp. 
 
 For that fair female troop thou saw'st, that 
 seem'd 
 Of goddesses, so blithe, so smooth, so gRy ; 
 Yet empty of all good. Milton. 
 
 To whom the wily adder, blithe and glad : 
 Empress ! the way is ready, and not long. Milton. 
 
 And the milkmaid singeth blithe, 
 And the mower whets liis scythe. Milton. 
 
 Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, 
 Precipitant in fear, would wing their flight. 
 
 Pope. 
 Bli'thly. adv. [from blithe.] In a blithe 
 
 manner. 
 Bli'thness. ) n. s. [from blithe.] 
 
 Bli'thsomeness. j The quidity of be- 
 ing blithe. 
 BuTHSOME. adv. [from blithe.] Gay; 
 cheerful. 
 
 Frosty blasts deface 
 The blithsome yG?ir : trees of their shrivell'd fruits 
 Are widow'd. Philips. 
 
 To Bloat, v. a. [probably from blow,] 
 To swellj or make turgid with wind : it 
 has up, an ititensive particle. 
 His rude essay's 
 Encourage him, and bloat him np with praise, 
 That he may get more bulk before he dies. 
 
 I>rpden. 
 The strutting petticoat smooths all distinctions, 
 levels the motlier with the daughter. I cannot 
 but be troubled to see so many well-shaped inno- 
 cent virgins bloated np, and waddling up and down 
 like big-beilied women. Addison. 
 
 B L O 
 
 To Bloat, v. n. To grow turgid. 
 
 If a person of a firm constitution begins to btoaif 
 from Ijeing warm grows cold, his hbres grow 
 weak. Arbnthnot. 
 
 Bloat, adj. Swelled with intemper- 
 ance; turgid. 
 
 The blmt king. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Blo'atedness. n. s. [from bloat.] Tur- 
 gidness; swelling; tumour. 
 
 Lassitude, laziness, bloatedness, and scorbutica! 
 spots, are symptoms of weak fibres. Arbuthnot. 
 Blo'bber. n'. s. [from blob.] A word 
 used in some counties for a bubble. 
 
 There swimraeth also in the sea a round slimy 
 substance, called a biobber, reputed noisome to the 
 fish. Carew. 
 
 Blo'bberlip. n. s. [from blob, or blobber 
 and lip.] A thick lip. 
 
 Tlu'v make a wit of their insipid friend, 
 His biobbiTlips and beetlebrows commend. Dryd, 
 
 Blo'blipped. X^^dj. Having swelled 
 Blo'bberlipped. f or thick lips. 
 
 A blobberlipped shell, scemeth to be a kind o( 
 mussel. Grew. 
 
 His person deformed to the highest degree ; 
 flatnosed, and blobberliitped. VEstrange. 
 
 BLOCK, n. s. [blok, Dutch ; bloc. Fr.] 
 
 1. A heavy piece of timber, rather thick 
 than long. 
 
 2. A mass of matter. 
 
 Homer's apotheosis consists of a groupe oi 
 figures ; cut in the same block of marble, and ris- 
 ing one above another. Addison, 
 
 3. A massy body. 
 
 Small causes are sufficient to make a man un- 
 easy, when great ones are not in the way : for 
 want of a block, he will stumble at a straw. Swift. 
 
 4. A rude piece of matter : in contempt. 
 
 When, by the help of wedges and beetles, a" 
 image is cleft out of the trunk of some tree, yet» 
 after the skill of artificers to set forth such a divine 
 block, it cannot one moment secure itself from 
 being eaten by worms. Stilli}igjleet. 
 
 5. The piece of wood on which hats are 
 formed. Some old writers use block 
 for the hat itself. 
 
 He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat ; 
 it ever changes with the next block. Shakesp. 
 
 G. The wood on which criminals are be- 
 headed. 
 
 Some guard these traitors to the block of death. 
 Treason's true bed, and yielder-up of breath. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 At the instant of his death, having a long 
 
 beard, after his head was upon the block, he gently 
 
 drew his beard aside, and said, This hatli not 
 
 ofl'ended the king. Bacon. 
 
 I'lTdrag him thence. 
 Even from the holy altar to the block. Dryden. 
 
 7. An obstruction ; a stop. 
 
 Can he ever dream, tliat the suffering for 
 righteousness sake is our felicily, when he sees 
 us run so from it, that no crime is block enouch in 
 cur way to stop our flight ? Decay of Piety. 
 
 8. A sea term for a pully. 
 
 9. A blocldiead ; a fellow remarkable for 
 stupidity. 
 
 The country is a desert, where the good 
 Gain'd inhabits not : born 's not understood ; _ 
 There men become beasts, and prone to all evils ; 
 In cities, blocks. Donne. 
 
 \Vliat tongueless blocks were they, would they 
 not speak ? ShaktSji. Richard HI. 
 
 To Block, r. a. [bloquer, Fr.] 
 1. To shut up; to inclose, so as to hin- 
 der egress; to obstruct. 
 
 'the. slates about them should neither by en- 
 crease of dominion, nor by blocking of trade, have 
 it in their power to hurl; or annoy. Clarendon. 
 
 196
 
 B L O 
 
 They Hoclt the castle kept by Bertram ; 
 But now they cry, Down witli the palace, fire it. 
 
 Vryden, 
 
 2. It has often up, to note clatisure. 
 
 Recommend it to the governor of Abingdon, to 
 send some troops to block it up, from infesting Ihc 
 great road. Clareruion. 
 
 The abbot raises an army, and hiocks vj) tin- 
 town on the side that faces his dominions. .-Jt/^/iin/t. 
 
 Block-house, n. s. [from block and 
 house.] A fortress built to obstruct or 
 block up a pass, commonly to defend 
 a harbour. 
 
 His entrance is guarded witii block houses, and 
 that on the town's side fortified with ordnance. 
 
 Caren: 
 Rochester water reaclieth far witliin the land, 
 and is under the protection of some block-houses. 
 
 Ruleigh. 
 
 Block-tin. n. s. [from block and tin.] 
 So the tradesmen call that which is 
 pure or unmixed, and yet unwrought. 
 
 Uoi/le. 
 Blocka'de. n. s. [from block.] A siege 
 carried on by shutting up the place. 
 
 The enemy was necessitated wholly to abandon 
 the blockade of Olivonza. Tutkr. 
 
 Round the goddess roll 
 Broad hats and hoods, and caps, a sable shoal ; 
 Thick, and more thick, the black blockade extends. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Blocka'de. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To shut up by obstruction. 
 
 Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door, 
 A hundred oxen at your levee roar. Pope. 
 
 Blockhead. «. s. [from block and head.] 
 a stupid fellow; a dolt; a man without 
 parts. 
 
 Your wit will not so soon out as another man's 
 will ; it is strongly wedged up in a. blockhead. Shak. 
 
 We idly sit liKe stupid blockheads. 
 Our hands committed to our pockets. Hudibras. 
 
 A blockhead rubs his thoughtless skull. 
 And thanks his stars he was not t)orn a fool. Pope. 
 
 Blockheaded. adj. [from blockhead.] 
 Stupid; dull. 
 
 Says a blockheaded boy, these are villainous 
 creatures. VEstrausfi. 
 
 Blo'ckish. adj. [from block.] Stupid; 
 dull. 
 
 Make a lott'ry. 
 And, by decree, let blockish Ajax draw 
 The fort to fight with Hector. Shakesp. 
 
 Blo'ckishly. adv. [from blockish.] In 
 a stupid manner. 
 
 Blo'ckishness. n. s. [from blockish.] 
 Stupidity ; dulness. 
 
 Blo'mARY. n. i. The first forge in the 
 iron mills, through which the metal 
 passes, after it has been first melted from 
 the mine. Diet 
 
 Blo'nket. n. s. [I suppose for blanket.] 
 
 Our blonket livery 's been ail too sad 
 For thilke same reason, when all is yclad 
 With plcasance. Spenser. 
 
 BLOOD, n. s. [blob, Saxon.] 
 
 1. The red liquor tliat circulates in the 
 bodies of animals. 
 
 Bvit tlesh, with the life thereof, which is the blood 
 thereof, shall you not eat. Genesis. 
 
 2. Child; progeny. 
 
 We'll no more meet, no more see one another : 
 But yet thou art my tlesh, uiy blood, my daughter. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Family; kindred. 
 
 As many and as well born bloods as those 
 Stand in his face, to contradict his claim. Shakesp. 
 
 O ! what an happiness is it to find 
 A friend of our own blood, a brother kind ! Waller. 
 
 B L O 
 
 According to the common law of England, in 
 administraliuiis, the whole btood is preferred to the 
 hnKhlood. Aylijj'e. 
 
 4. Descent; lineage. 
 
 Kpithels of flattery, deserved by few of them ; 
 and not runnlni; in a hiaoil, like llie perpetual grn- 
 tlcness of the Orinond family. Drydcn. 
 
 5. Blood royal ; royal lineage. 
 
 They will almost 
 Give IIS a prince o' 'th" blood, a son of Priam. 
 Ill change of lijm. Hhnkesp. 
 
 0. Birth; hi^rh exti-actlon. 
 
 I am a gentleman of /j/*i(id and breeding. Shak. 
 
 7. Murder; violent death. 
 
 It will have blood; they say, blood will have 
 
 blood. Shakesp. 
 
 The voice of thy brother's blood crietli unto me 
 
 from (ht; ground. Gen. iv. 10. 
 
 8. Life. 
 
 When \vicked men liave slain a righteous per- 
 son in his own house, upon his bed, shall 1 not 
 therefore now require his blood at your hand ? 
 
 *2 Siimuel, iv. 11 
 
 9. For blood. Though his blood or life 
 was at stake: a low phrase. 
 
 A crow lay battering upon a muscle, and could 
 not, for his bloody break the shell to come at the 
 fish. L'Eetrange. 
 
 10. The carnal part of man. 
 
 Flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, 
 but my Father which is in heaven. Matt. xvi. 17. 
 
 11. Temper of mind; state of the passions. 
 
 Will you, great sir, that glory blot, 
 In cold blood, which you gain'd in hot.' Hudibras. 
 
 12. Hot spark; man of fire. 
 
 The news put divers young bloods into such a 
 fury, as the ambassadors were nut, without peril, 
 to be outraged. Bacon. 
 
 13. The juice of any thing. 
 
 He washed his garments in wine, and his clothes 
 in the blood of grapes. Genesis, xlix. H. 
 
 To Blood, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To stain with blood. 
 
 Then all approach the slain with vast surprise. 
 And scarce secure, reach out their spears afar, 
 And blood tlieir points, to prove their partnership 
 in war. ^ Drijden' Fables. 
 
 He was blooded up to his elbows by a couple of 
 Aloors, whom he butchered with his own imperial 
 hands. Addison. 
 
 2. To enter; to enure to blood, as a hound. 
 
 Fairer than fairest, let none ever say. 
 That ye were blooded in a yielded prey. 
 
 Spenser^s Sonnets. 
 
 3. To hloodi is sometimes to let blood 
 medically. 
 
 4. To heat; to exasperate. 
 
 When the faculties intellectual are in vigour, 
 not drenched, or, as it were, blooded by the all'ec- 
 tions. Bacon's Apophthtgms. 
 
 By this means, matters grew more exasperate; 
 the au.xiliary forces of French and English were 
 much 6/o()(ii'd one against another. Bucun's Hen. VII. 
 
 Blood-boltered. adj. [from blood and 
 
 bolter,] Blood sprinkled. 
 
 The blood-bolter d Banquo smiles upon me. 
 
 Macbeth. 
 
 Blood-hot. adj. [from blood and hot.] 
 Hot in the same degree with blood, 
 
 A good piece of bread first to be eaten, will 
 gain tune to warm the beer blood-hot, which then 
 he may drink safely. Locke. 
 
 To Blood-let. v. w. [from blood and 
 let.] To bleed; to open a vein medi- 
 cinally. 
 
 The chyle is not perfectly assimilated into blood, 
 by its circulation through* the lungs, as is known 
 by experiments mblood letting. Arhuth.onAliments. 
 
 Blood-l^itter. n. 5, [from blood-let.] 
 A phlebotomist ; one that takes away 
 blood medicinally. 
 
 B L o 
 
 This mischief, in aneurisms, proceedelh from 
 the ignorance of the blood-letter, wlio, not consi- 
 dering the errour committed in letliiig blood, binds 
 up the arm carelessly. Wiseman. 
 
 Bloodstone, n. s. [hamatites; from 
 blood and stone.] The name of a stone. 
 
 There is a stone, which they call the blnod-aone, 
 which, worn, is thought to be good for them that 
 bleed at the n()se ; which, no doubt, is by astric- 
 tiori, and cooling of the spirits- Bacon. 
 
 The liliwdstone is green, spotted with a bright 
 blood red. Woodicard on Fossils. 
 
 Bloodthirsty, adj. [from 6/oorf ami 
 thirsty.] Desirous to shed blood. 
 
 And high advancing his bbxxi-thirstij blade. 
 Struck one of those deformed heads. Fairy Queen. 
 
 The imape of God the blood-thirstii have not ; 
 for God is charity and mercy itself. Raleigh's Hist. 
 
 Blood-vessel, [from 6/co</ and tcwf/.] 
 A vessel appropriated by nature to the 
 conveyance of the blood. 
 
 The skins of the forehead were extremely tough 
 and thick, and had not in them any btooii-vtssit, 
 that we were able to discover. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Blo'odflower. n. s. [hamanlhus, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 Bloodgvi'ltynf.ss. n. s. [from blood 
 and s:uHty.] Murder; the crime of 
 shedding blood. 
 
 And were there riglitful cause of differeiKe, 
 Yet were 't not better, fair it to accord. 
 Than with bloodguiltittess to heap otience, 
 And mortal vengeance join to crime abhorr'd ? 
 
 Fairii Queen. 
 
 Blo'odhound. n. s. [from blood and 
 hound.] .\ hound that follows by the 
 scent, and seizes with great fierceness. 
 
 Hear this, hear this, thou tribune of the people ! 
 Thou zealous, publick bloodhound, hear and raelt ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 Where are these rav'ning bloodhounds, tliat pur- 
 sue 
 In a full cry, gaping to swallow me ? 
 
 Southcme's Inn. .idult. 
 
 A bloodhound will follow the track ofthe person 
 
 he pursues, and all hounds the particular game 
 
 thev have in chace. Arhuthnot on .ilimenti. 
 
 And though the villain 'scape a while, he feels 
 
 Slow vengeance, like a bloodhound, at his heels. 
 
 Sicift. 
 
 Blo'odily. adv. [from bloody.] With 
 disposition to shed blood ; cruelly. 
 
 I told the pursuivant. 
 As too triuraphing, how mine enemies 
 To-day at Pomfret btooiliti) were butcher'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 This day the poet, btoodilu inclin d. 
 Has madenie die full sore against my mind. Dryd, 
 
 Blo'odiness. n. s. [from bloody.] The 
 
 state of being bloody. 
 
 It will manifest itself by its H<»din«j ; yet some- 
 times the scuU is so tliin as not to admit of any. 
 Sharjt's Surgery. 
 
 Blo'odless. adj. [from blood.] 
 
 1. Without blood ; dead. 
 
 He cheer'd my sorrows, and, for sums of gold. 
 The (i/iwJ/ess carcass of my Hector sold. 
 
 Dryden s ^neiti. 
 
 2. Without slaughter. 
 
 ^Va^ brings ruin where it should amend ; 
 But heauiv, with a 6/*»i\//css conquest, finds 
 .\ welcome sovereignty in rudest minds. Woltfr. 
 
 Blo'odsheo. 71. jt. [from blood and shed.] 
 1. The crime of blood, or murder. 
 Full manv mischiefs follow cruel wrath ; 
 .\hhorred btooiished, and tinnultuous strife, 
 Vnmaiily murder, and unthrifty scath. Fairy Q. 
 
 .Ml murders past do stand evcus'd in this j 
 And this so sole, and so unmatchable, 
 
 197
 
 B L O 
 
 Shall prove a deadly hhwdshed but n jest, 
 Exampled by this heinous spectacle. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 A man, under the transports of a vehement rage, 
 
 passes a ditlVrcnt judgment upon murder and 
 
 hlooihhcd, from what he does when his revenge is 
 
 over. South. 
 
 2. Slaughter; waste of HFe. 
 
 So by him Caesar got the victory, 
 Through great bhodshed, and many a sad essay. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Of wars and bloodshed, and of dire events, 
 1 could with greater certainty foretel. 
 
 Drydcns Tyrannic Love. 
 
 Blo'odshedder. n. s. [from bloodshed.] 
 Murderer. 
 
 He that taketh away his neighbour's living, 
 slaveth liim ; and he tliut defraudeth the labourer 
 of Lis hire, is a bloodshedder. Ecclua. xxxiv. 22. 
 
 Blo'odshOT. \o'^* [from i/oof/ and 
 
 Bloodsho'tten. ^ shot.] Filled with 
 
 blood bursting from its proper vessels. 
 
 And that the winds their bellowing throats 
 would try, 
 ■\Vhen redd'ning clouds reflect his bloodshot eye. 
 
 Garth: 
 
 Blo'odsucker. n. s. [fr-om blood and 
 suck.] 
 
 1. A leech; a fly; any thing that sucks 
 blood. 
 
 2. A cruel man; a murderer^ 
 God keep the prince from all the pack of you ; 
 
 A knot you are of damned bloodsuckers. 
 
 Shakcsp. Richard III, 
 
 The nobility cried out upun hini, that he was a 
 
 6/4)odsHc/ce;-, a "luurderer, and a parracide. Hayward. 
 
 Blo'odwit. n. s. A fine anciently paid 
 as a compensation for blood. 
 
 Blo'od"W'ORT. n. s, A plant. 
 
 Blo'ody. adj. [from blood.] 
 
 1. Stained with blood. 
 
 2. Cruel; murderous: applied either to 
 men or facts. 
 
 By continual niartial exercises, without blood, 
 slie made them perfect in that idoody art. Sid7i€y. 
 False of heart, li^ht of ear, bUwdtf of hand. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear 
 I grant him bloody, 
 Luxurious, avaricious, faJse, deceitful. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Thou bloodier villain 
 Than terms can give thee out. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Alas ! why gnaw you so your nether lip ? 
 Some bloody passion shakes your very frame ; 
 These are portents : but yet'l liope, 1 hope. 
 They do not point on me. Shaktsp. Othdlo. 
 
 The bloody fact 
 Will be avcng'd ; and th'' other's faith approv'd 
 Lose no reward ; lliough here thou see him die. 
 Rolling in dubt and gore. MiUons Par. Lost. 
 
 The bloodiest vengeance which she could pursue, 
 \Yould be a trifle to my loss of you. 
 
 Vryden's hid. Emp. 
 Proud Nimrod first the bloody diase began, 
 A mighty hunter and his prey »''is man. 
 
 Pope's Windsor Forest. 
 
 Bloody-flux. n. s. The dysentery; a 
 disease in which the excrements are 
 mixed with blood. 
 
 Cold, by rctardino; the motion of the blood, and 
 suppressing perspiration, produces giddiness, 
 sleepiness, pains in the bowels, looseness, bloody 
 Jinxes. Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 Bloody-minded, adj. [irom bloody and 
 mind.] Cruel ; inclined to bloodshed. 
 
 I think you'll nmke rae mad : truth has been 
 at my tongue's end this half hour, and I ha^■e not 
 the pow er to bring it oat» for fear of this bloody- 
 mttided colonel Drydens Spanish Friar. 
 
 D L O 
 
 BLOOM, n. s. \hlum. Germ, blocni, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1 . A blossom ; the flower which precedes 
 the fruit. 
 
 How nature paints her colours, how the bee 
 Sits on her bloom, extracting liquid sweet. Milton. 
 
 A medlar tree was jilanted by ; 
 The spreading branches made a »oodly show, 
 And full of opening blooms was ev ry bough. Dryd. 
 
 Haste to 3'onder woodbine bow'rs ; 
 The turf with rural dainties sliall be crown'd. 
 While opening bUnvnt diffuse their sweets aronnd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. The state of immaturity; the state of 
 any thing improving, and ripening to 
 higher perfection 
 
 Were I no queen, did you my beauty weigh, 
 flly youth in bloom, your age in its decay. 
 
 Drydens Auretigzebe. 
 
 3. The blue colour upon plums and grapes 
 newly gathered. 
 
 4. [In the iron works.] A piece of ii'on 
 wrought into a mass, two feet square. 
 
 To Bloom, v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To bring or yield blossoms. 
 The rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was 
 
 budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blos- 
 soms, and yielded almonds. Numbers, xvii. 8. 
 It is a Common experience, that if you do not 
 pull off some blossoms the first time a tree bloometh. 
 It will blossom itself to death. Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 2. To produce, as blossoms. 
 Rites and customs, now superstitious, when the 
 
 strength of virluous, devout, or charitable affection 
 bloomed them, no man could justly have condemn- 
 ed as evil. Hooker. 
 
 3. To be in a stale of youth and improve- 
 ment. 
 
 Beauty, frail flow'r, that every season fears. 
 Blooms in thy colours for a thousand years. 
 
 Ptf]}e's Epistles. 
 O greatly bless'd with every blooming grace ! 
 With equal steps the paths of glory trace. 
 
 Pope's Odijsseii. 
 
 Blo'omy. adj. [from Moom.'] Full of 
 blooms; flowery. 
 
 O nightingale ! that on jon bloomy spray 
 \^'arblest at "eve, when all the woods are still. Milt. 
 
 Departing spring could only stay to shed 
 Her t/oomv beauties on the genial bed. 
 But left tlie manly sumnier'in lier stead. Dryden. 
 
 Hear how the birds, on ev'ry bloimii spray. 
 With joyous musick wake the dawning day. Pope. 
 
 Blore. n. i'. [from Wott>.] Act of blow- 
 ing ; blast : an expressive word, but 
 not used. 
 
 Out nisht, with an unmeasured roar, 
 Those two winds, tumbling clouds in heaps ; 
 ushers to cither's btore. Chupman's Iliad. 
 
 BLO'SSOM. 71. s. [bloj-me, Sau.] The 
 flower that grows on any plant, previous 
 to the seed or fruit. We generally 
 call those flowers blossoms, which are 
 not much regarded in themselves, but as 
 a token of some following prodtiction. 
 
 Cold news for nie : 
 Thus are ray blossoms blasted in tlie bud, 
 And caterpillars cat my leaves away. Sltuk.Hcn.lY. 
 
 Merrily, merrily, shall I live now, 
 lender the blossom that hangs on the bough 
 
 .%ake.'p. Tempest. 
 
 The pulling off manj of l.he Uossoms of a fruit 
 tree, doth make the fruit fairer. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 To liis green years your censure you would suit. 
 Not blast the blossom,' but expect tfie fruit. Dri/d. 
 
 To Blo'ssom. V.71. [from the noun.] To 
 put forth blossoms. 
 
 This is the slate of man : to-day he puts forth 
 The tender leaves of hope ; to-morrow blossoms. 
 And bears his blushing honours thick upon him. 
 Sluikap. Hcary VHI. 
 
 B L O 
 
 Although Ihc fig-tree shall not hUasom, neither 
 shall fruit be in the vines, yet will I rejoice in the 
 Lord. Habb. iii. 17. 
 
 The want of rain, at blossoming time, often occa- 
 sions tile dropping olf of the blossoms, for waiit 
 of sap. Mortimer. 
 
 To BLOT. V. a. [from blottir, Fr. to 
 hide.] 
 
 1. To obliterate ; to make writing invisi- 
 ble by covering it with ink. 
 
 " You that are king 
 Have caus'd him, by new act of parliament. 
 To blot out me, and put his own son in. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Ev'n copious Dryden wanted, or forgot, 
 The last and greatest art, the art to blot. Pff- 
 
 A man of the most understanding will find it 
 impossible to make the best use of it, while he 
 writes in constraint, perpetually softening, cor- 
 recting, or blotting out expressions. Swift. 
 
 2. To efface ; to erase. 
 
 O Bertram, oh rw more my foe, but brother I 
 One act like this blots out a thousand crimes. Drt/rf. 
 
 'ITiese simple ideas, offered to the mind, the 
 understanding can no more refuse, nor alter, nor 
 bUit out, than a niirrour can refuse, alter, or oblite- 
 rate, the images which the objects produce. Locke. 
 
 3. To make black spots on a paper; to 
 
 blur. 
 
 Heads overfull of matter, be like pens overfull 
 of ink, which will sooner blot, tlian make any fair 
 letter. Ascham, 
 
 O sweet Portia ! 
 Here are a few of the unploasant'st words 
 That ever blotted paper. Shak. Merchant tf Venice. 
 
 4. To disgrace; to disfigure. 
 
 Unknit that threat'ning unkind brow ; 
 It bUits thy beauty, as frost bites the meads. 
 Confounds thy fame. Shak. Taming of the Shreic. 
 
 My guilt thv growing virtues did defame ; 
 My bl.ickness'WjKed thy uublemish'd name. 
 
 Dryilcns ^neid. 
 
 For mercy's sake restrain thy hand. 
 Blot not thy innocence with guiltless hluod. Rowe. 
 
 5. To darken. 
 
 He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane, 
 ^Vhilst foolish men beat sounduig brass in vain. 
 
 Coicley. 
 
 Blot. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . An obliteration of something written. 
 
 Let flames on your unlucky papers prey 
 Your wars, your loves, your praises, be forgot, 
 And make of all an universal blot. Dryd. Juoenat. 
 
 2. .\ blur; a spot upon paper. 
 
 3. A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a dis- 
 grace; a reproach. 
 
 Make known. 
 It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulness. 
 That hath depriv'd me. • Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 A lie is a foul blot in a man ; yet it is continually 
 in the moulh of tlie untaught. Fxcl. \x. 24. 
 
 A disappointed hope, a blot of honour, a stain of 
 conscience, an unfortunate love, will serve the 
 turn. Temple. 
 
 4. [At backgammon.] When a single 
 man lies open to be taken up; whence, 
 to hit a blot. 
 
 He is too great a master of his heart, to make a 
 blot Nvhich may so easilybe hit. Vryd.Ded.toJEneid. 
 
 Blotch, n. s. [from hlot.'\ A spot or 
 
 j)ustide upon the skin. 
 Spots and blotches, of several colours and figures, 
 
 slraKgling over the body ; some are red, others 
 
 yellow, or black. Hamy. 
 
 To Blote. I', a. To smoke, or dry by 
 
 the smoke; as bloted herrings, or red 
 
 herrings. 
 BLOW. n. s. [bloife, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . The act of striking. 
 
 2. A stroke. 
 
 A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blotcs, 
 ^Vho by the art of known and feeling sorrows. 
 Am pregnant to good pity. Shakesp. king Lear. 
 
 108
 
 B L O 
 
 A woman's tongue, 
 Tliat gives not half so great a blow to th* car, 
 As will a chesnut. "fihuk. Turning of the Shrew. 
 Words of great contempt commonly findhig a 
 return of equai scurn, blows were fastened upon 
 the most pragmatical of the crew. Clareiuiou. 
 
 3. The fatal stroke ; the stroke of death. 
 Assuage yoar thirst of blood, and strike thet/oir. 
 
 Vruiien. 
 
 4. An act of hostility : i/ow* are used for 
 combat or war. 
 
 Be most abated captives to some nation 
 Th^t won you without ht^ws. Shakesp. 
 
 Uiiarni'd if X should go. 
 What hope of mercy tVom tliis dreatlful foe, 
 But woman-like to fall, and fall without a bhw? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. A sudden calamity; an unexpected evil. 
 People is broken with a grievous blow, Jerem. 
 To all but thee in Jits he seem'd to go. 
 
 And 'twas my ministry to deal the blow. Pamet. 
 
 6. A single action ; a sudden event. 
 Every year they gain a victory, and a town; 
 
 but if tne^' are once defeated, they lose a province 
 at a blow. Driiden. 
 
 7. The act of a fly, by which she lodges 
 eggs in flesh. 
 
 I much fear, le^t with the blows of flies 
 His brass-inllicted wounds are fiU'd. Chapman s II. 
 
 To Blow, v.n. pret. blew; particip. pass. 
 blown, [blapan. Sax.] 
 
 1. To make a current of air. 
 
 At his sight the mountains are shaken, and at 
 his will the south wind bloweth. Ecclus. xliii. 16. 
 
 Fruits, for long keeping, gather before they are 
 full ripe, and in a dry day, towards noon, and 
 when the wind bloweth not south ; and when tlic 
 moon is in decrease. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 By the fragrant winds that blow 
 O'er the Elysian flow'rs. Pope*s St. dccilia. 
 
 2. This word is used sometimes imper- 
 sonally with it. 
 
 It blew a terrible tempest at sea once, and there 
 was one seaman praying. L'Estrange. 
 
 If it blows a happy gale, we must set up all our 
 sails ; though it sometimes happens that our na- 
 tural heat is more powerful than our care and cor- 
 rectness. Dryden. 
 
 3. To pant ; to puff; to be breathless. 
 Here's Mrs. Page at the door, sweatini and 
 
 blowiaj', and looking wildly. Shakesp. 
 
 Eacli aking nerve refuse the lance to tlirow. 
 And each spent courser at the chariot blow. Pope. 
 
 4. To breathe. 
 
 Sa^'s tlie satyr, if you have gtjtten a trick of 
 Wiiu'ii^ liotand'cold ou,tof the same mouth, I've 
 e'en done with ye. L'Estraii, 
 
 5. To .sound with being blown. 
 
 Nor with less dread the loud 
 Ethereal trumpet from on high 'pan blow. Milton. 
 
 There let the prating organ blow 
 To the fuU-voice'd quire below. Milton. 
 
 G. To sound, or play musically by wind. 
 
 The priests shall blow with the trumpet. Joshua. 
 
 \\ hen je blow an alarm, then the cauips that lie 
 
 on the east parts shall go forward. Numbers. 
 
 7. To blow over. To jiass away without 
 effect. 
 
 Storms, though they blow over diver times, yet 
 may fall at last. Bacon's Essaiis. 
 
 >\ hen the storm is blown over. 
 How blest is the swain, 
 
 M ho be-iins to discover 
 An end of his pain. Gram-ille. 
 
 ovt those clouds being now ha])pily blown over, 
 and our sun clearly shinrng out again, I have re- 
 covered the relapse. Denham. 
 
 8. lo blow tip. To fly into the air by 
 the force of gunpowder. 
 
 _ On the licxt day, some of the enemy's raaga- 
 ZMie s blew up; and it was thouglit they were de- 
 Uroyed on purpose by some of their men. Taller. 
 
 To Blow. r. a. 
 
 nge 
 
 Q L O 
 
 1. To clrlve by the force of the wind: 
 with a particle to fix the meaning, 
 
 Tljuugli you ujitte the wintis, 
 Though bladed corn be lodg'tl, aiid trees blmcn 
 
 down. 
 Though castles topple on their wardera heads. 
 
 Macbeth. 
 Fair daughter, hlowa.w:iy those mists aud clouds, 
 Aiid let thy eyes shine forth iu their full lustre. 
 
 Denham. 
 These primitive heirs of tlie Christian church 
 could riot so easily blow off\\\G doctrine of passiv- 
 obedience. South. 
 
 2. To inflame with wind. 
 
 I have created the smith tiiat bloweth the coals. 
 
 Isaiah. 
 A fire oot &/t>a>n shall consume him. Jvb. 
 
 3. To swell; to puff into size. 
 
 No 6Mirnainhiti(in dotli nurarms incite, 
 But love, dearluve, and uur ag'd fallier's right. 
 
 King Lear. 
 
 4. To form into shape by the breath. 
 
 Spherical bubbles, that boys sometimes blm 
 with water, to which soap halli given a tenacity. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 5. To sound an instrument of wind mu- 
 sick. 
 
 Blow the trumpet among tlie nations. Jeremiah. 
 Where the bright seraphim, in burning row. 
 Their loud uplifted angel trumpets blow. Miltoii. 
 G. To warm with the bi*eath. 
 
 When isicles haug by the wall. 
 And Dick the shepherd bhics his nail. 
 
 And Tom bears logs into tlie hall. 
 And milk comes fruzen home in paU. Shakesj). 
 
 7. To spread by report. 
 
 But never was there man, of his degree. 
 So much esteem'd, so well bel<n-'d, as he : 
 So gentle of condition was he known, 
 That th^ou^h the court his courtesy was blown. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. To blow out. To extinguish by wind 
 of the breath. 
 
 Your breath first kindled the dead coal of war, 
 And brought in matter that should feed this fire : 
 And now it is far too huge to be blown out 
 With that same weak wind which enkindled it. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Moon, slip beiiind some cloud, some tempest 
 rise. 
 And bbw out all the stars that liglit the skies. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 9. To hlojv 7tp, To raise or swell with 
 breath. 
 
 A plague of sighing and grief! it blows a man 7ip 
 like a bladder. Shakesp. 
 
 Before we had exhausted the receiver, the blad- 
 der appeared as full as \S blown up with a quill. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 It was ray breath that blew this tempest up, 
 Upon your stubborn usane of the pope. Shakesp. 
 
 An empty bladder gravitates no more than when 
 blown up, but somewhat less ; yet descends more 
 easily, because with less resistance. Gi'eu\ 
 
 10. To blow itp. To inflate with pride. 
 
 Blown '/» with tlic conceit of his merit, lie did 
 not think he had received good measure from the 
 king. Bacon. 
 
 11. To blow up. To kindle. 
 
 His presence S' on bloxrs up th' unkindly fii,dit. 
 And his loud guns speak thick like angry nien. 
 
 Dryda%. 
 
 1*2. To move by afflatus. 
 
 When the mind Imds herself very much in- 
 flamed with devotion, she is too much inclined to 
 think that it is bloiim up with something divine 
 within herself. Addison. 
 
 13. To blow up. To burst with gun- 
 powder; to raise into the air. 
 
 The captains hoping, by a mine, to gain the 
 city, approached with soldiers ready to enter 
 upon bhwine up of the mine. 
 
 KnoUes's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 B L U 
 
 Their c^i blown up m air, not wav«s exph'd. 
 To which his pride presutu'd to ^itn Uie tavi. 
 
 Dn/deit. 
 
 Not far from the said well, blouiag up a rock, he 
 forniwly observed some of tii«M:. ttVxfuura. 
 
 J 4. To infect with the eggs of flics. I know 
 not how this sense belongs to the word, 
 
 I wouUl no more eiidufc 
 This wooden slavery, than 1 would sulTer 
 The dc^)-fly blow my njoutfa. SKaht^» 
 
 Ratlier at Nilus* mud 
 Lay me stark naked, and let the water-flies 
 Blow me into abhorring. SHahetp. 
 
 15. To blow upon. To make stale. 
 
 I am wonderfully pleased, when I mcei wwh 
 any passage in an old Greek or Latin author, thai 
 is not blown upon^ and which I hav« never me* 
 with in any quotation. Addijum. 
 
 ilc will whisper an intrigue that is not yet hlourp 
 upon by common fame. Addison. 
 
 To Blow. v. n. [blopan, Saxon.] To 
 bloom ; to blossom. 
 
 \Vc luse the prime, to mark how spring 
 Our tender plants, how blows the citron ^rove, 
 What drops the myrrh, and what the batmv reed 
 
 "MUton 
 This royal fair 
 Shall, when llie blossom f»f her beauty 's blowtif 
 See her great brother on Uie British throne. 
 
 WalUr. 
 Fair is the kingcup that in meadow biowt; 
 Fair is the daisy that beside her grows. G^y. 
 
 For thee Idume's spicy forests blow. 
 And seeds of gold in Ophir's mountains glow. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Blo'wer. n. s. [from blow.] A melter 
 
 of tin. 
 
 Add his care and cost in buying wood, and ia 
 fetching the same to the blowing-house, together 
 with the blowers' two or three months extreme and 
 increasing labour. Carew. 
 
 Blown. The participle passive of blow. 
 
 All the sparks of virtue, which nature bad 
 kindled in them, were so blown to give forth their 
 uttermost heat, tliat justly it may be artirmed, they 
 inflamed the affections of all tliat knew them. 
 
 Sidnev. 
 The trumpets sleep, while cheerful horns are 
 blown. 
 And arms employ 'd on birds and beasts alone. 
 
 Pope. 
 Blo'wpoint. n. s. A child's play, per- 
 haps like pushpin. 
 
 Shortly boys shall not play 
 At spancounter or blowpointf but shall pay 
 'I'oll to some courtier. Dowie. 
 
 Blowth. ru s, [from blow.] Bloom, or 
 blossom. 
 
 Ambition and covetousness being bnl green, 
 and newly grown up, iho. seeds and effects were 
 as 3'ct but potential, and in the blowth and bud. 
 
 liaUigh. 
 
 Blowze. «. s. A ruddy fat-faced wencn. 
 
 Blowzy, adj. [from blowze.] Sun biunt ; 
 
 high coloured. 
 BLUBBER. 71. s. [See Blob.] The part 
 
 of a whale that contains the oil. 
 To BLu'BBER.r. n. [from the noun.] To 
 weep in such a maimer as to swell tlie 
 cheeks. 
 
 Kvcn so lies she 
 Blubbying and weeping, weeping and bluboring. 
 
 Sitakesp. Romto arui Juliet. 
 A thief came to a bov tliat was blubbering by 
 tlie side of a well, and aslcd what he cried for. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 Soon as Glumdalclitch miss'd her pleasing care, 
 She wept, she bluU>er'd, and she tore her hair. 
 
 Sm'rf. 
 
 To Blv'bber. r. a. To swell the cheeks 
 witli weeping. 
 
 199
 
 B L U 
 
 Fair streams represent unto me ray hhthhered 
 face ; let tears procure your stay. Sidney. 
 
 The wild wood guds, arrived in the place, 
 There find the virgin doleful, desolate, 
 With ruffled raiment, and fair blubher'd face. 
 As her outrageous foe had left her late. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Tir'd with tlie search, not finding what she seeks, 
 With cruel blows she pounds hcioLubberd cheeks. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 BLifBBERED. partictp. adj. [from To 
 blubber.] Swelled; big; applied com- 
 monly to the lip. 
 
 Thou sing with him, thou booby ! never pipe 
 Was so proTan'd, to touch that blnbba-'d lip. Drijd. 
 
 Bludgeon, n, 5. A short stick, with 
 one end loaded, used as an offensive 
 ■weapon. 
 
 BLUE. adj. [bleep, Sax. bleu, Fr.] One 
 of the seven original colours. 
 
 There's gold, and here 
 My bluest veins to kiss ; a hand that kings 
 Have lipt and trembled kissing. Shakesp. 
 
 Where fires thou find'st unrak'd, and heartns 
 unswept, 
 
 There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shakesp. 
 O coward conscience how dust thou afflict me ! 
 The lidits burn blue. Is it not dead midnight.^ 
 Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling fiesh. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Why does one climate and one soil endue 
 The blushing poppy with a crimson hue, 
 Yet leave the lily pale, and tinge the violet blue? 
 
 Prior. 
 There was scarce any other colour sensible be- 
 sides red and blue ; only the blues, and principally 
 the second blue, inclined a little to green, yewton. 
 
 Blu'ebottle. 21. s, [ci/anus; from blue 
 and bottle.] 
 
 1 . A flower of the bell shape ,* a species 
 of bottlejiower. 
 
 If you put bluebottles, or other blue flowers, into 
 an ant-hill, they will be stained with red : because 
 the ants thrust their stings, and instil into them 
 their stinging liquor. Ray. 
 
 2. A fly with a large blue belly. 
 
 Say, sire of insects, mighty Sol, 
 A fly upon the cliariot pole 
 Cries out, What bluebottle alive 
 Did ever with such fury drive ? Prior. 
 
 Blue-eyed. adj. [from blue and ej/e.] 
 Having blue eyes. 
 
 Kise, then, fair blue-eyed maid, rise and dis- 
 cover 
 Thy silver brow, and meet thy golden lover. 
 
 Craushau'. 
 Sot to the temple was she gone, to move 
 With prayers the blue-eyed progeny of Jove.Cri/rf. 
 
 Blueha'ired. adj, [from blue and Afli'r.] 
 Having blue hair. 
 
 This place. 
 The greatest and the best of all the mahi, 
 lie quarters to his blue-hair d deities. 3Iiltoji. 
 
 Blu'ely. adv. [from blue.] With a blue 
 
 colour. 
 
 This 'squire he dropp'd his pen full soon, 
 While as the light burnt bluely. Su-iji. 
 
 Blu'eness. n.s. [from blue.] The qua- 
 lity of being blue. 
 
 In a moment our liquor may be deprived of its 
 lluencss, and restored to it again, by the ali'nsiou 
 of a few drops of liquors. Jioule ou Coburs. 
 
 Bluff, adj. Big; surly; blustering. 
 
 Like those whom stature did to crowns prefer, 
 Biack-brow'd and blujf, like Humer's Jupiter, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Blu'ish. adj. [from blue.] Blue in a 
 small degree. 
 
 Side sleeves and skirts, loundunderborne with 
 a bluish tinsel. &liakesp. 
 
 At last, as far ds I could cast my eyes 
 ('poll the sea, somewhat, methought, did rise 
 Like bluiih mists, Dryden. 
 
 B L U 
 
 Here, in full light, the russet plains extend j 
 
 There, wrapt in clouds, the bluish hills ascend. Po/if. 
 
 Blui'shness. n.s. [from blue.] A small 
 degree of blue colour. 
 
 I could make, with crude copper, a solution 
 witliout the bluishness that is wont to accompany 
 its vulgar solutions. Boyle. 
 
 To BLUNDER, v. n. [blunderen, Dutch; 
 perhaps from blind.] 
 
 1. To mistake grossly; to err very wide- 
 ly ; to mistake stupidly. It is a w^ord 
 implying contempt. 
 
 It is one thing to forget matter of fact, and an 
 other to blunder upon the reason of it. L'Estrange. 
 
 The grandees and giants in knowledge, who 
 laughed at all besides themselves, as barbarous 
 and insignificant, yet blundered, and stumbled, 
 about their principal concern. South. 
 
 2, To flounder; to stumble. 
 
 He who now to sense, now nonsense leaning, 
 Means not, but blunders round about a meaning. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Blu'nder. v. a. To mix foolishly or 
 blindly. 
 
 He seems to understand no difl'erence between 
 titles of respect and acts of worship ; between ex- 
 pressions of esteem and devotion \ between reli- 
 gious and civil worship : for he blunders and con- 
 founds all these together ; and whatever proves 
 one, he thinks, proves all the rest. StiUtngfieet. 
 
 Blu'n DER. ?i. s. [from the verb.] A gross 
 or shameful mistake. 
 
 It was the advice of St-hombcrg to an historian, 
 that he should avoid being particular in the draw- 
 ing up of an army, and other circumstances in 
 the day of battle ; for that he had observed no- 
 torious blundei'S and absurdities committed by 
 writers not conversant in the art of war. Addison. 
 
 It is our own ignorance that makes us charge 
 those works of tlie Almighty as defects or blun- 
 ders, as ill-contrived or ill-iuade. Dcrham. 
 
 Blu'nderbuss. n.s [h-oin blunder.] A 
 gun that is charged with many bullets^ 
 so that, without any exact aim, tliere is 
 a chance of hitting the mark. 
 
 There are blunderbusses in evci^' loop-hole, that 
 ^o off of their own accord at the squeaking of a 
 fiddle. iTryden. 
 
 Blu'nderer. w. s. [from blunder.] A 
 man apt to commit blunders; a block- 
 head. 
 
 Another sort of judges will decide in favour of 
 an author, or will pronounce him a mere blunderer, 
 according to the company they have kept. Watts. 
 
 Blu'nderhead. n. s. [from blunder and 
 head.] A stupid fellow. 
 
 At the rate of this thick-skulled blunderhead, 
 every plow-jubber shall take upon hira to read 
 upon divinity. L'Estrauge_ 
 
 BLUNT, adj. [etymology uncertain.] 
 
 !. Dull on the edge or point; not sharp. 
 
 Thanks to that beauty, which can give an edge 
 
 to the bluntest swords. Sidnetf. 
 
 If the iron be blunt, and he do not wet theed^e, 
 
 then must he put to mure strength. Eccles. 
 
 2. Dull in understanding ; not quick. 
 
 Valentine being gone, I'll quickly cross, 
 By some sly trick, blunt Thurio's dull proceeding. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Rough ; not delicate; not civil. 
 Whitehead, a crave divine, was of a blunt 
 
 stoical nature. One day the queen happened tu 
 say, 1 like thee the belter, because tliou livest 
 unmarried. He answered, Madam, I like you 
 the worse. Bacon. 
 
 llic mayor of the town came to seize them in a 
 blujit manner, ulUgiug a warrant to stop them. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 Tis not enough your counsel still be true : 
 Blunt truths more mischief than nice falsehoods 
 do. Pope. 
 
 B L U 
 
 4. Abrupt; not elegant. 
 
 To use too many circumstances, ere one come 
 to the matter, is wearibome ; to use none at all, it 
 blunt. Bacon. 
 
 5. Hard to penetrate. This use is im- 
 proper. 
 
 I find ra^ heart hardened and blunt to new im- 
 (jressions.; it will scarce receive or retain affections 
 of yesterday. Pope 
 
 To Blunt, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To dull the edge or point. 
 
 So sicken waining moons too near the sun. 
 And blunt their crescents on the edge of day. 
 
 Urydep 
 Earthy limbs and gross allay 
 Blunt not the beams of heav'n, and edge of day. 
 
 Dryden 
 He had such things to urge against our mar- 
 riage, 
 As, now declar'd, would blunt my sword in battle 
 And dastardize my cour^ig-e. Dryden 
 
 2. To repress or weaken any appetite, de- 
 sire, or power of the mind. 
 
 Blunt not his love ; 
 Nor lose the good advantage of his grace. 
 By seeming cold. Sltak. 
 
 Blu'ntly. adv. [from blunt.] 
 
 1. In a blunt manner ; without sharpness. 
 
 2. Coarsely; plainly; roughly. 
 
 I can keep honest counsels, mart a curious tale 
 in telling it, and deliver a plain message bluntly. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 A man of honest blood, 
 Wiio to his wife, before the time assign'd 
 For childbirth came, thus bluntly spoke his mirul. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Blun'tness. n. s. [from blunt.] 
 
 1. Want of edge or point; dulness; ob- 
 tuseness; want of sharpness. 
 
 The crafty boy, that had full oft essay 'd 
 To pierce my stubborn and resisting breast. 
 But still the bl^ntness of Ins darts betray 'd. 
 
 Suckling, 
 
 2. Coarseness; roughness of manners; 
 rude sincerity. 
 
 His silence grew wit, his bluntness integrity, his 
 beastly' ignorance virtuous simplicity. Sidney. 
 Manage dispute with civility ; whence some 
 readers will be assisted to discern a difference be- 
 twixt bluntnt'ss of speech and strength of reason. 
 
 Boyle. 
 False friends, his deadliest foes, could find no 
 way, 
 But shows of honest bluntness to betray. Dryden. 
 
 Blu'ntwitted. adj. [from blunt and 
 wit.] Dull; stupid; 
 
 Bluntuitted lord, ignoble in demcanour.5/iafc«p, 
 
 BLUR. n. s. [bona. Span, a blot. Skin- 
 7ier.] A blot; a stain; a spot. 
 
 i\Ian, once fallen, was nothing but a great blur ; 
 a total universal pollution. South. 
 
 To Blur. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To blot; to obscure; without quite 
 efiacing. 
 
 Such an act. 
 That blurs the grace and blush of modesty, 
 Calls virtue hypocrite. ^ Skakesp. 
 
 Long is it since I saw him ; 
 But time hath nothing blurr'd those lines of favour. 
 Which then he wore. Shaketp. 
 
 Concerning innate principles, I desire these men 
 to say, whether they can, or cannot, by education 
 and custom., be blurred and blotted out? Locke. 
 
 2. To blot ; to stain ; to sully. 
 
 Sarcasms may eclipse thine own. 
 But cannot blur my lost renown. Hudihras, 
 
 To Blurt, v. a. [without etymology.] 
 To speak inadvertently ; to let fly with- 
 out thinking; commonly with out in- 
 tensive. 
 
 200
 
 B L U 
 
 Otiiers cast out bloorfy and deadly speeches at 
 random; and cannot hold, but blurt out, those 
 words, which afterwards thcv are forced U> cat. 
 
 HnckuHl. 
 
 They had some belief of a Deity, which they, 
 upon surprizal, thus blurt out. Goivrn. of the Tongue 
 
 They blush if llicv blurt out, ere well aware, 
 A swan is white, orQueensburv is fair. Youji^. 
 
 To BLUSH. V. n. [blosen, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . To betray shame, or confusion, by a 
 red colour on the cheek or forehead. 
 
 I have inark'd 
 A thousand blushing apparitions 
 To start into her face ; a thousand innocent shames. 
 In angel « liileness, bear away these blushes. Shak. 
 
 I will KO wash : 
 And, when niv face is fair, you shall perceive 
 Whether I bliish or no. _ Shakesp. 
 
 All these things are graceful in a friend's moutri, 
 w.'iich an' blushing in a man's own. Bucou. 
 
 Shame causeth blushing ; blushing is the resort of 
 the blood to the face ; although blushing will be 
 seen in the whole breast, yet that is but in pas- 
 sage to tile face. Bacon. 
 
 Blush then, bul6/ii,s'i for your destructive silence, 
 That tears your soul. Smith. 
 
 2. To carry a red colour, or any soft and 
 bright colour. 
 
 To-day he puts forth 
 The tender leaves of hojfc ; to-morrow blossoms. 
 And bears his blushing honours thick upon him. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But here the roses blush so rare, 
 Here the mornings smile so fair. 
 As if neither cloud, nor wind. 
 But would be courte(,u5, would be kind. Crashaw. 
 Along those blushing borders, bright with dew, 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 3. It has at before the cause of shame. 
 
 He whin'd, and roar'd away your victory. 
 That pages hlnsWd at him ; and men of heart 
 Look d wond'riug at each other. Shakesp. 
 
 You have not yet lost all your natural modest^', 
 but blush at 3'our vices. Culamy's Sermons. 
 
 To Blush, v. a. To make red. Not used. 
 
 Pale and bloodless, 
 Being all descended to the lab'ring heart. 
 Which with the heart there cools, and ne'er re- 
 
 turneth 
 To blush and beautify the cheek again. Shakesit. 
 
 Blush, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The colour in the cheeks, raised by 
 sliame or confusion. 
 
 The virgin's wish, without her fears, impart ; 
 Excuse the blush, and pour out all the heart. Pope. 
 
 2. A red or purple colour. 
 
 3. Sudden appearance; a signification that 
 seems barbarous, yet used by good 
 writers. 
 
 All purely identical propositions, obviously, 
 and at first hlush, appear to contain no certain in- 
 struction in them. Locke. 
 
 Blushy. adj. [from blush.] Having the 
 colour of a blush. 
 
 Blossoius of trees, that are w-hite, are commonly 
 inodorate ; those of apples, crabs, peaches, are 
 blushy, and smell sweet. Bacon. 
 
 Stratonica entering, moved a bhtshv colour in 
 his face ; but deserting him, he relapsed into pale- 
 ness and langour. Hariey on Consumptions. 
 
 To BLU'STER. v.n. [supposed from blast.] 
 
 1. To roar as a storm ; to be violent and 
 loud. 
 
 Earth his uncouth mother was, 
 And blust'ring ^olus his boasted sire. Spenser. 
 
 So now he storms with many a sturdy sioure ; 
 So now Wis blust'ring blast each coast doth scour. 
 
 SpcTiser. 
 
 2. To bully; to puff; to swagger; to be 
 tumultuous. 
 
 My heart's too big to bear this, says a blustering 
 fejlow ; I'll destroy myself. Sir, says the gentle- 
 man, here's a dagger at your service ; so the hu- 
 mour went off. L'Estrange. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 BOA 
 
 Either lie must sink tu a downrif^lil confession, 
 or ntust hulT and bbisttrr, till perhaps he raise a 
 counter-sti>rni. Ooitfniment <•/ the Tongiie. 
 
 Virgil had the niajtsty of a h\s (ui i)t\i\cc, and 
 Statiiis only the b'.ustfring of a tyrant. Dryden. 
 
 There let him reign the jailor of the wind ; 
 With hoarse commands his hrcathlnc subjects call. 
 And boast and bluster in Ins enij)ty hall. Drydtn, 
 
 Bluster, w.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Roar of storms; tempest. 
 
 The skies look grimly. 
 And threaten present blusters. Shakesp. 
 
 To tiie winds they bet 
 Their corners ; when with bluster lo confound 
 Sea, hir, and shore. Milton. 
 
 2. Noise; tumult. 
 
 So by tiie brazen trumpet's bluster, 
 Troops of all tongues and nations niuster. SuiJ't. 
 
 3. Turbulence; fury. 
 
 Spare thy Athenian cradle, and tht.'sekin, 
 Which in tne blnsttr of thy wrath must fall 
 With those that have otiended. Shakes]). 
 
 4. Boast ; boisterousness. 
 
 A coward makes a great deal more bluster thun 
 a man of honour. L'Kstrange. 
 
 Blu'sterer. 71. s. [fcom bluster] A swag- 
 gerer; a bully; a tumultuous noisy 
 fellow. 
 
 Blu'strous. adj. [from bluster,] Tumul- 
 tuous; noisy. 
 
 The ancient heroes were illustrious 
 For being benign, and not btustrous. Hudibras. 
 
 BMI. n. s, A note in musick. 
 
 Gamut I am, the ground of all accord, 
 Bmi, Bianca, take him for thy lord. Shakesp. 
 
 Bo. interj. A word of terrour ; from Bo^ 
 an oltl northern captain, of such fame, 
 that his name was used to terrify the 
 enemy. Temple. 
 
 BOAR, n, s. [bafi, Saxon; beer, Dutch.] 
 The male swine. 
 
 To fly the boar, before the boar pursues. 
 Were to incense the hoar to foilnw us. Shahesj). 
 
 She sped the boar away : 
 His eyeballs glare wiih five, sutVus'd with blood ; 
 His neck shuts up a thickest thorny wood ; 
 His bristled back a trench inipal'd appears. Dryd. 
 
 Bo'ar-spear. n,s. [from 6oflr and spem\] 
 A spear used in hunting the boar. 
 
 And in her hand a sharp boar-spear she held. 
 And at her back a bow and q\uvergaV) 
 Stutl'd with steel-headed darts. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Eschion threw the first, but missM his mark, 
 And struck bis boar-spear on a maple bark. Dryd. 
 
 BOARD, n.s. [baurd, Cioth. bnaed. Sax.] 
 
 1. A piece of wood of more length and 
 breadtli than thickness. 
 
 With the saw they sundred trees in boards and 
 planks. Raleigh. 
 
 Every house has a board over the door, whereon 
 is written the number, sex, and quality of the 
 persons living in it. * Temple. 
 
 Go now, go trust tlie wind's uncertain breath, 
 Remov'd four fingers from approaching death ; 
 Or seven at most, when thickest is the board. Diyd. 
 
 2. A table, [from burdd^ Welsh.] 
 
 Soon after which, three hundred lords he slew, 
 Of British bhjod, all sitting at his board. Fairy Q. 
 
 Jn bed he slept not, for my urging it; 
 At board he fed not, for my urging it. Shakesp. 
 
 I'll follow thee in fun'ral flames ; when dead. 
 My ghost shall thee attend at board and bed. 
 
 Sir J. Denham. 
 Cleopatra made Antony a supuer, which was 
 sumptuous and royal ; liu'Tbi^it there was no ex- 
 traordinary service upon tiie board. 
 
 HakeuHt on Providence. 
 May ev'ry god his friendly aid atford ; 
 Pan guard thy flock, and Ceres bless thy board. 
 
 Vrior. 
 
 3. Entertainment; food. 
 
 BOA 
 
 4. A tal)le at which a council or court is 
 held. 
 
 Both better acquainted with affairs, liian any 
 other who sal then at that board. Clarcnd'm. 
 
 5. An assembly seated at a table; a court 
 of jurisdiction. 
 
 I wish the king would be pleased sometimes to 
 ' be present at thatfnwr<f ; itadils a majesty to it. 
 ' Bacon . 
 
 . 6. The deck or floor of a ship ; on board 
 
 \ signifies in a ship. 
 
 j Now htmrd to btHird the rival vessels row. 
 
 The billows lave the skies, and ocean groans below. 
 
 i)ri/c/en 
 Our captain thought his ship in so great danger, 
 that he Confessed luioself to a capuchin, who wa: 
 on board. Addiim. 
 
 He ordered liis men to ann long poles wiiji 
 sharp hooks, wherewith they took hi. hi of the tack- 
 ling wliich held the niainyard to the nia^it of their 
 enemy's ship; then rowing their own ship, tiiejr 
 cut the tackling, and brought the niainyard by 
 the board. ArbtUhnot on Coins. 
 
 To Board, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To enter a ship by force; the same as 
 to storm, used of a city. 
 
 I boarded the king's ship ; now on the beak. 
 Now in the waste, tiie deck, in every cabin, 
 1 flam'd aniazemetu. SItaketp. 
 
 He, not inclin'd the English ship to board, 
 IVIore on his guns relies than on hi> sword. 
 From w hence a fatal volley we receiv'd ; 
 It niiss'd the duke, but his great heart it griev'd. 
 
 WaUer. 
 
 \tm, arm, she cry*d, and let our Tyrians board 
 \Vitli ours his fleet, and carry fire and sword. Dcti. 
 
 2. To attack, or make the first attempt 
 upon a man ; abordir quelqu'un, Fr. 
 
 \\'honi, thus at gaze, the palmer 'gall tu board 
 With goodly reason, and thus fair besj*ake. 
 
 i'airy Quern. 
 
 Away, I do beseech you both, awav ; 
 I'll board him presently. Shakesj>. Hamlet. 
 
 Sure, unless he knew some strain in me, thai I 
 knew not myself, he would never have boarded 
 me in this fury. Shakesp. 
 
 They leani what associates and correspondents 
 they had, and how far every one is engaged, and 
 what new ones they meant afterwards to try or 
 board. Bacon s Henry V U. 
 
 3. To lay or pave with boards. 
 
 Having thus boarded the whole room, the edges 
 of some Duards lie higher than the next board: 
 Therefore they peruse the wiiole floor ; and, where 
 they iind any irregularities, plane them off. 
 
 Moion's yiechajiical fjrrriscJ. 
 
 To Board, r. n. To live in a house, 
 where a certain rate is paid for eating. 
 
 That we might not part. 
 As we at first did b*vird with thee. 
 Now thou w uuldst taste our misery. Herbert. 
 
 We are several of us, gentlemen and l.idies, who 
 board in the same house ; and, after dinner, one of 
 our Company stands up, and reads your paper to 
 us all. Spectator. 
 
 To Board, v. a. To place as a boarder in. 
 
 another's house. 
 BoARD-w.\GES. n.s. [from board and 
 
 «'</£■<■*■.] Wages allowed to servants to 
 
 keep themselves in victuals. 
 
 What more than madness reigns 
 When one short sitting many hundreds drains ; 
 And not enough is left him to supply 
 BiMird-wages, or a footman's livery. Dnjdcn. 
 
 Bo'arder. n. s. [from board.] .\ tabler: 
 one that eats with another at a settled 
 rate. 
 
 Bo'ARDlNG-scHOOL. n. s. \fvom board 
 and school.] A school where the scho- 
 lars live witli the teacher. It is com- 
 monly used of a school for girls. 
 
 Dd 
 
 201
 
 BOA 
 
 A blockhead, wilh melodious voice. 
 In boarding-schiKils can llave his clioice. _ Swift. 
 
 BOARISH. adj. [from boar.] Swinish; 
 
 brutal; cruel. 
 
 I would not see thy cruel nails 
 Pluck out his poor old eyes ; nor thy fierce sister 
 In his anointed flesh sticii boarkh fangs. Shahesp. 
 
 To BOAST. V. n. [host, Welsh.] 
 
 1. To brag; to display one's own worth, 
 or actions, in great words. 
 
 Let not him that putteth on his harness, fcoast 
 liiuiself as he that putteth it olF. Kings. 
 
 The spirits beneath, 
 WTioni 1 seduc'd, boasting I could subdue 
 Th' Omnipotent. Miltcn. 
 
 2. To talk ostentatiously. 
 
 For I know the forwardness of your mind, for 
 which I boast of vou to them of Macedonia. 
 
 1 Cor. ix. 2. 
 
 3. It is used commonly with of. 
 
 My sentence is for open w ar ; iifwiles. 
 More inexpert, 1 boast not. Milton, 
 
 1. Sometimes with in. 
 
 Thev boast in mortal things, and wondering tell 
 Of Baliel, and the works of Memphian kings. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Some surgeons I have met, carrying bones about 
 
 in tlieir poCKets, boasting i/i that which was their 
 
 shame. Wiseman. 
 
 5. To exalt one's self. 
 
 Thus with 5 our mouth you have boasted against 
 me, and multiplied your words against me. 
 
 Ezek. xx.xv. 13. 
 
 To Boast, v. a. 
 
 1 . To brag of; to display with ostentatious 
 language. 
 
 For if I have boasted any thing to him of you, I 
 am not ashamed. 2 Cor. vii. 1-1. 
 
 Neither do the spirits damn'd 
 Lose all their virtue, lest bad men should boast 
 Their specious deeds. Milton. 
 
 If they vouchsafed to 2:ive God the praise of 
 his goodness; yet they did it only, in order to 
 boast the interest they had in them. Atterbury. 
 
 2. To magnify ; to exalt. 
 
 They that trust in their wealth, and boast thera- 
 selves'in the multitude of tlieir riches. ¥sal. xli.x. 6. 
 
 Confounded be all them that serve graven images 
 tliat boast themselves of idols. rsalm xcvii. 7. 
 
 Boast, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. An expression of ostentation; a proud 
 speech. 
 
 Thou, that makest thy boast of the law. through 
 breaking the law dishouourest thou Uod ? 
 
 Romajis. II. 23. 
 
 The world is more apt to find fault than to 
 commend; the fcoast will probably be censured, 
 when the great action that occasioned it is for- 
 gotten. Spectator. 
 
 2. A cause of boasting; an occasion of 
 pride; the thing boasted. 
 
 Not Tyro, nor ]\Iycene, match her name. 
 Nor grea't Alcmena.'the proud boasts of fame. Pope. 
 
 Bo'astee. n.s. [from 6oas<. ].\bragger; a 
 man that vaunts any thing ostentatiously. 
 
 Complaints the more candid and judicious of 
 the ch^inists themselves are wont to make of those 
 boasters, that confidently pretend that they have 
 extracted the salt or sulphur of quicksilver, w hen 
 they have disguised it by additaments, where- 
 with it resembles the concretes. Boyle. 
 
 No more delays, vain boaster! but begin; 
 I prophesy hefoVehand I shall win : 
 I'll teach you how to brag another time. Dryd. 
 
 He the proud boosters sent, with stern assault, 
 Down to the realms of night. Philips. 
 
 Bo'astful. adj. [from boast and full.] 
 Ostentatious ; inclined to brag. 
 
 Boastful, and rough, yovir first son is a squire; 
 The next a tradesman, meek, and nmchaliar. Pope. 
 
 Bo'astingly. adv. [from boasting.] Os- 
 tentatiously. 
 
 We look on it as a pitch of impiety, boastinglij 
 to avow our sins ; and it deserves to be considered, 
 
 BOB 
 
 whether this kind of confessing them, have not 
 some affinity with it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 BOAT, n.s, [bat, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A vessel to pass the -water in. It is 
 usually distinguished from otlier vessels, 
 by being smaller and uncovered, and 
 commonly moved by rowing. 
 
 I do not think that any one nation, the Syrian 
 excepted, to whom the knowledge of the ajkcame, 
 did hnd out at once the device of either ship or 
 /jfiflt, in « Iiich they durst venture themselves 
 upon the seas. liulci^h's Kssaijs. 
 
 Auetfeminatc scoundrel multitude ! 
 Whose utmost daring is to cross tlie Nile, 
 In painted boats, to fright the crocodile. Tate's Jiiv. 
 
 2. A ship of a small size; as, a passage 
 boat, pacquct boat, advice hoaljjly boat. 
 
 Boa'tion. n. s. [from hoare, Lat.] Roar; 
 noise ; loud sound. 
 
 In Messina insurrection, the guns were heard 
 from thence as far as Augusta and Syracuse, about 
 an hundred Italian miles, in ioud />o*if jc»/(5. 
 
 Verham's Pliv^ico-Tlteologu. 
 Bo'atman. 1 7i.5. [from boat and ma7i.] 
 BoATSMAN. J He that manages a boat. 
 
 Boatsmeii through the crystal water show, 
 To wond'ring passengers, the walls below. Dryd. 
 
 That booby Phaon only was unkind. 
 An ill-bred 6oa(ma«, rough as waves and wind.Prtiw 
 
 Bo'atswain. n.s. [fromboat andsivain.] 
 An officer on board a ship, who has 
 charge of all her rigging, ropes, cables, 
 anchors, sails^ flags, colours, p.ndants, 
 &c. He also takes care of the long-boat, 
 and its furniture, and steers her either 
 by himself or his mate. He calls out the 
 several gangs and companies to the exe- 
 cution of then* watches, their works., 
 and spells : and he is also a knid of pro- 
 vost-marshal, seizes and punishes all 
 offenders, that are sentenced by the 
 captain, or court-martial of the whole 
 fleet. Harris. 
 
 Sometimes the meanest boatswain may help to 
 preserve the ship from sinking. 
 
 Hoivell's Pre-eminetice i^ Parliament. 
 
 To BOB. V. a. [of uncertain etymology ; 
 57a>/Wf?'deducesitfrom6o/'ofoolish,Span,] 
 
 1. To cut. Junius. Whence bobialL 
 
 2. To beat ; to drub ; to bang. 
 
 Those bastard Britons, whom our fathers 
 
 Have in their own land beaten, bobb\i and 
 
 thump'd. Sliukesp. 
 
 3. To cheat; to gain by fraud. 
 
 I have bobbed his brain more than he has beat 
 my bones. _ Hhakesp. 
 
 Live Roderieo, 
 He calls me to a restitution large 
 Of gold and jewels that I bobb'd from him. 
 As gifts to Desdemona. Shahesp. 
 
 Here we have been worrving one another, who 
 should have the boot3-, till this cursed fox has 
 bobbed us both on 't, L' Estrange. 
 
 To Bob. v. 71. To play backward and for- 
 ward ; to play loosely against any thing. 
 
 And sometimes lurk I in a gossip's bowl. 
 In very likeness of a roasted crab ; 
 And when she drinks against her lips T boh. 
 And on her wither'd deulap pour the ale. 
 
 Midsummer Night's Dream. 
 
 They comb, and then thev order every hair; 
 A birthday jewel fi(jWn»o-at"their ear. ' Dryden. 
 
 You may tell her, 
 I'm rich in jewels, rings, and bobbing pearls, 
 Pliick'd from Moors' ears. Dryden. 
 
 Bob. n. s [from the verb neuter.] 
 
 1. Something that hangs so as to play 
 
 loosely ; generally an ornament at the 
 
 ear ; a pendant ; an ear-ring. 
 
 202 
 
 BOD 
 
 Tlie gaudy gossip, when she's set agog. 
 In jewels drest, and at each ear a bob. Dryden. 
 
 2. The words repeated at the end of a stanza 
 
 To bed, to bed, will be ihc bob of the song. 
 
 VEstrangt. 
 
 3. A blow. 
 
 I am sharpl3' taunted, yea sometimes with 
 
 pinches, nips, and bobs. Ascham^s Schoohnaster, 
 
 4 A mode of ringing. 
 
 Bo'bbin. n.s. [bobine, Fr. fi*om bomhyx, 
 Lat.] A small pin of wood, with a notch, 
 to wind the thread about Avhen women 
 weave lace. 
 
 The things you follow, and make sonos on now, 
 should be sent to knit, or sit down to bobbins, or 
 bonelacc. Taller. 
 
 Bo'bbinwork. n.s. [from hobin and 
 work.'] Work woven with bobbins. 
 
 Not netted nor woven with warp and woof, but 
 after the manner of bobbimcork. Greic's MustEum. 
 Bo'bcherry. n. s. [from bob and clterri/.~\ 
 A play among children, in which the 
 chen*y is hung so as to bob against the 
 mouth. 
 
 Bohcherry teaches at once two noble virtues, 
 patience and ctmstancy ; the first, in adhering to 
 the pursuit of one end; the latter, in bearing a 
 disappointment. Arbuthnot and Pope, 
 
 Bo'etail. n.s. [from bob, in the sense 
 of cm/.] Cut tail; short tail. 
 
 Avaunt, you curs! 
 Be thy mouth or black or white, 
 Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail, 
 Tom will make him weep and wail. Shahesp. 
 
 Ho'btailed. adj. [from bobtail.] Having 
 a tail cut, or short. 
 
 There was a bohtailed cur cried in a gazette, and 
 one that found him brought him home to his 
 ma s ter. V Estrange. 
 
 Bo'bwig. n.s. [from bob and w/"*.] A 
 short wig. 
 
 A young fellow riding towards us full gallop, 
 with 'a bobu-ig and a black silken ha^ tied to it, 
 stopt short at the coach, to ask us how far the 
 judges were beliind. Spectattrt. 
 
 Bo'cAsiNE. n.s. A sort of linen cloth; 
 a fine buckram. Diet, 
 
 Bo'ckelet. \ n. s. A kind of long- 
 Bo'cKERET. J winged hawk. Diet, 
 To BODE. V. a. [bobian. Sax.] To por- 
 tend; to be the omen of. It is used in 
 a sense of either good or bad. 
 This bodes some strange eruption to our state. 
 
 Hamlet. 
 
 Vou have opposed their false policy with true 
 
 and great wisdom; what they 6o;/ed would be a 
 
 mischief to us, jou are providing shall be one of 
 
 our principal strengths. Spratt's Sermons. 
 
 It happen'd once, a boding prodigy \ 
 A swarm of bees that cut the liquid sky 
 Upon the topmast branch in clouds alight. Dryd* 
 
 If fiery red his glowing globe descencis. 
 High winds and furious tempests he portends^ 
 Bnl if his cheeks aresuoln with livid blue, 
 He hodes wet weather by his watry hue. Dryd. 
 
 To Bode. v. n. To be an omen; to 
 foreshew. 
 
 Sir. give me leave to say, whatever now 
 The omen prove, it boded well to you. Dryden. 
 Bo'dement. n. s. [from bode.] Portent; 
 omen ; prognostick. 
 
 This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl 
 Makes all tliese bodements. Shahesp. 
 
 Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be, until 
 Great Birnam wood to Duuhinane's high hill 
 Shall come against hiui- 
 
 • I'hat will never be: 
 
 Sweet boilements, good. Sltahegp. 
 
 To Bodge, v. n. [a word in Shakespeare, 
 which is perhaps corrupted from bog- 
 gle.] To boggle ; to stop ; to fail.
 
 BOD 
 
 With tl:is we charg'd again ; but out, alas ! 
 We bodg'd again : as I have seen a swan, 
 With bootless labour, swim against the tide, Shak. 
 
 Bo'dice. M.S. [from bodies.] Stays; a 
 waistcoat quilted with whalebone, worn 
 by women. 
 
 Her bodice halfway she unlacM; 
 . About his arms she slily east 
 The silken band, and held him fast. Prior. 
 
 Tliis consideration should keep ignorant nurses 
 and bodice makers from meddling. Locke. 
 
 Bo'diless. adj. [from bodi/.] Incorpo- 
 real ; having no body. 
 
 They bodiless and innnaterial are, 
 And can be only lodp'd w itliin our minds. Davies. 
 
 'i'his is the very coinage of our brain ; 
 This bodiless creation ecstacy 
 Is veiv cunning in. ' Shake^p. 
 
 Tlie'se are but shadows, 
 Phantoms bodiless and vain, 
 Empty visions of the brain. Swift. 
 
 Bo'dily. adj. [Crombodi/.] 
 
 1. Corporeal; containing body. 
 
 What resemblance could wood or stone bear to 
 a spirit void of all sensible qualities, and boditu 
 dimensions? S'tttll. 
 
 2. Relating to the body, not the mind. 
 
 Of such as resorted to our Saviour Christ, being 
 present on earth, there came not any unto hiiii 
 with better success, for the benefit of their souls 
 everlasting happiness, than they whose bodily ne- 
 cessities gave occasion of seeking relief. Hooker. 
 
 A'irtiie atones for boditij defects ; beauty is no- 
 tliiiig worth, without a mind. L'F!strange. 
 
 As clearness of the bodily eye doth dispose it 
 for a quicker sight; so dotiiYreedom from lust 
 and passion dispose us for the most perfect acts 
 of reason. Tiltotsoit. 
 
 I would not have children much beaten for 
 their faults, because I would not have them think 
 bodily i^ain the greatest punishment. Locke. 
 
 3. Real ; actual. 
 
 Whatever hath been thought on in this state, 
 That could be brought to bodily act, ere Rome 
 Had circumvention. Shakcsp. 
 
 Bodily, adv. Corporeally; united with 
 matter. 
 
 It is his human nature, in which the godhead 
 dwells bodiltfr that is advanced to these htmuurs, 
 and to this empire. Walls. 
 
 Bodkin. ?i.s. [boddiken, or small body; 
 Skinner.] 
 
 1. \n instrument with a small blade and 
 sharp point, used to bore holes. 
 
 Each of them had bodkiiis in their hands, w-here- 
 with cuiUinuully lliey pricked hiu). Sidncu. 
 
 2. An instrument to draw a tliread or rib- 
 band through a loop. 
 
 Or plung'd iji lakes of bitter washes lie, 
 Or wedg'd whole ages in a bodkins eye. Pope. 
 
 3. All instrument to dress the hair. 
 
 You took constant care 
 The bodkin, comb, and essence to prepare : 
 For this your locks in paper durance bound. Pope. 
 
 BO'DY. n. s. [bobij, Saxon ; it originally 
 
 signified the height or stature of a man.'] 
 
 1. The material substance of an animal, 
 opposed to the immaterial soul. 
 
 All the valiant men arose, and went all niaht, 
 and took the body of Saul, and the bodies of'his 
 sons, from the wall. Samuel. 
 
 Take no thought for your life, what ye shall 
 eat, or what ye shall drink ; nor yet for y <)ur body. 
 what ye shall put on. Matthe'n: 
 
 By custom, practice, and patience, all diflicul- 
 Ues and hardships, whether of 6«(i/or of fortune, 
 are made easy. " L'Kstrange. 
 
 2. Matter: opposed to spirit. 
 
 3. A person; a human being; whence 
 somebody and nobody. 
 
 BOG 
 
 Surely, a wise hody't part it were not to put out 
 Ills fire, because liis fuutisli ueiglibour, from whom 
 he borrowed whcrewitli to kindle it, might 5ay, 
 were it not for luc thou wouldst freeze Hooker. 
 
 A dcflow'red maid ! 
 And by an eminent body^ that eiiforc'd 
 The law aguin&t it. Sliahesp. 
 
 'Tis a passing shame, 
 That I, unworthy body Hi, I am, 
 Shiiuld censure iluis on lovely gentlemen. Shak. 
 
 No M/y scetii me ; what need I to fear? the 
 Most High will nut renieniber my sius. Ecclus. 
 
 All civility and reason obliged evcrv biuiy to 
 submit. Clarendon. 
 
 Good may be drawn out of evil, and a body's 
 life may be saved withuut having any obligation 
 to Ills preserver. L'Estraiige. 
 
 4. Reality; opposed to representation : a 
 scriptural sense, 
 
 A shadow of things to come ; but the Inidy is of 
 Christ. / Colossiam. 
 
 5. A collective mass ; a joint power. 
 
 There is in the knowledge both of God and 
 man this certainty, tJiat life and death have di- 
 vided between them the whole body of mankind. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 There were so many disaffected persons of ilic 
 nobility, that there might a body start up fur the 
 king. Clarendon. 
 
 \Vhcn pigmies pretend to form themselves into 
 abodu, it is time for us, who are men of figure, 
 to look about us. AddUon's Gnordian. 
 
 6. The main army; the battle: distinct 
 from the Avings, van, and rear. 
 
 The van of ihe king's army "as led by llie 
 general and \Vilmot ; in the bodff was the king and 
 the prince ; and the rear consisted of one thousand 
 foot, commanded under colonel Thelwell. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 7. A corporation ; a number of men united 
 by some common tie. 
 
 I shall now meiUion a particular wherein your 
 whole bodi^ will be certainly against nie, ana tlic 
 laitv, almost to a man, on liiy side. Sicift. 
 
 Nothing was more connnon, than to hear that 
 reverend body charged with what is inconsistent ; 
 despised for their poverty, and hated for their 
 riches. Suiji. 
 
 Q. The main part ; the bulk : as, the bodj/, 
 or hull, of a ship ; the bodi/ of a coach ; 
 the bodi/ of a chiu-ch ; the bodt/y or trunk, 
 of a man ; the bodi/, or trunk, of a tree. 
 
 Thence sent rich merchandizes by boat to Ba- 
 bylon ; from whence, by the body of Euplirates, 
 as far as it bended westward ; and, afterward, bv 
 a branch thereof. Raleigfi. 
 
 This city has navigable rivers, that run up into 
 tlie bodu of Italy ; they might supply many coun- 
 tries with fish. Addison. 
 
 9. A substance; matter, as distinguished 
 from otiier matter. 
 
 Even a metalline bodtj, and therefore much 
 more a vegetable or animal, may, by fire, be 
 turned into wa:er. Boyle. 
 
 10. [In geometry.] Any solid figure. 
 \l. \ pandect; a general collection; as, a 
 
 body of the civil law ; a bod^ oi^ dWinity. 
 12. Strength ; as, wine of a good bodt/. 
 Body-clothes. 7i, s. [from bodi/ and 
 
 clothes.] Clothing for horses that are 
 
 dieted, 
 I am informed, that several asses are kept in 
 
 bodu-cloaths, and sweated every morning unun the 
 
 heath. ' Addison. 
 
 To Bo'dy. r. a. [from tlie noun.] To 
 produce in some form. 
 
 ,\s imagination htviies forth 
 The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen 
 Turns them In shape. Sluikcsp. 
 
 BOG. 7K s. [boor soft, Irish ; bague, Fr.] A 
 mari:!i ; a morass ; a ground too soft to 
 bear the weight of the body. 
 
 B o I 
 
 'Hironcb fire and through flame, through ford 
 and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire. Shaketp. 
 
 A gulf profound ! as thai Serbonian bog, 
 Belwixt Damiatii and mount Ca»iu9 old. Milton. 
 
 He walks upon bo"-! and whirlpools; whercs'j- 
 ever he treads, he sinks. South. 
 
 Le.'ini from st> great a wit, a land of 6<^, 
 With ditches feiic'd, a licaven fat with fogs. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 
 He is drawn, b}' a sort of ipiis fatuia, into bo^s 
 and mire almost every day ofhis Fife. M'atU. 
 
 Bog-trotter, n. s. [from bog and tro(.] 
 One that lives in a boggy country. 
 
 To BOGGLE, r. h. [from bogii, Dutch, 
 a spectre, a bugbear, a phantom.] 
 
 1 . To start ; to fly back ; to fear to come 
 forward. 
 
 You boggle shrewdly ; every feallier starU vou. 
 
 Slia)'.e$p. 
 
 We start and boggle at every unusual apoear- 
 
 ance, and cannot endure the sight of the bugbear. 
 
 OratuilU. 
 Nature, that rude, and in her first essay» 
 Stood boggling at the roughness of the way ; 
 Vs'd to Uie road, unknowing to return. 
 Goes boldly on, and loves tlic ]>alh when worn. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To liesitate; to be in doubt. 
 
 And never boggle to restore 
 I'he members you deliver o'er, 
 Upon demand" Hudibras. 
 
 The well-shaped changeling is a man that has a 
 rational soul, say you ? Make the ears a littJe 
 longer, and more pointed, and the nose a little 
 flatter than ordinary, and then you begin to boggle. 
 
 IakU. 
 
 3. To play fast and loose; to dissemble. 
 
 When summoned to his last end, it was no time 
 fur him to boggle w itii tlie world. Hoicil. 
 
 BoGGLER. n. s. [from boggle,] A doubter; 
 a timorous man. 
 You have been a boggier ever. Sliakesp. 
 
 Bo'ggy. adj. [from bog.] Marshy; 
 swampy. 
 
 Their country was very narrow, low, and boggy, 
 and, by great" industry'and expenses, defeiided 
 from the sea. . rbuthnot. 
 
 BoGHOLSE 71. 5. [from bog and house.] 
 
 A house of office. 
 BoHEA. «. s. [an Indian word.] A species 
 of tea, of higher colour, and more as- 
 tringent taste, than green tea. 
 
 Coarse pewter, consisting chiefly of lead, is 
 part of the bales ia which bohea tea was brought 
 from China. U'ocduard. 
 
 As some frail cup of China's fairest mold 
 Tlie tumults of Uie boiling bohea braves. 
 And holds secure the cofiee's sable waves. 7^^^// 
 
 She went from opera, park, assembly, play, 
 To morning walks, and pniy'rs three hours a day^ 
 To part her time 'twixt reaciing and bohea, 
 l"o mu<e, and spill her solitary lea. Pop^. 
 
 To BOIL. V. n. [bouiller,'VT. biillio, Ut.] 
 
 1. To be agitated by heat; to fluctuate 
 with lieat. 
 
 He saw there (>oi/ the fiery whirlpools. Chap. 
 
 Suppose the earth removed, aiid placed nearer 
 to the sun, in llie orhit of Mercury, there the 
 whole ocean would boil with extremity of heat. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 2. To be hot; to be fervent, or efferves- 
 cent. 
 
 That strength with which my boiling youtlt wa, 
 fraught. 
 When in tlie vale of Balasor I fought. Dryden. 
 
 Well I knew 
 What perils youthful ardour would pursue, 
 That boiling bloi>d would carry thee too far. DryH. 
 
 3. To move with an agitation like that of 
 boiling water, 
 
 203
 
 B O I 
 
 Then headlong shoots beneath the dashing tide, 
 The trembling fins the boiling waves divide. Cay. 
 
 4. To be in hot liquor, in order to be made 
 tender by the heat. 
 
 Fillet of a fenny snake. 
 In the cauldron boil and bake. ihakesp. 
 
 5. To cook by boiling. 
 
 If vou live in a rich family, roasting and boiling 
 are below the dignity of your office, and which it 
 becomes you to be ignorant of. Su-ift. 
 
 fi. To boil over. To run over the vessel 
 with heat. 
 
 A few soft words and a kiss, and the good man 
 melts; see how nature works and bails oiicr in him. 
 
 Congreve. 
 This hollow was a vast cauldron, filled with 
 melted matter, which, as it boiled oyer in any part, 
 ran down the sides of the mountain. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 To Boil. v. a. To heat, by putting into 
 boiling water; to seeth. 
 
 To try wliether seeds be old or new, the sense 
 cannot inform ; but if you boil them in water, the 
 new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon. 
 
 In eggs boiled and roasted, into which the water 
 enteretir not at all, there is scarce any difference 
 to be discerned. Bacon. 
 
 Boil. n.s. See Bile. 
 
 Bo'lLARY. v.s. [from To boil.] A place at 
 
 the salt works where the salt is boiled. 
 Bo'lLER. n.s. [from boil.] 
 
 1 . The person that boils any thing. 
 
 That such alterations of terrestrial matter are not 
 impossible, seems evident from that notable prac- 
 tice of the boilers of salt-petre. _ Boyle. 
 
 2. The vessel in which any thing is boiled. 
 
 This coffee-room is much frequented ; and there 
 are generally several pots and boilers before the 
 f^j^^ Wooda'ard. 
 
 BOISTEROUS, adj. [byster furious, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. Violent; loud; roaring; stormy. 
 
 By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust 
 Ensuing danger ; as by proof we see 
 The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak. 
 As wlicn loud winds a well-grown oak would 
 rend 
 Up by the roots, this way and that they bend 
 His reeling trunk, and w'ith abolit'roas sound 
 Scatter his leaves, and strew them on the ground. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 2. Turbulent ; tumultuous ; furious. 
 
 Spirit of peace, 
 Wherefore do you so ill translate yourself 
 Out of the speech of peace, that bears such grace. 
 Into the harsh and boist'rous tongue of war ? Shak. 
 
 His sweetness won a more regard 
 Unto his place, than all the boist'rous moods 
 That ignorant greatness practiscth, Ben Sanson. 
 
 God into (he hands of their deliverer 
 Puts invincible miglrt. 
 
 To quell tlie miglily of the earth, th' oppressor. 
 The brute and boisi'rom force of violent inen. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Still must I beg thee not to name Serapronius : 
 
 Lucia, I like not tliat loud boisterous man. Addison. 
 
 3. Unwieldy ; clumsily violent. 
 
 His tmstermis club, so buried in the ground, 
 He could not rearen up again so light, 
 But that the knight linn at advantage found. 
 
 Faira Queen. 
 
 4. It is used by Woodward of heat ; violent. 
 
 When the sun hath gained a greater strength, 
 
 the heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for 
 
 tbem. Natural History. 
 
 Bo'lSTEROUSLY. adv. [from boisterous.] 
 
 Violently ; tumultuously. 
 
 A sceptre, snalch'd with an unruly hand. 
 Must be as boisterously maiiitain'd as gain'd. Shak. 
 
 Those are all remains of the universal deluge, 
 when the water of the ocean, being boisterously 
 turned out upon the earth, bore along with it all 
 moveable b. dies. Woodward. 
 
 B O L 
 
 A notlier faculty of the intellect comes boisleroiuli/ 
 in, and wakes me from so pleasing a dream. Swijl. 
 
 Bo'lSTEROUSNESS. n.s. [from boisterous] 
 The state or quality of being boisterous ; 
 tumultuousness ; turbulence. 
 
 Bo'lary. adj. [from bole.] Partaking of 
 the nature of bole, or clay. 
 
 A weak and inanimate kind of loadstone, with 
 a few inagnctical lines, but chiefly consisting of a 
 bolary ana clanniiy substance. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 BOLD. adj. [balD, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Daring; hrave; stout; courageous; 
 magnanimous ; fearless ; intrepid. 
 
 The wicked flee when no man pursueth; but 
 the righteous are bold as a lion. Proverbs 
 
 I have seen the councils of a noble country grow 
 bold, or timorous, according to the fits of his good 
 or ill health, that managed them. Temple. 
 
 2. Executed with spirit, and without mean 
 caution. 
 
 These, nervous, bold ; those, languid and remiss. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 The cathedral church is a very bold work, and a 
 master-piece of Gothick architecture. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. Confident; not scrupulous; not timo- 
 rous. 
 
 We were bold in our God to speak unto you the 
 gospel of God with much contention. 1 Thess. 
 
 I can be bold to say, that this age is adorned 
 with some men of that judgment, that they could 
 open new and undiscovered ways to know ledge. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Impudent; rude. 
 
 In thy prosperity he will be as thyself, and will 
 be ioM over thy servants. If thou be brought low, 
 he will be against thee. Ecclus. 
 
 5. Licentious ; such as shew great liberty 
 of fiction, or expression. 
 
 The figures are bold even to temerity. Cowley. 
 Which no bold tales of gods or monsters swell, 
 But human passions, such as with us dwell. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 6. Standing out to the view ; striking to 
 the eye. 
 
 Catachreses and hyperboles are to be used ju- 
 diciously, and placed in poetry, as hcightenings 
 and shadows in painling, to make the figure 6oWtT, 
 and cause it to stand off to sight. Vryden. 
 
 7. Open; simooth ; oven; level: a sailor's 
 
 term. 
 
 Her dominions have fcoM accessible coasts. Howel 
 
 8. To make bold. To take freedoms : a 
 phrase not grammatical .though common. 
 To be bold is better ; as, I was bold to tell 
 the house, that scandalous livings make 
 scandalous ministers. 
 
 I have made bold to send to your wife ; 
 Mv suit is, that she will to De.sdemona 
 Procure me some access. Shakcsp. 
 
 Making so bold. 
 My fears forgetting manners, to unseal 
 Tlieir grand commission. Shakesp. 
 
 And were y' as good as George a Green, 
 I shall make hold to turn agen. Hudibras. 
 
 I durst not make thus bold with Ovid, lest some 
 future Milbourn should arise. Bryden. 
 
 Some men have the fortune to be esteemed wits, 
 
 only for making bold to scolf at these things, which 
 
 tiie greatest part of mankind reverence. Tillotson. 
 
 To BoLDEN. V. a. [from bold.] To make 
 
 bold ; to give confidence. 
 
 Quick invenlers, and fair ready speakers, being 
 baldened with their present abilfties to say more, 
 and perchance better too, at the sudden for that 
 present, than any other can do, use less help of 
 diligence and study. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 I am much too vent'rous 
 In tempting of your patience, but am balden d 
 Under your promis'd pardon. 
 
 Rudgerd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 B O L 
 
 Bo'ldface. n.s, [from bold and face.] Im- 
 pudence ; sauciness : a term of reproach 
 reprehension. 
 
 IIow now, boldface! cries an old trot ; sirrah, wo 
 eat our own hens, I'd have you know ; what you 
 eat, you steal. UEstrav^e. 
 
 Bo'ld FACED, adj. [from fto Wand /ace.] 
 Impudent. 
 
 1 have seen those silliest of cieakires; and, 
 seeing their rare works, I have seen enough to 
 confute all the boldfaced atheists of this age. 
 
 BramhatI against IlobbeS. 
 
 Bo'ldly. adv. [from bold.] 
 
 1. In a bold manner; with courage; with 
 
 spirit. 
 
 Thus we may boldly speak, being strengthened 
 with the e.\aniple of so reverend a prelate. Hooker. 
 
 I speak to subjects, ami a subject speaks, 
 Stirr'd up by heav'nthus boldly for his king. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 2."It'may perhaps be sometimes used, m 
 
 a bad sense, for impudently. 
 Bo'ldness. «.«. [from AoW.] 
 
 1. Courage; bravery; intrepidity; spirit; 
 fortitude ; magnanimity ; daringness. 
 
 Her horse she rid so, as might shew a fearful 
 boldness, daring to do that which she knew not how 
 to do. _ Sidney. 
 
 2. Exemption from caution and scrupu- 
 lous nicety. 
 
 The boldness of the figures is to be hidden some- 
 times by the address of the poet, that they may 
 work their effect upon the mind. Vryden. 
 
 3. Freedom ; liberty. 
 Great is my boldness of speech toward you ; 
 
 great is my glorying in you. ^ Corinthians. 
 
 4. Confident trust in God. 
 
 Our fear excludeth not that boldness wliidi be- 
 cometh saints. Hooker, 
 
 We have /joWness and accesswith confidence, by 
 the faith of him. Ephesiam. 
 
 Having therefore boldness to enter into the ho- 
 liest by the blood of .lesus. Hebrews. 
 
 5. Assurance ; freedom from bashfulness ; 
 confident mien. 
 
 Wonderful is the case of boldness in civil busi- 
 ness : what first? Boldness. What second and 
 third ? Boldness. And yet boldness is a child of ig- 
 norance and baseness, far inferior to other parts. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Sure, if the guilt were theirs, they could not 
 charge thee 
 With such a gallant boldness; if 'twere thine, 
 Thou couldst not hear 'twith such a silent scorn. 
 
 Denham. 
 His distance, though it does not instruct him to 
 think wiser than other princes, yet it helps him 
 to speak with more boldness what he thinks. 
 
 Temple, 
 Baldness is the power to speak or do what we 
 intend, before others, without fear or disorder. 
 
 Locke, 
 
 6. Impudence. 
 
 That moderation, which useth to suppress 
 boldness, and to make them conquer that suffer. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 BOLE. 71. s. 
 
 1 . The body or trunk of a tree. 
 
 All fell upon the high-hair'd oaks, and down 
 their curled brows 
 Fell bustling to the earth ; and up went all the 
 boles and boughs. Chapman. 
 
 But when the smoother We from knots is free. 
 We make a deep incision in the tree. Dryden. 
 View well this tree, the queen of all the grove t 
 How vast her bole, how wide her arms are spread. 
 How high above the rest she shoots her head I 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A kind of earth. 
 Bole Armeniack is an astringent earth, which 
 
 takes its name from Armenia, tht country from 
 which we have it. Woodward, 
 
 204
 
 B O L 
 
 3, A measure of corn, containing six 
 bushels. 
 
 Of good barley put eight boks, that is, about 
 six English quarters, in a stone trough. Mortimer. 
 
 BO LIS. n. «. [Utin.] 
 
 Boliih a great fiery ball, swiftly hurried through 
 the air, and generally drawing a tad after it. 
 Aristotle calls it capra. There have often been im- 
 mense balls of this kind. Musechenbrock. 
 
 Boll. n. s. A round stalk or stem ; as, a 
 
 6t)// of flax. 
 To Boll. i>. n. [from the noun.] To rise 
 
 in a stalk. 
 
 And the flax and the barley was smitten : fur the 
 barley was in the ear, and the flax was boiled. 
 
 •^ i.xochfs. 
 
 BO'LSTER. n. s. [bolj-cjie. Sax. bolster; 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. Something laid on the bed, to raise 
 and support the head ; commonly a bag 
 filled with down or feathers. 
 
 Perhaps some cold bank is her bolster now. 
 Or 'gainst the rugged bark of some broad elm 
 Leans her unpilliiw'd head. Milton. 
 
 This arm shall be a bolster for thy head ; 
 I'll felch clean straw to make a soldier's bed. Gai/. 
 
 2. A pad, or quilt, to hinder any pressure, 
 or fill up any vacuity. 
 
 Up goes her hand, and off she slips 
 The bolsters that supply her hips. _ Swift. 
 
 3. A pad, or compress, to be laid on a 
 wound. 
 
 The bandage is the girt, which hath a bolster in 
 the middle, and the ends tacked firmly together. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 4. [In horsemanship.] 
 
 The bolsters of a saddle aie those parts raisednpon 
 the bows, to hold the rider's thigh. Far. Vict. 
 
 To Bo'lster. 1'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To support the head with a bolster. 
 
 2. To afford a bed to. 
 
 Mortal eyes do see them bolster 
 More than their own. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 3. To hold wounds together with a com- 
 press. 
 
 The practice of bolstering the cheeks forward, 
 does little service to the wound, and is very uneasy 
 
 B O L 
 
 straight like an arrow. We now say, 
 shoot the bolt, when we speak of fasten- 
 ing or opening a door. 
 
 'Tis not in thee, to oppose the bolt 
 Against my coming in. Shakesp. 
 
 5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner. 
 This is, I think, corrupted from bought, 
 
 or link. 
 Away willi him to prison ; lay bolts enough upon 
 ilim. Shakesii. 
 
 To Bolt. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To shut or fasten with a bolt. 
 
 The bolted gales flew open at the blast ; 
 The storm rush'd in, and Arcite stood aghast. Dry. 
 
 2. To blurt out, or throw out preripitantly. 
 
 I hate when vice can holt her arguments. 
 And virtue has no tongue to check her pride. Mi(t. 
 • ■ ■ ■ to 
 
 orp. 
 
 to the patient. Sho 
 
 4. To support ; to hold up ; to maintain. 
 This is now an expression somewhat 
 coarse and obsolete. 
 
 We may be made wiser by the publick persua- 
 iioDs graf):ed in men's minds, so they be used to 
 further the truth, not to bolster errour. Hooker. 
 
 The lawyer sets his tongue to sale for the hol- 
 stcriiig out of unjust causes. Hakewill. 
 
 It was the way of many to bolster up their crazy 
 doating consciences with conHdenccs. South. 
 
 BOLT. n. s. [boult, Dutch; ^a'A.;.] 
 
 1 . An arrow ; a dart shot from a crossbow. 
 
 Yet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell j 
 It fell upon a little western flower. 
 Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie blunted bolt against the nymph he drest ; 
 But with the sharp transfix'd Apollo's brea.st.IJrj/. 
 
 2. Lightning ; a thunderbolt. 
 
 Sing'd with the flames, and with the bolts 
 transfix'd. 
 With native earth your blood the monsters mix'd. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 3. Bolt upright ; that is, upright as an 
 arrow. 
 
 Brush iron, native or from the mine, consisteth 
 of long striai, about the thickness of a small 
 knitting needle, bolt upright like the bristles of a 
 stiff brush. Grew. 
 
 As I stood bolt upright upon one end, one of the 
 ladies burst out. Addison. 
 
 4. The bar of a door, so called from being 
 
 3. To fasten, as a bolt or pin ; to pin 
 keep together. 
 
 That I could reach the axle, where the pins are 
 Which bolt this frame, that I might pull them out ! 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 4. To fetter ; to shackle. 
 
 It is great 
 To do that thing that ends all other deeds. 
 Which shackles accidents, and bolts up change. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 a. To sift, or separate the parts of any 
 
 thing with a sieve, [bluter, Fr.] 
 
 He now had boulted all the flour. Spenser. 
 
 In the bolting and sifting of fourteen years of 
 
 power and favour, all that came out could not be 
 
 pure meal. Wotton. 
 
 I cannot bolt this matter to the bran. 
 As Bradwardin and holy Austin can. Drijden. 
 a. To examine by sifting; to try out; to 
 lay open. 
 
 It would be well bolted out, whether great re- 
 fractions may not be made upon reflections, as 
 ujion direct lieams. Bacon. 
 
 The judge, or jury, or parties, or the council, or 
 attornies, propounding questions, beats and holts 
 out the truth much better than when the witness 
 delivers only a formal series. Jiule. 
 
 Ti.ne and nature will bolt out the truth of things, 
 through all disguises. L'Estrange. 
 
 7. To purify ; to purge. This is harsh. 
 3 he fanned snow. 
 That 's bolted by the northern blast twice o'er. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Bolt. v. n. To spring out with speed 
 and suddenness; to start out with the 
 quickness of an arrow. 
 
 This Puck seems but a dre.iming dolt. 
 
 Still walking like a ragged colt. 
 
 And oft out of a bush doth bolty 
 
 Of purpose to deceive us. Drayton. 
 
 Ihey erected a fort, and from thence they bolted 
 
 like beasts of the forest, sometimes into the forest, 
 
 sometimes into the woods and fastnesses, and 
 
 sometimes back to their den. Bacon 
 
 As the house was all in a flame, out 6ii((s a 
 
 mouse from tlie ruins to save herself. L'Estrange. 
 
 I have reflected on those men who, from time to 
 
 time, have shot themselves into the world. I have 
 
 seen many successions of them ; some bolting out 
 
 upon the" stage with vast applause, and others 
 
 hissed off. Dryden. 
 
 The birds to foreign seats repair'd ; 
 And beasts, that bolted out, and saw the forest 
 bar'd. Dryden. 
 
 Bolt-rope. n. s. [from bolt and rope.] 
 The rope on which the sail of a ship is 
 sewed and fastened. Sea Diet. 
 
 Bo'lter. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. A sieve to separate meal from bran or 
 husks; or to separate finer from coarser 
 parts. 
 Dowlas, filthy dowlas: I have given them away 
 
 r. ) n. s. A mast running out 
 . J at the head of a ship, not 
 
 BOM 
 
 two capons, bones and all, as small as ordinary 
 minccrl meat ; put them into a large neat bolter. 
 
 Bacon's i^atural History. 
 When superciliously he sifts 
 Through coarsest bolter others gifts. Hudibra$. 
 2. A kind of net. 
 
 'iliese hakes, and divers others of the forecited, 
 arc taken with threads, and some of ihcmwiththf 
 holler, which is aspillerof a bigger size. Carew. 
 
 BoLTHEAD. n. s. A long straight-necked 
 glass vessel, for chymical distillations, 
 called also a matrass, or receiver. 
 
 This spirit abounds in salt, which may be sepa- 
 rated, by putting the liquor into a boUhetid with s 
 long narrow neck. Boyle. 
 
 Bo'lting-houe. n.s. [from bolt and 
 house.] The place where meal is sifted. 
 The )ad« is returned as w hite, and as powdered, 
 as if she had been at w ork in a bolting-house. 
 
 Dennis. 
 
 BOLTSPRIT 
 Bo'WSPRIT 
 
 Standing upright, but aslope. The but- 
 end of it is generally set against the foot 
 of the foremast ; so that they are a sUy 
 to one another. The length without 
 board is sufficient to let its sails hang 
 clear of all incumbrances. If the boll- 
 sprit fail in bad weather, the foremast 
 cannot hold long after. Bowsprit is 
 perhaps the right spelling. Sea Did. 
 
 Sometimes I'd divide. 
 And burn in many ])laces ;on the topmast. 
 The yards, and boltsprit, would I flame distinctly. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'lus. n. J. [Bi>.&:] A form of medicine, 
 in which the ingredients are made up 
 into a soft mass, larger than pills, to be 
 swallowed at once. 
 
 Keep their bodies soluble the while bif clysters, 
 lenitive boluses of cassia and manna, with syrup 
 of viulets. , irwrnan. 
 
 By poets we are well assnr'd, ^ 
 Thai love, alas ! can ne'er be cur'd ; 
 A complicated heap of ills, 
 Uespismg bolus ts and pills. Siri^. 
 
 BOMB. it.s. [bombus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A loud noise. 
 An u]iper chamber being thought weak, was 
 
 supported by a pillar of iron, of the bigness of 
 one s arm in the midst ; w hich, if you had struck, 
 would make a little flat noise in the room, but a 
 great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacm. 
 
 2. A liollow iron ball, or shell, filled with 
 gunpowder, and furnished with a vent 
 for a fusee, or wooden tube filled with 
 combustible matter, to be thrown out 
 from a mortar, which had its name from 
 the noise it makes. The fusee, being 
 set on fire, burns slowly till it reaches 
 the gunpowder, which goes off at once, 
 bursting the shell to pieces with incre- 
 dible violence: whence the use ofhombs 
 in besieging towns. The largest are 
 about eighteen inches in diameter. By 
 whom they were invented isnot known, 
 and the time is uncertain ; some fixing 
 
 and others to 1495. Chamb. 
 
 
 to bakers wives, and they have^made boilers of 
 them. iluikesp 
 
 With a good strong chopping knife luince the 
 
 It to 1 .'>«», 
 
 The loud cannon missive iron pours, 
 And in llie slaualil'r'mg bomb Gradivus roars. 
 
 Hour. 
 
 To Bomb. v. a. [from the noun.] To fall 
 upon with bombs ; to bombard. 
 
 Our king thus trembles at Naraur, 
 Whilst Villeroy, who ne'er afraid is, 
 'fo Bruxelles marches on secure. 
 To bomb the monks, and scare the ladies. Prt^. 
 
 205
 
 BON 
 
 Bomb-chest, n. s. [from bomb and chest.] 
 A kind of chest filled usually with horabs, 
 and sometimes only with gunpowder, 
 placed under ground, to tear and blow 
 it up in the air, with those who stand 
 on it. Chambers. 
 
 Bomb-ketch. 1 n. ^. A kind of ship 
 Bomb-vessel. J strongly built, to bear 
 the shock of a mortar, when bombs ai'e 
 to be fired into a town. 
 
 Nor could an ordinary fleet, with hivnh-vc&scts, 
 liope to succeed against a place that has in its 
 arsenal gailies and men of war. .-{ddiion on Uai\j. 
 
 Bo'mbard. n.s. [bombtndus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A great gim; a cannon: it is a word 
 now obsolete. 
 
 They planted in divers places twelve great 
 bombards, wherewith they threw huge stones into 
 the air, whicii falling down into the city, might 
 break down the houses. Knoncs. 
 
 2. A barrel. Obsolete. 
 
 To Bomba'rd. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 attack with bombs. 
 
 A medal is struck on the English failing in their 
 attempts on Dunkirk, when they endeavoured to 
 blow up a fort, and bomburd the town. Addi'On. 
 
 Bombardi'er. n.s. [fvom bombard.] The 
 engineer whose employment it is to 
 slioot bombs. 
 
 The bombardier tosses his ball sometimes into 
 the midst of the city, witli a design to lill ail around 
 him with terrour and combustion. Tatler. 
 
 Bomba'rdment. n. s. [from bombard.] 
 An attack made upon any city, by 
 throwing bombs into it. 
 
 Genoa is not yet secure from a botitbardment, 
 though it is not so exposed as formerly. Addismi. 
 Bombasi'n. n s. [bombasin, Fr. from 
 bombyclmis silken, Lat.] A slight silken 
 stuff, for mourning. 
 Bomba'st. n. s. [\ stuifof soft loose tex- 
 ture used formerly to swell the gar- 
 ment, thence used to signify bulk or 
 shew without solidity.] Fustian; big 
 words, without meaning. 
 
 Not pedants motley tongue, soldiers bombast, 
 Mountebanks drug-tongue, nor tlie terms of law, 
 Are strong enough preparatives to draw 
 Me to hear this. Donne. 
 
 Are all the flights of heroick poetry to be con- 
 cluded feowtnst. unnatural, and mere madness, be- 
 cause they are not alfected w ilh their excellencies ? 
 
 Drtjden. 
 
 Bo'mbast. adj. [from the substantive.] 
 High sounding ; of big sound without 
 meaning. 
 
 He, as loving his own pride and purpose. 
 Evades them wi(h a bombast circumstance. 
 Horribly stulFd with epithets of war. Shakcsp. 
 
 Bombula'tion. 71. s. [from bombus.Lat] 
 Sound ; noise ; report. 
 
 How to abate the vigour or silence the bombila- 
 tion of guns, a way is said to be by borax and but- 
 ter, mixt in a due proportion, wliich will almost 
 take off the report, and also the forceof the charge. 
 Broions Vulgar Erronr&. 
 
 Bomby'cinous adj. {bomhycinus, Lat.] 
 
 Silken ; made of silk. 
 BONA ROB A. n.s. [Ital. a fine gown.] 
 
 A shewy wanton. 
 
 We knew where the bona vobas were. Shakcsp. 
 
 BON ASUS. n. s. [Lat.] A kind of buf- 
 falo, or wild bull. 
 
 BONCHRETIEN. n.s. [French.] A 
 species of pear, so called probably fi-om 
 tlie name of a gardener. 
 
 BON 
 
 BOND. n.5. [bon&, Sax. fiound ; it is 
 written indifferently, in many of its 
 senses, boJid, or htmd. See Band.] 
 
 1. Cords, or chains, with which any one is 
 bound. 
 
 Tliere left me, and my man, both bound to- 
 gether ; 
 Till, gnuwing with my teetli my bojids asunder, 
 I gain'd my freedom. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Ligament that holds any thing together. 
 Let any one send his contemplation to the ex- 
 tremities of the universe, and see what conceivable 
 in>oi)s, wliat bond he can imagine, to hold this mass 
 of matter in so cJose a pressure together. Locke 
 
 3. Union; connexion: a workman's term. 
 
 Obsen'e, in working up the walls, that no side 
 of the house, nor any part of the walls, be brought 
 up three feet above the other, before the next 
 adjoining wall be brought up to it, so that they 
 may be all joined together, and make agood bon^. 
 Mortiiner''s Hiisbandiy. 
 
 4. [In the plural.] Chains; imprisonment; 
 captivity. 
 
 Whom 1 perceived to have nothing laid to his 
 charge worthy of death, or o(bonds. Acts, xxiii ti9. 
 
 5. Cement of union; cause of union; link 
 of connexion. 
 
 AVedding is great Juno's crown ; 
 O blessed bond of board and bed ! Shakcsp. 
 
 Love cools, brothers divide, and the bond is 
 cracked 'twixt son and father. Shakcsp. K. Lear. 
 
 G. A writing of obligation to pay a sum, 
 or perform a contract. 
 
 Go witii me to a notary, seal me there 
 Your single bond. Shakcsp. 
 
 What n I ne'er consent to make 3'ou mine ; 
 I\Iy father's promise ties me not to time ; 
 And bonds without a date, they say, are void. Dry. 
 
 7. Obligation ; law by which any man is 
 obliged. 
 
 Unhappy that I am ! I cannot heave 
 My heart into my mouth : I love your majesty 
 According to my bond, no more nor less. Shakcsp. 
 
 Take which you please, it dissolves the bonds 
 of government and obedience. Locke. 
 
 Bond. adv. [from bindf perhaps for 
 bound; from gebonben, Saxon.] Cap- 
 tive ; in a servile state. 
 
 Whether we be Jews or Gentiles, wliether we be 
 bond or free. i Cor. .\ii. 13. 
 
 Bo'ndage. n.s. [from bond.] 
 
 1. Captivity; imprisonment; state of re- 
 straint. 
 
 You only have overthrown me, and in my 
 bondage consists my glory. Sidney. 
 
 Say, gentle princess, would you not suppose 
 Your bondage happy, to be made a queen ? 
 — I'o be a queen in bondage, is more vile 
 Than is a slave in base servility. Shakesp. 
 
 Our cage 
 Wc make a choir, as doth the prisoned bird. 
 And s\\ig OUT bondage freely. Shukesp. Cpmbeline. 
 
 The king, when he design'd you for my guard, 
 Resolv'd lie would not make my bondage hurd.Vry. 
 
 2. Obligation ; lye of duty. 
 
 If she has a stru{^gle for honour, she is in a 
 bondage to love; which gives the story its turn 
 that way. Pope. 
 
 He m'ust resolve by no means to be enslaved, 
 and brought under tlie bondage of observing oaths, 
 which ought to vanish when they stand in com- 
 petition with eating and driuting, or taking 
 money. Soutli. 
 
 Bo'ndmaid. n.s. [from bond ca|)tive, 
 and maldJ] A woman slave. 
 
 Good sister, wrong me not, nor wrong yourself, 
 To make a bondmaid and a slave of me. Shakcsp. 
 
 Bo'ndman. n.s, [ivom bond and wan.] A 
 mail slave. 
 
 Amongst the Romans, in making of a bondman 
 free, was it not wondered wherefore so great ado 
 should be made? the master to present his slave 
 
 BON 
 
 in some iomt, to take liiiii by the hand, and not 
 only to say, in the liearine of the pubiick magis- 
 trate, I will that lllis man become free ; liiit, after 
 those solemn words uttered, lo strike liim on the 
 eheek, to turn him round, the hair of his head to 
 be shaved off, the magistrate to touch him thrice 
 with a rod ; in the end, a cap and a white garment 
 given him. Hooker. 
 
 O freedom ! first delight of human kind ; 
 Not that which bondmen from their masters find. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bondservant. ?i.s. [from bond and ser- 
 vant.] A slave; a servant without the 
 liberty of quitting his master. 
 
 And if thy brother, that dwelleth by thee, be 
 waxen poor, and be sold unto thee, thou shalt not 
 compel him to serve as a bond-servant. 
 
 Leviticvs, xxv. 39. 
 Bondse'rvice. n.s. [from bond and ser- 
 vice.] The condition of a bond servant; 
 slavery. 
 
 Upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of fionrf- 
 service. Kitigs. 
 
 Bo'ndslave. 71. s. [from bond and slave.] 
 A man in slavery ; one of servile condi- 
 tion, who cannot change his master. 
 
 Love enjoined such diligence, that no appren- 
 tice, no, no bond-slave, could ever be, by fear, 
 more ready at all commands than that young 
 princess was. Sidney. 
 
 All her ornaments are taken away ; of a free- 
 woman she is become a bondslave. 1 Mace. ii. 11. 
 Commonly the bcndslave is fed by his lord, but 
 here the lord was fed by hlsbondslave. Sir J. Vavies. 
 Bo'ndsman. [from bond and man.] 
 
 1. A sliive. 
 Carnal greedy people, without such a precept, 
 
 would have no mercy upon their poor bondsmen 
 and beasts. Derham. 
 
 2. A person bound, or giving security, for 
 another. 
 
 Bo'ndswoman. n.s. [from bond and tvo- 
 man.] A woman slave. 
 
 My lords, the senators 
 Are sold for slaves, and their wives tor bondswomen. 
 Ben Jomon's Catalitie. 
 
 BONE. n. s. [ban, Saxon.] 
 1. The solid parts of the body of an animal, 
 made up of hard fibres, tied one to ano- 
 ther by small transverse fibres, as those of 
 the muscles. In a foetus they are porous, 
 soft, and easily discerned. As their pores 
 fill with a substance of their own nature, 
 so they increase, harden, and grow close 
 to one anoth, r. They are all spongy, and 
 full of little cells ; or are of a considerable 
 firm thickness, with a large cavity, except 
 the teeth ; and where they are articulated, 
 they are covered with a thin and strong 
 membrane, called the periosteum. Each 
 bone is much bigger at its extremity than 
 in the middle, that the articulations might 
 be firm, and the 6o?ies not easily put out 
 of joint. But, because the middle of the 
 6t)«e should be strong, to sustain its allot- 
 ted weight, and resist accidents, the fi- 
 bres are there more closely compacted to- 
 gether, supporting one another ; and the 
 bone is made hollow, and consequently 
 not so easily broken, as it must have been 
 had it been solid and smaller. Quincy. 
 
 Thy fioncs are marrowless, thy blood is cold. Mac. 
 
 Tliere was lately a young gentleman bit to the 
 bone. Taller. 
 
 2. A fragment of meat ; a bone with as 
 much flesh as adheres to it» 
 
 20R
 
 BON 
 
 Like iCsop's hounds contending for the hme. 
 Each pleaded rieht, and would be lord alone. 
 
 • Uryden, 
 
 3. To be upon the bones. To attack. 
 
 Puss had a month's miud to he upnn the bones of 
 him, but was not willing to pick a quarrel. 
 
 L'tMrange. 
 
 4. To make no bones. To make no scruple : 
 a metaphor taken from a dog, who 
 readily swallows meat tliat has no bones. 
 
 5. Bones. A sort of bobbins, made of 
 trotter bones, for weaving bonelace. 
 
 G. Bones. Dice. 
 
 But then mv study was to cog tlie dice. 
 And dext'rously to throw llie lucky sice : 
 To sliuii anics ace, that 5we|)t ni)- stakes away ; 
 And watch the box, for fear they should convey 
 False bones, and put upon me in tlie play. Drud. 
 
 To Bone. v.a. [from the noun.] To take 
 out the bones from the flesh ; as, the 
 cooks 6oncrf the veal. 
 Bo'nelace. n s. [from bone and lace; 
 the Ijobbins with which lace is woven 
 Leing frequently made of bones.] Flaxen 
 lace, such as women wear on their linen. 
 
 The things you follow, and make songs on now, 
 should be sent to knit, or sit down to bobbins or 
 bonelace. Tatler. 
 
 We destroy the symmetry of the human figure, 
 and foolishly contrive to call off the eye fnmi 
 great and real beauties, to childish gewgaw rib- 
 bands and bonelace. ffpectutor. 
 
 Bo'neless. adj. [from bone.] Wanting 
 bones. 
 
 I would, while it was smiling in my face. 
 Have pluckt ray nipple from his boneless gums, 
 And dasht the brains out Shakcsp. 
 
 T<> Bo'neset. v. n. [{rom bone and set.] 
 To restore a bone out of joint to its 
 place ; or join a bone broken to tlie 
 other part. 
 
 A fractured leg set in tlie country by one pre- 
 tending to bonesetting. Il'iseman's Surgery. 
 
 Bo'nesetter. n. s. [from bonesef.] A chi- 
 rurgeon ; one who particularly professes 
 the art of restoring broken or luxated 
 bones. 
 
 At present my desire is to have a good bone- 
 setter. Denham. 
 
 Bo'nfire. n.s. [from 6on good, Fr. and 
 tire.] A fire made for some publick 
 cause of triumph or exultation. 
 
 Ring ye the bells to mike it wear away. 
 And botijires make all day. Spenser. 
 
 How came so many bonjires to he made in queen 
 IMary's days? Why, she had abused and deceived 
 her people. South. 
 
 Full soon by bonfire, and by bell. 
 We learnt our liege was passnig well. Gay. 
 
 Bo'ngrace. n.s. [bo?tne grace, Fr.] A 
 forehead-cloth, or covering for the fore- 
 head. Not now used. Skinner. 
 
 I have seen her beset all over with emeralds and 
 
 pearls, ranged in row s about her cawi, her peruke, 
 
 her bongrace, and chajilet. Hakeuill on Providence. 
 
 Bo'nnet. n. s. [bonet, Fr.] A covering 
 
 for the head ; a hat ; a cap. 
 
 Go to them with this /jennet in thy hand. 
 And thus far having stretch 'd it, here be witli them, 
 Thy knee bussing the stones ;for,in such business. 
 Action is eloquence. Shakesp. Coriolanns. 
 
 They had not probably the ceremony of vailing 
 the bonnet in their salutations; for, 'in medals", 
 tiiey still have it on their heads. Addison. 
 
 Bo'nnet. [In fortification.] A kind of 
 little ravelin, without any ditch, having 
 a parapet three feet high, anciently 
 placed before the points of the salian't 
 angles of tlie glacis. 
 
 BOO 
 
 Bo'nnet H prestre, or priest's cap, is an] 
 outwork, having at the head three sa- ' 
 liant angles, and two inwards. | 
 
 Bo'nnets. [In the sea language.] Small j 
 sails set on the courses on the mizzen, 
 mainsail, and foresail of a ship, when 
 these are too narrow or shallow to clothe j 
 the mast, or in order to make more way 
 in calm weather. Chambers. I 
 
 BoNNILY. aile. [from bonny.] Gayly; 
 handsomely ; pluniply. | 
 
 Bo'nnines.S. n. s. [from bonny ] Gayety; 
 handsomeness ; plumpness. 
 
 BONNY, adj. [from bon, bonne, Fr. It 
 is a word now almost confined to the 
 Scottish dialect.] 
 
 1. Handsome; beautiful. 
 Match to match I have cncounler'd him, 
 
 .\nd made a prey for carrion kites and crows 
 Ev'n of the bonnti beast he lov'd so well. Shak. 
 
 Thus wail'd the louts in melancholy strain. 
 Till bonny Susan sped across the plain. Gay. 
 
 2. Gay; merry; frolicksome; cheerful; 
 blithe. 
 
 Then sigh not so, but let them go. 
 And be you blithe and bonny. Shakesp. 
 
 3. It seems to be generally used in con- 
 versation for plump. 
 
 Bonny-clabber, n.s. A word used 
 in Ireland for sour buttermilk. 
 We scorn, for want of talk, to jabber 
 Of parties o'er our bonny-clabber j 
 Nor are we studious to enquire, 
 \\'ho votes for manors, who for hire. Su-ift. 
 
 BONUM MAGNUM, n. s. A species 
 
 of plum. 
 Bo'ny. adj. [from tone.] 
 1. Consisting of bones. 
 
 At the end of this hole is a membrane, fastened 
 to a round bony limb, and stretched like the head 
 of a drum; and therefore, by anatomists, called 
 tumpanum. Ray. 
 
 •2. Full of bones. 
 
 Bo'oBY". n.s. [a word of no certain etymo- 
 logy. Henshaiv thinks it a corruption 
 of bull-beef, ridiculously ; Skinner ima- 
 gines it to be derived from bobo foolish, 
 Spanish. Junius finds bowbard to be 
 an old Scottish word for a coward, a 
 coyitcmptible fellow ; from which he na- 
 turally deduces boobi/ : but the original 
 of boivbard is not known.] A dull, 
 heavy, stupid fellow ; a lubber. 
 
 But one exception to this fact we find ; 
 That hoohi] Phaon only was unkind. 
 An ill-bred boatman, rough as waves and wind. 
 
 Prior. 
 Young master next must rise to fill him wine. 
 And starve himself to see the booby dine. A'irt^. 
 
 BOOK. n.s. [boc. Sax. supposed from 
 boc a beech, because they wrote on 
 beechen boards ; as liber, in Latin, from 
 the rind of a tree.] 
 
 1 . A volume in which we read or write. 
 See a book of prayer in his hand ; 
 
 True ornaments to know a holy man. Shakesp. 
 
 Receive the sentence of the law for sins. 
 Such as by Uod's book areadjudg'd to death. Shak. 
 
 In the coffin that had the books, they were found 
 as fresh as if they had been but newly written ; 
 being written on parchment, and covered over 
 with watch candles of wax. Bacon 
 
 Books are a sort of dumb teachers ; they cannot 
 answer sudden questions, or explain present 
 doubts ; this is properly the work of a living in- 
 structor. •' atls 
 
 2. A particular part of a work. 
 
 BOO 
 
 The firit book we divide into «ciion» ; whereof 
 the first is these chapters past. Burnet's "Pitory. 
 
 3. The register in which a trader keeps an 
 account of his debts. 
 
 This life 
 Is nobler than attending for a bauble ; 
 Prouder, than rustling in unpaid-f jr silk ; 
 Such gain the cap of hini that makes them fine. 
 Vet keeps his Imok uiicross'd. Shakap. 
 
 4. In books. In kind remembrance. 
 
 I was so much in his hooks, that, at his decease, 
 he left nie the lamp by which he used to write hU 
 lucubrations. Addisoti. 
 
 5. Without book. By memory; by repe- 
 tition; williout reading. 
 
 Serninnsread I hey abhor in the church ; bnt ser- 
 mons iwdout hook, sermons which spend their life 
 ill their birth, and may have public audience hut 
 once. Hooker. 
 
 To Book. r. a. [from the notm.] To re- 
 gister in a book. 
 
 I beseech your grace, let it be booked with the 
 rest of this day's deeds ; or I will have it in a par- 
 ticular ballad else, w ith mine own picture on the 
 top of it Shakesp. 
 
 He made w ilful murder high treason ; he caused 
 the marcheis to book their men, for whom they 
 should make answer. Dalies on Irehind. 
 
 Book-keeping, n.s. [from book and 
 keep.] The art of keeping accoiints, or 
 recording pecuniary transactions,in such 
 a manner, that at any time a man may 
 thereby know the true state of the 
 whole, or any part of his aflairs, with 
 clearness and expedition. Harris. 
 
 Bo'okbinder. n. s. [from JooA-and bind.] 
 A man whose profession it is to cover 
 books. 
 
 Bo'oKFUL. adj. [from book and full.] Full 
 of notions gleaned from books ; crowded 
 with undigested knowledge. 
 
 The fcixA/ii/ blockhead, ignorantly read. 
 With loads of learned lumber in his head, 
 With his own tongue still edifies hisears, 
 .■Vnd always list'ning to himself appears. Pope. 
 
 Bookish, adj. [from book.] Given to 
 books; acquainted only with books. It 
 is generally used contemptuously. 
 
 I'll make him yield the crown. 
 Whose bookish rule hath pull'd'fair England down. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 I'm nnlbookish, yet I can read waiting-gentle- 
 woman in the 'scape. Sliakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 Xantippe follow s her namesake ; being married 
 to a bookish man, who has no knowledge of the 
 world. Spcctat.'r. 
 
 Bo'oKisHNESS.w..f. [fromftooA-isA.]Mnch 
 application to books ; over-sludiousness. 
 
 Bookle'arned. adj. [from book and 
 learned.] Versed in books, or literaUire : 
 a term implying some slight contempt 
 
 Whatc'er these hvktearn'd blockheads say, 
 
 Solon's the veriest fool in all the play. ^P"*^- 
 
 He will quote passages out of Plato and Pindar, 
 
 at his own table, to some bookleamcd companion, 
 
 without blushing *""."■ 
 
 BoOKLEARNlNG. n. s. [from book and 
 learning.] Skill in literature ; acquaint- 
 ance with books : a term of some con- 
 tempt. 
 
 They might Ulk of bookitamin' what they 
 would, but^ie never saw more unfeaty fellows 
 than ereat clerks. Sidney. 
 
 N'e»her does it so much require bookUarnmg 
 and scholarship, as good natural sense, to distin- 
 giu'sh true .and false, and to discern what is well 
 proved, and what is not. Bunicl s Theory. 
 
 Bookman, n.s. [from fcccA- and mfln.j 
 .\ man whose profession is the study of 
 ' I,.v,ks. 207
 
 BOO 
 
 This civil war of wits were much better us'd 
 On Navarre and his bookmen; for here 'tis abus'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'oKMATE. 71. s. [from book and mate.] 
 
 Schoolfellow. 
 
 Tliis Arinado is a Spaniard that keeps liere in 
 
 covirt, 
 
 A phantasm, a monarch, and one that makes sport 
 
 To the prince and his bookmatcs. Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'oKSELLER. U.S. [from book and sel/.] 
 He whose profession it is to sell books. 
 
 He went to the bookseller, and told him in anger, 
 he had sold a book in which there was false divi- 
 nity. Walton. 
 
 Bookworm, ns. [from 600A: and worm.] 
 
 1. A worm or mite that eats holes in books, 
 chiefly when damp. 
 
 My lion, like a moth or bookworm, feeds upon 
 nothini; but paper, and I shall beg of them to diet 
 him with wholesome and substantial food. Guard. 
 
 2. A student too closely given to books; 
 a reader without judgment. 
 
 Among those venerable galleries and solitary 
 scenes of the university, I wanted but a black 
 gown, and a salary, to be as mere a bookworm as 
 any there. Pope's Letters. 
 
 Bo'OLY. n. s. [An Irish term.] 
 
 All the Tartarians, and the people about tlie 
 Caspian Sea, which are naturally Scythians, iive 
 in hordes ; being the very same that the Irish 
 boolies are, drivnig their cattle with them, and 
 feeding only on their milk and wliitc meats. Spen.^ 
 
 Boom. n.s. [from 600m a tree, Dutch.] 
 
 1. [In sea language.] A long pole used to 
 spread out the clue of the studding sail ; 
 and sometimes the clues of the mainsail 
 and foresail are boomed out. 
 
 2. A poll with bushes or baskets, set up as 
 a mark to shew the sailors how to steer in 
 the channel.when a country is overflown. 
 
 Sea Diet. 
 
 3. A bar of wood laid across a harbour, 
 to keep off the enemy. 
 
 As his heroick worth struck envy dumb, 
 Who took the Dutchman, and who cut tlie boom. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 To Boom. v. n. [from the noun. A sea 
 term.] 
 
 1, To rush with violence ; as a ship is said 
 to come booming, when she makes all 
 the sail she can. Diet. 
 
 2. To swell and fall together. 
 
 Booming o'er his liead. 
 The billows clos'd ; he s nuraber'd with the dead. 
 
 Yomtg. 
 Forsook by thee, in vain T sought thy aid. 
 When boomiitg billows clos'd above my head. Pope. 
 
 Boon. n. *. [from bene. Sax. a petition.] A 
 gift; a grant; a benefaction; a present. 
 
 A^ouchsafe me for my meed but one fair look : 
 A smaller boon than this I cannot beg. 
 And less than this, I 'm sure, you cannot give. Sftn?i. 
 
 That courtier, who obtained a boon of tlie em- 
 peror, that he might every murniiig whisper him 
 in the ear, and say nothing, asked no unprolitable 
 suit for himself. Bacon. 
 
 The blust'ring fool has satisfy'd Iiis will ; 
 His boon is giv'n ; his knight has gain'd the day, 
 But lost the prize. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 What rhetorick didst thou use 
 To gain this mighty 6oon ^ she pities me \Adis.Cato. 
 
 Boon. adj. [bov, Fr.] Gay; merry: as, a 
 boon companion. 
 
 Satiate at length. 
 And heighten'd as with wine, jocund and boon. 
 Thus to nerselfshe pleasingly began. Par. Lost. 
 I know the infirmity of our family ; we play the 
 boon companion, and throw our money away in 
 our sups. Arbuthnot. 
 
 BOO 
 
 BOOR. 7t.s. [beer, Dutch; jebujie, Sax.] 
 A ploughman; a country fellow; a lout; 
 a clown. 
 
 The bare sense of a calamity is called grum- 
 bling ; and if a man dues but make a face upon tlie 
 boor, he is prcsenlly a malecontent. L'Estravge. 
 
 He may live as well as a hoor of Hulland, whose 
 cares of growing slil! richer waste his life. Temple. 
 
 To one wcll-norii, th' atlVont is worse and mure, 
 When he 's abus'd and bafHcd by a hoor. Dri/rf. 
 
 Bo'oRiSH. adj. [t\om boor.] Clownish; 
 rustick ; untauijht ; uncivilized. 
 
 Therefore, you clown, abandon, wl)ich is, in the 
 vulgar, leave the society, which, in the bom'bh, is, 
 company of this female. iShakesp. As yon like it. 
 
 Bo'oRiSHLY. adv. [from boorish.] In a 
 boorish manner; after a clownish manner. 
 
 Boorish NESS. 7i.s.[from&noy/5A.] Clown- 
 ishncss ; rusticity ; coarsness of manners. 
 
 Boose, n s. [boj-15, Sax.] A stall for a 
 cow or an ox. 
 
 To BOOT. r. a. [baten to profit, Dutch: 
 bor, in Saxon, is recompense, repent- 
 ance, or fine paid by way of expiation ; 
 botan is, to repent, or to compensate; as. 
 He \y pi]- ^ bit and bote, 
 Ant) bet bivopen borne.] 
 
 1. To profit; to advantage: itis commonly 
 used in these modes, it boots, or what 
 boots it. 
 
 It shall not boot them, who derogate from read- 
 ing, to e.\cuse it, when lliey see no other remedy ; 
 as if their intent were only to deny llmt aliens and 
 strangers from the family of God are won, or that 
 belief doth use to be wrought at the first in them, 
 without sermons. Hooker. 
 
 For what I have, I need not to repeat ; 
 And what I want, it booL>i not to couiplain. Shak. 
 
 If we shun 
 The purpos'd end, or here he fixed all. 
 What boots it us these wars to liave begun? Fairf. 
 
 What 600(5 the regal circle on his head. 
 That long behind he trails his pompous robe ?P(^e. 
 
 2. To enrich ; to benefit. 
 
 And I will boot thee with what gift beside, 
 That modesty can beg. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
 
 Boot. n.s. [from the verb,] 
 
 1 . Profit ; gain ; advantage ; something 
 given to mend the exchange. 
 
 My gravity. 
 Wherein, let no man hear me, t take pride, 
 Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume, 
 Which the air beats for vain. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To boot. With advantage; over and 
 above; besides. 
 
 Canst thou, O partial sleep, give thy repose 
 To the wet seaboy, in an hour so rude ; 
 And, in tlie calmest and tlie stillest night, 
 With all appliances and means to bcot, 
 Deny it to a kin^? Shakesp. 
 
 Man is God's image ; but a poor man is 
 Christ's stamp to boot : both images regard. Herbert. 
 
 He might have his mind and manners formed, 
 and be instructed toboot in several sciences. Locke. 
 
 3. It seems, in the following lines, used 
 
 for booti/j or plunder. 
 
 Others, like soldiers, armed in their stings, 
 Make boot upon the summer's velvet buds. Shak. 
 
 BOOT. 71. s. [bottas^ Armorick ; botes a 
 
 shoe, Welsii ; bottet French.] 
 I. A covering for the leg, uacd by horse- 
 men. 
 
 That my leg is too long— 
 — No J that is too Tittle. — 
 I'll wear a hoot, tu make it somewhat rounder. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Shew'd him his room, where be must lodge lliat 
 
 night, 
 
 PuU'd ott his hoots, and took away the light. Milt. 
 
 Bishop Wilkins says, he dues not question but 
 
 ?t will be as usual fur a man to call fur his wings. 
 
 BOO 
 
 when he is going a journey, as it is now to call for 
 his boots. ' Addison's Guardian. 
 
 ■2. A. kind of rack for the leg, fornierly 
 
 uFi d in Scotland for torturing criminals. 
 
 Boot of a Coaeh. The space between 
 
 the coachman and the coach. 
 To Boot. v. a. [from the noun.] To put 
 on boots. 
 
 Boot, boot, master Shallow ; 1 know tlie young 
 king is sick for me : let us take any man's horses. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Root-hose. n.s. [from boot and hose.] 
 Stockings to serve for boots; spatter- 
 dashes. 
 
 His lacquey with a linen stock on one leg, and 
 a boot-hose on the other, gartered with a red and 
 blue list. Shakesp. 
 
 Boot-tree. w. s. [from boot and tree.] 
 Two pieces of wood, shaped like a leg, 
 to be driven into boots, for stretching 
 and widening them. 
 
 Bo'ot-catcher. n.s. [from boot and 
 cateh.] The person whose business at 
 an inn is to pull off the boots of pas- 
 sengers. 
 The ostler and the bootcatcher ought to partake. 
 
 Swlti. 
 
 Bo'oted. adj. [from boot.] In boots ; in 
 a horseman's habit. 
 
 A booted jndge shall sit to try his cause. 
 Not by the statute, but by martial laws. Dryden. 
 
 Booth, n. s. [boed, Dutch ; bwth, Welsh.] 
 A house built of boards, or boughs, to 
 be used for a short time. 
 
 The clothiers found means to have all the quest 
 made of the northern men, such as iiad their fcoof/LS 
 in the fair. Camden. 
 
 Much mischief will be done at Bartholomew 
 fair by the fall of a booth. Swif't, 
 
 Bo'otless. adj. [from boot.] 
 1. Useless; unprofitable; unavaiiling; with- 
 out advantage. 
 
 When tliose accursed messengers of hell 
 Came to their wicked man, and gan to tell 
 Their 6oof /ess pains, and ill succeeding night. Spent. 
 
 Uod did not sutfer iiim, being desirous of the 
 light of wisdom, with bootless eipence of travel, to 
 wander in darkness. Hooker. 
 
 Bootless speed. 
 When cowardice pursues, and valour tiies. Sltak. 
 
 Let him alone ; 
 I'll follow him no more with bootless pray'rs : 
 He seeks my life. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Without success. 
 
 Doth not Brutus bootless kneel .' Shakesp. 
 
 Thrice from the banks of Wye, 
 And sandy bottom'd Severn, have I sent 
 Him bootless home, and weather-beaten back. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'oTY. n. s. [bvyt, Dutch ;butin, Fr.] 
 1. Plunder; pillage; spoils gained from 
 the enemy. 
 
 One way a band select from forage drives 
 A lierd of beeves, fair oxen, and fair kine. 
 Their bootu. Milton. 
 
 His conscience is the hue and cry that pursues 
 liim ; and when he reckons that he has gotten a 
 booti/, he has only caught a Tartar. L'F.strange. 
 
 For, should you to extortion be inclin'd. 
 Your cruel guilt will little booty hnd. Dryden, 
 
 •2. Things gotten by robbery. 
 
 If I had a mind to be honest, I see fortune would 
 not suffer me ; she drops booties in iiiy mouth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. To flay booty. To play dishonestly, 
 with an intent to lose. The French use, 
 Je siiis botte, when they mean to say, / 
 will not go. 
 
 We understand what we ought to do ; but 
 when we deliberate, we play booty against our- 
 
 208
 
 B O R 
 
 selves: our consciences direct us one way, our 
 
 corruptions hurry us another. Vtjtranffe. 
 
 1 have set tiiis argument in file best light, that 
 
 the ladies may not think that 1 write boot}}. Dryd. 
 
 Bope'ep. ft. s. [from bo ;ind peep.} The 
 
 act of looking out, and drawing back as 
 
 if frighted, or with the purpose to flight 
 
 some other. 
 
 Then they for sud.len joy did weep, 
 
 And 1 tor sorrow sung, 
 That such a king shoukl play bopeept 
 
 And go the fools among. Sfiakesp, 
 
 Rivers, 
 That serve Instead of peaceful harriers. 
 To part Ih* engagements of their wayriours, 
 Where both from side to side may skip. 
 And only encounter at bapeep. Iludibras. 
 
 There the devil plays at bi>pccp, puts out his 
 horns to do mischief, then shrmks them back for 
 safety. Dryd. 
 
 BORACHIO. n. s. [borracho, Span.] A 
 drunkard. 
 
 How you stink of wine! D'ye think my niece 
 will ever endure such a borachio! you're an abso- 
 lute borachio. Congreve. 
 
 Bo'rable. adj. [from bore.'] That may 
 
 be bored. 
 Bo'RAGE. n. s. [from borago, Lat.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 BO'RAMEZ. n. s. The Scythian lainb, 
 generally known by the name oi Agnus 
 Sct/thicus. 
 
 Much wonder is made of the boramez. that 
 strange plant-animal, or vegetable lamb of Tar- 
 tary, winch wolves delight to feed on ; which hath 
 the shape of a lamb, affordeth a bloody juice upon 
 breaking, and liveth while the plants be con- 
 sumed about it. Browns Vtdg. Errours. 
 
 BORAX, n. s. [borax, low Latin.] An 
 artificial salt, prepared from sal ammo- 
 niac, nitre, calcined tartar, sea salt, and 
 alum, dissolved in wine. It is princi- 
 pally used to solder metals, and some- 
 times an uterine ingredient in medicine. 
 
 Quhic)/. 
 Bo'rdel. \fi.s. [bordcel, Teut. bordel, 
 Bordello.) Armorick.]. A brothel; a 
 bawdy-house. 
 
 From the bordello it might come as well, 
 
 The spital, orpiclhatch. BcnJojison. 
 
 Making even his own house a stew, a bordel, 
 
 and a school of lewdness, to instil vice into the 
 
 unwary ears of his poor children. South, 
 
 BORDER. U.S. [bord, Germ, bord, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The outer part or edge of any thing. 
 
 They have looking-glasses bordered with broad 
 borders of crystal, and great counterfeit precious 
 stones. Bacon. 
 
 The light must strike on the middle, and ex- 
 tend its greatest clearness on the principal figures ; 
 diiuinislnng b^^ degrees, as it comes nearer and 
 nearer to the borders. Drtjden. 
 
 2. The march or edge of a country ; the 
 confine. 
 
 If a prince keep his residence on the border of 
 his donnnions, the remote parts will rebel ; but if 
 he make the centre his seat, he shall easily keep 
 them in obedience. Spenser. 
 
 3. The outer part of a garment, generally 
 adorned with needlework, or ornaments. 
 
 4. A bank raised round a garden, and set 
 with flowers ; a narrow rank of herbs or 
 flowers. 
 
 There he arriving, round about duth fly 
 From bed to bed, from one to other border; 
 
 And takes survey, with curious busy eye. 
 Of every II iwer an'd herb there set in order. Spens. 
 
 All with a fcordcr of rich fruit-trees cronn'd, 
 ■Whose loaded branches hide the lofty mound : 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B O R 
 
 Such various ways the spacious allpys lead, 
 My doubtful iiiu!»c knows not wlial j>ath to Ircarl. 
 
 Wdler. 
 
 To Bo'rder. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 1. To confine upon; to touch something 
 else at t!ie side or edge : with vpo7i. 
 
 It hnrdercth ufum the province of Croatia, whicli, 
 in lime past, liad continual wars with the Turks 
 garrisons. hiioU' 
 
 Virtue and honour had their temples bordering 
 on each other, and are sometimes both on the 
 same coin. Addison. 
 
 % To approach nearly to. 
 
 All wit, which borders upon profaneness, and 
 makes hcjld with tliose things to wliich the great4'kt 
 reverence is due, deserves to be branded with 
 folly. Tiilotson. 
 
 To lio'RDER. V. a. 
 
 1. To adorn -with a border of ornaments. 
 
 2. To reach ; to touch ; to confine upon ; 
 to be conti^^nous to. 
 
 Sheba and Raaniah are those parts of Arabia, 
 which border the sea called the Persian guif. 
 
 lialeigh. 
 
 Bo'rderer. n. s. [from border.] He 
 that dwells on the borders, extreme 
 parts, or confines; he that dwells next 
 to any place. 
 
 They of those marches, gracious soveieign ! 
 Shall 6e a wall sufficient tu defend 
 Our inland from the jiilfcring borderers. Skakesp. 
 
 An ordinary liurse will carry two sacks of sand ; 
 and, of such) the bordercn on the sea do bestow 
 sixiy at least in every acre; but most husbands 
 doutle that number. Carew. 
 
 The easiest to be drawn 
 To our society, and to aid tlie war : 
 The rather for their seat, being next bord'rcrs 
 On Italy ; and that they abound with hor^e. 
 
 Ben Jonsmi. 
 
 The king of Scots in person, with Perkin in bis 
 company, entered with a great army, tliough it 
 chiefly consisted of borderers, being raised some- 
 what suddenly. Bacon. 
 
 Volga's stream 
 Sends opposite, in shaggy armour clad. 
 Her borderers; on mutual slaughter bent, 
 They rend their countries. Philips. 
 
 To Ro'rdrage. r. n. [from border,] To 
 plunder the borders. Not in use. 
 
 Long time in peace his realm established. 
 Yet oft annoy'd with sundry bordragings 
 Of neighbour Scots, and foreign scatterlings. 
 
 Spens. 
 To BORE V. a, [bojiian. Sax.] 
 
 1. To pierce in a hole. 
 I'll believe as soon, 
 
 This whole earth may be bcfr'd ; and that the 
 
 moon 
 May through the centre creep. Shakesp. 
 
 Mulberries will be fairer, if you bore the trunk 
 of the tree through, and thrust, into the places 
 bored, wedges of some hot trees. Bacon. 
 
 But Capys, and the graver sort, thouglit fit 
 The Greeks suspected present to commit 
 To seas (-r flames ; at least, to search and bore 
 The sides, and what that space contains t' explore. 
 
 Venham. 
 
 2. To hollow. 
 
 Take the barrel of a long gun, perfectly bored, 
 and set it upright, and take a bullet exactly fit for 
 it; and then, if you suck at the mouth of the bar- 
 rel never so peiitly, the bviUet will come up so 
 forcibly, that it uiU hazard the striking out vour 
 teeth. " -^'A'^'.V- 
 
 3. To make by piercing. 
 
 These diminutive caterpillars are able, by de- 
 grees, to pierce or bore their way into a tree, with 
 very small holes ; which, after ibey are fully en- 
 tered, grow together. -R^'V- 
 
 4. To pierce ; to break through. 
 
 Consider, reader, what fatigues I've known. 
 What riots seen, what bustling crt)wds I bord. 
 How oft 1 cross'd where carts and coaches roar'd. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 B O 11 
 
 To Bore. v. n. 
 
 1. To make a hole. 
 
 .\ man niay make an instrument to bore a holf 
 an inch wide, or half an inch, not to bore a hole of 
 a foot. Wilkin: 
 
 2. To push forward towards a certain 
 point. 
 
 Those milk paps, 
 'lliat through the window' bars bore at men's eyes, 
 .Ire not wiiliiii the leaf of pitjr writ. Shakap. 
 
 Nor southward to the raining r<-^ions run ; 
 But boring to the west, and hov'nup there, 
 With ga|iiiig mouths they draw prollfick air. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 7bBoRi;. v.n. [with farriers.] Is when 
 
 a horse carries his nose near the grounri. 
 
 Diet. 
 BoRK. n s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The hole made by boring. 
 
 Into hollow engines long and round. 
 Thick ramm'd. at th' other fcarc with touch of fire 
 Dilated, and infuriate. Milton. 
 
 2. Tlie instrument with which a hole is 
 bored. 
 
 So shall that hole be fit for tlie file, or square 
 bore. iloion. 
 
 3. The size of any hole; the cavity ; ihe 
 hollow. 
 
 We look a cylindrical pipe of glass, whose bore 
 was about a quarter of an inch in diameter, boyie. 
 
 Our careful monarch stands in person by. 
 This new-cast cannon's firmness to explore ; 
 
 The strength of big-corn 'd powder loves to try. 
 And ball and cartridjfe sorts tor every 6ofe. Dr\fd. 
 
 It will best appear in the hores of wind instru- 
 ments ; therefore cause pipes to be made with a 
 single, double, and soon, to a sextuple bore ; and 
 mark wh.it tone every one giveih. Bacon. 
 
 Bore. Tlie prt'erile of bear. 
 
 The father bore it with undaunted soul. 
 Like one who durst his destiny controul ; 
 Vet with becoming gritt he bore his part, 
 Resign'd his son, but not r-sign'd his heart. Dryd. 
 
 'Twas my fate 
 To kill my father, and pollute his bed 
 By marrying her who We me. Dryd. 
 
 Bo're.\l. adj. [boreitlis, Lat.] Northern; 
 septentrional. 
 
 Crete's ample fields diminish to our eye ; 
 Before the boreal blasts the vessels fly. Pope. 
 
 BOREAS. 71. s. [Ijxl.] The north wind. 
 
 Boreas, and Ca?cas, and Argeslas loud, 
 And Thrascias, rend the woods, and seas upturn. 
 
 MUtm. 
 Bo'ree. n.s, A kind of dance, 
 Dick could neatly dance a jig, 
 But Tom was best at borces. 5in^. 
 
 Bo'rer. 71. s. [from bore] .\ piercer; an 
 instrument to make holes with. 
 
 The master-bricklayer must try all the founda- 
 tions with aborcr, such as well-diggers use to try 
 tlie ground. Moion. 
 
 Born. The participle passive o^ bear. 
 
 Their charge was always boi'n by the quecn» 
 and duly paiH iml uf the exchequer* Baccm. 
 
 The great men were enabled to oppress their 
 inferiours ; and their followers were horn out and 
 countenanced in wicked actions. Daties. 
 
 Upon some occa>ions. Clodius may be bold and 
 insolent, ^<i**naway by his passion. 5tntt. 
 
 To be Born. r. h. pass, [derived from the 
 \vord To btary in the sense of brin^ifisr 
 forth: as, my mother 6(-;t me twenty 
 years ago ; or, 1 w;is born twenty years 
 ago.] 
 1. To come into life. 
 
 When we arc born, we cry, that we are come 
 
 To this great sta^e of fools. ' Shakcsy. 
 
 The new bom oabe by nurses overlaid. J}ryd. 
 
 Nor nature's law with fruitless sorrow niouni^ 
 
 But die, O mortal mau ! for thou wast bom. Prior 
 
 £e 
 
 209
 
 B O R 
 
 All Ihat are bom into the world are sarronnded 
 with bodies, that perpetually aiid diverslj affect 
 iheiii. Locke. 
 
 2. It is usually spoken ■with regard to cir- 
 cumstances : as, he was boj'n a prince ; 
 he was born to empire : he was born for 
 greatness : that is, formed at the birth. 
 
 'I'he stranger, that dweileth with you, shall be 
 unto you as one ftiM-rt among you, and thou shall 
 love him as thyself. Leviticus, xix. 34. 
 
 Yet man is oom unto trouble, as the sparks fly 
 upward. Job. 
 
 A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is 
 bom lor adversity. Proverbs. 
 
 Either of you knights may well deserve 
 A princess born ; and such is she you serve. Dryd. 
 
 Two rising crests his royal head adorn ; 
 Bom from a god, himself to godhead fconi. Dri/d. 
 
 Both must alike from heav n derive their light ; 
 Tliese bom to judge, as well as those to write. Pope. 
 
 Fur all luankind alike require their grace ; 
 All bnm to want ; a miserable race ! Pope. 
 
 I was bom to a good estate, although it now 
 turtieth to little account. Strijt. 
 
 Their lands are let to lords, who, never design- 
 ed to be tenants, naturally murmur at the pay- 
 ment of reuts, as a subserviency they were not 
 bom to. Swift. 
 
 3. It has usually the particle of before the 
 mother. 
 
 Be bloody, bold, and resolute ; laugh to scorn 
 The pow'r of man ; for none o^' woman bom 
 Shall harm Macbeth. Shaketp. 
 
 I being born of my father's first wife, and she 
 of his third, she converses with me rather like a 
 daughter than a sister. Tatler. 
 
 Bo'rough. n.s. [bo^ihoe, Saxon.] 
 
 1. It signified anciently a surety, or a 
 man bound for others. 
 
 A borough, as I here use it, and as the old laws 
 still use, is not a borough town, that is, a franchised 
 town ; but a main pledge of an hundred free per- 
 sons, therefore called a free borough, or, as you say, 
 franrpkgium. For borth, in old SaNon, signifieth 
 a pledge or surety : and yet it is so used with us 
 in some speeclies, as Chaucer sailh, St. John to 
 Baroh ; that is, for assurance and warranty. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. A town with a corporation. 
 
 And if a borough chuse hira not undone. Pope. 
 
 Bo'rough Englhh, is a customary de- 
 scent of lands or tenements, whereby, 
 in all places where this custom holds, 
 lands and tenements descend to the 
 youngest son ; or, if the owner have no 
 issue, to Iiis youngest brother. Coivell. 
 Bo'rrei- n.s. [it is explained by Junius 
 without etymology.] A mean fellow. 
 Siker thou speak'st like a lewd sorrel, 
 
 Of heaven to deemen so : 
 Howbe I am but rude and borrel. 
 
 Yet nearer ways I know. Spenser. 
 
 To BORROW, r. a. [borgen, Dutch; 
 bopjian. Sax.] 
 
 1. To take something from another upon 
 credit: opposed to lend. 
 
 He borrowed a box of the ear of the Englishman, 
 and swore he would pay hira agaui when he was 
 able. " Shakesp. 
 
 We have borrowed money for the king's tribute, 
 and that upon our lands ana vineyards. Ae/iemM/i. 
 
 2. To ask of another the use of something 
 for a time. 
 
 Then he said , go, borrow thee vessels abroad of 
 all tliy neighbours. 2 Kings. 
 
 Wl'icre darkness and surprize made conquest 
 cheap ! 
 Wliere virtue borrou^ the arras of chance, 
 And struck a random blow ! -Dn/d. 
 
 3. To take something belonging to an- 
 other. 
 
 BOS 
 
 A borrow'd title hast thou bought too dear ; 
 Why didst thou tell me that thou wert a king? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They may borrow something of instruction even 
 from tiieir past guilt. Decaii of Piety. 
 
 I was engaged in the translation of \ irgil, from 
 whom I have^ftorrou-ed only two months. Dryd. 
 
 These verbal signs they sometimes borrow from 
 others, and sometimes make themselves ; as one 
 njay observe among the new names children give 
 to things. Locke. 
 
 Some persons of bright parts have narrow re- 
 membrance; for, having riches of their own, they 
 are not solicitous to boi-row. Watts. 
 
 4. To use as one's own, though not be- 
 longing to one. 
 
 Unkind and cruel, to deceive your son 
 In borrow'd shapes, and his embrace to shun. 
 
 Dn/rf. 
 Bo'rrow. n.s. [from the verb.] The 
 thing borrowed. 
 
 Y'et of your royal presence I'll adventure 
 The borrow of a week. Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'rrower. n. s. [from borrow.'] 
 
 1. He that borrows ; he that takes money 
 upon trust : opposed to lender. 
 
 His talk is of nothing but of his poverty, for 
 fear belike lest I should have proved a young bor- 
 rower. Stdney. 
 
 Neither a borrower i^or a lender be ; 
 For loan oft loses both itself and friend. 
 And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. 
 
 SImkesp. 
 Go not my horse the better, 
 I must become a borrower of the night 
 For a dark hour or twain. Shakesp. 
 
 But you invert the cov'nants of lier trust. 
 And harshly deal, like an ill borrower, 
 AVith that which you receiv'd on other terms. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. He that takes what is another's, and 
 uses it as his own. 
 
 Some say, that I am a great borrower ; however, 
 none of my creditors have challenged me for it. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bo'scAGE. n. s. [boscage, Fr.] 
 
 1. Wood, or woodlands. 
 
 We bent our course thither, where we saw the 
 appearance of land ; and, the next day, we niight 
 plainlv discern that it was a land flat "to our sight, 
 and full <j( boscage, which made it shew the more 
 dark. Bacon. 
 
 2. The representation of woods. 
 
 Cheerful paintings in feasting and bantjueting 
 rooms ; graver stories in galleries ; landskips and 
 boscage, and such wild works, in open terraces, or 
 summer houses. Wotton. 
 
 Bo'SKY. adj. [bosque, Fr.] Woody. 
 
 And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown 
 My bosktj acres, and my unshrubb'd down. Sliak. 
 
 X know each laud, aind every alley green, 
 Dingle, or bushy ilell, of this wild wood, 
 And every bosky bourn from side to side. Milton. 
 
 BOSOM, n.s. [bopne, boj-om, Sax.] 
 
 1 . The embrace of the arms holding any 
 thing to the breast. 
 
 2. The breast ; the heart. 
 
 Our good old friend, 
 Lay comforts to your bosom ; and bestow 
 Your needful counsel to our businesses. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The folds of the dress that cover the 
 breast. 
 
 Put now thy hand into thy bosom ; and he put 
 his hand into his bosom : and'when he took it out, 
 behold bis hand was leprous as snow. Eiodus, iv. 6. 
 
 4. Inclosure; compass; embrace. 
 
 Unto laws thus received by a whole church, 
 they which live within the bosom of that church, 
 must not think it a matter indifl'ereut, either to 
 yield, or not to yield, obedience. Hixtker. 
 
 5. T'he breast, as the seat of the passions. 
 
 Anger resteth in the bosoms of fools. Eccles. 
 
 BOS 
 
 From jealousy's tormenting strife 
 For evtr be thy If^som fretd. Prior, 
 
 Uiiforiunale'Fallard ! O, who can name 
 The pauus of rftgc, of sorrow, and of shame, 
 Tiial with mix'd tumult in thy bo&om swell'd. 
 When first thou saw'st thy bravest troops repell'd I 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Here acting botoms wear a visage eay, 
 And stifled groans frecjuent llie Balfand plav. 
 
 i*'oung. 
 
 6, Tlie breast, as the seat of tenderness. 
 Their soul was poured out into their mother's 
 
 bosom. _ Laimmtations, 
 
 No further seek his virtues to disclose, 
 Or draw liis fruilties from tlieir dread abode ; 
 There they alike in trembling liope repose. 
 The bo.^nin of his father and his Uud. Oray. 
 
 7, The breast, as the receptacle of secrets. 
 
 If I covered my transgression as Adam, by 
 hiding my iniijuity in my oo$oin. Job. 
 
 8, Any receptacle close or secret ; as, the 
 bosom of the earth ; the bosom of the deep. 
 
 0. Thetenderaffections; kindness ; favour. 
 
 Whose age has charms in it, whose title more, 
 Topluck tlie common bostyms on his side. Sfmk. 
 
 To whom the great C'rcatur thus repiy'd ; 
 O Son, in wliom mv sou! hath chief delight. 
 Son of my bosom, Son who art alone 
 My word, ray wisdom, and effectual might! 
 
 PoroSwe Lo9t. 
 10. Inclination ; desire. Not used. 
 If you can pace your wisdom 
 In that good patli that I could wish it go. 
 You shall have your bosom on this wretch. SJiah. 
 
 Bosom, in composition, implies inti- 
 macy ; confidence ; fondness. 
 
 No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive 
 Out bosom-interest ; go, pronounce his death. Shak. 
 
 This Antonio, 
 Being the bosom-lover of ray lord. 
 Must needs be like m\- loril. Shakesp, 
 
 Those domestick traitors, bosom-thieves. 
 Whom custom hath calTd wives, the readiest helps 
 To betray the heady husbands, rob the easy. 
 
 Ben JoTison. 
 
 He sent for his bosom-Jriends, with whom he 
 most confidently cuusulted, and shewed the paper 
 to tlieai J the contents whereof he could not con- 
 ceive. Clarendon , 
 
 The fourth privilege of friendship is that which 
 is here specified in tiie text, a coraraunication of 
 secrets. A bosom-secret, and a bosom-friend, are 
 usually put together. South, 
 
 She' who was a bosom-friend of her royal mis- 
 tress, he calls an insolent woman, the worst of her 
 sex. Addison. 
 
 To Bosom, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To inclose in the bosom. 
 
 Bosom up my counsel ; 
 You'll find it wlmlesome. Shahesp. 
 
 I do not think my sister so to seek. 
 Or so unprincipled in virtue's book, . 
 
 And the sweet peace that bosoms goodoess ever. ' 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. To conceal in privacy. 
 
 Tlie groves, the fountains, and the flowVs, 
 That open now their choicest bosom'd smells, 
 Reserv'd for night, and kept for thee iii store. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 Towers and battlements it sees, 
 Bosom'd hish in tufted trees, 
 Where perliaps some beauty lies, 
 The cynosure of neighbouring eyes. ^ _ MUum. 
 
 To happy convents, bosom a d"eep in vines. 
 Where slumber abbots, purple as their wines. 
 
 Pope* 
 
 Boson, n.s* [corrupted from boatswain.l 
 
 The barks upon the billows ride. 
 The master will not stav ; 
 The merry boson from his side 
 His whihtle takes, to check and chide 
 The ling'ring lad's delay. Pop*. 
 
 Boss. n.s. [bosse, Fr.] 
 1. A stud ; an ornament raised above the 
 rest of the work ; a shining prominence. 
 
 ^
 
 B O T 
 
 WfclPt,Mfcilinij,8«i«igth.yot>|,ti»f«. 
 ■Ii n ii<ti n ilfiiiiiiliii<.'»|— rt j tmnfl'f^Knmrr 
 Tiia irarr, JMmArti far tke faaa of m biidle. 
 
 ■p far a pnice, and a vo 
 dVwJ It. 
 
 lofCafikor 
 ^'-~'- dVcd It.' Fiy«- 
 
 2. Tbe part risEng in the midst of any 
 
 Uiing. 
 
 He maelk apon hia^ even tm tif neck, ipoo 
 iheiiiiektMaof UsbocUcn. M.xr.ag. 
 
 3. A diick bodj of anj kind. 
 A fas aade of vood, «iih an inn hook, to 
 
 bma^ ga Ike btks. or on abdder, mwUekthe 
 bbMRi p«tt the Boitar at the brilekes af ibe 
 
 IfsdoaeappaliebeBadebjIke Cpa, ikoiis 
 fiiaiiil M. if b; the tmoflbe none to ^pa- 
 late, ear die ikraat. then K. HMer. 
 BosSAGE. ■.«. [in ardiitecture.] 
 L -Any stone that has a projectiire, and is 
 laid in a place in a boilding to be after- 
 wards carted. 
 2. Rustic work, -which conasts <£ stones, 
 which seem to advance beyond thpnakfd 
 oi a bailding, by reason of indftrti i na» 
 or efaannds left in tbe joiniD^: these 
 are chiefly in the oamas of edifices, and 
 called rustic quoins. Bttilder't Did. 
 Bo svEL. m.t. \ species of crou-Joot. 
 BoTA VlCJiL. \ adj. [from iyrim an betb.^ 
 Bot.a'MCK. / Relating to herbs; skilled 
 in berbts. 
 
 ,Si,it I ■■■! »t crideks leB at, ibe poeu bare 
 ■M nebdj tpDamtA the liaditinna ttaauifmtj, in 
 netaaocpboaag the asttnof Fhaetoo iaio pop- 
 
 BoTANLST. M. t. [from botamif.'] One 
 skilled in plants ; one who stndifM the 
 rarwos species of plants. 
 
 Tfcedi u ii n ai h e S t —a aaiim. takes aotiee of 
 bj that maffaa. kttmma. mat onijr a ooOeciioo cf 
 
 A plaee in tmy Bmak 
 
 Yet, vaking'bne a paffct itck, 
 
 TbnMs year poo* vovd faiaa hi* aolcfc. Sa^ 
 
 T* Botch, r. a. [from the noon.] 
 
 1 . To meod or p^ch clothes clumsily. 
 
 Tbcuooau, from iaedumg ocwljr hroo^it. uv 
 U«n. Dryiem. 
 
 2. To mend any thing awkwardly. 
 T* tact ap what tb' had UxB and leal, 
 
 BefipoB and ibe mtiumtat. Bm^krm. 
 
 3. To pat tpgetuer unsuitably, or unskil- 
 fully ; to make up of unsuitable pieces. 
 
 Go with Be to BJ bwne. 
 And hearihiM there, hom maaj fnuM e u praiAj 
 TlicrafiaB haih btei'W ap, that thoa thoebr 
 Majodeatib. ^An,. 
 
 Bex speech b DtKhing, 
 Yet tbe anthiprf ose of it dolb aaore 
 The heaiert lu ndiixiina ; iber aia at it. 
 And ircei the «<wb up fit to ttorovn tboodiU. 
 
 For IreaMiB titdt'd m Mmt will he thy h»e ; 
 BfaiflK i> the rack on wtacb ifaoa an to • le^ 
 
 4. To mark with botches 
 Yovng Hjbs, hudk't with Oaias too faal to 
 
 B O T 
 
 hones; answering, perhaps, to the oku- 
 ride* ia btsaan bodies. 
 
 PcafeaadheawareaadaBkhaeaaadac. aad 
 that i> tbe sen avT u> give poor jadea ihe faM. 
 
 BOTTLE. «... [b^talle. Ft.} 
 I . .A small vessel of glass, or odier matter, 
 with a narrow mnnlh, to put liquor in. 
 
 rdKohefd** 
 diiak oat o< 
 
 The 
 HiseoUl^ 
 U tar bejCTMl a 
 MaBjkarea 
 to shake tbeirhndi. Apes 
 it «asa»BeBibakeah>Ifa; 
 
 or iiBeaiat to BBabcT ap their tribes. 
 
 BoTASOLOGT. ■. «. [3M-»M^r>4«,] A dis- 
 course upon plants. Diet 
 
 BOTANY. «.*. [fiom g««« an herb.] 
 Tbe science of plants ; that part of na- 
 tural history which relates to vegetaUeg. 
 
 BOTARGO. m. t. [holmrga. Span.] A 
 rafahing sort of food, ma^ of the roes 
 of the rnnllet fi^; mncfa used on the 
 eossts of the Meditemnean, as an incen- 
 tive to drink. Cktmbcrt. 
 
 BOTCH, m. i. \ho:=a, pronouneed botza, 
 ItaL] 
 
 X. A sweOing or ernntive dismlnratian of 
 theikm. 
 
 Taae. vhkh rats al, ad Bakes hScbs pat. 
 A>d.piaddBK«i^ BastBakeacatfaaox, 
 HathaadeafanK 
 
 ^ -"' ^jlfcStleA 
 
 arhich, if it 
 cea,aaiBlfae 
 moUmhtreoBiiaoetoheaifli. Bknxy. 
 S- A part inany wockiBfiniEfaed, Boasto 
 ^^>ear worse than the rest. 
 
 VTabbiB. 
 ^ leave M nb> or teeio ia the vnk, 
 ffagpt. fc io a. BwteBhBee dte fate. Siafa^. 
 3. An asdtitimis, adrcntilaoiis port, dum- 
 B^added. 
 
 . u Wiblhwe awdtaKBot Dotadosshtcb^ 
 I.aa decened. tho^ ihe FRvfc uodMor 
 
 Ia cradle here renews ki« ToatbM burnt. Carti 
 
 BoTCHEE. a. ». Trom batch.'] .K caender 
 of old clothes ; the same to a taylor as a 
 cobler to a shoemaker. 
 
 He w» a hcckor's pceatice ia I^sis, ban 
 'obenoe be atas wfaipt far eettiDf the gkeiiS't fuoJ 
 with chad. "^ " Skafay. 
 
 BMcbn leA old doalht Id the kfch, 
 Aod tdl to tarn and patch the chaRh. ifadikw. 
 
 Bo'TCHT. adj. [firom botch.} Mariced with 
 botches. 
 
 .And Cboee biles did l aa aay n— Did not iIif 
 graeni ran r Vi^n uo; tbal a OKckf sue - S^.sk. 
 
 Bote. a. *. [boce^ Sax. a word now out 
 of use.] 
 
 1. K tsmpensatian or ammAts. (or a man 
 slain, which is boand to another. Cowtll. 
 
 2. It was used for any payment. 
 Both. adj. [bacu, faorp. Sax.] Tbe two ; 
 
 as well the one as the other. Et Fttm &■ 
 
 Fautre, Fr. It is used onhr of two. 
 
 CcwtU. 
 And the sieit dar, tak Boraiag aad afkemoaa, 
 be «as kept br oaf pailT. _ Stbun 
 
 theaiflhjraieBctaM 
 Let thr dean bole be eaiiie)T<faT. Mmr. 
 
 He lhie« Ma tMeaear't ibipa (MthcB «2a 
 
 filled viibMxpcals. which pat the oew ia di>- 
 
 «ti«- iMaskMI aa Cast. 
 
 2 .\ qtiantity of wine nsoaUy pot into a 
 
 bottle; a quart. 
 
 Six, T..O sIbII star, and take t'other katfe. 
 
 S. A quantity oi bay or grass hniwttefl ap. 
 IfniiinLs I bare a peai deoie to a fanfe of hnr ; 
 gaod bay. a-«et ha*, hah h> fdimm. aSk. 
 
 Bat nboald widKr iaa« day. ad |w> 
 
 To a k>ck of har, ibat as a itttU of paat- Piaa 
 
 To Bo TTLE. r. m. [from the noun.} To 
 inclose in bottles. 
 
 Y^oa Baj haveitaBoMeialleMcydef lOTal. 
 todriakortobBde. JfartMr. 
 
 When mae ia to be hoU ad; aaihnar bottles 
 ' B B rrl ii ir ljr befaR yoa begia ; bat be tan nr?l 
 to dnin thoa. Sitift. 
 
 Bo'TTLE, is often compounded with other 
 words; as, botlle-jritnd, a drinking- 
 friend ; bcttU-tompajuon. 
 
 Saa, abo is a TOT good 
 been ibe divenian of bis tot 
 BOTTLE-FLOITER. m. (. [cjfsmiu, LaC] 
 
 A p'ant. 
 Bo TTL&scREw. a. «. [from ioUU and 
 icrrK.'] k screw to poll oat tbe coric 
 A gjaa baxxi alaajrs breaks off the puiot of bb 
 "' bvuviagvhica is hardest. 
 
 iaflrii'na in two davs, 
 the point of tbe sciew 
 
 ■uc. B their tiaKs al pceachets of God's iralb ; 
 ftm^ br void, soae bv aiiltot,, sobc br facb. 
 
 Which of thea shaH I lake r 
 BmAf cue! oc aeiiha; neiaher caa be eajoT'd. 
 If btkieaain afire. AA^ 
 
 TwohnetscaMiot fha i f a iing^ bed; 
 As thenfoKistkaie canal in dmee, 
 ThebKofMbbelefitodestbTr Drydem. 
 
 A I eons and a Hdea hare £eea seea 
 Bidk (crjor'd arines, the goddess and tbe qaeea. 
 
 CraaaOc 
 
 Both. nmj. [fivm the adjective.] As 
 w^ : it has the conjunction end to cor- 
 respond with it. 
 
 A eieat aaehitade Web of thejevs aa^aboof 
 the (weeks behercd. Acu. 
 
 Fknr'rtojadpsialkqaickadiiML JChK. 
 £Mk tine buj was wanbv w be prais'd. 
 Aad SriBJc hi ai has often BaileaelaBg 
 To hear, fike hia^ to sneet a song. fTiy<ia 
 
 Bo'TBTOiD. mdf. [gi1p..t;lac.l Having the 
 form of a bunch of gnpes. 
 
 Ibeoatade is thick act wjih tsdai^iaiai 
 
 oEBCJcs, or oadi knobs, jeifaw. Uaa^ a^pv- 
 
 pte; aBofaEhmn^BetaBckhae. tTaadaard. 
 
 BoTS. K. <. [KiHuml « trngnlar.'] A ^>e- 
 
 cks of small worms in the entralb cf 
 
 or tbeaeck ofthebotde. 
 
 BOTTO.M. ■.*. [bocm, Sasoo ; hodai. 
 Germ.] 
 
 The lowest part of any thing. 
 •2. The ground under the water. 
 Saaliow bnwks that toa'd to dear, 
 Tbe bMSM did the top wpcac Oryie^ 
 
 A. The fiwindatkwi ; the graoDd-wark. 
 
 and caacot be affected b; objectioas aWh we 
 ftrftma hrinc^"*' riitbr iraairltflaa IfTiitaij 
 
 4. A dale ; a raliey ; a low groond. 
 
 Is tbe pcibeaB ttaitds a sbecp-oote. 
 West of this pboe: down ia tbe BeighhoarbBM^ 
 
 Onbotb tbe shores of that frailW feMaa. me 
 ttil to be aeaa Ik ^aks ftf McioM edtfces. 
 
 A^dMara JEla^. 
 
 Eqaal ceaaexin coald aerctbe teen: iheia- 
 habitBtts of aach Bi OBth ooald base o^ the 
 ptospeo of a little ciicitlar plain, which woald 
 appear to have an aecfiritT on aB tides ; aa that 
 ciciv aaB waaH laav^ aaatea lae JoBe■^ and 
 lliil'^r il ■ j-rll iai ai ii l in a t ai ai 
 
 Aathy. 
 
 5. Tbe part most remote from the riev ; 
 the deftest pnC 
 
 His prapoals and afgaBeats dvatd with6c»- 
 doBbe csaBiaedtothebMMto, that, if these be 
 any BJ ttake ia theia. as body bbj bcBttied hj 
 his Kpaialiaa. 
 
 6. Botmd; famiL 
 
 B^ there ' 
 Ia=Ti 
 
 2U
 
 B O T 
 
 7. The utmost extent or profundity of any 
 man's capacity, whether deepoi- shallow. 
 
 I will fctcli otf these justices: I do see tlic 
 bottom of Justice Shallow : how subject we old men 
 aie to lying! Shakesp. 
 
 8. The last resort; the remotest cause; 
 first motion. 
 
 He wrote many things wliicli are not published 
 in his name ; anil was at the biiltom of many ex- 
 cellent counsels, in whicll he did not appear, 
 
 Addison. 
 
 J). A ship ; a vessel for navigation. 
 A bawhling vessel was he captain of, 
 With which such scathful grapple did he make 
 With the most noble bottom ot^our fleet. Shalcesp. 
 
 My ventures are not in one bottom trusted ; 
 Nor to one place. Shukesp. 
 
 We have memory not of one ship that ever 
 returned, and but of thirteen persons imly, at se- 
 veral times, that chose to return in our bottoms. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 He 's a foolish seaman, 
 
 Tliat, when his ship is sinUing, will not 
 
 Unlade his hopes into another bottom. Denham. 
 
 He puts to sea upon his own bottom; holds the 
 
 stern himself; and now, if ever, we may expect 
 
 new discoveries. Aoirw. 
 
 He spreads his canvas, with his pole he steers, 
 
 The freights of flitting ghosts in his tliin bottom 
 
 bears. Vrijden. 
 
 10. A chance ; an adventure ; state of ha- 
 zard. 
 
 He began to say, that himself and the prince 
 were too much to"^venture in one bottom. Clarend. 
 
 We .ire ejubarked with them on the same bot- 
 tom, and nnist be partakers of their happiness or 
 misery. Spectator. 
 
 11. A ball of thread wound up together. 
 This whole argument will be like bottoms of 
 
 thread, close wound up. Bacon. 
 
 Silkworms finisli their bottoms in about fifteen 
 dajs. Mortimer. 
 
 Each Christmas they accounts did clear. 
 And wound their bottom round the year. Prior. 
 
 12. Bottom of a lane. The lowest end. 
 
 13. Bottom of beer. The grounds or dregs. 
 To Bottom, v. a. [frotn the noun.] 
 
 1. To build upon ; to fix upon as a sup- 
 port : with on. 
 
 They may have something of obscurity, as be- 
 ing bottomed upon, and fetched from, the true na- 
 ture of the things. Hale. 
 
 Pride has a very strong foundation in the mind ; 
 it is bottomed upoji self-love. CoUier. 
 
 The grounds upon which we bottom our reason- 
 ing;, are but a part ; something is left out, which 
 should go into the reckoning. Locke. 
 
 Action is supposed to be bottomed upon princi- 
 ple. Atterbury. 
 
 2. To wind upon something; to twist 
 thread round something. 
 
 Therefore, as you unwind your love for him, 
 I.,est it should ravel, and be good to none. 
 You must provide to bottom it on me. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bo'ttom. t'. 71. To rest upon, as its 
 ultimate support. 
 
 Find out upon what foundation any proposition 
 advanced, bottoms ; and observe the intermediate 
 ideas, by which it is joined to that foundation 
 upon which it is erected. Locke. 
 
 Bo'ttom ED. «(//. [from bottom.'] Having 
 a bottom : it is usually compounded. 
 
 There being prepared a mimber u( Jiat-bottomed 
 boats, to transport the land-forces, under the wing 
 and protection of the great navy. Bacon. 
 
 Bottomless. ai(j. [from bottom.] With- 
 out a bottom ; fathomless. 
 
 Wickedness may well be compared to a bottom- 
 lens pit, into which it is easier to keep one's self 
 from falling, than being fallen, to give one's self 
 any stay from falling inhnitely. Sidney. 
 
 Is not my sorrow deep, having no brttom ? 
 Then be ray passions bottomless with them. Shak. 
 
 B O U 
 
 Him the Ahnighty Pow'r 
 Hurl'd headlong flaming from th' etherial sky 
 To bottomless perdition. Milton. 
 
 Bottomry, n. s. [in navigation and 
 commerce.] The act of borrowing mo- 
 ney on a ship's bottom ; that is, by en- 
 gaging the vessel for the repayment of 
 it, so as that, if the ship miscarry, the 
 lender loses the money advanced ; but, 
 if it aiTives safe at the end of the voyage, 
 lie is to repay tlie money lent, with a 
 certain premium or interest agreed on ; 
 and this on pain of forfeiting the ship. 
 
 Haj-ris. 
 BOUCHET. 71. s. [French.] A sort of 
 
 pear. 
 BouD. 71. s. An insect wliich breeds in 
 malt ; called also a iveevil. Diet. 
 
 To BouGE. V. 71. [bouge, Fr.] To swell 
 
 out. 
 Bough, n. s. [bog, Sax. the gk is mute.] 
 An arm or large shoot of a tree, bigger 
 than a branch, yet not always distin- 
 guished from it. 
 
 A vine-labourer, finding a boiigli broken, took 
 a branch of the same bough, and tied it about the 
 place broken. Sidney. 
 
 Their lord and patron loud did him proclaim, 
 And at liis feet their laurel boughs did throw. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 From the bough 
 She gave him of that fair enticing fruit. Milton. 
 
 As the dove's fliglitdid ouide ^Eneas, now 
 May thine conduct me to the oolden bough. Denh. 
 
 Under some fav'rite myrtle s shady boughs, 
 They speak their passions in repeated vows. 
 
 .Roscommon. 
 See liow,, on every bough, the birds express, 
 In their sweet notes, their happiness. Dryden. 
 
 '■Twas all her joy the ripening fruits to tend. 
 And see the boughs with happy burdens bend. Pope. 
 Bought, preter. and participle of To 
 buy ; which see. 
 
 The chief were these who not for empire fought. 
 But with their blood their country's safety bought. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bought. 7i. s. [from To bow.] 
 
 1. A twist ; a link ; a knot. 
 
 His huge long tail wound up in hundred folds. 
 Whose wreathed boughts whenever he unfolds. 
 And thick entangled knots adown does slack. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Immortal verse, 
 Such as the melting soul may pierce. 
 In notes, with many a winding bought 
 Of linked sweetness, long drawn out. Milton. 
 
 2. A flexure. 
 
 The flexure of the joints is not tlie same in ele- 
 phants as in other quadrupeds, but nearer unto 
 those of a man ; tlie bought of the fore-legs not 
 directly backward, but laterally, and somewhat 
 inward. Broun s Vulgar FrrouTS. 
 
 BOU ILLON. 71. s. [French.] Broth ; 
 soup ; any thing made to be supped : a 
 term used in cookery. 
 
 Bo'uLDER Walls [In architecture.] Walls 
 built of round flints or pebbles, laid in a 
 strong mortar ; used where the sea has a 
 beach cast up, or where there are plenty 
 of flints. Builder's Diclio7iary . 
 
 To BouLT. V a. See To Bolt. 
 
 To BOUNCE, ti. n. [a word formed, says 
 Skinner, from the sound.] 
 
 I . To fall or fly against any thing with 
 great force, so as to rebound. 
 
 The fright awaken'd Arcite with a start. 
 Against His bosom bounc'd his heaving heart. Ihyd. 
 
 BOU 
 
 2. To spring ; to make a sudden leap, a 
 sudden explosion. 
 
 High nonsense is like beer in a bottle, which 
 has, in reality, no strength and spirit, but freti, 
 and flies, and bounces, and imitates the passions of 
 a much nobler liquor. Addison. 
 
 'i'liey bounce from their nest. 
 No longer will tarry. Sui^i. 
 
 Onlhounc'd the mastiff of the triple head ; 
 Away the hare witli double swiftness fled. Swift. 
 
 3. To make a sudden noise. 
 
 Just as I was putting out my light, another 
 bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift. 
 
 4. To boast ; to bully : a sense only used 
 in familiar speech. 
 
 5. To be bold, or stnmg. 
 
 Forsootli the boutwing Amazon, 
 Your buskin'd mistress, and your warriour love, 
 To Theseus must be wedded. Shakctp, 
 
 Bounce, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A strong sudden blow. 
 
 The bounce burst ope the door ; the scornful fair 
 Relentless look'd. Dryden. 
 
 2. A sudden crack or noise. 
 
 What cannoneer begot this lusty blood ? 
 He speaks plain cannon fire, and smoke, and 
 
 bounce ; 
 He gives the bastinado with his tongue. Shakesp. 
 
 Two hazel-nuts I threw into the flame. 
 And to each nut I gave a sweetheart's name ; 
 This with the loudest bounce me sore amaz'd, 
 'I'liat in a flame of brightest colour blaz'd. Oay. 
 
 3. A boast ; a threat : in low language. 
 
 Bo'UNCER. n.s. [from bounce.] Aboaster; 
 a bully ; an empty threatener ; in collo- 
 quial speech. 
 
 BOUND, n. s. [from bind] 
 
 1. A limit ; a boundary ; that by which 
 any thing is terminated. 
 
 Illimitabie ocean! without bound. 
 Without dimension J where length, breath, and 
 
 height, 
 And time, and place, are lost. Milton. 
 
 Those vast Scythian regions were separated by 
 the natural bounds of rivers, lakes, mountains, 
 woods, or marshes. Temple. 
 
 Indus and Ganges, our wide empire's bou7ids. 
 Swell their dy'd currents with their natives 
 wounds. Dryden. 
 
 Through all th' infernal bounds. 
 Which iraming Phlegetlion surrounds, 
 Sad Orpheus sought his consort lost. Ptype. 
 
 2. A limit by which any excursion is re- 
 strained. 
 
 Hath he set bounds between their love and me ? 
 I am their mother, who shall bar me from them ? 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Stronger and fiercer by restraint he roars. 
 
 And knows no bound, tut makes his pow'r his 
 
 shores. Denham. 
 
 Any bounds made with body, even adamantine 
 
 walls," are far from putting a stop to the mind, in 
 
 its progress in space. Locke. 
 
 3. [from To bound, v, n.] A leap ; a jump ; 
 a spring. 
 
 Do but note a wild and wanton herd, 
 Or race of youthful and unhandled colts, 
 Fetching mad bounds, bellowing, and neighing 
 loud. Shakesp. 
 
 The horses started with a sudden bmind. 
 And flung the reins and chariot to the ground. 
 
 Addiion. 
 Dext'rous he 'scapes the coach with nimble 
 bottnds, 
 Whilst ev'ry honest tongue Stop thief resounds. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 4. A rebound ; the leap of something 
 flying back by the force of the blow. 
 
 These inward disgusts are but the first bound of 
 this ball of contention. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Bound, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To limit; to terminate. 
 
 312
 
 B O U 
 
 A lofty tow'r, and strone on every side 
 With treble walls, which Phlegethun surrounds. 
 Whose fiery flood the burning em pire bounds. Dryd, 
 
 2, To restrain ; to confine. 
 Take but degree away, 
 
 The bounded waters 
 
 Would lift their bosoms higher than the shores, 
 
 And make a sop of all this solid globe. Sliakay. 
 
 3. Sometimes with in. 
 
 My mother's blood 
 Runs ou the dexter cheek, and this sinister 
 Bounds in my sire's. Shakesp. 
 
 To BOUND. V. n. [hondir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To jump ; to spring ; to move forward 
 by leaps. 
 
 Torrismond appear'd. 
 Gave me his hand, and led me lightly o'er, 
 Leaping and bounding on tiie biHows heads. Dryd. 
 
 Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds ; 
 Panting with hope, he tries the furrow'd grounds. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 When sudden through the woods a bounding stag 
 
 Rush'd headlong down, and plung'd amidst the 
 
 river. Rawe. 
 
 Warbling to the vary'd strain, advance 
 
 Two sprightly youths, to form the bounding dance. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To rebound ; to fly back by repercus- 
 sion. 
 
 Mark then a hounding valour in our Euglish, 
 That being dead, like to the bullets grazing, 
 Breaks out into a second course of mischief. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Bound, v. a. To make to bound. 
 
 If 1 might buffet for my love, or bound my 
 horse for her favours, I would lay on like a but- 
 cher, and sit like a jackanapes, never off. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 If love, ambitious, sought a match of birth, 
 Whose veins boimd richer olood than lady Blanch ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bound, preterite and participle passive 
 of bind. 
 
 Nay, said Pamela, none shall take that office 
 from myself, being so much bound as 1 am for my 
 education. Sidney. 
 
 This is Antonio, 
 To whom I am so infinitely bound. — 
 -^You should in all sense be much bound to him ; 
 For, as I hear, he was much bound for you. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The gentleman is learn'd, a most rare speaker, 
 To nature none more bound. Shakesp. 
 
 The bisho(is of Hungary, being wonderfolly 
 rich, were bound to keep great nunibers of horse- 
 men, which they used to bring into the field. 
 
 KnolU's. 
 
 They summoned the governor to deliver it to 
 them, or else they would not leave one stone 
 upon another. To which the governor made no 
 other reply, than that he was not bound to rejmir 
 it ; but, however, he would, by God's help, keep 
 the ground afterwards. Clarendon. 
 
 Bound, adj. [a word of doubtful etymo- 
 logy.] Destined ; intending to come to 
 any place. 
 
 His be that care, whom most it doth concern. 
 Said he ; but whither with such hasty flight 
 Art thou now bound ? for well might I discern 
 Great cause, that carries thee so swift antl light. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 To be bound for a port one desires extremely, 
 and sail to it with a fair gale, is very pleasant. 
 
 Temple. 
 Willing we sought your shores, and hither 
 bound, 
 The port so long desirM at length we found. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Bo'undary. U.S. [from bound.] Limit; 
 bound. 
 
 He suffers the confluence and clamours of the 
 people to pass all boundaries of laws, and reverence 
 to his authority. King Charles. 
 
 B O U 
 
 Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of 
 our thoughts ; beyond which the mind, whatever 
 efforts it would make, is not able to advance. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Great part of our sins consist in the irrejzulari- 
 ties attending the ordiiiary pursuits of life; ^o 
 that our reformation must appear, by pursuing 
 them within the boundaries of duty. Uogers. 
 
 Bo'unden. participle passive of hind. 
 Not now much in use. 
 
 Hereafter, in a better world than this, 
 I sliall desire mure love and knowledge uf you. — 
 ^I rest much boanden to you ; fare you well. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 We also most humbly besought him to accept 
 of us as his true servants, by as just a right as 
 ever men on earth were bounden. Bacon. 
 
 To be careful for a provision of all necessaries 
 for ourselves, and those who depend on us, is a 
 bouiulen duty. Rogers. 
 
 Bo'uNDiNG-STONE. 7 w. ^. A stone to 
 Bound-stone. j play with. 
 
 I am past a boy ; 
 A sceptre 's but a play-thing, and a globe 
 A bigger bounding-stone. Dryden. 
 
 Bo'UNDLESS. adj, [from bound.] Unli- 
 mited ; unconfined; immeasurable ; il- 
 limitable. 
 
 Beyond the infinite and boundless reach 
 Of mercy, if thou didst this deed of death, 
 Art thou damn'd, Hubert. Shakesp. 
 
 Heav'n has (»f right all victory design'd ; 
 Whence boundless power dwells in a will confin'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Man seems as boundless in his desires, as God is 
 in his bein^ ; anvH therefore nothing but God him- 
 self can satisfy him. South. 
 
 Though we make duration boundless as it is, we 
 cannot extend it beyond all being. God fills eter- 
 nity, and it is hard to tind a reason why any one 
 should doubt that he fills inmiensity. Locke. 
 
 Some guide the course of wand'ring orbs on 
 high. 
 Or roll tlie planets through the boundless sky. Pope. 
 
 Bo'uNDLESSNESs. U.S. [from boundless.] 
 
 Exemption from limits. 
 
 God has corrected the boundlessness of his vo- 
 luptuous desires, by stinting his capacities. South. 
 
 Bo'uNTEOUS. adj. [from bounty.] li- 
 beral; kind ; generous; munificent; be- 
 neficent : a word used chiefly in poetry 
 for bountiful. 
 
 Kvery one. 
 According to the gift which bounteous nature 
 Hath in him clos'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Her soul abhorring avarice. 
 Bounteous ; but almost bounteous to a vice. Dryd. 
 
 Bo'uNTEOUSLY. adv. [from bounteous.] 
 
 Liberally; generously; largely. 
 
 He fcountcoui/j^bestow'd unenvy'd good 
 On me. Dryd. 
 
 Bo'uNTEOUSNESs. n.s. [from bounteous.] 
 Munificence; liberality; kindness. 
 He filieth all things living with bounteousness. 
 
 Psalms. 
 
 Bo'UNTlFUL. adj. [from bounti/a.ndfull.] 
 
 1, Liberal ; generous; munificent. 
 
 As bountiful as mines of India. Shakesp. 
 
 If you will be rich, yuu must live frugal ; if you 
 will 6e popular, you must be bountiful. TaiiU'r. 
 
 I am obliged to return my thanks to many, who 
 without considering the man, have been bountiful 
 to the poet. Drvd. 
 
 God, the bountyul author of our being. Locke. 
 
 2. It has of before the thing given, and 
 
 lo before the person receiving. 
 
 Our king spares nothing, to give them the share 
 of that felicity, o/' which lie is so brnz/ifj/'itf to his 
 kingdom. Dryd. 
 
 Bo'UNTiFULLY, adv, [from bountiful.] 
 
 B O U 
 
 Liberally ; in a bountiful manner ; 
 largely. 
 
 And now thy alms is gi»e.i, 
 
 And tliy poor siarvtiing bountifully fed. Drnint. 
 
 It is amrnicd, thai it never raineth in Egypt ; 
 
 tlie river bounlijully requiting it in its iDundation. 
 
 Brouit's Vulg Err. 
 
 Bo'uNTi FULNESS. 71. s. [from bountiful.] 
 The quality of being bountiful ; gene- 
 rosity. 
 
 Enriched lu ^ill Icmnlifubust. » Cannthuim. 
 
 Bo'uNTlHEAD.'J n. s. [from bounty and 
 
 BouNTiHKDK. ;■ head, or hood. See 
 
 Bo'UNTiHooD.J Hood.] Goodness; 
 
 virtue. It is now wholly out of use. 
 
 1 his goodly frame of temperance. 
 Formerly grounded, and fast settled 
 On firm fcunidation of true bountihcad. Fairy Q, 
 
 How siiall frail pen, witli fear disparaged. 
 Conceive such sovereign glory, and great 6ount*- 
 hood ? Fairy Quern. 
 
 BO'UNTY. n. s. [bonte, Fr.] 
 
 1. Generosity; liberality; munificence. 
 
 Wc do not so far magnify her exceeding bounty^ 
 astoatfirm, that she Dringetli into the world tl»e 
 sons of men, adorned with gorceous attire. Hoohcr. 
 
 If you kitew to whom you sliew this lionour, 
 I know you would be prouder of the work, 
 'i'han customary Innitttu can enforce you. ithaktsp. 
 
 Such moderation with thy bounty joint 
 Tliat thou may 'st nothing give that is not thine. 
 
 Denliam. 
 
 Those godlike men, to wanting virtue kind, 
 Bountti well plac'd |ireferr'd, and well design'd, 
 I'o all their titles. Drmiei. 
 
 2. It seems distinguished from charity, as 
 a present from an alms ; being used 
 when persons, not absolutely necessi- 
 tous, receive gifts ; or when gifts are 
 given by great persons. 
 
 Tell a miser of bounty to a friend, or rDercy k> 
 the poor, and he will not understand it. South. 
 
 Her majesty did not see this assembly so proper 
 to excite charily and compassion ; though I quev 
 lion not but lier royal bounty will extend itself to 
 them. AddiiOH. 
 
 To Bo'uRGEON. V. n. [botirgeonner, Fr.] 
 To sprout; to shoot into branches; lo 
 put forth buds. 
 
 Long may the dew of heaven distil upon them, 
 to make tliem bourgeon and propagate among 
 themselves. Iloiril. 
 
 that I had the fruitful heads of Hydra. 
 That one might bourgeon where another fell I 
 Still would I give thee work. Drydtn. 
 
 Bourn, n. s. [home, Fr.] 
 
 1. Abound; a limit. 
 
 Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 That undiscover'd country, from whose bourn 
 
 No traveller returns. ' Shakesp. 
 
 False, 
 .'Vs dice are to be wish'd by one that fixes 
 No bourn 'twixt his and mine. Shakesp. 
 
 1 know each lane, and every alley preen, 
 .\nd every bosky bourn from side to side. Milt.'m. 
 
 2. [From bujin, Saxon.] A brook ; a tor- 
 rent : whence many towns, seated near 
 brooks, have names ending in bourn. 
 It is not now used in either sense ; 
 though the second continues in the 
 Scottish dialect. 
 
 Ne swelling Neptune, ne loud thund'ring Jove, 
 Can change my cheer, or make me ever mourn : 
 My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. 
 
 Spfnscr. 
 
 To BOUSE, r. n. [but/sen, Dutch.] To 
 drink lavishly ; to tope, 
 
 213
 
 BOW 
 
 As he rode, he sumeuhat still did eat, 
 In] his hand did bear a bousing can. 
 Of which he sipt. Fair\f Queen. 
 
 Bou'SY. adj, [from bouse.] Drunken. 
 
 Willi a long lej^end of roniantick things, 
 Which in his cups the bonsy poet sings. Dryden. 
 
 The guests upon the day appointed came, 
 Each bousy farmer with his simj/ring dame. King. 
 
 Bout. 71. s. [botta, ItaL] A turn; as much 
 of an action as is performed at one time, 
 without Interruption ; a single part of 
 any action carried on by successive in- 
 tervals. 
 
 The play began : Pas durst not Cosma chace ; 
 But did intend next hout witli her to meet. Sidney. 
 
 Ladies, that have your feet 
 Unplagucd witli corns, we'll have a bout. Shahesp. 
 
 When iu your motion you are hot. 
 As make your bouts more violent to that end, 
 He calls for drink. Shakcsp. 
 
 If he chance to 'scape this dismal bout. 
 The former legatees are blotted out. Dryden. 
 
 A. weasel seized a bat; the bat begged for life : 
 says the weasel, I give no quarter to birds : says 
 the bat, I am a mouse ; look on my body : so she 
 got off for that bout. V Estrange. 
 
 We'll see when 'tis enough. 
 Or if it want the nice concluding bout. ^i'^g- 
 
 BOU'TEFEU. n.s. [French.] An in- 
 cendiary; one who kindles feuds and 
 discontents. Now disused. 
 
 Animated by a base fellow, called John a Cham- 
 ber, a very boutefeu, who bore nmch sway among 
 the vulgar, they entered into open rebellion. 
 
 Baarn. 
 
 Nor could ever any order be obtained impar- 
 tially to punish the known boutefeus, and open in- 
 cendiaries. King Charles. 
 
 Besides the herd of boutefeus. 
 We set on work within the house. Hudibras. 
 
 Bo'UTlSALE. n.s, [I suppose from bout]/ 
 or booty, and sale,] A sale at a cheap 
 rate, as booty or plunder is commonly 
 sold. 
 
 To speak nothing of the great bontisale of col- 
 leges and chantries. Sir J. Hayward. 
 
 BOUTSRIMEZ. [French.] The last 
 words or rhimes of a number of verses 
 given to be filled up. 
 
 To BOW. v.a. [bujen, Saxon ] 
 
 1. To bend, or inflect. It sounds as noic, 
 or hou\ 
 
 A threepence boicd would hire me 
 Old as 1 am, to queen it. Shakcsp. 
 
 Orpheus, with his lute, made trees, 
 Arid the mountain tops that freeze, 
 Boio themselves when he did sing. Shakesp. 
 
 Some bow the vines, which bury'd in the plain, 
 Their tops in distant arches rise again. Dryden. 
 
 The mind has not been made obedient to dis- 
 cipline, when at first it was most tender and most 
 easy to be bowed. Locke. 
 
 2. To bend the body in token of respect 
 or submission. 
 
 They came to meet him, and bowed themselves 
 to the ground before hira. 2 Khigs. 
 
 Is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to 
 spread sackcloth and ashes under him ? wilt thuu 
 call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the Lord ? 
 
 Isaiah. 
 
 3. To bend, or incline, in condescension. 
 
 Let it not grieve thee to bow down thine ear to 
 the poor, and give him a friendly answer. 
 
 Ecchis. 
 
 4. 1 o depress ; to crush. 
 
 Are you so gospell'd, 
 To pray for this good man, and for his issue, 
 Whose heavy hand hath bow'd you to the grave, 
 And beggar a yours for ever ? Shakesp. 
 
 Now wasting years my former strength con- 
 found. 
 And added woes may bmv me to the giouud. Pope, 
 
 BOW 
 
 To Bow. v.n. 
 
 1. To bend ; to suffer flexure. 
 
 2. To make a reverence. 
 
 Rather let my head 
 Stoop to the block, than these knees bow to any, 
 Save to the God of heav'ii, and to my king. Shuk. 
 This is the great idol to wliich the world bows ; 
 to this we pay our devoutest horaacc. 
 
 Vccay fjf' Piety. 
 Admir'd, ador'd, by all the circling crowd. 
 For wlieresoe'er she tiirn'd her face, they bow'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To stoop. 
 
 The people bowed down upon their knees to 
 diink. Judges. 
 
 4. To sink under pressure. 
 
 They stoop, they bow down together; they 
 could not deliver the burden. Isaiah, xlvi 2. 
 
 Bow. n. s. [from the verb. It is pro- 
 nounced, like the verb, as now, hotv.] 
 An act of reverence or submission, by 
 bending the body. 
 
 Some clergy too she would allow, 
 Nor quarrell'd at their awkward bow. Swift. 
 
 Bow. 71. s. [pronounced as grow, no, lo, 
 without any regard to tlie iv.] 
 
 1. An instrument of war, made by holding 
 wood or metal bent with a string, whicli, 
 by its spring, shoots arrows with great 
 force. 
 
 Take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver, 
 and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take mc 
 some venison. Genesis. 
 
 The white faith of hist'ry cainiot show. 
 That e'er the musket yet could beat tlie bow. 
 
 Alleyne's Henry VII. 
 
 2. A rainbow. 
 
 1 do set my bon^ in the cloud, and it shall be for 
 a token of a covenant between me and the earth. 
 
 \jen. ix. 13. 
 
 3. The instrument with which string-in- 
 struments are struck. 
 
 Their instruments were various in their kind ; 
 Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind ; 
 The sawtry, pipe, and hautboy's nuis}' band. 
 And the soft lute trembling beneatli the touching 
 hand. Dryi. Fables. 
 
 4. The doubling of a string in a slip-knot. 
 This is perhaps corruptly used for 
 bought. 
 
 Make a knot, and let the second kmrt be with 
 a bow. Wiseman. 
 
 5. A yoke. 
 
 As the ox hath his bou; Sir, the horse his curb, 
 and the faulcon Ins bells, so man hath his desire. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 G. Bow of a saddle. The bows of a saddle 
 are two pieces of wood laid archwise, 
 to receive the upper part of a horse's 
 back, to give the saddle its due fonn, 
 and to keep it tight. 
 
 Farrier's Dictionary. 
 
 7. Bow of a ship. That part of her which 
 begins at the loof, and compassing ends 
 of the stern, and ends at the sternmost 
 parts of the forecastle. If a ship hath a 
 laroad bow, they call it a bold bow ; if a 
 narrow thin bow, they say she hath a 
 lean bow. The piece of orchiance that 
 lies in this place, is called the bow- 
 piece; and the anchors that hang here, 
 are called her great and Utile bowers. 
 
 8. Bow is also a mathematical instrument, 
 made of wood, formerly used by sea- 
 men in taking the sun's altitude. 
 
 BOW 
 
 9, BoMi is likewise a beam of woodorbrass 
 with three long screws, that direct a lath 
 of wood or steel to any arch ; used com- 
 monly to draw draughts of ships, pro- 
 jections of the sphere, or wherever it is 
 requisite to draw long arches. Harris. 
 
 Bow-BEAREK. n.s. [from Aou) and bear."] 
 An under-officer of the forest. Cowell. 
 
 Bow-bent. adj. [from how and bent.'] 
 Crooked. 
 
 A sibyl old, bow-bent with crooked age. 
 That far events full wisely couhi presage. Milton. 
 
 Bow-HAND. n.s. \trom bow snd hand. ^ 
 The hand that draws the bow. 
 
 Surely he shoots wide on the bow-band, and 
 very far from the mark. Spenser s Ireland. 
 
 Bow-legged, adj. {from bow and leg. ^ 
 
 Having crooked legs. 
 Bow-siloT. n. s. [from boic and shot-l 
 
 The space which an arrow may pass in 
 
 its flight from the bow. 
 Though he were not then a bow-shot off, and 
 
 made haste ; yet, by that time he was conie, the 
 
 thing was no longer to be seen. Boyle. 
 
 BOWELS, n. s. [boyaux, Fr.] 
 
 1. Intestines; the vessels and organs 
 within the body. 
 
 He smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and 
 shed out his bowels. 2 Sam. xx. 10. 
 
 2. The inner parts of any thing. 
 Had we no quarrel else to Rome, but lliat 
 
 Thou art llience banish'd, we would nmster alt 
 From twelve to seventy ; and pouring war 
 Into the bowels of ungrateful Rome, 
 Like a bold flood appear. ^ Shakesp. 
 
 His soldiers spying his undaunted spirit, 
 A Talbot! Talbot! cried out amain. 
 And rush'd into the bowels of tlie battle. .Shakesp. 
 
 As he saw drops of water distilling from the 
 rock, by following the veins, he has jnade himself 
 two or three fountains in the bowels of the moun- 
 tain. Addixti. 
 
 3. Tlie seat of pity or kindness. 
 
 His bowels did yern upon him. Genesis. 
 
 4. Tenderness ; compassion. 
 
 He had no other consideration of money, than 
 for the support of his lustre ; and whilst he could 
 do that, he cared not for money ; having no boweh 
 in the point of running in debt, or borrow ing all be 
 could. Clarendon. 
 
 5. This word seldom has a singular, ex- 
 cept in writers of anatomy. 
 
 Bo'wer. n. *. [from bvugh or brunch, or 
 from the verb To bow or bend.] 
 
 1. An arbour; a sheltered place covered 
 with green trees, twined and bent. 
 
 But, O sad virgin, that thy power 
 Might raise JMusa^us from his bower. Milton. 
 
 The gods appealing, when I reach their bowers 
 With loud complaints, they answer me in sbow'rs. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Refresh'd, they wait them to the 6(JU''r of state. 
 Where, circled with his peers, Atrides sat. Pope. 
 
 2. It seems to signify, in Spenser, a. blow; 
 a stroke ; bourrer, Fr. to fall upon. 
 
 Hisrawbonearms, whose mighty brawned 6ourr5 
 Were wont to rive steel plates, arid helmets hew, 
 Were clean consum'd, and all his vital powers 
 Decay'd. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Bo'wer. n. s. [from the bom of a ship.] 
 Anchors so called. See Bow. 
 
 To Bo'wer. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 embower; to inclose. 
 
 Tliou didst bower the spirit 
 In mortal paradise of such sweet flesn. Shakesp. 
 
 Bo'wery. adj. [from bower.] Full oi 
 bowers. 
 
 314
 
 BOW 
 
 Lanclskips how gay tlie doui'ry grotto yields, 
 Which thought creates, and lavish fancy builds ! 
 " TkktU. 
 
 Snatch'd through the verdant maze, the hurried 
 eye 
 Distracted wanders : now the bow'rii walk 
 Of covert close, where scarce a speck of day 
 Falls on the lengtheu'd gloom, protracted sweeps. 
 
 TItomson. 
 
 To BowGE. See To Bouge. 
 
 BOWL. 71. s. [buelin, Welsh; which sig- 
 nifies, according to Junius, any thing 
 made of horn, as drinking cups anciently 
 were. It is pronounced bole.] 
 
 1. A vessel to bold liquids, rather wide 
 than deep ; distinguished from a cup, 
 which is rather deep than wide. 
 
 Give nie a boivL of wine ; 
 I have not that alacrity of spirit. 
 Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 If a piece of iron he fastened on the side of a 
 fcou/i of water, a loadstone, in a boat of cork, will 
 make unto it. Browti, 
 
 The sacred priests, with ready knives, bereave 
 The beasts of life, and in full bowU receive 
 The streaming blood. Dryden. 
 
 While the bright Sein, t' exalt the soul. 
 With sparkling plenty crowns the bowl, 
 And wit and social mirth inspires. 
 
 FenUm to Lord (Joiver. 
 
 2. The hollow part of any thing. 
 
 If you are allowed a large silver spoon for the 
 kitchen, let half tlie bowl of it be worn out with 
 continual scraping. SidJ't. 
 
 3. A basin, or fountain. 
 
 But the main matter is so to convey the water, 
 as it never stay either in the boui or in the cistern. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 BOWL. w. s. [boule, Fr. It is pronounced 
 as coiv, howl.] A round mass, which 
 may be rolled along the ground. 
 
 Like to a bowl upon a subtile ground, 
 I've tumbled past the throw. Shahesp. 
 
 How finely dost tlion times and seasons spin ! 
 And make a twist checker'd with night and da3' ! 
 Which, as it lengthens, winds, and winds us in. 
 As bowls ^0 on, but turning all the way. Herbert. 
 
 Like hmi, who would lodge a bowl upon a pre- 
 cipice, either ray praise falls back, or sL^j's not on 
 the top, but rowls over. Driiden. 
 
 Men may make a game at bowls in the sunimer, 
 and a game at whisk in the winter. Vennis's Let. 
 
 Though that piece of wood, which is now a 
 bowl, may be made square, yet, if roundness be 
 taken away, it is no longer a bowl. Watts^s Logick. 
 
 To Bowl. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To roll as a bowl. 
 
 2. To pelt with any thing rolled. 
 
 Alas ! I had rather be set quick i' th' earth, 
 And bowl'd to death with turnips. 
 
 Mtny Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Bo'WLDER-STONES. n. s. Lumps or frag- 
 ments of stones or marble, broke from 
 the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being 
 tumbled to and again by the water ; 
 whence their n.ime. Woodward. 
 
 Bo'wLER. n..?. [from bowl.] He that 
 plays at bowls. 
 
 Bo'wLiNE.) n.i. [sea term.] Aropefiist- 
 Bo'wuNG. J ened to the middle part of 
 the outside of a sail ; it is fastened in 
 three or four parts of the sail, called the 
 bowling bridle. The use of the boul- 
 ing is to make the sails stand sharp or 
 dose to a wind. Harris. 
 
 Bo'wLiNG- GREEN, n.a. [from 6ojr/ and 
 green.] A level piece of ground, kept 
 smooth for bowlers. 
 
 BOX 
 
 A bowl equally poised, and thrown upon a plain 
 bowling-green, will run necessarily in a direct line, 
 
 BaUUy 
 
 Bo'WMAN, n.s. [from bow and man,] An 
 archer ; he that shoots with a bow. 
 
 TliC whole city shall flee, for the noise of the 
 horsemen and bowmen. Jcrcniiah, iv. 29. 
 
 Bo'wsPRiT n. $. [from the bow of a ship.] 
 This word is generally spelt Loll sprit ; 
 which see. 
 
 To Bo'wssEN. v.a, [probably of the same 
 original with bouse, but found in no 
 other passage.] To drench ; to soak. 
 
 The water fell into a close walled plot; upon 
 this wall was the franliek [lersun set, and frum 
 thence tumbled headlong into the pond ; where a 
 strong fellow tossed him up and clown, until the 
 patient, by foregoing liis strength, had somewhat 
 forgot his fury : but it there appeared small amend- 
 ment, he was bowssened again and again, while 
 tliere remained in him any hope of life, for reco- 
 very. Carew^s Survey of Cornwall. 
 
 Bo'wsTRiNG. n.s. [from boiv and string.] 
 The string by which the bow is kept 
 bent. 
 
 He hath twice or thrice cut Cupid's bou-string, 
 and the little hangman dare iiot ishoot at biiu. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Sound will be conveyed to the ear, by strikius 
 
 upon a, bowstring, if the horn of the bow be held 
 
 to the ear. Bacon. 
 
 Bo'wYER. n.s. [from bow.] 
 
 1. An archer; one that uses the bow. 
 
 Call for vengeance from the boicyer king. Dryd. 
 
 2. One whose trade is to make bows. 
 BOX. n. s. [box, Saxon ; buxus, Lat.] A 
 
 tree. 
 
 The leaves are pennated, and evergreen ; it hath 
 male flowers, that are produced at remote distances 
 from the fruit, on the same tree ; the fruit is 
 shaped like a porridge-pot inverted, and is di- 
 vided into three cells, containing two seeds in 
 each, which, when ripe, are cast forth by the elas- 
 ticity of the vessels. The wood is ver3- useful for 
 engravers, and mathematical instrument makers ; 
 bemg so hard, close, and ponderous, as to sink in 
 water. Milter. 
 
 There are two sorts ; tJie dwarf box, and a taller 
 sort. The dwarf 6yx is good for borders, and is 
 easily kept in order, with oneclipfiing in the year. 
 It win increase of slips set in iMarcli, or about 
 Bartholomew tide ; and will prosper on cold bar- 
 ren hills, where nothing else will grow. Mortimer. 
 Box. 71. s. [box, Sax. buste. Germ,] 
 X. A case made of wood, or other matter, 
 to hold any thing. It is distinguished 
 from chest, as the hssivova the ^reattr. 
 It is supposed to have its name from the 
 box wood. 
 
 A magnet, though put in an ivory boi^ will, 
 through tlie box, send forth his embracing virtue 
 to a beloved needle. Sitincy. 
 
 About his shelves 
 A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shakesp. 
 
 Thelion's head is to open a most wide voracious 
 mouth, which shall take in letters and papers. 
 There will be under it Sibox, of which the key 
 will be kept in my custody, to receive such papers 
 as are dro[>ped into it. * Steele. 
 
 Tliis casket India's glowing gems luilocks. 
 And all Arabia breatlies from yonder hoi. {"ope. 
 
 2. The case of the mariners compass. 
 
 3. The chest into which money given is 
 
 put. 
 
 So many more, so every one was us'd, 
 That to give largelv to the box refusM. Spenser. 
 
 4. The seats in the playhouse^ where the 
 ladies are placed. 
 
 'Tis left to you ; the boxes and the pit 
 Are sovereign judges of this sort of wit. Dryd. 
 
 She glares in bails, front boxes, and the ring ; 
 A vain, unquiet, glittering, wretched thing, rope. 
 
 BOY 
 
 To Box. V. a. [from the noun.] To in- 
 close in a box. 
 
 Hor'd in a chair, the beau impatient tits, 
 WliiJe spouts run clatt 'ring o'er the roof by fit,. 
 
 Surip. 
 
 BOX. n. s. [bock a cheek, Welsh.] A 
 blow on the head given with the hand. 
 
 For the boi o' t!i' car tliat the prince gave vou, 
 lie EHve it like a rude prince. SlmJutp. 
 
 If one shouhl take my hand perforce, and eive 
 another a box on tlic car ^^ith it, the law punifcheth 
 the other. BramhaU. 
 
 There may happen concussions of tlie braiu 
 from a boi on the ear. Wiseman $ Surgerv. 
 
 Olphis, the liijhennan, received a boi on the car 
 from Thcstylis. Addium't Spectator. 
 
 To Box. !•. n. [from the noun.] To fight 
 with the fist. 
 
 The ass very fairly looked on, till they had 
 boied thenijelves a-wearj, and then left them fairly 
 in the lurch. VEstran^e. 
 
 A leopard is like a cat ; he hoie» ^vith his fore- 
 feet, as a cat doth her kitlins. Grew. 
 
 The fighting witli a man's shadow consists in 
 brandishing two stick.s, loadcn with plues of lead ; 
 this gives a man all the pleasure of boimo. with- 
 out IJie blows. Spectator. 
 
 He hath had six duels, and four-and-twcnty 
 baling matches, in defence of his majesty's title. 
 
 Spectato'-. 
 
 To Box. V. a. To strike with the fist. 
 Bo'xEN. n. s. [from box.] 
 1. Made of box. 
 
 The young gentlemen learned, before all othet 
 things, *to design Uj on tablets of fror en wood. Dryd. 
 
 As la'ls and lasses stood around. 
 To hear my boien hautboy sound. Gay. 
 
 •2. Resembling box. 
 
 Her faded cheeks are chang'd to boxen hue. 
 And in her eyes the tears arc ever new. Dryd. 
 
 Ro'xER. n. s. [from bo.T.] A man who 
 
 fights witli his fist. 
 BOY. n.s. [bub, Germ.] The etymology 
 
 is not agreed on. 
 
 1 . A male child ; not a girl. 
 
 The streets of the city shall be full of hoin and 
 girls playing. Zechariah. 
 
 2. One in the state of adolescence ; okler 
 than an infant, yet not arrived at pu- 
 berty or manhood. 
 
 Speak thou, bou ; 
 Perhaps thy cliihlishiicss will move him more 
 Than can our reasons. Shaketp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Sometimes forgotten things, long cast behind. 
 Hush forward in the brain, and come to mind : 
 The nurse's legends are f^'r truths receiv'd. 
 And the man dreams hut what the boy believ'd. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 
 3. A word of contempt for young men, 
 as noting their immaturity. 
 
 Jlen of worth and parts will not easily admit 
 the familiarity of boys, who yet need the care of » 
 tutor. Locke. 
 
 The pale boy senator yet tingling stands. 
 And holds bis breeches close with both his hands. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Boy. r. n. [from the noun.] To treat 
 as a boy. 
 
 .\nthonv 
 Shall be brought drunken forth, and I shall see 
 Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness, 
 I' tir posture of a whore. Shakttp. 
 
 Bo'yhood. n.s. [from boi/.] The state 
 of a boy ; the part of life in which we 
 are boys. This is perhaps an arbitrary 
 word. 
 
 If you should look at him, in his Aoy^oKf. tbixiugh 
 the magnifying end of a perspective, and, in his 
 manhood, through the other, it would be impossi- 
 ble to spy any dillereuce ; the same air, the same 
 strut. Ski^. 
 
 2ia
 
 BRA 
 
 Bo'yish. adj. [from bo}/.] 
 
 1. Belonging to a boy. 
 
 I ran it llirough, e'en from my boyish days, 
 To tir very moiueiU iliat he bade me tell it. Shak. 
 
 2. Childish ; trifling. 
 
 This unliair'd sauciiiess, and boyish troops, 
 Tlie king doth smile at, and is \\ell prepar d 
 To whip tills dwarhsh war, these pigmy arms. 
 
 Skahesp. 
 Young men take up some English poet for their 
 model, and imitate him, without knowing where- 
 in he is defective, where he is boyish and trifling. 
 
 Drydcii. 
 
 Bo'yishly. adv. [from boyish.'] Child- 
 ishly ; triflingly. 
 
 Bo'YlSHNESS. n.s. [from Jo^Ji/j.] Child- 
 ishness ; trifling manner. 
 
 Bo'yism. n.s. [from boy.'] Peurility; 
 childishness. 
 
 He had complained lie was farther ofl^, by being 
 so near, and a thotisand such iipyisms, w hich Chau- 
 cer rejected as below the subject. Vryden. 
 
 Bp. An abbreviation of bishop. 
 
 BRABBLE, n. s [brabbelcn, Dutch.] A 
 
 clamorous contest; a squabble ; a broil. 
 
 Here in t lie streets, desperate in shauie and state. 
 
 In private brabble did we apprehend him. Shakcsp. 
 
 To Bra'bble. I'. 11. [from the noun.] 'Jo 
 clamour ; to contest noisily. 
 
 Bra'bbler. ». s. [from brabble.'] A cla- 
 morous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow. 
 
 To BR.-VCE. V. a. [cmbrasstr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To bind ; to tie close with bandages. 
 The women of China, by bracinz and binding 
 
 them from tlieir infancy, have very little leet. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To intend ; to make tense ; to strain up. 
 The tymnanum is not capable of tension that 
 
 way, in such a manner as a drum is braced. Holder. 
 
 The diminution of the force of the ]}ressure of 
 
 the e.\ternal air, in bruciii^ the iibres, must create 
 
 a debility in muscular motion. Arbuthiiot ott Air. 
 
 Brace, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Cincture ; bandage. 
 
 2. That which holds any thing tight. 
 The little bones of the ear-drum do in straining 
 
 and rela.xing it, as the braces of the war-drum do 
 in that. Derham. 
 
 3. Brace, [in architecture] is a piece of 
 timber framed in with bevil joints, used 
 to keep the building from swerving 
 either way. Builder's Diet. 
 
 4. Braces, [a sea term.] Ropes belonging 
 to all the yards, except the niizen. They 
 have a pendant to the )'ard-arm, two 
 braces to each yard ; and, at the end of 
 the pendant, a block is seized, through 
 which the rope called the brace is reeved. 
 The braces serve to square and traverse 
 the yards. Sea Diet. 
 
 5. Braces of a Coach. Thick straps of 
 leather on which it hangs. 
 
 6. Harness. 
 
 7. Brace. [In printing.] A crooked line 
 inclosing a passage, which ought to be 
 taken togetlier, and not separately ; as 
 in a triplet. 
 
 Charge Venus to command her son, 
 "Wherever else she lets him rove. 
 To shun my house, and held, and grove 
 Peace cannot dwell with hate or love. 
 
 8. Warlike preparation ; from bracing the 
 armour ; as we say, girded for the battle. 
 
 As it more concerns the Turk than Uliodes, 
 So may be with more facile question bear it ; 
 For that it stands not ui such warlike brace. 
 
 iPri 
 
 BRA 
 
 But altogether lacks th' abilities 
 
 That Rhodes is dressVi in. Shahesp. 
 
 9. Tension; tightness. 
 
 The most frequent cause of deafness is the lax- 
 iiess of the tjinpanuni, when it lias lost its brace 
 or tension. Holder. 
 
 Brace, n. s, [of uncertain etymology, pro- 
 bably derived from tivo braced together.] 
 
 1. A pair ; a couple. It is not braces, but 
 brace, in the pluraL 
 
 Down from a hill the beasts that reign in woods. 
 First hunter then, pursued a gentle brace, 
 Goodliestof all the torcst, hart and hind. Par. Lost. 
 
 Ten brace and more of greyhounds, snowy fair, 
 And tall as stags, ran louse, and conrs'd around 
 his chair. Drydens Fables. 
 
 2. It is used generally in conversation as 
 a sportsman's word. 
 
 He is said, this summer, to have shot with his 
 own hands fifty brace of pheasants, Addison. 
 
 3. It is applied to men in contempt. 
 
 But you, my trace of lords, were I so minded, 
 I here could pluck his highness' frown upon you. 
 
 Shakes}). 
 Bra'celet. n.s. [bracelet, French.] 
 
 1. An ornament for the arms. 
 
 Both Ills hands were cut off, being known to 
 have worn bractlets of gold about his wrists. 
 
 Sir J. liayivard. 
 
 Tic about our tawny wrists 
 Bracelets of the fairy twists. Ben Joiismi. 
 
 A very ingenious lady used to wear, in rings 
 and bracelets, store of those gems. Boyle. 
 
 2. A piece ofdefensive armour for the arm. 
 Bra'ckr. n, s. [from brace.] 
 
 1. A cincture ; a bandage. 
 When they affect the belly, they may be re- 
 strained by a bracer, wiihuut much trouble. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 2. A medicine of constringent power. 
 Brach. w. s. [braqucy Fr.] A bitch hound. 
 
 Truth 's a dog must to keinifl ; he must be 
 whipped out, when the la{ly brach may stand by 
 the fire, and stink. Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'chial. adj. [from hrachium an arm, 
 Lat,] Belonging to the arm. 
 
 Brachy'graphy. n, s. [/3^«x^? short, 
 and y^a(pw to write.] Th^ art or prac- 
 tice of writing in a short compass. 
 
 All tlie certainty of iliose liigh pretenders, 
 bating vvhat thcv have of the first principles, and 
 tlie word of Goci, may be circumscribed by as 
 small a circle as the creed, when brachygraphij had 
 confined it within the compass of a penny. Olanv. 
 
 Brack, n.s. [from &rcff^.] A breach; a 
 broken part. 
 
 The place was but weak, and the bracks fai 
 but the defendants, by resolution, supplied all the 
 defects. Hai^ward. 
 
 Let tliem compare my work with what is taught 
 in the schools, and if they find in theirs many 
 /)rac/c5 and sliort ends, wlncli cannot be spun into 
 an even piece ; and, in luine, a fair coherence 
 throughout ; I shall promise myself an acquies- 
 cence. Vif^by. 
 Bra'cket. 71. s. [a term of carpentry.] 
 A piece of wood fixed for the support 
 of something. 
 
 Let your shelves be laid upon bi-ackci.'i, being 
 about two feet wide, and edged with a small lath. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 BRA'CKISH. adj. [brack, Dutch.] Salt; 
 somewhat salt : it is used particularly of 
 the water of the sea. 
 
 Pits u|K)n the sea shore turn into fresh water, 
 by piTcolation of the salt through the sand : but 
 ilia farther noted, after a time, the water in such 
 jjils will become brackish aeaiu. Bacon. 
 
 When I had galn'd the brow and top, 
 A lake of brackish waters on the ground 
 Was all I found. Herbert. 
 
 BRA 
 
 The wise contriver, on his end intent, 
 Blix'd them with salt, and season'd all the sea. 
 What other cause could this cfTect produce ? 
 The brackish tincture through the main ditfuse ? 
 
 Blackmore 
 
 Bra'ckishness. n.s. [from brackish.] 
 Saltness in a small degree. 
 
 All the artificial strainings hitherto leave a 
 brackishncss in salt water, that makes it unfit for 
 animal uses._ Cheyne 
 
 BRAD, being an initial, signifies broad, 
 .spacious, from the Saxon bpab, and the 
 Gothick braid. Gibson. 
 
 Brad. n. s. A sort of nail to floor rooms 
 with. They are about the size of a ten- 
 penny nail, but have not their heads 
 made with a shoulder over their shank, 
 as other nails, but are made pretty thick 
 towards the upper end, that the very 
 top may be driven into, and buried in, 
 the board they nail down; so that the 
 tops of these brads will not catch the 
 thrums of the mops, when the floor is 
 washing. IMoxon. 
 
 To BRAG. V. n. [braggcren, Dutch.] 
 1. To boast : to display ostentatiously; to 
 tell boastful stories. 
 
 Thou coward ! art thou bragging to the stars ? 
 lelling the bushes that thou look st for wars. 
 And wilt not come ? Shaksp. 
 
 IMark me, with what violence she first loved the 
 Moor, but for bragging, and telling her fantastical 
 lies, Shakesp. 
 
 In bragging out some of their private tenets, as 
 if they were the established doctrhie of the church 
 of England. Sanderson. 
 
 The rebels were grown so strong there, that they 
 intended tlien, as they already bragged, to come 
 over and make this the seat of war. Clarendon. 
 
 Mrs. Bull's condition was looked upon as despe- 
 rate by all the men of art ; but there were those 
 that bragged they liad an infallible ointment, .irb. 
 1. It has o/'betore the thing boasted. 
 
 Knowledge being the only thing whereof we 
 poor old men can brag, we cannot make it known 
 but by utterance. Sidney, 
 
 Verona fcra£S of him. 
 To be a virtuous and wcTl-govcrn'd youth. Shak. 
 
 Every busy little scribbler now 
 Swells with the praises which he gives himself. 
 And taking sanctuary in the crowd. 
 Brags 0^ his impudence, and scorns to mend. Rose, 
 3. On is used, but improperly. 
 
 Yet lo ! in me what authors have to brag on, 
 Reduc'd at last to hiss in my own dragon. Pope, 
 
 Brag. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. A boast ; a proud expression. 
 
 A kind of conquest 
 Caesar made here ; but made not here his brag 
 Of came, and saw, and overcame. Shakesp. 
 
 It was such a new thing for the Spaniards to re- 
 ceive so little hurt, upon dealing with the English, 
 as Avellaneda matiegreat 6rrto-sof it, for no greater 
 matter than the wailing upon the English atar oif. 
 
 Bacon, 
 2. The thing boasted. 
 
 Beauty is nature's brag, and must be sliewu 
 In courts, at feasts, and high solemnities. 
 Where most may wonder. Milton. 
 
 Braggado'cio. n.s. [from brag.] A 
 pufl^ng. swelling, boasting fellow. 
 
 The world abounds in terrible fanfaruns, in the 
 masque of men of honour ; but these bra^gadoci*}s 
 are easy to be detected. L'Estrange. 
 
 By the plot, you may guess much of the clia- 
 racters of tiie persons; "a braggadocio captain, a 
 parasite, and a lady of pleasure. Dryden. 
 
 Bua'ggardism. n.s. [from brag.] Boast- 
 fulness ; vain ostentation. 
 
 Braggart, adj. [from brag.] Boastful; 
 vainly ostentatious, 
 
 21G
 
 BRA 
 
 Shall I, none's slave, of liisli born or rais'd nu-n 
 
 Fear frowns; and my mistress, Irulh, bctrav ibee 
 
 To th' hurting, hrag^arl, \mh nobilily ' iJotme. 
 
 Bra'gGART. w. X. [IVoin lirti^.] A boaster. 
 
 Will) knows biiiisclf a hniggnrt, 
 Let him fear this ; for it will come to pass, 
 That every hnigimrt shall be foiiml an ass. Shak. 
 
 Bra'guk'r. n. i. [ffoni Arag-.] A boas- 
 ter ; an ostentatioii.s fellow. 
 
 Such as iiave had op|)urtunily to sound these 
 braggas llioriMnhly, by bavine soniclimcs en- 
 dured the penance of their sottisli company, have 
 found them, in converse, empty and insipid. 
 
 Si 'lit '1- 
 
 Bra'oless. ffr//. [fVoin 6)Y/^.] Without a 
 boast ; without ostentation. 
 
 The bruit is, Iteetor's slain, and by Achilles.— 
 — If it is so, hragkss let it be. 
 Great Ileclor was as good a man as he. S/iiite;i. 
 
 Bra'(;ly. nf/i>. [fVom brag.] Finely ; so 
 as it may be biagged. 
 
 Seest not thilk hawlhorn stud. 
 How (mio/u it begins to bud. 
 And uHer liis teii'.ier head? 
 Flora now eallelli forth each flower. 
 .\nd bids bini make readv Maia's bow'r. ShakcS]i. 
 
 7b BRAID. I'.fl. [bjisedan, Saxon.] To 
 
 weave together. 
 
 Close the serpent sly, 
 Iiisinuatiiijz, wove with t;ordian twine 
 His hniuhil train, and of bis fatal guile 
 Gave proof inilireiled. Milton. 
 
 Osier waiulb, lying loosely, may each of tlieni 
 be easily dissociated from "the rest; but, when 
 braided i'nio a basket, they cohere strongly. Boyle. 
 
 A ribband did the lirai'ded tresses bind, 
 The rest was loose, and wanton'd in the wind. 
 
 Drydev. 
 
 Since in braided gold her foot is bound. 
 And a long trailing niantean sweeps the ground, 
 Her shoe disdains the street. Gay. 
 
 Braid, n. s. [from the verb.] A texture ; 
 a knot, or complication of something 
 woven together. 
 
 Lislcn where thou art sitting, 
 Under the glossy, rnol, translucent wave, 
 Intwisted fcnnV/s' of lilies knitting 
 The loose train of thy aiuLer-dropping hair. 
 
 Millon. 
 
 No longer shall thy comely tresses break 
 In flowing ringlels on tby sliowy neck. 
 Or sit behind thy bead, I'.n ample round. 
 In graceful lintiih, with various ribbon bound. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Braid adj. [To hnde, in Chaucer, is to 
 deceive.] An old word, which seems to 
 signify dicetlful. 
 
 Since Frenchmen are so hraid, 
 Marry 'em tliat will. I'll live and die a maid. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Br.\ils. n. s. [sea term.] Small ropes, 
 reeved through blocks, which are seized 
 on either side tlie ties, a little off upon 
 the yard ; so that they come down be- 
 fore the sails of a ship, and are fastened 
 at the skirt of the sail to the creugles. 
 Their use is, when the sail is furled 
 across, to liail up its bunt, that it may 
 the more readily be taken up or let fall. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 BR.\IN. n. s. [bpa^jen. Sax. brcyne, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. That collection of vessels and organs 
 in the head, from which sense and mo- 
 tion arise. 
 
 The brain is divided into cerebrum and cerebel- 
 lum. Cerebrum is that part of the brain which pos- 
 sesses all the upper and forepart of the cranium, 
 being separated trom the ccrcle(i«ni by the second 
 process of the diirii mater, under which the cerc- 
 bellum is situated. The substance of the train is 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 BRA 
 
 flistingtiislied into outer and inner; the former is 
 Ciillcfl cin'ticut'iH, citivrea, or gland ulvsa ; th ■ liitter, 
 vuiliillurh, alba, or ncrvea. Chfwldeii. 
 
 If I he served sucli aiiuther trick, I'll have my 
 brains taV-u out, and biiUtTcd, and give them to a 
 dog for a new year's {^ift. 
 
 Shukesp. Mernf Wives of Windsor, 
 
 That man pioi)ortioiKdjly halii the larj^est brain, 
 T did, I confess, somewhat douhl, and conceived 
 it inii^ht have failed in birds, especially such as 
 iiaviug Mttle bodies, have yet large cranies, and 
 seem to contain much bruin, as snipes, and wood- 
 cocks; but, upon trial, 1 find it very true. 
 
 Broun s Vnl^. T.rr. 
 
 2. That part in which the understandin/r 
 is placed ; therefore taken for tlie un- 
 derstanding. 
 
 'i'he force they are under is a real force, and 
 tliat of their fate but an imaj^inary conceived one ; 
 the one, but in their brains, the other on their 
 shoulder?. Hammond. 
 
 A man U first a geometrician in his brain, be- 
 fore he be such in Ids hand. Ifalc. 
 
 3. Sonielinies the affections: this is not 
 common nor proper. 
 
 My son Edgar! liad he a hand to write tliis, a 
 
 heart and brain to breed it in ? Shakesp. 
 
 To Bkain. v. a. [from the noun.] "^fo 
 
 dash out the brains ; to kill by beating 
 
 out the brains. 
 
 Why, as I told thee, 'tis a custom witli him i' 
 111' afternoon to sleep ; lliere thou may'st bruin 
 him. Shakespeare. 
 
 Outlaws of nature. 
 Fit to be shot and brain d, without a process, 
 To stop infection ; that's their jirojier death. 
 
 Dnjdcn. 
 Next seiz'd two wretches more, and headlong 
 cast, 
 Braind on the rock. Ins second dire repast. Pnpc. 
 Bra'inish. «6(/. [t\om brain.] Hothead- 
 ed ; furious; as cenbrosus in Latin ] 
 
 In his lawless fit. 
 Behind tlic arras hearing something stir, 
 He whips his rapier out, and cries, a rat ! 
 And, in his brainhh apprehension, kills 
 The unseen good uld man. Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'inlrss. adj. [from brain,] Silly; 
 thoun^htless ; witless. 
 
 Some ^'(vjoi/css men iia\e, by great (ravel and 
 labour, brought to pass, tliatthe church is now 
 ashamed of nothing more than of saints. }lookcr. 
 
 If tlie dull brainleas Ajax come safe oil", 
 ^\ e'll dress him up in voices. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie brainless stripling, who, expcll'd the town, 
 Danni'd the still' cullcL^e. and pedautick gown, 
 Aw'd by thy name, is dumb. Tickcll. 
 
 Bra'inpan. 71. s. [horn brain and pan.] 
 The skull containini*; the brains. 
 
 Witli tiiose Inige bellows in his hands, he blows 
 New fire into my head ; my brainpan glows. 
 
 Drudtn. 
 
 Bra'insick. adj. [from hrain and sick.] 
 Diseased in the understanding : addle- 
 headed ; giddy ; thoughtless. 
 
 Nor once deject the courage of our minds, 
 Because ('assandra's mad ; her brainsick rajitures 
 Cannot distaste the goodness of a quarrel. Shak. 
 
 They were brainsick men, wlio could neither en- 
 dure the government of their king, nor yet thank- 
 fully receive the authors of their deliverance. 
 
 KnolU's. 
 
 Bra'insickly. adv. [from hi-ainsick\] 
 Weakly ; headily. 
 
 AVhv, worthy Thane, 
 You do unbend your noble strength to think 
 So brainsicklij of things. Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'insickness. 71. s. [{rom bi^ainsick.] 
 
 Indiscretion ; giddiness, 
 Brait. n.s. Among jeweUers for a rough 
 
 diamond. Diet. 
 
 Brake. The preterite of break* 
 
 BRA 
 
 He thought it sufficient to correct the multitude 
 with sharp words, and brake out into Uiis chole- 
 rick speech. KncUet. 
 
 BKAKK. n. ». [of uncertain etj-mology.] 
 
 1. A thicket of brambles, or of thorns. 
 
 A dog of this town used daily to fetch meat, 
 and to carry the same unto a blind mastiff, that 
 lay in Hbrafir vviilunit the town. Carnc. 
 
 If I'm traduc'd by tonprs, which neither know 
 My faculties nor person ; let nie say, 
 'Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake 
 That virtue must go through. Stuikfip. 
 
 In every bush and brake, where hap may find 
 Tlie serpent sleeping. Milton. 
 
 Full little thought of him the gentle knight, 
 Who, flying death, had there conceal d his flight , 
 In brakes and brambles hid, and shunning mortal 
 sight ; Dryden'i Fablet. 
 
 2. It is said originally to mean /cm. 
 Br.VKE. n. s. 
 
 1. An instrument for dressing hemp or 
 flax. 
 
 2. The handle of a ship's pump. 
 
 3. A baker's kneading trough. 
 
 4. A sharj) bit or snaffle for horses. Diet. 
 A smith's brake is a machine in which 
 
 horses, unwilling to be shod, are con- 
 fined during that operation. 
 Bra'ky. adj. [from brake.] Thorny ; 
 prickly ; rough. 
 
 Redeem arts from tbeir rough and brahf seals, 
 where they lie hid and overgrown with Uioms, lo 
 a pure open li^ht, where they may take the eye. 
 and may be taken by the hand. Ben Jmirm. 
 
 BR.4MI5LE. n. s.' [bpemlaj-, Sax. rubus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The blackberry bush; the raspberrj- 
 bush, or hindberry. Miller, 
 
 Content with food which nature freely bred. 
 On wildings and on strawberries they fed: 
 Cornels and bramble berries gave the" rest. 
 And falling acorns furnish'd out a feast. Dryden. 
 
 2. It is taken, in popular language, for 
 any rough prickly shrub. 
 
 The bush my bed, the bramble was ray bow'r, 
 The woods can witness many a woful store. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 There is a man haunts the forest, tliat abuses 
 our young plants with carving Rosalind on their 
 bark's; hangs odes upon hawthorns, and elegie* 
 on brambles; all, forsooth, deifying the name of 
 Rosalind. " Sliake^. 
 
 Tb V yonnplines. Cuddy, are btit just aw ake. 
 
 No tl'in'istles shrill the bramble bush forsake. Gay. 
 
 Bra'mbling. n.s. A bird, called also a 
 
 mountain chaffinch. Diet. 
 
 BRAN. 71. s. [ftrcnniT, Ital.] Tlie husks 
 
 of corn ground ; the refuse of the sieve. 
 
 From me do back receive the flow'r of all. 
 And leave nie hut the bran. Shakesp. 
 
 The citizeits were driven to great distress for 
 want of victuals ; bread they made of tlie coarsest 
 fcraii, moulded in cloths ; for otherwise it would 
 not cleave ti'-jether. Hayieani. 
 
 In the silting of fourteen vears of power and 
 favour, all that came out could iu>l be pure nieai, 
 but must have among it a certain mixture of pa<<ar 
 and bran, in this lower age of human fragility. 
 
 Wotttm. 
 
 Then water him, and drinking what he can. 
 Encourage him to thirst again with bran. Dryd. 
 
 BR.\NCH. n. s. [branchc, French.] 
 
 1. The shoot of a tree from one of the 
 main boughs. 
 
 Why crow the branches, vhcw the root is gone? 
 Why wither not the leaves that want their sap ? 
 
 SLikcsp. 
 
 2. Any member or part of the whole ; any 
 distinct article ; any section or subdi- 
 vision. 
 
 Ff 
 
 21:
 
 r< 
 
 BRA 
 
 \onr oaths are past, and now subscribe your 
 naiucS; 
 That bis own haird may strike his lioliour down, 
 Thnt violates the smaltest ftrniic'i licrein, Shak. 
 
 The belief of Ibis was of s|)cci.il importance, to 
 confirm our hopes of another life, on wliicli so ma- 
 in- branches of cbristlan piety do immediately de- 
 
 ,j(|_ Hammond. 
 
 [n the several branches of justice and charity, 
 comprehended in those general rules, of loving 
 our neighbour as ourselves, and of doing to others 
 as we would have tliem do to us, there is nothing 
 but "hat is most fit and reasonable. Tillotsim. 
 
 This precept will oblige us to perform our duty, 
 according to the nature of the various branches of 
 it. Rogers. 
 
 3. Any part that shoots out from the rest. 
 And six branches shall come out of the sides of 
 
 it ; three branches of the candlestick out of the 
 one side, and tliree branches ot the candlestick out 
 of the other side. Eiodus. 
 
 His blood, which disperseth itself by tlie 
 branches of veins, may be resembled to waters car- 
 ried by brooks. Raleigh. 
 
 4. A small river running into, or proceed- 
 ing from, a larger. 
 
 If, from a main river, any branch he separated 
 and divided, then, where that branch doth first 
 bound itself with new banks, lliere is that part of 
 the river, where the branch forsakctb the main 
 stream, called the head of the river. _ Ralegh. 
 
 5. Any part of a family descending in a 
 collateral line. 
 
 His father, a younger branch of the ancient 
 stock planted in Somersetshire, took to wife the 
 widow. Carew. 
 
 6. The offspring ; the descendant. 
 Great Anthony ! Spain's well beseeming pride 
 
 That mighty branch of emperours and kings ! 
 
 Crasttaiv 
 
 7. The antlers, or shoots of a stag's horn. 
 
 8. Tlie hranchts of a bridle are two pieces 
 of bended iron, that bear the bit-mouth, 
 the chains, and the curb, in the interval 
 between the one and the other. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 9. [In architecture.] The arches of Go- 
 thick vaults ; which arches transversing 
 from one angle to another, diagonal 
 wise, form a cross between the other 
 arches, which make the sides of the 
 square, of which the arches are diago- 
 nals. Harris. 
 
 To Branch, v.n. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To spread in branches. 
 
 They were trained together in their childhoods, 
 and there rooted betwixt them such an art'ection, 
 which cannot choose but branch now. .Shakesp. 
 
 The cause of scattering the boughs, is the hasty 
 breaking .forth of the sap ; and therefore those 
 trees rise not in a body of any height, but branch 
 near the ground. The cause of the pyramis, is the 
 keeping in of the sap, long before it branch, and 
 the spenciing of it when it Dcginneth to branch, by 
 equal degrees. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Plant it round with shade 
 Of laurel, evergreen, and branching plain. Milton. 
 
 Straight as a line in beauteous order stood 
 Of oaks unshorn a venerable wood ; 
 Fresh was the grass beneath, and ev'ry tree 
 ,Vt distance planted, in a due degree, 
 Their branching arms in air, with equal space, 
 Stretcb'd to their neighbours with a long embrace. 
 
 Driiden. 
 One sees her thighs transform'd, another views 
 Her arms shot out, and braiiching into boughs. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 . To spread into separate and distinct 
 parts and subdivisions. 
 
 The Alps at the one end, and the long range of 
 Appcnines that passes through the body of it 
 branch out, on all sides, into several dili'erent di' 
 visions. Addison. 
 
 BRA 
 
 If we would weigh, and keeji in our minds, 
 what it is we are considering, that would best in- 
 struct us when we should, or should not, branch 
 into fartlier distinctions. Locke. 
 
 3. To speak diffusively, or with the dis- 
 tinction of the parts of a discourse. 
 
 1 have known a woman branch out into a long 
 dissertation upon the edging of a petticoat. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 4. To have horns shooting out into ant- 
 lers. 
 
 The swift stag from under ground 
 Bore up his branching head. Milton. 
 
 To Ukanch. I', a. 
 
 1 . To divide as into branches. 
 The spirits of things animate are all continued 
 
 within themselves, and are branched into canals, 
 as blood is ; and the spirits have not only 
 brandies, but certain cells or seats, where the 
 principal spirits do reside. Bacon. 
 
 2. To adorn with needlework, represent- 
 ing flowers and sprigs. 
 
 In robe of lily white she was array'd. 
 That from her slioulder to her heel down raugbt. 
 The train whereof loose far behind her stray d. 
 Branched with gold and pearl,most richly wrought. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Bra'ncher. n. s. [from branch.] 
 
 1. One that shoots out into branches. 
 If their child be not such a speedy spreader and 
 
 hrancher, like the vine, yet he may yield, with a 
 little longer expectation, as useful and more sober 
 fruit than the other. IVotton. 
 
 2. [brnnchier, Fr.] In Falconry, a young 
 
 hawk. 
 
 I enlarge my discourse to tlie observation of the 
 eires, the branchcr, and the two sorts of lentners. 
 
 Walton. 
 
 Bra'nchines.s. n. s. [from branchy.'] 
 
 Fulness of branches. 
 Bra'nchle.ss. adj. [from branch.] 
 1. Without shoots or boughs. 
 ■2. Without any valuable product ; naked. 
 
 If I iose mine honour, 
 I lose myself; better I were not your's. 
 Than 3'ours so branchless. Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'nchy. adj. [from branch.] Full of 
 branches; spreading. 
 
 Trees on trees o'erthrown 
 Fall crackling round him, and the forests groan ; 
 Sudden full twenty on the plain are strow d. 
 And lopji'd and lighten'd of their branchy load. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 What carriage can bear away all the various, 
 
 rude, and unwieldy loppings of a fcranc/fy tree at 
 
 once ? Watts. 
 
 BRAND, n. s. [bpanb, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A stick lighted, or fit to be lighted, in 
 the fire. 
 
 Have I caught thee .' 
 He that parts us shall bring a brand from beav'n. 
 And tire us hence. Shakesp. 
 
 Take it, she said, and when your needs require. 
 This ilU]e brand will serve to light your fire. IJri/rf. 
 
 If, with double diligence, they labour to retrieve 
 the hours they have lost, they shall be saved ; 
 though this is a service of great ditficulty, and 
 like a brand plucked out of the fire. ^iogers. 
 
 2. [brando, Ital. brandar, Runick.] A 
 sword in old language. 
 
 They looking back, all th' eastern side beheld 
 Of Paradise, so late their happy seat ! 
 Wav'd over by that flaming brand ; the gate 
 With dreadful faces throng d, and fiery arms. Mii. 
 
 3. A thunderbolt. 
 The sire omnipotent prepares the brand, 
 
 By Vulcan wrought, and arras his potent hand. 
 
 Gram^ille. 
 
 4. A mark made by burning a criminal 
 ■with a hot iron, to note hira as infa- 
 mous; a stigma. 
 
 BRA 
 
 Clerks convict should be burned in the hand, 
 both because they niieht taste of some corporal 
 punishment, and that they might carry a brand of 
 nifdHiy. ^ Bacon. 
 
 The rules of good and evil are inverted, and n 
 brujul of infamy passes for a badge of honour. 
 
 VEstrangc. 
 5. Any note of infamy. 
 
 Where <Ud his wit on learning fix a brand. 
 And rail at arts he did not understand ? Dryden. 
 
 To Brand. v,a. [branden, Dutch.] To 
 mark with a brand, or note of infamy. 
 
 Have I liv'd thus long a wife, a true one. 
 Never y^t branded with suspicion ? Shakesp. 
 
 The 'king was after branded, by Perkin's pro- 
 clamation, tor an execrable breaker of the riglit» 
 of holy church. Bacon. 
 
 Bratid not their actions with so foul a name ; 
 Pity, at least, what we are forc'd to blame. Dryd, 
 
 Hh ! dare not for thy life, I charge thee, dare not 
 To brand the spotless virtue of my prince. Rowe. 
 
 Our Punick faith 
 Is infamous, and branded to a proverb. Addison. 
 
 The spreader of the pardons answered him an 
 easier way, by brandingmm with heresy .Atterbmy. 
 
 Bra'ndgoose. U.S. A kind of wild fowl, 
 less than a common goose, having it3 
 breast and wings of a dark colour. 
 
 Bid, 
 
 To Bra'ndish. i\ fl. [from brand, a 
 sword.] 
 
 1. To wave, or shake, or flourish, as a 
 
 weapon. 
 
 Brave Macbeth, 
 Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel. 
 Like valour's minion, carved out his passage. 5/mfc. 
 
 He said, and brandishing ^towce his blade. 
 With eager pace pursued the flaming shade. Dryd. 
 
 Let me march their leader, not their prince ^ 
 And at the head of your renown'd Cydonians 
 Brandish this swurd. SmiOi. 
 
 2. To play with; to flourish. 
 
 He, who shall employ all the force of his reason 
 only in brandishing of syllogisms, will discover 
 very little. Locke. 
 
 Brandling. n,s. The name for a par- 
 ticular worm. 
 
 The dew-worm, -which some also call the lob- 
 wiirin, and the brandling, are the chief. Walton. 
 
 Brandy, n, s, [contracted from 6r«?irfe- 
 ivhie., or hitrnt-wine.] A strong liquor 
 distilled from wine. 
 
 If your master lodgeth at inns, every dram of 
 braTidy extraordinary that you drink, raiseth his 
 character. Swift's Footman. 
 
 Bra'ndy-wtne. The same -with brandy. 
 
 It has been a common saying, A hair of the same 
 dog ; and thought that brandy-wine is a common 
 relief to such. Wiseman. 
 
 BRA'NGLE. n, s, [uncertainly derived.] 
 Squabble; wrangle; litigious contest. 
 
 The payment of tithes is subject to many 
 frauds, bra7igles, and other difficulties, not only 
 from papists and dissenters, but even from those 
 who profess themselves protestants. StviJ't, 
 
 To Bra'ngle. V, n. [from the noun.] 
 
 To wrangle ; to squabble. 
 
 When polite conversing shall be improved.com- 
 pany will be no longer pestered with dull story- 
 tellers, nor brangling disputers. SwUl, 
 
 Bra'nglement. U.S. [frora bran gle.] 
 
 The same with brangle, 
 Brank. 7«. s. Buckwheat, or brank, is a 
 
 grain very useful and advantageous in 
 
 dry barren lands. Mortimer, 
 
 Bra'nny. adj. [from bran^ Having 
 
 the appearance of bran. 
 It became serpiginous, and was, when I saw it, 
 
 covered with white branny scales. Wixman. 
 
 218
 
 BRA 
 
 Bra SEN. adj. [from brass.'\ Made of 
 brass. It is now less properly written, 
 according to the pronunciation brazen. 
 
 Brasier. 11. s- [from brass.] 
 
 1 . A manufacturer that works in brass. 
 There is a fellow sornewliat near the door, he 
 
 should be a hrasier by his face. Shakesp. 
 
 Brasiers that turn andirons, pots, kettles, &c. 
 
 have tlicir lathe made diflerent from the common 
 
 turner's lathe. Miiim. 
 
 2. A pan to hold coals, [probably from 
 embraser, Fr.] 
 
 It is tliought they had no cliiraneys, but were 
 warmed with coals on brasirrs. Arbttthnot. 
 
 Bra.si'l. 1 v.s. An American wood, com- 
 Brazi'l. 5 monly supposed to have been 
 thus denorpinated, because first brouglit 
 from Brasil : thougli Huet sliews it had 
 been known by that name many years 
 before the discovery of that country ; 
 and the best sort comes from Fernam- 
 buc. It is used by turners, and lakes a 
 polish ; but chiefly in dying, though it 
 gives but a spurious red. Cluimbers. 
 BRASS, n.s. [bpaj-, Sax. p-M. Welsh.] 
 
 1. A yellow metal made by mixing cop- 
 per with lapis calaminaris. It is used, 
 in popular language, for any kind of 
 metal in which copper has a part. 
 
 Brass is made of copper and calaminaris. -Bacim. 
 
 Men's evil manners five in brasSt their virtues 
 Men write in water. Shakesp. 
 
 Let others mold the running mass 
 Of metals, and inform the breathing brass. Dryd. 
 
 2. Impudence. 
 Bra'ssiness. Ji. s. [from ftraisy.] An 
 
 appearance like brass ; some quality of 
 brass. 
 Br.\'ssy. adj. [from brass.] 
 
 1. Partaking of brass. 
 The part in which they lie, is near black, with 
 
 some sparks of a brassy pyrites in it. Woodward. 
 
 2. Hard as brass. 
 
 Losses, 
 Enough to press a royal merchant down, ■ 
 And pluck commiseration of his state 
 From brassy bosoms, and rough hearts of flint. 
 
 ShaJies}). 
 
 S. Impudent. 
 
 Bra ST. partiiip. adj. [from burst.] 
 Burst ; broken. Obsolete. 
 
 There creature never past, 
 That back returned without heavenly i^race. 
 But dreadful furies which their chains have hrast^ 
 And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men 
 agast. _ Spenser. 
 
 Brat. n. s. [its etymology is uncertain ; 
 bpatr, in Saxon, signifies a blanket; 
 from which, perhaps, the modern signi- 
 fication may have come.] 
 1. A child, so called in contempt. 
 He leads them like a thing 
 Made by some other deity than nature, 
 Tliat shapes man belter ; and thev follow him. 
 Against us brals, with no less confidence. 
 Than boys pursuing summer butterflies. Shakes]>. 
 
 This fcrat is none of mine : 
 Hence with it, and, togetlier with the dam, 
 Commit them to the fire. Shakesp. 
 
 The friends, that got the brats, were poison d 
 too ; 
 In this sad case what could our vermm do ? 
 ^ . Roscommon. 
 
 Jupiter summoned all the birds and beasts be- 
 fore him, with their brats and little ones, to see 
 ■which of them had the prettiest children. 
 
 L'Estran^e. 
 
 BRA 
 
 1 shall live to sec the invisible lady, to whom I 
 was obliged, and whom I never beheld since she 
 was a brat in hanging sleeves. SwiJ't. 
 
 I give command to kill or save, 
 Can f^rant ten thousand pounds a year, 
 And make a beggar's hrat a peer. Swifi. 
 
 2. The progeny; the offspring. 
 
 The two late conspiracies were the brats and 
 offspring of two contrary factions. South. 
 
 Brava'do. n. s. [from bravado, Span.] 
 A boast ; a brag. 
 
 Spain, to make good tlie bravado. 
 Names it the invincible Annado. 
 
 BRAVE 
 
 Animymoua. 
 adj. [brave, Fn] 
 
 1 . Courageous ; daring ; bold ; generous ; 
 high-spirited. 
 
 An Egyptian soothsaver made Antonius be- 
 lieve, that his genius, winch otherways was braie 
 and confident, was, in the presence of Octavius 
 Caisar, poor and cowardly. Bacon. 
 
 From armed foes to bring a royal prize, 
 Shows your brave heart victorious as your eyes. 
 
 l\'alier. 
 
 2. Gallant; having a noble mien ; lofty; 
 graceful. 
 
 I'll prove the prettier fellow of the two, 
 And wear my dagger with a braver gra.CG. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Magnificent; grand. 
 Rings put upon his fingers, 
 
 And brave attendants near him, when he wakes ; 
 Would not the beggar then forget himself .•* Shak- 
 
 But whosoe'er it was, nature design'd 
 First a brave place, and then as brave a mind. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 4. Excellent; noble; it is an indetermi- 
 nate word, used to express the supera- 
 bundance of any valuable quality in men 
 or things. 
 
 Let not old age disgrace my high desire, 
 O heavenly soul in human shape contain'd ! 
 Old wood inflani'd doth yield th ■ bravest fire. 
 When younger doth in smoke his virtue spend. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 If there be iron ore, and mills, iron is a brave 
 commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon. 
 
 If a statesman has not this science, he must be 
 subject to a braver man than himself, whose pro- 
 vince is to direct all his actions to this end. Digby. 
 
 Brave, w. s. [brave, Fr.] 
 
 1. A hector : a man daring beyond de- 
 cency or discretion. 
 
 Hot braves, like thee, may fight, but know not 
 well 
 To manage tliis, the last great stake. Dryden. 
 
 Morat's too insolent, too much a brave, 
 His courage to his envy is a slave. Vryden. 
 
 2. A boast; a challenge; a defiance. 
 
 There end thy brave, and turn thy face in peace ; 
 We grant thou caui-t outsculd us. Shakesp. 
 
 To Brave, v. a. [fi*om the noun.] 
 
 1 . To defy ; to challenge ; to set at de- 
 fiance. 
 ' He upbraids lago, that he made him 
 
 Brave me upon the watch. Shahesp. 
 
 My nobic-s leave me, and mv state is brav'd, 
 Ev'n at juy gates witii ranks of foreign powers. 
 
 ShakesD. 
 
 The ills of luve, not those of fate, I fear ; 
 Tliese I can bra}e, but those I cannot bear. Dryd. 
 
 Like a rock uninov'd, a rock that braves 
 l"he raging tempest, and the rising waves. Dryd. 
 
 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. 
 
 Both j)articular persons and factions ave apt 
 enouLih to flatter tliemselves, or, at least, to brave 
 th.it which they belifvu nut. Bacon. 
 
 Bra'vely. adv. [from bi-ave.] In a brave 
 manner ; courageously ; gallantly ; 
 splendidly. 
 
 Martin Swarl, with Ins Germans, performed 
 bravely. Bacon. 
 
 No fire, nor foe, nor fate, nor night, 
 The Trojan hero did atlVight, 
 Wlio bravely twice reuew'd the fight. Denham. 
 
 BRA 
 
 Vnur valour bravely did tli' assault sustain; 
 And find the motes and ditches with tlie slain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bra'very. n. s. [from brave.] 
 
 1. Courage; magnanimity; generosity; 
 gallantry. 
 
 It denotes no great bravery oi mind, to do that 
 out of a desire of fame, which we could not be 
 prompted to by a generous passion for the glory 
 of him that made us. Spectator. 
 
 Juba, to all the bravery of a hero. 
 Adds softest love, and more than female sweet- 
 "Css. Addisnn. 
 
 2. Splentloiir ; magnificence. 
 Where all the bravery that eye may see. 
 
 And all the happiuess (hat heart desire, 
 
 Is to be found. Spenser. 
 
 3. Show; o.,tentation. 
 
 Let |iriiices choose ministers more sensible of 
 duty than of rising, and such as love busuiess ra 
 ther upon conscience than upon braverti. Bacon 
 
 4. Bravado ; boast. 
 
 Never could man, with more unmanlike troDen/, 
 use his tongue to her disgrace, which lalclv had 
 sun^ sonnets of her praises. Sidney. 
 
 For a bravery upon this occasion of power, ther 
 crowned their'new king in the cathedral church of 
 Dublin. Bacon. 
 
 There are those that make it a point of hraverii, 
 to bid defiance to the oracles of divine revelatioii. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 Bravo, n. s. [bravo, Ital.] A man who 
 murders for hire. 
 
 For boldness, like the braroes and banditti, is 
 seldom employed, but upon desperate scri-ices. 
 
 Government (f the Tongue. 
 No braroes here profess the bloody trade. 
 Nor is the church the murd'rer's refuge made. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 To BRAWL. V. n. [brouiller, or braulcr, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 I. To quarrel noisily and indecently. 
 
 She troubled was, alas ! that it might be. 
 With tedious brauUngs of her parents dear. 
 
 Sidttey. 
 
 Here comes a man of comfort, whose advice 
 
 Hath often still'd my braieling discontent. Shat. 
 
 How now ? Sir John ! what, are you brawling 
 
 here ? 
 
 Does this become your place, your time, vour 
 
 business? Shakesp. Henry IW. 
 
 Their batt'rin^ cannon charg'd to the mouths. 
 
 Till their soul-fearing clamours have braul'd 
 
 down 
 The flinty ribs of this contemptuous cltv. Shak. 
 
 In council she gives licence to her tongue, 
 Loquacious, ^nm•/mg■, ever in the wroni.'.^ Dryden. 
 Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamours, 
 braivlin^ langua*ge, and especially all personal 
 scandal and scurrility, to the meanest part of the 
 vulgar world. Trattj. 
 
 2. To speak loud and indecently. 
 
 His divisions, as the times do brawl. 
 Are in three heads : one pow'r against the French, 
 And one against Glendower. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To make a noise. This is little used. 
 
 As lie lay along 
 Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out 
 Upon the brook that brawls along this wood. 
 
 Shakem 
 
 Brawl, n.s. [from the verb.] Quarrel; 
 noise ; scurrility. 
 
 He findeth, that controversies thereby are made 
 but hrairls ; and therefore wisheth, that, in some 
 lawful assembly of cliurches, all these strifes may 
 be decided. Ho,^ker. 
 
 Never shice that middle summer's spring 
 Met we on hill, in dale, forest, or mead. 
 But with thy brauls thou hast disturb'd our spurt. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 219
 
 BRA 
 
 That bonum is an animal, „ ,., 
 
 Made good with stout polcniick brmd. Hudibras. 
 
 Brawler. n. s. [from braivl] A 
 
 wrangler; a quarrelsome, noisy fellow. 
 
 An advocate may incur the censure of the 
 
 court, for being a bniukr in court, on purpose to 
 
 lengthen out the cause. Aylife. 
 
 BRAWN. U.S. [of uncertain etymolog}'.] 
 
 1. The fleshy or musculous part of the 
 botiy. 
 
 The brawn of tlie arm must appear full, shadow- 
 ed on one side ; then sliew the wrist-bone thereof. 
 
 Feacham. 
 But most their looks on the black monarch 
 bend. 
 His rising muscles and his bratm commend ; 
 His double biting as, and beamy spear. 
 Each asking a gigantick force to rear. Dryden. 
 
 2. The arm, so called for its being mus- 
 culous. 
 
 I'll hide my silver beard in a gold beaver. 
 And in my vantbrace put this wither'd brawn. 
 
 Shakeap. 
 I had purpose 
 Once more to hew thy target from thy brawn. 
 
 SItakesp, 
 
 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 
 
 The boist'rous hands are then of use, when 1 
 With this directing head, those hands apply ; 
 Brawn without brain is thine. Druden. 
 
 4. The flesh of a boar. 
 
 The best age for the boar is from two to five 
 years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell 
 him for braum. Mortimer. 
 
 5. A boar. 
 
 Bra'wner. n.s. [from ftrairn.] A boar 
 killed for the table. 
 
 At Christmas time be careful of your fame. 
 See the old tenant's table be the saino ; 
 Then if you would send up the brawner head. 
 Sweet rosemary and bays around it spread. King. 
 
 Bra'wniness. Ji. s. [from braumi/.] 
 Strength ; hardness. 
 
 This brawniness and insensibility of mind, is the 
 best armour against the common evils and acci- 
 dents of life. Locke. 
 Bra'wny. adj. [from brawn.] Muscu- 
 lous ; fleshy; bulky; of great muscles 
 and strength. 
 
 The brawny fool, who did his vigour boast. 
 In that presuming confidence was lost. Dryden. 
 
 The native energy 
 Turns all into the substance "of the tree. 
 Starves and destroys the fruit, is only made 
 For brawny bulk, aild for a barren shade. Dryden. 
 
 To BRAY. V. a. [bpacan, Sax. braler, 
 Fr.] To pound, or grind small. 
 
 I'll burst him ; I will bray 
 His bones as in a mortar. Chapman. 
 
 Except you would bray Christendom in a mor- 
 tar, and mould it into a new paste, there is no 
 possibility of a holy war. Bacon. 
 
 To Bray. v.n. [brcire, Fr. barrio, Lat.l 
 1. To make a noise as an ass. 
 Laugh, and they 
 Return it louder than an ass can ftrai;. Dryd 
 
 'Agad if he should hear the lion roar, he d cud- 
 gel him into an ass, and to his primitive braying. 
 
 B R E 
 
 Buisl'rous untun'd drums, 
 And harsh resounding trumpets dreadful bray 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'yer. n.s. [from ftray.] 
 1. One that brays like an ass. 
 
 Hold ! cried the queen ; a cat-call each 
 
 shall 
 
 Congreve. 
 
 2. To make an offensive, harsh, or disa- 
 greeable noise. 
 
 What, shall our feasts be kept with slaughter'd 
 men ? 
 Shall braiiing trumpets, and loud churlish drums, 
 Clamours of hell, be measures to our pomp ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Arms on armour clashing, bray'd 
 Horrible discord. Milton. 
 
 Bray. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Voice of an ass. 
 
 2. Harsh sound. 
 
 Equal your merits, equal is your din ! 
 But, lliat this well-disputed "ame may end, 
 Sound forth, my braytrs! and the welkin rend. 
 ■' Pope. 
 
 2. [With printers ; from To bray, or 
 bint.] An instrument to temper the 
 ink. 
 
 To Braze, v. a. [from brass.] 
 
 1 . To solder with brass. 
 If the nut be not to be cast in brass, hut only 
 
 hath a worm brazed into it, this niceness is not so 
 absolutely necessary, because that worm is first 
 turned up, and bowed hito the grooves of the 
 spindle : and you may try that before it is bra-.ed 
 in the nut. " _ Moaon. 
 
 2. To harden to impudence. 
 
 1 have so often blushed to acknowledge hini, 
 that now I'm bra:'d to it. Shakesji. King Lear. 
 
 If dannied custom hath not braz'd it so. 
 That it is proof and bulwark against sense. Shak. 
 
 Bra'zen. adj. [from brass.] 
 
 1 . Made of brass. It was anciently and 
 properly written brasen. 
 
 Get also a small pair of brazen compasses, and 
 a fine ruler for taking the distance. Peacham. 
 
 A bough his brazen helmet did sustain ; 
 His heavier arms lay scatter'd on tlie plain. Dryd. 
 
 2. Proceeding from brass : a poetical use. 
 
 Trumpeters, 
 With brazen din blast you the city's ear. 
 Make mingle with your r.attling tabourines. Shak. 
 
 3. Impudent. 
 To Bra'zen. v. n. To be impudent; to 
 
 bidly. 
 
 When I reprimanded him for his tricks, he 
 would talk saucily, lye, and brazen it out, as if he 
 had done nothing" amiss. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Bra'zenface. n.s. [from brazen and 
 
 face.] An impudent wench : in low 
 
 language. 
 
 Vou do, if you suspect me in any dishonesty — 
 Well said, 6r"a:eiyuce; hold it out. Shakesp. 
 
 Bra'zenvaced. adj. [from brazenface.] 
 Impudent; shameless. 
 
 \\hat a brazenfaced varlet art thou, to deny 
 thou knowestme? Is it two days ago, since! 
 tript up thy heels, and beat tliee before the king. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Quick-witted, hrazenfac'd, with fluent tongues. 
 Patient of labours, and dissembling wrongs. Dry. 
 
 Bra'zenness. n.s. {immbrazcn.] 
 
 1. Appearance like brass. 
 
 2. Impudence. 
 Brazier, n.s. See BrasieR. 
 
 The halfpence and farthings in England, if vou 
 
 should sell them to the (.;a-.ier, you would not lose 
 
 above a penny in a shilling. Swijt. 
 
 Breach. n.s. [from break; breche, Fr.] 
 
 1. Theact of breaking any thing. 
 This tempest 
 
 Dashing the garment of this peace, aboded 
 
 The sudden breach on't. Shakespeare. 
 
 2. The state of beijig broken. 
 O you kind gods ! 
 
 Cure this great breacii in his abused nature. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. A gap in a fortification made by a bat- 
 tery. 
 
 The wall was blown up in two places ; by 
 which breach the Turks seeking to have entered, 
 made bloody fight. Knolles. 
 
 B R E 
 
 Till mad with rage upon the breach he tir'd, 
 Slew friends and foes, and in the smoke retir'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. The violation of a law or contract. 
 
 Tiiat oath would sure contain them greatly, or 
 the breach of it bring them to shorter vengeance. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 What are those breaches of the law of nature and 
 nations, which do forfeit all right in a nation to 
 govern ? Bacon. 
 
 Breach of duty towards our neighbours, still 
 involves in it a breach of duty towards God. 
 
 South. 
 
 The laws of the gospel are the only standing 
 rules of morality ; and the penalties affixed by 
 God to the breach of those laws, the only guard,s 
 that can efl'ectually restrain men within the true 
 bounds of decency and virtue. Kogeri. 
 
 5. The opening in a coast. 
 But th' heedful boatman strongly forth did 
 
 stretch 
 His brawny arms, and all his body strain ; 
 
 That th' utmost sandy breach they shortly fetch, 
 While the dread danger does behind remain. 
 
 .Spenser. 
 Difference ; quarrel ; separation of 
 
 kindness 
 
 It would have been long before the jealousies 
 and breaches between the armies would have been 
 contposed. Clarendon. 
 
 7. Infraction ; injury. 
 
 This breach upon kingly power was without 
 precedent. Clarendon. 
 
 BREAD, n.s. [brieos, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . Food made of ground com. 
 
 Mankind have found the means to make grain 
 into bread, the lightest and properest aliment for 
 human bodies. Arbuthrwt. 
 
 Bread, that decaying man with strength sup- 
 plies ; 
 And generous wine, which thoughtful sorrow flies. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Food in general, such as nature re- 
 quires : to get bread, implies, to get 
 sufficient for support without luxury. 
 
 In the sweat of thy face sbalt thou eat bread. 
 
 Genesii. 
 
 If pretenders were not supported by the sim- 
 plicity of the inquisitive fools, the trade would 
 not find them bread. L'Estrange. 
 
 I'his dowager, on whom my tale I found, 
 A simple sober life in patience led. 
 And had but just enough to buy her bread. Dryd. 
 
 When I submit to such indignities, 
 Make me a citizen, a s^ nator of Rome ; 
 To sell ray country, with my voice, for bread. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 I neither have been bred a scholar, a soldier, 
 nor to any kind of business ; this creates uneasi- 
 ness in iny mind, fearing I shall in time want 
 bread. Spectator. 
 
 3. Support of life at large. 
 
 God is pleased to try our patience by the in- 
 gratitude of those who, having eaten of our bread, 
 have lift up themselves against us. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 But sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed ; 
 What then? is the reward of virtue iireati? Pope. 
 
 Bread CHIPPER. «. s. [h-om bread and 
 chip.] One that chips bread ; a ba- 
 ker's servant; an under butler. 
 
 No abuse, Hal, on my honour ; no abuse.— ^ 
 Not to dispraise me, and call me pantler, and 
 bread-chipper, and I know not what.' Shakesp. 
 
 Bread-corn. n.s. [from bread and 
 corn.] Corn of which bread is made. 
 
 There was not one drop of beer in the town ; 
 the bread and bread-corn, sufficed not for six 
 days. Hayuiard. 
 
 When it is ripe, they gather it, and, bruising it 
 amoni; bnad-corn, they put it up intou vessel, and 
 keep It as food for the"ir slaves. Broome. 
 
 Bread-room. n.s. [In a ship.] Apart 
 
 220
 
 Psalms 
 Isaiah. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 B R E 
 
 of the hold separated by a bulkhead 
 from the rest, where the bread and 
 biscuit for the men are kept. 
 Breadth, n. s. [from bpao broad, Sax- 
 on.] The measure of any plain super- 
 ficies from side to side. 
 
 Tliere is, in Ticinuni, a church that hatli win- 
 dows onlv from above ; it is in length an hundred 
 feet, in b'readth twenty, and in height near htty ; 
 having a door in the midst. Bacon. 
 
 The river Ganges, according unto latter rela- 
 tion, if not in len,th, yet iii hreadth and deptli, 
 mav excel it. .^ Bn^"- 
 
 then all approach the slain with vast surprize. 
 Admire on what a breadth of earth he hes.Uryden- 
 
 In our Golhick cathedrals, the narrowness oi 
 tlie arch makes it rise in height; the l";vness 
 opens it in breadth Addison. 
 
 To BRE.\K. V. a pret. I broke, or brake; 
 part. pass, broke, or broken, [bpeccan, 
 Saxon.] 
 
 1. To part by violence. 
 
 Wlien I brake the five loaves among five thou- 
 sand, how many baskets of fragments took ye up r 
 
 Mark. 
 
 Let ns break their bands asunder, and cast^avyay 
 their cords from us. 
 
 A bruised reed shall he not break. 
 
 See, said the sire, how soon 'tis done ; 
 The sticks he then broke one by one : 
 So strong you'll be, in friendship tied ; 
 So quickly broke if yon divide. 
 
 2. To burst, or open by force. 
 O could we bre^k our way by force ! 
 Moses tells us, that the fountains of the earth 
 
 were broke open, or clove asunder.Burnff'sT/ienry. 
 
 Into my hand he forc'd the tempting gold, 
 While I with modest strugglhig broke his hold. 
 
 Gaij. 
 
 3. To pierce ; to divide, as light divides 
 darkness. 
 
 By a dim winking lamp, which feebly broke 
 The gloomy vapour, he lay stretch'd along.Drj/d. 
 
 4. To destroy by violence. 
 
 This is the fabrick, which, when God breaketh 
 down, none can build up again. Burnet's Theorii. 
 
 5. To batter ; to make breaches or gaps in. 
 
 I'd give bay Curtal, and his furniture. 
 My mouth no more were broken than these boys, 
 And writ as little beard. Shakesp. 
 
 6. To crush or destroy the strength of the 
 
 body. 
 
 O father abbot I 
 An old man, broken with the storms of state, 
 Is come to lay his weary bones among ye ; 
 Give him a little earth tor charity. Sliakesp. 
 
 The breaking of that parliament, 
 Broke him ; as that dishonest victory 
 At Charonea, fatal to liberty, 
 Kill'd with report that old man eloquent. Milton. 
 Have not some of his vices weaken'd his Liudy, 
 and broke his health ? have not others dissipated 
 his estate, and reduced him to want ? Tillotson. 
 
 7. To sink or appal the spirit. 
 
 The defeat of that day was much greater than 
 it then appeared to be ; and it even broke the 
 heart of his army. Clarendm. 
 
 I'll brave her to her face ; 
 I'll give my anger its free course against her : 
 Thou shalt see. Phoenix, how I'll break her pride. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 8. To crush; to shatter. 
 
 Your hopes without are raiiish'd into smoke ; 
 Your captains taken, and your armies broke. Dry. 
 
 9. To weaken the mental faculties. 
 
 Opprest nature sleeps : 
 This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses, 
 Which, if conveniency will not allow. 
 Stand in hard cure. Shake^. 
 
 If any dabbler in poetry dares venture upon the 
 experiment, lie will only break his brains. Fclton, 
 
 10. To tame; to train to obedience; to 
 enure to docility. 
 
 B R E 
 
 What boots it to break a colt, and to let him 
 
 straight run loose at random ? Spenser. 
 
 Wliy then thou can'st not break her to the lute.— 
 
 Why, no ; for she hath broke the lute to me. S/iafe. 
 
 So fed before he's broke, he'll bear 
 Too great a stomach patiently to feel 
 The (ashing whip, nr chew the curbing steel. Mai;. 
 That hut-raoutli'd beast that bears against the 
 curb. 
 Hard to be broken even by lawful kings. Dryden. 
 No sports but what belong to war they know. 
 To break the stubborn colt, to bend the bow. TJry. 
 
 Virtues like these 
 Make human nature shine, reform the soul. 
 And b-eak our fierce barbarians into va^n. Addison. 
 
 Behold young Juba, the Numidian prince, 
 Wilh how "much care he forms himself to glory, 
 And breaks the fierceness of his native temper ! 
 
 Addison. 
 
 11. To make bankrupt. 
 
 Tlie king's grown bankrupt, like a broken man, 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 For this few know themselves : for merchants 
 broke 
 View their estate with discontent and pain.Dam'ts. 
 
 With arts like these ricli Matho,when he speaks, 
 Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryd. 
 
 A command or call to he liberal, all of a sudden 
 impoverishes the rich, breaks the merchant, and 
 shuts up every private man's exchequer. South. 
 
 12. To discard, to dismiss. 
 I see a great ofiicer broken. Saift. 
 
 13. To crack or open the skin, so as that 
 the blood comes. 
 
 She could have run and waddled all about, even 
 the day before she broke her brow ; and then my 
 husband took up the child. Shakesp. 
 
 Weak soul ! and blindly to destruction led : 
 She break her heart! she'll sooner breafc your head. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 14. To make a swelling or imposthume 
 
 open. 
 
 15. To violate a contract or promise. 
 
 Lovers break not hours. 
 Unless it be to come before their time. Shakesp. 
 
 Pardon this fault, and by my soul I swear, 
 I never more will break an oath with thee. Shak. 
 
 Did not our worthies of the house. 
 Before tliey broke the peace, break vows ^Hudibras. 
 
 16. To infringe a law. 
 Unhappy man! to break the pious laws 
 
 Of nature, pleading in his children's cause. Dryd. 
 
 17. To stop ; to make cease. 
 
 Break their talk, mistress Quickly ; ray kins- 
 man shall s)ieak for himself. Shakesp. 
 
 1 8. To intercept. 
 Spirit of wine, mingled with common water, 
 
 yet 50 as if the first fall be broken, by means of a 
 sop, or otherwise, it stayeth above. Bacon. 
 
 Think not lUT sense of »irtue is so small ; 
 I'll ratlier leap "down first, and break your fall. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 As one condemn'd to leap a precipice. 
 Who sees before his eyes the depth below. 
 Stops short, and looks about for some kiud shrub 
 To break his dreadful fall. Dryden. 
 
 She held my hand, the destin'd blow to break. 
 Then from her rosy lips began to speak. Dryden. 
 
 19. To interrupt. 
 
 Some solitary cloister will I choose. 
 Coarse my attire, and short shall be my sleep, 
 Broke by the melancholy midnight bell. Dryden. 
 
 The fiither was so moved, that he could only 
 command his voice, broke w ith sighs and sobbings, 
 so Tar as to bid her proceed. Addison. 
 
 The poor shade shiv'ring stands, and must not 
 break 
 His painful silence, till the mortal speak. Tickell. 
 
 Sometimes in broken words he sigh'd his care, 
 Look'd pale, and trembled, when he view'd the 
 fair. Gay. 
 
 20. To separate company. 
 
 Did not Paul and Barnabus dispute with that 
 vehemence, that they were forced to break com- 
 pany ? Atterbnry. 
 
 21. To dissolve any union. 
 
 B R E 
 
 Itl« great foli^, as well as injustice, tofcreofccif 
 so noble a relation. CoUitr. 
 
 22. To reform: with o/l 
 The French were not quite broken of it, until 
 
 some time after they became Christians. Ocir. 
 
 23. To open something new ; to propound 
 something by an overture ; as if a seal 
 
 were opened. 
 
 When any new tiling shall be propouuded, no 
 counsellor sliould suddenly deliver any positive 
 opinion, but onlv hear it, and, at the most, but 
 to break it, at first, that it may be the better un- 
 derstood at tlie next meeting. Bacon. 
 
 I, who much desir'd to know 
 Of whence she was, yet fearful how to break 
 My mind, adventur'ci humbly thus to speak. Dry. 
 24. " To break the back. "To strain or dis- 
 locate the vertebrae with too heavy bur- 
 dens. 
 
 I'd rather crack mv sinews, break my back. 
 Than you should such dishonour unde'rgo. Shak. 
 
 25. To break the back. To disable one's 
 
 fortune. 
 
 many 
 Have broke their backs, with laying manors on 'em. 
 For this great journey. Shakesp. 
 
 26. To break a deer. To cut it up at ta- 
 ble. 
 
 27. To break fast. To eat the first time 
 in the day. 
 
 28. To break ground. To plough. 
 When the price of com fallelh, men generally 
 
 give over surplus tillage, and break no moregrouno 
 
 than will serve to supply their own turn. Carew. 
 
 The husbandman must first brtak the land, before 
 
 it be made capable of good seed. Dories. 
 
 29. To break sround. To open trenches. 
 
 30. To break the heart. To destroy with 
 
 grief. 
 
 Good my lord, enter here. — 
 .— ^\ ill't ftreafc my ftcarf .^-^— 
 I'd rather break mine own. Shake^. 
 
 Should not all relations bear a part ? 
 It were enough to break a single heart. Dryden. 
 
 31. To break a jest. To utter a jest un- 
 expected . 
 
 32. To break the neck. To lux, or put out 
 
 the neck joints. 
 
 I had as lief thou didst break his neck, as his 
 fingers. Shakesp. 
 
 33. To break off. To put a sudden stop ; 
 to interrupt. 
 
 3-t. To break off. To preclude by some 
 obstacle suddenly interposed. 
 
 To check the start's and sallies of the soul. 
 And break off M its commerce wilh the tongue. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To break up. To dissolve ; to put a 
 
 35. 
 sudden end to. 
 
 Who cannot rest till he good fellows find ; 
 He breaks up house, turns out of doors his mind. 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 He threatened, that the tradesman would beat 
 
 out his teeth, if he did not retire, and break up the 
 
 meeting. Arbuthutit. 
 
 36. To break up. To open ; to lay open. 
 Shells being lodged amongst mineral matter, 
 
 when this comes to be broke~up, it exhibits im- 
 pressions of the shells. ]f'ooduvrd. 
 
 37. To break up. To separate or disband. 
 After taking the strong city of Belgrade, Solv- 
 
 nian, returning to Constantinople, broke up his ar- 
 my, and there lav still the whole year following. 
 
 KnolJes. 
 
 38. To break upon the trheel. To punish 
 by stretching a criminal upon the wheel, 
 and breaking his bones with bats. 
 
 39. To break wind. To give vent to wind 
 in the body.
 
 B R £ 
 To Break, v. n. 
 
 1. To part in two. 
 
 Give sorrow words ■, the grief that does not speak 
 Whispers the o'crfraught heart, and bids it break. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 2. To burst. 
 
 The clouds are slill above ; and, wliile I speak, 
 A second dehige o'er our heads may break. Dryd. 
 
 "The Roman camp 
 Hanjjs o'tr us black ami tlireat'mng, like a storm 
 Just breahing on o\ir heads. Dryden. 
 
 3. To spread by dashing, as waves on a 
 rock. 
 
 At last a falHn;; billow stops his breath, 
 Breaks o'ei his head, and whelms him underneath. 
 
 Dri^den. 
 
 He could compare the confusion of a multitude 
 to that tumult in the Icarian sea, dashing and 
 breaking among its crowd of Islands. fope. 
 
 4. To break as a swelling ; to open, and 
 discharge matter. 
 
 Some hidden abscess in the mesentery, break- 
 ing some few days after, was discovered to be an 
 aposteme. Harvey. 
 
 Ask one, who hath subdued his natural rage, 
 how he likes the cliange ; and undoubtedly >ie 
 will tell yuu, lliul it is no less happy than the case 
 of aiii-o&nimposthume, as the painful gathering 
 and filling of it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 5. To open as the morning. 
 
 The day hrcah not, it is my heart, 
 Because that I and you must part. 
 Stay, or else my joy's will die, 
 Anti perish in tlicir'infancy. Donne. 
 
 When a man thinks of any thing in the darkness 
 of the night, whatever deep impressions it may 
 make in his mind, they are apt to vanish as the 
 day breaks about him. Addison. 
 
 6. To burst forth ; to exclaim. 
 
 Every man. 
 After the hideous storm that foUow'd, was 
 A thing inspir'd ; and, not consulting, broke 
 Into a general prophecy. Shakesp. 
 
 7. To become bankrupt. 
 
 I did mean, indeed, to pay you with this ; 
 which, if, like an ill venture, it comes unluckily 
 home, I break, and you, my gentle creditors, lose. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He that puts all upon adventures, doth often- 
 times break, and come to poverty. Bacon. 
 
 Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. 
 For every want he could not build a wall. Pope. 
 
 8. To decline in healtli and strength. 
 Yet thus, methinks, I hear them speak : 
 
 See how the dean begins to break ; 
 
 Poor gentleman ! he droops apace. Swift. 
 
 9. To issue out with vehemence. 
 
 Whose wounds, yet fresh, with bloody hands 
 he strook. 
 While from his breast the dreadful accents broke. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 10. To make way with some kind of sud- 
 denness, impetuosity, or violence. 
 
 Calamities may be nearest at hand, and readiest 
 to break in suddenly upon us, which we, in regard 
 of times or circumstances, may imagine to be far- 
 thest otF. Hooker. 
 
 The three mighty men broke through the host of 
 the Philistines. . 2 Samuel. 
 
 They came unto Judah, and brake into it 
 
 y Chronc'es. 
 
 Or who shut up the sea within doors, when it 
 brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb. 
 
 Job. 
 
 This, this is he ; softly awhile, 
 let us not break in upon' him. Milton. 
 
 He resolved that Balfour ihould use his utmost 
 endeavour to break through with his whole body 
 of horse. Clarendon. 
 
 When the channel of a river is overcharged with 
 water, more than it can deliver, it necessarily 
 4r«ot»over the b.'uik, to make itself room. Hale. 
 
 B R E 
 
 Sometimes his anger breaks through all disguises. 
 And spares not Gods nor men. Venham. 
 
 'Jill through those clouds the sun of knowledge 
 brake, 
 And Europe from her lethargy did wake. Dcnftnm. 
 
 ! couldst thou break through fate's severe de- 
 
 cree, 
 A new Marcellus should arise in thee. Dryden. 
 
 At length I've acled my severest part I 
 I feel the woman breaking in upon me, 
 And melt about my heart, my tears will flow. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 How does the lustre of our father's actions. 
 Through the dark cloud of ills that cover him, 
 Break out, and burn with more triumphant blaze ! 
 
 Addison. 
 
 And yet, methinks, a beam of light breaks in 
 On mv "departing soul. Addison.. 
 
 There are some who, struck with the usefulness 
 of these charities, break through all the difficulties 
 and obstructions that now lie in the way t.iwards 
 advancing them. Atterbnry. 
 
 Almighty Pow'r, by whose most wise command 
 IIclples"s, forlorn, uncertain here I stand ; 
 Take Ibis faint glimmering of thyself awav. 
 And break into my soul with perfect day ! 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 See heav'n its sp.arklin'_' portals wide display. 
 And break upon thee in a Hood of day I Pope. 
 
 1 must pay her tlie last duty of friendship 
 wherever she i's, though I break through the whole 
 plan of life which 1 have formed in my miud.SiciJi. 
 
 n. To come to an explanation. 
 
 But jierceiving this !;reat alleration in his friend, 
 he thought fit to break with him thereof. Sidney. 
 
 Stay with me awhile ; 
 I am to break with tlice of some alfairs 
 That touch me near. Shakesp. 
 
 Break with them, gentle love. 
 About the drawing as many of their husbands 
 Into the plot as can. BenJonson. 
 
 12. To fall out; to be friends no longer. 
 
 Be not afraid to break 
 With murd'rers and traitors, for the saving 
 A life so near and necessary to you. 
 As is your country's. BenJcmson. 
 
 To 'break upon " the score of danger or expence, 
 is to be mean and narrow-spirited. Collier. 
 
 Sighing, he savs, we must certainly break. 
 And my cruel u'nkindness compels liim to speak. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 13. To break from. To go away with 
 some vehemence. 
 
 How didst thou scorn life's meaner charms. 
 Thou who couldst break from Laura's arms ! Rose. 
 
 Thus radiant^/iiim (he circling crowd he broke ; 
 And thus with manly modesty he spoke. Dryd. 
 
 This custom makes bigots and scepticks ; and 
 those that break from it, are in danger of heresy. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 14. To break in. To enter unexpectedly, 
 without proper preparation. 
 
 The doctor is a pedant, that, with a deep voice, 
 and a magisterial air, breaks in upon conversation, 
 and drives down all before him. Addison. 
 
 15. To break loose. To escape from cap- 
 tivity. 
 
 Who would not, finding way, break loose from 
 hell. 
 And boldly venture to whatever place 
 Farthest trom pain ? Miltm. 
 
 16. To break loose. To shake off re- 
 straint. 
 
 If we deal falsely in covenant with God, and 
 break hose from all our engagements to him, we 
 release God from all the promises he has made to 
 yg_ Tillotson. 
 
 1 7. To break off. To desist suddenly. 
 Do nut peremptorily break of, in any business, 
 
 in a fit of an'4er ; but, howsoever you shew bit- 
 terness, do not act any thing that is not revocable. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Pius Quintus, at the very time when that me- 
 morable victory was won by the Christians at 
 
 B R E 
 
 Lepanto, being then hearing of causes in consis- 
 tory, iiroke ofr suddenly', and .said to those about 
 him. It is now more timew'c should give thanks 
 to God. Bacim, 
 
 When you begin to consider, whether you may 
 safely take one draught more, let that be account- 
 ed a sign late enough to break off. Taylor. 
 
 IS. To break off from. To part from with 
 violence. 
 X mmifrom this enchanting queen break off. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 19. To break out. To discover itself in 
 sudden effects. 
 
 Let not one spark of filthy lustful fire 
 Breakout, that may her sacred peace molest, 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 They smother and keep down the flame of the 
 mischief, so as it may not break out in their time 
 of government ; what comes afterwards, they care 
 not. Spenser. 
 
 Such a deal of wonder has broken out within 
 this hour, that I allad makers cannot be able to 
 express it. Shakesp. 
 
 As fire breaks out of flint by percussion, so_ 
 wisdom and truth issucth out by the agitation of 
 argument. " Howet. 
 
 rully ripe, his swelling fate breaks out. 
 And hurries him to mighty mischiefs on. Dryden. 
 
 All turn'd their sides, and to each other spoke ; 
 I saw their words break out in fire and smoke. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Like a ball of fire, the further thrown. 
 Still with a greater blaze she shone. 
 And her bright soul broke out on ev'ry side. 
 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 There can be no greater labour than to be al- 
 ways dissembling ; there being so many ways by 
 which a smothered truth is apt to blaze, and break 
 out. South. 
 
 There are men of concealed fire, that doth not 
 break out in the ordinary circumstances of life. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 A violent fever broke out in the place, which 
 swept away great multiludcs. Addison. 
 
 20. To break out. To have eruptions from 
 the body, as pustules or sores. 
 
 21. To break out. To become dissolute. 
 
 He broke not out into his great excesses, while 
 be was restrained by the couiicils and authority of 
 Seneca. Dryden. 
 
 22. To break up. To cease ; to intermit. 
 
 It is credibly affirmed, that, upon that very day 
 
 when the river first riseth, great plagues in Cairo 
 use suddenly to break up. Baco}i's Xat.Hist. 
 
 23. To breakup. To dissolve itself. 
 
 These, and the like conceits, when men have 
 cleared their understanding by the light of expe- 
 rience, will sca'.ter and break up like mist. Bacon. 
 
 The speedy depredation of air upon watery 
 moisture, and version of the same into air, ap- 
 peareth in nothing more visible than the sudden 
 discharge or vanishing of a little cloud of breath, 
 or vapour, from glass, or any polished body ; for 
 the mistiness scattereth, and breaketh up suddenly. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 But ere he came near it, the pillar and cross of 
 light brake up, and cast itself abroad, as it we»e, 
 iifto a firmament of many stars. Bacon. 
 
 What we obtain by conversation, is oftentimes 
 lost again, as soon as the company breaks up, or, 
 at least, when the day vanishes. IValts. 
 
 24. To breakup. To begin holidays ; to 
 be dismissed from business. 
 
 Our array is dispers'd already : 
 Like youthful steers, unyok'd, they took their 
 
 course, 
 East, west, north, sooth: or, like a school Jroteiip, 
 Each hurries tow'rds his home and sporting- 
 place. Shakesp. 
 
 25. To break with. To part friendship 
 with any. 
 
 There is a slave, whom we have put in prison. 
 Reports, the Volscians, with two several powen, 
 
 222
 
 B R E 
 
 Are enter*ti in t]\c Roman territories.— 
 —Go see this luniourcr wliipt. It cannot be, 
 The Volscians dare break with us. Shakesp. 
 
 Can there be any thing of friendsliip in snares, 
 hooks, and trepans? \\ hosoever breaks xvith his 
 friend upon such terms, has enough to warrant 
 him in so doing, both before God and mm^South. 
 
 Invent some apt pretence 
 To break with Bertram. Dryden. 
 
 26". It is to be observed of this extensive 
 and perplexed verb, that in all its signi- 
 fications, whether aclive or neutral, it 
 has some reference to its primitive 
 meaning, by implying either detriment, 
 suddenness, violence, or separation. It 
 is used often with additional particles, 
 up, out, in, off, forth, to modify its sig- 
 nification. 
 
 Break, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. State of being broken ; opening. 
 From tlie break of ilay until norm, the roaring 
 
 of the cannon never ceased. Knoltes. 
 
 For now, and since first breakoi <iay, tlie fiend. 
 Mere serpent, in appearance, forth was come. 
 
 Mllttm. 
 
 They mnst be drami from far, and without 
 Irreaks, to avoid llie multiplicity of lines. Dryden. 
 
 The sight of it would be quite lost, did it not 
 sometimes discover itself through the breaks and 
 openings of the woods Ihat grow about it. Addison, 
 
 2. A pause; an interruption. 
 
 3. A line drawn, noting that the sense is 
 suspended. 
 
 All modem trash is 
 Set forth with num"rous tn-eaks and daghes. Swift. 
 
 Bre'aker, 71. s. [from break.'] 
 
 1. He that breaks any thing. 
 
 Cardinal, I'll be no 6rea^er of the law. Shak. 
 
 If the churches were not employed to be places 
 to hear God's law, there would be need of thera 
 to be prisons for the breakers of the laws of men. 
 
 South. 
 
 2. A wave broken by rocks or sandbanks ; 
 a term used of navigation. 
 
 To Breakfast, v. n. [from break and 
 fast.] To eat the first meal in the day. 
 
 As soon as PhoEbus' rays inspect us. 
 First, Sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior. 
 
 Breakfast, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . The first meal in the day. 
 
 The duke was at breakfast, the last of his repasts 
 in this world. Wattoii. 
 
 2. The thing eaten at the first meal. 
 Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 
 
 Bacon. 
 A good piece of bread would he often the best 
 breakfast for my young master. Locke. 
 
 S. A meal, or food in general. 
 
 Had I been seized liy a hungry lion, 
 1 would have been a breakfast lo the beast. Shak. 
 
 I lay me down to gasp'my latest breath. 
 The w-olves will get a breakfast by my deatli. 
 Yet scarce enough their hunger to supply. Dryd. 
 Bre'akneck. n. s. [from bi-eak and 
 neck.] A fall in which the neck is bro- 
 ken ; asteep place endangering the neck. 
 
 1 must 
 
 Forsake the court ; to do't or no, is certain 
 
 To nie a frrf a/<»ier/c. Shalxsp. 
 
 Bre'akpromise. n. .s. [from break and 
 
 promise.] One that makes a practice of 
 
 breaking his promise. 
 I will think you the most atheistical hreukpro- 
 
 mise, and the most hullow lover. Shakc.'p. 
 
 Bre'akvow. 71. s. [from 6)fa/i; and t)ow.] 
 
 He that practiseth the breach of vows. 
 
 Tliat daily breakww, he that wins of all. 
 Of kings, of beggars, old men.young men, maids. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bream, n. s. [brume, Fr. cyprinus latus, 
 Lat.l The name of a fish. 
 
 B R L 
 
 The bream, being at full growth, i large fisli ; 
 lie will breed both in rivers and ponds, but loves 
 best to live in ponds. He is, by Oesner, taken to 
 be more elegant than wholesome. He is long in 
 growing, but breeds exceedingly in a water that 
 p.'eases him, and in many ponds so far as to over- 
 slock them, and starve tlie other fish. He is very 
 broad, with a forked tail, and his scales set in ex- 
 cellent order. He hath large eyes, and a narrow- 
 sucking mouth, two sets of teeth, and a lozing 
 bone, to help his grinders. The male is observed 
 to have two large melts, and the female two large 
 baggs of eggs or spawn. Walton's Angler. 
 
 A broaafcream, to please some curious taste, 
 While yet alive in boiling water cast, 
 Vex'd with unwonted heat, boils, flings about. 
 
 IVatler. 
 
 BREAST, n. s. [bpeofc, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The middle part of the human body, 
 between the neck and the belly. 
 
 Notrayfress! angry Love replies. 
 She's hid somewhere about thy hreasl ; 
 
 A place nor Gcd nor man denies, 
 For A^enus' dove the proper nest. Prior. 
 
 2. The (lugs or teats of women which 
 
 contain the milk. 
 
 They pluck the fatheiless from the breast. 
 
 Job, xxiv. 9. 
 
 3. Breast was anciently taken for the pow- 
 er of singing. 
 
 The better breast. 
 The lesser rest. Tusserff Singing Boijs. 
 
 4. The part of a beast that is imder the 
 neck, between the forelegs. 
 
 5. The disposition of the mind. 
 
 I not by wants, or fears, or age opprest. 
 Stem the wild torrent with a dauntless breast. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 6. The heart; the conscience. 
 
 Needless was written law, where none opprest ; 
 The law of man was written in his breast. 
 
 Dryden sOvid. 
 
 7. The seat of the passions. 
 
 Margarita first possess'd, 
 If 1 remember well, my breast. Cowley. 
 
 Each in his breast the secret sorrow kept. 
 And thought it safe to laugh, though Csesar wept. 
 
 Rmce. 
 
 To Breast, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 meet in front ; to oppose breast to breast. 
 
 The threaden sails 
 Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow'd sea. 
 Breasting the lofty surge. Shakasp. Henry V. 
 
 The hardy Swiss 
 Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Golds. 
 
 Bre'astbone. n. s. [from breast and 
 bone.] The bone of the breast ; the ster- 
 num. 
 
 The belly shall be eminent, by shadowing the 
 flank, and under the breastbone. Pcacham. 
 
 Bre'astcasket. n. s. [from breast and 
 casket.] With mariners, the largest and 
 longest caskets, which are a sort of 
 strings placed in the middle of the yard. 
 
 Bre'astfast. n.s. [from breast 3.r\Afast.] 
 In a ship, a rope fastened to some part 
 of her forward on, to hold her head to a 
 wai-p or the like. Harris. 
 
 Bre'asthigh. adj. [from breast and 
 his;h.] Up to the breast. 
 
 Tile river itself ^'av 
 was straiglit breasOtiglt. iianey. 
 
 Lay madam Partlct basking in the sun, 
 Breaslhtgit in sand. Dritden's Fables. 
 
 Bre'asthooks. n. s. [from breast and 
 hook.] With shipwrights, the compas- 
 sing timbers before, that help to strength- 
 en the stem, and all the forepart of the 
 ship. Harris. 
 
 Bre'astknot. n.s. [from breast and 
 
 r ''ave way unto her, so that she 
 stliigh. Sidney. 
 
 B R E 
 
 knot.] A knot or bunch of ribbanda 
 worn by women on the brea,st. 
 
 Our ladies have still faces, and our men hearts ; 
 
 why may we not hope for the same achievement* 
 
 from tlie influence of this breastknot ? Addis. Freeh. 
 
 Bre'astplate. n. s. [from breast and 
 
 plate.] Armour for the breast. 
 
 What stronger ftr&ulpiatf than a heart untainted? 
 
 Thrice is he anii'd, that hath his quarrel just. SViat. 
 
 Gainst shield, helm, breastplate, anid, instead of 
 
 those. 
 
 Five sharp smooili stones from the next brouk ):e 
 
 chose. Couiey. 
 
 This venerable champion will come into the 
 
 field, armed only with a pocket-pislol, before his 
 
 old rusty breastplate could be scoured, and his 
 
 cracked headpiece mended. Siriji. 
 
 Bre'astplough. n. s. [from breast and 
 plough.] A plough used for paring turf, 
 driven by the breast. 
 
 The breastplough, which a man shoves before 
 him. MortimtT. 
 
 Bre'astropes. n. s. [from breast and 
 rope.] In a ship, those ropes which fas- 
 ten the yards to the parrels, and, with 
 the parrels, hold the yards fast to the 
 mast. Harris. 
 
 Breastwork. ». s. [from b7-east and 
 vork.] Works thrown up as high as the 
 breast of the defendants ; the same with 
 parapet. 
 
 Sir John Astley cast up breastuvrks, and made a 
 redoubt for the defence of his men. Clarendm. 
 
 BREATH, n.s. [bfiaSe, Saxon.] 
 
 1. The air drawn in and ejected out of 
 the body of living animals. 
 
 Whither are they vanish'd ? 
 Into the air, and what seemed corporal 
 Melted, as breath into the wind. Shakesp.Macbeth. 
 
 2. Life. 
 
 No man has more contempt than I of breath. 
 But w hence hast thou the pow'r to uive me death ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. The state or power of breathing freely ; 
 opposed to the condition in which a man 
 is breathless and spent. 
 
 At other times he casts to sue the chace. 
 Of swift wild beasts, or run on foot a race, 
 T' enlarge his breath, large breath in arms most 
 
 needful. 
 Or else, by wrestling, to wax strong and heedful. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 What is your ditference ? speak ^— 
 — I am scarce in breath, my lord. Shak. K.Lear. 
 
 Spaniard, takvbreath, some respite I'll aft'ord ; 
 My cause is more advantage than your sword. Dry. 
 
 Our swords so wholly did the fates employ. 
 That they at length grew weary to destroy ? 
 Refus'd the wort we brouglit, and, out of breatn, 
 JMade sorrow and despair attend for death. 
 
 Dryden's.iuTCTig. 
 
 4. Respite; pause; relaxation. 
 
 Give me some breath,some little pause, dear lord. 
 Before I positively speak. Shakesp.Rtchard III. 
 
 5. Breeze ; moving air. 
 
 Vent all thy passion, and I'll stand its shock 
 Caira and unru tiled as a sunnner's sea. 
 When not a breath of w ind flies o'er its surface. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 G. A single act ; an instant. 
 
 _ Von menace nie, and court me, in a breath ; 
 \ our Cupid looks as dreadfully as death. Drvd. 
 
 Brk'ath.vble. adj. [froni breath.] That 
 
 may be breathed ; as, breathable air. 
 To Breathe, v. n. [from breath.] 
 1 . To draw in and throw out the air by 
 the lungs ; to inspire and expire. 
 He safe retuni'd, the race of glory past. 
 New to his friends embrace, had bfeath'd his last. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 223
 
 B R E 
 
 2. To live. , , J , 
 
 Let liim breathe, between the heav ns and earth, 
 A private man in Alhen'i. Shah. Ant. atid Ueop. 
 
 3. To take breath ; to rest. 
 
 He presently followed tlie victory so hot upon 
 the Scots, that he suffered them not to breathe, or 
 gather themselves together again. 
 ° Spenser sState of Ireland. 
 
 Tliree times they breath'd, and three times did 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 , gave him his cfeatl 
 
 they drink, 
 Upon agreement. 
 
 Rest, that gives all men life 
 And too much breathing put him out of hreatli. 
 
 JMlltnn 
 
 When France had fereatfc'd after intestine broils, 
 
 And peace and conquest crown'd her foreign toils. 
 
 itysctfmmu/i. 
 
 4. To pass as air. 
 
 Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, 
 To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in 
 And there be strangled ere my Romeo comes ? 
 
 bhakesp. 
 
 To Breathe, v. n. 
 
 I. To inspire, or inhale into one's own 
 body, and eject or expire out of it. 
 
 They wish to live, 
 Their pains and poverty desire to bear. 
 To view the light of heav'ii, and breathe the vital 
 air. , , Pl.V'^'" 
 
 They here began to breathe a most delicious 
 kind of ajther, and saw all tlic fields about^them 
 covered with a kind of puqle light. latter. 
 
 To inject by breathing: \vith into. 
 
 He breathei into us the breath of life, a viti 
 
 tal ac- 
 should 
 
 live spirit; whose motions, he e.\Dects 
 
 own the dignity of its original. Decay of Fiety. 
 
 I would be young, be handsome, be belov d, 
 Could I but breathe myself into Adrastus.Dri/itoi. 
 
 3. To expire; to eject by breathing: with 
 out. 
 
 Slie is called, by ancient authors, the tenth 
 muse ; and by Plutarch is compared to Caius, the 
 son of Vulcan, who breathed out nothing but liame. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 4. To exercise ; to keep in breath. 
 
 Thv trrevhounds are as swift as breathed stags. 
 ■'''•' Shakespeare. 
 
 5. To inspire; to move or actuate by 
 
 breath. 
 
 The artful youth proceed to form the quire ; 
 Tliey breathe the flute, or strike the vocal wire. 
 •' Prior. 
 
 6. To exhale ; to send out as breath. 
 
 His altar breathes 
 Ambrosial odours, and ambrosial llow'rs. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 7. To utter privately. 
 
 I have tow'rd heaven hreath'd .a secret vow. 
 To live in pray"r and contemplation. 
 
 Shakes]). Merchant of Ifnici;. 
 
 8. To give air or vent to. 
 
 The ready cure to cool the raging pain, 
 Is underneath tlu foot to breathe a vein. 
 
 Vryden's Virgil. 
 
 Bre'ather. n. s. [from breathe.] 
 
 1. One that breathes, or lives. 
 
 She shows a body rather than a life, 
 A statue than a breather. Shakesp. Ant. attd Cleop. 
 I will chide no breather in the world but myself. 
 
 Shakc.^p. 
 
 2. One that utters any thing. 
 
 No particular scandal once can touch. 
 But it confounds the breather. 
 
 Shakesp. Measure Jor Measure. 
 
 3. In.spirer ; one that animates or infuses 
 
 by insipiration. 
 
 The brfarfifi- of all life does now expire : 
 His milder father summons him away. Aonis. 
 
 Bre'athing. n. s. [i'rom breathe.] 
 
 1. Aspiration; secret prayer. 
 
 Wliile to high hcav'n his |iious breathings turn'd, 
 'V\'eepin2heliop'd,and sacrificing mourn'd. Prior. 
 
 2. Breathing place ; vent. 
 
 The warmth distends the chinks, and makes 
 
 B R E 
 
 New breathings whence new nourishment she 
 takes. Drydeu. 
 
 Bre'ATHLESS. n.s. [from breath.] 
 
 1. Out of breath ; spent with labour. 
 
 Well knew 
 The prince, with patience and sufierance sly, 
 So hasty heat soon cooled to subdue ; 
 Tlio' wfien he breathless wax, that battle 'gan rc- 
 HQW. Fairy Quee«. 
 
 I remember, when the figlit was done, 
 Wlicn I was dry with rage and extreme toil, 
 Jhruililess, and faint, leaning upon my sword. 
 Came there a certain lord. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 Many so straiiieil themselves in their race, that 
 they fell down breathless and dead. Hayward. 
 
 &'-eatldcss and tir'd, is all my fury spent : 
 Or does my glutted spleen at length relent? 
 
 Sryden's JEneid. 
 
 2. Dead. 
 
 Kneeling before this ruin of sweet life, 
 And breathing to this /)ria(/it.« excellence 
 The incense of a vow, a holy vow. Shak. K.John. 
 
 Yielding to the sentence, breathless thou 
 And pale sbalt lie, as what thou buriest now. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Bred, parficip. pa.is. [from To breed.] 
 
 Tlieir malice w as bred in them, and their cogi- 
 tation would never be changed. Wisdom, xii. 10. 
 
 Brede. n. s. See Braid. 
 
 In a curious 6reJe of needle-work, one colour 
 falls away by such just degrees, and another rises 
 so insensibly, that we see the variety, without 
 being able to distinguish the total vanishing of the 
 one from the first appearance of the other.yWdiscm. 
 
 BREECH, n.s. [supposed from bpaecan, 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. The lower part of the body; the back 
 
 part. 
 
 When the king's pardon was offered by a lie- 
 rauld, a lewd boy turned towards him his naked 
 breech, and used words suitable to tliat gesture. 
 
 rlai^icard. 
 
 The storks devour snakes and other serpents; 
 whieli when they begin to creep out at their 
 breeches, they will presently clap them close to a 
 wall, to keep them in. Great's Museum. 
 
 2. Breeches. 
 Ah ! that thy father had been so re.solv'd I — 
 
 That thou might'st still have worn the petticoat. 
 
 And ne'er had stol'n the breech from Lancaster. 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 B R E 
 
 I. To procreate ; to generate; to produce 
 
 3. The hinder part of a piece of ordnance. 
 
 So cannons, when they mount vast pitches. 
 Are tumbled back upon 'their lireeches.Anonymous. 
 
 4. The hinder part of any thing. 
 To Breech, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To put into breeches. 
 -2. To fit any thing with a breech ; as, to 
 
 breech a gun. 
 Bre'eches. n. s. [bpa>c, Sax. from brac- 
 ca, an old Gaidish word; so that Skin- 
 ner imagines the name of the part cover- 
 ed with breeches, to be derived from that 
 of the garment. In this sense it has no 
 sivgidur.] 
 
 1. Tlie garment worn by men over i\w 
 lower part of the body. 
 
 I'etruchio is coming in a new hat, and an old 
 jerkin, and a pair of old breeches, thrice turned. 
 Shakesp. Tamingof the Shreto. 
 
 Rough satires, sly remarks, ill nalur'd speeches. 
 Are always aim'd at poets that wear iirefr/ics. Prior. 
 
 Givehini a single coat to make, he'd do't ; 
 A vest or /)re«-/ics, singly ; but the brute _ 
 Could ne'er contrive all three to make a smt.Am^. 
 
 2. To wear the breeches, is to usurp the 
 authority of the husbands. 
 
 The wife of Xanthus was domineering, as if her 
 
 fortune and her extraction, had entitled her to the 
 
 breeches. , , VEstrange. 
 
 To BREED, r. a. preter. 1 bred, I have 
 
 bred. [bpa;t>an. Sax.] 
 
 more of the species 
 
 None fiercer in Numidia bred. 
 With Carthage were in triumph led. Roscommon. 
 
 2. To produce from one's self. 
 Children would in-fed their teeth with less dan- 
 
 gpf, Loc/ce. 
 
 3. To occasion ; to cause ; to produce. 
 
 Thereat he roared for exceeding pain, 
 That to haveheard, great horrourwould havedred. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Our own hearts we know, but we are not cer- 
 tain what hope the rites and orders of our church 
 have bred in the hearts of others. Hooker. 
 
 What hurt ill company, and overmuch liberty, 
 breedeth in youth. Ascham'sSchoolmaster. 
 
 Intemperance and lust In-eed infirmities and dis- 
 eases, w hich, being propagated, spoil the strain of 
 a nation. Tillotson. 
 
 4. To contrive ; to hatch ; to plot. 
 My son Edgar ! had he a hand to write this ? 
 
 a heart and brain to /(rcfd it in ? Shak. KingT.ear. 
 
 5. To give birth to ; to be the native place : 
 so there are breeding ponds, and feeding 
 
 ponds. 
 
 Mr. Harding, and the worthiest divine Chris- 
 tendom hath bred for the space of some hundreds 
 of years, were brought up together in the same 
 university. Hooker. 
 
 Hail, foreign wonder ! 
 Whom certain these rough shades did never ireed. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 6. To educate ; to form by education. 
 Whoe'er thou art, whose forward ears are bent 
 
 I On state affairs, to guide the government ; 
 Hear first what Socrates of old has said 
 To the lov'd youth whom he at Athens bred. 
 
 Dryden. 
 To breed up the son to common sense. 
 Is evermore the parent's least expence.Di-j/d.Ji«'. 
 
 And left their pillagers, to rapine bred, 
 \\ ithout controul to strip and spoil the dead.Driy. 
 His farm may not remove his children too far 
 from him, or the trade he breeds them up m.Locke. 
 1 To bring up ; to take care of from in- 
 fancy. 
 
 Ail wretched me I by fates averse decreed 
 To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. To conduct through the first stages of 
 
 life. 
 
 Bred up in grief, can pleasure be our theme > 
 Our endless anguish does not nature claim > 
 Reason and sorrow are to us the same. Prior. 
 
 To Breed, v. n. 
 
 1. To bring young. 
 
 Luciiia, it seems, was breeding, as she did no- 
 thing but entertain the comjjany with a discourse 
 upon the difiiculty of reckoning to a. A-ay. Spectator. 
 
 2. I'o be increased by new production. 
 But could youth last, and love still breed ; 
 
 Had joys no 'date, and age no need ; 
 
 Then' liicse delights my mind might move 
 
 To live with thee, aiui be thy love. ^ Raleigh. 
 
 3. To be produced ; to have birth. 
 Where thev most breed and haunt, I have ob- 
 
 serv'd. 
 The air is delicate. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 There is a worm that breedeth in old snow, and 
 dieth soon after it coraelh out of tlie snow. 
 
 Bacon's Kat. History. 
 
 The caterpillar is one of the most general of 
 
 worms, and breedeth of dew and leaves. Bacon. 
 
 It hath been the general tradition and belief, 
 
 that macgots and flics breed in putrified carcases. 
 
 °° Bentlcy. 
 
 4. To raise a breed. 
 In the choice of swine, choose such to breed of 
 
 as are of long large bodies. Mortimer. 
 
 Breed, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 1. Acast; a kind; a subdivision of species. 
 
 I bring you witnesses. 
 Twice fifteen thousan'd hearts of England's breed. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2<24,
 
 B R E 
 
 The horses were young and liandsorae, and of 
 the best breed in the north. Shakesp. Henru VIII. 
 
 Walled towns, stored arsenals, and ordnance ; 
 all this is but a sheep in a lion's skin, except the 
 breed and disposition of the people be stout and 
 warlike. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Infectious streams of crowding sins began. 
 And thro' the spurious breed and guilty nation ran. 
 
 Rosc(mtmon. 
 
 Rode fair Ascanius on a fiery steed, 
 Queen Dido's gift, and of the Tjrian breed. Dryd. 
 
 2. A family ; a generation : in contempt. 
 A cousin of his last wife's was proposed ; but 
 
 John would have no more of the breed. 
 
 Arbuthnot's History of J. Bull. 
 
 3. Progeny; offspring. 
 If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not 
 
 As to thy friend ; for when did friendship take 
 A breed of barren metal of his friend ? 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 4. A number produced at once ; a hatch. 
 She lays them in the sand, where they lie till 
 
 they are hatched j sometimes above an hundred 
 at a breed. Grew. 
 
 Bre'edbate. n. s. [from hreed and bate.] 
 One that breeds quaiTels ; an incendiary. 
 An honest, willing, kind fellow, as ever servant 
 shall come in house withal ; and, I warrant you, 
 no telltale, nor no hreedlmte. " 
 
 Shakesjt. Merry Wires of Windsor. 
 
 Breeder, n. s. [from breed.] 
 
 1. That which produces any thing. 
 
 Time is the nurse and breeder of all good. Shak. 
 
 2. The person which brings up another. 
 Time was, when Italy and Rome have been the 
 
 best breeders and bringcrs up of the worthiest men, 
 Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 3. A female tliat is prolifick. 
 Get thee to a nunnery ; why would'st thou be 
 
 a breeder of sinners ? Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Here is the babe, as loathsome as a toad. 
 Amongst the fairest breeders of our time. 
 
 Shakes]/. Titus A/idronicus. 
 
 Let there be an hundred persons in London, and 
 as many in the country, we say, that if there be 
 sixty oi* them breedem in London, there are more 
 than sixty in the country. Graunt. 
 
 Yet, ii^a friend a night or two should need her. 
 He'd recommend her as a special breeder. Pope. 
 
 4. One that takes care to raise a breed. 
 The breeders of English cattle turned nmch to 
 
 dairy, or else kept their cattle to six or seven years 
 old. Temple, 
 
 Bre'eding. n. s. [from breed.] 
 
 1. Education; instruction; qualifications. 
 
 She had her breeding at my father's charge, 
 A poor physician's daughter. Shakesp. 
 
 I am a gentleman of Blood and breeding. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 I hope to see it a piece of none of the meanest 
 
 breeding, to be acquainted with the laws of nature. 
 
 Glunvilles Scepsis, Pref. 
 
 2. Manners ; knowledge of ceremony. 
 As men of breeding, sometimes men of wit, 
 
 T' avoid greaterrours, must the Icsscoinmit. Pope. 
 
 The Graces from the court did next provide 
 Breeding, and wit, and air, and decent pride. Swift. 
 
 3. Nurture ; care to bring up from the 
 infant state. 
 
 Why was my breeding order'd and prescrib'd. 
 As of a person separate to God, 
 Design'd for great exploits ? Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 Breeze, n. s. [bjtioj-a, Saxon.] A sting- 
 ing fly ; the gadfly. 
 
 Cleopatra, 
 The h-eeze upon her like a cow in June, 
 Hoists sail, and fiies. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 The learned write, the insect breesc 
 Is but the mongrel prince of bpes. Hudihras. 
 
 A fierce loud buzzing 6rcese, their stings draw 
 blood. 
 And drive the cattle gadding through the wood. 
 
 Jyryden. 
 I\REEZE. n. s. [brezza. Ital.l A gentle 
 gale ; a soft wind. I 
 
 Vot. I, 
 
 ' B R E 
 
 We find that these hottest regions of the world 
 seated under the equinoctial line, or near il, are sr 
 refreshed with a daily gale of easterly wind, which 
 the Spaniards call breeze, that doth ever more blow 
 stronger in the heat of the day. Raleigh. 
 
 From land a gentle breeze arose by night. 
 Serenely shone the stars, the moon was bright. 
 And the sea trembled with her silver light. Drydcn. 
 
 Gradual sink* the breeze 
 Into a perfect calm ; that not a breath 
 Is heard to quiver through the closing wood. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Bre'ezy adj. [from breeze.] Fanned 
 with gales. 
 
 The seer, while zephyrs curl the swelling deep. 
 Basks on the breezy shore, in grateful sleep. 
 His oozy limbs. Pope. 
 
 Bre'hon. n. s. An Irish word. 
 
 In the case of murder (he brehon, that is, their 
 judge, "ill compound between the murderer and 
 the party murdered, which prosecute (he action, 
 that the malefactor shall give unto them, or to the 
 child or wife of him (hat is slain, a rccompence, 
 which they call an eriach. .Sjienser. 
 
 Breme. adj. [from bpemman. Sax. to 
 rage or fume.] Cruel ; sharp ; severe. 
 Not used. 
 
 And when the shining sun laugheth once, 
 You decmcn the spring come at once : 
 But eft, when you count you freed from fear. 
 Comes the breme winter, with chamfred brows. 
 Full of wrinkles, and frosty furrows. Spenser. 
 
 Brent, adj. [from bpennan. Sax. to burn.] 
 Burnt. Obsolete. 
 
 What flames, quoth he, when I thee present see 
 In danger rather to be drent than brenl ? Fairu Q. 
 
 Brest, n. s. [In architecture.] That 
 member of a column, called also the 
 torus, or tore. 
 
 Brest .Su/iwiers. The pieces in tlie out- 
 ward parts of any timber building, and 
 in the middle floors, into which the gir- 
 fiers are framed. Harris. 
 
 Bret. n. s. A fish of the turbot kind, 
 also burt or brut. Diet. 
 
 Brethren, n. s. [The plural of bro- 
 ther.] See Brother. 
 
 All these sects are brethren to each other in fac- 
 tion, ignorance, iniquity, perverseness, pride. 
 
 Swift. 
 BREVE, n. s. [In musick.] A note "or 
 character of time, equivalent to two mea- 
 sures or minims. Harris. 
 Breviary, n. s. [breviaire, Fr. breiia- 
 rium, Lat.] 
 
 1. An abridgment; epitome; a com- 
 pendium. 
 
 Cresconius, an African bishop, has given us an 
 abridgment, orbrevi^iry thereof. Aijliffe. 
 
 2. The book containing the daily service 
 of the church of Rome. 
 
 Bre'viat. 71. s. [from brevis, hrevio, Lat.] 
 A short compendium. 
 
 It is obvious to the shallowest discourser, that 
 the whole counsel of God, aj faras it is incumbent 
 for man to know, is comprised in one breviat of 
 evangelical truth. Decay of Pietti. 
 
 Bre'viature. n. s. [from brerio,' Lat.] 
 An abbreviation. 
 
 Brevi'er. n. s. A particular size of letter 
 used in printing; so called, probably, from 
 being originally usod in printing a brc- 
 viary: such is the smallest type used in 
 this work, in which the examples appear. 
 
 Bre'vity. n. s. [brevilas, Lat.] Concise- 
 ness; shortness; contraction into few 
 words. 
 
 B R I 
 
 Virgil, stud^'ing brevUu, and having the com- 
 mand of his own language, could bring thosr 
 words into a narrow compass, which a translafor 
 cannot render without circumlocutions. Dryden. 
 
 To BREW. r. a. [brouwen, Dutch ; 
 
 brawen, German ; bfiipan, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . To make liquors by mixing several in- 
 gredients. 
 
 We have drinks also frreited with several herbs, 
 and roots, and spices. Bacon. 
 
 Mercy guard me ! 
 Hence with thy hrexod enchantments, foul decei- 
 ver ! ^Vdton. 
 
 2. To put into preparation. 
 
 Here 's neither bush nor shrub to bear off any 
 weather at all, and another storm brewing. Sliak. 
 
 3. To mingle. 
 
 Take away these chalices ; go, brew me a pottle 
 
 of sack finely- Shake^. 
 
 4. Pope seems to use the word indetermi- 
 nately. 
 
 Or brew fierce tempests on (he watry main. 
 Or o'er the globe distil the kindly rain. Pope. 
 
 5. To contrive ; to plot, 
 
 I found it to be tlie most malicious and frantick 
 surmise, and the most contrary to his nature, that, 
 I think, had ever been brewed from the bcgitminc 
 of the world, liowsoever countenanced by a libel- 
 lous pamphlet of a fugitive physician, even in 
 print. Watton. 
 
 To Brew. i\ n. To perform the office 
 of a brewer. 
 
 I keep his iiouse, and wash, wring, brew, bake, 
 scour, dress meat, and make the beds, and do aU 
 myself. Shakesp 
 
 Brew. 71. s. [from the verb ] Manner of 
 brewing ; or thing brewed. 
 
 Trial would be made of the like brew with 
 
 potatoe roots, or burr roots, or the pith of arti-t 
 
 chokes, which are nourishing meats. Bacon 
 
 Bre'wage. w. s. [from brew,] Mixture 
 
 of various things. 
 
 Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. 
 
 With eggs, sir? — 
 
 — Simple of itself: I'll no pullet-sperm in my 
 brewage. Shakesp. 
 
 Bre'wer. w. s. [from breiv.] A man 
 wliose profession it is to make beer. 
 
 W hen ^rcucrsmarr their malt with water. 5ftaA:esp. 
 
 Men every day eat and drink, though I think no 
 man can demonstrate out of Euclid, or Apollonius, 
 that his baker, or brewer, or cook, has not convey- 
 ed poison into his meat or drink. Tillotson. 
 
 Bre'whoIjSE. 7i.s. [from brew and house.] 
 
 A house appropriated to brewing. 
 
 In our brewhousfs, bakeliouses, and kitchens, 
 are made divers drinks, breads, and moats. Bacon. 
 
 Brewing. /(. s. [from brew.] Quantity 
 of liquor brewed at once. 
 
 A brewing of new beer, set by old beer, maketh 
 it wurk agani. Bacon. 
 
 Bre'wis. n. s. 
 
 1. A piece of bread soaked in boiling fat 
 pottage, made of salted meat. 
 
 2. It seems anciently to have meant broth. 
 
 Wiiat an ocean of brcwis shull T swim in ! 
 
 Bcnitm. ami Ftitcb. DiivUsia7u 
 
 Bri'ar. ?i.s. See Brier. 
 
 BRIBE. 91. s. [Bribe, in French, originally 
 signifies a piece of bread, and is applied 
 to any piece taken from the rest ; it is 
 therefore likely, that a bribe originally 
 signified, among us, a share of any thing 
 unjustly got.] A reward given to pervert 
 the judgment, or corrupt the conduct. 
 
 You ha\e cnndemu'd and noted Lucius Pella, 
 Tor taking bribes here of the Sardians. Shakesp, 
 
 Nor less may Jupiter to gold ascribe, 
 When he turnM himseif into a bribe, IVailcr, 
 
 Gg 225
 
 B R I 
 
 If a man be covetous, profits or In-ibes may put 
 him to the test. L'Estran'e. 
 
 There's jo.v when to wild will you laws prescribe, 
 When you b"id fortune carry b:ick her bribe. Dryd. 
 
 To Bribe, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To gain by bribes; to give bribes, re- 
 wards, or hire, to bad purposes. 
 
 The great, 'tis true, can still th' electing tribe; 
 The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. 
 
 Prologue to Coocl-naturcd Man. 
 
 2. It is seldom, and not properly, used in 
 a good sense. 
 
 How pnw'rful arc chaste vows ! the wind and tide 
 You brib'd to combat on the English side. Dryd. 
 
 Bki'ber. n. s. [from bribe.] One that 
 pays for corrupt practices. 
 
 AlTection is still a briber of tlie judgment ; and 
 it is hard for a man to admit a reason against the 
 thing he loves ; or to confess the force of an 
 argument against an interest. South. 
 
 Bri'bery. n. s. [from bribe.'] The crime 
 of taking or giving rewards for bad 
 
 practices. 
 
 There was a law made by the Romans, against 
 the bribery and extortion of the governours of pro- 
 vinces : before, says Cicero, the governours did 
 bribe and e.ttort as much as was sufficient for 
 themselves ; but now they bribe and extort as 
 much as may be enough no't only for themselves, 
 but for judges, jurors, and magistrates. Bacon. 
 
 No bribery of courts, or cabals of factions, or 
 advantages "of fortune, can remove him from the 
 solid fouudation.s of honour aiid fidelity. Dryden. 
 
 BRICK, n.s. [from brick, Dutch; brique, 
 Fr. according to Menage, from imbrex, 
 Lat. whence brica.] 
 J. A mass of burnt clay, squared for the 
 use of builders. 
 
 For whatsoever doth so alter a body, as it re- 
 
 turneth not again to that it was, may be called 
 
 alteratio major ; as coals made of wood, or bricks 
 
 of earth. Bacon. 
 
 They generally gain enough by the rubbish and 
 
 bricks, which the present architects value much 
 
 beyond those of a modern make, to defray the 
 
 charges of their search. _ Aadisun. 
 
 But spread, my sons, your glorv thin or thick, 
 
 On passive paper, or on solid brick. Pope. 
 
 2. A loaf shaped like a brick. 
 
 7b Brick, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 lay with bricks. 
 
 Tlie sexton comes to know where he is to be 
 laid, and whether his grave is to be plain or bricked. 
 
 Sn-ift. 
 
 Bri'ckbat. n. s. [from brick and bat.] 
 
 A piece of brick. 
 
 Earthen bottles, filled with hot water, do pro- 
 voke in bed a sweat more daintily than brickhiiis 
 hot. Bacon. 
 
 Bri'ckclay. n. s. [from brick and clai/.] 
 Clay used for making brick. 
 
 I observed it in pits wrought for tile and brick- 
 clay. Woodward. 
 
 Bri'ckdust. n. s. [from brick and dust.] 
 Dust made by pounding bricks. 
 
 This ingenious author, being thus sharp set, got 
 
 together a convenient quantity of brkkdust, and 
 
 disposed of it into several papers. Spectator. 
 
 Bri'ckearth. n. s. [from brick and 
 
 earth.] Earth used in making bricks. 
 
 They grow very well both on the liazelly hrick- 
 earths.'and on gravel. MoHiiner. 
 
 Brick-kiln. n.s. [from brick o.r\d kiln.] 
 A kiln ; a place to burn bricks. 
 
 Like the Israelites in the brick-kilns, they multi- 
 plied the mure for their oppression. Decai/ of Piety. 
 Bri'cklayer. n. .f. [from brick and lay.] 
 A mm whose trade is to build with 
 bricks ; a brick-mason. 
 
 B R I 
 
 The elder of them, being put to nurse. 
 And ignorant of his birth and parentage, 
 Became a bricklayer when he came to age. Shakesp. 
 
 If you had liv'd Sir, 
 Time enough to have been interpreter 
 To Babel's 5rickiai/ers, sure the tow'r had stood. 
 
 Don7ie. 
 
 Bri'ck-maker. n. s. [from brick and 
 make.] One whose trade it is to make 
 
 bricks. 
 
 They are common in claypits ; but the brick- 
 makers pick them out of the clay. Woodward. 
 
 Bridal, arij. [from bride.] Be'longing 
 to a wedding ; nuptial ; connubial 
 
 Our wedding cheer to a sad fun'ral feast, 
 Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change. 
 Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse. Sliak. 
 
 Come, I will bring thee to thy bridal chamber. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The amorous bird of night 
 Sung sponsal, and bid haste the ev'ning star. 
 On his hill-top to light the bridal lamp. Milton. 
 
 Your ill-meaning politician lords. 
 Under pretence of bridal friends and guests. 
 Appointed to await me thirty spies. Milton. 
 
 When to my arms thou brought'st thy virgin love. 
 Fair angels sung our bridal hymnabove.^ Dryden. 
 
 With all the pomp of woe," and sorrow's pride ! 
 Oh early lost ! oh fitter to be led 
 In chearful splendour to the ftrida! bed ! W akh. 
 
 For her the spouse prepares the bridal ring. 
 For her white virgins hymena?als sing. Pope. 
 
 Bri'dal. n. s. The nuptial festival. 
 
 Nay, we must think men are not gods ; 
 Nor of them look for such observance always. 
 As fits the bridal. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Sweet day, so cool, so calin, so bright 
 
 The bridal o'f the earth and sk v. 
 Sweet dews shall weep thy fall to-n 
 
 night ; 
 For thou must die. ' " Herbert. 
 
 In deatli's dark bow'rs our bridakwe will keep. 
 And his cold hand 
 
 Shall draw the curtain when we go to sleep. Dryd. 
 BRIDE, n. s. [bjiyb, Saxon; bruder, in 
 Runick, signifies a beautiful woman.] 
 A woman new married. 
 
 Help me mine own love's praises to resound, 
 Ne let the fame of any be envy'd ; 
 So Orpheus did for bi"s own bride. Spenser. 
 
 The day approach'd,when fortune should decide 
 Th' important enterprize, and give the bride. Dryd 
 
 These are tributes due from pious brides. 
 From a chaste matron, and a virtuous wife. Smith. 
 
 Bri'debed. n. s. [from bride and bed.] 
 Marriage bed. 
 
 Now until the break of day, 
 Through this house each fairy stray ; 
 To the" best bridched will we, 
 \Vhich by us shall blessed be. Shakesp. 
 
 Would' David's son, religious, just, and brave, 
 To the first bridebed of the world receive 
 A foreigner, a heathen, and a slave ? Prior. 
 
 Bridecake, n.s. [from bride and cake.] 
 A cake distributed to the guests at the 
 wedding. 
 
 With tlie phant'sics of hey-troll. 
 Troll about the bridal bowl, 
 And divide the broad bridecake 
 Round about the bridcstake. Ben Jonsvn. 
 
 The writer, resolved to try his fortune, fasted 
 all day, and, that he nnght be sure of dreaming 
 upon'something at night, procured an handsome 
 slice of bridecake, which he placed very conve- 
 niently under his pillow. Spectator. 
 Bri'degroom. 71. «. [from bride and 
 irroom.] A new married man. 
 " As are those dulcet sounds in break of day, 
 That creep into the dreaming bridegroom's car. 
 And summon him to marriage. ShakesiK 
 
 Why, happy bridegroom ! 
 Why dost thou steal so soon away to bed ? Dryden. 
 
 Bri'demen. 7 n. s. The attendants 
 Bri'dem aids. I on the bride and bride- 
 groom. 
 
 B R I 
 
 Bri'destake. n.s. [from bride and stake.] 
 It seems to be a post set in the ground, 
 to dance round, like a maypole. 
 Round about the bridestake. Ben J^nucm. 
 
 BRIDEWELL, n. s. [The palace built 
 by St. Bride's, or Bridget's well, was 
 turned into a workhouse.] A house of 
 correction. 
 
 He would contribute more to reformation than 
 all the workhouses and Bridewells in Europe. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 BRIDGE, n.s. [bpic, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A building raised over water for the 
 convenience of passage. 
 
 What need the bridge much broader than the 
 
 flood > Shakesp. 
 
 And proud Araxes, whom no bridge could bind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. The upper part of the nose. 
 
 The raisin" gently the bridge of the nose, doth 
 prevent the deformity of a sa(ldle nose. Bacon. 
 
 3. The supporter of the strings in stringed 
 instruments of musick. 
 
 To Bridge, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 raise a bridge over any place. 
 Came to the sea; and over Hellespont 
 
 Bridging his way, Europe with Asia join'd. Milton. 
 BRIDLE, n. s. [bride, Fr.] 
 
 1. The headstall and reins by which a 
 horse is restrained and governed. 
 
 They seiz'd at last 
 His courser's bridle, and' bis feet embrac'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A restraint ; a curb ; a check. 
 
 The king resolved to put that place, which some 
 men fancied to be a.bridle upon the city, into the 
 hands of such a man as he might rely upon. 
 
 CbireTidon. 
 
 A bright genius often betrays itself into many 
 errours, without a continual bridle on the tongue. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 To Bri'dle. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To restrain, or guide by a bridle, 
 I bridle in my struggling muse with pain, 
 
 That longs to launch lulo a bolder strain. Addison. 
 
 2. To put a bridle on any thing. 
 
 The queen of beauty stopp'd her bridled doves ; 
 Approv d the little labour of the Loves. Prii/r. 
 
 3. To restrain ; to govern. 
 
 The ilisposition of things is committed to them, 
 whom law may at all times bridle, and superiour 
 power controul. Hooker. 
 
 With a strong, and yet a gentle hand, 
 Y'ouh-irf/cfaction,and our hearts command. TFaHer. 
 
 To Bri'dle. v. n. To hold up the head. 
 Bri'dlehand. n. s. [fi-om bridle and 
 
 hand.] The hand which holds the 
 
 bridle in riding. 
 
 In the turning, one might perceive the bridie- 
 hand something gently stir ; but, indeed, so gently, 
 as it did rather distil virtue than use violence. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The heat of summer put his blood into a fer- 
 ment, which affected his bridlehand with great 
 pain. Wiseman. 
 
 BRIEF, adj. [brevis, Lat. brief, Fr.] 
 
 1. Short; concise. It is now seldom used 
 
 but of words. 
 
 A play, there is, my lord, some ten words long, 
 Which is as brief bs t have known a play ; 
 But by ten words, my lord, it is too long, 
 \Vhicfi makes it tedious. Shakesp 
 
 I will be mild and gentle in my words.— 
 —And brief, good mother, for I am m haste. 
 
 •^ Shakeip. 
 
 I must begin with rudiments of art. 
 To teach you gamut in a liriefer sort. 
 More pleasant, pretty, and e"lTectual. Shaktsp_. 
 
 They nothing doubt prevailing, and to make it 
 brief yiara. Shakesp. Cffriawnw. 
 
 226
 
 B R I 
 
 The brief stile is that wliicli expresscth much 
 
 in little. -Sck Jotison. 
 
 If I liad quoted more words, I had quoted more 
 
 profaneness ; and therefore I\Ir. Congreve has 
 
 reason to thank me for being brief. Collier. 
 
 2. Contracted: narrow. 
 
 The slirine of Venus, or straight pight Minerva, 
 Postures beyond frriff nature. Shake.sp. 
 
 Brief, n. s. [brief, Dutch, a letter.] 
 
 1. A writing of any kind. 
 
 There is a brief, how mnny sports are ripe: 
 Make choice of which jour highness will see first. 
 
 •Shakesp. 
 
 The apostolical letters are of a twofold kind 
 and difference ; viz. some are called briefs, be- 
 cause they are comprised in a short and compen- 
 dious way of writing. ^ AytijJ'e. 
 
 2. A sliort extract, or epitome. 
 
 But how you must hcfiin tliis enterprize, 
 I will your Highness thus in trie/' advise. Fairy Q. 
 
 I doubt not but I shall make it plain, as far as 
 a sura or brief am make a cause plain. Baeon. 
 
 The fcric/'of this transaction is, these siirings that 
 arise here are impregnated with vitriol. 
 
 Woodieard. 
 
 3. [In law.] 
 
 A writ whereby a man is summoned to answer 
 to any action ; or it is any precept of the king in 
 writing, issuing out of any court, whereby he 
 connuands any thing to be done. Cowell. 
 
 4. The writing given the pleaders, contain- 
 ing the case. 
 
 The 4rif/' with weighty crimes was cliarg'd, 
 On which the pleade'r much enlarg'd. Swift. 
 
 5. Letters patent, giving licence to a cha- 
 ritable collection for any public or pri- 
 vate loss. 
 
 6. [In musick.] A measure of quantity, 
 which contains two strokes down in 
 beating time, and as many up. Harris. 
 
 Brie'fly. adv. [from brief.] Concisely; 
 in few words. 
 
 I will speak in that manner which the subject 
 requires ; that is, probably, and moderately, and 
 briefty. . "Bacon. 
 
 The modest queen awhile, witli downcast eyes, 
 Ponder'd the speech ; then briefly thus replies. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 Bri'efness. n. s. [from brief.'] Concise- 
 ness; shortness. 
 
 They excel in grandity and gravity, in smooth- 
 ness and propriety, in quickness and briefness. 
 
 Camden. 
 BRI'ER. n. s. [bpsep, Sax] A plant. 
 The sweet and the wild sorts are both 
 species of the rose. 
 
 What subtle hole is this. 
 Whose mouth is cover'd with rude growing briers ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Then thrice under a brier doth creep. 
 Which at both ends was rooted deep. 
 And over it three times doth leap ; 
 Her magick mucii availing. Drayton's Kijmphid. 
 
 Bri'kry. adj. [from brier.] Rough ; 
 thorny ; ftill of briers. 
 
 Brig, and possibly also Brix is derived 
 from the Saxon bjtic^, a bridge ; which, 
 to this day, in the northern counties, is 
 called a brigg, and not a bridge. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 
 BRI'GADE. n. s. [brigade, Fr. It is now 
 generally pronounced with the accent 
 on the last syllable.] A division of 
 forces; a body of men, consisting of 
 several squadrons of horse, or battalions 
 of foot. 
 
 Or fronted brigades form, Milton. 
 
 Here the Bavarian duke his brigades leads, 
 Gallant in arms, and gaudy to beliold. Philijis. 
 
 B R I 
 
 Brig'ade Major. An officer appointed 
 by the brigadier to assist him in the ma- 
 nagement and ordering of his brigade ; 
 and he there acts as a major does in an 
 army. Harris. 
 
 Brigadi'er General. An officer who 
 commands a brigade of horse or foot in 
 an army ; next in order belov/ a major 
 general. 
 
 Bri'gand. n. s. [hrigund, Fr.] A rob- 
 ber ; one that belongs to a band of 
 robbers. 
 
 There might be a rout of such barbarous 
 thievish brigands in some rocks ; but it was a de- 
 generation from the nature of man, a political 
 creature. Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 
 Bri'GANDINE. 7 re • • it 
 
 Brigantine. 3 >- 6 J 
 
 1. A light vessel ; such as has been for- 
 merly used by corsairs or pirates. 
 
 Like as a warlike bi'igaiuiine, apply "d 
 To fight, lays forth her threatful pikes afore 
 The engines, which in them sad aeath dohide. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 In vour brigantine you sail'd to see 
 The Adriatick wedded. Otway's Venice Presen'Cd. 
 
 The consul obliged him to deliver up his fleet, 
 and restore the snips, reserving only to himself 
 two brigantine*. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. A coat of mail. 
 
 Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet 
 And brigandine of brass, thy broad habergeon, 
 V antbrast, and greves. Milton's Samson Jgonistes. 
 
 BRIGHT, adj. [beopr, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Shining; full of light. 
 
 Through a cloud 
 Drawn round about thee like a radiant shrine, 
 Dark, with excessive 6?*7^/it, thy skirts appear. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Then shook the sacred shrine, and sudden light 
 
 Sprung through the roof, and made the temple 
 
 bright. Drydvn. 
 
 2. Shining, as a body reflecting light. 
 
 Bright brass, and brighter domes. Chapman. 
 Thy eyes are seen in diamonds bright. Gay. 
 Bright as the sun her eyes the gazers strike. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Clear; transpicuous. 
 From the brightest wines 
 
 He'd turn abhorrent. Thomson. 
 
 While the bright Seine, t' e.Kalt the soul, 
 With sparkling plenty crowns the bowl. Fenton. 
 
 4. Clear; evident. 
 
 He must not proceed too swiftly, that he may 
 with more ease, with brighter evidence, and witn 
 surer success, draw the learner on. 
 
 Watts's Improvement nf the Mind. 
 
 5. Resplendent with charms. 
 
 Thy beauty appears. 
 In its graces and airs. 
 
 All bright as an angel new dropp'd from the sky. 
 
 Pamel. 
 O Liberty, thou goddess heav'nly bright, 
 Profuse of bliss, and pregnant with delight ! 
 
 Addison. 
 Bright as the sun, and like the mornimi fair, 
 Such Chlue is, and connnon as the air. Gi-anvillc. 
 
 To-day black c)mens threat the brightest fair 
 
 That e'er engag'd a watchful spirit's care. Pope. 
 
 Thou more dreaded foe, bright beauty, shine. 
 
 Young. 
 
 6. Illuminated with science; sparkling 
 with wit. 
 
 Gen'rous, gay, and gallant nation. 
 Great in arms, and bright in art. Anonymous. 
 
 If parts allure thee, think how Bacon shin'd. 
 The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind. Pope. 
 
 7. Illustrious; glorious. 
 
 This is the worst, if not the only stain, 
 I' th' brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton. 
 
 To Bri'ghten. I', a. [from bright.] 
 
 B R I 
 
 1. To make bright; to make to shine. 
 
 The purple morning, rising with the year, 
 Salutes the sj^ring, as her celestial eyes 
 Adorn the world, and brighten up the skies. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 2. To make Iiuninous by light from 
 without. 
 
 An ecstasy, that mothers (Uily feel, 
 Plays round nn' heart, and brightens all my sorrow. 
 Like gleams ofsunshine in a louring sky. Philips. 
 
 3. To make gay, or cheerful. 
 
 Hope elevates, and joy 
 jBrig/i(eiis his crest. Milton's' Paradise Lotl. 
 
 4. To make illustrirms. 
 
 The jjresent queen would /»rig/if en her character, 
 if she would exert her authority to instil virtues 
 into her people. Swift. 
 
 Vet time ennobles or degrades each line ; 
 It brighten'd Craggs's, and may darken thine. Pope. 
 
 5. To make acute, or witty. 
 
 To Brighten, r. n. To grow bright; 
 to clear up : as, the sky brightens. 
 Bui let a lord once own the hapjiy lines. 
 How the stile brightens, how the sense refines . 
 
 Pope. 
 Bri'ghtly. adv. [from bright.] Splen- 
 didly ; with lu.stre. 
 
 Safely I slept, till bi-ightly dawning shone 
 The morn, conspicuous on her golden throne. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Brightness, n. s. [from bright.] 
 
 1. Lustre; splendour; glitter. 
 
 The blazing brightjiess of her beauty's beam. 
 And glorious light of her sun-sliining* face. 
 To tell, were as to strive against the stream. 
 
 i-'airv Queen. 
 
 A sword, by long lying still, will contract a rust, 
 which shall deface its brightness. South. 
 
 The moon put on her veil of light, 
 Mysterious veil, oibrightneii made. 
 That's both her lustre and her shade. Hudibras. 
 
 Vex'd with tlic present moment's heavy gloom. 
 Why seek we brightness from the years to come ? 
 
 Prior 
 
 2. Acuteness. 
 
 The brightness of his parts, the solidity of his 
 judgment, and the candour and generosity of his 
 temper, distinguished him in an age of great polite- 
 ness. Prior. 
 
 Brilliancy, k. s. [from brilliant.] Lus- 
 tre ; splendour. 
 
 BRILLIANT, adj. [brillant,, Fr.] Shin- 
 ing; sparkling; splendid; full of lustre. 
 
 So have I seen in larder dark 
 
 Of veal a lucid loin. 
 Replete with many a brilliant spark, 
 As wise philosophers remark, >■ 
 
 At once b(iih slink and sliine. Dorset. 
 
 Bri'lliant. n. s. A diamond of the 
 finest cut, formed into angles, so as to 
 refract the light, and shine more. 
 
 In deference to his virtues, I forbear 
 To shew you what the rest in orders were ; 
 This irllUant is so spotless and so bright. 
 He needs not foil, hut shines by his own proper 
 light. ' Drifden. 
 
 Bri'li.iantness. n. s. [from brilliant.] 
 
 Splendour ; lustre. 
 Brills, n. s. Tlie hair on the eyelids 
 
 of a horse. Did. 
 
 BRIM. II. s. [brim, Icelandish.J 
 
 1 . The edge of aiij' thing. 
 
 His hat being in the form of a turban, daintily 
 made, the locks of his hair came down about the 
 brims v(ii. Bacon. 
 
 2. The upper edge of any ve«stl. 
 
 How my head in ointment swims! 
 How mv cup o'ei looks her (>rim,s.' Cras}iau: 
 
 So when with crackling Hames a cauldron fries. 
 The bubbling waters froiii the bottom rise. 
 Above the brins they force their fiery way. 
 
 Dryden's £neid. 
 
 227
 
 B R I 
 
 Thus in a bason drop a shilling, 
 
 Then fill ihe vessel to the brim. 
 
 You shall observe, as you arc filling, 
 The pond'rous metal seems so swim. Swift. 
 
 3. The top of any liquor. 
 
 The feet of the priests, that bare the ark, were 
 dipped in the brim of th<' " ater. Joshua, iii. 15. 
 
 4. The bank of a fountain. 
 
 It told me it was Cynthia's own. 
 Within whose cheerful brims 
 
 'i'hiit curious nymph had oft been known 
 To hallie lier snowy limbs. Drayton. 
 
 7t> Brim. r. a. [from the noun.] To fill 
 to the top. 
 
 iMay thy brimmed waves, 
 Their full tribute never miss. 
 From a thousand rills. Milton. 
 
 This said, a double wreath Evander twin'd ; 
 And poplars black and white his temples bind ; 
 Then brims his ample bowl ; with like desifjn, 
 The rest invoke the gods with sprinHed wnie. 
 
 Dri/deyi. 
 To Brim. v. n. To be full to tlie brim. 
 Now horrid frays 
 Commence, the brimming glasses now are hurl'd 
 With dire intent. Philips. 
 
 Bri'mful. adj. [from bri?n and fitli-] 
 Full to the top ; overcharged. 
 
 Measure my case, how by thy beauty's filling 
 With seed of woes my heart brimful is char^'d. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 We liave try'd the utmost of our friends j 
 Our legions are brimful, our cause is ripe- 
 
 Shakesp. J. Cdsar. 
 
 Her brirr\ful eyes, that ready stood. 
 And only wanted will to weep a flood, 
 Releas'd" their watry store. Dryden's Fahks. 
 
 The good old kin'g at parting wrung m3 liand, 
 His eves brimful of tears ; then sighiui; cry'd, 
 Prithee, be careful of my son. Addison's Cato. 
 
 Bri'mfulness. n. s. [from bi'imfui.] 
 Fulness to the top. 
 
 The Scot on liis unfurnish'd kingdom 
 Came pouring like a tide into a beach. 
 With ample and brimfnlness of his force. 
 
 Shukesp. Henry V. 
 
 Bri'mmer. n. s. [from brm.] A bowl 
 full to the top. 
 
 When healths go round, and kindly brimmers 
 flow, 
 Till the fresh garlands on their foreheads glow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bri'mming. adj. [from brim,] Full to 
 the brim. 
 
 And twice besides her beestings never fail, 
 To store the dairy with a brimming pail. Dryd. 
 
 Bri'mstone. ji. s, [corrupted from brin 
 or brenstone, that is, fiery stone.] Sul- 
 phur. See .Sulphur. 
 
 From his ir.fernal furnace forth he threw 
 Huge flame;, that dimmed all the heaven's light, 
 Enroil'd in duskish smuke and fcr/nwioneblue. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 The vapour of the grotto del Cane is generally 
 supposed to be sulphureous, though I can see no 
 reason for such a supposition : I put a whole bun- 
 dle of lighted brimstone matches to the smoke, they 
 all went out in an instant. Aildison on Italy. 
 
 BRl'MSTONY.^r// [i\ombrinisto?ie,] Full 
 of brimstone; containing sulphur ; sul- 
 phureous. 
 
 Bri'nded. adj, [brin, Fr, a branch.] 
 Streaked ; tabby ; marked with streaks. 
 
 Thrice tlie brinded cat hath mew'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 She tamed the brinded lioness 
 And spotted mountain pard. MUton. 
 
 3Iy brinded heifer to the stake I lay ; 
 Two'thriving calves she suckles twice a-day. Dryd. 
 
 Bri'ndle. n. s, [from brinded.] The 
 state of beino: brinded. 
 
 B R I 
 
 A natural brindle. Clarissa. 
 
 Brindled, adj, [from brindle.] Brinded; 
 
 streaked. 
 
 The boar, my sisters ! aim the fatal dart. 
 And strike ihe brindled monster to the heart. 
 
 Addison^s Ovtd. 
 
 BRINE, n. s, 
 
 1. Water impregnated with salt. 
 
 The encreasing of the weight of water will 
 encrease its power of bearing ; as we see brine, 
 when it is salt enough, wUl bear an egg. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Dissolve sheeps dung in water, and add lo it 
 as much salt as will make a strong brine ; in this 
 liquor steep your corn. MoHimer. 
 
 2. The sea, as it is salt. 
 
 All but mariners, 
 Plung'd ill the foaming brine, did quit the vessel, 
 Then all afire with me. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The air was calm, and on the level brijte 
 Sleek Panope, with all her sisters, plajj'd. Milton. 
 
 As, when two adverse winds 
 X-nsage with horrid shock, the ruffled ferine 
 Roars stormy. Philips. 
 
 3. Tears, as they are salt. 
 
 What a deal of brine 
 Hath wash'd thy sallow cheeks for Rosaline ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bri'nepit. n. s. [from britie and pit,] 
 Pit of salt water. 
 
 Then I lov'd thee. 
 And shew'd thee all the qualities o' th' isle, 
 T)ie fresii springs, brinepits, barren place, and fer- 
 tile. Shakesp. 
 
 To BRING. V. a. [bjiinjan, Sax. preter. 
 I brought ; part. pass, brought ; bjioht, 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. To fetch from another place: distin- 
 guished from to carry, or convey, to 
 another place. 
 
 I was the chief that rais'd liim to the crown, 
 And I'll be chief to bringhim down again. Shdk. 
 
 And as she was going to fetch it, ne called to 
 her, and said, Bring me, 1 pray thee, a morsel of 
 bread in thy hand. Kings. 
 
 A registry of lands may furnish easy securities 
 of money, that shall be brought over by strangers. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 2. To convey in one's own hand ; not to 
 send by another. 
 
 And if my wish'd alliance please your king, 
 Tell him he should not send the peace, but bring. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To produce ; to procure, as a cause. 
 
 There is nothing will bring you more honour, 
 and more ease, than to do what right in justice 
 you may. Bacon. 
 
 4. To reduce; to recal. 
 
 Bring back gently their wandering minds, by 
 going before them in the train they should pursue, 
 without any rebuke. Locke. 
 
 Nathan's fable had so good an efll'ect, as to bring 
 the man after God's own heart to a right sense of 
 his guilt. Spectator. 
 
 5. To attract ; to draw along. 
 
 In distillation, the water ascends difficultly, and 
 brings over with it some part of the oil of vitriol. 
 Newton s Opticks. 
 
 (5. To put into any particular state or 
 circumstances ; to make liable to any 
 thing. 
 
 Having got the way of reasoning, which that 
 study necessarilv brings the mind to, they might 
 be able to transfer it to other parts of knowledge, 
 as they shall have occasion. Locke. 
 
 The question fur bringing the kingto justice was 
 immediately put, and carried without any opposi- 
 tion, that I can find. Swifi^s Presbyterian Plea. 
 7. To lead by degrees. 
 
 A due consideration of the vanities of tlie world, 
 will naturally brin^ us to the contempt of it ; and 
 the contempt of the world will as certainly bring 
 us home to ourselves. UEstrange. 
 
 B R I 
 
 The understanding should be brought to the dif- 
 ficult and knotty parts of knowledge by insensible 
 degrees. Locke 
 
 8. To recall ; to summons. 
 
 But those, and more than I to mind can bring, 
 Menalcas has not yet forgot to sing. Dryden. 
 
 9. To induce ; to prevail upon. 
 
 The nature of the things, contained in those 
 words, would not suffer hini to think otherwise, 
 how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on 
 them. Locke. 
 
 It seems so preposterous a thing to men, to make 
 tliemselves unhappy in order to happiness, that 
 they do not easily bring themselves to it. Locke. 
 
 Profitable employinents would be no less a dW 
 version than any oftlie idle sports in fashion, If 
 men could but be brought to delight in them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 10. To bring about. [See About.] To 
 bring to pass ; to effect. 
 
 This he conceives not hard to bring about, 
 If all of you would join to help him out. 
 
 Dryden's Inditin Emperor. 
 
 This turn of mind tlirew'off the oppositions of 
 envy and competition ; it enabled him to gain 
 the most vain and impracticable hito his designs, 
 and to bring about several great events, for the 
 advantage of tlie publick. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 11. To bring forth. To give birth to; 
 to produce. 
 
 The good queen. 
 For she is good, hath brouglu you forth a daughter : 
 Here 'tis; commends it to your filessing. Shakesj). 
 
 More wonderful 
 Than that which, by creation, first brought forth 
 Light out of darkness ! Paradise Lost. 
 
 Bewail thy falsehood, and the pious works 
 It hath brought forth, to make tliee memorable 
 Among illustrious women, faithful wives. 
 
 Milton s Sampson Agonistes. 
 
 Bellona leads thee to thy lover's hand ; 
 Another queen frrmgs/orfft another brand, 
 To burn with foreign fires her native land ! Dryd. 
 
 Idleness and luxury bring forth poverty and 
 want ; and this tempts men to injustice, ana that 
 causeth enmity and animosity. Tillotson. 
 
 The value of land is raised, when it is fitted to 
 bring forth a greater quantity of any valuable pro- 
 duct. Locke. 
 
 12. To bring forth. To bring to light. 
 
 The thing that is hid bringeth he forth to li^ht. 
 Job, xxxviii. 11. 
 
 13. To bring in. To place in any con- 
 dition. 
 
 He protests he loves you, 
 And needs no other suitor, but his liking, 
 To bring you in again. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 14. To bring in. To reduce. 
 
 Send over into that realm such a strong power 
 of men, as should perforce hiring in all that rebelli- 
 ous rout, and loose people. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 15. To bring in. To afford gain. 
 
 The sole measure of all his courtesies is, what 
 return they will make him, and what revenue they 
 will bring him in. South. 
 
 Trade brought us in plenty and riches. Locke. 
 
 16. To bring in. To introduce. 
 
 Entertain no long discourse with any ; but, if 
 you can, bring in something to season ft with re- 
 ligion. Taylor, 
 
 There is but one God who made heaven and 
 earth, and sea and winds ; but the folly and mad* 
 ness of mankind brought in the imagesof gods. 
 
 StilRngfeet 
 
 The fruitfulness of Italy, and the like, are not 
 brought in by force, but naturally rise out of tlie 
 argument. Addison. 
 
 Since he could not have a seat amonc them 
 himself, he would bring in one who haa more 
 merit. Tatlcr, 
 
 Quotations are best brought in to confirm some 
 opinion controverted. Sunf't. 
 
 228
 
 B R I 
 
 J 7. To bring off. To clear; to procure 
 to be acquitted ; to cause to escape. 
 
 I trusted to my head, tlmt has betrayed me, 
 and 1 found fault with my legs, that would other- 
 wise have brought mc off. L'Estrimge. 
 
 Set a kite upon tlie bench, aTid it is forty to 
 one he'll bring off & crow at the bar. L'Estrange. 
 
 The best way to avoid this im|Hitation, and to 
 tring "^ the credit of our understanding, is to be 
 truly religious. TiUotson. 
 
 10. To bring on. To engage in action. 
 
 If there be any that would reign, and take u\> 
 all the time, let "him find means to take them oil, 
 and firing others on. Bacon. 
 
 19. To bring on. To produce as an occa- 
 sional cause. 
 
 The fountains of the great deep being broke 
 open, so as a general destruction and devastation 
 was brought upon the earth, and all things in it. 
 
 Burnet's Theorx/. 
 
 The great question, which in all ages has dis- 
 turbed maiiknid, and brought on them those mis- 
 chiefs. Locke. 
 
 20. To bring over. To convert ; to draw 
 to a new party. 
 
 This liberty should be made use of upon few 
 
 occasions of small importance, and only with a 
 
 view of bringing over his own side, another time, to 
 
 something of greater and more jmblick moment. 
 
 Swift's Church of EngUind Man. 
 
 The protestant clergy will find it, perhaps, no 
 dillicult matter to bring great numbers over to the 
 church. SiviJ't. 
 
 21. To bring out. To exhibit; to shew. 
 If I make not this cheat bring out another, and 
 
 the shearers prove sheep, let me be unrolled. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 Which he could bring out, wliere he had, 
 And what he boughtthem for, and paid. 
 
 Hudibras. 
 These shake his soul, and, as they boldly press, 
 BriTig out his ciiraes, and force him to confess. 
 
 Drifden. 
 Another way made use of, to find the weight of 
 the denarii, was by the weight of Greek coins ; but 
 those experiments bring out the denarius heaver. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 22. To bring under. To subdue; to 
 repress. 
 
 'Tliat sharp course which you have set down, 
 for the bringing under of those rebels of Ulster, and 
 preparing a way for their perpetual reformation. 
 
 Spenser. 
 To say, that the more capable, or the better 
 deserver, hath such right to govern, as he may 
 compulsorily bring under the less worthy, is idle. 
 
 ^Bacon. 
 
 23. To bring up. To educate; to in- 
 struct ; to {'orm. 
 
 Tlie well bringing up of the people, serves as a 
 most sure bond to hold them. Sidnei^. 
 
 He that takes upon him the charge of bringiytg 
 up young men, especially young gentlemen, 
 should have soiuetliing more in him than Latin. 
 
 l.ocke. 
 
 'rhey frequently conversed with this lovely 
 virgin, who had been brought up by her father in 
 knowledge. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 24. To bring up. To introduce to gene- 
 ral practice. 
 
 Several obliging deferences, condescensions, 
 and submissions, with many outward forms and 
 ceremonies, were first of all brougltt up among 
 the politer part of mankind, who lived in courts 
 and cities. Spectator. 
 
 25. To bring up. To cause to advance. 
 
 Bring up your army ; but I think you'll find. 
 They 've not prepar'tl for us. Shakesp. 
 
 26. Bring retains, in all its senses, the 
 idea of an agent, or cause, producing a 
 real or metaphorical motion of something 
 towards something ; for it is oft said, that 
 he brought his companion out. The 
 
 B R I 
 
 meaning is, that he was brought to some- 
 thing that was likewise without* 
 Bri'nger. n. s* [from bring.] The per- 
 son that brings any thing. 
 
 Vet tlie first hringer of unwelcome news 
 Hatli but a losing office : and his tongue 
 Sounds ever after as a sullen bell, 
 Reiuember'd tolling a dead friend. Shakesp. 
 
 Best you see safe the bringer 
 Out of the host : 1 must attend mine office. Shak. 
 
 Bri'nger up. Instructor: educator. 
 
 Italy and Rome have been breeders and hringers 
 vp of the wortiiiest men. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Brinish, arlj. [from bi'i?ie.] Having the 
 taste of brine ; salt. 
 
 Nero would be tainted with remorse 
 To hear and see. her plaints, her brmUk tears. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 For now 1 stand as one upon a rock, 
 Environ'd with a wilderness of sea, 
 Who marks the waxing tide grow wave by wave ; 
 Expecting ever when some envious surge 
 Will, in his brhmh boweU, swallow him. Shakesp. 
 
 Bri'nishness. w. *. [from brinish.] 
 
 Saltness ; tendency to saltness. 
 BRINK, w. s. [brink, Danish.] The edge 
 of any place, as of a precipice or a 
 river. 
 
 Th' amazed flames stand gather'd in a lieap, 
 And from the precipice's brink retire. 
 Afraid to venture on so large a leap. Drydcn. 
 
 We stand therefore on the brinks and confines of 
 those states at the day of doom. Atterbury. 
 
 So have I seen, from Severn's brink, 
 A flock of geese jump down together ; 
 Swim where the biro of Jove would sink, 
 And, swimming, never wet a feather. Swift. 
 
 Bri'ny. adj. [from bi'ine.] Salt. 
 
 He, who first the passage try'd. 
 In harden'd oak his heart did"hide ; 
 Or his, at least, in hollow wood, 
 Who tempted first the briny flood. Dryden. 
 
 Then, briny seas, and tasteful springs, farewel, 
 Where fountain nymphs, confus'd with Nereids, 
 dwell. Addison. 
 
 A muriatick or briny taste seems to be produced 
 by a mixture of an acid and alkaline salt ; for 
 spirit of salt, and salt of tartar, mixed, produce a 
 salt like sea salt. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Bri'ony, See Bryony. 
 BRISK, adj. [bj'usque, French.] 
 
 1. Lively; vivacious; gay; sprightly; 
 applied to men. 
 
 Fr'ythee, die, and set me free. 
 
 Or else bel 
 
 Kind and brisk and gay, like me. Denham. 
 
 A creeping young feUow, that had committed 
 matrimony with a brisk gamesome lass, was so 
 altered in a few days, that he was liker a skeleton 
 than a living man. VEstrange. 
 
 Why should all honour then be ta'en 
 Fnim lower parts to load the brain ; 
 When other limbs we plainly see, 
 E^ch in his way, as brisk as he? Fnor. 
 
 2. Powerful ; spirituous. 
 
 Our nature here is not unlike our wine : 
 Some sorts, when old, couthuie brisk and fine. 
 
 Denham. 
 Under ground, the rude Riplirean race 
 jMimick Ibrisk cyder, with the brake's product 
 
 wild, 
 Sloes pounded, Iiips, and servis' harshest juice. 
 
 Philips. 
 It must needs be some exteriour cause, and the 
 brisk acting uf some objects without me, whose ef- 
 ficacy I cannot resist. Locke. 
 
 3. Vivid; bright. This is not used. 
 
 Objects apjieared much darker, because niv 
 instrument was overcharged ; had it magni- 
 nified thirty or twenty-five times, it bad made 
 the object appear more brisk and pleasant. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 B R I 
 
 up 
 
 To Brisk up. v, n. To come 
 
 briskly. 
 Brisket, n. s. [brichet, Fr.] The breast 
 
 of an animal. 
 See that none of the wool be wanting, that theii 
 
 gums be red, teeth white and even, and the 
 
 briiket skin red. Mortimer. 
 
 Bri'skly. adv. [from brisk.] Actively; 
 
 vigorously. 
 
 We have seen the air in the bladder suddenly 
 expand itself so much, and so briskly, that it roa- 
 nitestly lifted up some light bodies that leaned 
 upon it. Boyle, 
 
 I could plainly perceive the creature to suc£ in 
 many of the most minute animalcula, that were 
 swirnming briskly about in the water. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Bri'skness. n.s. [from brisk.] 
 
 1. Liveliness; vigour; quickness. 
 
 Some remains of corruption, though they do 
 not conquer and extinguish, yet will slacken and 
 allay, the vigour and OTTifcncAs of the renewed 
 principle. South. 
 
 2. Gayety. 
 
 But the most distinguishing part of his charac- 
 ter seems to me to be his briskjiess, his jollity, and 
 his good-humour. Dryden. 
 
 BRISTLE, n. s. [briftl. Sax.] The stiff 
 hair of swine. 
 
 I will not open ray lips so wide as a bristle may 
 enter. Shakesp. 
 
 He is covered with hair, and not, as the boar, 
 with bristles, which probably spend more upon 
 the same matter, which, in other creatures, makes 
 the horns ; for bristles seem to be nothing else but 
 a horn split into a multitude of little ones. OTeu: 
 
 Two boars w hom love to battle draws. 
 With rising 6rirt/es, and with frothy jaws. 
 Their adverse breasts with tusks oblique they 
 wound. Dryden. 
 
 To Bri'stle. r. a. [from the noun.] ' To 
 erect in bristles. 
 
 Now for the bare pickt bone of majesty. 
 Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest. 
 And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace. 
 
 Shahetp. 
 Wliich makes liim plume himself, and bristle up 
 The crest of youtli against your dignity. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Bri'stle. t. w. To stand erect as 
 bristles. 
 
 Be it ounce, or cat, or bear, 
 Pard, or boar witli bristled hair. 
 In th^' eye that shall appear. 
 When thou wak'st, it is thy dear. Shakesp. 
 
 Stood 1 heodore surpriz d in deadly fright, 
 With chatt'ring teeth, and bristling hair upright ; 
 Yet arm'd with inborn worth. Dryden. 
 
 Tliy hair so bristles with umuanly fears. 
 As fields of corn that rise in bearcied ears. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Bristle a thread. To fix a bristle 
 
 to it. 
 Bri'stly. adj, [from bristif ] Thick set 
 
 with bristles. 
 
 The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat 
 bristly, which may lielp to preserve llie dew-. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 If the eye were so acute as to rival the finest 
 
 microscope, tlie sight of our own selves would 
 
 afl'right us ; the smoothest skin would be beset 
 
 with rugged scales and bristlu hairs. Bentley. 
 
 'I lius maslful beech the bristly c'esmit bears. 
 And tlie wild ash is white with bloomy pears. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The careful master of the swine. 
 Forth hasted he to tend his bristled care. Pope. 
 Bri'stol stone, a kind of soft dia- 
 mond found in a rock near the city of 
 Bristol. 
 
 Of this kind of crystal are the better and larger 
 sort of Bristol stones, and the Kerrv Stones vf 
 Ireland. ' ir«wduwd. 
 
 229
 
 B R O 
 
 Brit. n. s. The name of a fish. 
 
 The pilcliards were wont to pursue the brit, 
 
 ujion whicli the^* feed, into the havens. Carew. 
 
 To Brite. i V, n. Barley, wheat, oi 
 
 To Bright, j hops, are said to brite, 
 
 when they grow over-ripe. 
 BRITTLE, adj, [biiirran, Saxon.] Fra- 
 gile; apt to break; not tough. 
 
 The wood of vines is very durable ; lliough 
 no tree hath the twigs, while they are green, so 
 itnttie, yet the wood dried is extreraely toueh. 
 
 nacoit. 
 From earth all came, to earth must all return, 
 Frail as the cord, and brittle as the urn. Prior. 
 
 Of airy pomp, and fleeting joys, 
 What does the busv world cinicjude at best. 
 But brittle goods, tliat break like glass ? Granville 
 If the stunc is brittle, it will often crumble, and 
 pass in the form uf gravel. Arbuthnot 
 
 Bri'ttleness. 71. s. [from brittle.] Apt- 
 ness to break; fragility, 
 
 A wit quick without brightness, sharp without 
 hrittleness. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Artificers, in the tempering of steel, bj' hold- 
 ing it but a minute or two longer or lesser in the 
 flame, give it very differing tempers, as to brittle- 
 ness or toughness. Boyle. 
 
 Brize. n. s. The gadfly. 
 
 . A brlze, a scorned little creature. 
 Through his fair hide his angry sting did threaten. 
 
 Speme 
 
 BROACH, W.5. [troche, French.] 
 
 1. A spit. 
 
 He was taken into service to a base office in 
 his kitchen ; so that he turned a broach, that had 
 worn a crown. Bacons Henry VII. 
 
 Whose ofl^red entrails shall his crime reproach. 
 And drip their fatness from the hazle broach. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. A musical instrument, the sounds of 
 which are made by turning round a 
 handle. Diet. 
 
 3. [With hunters.] A start of the head 
 of a young stag, growing sharp like the 
 end of a spit. Diet, 
 
 To Broach, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To spit ; to pierce as with a spit. 
 
 Were now tlie general of our gracious empress. 
 As in good time he may, from Frcland coming, 
 Bringing rel)ellion broached on his sword. Shakesp. 
 
 He felled men as one would mow liay, and 
 sometinies broached a great number of them upon 
 his pike, as one would carry little birds spitted 
 upim a stick. HakewiU. 
 
 2. To pierce a vessel in order to draw the 
 liquor; to tap. 
 
 55. To open any store. 
 
 1 will notably- provide, that you shall want nei- 
 ther weapons, victuals, nor aid ; I will open the 
 old armouries, I will broach my store, and bring 
 forth my stores. Knolles. 
 
 4. To let out any thing. 
 
 And now the field of death, the lists. 
 Were eiiter'd by antagonists, 
 And blood was ready to be broach^d^ 
 Wlien Hudibras in haste approach'd. Hudibras. 
 
 5. To give out, or utter any thing. 
 
 Tliis errour, tliat Pison was Ganges, was first 
 broached bv Ju!>ephus. Raleigh. 
 
 Those wlio were the chief instruments of raismg 
 the noise, made use of those very opinions them- 
 selves hud broached, for arguments to prove that 
 the change of ministers was dange-rous. 
 
 Swift's Exam. 
 
 Bro'acher. 71. s. [from ftroflcA.] 
 1. A spit. 
 
 The youth approach'd the fire, and, as it 
 
 hurn'd. 
 On five sharp broacher$ rank'd, llie roast they 
 
 turn'd ; 
 These morsels stay'd their stomachs. Dryden. 
 
 B R O 
 
 2. An opener, or utterer of any thing; 
 the first author. 
 
 There is much pride and vanity hi the affecta- 
 tion of being the first broacher'vi an heretical 
 opinion. L' Estrange. 
 
 Numerous parties denominale themselves, not 
 from the grand Autlior and Finisher of our faith, 
 but from the first broacher of their idolized opi- 
 nions. Decay of Pictv. 
 
 This opinion is commonly, but falsely, ascribed 
 to Aristotle, not as its first broacher, but as its 
 ablest patron. Cheyne. 
 
 BROAD, adj. [b/iab, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Wide; extended in breadth, distin- 
 guished from length ; not narrow. 
 
 The weeds that his broad spreading leaves did 
 
 shelter 
 
 Are puU'd up, root and all. Shakesp. 
 
 The top may be justly said to grow broader, as 
 
 the bottom narrower. Temple. 
 
 Of all your knowledge this vain fruit you liave. 
 
 To walk with eyes broad open to your grave. 
 
 Dryden. 
 So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow, 
 With vigour drawn, must send the shaft below. 
 The bottom was full twenty fathom broad. Dryd. 
 
 He launch'd the fierv bolt from pole to pole, 
 Broad burst the lightnhigs, deep the thunders roll. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Large. 
 
 To keep him at a distance from falseliood, and 
 cuiming, which has always a broad mixture of 
 falsehood ; this is the fittest preparation of a child 
 for wisdom. Locke. 
 
 3. Clear ; open ; not sheltered ; not afford- 
 ing concealment. 
 
 In mean time he, with cunnino- to conceal 
 All thought of tliis from others, Tiimself bore 
 In broadhoMse, with the wooers, us before. Chap. 
 It no longer seeks the shelter of niglit aiid dark- 
 ness, but appears in the broadest light. 
 
 Decay of' Pictij- 
 If children were left alone in the dark, they 
 would be no more afraid than in broad sunsliine. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Gross ; coarse. 
 
 The reeve and the miller are distin^^uished from 
 each other, as much as the lady prioress and the 
 fcroad-speaking gap-tooth'd wife of Bath. Drijd. 
 
 Love made nim doubt his broad barbarian sound ; 
 By love, his want of words and wit he found. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 If open vice be what you drive at, 
 A name so broad we'll ne'er connive at. Dryden. 
 
 The broadest mirth unfeeling folly wears. 
 Less pleasing far than virtue's very tears. Pope. 
 
 Room for my lord ! three jockeys in his train : 
 Six huntsmen with a shout precede his cliair; 
 He grins, and looks broad nonsense with a stare. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. Obscene; fulsome; tending to obsce- 
 nity. 
 
 As chaste and modest as he is esteemed, it can- 
 not be denied, but in some places he is broad and 
 fulsome. Dri^dcn. 
 
 Though now arraign'd, he read with some de- 
 light; 
 Because he seems to chew tlic cud again, 
 When his broad comment makes the le.\t too plain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 6. Bold; not delicate; not reserved. 
 
 Whocanspeak /*roflrffrthan he that has no house 
 to put his head in? Such may rail against great 
 buiidincs. Shakesp. 
 
 From broad words, and 'cause he falTd 
 His presence at the tyrant's feast, 1 hear, 
 Macdurt' I'lves in disgrace. Shakesp. 
 
 Broad as long. Equal upon the Avhole. 
 
 The mobile are still for leveiling ; that is to say, 
 f(»r advancing themselves : fur it is as Imiadas long, 
 whether they rise to others, or bring others down 
 to them. ' VEstrangc. 
 
 Broad-cloth. ??. s. [from broad and 
 cloth.] A fine kind of cloth. 
 
 B R O 
 
 Thus, a wise taylor is not pinching 
 But turns at ev'ry scam an inch in : 
 Or else, be sure, your broad-cloth breeches 
 Will ne'er be smooth, nor hold their stitches. Swift. 
 
 Broad-eyed. adj. [from broad and eye.} 
 Having a wide survey. 
 
 In despite o( brmd-eyed watchful day, 
 I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts : 
 But, ah! I will not. Shaheip. 
 
 Broad-leaved, adj. [from broad and 
 leaf.l Having broad leaves. 
 Narrow and hroad-leuved Cyprus grass. 
 
 IVooaward on Fossils. 
 To Bro'aden. I', n. [from broad.] To grow 
 broad. I know not whether this word 
 occurs, but ill the following passage. 
 
 Low walks the sun, and broadens by degrees, 
 
 Just o'er the verge of day. Thomson. 
 
 Bro'adly. adv. [from broad.] Ina broad 
 
 manner. 
 Bro'adness. n. s. [from broad^ 
 
 1 . Breadth ; extent from side to side. 
 
 2. Coarseness ; fulsomeness. 
 
 1 have used the cleanest metaphor I could find, 
 to palliate the broadness of the meaning. Drijden. 
 
 Bro'adshouldered. adj. [from broad 
 
 and shoulder.] Having a large space 
 
 between the shoulders. 
 
 Big-bon'd, and large of limbs, with sinews 
 
 strong ; 
 
 Broadshoulder'd, and his arms were round and long. 
 
 Dryden. 
 I am a tall, broadshmddered, impudent, black fel- 
 low ; and, as I thought, every way qualitied for a 
 rich widow. Spectator. 
 
 Bro'adside. n. s. [from broad and side.] 
 
 1. The side of a ship, distinct from the 
 head or stern. 
 
 From vaster hopes than this he seem'd to fall, 
 That durst attempt the British admiral : 
 From her broadsides a ruder flame is thrown, 
 Thau from the fiery chariot of the sun. Waller. 
 
 2. The volley of shot fired at once from 
 the side of a ship. 
 
 3. [In printing.] A sheet of paper con- 
 taining one large page. 
 
 Bro'adsword. n. s. [from broad and 
 sword.] A cutting sword, with a broad 
 blade. 
 
 He, in fighting a duel, was run through the thigh 
 with a broadsword. Wiseman. 
 
 Bro'adwise. adv. [from broad and tcise.] 
 According to the direction of the 
 breadth. 
 
 If one should, with his hand, thrust a piece of 
 iron broadwise against a flat cieling of his chamber, 
 the iron would not fall as long as the force of the 
 hand perseveres to press against it. Boyle. 
 
 BROCA'DE. n. s. [brocado, Span.] A 
 silken stuff, variegated with colours of 
 gold or silver. 
 
 I have the convcnicncy of buying and importing 
 rich brocades. Spectator. 
 
 Or stain licr honour, or lier new brocade ; 
 Forget her pray'rs, or miss a masquerade. Po; e, 
 
 Broca'ded. adj. [from brocade.] 
 
 1. Drest in brocade. 
 
 2. Woven in the manner of a brocade. 
 
 Should you the rich brocaded suit unfold. 
 Where rismg flow'rs grow stilf with frosted gold. 
 
 Cay. 
 
 Bro'cage n. s. [from broke.] 
 
 1. The gain gotten by promoting bargains. 
 
 Yet sure his honesty 
 Got him small gaine, but shameless flattery, 
 And iilthy brocage, and unseemly shifts. 
 And borrow base, and some good ladies gifts. Spens. 
 
 2. The hii-e given for any imlawful office. 
 
 •:30
 
 B R O 
 
 As for the politick and wholesome laws, they 
 were interpreted to be but brocage of an usurer, 
 thereby to woo and win the hearts of the people. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 8. The trade of dealing in old things ; the 
 trade of a broker. 
 
 Poor poet ape, that would be thought our chief, 
 Whose works are e'en the frippery of wit, 
 From brocage is become so bold a thief,^ 
 As we, the robb'd, leave rage, and pity it. B. Jms. 
 
 4. The transaction of business for other 
 
 men. 
 
 So much as the quantity of money is lessened, so 
 much must the share of every one that has a right 
 to this money be the less; whether he be land- 
 holder, for his goods ; or labourer, for his hire ; or 
 merchant, for his brocage. Locke. 
 
 BROCCOLI, n. s. [Italian.] A species 
 
 of cabbage. 
 
 Content with little, I can piddle here 
 On broccoli and mutton round the year ; 
 But ancient friends, tbo' poor or out of pay. 
 That touch my bell, I cannot turn away. Pope. 
 
 To Broche. See To Broach. 
 
 So Geoifry of BonUion, at one draught of his 
 bow, shooting against David's tower in Jerusalem, 
 broached three feetless birds. Camden. 
 
 Brock. ?i. s. [bpoc, Saxon.] A badger. 
 Bro'cket. n. s. A red deer, two years 
 
 old. 
 Brogue, n. s. [brog, Irish.] 
 
 1 . A kind of shoe. 
 
 I thought he slept ; and put 
 My clouted brogues from off my feet, whose rude- 
 ness 
 Answer "d my steps too loud. Siiakesp. 
 
 Sometimes it is given out, that we must either 
 take these halfpence, or eat our brogues. Swift. 
 
 2. A cant word for a corrupt dialect, or 
 manner of pronunciation. 
 
 His brogue will detect mine. Farquhar, 
 
 To BRO'[DER. r. a. [hrodir, Fr.] To 
 adorn with figures of needle work. 
 A robe, and a broidered coat, and a girdle. 
 
 Exodus. 
 Infant Albion lay 
 In mantles broider'd o'er with gorgeous pride. 
 
 Tickeil. 
 Bro'idery. n. s. [from broider.1 Em- 
 broidery ; flower-work ; additional or- 
 naments wrought upon cloth. 
 
 The golden broidery tender I\Iilkah wove, 
 The breast to Kenna sacred, and to love. 
 Lie rent and mangled. Tickeil. 
 
 BROIL, n. s. [brouiller, Fr.] A tumult; 
 a quarrel. 
 
 Sav to the king thy knowledge of the broil, 
 As tfiou didst leawe it. Shakesp. 
 
 He has sent the sword both of civil bivils, and 
 public war, amongst us. Wake. 
 
 Rude were their revels, and obscene tlieir joys ; 
 The broils of drunkards, and the lust of boys. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 To BROIL. V. a. [bniler, Fr.] To dress 
 or cook by laying on the coals, or before 
 the fire. 
 
 Some strip the skin, some portion out the spoil, 
 Some on the fire the reeking entrails broil. Vryd. 
 
 To Broil, v. n. To be in the heat. 
 
 V. here have you have been broiling ? 
 
 Among tlie crowd i' th' abbey, where a finger 
 
 Could not be wefW'd in more. Sbake^. 
 
 Long ere now all the planets and comets liad 
 
 been broiling in the sun, bad the world lasted fr<»ni 
 
 all eternity. Chejjne. 
 
 To BROKE, v.n. [of uncertain etj'mology. 
 Skinntr seems inclined to derive it from 
 To break, because broken men turn fac- 
 tors or brokers. Casaubon, from •erfarltu. 
 Skinner thinks, again, that it may be con 
 traded from procurer. Mr. Li/e more 
 
 B R O 
 
 probably deduces it from bpuccan. Sax. 
 to be busy.] To transact business for 
 others, or by others. It is used generally 
 in reproach. 
 
 He does, indeed. 
 And brokes with all that can, in such a suit, 
 Conru|it the lender lionour of a maid. Shakesjt. 
 The gains of bargains are of a more doubtful na- 
 ture, wnen men should wait upon others necessity ; 
 broke by servants and instruiuents to draw them 
 on. Bacon. 
 
 Bro'king. pariicip. adj. Practised by 
 brokers. 
 
 Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown, 
 Wipe off tlie dust that hides our sceptre's eilt. 
 
 Siiakesp. 
 Bro'ken, \^particip. pass, of break.] 
 
 Preserve men's wits from being broken with the 
 very bent of so long attention. Hooker. 
 
 Bro'ken meat. Fragments; meat that 
 has been cut. 
 
 Get three or fuur chairwomen to attend you 
 constantly in the kitchen, whom you pay at small 
 charges ; only with the broken meat, a /cw coals, 
 and all the cinders. Snift. 
 
 Bro'kenhearted. adj. [from broken 
 and heart.'] Having the spirits crushed 
 by grief or fear. 
 He liath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted. 
 
 Isaiah. 
 
 Brokenly, adv. [from broken.] With- 
 out any regular series. 
 
 Sir Richard Hopkins hath done somewhat of 
 this kind, but brokeidvund glancingly ; intending 
 chieliy a discourse of his own voyage. Hakeuill. 
 Bro'ker, n. s, [from To broke.] 
 
 1. A factor; one that does business for ano- 
 ther; onethat makes bargains for another. 
 
 Brokers, who, having no stock of their own, set 
 up and trade with that of other men; buying 
 here, and selling there, and commonly abusing both 
 sides, to make out a little paultry gain. Temple. 
 
 Some South-sea broker, from tlie city, 
 Will purchase me, the more's the pity ; 
 Lay all my fine plantations waste. 
 To fit them to his vulgar taste. Swiji. 
 
 2. One who deals in old household goods. 
 
 3. A pimp ; a match-maker. 
 
 A goodly broker ! 
 Dare you presume to harbour wanton lines ; 
 To wHisper and conspire against my youth ? Shak. 
 In chusing for yourself, 3'ou shew d your judg- 
 ment ; 
 Which being shallow, you shall give roe leave 
 To play the broker in mine own behalf. Skakcsp. 
 
 Bro'kerage. n. s. [from broker.] The 
 pay or reward of a broker. See Bro- 
 cage. 
 
 Bro'nchocele. n. s. [^^oyxoK^Xn.] A 
 tumour of that part of the aspera arteria, 
 called the bronchus. Qiiincy. 
 
 Bro'nchial. 1 adj.l^^oya^.] Belonging 
 
 Bro'nchick. I to the throat. 
 
 Inflammation of the lungs may happen cither in 
 the bronchial ur pulmonary vessels, and may soon 
 be coiumunicated from oue to the other, when the 
 inflammation atfects botti the lobes. Arbtithnot. 
 
 BroNCHo'tOMY. 71. S. [^^oyx'^andrifxi/u.] 
 That operation which opens the wind- 
 pipe by incision, to prevent suffocation 
 in a quinsey. Quincy. 
 
 The operation oi hronchotomy is an incision into 
 the aspera arteria, to make way for the air into 
 the lungs, when respiration is oDstructed by any 
 tumour compressing the larynx. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 Brond. 71. s. See Brand. A sword. 
 
 Foolish old man, then, said the pagan wrotli, 
 That weenest words or charms may force with- 
 stand: 
 
 B R O 
 
 Soon shalt thou see, and then believe for troth. 
 That I can carve with this enchanted brand. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Bronto'logy. n. s, [^fotrh and ^»yU.] 
 A dissertation upon thunder. Uict. 
 
 Bronze, n.s. [bronze, Fr.] 
 
 1, Brass. 
 
 Imbrown'd with native bronze, lo ! Henley 
 stands. 
 Tuning his voice, and balancing his hands. Pope. 
 
 2, Relief, or statue, cast in brass. 
 
 I view with anger and disdain, 
 How Uttle eives thee joy or pain ; 
 A print, a bronze, a flower, a root, 
 A shell, a butlertly can do 'l. Prior, 
 
 BROOCH, n. s. [broke, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A jewel; an ornament of jewels. 
 
 Ay, marry, our chains and our jewels.— 
 Your brooches, pearl, and owches. Shakesp. 
 
 Richly suited, but unseasonable; just like tht 
 brooch and the toothpick, which we wear not now. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I know him well ; he is the brooch, indeed, 
 Ajid gem of all the nation. SIiokc^. 
 
 2. [With painters ] A painting all of 
 one colour. Diet. 
 
 To Brooch, r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 adorn with jewels. 
 
 Not th' imperious sliow 
 Of the fuU-fortun'd Ccesar, ever shall 
 Be brooch^d with me. Skakesp. 
 
 To BROOD r. w. [bpa&dan, Sax.] 
 
 1, To sit as on eggs ; to hatch them. 
 
 Thou from the first 
 Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread, 
 Dove-like sat'st brooding on the vast abyss. 
 And raad'st it pregnant. Miiton. 
 
 Here nature sprtads her fruitful sweetness round. 
 Breathes on the air, and broods upon the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To cover chickens under the wing. 
 
 Exalted hence, and drunk with secret joy. 
 Their young succession all their cares employ; 
 They breed, they brood, instruct, and educate ; 
 Ajid make provision for the future state. Dryden. 
 
 Find out some uncouth cell, 
 Where //rooming darkness spreads her jealouswings, 
 And the night raven sings. MUton. 
 
 3. To remain long in anxiety, or solicitous 
 thought. 
 
 Defraud their clients, and, to lucre sold, 
 Sit brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden. 
 
 As rejoicing misers 
 Brood o'er their precious stores of secret gold. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 4, To mature any thing by care. 
 
 It was the opinion of Clinias, as if there were 
 ever amongst nations a brooding of a war, and that 
 there is no sure league but impuissance to do hurt. 
 
 Bacon . 
 
 To Brood, r. a. To cherish by care. 
 
 Of crowds afraid, yet anxious when alone. 
 You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Brood, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Offspring; progeny. It is now hardly 
 used of human beings, but in contempt. 
 
 Tlie heavenly fatlier keep his brood 
 From foul infection of so great a vice. FaijJ'ai. 
 With terrours and with clamours conipass'd 
 round, 
 Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Or any other of that heavenly broody 
 
 Let dow"n in cloudy throne to do the world some 
 
 good. MUton. 
 
 .^liau discourses of storks, and their affection 
 
 toward their brood, whom they instruct to fly. 
 
 5a>u7i's Vulgar £rron^. 
 
 2. Thing bred ; species generate, 
 
 231
 
 B R O 
 
 Have you forgotten Lybia's burmng wastes, 
 Its barren rocks, patch'dcartli, and IiHIs of sand, 
 Its tainted air, and all its hivaU of poison ? Addis. 
 
 3. A hatch ; tlie number hatched at once. 
 I ivas wonderfully pleased to see the different 
 
 workings of instinct in a hen followed by a krood 
 of ducks. Spectator. 
 
 4. Sometliing brought forth; aproduction. 
 Such things become the hatch and brood of time. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 5. The act of covering the eg^s. 
 
 Something 's in his soul. 
 O'er which his melancholy sits on brood ; 
 And I doubt the hatcli and the disclose 
 Will be some danger. Shakesp. 
 
 Bro'ody. adj. [from brood.] In a state 
 of sitting on the eggs ; inclined to sit. 
 
 Theconnnonhen, all the while she hhoodii, sits, 
 and leads her chickens, and uses a voice which 
 we call clocking. ^^QJ/- 
 
 Brook . n. s. [bjioc, or bpoca, Sax.] A 
 running water, less than a river. 
 
 A substitute shines brightly as a king, 
 Until a king be by ; and then his stale 
 Empties itself, as' doth au inland brook 
 Into the main of waters. Shakesp. 
 
 Or many grateful altars I would rear 
 Of grassy "turf; and pile up every stone 
 Of lustre from the brook ; in memory. 
 Of monument to ages. i\Ji/(i»i. 
 
 And to Cephisus' brook their way pursue : 
 The stream was troubled, but the ford they knew. 
 
 Drydcii. 
 
 Springs make little rivulets ; those united, make 
 brooks; and tliose coming together, make rivers, 
 which empty themselves nito the sea. Locke. 
 
 To BROOK. I', a. [bpucan. Sax.] To 
 bear ; to endure ; to support. 
 
 Even they, « hicli brook it worst that men should 
 tell them o"f their duties, when they are told the 
 same by a law, think very well and reasonably of 
 it^ Hooker. 
 
 A thousand more mischances than this one 
 Have learned me to brook this patiently. Shakesp. 
 
 How use doth breed a habit in a ninn ! 
 This shadowy desart, unfrequented woods, 
 1 better brook than flourishing peopled towns. Shak. 
 
 Heav'ii, the seat of bliss, 
 Brooks not the works of violence and war. Milton. 
 
 Most men can much rather brook their being 
 reputed knaves, than for their honesty be account- 
 ed fools. . . South. 
 
 Restraint thou will not brook ; but think it hard. 
 Your prudence is not trusted as your o-uard. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 To Brook, v. n. To endure ; to be 
 content. 
 
 He, in these wars, had flatly refused his aid ; 
 because he could not brook that the worthy prince 
 Plangus was, by his chosen Tiridates, preferred 
 before him. Sidney. 
 
 Bro'oklime. n. s. [becabitnga, Lat.] A 
 sort of water speedwell, very common 
 in ditches. 
 
 BROOM. 71. s. [genista ; bpom, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A small tree. 
 
 Ev'n humble broom and osiers have their use. 
 And shade for sheep, aitd food for flocks, produce. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A besom ; so called from the matter of 
 which it is sometimes made. 
 
 Not a mouse 
 Shall disturb this hallow "d house; 
 I am sent with broom before. 
 To sweep the dust behind the door. Shake.^p. 
 
 If they came into ihe best apartment, to set any 
 thing in order, they were saluted with a broom. 
 
 Arbnthngt. 
 
 Bro'omland. n. s. [broom and latid.] 
 Land that bears broom. 
 
 1 have known sheep cured of the rot, when they 
 have not been far gone mth it, by being put into 
 broomlands. Mortimer. 
 
 B R O 
 
 Bro'omstaff. n. s. [from broom and 
 staff.] The staft' to which the broofn is 
 bound; the handle of a besom. 
 
 They fell on ; I made good my place : at length 
 they came to the broomsfu//' with me : I defied 'em 
 still. Shakesp. 
 
 Krfim the age 
 The children tread this worldly stage, 
 Hroomstaff' or poker they bestride. 
 And roulid the parlour love to ride. Pritn-. 
 
 Sir Roger pointed at something behind tile door, 
 which I found to be an old broomstajf. Spectator. 
 
 Bro'omstick. n. s. The same as broom- 
 
 stair. 
 
 When I beheld this, I sighed, and said within 
 myself, Sukely mortal ]\Ian is a BnooM- 
 STicK ! Swift's Mcditatiom on a Broomstick. 
 
 Bro'omy. adj. [from broom.] Full of 
 broom. 
 
 If land grow mossy or broomy, then break it up 
 
 again. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 The youth with /'roomy stumps began to trace 
 The kennel edge, wliere wheels had worn the 
 place. Swift. 
 
 Broth, n. s. [bjioS, Sax.] Liquor in 
 which flesh is boiled. 
 
 You may make the i/roth for two days, and take 
 the one half every day. Bacon. 
 
 Instead of light deserts and luscious froth. 
 Our author treats tu-night with Spartan broth. 
 
 Soittherne. 
 If a nurse, after being sucked dry, eats broth. 
 the infant will suck the broth, almost unaltered. 
 
 Arlnithnot. 
 
 Bro'thel. \ n. s. [bordel, Fr.] 
 
 Bro'thelhouse. 3 A house of lewd 
 entertaimnent ; a bawdy-house. 
 
 Perchance 
 I saw him enter such a house of sale, 
 Videlicit, a brothel. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Then courts of kings were held in high renown, 
 Kre made the connnun brothels of the town : 
 Their virgins honourable vowsreceiv'd. 
 But chaste as maids in monasteries liv'd. Dryden. 
 
 From its old ruins brothelhouses rise, 
 Scenes of lewd loves and of pollutted joys. Dryden. 
 
 The libertine retires to the stews and to the bro- 
 thel, liogers. 
 
 BROTHER, n.s. [bpo^Sen, bpoSop, Sax.] 
 Plural, brothers, or brethren. 
 
 1 . One born of the same father and mother. 
 
 Be sad, good brothers ; 
 Sorrow so royally in you appears. 
 That I will deeply init the fashion on. Shakesp. 
 
 Whilst kin their Kin, brother the brother foils. 
 Like ensigns all against like ensigns bend. Daniel. 
 
 These two are brethren, Adam, and to come 
 Out of thy loins. Milton. 
 
 Comparing two men, in reference to one com- 
 mon parent, it is very easy to form the ideas of 
 brothers. _ Locke. 
 
 2. Any one closely united ; associate. 
 We few, we happy few, we band of brother's ; 
 
 For he to-day that sheds his blood with me, 
 Shall be my 'drolAcr. _ Shakesp. 
 
 3. Any one resembling another in manner, 
 form, or profession. 
 
 He also that is slothful in his work, is brother to 
 him that is a great wasler. Frooerbs. 
 
 I will cat no meat while the world standoth,lesl 
 I make my brother to ofl'eud. Corinthians. 
 
 4. Brother is used, in theological language, 
 for man in general. 
 
 Bro'therhood. n. s. [trombrother and 
 
 hood.] 
 1. The state or quality of being a brother. 
 This deep disgrace o( brotherhood 
 Touches me deeper than you can imagine. Shak. 
 Finds brotherhood in thee no sharper spur .' 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 So it be a right to govern, whether you call it 
 
 supreme fatherliood, or supreme brotherhood, w-ill 
 
 be all one, provided we know who has it. 
 
 B R O 
 
 2. An association of men for any purpose ; 
 a fraternity. 
 
 'I'here was a fraternity of men at arms, called 
 the brotherhood of St. George, erected by parlia- 
 ment, consisting of thirteen the most noble and 
 worthy persons. Davies. 
 
 3. A class of men of the same kind. 
 
 He was sometimes so engaged among the wheels, 
 that not above half the poet appeared; at other 
 times, he became as conspicuous as any of the 
 brotherhood. Addison. 
 
 Brotherly, adj. [from brother.] Na- 
 tural ; such as becomes or beseems a 
 brother. 
 
 He was a priest, and looked for a priest's re- 
 ward ; which was our brotherly love, and the good 
 of our souls and bodies. Bucoit. 
 
 Though more our money than our cause 
 I'heir brotherlti assistance draws. Deithom. 
 
 They would not go before the laws, hut follow 
 them ; obeying their superiours, and embracing 
 one another in brotherly piety and concord. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Bro'therly. adv. After the manner 
 of a brother ; with kindness and affec- 
 tion. 
 
 I speak but brotherly of him ; but should I ana- 
 tomize him to thee as he is, I must blush and 
 weep. Shakesp. 
 
 Brought, [participle passive of bring.] 
 
 The Turks forsook the walls, and could not be 
 brought again to the assault. Knolles. 
 
 The instances brought by our author are but 
 slender proofs. Locke. 
 
 BROW. n. s. [briopa, Saxon.] 
 
 1. The arch of hair over the eye. 
 
 'Tis now the liour which all to rest allow. 
 And sleep sits heavy upon every brow. Dryden. 
 
 2. I'he forehead. 
 
 She could have run, and waddled about ; 
 For even the day before she broke her brow. Shak. 
 
 So we s<uue aiitique hero's strength 
 Learn by his launce's weight and length ; 
 As these vast beams express the beast 
 Whose shady (irons alive they drest. Waller. 
 
 3. The general air of the countenance. 
 Then call them to our presence, face to face. 
 
 And frowning brow to brow. Shakesp, 
 
 Though airthings foul would bear the 6rouis of 
 grace, 
 Yet grace must look still so. Shakesp. 
 
 4. The edge of any high place. 
 The earl, nothing dismayed, came forwards that 
 
 day unto a little village, called Stoke, and there 
 encamped that night, upon the brow or hanging of 
 a hill. . ^"i""- 
 
 On the brow of the hill, beyond that city, they 
 were somewhat perplexed by espying the French 
 embassador, with the king s coach, and others 
 attending him. Wotton. 
 
 Tliem, with fire, and hostile arras. 
 Fearless assault ; and to the brow of heav'n 
 Pursuing, drive them out from God and bliss. 
 
 ° Milton. 
 
 a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 Locke. 
 
 To Brow, v 
 bound ; to liiTiit ; to be at the edge of. 
 
 Tending my flocks hard by, i' th' hilly crofts 
 That brow this bottom glade. Milton. 
 
 To Bro'wbeat. v. a. [from brow and 
 beat.] To depress with severe brows, 
 and stern or lofty looks. 
 
 It is not for a magistrate to frown upon, and 
 browbeat, those who are hearty and exact in theit 
 ministry ; and, with a grave nod, to call a resolved 
 zeal want of prudence. South, 
 
 What man will voluntarily expose himself to the 
 imperious browbeatings and scorns of great men .' 
 
 ■^ L' Estrange. 
 
 Count Tariff endeavo\ired to browbeat the pla'&i- 
 tiff, while he was speaking ; but though he was 
 not so impudent as the count, he was every whit 
 as sturdy. 
 
 Aadiion. 
 
 232
 
 B R O 
 
 1 will not be brow-be'iten by the supercilious 
 
 looks of my adversaries. Arbuthiiot and Pope. 
 
 Bro'wbound. of/J. [from brotv and 
 
 bound.] Crowned; having the head 
 
 encircled as with a diadem. 
 
 In llmt (lay's fratSf 
 He prov'd t!ie best luaii i* th' ilcid ; and, for his 
 meed, 
 Was hrotc-bound with iheoak. Shakc!^. 
 
 Bro'wsick. adj. [from brptv and sick.] 
 Dejected ; hanginfj^ the head. 
 
 But vet a gracious influence from you 
 !^Iay after nature in our browsick crew. Suckling. 
 
 BROWN. a(/j\ [hjMUh Sax.] The name 
 of a colour, compounded of black and 
 any other colour. 
 
 Broun, in liigh Dutch, is calli-d bratin ; in the 
 Netlierlands, bruyan ; in Vrench, cole ur brune ; in 
 Italian, briino. Peacham. 
 
 I like the new tire within excellently, if the 
 hair were a little broicver. Sbakesp. 
 
 From whrnce hl^h Ithaca o'erlooks the floods, 
 
 Brown w iiii o'ercharging shades and pendent 
 
 woods. Pojie. 
 
 Long untraveil'd heaths, 
 
 Witli desolation brown, he \vanders waste. TJwms. 
 
 Bro'wnbill. n. s. [from hnncn and bill.] 
 The ancient weapon of the English foot ; 
 why it is callc'd broum, I have not dis- 
 covered ; but we now say brozvn musket 
 from it. 
 
 And broicnbills, levied in the city, 
 Made bills to pass the grand coninutice. HtuUhras. 
 
 Bro'vvnish. a(Ij\ [from brown,] Some- 
 what brown. 
 
 A brownish grey iron-stone, .lying in thin strata, 
 is poor, but runs freely. Woodward. 
 
 Bro'wnness. «, $. [from brozvn.] A 
 brown colour. 
 
 She would confess the contention in her own 
 mind, between that lovely, indeed most lovely, 
 broicnnessof Musidorus's Tice, and this colour of 
 mine. Sidney. 
 
 Bro'wnstudy. 71. s. [from brown and 
 stud]/.] Gloomy meditations; study in 
 which we dii'ect our thoughts to no cer- 
 tain point. 
 
 They live retired, and then they doze away 
 their time in drowsiness and ^rott/ts/udiVi; or, If 
 brisk and active, they lay themselves out wholly 
 in making common jtfaccs. Norris. 
 
 To BROWSE. V. a. [brouser, Fr.] To 
 eat branches, or shrubs. 
 
 And being down, is trod in tlic diit 
 Of cattle, and broitsc(i, and sorely hurt. Spenser. 
 
 Ilijf pahite tlien di(^ deign 
 The roughest i-erry on the rudest hedge : 
 Yea, like the stag, when snow the paslure sheets, 
 The barks of trees thou brousedst. Shakesp. 
 
 To Browse, r. n. To feed ; it is used 
 with the particle on. 
 
 They have scar'd away two of my best sheep ; 
 if any where I have them, 'tis by the sea-side, 
 brmcsing on ivy. Shaliesp. 
 
 A goat, hard pressed, took sanctuary in a vine- 
 yard ; so soon as he thought the danger over, he 
 fellpresently a ftmu'A-iH^»;w» the leaves. L' Estrange. 
 
 Could eat the tender plant, and, by degrees, 
 Brouse on the shrubs, and crop the budding trees. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 The Greeks were the descendants of savages, 
 ignorant cf agriculture, and browsing on herbage, 
 like cattle. . . . •= 
 
 Arbuthuot. 
 
 Browse, n.s. [from the verb.] Branches, 
 or shrubs, fit for the food of goats, or 
 other animals. 
 
 The greedy lioness the wolf pursues. 
 The wolf the kid, the wanton kid tlie browse. 
 
 Dryden. 
 <-)n that cloud-piercing-hill, 
 yiinlimmon, from afar, the traveller kens, 
 
 VOL.-I. 
 
 B R U 
 
 Astonish*d, how the goats their shrubby browse 
 Gnaw pendent. Philips. 
 
 To BRUISE, v.a. [briscr.Tr.] To crush 
 or mangle with the heavj' blow of some- 
 thing not edged or pointed ; to crush by 
 any weight ; to beat into gross powder; 
 to beat together coarsely. 
 
 Fellows in arms, and my most loving friends, 
 BniiitI underneath the yoke of tyranny. Shak^tp. 
 
 And fix far deeper in his head their stings, 
 Tiian temporal death sli.dl //r»ise the victor's heel, 
 Or theirs whom he redeems. Milton. 
 
 .\s in old chaos heav'n with earth confus'd. 
 And stars with rocks together crush'd and brnis'd. 
 
 IValkr. 
 
 They beat their breasts with many a bruising 
 blow. 
 
 Till they turn livid, and corrujit the snow. Dryd. 
 
 Bruise, n. s. [from the verb.] A hurt 
 ■with something blimt and heavy. 
 
 One arm'd with metal, tli' other with wood, 
 This lit for fri'uwe, and that for blood. Hndibras. 
 
 1 since have labour'd 
 To bind the bruises of a civil war. 
 And stop the issues of their wasting blood. Dryd. 
 Bru'isewort. 71. s. An herb; the same 
 with COMFREY, 
 
 BRUIT, n.s. [bruit, ¥r.] Rumour; 
 noise ; report, 
 
 A tn-uit ran from one to the other, tliat the king 
 was slain. Sidneu. 
 
 Upon some bruits he apprehended a fear, which 
 moved him to send to Sir William Herbert to re- 
 main his friend. Hayuard. 
 
 I am not 
 One that rejoices in the common wreck. 
 As common bruit doth put it. .Shakesp. 
 
 To Bruit, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 report ; to noise abroad ; to rumour. 
 Neither the verb nor the nouu are now 
 much in use. 
 
 His death 
 Being bruited once, took fire and heat away 
 From the best tcmperM courage in his troo[»s. 
 
 Shakcsf' 
 
 It was bruited, that I meant nothing less than 
 
 to go to Guiana. lialeigb. 
 
 Brumal, adj. [brumalis, Lat.] Belong- 
 ing to the winter. 
 
 About the ^n/md/ solstice, it bath been observed, 
 even unto a proverb, that the sea is calm, and the 
 winds do cease, till the young ones are excluded, 
 and forsake their nests. Broun. 
 
 Brun, Bran, Brown, Bourn, Burn, 
 are all derived from the Saxon, bopn, 
 boupn, bpunna, bupna ; all signifying 
 a river or brook. Gibson. 
 
 Brune'tt. n. s. [brunette, French.] A 
 woman with a brown complexion. 
 
 Your fair women therefore thought of this 
 fasliion, to uisult the olives and the brunettes. 
 
 Addison . 
 
 Bru'nion. n. s. [brvgnon, Fr.] A sort 
 of fruit between a plum and a peach. 
 
 Trevou.r. 
 Bru'nt. n. s. [brunst, Dutch.] 
 
 1. Shock; violence. 
 Erona chose rather to bide the brunt of war, 
 
 than venture him. Sidneu- 
 
 God, who caus'd a fountain, at thy prav'r. 
 From the dry ground to spring, thy thirstVallav 
 After the brunt of battle. Milton. 
 
 Faithful ministers are to stand and endure the 
 brunt: a common soldier may fiv, when it is the 
 duty of him that holds the stauSard to die upon 
 the place. South. 
 
 2. Blow; stroke. 
 A wicked ambush, which lay hidden long. 
 
 In the close covert of her guileYul eyen. 
 
 B R U 
 
 Thence breaking forth, did thick about me throng. 
 Too feeble I t'anide the frrunt so strong. Spenser. 
 
 Tlie friendly rug preserr'd the ground. 
 And headlong knigfit, from bruiie or wound. 
 Like featherbed betwixt a wall, 
 And heavy brunt of cannon-hall. Htuiibroi. 
 
 BRUSH, n. s. [brosse, Fr. from hruscus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. An instrument to clean any thing, by 
 rubbing off the dirt or soil. It is gene- 
 rally made of bristles set in wootl. 
 
 2. It is used for the larger and stronger 
 pencils u.sed by painters. 
 
 Whence comes all this rage of wit ? this arm- 
 ing all the pencils and brushes of the town against 
 me ? Stillingjieet. 
 
 With a small bru^h you must smear the glue 
 well upon the j(»int of each piece. Moion. 
 
 3. A rude assault ; a shock ; rough treat- 
 ment ; which, by the same metaphor, 
 we call a scouring. 
 
 Le( grow thy sinews till their knots be strong. 
 And tempt notyet the brushes of the war. Shakesp. 
 
 It could not be possible, that upon so little a 
 bru-ih as Waller had sustained, he could not be 
 able to follow and disturb the king. Clarendon. 
 
 Else, when we put it to the push, 
 They had not giv'n us such a brush. Hudii/ras. 
 
 To Brush, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 
 
 If he be not in love with some woman, there 
 is no believing old signs : he Inrushes his hat o' 
 morning ; what should that bode ? Shaka:p. 
 
 2. To strike with quickness, as in brush- 
 ing. 
 
 The wrathful beast about him turned light, 
 .And him so rudely passing by, did brush 
 With his long tail, that horse and man to ground 
 did rush. Spenser's Fairy (jiictn. 
 
 Has Somnus brush'd tliy eyelids with his rod .' 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 His son Cupavo briish'd the briny flood. 
 Upon his stern a brawny centaur stood. Drtjden. 
 
 High o'er the billows flew the massy load. 
 And near the ship came thund'ring on the flood. 
 It almost brush'd the elm. Pope. 
 
 3. To paint with a brush. 
 You have commissioned me to paint your shop, 
 
 and I have done my best to bi-ush you up like 
 your neighbours. Pope. 
 
 4. To carry away, by an act like that of 
 brushing ; to sweep. 
 
 And from the boughs brush off the evil dew. 
 And heal the harms of thwarting tliunder blew. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The receptacle of waters, into which the mouths 
 of all rivers must em])ty themselves, ought to 
 have so spacious a surface, that as much water 
 may be continually brushed otf by the winds, and 
 exhaled by the sun, as, besides what falls again, 
 is brought into it by all the rivers. Bentley. 
 
 5. To move as the brush. 
 
 A thousand nights have brush'd their balmy 
 wings 
 Over these eyes. Drvden. 
 
 To Brush, r. ». 
 
 1. To move with haste : a ludicrous word, 
 applied to men. 
 
 Nor wept his fate, nor cast a pitying eye. 
 Nor took him down, but brush d regardless by. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The French had gaiber'd all their force. 
 
 And William met them in their way ; 
 
 Yet oir they brush'd, both foot and" horse. Prur. 
 
 2. To fly over ; to skim lightly. 
 
 Nor love is always of a vicious kind. 
 But oft to virluous acts inflames the mind. 
 Awakes the sleepy vigour of the soul. 
 And, brushing o'er, addsmotion to the pool. Dryd. 
 
 Bru'sher. n. s. from brush.] He that 
 uses a brush. 
 
 Hh 
 
 23J
 
 B 11 U 
 
 Sir Henry Wolloii used to say, that criticks 
 were like bru&hen of noblemen's cloatlies. Bacon. 
 Bru'shwood. n. s. [from brush and 
 wood. I know not wlietlier it may not 
 be corrupted from browse wood.] Rough, 
 low, close, shrubby thickets ; small wood 
 fit for fire. 
 It smokes, and then with trembling breath slic 
 blows, 
 Till in a cheerful blaze the flames arose. 
 
 With bniihwimi , M\d witli chips, she strengthens 
 these, 
 And adds at last the boughs of rotten trees. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bru'shy. adj. [from brtish.'] Rougli or 
 shaggy, like a brush. 
 
 I suspected, that it might have proceeded from 
 some small unheeded drop of blood, wiped ott' by 
 the brushti substance of the nerve, from the knii'e 
 wherewitli it was cut. Buitle. 
 
 To Bru'stle. v. n. [bpaj-elian. Sax.] 
 To crackle ; to make a small noise. 
 
 Skinner. 
 Bru'tal. adj. [brutal, French ; from 
 brute.] 
 
 1 . That which belongs to a brute ; that 
 which we have in common with brutes. 
 
 There is no opposing brutal force to the strata- 
 gems of human reason. L' Estrange. 
 
 2. Savage ; cruel ; inhuman. 
 
 The brutal bus'ness of the war 
 Is manag'd by thy dreadful servants care. Di^d. 
 
 Brutality, w. s. [brutaliti, Fr.] 
 
 Savageness : churlishness ; inhumanity. 
 
 Courage, in an ill-bred man, has the air, and 
 escapes not the opinion, oi brutalUij, Locke. 
 
 To Beu'talizk. v. n. [brutaliser, Fr.] 
 To grow brutal or savage. 
 
 Upon being carried to tlie Cape of Good Hope, 
 he mixed, in a kind of transpoit, with his coun- 
 trymen, brutalized with them in their habit and 
 ni'anners, and would never again return to his 
 foreign acquaintance. Adduon. 
 
 To Bru'talize. v. a. To make brutal or 
 savage. 
 
 Brutally, adu. [from brutal.] Chur- 
 lishly ; inhumanly ; cruellj'. 
 
 JMrs. Bull aimed a knife at Jolni, tllough .Tohn 
 threw a bottle at her liead, very brutally indeed. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 BRUTE. af/J. [brulus, Latin.] 
 
 1 . Senseless ; unconscious. 
 
 Nur yet are we so low and base as tlicir atheism 
 wou]d depress us; not walking statues of clay, 
 not the sons of brute earth, whose linal inherit- 
 ance is death and corruption. Bentltii. 
 
 2. Savage ; irrational ; ferine. 
 
 Even brute animals make use of this artificial 
 way, of making divers motions to have several 
 sigiiificatioiis, to call, warn, chide, cherish, 
 tlireaten. Holder. 
 
 In the promulgation of the Mosaick law, if so 
 much as a hrute beast touche<i the mountain, it 
 was to be struck through witli a dart. SouiJt. 
 
 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts. 
 Tlien to subdue, and quell throuiih all the earih, 
 
 Briite violence, and proud tyrannick [jow'r. Milt. 
 
 4. Rough ; ferocious ; uncivilized. 
 The brute philosopher, who ne'er has prov'd 
 
 The joy of loving, or of being Kiv'd. Pope. 
 
 Brute, w. s, [from the adjective.] An 
 irrational creature ; a creature without 
 reason ; a savage. 
 
 AVhat may tins mean ? Language of man pro- 
 no unc'd 
 By tongue of brute, and human sense expres'd ! 
 
 Milton. 
 To tliose three present impulses, of sense, me- 
 mory, and insthict, most, if not all, the sagaci- 
 ties of brutes may be reduced. Hale. 
 
 BUB 
 
 Brutes may be considered as either aerial, ter- 
 restrial, aquatick, or amphibious. I call those 
 aerial wliich have wings, wherewith they can sup- 
 port themselves in the air ; terrestrial are tliose, 
 whose only place of rest is upon the earth ; aqua- 
 tick are those, wliuse constant abode is upon the 
 water. Locke. 
 
 Heav'n from all creatures hides the book of fate, 
 All but the page prescrib'd, this present state ; 
 From brtitti what men, from men what spirits 
 
 know ; 
 Or who could suffer being here below ? Pope. 
 
 To Brute, v. a. [written ill for bruit.] 
 To report 
 
 This, once bruted through the army, filled them 
 all with hcaviticss. Kjwlles. 
 
 Bru'teness. «. s. [from brute.] Bru- 
 tality ; a word not now used. 
 
 Thou dotard vile, 
 That witli thy bruteuess shend'st thy comely age. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 To Bru'tify. r. fl. [from brute.] To 
 make a man a brute. 
 
 Ihou fallacious woman ! am I then hrutijied ? 
 Ay; I feel it here; I sprout, I bud, lain ripe 
 horn mad. (longreve. 
 
 Bru'tish, adj, [from brute?\ 
 
 1. Bestial ; resembling a beast. 
 
 Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train. 
 With monstrous shapes and sorceries abus*d 
 Fanatick Egypt, and her priests, to seek 
 Their wand ring gods disguis'd in brutish forms. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Having the qualities of a brute; rough ; 
 savage ; ferocious. 
 
 Brutes, and brutish men, are commonly more 
 able to bear pain than others. Grew. 
 
 3. Gross; carnal. 
 
 For thou thyself hast been a libertine, 
 As sensual as the brutish sting itself. Shakesp. 
 
 Afler he has slept himself into some use of him- 
 self, by much ado he staggers to his table again, 
 and there acts over the same brutish scene. South. 
 
 4. Ifi^norant; imtaught; uncivilized. 
 They were not so brutish, that tliej co\itd be 
 
 ignorant to c;;ll upon tlie name of God. Hooker ^ 
 
 Bru'tishly. adv. \^\-om. brutish.] In the 
 manner of a brute ; savagely ; irra- 
 tionally ; grossly. 
 
 1 am not so diffident of myself, as brutishly to 
 submit to any man's dictates. -^'"e Charles. 
 
 For a man to found a confident practice upon a 
 disputable priiici])le, is brutishly to outrun his 
 reason. South. 
 
 Bru'tishness. n. s, [from brutish.] 
 Brutality ; savageness. 
 
 All other courage, besides that, is not true va- 
 lour, but brulisliuess. Spj-att. 
 
 Bry'ony. 71. s. [br^onia, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Bub. w. s. [a cant word.] Strong malt 
 
 liquor. 
 
 Or if it be his fate to meet 
 With folks who have more wealth than wit, 
 He loves cheap port, and double (juft, 
 And settles in the humdrum club. Prior 
 
 BU'BBLE. n. s. [bobbcl, Dutch.] 
 1. A small bladder of water; a film of 
 water filled with wind. 
 
 Bubbles are in the form of a hemisphere ; air 
 within, and a little skin of water without : and 
 it seemeth somewhat strange, that the air should 
 rise so swiftly, wliile it is in the water, and when 
 it Cometh to the lop, .should be stayed by so weak 
 a cover as that of the bubble is. Bacon. 
 
 The colours o( bubbles, with which cliildren play, 
 are various, and change their situation variously, 
 without any respect to confine or shadow. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 BUB 
 
 2. Any thing which wants solidity and 
 firmness ; any thing that is more speci- 
 ous than real. 
 
 The earl of Lincoln was induced to participate, 
 not lightly upon the strength of the proceeaings 
 there, which was but a bubble, but upon letters 
 from tlie lady Margaret. Bacon. 
 
 Then a soldier, 
 Seeking the bubble reputation, 
 Even in the cannon's mouth. Shakd^. 
 
 War, he sung, is toil and trouble, 
 Honour but an empty bubble. 
 Fighting still, and still destroying. Dryden. 
 
 3. A cheat ; a false show. 
 The nation then too late will find. 
 
 Directors promises but wind, 
 
 South-sea at best a mighty bubble. Sw^, 
 
 4. The person cheated. 
 
 Cease, dearest mother, cease to chide j 
 Gany's acheat, and I'm nbubble; 
 Yet why this great excess of trouble ? Prior. 
 
 He has been my bubble these twenty years, and 
 to my certain knowledge, understands no more 
 of his own affairs, than a child m swaddling 
 clothes. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To Bu'bble. v. 71. [from the noun. 
 
 1. To rise in bubbles. 
 
 Alas ! a crimson river of warm blood, 
 Like to a bubbling fountain stirr'd with wind, 
 Doth rise and fall. Shakesp. 
 
 Adder's fork, and blindworm's sting, 
 Lizard's leg and owlet's wiim : 
 For a charm of pow'rful trouble. 
 Like a hellbroth boil and bubble. Shahesp. 
 
 Still bubble on, and pour forth blood and tears. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The same spring sutfers at some times a very 
 manifest remission of its heat ; at others, as mani- 
 fest an increase of it; yea, sometimes to that ex- 
 cess, as to make it boil and bubble with extreme 
 heat. Woodward. 
 
 2. To run with a gentle noise. 
 
 For thee the bubbling springs appear'd to mourn. 
 And whispering pines made vows for thy return. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Not bubliling fountains to the thirsty swain, 
 Not show'rs to larks, or sunshine to the bee. 
 Are half so charming as thy sight to me. Pope, 
 
 To Bubble, v, a. To cheat; a cant 
 word . 
 
 He tells me, witli great passion, that she haa 
 bubbled him out of hisyoutli ; and has drilled him 
 on to five and fifty. Addison. 
 
 Charles Mather couKl not bubble a young beau 
 better with a toy. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Bu'bbler. n, s. [from bubble.] A 
 
 cheat. 
 
 What words can suffice to express, how in- 
 finitely I esteem you, above all the great ones in 
 this part of the world ; above all the Jews, job- 
 bers, and bubblers ! Digby to Pope. 
 
 Bu'bby. U.S. A woman's breast. 
 
 Foil! say they, to see a handsome, brisk, gen- 
 teel youngfellow, so much governed by a doating 
 old woman ; why don't you go and suck the 
 bubby? Arbuthnot. 
 
 Bu'bo. n. s. [Lat. from jSaCwv the groin.] 
 That part of the groin from the bending 
 of the tliigh to the scrotimi ; and there- 
 fore all tumours in that part are called 
 buboes. Quincy, 
 
 I suppurated it after the manner of aftwfif), 
 opened it, and endeavuured detersion. Wisenum. 
 
 Bubonocr'le. n. s. [Lat from /3a^wi' the 
 groin, and a^M a rupture.] A particidar 
 kind of rupttu*e, when the intestines 
 break down into the groin. Quiucy. 
 
 When the intestine, or omentum, falls through 
 tlie rings of the abdominal muscles into the groin, 
 
 284
 
 BUG 
 
 It is called liernm ihguinalh, or if into the scro- 
 tum, scrotalis: these two, though the first only is 
 properly so called, are known by the name of 
 bubonocele. _ Sharp. 
 
 Bu'bukle. n. s. a red pimple. 
 
 His face is all bubukks, and whelks, and knobs, 
 and flames of fire. SImltesp. 
 
 Bucani'ers. n. s. a cant word for the 
 privateers or pirates of America. 
 
 Buccella'tion. 71. s. [from buccella, a 
 mouthful, Lat.] In some chymical au- 
 thors, signifies a dividing into large 
 
 pieces. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 BUCK. n.s. [ftawfAe, Germ, suds or lye.] 
 
 1. The liquor in which clothesare washed. 
 
 Buck ! I would I could wash myself of ihe buck: 
 I warrant you, buck, and of the season too it shall 
 appear. ShakeSji. 
 
 2. The clotlies washed in the liquor. 
 
 Of late, not able to trarel with her furred pack, 
 
 she washes bucks here at home. Shakesp. 
 
 BUCK. n.s. [bwch, Welsh; hock, Dutch; 
 
 bouc, Fr.] The male of the fallow deer ; 
 
 the male of rabbits, and other animals. 
 
 Bucks, gnats, and the like, are said to be trip- 
 ping or saliant, that is, going or leaping. Vcacham. 
 
 To Buck. v. a. [from the noun.] To wash 
 clothes. 
 
 Here is a basket ; he may creep in here, and 
 throw foul linen upon him, as if it were going to 
 bucking. Shahesp. 
 
 To Buck. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 copulate, as bucks and does. 
 
 The chief time of setting traps, is in their 
 bucking time. Mortimer. 
 
 Bu'CKBASKET. n. s. The basket in 
 which clothes are carried to the wash. 
 
 They conveyed me into a buckbasket ; rammed 
 me in "with foul shirts, foul stockings, and greasy 
 napkins. Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'cKBEAN. n. s. [bockiboonen, Dutch.] 
 A plant ; a sort of trefoil. 
 
 The bitter nauseous plants, as centaury, hick- 
 bane, gCTitian, of whicli tea may be made, or wines 
 by infusion. Flayer. 
 
 Bu'CKET. n. s. [baqiief, Fr] 
 
 1. The vessel, in which water is drawn 
 out of a well. 
 
 Now is this golden crown like a deep well. 
 That owes two buckets, filling one another j 
 The emptier ever dancing in the air. 
 The other down unseen, and full of water. Shak. 
 
 Is the sea ever likely to be evaporated by the 
 sun, or to be emptied with buckets? Bentky. 
 
 2. The vessels, in which water is carried, 
 particularly to quench a fire. 
 
 Now streets grow throng'd, and, busy as by day. 
 Some run for buckets to the hallow'd quire; 
 -Some cut the pipes, and some the engines play ; 
 And some, more bold, mount ladders to the fire. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The porringers, that in a row 
 Hung nigh, and made a glitt'ring show, 
 To a less noble substance chang d, 
 Were now but leathern buckets raiig'd. Swiji. 
 
 BUCKLE, n. s. [burcl, Welsh, and the 
 same in the Arraorick ; boucle, Fr.] 
 
 1. A link of metal, with a longue or catch, 
 made to fasten one thing to another. 
 
 Fair lined slippers for the cold, 
 With buckles of the purest gold. Shakesp. 
 
 The chlaniys was a sort ot short cloak tied witfi 
 a 6i/c/i/e, commonly tu the right shoulder, .■irbuth. 
 
 Three seal-rings ; wliich after, melted down, 
 Fyrm'd a vast buckle for his window's go\vn. Fapc. 
 
 2 . The state of the hair crisped and curled, 
 by being kept long in the same state. 
 
 BUG 
 
 The greatest beau was dressed in a flaxen pen- I 
 wig ; the wearer of it goes in his own hair at home, 
 ana lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. 
 
 That live-long wig, which Gorgon's self might 
 own, 
 Eternal buckle takes in Parian stone. Pope. 
 
 To Bu'cKLE. V. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To fasten with a buckle. 
 
 Like sapliire, pearl, in rich embroidery. 
 Buckled below fair knighthood's landing Knee. 
 
 Sfiaktsp. 
 
 France, whose armour conscience buckled on. 
 Whom zeal and charity brought to the ht-hl. Shak. 
 
 Thus ever, when 1 buckle on my helmet. 
 Thy fears aftiict thee. ^ _ _ Philips. 
 
 When you carry your master's riding coat, wrap 
 your own in it, and buckle them up close with a 
 strap. Su'itt- 
 
 2. To prepare to tlo any thing : the meUi- 
 phor is taken from buckling on the ar- 
 mour. 
 
 The Saracen, this hearing, rose amain. 
 And catcliing up in haste his three square .shield. 
 And shining helmet, soon him buckltd to the field. 
 
 Uptnser. 
 
 3. To join in battle. 
 
 The lord Gray, captain of the men at arms, 
 was forbidden to charge, until the foot of the 
 avantguard were buckled with tliem in front. 
 
 Hayuard. 
 
 4. To confine. 
 
 How brief the life of man 
 Runs his erring pilgrimage ! 
 
 That tlic strctcliin^ of a span 
 Buckles in Ins sum of age. Shakesp. 
 
 To Bu'CKLE. V, 71. [bucken, Germ.] 
 
 1. To bend; to bow. 
 
 The wretch, whose fever-weaken'd joints, 
 Like strengthless hinges, buckle under Hfe, 
 Impatient of his fit, breaks like a fire 
 Out of his keeper's arms. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To buckle to. To apply to ; to attend. 
 Seethe activcy 2d sense. 
 
 Now a covetous old crafty knave. 
 At dead of night, shall rais-'e his son, and cry, 
 Turn out, you rogue, how like a beast you lie ! 
 Go, buckle to the law. _ Diydcn. 
 
 This is to be done in children, by trying them, 
 when they are by laziness unbent, or by avocation 
 bent another way, and endeavouring to make 
 them buckle to the thing proposed. Locke. 
 
 3. To buckle tvith. To engage with ; to 
 encounter ; to join in a close fight, like 
 men locked or buckled together. 
 
 For single combat, thou shaittucA,7e with me. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Yet thou, thev say, for marriage dost provide ; 
 
 Is this an age \o buckle with a bride ? Dniden. 
 
 BU'CKLER. n,s. [bivccled, Welsh; bou- 
 f//er, Fr.] A shield; a defensive weapon 
 buckled on the arm. 
 
 He took my arms, and while I forc'd my way 
 Through troops of foes, which did our passage stay; 
 My buckler o'er my aged father cast. 
 Stdl fighting, still defending, as I past Drijdcn. 
 
 This medal compliments the emperor as the 
 Romans did dictator Fabius, when they called 
 him the buckler of Rome. Addison. 
 
 To Buckler, v. a, [from the noun.] 
 To support ; to defend. 
 Fear not, sweet wench, they shall not touch 
 thee, K*»te ; 
 I'll buckler thee a^rainst a million. Shakesp. 
 
 Can Oxford, that did t-ver fence the riglit. 
 Now buckler falshood with a pedigree ! Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'cKLER-THORN. n.s. Christ's thorn, 
 BucKMAST. n. s. The fruit or mast of 
 
 tlie beech tree. 
 Bu'cKRAM. n. s. [bougran, Fr.] A sort 
 of strong linen cloth, stiffened with 
 gum, used by taylors and staymakers. 
 
 BUD 
 
 I have peppered two of them ; two, lam snre, I 
 have paid, two rogues in buckram suits. Skakerp. 
 
 Bu'cKRAMS. n.s. The same with It' i7d 
 garlick. 
 
 Bu'cKSHORN Plantain, [coronopus, 
 Lat. from the form of the leaf.] A 
 plant. Milltr. 
 
 Bu'cKTHORN. n. s. [i-hamnu.i, Lat. sup- 
 posed to be so called from bucc. Sax. 
 the belly.] A tree that bears a purging 
 berry. 
 
 Bu'CKWHEAT. n. s. [buckweitz. Germ. 
 Jiigopyrtim, Lat.] A plant. Miller. 
 
 BuCOLICK. adj. 0ovy.Q\ir.a, (torn PoVK(,\®- 
 
 a cowherd.] Pastoral. 
 BUD. n.s. [bouton, Vr.] The first shoot 
 of a plant; a gem. 
 
 Be as thou was wont to be. 
 See as ihon wast wont to see : 
 Dian's bud o'er Cupid's flower 
 Hath sncli force and blessed power. Shak. 
 Writers say, as the most forward wud 
 Is eaten by tlie canker ere it blow. 
 Even so by love the young and tender wit 
 Is turn'd to folly, blasting in ihe bud. 
 Losing his verdure even in the prime. Shakesp. 
 
 When yim the flow'rs for Chloc twine, 
 Why do you to her garland join 
 The mealiest fciid that falls from mine? Prior. 
 
 Insects wound the tender 6j/(fs, wth a long hol- 
 low trunk, and deposit an egg iu the bole, with a 
 sharp corrodijig li'|uor, thai causelh a swelling in 
 the leaf, and cTosetli the orifice. Bentlty. 
 
 To Bud. i'. 71. [from the noim.] 
 
 1. To put forth young shoots, or gems. 
 Bud forth as a rose growing by the brook of the 
 
 field. ' Eccl. 
 
 2. To rise as a gem from the stalk. 
 
 There the fruit, that was to be gathered from 
 
 such a conflux quickly' budded out. Ctartndim. 
 
 Heav'n gave him all at once, then snatch'd away. 
 
 Ere mortals all his beauties could survey ; 
 
 Just like that flower that buds and withers in a day . 
 
 Drtjden. 
 Tho' lab'ring yokes on their own necks'they 
 fear'd. 
 And felt for budding horns on their smooth fore- 
 heads rear'd. Dryden'sSilenm. 
 
 3. To be in the bloom, or growing. 
 
 Young budding i.-\ig\n, fair and fresh and sweet. 
 Whither awaj', or where is thy abode ? Shakesp. 
 
 To Bud. i'. a. To inoculate; to graft by 
 inserting a bud into the rind of another 
 tree. 
 
 Of apricocks, the largest is nnich improved by 
 budding u])on a peach stock. Temple. 
 
 To BUDGE. I', n. [bouger,rr.] To stir; 
 to move off the place : a low word. 
 
 All your prisoners arc 
 
 In the lime grove, which weatherfends your cell, 
 
 'i'hey cannot budge till your release. Sluikesp. 
 
 The mouse ne'er shunn'd the cat, as they did 
 
 budge 
 
 From ra.-ifals worse than they. Shakesp. 
 
 I thought lb' liadst scorn'd to budge 
 For fear." Uudihras. 
 
 Budge, adj. [of uncertain etymology.] 
 Surlj- ; stiff; formal. 
 
 O fnnrnhness of men! that lend their ears 
 To those budge doctors of the stoick fur. Miltim. 
 
 Budge, n. s. The dressed skin or fur 
 of lambs. Diet. 
 
 BuDGEK. n.s. [from the verb.] One 
 
 that moves or stirs from his plate. 
 
 Let the first budger die the other's slave. 
 And the gods doom him after. Sfiakesp. 
 
 Bv'dget. n.s. [bogitte, Fr.] 
 
 I. A bag, such as may be easily can-ied.
 
 13 U F 
 
 If tinkers may have leave to live. 
 
 And bear tfic sow.skin budget ; 
 Then my account I well may t<ivc, 
 
 And in the stocks avonch'it. Shakesp. 
 
 Sir Rnbert ClitVord, in whose bosom, or budget, 
 
 most of Perkin's secrets were laid up, was come 
 
 into England. Bacon. 
 
 His budget with corruptions cranun'd, 
 The contrioutions of the diimn'd. Swift. 
 
 2. It is used for a store or stock. 
 
 It Avas nature in line, that brouglit off tlie cat, 
 when the fox's whole budget of inventions failed 
 him. VEstrangc. 
 
 Blff, n. s. [from buffalo.] 
 
 1. A sort of leather prepared from the 
 
 skin of the buffalo ; used for waist belts, 
 
 pouches, and military accoutrements. 
 
 A ropy chain of rheums, a visiige rough, 
 Defonn'd unfcatur'd, and a skin ot' bnjf. Drudcn. 
 
 2. The skins of elks and oxen dressed in 
 oil, and prepared after the same manner 
 as that of the buffalo. 
 
 3. A military coat made of thick leather, 
 so that a blow cannot easily pierce it. 
 
 A fivnd, a fairy, pityless and rough, 
 A wolf, nay worse, u fellow all in hu_ff. Shahesp. 
 
 To Buff. v. a, [bttffc, Fr.] To strike: it 
 is a word not in use. 
 
 There was a shock, 
 To liave hilVd out the blood 
 From aught but a block. Ben Jonson. 
 
 BUFFALO, w. s. [Ital.] A kind of 
 wild ox. 
 
 Become tlie unworthy browse 
 Of buffaloes, salt goats, and hungry cows. Dryd, 
 
 Buffet, n. s. [buffeto, Ital.] A blow 
 with the fist ; a box on the ear. 
 
 O, I could divide myself, and go to buffets, for 
 moving such a dish of skimmed milk with so Iio- 
 nourable an action. Shakesp. 
 
 A mau that fortune's buffets and rewards 
 Has ta'en witli equal thanks. SJiakesp. 
 
 Go baffled coward, lest 1 run upon thee, 
 And with one buffet lay thy structure low. Milt. 
 
 Round his holluw tejuples, and liis ears. 
 His buckler beats ; the son of Neptune, stunn'd 
 With these repeated buffets, quits the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Buffe't. v. s. [bttffette, Ti\] A kind of 
 cupboard ; or set of shelves, where plate 
 is set out to shew, in a room of enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 The rich huffet wel!-colour'd serpents grace, 
 And gaping Tritons spew to wash your face. Pope. 
 
 To Bu'ffet. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 strike with the hand ; to box ; to beat. 
 
 Why. woman, your husband is in his old lunes 
 again ; he so buffets himself on tlie forehead, cry- 
 ing, Peer out, peer out ! that any madness, I 
 ever yet beheld, seemed but lameness. Shakep. 
 
 Our ears are cudguU'd ; not a word of his 
 Hut biffets better than a fist of France. Shakesp. 
 
 The torrent ruar'd, and we did buffet it 
 With lusty sinews ; throwing it aside. Shakesp. 
 
 Instantly I phmg'dinto the sea, 
 And buffeting the billows to her rescue, ^ 
 Redeem'd her life with half the loss of mine. 
 
 Otway. 
 
 To Bu'ffet. v. n. To play a boxing- 
 match. 
 
 If I miglit buffet for my love, I could lay on 
 like a butcher. Shakesp. HemyY. 
 
 Bu'ffeter. v.s. [from buffet.] A boxer; 
 
 one that V)uffets. 
 Bu'ffle. n.s. [beufpey Fr.] The same 
 
 with buffalo ; a wild ox. 
 To Br'FFLE. r. n. [from the noun,] To 
 
 jjuzzle ; to be at a loss. 
 This was the utter ruin of that poor, angry, 
 
 biiffiing, well-meaning mortal, Pistorides, who lies 
 
 cquain under tlie contempt of both parties. Swift. 
 
 BUG 
 
 Bu'ffleheaded. adj, [from buffle and 
 head.] A man with a large head^ like 
 a buffalo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. 
 BUFFOON, n. 5. [buffon, Fr.] 
 ]. A man whose profession is to make 
 sport, by low jests and antick postures ; 
 a jack-pudding. 
 
 No prince would lliink himself greatly honoured, 
 
 to have his proclamatiun canvassed on a jiublick 
 
 stage, and become the sport of buffoons. Watts. 
 
 '2. A man that practises indecent raillery. 
 
 It is tlie nature of drnlls and buJfoi}us, to be in- 
 solent to those that will bear it, and slavish to 
 tfthers. U Estrange. 
 
 The bold buffoon, whene'er they tread the green, 
 Their motion mimicks, but with jest obscene. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 Bu'ffoonery. n. s. [from buffoon.] 
 
 1. The practice or art of a buffoon. 
 
 Courage, in an ill-bred man, has the air, and 
 escapes not the opiuitpn, of brutality ; learning 
 becomes pedantry, and \\\t buffoonery. Locke. 
 
 2, Low jests; ridiculous pranks ; scurrile 
 mirth. D^ryden places the accent, im- 
 properly, on the first syllable. 
 
 Where publick ministers encourage buffoonery, 
 
 it is no wonder if buffoons set up for puhhck nii- 
 
 nisters. L'l^strange. 
 
 And whilst it lasts, let fc»^)i»ncrj/ succeed. 
 
 To make us laugh ; for never was more need. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 BUG. «. s. A stinking insect bred in old 
 household stuff. In the following pas- 
 sage, wings are erroneously ascribed to 
 it. 
 
 Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings. 
 This painted child of dirt, w liich stinks and slings. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bug. " " 
 
 Bu'gbear 
 from piig^ ; bug, in Welsh, has the same 
 meaning.] A frightful object ; a walk- 
 ing spectre, imagined to be seen : gene- 
 rally now used for a false terrour to 
 frighten babes. 
 Each trembling leaf and whistling wind they 
 hear, 
 As ghastly bug their hair on end docs rear, 
 Yet both do strive their fearfulness to feign. 
 
 Fairii Queen. 
 Sir, spare your threats ; 
 The bug which you would fright me with, I seek. 
 
 Shakes]). 
 
 Hast not slept to-night ? would he not, naughty 
 
 man, let it sleep ? a bugbear take him. Shakesp. 
 
 We have a horrour for uncouth monsters ; but, 
 
 upon experience, all these bugs grow familiar and 
 
 easy to us. L'Estra7ige. 
 
 Such bugbear thoughts, once got into the tender 
 
 minds of children, sink deep, so as not easily, if 
 
 ever, to be got out again. Loeke. 
 
 To the world, no bugbear is so great, 
 .Is want of figure, and a small estate. Pope. 
 
 Bu'gginess. n.s. [from buggi/.'] The 
 
 state of being infected witli bugs. 
 Bu'ggy. adj. [from bug.] Abounding 
 
 with bugs. 
 Bugle. \v.s. [from bu^en, Sax. 
 
 BuGLEHORN. / to bend, SkiiDier ; from 
 bucula, Lat. a heifer, Junius ; from 
 bugle, the bonasus, Lye.] A hunting 
 horn. 
 
 Tlien took that squire an horny bugle small. 
 Which hung a down his side in twisted gold, 
 And lasseis gay. Fairy Queen. 
 
 I will have a recheate winded in my forehead, 
 or hang my b}tgk in an invisible baldrick. Shakesp. 
 
 He gave his bugle horn a blast, 
 That through the woodland echo'd far and wide. 
 
 liekell. 
 
 \ n. s. [It is deriveil by 
 . 5 some from big, by others 
 
 B U I 
 
 Bu'gle. n. s. A shining bead of black 
 
 glass. 
 
 Bugle bracelets, necklace amber, 
 Perfuin'd for a lady's chamber. Shakem 
 
 'Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair 
 Your bugle eye-balls, nor your cheek of cream. 
 That can cntame my spirits to your worship. Shak 
 
 Bu'gee. 7/. s, [from bugu/a, Lat.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 Bugle, n. s. A sort of wild ox. 
 
 PhiUipss World of Words: 
 Bu'gloss. «. .«f. [from buglossuhtj Lat.] 
 
 The herb ox-tongue. 
 7o BUILD, v.a. preter. I JuiY?, I have 
 
 builf. [hiUlcu, Dutch.] 
 i . To raise from tlie ground ; to make a 
 fabrick, or an edifice. 
 Thou shait not build an house unto my name. 
 
 Chronicles. 
 When usurers tell their gold in the field. 
 And whores and bawds do churches build. Shakesp. 
 
 2, To raise in any laboured form. 
 
 When the head-dress was/ji(i/( up in a couple of 
 cones and spires, which stood so excessively high 
 on the side of tlie head, that a woman, who was 
 but a pigmy withuut her 'head-dress, appeared 
 like a Colossus upon putting it on. Spectator. 
 
 3. To raise any thing on a support or 
 foundation. 
 
 Love /)'(j7t on beauty, soon as beauty, dies; 
 Choose this face, chang'd by no deformities. Don. 
 
 I would endeavour to destroy those curious, but 
 groundless structures, that men have built up of 
 opinions alone. Boyle. 
 
 To Bu'iLD. r. ?i. 
 
 1 , To play the architect. 
 
 To build, to plant, whatever you intend. 
 To rear the column, or the arch' to bend. Pope. 
 
 2. To depend on ; to rest on. 
 
 By a man's authority, we here understand tlic 
 force which his word hath for the assurance of an- 
 other's mind, that buildeth upon it. Honker. 
 
 Some build ratlier upon the abusing of others, 
 and putting tricks upon them, than upon sound- 
 ness (if tlielr own proceedings. Bacon. 
 
 Even those who had not tasted of your favours, 
 yet built so much on the fame of your benelicence, 
 "that they bemoaned the loss of their expectations, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 This is certainly a much surer way, than to build 
 on tjie interpretations of an author, wlio does not 
 consider how the ancients used to think. Addison. 
 
 Bu'iLDER. n. s. [from build.] He that 
 builds ; an architect. 
 
 But fore-accounting oft makes builders miss ; 
 They found, he felt, they had no lease of bliss. 
 
 Sidtiey, 
 When they, which had seen the beauty of tfie 
 first temple built by Solomon, beheld how far it 
 excelled the second, which had not builders of like 
 abilities, the tears of their grieved eyes the pro- 
 pliets endeavoured, with comforts, to wipe away. 
 
 Hooker. 
 JNLirk'd out for such an use, as if 'twere meant 
 T'invite the builder, and his choice prevent. 
 
 Denham. 
 Iler wings with lengtlien'd hcmour let her spread, 
 And, by her greatness, shew her builder's fame. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Bu'iLDiNG. n.s, [from build,] A fabrick; 
 an edifice. 
 
 Thy sumptuous buildings, and thy wife's attire, 
 Have cost a mass of publick treasury. Shakesp. 
 
 View not this spire by measure giv'n 
 To buildings rais'd by common hands : 
 That fabrick rises high as heav'n, 
 Whose basis on devotion stands. Pnor. 
 
 Among the great variety of ancient coins which 
 I saw at Rome, I could not but take particular 
 notice of such as relate to any of the buildings or 
 statues that are still extant. Addison. 
 
 Bu'iLT. n. s. [from build, 
 J. The form; the structvu*e ; 
 
 236
 
 B U L 
 
 A» is the built, so different is tlie fight ;_ 
 Their mountain shot is on our sails design'd ; 
 
 Deep in their hulls our deadlj bullets light, 
 And through the yielding phuiks a passage find. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. Species of building. 
 
 There is liardly any country, which has so little 
 sliipping as Ireland ; the reason n-.ust be, the 
 scarcity of timber proper for this Imilt. Temple. 
 
 BULB." n.s. [from bulbus, Lat.] Around 
 body, or root. 
 
 Take up your early autumnal tulips, and hnlhs, 
 if you will remove them. Evelyn's Kalendur. 
 
 If we consider the bulb or ball of the eye, the 
 e.xteriour membrane, or coat thereof, is made 
 thick, tough, or strong, that it is a very hard 
 matter to make a rupture in it. Ray. 
 
 Bu'lbaceous. adj. [hulbaceus, Lat.] 
 
 The same with bulbous. Diet. 
 
 Bulbous, adj. [from bulb-l Containing 
 
 bulbs ; consisting of bulbs ; having 
 
 round or roundish knobs. 
 
 There are of roots, bulbous roots, fibrous roots, 
 and hirsute roots. And 1 take it, in the bulbous, 
 the sap hastencth most to the air and sun. Bacon. 
 
 Set up your traps for vermin, especially amongst 
 your bulbous routs. Ei:elyn's Kalendar. 
 
 Their leaves, after they are swelled out, like a 
 bulbous root, to make the bottle bend inward, or 
 come again close to the stalk. Rayon the Creation 
 
 To Bulge, v. n. [It was originally writ- 
 ten bil^e : bilge was the lower part of 
 the ship, where it swelled out ; from 
 bilij, Sax. a bladder.] 
 
 1. To take iu water ; to founder. 
 
 Thrice round the ship was tost. 
 Then bulg'd at once, and in the deep was lost. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. To jut out. 
 
 Tlie side, or part of the side of a wall, or any 
 timber that bulges from its bottom or foundation, 
 is said to batter, or hang over the foundation. 
 
 Moxons Mechanical Exercises. 
 
 Bu'limy. v. s. [^H>.ip«, from ^S; an ox, 
 and Xifto! hunger.] An enormous ap- 
 petite, attended with fainting and cold- 
 ness of the extremities. Diet. 
 
 BULK. n. s. [bulce Dutch, the breast or 
 largest part of a raan.] 
 
 1 . Magnitude of material substance ; 
 mass. 
 
 Against these forces there were prepared near 
 one hundred ships ; not so great of bulk indeed, 
 but of a more nimble motion, and more service- 
 able. Bacon's liar with Spain. 
 
 The Spaniards and Portuguese have ships of 
 great bulk ; but fitter for the merchant than the 
 man of war, for burden than for battle. Raleigh. 
 
 Though an animal arrives at its full growth at 
 a certain age, perhaps it never comes to its full 
 bulk till the last period of life. Arbuthrwt. 
 
 2. .Size ; quantity. 
 
 Things, or objects, cannot enter into the mind 
 as they subsist ni themselves, and by their own 
 natural bulk pass into the apprehension ; but they 
 are taken in by their ideas. South. 
 
 3. The gross; the majority; the main 
 mass. 
 
 Those very points, in which these wise men 
 disagreed from the bulk of the people, are points 
 in which they agreed with the received doctrines 
 of our nature. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Change in property, through the hulk of a 
 nation, makes slow marches, and its due power 
 always attends it. Swift. 
 
 The bulko( the debt must be lessened gradually. 
 
 Swiji. 
 
 4. Main fabrick. 
 
 He rais'd a sigh so piteous and profound. 
 That it did seenl to shatter all his bulk, 
 And end his being. Shakesp. 
 
 B U L 
 
 5. The main part of a ship's cargo ; as, to 
 bj'eak bulk, is to open the cargo. 
 
 Bulk. w. s. [fi-om bielcke, Dan. abeam.] 
 A part of a building jutting out. 
 
 Here stand beiiiaii tliis bulk. Straight will lie 
 come : 
 V/ear thy good rapier bare, and put it liome. 
 
 ^ihakcsp. 
 
 The keeper coming up, found Jack with no life 
 
 in Itim ; lie took down tlie body, and laid it on a 
 
 bulk, and brought out the rope to tlie company. 
 
 Aibnthuot's Hht.if J. Bull. 
 
 Bu'lkhead. 71. J. A partition made across 
 
 a ship, with boards, whereby one pail 
 
 is divided from another. ■ Harris. 
 
 Bu'lkiness. w. s, [from bulk^,] Great- 
 
 ness of stature, or size. 
 
 AVIieat, or any other grain, cannot serve instead 
 of money, because of its bulkhiess, and change of 
 its (juaniity. Locke. 
 
 Bu'lky. adj. [from bulk.] Of great size 
 or stature. 
 
 Latreus, the bulkiest of the double race, 
 Whom the spoil'd arms of slain Halesus grace. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 Huge Telephus, a formidable page, 
 Cries vengeance ; and Orestes bulky rage, 
 Unsatisfy'd with margins closely writ, 
 Foams o'er the covers Dryden. 
 
 The manner of sea engagements, which was to 
 bore and sink the enemy's ships with the rostra, 
 gavebulky and high ships a great advantage. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 BULL. n. s, [bulk, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . The male of black cattle ; the male to 
 a cow. 
 
 A gentlewoman, Sir, and a kinswoman of my 
 master's.-^ Even such kin as the parish heifers are 
 to the town bull. Shakesp- 
 
 Bulh are more crisp upon the forehead than 
 cows. Bacon. 
 
 Best age to go to bull, or calve, we hold, 
 Begins at four, and ends at ten years old. May, 
 
 2. In the scriptural sense, an enemy 
 powerful, fierce, and violent. 
 
 Many bulls have compassed me : strong bulls of 
 
 Bashan have beset me round. Psalms. 
 
 ;). One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 
 
 At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, 
 
 And the bright Bull receives him. Thomson. 
 
 4. A letter published by the pope. 
 
 A bull is letters called apobtoiick by the cano- 
 nists, strengthened with a leaden seal, and con- 
 taining in them the decrees and commandments 
 of the pope or bishop of Rome. Aylijfe. 
 
 There was another sort of ornament wore by the 
 young nobility, called bulla; round, or of the 
 iigure of a heart, hung about their necks like dia- 
 mond crosses. Those bullt£ came afterwards to be 
 hung to the diplomas of tlie emperors and po|>es, 
 from whence they had the name of bulls. Arbuth. 
 
 It was not till after a fresh bull of Leo's had de- 
 clared how inflexible the court of Rome was in 
 the point of abuses. Atterbury. 
 
 5. A blunder; a contradiction. 
 
 I confess it is what the English call a bull, m 
 the expression, though the sense be manifest 
 enough. Pi^pe't Letters. 
 
 Bull, in composition, generally notes 
 the large size of any thing, as bull-heady 
 bulrush J bull-trout; and is therefore only 
 an augmentative syllable, without much 
 reference to its original signification. 
 
 Bull-baiting, n.s, [from ou I land bait.] 
 The sport of baiting bulls with dogs. 
 
 What am I the wiser for knowing that Trajan 
 was in the fifth year of his tribunesnip, when he 
 entertained the people with a horse-race or bull- 
 baiting ? Addistyn. 
 
 Bull-beef. n. s. [from bull and beef.] 
 Coarse beef; the flesh of bulls. 
 
 B u L 
 
 They waiit tlieir porridge and their fat bull- 
 beeves. Shakesp 
 
 Bull-beggar, n. s. [This word pro- 
 bably came from the insolence of those 
 who begpetl, or raised money by the 
 pope's bull.] Something terrible ; some- 
 thing to fright children with. 
 
 i'hesc fulminutloiis from tlie Vatican were 
 turned into ridicule ; and as thej were called bull- 
 beggars, they were used as words of scorii ;tnd 
 contempt. Aitliff'e. 
 
 Bull-calf. n. s. [from bull and ca//.] 
 A he-calf; used for a stupid fellow : a 
 term of reproach. 
 
 And, Falstalf. you carried your guts away ^i 
 ninihlv and roar d for mercv, and still ran and 
 roared, as e%er I heard a bull-calf. Shakesp. 
 
 Bull-dog. n. s. [{rom bull and dog.] 
 A dog of a particular form, remarkable 
 for his courage. He is used in baiting 
 the bull ; and this species is so peculiar 
 to Britain, that they are said to degene. 
 rate when they are carried to other coun- 
 tries. 
 
 All the harmless part of him is that of a bull- 
 dog ; they are tame no longer thau tJiey are not 
 ofiended. Addison. 
 
 Bull-finch, n. s. [rubicilla.] A sni;;I! 
 bird that has neither song nor whistle of 
 its own, yet is very apt to learn, if taught 
 by the mouth. Phillip sWorld of Words. 
 
 The blackbird whistles from the thorny bra'.e. 
 The mellow bull-Jinch answers from the groves. 
 
 Tliomtcn. 
 
 Bull-fly. 7 ... 
 
 „ > n. s. An msett. 
 
 Bull-bee. ) 
 
 Phillips's IVorld of Words. 
 Bull-head. n.s. [from bull and head-] 
 
 1. A stupid fellow ; a blockhead. 
 
 2. The name of a fish. 
 
 The miller's thumb, or bull-head, is a fish of no 
 pleasing shape ; it has a bead big and flat, much 
 greater than suitable to its body ; a mouth very 
 wide, and usually gaping ; he is without teeth, 
 but his lips are very rougii, much like a file ; h« 
 hath two fins near to his gills, which are roundish 
 or crested ; two fins under his belly, two on the 
 back, one below the vent, arid the fin of the tail 
 is round Nature hath painted the body of this 
 fish with whitish, blackisn, brownish spots. They 
 are usually full of spawn all the summer, which 
 swells their vents in the form of a dog. The bull- 
 head begins to spawn in April ; in winter we know 
 no more w-hat becomes of tliem than of eels or 
 swallows. II alton. 
 
 3. A little black water vermin. 
 
 Phillips's World of Words. 
 Bull-trout, n.s. A large kind of trout. 
 
 There is in Northumberland, a trout called a 
 hull-trout, of a much preater length and bignesi 
 than any in these southern parts. II alton. 
 
 BuLi^wEED. n. s. The same with knap- 
 
 weed. 
 BuLL-WORT, or BiSHOP's-WEED. n. s. 
 
 [ammi, Lat.] A plant. 
 Bullace. n. s. A wild sour plum. 
 
 In October, and the beginning of November, 
 come services, medlars, buUaccs ; roses cut or 
 removed, to come late ; holyoaks, and such like. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Bullet, n. s. [boitlte, Fr.] A round 
 ball of metal, usually shot out of guns. 
 
 As when the devilish iron engine, wrought 
 In deepest hell, and fram"d by furies skill, 
 With windy nitre and quick sulphur fraught, 
 .■\.iid ramm'd with bullet round, ordain'd to kill. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 287
 
 B U L 
 
 Giaffir, their leader, desperately- fighting 
 amongst the foremost df the janizaries, was at 
 once sliot witli two hulletf, and slain. Knotlcs. 
 
 And as tlie built, so dillercnt is the fiuht ; 
 Their mounting sluit is on our sails design'd ; 
 
 Deep in their liulls our deadly bullets light. 
 And through the yielding planks a passage find. 
 
 Drudci}. 
 
 Bu'llion. 71. s. [billon, Fr.] Gold or 
 silver in the lutiip, unwrought, uncoined 
 
 The balance of tra<ie must of necessity be re- 
 turned in coin or bultian. Bacon. 
 
 A second multitude, 
 With wond'rous art, found out the massy ore. 
 Severing each kind, and scumui'd tlic bnllmi dross. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Bullion is silver whose workmanship has no 
 
 value. And thus foreign coin hath no value here 
 
 for its stamp, and our coin is buliuin in foreign 
 
 dominions. _ Litcke. 
 
 In every vessel there is stowasze for inniu-nse 
 
 treasures, when the cargo is pure bulium. Addison. 
 
 BuLLlTION. ". s. [from bullio, Lat.] The 
 
 act or state of boiling. 
 
 There is to be observed in these dissolutions, 
 which will not easily incorporate, what the etVect.^ 
 are, as the bullitioii, the precipitation to the bot- 
 tom, the ejaculation towards the top, the susptn- 
 sion in the midst, and the hke. Bacon. 
 
 Bi/llock. n. s. [from bull.] A young 
 
 bull. 
 
 Why, that's spoken like an honest drover : so 
 
 they sell bullocks. Shakap. 
 
 Some drive the herds ; here the fierce bullock 
 
 scorns 
 
 Th' appointed way, and runs with llireat'ning 
 
 horns. Cowleii. 
 
 Until the transportation of cattle into England 
 
 was prohibited, thequickcst trade of ready money 
 
 here was driven by the sale of young bullocks. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Bu'lly. n. s. [Skinner derives this tvord 
 from burly, as a corruption in the pro- 
 nunciation ; which is very probably 
 right : or from bulky, or bull-eyed ; 
 which are less probable. May it not 
 come from bull, the pope's letter, im- 
 plying the insolence of tliose wlio 
 came invested with authority from the 
 papal court?] A noisy, blustering, quar- 
 relling fellow : it is generally taken for 
 a man, that has only the appearance of 
 courage. 
 
 Mine host of the garter ! — What says mv bnllxj 
 rock? Speak scholarly and wisely. ^\ake>p. 
 
 All on a sudden the doors flew open, and in 
 conies a crew of roaring butties, with theirwenclie«, 
 their dogs, and their bottles. UEstrange. 
 
 *Tis so ridic'lous, but so true withal, 
 A butly cannot sleep without a brawl. Drydcn. 
 
 A scolding here is, at the worst, a more tolera- 
 ble character than a bnllit in petticoats. Addison. 
 
 The little man is ahutlo in his nature, but, when 
 he grows cliolerick, I cunline him till his wrath is 
 over. Addison. 
 
 To Bully, r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 overbear with noise or menaces. 
 
 Prentices, parish clerks, and hectors meet, 
 He that is drnnk, or buth'd, pays tlie treat. King. 
 
 To Bully, v. n. To be noisy and quar- 
 relsome. 
 
 Bu'lrush. n. s. [from bull and rush.] 
 A large rush, such as grows in ri\ ers, 
 without knots ; though Drydtn has 
 given it the epithet knotty ; confound- 
 ing it, probably, with ihe reed. 
 
 To make fine cages for the nightingale, 
 And baskets of bulrushes, was ray wont. Spenser. 
 
 All my praises are but as a bulrush cast upon a 
 stream ; they are born by the strcngtli of the cur- 
 leat. Dryden. 
 
 BUM 
 
 The edges were with bending osiers cro^vn'd ; 
 The knottu bulrush next in order stood, 
 And all within of reeds, a trembling woud. Dri/d, 
 
 BULWARK. n,s. [holwtrcke, Dutcb ; 
 probably only from its strength and 
 largeness.] 
 
 1. \Vhat is now called a bastion, 
 
 liut him the squire made quickly to retreat. 
 Encountering fierce with single s» ord in hand, 
 And 'twixt Iiiin and his lord did like a bulwark 
 stand. Spenser. 
 
 Tliey oft repair 
 Their earthen huluarhs 'gainst the ocean flood, 
 
 Fairfax. 
 We have bidwarhs round us ; 
 Within our walls are troops enur'd to toil. Addis. 
 
 2. A fortiiication. 
 
 Taking away needless fcu/u-arfcs. divers were de- 
 molished upon the sea coasts. Havicard. 
 Our naval strength is a bulTvark to the nation. 
 
 AddUon. 
 
 :3. A security ; a screen : a shelter. 
 
 Some making the wars their bulwark, that have 
 befiire gored the gentle bosom of peace with pil- 
 httje and robbery. Shakcsp. 
 
 To Bulwark, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To fortify; to strengthen with bulwarks. 
 
 And yet no bulwark'd town, or distant coast, 
 Preserves the beauteous youth from being seen. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 BUM. w. 5. [bomme, Dutch.] The but- 
 tocks ; the part on wliich we sit. 
 
 The wisest aunt telling the saddest tale, 
 Soiuetime for three-foot stool mibtaketh me, 
 Then slip 1 from her bum, down topples she. Shak. 
 
 Thi^ said, he gently rais'd the knight. 
 And set him on his bum upright. Hndibras. 
 
 From dusty shops neglected authors come, 
 IMartyrsof pies and relicks of ihtbum. Drijden. 
 
 Tlie learned Sydenham does not doubt, 
 But profound thought will bring tlie gout j 
 And that with/;i(m on couch we lie. 
 Because our reason's soar'd too high. Tt ' n. 
 
 BuMBAlLiFF. n. s, [Tliis is a corruption 
 of bound biiiliff, pronounced by gradual 
 corruption bouji, buuy hum bailiff.] A 
 bailiff of the meanest kind ; one that is 
 employed in arrests. 
 
 Go, Sir Andrew, scout me for hira at the corner 
 of the orchanl, like a bumbailiff. Shnkesp. 
 
 BuMBARD. M. s. [wrong written fur bom- 
 bard ; which see.] A great gun ; a black 
 jack ; a leathern pitcher. 
 
 Vond same black cloud, yond huge one looks 
 Like a foul bumburd, that would shed )iis liquor. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bum BAST. n. s. [falsely written for Aow- 
 bast; bombast and bombasine being men- 
 tioned, with great probability, by Ju- 
 niuSy as coming from boo)n a tree, and 
 sehi silk ; the silk or cotton of a tree. 
 Mr. SteevefiSj with much more proba- 
 bility, deduces them all from homby- 
 cimis^ 
 
 1 . A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon 
 another ; patclnvork. 
 
 The usual bumhast of black bits sewed into er- 
 mine, our English women are made to think very 
 fine. Grtu. 
 
 2. Linen stuffed with cotton; stuffing; 
 wadding. 
 
 We have receiv'd your letters full of lore. 
 And, in our maiden council, rioted them 
 As courtship, pleasant jest, and courtesy'. 
 As bumhast, and as lining to tlie time. Shakesp. 
 
 Bump. ?i.s. [perhaps from i«»«, as being 
 
 prominent.] A swelling; a protuberance. 
 
 It had upon its brow a bump as big as a youuir 
 cockrel's stone ; a perilous knock, and it cried 
 bitterly. Shakes}^. 
 
 BUN 
 
 Not though his teeth are beaten out, his eyes 
 Hang by a string, in bumps his forehead rise. Dryd. 
 
 To Bump. v. a, [from bombus, Lat.] To 
 make a loud noise, or bomb. [See 
 Bomb.] It is applied, I think, only 
 to the bittern. 
 
 Then to the w ater's brink she laid her head, 
 And as a bittour bumps w ilhin a reed, 
 To thee alone, O lake, she said- Dryden. 
 
 Bumper, h. s [from bump.'] A cup iiU^d 
 till the liquor sM*ells over tie brims. 
 
 Places his delight 
 All day in playing bumpers, and at night 
 Reels to the bawds. Dryrffn's Juvenal. 
 
 Bu'mpkin. 71, s, [This word is of uncer- 
 tain etymology ; Henskaw derives it 
 from pumkin^ a kind of worthless gourd, 
 or melon. This seems harsh ; yet we 
 use the word cabbag^e-head in the same 
 sense. Sump is used amongst us for a 
 knob, or lump : may not bumpkin be 
 much tlie same with clodpate, logger- 
 head, blocky and blockhead ?] An awk- 
 ward heavy rustick ; a country lout. 
 
 The poor bumpkin, that had never heard of such 
 delights before, blessed herself at the change of 
 her condition. UEstrange. 
 
 A heavy bumpkin, taught with daily care, 
 Can never dance three steps with a liecoming air. 
 
 DrydeH. 
 
 In his white cloak the magistrate appears ; 
 The country bumpkin the same HvVy wears. Dryd. 
 
 It was a favour to admit them to breeding ; ttiey 
 might be ignorant bumpkins and clowus, if tltey 
 pleased. Li^cke. 
 
 Bu'mpktnly. adj. [ti-ombu7}i]jkin.] Hav- 
 ing the manners or appearance of a 
 clown ; clownish. 
 
 He is a siuiple, blundering, and yet conceited 
 fellow, who, aiming at description, and the rustick 
 wonderful, gives an air of iKtm^/cfn/y romance to 
 all he tells. Clarissa. 
 
 BUNCH, w. s. \buncker, Danish, the 
 crags of the mountains.] 
 
 1 . A hard lump ; a knob. 
 
 They will carry their treasures upon the bunches 
 of camels, to a people that shall not profit them. 
 
 Isauth, XXX. 6. 
 
 He felt the ground, which he had wont to find 
 even and soft, to be grown hard, with little round 
 balls or fciincfte-s, like hard boil'd eggs. Boyle. 
 
 2. A cluster; many of the same kind grow- 
 ing together. 
 
 Vines, with clust'ring feuncAei growing. Shak. 
 
 Titian said, that he knew no better rule for the 
 distribution of the lights and shadows, than his 
 observation drawn from a bunch of grapes. Dryd. 
 
 For thee, large bunches load the bending vine, 
 And the last blessings of the year are thine. Ihyd. 
 
 3. A number of things tied together. 
 
 And on his arms a bu>u:ho( ke\s he bore. Fa.Q. 
 
 All! I know not wh;U ye call all; but if I 
 fou<;lit not with fifty of them, I am a hunch of 
 radHish. Shakesp. 
 
 Aixient Jauus, with his double face 
 And bunch of keys, the porter of the place. Dryd. 
 
 The mother's hunch of keys, or any thing they 
 cannot hurt themselves with, serves to divert littfe 
 children. Locke. 
 
 4. Any thing bound into a knot; as, a 
 bunch of ribbon ; a tuft. 
 
 Upon the top of all his lofty crest, 
 Abnnch of hairs discover'd diversly, 
 \Vith sprinkled pearl and gold full richly drest. 
 
 Spenstr. 
 
 To Bunch, r. j>. [from the noun.] To 
 swell out in a bunch ; to grow out in 
 protuberances. 
 
 It has the resemblance of a champignon before 
 it is opened, bunching out into a large round knob 
 at one end. Woodward. 
 
 23S
 
 BUN 
 
 BiTNCHBA'cKED. adj. [from hunch and 
 back.'] Having bunches on the back ; 
 crookbacked. 
 
 Tliedav shall come, that thou shalt wish for me, 
 To help tnee curse this pois'nous bunchback'd toad. 
 
 ahukesp. 
 
 Bu'nchiness. n.s. [from bunchy.] The 
 quality of being bunchy, or growing in 
 bunches. 
 
 Bunchy, adj. [from bunch.] Growing 
 in bunches ; having tufts. 
 
 He is more especially distinguished from other 
 birds, by liis bunchy tail, aud the shorUiess of his 
 legs. Grew. 
 
 BUNDLE, n. s. [bynble. Sax. from 
 
 bynb.] 
 ] . A number of things bound together. 
 
 As to the bundles of petitions in parliament, 
 they were, for the most part, petitions of private 
 
 persons. 
 
 Hde. 
 
 Try lads, can you this bundle httnk ;— 
 'J*hen bids the youngest of the six 
 Take up a well-bound heap of sticks. Swift. 
 
 2 A roll ; any thing rolled up. 
 
 She carried a great bundle of Flanders lace 
 under her arm; but finding herself overluaden, 
 she dropped the good man, and brought away the 
 bundle Spectator. 
 
 To Bu'ndle. v. a. [from tlie noun.] To 
 tie in a bundle ; to tie together ; with up. 
 
 We ought to put things together as well as we 
 can, doctl-ina causa ; but, after all, several things 
 wUI not be bundled up together, under our terms 
 and ways of speaking. Locke. 
 
 See how the double nation lies. 
 Like a rich coat with skirts of frize ; 
 As if a man, in making posies. 
 Should bundle thistles up with roses. Swi)i. 
 
 BUNG. n. s. [bing, Welsh.] A stopple 
 for a barrel. 
 
 After three nights arc expired, the next morning 
 pull out the bung, stick, or plug. Mortimer. 
 
 To Bung. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 stop ; to close up. 
 
 Bu'nghole. n. s. [from bung and hole] 
 Tlie hole at whicii the barrel is filled, 
 and which is afterwards stopped up. 
 
 Why may not imagination trace the noblest 
 dust o'f Alexander, tillTie find it stopping a bung- 
 hole ? Shakesp. 
 
 To BUNGLE. V. 11. [See Bungler.] 
 To perform clumsily. 
 
 "When men want light, 
 
 Tliey make but bungling work. Dri/rf. 
 
 Letters to me are not seldom opened, and then 
 
 sealed iu a bungling manner before they come to 
 
 my hands Swift. 
 
 To Bu'ngle. v. a. To botch ; to manage 
 clumsily ; to conduct awkwardly : with 
 up. 
 
 Other devils, that suggest by treasons. 
 Do botch and bmtgle itp damnation, 
 "With patches, colours, and with forms, being 
 
 felcht 
 From glist'ring semblances of piety. Shakesp. 
 They make lame mischief, though they mean 
 *it well : 
 Their int'rest is not finely drawn, aiid hid. 
 But seams are coarsely bungled up, and seen. Dri/. 
 
 Bu'ngle. n.j. [from the verb.] A botch ; 
 an awkwardness ; an inaccuracy ; a 
 clumsy performance. 
 
 Errours and bungles are committed, when the 
 matter is inapt or contumacious. Haii on the Crea. 
 
 Bu'NGLER. n. s. [hwngkr, Welsh ; q. bun 
 y gltr, i. e. tlie last or lowest of the pro- 
 fession. Davies.] A bad workman ; a 
 clumsy performer ; a man without skill. 
 
 B U O 
 
 Painters, at the first, were such bunglers, and 
 so rude, that, when they drew a cow or a liog, 
 they were fain to write over the head what it was ; 
 otherwise the beholder knew not what to make of 
 it. Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 Hard features every bungler can command ; 
 To draw true beauty shews a master's hand. 
 
 Drifdcn. 
 
 A bungler thus, who scarce the nail can hit. 
 With driving wrong will make the panuel split. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Bu'nglingly. adv. [from bungling.] 
 Clumsily ; awkwardly. 
 
 To denominate them monsters, they must have 
 had some system of parts, compounded of solids 
 and fluids, tliat executed, though but bungUugh, 
 their peculiar functions. Beiitleif. 
 
 BuNN. n. s. [bunelo. Span.] A kind of 
 sweet bread. 
 
 Thy songs are sweeter to mine ear. 
 Than to the thirsty cattle rivers clear. 
 Or w inter porridge to the lab'ring youth. 
 Or bunns and sugar to the damseVs tooth. 
 
 Gail's Pastorah;. 
 
 Bunt. n. s. [corrupted, as Sfrin/ier thinks, 
 from 6(71^] A swelling part; an in- 
 creasing cavity. 
 
 The wear is a frith, reaching slopewise through 
 the ooze, from the land to low water mark, and 
 having in it a buyit, or cod, with an eye-hook, 
 where the tish entering. u})on the coming back 
 with the ebb, are stopped from issuing out again, 
 forsaken by the water, and left dry on the ooze. 
 
 Curew. 
 
 To Bunt. r. n. [from the noun.] To 
 swell out: as, the sail bunts out. 
 
 Bu'nter. n. s. .\ cant word for a woman 
 who picks up rags about the street ; and 
 used by way of contempt, for any low 
 vulgar woman. 
 
 Bu'nting. n.s. [emberiza alba.] The 
 name of a bird. 
 I took this lark for a bunting. Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'nting. n. s. The stuff of which a 
 
 ship's colours are made. 
 BUOY. n. s. [boue, or boye, Fr. hot/a. 
 Span.] A piece of cork or wood float- 
 ing on the water, tied to a weight at the 
 bottom. 
 
 The fishermen, that walk upon the beach, 
 Appear like mice : and yond tall anchoring bark 
 Diminish'd to her cock ; her cock a buoti. 
 Almost too small for sight. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Like buous that never sink into the flood. 
 On learning's surface we but lie and nod. 
 
 Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 To Buoy. r. a. [from the noun. The (/ 
 is mute in both.] To keep afloat ; to 
 bear up. 
 
 All art is used to sink episcopacy, and launch 
 prcsliyterv, in England; which was lately /un'vffi 
 up in'Scotland, by the like artifice of a covenant. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 The water which rises out of the abyss, for the 
 sup|)l3' of springs and rivers, would not have 
 stopped at the surface of the earth, but marched 
 directly up into the atmosphere, wherever there 
 was heat enough in the air to continue its ascent, 
 and buoi) it up. Woodward's Xii(. Hist. 
 
 To Buoy. i'. n. To float ; to rise by spe- 
 cifick lightness. 
 Rising merit will buoij up at last. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 Buo'yancy. n. s. [from buoyant.] The 
 quality of floating. 
 
 All the winged tribes owe their flight aiul buoii- 
 ancu to it. Derham's PhysWi^Theologp. 
 
 Buo'yant. adj. [from buoy.] Floating ; 
 light ; that which will not sink. Dryden 
 uses the word, perhaps improperly, for 
 
 BUR 
 
 something that has density enough to 
 hinder a floating body from sinking. 
 
 I sworn with the tide, and the water under luc 
 was buoyant. _ _ Dryden. 
 
 His once so vivid nerves. 
 So full of buoyant spirit now no more 
 Inspire the course. Thomson's .Autumn. 
 
 Bur, iiouR, IIor, come from the Sax. 
 bup, an inner chamber, or place of shade 
 and retirement. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 Bur. n. s. [lappa : bourre, Fr. is down ; 
 the bur being filled with a soft tomen- 
 tum, or down.] A rough head of a 
 plant, called a burdock, which sticks 
 to the hair or clothes. 
 
 Nothing teems 
 
 But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burt. 
 
 Losing both beauty and utility. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 Hang oft", thou cat, ihou bur; vile thing, let 
 
 loose ; 
 
 Or 1 will shake thee from me like a serjient. Shah. 
 
 Dependents and suitors are always thedurs, and 
 
 sometimes the briers, of favourites. Wotton, 
 
 Whither betake lier 
 
 From the chill dew, amongst rude burs and 
 
 thistles. MiUan. 
 
 Aiid where the vales with violets once were 
 
 crowu'd. 
 
 Now knotty 6urs and thorns disgrace the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 .\ fellow stuck like a bur, that there was no 
 
 shaking him oli". Arbuthnot's Hist, of John Bull. 
 
 Burbot, n.s. A fish full of prickles. Diet. 
 
 BuRDELAls. n. s. A sort of grape. 
 
 BU'RDEN. H. s. [In'Ti^Sen, Sax. and 
 therefore properly written burthen. It 
 is supposed to come from bnrdo, Lat. a 
 mule.] 
 
 1 . A load ; something to be carried. 
 
 Camels have their provender 
 Onlv for bearing burdens, and sore blows 
 For 'sinking under tlicra. Shakesp. Coriolanut. 
 
 It is of use in lading cf ships, and may help to 
 shew what burden, inlhe several kinds, they will 
 bear. Bacon's Phusical Remains. 
 
 2. Something grievous or wearisome, 
 
 Couhlst thou support 
 That fcurrffn, heavier than the earth to bear .' 'ilUt. 
 
 None of the things that are to learn, should 
 ever be made a burden to lliem, or imposed on 
 them as a task. Locke, 
 
 Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, 
 To all my friends a burden grown. Sicift. 
 
 3. A birth : now obsolete. 
 
 Thou hadst a wife once, call'd .Emilia. 
 That bore thee at a burden two fair sons. Shakesp. 
 
 4. The verse repeated in a song ; the bob ; 
 the chorus. 
 
 At cv'ry close she made, th' attending throng 
 Reply'd,"and bore the burden of tlie sow'. 
 
 * ^ Dryden s Fablet. 
 
 5. The quantity that a ship will carry, or 
 the capacity of a ship : as, a ship of a 
 hundred tons burden. 
 
 To Burden, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 load ; to incumber. 
 Burden not thyself above thy power. 
 
 Ecchis. xiii. 2. 
 
 I mean not that other men be eased, aiid you 
 
 burdened' Corinthians, viii. IS. 
 
 With meat and drinks they had suffic'd. 
 Not burden'd nature. Milton. 
 
 BuRDENER. n. s. [from burden.] A 
 
 loader : an oppressor. 
 Bu'rdenoi s. adj. [from burden.] 
 1. Grievous; oppressive: wearisome. 
 
 JIake no jest of that which hath so earnestly 
 pierced me tlirough, nor let lliat be light to thee 
 whicli t<» me is so burdenous. Sidney. 
 
 •2. Useless; cumbersome. 
 
 239
 
 BUR 
 
 To what can I be useful, wlierein serve, 
 ■ But to sit idle oil tlie household hearth, 
 A burd'rwus drone, to visitants a gaze. 
 
 J\uUon's Sampsim Agonistes. 
 
 Bu'rdensome. adj. [from burden.] 
 Grievous ; troublesome to be born. 
 
 His leisure told liini that his lime was come, 
 And lack of load made his life burdensome. Milton. 
 
 Could I hut live till bttrdensomc they prove, 
 My life would be immortal as my love. 
 
 DrijdeHS Indian Emperonr. 
 
 Assistances always attending us, upon the easy 
 londition of our prayers, and oy wliicii the most 
 ■urdensome duty will become liglit and easy. 
 
 Itogers. 
 
 Bu'rden.someness. n.s. [from burden- 
 some.] Weight; heaviness; uneasiness 
 to be born. 
 Burdock, n. s. [persolata.] A plant. 
 Bureau', n. s. [bureau. Fr.] A chest of 
 drawers with a writing-board. It is 
 pronounced as if it were spelt buro. 
 For not the desk with silver nails. 
 
 Nor bureau of expence. 
 Nor standish well japann'd, avails 
 To writing of good sense, Stvift. 
 
 Burg. n. s. See BuRROw. 
 
 Bu'rgage. n.s. [from btirg, or burroic] 
 A tenure proper to cities and towns, 
 wherel)y men of cities or burrows hold 
 their lands or tenements of the king, or 
 other lord, for a certain yearly rent. 
 
 Coivell. 
 
 The gross of tlie borough i.s surveyed together 
 in the beginning of the county ; but there are 
 some other particular biirgagoi thereof, mentioned 
 under the titles of particular men's possessions. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Bu'rgamot. w. s. \bergamotte, Fr.] 
 
 1. A species of pear. 
 
 2. A kind of perfume. 
 Bu'rganet. )^ n. s. [from httrginotcj 
 Bu'rgonet. j Fr.] A kind of helmet. 
 
 Upon his head his blistering httrgauct. 
 The which was wrought by wondcrous device, 
 And curiously engraven, he did fit, 
 
 Spenser's Muiopotnws. 
 
 This day I'll wear aloft my burgnnet, 
 Ev'n to all'right ihee with the view thereof. Slink. 
 
 I was page to a footman, carrying after Inni Iiis 
 |iike and b.'.jganct. Hahcmll on Providence. 
 
 BURGEOIS. n. s. [bourgeois, Fr.l 
 
 1. A citizen ; a burgess. 
 
 It is a rejiublick itself, under the firotection of 
 the eight ancient cantons. Tliere are in it an hun- 
 dred burgeois, and about a tliousand souls. 
 
 Addison ou lUdtj. 
 
 2. A type of a particular sort, probably 
 called so from him who first used it ; as. 
 
 Laugh where we must, be candid where 
 we can, 
 But vindicate the ways of God to man. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Bu'rgess. n. s. [bourgeois, Fr.] 
 
 1. A citizen ; a freeman of a city or cor- 
 porate town. 
 
 2. A representative of a town corporate. 
 
 The whole case was dispersed by the knights of 
 shires, and burgesses of towns, througli all the 
 veins of the land. PI otton. 
 
 BURGH. ». s. [See Burrow.] A cor- 
 porate town or burrow. 
 
 Many towns in Cornwal, when they were first 
 allowed to send burgesses to the parliament, bare 
 another proportion to London than now ; for 
 several of these burghs send two burgesses, w hereas 
 London itself sends but four. Oraujit. 
 
 BUR 
 
 Bu'rgher. 71. s. [from bit7'gh.] One 
 ■who l)as a right to certain privileges in 
 this or that place. Locke, 
 
 It irks me, the poor dappled fools. 
 Being native burg}urso( this' desart city, 
 Sliould in their own confines, with forked heads, 
 Have their round haunches gor'd. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 After the multitude of the common people was 
 
 dismissed, and the chief of the burghers sent for, 
 
 the imperious letter was read before the better 
 
 sort of citizens. Knnllcs. 
 
 Bu'rghership. n. s, [from burgher.] 
 
 The privilege of a burgher. 
 Bu'rgmaster. See Burgomaster. 
 Bu'rglar. 71. s. One guilty of the crime 
 
 of house-breaking. 
 BURGLARY, n.s, [from iwr^ a house, 
 
 and ht7'7'07i a thief.] 
 
 In the natural signification, is nothing but the 
 robbing of a house ; but, as it is a term of art, 
 our common lawyers restrain it to robbing a house 
 by night, or breaking in with an intent to rob, or 
 to do some other felony. The like otlciicc, com- 
 mitted by day, they call house-robbing, by a 
 peculiar name. Cou.ell. 
 
 What say you, father? Burglary is but a vcni;U 
 sin among soldiers. Dryden^s Spinmh Friar. 
 
 Bu'rgomaster. 71. s. [from burg and 
 master.] One employed in the govern- 
 ment of a city, 
 
 Tliey chuse their councils and burgomasters out 
 of the burgeois, as in the other governments of 
 Switzerland. Addison. 
 
 BiJRH, Is a tower; and, from that^ a de- 
 fence or protection : so divenhurh is a 
 woman ready to assist ; Cuthbur, emi- 
 nent for assistance. Gibson's Camde7t, 
 
 Bu'rial. 71. s. [from To btiri/ .] 
 
 1. The act of burying ; sepulture; inter- 
 ment. 
 
 Nor would we deign him burial of his men. 
 
 Shake.'>p. 
 Seemj wealthy Andrew dock'd in sand, 
 Vaiiingher high top lower than her ribs, 
 To kiss her burial. Shakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 Your body I souglit, and, had I found, 
 Design'd for buiial m your native ground. 
 
 Vrydcns JEneid. 
 
 2. The act of placing any thing under 
 earth or water. 
 
 We have great lakes, both salt and fresh ; we 
 use them for burials of some natural bodies; for 
 we find a dillerence of things buried in earth, and 
 things buried in water. hacon. 
 
 3. The church service for funerals. 
 
 The office of tlie church is performed by the 
 parish i)ricst, at the time of interment, if not pro- 
 hibited unto persons excommunicated, and laving 
 violent hands on tliemselves, by a rubrick of the 
 buritd service. ^ylife's Paragon. 
 
 Bu'rier. n. s. [from bury.] He that 
 buries ; he that performs the act of in- 
 terment. 
 
 Let one spirit of the first-born Cain 
 Reign in all bosoms, that, each heart being set 
 On bloody courses, the rude scene may end. 
 And darkness be the burier of the dead. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. IX. 
 
 BU'RINE. n. s, [French.] A graving 
 tool ; a graver- 
 Wit is like the graver's ?/uWn(- upon copper, or 
 the corrodings of aquafortis, which engrave and 
 indent the characters, tliat they can never be de- 
 faced. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 To Burl. r. a. To dress cloth as fullers 
 do. Diet. 
 
 Bu'rlace. w. s. [corruptly written for 
 burdelais.] A sort of grape. 
 
 BUR 
 
 BURLE'SQUE. adj. [Fr. from burla7'€, 
 Ital. to jest.] Jocular; tending to raise 
 laughter by unnatural or unsuitable lan- 
 guage or images. 
 
 ^ Homer, in his character of Vulcan and Ther- 
 sitcs, in his story of Mars and Venus, in his be- 
 haviour of Irus, and in other passages, has been 
 observed to have lapsed into the burlesque charac- 
 ter, and to have departed from that serious air, 
 essential to the magnificence of an cpick poem. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Burle'sque. w. s. Ludicrous language 
 or ideas ; ridicule. 
 
 When a man lays out a twelvemonth on the 
 spots in llie sun, however noble his speculations 
 may be, tliey are very apt to fall into bnrUsnue. 
 
 Addison on Ancietit Medab. 
 
 To Burle'sque. v. a. [from the adjec- 
 tive.] To turn to ridicule. 
 
 Would Homer apply the epithet divine to a 
 modern swineherd ? if not, it is an evidence that 
 Kumeus was a man of consequence ; otherwise 
 Homer would burlesque his own poetry. 
 
 nroome's Notes on the Odyssey. 
 
 Bu'rliness. 7i. s. [from burly ^ Bulk; 
 
 bluster. 
 BURLY, adj. \j7i7iius has no etymo- 
 logy ; Ski7i7ier imagines it to come from 
 boarlike, clownish.] Great of stature; 
 great of size ; bulky; tumid. 
 
 Steel, if thou turn thine edge, or cut not out 
 
 the burly boned clown in chines of beef, ere thou 
 
 sleep in thy sheath, I beseech Jove, that thou 
 
 ma;>''st be tijrn'd into hobnails. Shakesp. 
 
 It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. 
 
 Cowley. 
 Away with all your Carthaginian state, 
 Let vanquish'd Hannibal w ithout doors wait. 
 Too burly and too big to pass my narrow gate. 
 
 Vryden . 
 
 Her husband being a very burly man, she 
 
 thought it would be less trouble for lier to bring 
 
 away little Cupid. Addisim. 
 
 To BURN. V. a. preterite and participle 
 hurnedy or burnt, [bejinan, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To consume with fire. 
 
 They ?)Hrnt Jericho with fire. Joshua. 
 
 The'fire burnetii tlie wood. Psalms. 
 
 Altar of Syrian mode, whereon to burn 
 His odious offerings. Milton. 
 
 That where she fed his amorous desires 
 With soft complaints, and felt his hottest fires. 
 There other flames miglit waste his earthly part. 
 And burn his limbs where love had bum'd his 
 lieart. Dryden. 
 
 Afleshy excrescence, becoming exceeding nard, 
 is supposed to demand extirpation, by burning 
 away the induration, or amputating. 
 
 Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 2. To wound or hurt with fire or heat. 
 
 Hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burn- 
 ing, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 
 
 Esoatis, xxi. 25. 
 
 3. To exert the qualities of heat, as by 
 drying or scorching. 
 
 O that I could but weep, to vent my passion ! 
 But this dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryd. 
 
 To Burn. v. w. 
 
 1 . To be on fire ; to be kindled. 
 
 A fire devoureth before them, and behind them 
 a flame burneth ; the land is as the garden of Bden 
 before them, and behind thera a desolate wilder- 
 ness. Joel. 
 
 The mount burned with fire. Eiodtts. 
 
 O coward conscience, how dost thou afllict me ! 
 The light burns blue. Is it not dead midnight .'' 
 Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To shine; to sparkle. 
 
 The barge she sat in, like a burnish'd throne, 
 1 Brunt on tne water. Shakesp. 
 
 £40
 
 BUR 
 
 Oh prince '. oh wherefore burn, your eyes ? and 
 whv 
 Is your sweet temper turn'd to fury ? Roue. 
 
 S. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 
 
 When 1 bnriU in desire to question them far- 
 ther, they made themselves air, iiito wliich they 
 vanislicd. . Shakcsp. 
 
 Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perish, Tranio, 
 If I acliieve not this young modest girl !^ Shakesp. 
 
 In Raleigh mark their ev'ry glory nlix'd ; 
 Raleigh, tlie scourge of Spain.whosc breast wiih all 
 The sage, the patriot, and the hero bum'd. ThoTns. 
 
 4. To act with destructive violence: used 
 
 of the passions. 
 Shall thy wrath burn like fire ? Psalms. 
 
 5. To be in a state of destructive commo- 
 tion. 
 
 The nations bleed where'er her steps she turns. 
 The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 6. It is used particularly of love. 
 She burns, she raves, she dies, 'tis true ; 
 
 But bums, and raves, and dies, for yuu. Addison. 
 Burn. 7i. s. [from the verb.] A hurt 
 caused by fire. 
 
 We sec the phlegm of vitriol is a very effectual 
 
 remedy against burns. Boi^le. 
 
 Bu'RNER. n. s. [from burn.] A person 
 
 that burns any thing. 
 Burnet, n. s. [pimpinella, Lat] The 
 name of a plant. 
 
 Tlie even mead, that erst brought sweetly forth 
 The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'RNING. m. *. [from bum.l Fire ; 
 flame; state of inflainmation. 
 
 The mind surely, of itself, can feel none of the 
 burnings of a fever. South. 
 
 In liquid burnings, or on dry, to dwell. 
 Is all the sad variety of hell. Dryden. 
 
 Bu'RNING. adj. [from the participle.] 
 Vehement ; powerful. 
 
 These things sting him 
 So venomous!^', that burning shame detains hira 
 From his Cordelia. Shakesp. 
 
 I had a glimpse of him ; hut he shot by me 
 Like a young hound ujion a burning scejit. Dryd. 
 
 Bu'rning-glass. n. s. [from burning 
 and glass.] A glass which collects the 
 rays of the sun into a narrow compass, 
 and so increases their force. 
 
 The appetite of her C3'e did seem to scorch me 
 up like a burning-glass. Shakesp. 
 
 Love is of the nature of a burning-glass, wliich, 
 kept still in one place, fircth ; cTianged often, 
 it doth nothing. Suckling. 
 
 O diadem, tliou centre of ambition. 
 Where all its dilferent lines are rec(mcird. 
 As if thou wert the burning-glass of glory ! Dri/rf. 
 
 To BU'RNISH. V. a, [burnir, Fr.] to 
 polish ; to give a gloss to. 
 
 Mislike me not for my complexion, 
 The shadow'd livery of the burnished sun, 
 To whom I ara a neighbour, and near bred. Shah 
 
 Make a plate of them, and burnish it as they do 
 iron. Bacon. 
 
 The frame of hmnish'd steel, that cast a glare 
 From far, and secm'd to thaw the freezing air. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 To Bu'rnish. v. n. To grow bright or 
 glossy, 
 
 I've seen a snake in human form, 
 All stain'd with infamy and vice, 
 Ix'ap from the dunghill in a trice. 
 Burnish, and make a gaudy show. 
 Become a gen'ral, peer, aiid beau. Su-ift. 
 
 To Burnish, r. ti. [of uncertain etymo- 
 logy.] To grow ; to spread out. 
 
 This theycould do, while Saturn fill'd the throne, 
 Ere Juno burnish^df or young Jove was grown. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 BUR 
 
 Tu shoot, and spread, and bumiih into man. I 
 
 Druden. 
 
 JNIrs. Primley's great belly she may lace down 
 
 before, but it burnishes on herliips. Congreve. 
 
 Burnisher, n. s. [from bm-nish.] 
 
 1. The person that burnishes or polishes. 
 
 2. The tool with wliich bookbinders give 
 a gloss to the leaves of books : it is com- 
 monly a dog's tooth set in a stick. 
 
 Burnt, parlicip. pans, of burn : applied 
 to liquors, it means made hot. 
 
 I find it very difficult to know. 
 Who, to refresh th' attendants to a grave. 
 Burnt claret first, or Naples biscuit gave. King. 
 
 Burr. n.s. The lobe or lap of the ear. Z)lc^ 
 
 Burr Pump. [In a ship ] A pump by the 
 side of a ship, into which a staff seven 
 or eight feet long is put, having a burr 
 or knob of wood at the end, which is 
 drawn up by a rope fastened to the mid- 
 dle of it: called also abilge-pump.Harr. 
 
 BuRRAS Pipe. [With surgeons.] An in- 
 strument or vessel used to keep corrod- 
 ing powders in, as vitriol, precipitate. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Bu'rrel. n.s. A sort of pear, otherwise 
 called the red butter pear, from its 
 smooth, delicious, and soft pulp. Phill. 
 
 Bu'rrel Fly. n. s. [from bovrrelcr, Fr. to 
 execute, to torture.] An insect, called 
 also o.tjlii, gndbee, or breeze. Diet. 
 
 Bu'rrel Shot, [from bourrcler, to exe- 
 cute, and shot.] In gunnery, small bul- 
 lets, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c. 
 put into cascs.to be discharged out of the 
 ordnance ; a sort of case-shot. Harris. 
 
 Bu'rrock. n. s. A small wear or dam, 
 wliere wheels are laid in a river for 
 catching of fish. Phillips. 
 
 Bu'rrow, Berg, Burg, Burgh, n.s. 
 [derived froiu the Saxon, bupj, bypj, a 
 city, tower, or castle. Gibsoti's Camden.] 
 
 1, A corporate town, that is not a city, 
 but such as sends burgesses to the parlia- 
 ment. All places that, in former days, 
 were called boroughs, were such as were 
 fenced or fortified. Cowell. 
 
 K ing of England shalt thovi be proclaim'd 
 In ev'ry burrow, as we pa«s along. Shakesp. 
 
 Possession of land was the original right of dec 
 tion among tlie commons ; and burrows were en- 
 titled to sit, as they were possessed of certain tracts. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 2. The holes made in the groimd by conies. 
 
 When they shall see his crest up again, and the 
 man in blood, they will out of their burrows, like 
 conies after rain, and revel all with him. Shakesp. 
 To Burrow. v.?i, [from the noun.] To 
 make holes in the ground ; to mine, as 
 conies or rabbits. 
 
 Some strew sand among their com, which they 
 sav, prevents mice and rats burrotcing in it ; be- 
 ca'use of its falling into their ears. Mortimer. 
 
 Little sinuses would form, and burrow under- 
 neath. Stiarp. 
 
 Bu'rsar. n. s. [bursarius, Lat.] 
 
 1. The treasiu-er of a college. 
 
 2. Students sent as exhibitioners to the 
 universities in Scotland by each presby- 
 tery, from whom thej' have a small 
 yearly allowance for four j'ears. 
 
 Burse, n. s. [bourse, Fr. bursa, Lat. a 
 
 B U R 
 
 purse ; or from bi/rsa, Lat. the exchange 
 of Carthage.] .An exchange where mer- 
 chants meet, and shops are kept ; so call- 
 ed, because tlie sign of the purse was 
 anciently set over such a place. The 
 exchange in the Strand was termed Bri- 
 tain's Burse by James I. Phillips. 
 To BURST. V. n. I hunt; 1 have burst, 
 
 or bur.iten. [bupj-ran. Sax.] 
 I. To break, or fly open ; to suffer a vio- 
 lent disruption. 
 
 So shall thy barns be filled with plentv.and thy 
 presses shall burst out with new wine. Pror.iii.lO. 
 It is ready to burst like new bottles. Job. 
 
 Th' egg, that soon 
 Pnrsiins with kindly rupture, forth disclos'd 
 The callow youn". Milton. 
 
 i. To fly asunder. 
 
 Yet I am thankful ; if my heart were great, 
 'Twould burst at this. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To break away; to spring. 
 Vou burst, ah cruel ! from my arras, 
 And swiftly shoot along the ^lall. 
 Or softly gliile by the canal. Popt. 
 
 i. To come suddenly. 
 
 A resolved villain, 
 \^ hose bowels suddenly burst out ; the king 
 Yet speaks, and peradventure may recover. S/iaA 
 
 If the worlds 
 In worlds inclos'd should on his senses burst. 
 He would abhorrent tuni. Thomson. 
 
 5. To come with violence. 
 
 Well didst tliou.Richard, to suppress thy voice: 
 For had the passions of thy heart burst out, 
 I fear we should have seen decypher'd there 
 More ranc'rous spite. Sliakesp. 
 
 AVhcre is the notable passage over the river Eu- 
 phrates, 6uriVj«^ out by the valliesof the mountein 
 Antifaurus ; from whence the plains of iVIesopo- 
 tamia, then part of the Persian kingdom, begin to 
 open themselves. Krwllcs. 
 
 Y'oung spring protrudes the bursting gems. 
 
 Tlu^rnson. 
 
 6. To begin an action violently or suddenly. 
 
 She burst into tears, and wrung her hands. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 To Burst, v. a. To break suddenly ; to 
 make a quick and violent disruption. 
 
 Jly breast I'll burst witli straining of my cou- 
 rase. 
 And from my shoulders crack my arms asunder. 
 But I will chastise this high-minded strumpet. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 lie fasten'd on my neck, and bellow 'd out, 
 As if he would bursihcav^ii. Shakesp. 
 
 I will break his voke from olf thy neck, and 
 will hurst thv band's. " Jer. sxx. 8. 
 
 Moses saith also,the fountains of the great abyss 
 were burst asunder, to make the deluge ; and what 
 means this abyss, and the bursting of it, if restrain- 
 ed to .Tudea ?'whatai>pearance isthercof this dis- 
 ruption there. Burnrt's Vieory. 
 
 If the iuices of an animal body were, so as by 
 the mLiitiire of the oppositcs, to cause an ebullition, 
 thev would burst the vessels. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Burst. «. s. [froiu the verb.] A sudden 
 disruption ; a sudden and violent action 
 
 of any kind. 
 
 Since I was man, 
 Such sheets of fire, such fcursf of horrid thunder, 
 Such groans of roaring wind and rain, I never 
 Kemeiilber to have heard. Shakesp. 
 
 Down thev came, and drew 
 The w hole roof after them, » ith irursJ of thunder. 
 Upon the heads of all. Milton. 
 
 Iraprison'd fires, in the close dungeons pent ; 
 Roar to get loose, and struggle for a vent ; 
 Eating tlieir way, and undermining all. 
 Till with a raiglliy burst whole mountains fall. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Burst. \particip.adj. [from burst.] 
 
 Bu'rsten. f Diseased with a hernia, or 
 
 rupture. 241 
 
 li
 
 t. v.a. 1 
 i.s. J 
 
 See Burden. 
 
 BUS 
 
 Bu'rstenness. n. s. [from burst.] A 
 rupture, or hernia. 
 
 Bu'rstwort. ti. s. [from burst and wort ; 
 heniiaria, Lat.] An herb good against 
 ruptures. Diet. 
 
 Burt. n.s. A flat fish of the turbot kind 
 
 To Burthen 
 
 Burthen, n 
 
 Sacred to ridicule Iiis whole life long, 
 And the sad burthen of some merry song. Pope. 
 
 Bu'rton. n.s. [In a ship.] A small tac- 
 kle to be fastened any where at pleasure, 
 consisting of two single puUies, for hoist- 
 ing small things in or out. Phillips. 
 
 Bu'ry. n.s. [from bup5, Sax.] A dwell- 
 ing-place; a termination still added to 
 the names of several places ; as, Aldtr- 
 manhury, St. Edmund's Bury ; some- 
 times written bcry. Phillips. 
 
 Bu'ry. n. s. [corrupted from borough.] 
 
 It is his nature to dig himself buries, as the 
 coney doth ; ^vliich he duth with very great cele- 
 rity. Grew. 
 
 To BURY. V. a. [byjiijean, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . To inter ; to put into a grave. 
 
 AVhcn he lies along, 
 After 3-our way his tale pronounc'u, shall bury 
 His reasons vruh his body. Shalie^p. 
 
 2. To inter, with the rites and ceremonies 
 of sepulture. 
 
 Slave ! thou hast slain rae! 
 If ever thou wilt thrive, b}iry my body. Shahesp. 
 
 If you have kindness left, there see me laid ; 
 To bury decently the injur'd maid, 
 Is all the favour. Waller. 
 
 3. To conceal ; to hide. 
 
 Tliis is the way to make the city flat, 
 And bury all, which yet distinctly ranges. 
 In heaps and piles of ruin. Shahesp. 
 
 4. To place one thing within another. 
 
 A tearing groan did break 
 The name nf Antony ; it was divided 
 Between licr heart and lips ; she render'd life, 
 Thy name so bury'd in her. Shahesp. 
 
 Bu'rying-place. n.s. A place appoint- 
 ed for the sepulture of dead bodies 
 
 The place was foruierly a clnirch-yard, and has 
 still several marks in it of graves and burying- 
 pbices. Spectator. 
 
 BUSH' n. s. [bois, French.] 
 
 1. A thick shrub. 
 
 Eft through the thick thcyhcard one rudelyrush, 
 With noise whereof, he froui his lofty steed 
 Down fell to ground, and crept into a bush. 
 To hide his coward head from dying dread. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 The poller and exacter of fees, justifies the re- 
 semblance of the courts of justice to the hush, 
 whereunto while the sheep flies for defence from 
 the weather, he is sure to lose part of the fleece. 
 Bacons Essays. 
 Her heart was that strange busk, whose sacred 
 fire 
 Heligion did not consume, but inspire 
 Such piety, so chaste use of God's day 
 That what we tum'd to feast, she turn'd to pray. 
 
 Donne. 
 With such a care, 
 As roses from their stalks we tear, 
 When we would still prefer them new. 
 And fresh as on the bush they grew. Tra//er. 
 
 The sacred ground 
 Shall weeds and pois'nons plants refuse to bear ; 
 Each counnon bush shall Syrian roses wear. Vryd. 
 
 2. A bough of a tree fixed up at a door, 
 to shew that liquors are sold there. 
 
 If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 'tis 
 true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shahesp. 
 
 To Bush. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 grow thick. 
 
 BUS 
 
 The roses bushing TOtrnd 
 About lier glow'd, half stooping to support 
 Each flower of tender stalk . Milton. 
 
 A gushing fountain broke 
 Around it, and above, for ever green. 
 The bushing alders formed a shady scene. 
 _ Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Bu'sHEL. n.s. [boisseau, Tr. bussellus, 
 low Lat.] 
 
 1. A measure containing eight gallons; a 
 strike. 
 
 His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid in 
 Ivio bushels of chart'; you shall seek all day ere 
 you find them ; and when you have them, they 
 are nut worth the search. Shahesp. 
 
 2. It is used, in common language, inde- 
 finitely for a large quantity. 
 
 The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest 
 pictures with bu.shch of gold, without counting the 
 weight or the number of pieces. Dryiien. 
 
 3. Bushels of a cart-wheel. Irons within 
 the hole of the nave, to preserve it from 
 wearing, [from bouche, Fr. a mouth.] 
 
 Diet. 
 Bu'SHiNESS. n. s. [from bushy.] The 
 
 quality of being bushy. 
 Bu'sHMENT. n. s. [from bush.] A thick- 
 et ; a cluster of bushes. 
 
 Princes thought how they might discharge the 
 earth of woods, briars, bushments, and waters, to 
 make it more habitable and fertile. Raleii'h. 
 
 Bu'SHY. adj. [from bush.] 
 
 1. Thick; full of small branches, not 
 high. 
 
 The gentle shepherd sat beside a spring. 
 All in the shadow of a bushy brier. Spenser. 
 
 Generally the cutting away of boughs and 
 suckers, at the root and body, doth male trees 
 grow high; and, contrariwise, the polling and 
 cutting of the top, make them spread and grow 
 bushy. Bacon. 
 
 2. Thick like a bush. 
 
 Statues of this god, with a thick bushy beard, 
 are still many of them e.xtant in Rome. Addison. 
 
 3. Full of bushes. 
 
 The kids with pleasure browse the bushy plain ; 
 The show'rs are grateful to the swelling grain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Bu'siLESS. adj. [from busy.] At leisure ; 
 
 without business ; unemployed. 
 The sweet thoughts do even refresh my labour. 
 
 Most busiless when I do it. Shahesp. 
 
 Bu'siLY. adj. [from biisy.] 
 
 1. With an air of importance ; ■with an 
 air of hurry. 
 
 2. Curiously ; importunately. 
 Or if too busily they will enquire 
 
 Into a victory which we disdain, 
 
 Then let them know the Belgians did retire 
 Before the patron saint of injur'd Spain. Dryden. 
 Bu'siNESS. n. s. [from busy.] 
 
 1. Employment; multiplicity of affairs. 
 
 Must business thee from hence remove ? 
 Oh ! that's the worst disease of love. Donne. 
 
 2. An affair. In this sense it has the 
 plural. 
 
 Bestow 
 Your needful counsel to our businesses. 
 Which crave the instant use. Shahesp. 
 
 3. The subject of business ; the affair or 
 object that engages the care. 
 
 You are so much the business of our souls, that 
 while you are in sight we can neither look nor 
 think on any else ; there are no eyes for other 
 beauties. Dryden. 
 
 _ The great business of the senses being to take no- 
 tice of what hurts or advantages the body. Loche. 
 
 4. Serious engagement : in opposition to 
 trivial transactions. 
 
 I never knew one, who made it his business to 
 
 BUS 
 
 lash the faults of other writers, that was not guilty 
 of greater himself. Addison. 
 
 He had business enough upon his liauds, and 
 was only a poet by accident. Prior. 
 
 \yhen diversion is made the business and study 
 of life, though the actions chosen be in themselves 
 iimocent, the excess will render them criminal. 
 
 Uogers. 
 
 5. Right of action. 
 
 What business has a tortoise among the clouds ? 
 . L'Estrange. 
 
 6. A pomt ; a matter of question ; some- 
 thing to be examined or considered. 
 
 Fitness to govern, is a perplexed business; some 
 men, some nations, excel in the one ability, some 
 in the other. Bacon. 
 
 7. Something to be transacted. 
 
 ■They were far from the Zidouians, and had no 
 business with any one. Judeei. 
 
 8. Something required to be done. 
 
 To those people that dwell under or near the 
 equator, this spring would be most pestilent : as 
 for those countries that are nearer the poles, in 
 which number are our own, and the most consider- 
 able nations of the world, a perpetual spring will 
 not do their business ; they must have longer days, 
 a nearer approach of the 'sun. Benttey. 
 
 9. To do one's business. To kill, destroy, 
 or ruin him. 
 
 Busk. n.s. [busque, Fr.] A piece of steel 
 or whalebone, worn by women to 
 strengthen their stays. 
 
 OfTwith that happy busk, which I envy, 
 That still can be and still can stand so nish. Donne. 
 
 Buskin, n.s. [broseken, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A kind of half boot; a shoe which 
 comes to the midleg. 
 
 The foot was dressed in a short pair of velvet 
 btishins ; in some places open, to shew the fairness 
 of the skin. Sidney. 
 
 Sometimes Diana he her takes to be. 
 But missclh bow and shafts, and bushins to her 
 knee. _ Spenser. 
 
 There is a kind of rusticity in all those pompous 
 verses ; somewhat of a holiday shepherd strutting 
 in his country bushins. Dryden. 
 
 2. A kind of high shoe worn by the an- 
 cient actors of tragedy, to raise their sta- 
 ture. 
 
 Great Fletcher never treads in bushinshere. 
 No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryd. 
 
 In her best light the comic muse appears, 
 When she withljorrow'd pride the bushin wears. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Bu'sKiNED. adj. [from buskin.] Dressed 
 in buskins. 
 
 Or what, though rare, of later age, 
 Ennobled hath the buskin'd stage ? Milton. 
 
 Here, arm'd with silver bows, in early dawn. 
 Her buskin d virgins trac'd the dewy lawn. Pope, 
 Bu'sKY. adj. [written more properly by 
 Milton, bosky. See Bosky. Woody ; 
 shaded with woods : overgrown with 
 trees. 
 
 How bloodily the sun begins to peer 
 Above yon bushy hill I Shakesp. 
 
 BUSS. n. s. [bus, the mouth Irish ; 
 bouche, Fr.] 
 
 1. A kiss ; a salute with the lips. 
 
 Thou dost give me flattering busses.-— By my 
 troth, I kiss thee with a most constant heart. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 Some squire perhaps you take delight to rack, 
 Who visits with a gun, presents withhirds. 
 Then gives a smacking buss. Pope. 
 
 2. A boat for fishing, [busse, German.] 
 
 If the king would enter towards building such a 
 number of boats and busses.as each company could 
 easily manage, itwould be an encouragement both 
 of honour and advantage. Temple. 
 
 To Bvss. V.a. [from the noun.] To kiss; 
 to salute with the lips. 
 
 242
 
 BUS 
 
 Yonder walls, that partly front your town, 
 Yond towers, whose wanluu tops do tniss the 
 
 clouds, 
 Must kiss their feet. Shakesp. 
 
 Go to them with this bonnet in thy hand, 
 Thy knee hu.^ing the stones ; for in such business, 
 Action is eloquence. Shakesp. 
 
 Bust. ». s. [busto, Ital.] A statue, re- 
 presenting a man to liis breast. 
 
 Agrippa, or Caligula, is a common coin, but a 
 very extraurdinary bust ; and a Tiberius a rare 
 coin, but aconiinou bust. Addison on Italij. 
 
 Ambition sigh'd : she f(.iund it \'ain to trust 
 The faithless column, and the crumbling 6ii5t.F(jpe. 
 
 Bu'sTARD. n. s, [bistardc, Fr.] A wild 
 turkey. 
 
 His sacrifices were phenicoptcrs, peacocks, hits- 
 tards, turkeys, pheasants; and all these were daily 
 offered. Hakeiritl. 
 
 To Bu'sTLE. V. 71. [of uncertain etymo- 
 logy; perhaps from 6?/s^.] To be busy; 
 to stir, to be active. 
 
 Come, bustle, bnstU — caparison my horse. Shak. 
 
 God take king Edward to his mercy, 
 
 And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shakesp. 
 
 Sir Henry Vane was a busy and bustling man, 
 
 ■who had credit enough to do liis business in all 
 
 places. Clarendon- 
 
 A poor abject worm. 
 That crawl'd awhile upon a bustling world, 
 And now am trampled to my dust again. 
 
 SoHtheme. 
 Ye sov'reign lords, who sit like goods in state. 
 Awing the world, and bustling to he great ! 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Bu'sTLE. n. s* [from the verb.] A tu- 
 mult ; a hurry ; a combustion. 
 
 Wisdom's self. 
 Oft seeks to swett retired solitude : 
 She plumes her feathers, and lets grow her wings. 
 That in the various bustle of resort 
 Were all too ruffled. Milton. 
 
 This is the creature that pretends to knowledge, 
 and that makes such a noise and bustle for o[ii- 
 iiions. Gramille. 
 
 Such a doctrine made a strange hustle and dis- 
 turbance in the world, which then sate warm and 
 easy in a free enioymeiU of tlieir lusts. South. 
 
 If the count Imcf given them a pot of ale after 
 it, all would have been well, without any of this 
 bnstle. i^pectator. 
 
 Bu'sTLER. n.s. [£vom bustle] An active 
 stirring man. 
 
 BU'SY. adj. [bvfjian, Sa.\.] It is pro- 
 nounced as bissy, or bizzi/.] 
 
 1. Employed with earnestness. 
 
 My mistress sends you word that she is busy, 
 and cannot come. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Bustling; active; meddling. 
 
 The next thing which she waking looks upon, 
 On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. 
 She shall pursue it with the soul of love. Shakesp. 
 
 Thus busu pow'r is working day and night ; 
 Fur when tlie outward senses rest do take, 
 A thousand dreams, fantastical and li^ht. 
 With fluttering wings, do keep her still awake. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 The coming sprinjj would first appear. 
 And all this place with roses strow, 
 If busy feet would let them grow. Waller. 
 
 All written since that time, seem to have little 
 more than events we are glad to know, or the con- 
 troversy of opinions, wherein the busy world has 
 been so much employed. Temple. 
 
 Religious motives and instincts are so busy in 
 the heart of every reasonable creature, that no 
 man would hope to govern a society, without re- 
 gard to those principles. Addistm. 
 
 3. Troublesome; vexatiously importunate 
 or intensive. 
 
 The Christians sometimes valiantly receiving 
 the enemy, and sometimes charging them again, 
 repulsed the proud enemy, still busy with them. 
 
 Ktwlles's Histiyrij of the Turks. 
 
 To BxfsY. r. a, [from the noun.] To em- 
 
 BUT 
 
 ploy ; to engage ; to make or keep 
 busy. 
 
 He in great passion all this while did dwell. 
 More busying his quick eyes her face to view, 
 Than bis dull ears to hear what she did tell. 
 
 Fairy Queen 
 
 The pleasure which I took at ray friend's plea- 
 sure herein, idly busied me thus to express the 
 same. Cavew's Survey 
 
 Be it thy course to busy giddy nnnds 
 M ilh foreign quarrels. Shakes]) 
 
 While they were busied to lay the foundations, 
 their buildings were overthrown by an earthquake, 
 and many thousands of the Jews were over- 
 whelmed. Raleigh 
 
 The points which busied the devotion of the 
 first ages, and the curiosity of the latter. 
 
 Decay of Piety 
 
 The ideas it is busied ahnut, should be natural 
 and congenial ones, which it had in itself. Locke. 
 
 The learning and disputes of the schools have 
 been much busied about genus and species. Locke. 
 
 For the rest, it must do owned, he dues not 
 busy himself by enteriuj^ deep into an^y party, but 
 rather spends liis time ni acts of hospitality. 5u'i/i:. 
 
 Bu'SYBODY. n.s. [i\om bits 1/ and bod J/.] 
 A vain, meddling, fantastical person. 
 
 Going from house to house, tatlers and busy- 
 bodies are the canker and rust of idleness, as idle- 
 ness is the rust of time. Taylor. 
 
 Busybodies and intermeddlcrs are a dangerous 
 sort of people to have to do withal. UEstran^e. 
 
 She IS well acquainted with all the favuurite 
 servants,6Nsyfooriie5, tie pendants, and poor relations, 
 of all persons of condition in tlie whole town. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 BUT. conjunct, [bute, biitan, Saxon.] 
 
 1. Except. 
 
 An emission of immateriate virtues we arc a 
 little doubtful to propound, it is so prodigious : hut 
 that it is so constantly avouched by many. Bacon 
 
 Who can it be, ye gods ! hut perjur'd Lycon ? 
 Who can inspire such storms of rage, but Lycon 
 Where has ray sword left one so black, but Lvcon ? 
 
 ^mith. 
 
 Your poem hath been printed, and we have no 
 objection but the obscurity of several passages, by 
 our ignorance in fads and persons. Swift. 
 
 2. Except that ; unless ; had it not been 
 that: in this sense we now write but 
 that. See sense 11. 
 
 And but infirmity. 
 Which waits upon worn times, hath something 
 
 seiz'd 
 His wish'd ability, he had himself 
 Tlie lands and waters mensur'd, Shakesp. 
 
 3. Yet; nevertheless. It sometimes only 
 enforces i/et. 
 
 Then let him speak, and any that shall stand 
 without shall hear liis voice ]ilaudy ; but yet made 
 extreme sharp and exile, like the vuice of puppets : 
 and yet the articulate sounds of the words \\ ill 
 not be confounded. Bacon. 
 
 Our wants are many, and grievous to be born, 
 but quite of another kind. Swift. 
 
 4. The particle which introduces the mi- 
 nor of a syllogism ; now. 
 
 If there be a liberty and possibilitj' for s. man 
 to kill himself to-day, then it is not absolutely 
 necessary that he shdll live to-morrow ; but there 
 is such a'liberty, therefore no such necessity. 
 
 Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 
 God will one time or another make a ditlercncc 
 between the good and the evil. JJuMherc is Uttle 
 or no ditlerence made in this wurld ; therefore 
 there must be another world, wherein this diJier- 
 ence sliall be made. 11 atts'5 Li^gick. 
 
 5. Only; nothing more than. 
 
 If my offence be of such mortal kind. 
 That not my service past, or present sorrows. 
 Can ransom me into nis love again ; 
 But to know so. must he my benefit. Shakesp. 
 
 What nymph so rare. Ids voice but hears, 
 Will be my rival, tliough she have but ears. 
 
 BenJonson. 
 
 No, Aurengzebe, you merit all my heart, 
 And I'm too noble but to give a part. Dryden. 
 
 BUT 
 
 Bid hut men consider the true notion of God, 
 he wcjuld ap[)ear to be full of goodness. Titl^fUon. 
 
 Ifwedo6ii( put virtue and vice in equal cir- 
 cumstances, the advantages of ease and pleasure 
 will be found to be on the side of religion. Ti/^tfMm. 
 
 1 he mischiefs or liarros iJiat come by jday, in- 
 advertency, or ignorance, are not at all, or 6ut very 
 gently, to be taken notice of. Locke in Education. 
 
 If a reader examines Horaa's Art of Poetry, he 
 will find but very few precepts In it, which he may 
 not meet with in Aristotle. Addison. 
 
 Prepar'd I stand ; he was but bom to try 
 The lot of man, to suffer and to die. Pove. 
 
 G. Than. 
 
 Tlie full moon was no sooner up and shining in 
 all its brightness, biU he opened the gate of Para- 
 dise. Guardian. 
 
 7. But that; without this consequence that- 
 
 Frosts that constrain the cround 
 Do seldom their usurjnng power withdraw, 
 But raging floods pursue their hasty hand. Dryd. 
 
 8. Otherwise than that. 
 
 It cannot be fc»( nature hath some director, of 
 infinite power, to guide her in all her ways. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Who shall believe, 
 But you misuse the reverence of your place rS/iak. 
 9- Not more than; even. 
 
 A genius so elevated and unconfined as Mr. 
 Covvfev's, was but necessary to make Pindar speak 
 Englisli. " Dryden. 
 
 lieroe but now 1 left ; whom, pin'd with pain. 
 Her age and anguish from these rites detain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 It is evident, in the instance I gave but now, ilie 
 
 consciousness went along. Ltxke. 
 
 10. By any other means than. 
 
 Out of that will I cause thr/se of Cyprus to mu- 
 ting' : whose qualifications shall come into no true 
 taste again, but by transplanting of Cassio. Shak. 
 
 11. If it were not for this; that; if it 
 were not that. Obsolete. 
 
 Believe me, I'd rather have lost my purse 
 Full of Crusades. And hut my noble Moor 
 Is true of mind, and made of no such baseness 
 As jealous creatures are, it were enough 
 To put him to ill-thinking. Shakesp, 
 
 I here do give thee that with all my lieart. 
 Which, but thou hast already, with all my heart 
 I would keep from thee. Shakesp, 
 
 12 However; howbeit; a word of inde- 
 terminate connexon, 
 
 I do nol doubt but I have been to blame; 
 But, to pursue the end fur which I came, 
 Unite your subjects first, then let us go 
 And pour their common ra^e upon the foe. Dryd. 
 
 13. It is used after no doubt, no question, 
 and such words, and signifies the same 
 with that. It sometimes is joined with 
 that. 
 
 They made no account, but that the navy should 
 be absolutely master of the seas. Bacon. 
 
 I fancied to myself a kind of ease in the change 
 of the paroxvsin ; never suspecting but that Uie 
 linniour woufd have wasted itself, Di-yden. 
 
 There is no question but the king of Spain will 
 reform most of (lie abuses. Addison. 
 
 14. That. This seems no proper sense in 
 this place. 
 
 It is not therefore impossible but I may alter the 
 
 complexion of my pbiy, to restore myse'lf into the 
 good graces of my fair crilicks. Drvden. 
 
 15. Otherwise than. Obsolete. 
 
 I should sin 
 To think hut nobly of my grandmother. Shakesp, 
 
 16. A particle by which the meaning of 
 tlie foreojoinp; sentence is bounded or re- 
 strained ; only. 
 
 Thus fights Ulysses, thus his fame extends; 
 A formidable uKm, but to his friends. Dryden. 
 
 17. A particle of objection; yet it may 
 be objected : it has sometimesyt f with it. 
 
 But yet. Madam 
 I do not like but yet ; it does allay 
 
 243
 
 BUT 
 
 The good precedence ; fie upon but yet ! 
 
 But yet is as a ja^flour, to bring forth 
 
 Some monstrous maiofactor. Shakesp. 
 
 i^Iust the heart then have been formed and con- 
 stituted before the blood was in being? But here 
 again, the substance of the heart itseifis most cer- 
 tainly made and nourished by the bkiod, which 
 is convcoii to it by the coronary arleries.Bc»(/cy. 
 18. But for ; without ; had not this been. 
 
 llasli man, forbear ! but for some unbelief, 
 My joy had been as fatal as my grief. Waller. 
 
 Her head was bare, 
 Butfor her native ornament of hair, 
 Which in a snnple knot was tied above. Dryden. 
 
 When the fair boy receiv'd the gift of ri^lit, 
 And, but for mischief, you had died for spite. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 BUT. 71, s. [bouty Fr.] A boundary. 
 
 But, if I ask you what I mean by that wurd, you 
 will answer, I menu tliis or tliat ihins, you cannot 
 teil which ; but if I join it with the wurds in con- 
 struction and sense, as, but 1 will not, a but of 
 wine, but and boundary, the ram will hut, shoot 
 at but, the meaning of "it will be as ready to you 
 as any other word. Holder. 
 
 But. n, s. [In sea language.] The end of 
 any plank which joins to another on the 
 outside of a ship, under water. Harris. 
 
 BuT-END. ?i,s. [i\-om but and end.] The 
 blunt end of any thing; the end upon 
 which it rests. 
 
 The reserve of foot galled their foot witli seve- 
 ral vollies, and then fell on them with the but-ends 
 of their muskets. Clarendon. 
 
 Thy weapon was a good one when I wielded it, 
 but the but-end remains in my hands. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Some of tlie soldiers accordingly pushed them 
 forwards, with the but-ends of their pikes, intu my 
 reach. Swift. 
 
 BUTCHER, w. s [boucher, Fr.] 
 
 1. One that kills animals to sell their flesh. 
 
 The shepherd and the butcher both may look 
 upon one sheep with pleasing conceits. Sid7iey. 
 
 Hence he learnt the butcher s guiie. 
 How to cut your throat and smile j 
 Like a hutclier, doom'd for life. 
 In his mouth to wear liis knife. Swift. 
 
 2, One that is delighted with blood. 
 
 Honour and renown are bestowed on conque- 
 rors, who, for the most part, are but the great 
 butchers of mankind. Locke. 
 
 To Butcher, v. a, [from the noun] To 
 kill ; to murder. 
 
 In suffering thus thy brother to be slaughter'd, 
 'Hiou shew'st the naked pathway to thy life. 
 Teaching stern murder how to butcher tliee. Shak. 
 
 Uncharitably with me have you dealt, 
 And shamefully by you my hopes are butcher d. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The poison and the dagger are at hand to but- 
 cher a hero, when the poet wants brains to save 
 him. Dryden. 
 
 Bu'tchers-broom, or Kneeholly. 
 n.s, [ruscuSy Lat.] 
 
 The roots are sometimes used in medicine, and 
 the green slioots are cut and bound into bundles, 
 and sold to the butchers, who use it as besoms to 
 sweep tlieir blocks ; from whence it had the name 
 of butckers-broom. Miller. 
 
 Bu'tcherliness, n-s. [from butcherit/.] 
 A brutal, cruel, savage, butcherly man- 
 ner. 
 
 Bu'tcherly. adj. [^om butcher.] Ciiiel; 
 
 bloody; grossly and clumsily barbarous. 
 
 There is a way which, brought into schools, 
 
 would take away this butcherly lear in making of 
 
 Latin. Ascham. 
 
 What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly. 
 This de.idly quarrel daily doth beget! Shakesp. 
 
 Butchery. ?i.s. [from butcher.] 
 1, The trade of a butcher. 
 
 Yet this man, so ignorant in modern butchery, 
 has cut up half an hundred heroes, and quartered 
 five or six miserable lovers, in every tragedy he 
 has written. Pope. 
 
 BUT 
 
 2, Murder; cruelty; slaughter. 
 
 If thou dchght to view thy heinous deeds. 
 Behold this patron of thy butcheries. Shitkcsp. 
 
 The butchery, and the breacli of hospitality, is 
 represented in this fable under the mask of friend- 
 ship. L'Estrange. 
 
 Can he a son to soft remorse incite, 
 Whom gaols, and blood, and butchery delight ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. The place where animals are killed ; 
 
 Avhere blood is slied. 
 
 There is no place, this house is hui a. butchery ; 
 Abhor it, fear it, do not enter it. Shakesp. 
 
 BU'TLKR. n. s. [houUilln; Fr. bottkr, 
 or holi/Zir, old En<i;lisli, from bottle ; he 
 that is employed in the care of bottling li- 
 quors.] A servant in a family employed 
 in furnishing the table. 
 ButlcrsioTgelto hr'iug up their beer tinicenou^h. 
 
 Swiji. 
 
 Bu'tleraoe. n. s. [from biitltr.] The 
 duty upon wines imported, claimed by 
 the king's butler. 
 
 Tiiose ordinary finances are casual or uncertain, 
 as be the esclieats, the customs, fc^r/era^c, and im- 
 post. Bacon. 
 
 Bu'tlership. ti.s. [from butler.] The 
 office of a butler. 
 
 Hutment, w. s. [aboutement,Tr.] That 
 part of the arcii which joins it to the 
 upright pier. 
 
 The supporters or hutments of the said arch can- 
 not Sutter so much violence, as in the precedent 
 tiat posture. ]Vottmi. 
 
 BuTSHAFT. 71. s. [from but and shajt.] 
 An arrow. 
 
 The blind boy's buishaft. Shahesp. 
 
 BUTT. n.s. [bnt,¥r.] 
 
 1 . The place on which the mark to be 
 shot at is placed. 
 
 He calls on Bacchus and propounds the prize ; 
 The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, 
 And oendshis bow, and levels with his eyes. Dri/ 
 
 2. The point at which the endeavour is 
 directed. 
 
 Be not afraid though you do see me weapon'd ; 
 Here is my journey's end, here is my butt, 
 The very sea-mark of my journey's end. Sliahc:*p. 
 
 3. The object of aim ; the thing against 
 which any attack is directed. 
 
 The papists were the ]i]ost connnon-place, and 
 the 6i(tt against whom all the arrows were di- 
 rected. Clarendon. 
 
 4. A man upon whom the company break 
 their jests. 
 
 I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I 
 thought very smart, when my ill genius suggested 
 to him such a reply as got all the laughter on his 
 side. Spectator. 
 
 5. A blow given by a horned animal. 
 
 6. A stroke given in fencing. 
 
 If disputes arise 
 Among the champions for tlie prize ; 
 To prove w ho gave the fairer butt, 
 John shews the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior. 
 
 Butt. ?j. s. [butr, Sax.] A vessel ; a bar- 
 rel containing one himdred and twenty- 
 six gallons of wine ; a butt contains one 
 hunth'ed and eight gallons of beer ; antl 
 from fifteen to twenty-two hundred 
 weight, is a butt of currants. 
 
 I escaped upon abatt of sack, which the sa'Uors 
 heaved overboard. Shakes]). 
 
 To BuTT. V. a. [botten, Dutch.] To 
 strike with the head. 
 
 Come, leave your tears : a brief farewei : the 
 beast 
 With many heads butts me away. Shakesp. 
 
 BUT 
 
 Nor wars are seen, 
 Unless upon the green, 
 Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. 
 
 A snow-white steer, before thy altar led, 
 Butts with his threatening brows, and bellowing 
 stands, Druden'sJEneia. 
 
 A ram will butt with his head though he be 
 brought up tame, and never saw tliat manner of 
 fiilhtjng, i^ay. 
 
 BUTTER, n. s. [butrepe, Saxon ; buti/- 
 ruin, Lat.] 
 
 1. An unctuous substance made by agi- 
 tating the cream of milk, till the oil se- 
 parates from the whey. 
 
 And he took hulter\i\\i\ milk, and the calf which 
 he had dressed, and set before them. Gen.xviii.C. 
 
 2. Butter of antimonr/. A chemical pre- 
 paration, made by uniting the acid spi- 
 rits of sublimate corrosive with regulus 
 of anthnony. It is a great caustick. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 3. Dntterofiin, is made with tin and sub- 
 limate corrosive. This preparation con- 
 tinually emits fumes. Harris. 
 
 To Butter v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To smear, or oil, with butter. 
 
 'Twas her brother, that, in pure kindness to hi» 
 
 horse, buttered his hay. Shakesp. 
 
 Words butter no parsnips. UEstrange. 
 
 2. To increase the stakes every throw, or 
 every game : a cant word among game- 
 sters. 
 
 It is a fine simile in one of J\Ir. Congreve's pro- 
 logues, which compares a writer to a buttering 
 gamester, that stakes all his wiiniing upon one 
 cast ; so tliat if he loses the last throw, he is sure 
 to be undone. Addison. 
 
 Bu'ttekbump. n.s. A fowl; the same 
 
 with bittern. 
 Bu'tterbur. 71. s. [petasiles, Lat.] A 
 
 plant used in medicine, and grows wild 
 
 in great plenty by the sides of ditches. 
 
 flliller 
 Bu'tterflower. ti.s. A yellow flower, 
 
 with which the fields abound in the 
 
 month of May. 
 ix't \vreds, instead of hutterfiow^rs, appear; 
 
 Anil meads, instead of daisies, hemlock bear. Gay. 
 
 Bu'tterfly. n. s. [butrepplege. Sax".] 
 A beautiful insect, so named because it 
 first appears in the beginning of the sea- 
 son for butter. 
 
 Eftsoons that damsel, by her heavenly might. 
 She turned into a winged butterjiit, 
 In the wide air to make her wand'ring flight. Spens. 
 
 Tell old tales and laugh 
 At gilded butterjiies ; and hear poor rogues 
 Talk of court news. Shakesp. 
 
 And so befel, that as lie cast his eye 
 Among the colwortson abutteijiy. 
 He saw false Reynard. Dryden. 
 
 That whicli seems to be a powder upon the 
 wings of a buttctiiy, is an innumerable company 
 of extreme small feathers, not to be discerned 
 without a microscope. Gretv. 
 
 Bu'tteris. n. s. An instrument of steel 
 set in a woo<len handle, used in paring 
 the foot, or cutting the hoof, of a horse. 
 Farriei-'s Diet. 
 Bu'ttermilk. n. s. [from butler and 
 milk.] The whey that is separated from 
 the cream when butter is made. 
 
 A young man, fallen into an ulcerous consump- 
 tion, devoted himself to buttermilk, by which sole 
 diet he recovered. Harvey. 
 
 The scurvy of mariners is cured by acids, a» 
 
 244
 
 BUT 
 
 fruits, lemons oranges, buttermilk; and alkaline 
 spirits hurt them. Arbulhnot. 
 
 Bu'tterprint. n. s. [from butter and 
 print.] A piece of carved wood, used 
 to mark butter. 
 
 A butterprinl, in which were engraven figures 
 of all sorts and sizes, applied to Uie lump of but- 
 ter, left un it the figure. Locke. 
 
 Bu'ttertooth. n. s. [from butter and 
 tooth.] The great broad foreteeth. 
 
 Bu'tterwoman. n.s. [from butter and 
 woman.] A woman that sells butter. 
 
 Tongue, I must put you into a huttcncoman's 
 mouth, and buy myself another of Bajazet's mute, 
 if you prattle me into these perils. Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'tterwort. n. s. A plant: the same 
 
 with sanicle. 
 Bi/ttery. adj. [from butter.] Having 
 the appearance or qualities of butter. 
 
 Nothing more convertible into hot cholerick 
 humours than its butteni parts. Harrey. 
 
 The best oils, thickened by cold, have a white 
 colour ; and milk itself has its whiteness from the 
 caseous fibres, and its buttery oil. f layer. 
 
 Bu'ttery. n. s. [from butter ; or, ac- 
 cording to Skinner, from bouter, Fr. to 
 place or lay up.] The room where pro- 
 visions are laid up. 
 
 Go, sirrah, take them to the buttery, 
 And give them friendly welcome every one.Sliak. 
 
 All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, 
 pantries, and butteries, to the north. Wotton. 
 
 My guts ne'er sutfer'd from a college-cook, 
 My name ne'er enter'd in a buttery book. 
 
 Bramston, 
 
 Bu'ttock. n. s. [supposed, by Skinner, 
 to come from ahoutir, Fr. ; inserted by 
 Junius without etymology.] The rump; 
 the part near the tail. 
 
 It is like a barber's chair, that fits all buttocks. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Such as were not able to stay themselves, should 
 beholdtn up by others of more strength, riding 
 behind them upon the ftuttocfcsof the horse. A'no/Zes. 
 
 The tail of a fox was never made for the but- 
 (ocfcs of an ape. U Estrange' sFobtes. 
 
 BUTTON, n.s. [botttvn, Welsh; bouton, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. A catch, or small ball, by which the 
 
 dress of man is fastened. 
 
 Pray you, undo this button. Shakesp. 
 
 I mention tliose ornaments, because of the sim- 
 
 f)licity of the shape, want ui onianients, buttons, 
 oops, gold and silver lace, they must have been 
 cheaper than ours. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Any knob or ball fastened to a smaller 
 body. 
 
 We fastened to the marble certain wires, and a 
 button. Boyle. 
 
 Fair from its humble bed I rear'd this flow'r,* 
 Suckled, and cheer'd with air, and sun, and show'r; 
 Soft on the paper rutf its leaves I spread. 
 Bright with the gilded button tipt its head. Pope. 
 
 3. Tne bud of a plant. 
 
 The canker galls the infants of the sprinjg, 
 Too oft before their buttons be disclos'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Bu'tton. n. s. [echinus tnarinus.] The 
 sea urchin, which is a kind of crabfish 
 with prickles instead of feet. Ai7isu'. 
 To Button, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To dress ; to clothe. 
 
 One whose hard heart is button d up with steel. 
 Shakespeare. 
 He gave his legs, arms, and breast to his ordi- 
 nary servant, to button and dress him. Wotton. 
 
 2. To fasten with buttons ; as, ho buttons 
 his coat. 
 
 Bu'ttonhole. n.s. [from button and 
 
 BUY 
 
 hole.] The loop in which the button of 
 the clothes is caught. 
 
 Let me take you a buttonhole lower. Shakesp. 
 
 I'll please the maids of honour, if I can : 
 Without black velvet breeches, what is man? 
 I will my skill in buttonholes display. 
 And brag, how oft I shift me ev ry day. Bramston. 
 
 BUTTRESS, n. s. [from aboutir, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A prop ; a wall built to support ano- 
 ther wall, and standing out. 
 
 No jutting frize 
 Buttress, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird 
 Hath made his pendant bed, and procreant cradle. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Fruit trees, set upon a wall against the sun, be- 
 tween elbows or buttresses of stone, ripen more 
 than upon a plain wall. Bacon. 
 
 But we inhabit a weak city here. 
 Which buttresses and props but scarcely bear.Dn/d. 
 
 2. A prop ; a support. 
 
 It will concern us to examine the force of this 
 plea, which our adversaries are still setting up 
 against us, as the ground pillar and buttress of the 
 good old cause of nonconformity. South. 
 
 To Bu'ttress. v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 To prop ; to support. 
 Bu'twink. n. s. The name of a bird. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Butyra'ceous. adj. [butyrum, Lat. 
 butter.] Having the qualities of butter. 
 
 Chyle has the same principles as milk ; a vis- 
 cidity from the caseous parts, and an oiliness from 
 the butyraceous parts. Flayer. 
 
 Bu'tyrous. adj. \butyrum, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing the properties of butter. 
 
 Its oily red part is from the butyrous parts of 
 cliyle. Floijer. 
 
 BU'XOM.flf//. [bucj-um, Sax. from bujan 
 to bend. It originally signified obe- 
 dient ; as, John deTrevisa, a clergjmaan, 
 tells his patron, tliat he is obedient and 
 buxom to all his commands. In an old 
 form of marriage, used before the re- 
 formation, the bride promised to be obe- 
 dient and buxom in bed and at board; 
 from wliidi expression, not well under- 
 stood, its present meaning seems to be 
 derived.] 
 
 1. Obedient; obsequious. 
 
 He did tread down and disgrace all the English, 
 and set up and countenance the Irish ; thinking 
 thereby to make them more tractable and bmom 
 to his govennnent. Spensei-. 
 
 He, with broad sails, 
 ^^ innow'd the6uTomair. Milton. 
 
 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. 
 
 I'm born 
 Again a fresh child of the buxom morn. 
 Heir of the sun's first beams. Crashaw. 
 
 Zephyr, witli Aurora playing. 
 As he met lier once a maying, 
 Fill'd her with thee, a daughter fair. 
 So buxom, blithe, and debonnair. Milton. 
 
 Sturdy swains. 
 In clean array, for rustick dance prepare, 
 Mixt with the buxom damsels hand in hand. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 3. Wanton ; jolly. 
 
 Almighty .love descends, and pours 
 Into his buxom bride his fruitful show'rs. Dryden. 
 
 She feign'd the rites of Bacchus I cry'd aloud. 
 And to the buxom god the virgin vow'd. Drtjden. 
 
 Bu'xoMLY. adv. [from buxom.] Wan- 
 tonly ; amorously. 
 
 Bu'xoMNESS. n.s. [from buxom.] Wan- 
 tonness; amorousness. 
 
 To BUY. 11. a. prefer. I bought ; I have 
 bought, [bicjean. Sax.] 
 
 BUZ 
 
 1. To purchase ; to acquire by paying a 
 price; to obtain for money, or something 
 equivalent; to procure by sale, not gitl 
 or thett. 
 
 They must buy up no com growing within 
 twelve miics of Geneva, tliat so the filling of their 
 magazines may not prejudice their market. 
 
 Addiioit. 
 
 2. To procure some advantage by some- 
 thing that deserves it, or at some price. 
 
 I have bought. 
 Golden opinions from all sorts of people, ^taketp. 
 
 Pent to linger 
 But witli a grain a day, X would not fcni/ 
 Their mercy at the price of one fair word. Shak. 
 Pleasure witli praise, and danger ihey would 
 
 And witK a foe that would not only fly. Denham. 
 
 3. To regulate by money : in this sense it 
 has particles annexed. 
 
 You, and all the kings of Christendom, 
 Arc led so grossly by this meddling priest. 
 Dreading the curse that money may buy out. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 What pitiful things are power, rhetorick, or 
 riches, when they would terrify, dissuade, or 6uy 
 0^' conscience ! South. 
 
 To Buy. v. w. To treat about a purchase. 
 
 I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with 
 you, walk with you, and so following. Shakesp. 
 
 Buyer, n.s. [from To btti/.] He that 
 buys ; a purchaser, 
 
 \Vhen a piece of iirt is set before us, let the first 
 caution be, not to ask wlio made it, lest the fame 
 of the author do captivate the fancy of the buyer. 
 
 Wottim. 
 
 To BUZZ, r, w. [bizzen, Teut to gro^vl, 
 Jtaiius.] 
 
 1 . To hum ; to make a noise like bees, 
 
 flies, or wasps. 
 
 And all the chamher filled was with flies, 
 Wliich buzzed all about, and made snch sound. 
 That they encumber'd ail men's ears and eyes. 
 Like many swarms of bees assembled round. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 There be more wasps that buzs about his nose. 
 Will make this sting the sooner. Shakesp. 
 
 For still the flowers ready stand. 
 One bnzziiS round about. 
 One lights, one tastes, gets in, gets out. Suckling. 
 
 What though no bees arouna^-our cradle flew. 
 Nor on yuur lips distiU'd their golden dew. 
 Yet have we oft discovtr'd, in their stead, 
 A swarm of drones that buzz'd aboutyour head. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 We join, like flies and wasps, in buxsing about 
 wit. Sirif't. 
 
 2. To whisper; to prate to. 
 
 There is such confusion in my pow'rs, 
 As, after some uratiun fairly spoke 
 By a beloved prince, there doth appear 
 Among the buzzijig multitude. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To sound heavy and low. 
 
 Herewith arose a buzzing noise among them, 
 as if it had been the rustlmg sound of the sea afai 
 olf. Hayuard. 
 
 To Buzz. V, fl. To whisper; to spread 
 secretly. 
 
 Wliere doth the world thrust forth a vanity, 
 That is not quickly buzzd into his ears ? Shak. 
 
 1 will buzz abroad such prophecies. 
 That Edward shall be fearful of his life. Shakesp. 
 
 Did you not hear 
 A buzzing of a separation 
 Between the king and Catherine ? Shakesp. 
 
 Thev might buzz and whisper it one to another, 
 and, tacitly withdraw ing from the presence of the 
 apostles, thev then lift their voices, and noise 
 it about the city. Benttey. 
 
 Buzz. n.s. [from the verb.] A hiun; a 
 whisper ; a talk. 
 
 245
 
 B Y 
 
 The liive of a city or kinfjdom h irt best con- 
 dition when there is least noise or buzz in it. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Where 1 found the whole outward room in a 
 buzz of poHticks. Addison. 
 
 Bu'zzARD. n.s, [busardy Fr.] 
 
 1. A degenerate or mean species of hawk. 
 
 More pity tliat the eagle should lie mawl'd, 
 Wliile kites and buzzards prey at liberty. Shah. 
 
 The noble buzzard ever pleas'd me best ; 
 Of small renown, 'tis true : for, not to lye, 
 We call him but a hawk by courtesy. Dryden. 
 
 2. A blockhead ; a dunce. 
 
 Those blind buzzards, who, in late years, of wil- 
 ful maliciousness, would neither learn themselves, 
 nor could teach others, any thing at all. Ascham. 
 
 Bu'zzER. n. s. [from buzz.] A secret 
 whisperer. 
 
 Her brother is in secret come from France, 
 And wants not buzzers to infest his ear 
 With petulant speeches of his father's death. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 BY. prep, [bi, big, Saxon.] 
 
 1. It notes the agent. 
 
 The Moor is with child by you» Launcclot. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The grammar of a language is sometimes to be 
 
 carefully studied by a ^rown man. Locke. 
 
 Death 's what the guilty fear, the pious crave. 
 
 Sought by the wretch, and vanquished by the brave. 
 
 Garth . 
 
 2. It notes the instrument, and is com- 
 monly used after a verb neuter, where 
 with would be put aiter an active ; as 
 he killed her 7vUh a sword ; she died hi/ 
 a sword. 
 
 Bvit by Pelides' arms when Hector fell, 
 He chose ^^neas, and he chose as well. Dryden. 
 
 3. It notes the cause of any effect. 
 
 I view, by no presumption led, 
 Your revels of tne night. Pamel. 
 
 By woe the soul to daring action steals, 
 By woe in plainlless patience it excels. Savage. 
 
 4. It notes tlie means by which any thing 
 Is performed, or obtained. 
 
 You must think, if we give you any thing, we 
 hope to gain by you. Shakesp. 
 
 Happier ! haa it suffic'd him to have known 
 Good fty itself, and evil not at all. Milton. 
 
 The heart knows that by itself, which notliing 
 in the world besides can give it any knowledge of. 
 
 South. 
 
 We obtain the knowledge of a multitude of 
 propositions by sensation and reflection. 
 
 Watts's Lngick. 
 
 5. It shews the manner of an action, 
 
 I iiave not patience : she consumes the time 
 In idle talk, and owns her false belief: 
 Seize her by force, and bear her hence unheard. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 This sight had more weight with him, as by good 
 luck not above two of that venerable body were 
 fallen asleep. Addison. 
 
 Bif chance, within a neighbouring brook, 
 He saw his branching horns, and alter'd look. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 6. Ithasa signification, noting the metliod 
 in which any successive action Is per- 
 formed with regard to time or quantity. 
 
 The best for you, is to re-examine the cause, 
 and to try it even point by point, argument hy ar- 
 gument, with all the exactness you can. Hooker. 
 
 We are not to stay all together, but to come by 
 him, where he stands, by ones, by twos, and bif 
 threes. Shakesp. 
 
 He callelli them forth by one, and by one. by 
 the name, as he pieaseth, though seldom the order 
 be inverted. Bacon. 
 
 'J'he captains were obliged to break that piece 
 of ordnance, and so by pieces to carry it away, 
 thit tlie enemy should not get so great a spoil. 
 
 Knoll es. 
 
 Common prudence would direct me to take 
 them ail out, and examine them one 61/ one. Boyle. 
 
 B Y 
 
 Otlieh Will soon take patlem and enconrage- 
 ment bv jour building; and so house ftt/ liouse, 
 street hy street, tbcre will at last be finished a 
 niacnifieent eity. Sjiratt. 
 
 bxpior'd her, limb hy limb, and fear'd to find 
 So rude a gripe had left a livid mark behind. 
 
 Dnidtn. 
 
 Thus year hy year they pass, and day hy day, 
 Till once, 'twas on the mornof cliearful May, 
 The young Emilia Di-yden. 
 
 I'll gaze for ever on thy godlike father, 
 Transplanting one hy one into my life 
 His bright perfeclions, till I shine like him. 
 
 Addi&fln. 
 
 Let the blows be hy pauses laid on. Locke. 
 
 7. It notes tlie quantity had at one time. 
 
 Bullion will sell fty <''e ounce for six shillings 
 and five pence unclijiped money. Locke. 
 
 What we take daily hy pounds, is at least of as 
 nnicli importance as what we take seldom, and 
 only 61/ grains and sj)oonfuis. _ Arbnthnot. 
 
 The'north hy myriads pours her mighty sons ; 
 Great nurse of Go"tl)s, of Alans, and of Huns. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 8. At, or in ; noting place : it is now per- 
 haps only used before the words sea, or 
 water, and /nnrf. This seems a remnant 
 of a meaninjT now little known. Bi/ 
 once expressed situation ; as hy west, 
 westward. 
 
 We see the great effects of battles hy sea ; the 
 battle of Actium decided the empire of the world. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Arms, and the man, I sing; who, forc'd by 
 fate, 
 Expell'd and exil'd, left the Trojan sliore ; 
 Long labours both by sea and land he bore. Dryd. 
 I would have fought hy land, where 1 was 
 stronger: 
 You hinder'd it ; yet, when I fought at sea, 
 Forsook me fighting. _ Dryden. 
 
 By land, by water, they renew their charge. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 9. According to ; noting permission. 
 
 It is lawful loth hy the laws of nature and na- 
 tions, and by the law divine, which is the perfec- 
 tion of the cither two. Bacons Holy War. 
 
 10. According to; noting proof. 
 
 The present, or like, system of the world cannot 
 possibly have been eternal, hy the first proposi- 
 tion ; a'nd, without God it could not naturally, 
 nor fortuitously, emerge out of chaos, by the third 
 proposition. Bentley. 
 
 The faculty, or desire, being infinite, by the 
 preceding pioposition, may contain or receive 
 both these. Clieyne. 
 
 11. After; according to; nothig imita- 
 tion or conformity. 
 
 The gospel gives us such laws, as every man, 
 that understands himself, would chuse to live by. 
 
 TUlotson. 
 In the divisions I have made, I have endea- 
 voured, the best I could, to govern myself fii/ the 
 diversity of matter. Locke. 
 
 I'his ship, by good luck, fell into their hands at 
 last, and served as a model to build others by. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 12. From; noting ground of judgment, 
 or comparison. 
 
 Thus, by the nnisick, we may know, 
 When noble wits a hunting go 
 Tlirough groves that on Parnassus grow. Waller. 
 
 By what he has done, before the war in which 
 he was engaged, we may expect what he will do 
 after a ))eace. Dryden. 
 
 The son of Hercules he justly seems, 
 By his broad shoulders and gigantick limbs. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Who is that stranger? By his warlike port. 
 His fierce demeanour, and erected look. 
 He's of no vulgar note. Dryden. 
 
 .Tudge the event 
 By what has pass'd. Dryden. 
 
 B Y 
 
 The pnmshraent is not to be measured by fhe 
 greatness or sraallness of tlie matter, but by the 
 opposition it carries, and stands in, to that respect 
 and submission that is due to the father. Locke, 
 
 By your description of the town, I imagine it to 
 lie under some great enchantment. Pope^ 
 
 By what I have always heard and read, 1 take 
 the strength of a nation^ ■■- — — Swifi, 
 
 13. It notes the sum of the difference be- 
 tween two things compared. 
 
 Meantime she stands provided of a Laius, 
 More young and vigorous too by twenty springs. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Her brother IVivers, 
 Ere this, lies shorter by the head at Pomfret. 
 
 Rorce. 
 
 By giving the denomination to less quantities 
 
 of silver by one twentieth, you take from them 
 
 their due. Locke, 
 
 14. It notes co-operation. 
 
 By her he had two children at one birth. Shak. 
 
 15. For: noting continuance of time. 
 This sense is not now in use, 
 
 Ferdinand and Isabella recovered the kingdom 
 of Grenada from the Moors ; having been in pos- 
 session thereof by the space of seven hundred 
 years. Baron. 
 
 16. As soon as; not later than: noting 
 time. 
 
 By this, the sons of Constantine which fled, 
 Ambrise and Uther, did n'pe years attain. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Hector, by the fifth hour of the sun. 
 Will with a trumpet, 'twixt our tents and Troy, 
 To-morrow morning call some knight to arms. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He crr'd not ; for, by this, tlie heavenly bands 
 
 Down from a sky of jasper lighted now 
 
 In Paradise. Milton. 
 
 These have their course to finish round the earth 
 
 By morrow evening. Milton. 
 
 The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad 
 For man : for of his state by this they knew. 
 
 Miltim. 
 By that time a siege is carried on two or three 
 days, I am altogether lost and bewildered in it. 
 
 Addison. 
 By this time the very foundation was removed. 
 
 Suiji. 
 
 By the beginning of the fourth century from 
 
 the building of Rome, the tribunes proceeded so 
 
 far as to accuse and fine tiie consuls. Swift. 
 
 17. Beside: noting passage. 
 
 Many beautiful places, standing along the sea 
 shore, make tlie town appear longer than it is to 
 those that sail by it. Addison. 
 
 18. Beside; near to; in presence: noting 
 proximity of place. 
 
 So thou niay'sit say, the king lies by a beggar, 
 if a beggar dwell near him ; or the church stands 
 by thy tabour, if thy tabour stand by the church. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Here he comes himself; 
 If he he worth any man's good voice, 
 That good man sit down hy him. Ben Jonson. 
 
 A spacious' f)lain, whereon 
 Mere tents of various hue : by some were herds 
 Of cattle grazing. Miltim. 
 
 Stay hy me ; thou art resolute and faithful ; 
 I have employment worthy of thy arm. Dryden. 
 
 19. Before himself^ herself, ov themselves, 
 it notes the absence of all others. 
 
 Sitting in some place, by himself, let him trans- 
 late into English liis former lesson. Ascham. 
 
 Solynian resolved to assault the breach, after he 
 had, by himself, in a melancholy mood, walked up 
 and down in his tent. Knolles's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 1 know not whether he will annex hfs discourse 
 to his appendix, or publish it by itself, or at all. 
 
 Boyk. 
 
 He will imagine, that the king and his minis- 
 ters sat down and made them by themselves, and 
 then sent them to their allies to sign. Swift. 
 
 ^46
 
 B Y 
 
 Mor« pleas'd to keep it till their friends could 
 
 come, 
 Than eat the sweetest by themselves at home. Pope. 
 ?0. At hand. 
 
 He kept then some of tbe spirit by him, to ve- 
 rify wliat he believes. Boyle. 
 The merchant is not forced to keep so much 
 money by him, as in other places, where they have 
 not such a supply. Locke. 
 51 . It is the solemn form of swearing. 
 His godhead I invoke, by him I swear. Dryden. 
 
 22. It is used in forms of adjuring, or ob- 
 testing-. 
 
 Which, O ! avert by yonetherial light, 
 Which 1 have lost for tliis eternal night; 
 Or, if by dearer ties you may be won. 
 By your dead sire, or by your living son, Dryden. 
 Now hu your joys on earth,your hopes in heav'u, 
 O spare "this great, this good, this aged king ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 O cruel youth ! 
 By all the pain that wrings my tortur'd soul, 
 By all the dear deceitful hopes you gave mc, 
 O" cease ! at least once more delude my sorrows. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 23. It signifies specification and particu- 
 larity. 
 
 Upbraiding heav'n, from whence his lineage 
 came. 
 And cruel calls the gods, and cruel thee, 61/ name. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 24. By proxy of: noting substitution. 
 
 The gods were said to feast witli Ethiopians; 
 that is, they were present with them by their sta- 
 tues. Broome. 
 
 25. In the same direction with. 
 They are also striated, or furrowed, by the 
 
 length, and the sides curiously punched, or j>rick- 
 ed. Grew. 
 
 By. adv, 
 
 1. Near; at a small distance. 
 
 And in it lies the god of sleep ; 
 
 And, snorting by 
 
 We may descry 
 The monsters of the deep. Dryden. 
 
 2. Beside ; passing. 
 
 1 did hear 
 The galloping of horse. Who was 't came by ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. In presence. 
 The same words in my lady Philoclca's mouth, 
 
 as from one woman lo another, so as there was no 
 other body by, might have had a better grace. 
 
 Sidney. 
 ril not be ^l/ the while ; my liege, farewel : 
 What will become hereof, there 's none can tell, 
 
 Shakesp . 
 There while I sing, if gentle youth be ftiy, 
 That tunes m\^ lute, and winds the strings so hi^jh. 
 
 Waller. 
 Pris'ners and witnesses were waiting by ; 
 These had been taught to swear, and those to die. 
 
 Uosconnjion. 
 
 You have put a principle into him, which will 
 
 influence his actions when you are not by. Locke. 
 
 By and by. In a short time. 
 
 He overtook Amphialus, who had been staid 
 here, and 6j/ and 6^ called him to fightwith him. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The noble knight alighted by and by 
 From lofty steed, and bad the lady stay, 
 To see what end of fight should hira befall that 
 day. Spenser. 
 
 In the temple, by and by, with us, 
 These couples shall eternally be knit. Shakesp. 
 
 O how this spring of love resembleth 
 Hie uncertain glory of an April day ; 
 Which now shews all the beauty oi the sun. 
 And 61; a»(itv a cloud takes allaway. Shakesp. 
 
 Now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and pre- 
 sently a beast. " Shak. Othello. 
 
 By. n. s. [from the preposition.] Some- 
 thing not the direct and immediate ob- 
 ject of regard. 
 
 B Y 
 
 Tn this instance, there is, upon the 6i/, lo be 
 noted, the percolation of the verjuice through the 
 wood. Bacon. 
 
 This wolf was forced to make bold, ever and 
 anon, with a sheep in private, by the by. 
 
 UKstrange. 
 
 Hence we may understand, to add that upon 
 the by, that it is not necessary. Boyle. 
 
 So, while my lov'd revenge is full and high, 
 I'll give you back your kingdom by the by. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 By. In composition, implies something 
 out of the direct way, and consequently 
 some obscurity, as a by-road ; something 
 irregular, as a hy-cnd\ or something 
 collateral, as a by -concernment ; or pri 
 vate, as a by-law, I'his composition is 
 used at pleasure, and will be understood 
 by the examples following. 
 
 By-coffeehouse, m. s, A coffee-house 
 in an obscure place, 
 
 I aftcnvards entered ahy-coffeehouse, that stood 
 at the upper end of u narrow lane, where I met 
 with a nonjuror. Addisim. 
 
 By-concernment. U.S. All affair which 
 is not the main business. 
 
 Our pla3-s, besides the main design, have under- 
 plots, or by'Concertimetus,ov less considerable per- 
 sons and iTitrigues, which are carried on with the 
 motion of the main plot. Dryden. 
 
 By-dependence, n.s. An appendage; 
 something accidentally depending on 
 another. 
 
 These, 
 
 And your three motives to the battle, with 
 
 1 know not how much mure, should be demanded ; 
 
 And all the other by-dependencies. 
 
 From chatxe to chance. Shakesp. 
 
 By-design, n.s. An incidental purpose. 
 
 And if she miss the mouse-trap lines, 
 Tliey'll serve for olher by-designs, 
 And m;ike an artist understand 
 To copy out her seal or hand ; 
 Or Iind' void places in the paper. 
 To steal in something to entrap her. Hudibras. 
 
 By-end. ?i.s. Private interest; secret 
 advantage. 
 
 All people that worship for fear, profit, or some 
 other by-end, fall within the intendment of this 
 fable. L'Estrange. 
 
 By-gone. adj\ [a Scotch word.] Past. 
 
 Tell him, you're sure 
 All in Bohemia's well : this satisfaction 
 The by-^one day proclaimed. _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 As we have a, conceit of motion coming, as well 
 as by-gone ; so have we of time, which dependeth 
 thereupon. , Grew. 
 
 By-interest. n.s. Interest distinct from 
 that of the publick. 
 
 Various factions and parties, all aiming at by- 
 interest, without any sincere regard to the pubfic 
 good. Attcrbury. 
 
 By-law. n.s. 
 
 By-laivs are orders made in court-leets, or court- 
 barons, by common assent, for the good of those 
 that make them, farther than the publick law 
 binds. Cowell. 
 
 There was also a law, to restrain the by -laws 
 and ordinances of corporations. Bacon. 
 
 In the beginning 01 this record is inserted the 
 law or institution ; to which are added two by- 
 laws, as a comment upon the general law. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 By-matter, n.s. Something incidental. 
 
 I knew one that, when he wrote a letter, would 
 put that which was most material iuto the post- 
 script, as if it had been a hy-matter. Bacon. 
 
 By-name. n.s. A nick-name; name of 
 reproach, or accidental appellation. 
 
 B Y 
 
 Robert, eldest son to the Conqueror, used short 
 hose, and thereupon was bu-rtamai Court-how, 
 and shewed first tlie use of tnetn to the English. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 By-past. adj. Past; a term of the 
 Scotch dialect 
 
 Wars, pestilences, and diseases, have not been 
 fewer for these three hundred vears by-past, than 
 ever they had been since we have had records. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 
 By-path. n. s. A private or pbecure 
 
 path. 
 
 Heav'n knows, my son, 
 By whutby-^mths, and indirect croolt'd ways, 
 1 got this crown. ^akcsp. 
 
 By-respect, n.s. Private end or view. 
 
 it ma}' be that some, upon by-respects, find 
 somewhat friendly usage in usance, at some of 
 their hands. Carew. 
 
 The archbishops and bishops, next under the 
 king, have tlie government of the church : be not 
 YOU the mean to prefer any to those places, for 
 any by-respects, but only for their learning, gravi- 
 ty, and worui. Bacon. 
 
 Augustus, who was not altogether so good as he 
 was wise, had some bit-respects in the enacting of 
 this law ; for to do any thing for nothing, was not 
 his maxim. Drydm. 
 
 By-road. n.s. An obscure unfrequented 
 path. 
 
 Through slipp'ry by-roads, dark and deep. 
 They often climb, and often creep. Suift. 
 
 By-room. n. s. A private room within 
 another. 
 
 I pr'ythee, do thou stand in some 6v-room,whUe 
 I question my puny drawer to what end he gave 
 the sugar. Shakesp. 
 
 By-speech, n. s. An accidental or casual 
 speech, rwt directly relating to the 
 point. 
 
 When they come to allege what word and what 
 law they meant, their common ordinary practice 
 is to quote btj-speeches, in some historical narration 
 or other, aiid lo use tliera as if tliey were written 
 in most exact form of law. Hooker. 
 
 By-STANDER. 71. s. a looker on; one 
 unconcerned. 
 
 She broke her feathers, and, falling to the 
 ground, was taken up by the by-standers. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 The bu-standers asked him, why he ran away, 
 
 his bread being weight ? Locke. 
 
 By-street. n.s. An obscure street. 
 
 The broker here his spacious beaver wears. 
 Upon his brow sit jealousies and carts ; 
 Bent on some mortgage, to avoid reproach. 
 He seeks by-streets, and saves th' expensive coach. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 By-view. n. s. Private self-interested 
 purpose. 
 No by-views of his own shall mislead him. 
 
 Attcrbury. 
 
 By-walk. n.s. A private walk; not the 
 main road. 
 
 He moves afterwards in by-walks, or under- 
 plots, as diversions to the main design, lest it 
 should grow tedious ; though they are still natu- 
 rally joined. Drydtti. 
 
 'f he chief avenue ought to be the most ample 
 and noble ; but there should be bytcalks, to retire 
 into sometimes, for ease and refreshment. Brwmf. 
 
 By-way. n. s. A private and obscure 
 
 wa)'. 
 
 Nitiht stealths are commonly driven in by-icays, 
 and by blind fords, unused of any but such like. 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 Other by-u-atis he himself betook. 
 Where never loot of living wight did tread. 
 
 Spenser 
 
 20
 
 B Y 
 
 \\1iollv abstain or wed : thy bounteous Lord 
 
 Allows thee choice of patlis ; take no hy-ways, 
 But gladly welcome what he doth atford ; 
 
 Not grudging that thy lust hath bounds and 
 stays! Herbert. 
 
 A servant, or a favourite, if he be in want, and 
 no other apparent cause of esteem, is commonly 
 thought but a hvuaii tu close corruption. Bacon. 
 
 This is wonderfulfy divertini; to the understand- 
 ing, thus to receive a precept, as it were, through 
 a hii-way, and to appreheuQ an idea that draws a 
 whole train after it. Addison. 
 
 By-west. adv. Westward; to the west 
 of. 
 
 B Y 
 
 \Vhereupon grew that by-word, used by the 
 Irish, that they dwelt by-uest the law, which dwelt 
 beyond the riverof the Barrow. Davks on Ireland. 
 
 By-word. n. s, A saying ; a proverb. 
 
 Bashful Henry be depos'd ; whose cowardice 
 Hath made us by-words to our enemies. Shake:^. 
 
 1 knew a wise man, that had it for a by-u-ord, 
 ■when he saw men hasten to a conclusion, Stay a 
 little, that we may make an end the sooner. iJac'on. 
 
 We are become a by-word among the nations 
 for our ridiculous feuds aiid animosities. Addison. 
 
 It will be his lot often to look singular, in loose 
 and liceatious times, and to become a by-word 
 
 B Y Z 
 
 and a reproach among the men of wit and plea- 
 sure. Attcrbnry. 
 
 By'ass. n.s. See Bias. 
 
 Every inordhiate lust is a false byess upon men's 
 understandings, which naturally draws towards 
 atheism. TMotson. 
 
 Bye, or Bee, come immetliately from the 
 Saxon by.bymj,;. e. a dwelling. 
 
 Gibson. 
 
 Byzantine. See Bizantine. By- 
 zantine is the true orthography. 
 
 c. 
 
 CAB 
 
 r^ THE third letter of the alphabet, 
 ^-^9 has two sounds ; one like k, as cat/, 
 clock, craft, coal, companioti, cunei- 
 form; the other as s, as Ctesar, cessa- 
 tion, cinder. It sounds like k before a, 
 o, V, or a consonant ; and like s, before 
 e, i, and j/. 
 Cab. n. s. pp] A Hebrew measure, 
 containing about three pints English, 
 or the eighteenth part of the ephah. 
 
 CABA'L. 71. s. [cabale, Fr. r\b2p tradi- 
 tion.] 
 
 1. The secret science of the Hebrew rab- 
 bins. 
 
 2. A body of men united in some close 
 design. A cabal differs from a parti/, 
 as foiv from many. 
 
 She ofien interposed her royal authority-, to 
 break the cabais which were forming against her 
 first ministers. Addison. 
 
 3. Intrigue ; something less than conspi- 
 racy. 
 
 AVhen each, by curs'd cabah of women, strove 
 
 To draw th' indulgent king to partial love. Dryd. 
 
 To Caba'l. v.n. [cabaler, Fr.l To form 
 
 close intrigues ; to intrigue ; to unite 
 
 in small parties. 
 
 His mournful friends, summon'd to take their 
 leaves, 
 Are throng'd about liis couch, and sit in council : 
 What those caballing captains may design, 
 1 must prevent, by being first in action. Drvden. 
 
 Ca'balist. n. s. [from cabal.] One 
 skilled in the traditions of the Hebrews. 
 
 Tlieu Jove thus spake : with care and pain 
 '*Ve form'd this name, renown'd in rhirae, 
 
 Not thine, immortal Neufgermain ! 
 Cost studious cabaiists more lime. .Sn-ift. 
 
 Caballi'stical. 1 adj. [from cabal.] 
 
 Caballi'stick. J Something tliat has 
 
 an occult meaning. 
 
 CAB 
 
 The letters -^re caballistical, and carry more in 
 them than it is proper fur tlie world to be ac- 
 quainted witli. Addisnn. 
 
 He taught him to repeat two cabaU'istick words, 
 in prououuciiig of wlijch the "h Je secret con- 
 sisted. $fectato> . 
 Caba'lleR. 71. s. [from cabd I.] He tliat 
 engages ■with others in close designs ; 
 an intriguer. 
 
 Factious and rich, bold at the council board ; 
 But, cautious in the field, he shunn'd the sword ; 
 A close caballcr, and tongue-v;iIiant lord. Drijden. 
 
 Ca'balline. adj, [cubaUhnis, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to a horse ; as, cahalline aloes, 
 or horse aloes. 
 
 CA'BARET. n.s. [French.] A tavern. 
 
 Suppose this servant, passing by some cabaret 
 or tennis-court where his comrades were drinking 
 or playing, should stay with them, and drink or 
 play away his money. Bramhatl against Hobbes. 
 
 CABBAGE. 71. s. [cabuSj Fr. hrassica, 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 
 The leaves are large, fleshy, and of a glaucous 
 colour ; the flowers consist ot four leaves, which 
 are succeeded by lone taper pods, containing se- 
 veral round acrid secas. The species are, cabbage. 
 Savoy cabbage. Broccoli, The cauUjiower. Ihe 
 rausk cabbage. Branching tree cabbage, from the 
 sea coast. Coleivort. Perennial Alpine colcivoi't. 
 Perfoliated wild cabbage, is.c. Milter. 
 
 Co]ecabbage, and coleworts, are soft and demul- 
 cent, without any acidity ; the jelly or juice of 
 red cabbage, baked in an ovfii, and mixed with 
 honey, is an excellent pcctonil. Arhulh. onAUm. 
 
 To Ca'bbage. v. n. To form a head; as, 
 the plants begin to cabbage. 
 
 To Cabbage, v. a. [a cant word among 
 taiors.] To steal in cutting clothes. 
 
 Vourtaylor, instead of shreads, cabbages whtJc 
 yards of cloth. Arbiitluiot. 
 
 Cabbage tree. 7i. s. A species of palm- 
 tree. 
 
 It is very common in the Caribbee islands, 
 where it grows to a prodigious heiglit. The leaves 
 of this tree envt-Iopeeach othcr,so that those which 
 are inclosed, being deprived of the air, are blanch- 
 
 CAB 
 
 ed ; which is the part the inhabitants cut for plaits 
 for hats, and the young shoots are pickled : but 
 whenever this part is cut out, the trees are de- 
 stroyed ; nor do they rise again from the old roots ; 
 so that tliere are very few trees left remaining near 
 plantations. Miller. 
 
 Ca'bbage-worm. n.s. An insect. 
 CA'BIN. n.s. [cabane,Tr, chabin, Wehhj 
 a cott<ige.] 
 
 1. A small room. 
 
 So long in secret cabin t)iere he held 
 
 Her captive to his sensual desire. 
 Till that with timely fruit her belly swell'd, 
 
 And bore a boy unto a savage sire. Spenser. 
 
 2. A small chamber in a ship. 
 
 Give thanks you have lived so long, and make 
 yourself ready, in your cabin, for the mischance of 
 the hour if itso hajipen. Shakesp. 
 
 JMen may not expect the use of many cabins, 
 and safety"^at once, m the sea service. Raleigh. 
 
 The chessboard, we say, is in the same place it 
 was^ if it remain in the same part of the cabin, 
 though the ship sails all the while. Locke. 
 
 3. A cottage, or small house. 
 
 Come from marble bow'rs, many times the gay 
 
 harbour of anguish, 
 
 Unto a silly cabin, though weak, yet stronger 
 
 against woes. Sidney. 
 
 Neither should that odious custom be allowed, 
 
 of flaying off the green surface of the ground, to 
 
 cover their cabins, or make up their ditches. Swiji. 
 
 4. A tent, or temporary habitation. 
 
 Some of green bou^lis their slender cofains frame. 
 Some lodged were lortosa's streets about. 
 
 Faiifa:t. 
 
 To Ca'bin. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 live in a cabin. 
 
 I'll make you feed on berries and on roots, 
 And feed on'curds and whey, and suck the goat. 
 And cabin in a cave. Shakesp. 
 
 To Ca'bin. v. a. To confine in a cabin. 
 Fleance is 'scap'd ; I had else been perfect, 
 As broad and general as the casing air ; 
 But now Vm cabin d, cribb'd, confin'd, bound in. 
 To saucy doubts and fear. Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'bined. G^'. [from cabin.] Belonging 
 to a cabin, 
 
 S48
 
 C A C 
 
 ■ The nice mora, on tlic Indian steep, 
 
 From her cabin' d loophole peep. Milton. 
 
 CABINET, n. s. [cabinet. Fr.] 
 
 1. A closet ; a small room. 
 
 At both corners of the farther side, let there 
 be two delicate or rich cabinets, duintily paved, 
 richly hanged, glazed with crystalline glass, and 
 a rich cupola in the midst, and all other eleeancy 
 that may be thought on. Bacon, 
 
 2. A hut or small house. 
 
 Hearken awhile in tlie green cabinet, 
 The laurel song of careful Colinet. Spepser. 
 
 3. A private room in which consultations 
 are held. 
 
 Yon began in tlie cabinet what you afterwards 
 practised in the camp. Diyden. 
 
 4. A set of boxes or drawers for curiosi- 
 ties ,• a private box. 
 
 Who sees a soul in such a body set, 
 Might love the treasure for thecafcinel. Ben Jonson 
 
 In vain the workman shcw'd his wit, 
 With rings and hinges counterfeit. 
 To makc~it seem, in this disguise, 
 A cabinet to vulgar eyes. Swijt. 
 
 5. Any place ^in which things of value 
 are hidden. 
 
 Thy breast hath ever been the cabinet, 
 Wiefe I have lock'd my secrets. Dcnham. 
 
 We cannot discourse of the secret, but by de- 
 scribing our duty ; but so much duty must needs 
 open a cabinet of mysteries. 2'aylor. 
 
 C.i'BlNET-COUNCIL. 11. S, 
 
 1 . A council held in a private manner, 
 witii unusual privacy and confidence. 
 
 The doctrine of Italy, and practice of France, 
 in some kings times, hath introduced cabinet- 
 councils. _ Bacon. 
 
 2. A select number of privy counsellors 
 supposed to be particularly trusted. 
 
 From the highest to the lowest it is universally 
 read ; from the caftijiet-couiici/ to the nursery. 
 
 Gay to Su'iji. 
 
 Ca'binet-MAKER. n. s. [from cabinet 
 and make.] One that makes small nice 
 drawers or boxes. 
 
 The root of an old white thorn will make very 
 fine boxes and combs ; so that they would be of 
 great use for the cabinet-makers, as well as the 
 turners, and others. Mortimer. 
 
 Ca'ble. n. s. [cabl, Welsh; cabel, Dutch.] 
 The great rope of a ship to which the 
 anchor is fastened. 
 
 What though the mast he now blown overboard, 
 The cable broke, the holding anchor lost. 
 And half our sailors swallow'd in the flood, 
 Yet lives our [liloi still. Shakesp. 
 
 The length of the cable is the life of the ship in 
 all extremities ; and the reason is, because it makes 
 so many bendings and waves, as the ship, riding 
 at that "length, is not able to stretch it ; and no- 
 thing breaks that is not stretched. Raleigh 
 
 The cables crack ; the sailors fearful cries 
 Ascend ; and sable night involves the skies. l^rud. 
 
 Ca'burns. n. s. Small ropes used in 
 ships. Diet. 
 
 Ca'coa. .See Chocolate nut. 
 
 Cache'ctical. ) adj. [from car Ae.r^.] 
 
 Cache'ctick. j Having an ill habit of 
 body ; shewing an ill habit. 
 
 Young and florid blood, rather than vapid and 
 cacltectical, Arbiithnot on Air. 
 
 The crude chyle swims in the blood, and ap- 
 pears as milk in the blood, of some persons who 
 are cachectic. Floijer. 
 
 CACHEXY, n. s. [x«;i(;i|ia] A general 
 word to express a great variety of 
 symptoms : most commonly it denotes 
 such a distcmperature of the humours, 
 as hinders nutrition, and weakens the 
 vital and animal functions ; proceeding 
 from weakness of the fibres, and an 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CAD 
 
 abuse of the non-naturals, and often 
 
 from severe and acute distempers. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 CachiNNATION. n. s. [ cachinnatio, 
 
 Lat.] A loud laughter. Diet. 
 
 Ca'ckerel. n. s. A fish, said to make 
 
 those who eat it laxative. 
 To CACKLE. V. n. [kaickelen, Dutch.] 
 1. To make a noise as a goose. 
 
 The nightingale, if she should sing by day. 
 
 When every goose is cackling, would be thought 
 
 No better a nnisician than the wren. Shakes]). 
 
 Or rob the Roujan geese of all their glories, 
 
 And save the stale, by cackling to the lonts.Pope. 
 •2. Sometimes it is used for tlie noise of a 
 
 hen. 
 
 The trembling widow, and her daughters twain. 
 This woeful cackling cry with horrour heard 
 Of those distracted damsels in the yard. Dryden. 
 3. To laugh ; to giggle. 
 
 Nic grinned, cackled, and laughed, till he was 
 like to kill himself, and fell a frisking and danc- 
 ing about the room. Arbuthmt. 
 Ca'ckle. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The voice of a goose or fowl. 
 
 The silver goose before the shining gate 
 There flew, and by her cackle sav'd the state.Drvd. 
 
 2. To talk idly. 
 Ca'ckler, n. s. [from cackle.] 
 
 1 . A fowl that cackles. 
 
 2 . A teltale : a tatler. 
 Cacochy'mical. 1 flc/;'. [from cacochy- 
 Cacochy'mick. \my.] Having the 
 
 humours corrupted. 
 
 It will prove very advantageous, if only caco- 
 chumick, to clarify his blood with a laxative. 
 
 Harvea on Coniumptions. 
 
 If the body be cacochiimical', the tumours are 
 apt to degenerate into very venomous and malig- 
 nant abscesses. }\ 'f ""«• 
 
 The ancient writers distinguished putrid fevers, 
 by putrefaction of blood, choler, melancholy, 
 and phlegm ; and this is to be explained by an ef- 
 fervescence happening in a particular cacochymical 
 blood. Floiftr on the Uumonrs. 
 
 CACOCHY'MY. n. s. [^a^ox>^!^i«.] A de- 
 pravation of the humours from a sound 
 state, to what the physicians call by a 
 general name of a cacochynii/. Spots 
 and discolorations of the skin, are signs 
 of weak fibres ; for the lateral vessels, 
 which lie out of the road of circulation, 
 let gross humours pass, which could not, 
 if the vessels had their due degree of 
 stricture. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Strong beer, a liquor that attributes the half of 
 its ill iiualitics to the hops, consisting of an acri- 
 monious fiery nature, sets the blood, upon the 
 least cacocrtiimu, into an orgasmus. Haney. 
 
 CaCO'pHONY. n. S. [xa>to(pwna] A bad 
 sound of words. 
 
 These things shall lie by, till you come to carp 
 at them, anTi alter rhiilics, grammar, triplets, 
 and cacophonies of all kinds. Pope to Smti. 
 
 To Cacu'minate. v. a. [cacumino. Lat.] 
 To make sharpor pyramidal. Diet. 
 
 Cada'verous. adj. [cadaver, Lat.] 
 Having the appearance of a dead car- 
 cass; "having the qualities of a dead 
 
 carcass. 
 
 In vain do they scruple to approach the dead, 
 who livingly are cadaverous, for fear of any out- 
 ward pollution, whose temper pollutes them- 
 selves. Brown's Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 The urine, long detained in the bladiler, iw 
 well as glass, will grow red, foetid, codarcrous, 
 and alkaline. The case is the same with the stag- 
 nant waters of hydropical persons. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 CAD 
 
 Ca'ddis. n. s. [This word is used in Erse 
 for the variegated clothes of the High- 
 landers.] 
 
 1. A kind of tape or ribbon. 
 
 He hath ribbons of all the colours of the rai»- 
 bow ; inkles, caddises, cambricks, lawns ; why, 
 he sings llicm over as if tliey were gods and goS- 
 desses. Shakap. 
 
 2. A kind of worm or grub found in a 
 
 case of straw. 
 
 He loves the mayfly, which is bred of the cod- 
 worm, or caddis ; and these make the trout bold 
 and lusty. Walton's AngUr. 
 
 Cade. adj. It is deduced, by .Skinner, 
 from cadeler, Fr. an old word, which 
 signifies to breed up tenderly. ] Tame ; 
 soft ; delicate ; as, a cade lamb, a lamb 
 bred at home. 
 
 To Cade. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 breed up in softness. 
 
 Cade. n. s. [cadus, Lat.] A barrel. 
 
 We John Cade, so termed of our supposed fa- 
 ther. — Or rather of stealing a cade of herrings. 
 
 Hhakesp. 
 
 Soon as thy linuor from the narrow cells 
 Of close press'd husks is freed, thou must refrain 
 I'hy thirsty soul ; let none persuade to broach 
 Thy tliick^ unwholesome, undigested ca(fcs.P/nVi|tj 
 
 Cade-worm. n. s. The same with caddis, 
 
 Ca^dence.I ^_^_ [cadence. Fr.] 
 Cadency. J '- 
 
 1. Fall; state of sinking; decline. 
 
 Now was the sun in western cadence low 
 From noon ; and gentle airs, due at their hours. 
 To fan the earth, now waked. Milton. 
 
 •2. The fall of the voice; sometimes the 
 general modulation of the voice. 
 " The sliding, in the close or cadence, hath an 
 agreement with the figure in rhetorick, which 
 they call j>r<r(fretper(ii(Mm; for there is pleasure 
 even in being deceived. Bacon. 
 
 There be words not made with lungs, 
 Sententious show'rsi O let them fall! 
 Their caiicKCe is rhetorical. _ Crashaw. 
 
 3. The flow of verses, or periods. 
 
 Tlie words, the versification, and all the other 
 elegancies of sound, as cadences, and turns of words 
 upon the tliought, perform exactly the same office 
 both in draniatick and epick poetry. Dryden. 
 
 The cadencii of one line must be a rule to that 
 of the next ; as the sound of the former must slide 
 gently into that which follows. Dryden. 
 
 4. The tone or sound. 
 
 Hollow rocks retain 
 The sound of blust'ring winds, which all night 
 
 long 
 Had rous (1 the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull 
 Sea-faring men, o' erwatched. Milton. 
 
 He liaih a confused remembrance of words 
 since he left the university ; he haili lost half 
 their meaning, and puts them together with no 
 regard, excepT to tlieir cadence. Sii'i/t. 
 
 5. la horsemanship. 
 
 Cadence is an equal measure or proportion which 
 a horse observes in all his motions, when he is 
 thoroughly managed. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ca'dent^ adj. [cadens, Lat.] Falling 
 
 down. 
 Cadet, n. s. [cadet, Fr. pronounced 
 
 cadt:.] 
 J . Tlie younger brother. 
 
 2. The youngest brother. 
 
 .loseph was the youngest of the twelve, and 
 David the eleventh "son, and the cadet of Jesse. 
 Btvwn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 3. A voluntier in the army, who serves in 
 expectation of a commission. 
 
 Ca'dew. n, s. A sti-aw worm. See 
 Caddis. ■£>'f'- 
 
 Kk 
 
 249
 
 C A I 
 
 Ca'dger. n. ». [from cadge, or cage a 
 pan'ur.] A huckster; one who brings 
 butter, eggs, and jxjultry, from the 
 country to market. 
 
 CADI. n. s. A Magistrate among the 
 Turks, whose office seems nearly to 
 answer to that of a justice of peace. 
 
 Cadii.'lack. n. s. A sort of pear. 
 
 CMCIAS. n.s, [Lat.] A wind from the 
 north east. 
 
 Now from the north, 
 Tioroas and Carirt*", and Argestes loud. 
 And Thracias, rend the woods, and seas upturn. 
 
 M'dtm. 
 
 C.esa'rean. See Cesarian. 
 
 CjESURA. n. s. [Lat.] A figure in 
 poclry, by which a short syllable after 
 a complete foot is made long. 
 
 CAFTAN n. s. [Persick.] A Persian 
 or Turkish vest or garment. 
 
 Cag. 71. s. A baiTel or wooden vessel, 
 containing four or five gallons. Some- 
 times keg. 
 
 CAGE. «. s. [cage, Fr. from cavea, Lat.] 
 
 1. An inclosiu'e of twigs or wire, in 
 which birds are kept. 
 
 See whetlier a cage can please a V/ird ? or whe- 
 tiier a dog crow not fiercer with tying ? Sidneif. 
 
 He taught me how to know* a man in love ; 
 in which cage of rushes, 1 am sure you are not 
 a prisoner. Shakesp. 
 
 Though slaves, like birds that sing not in a cage.. 
 They lost their genius, and poetick rage ; 
 Homers again and Pindars may be fiuuid. 
 And his great actions with their numbers crown'd 
 
 Waller. 
 
 And parrots, imitating human tongue. 
 
 And singing birds in silver cages liung ; 
 
 And ev'ry (ragant flow'r, and od'rous green. 
 
 Were sorted well, with lumps of amber laid 
 
 between. Dryden. 
 
 A man recurs to our fancy, by remembering 
 his garment ; a beast, bird, or fish, by the cage 
 or court-yard, or cistern, wlierein it was kept. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 The reason why so few marriages are happy 
 is, because young ladies spend their time u 
 making nets, nut in making cages. Sicil't 
 
 2. A place for wild beasts, inclosed with 
 pallisadoes. 
 
 3. A prison for petty malefactors. 
 To Cage. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 inclose in a cage. 
 
 He swoln, and pamper'd, with high fare. 
 Sits down, and snorts, cag'd in his basket chair, 
 
 Dojine. 
 
 CAIMAN, n. s. The American name 
 
 of a crocodile. 
 To CAJO'LE. V. a. [cageoller, Fr.] To 
 
 flatter ; to sooth ; to coax ; a low word, 
 
 Thouglit be, 'tis no mean part of civil 
 State prudence, to cajole the devil. Hudihras 
 
 The one atiVonts liim, while the other cajoles 
 and pities him: takes up his quarrel, shakes his 
 head at it, clasps his hand upon his breast, and 
 then protests aud protests. UEstrange. 
 
 Mv tongue that wanted to caJoU 
 I try^d, but not a word wtmld troll. Rymer. 
 
 Cajo'ler. n. s. [from cajole.] A flat- 
 terer ; a whcedler. 
 Cajo'lery. n. s, [cajohrie, Fr] Flattery. 
 CAISSON, n. s. [French.] 
 
 1. A chest of bombs or powder, laid in 
 the enemy's way, to be fired at their ap- 
 proach. 
 
 2. A wooden case in which the piers of 
 bridges are built within the water. 
 
 C A L 
 
 Cai'tiFf. n. s. [catlii'o, Ital. a slave; 
 whence it came to signify a bad man, 
 with some implication of meanness; as 
 knave in English, and/«)- in Latin; so 
 certainly does slavery destroy virtue. 
 
 Homer. 
 A slave and a scoundrel are signified by 
 the same words in many languages.] A 
 mean villain ; a despicable knave ; it 
 often implies a mixture of wickedness 
 and misery. 
 
 Vile caitig t vassal of dread and despair, 
 Unworthy of the conunon brcatheil air ! 
 Why livest tluui, dead dog, a longer day, 
 And dost not inU(j death thyself prepare? Spenser. 
 
 'Tis not impossible 
 But one, the wicked'st caitiff' on the ground, 
 May seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute, 
 As "Angelo. Shuke^p. 
 
 The wretched caitilf, all alone. 
 As he believ'd, began to nuian. 
 And tell bis story to himself. Hudihras. 
 
 CAKE. re. s. [cuch, Teutonick,] 
 
 1 . A kind of delicate bread. 
 
 You must be seeing christenings ! do you look 
 for ale and cakes here, you rude rascals ? Shakesp. 
 
 JMy cake is dough, but I'll in amongst the rest. 
 Out 'of bope of all but my share of the icust.Shak. 
 
 'I'he dismal day was come ; the priests prepare 
 Their leaven'd cukes, and fillets for my hair. 
 
 Drtjden. 
 
 2. Any thing of a form rather flat than 
 high ; by which it is sometimes distin- 
 guished from a loaf. 
 
 There is a cake that groweth upon the side of a 
 dead tree, that hath gotten no name, but it is 
 large, and of a chesnut colour, and hard and 
 pithy. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. Concreted matter ; coagulated matter. 
 
 Then when the fleecy skies new cloath the 
 wood. 
 And cakes of rustling ice come rolling down the 
 flood. Dryden. 
 
 To Cake. i'. n. [from the noun.] To 
 harden, as dough in the oven. 
 
 This burning matter, as it sunk very leisurely, 
 had time to cake together, and form the bottom, 
 which covers the mouth of tbat dreadful vault, 
 that lies underneath it, Addison on Italy. 
 
 This is that very mab. 
 That plats the manes of horses in the night. 
 And cakes the cltlocks in foul sluttish hairs. Shak. 
 
 He rins'd the wound. 
 And wash'd away the strings and clotted blood. 
 That cak'd within. Addison. 
 
 Calaba'sh Tree. 
 
 It hath a flower consisting of one leaf; divided 
 at the brim into several jtarls ; from whose cup 
 rises the pointal, in the hinder part of the flower ; 
 which atterwards becomes a ileshy fruit, having 
 an hard shell. Tliey rise to the height of twenty - 
 five or liiirty feet in the West Indies, where they 
 grow naturally. The shells are used by the 
 negroes for cups, as also for making iftstruments 
 of music, by making a hole in the shell, and put- 
 ting in small stones, with which they make a sort 
 of rattle. Miller. 
 
 Calama'nco. n. s. [A word derived, 
 
 probably by some accident, from cala- 
 
 mancus, Lat. which, in the middle ages, 
 
 signified a hat.] A kind of woollen 
 
 stuff. 
 
 lie was of a bulk and stature larger than ordi- 
 nary, had a red coat, flung open to shew a ca- 
 lamanco waistcoat. ' Taller. 
 
 Ca'lamine. or Lapis Calammaris, n. s. 
 A kind of fossile bituminous earth, which, 
 
 being mixed witli copper, changes it 
 
 into brass. 
 We must not omit those, which, though not 
 
 of so much beauty, yet are of greater use. 
 
 C A L 
 
 vii. loadstones, whetstones of all kinds, lime- 
 stones, calam'me, or Itipis calaminaris. Locke. 
 
 Ca'lamint. n. s. [calaminlha Lat.] The 
 
 name of a plant. 
 Cala'mitous. adj. [calamilostis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Miserable; involved in distress; op- 
 pressed with infelicity ; imhappy ; 
 wretched ; applied to men. 
 
 This is a graciinis provision God Almighty hath 
 made in favour of the necessitous and euLunitons ; 
 the state of some, in this life, being so e.xtremely 
 wretched and deplorable, when compared with 
 others. Calamy, 
 
 2. Fitll of misery; distressful: applied 
 to external circumstances. 
 
 What calamitotis efl'ects the air of this city 
 wrought upon us the last year, you may read in 
 my discourse of the plague. i/iiCfcj/ on Consumptions 
 
 Strict necessity 
 Subdues me, antl calamitous constraint ! 
 Lest on my liead bolh sin and punishment. 
 However insupportable, be all 
 Uevolv'd. Milton. 
 
 Much rather I shall chuse 
 
 To live the poorest in my tribe, than richest. 
 
 And he in that calamitous prison left. Milton. 
 
 In Ibis sad and calamitous condition, deliverance 
 
 from an oppressour would have even revived 
 
 them. South. 
 
 Cala'mitousness, n. s. [from calami- 
 tons.] Misery ; distress. 
 CALA'MITY. 11. s. [calamitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Misfortune; cause of misery ; distress. 
 
 Another ill accident is drought, and the spind- 
 ling of the corn, which with us is rare, but in 
 hotter countries common ; insomuch as the word 
 calamitij was first derived from calamous, when the* 
 corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon. 
 
 2. Misery; distress. 
 
 This inlinite calamity shall Cause 
 To human life, and houshold peace confound. 
 
 Miltcn. 
 From aflverse shores in safety let her hear 
 Foreign calamitit, and distant war; 
 Of which great heav'n, let her no portion bear. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 CALAMUS, n. s. [Lat.] A sort of reed or 
 sweet-scented wood, mentioned in scrip- 
 ture with the other ingredients of the 
 sacred perfumes. It is a knotty root, 
 reddish without, and white within, 
 which puts forth long and naiTow leaves, 
 and brought from the Lidies. The 
 prophe'ts speak of it as a foreign com- 
 modity of great value. The sweet reeds 
 
 have no smell when they are green, 
 
 but when they are dry only. I'heir fonn 
 differs not from other reeds, and iheir 
 smell is perceived upon entering the 
 marshes. Calmel. 
 
 Take thou also unto thee principal spices of 
 p\ire myrrh, of sweet cinnamon, and of sweet 
 calamus. Exodus, xxx. 23. 
 
 Cala'sh. n. s. [{torn calecbe, Fr.] A 
 small carriage of pleasure. 
 
 Daniel, a sprightly swain, that us'd to flash 
 The vig'rous steeds, that drew his lord's calash. 
 
 King. 
 
 The ancients used calashes, the figures of seve- 
 ral of them being to be seen on ancient monu- 
 ments. They are very simple, light, and drove 
 by the traveller bimseli'. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Ca'lceated. adj. [calceatus, Lat.] Shod; 
 
 fitted with shoes. 
 CALCEDONIUS. n.s. [Lat] A kind 
 of precious stone. 
 
 Culccdonius is of the agate kind, and of a mistj 
 grey, clouded with blue, or with purple. 
 
 Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 To Calcinate. See To Calcine. 
 
 250
 
 C A L 
 
 In liardcnitic, by baking without mcltinp, the 
 heat Imth tliose degrees ; tfrst, it incliiratctli, then 
 maketh fragile, and lastly it dotli calcinate. 
 
 Bacons Nat, Hist. 
 
 Calcina'tion. n. s. [fvom calci7ie ; cal- 
 cination, Fr.] Such a management of 
 bodies by fire, as renders them reducible 
 to powder ; wherefore it is called chy- 
 mical pulverization. This is tlie next 
 degree of the power of fire beyond that 
 effusion ; for when fusion is longer con- 
 tinued, not only the more subtile parti- 
 cles of the body itself fly off, but the par- 
 ticles of fire likewise insinuate them- 
 selves ill such midtitudes, and are so 
 blended through its whole substance, 
 that the fluidity, first caused by the fire, 
 can no longer subsist. From this union 
 arises a third kind of body, which, being 
 very porous and brittle, is easily reduced 
 to powder ; for, the fire having pene- 
 trated every where into the pores of the 
 body, the particles are both hindered 
 from mutual contact, and divided into 
 minute atoms. Quincy. 
 
 Divers residences of bodies are thrown away, 
 as soon as the distillation or calcination of the 
 body that yieldeth them is ended. Boule. 
 
 This may he ettected, but not without calcina- 
 tioUt Of reducing it by art into a subtile powder. 
 Brawn's Viilg. Err. 
 
 Calci'natory. n. s. [from calcinate.] 
 
 A vessel used in calcination. 
 To CALCI'NE. V. a. [calciner, Fr. from 
 
 calx, Lat.] 
 
 1. To burn in the fire to a calx, or friable 
 substance. See Calcination. 
 
 The solids seem to be earth, bound together with 
 some oil ; for if a bone be calcined, so as the least 
 force will crumble it, being immersed in oil, it 
 will grow firm again. Arbutltnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. To burn up. 
 
 Fiery disputes that union have calcined, 
 Almost as many mimls as men we find. Denham. 
 
 To Calci'ne. v. n. To become a calx 
 by heat. 
 
 This chrystal is a pellucid fissile stone, clear as 
 water, and without colour.enduring a red licat with- 
 out losing its transparency, and, in a very strong 
 heat, calcining without fusion. Newton's Optichs. 
 
 To CALCULATE, v. a. [calcukr, Fr. 
 from calculus, Lat. a little stone or bead, 
 used ill operations of numbers.] 
 
 1. To compute ; to reckon : as, he calcu- 
 lates his expences. 
 
 2. To compute the situation of the planets 
 at any certain time. 
 
 A cunning man did calculate my birth 
 And told me, that by water 1 should die. 
 
 Shake sp. Hcnrij \l. 
 
 Why all these fires, why all these gliding ghosts, 
 Why old men, fools, and" children calculate. 
 Why all those things change from their ordinance.? 
 
 Sbakcsp. 
 
 Who were there then in the world, to observe 
 the births of those first men, and calculate their 
 nativities, .IS they sprawled out of ditches?Bf«(/fi/. 
 
 3. To adjust; to project for any certain end. 
 
 The reasonableness of religion clearly appears, 
 as it tends so directly to the liappiness of men.and 
 is, upon all accounts, calculated for our benefit. 
 
 J'illotson. 
 
 To CALCULATE. V. n. To make a compu- 
 tation. 
 Calcula'tion. n. s. [from calcidafe.] 
 1. A practice, or manner of reckoning; 
 the art of numbering. 
 
 C A L 
 
 Cypher, that great friend to calcidation ; or 
 rather, which changeth ralculation into easy com- 
 putatiuii. Holder on Time. 
 
 2. A reckoning; the result of arithmetical 
 operation. 
 
 If liieii their calctdation ho true, for so they 
 reckon. Jlnoker. 
 
 Being diircrenl from calculations of the ancients, 
 their ubservations confirm not ours. 
 
 Bnmn's Viilg. F.rr. 
 
 Calcu'lator, n. s. [from calculate.] 
 
 A computer ; a reckoner. 
 Ca'culatory. adj. [from calculate.] 
 
 Belonging to calculation. 
 Ca'lcule. 71. s. [from calcithts, Lat.] 
 
 Reckoning ; compute : obsolete. 
 
 The general calcnle, which was made in the last 
 perambulation, exceeded eight millions. 
 
 IloweCs Vocal Forest. 
 
 Ca'lculose. \(i(lj' [from calculus, Lat.] 
 Ca'lculous. J Stony; gritty. 
 
 The volatile salt of urine will coagulate sjnrits 
 of wine; and thus, perhaps, the stones, orcu/c((- 
 lose concretions m the kidney or bladder, may 
 be produced. 'Brown's Viil^. Err. 
 
 I have found, by opening the kidneys ot a cal- 
 culous person, that the stone is formed earlier 
 than I have suggested. Sharp. 
 
 CALCULOUS, n. s. [Latin.] The stone 
 
 in the bladder. 
 Ca'ldron. n. s. [chauljron, Fr. from 
 
 calidus, Lat.] A pot ; a boiler ; a kettle. 
 
 In the midst of all 
 There placed was a caldron wide and tall. 
 Upon a mighty furnace, burning hot. Fair^i Q. 
 
 Some strip tne skin ; some portion out the spoil; 
 The limbs, yet trembling, in the caljirnns boil ; 
 Some on the fire the reeking entrails broil. 
 
 Vrijden's JEneid. 
 
 In the late eruptions, this great hollow was like 
 a vast caldron, filled with glowing and melted 
 matter, which, as it boiled over in any part, ran 
 down the sides of the mountain. Addison. 
 
 Caleche. Tlie same with Calash. 
 Calefa'ction. n. s. [from calcfacio,Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of heating any thing. 
 
 2. The state of being heated. 
 Calefa'ctive. adj. [from calefacio, 
 
 Lat.] That which makes any thing hot ; 
 
 heating. 
 Calefactory .«<//'. [from calefacio, Lat.] 
 
 That which Jieats. 
 ToCA'LEFY. i>. n. [calefio, Lat] To 
 
 grow hot ; to be heated. 
 
 Crystal will ca/c/'i/ unto electricity ; that is, a 
 power to attract straws, or light bodies, and con- 
 vert the needle, Jree/y placed. Broimis Vulg. Err. 
 To Ca'lefy. v. n. To make hot. 
 Calendar, n. s. [cakndarium, Lat. J 
 A register of the year, in which the 
 months, and stated times, are marked, 
 as festivals and holidays. 
 
 What hath this day deserved? what hath it done, 
 Tliat it in golden letter should be set 
 Among the high tides, in the calendar ?_ 
 
 Shakesp. King .ToJm. 
 
 We cora)H»te from calendars dirlering from one 
 another ; the compute of the one anticipating 
 that of tlie other. Broun. 
 
 Curs'd be the day when first I did appear ; 
 Let it be blotted from the calendar. 
 Lest it pollute the month I Driidcn's Fahles. 
 
 To CALENDER, v. a. [caletidrcr, Fr. 
 
 Skinner.] To dress cloth ; to lay ihe nap 
 
 of cloth smooth. 
 Ca'lender. n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 
 hot press ; a press in which clothiers 
 
 smooth their cloth. 
 
 C A L 
 
 Ca'lendrer. n. s. [from calender.] 
 The person who calenders 
 
 C a' LENDS, n. s. {culendfe, I>at. It has no 
 singular.] The first day of every month 
 among the Koiiians, 
 
 Ca'lentuke. n. s. [from calco, Ijit] 
 A distemper peculiar to sailors in liot 
 climates ; wherein they ima-^ine the sea 
 to be green fields, and will throw them- 
 selves into it. iiuincy. 
 
 And for that lethargy was there no cure. 
 But to be cast into a ca/en(«rc. Dtnham. 
 
 So, by a C(;/enture misled. 
 The mariner with rapture sees, 
 
 On lire smooth ocean's a^ure bed, 
 Enamell'd fields, and verdant trees j 
 
 \Viih eager haste he longs to rove 
 In tiiat fantastic scene, and tliinks 
 
 It must be soiueenchanied prove; 
 And in he leaps, and down he sinks. Sin/>. 
 
 Calf. n. s. calves in the plural, [cealp, 
 
 .Saxon ; half Dutch.] 
 t . The young of a cow. 
 
 The colt hath about four years of growth ; and 
 
 so the fawn, and so the calf. Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 Acosta tells us of a fowl in Peru, called condore, 
 
 which will kill and eat up a whole calf at a time. 
 
 Wilkins. 
 Ah, Blouzelind ! I love thee more by half 
 Than does their fawns, or cows the new-fall'n calf. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 2. Calves of the lips, mentioned by Ilosea, 
 signify sacrifices of praise and praj-ers, 
 wliich the captives of Babylon addressed 
 to God, being no longer in a condition 
 to offer sacrifices in his temple. Calniet. 
 
 Turn to the Lord, and say unto him. Take away 
 all iniquity, and receive us graciously : so will w*e 
 render the calves of our lips. )losia, xiv. ti. 
 
 3. By way of contempt and reproach, ap- 
 plied to a human being; a dolt; astupid 
 wretch. 
 
 ^Vhen a child haps to be got, 
 That after proves an ideot ; 
 When folk perceive it thriveth not, 
 Some silly doating brainless calf. 
 That understands things by the half 
 Says, that the fairy leu the oaf. 
 And took away the other. Draifions Nymphid. 
 
 4. The thick, plump, bulbous part of the 
 leg. [kalf, Dutch.] 
 
 Into her legs I'd have love's issues fall, 
 And all her calf into a Louty small. Suckling. 
 
 The calf of that let; Ihli^iered. Wiseman's Surg, 
 
 Ca'licek. n. s. [calihre, IV.] The bore; 
 the diameter of the barrel of a gun ; 
 the diameter of a bullet. 
 
 Ca'lice. U.S. [rfl//.rjLat.] A cup; a chalice. 
 
 I'here is a natural anulogy between the ablution 
 of the body and the purification of the soul ; be- 
 tween catiug the holy bread and drinking the sa- 
 cred fd/jre, and a participation of the body and 
 blood of Christ. Taylor. 
 
 Calico. //. s. [from Calicut in Inclia.] 
 An Indian stuft made of cotton; some- 
 times stained Avith gay and beautiful 
 colours. 
 
 I wear t)ie hoop petticoat, and am ^}\ hi caUco& 
 when the fmest are in silks. AdcHsim^s Spectator. 
 
 Calid. atij. [calidus, Lat] Hot; burn- 
 ing; fervent. 
 
 Cali'dity. h. s. [from calid.] Heat. 
 
 Ice will dissolve in any wav of heat ; for it will 
 dissolve with lire, it will cofliquate in water, or 
 warm oil ; nor doth it only submit into an actual 
 heat, hut not endure the potential caliditu of many 
 waters. Brvirns Vulg. Krr. 
 
 Calif, 1 n. s. [khali/a, Arab, an heir or 
 Ca'liph, J successor.] A title assumed 
 
 251
 
 C A L 
 
 by the successors of MaJiomet among 
 the Saracens, who were vested witli 
 absolute power in affairs both religious 
 and civil. 
 Caliga'tion. n. x. [from caligo, Lat. 
 to be dark.] Darkness ; cloudiness. 
 
 Instead of a diminution, (ir imperfect vision, ii 
 the mole, we affirm an abolition, or total priva- 
 tion ; instead of cuin^utlon or dimness, wc con- 
 cludca cecity or blindness. hrown, 
 
 Cali'ginous. tu/j. [caliginosus, Lat.] 
 
 Obscure; dim; full of darkness. 
 Cali'ginousness. n. s. [from caligi 
 
 7WUS.] Darkness; obscurity. 
 C.Vli graph Y. n. s. [xa^iypa^ia.] Beau- 
 tiful writing. 
 This language is incapable of caligraphif. 
 
 Pridcaui 
 
 Calipers. See Callipers. 
 Ca'liver. n. s. [from caliber.] A hand- 
 gun ; a harquebuse ; an old musquet. 
 Come, manage rae your caliver. 
 
 Shakfsp. //eni'v IV 
 CA'LIX. 71. s. [Lat.] A cup , a word 
 used in botany; as, the calix of a flower. 
 To C.\LK. V. a. [from calagt, Fr. hemp, 
 with which leaks are stopped ; or from 
 ca?le, Sax. the keel. Skinner.] To stop 
 the leaks of a siiip. 
 
 There is a great errour committed ni the man- 
 ner of calking his majesty's ships ; which being 
 done with rotten oakum', is the cause they are 
 Jeaky, Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 So* here some pick out bullets from the side ; 
 Some drive old oakum throuch each seam and rift; 
 
 Their left hand does the calking iron guide. 
 The rattling mallet with the right they liTt. Driid. 
 
 Ca'lker. n. s. [from callc] The workman 
 that stops the leaks of a ship. 
 
 The ancients of Gebal, and the wiscmen there- 
 of, were in thee thy calkers ; all the ships of the 
 sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy 
 thy merchandize. Ezek. xxvii. 9. 
 
 Ca'lking. ?i. s. A term in painting, used 
 where the backside is co^■ered with black 
 lead, or red chalk, and the lines traced 
 through on a waxed plate, wall, or other 
 matter, by passing lightly over each 
 stroke of the design with a point, which 
 leaves an impression of the colour on the 
 plate or wall. Uinmbers. 
 
 To CALL. V. a. [calo, Lat. kalder, Danish] 
 
 1. To name, to denominate. 
 
 And God called the light day, and the darkness 
 he called night. Genesis, i. 5, 
 
 2. To summon, or invite, to or from any 
 place, thing, or person. It is often used 
 with local particles, as up, down, in, 
 
 out, off. 
 
 Be not amazed ; call all your senses to you ; 
 defend my reputation, or bid farewel to your 
 gopt^ life (oT ever. Shakesp. 
 
 W hy came not the slave back to me when I 
 ca//e^i him? Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Are you call'd forth from out a worlti of men, 
 To slay the innocent? Shakesp. liich. III. 
 
 Lodronius, that famous captain, was called up, 
 and told by his servants that the general was fled. 
 Knolless Histori/. 
 Or call up him that left half told 
 
 The story of Cambuscan bold. Milton. 
 
 Drunkenness calls off the watchmen from their 
 tower ; and then evils proceed from a loose heart, 
 and an untied tongue. Taylor's Hirly Living. 
 
 'l"he soul makes use of her memory, to call to 
 mind what s''e is to treat of. 
 
 Duppa's Rules to Devotion. 
 
 C A L 
 
 Such fine employments our whole days divide ; 
 The salutations of the morning tide. 
 
 Call up tiie sun ; tliose emleil, to the hall 
 We wait the patron, hear the lawyers bawl.Drj/rfcn 
 
 Then by consent abstain from further toils. 
 Call off' the dogs, and gather up the spoils. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 By the pleasures of the imagination or fancy, 
 I mean such as .arise from visible objects, when 
 we call up their ideas into our minds b^ paintingS; 
 statues, or descriptions. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 Why dost thou call my sorrow iip afre»h ? 
 My father's name brings tears into my eyes. 
 
 Aad'i.^on's Cato. 
 
 I am called off from public dissertations, by a 
 domestic alfair of great nuportancc. Taller. 
 
 iEschvlus hasa tradegy intitled Persir, in which 
 the shade of Darius is called up. 
 
 Broome on the Odysseij 
 
 The passions call awaii the thoughts, with in- 
 cessant importunity, toward the object that ex- 
 cited them. IVatts. 
 
 3. To convoke ; to summon together. 
 
 Now call we our Inch court of parliament. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The king being informed of much that had 
 passed that night, sent to the lord mayor to ca//a 
 common council innnedialely. Clarendon. 
 
 4. To summon judicially. / ■ 
 
 The king had sent for the earl to return home, 
 where he should be called to account for all his 
 
 miscarriages. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 Once a day, especially in the early years of life 
 and study, "<■<''( yourselves to an accomit, what 
 new ideas, what new proposition or trutli, you 
 have gained. Matts. 
 
 5. To summon by command. 
 
 In that day did the Lord God of hosts call to 
 weeping and" to mourning, and to bahlness, and 
 to girding with sackcloth. Isaiah, xxii. 12. 
 
 C. In the theological sense, to inspire with 
 ardours of piety, or to summons into 
 the church. 
 
 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an 
 apostle, separated unto the gospel of God. 
 
 Rom. i. 1. 
 
 7. To invoke ; to appeal to. 
 
 I cull God for a rccod upon my soul, that, to 
 spare you, I came not as yet unto Corinth. 
 ^ ^ ' •' 2 Cor. i. 23. 
 
 8. To appe.tl to. 
 
 When that lord perplexed their counsels and 
 designs with inconvenient objections in law, the 
 authority of the lord Manchester, who had trod 
 the same paths, was still culled upon. Clarendon. 
 
 9. To proclaim ; to publish. 
 
 Nor ballad-singer, plac'd above the crowd. 
 Sings with a note so shrilling, sweet, and loud. 
 Nor parish clerk, who calls the psalm so clear. Gai/ 
 
 10. To excite ; to put in action ; to bring 
 into view. 
 
 He swells with angry pride, 
 And calls forth all his spots on every side. Cowley. 
 
 See Dionysius Homer's thoughts refine, 
 .\nd call new beauties forth from ev'ry line. Pt^e. 
 
 11. To stigmatize with some opprobrious 
 denomination. 
 
 Deafness unqualifies men for all company, ex- 
 cept friends ; whom I can ca^/ names, if they do 
 not speak loud enough. Sic'if't to Pope. 
 
 12. To call back. To revoke; to retract. 
 
 He also is wise, and will bring evil, and will 
 not call hack his words ; but will arise against the 
 house of the evil doers; and against the help of 
 tliem that work iniquity. tsauih, xxxi. 2. 
 
 13. To call for. To demand; to require ; 
 
 to claim. 
 
 Madam, his majesty doth cn/Z/or you. 
 And/or your grace, and you, my noble lord. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 You see how men of merit are sought after ; 
 the uudeserver may sleep, when the man of ac- 
 tion is called for. Shake^. 
 
 C A L 
 
 Among them he a spirit of phrensy sent. 
 Who hurt their minds. 
 And ur^'dyou on, with mad desire. 
 To call in haste/or tlieir destroyer. 
 
 Milton's Sampson Agonistet. 
 For master, or for servant here to rail, 
 Was all aUke, where only two were all. 
 
 Driidens FabUt. 
 
 He commits every sin that liis appetite calls for^ 
 
 or perhaps his constitution or fortune can hear. 
 
 Rogers, 
 
 14. To call in. To resume money at interest 
 
 Horace descrilies an ohl usurer, as so charmed 
 with the pleasures of a country life, that, in order 
 to make a purchase, lie called in all his money ; 
 but what was the event of it? wliy, in a very 
 few days after, he put it out again. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 15. To call in. To resume any thing that 
 is in other hands. 
 
 If clipped money be called in all at once, and 
 stopped from passing by weight, I fear it will 
 stop trade. Locke. 
 
 Neither is any thing more cruel and oppressive 
 in the French government, than their practice of 
 calling in their money, after they have sunk it 
 very low, and then coining it anew, at a higher 
 value. Su'j/t. 
 
 16. To call in. To summon together; 
 to invite. 
 
 The heat is past, follow no farther now : 
 Callin the pow'rs, good cousin Westmoreland. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He fears mj' subjects lo>'alty, 
 And now must call in strangers. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 17. To call over. To read aloud a list or 
 muster-roll. 
 
 18. To call out. To challenge; to sum- 
 mon to fight. 
 
 When their sov'reign's quarrel caZ/a 'era out 
 His foes to mortal combat they defy. 
 
 iJrydens Virgil. 
 
 To Call, v. n, 
 
 1. To stop without intention of staying. 
 This meaning probalfly arose from me 
 custom of denoting one's presence at the 
 dofir by a call ; but it is now used with 
 great latitude. This sense is well c:iough 
 preserved by the particles on or ai\ but 
 is forgotten, and the expression made 
 barbarous by in. 
 
 *i. To make a sliort visit. 
 
 And, as you go, call on ray brother Qulntns, 
 And pray him, with the tribunes, to come to me. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 He ordered her to call at his house once a week, 
 which she did for some time after, when he heard 
 no more of her. Temple. 
 
 That I might begin as near the fountain-head 
 as possible, I first of all called iu at St. James's, 
 Addison's ''spectator. 
 " We called in at Jlorge, wliere there is an artifi- 
 cial port. Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. To call on. To solicit for a favour, or 
 a debt, 
 
 I would be loth to pay him before his day ; 
 what need I be so forward with him, that calls 
 not on me ? Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 4. To call on. To repeat solemnly. 
 
 Thrice call upon my name; thrice beat your 
 breast, 
 And hail rae thrice to everlasting rest. Dryden. 
 
 The Athenians, when they lost any raen at sea, 
 went to the shores, and, calling thrice on their 
 name, raised a cenotaph, or empty monument, 
 to their memories. Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 5. To call vpon. To implore ; to pray to. 
 
 Call upon mc in the day of trouble; I will deli- 
 Ter thee, and thou shall glorify me. 
 
 Psalm 1.15. 
 
 252
 
 C A L 
 
 Call. «. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A vocal address of summons or invitation 
 
 Bui death comes not at call, justice dirine 
 Mends not her slowest pace for praj rs or cries. 
 
 Miltm. 
 But would you sing, and rival Orpheus' strain, 
 The wond'ring forest soon should dance again : 
 The moving mountains hear the puw'rful call. 
 And headlong streams hang list'uing in their fall. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A requisition authoritative and public. 
 
 It may be feared, whether our nobility would 
 contentedly suffer themselves to be always at the 
 call, and to stand to the sentence, of a number 
 of mean persons. Hocikers Preface. 
 
 3. Divine vocation ; summons to true re- 
 ligion. 
 
 Vet he at length, time to himself best known, 
 Rememb'ring Abraham, by some wond'rous call. 
 May bring them back repentant aud sincere. il/i/(. 
 
 4. A summons from heaven ; an impulse. 
 
 How justly then will impious mortals fall, 
 Whose pride would soar to heav'n without a call'. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Those who to empire by dark paths aspire. 
 Still plead a call to what iney most desire. Drj/rfen. 
 
 St Paul himself believed he did well, and that 
 he had a call to it, when he persecuted the chris- 
 tians, whom he confidently thought in the wrong : 
 but vet it was he, and not they, who were mis- 
 taken. Locke. 
 
 5. Authority; command. 
 
 Oh, Sir ! I wish he were within my call or 
 Yours. Dcnham. 
 
 6." A demand ; a claim. 
 
 Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity, 
 and a greater incitement to tenderness and pity, 
 than any other motive whatsoever. Jddiion'tSpect. 
 
 7. An instrument to call birds. 
 
 Fur those birds or beasts were made from such 
 pipes or calls, as may express the several tones of 
 those creatures, which are represented. 
 
 Il'i/dirts's Mathematical Magic. 
 
 8. Calling ; vocation ; employment. 
 
 Now through the land his cure of souls he 
 stretch''d. 
 And like a primitive apostle prcach'd : 
 Still cheerful, ever constant to his call. 
 By many follow'd, lov'd by most, admir'd by all. 
 
 Drjjden. 
 
 9. A nomination. 
 
 Upon the sixteenth was held the sergeants feast 
 at Ely-place, there being nine Serjeants of that 
 call. Bacm. 
 
 Ca'lL.VT. 1 A i 11 
 
 ^ . > n. s. A trull. 
 
 Callet. ) 
 
 He call'd her whore : a beggar, in his drink, 
 Could not have laid such terms upon his callet. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Ca'lling. n. I. [from call.] 
 
 1 . ^'ocation ; profession ; trade. 
 
 If God has interwoveu such a pleasure with our 
 ordmary culling, how much superior must that 
 be, winch arises from the survey of a pious life r 
 Surely, as much as Chrisliauily is nobler than a 
 trade. South. 
 
 We find ourselves obliged to go on ki honest in- 
 dustry in our callings. Rogers. 
 
 i cannot forbeiir warning you against endea- 
 vouring at wit in your sermons ; because many of 
 your calling have" made tbemselve* ridiculous by 
 attempting it. Swift. 
 
 I left no calling for this idle trade, 
 N J duty broke, no father disobey'd. Pope. 
 
 2. Proper station, or employment. 
 
 The Gauls found the Roman senators ready to 
 die with honour in their caltings. Su-ijt. 
 
 3. Class of persons united by the same 
 
 employment or profession. 
 
 It may be a caution to all christian churches and 
 magistrates, not to impose celibacy on whole cal- 
 lings, and great multitudes of men or women, who 
 cannot be supposable to have the gift of conti- 
 Qcnce. Hammond, 
 
 C A L 
 
 4. Divine vocation ; invitation or impulse 
 to the true religion. 
 
 Give all diligence, to make your calling and 
 
 election sure. 2 Peler, i. 10. 
 
 Si. Peter was ignorant of the calling of the 
 
 Gentiles. Hakeu-ill on Providence. 
 
 Callipers, m. s. [Of this word I know 
 not the etymology; nor does any thing 
 more probably occur, than that, perhaps, 
 the word is corrupted from clippers, 
 instruments with which any tiling is 
 clipped, inclosed, or embraced.] Com- 
 passes with bowed shanks. 
 
 Callipers measure the distance of any round, 
 cylindrick, conical body ; so that when workmen 
 use them, they open the two points to their de- 
 scribed width, and turn so much stuff off the m- 
 tended place, till the two points of the callipers fit 
 just over their work..yoiiin'j Mechanical Ejercises. 
 
 Callosity, n. s. [callosile, Fr.] A kind 
 of swelling without pain, like that of 
 the skin by hard labour ; and therefore 
 when wounds, or the edges of ulcers, 
 grow so, they are said to be callous. 
 
 Quincy. 
 The surgeon ought to vary the diet of his pa- 
 tient, as he finds the fibres loosen too much, are 
 too flaccid, and produce funguses ; or as they har- 
 den, and produce callosities; ni the first case, wine 
 and spirituous liquors are useful, in the last hurt- 
 ful. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Ca'llous. adj. [callus, Lat] 
 
 1. Indurated : hardened; having the pores 
 shut up. 
 
 In progress of time, the ulcers becamesinuou! 
 and ca/lou»,wiih ind uralion of tlie glands. Witemon. 
 
 2. Hardened ; insensible. 
 
 Licentiousness has so long passed for sharpness 
 of wit, and greatness of mind, that the conscience 
 is gro» u cations. V Estrange. 
 
 The wretch is drench'd too deep ; 
 His soul is stupiil, and his heart asleep : 
 Fatten'd in vice, so callous and so gross. 
 He sins, and sees not, senseless of his lossDri/dfn. 
 
 Ca'llousness. n. s. [from callous. 
 
 1. Hardness ; induration of the fibres. 
 
 The ofteiier we use the organs of touching, the 
 more of these scales are formed, and the skin be- 
 comes the thicker, aud to a callousness grows upon 
 it. Cheyne, 
 
 2. Insensibility. 
 
 If they let go their hope of cTerlwting life with 
 willingness, »nd entertain final perdition with ex- 
 ultation, ought they not to be esteemed destitute 
 of common sense, and abaudoaed to a caUoutness 
 and numbness of soul. Bentkj/. 
 
 Ca'llow. adj. Unfledged; Mked; with- 
 out feathers. 
 
 Bursting with kindly r«pture, forth diiclosed 
 Their caliow young. HiUoa, 
 
 Then a« an eagle, who with piou care 
 Vfas beating wicicly on the wicg for prey. 
 To her uow sileut airy does repair. 
 And finds her callow infants forc'd away. Vryden. 
 Uow in small flight! tl»oy know ti tr/ tbeii 
 Touna, 
 And xt'icii tlw caiiom child ber parent's song. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 CALLU.'>. n. ». [Lat.] 
 
 1. An induration of the fibres. 
 
 '2. The hard substance by which broken 
 
 bones are united. 
 CALM. adj. [calme. Fr. kalm, Dutch.] 
 1 . Quiet ; serene ; not stormy ; not tern 
 pestuous : applied to the elements. 
 
 Calm was the day, and through the trembling air 
 Sweet breathing Zephyrusdid softly play 
 X gentle spirit, that lightly did allay 
 Hot Titan's beams, which then did glister fair. 
 
 Spenser. 
 So shall the sea be calm unto us, Jonah. 
 
 C A L 
 
 2. Undisturbed ; unruffled : applied to the 
 passions. 
 
 It is no wa3-s congruous, that God should be 
 frightening men into truth, who were made to be 
 wrought upon by calm evidence, and gentle me- 
 thods of persuasion. Atttrburu. 
 
 The queen her speech with calm attention hears. 
 Her eyes restrain the silver-sucaming tears. Pope. 
 
 Cal.m. II. ». 
 
 1. Serenity ; stillness; freedom from vio- 
 lent motion : used of the elements. 
 
 It scemeth most agreeable to reason, that tlt£ 
 .waters ratlier stood in a quiet culm, than tliat thej 
 moved with any raging or overbearing violence. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 Every pilot 
 Can steer the ship in calms ; but he performs 
 The skilful part, can manage it in storms. I'raAain. 
 
 Nor God alone in the still calm we find. 
 He mounts the storm, and walks upon the wind. 
 
 Popt. 
 
 2. Freedom from disturbance ; quiet; re- 
 pose : applied to the passions. 
 
 Great and strange calms usually portend t^^e 
 most violent sfor/ns ; and therefore, since storms ^id 
 calms do always follow one another, certainh-, of 
 the two, it is much more eligible to have the 'storm 
 first, and the ca/m afterwards : since Acatm before 
 a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own mak- 
 ing ; but a calm after a sdirm, a peace of Cod's. 
 
 7o Calm. v. a. [from the noun.] ^'""'• 
 
 1 . To still ; to quiet. 
 
 Neptune we find busy, in the beginning of the 
 ^i^neis, to calm the tempest raised Ijy .^ofus. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To pacify; to appease. 
 
 Jesus, whose bare word checked the sea, as 
 
 much exerts himself in silencing the tempests, 
 
 and calming tlie intestine storms, withui our breastt 
 
 Decay of Piett/, 
 
 Those passions, wliich seem somewhat calmed, 
 may be entirely laid asleep, and never more 
 awakened. illferfturv. 
 
 He will'd to stay, 
 The sacred rites and hetacombs to pay. 
 And ca/"i Minerva's wrath. Popt. 
 
 Ca'lmer. n. s. [from calm.] The person 
 or thing which has the power of giving 
 quiet. 
 
 Angling was, after tedious study, a rest to liis 
 mind, a cheerer of his spirits, a diverter of sad- 
 ness, a calmer of unquiet thoughts, a moderator 
 of passions, a procurer of contentedness.ira/ttm. 
 
 Ca'lmly. adj. [from calm.] 
 
 1 . AVithout storms, or violence ; serenely. 
 
 In nature, tilings move violently to their place, 
 and calmly in their place ; so virtue in ambition 
 is violent, in authority settled and calm. Bacon. 
 
 His curled'brows 
 Frown 00 the gentle ttream, which calmJu flows. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. Without passions ; quietly. 
 
 The nymph did like the scene appeu, 
 Serenely pleasant, calmly fair ; 
 Soft fell her words, as flew the air. Pricr. 
 
 Ca'lmness. n. *. [from calm.] 
 
 1 . Tranquillity ; serenity ; not storminess. 
 
 While the steep horrid roughness of the wood 
 Strives with the gentle calmneu of the flood. 
 
 Dcnham. 
 
 2. Mildness ; freedom from passion. 
 
 Sir, 'lis fit 
 You have strong party, or defend yoiuself 
 By calmness, or by absence: all's in anger.S?iaf;^. 
 
 I beg the grace. 
 You would lay by those terrours of your face ; 
 Till calmness to your eyes you first restore ; 
 I am afraid, antl 1 can beg no more. Dryden. 
 
 Ca'lmy. adj. [from calm.] Calm I peace- 
 ful. Not used, 
 
 253
 
 C A L 
 
 And now tlicy nigh «pproarlied to tlie stcd. 
 Where as those nicrraaides dwelt : it was a stdl 
 And calmii bay, on one side sheltered 
 With the'broad shadow of an hoary hdl.i-iiirv y. 
 Ca'lomel. n. s. [calomelas, a cliyniical 
 •word.] Mercury six times sublimed. 
 
 He repeated lenient purgatives, with calomel, 
 once in three or four days. iiucmun's Surgery. 
 Calori'fick. adj. [calurijicus, Lat.] 
 That which has the quahty of produc- 
 ing heat ; heating. 
 
 Acdorijich principle is either excited within tlie 
 heated body, or transferred to it, through any 
 medium, for some other. Silver will grow hotter 
 than the liipior it contains. Grew. 
 
 CALOTTE, w. s. [French.l 
 
 1. A cap or coif, worn as an ecclesiasti- 
 cal ornament in France. 
 
 2. [In architecture.] A round cavity or 
 depressure, in form of a cap or cup, 
 lathed and plaistered, used to diminish 
 the rise or elevation of a chapel, cabinet, 
 alcove, &c. Harris. 
 
 CALO'VERS. n. s. [ku^.^.] Monks of 
 the Greek church. 
 Temperate as caloqers in their secret cells. 
 
 Madden on Boultei 
 Ca'ltrops. n. s. [cokpacppe, Saxon.] 
 
 1. An instrument made with three spikes, 
 so that which way soever it falls to the 
 ground, one of them points upright, to 
 ■wound horses feet. 
 
 The gromnd about was thick sown with caltrops, 
 
 which very much incommoded the shoeless Moors. 
 
 Dr. Aitdismi's Account of Tangiers. 
 
 2. A plant common in France, Spain, and 
 Italy, where it grows among corn, and 
 is very troublesome ; for the fruit being 
 armed with strong prickles, run into the 
 feet of the cattle. This is certainly the 
 plant mentioned in Virgil's Georgicks, 
 unde;- the name of iribulus. Miller. 
 
 To Calve, v. n. [from ctilf.] 
 
 1. To bring a calf: spoken of a cow. 
 
 \\ lien she's calv'd then set the dam aside, _ 
 And for tlie tender progeny provide. Dri/aen. 
 
 2. It is used metaphorically for any act of 
 bringing forth: and sometimes of men, 
 by way of reproach. 
 
 I w ould they were barbarians, as they are. 
 Though in Rome litter'd ; no Romans, as they 
 
 arc not, • i n , 
 
 Thoneh calved in the porch o th capital. Shakcsfi 
 
 The grassy cloda now calv'd ; now half apjiear d 
 The tawny lion, pawing to get'free 
 His hinder parts. Udum. 
 
 Calves-snuot, [antirrhinum.] A plant. 
 
 Snapdragon. 
 CALVILLE. n. s. [Fr.] A sort of apple. 
 To Calu mniate. v. n. [calumnior, Lat.] 
 
 To accuse falsely; to charge without 
 
 just ground. 
 
 Beauty, wit, high birth, desert in service. 
 Love, fr'iendship, charity, are subject all 
 To envious and cahanmatin^ time. Shakcfp. 
 
 He mixes truth with ftdsehood, and has not for- 
 gotten tlie rule of calumniating slrongly.that some- 
 thing may remain. Urjiden's Fables, frej. 
 
 Do I c'alumntate ? thou ungrateful \ aiioc— 
 Perfidious prince '.—Is it a calumny 
 To say that Gwendolen, betrotb'd to \ ver. 
 Was by her father first assur'd to Valens? A. Philip. 
 To Calij'mn I ATE. v.n. To slander. 
 
 One trade or art, even those that should be the 
 most liberal, make it their business to disdam and 
 calumniate another. bprutt. 
 
 Calumnia'tiun. 71. s. [rrom calummatel 
 That which we call calumniafiun, is a 
 
 CAM 
 
 malicious and false representation of an 
 
 enemy's words or actions, to an offensive 
 
 purpose. Ai/liffe. 
 
 Calumniator, n. s. [from calumniate.] 
 
 A forger of accusation ; a slanderer. 
 
 He that would live clear of the envy and liatred 
 
 of potent calumniators, must lay his finder upon 
 
 his mouth, and keep his hand out of the ink-pot. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 At the same time that \"irgll was celebrated by 
 
 Gallus, we know that Bavius and MiEvnis were 
 
 his declared foes and ciiiiimniiiforj. Addison, 
 
 Calu'mnious. firf/. [from calumni/.] 
 Slanderous; falsely reproachful. 
 
 Virtue itself 'scayies not ra/iimmmis strokes.S/ui/t. 
 With calumnions art 
 Of counterfeited truth, thus held their ears. Mi/dm 
 
 CALUMNY, n. s. [calumnia, Lat.] Slan- 
 der; false charge; groundless accusation: 
 with ao-aintit, or sometimes upon, before 
 the person accused. 
 
 Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow. 
 Thou shalt not escape calumny. Shuhesp. 
 
 It is a very hard culumni/ upon our soil or cli- 
 mate, to affirm, that so excellent a fruit will not 
 grow here. Temple. 
 
 CALX. n.s. [Latin.] Any thing that is ren- 
 dered reducible to powder by burning. 
 
 Gold, that is more dense than lead, resists pe- 
 remptorily all the dividing power of fire ; and 
 will not tie reduced into a calx, or lime, by such 
 operation as reduces lead into it. i^tgh- 
 
 Ca'lycle. n. s. [cali/culus, Lat]Asmall 
 bud of a plant. Diet. 
 
 Cama'ieu. n.s. [from camachuia ; which 
 name is given by the orientals to the 
 onyx, when, in prepai-ing it, they find 
 another colour.] 
 
 1. A stone with various figures and repre- 
 sentations of landskips,formed by nature 
 
 2. [In painting.] A teriin-used when there 
 is only one colour, and where the lights 
 and shadows are of gold, wrought on a 
 golden or azure ground. This kind of 
 work is chiefly used to represent basso 
 relievos. Chambers. 
 
 Ca'mber. n. «. [See Cambering.] A 
 term among workmen. 
 
 Camber, a piece of timber cut arching, so as a 
 weight considerable being set upon it, it may in 
 length of time be induced to a straight. 
 
 Moion's Mechanical Eiercises. 
 
 Ca'mberiNG. n. s. A word mentioned 
 by Skinntr, as peculiar to ship-builders, 
 who say that a place is cambering, when 
 they mean arched, [from ckamhre, Fr.] 
 Ca'm BRICK, n. s. [from Cambray, a city 
 in Flanders where it was principally 
 made.] A kind of fine linen, used for 
 ruffles, women's sleeves, and caps. 
 
 He hath ribbons of all the colours of the rain- 
 bow ■ inkles, caddises, camhricks, and lawns. A'/iuA:. 
 Rebecca had, by the use of a looking glass, and 
 1 y the furllier use of a certain attire, made of com- 
 brick, upon her head, attained to an evil att.Tatler. 
 Coufed'rate in the cheat, they draw the throng, 
 And cambrick handkerchiefs reward the iong.Oay. 
 Came. The preterite of To come. 
 
 Till all the pack came up, and ev'ry hound 
 Tore the sad huntsman, grov'ling on the ground. 
 
 Addtson. 
 
 Ca'mel. n.s.[camelus,Ls.t.] An animal 
 very common in Arabia, Judea, and the 
 neighbouring coimtries. The one sort 
 is large, and full of flesh, and fit to carry 
 burdens of a thousand pounds weight, 
 having one bunch upon its back. The 
 
 CAM 
 
 other have two bunches upon their backs, 
 like a natiiral saddle, and are fit either 
 for burdens, or men to ride on. A third 
 kind is leaner, and of a smaller size, 
 called dromedaries, because of their 
 swiftness ; which are generally used for 
 riding by men of quality. 
 
 Carnels have large solid feet, but not hard. Ctr- 
 mcls will continue ten or twelve days without eat- 
 ing or drinking, and keep water a long time in 
 their stomach, lor their refreshment. Calmet. 
 
 Patient of thirst and toil, 
 Son of the desart ! even the camel teels, 
 .Shot through his wither'd heart, the fiery blast. 
 
 Thomsim, 
 
 Came'lopard. 72. s. [from camelns and 
 pardus, Lat.] An Abyssinian animal, 
 taller than an elephant, but not so thick. 
 He is so named,becausehehasaiieck and 
 head like a camel ; he is spotted like a 
 pard, but his spots are white upon a red 
 ground. The Italians call him ^iarussa. 
 
 Trevoux. 
 
 Ca'MELOT. ) |.f^.^„^ ^^,„^^_j 
 
 Ca.mlet. / '• 
 
 1. .\ kind of stuff' originally made by a 
 mixture of silk and camels hair ; it is 
 now made with wool and silk. 
 
 This habit was not of camels skin, nor any 
 coarse texture of its hair, but rather some finer 
 weave oicamelot, grograin, or the like ; inasmuch 
 as these stull's are supposed to be made of the 
 liair of that animal. Browns Vulg. Errours. 
 
 2. Hair cloth. 
 
 Weantime Uie pastor shears their hoary beards. 
 And eases of their hair the loaden herds : 
 Their camelots warm in tents the soldier hohl, 
 And shield the shiv'ring mariner from cold.Dryd. 
 
 CAMERA OBSCURA. [Latin.] An 
 optical machine used in a darkened 
 chamber, so that tiie light coming only 
 through a double convex glass, objects 
 exposed to daylight, and opposite to 
 the glass, are represented inverted upon 
 any white matter placed in the focus of 
 the glass. Martin. 
 
 Ca'merade. n «. [from cawcra a cham- 
 ber, Lat.] One that lodges in the same 
 chamber; a bosom companion. By cor- 
 ruption we now use comrade. 
 
 Camerades with him, and confederates in his 
 design. Kymer. 
 
 Ca'merated. adj. \cameratus, Lat.] 
 Arched; roofed slopewise. 
 
 Camera'tion. n. s. [cameratio, Lat] 
 A vaulting or arching. 
 
 Camisa'do. n. s. [camisa, a shirt, Ital. 
 cninisiiim, low Lat.] An attack made 
 by soldiers in the dark ; on which oc- 
 casion they put their shirts outward, to 
 be seen by each other. 
 
 Thev had appointed the same night, whose 
 darkness would have encreased the fear, to have 
 given a camisado upon the English. Hayu'ard. 
 
 Ca'misated. adj. [from camisa a shirt.] 
 Dressed with the shirt outward. 
 
 Ca'mlet. See Camelot. 
 
 He had on him a gown with wide sleeves, oT a 
 kind of water camlet, of an excellent azure co- 
 lour. -S"^™- 
 Ca'mmock. n. s. [caramoC; Sax. ononis.] 
 An heri) ; the same with petti/ whin, 
 or rcitbarroiv. 
 Ca'momile. n, s. \anthemis.] A flower. 
 
 254
 
 CAM 
 
 Camo'ys. adj. [camus, Fr.] Flat ; level ; 
 depressed. It is only used of the nose. 
 
 Alniiy Spanicirds, of tiic race of Barbary Aloors, 
 thougirafter frequent conimiiturc, have not worn 
 out the cu?m>j;5 nose unto this day. Brmt-n'sT'^Jt/^.L'rr. 
 
 CARIP. n. s. [camp, Fr. camp Sax. from 
 campus, Lat.] The order of tents, 
 placed by armies when they keep the 
 field. We use the phrase to pitch a 
 camp, to en-camp. 
 
 From camp to camp, through the foul womb of 
 night, 
 Tlie hum of eitlierarmy stilly sounds. Shnkesp, 
 
 Next, to secure our ram^ and naval powVs, 
 Raise an embattled wall with lofty tow'rs. Pope. 
 
 To Camp. i'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To encamp; to lodge in tents, for 
 any hostile purpose. 
 
 Had our <;rt?at palace the capacity 
 To camp this host, we would all sup together.S/mfc. 
 
 2. To camp ; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents. 
 Camp-fight, n. s. An old word for 
 
 combat. 
 
 For their trial hy camp-fight, tlie accuser was, 
 with the peril o( his own body, to prove the an 
 cuscd guilty ; and, by oiVeriiig him his glove or 
 gantlet, to challenge him to this trial. BakcwUL 
 
 Campa'ign. \7t. s. [campaigjie, Fr. 
 CAMP A NIA . J Campania, Ital.] 
 
 1. A large, open, level tract of ground, 
 without hills. 
 
 In couniries thinly inhabited, and especially in 
 v&5t campanias, there are few cities, besides what 
 grow by the residence of kings. Tcmplt. 
 
 Tiiose grateful groves that s^iade the plain, 
 "Where Tiber rolls majestic to the main, 
 And fattens, as lie runs, the fair campaign. Garth. 
 
 2. The time lor which any army keeps the 
 field, without entering into quarters. 
 
 I'his might have hastened his inarch, which 
 would have made a fair conclusion of the campaign . 
 
 C tarciidon. 
 An Iliad rising out of one campaign. Addison. 
 
 Campa'niform. adj. \oi campana a bell, 
 a.nA forma, Lat.] A terni used of flow- 
 ers, which are in the shape of a bell. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Campa'nulate. adj. The same with 
 campaniform. 
 
 Campe'stral. adj. [campestris, Lat.] 
 Growing in fields. 
 
 The mountain beech is tlie whitest ; but the 
 campestral, or wild beech, is blacker and more 
 durable. Mortimer. 
 
 Ca'mphire. n. s. A kind of resin pro- 
 duced by a chymical process from the 
 camphire tree 
 
 Cam'phire tree. n. s. [campkora, Lat.] 
 
 _ There are two sorts of this tree ; one is a na- 
 tive of the isle of Borneo, from which the best 
 camphire is taken, which is supposed to be a na- 
 tural exudation from the tree, produced in such 
 places where the bark of the tree has been wound- 
 ed or cut. The other sort is a native of .Tapan, 
 which Dr. Kompfer describes to be a kind of bay, 
 bearing black or purple berries, from whence the 
 inliabitants prepare their camphire, by making a 
 simple decoction of the root and wood of this 
 tree, cut into small pieces ; but this sort of cam- 
 phire is, in value, eighty or an hundred times less 
 than the true Borncan camphire. Milter. 
 
 It is oftcner used for the gum of this tree. 
 
 Ca'mphorate. ad/, [from camphora, 
 Lat.] Impregnated with camphire. 
 
 By shaking the saline cam;i/ii>ra(c liquors toge- 
 ther, we easily confounded llicm into one liiah- 
 coloured liquor. Boyle. 
 
 Ca'mpion. n. s. [lychnis, Lat.] A plant. 
 Ca'mus. n. s. [probably iroia camisa, Lat.] 
 
 CAN 
 
 A thin dress mentioned by Spenser'. 
 
 And was yclad, for lieat or scorching air, 
 All in silkin camus, lilty white, 
 Purflcd upon with many a folded plight. Fairy Q. 
 
 Can. n. s. [canne. Sax.] A cup ; gene- 
 rally a cup made of metal, or some 
 other matter than earth. 
 J hate it asan unliird can. Shake.tp. 
 
 One tree, the coco, aliurdeth stuff fur Iiousiiig 
 clothing, slii[)ping, meat, drink and can. Grew. 
 
 His empty can, with ears half worn way. 
 Was hung on high, to boast the triumph of the 
 day. Drydeu. 
 
 To Can. v. n. [konnen, Dutch. It is 
 sometimes, though rarely, used alone ; 
 but is ill constant use as an expression 
 of the potential mood ; as, I ca7i do, 
 thou can.'^t do, I could do, thou couldst 
 do. It has no other terminations.] 
 
 1 . To be able ; to have power. 
 
 In place there is licence to do good and evil, 
 whereof the latter is a curse; for, in evil, the 
 best condition is not to will ; the second, not to 
 can. Bacon 
 
 0, there's the wonder ! 
 Mcca^nas and Agrippa, who can most 
 With Cajsar, are Ins foes. Dryden 
 
 He can away with no company, whose discourse 
 goes beyond what claret and dissoluteness inspire . 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. It expresses the potential mood; as, 1 
 can do it. 
 
 If she can make rae blest ! she only can: 
 Einj)ire and wealth, and all she brings beside. 
 Are but the train and trappings of her love. Dryri. 
 
 3. It is distinguished from inaj/, as power 
 from permission ; I can do it, it is in my 
 power ; 1 mar/ do it, it is allowed me : 
 but in poetry they are confounded, 
 
 4. Can is used of the person with the vei'b 
 active, where mai/ is used of the thing, 
 with the verb passive ; as, I can do it, 
 it mat/ or can be done. 
 
 CANAILLE, n. s. [French.] The lowest 
 people ; the dregs ; the lees ; the off- 
 scouring of the people: a French term 
 of reproach. 
 
 Cana'l. n. s. [canalis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A bason of water in a garden. 
 
 The walks and long canals reply. Pope. 
 
 2. Any tract or course of water made b}' 
 art, as the canals in Holland. 
 
 3. [In anatomy.] A conduit or passage 
 through which any of the juices of the 
 body flow. 
 
 Ca'nal-coal. n. s, A fine kind of coal, 
 dug up in England. 
 
 Even our canat-coal nearly equals the foreign 
 jet. M\xidu'ard. 
 
 Canali'culated. adj. [from canalicu- 
 latus, Lat.] Channelled ; made like a 
 pipe or gutter. Diet. 
 
 Cana'ry. n. s. [from the Canary islands.] 
 
 1 . Wine brought from the Canaries, now 
 called sack. 
 
 I will to my honest knight Falstaff. and drink 
 
 canary with liiiii. 1 think I shall drink in pipe 
 
 wine iirsl w ith him ; I'll uuike liim dance. ShaJi. 
 
 2. An old dance. 
 
 To Cana'ry. v. n. A cant word, which 
 seems to signify to dance; to frolick. 
 
 iSIaster, will you win your love with a French 
 brawl ? — How mean'st Ui'on, brawling in French r 
 —No, my compleat master ; but to jigg off a tune 
 at the tongue's end, canary to it witli your feet, 
 liumour it with turning up jour eyelids. Skakesp, 
 
 CAN 
 
 Cana'ry bird. An excellent singing 
 bird, formerly bred in the Canaries, and 
 no where else ; but no\v bred in several 
 parts of Europe, particularly Germany. 
 
 Of singing birds, lliey have linnets, goldfinches, 
 ruddocks, canary birds, blackbirds, thrushes, aul 
 divers others. t'areu:. 
 
 1 CA'NCEL. V. a. [canceller. Fr.] from 
 cancellis nolare, to mark with cross 
 lines.] 
 
 1. To cross a writings 
 
 2. To efface ; to obliterate in general. 
 
 Now welc^)me night, thou night so long 
 expected. 
 That long day's labour dotii at last defray. 
 And all my cares which cruel h)ve collected 
 Has suinm'd in one. and rancf/ff^i for aye. irperucr 
 
 Know then, I here forget all former griefs. 
 Cancel all grudge ; repeal thee home again. Shak. 
 
 Thou, whom avenging pow'rs obey. 
 Cancel my debt, too great to pay. 
 Before the sad accounting day. Hosconwuni, 
 
 I pass the bills, my lords. 
 For cancelling jour debts. Soulherne. 
 
 Ca'ncellated. part, adj. [from cancel.] 
 Crossbarred; marked with lines cross- 
 ing each other. 
 
 The tail of the castor is almost bald, though the 
 beast is very hairy ; and cancellated, w ith some 
 resemblance to the scales of fishes. Greu: 
 
 Cancella'tion. n. s. [from cancel.] 
 According to Bartolus, is an expunging 
 or wiping out of the contents of an in- 
 strument, by two lines drawn in the 
 manner of a cross. Ali/liffe. 
 
 CA'NCER. n. s, [cajicer, Lat.] 
 
 1. ACrabfish. 
 
 2. The sign of the summer solstice. 
 
 W hen now no more th' alternate Twins are fir'd. 
 And Cancer reddens with the solar blaze, 
 Short is the doubtful empire of the night. Thonu. 
 
 3. A virulent swelling, or sore, not to be 
 cured. 
 
 Any of these three may degenerate into a schir- 
 rus, and that scbirrus into a cancer. Wisimgn. 
 
 As when a cancer on the body feeds, 
 And gradual death from limb to limb proceeds ; 
 So does the chilness to each vital part 
 Spread by degress, and creeps into tite heart. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To Ca'ncerate. v. n. [from canrn-.] 
 To grow cancerous ; to become a cancer. 
 
 But striking his fist upon the point of a nail 
 in the wall, his hand cancerated, he fell into a fever, 
 and soon after died on't. JL'Estrange. 
 
 Cancer a'tion. n. s. [from cancel ate.] 
 A growing cancerous. 
 
 CA'NCEROUS.arf;. [from cancer.] Ha^nng 
 the virulence and qualities of a ainccr. 
 How they are to be treated when they are stru- 
 mous, sclnrrous, or faiiccroiij, you niav see i:i 
 tlieir proper places. U'iscman. 
 
 C.v'ncerousness. n. s. [from cancerous.] 
 The state of being cancerous. 
 
 Ca'ncrine. adj. [from cancer.] Having 
 the qualities of a crab. 
 
 Ca'ndent. adj. [candcns, Lat.] Hot; 
 in the highest degree of heat, next to 
 fusion. 
 
 If a wire be heated only at one end, according 
 as that end is cooled upward or downward, it re- 
 spectively acquires a verticity, as we have de- 
 clared inVires totally candtiit. Broicn. 
 
 C Xk D]C A'ST.adj .[candicans, Lat.] Grow- 
 ing white ; whitish. Diet. 
 CANDID, adj. [candidus, Lat.] 
 1. White. This sense is very rare. 
 
 265
 
 CAN 
 
 The box receives all back ; but, pour'd from 
 tlience, 
 The stones came candid fortb, the hue of inno- 
 cence. Drydei) 
 
 2. Free from malice; not desirous to find 
 fault; fair; open; ingenuous. 
 
 The impurt of the discourse will, for the most 
 part, if tht're he no designed fallacy, sufficiently 
 lead ca7}did and intelligent readers into the true 
 meaning of it. Locke. 
 
 A Crtmfif/ judge will read each piece of wit, 
 With the same spirit lliat its author writ. Pope. 
 
 Ca'ndidate, n,s. [caiididatvSj Lai.] 
 
 1. A competitor; one that solicits, or pro- 
 poses himself for, something of advance- 
 ment. 
 
 So many candidates there stand for wit, 
 A place at' court is scarce so hard to gci. Anonymous 
 
 One would be surprised to see so many candi- 
 dates for gloiy. Addison. 
 
 2. It has generally for before the thing 
 sought. 
 
 What could thus high thy rash ambition raise? 
 Art thou, fond youth, acandidatcjlfr prahe? Pope. 
 
 3. Sometimes of. 
 
 Thy first-fruits of poesy were gir'n 
 To make thyself a welcome inmate there, 
 \Vhileyet a'younc probationer. 
 And candidate of' heav'n. Drijden. 
 
 Ca'ndidly, adv, [t\om candid.] Fa.\r]y ; 
 without trick ; "without malice ; inge- 
 nuously. 
 
 ^Xe have often desired they would deal candidlij 
 with us ; for if the matter stuck only there, we 
 would propose tliat every one sliuuld swear, that 
 is a member of the church of Ireland. Saiji. 
 
 Ca'ndidness. n. s, [from candid.] In- 
 genuity; openness of temper; purity 
 of mind. 
 
 It presently sees the guilt of a sinful action ; 
 and, on the other side, ohserves \he cajididness of 
 a man's very principles, and the sincerity of his 
 intentions. South. 
 
 ToCa'ndify. v. a. [cajidifico, LaX,] To 
 make white ; to whiten. Diet. 
 
 CA'NDLE. n. s. [candela, Lat.] 
 
 1. A light made of wax or tallow, sur- 
 rounding a wick of flax or cotton. 
 
 Here burns my candle out, ay, here it dies, 
 Which, while it"iasted, gave king Henry light. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 We see the wax candles last longer tlian tallow 
 candles, because wax is more firm and hard. 
 
 Bacon's Kat. hist. 
 
 Take a child, and, setting a Cflnrf/e before him, 
 you shall fnid his pupil to contract very much, to 
 exclude the light, with the brightness whereof it 
 would otherwTse be dazzled. ^y- 
 
 2. Light, or luminary. 
 
 By these bless'd candles of the night. 
 Had you been there, 1 think you would have 
 
 begg'd 
 The ring of me, to give the worthy doctor. Shak. 
 
 Ca'ndleberry TREE. See Sweet- 
 willow ; of which it is a species, 
 
 Ca'ndleholder. n. s. [from candle and 
 hold.] 
 
 1. He that holds the candle. 
 
 2. He that remotely assists. 
 
 Let wantons, light of heart, 
 Tickiethe senseless rushes with their heels; 
 For I am proverb'd with a grandsire phrase, 
 To be a candleholder, and look on. %akesp^ 
 
 Ca'ndleligkt. w. s. [from candle and 
 
 light.] 
 
 1. The light of a candle. 
 
 In darkness candlelight may serve to guide men's 
 steps, wliich to use in the day, were madness. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 CAN 
 
 Before the da}' whs done, her work she sped, 
 And never went by candlelight to bed, Dryil. Fab. 
 
 The bi'ding owl 
 Steals from her private cell by night, 
 And flies about the canilkiigfit. Swift. 
 
 Such as are adapted to meals, will indiflferenily 
 serve for dinners or suppers, only distinguishing 
 between daylight and cinidttligtit. Suitt, 
 
 2. The necessary cantlles for use. 
 
 I shall find him coals and candlelight. 
 
 Ahlluieui to Lfcke. 
 
 Candlemass, n. s. [from candle wnA 
 mass^ The feast of the Purilication of 
 the Blessed \irgin, ^vliich was fonnerly 
 celebrated wiih many lights in chia-ches. 
 
 The harvest dirniers are held by every wealthy 
 man, or, as we term it, by every good liver, be- 
 tween ]\lichaernas and Candlemas. 
 
 Carews Snrvev ef Cornu-all. 
 
 TTiere is ft general tradition in most parts of 
 Europe, that njferreth the coldness of the suc- 
 ceeding winter, upon shining of the sun upon 
 Candlemas day. Brinm's Vulg. En\ 
 
 Come Candteman nine ye.irs ago she died. 
 And now lies bury'd by "the yew-tree side. Gay. 
 Ca'ndlestick. n. s. [from candle and 
 stick.] The instrument that holds candles 
 
 The horseman sit like fixetl candlesticks, 
 With torch-staves in their hands; and their poor 
 
 jades 
 Loh down their heads. .Shakesp. 
 
 l^pse countries were once christian, and mem- 
 bers of the church, and where the golden candle* 
 sticks did stand. Bacon. 
 
 I know a friend, who has converted the essays 
 of a man of quality into a kind of fringe for Iii« 
 candleslii'ks. Addison. 
 
 Ca'ndlestuff. n. s. [from candle and 
 
 stuff.] Any thing of which candles 
 
 may be made ; kitchen-stuff; grease; 
 
 tallow. 
 
 By the iieip of oil, and wax, and other candle- 
 stuff, the flame may continue, and the wick not 
 burn. hacon. 
 
 Candlewa'ster. n. s. [from candle and 
 
 ivaste.] One that consumes candles; a 
 
 spendthrift. 
 
 Patch grief with proverbs, make misfortune 
 drunk 
 With candlewasten. Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'ndock. n. s. a weed that grows in 
 rivers. 
 
 Let the pond lie dry six or twelve months, both 
 to kill the water-weeds, as water-lilies, candocks, 
 reate, and bullrusiies ; and also, that as these die 
 fur want of water, so grass may grow on the 
 pond's bottom. Walton. 
 
 Ca'ndour. n.s. [candor, Ijat] Sweet- 
 ness of temper ; purity of mind ; open- 
 ness; ingenuity; kindness. 
 
 He should have so much of a natural candour 
 and sweetness, mixed with all the improvement 
 of learning, as might convey knowledge with a 
 sort of gentle insinuation. II alts. 
 
 To Ca'ndy. !'. a. [probably from candare, 
 a word used in later times for to whiten.] 
 1. To conserve with sugar, in such a man- 
 ner as that the sugar lies in flakes, or 
 breaks into spangles. 
 
 Should the poor he flatter'd ? 
 No, let the candy'd tongue lick absurd pomp, 
 And crtiok the pregnant hinges of the knee. 
 Where thrift may ic'llow fawning. Shakesp. 
 
 They have in'Turkey confections like to candied 
 conserves, m.ide of sugar and lemon, or sugar 
 and citrons, or sugar and violets, and some other 
 flowers, and mixture of amber. Bacon. 
 
 With candy'd plantanes, and the juicy pine. 
 On choicest iuelont and sweet grapes they dine. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 CAN 
 
 2. To form into congelations. 
 
 Will the cold brook. 
 Candied with ice, cawdle thy morning toast. 
 To cure thy o'er-night's surleit ? Shakesp. 
 
 3. To incrust with congelations. 
 
 Since when those frosts that winter bring.% 
 
 Wliicii cand\t every green, 
 Renew us like the teeming springs. 
 
 And we thus fresh are seen. Drayton. 
 
 To Ca NDY. v. n. To grow congealed. 
 Ca'ndy Lion's foot, [catanance, Lat.] 
 A plant. Miller. 
 
 CAIs'E. n. s. [canna, Lat.] 
 
 1. A kind of strong reed, of which walk- 
 ing staff's are made; a walking staff". 
 
 Shall 1 to please another wine sprung mind 
 Lose all mine own ; God hath given me a mea- 
 sure 
 Short of his cane and body : must I find 
 A jiain in tliat wherein he finds a pleasure. 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 The king thrust the captain from him with bis 
 cane ; whereupon he took his leave, and went 
 home. Harvey. 
 
 If the poker be out of the way, or brokefi, 
 stir the fire with your master's cane. Swift, 
 
 2. The plant which yields the sugar. 
 
 This cane or reed grows plentifully both in the 
 East and West Indies. Other reeds have their 
 skin hard and dry, and their pulp void of juice ; 
 but (he skin of the sugar cane is soft. It usually 
 grows fiiur or five feet high, and about lialf an 
 inch in dianietn". Tlie stem or stalk is divided 
 by knots a foot and a half apart. At the top it 
 puts forth long green tufted leaves, from the mid- 
 dle of which arise the flower and the seed. They 
 usually plant them in pieces a foot and a half 
 bclow'the top of the flower ; and they are ordi- 
 narily rijje in len ntonths, at which time they arc 
 found quite full of a white succulent marrow, 
 whence is expressed the liquor of which sugar is 
 made. Chambers. 
 
 And the sweet liquor on the cane bestow. 
 From which prepar d the luscious sugars llow. 
 
 Blackmare. 
 
 3. A lance ; a dart made of cane : whence 
 
 the Spanish inego de cannas. 
 
 Abenamar, thy youth these sports has known. 
 Of which thy age is ikjw spectator grown ; 
 Judge-like thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign 
 The tlying skirmish of the darted cane. Dryden. 
 
 4. A reed. 
 
 Food may be afforded to bees, by small canes 
 or troughs conveyed into their hives. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To Cane. v. a. [from the noun.] To beat 
 with a walking stick. 
 
 Cani'cular, adj. [canicularis, Lat.] 
 Belonging to the dog-star ; as cancular, 
 or doo- days. 
 
 In regard to different latitudes, unto some the 
 canicular days are in the winter, as unto such as 
 are under the equinoctial line ; for unto them the 
 dog-star ariseth, when the sun is about the tropick 
 of Cancer, which season unto them is winter. 
 
 Brou-n's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Ca'nine. adj. [caninus. Lat.] 
 
 1 . Having the properties of a dog. 
 
 A kind of women are made up of canine parti- 
 cles; these are scolds, who imitate the animals 
 out of which they were taken, always busy and 
 barking, and snsirl at every one that conies in 
 ihcir way. Addison. 
 
 2. Canine hunger, in medicine, is an ap- 
 petite which cannot be satisfied. 
 
 It may occasion an e.xnrbitant appetite of usual 
 things, which they will take in such quantities, 
 till they vomit tliem up like dogs ; from whence it 
 is calle'd canine. Arlmthnot. 
 
 256
 
 CAN 
 
 [canisirum, Lat.] 
 
 . Dryd. 
 
 thing, 
 
 Canister, n. s. 
 
 1. A small basket. 
 
 White lilies in full canisters thev bring, 
 With all the glories of the purple spring 
 
 2. A small vessel in which any 
 such as tea or coffee, is laid up. 
 
 CANKER, n.s. [cancer, Lat.] It seems 
 to have the same meaning and origi- 
 nal with cancir, but to be accidentally 
 written with a A", when it denotes bad 
 qualities in a less degree; or canker 
 might come from chancre, Fr. and can- 
 cer from the Latin. 
 
 1 . A worm that preys upon and destroys 
 
 fruits. 
 
 And loathful idleness be dotb detest, 
 The canker worm of every gentle breast. Spenser. 
 
 That which the locust hath left, bath the canker 
 worm eaten. Joct, i. 4. 
 
 Yet writers sav, as in the sweetest bud 
 Tlie eating canker dwells : so eating love 
 Inhabits in the finest wits of all. Hhakesp. 
 
 A huthng, shining, tiatt'ring, cringing coward, 
 A canker worm .of peace, wasrais'd above him. 
 
 Ot'say. 
 
 2. A fly that preys upon fruits. 
 There be of flies,' caterpillars, canftei- flies, and 
 
 bear flics. Walton's Angler. 
 
 3. Any thing that corrupts or consumes. 
 It is the canker and ruin of many raen"s estates, 
 
 which, in process of lime, breeds a public poverty. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Sacrilege may prove an eating canker, and a con- 
 suming moth, in the estate that we leave them. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 No longer live the cankers of ray court ; 
 All to your several states witli speed resort ; 
 Waste in wild riot wliat your land allows. 
 There piv the early feast and late carouse. Pope. 
 
 4. A kind of wild worthless rose ; the dog 
 
 rose. 
 
 To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. 
 And plant this thorn, this canker, Bolingbroke. 
 
 .Shakesp. 
 
 Draw a cherry with the leaf, the shaft of a 
 steeple, a single or canker rose. Peacham. 
 
 5. An eating or corroding humour. 
 I am not elad. that such a sore of time 
 
 Should seeK a plaister by a contemn'd revolt. 
 And heal th' inveterate canker of one wound 
 By making many. Shakesp. 
 
 6. Corrosion ; virulence. 
 As with age his body uglier grows. 
 
 So his mind with cankers. Shak£.>p. 
 
 7. A disease in trees. Diet. 
 To Cakker. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To grow corrupt : implying something 
 ve.iomous and malignant. 
 
 That cunning architect of cankered guile. 
 Whom princes late displeasure left in bands, 
 for falsed letters, and suborned wile. Fairy Queen. 
 
 I will lit't the down-trod Mortimer 
 As high i' th' air as this unthankful king. 
 As tbfs ingrate and can)ier'd Bolingbroke. Shak, 
 
 Or what the cross dire looking plane* smite. 
 Or hurtful worm with canker d venom bite. Milt. 
 
 To some new clime, or to thy native sky. 
 Oh friendless and forsaken virtue ! fly : 
 The Indian air is deadly to thee grown ; 
 Deceit and canker'd malice rule tliv throne. Dryd. 
 
 Let envious jealousy and canker d spite 
 Produce ray actions to severest light. 
 And lax my open day or secret night. Prior. 
 
 2. To decay by some corrosive or destruc- 
 tive principle. 
 
 Silvering will sully and canker more than gild- 
 ing ; which, if it might be corrected with a Rttle 
 mixture of gold, will be profitable. Bacon. 
 
 To Canker, r. a. 
 1 . To corrupt ; to corrode, 
 Voi. J. 
 
 CAN 
 
 Restore to God his due in lithe and time : 
 A tiihepurluiii'dcaii/ifrstbe whole estate. //erleit. 
 , To infecl ; to pollute. 
 
 An honest man will enjoy himself better in a 
 moderate fortune, that is ga'ined with honour and 
 reputation, than in an overgrown estate, that is 
 cankered with the acquisitions of rapine and ex- 
 action. .Iddison. 
 
 Ca'nkeRBIT. ■partkip. arlj. [from c<in- 
 
 kir and hit.'] Bitten with an envenomed 
 
 tooth. 
 
 Know, thy name is lost, 
 By treason's tooth baregnawn and cankerhit Shak. 
 
 Ca'nnabine. adj. " [cantiabinus, Lat.] 
 Hempen. Diet 
 
 Ca'nnibal. n.s. An anthropophagite ; 
 a man-eater. 
 
 T)ie cannibab themselves eat no man's flesh of 
 those that die of themselves, but of such as are 
 slain. , Bacon. 
 
 Thcv were little better than cannibals, who do 
 hunt o"ne another; and he that hatli most strength 
 and swiftness, doth eat and devour all his fellows. 
 Da vies on Ireland. 
 It was mv hint to speak 
 Of the cannibals that each other eat ; 
 The anthropophagi. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie captive cannibal, opprest with cliains, 
 Yet braves bis foes, reviles, provokes, disdains ; 
 Of nature fierce, untamcable, and proud. 
 He bids defiance to the gaping crowd ; 
 And spent at last, and speechfess, as he lies. 
 With fierv gl.nices mocks their rage, and dies. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 If an eleventh commandment had been given. 
 Thou shah not eat human flesh ; would not these 
 ran niiais have esteemed it more diflicult than all 
 the rest. Bentleu. 
 
 Ca'nnibally. adv. [from cannibal.] 
 In the manner of a cannibal. 
 
 Before Corioli, be scotclit him and notch! him. 
 like a carbonado. — Had be been cannibally given, 
 he might have broiled and eaten him too. Shak. 
 
 Ca'nnippers. n. s. [corrupted from 
 callipers ; which see.] 
 
 The square is taken by a pair of catinipers, or 
 two rulers, clapped to the side of a tree, measuring 
 the distance between ihem. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 CA'NNON. n. s. [cannon, Fr. from can- 
 na, Lat. a pipe, meaning a large tube.] 
 
 1. A great gun for battery. 
 
 2. A gun larger than can be managed bv' 
 the hand. They are of so many sizes 
 that they decrease in the bore from a 
 ball of forty-eight pounds to a ball of 
 five ounces. 
 
 As cannons overchar^'d with double cracks. 
 So they redoubled stroVes upon the foe. Shakesp. 
 
 He had left all the cannon he had taken ; and 
 now he sent all his great cu>i7«m to a garrison. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The making, or price, of these gunpowder in- 
 ■ strumeins, is extremely expensive, as may be easily 
 judged by the weight of their materials; a whole 
 CflHnonwcighing commonly eight thousand pounds; 
 a half ra/inon, five thousand ; a culvcrin, four thou- 
 sand five hundred ; a denii-cuiverin, three thou- 
 sand ; which, whether it be in iron or brass, must 
 needs be very costly. WUkins. 
 
 Cannon-ball, ") n. s. [from cannon, 
 Cannon-bullet, > hall, hullct, and 
 Cannon-shot. J shot.] The balls 
 which are shot from great guns. 
 
 He reckons those for wounds that are made by 
 bullets, although it be a cannon-shot. 
 
 Wiseman^s Sitr^ery. 
 
 Let a cannon-bullet pass through a room, it must 
 
 strike successively the two sidesof the room. L<x'/.e. 
 
 To Cannonade, r. n. [from fa;i«on.] 
 To pla)' the great guns ; to batter or 
 attack with great guns. 
 
 CAN 
 
 Both armies eannimaded all the ensoing day. 
 
 Taller. 
 
 To Cannonade, r. a. To fire upon 
 
 with cannon. 
 Cannon'ier. n. s. [from cannon.] The 
 engineer that manages the cannon. 
 
 Give me the cup ; 
 And let the kettle to the trumpets speak. 
 The trumpets to the cannonier without. 
 The cannons to the heav'ns, the heav'ns to earth. 
 
 SItakap. 
 A third was a most excellent eannmder, who»e 
 
 food skill did much endamage ll.e forces of the 
 ing. Ha\pixTd. 
 
 Ca'nnot. a word compounded of fan 
 and not : noting inabihty. 
 
 I cannot but believe many a child can tell twen- 
 ty, long before he has any idea of infinity at all. 
 
 Locke. 
 Cano'A ,\n.s. .\ boat made bv cutting 
 Canoe'. J the trunk of a tree into a 
 hollow vessel. 
 
 Others made rafu of wood ; others devised the 
 boat of one tree, called theraiwo, which the Gauli 
 upon the Rhone, used in assisting the transporta- 
 tion of Hannibal's army. BaUwh. 
 In a war against Semirarais, they had lour 
 thousand mouoxyla, or canoes of one piece of 
 timber. ArbutknotonCoifa. 
 
 CANON, n. s. [xAiw>.] 
 
 1. A rule ; a law. 
 
 The truth is, they are rules and raiums of that 
 law, which is wriUen in all men's hearts; the 
 church had for ever, no less than now, stood bound 
 to observe ihera, whether the apostle had men- 
 tioned them, or no. Hooker. 
 
 His books are almost the very canon to judge 
 oth doctrine and discipline by. Hooker. 
 
 Religious canons, civil laws, are cruel ; 
 
 Then what should war be ? Shakesp. 
 
 Canons in logick are such as these : every part 
 
 of a division, singly taken, must contain less th«u 
 
 the wliole ; and a definition must be peculiar and 
 
 proper to the thing defined. Uatu. 
 
 I. The laws made by ecclesiastical councils. 
 
 Caiuin law, is that law, wliich is made and or- 
 dained in a general council, or provincial synod, 
 of the church. Aylifft. 
 
 These were looked on as lapsed persons, and 
 great severities of penance were prescribed them 
 by the canons of Ancyra. Stillinglieet. 
 
 i. The books of Holy Scripture : or the 
 
 great rule. 
 
 Caiwn also denotes lliose books of Scriptuie, 
 xvhich are received as hispired and canonical, to 
 distinguish them from either profane, apncryphal 
 or disputed books. Thus we say, that Genesis it 
 part of the sacred canon of the Scripture, -iyl^'e. 
 
 i. A dignitary in cathedral churches. 
 
 For deans and canans, or prebends of cathedral 
 churclies, ijicy were of great use in the church ; 
 they were to be of counsefwith the bi.shop for his 
 revenue, and for his government, in causes eccle- 
 siastical. Bacon. 
 
 Swift much admires the place and air, 
 .And longs to be a canan there. 
 A canon ! that's a place too mean : 
 No, doctor, you shall be a dean ; 
 Two dozen canons round your stall. 
 And you the tyrant o'er them all. Sv^. 
 
 5. ( a'nons Regular. Such as are placed 
 in monasteries. Ayliffe. 
 
 G. Canons Secular. Lay canons, who 
 have been, as a mark of honour, admit- 
 ted into some chapters. 
 
 7. [Among chirurgcons.] An instrument 
 used in sewing up wounds. Diet. 
 
 8. A large sort of printing letter, proba- 
 bly so called from being first used in 
 printing a book of canons ; or perhaps 
 from its size, and therefore properly 
 written cannon. 
 
 LL 257
 
 CAN 
 
 Ca'non bit. n. s. [That part of the 
 bit let into the horse's mouth. 
 
 A goodly person, and could manage fair 
 His stubborn steed \vit!iO(iH(>» bit, 
 \\*b<) vnuler Iiini did tratn[)lc as tlie air. Spcnsey. 
 
 Ca'non ESS. ?i. s. [canonissa, low Lat.] 
 
 Tlicre are, in popish countries, women they call 
 secular canoticssi'S, living after tlie example of se- 
 cular canons. AylUfe. 
 
 Cano'nical. adj. [canonicus, lowJLat.] 
 
 1. Accoiclinfr to the canon. 
 
 2. Constituting the canon. 
 
 Public readings there are of books and writings, 
 not c«Hon(t\/^\\ hereby the church doth also preacli, 
 or openly niake known, the doctrine of virtuous 
 conversa'tion. Hooker. 
 
 No such book was foiuid amongst those raiioii- 
 ical scriptures. Raleigh. 
 
 3. Regular; slated; fixed by ecclesiastical 
 laws. 
 
 Seven times in a day do I praise thee, said 
 David : fiuni this liefinite number some ages of 
 tlie churcii took their pattern for their canonical 
 hours. Taylor. 
 
 4. Spiritual ; ecclesiastical ; relating to 
 the church. 
 
 Vf.'rk anciently had a metropolitan jurisdiction 
 over all (he bishops of Scotlana, from whom they 
 had their consecration, and to whom they swore 
 canonical obedience. A ^liffe. 
 
 Cano'nically. adv. [from canonical.] 
 In a manner agreeable to the canon. 
 
 It is a known storv of the friar, who on a fasting 
 day, bid his capon "be carp, and then very canon- 
 ically cat it. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Cano'nicalness. n. .<;. [from catiorii- 
 cal.] The quality of being canonical. 
 
 Ca'nonist. n.s. [from canon.] A man 
 versed in the ecclesiastical laws; a pro- 
 fessor of the canon law. 
 
 John Fisher, bishop of Rochester, when the 
 king wovdd liave translated him from that poor 
 bishoprick, he refused, saying, he would not for- 
 sake his poor little old «"ife •' thinking of llie iif- 
 teenth canon of the jVicene council, and that of 
 the canoniitSt Matrinwniiun inter episcouum &^ ec~ 
 clesiam esse contraclumf 6;c, Camden s Remains. 
 
 Of whose strange crimes no canonist can tell 
 In what commandment's large contents they dwell. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Canoniza'tion. n.s. [from cannnhc] 
 The act of declaring any man a saint. 
 
 It is very suspicious, that the interests of parti- 
 cular families, or churches, have loo great a sway 
 in caiionizations. Addison^ 
 
 To Ca'nonize. v. a. [from canon, to 
 put into the canon, or rule for observ- 
 ing festivals.] To declare any man a 
 saint. 
 
 The king, desirous to bring into the house of 
 Lancaster celestial honour, became suitor to pope 
 Julius, to canon/ze king Henry VI. for a saint. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 By those hymns all shall approve 
 t'S canoni'Sd for love. Donne. 
 
 They have a pope too, who hath the chief care 
 of religion, and of canonizing whom he thinks lit, 
 and thence have the honour of saints. Stillingjieet. 
 
 Ca'nonry, ■) n. s. [from cano?i.] 
 C.'V'nonship. 3 An ecclesiastical bene- 
 fice in some cathedral or collegiate 
 church, Avhicli has a prebend, or a stated 
 allowance out of the revenues of such 
 church, commonly annexed to it. 
 
 Aj/liffe. 
 Ca'nopied. adj. [from canopy.] Co- 
 vered with a canopy. 
 
 I sat me down to watch upon a bank, 
 \\ ith icy canopii\i, and interwove 
 With flaunting honeysuckle, Milton. 
 
 CAN 
 
 CA'NOPY. n,s. [canopcumy low Lat.] 
 A covering of state over a throne or bed ; 
 a covering spread over the head. 
 
 She is tliere brouglit unto ;i paled green, 
 And placed under a stately canopu, 
 The warlike feats of both tliose knights to sec. 
 
 Fairfi Queen. 
 
 Now spread the night her spangled c(inoj)\j. 
 And suinnion'd every restleiis eye to sleep. Fairfax. 
 
 Nor will the raging fever's fire abate 
 With golden canapus, and beds of slate. }}ryd. 
 
 To Ca'nopy. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cover with a canopy. 
 
 Tlie birch, the myrtle, and tlie ba^', 
 
 Like friends did all embrace ; 
 And tlicir large brandies did display 
 
 To canopy the place. Dnjdcii. 
 
 Ca'norous. cdj, [canorus, Lat.] Mu- 
 sical ; tuneful. 
 
 Birds that are most canorous, and whose notes 
 
 we most commend, are of little throats, and short. 
 
 Broun's J'ulgar Errours. 
 
 CANT. n. s. [probably from cantus, Lat. 
 implying the odd tone of voice used by 
 vagrants ; but imagined by some to be 
 corrupted from quaint.] 
 
 1. A corrupt dialect used by beggars and 
 vagabonds. 
 
 2. A particular form of speaking, pecuHar 
 to some certain class or body of men. 
 
 I write not always in the proper terms of na- 
 vigation, land service, or in the cant of any pro- 
 fession. Dryden. 
 
 If we would trace out the original of that fla- 
 grant and avowed impiety, which has prevailed 
 among us for some years, we should find, that it 
 owes Its rise to tliat cant and hypocrisy', which 
 liad taken possession of tlie people's mindi in the 
 times of the great rebellicm. Addison s Frcclwldcr. 
 
 Astrologers, with an old paltry cunt, and a few 
 pot-hooks for planets, to amuse the vnlgar, have 
 too long been sufVcrcd to abuse the world. 
 
 Stcil't's Predictions for the year 1701. 
 
 A few general rules, with;) certain cciHt of words, 
 has sometimes set up an illiterate heavy writer for 
 a most judicious ana formidable critick. 
 
 Addiso7is Spectator. 
 
 3. A whining pretension to goodness, in 
 formal and affected terms. 
 
 Of promise prodigal, while pow'r you want, 
 And preaching in the self-denying cant, 
 
 Dryden s Aurcngzehe, 
 
 4. Barbarous jargon. 
 
 The affectation of some late authors, to intro- 
 duce and muUi|jly cant words, is the most ruinous 
 corruption in any language. Swift. 
 
 o. Auction. 
 
 Numbers of these tenants, or their descendants, 
 are now offering to sell their leases by cant, even 
 those which were for lives. Sicift. 
 
 To Cant, v, n. [from the noun.] To 
 talk in the jargon of particular profes- 
 sions ; or in any kind of formal, affected 
 language; or with a peculiar and studied 
 tone of voice. 
 
 Men cant about nmfcn'a and /tirma ; hunt chi- 
 meras by rules of art, or dress up ignorance in 
 words of bulk or sound, which may stop up the 
 mouth of enquiry. Glanville. 
 
 'I'hat uncouth affected garb of speech, or cant- 
 ing language rather, if I may so call it, which they 
 have of late taken up, is the signal distinction 
 and characteristical note of that, which, in that 
 their new language, they call the godly party. 
 
 Sanderson. 
 
 The busy, subtile serpents of the law 
 Did first my mind from true obedience draw ; 
 While t did limits to the king prescribe. 
 And took for uracles that canting inhc. Roscommon. 
 
 Unskill'd in schemes by planets to foreshow, 
 Like canting rascals, Iiow the wars will go 
 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 CAN 
 
 CANTATA, n. s. [Ital.] A song. 
 
 Canta'tion. n. s. [from canto, Lat.] 
 The act of singinjr. 
 
 Ca'nter. n. s. [from cant.] A term of 
 reproach for hypocrites, who talk for- 
 mally of religion, without obeying it. 
 
 Canterbury BELLS. SeeBELFLOwER. 
 
 Canterbury gallop. [In horseman- 
 ship.] The hand gallop of an ambling 
 horse, commonly called a canter ; said 
 to be derived from tlie monks riding to 
 Canterbury on easy ambling horses. 
 
 CANTHA'RIDES. n. s. [Latin.] Spa- 
 nish flies, used to raise blisters. 
 
 The flies, cantharides, are bred of a worm, or 
 caterpillar, but peculiar to certain fruit trees ; aj 
 are the fljj-tree, the pine-tree, and the wild brier ; 
 all which bear sweet fruit, and fruit that hath a 
 kind of secret biting or sharpness: for tlie tig hath 
 a milk in it that is sweet and corrosive ; the pine 
 apple hath a kernel that is strong and abstersive. 
 Bacons Natural HistorTj. 
 
 CA'NTHUS. n. s. [Latin.] The cor- 
 ner of the eye. The internal is called 
 the greater, the external the lesser can- 
 thus. Quinci/. 
 
 A gentlewonian was seized with an inflamma- 
 tion and tumour in the great canthus, or angle of 
 her eye. Wiseman. 
 
 Ca'nticle. m. s. [from canto, Lat.] A 
 song : used generally for a song in 
 scripture. 
 
 This ri^bt (tf estate, in some nations, is yet 
 more significantly exprt ssed by Pluses in his can- 
 ticles, in the person of God to Ihe .Tews. 
 
 Bacon's Holy War, 
 
 Canti'livers. n. «. Pieces of wood 
 framed into the front or other sides of 
 an house, to sustain the moulding and 
 eaves over it. Moxou's Mech. E.tercises. 
 Ca'ntion. n. s. [caniio, Lat.] bong; 
 verses. Not now in use. 
 
 Ill the eighth eclogue the same person was 
 brought in singing a caution of Collin's making. 
 
 Spem. Kal. Cilo. 
 
 CA'NTLE. n. s. [kant, Dutch, a corner ; 
 eschandllon, Fr. apiece.] A piece with 
 corners. Skinner. 
 
 See how tliis river comes, me crankling in. 
 And cuts me from the best of all my land 
 A huge half-moon, a monstrous cujjt/e out. 
 
 Shakcsp. Henry IV. 
 
 To Ca'ntle. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cut in pieces. 
 
 For four times talking, if one piece thou take, 
 That must be cantterf, and the judre go snack. 
 
 Vryjen's Juvenal. 
 
 Ca'ntlet. n. s. [from cantlc] A piece; 
 a fragment. 
 
 Nor shield nor armour can their force oppose ; 
 Huge cantleta of his buckler strew the ground. 
 And no defence in his bur'd arms is found. Dryd. 
 
 CANTO, n. s. ■ [Ital.] A book ; or se'c- 
 tion, of a poem. 
 
 Why, what would you do ?— — 
 .^Rlake a willow cabbin at your gate. 
 And call upon my soul within the house ; 
 Write loyal canios of contemned love. 
 
 i>hakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 CANTON, n. s. 
 
 , A small parcel or division of land. 
 
 Only that little canton of land, called the Eng- 
 lish pale, containing foui small shires, did main- 
 tain a bordering war with the Irish, and retain the 
 form of English government. Davies. 
 
 2, A small community, or clan. 
 
 258
 
 CAN 
 
 The same is the case of rovers by land ; such, 
 as yet, are some cantom in Arabia, and some petty 
 kings of tlie mountains adjacent to straits and 
 ways. Bacon s Holy Wai\ 
 
 To Ca'nton. t'. a. [from the noun.] To 
 divide into little parts. 
 
 Families shall quit all subjection to him, and 
 Clinton his empire into less governments for them- 
 selves. Locke. 
 
 It would certainly be fur the good of mankind, 
 to have all the mighty erajjires and monarchies 
 of the world canloned'out nito petty states and 
 princi|ialitie5. AdUison on Italy- 
 
 The late king of Spain, reckoning it an indig- 
 nity to have his territories cantoned oui into par- 
 cels by other princes, during his own life and 
 without his consent, rather chose to bequeath the 
 monarchy entire to a younger son of France. 5trj/f. 
 
 They canton out to'tlieiuselves a little i"jroviiice 
 in the "intellectual world, «hi?re they fancy the 
 light shines, and all the rest is in darkness 
 
 Il'dtts on the Mind. 
 To Ca'ntonize. v. a. [from caiiton.] 
 To parcel out into small divisions. 
 
 Thus was all Ireland cantonhed among ten per- 
 sons of ihe English nation. Davieson Ireland. 
 
 The \vli(»Ie forest was in a manner cantonized 
 amongst a very few in number, uf whom sou.e had 
 regal rights. Howel. 
 
 Ca'ntred. w. s. [The same in Wales 
 as an hundrtd in England. For cuntre, 
 in the British language, signifieth an 
 hmidred. Cowe/l. 
 
 The kino; regrants to him all that province, re- 
 serving only tiie city of Dublin, and the cantreds 
 next adjoining, with the maritime towns. 
 
 Davks on Ireland. 
 
 CA'NVASS. n. s. [canevas Fr. cannabis, 
 Lat. hemp.] 
 
 1. X kind of linen cloth «oven for several 
 uses, as sails, painting cloths, tents. 
 
 The master commanded forlhwith to set on all 
 the cajivass they could, and lly homeward. Sidneu. 
 
 And eke the pens, that did his pinims hind," 
 Were like main yards witii flying canvass iin'd. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Their canvass castles up they quickly rear, 
 .\nd build a city in an hour's space. Fairfax. 
 
 \\ liere'er thy navy spreads her canvass win'iis, 
 Homage to tliee, and peace to all, she brings. IT'a/. 
 
 With such kind passion hastes the prince to light. 
 And spreads his flying ciinross to the sound : 
 Him whom no danger, ^vere he there could fright. 
 Now absent, evervTittle noise can wound. X)ri/den. 
 
 Thou, Kneller, long witli noble pride, 
 Tiie forenrost of thy art, hast vied 
 With nature in a generous strife. 
 And louch'd the canvass into life. Addison. 
 
 2. The act of sifting voices, or trying them 
 pre\iousl}' to the deci.sive act of voting, 
 [from canvass, as it signifies a sieve.] 
 
 There be that can pack cards, and yet cannot 
 play well: so thf re are some that are good in 
 canvasses and factions, that are ollierwise weak 
 men. Bacon. 
 
 To Ca'nvass. v. a. [.'skinner derives it 
 from cannahasstr, Fr. to beat hemp ; 
 which being a very laborious employ- 
 ment, it is used to signify, to search di- 
 ligently into.] 
 
 1. To sift ; to examine, [from canvass a 
 straining cloth.] 
 
 I have made careful search on all hands, and 
 canvassed the matter with all possible diligence. 
 
 M'oodKard. 
 
 2. To debate ; to discuss. 
 
 The curs discovered a raw hide in the bottom 
 of a river, and laid their heads together how to 
 come at it : they canvassed the malter'one w ay and 
 t'other, and concluded, that the way to get It, was 
 to drink their way to it. L'^trange. 
 
 To Canvass, i'. n. To solicit ; to try 
 votes previously to the decisive act. 
 
 CAP 
 
 Elizabeth being to resolve upon an oflicer, and 
 being, by some that canvassed for others, put in 
 some doubt of that jjerson she meant to advance, 
 said, she was like one with a lanthorn seeking a 
 man. Baam. 
 
 Tills crimeofcnnpa.w'ng, or soliciting, fur church 
 preferment, is, by the canon law, called simony. 
 Ayliffe't Parergon. 
 
 Ca'ny. adj. [from cane.'] 
 
 1. Full of canes. 
 
 2. Consisting of canes. 
 
 But in his way lights on the barren plains 
 Of .Sericana, where Chineses drive, 
 "With sails and wind, their cany waggons light. 
 
 Millon. 
 
 Ca'nzonet. n. s. [canzonctta Ital.] A 
 little song. 
 
 Vecchi was most pleasing of all others, for his 
 conceit and variety, as well his madrigals as can- 
 zonets. Peacham. 
 
 CAP. n. s. [cap, Welsh ; ca^ppe, Sax. 
 cappe. Germ, cappe, Fr. cuppa, Ilal. 
 capa. Span, kappe, Dan. and Dutch ; 
 caput a head, Latin. 
 
 1. The garment that covers the head. 
 Here is the cap your worship did bespeak.^ 
 
 — Why, this was moulded on a poringer, 
 
 A velvet dish, Shakcsp. Taming of' the Shreic. 
 
 I have ever held my cap ufl^to thy tortune. — 
 — Thou hast serv'd nie with nuich faith. Shakes]^. 
 
 First, lolling sli>tli in woollen cap, 
 Taking her after-dinner nap. _ Suif't. 
 
 The cap. ibc whip, the masculine attire. 
 For whicti they rouglien to the sense. 
 
 Thomson s Auttinm. 
 
 2. The ensign of the cardinalate. 
 Henry the Fifth did sometimes prophesy. 
 
 If once'be came to be a cardinal. 
 
 He'd make his cap coequal witli the crown. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 3. The topmost ; the highest. 
 Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. 
 
 Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 4. A reverence made by uncovering the 
 head. 
 
 They more and less came in with cap and knee. 
 Met him in boroughs, cities, villages. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry I\ . 
 Should the want of a cap or a cringe so mor- 
 tally discompose him, as we iind afterwards it did. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 5. A vessel made like a cap. 
 
 It is observed, that a barrel or cap, whose ca- 
 vity will contain eight cubical feet of air, will 
 not serve a diver above a quarter of an hour. 
 
 Wilkins. 
 
 G. Cap of a great ^ttn. A piece of lead 
 laid over the touch hole, to preserve the 
 prime. 
 
 7. Cap of maintenance. One of the re- 
 galia carried before the king at the co- 
 ronation. 
 
 To Cap. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To cover on the top. 
 
 The bones next the joint are capped with a 
 smooth cartilaginous substance, serving both to 
 strength and motion. Derham. 
 
 2. To deprive of the cap. 
 
 If one, by another occasion, take any thingfrom 
 another, asboys sometimes use to cap one another, 
 the same is straight felony. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 3. To cap irrsfs. To name alternately 
 verses beginning with a particular letter ; 
 to name in opposition or emulation ; to 
 name alternately in contest. 
 
 Where Henderson, and tli' other masses. 
 Were sent to C(7p texts, and put cases. Hndibras. 
 
 Sure it is a pitiful pretence to ingenuity that 
 
 can be thus kept up, there being little need of any 
 
 other faculty but memory, to be able to cap texts. 
 
 '(jovcrnment 'fthe Tongue. 
 
 CAP 
 
 There is an author of ours, whom Iwould desire 
 him to read, before lie ventures at capping charac- 
 ters. Attcrbitry. 
 
 Cap d pi, "k [cap (i pie, Fr.] From liead 
 Cap a pie. j to foot ; all over. 
 A figure like your father, 
 Arin'd at all points exactly, cup a pr. 
 Appears before them, anfl, with solemn march. 
 Goes slow and stately by them. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 There for the two contending knights lie sent ; 
 Arm'd cap a pie, with rcv'rence low they bent. 
 
 Vryden. 
 .\. woodlouse, 
 That folds up itself in itself for a house. 
 As round as a ball, without head, witliout tail, 
 Inclos'd cap a pt in a. strong coat of mail. Stcij't. 
 
 Cap-paper. A sort of coarse brownish 
 paper. So called from being formed 
 into a kind of cap to hold commodities. 
 
 Havinif, for trial saki-, fdtered it through cmi- 
 papcr, there remained in the lihre a powtler. B*ii//^. 
 
 Capabi'lity. n. s. [from capable.] Ca- 
 pacity ; the quality of being capable. 
 
 Sure he that made us with such Targe discourse, 
 Ixtoking before and after, gave us not 
 That ca]>ability and podlike reason 
 'J'o rust in us unus'cT. Shakesp. 
 
 CAPABLE, adj. [capable, Fr.] 
 
 1. Sufficient to contain; sufficiently ca- 
 pacious. 
 
 \\ hen we consider so much of that space, as is 
 equal to, or capable to receive a body of any as- 
 signed dimensions. Locke. 
 
 2. Endued with powers equal to any par- 
 ticular thing. 
 
 To say. that the more capable, or the belter 
 deserver, hath such right to govern, as he may 
 compulsorily bring under the less worthy, is idle. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 ^^'hen you hear any person give his judgment, 
 consider with yourself whether he be a capable 
 judge. ]\'ut1s. 
 
 3. Intelligent ; able to understand. 
 
 Look you, iiow pale he glares ; 
 His form and cause coiijoin'd, preaching to stones, 
 "\\ ould make them capable. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 4. Intellectually capacious; able to re- 
 ceive. 
 
 I am much bound to God, that he hath endued 
 you with one rnpu6/e of the best instructions. Di^fru. 
 
 5. Susceptible. 
 
 The soul, immortal substance, to remain 
 Conscious of joy, and capable of paui. Prior. 
 
 6. Qualified for ; without any natural im- 
 pediment. 
 
 There is no man that believes the goodness of 
 God, but must be inclined to think, that he hath 
 made some things for as long a duration as ihey 
 are capable of. Tdlotson. 
 
 7. Qualifiedfor; withoutlegalimpetliment. 
 
 Of my land. 
 Loyal and natural boy ! I'll work the meajjs 
 To'make thee capable. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 8. It has the particle <)/" before a noun. 
 What secret springs their eager passions move, 
 
 How capable n/ iiealli for injur'd love ! Dryd.Virg. 
 
 9. Hollow. Tliis sense is not now in use. 
 
 Lean but upon a rush, 
 The cicatrice, and cojiable impressure, 
 Thv palm some moments kce\>s. Shak.Asyini liP.e it, 
 
 Ca'pableness. U.S. [from capable.] 
 The quality or state of being capable ; 
 knowledge ; understanding ; power of 
 mind. 
 CAPACIOUS, adj. [capax, Lat-] 
 1. Wide ; large ; able to hold much. 
 
 Beneath th' incessant weeping of those drains 
 I see tlie rocky siphons stretch'd immense. 
 The mighty reservoirs of harden'd chalk 
 Or stifle coiupacted clay, capocious found. 
 
 Thomun's Autumn.
 
 CAP 
 
 2. Extensive ; equal to much knowledge, 
 or great design. 
 
 There are some persons of a good genius, and a 
 eapacious mind, who write and speak very ob- 
 scarely. \Vatts. 
 
 Capa'ciousness. n. s. [from capacious.] 
 The power of holding or receiving ; 
 largeness. 
 
 A concave measure, of known and denominate 
 capacity, serves to measure the capaciousness of 
 anv other vessel. In like manner to a given weiglit 
 the weight of all other bodies may he reduced and 
 so found out. Holdtr on Time. 
 
 To Capa'citate. t'. a. [from capacity. ] 
 
 To make capable ; to enable; to qualify. 
 
 By this instruction we may be capacitated, to 
 
 obse'rve those errours. Dryden 
 
 These sort of men were sycophants only, and 
 
 were endued with arts of life, to capacitate them 
 
 for the conversation of the rich and great. Tatitr. 
 
 Capa'city. n.s. [capacite, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The power of holding or containing 
 any thing. 
 
 Had our palace the capacitl/ 
 To camp this host, we would all sup together. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Notwithstanding thy capacity 
 Beceiveth as the sea, noughtenters there, 
 Of what validity and pitch soc'er. 
 But falls into atatemeiit and low price. 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 For they that most and greatest things embrace, 
 Knlarge thereby tlieir mind's capacity, 
 As streams enlarged, enlarge tlieir chamicls space. 
 
 Dalies. 
 Space, considered in length, breadth, and thick- 
 ness, 1 think, may be called capacity. Lccke. 
 
 2. Room ; space. 
 
 There remained, in the capacity of the exhausted 
 cylinder, store of little rooms, or spaces, empty or 
 devoid of air. _ Boyle. 
 
 3. The force or power of the mind. 
 
 No intellectual creature is able, by capacity, to 
 do that which nature doth without capacity and 
 knowledge. Hooker. 
 
 In spiritual natures, so much as there is of de- 
 sire, so much there is also of capacity to receive. 
 I do not say, there is always a capacity to receive 
 the very thmg they desire, for that may be impos- 
 sible, iioiith. 
 
 An heroic poem requires the accomplishment of 
 some extraordinary undertaking ; which requires 
 the duty of a soldier, and the capacitu and pru- 
 dence of a general. Drydtn's J uvenal, Dedication. 
 
 4. Power; ability. 
 
 Since the world's wide frame does not include 
 A cause with such capacities endued. 
 Some other ca\ise o'er nature must preside. Black. 
 
 5. State ; condition ; character. 
 
 A miraculous revolution reducing many from 
 llie head of a triumphant rebellion to their old 
 condition of masons, smiths, and carpenters ; that 
 in this capacitl^, they might repair what, as colo- 
 nels and captains, they had ruined and defaced. 
 
 South. 
 
 Vou desire my thoughts as a friend, and not as 
 a member of parliament ; they are the same in both 
 capacities. Swift. 
 
 CAPARISON, n.s. [capai-azoti a great 
 cloke, Span.] A horse-cloth, or a sort 
 i)f cover for a horse, which is spread 
 over his furniture. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Tilling furniture, emblazon'd shields. 
 Impresses quaint, caparisons, and steeds. 
 Bases, and tinsel trappings, gorgeous knights, 
 At joust and tournament. Paradise Lost. 
 
 .•ionie wore a breastplate, and a light juppon ; 
 Their horses cloath'd with rich caparisim. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 To Capa'rison. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To dress in caparisons. 
 
 The steeds caparison d with purple stand. 
 With golden trappings, glorious to behold. 
 And champ betwixt their teeth the foaming gold. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 CAP 
 
 2. To dress pompously: in a ludicrous 
 sense. 
 
 Don't you think, though I am caparisoned like 
 a man, f have a doublet and hose in my dispo- 
 sition ? Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Cape. v. s. [cape, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Headland ; promontory. 
 
 ^Vh:lt froBi the cape can you discern at sea ?— 
 —Nothing at all ; it is a high wrought flood. 
 
 .Shakesp. Othello. 
 The parting sun. 
 Beyond the earth's green cape and verdant isles, 
 Hesjerian sets ; my signal to depart. Par, last. 
 The Romans ma'de war upon the Tarentines, 
 and obliged them by treaty not to sail beyond the 
 cane. " Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. The neck-piece of a cloke. 
 
 He was cloaihed in a robe of fine black cloth, 
 with wide sleeves and cape. Bacon. 
 
 CATER, n. s. [from caper, Latin, a goat.] 
 A leap ; a jump ; a skip. 
 
 ^Vc, that are true lovers, run into strange capers ; 
 but as ail is mortal in nature, so is all nature in 
 love mortal in foil}'. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Flimnap. the treasurer, is allowed to cut a captn', 
 
 on the strait rope, at least an inch higher than any 
 
 other lord in the whole empire. Sicms Gut. Trav. 
 
 Ca'per. n. s. [capparis, Lat.] An acid 
 
 pickle. See Caper bush. 
 
 We invent new sauces and pickles, which re- 
 semble the animal ferment in taste and virtue, as 
 mangoes, olives, and capers. Ftoyer on the Humours. 
 
 To Ca'per. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To dance frolicksomely. 
 
 The truth is, I am mily old in judgment; and 
 he that will caper witli me for a thousand marks, 
 let him lend me the money, and have at him. 
 
 Shake^. Henry IV. 
 
 2. To skip for merriment. 
 
 Our master 
 Cap'ring to eye her. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 His nimble hand's instinct then taught each 
 string 
 A cap'ring cheerfulness, and made them sing 
 To their own dance. Crashair. 
 
 The family tript it about, and capered like hail- 
 stones bounding from a marble flour. 
 
 Arbuthnot's John Bull. 
 
 3. To dance : spoken in contempt. 
 
 The stage would need no force, nor song, nor 
 dance. 
 Nor capering monsieur from active France. Rowc. 
 Ca'perer. n.s. [from ca^er.] A dan- 
 cer : in contempt. 
 
 The tumbler's gambols some delight afTord ; 
 No less the nimble caperer on the cord : 
 But these are still insipid stuff to thee, 
 Coop'd in a ship, and toss'd upon the sea. 
 
 Drydeji's Juv. 
 Caperbush. n. s. [capparis, Lat.] 
 
 The fruit is fleshy, and shaped like a pear. This 
 plant grows in the South of France, in Spain, and 
 ill Italy, upon old walls and buildings ; and the 
 buds of the flowers, before they are open, are 
 pickled for eating. Miller. 
 
 CAPIAS, n. s. [Lat.] A writ of two 
 sorts : One before judgment, called 
 capias ad respondendum, in an action 
 personal, if the sheriff, upon the first 
 writ of distress, return that he has no 
 effects in his jurisdiction. The otlier is 
 a writ of execution after judgment. 
 
 Cowelf. 
 
 Capilla'ceous. adj. The same with 
 capillar]/. 
 
 Ca'pillaire. n. s. Syrup of maiden- 
 head. 
 
 Capi'llamkNT. n. js. [capillamenttim, 
 Lat.] Those small threads or hairs 
 which grow up in the middle of a flow- 
 
 CAP 
 
 er, and adorned with little knobs at the 
 
 top, are called capillaments. Quincy. 
 
 Capillary. adJ.[i'rom capillus hair.Lat.] 
 
 1. Resembling hairs ; small; minute: ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Capillary or capilUiceous plants, are such as have 
 no main stalk or stem, but grow to the ground, as 
 hairs on the head ; and which bear their seeds in 
 little tufts or protuberances on the backside of 
 their leaves. Quincy. 
 
 Our common hyssop is not the least of vegeta- 
 bles, nor observed to grow upon walls ; but rather, 
 some kind of capillaries, which are very small 
 plants, and only grow upon wallsand stony places. 
 Broum's Vulgar Krroars. 
 
 2. Applied to vessels of the body : small; 
 as the ramifications of the arteries. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 Ton capillary arteries in some parts of the body, 
 as in the brain, are not equal to one hair ; and 
 the smallest lynqihatick vessels are an hundred 
 times smaller tlian the smallest capillary artery. 
 
 Arbuth iwt on Aliments. 
 
 Capilla'tion. n. s. [from capillus, 
 Lat.] A vessel like a hair ; a small ra- 
 mification of vessels. Not used. 
 
 Nor is the humour contained in smaller veins, 
 or obscurer capillations, but in a vesicle. 
 
 Broum's Vulgar Erronn. 
 
 CATJTAL. adj. [capitalis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Relating to the head. 
 
 Needs must the serpent now his capital bruise 
 Expect with mortal pain. Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. Criminal in the highest degree, so as 
 
 to touch life. 
 
 Edmund, I arrest thee 
 On capital treason. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Several cases deserve greater punishment than 
 many crimes that are capital among us. Swift. 
 
 3. That which affects life. 
 
 In capital causes, wherein but one man's life is 
 in question, the evidence ought to be clear ; much 
 more in a judgment upon a war, which is capital 
 to thousands. Bacon. 
 
 4. Chief; principal. 
 
 I will, out of that infinite number, reckon but 
 
 some that are most capital, and commonly occur- 
 
 rent both in the life and conditions of private men. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 As to swerve in the least points, is errour ; so 
 the capital enemies thereof God liateth, as his 
 deadly f'cs, aliens, and, without repentance, chil- 
 dren iif endless perdition. Hivker. 
 
 They do, in themselves, tend to confirm tlie 
 truth if a capital article in religion. Atterbury. 
 
 5. Chief; metropolitan. 
 
 This had been 
 Perhaps thy capital seat, from wlience had spread 
 All generations ; and had hither come. 
 From all the ends of th' earth, to celebrate 
 -ind reverence thee, their great progenitor. 
 
 Paradise Lost. 
 
 G. Applied to letters : large ; such as are 
 
 written at the beginnings or heads of 
 
 books. 
 
 Our most considerable actions are alsvays pre- 
 sent. like capital letters to an aged and dim eye. 
 
 Taylor's Holy Livmg. 
 The first is written in capifa/ letters, without 
 chapters or verses. Greui's Cosmologi^t Sacra. 
 
 7. Capital stock. The principal or ori- 
 ginal stock of a trader or company. 
 Capital, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. The upper part of a pillar. 
 
 You see the volute of the lonick, the foliage of 
 
 the Corinthian, and the uovali of the Dorick, 
 
 mixed without any regularity on the same capital. 
 
 Add'ison en Italy. 
 
 2. The chief city of a nation or kingdom. 
 Ca'pitally. adv. [from capital] In a 
 1 capital manner. 
 
 ' 2C0
 
 CAP 
 
 Capita'tion, n. s. [from caput the 
 head, Lat.] Numeration by heads. 
 
 He suffered fur not performing tlie command- 
 ment of God concerning capitation ; that, when 
 the people were numbered, for everj- head tlicy 
 should pay unto a God a shekel. Brown. 
 
 CA'PJlE. n. s. [from caput, capitis, 
 Lat.] 
 
 A tenure which holdeth immediately of the 
 king, as of his crown, be it by knight's service 
 Of socage, and not as of any honour, castle, or ma- 
 nour : and therefore it is otiierwise called a tenure, 
 that holdeth merely of the king ; bi cause, as the 
 crown is a corporation and seigniory in gross, as 
 the common lawyers term it, so the king that pos- 
 sesseth the crown is, inaccountof law, perpetually 
 king, and never in his mmority, nor ever dicth. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 Capi'tular. n. s. [from capitulum, 
 Lat. an ecclesiastical chapter.] 
 
 1. A body of statutes divided into chapters. 
 
 That this practice continued to the time of 
 Charlemaju, appears by a constitution iu his capi- 
 tular. ' Taylor. 
 
 2. A member of a chapter. 
 
 Canonists do agree, that the chapter makes de- 
 crees and statutes, which shall bind tlie chapter 
 itself, and all its members or capitulars. 
 
 Ayliffe^s Parergon. 
 
 To CAPITULATE, v. n. [from capitu- 
 lum, Lat.] 
 
 1. Todrawupany thing in heads orarticles. 
 
 Percy, Northumberland, 
 The archbishop "of York, Douglas, and JNIortimer, 
 Capitulate against us, and are up. Shak. Henry IV. 
 
 2. To yield, or surrender up, on certain 
 stipulations. 
 
 The king took it for a great indignity, that 
 thieves should oiler to capitiilate with him as ene- 
 mies. Haiju-ard. 
 
 1 still pursued, and about two o'clock this after- 
 noon she thought fit to capituiite. Spectator. 
 Capitula'tion. n. s. [from capitulate.] 
 Stipulation ; terms ; conditions. 
 
 It was not a complete conquest, but rather a 
 dedition upon terms and capitulations, agreed be- 
 tween the conqueror and the conquered ; wherein, 
 usually, the yielding party secured to themselves 
 their law and religion. Hate. 
 
 Capi'vi tree. 71. s. [copaiba, Lat.] 
 
 This tree grnwsnear a \'iliage called .\vapel, in 
 the province of Antiochi, in tiTe Spanish U'est In- 
 dies, about ten days journey from Carthagena. 
 Some of them do not yield' any of the balsam ; 
 those that do, aie distinguished by a ridge which 
 runs along their trunks. I'hese trees are wounded 
 in their centre, and they apply vessels to the 
 wounded part, to receive the balsam. One of these 
 trees will yield five or si.t gallons of balsam. ]IIi//o-. 
 
 To Capo'ch. v. a. I know not distinctly 
 
 what this word means ; perhaps to strip 
 
 off the hood. 
 
 Capflch'd your rabins of the synod. 
 And snapt the canons with a why not. Hudibras. 
 
 Ca'pox. n. s. [capo, Lat.] A castrated 
 cock. 
 
 In good roast beef my landlord sticks his knife ; 
 The capon fat delights his dainty wife. Gajj's Past. 
 
 CAPONXIERE. n. s. [Fr. A term 
 in fortification.] A covered lodgment, 
 of about four or five feet broad, encom- 
 passed with a little parapet of about two 
 feet high, serving to support planks 
 laden with earth. This lodgment con- 
 tains fifteen or twenty soldiers, and is 
 usually placed at tlie extremity of the 
 counterscarp, having httle eriibrasiires 
 made in them, through which they fire. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 CAP 
 
 CAPO'T. n. s. [French.] Is when one 
 party wins all the tricks of cards at the 
 game of picquet. 
 
 To Capo't. v. a. [from the noun.] When 
 one party has won all the tricks of cards 
 at picquet, he is said to have capotted 
 his antagonist. 
 
 Capo'lch. n. s. [capucijTr.] A monk's 
 hood. Diet. 
 
 Ca'pper. n. s. [from cap.] One who 
 makes or sells caps. 
 
 Capre'olate. adj. [from capreolus, a 
 tendril of a vine, Lat.] 
 
 Such plants as turn, wind, and creep along the 
 ground, by means of their tendrils, as gourds, 
 melons, and cucumbers, are termed, in botany, 
 capreoUite plants. Harris. 
 
 CAPRICE, \n.s. [caprice, Vr. ca- 
 
 CAPRI'CHIO. 3 ;>w/io. Span.] Freak; 
 fancy j whim ; sudden change of hu- 
 mour. 
 
 It is a pleasant spectacle to behold the shifts, 
 windings, and unexpected caprichios of distressed 
 nature,''when pursued by a close and well-manag- 
 ed experiment. Glanville's Scepsis, Preface. 
 \\ e are not to be guided in the sense of that 
 book, either by the raisreports of some ancients, 
 or the caprichios of one or two neoterics. Crew. 
 Heav'ns great view is one, and that the whole ; 
 That counterworks each folly and caprice. 
 That disappoiiits th' ctfect of ev'ry vice. Pope. 
 If there be a single spot more barren, or more 
 distant from the church, there the rector or vicar 
 may be obliged, by the caprice or pique of the 
 bisliop, to build. Sul/t. 
 
 Their passions move in lower spheres, 
 ^Vhere'er caprice or folly steers. Swift. 
 
 All the various machines and utensils would 
 now and then play odd pranks and caprices, quite 
 contrary to their proper structures, and design of 
 the artificers. Benttey. 
 
 Capri'cious. adj. [capricieux, Fr.] 
 Whimsical ; fanciful ; humoursome. 
 
 Capri'ciously. adv. [from capricious.] 
 Whimsically ; in a manner depenthng 
 wholly upon fancy. 
 
 Capri'ciousness. M.S. [(rom capri- 
 cious.] The quality of being led by 
 caprice, humour, whimsicalness. 
 
 A subject ought to suppose that there are rea- 
 sons, although he be not apprised of them ; other- 
 wise, he must tax his prince of capriciousness, in- 
 constancy, or ill design. Swift. 
 
 Ca'pricorn. n. s. [capricornus, Lat.] 
 One of the signs of the zodiack ; the 
 winter solstice. 
 
 Let the longest night in Capricffm be of fifteen 
 liours, the day consequently must be of nine. 
 
 Notes to Creech's Manilius. 
 
 CAPRf&LE. n. s. [Fr. In horseman- 
 
 CAP 
 
 levers, to wind up any great weight, 
 particularly to raise the anchors. 
 
 The weig!»iiig of anchors hy the capstan is bI*u 
 new. Haleigh's Fmoijs. 
 
 No more behold thee turn my walch s ki-_v, 
 Ab .sean.en at a capsUtn anchorb weigh. Sirijt. 
 
 Ca'psula'r, 7 tf^/. [capsula, 1-at,] 
 Ca'psl'lary. J Hollow like a chest. 
 
 It ascendeth not directly unto the throat, but 
 ascending first into a capsuUirti reception of the 
 breast-bone, it a^cendeth acain into the neck. 
 
 Broicn's Vutgar Krroun. 
 
 Ca'psvlate, \ adj. [capsufa, Lat.] 
 Ca'psulated, J inclosed, cr in a box. 
 
 Seeds, such as are corrupted and stair, \vi.l 
 swim; and this agreeih unto the seeds of plants 
 locked up and capsulated in their hu«tk5. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Emnirt, 
 
 The heart lies immured, or capsulated, hi a car- 
 tiliace, w liich includes iJie heart as the &kull doth 
 the brain. Derhum. 
 
 CA'PTAIX. n. s, [capitain, Fr. in La- 
 tin capitantus ; being one of those who, 
 by tenure in capife. were obliged to 
 bring soldiers to the war.] 
 
 1. A chief commander, 
 
 Disraay'd not this 
 Our captainSt Macbetli and Banquo ? Shak. Macb, 
 
 [Fr. 
 ship.] Caprioles are leaps, such as a 
 horse makes in one and the same place, 
 without advancing forwards, and in such 
 a manner, that when he is in the air, and 
 height of his leap, he yerks or strikes 
 out with his hinder legs, even and near. 
 A capriole is the most difficult of all the 
 high manage, or raised airs. It is differ- 
 ent from the croupade in this, that the 
 horse does not show his shoes ; and from 
 a halutade, in tliat he does not yerk out 
 in a balotade. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ca'pstan. n. s. [corrupt!}- called cap- 
 stem ; cabeslan, Fr.] A cylinder, with 
 
 The chief of any number or body of men. 
 
 Xashan shall hecaptain of .Tudah. Xumbert. 
 
 lie sent unto him a captain of tifly. Kings. 
 
 The captain of the guard gave hiiu victuals. 
 
 Jcemiah. 
 
 3. A man skilled in war ; as, Marlborough 
 was a great captain. 
 
 4. The commander of a company in a re- 
 giment 
 
 A captain f these villains will make the name 
 of captain as odious as the word occupy ; there- 
 fore captains had need look to it. Shak. Benry IV. 
 The grim captain, in a surly tone. 
 Cries out, Pack up, ye rascals, and begone ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 5. The chief commander of a ship. 
 The Rhodianca/itnin, relying on his knowledge, 
 
 and the lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, 
 through all the guards. Arbuthnot on Coinj. 
 
 6. It was antiently written capitain. 
 And evermore their cruel capitain 
 
 Sought with his rascal routs t' enclose them round . 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 7. Captain General. The general or com- 
 mander in chief of an army. 
 
 8. Captain Lieutenant. The commanding 
 officer of the colonel's troop or company, 
 in every regiment. He commands as 
 youngest captain. 
 
 Ca'ptainry. n. s. [from cap/a»H.] The 
 power over a certain district ; the chief- 
 tainship. 
 
 There should be no rewards taken for captain- 
 ries of counties, no shares of bishopricks for nomi- 
 nating of bishops. Spenser. 
 
 Ca'ptainship. n. s. [from captain.] 
 1. The condition or post of a chief com- 
 mander. 
 
 Therefore so please thee to return with us, 
 .\nd of our Athens, thine and ours, to take 
 The captainship. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 •2. 'I'herank, quality, or post of a captain. 
 The lieutenant of the cub nel's company might 
 well pretend to the next vacant captainship in the 
 same regiment. lli»lit'«. 
 
 3. The chieftainship of a clan, or govern- 
 ment of a certain district. 
 
 To diminish the Irish lords, he did abolish their 
 pretended and usurped captainships. Duties on Irel. 
 
 4. Skill in the military trade. 
 
 261
 
 CAP 
 
 C A R 
 
 Capta'tion. n. s. [from capto, Lat.] 
 The practice of catching fovour or ap- 
 plause ; courtship ; flattery. 
 
 I MX content my lieart sl.ould be discovered, 
 witliont any of iliose dresses, or popular f,.;i(n(Knis, 
 whicli sonic men use in tlieir speeclics.h. Umrks 
 
 C a'ption. n. s. [from capio, Lat. to take.J 
 The act of taking any person by a judi- 
 cial process. 
 
 CAPTIOUS, adj. [caplieux, Fr. capti- 
 osns, Lat.] 
 
 1. Given to cavils; eager to object. 
 
 If lie '.hew a forwardness to l.e reasoninj! about 
 
 thinas, take care that nobody cbeek Ibis inelma- 
 
 tionror mislead it by rujiti.ms or fallacious ways ot 
 
 talking witb him. . .'-""'■• 
 
 o. Insidious; ensnaring. 
 
 Slie taught him likewise how to (ivoid sundry 
 captious and tempting questions, wlncli were like 
 to be asked of him. Bacon. 
 
 Ca'ptiously. adv. [from captioHS.] In 
 a captious manner ; with an inchnatton 
 
 to object. 
 
 Use your words as captioitslv as you can, in your 
 arguing on one side, and apply distinctions on the 
 otrier. ■^"'■'"'■ 
 
 Ca'ptiousness. «. s. [from captious.\ 
 Inclination to find fault ; inchnation to 
 object ; peevishness. 
 
 Cautiousness is a fault opposite to civility ; it 
 often produces misbecoming and provoking ex- 
 pressions and carriage. _ Locke. 
 
 To Ca'ptivate. v. a. [captiver, Fr. 
 captivo, Lat.] _ 
 
 1. To take prisoner; to brmg mto bon- 
 dage. 
 
 How ill beseeming is it in thy sex 
 To triumph, like an Amazonian trull. 
 Upon their woes whom fortune captimtcs ! A/wh. 
 
 Thou hast by tvraiiny these many years 
 Wasted our countrv, slain our citizens. 
 And sent our sons and husbands rii;)(ioafe. S/ia/c 
 
 He deserves to be a slave that is content to have 
 the rational sovereignty of his soul, and the liber- 
 ty of his will, so captinitcd. hiiig Lhark-s. 
 
 They stand firm, keep out the enemy, truh, 
 that would cuptimte or disturb them. _ Locke. 
 
 2. To charm; to overpower with excel- 
 lence ; to subdue. . 
 
 Wisdom enters the last, and so captivates hiin 
 vith her appearance, that he gives bimself up to 
 j,^,^ ' ' Addison, Ouardmn. 
 
 5. To enslave : with to. 
 
 Thev l.iv a trap for themselves, and cmlimte 
 their Understandings to mistake, falsehood, and 
 errour. _ ° ' 
 
 Captiva'tion. n. s. [from captivate.] 
 
 The act of taking one captive. 
 CAPTIVE. U.S. [capti/.Tr. captivus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . One taken in war ; a prisoner to an 
 
 enemy. 
 
 You have the captives, 
 Who were the opposites of this day's strife. Shak. 
 This is no other than that forced respect a c.ij)- 
 tive navs to his conqueror, a slave to Ins lord. 
 ^ * iiogcrs. 
 
 Free from shime 
 Thv caiitirc: I ensure the penal claim. 
 
 ■' ' Pope s Odysseu. 
 
 2. It is used with to before the captor. 
 
 If thou say Antony lives, 'lis well. 
 Or friends with Cffisar, or not cii/)tii'f to bim.fshak. 
 
 !\Iy mother, who the royal sceptre sway d, 
 Y\':i'.' cuptive to the cruel victor made. Vryden. 
 
 3. One charmed or ensnared by beauty 
 or excellence. 
 
 ]\Iy woman's heart 
 Grossly grew captm to his honey words. Shahesp. 
 
 Ca'ptive. adj. [captivtts, Lat.] Made 
 prisoner in war ; kept in bondage or 
 confinement, by whatever means. 
 
 But fate forbids ; the Stygian floods oppose, 
 And with nine circling streams the captive souls 
 inclose. It 
 
 To Ca'ptive. «). fl. [from the noun, it 
 was used formerly with the accent on 
 the last syllable, but now it is on the 
 first.] To take prisoner ; to bring into 
 a condition of servitude. 
 
 But being all defeated save a few. 
 Rather than fly, or be caplivd, herself she slew, 
 
 bpcuser. 
 
 Thou leavest them to hostile sword 
 Of heathen and profane, their carcasses 
 To dogs and fowls a i.rey , or else captiv d. Mdton. 
 
 What further fear of dancer can there be ? 
 Beauty, which captives all things, sets me tree. 
 
 ." Drydcn. 
 
 Still lay the "od ; the nymph surpris'd, 
 "i'et mistress of herself, devis'd 
 How she the vaerant might inthral, 
 Andriiplii'e hinTwhofapfiirsall. rnor. 
 
 Capti'vity. n. s. [captivite, irencn; 
 captivitas, low Latin.] 
 
 ]. Subjection by the fate of war ; bond- 
 age ; servitude to enemies. 
 
 This is the serjeant. 
 Who, like a good and hardy soldier, fought 
 'Gainst my capticitii. hhakcsp. 
 
 There in captivitii he lets them dwell _ 
 The space of seventy years ; then brings tliem 
 
 back ; --., 
 
 Rememb'ring mercy. Minmi. 
 
 The name of Orhiond will be more celebrated in 
 his captivity, than in his greatest triumphs. Dryd. 
 'i. Slavery ; servitude. 
 
 For men to be tied, and led by authority, as it 
 
 were with a kind of cii/)tiiiil« of judgment ; and 
 
 though there be reason to the contrary, not to 
 
 listen unto it. ^ ^^M'^''- 
 
 The aposile tells us, there is a way of bringing 
 
 every thought into captivity to the obedience of 
 
 Clirfst. Decay of Piety. 
 
 When love's well tim'd, 'tis not a fault to love ; 
 
 The strong, the brave, the virtuous, and the wise, 
 
 Sink in tlie soft captivity together. Addmn_ 
 
 Ca'ptor. n. s. [from capio to take, Lat.] 
 
 He that takes a prisoner, or a prize. 
 
 Ca'pture. v. s. [capture, Fr. captura, 
 
 Lat.] . 
 
 1. The act or practice of takmg any thnig. 
 The great sagacitv, and many artifices, u.sed by 
 
 birds, in the investigation and capture of their 
 prey. ""'""" 
 
 2. The thing taken ; a prize. 
 Capu'ched. adj. [from ciipuce, Fr. a 
 
 hood.] Covered oxer as with a hood. 
 
 They are differciuly cucullated and eapuclicd 
 
 npon the head and back ; and, in the cicada, the 
 
 eves are more prominent. Brou-n's T uigar Ln: 
 
 Capuchi'N. n. s. A female garment, 
 
 consisting of a cloak and hood, made m 
 
 imitation of the dress of capuchin monks, 
 
 whence its name is derived. 
 
 Car, Chak, in the names of places, 
 
 seem to have relation to the British caer 
 
 a city. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 Car. n. s. [car, Welsii ; J:arre, Dutch, 
 
 C]v.vr, Saxon ; carrtis, Latin.] 
 
 1. A small carriage of burden, usually 
 drawn by one horse or two. 
 
 When a lady comes in a coach to our slioi'S, it 
 must be followed by a car loaded with Woods 
 money. *"'/'■ 
 
 2. In poetical language, any vehicle of dig- 
 nity or splendour ; a chariot of war, or 
 triumph. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Henry is dead , and never shall rcTWe ; 
 Upon a'wooden coffin we attend, 
 And death's dishonourable victory. 
 We witb our stately presence glorify. 
 Like captives bound to a triumphant car. Sliak. 
 
 Wilt thou aspire to guide the heav'niv car. 
 And with thy daring folly burn the world ? Shak. 
 
 And the gilded car of d.ay, 
 His glowing axle doth allay 
 In the steep Atlantick stream. Miltcm. 
 
 See where be comes, the darling of the war ! 
 See millions crowding round the gilded car! Prior. 
 3. The Charles's wain, or Bear; a constel- 
 lation. 
 
 Ev'ry fi\t, and ev'ry wand'ring star. 
 The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Ncjrthern Car. Dryd. 
 
 arm. 
 
 iiie 1 leiaus, ii vavis, nii.-i ..".- -- — - - 
 
 Ca'rap-ine, y Ji. «. [carabine, Fr.] 
 
 Ca'Rbine. § small sort of fire 8 . 
 shorter than a fusil, and carrying a ball 
 of twenty-four in the pound, hung by 
 the light horse at a belt over the left 
 shoulder. It is a kind of medium be- 
 tween the pistol and the musket, having 
 its barrel two foot and a half long. 
 
 Carabini'ep. n. s. [from carabine.] 
 A sort of light horse carrying longer 
 carabines than the rest, and used some- 
 times on foot. Chambers. 
 
 Ca'rack. 71. s. [caraca, Spanish.] A 
 large Ship of burden ; the same with 
 those which are now called galleons. 
 
 In which river, the greatest carack of Portugal 
 may ride afloat ten miles within the forts.Ka(«g/i. 
 
 i'he biiJger whale like some huge carack lay. 
 Which wanteth sea-room with her foes to play. 
 
 Mailer. 
 
 Ca'racole. n. s. [caracole, Fr. from 
 caracol, Span . a snail.] An oblique ti-ead, 
 traced out in semi rounds, changing from 
 one hand to another, without observing 
 
 a regular ground. 
 
 When the horse advance to charge in battle, 
 thev ride sometimes in caracoles, to amuse tlw 
 ene'inv, and put them in doubt whether they are 
 about to charge them in the front or in the flank. 
 
 Farrier s Uict. 
 
 To Ca'racole. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 To move in caracoles. 
 Ca'RAT, 7 ,^_ ^ ^^^^.„f^ Yr.] 
 Caract. i . - . T T, 
 
 1. A weight of four grains, with which 
 diamonds are weighed. 
 
 2. A manner of expressing the fineness of 
 
 fiold. . ,..,,., 
 
 A mark, being an ounce Troy, is divided into 
 twenty-four equal parts, called cavacts, and each 
 caract into four grains : by this weight is distin- 
 cuished the difterenl fineness of their gold ; for if 
 to the finest of gold be put t«o cnracts of alloy, 
 both making, wfien cold, but an ounce, or twen y- 
 four caracts.ihen this gold is said to be twenty- 
 two cnrnets fine. 
 
 Thou best of gold, art worst of gold ; 
 Other, less fine in carat, is more precious, bhakisp. 
 
 CARAVA'N. n. s. [caravanne, tr. from 
 the Arabick.l A troop or body of mer- 
 chants or pilgrims, as they travel in the 
 
 East. , , 
 
 They set forth 
 Their .airy caravan, high over seas 
 Flying, and over lands, with mutual wing 
 
 ^^iX^;aiidtheBlcsse^^^»^: 
 the Galilean pilgrims. .'"J'"",- 
 
 Carava'nsary. U.S. [irom caravan.\ 
 A house built in the Eastern countries 
 for the reception of travellers. 
 
 2oS
 
 CAR' 
 
 The inns whicli receive tlie caravans in Persia, 
 and the Eastern countries, are called by the name 
 of caravansaries. Spectator. 
 
 The spacious mansion, lil<e a Turkish cararan- 
 sary, entertains the vagabond with only bare lodg- 
 ing. F'lpe's Letters. 
 
 Ca'ravel, \ n. s. [caravela, Span.] A 
 
 Carvel, j light, round, old-fashioned 
 ship, with a square poop, formerly used 
 in Spain and Portugal. 
 
 Ca'raway. n. s. [carum, Lat.] A plant; 
 sometimes found wild in rich moist pas- 
 tures, especially in Holland and Lin- 
 colnshire. The seeds are used in medi- 
 cine and confectionary. Miller. 
 
 CARBONA'DO. n. s. [carbonade, Fr. 
 from carbo a coal, Lat.] Meat cut 
 across, to be broiled upon the coals. 
 
 If I come in his way willingly, let him make a 
 carbonado of me. Shokesp. 
 
 To Carbona'do. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To cut or hack. 
 
 Draw, you rogue, or I'll so carbonado 
 Your shanks. Shakesp. 
 
 CARBUNCLE, n. s. [carbuticulus, Lat. 
 a little coal.] 
 
 1. A jewel shining in the dark, like a 
 lighted coal or candle. 
 
 A carbuncle entire, as big as thou art. 
 Were not so rich a jewel. Shakesp. 
 
 His head 
 Crested aloft, and carbuncle his eyes. 
 With burnish'd neck of verdant sold. Milton. 
 
 It is believed that ncarbuncle does shine in the 
 dark like a burning cole; from whence it hath its 
 name. _ Wilkins. 
 
 Carbuncle is a stone of the ruby kind, of a rich 
 blood-red colour. Woodieard. 
 
 2. Red spots or pimples breaking out upon 
 the face or body. 
 
 It was a pestilent fever, but there followed no 
 carbuncle, no purple or livid spots, or the like, the 
 mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon. 
 
 Red blisters rising on their paps appear. 
 And flaming carbuncles, and noisome sweat. Drytf. 
 
 Ca'rbuncled. adj. [&om carbuncle] 
 J. Set with carbuncles. 
 
 An armour all of gold ; it was a king's.— 
 — He has deserv'd it, were it carbuncled 
 Like holy Phojbus' car. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Spotted ; deformed with carbuncles. 
 Carbu'ncular. adj. [from carbuncle.] 
 Belonging to a carbuncle ; red like a 
 carbuncle. 
 Carbuncula'tion. n. s. [carbuncula- 
 tio, Lat.] The blasting of tlie young 
 buds of trees or plants, cither by exces- 
 sive heat or excessive cold. Harris. 
 Ca'rcanet. n. s. [carcaii, Fr.] A chain 
 or collar of jewels. 
 
 Say that I linger'd with you at your shop, 
 
 To see the making of iier carcunet. Shakesp. 
 
 I have seen her beset and bedect all over with 
 
 emeralds and pearls, and a carcanet about her neck. 
 
 Hakewiil on Providence. 
 
 Ca'rcass. n. s. [carquassc, Fr.] 
 
 1. A dead body of any animal. 
 
 To blot the honour of the dead, 
 And with fowl co^ardise his carcass shame. 
 Whose living hands immortaliz'd his n-dmc. Spensci-. 
 
 Where cattle pastur'd late, now scatter'd lies, 
 \\ ith carcasses and arms, the insanguin'd field. 
 Deserted. _ _ Milton. 
 
 If a man visits his sick friend in hope of legacy, 
 he is a vulture, and only waits for the carcass. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 ^The scaly nations of the sea profound, 
 Uke shipwreck'd carcasses, are driven aground. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 2. Body : in a ludicrous sense. 
 
 CAR 
 
 To-day how many would have given their ho- 
 nours 
 To 've sav'd their carca.'ises ! .Shakesp. 
 
 He that finds himself in any distress, either of 
 carcfws or of fortiuie, should deliberate upon the 
 matter before he prays for a change. Ul'.stran^e. 
 
 3. The decayed parts of any thing j the 
 ruins ; the remains. 
 
 A rotten carcass of a boat, not rigg'd, 
 Nor tackle, sail, nor mast. Shakesp. 
 
 4. The main parts, naked, without com- 
 pletion or ornament ; as, the walls of a 
 house. 
 
 What could be thought a sulKcient motive to 
 have had an eternal carcass of an universe, where- 
 in the materials and positions of it w ere eternally 
 laid together ? Hale's Origin of I\hnikin(l. 
 
 6. [In gunnery.] A kind of bomb, usually 
 oblong, consisting of a shell or case, some- 
 times of iron with holes, more common- 
 ly of a coarse strong stuff, pitched over 
 and girt with iron hoops, filled with com- 
 bustibles, and thrown from a mortar. 
 
 Hai'ris. 
 
 Ca'rcelage. n.s. [from career, Lat.] 
 Prison fees. Did. 
 
 CAIiCINO'MA. n. s. [from xafxr*©- a 
 crab.] A particular ulcer, called a can- 
 cer, very difficult to cure. A disorder 
 likewise in the horny coat of the eye, is 
 thus called. Quincy. 
 
 Carcino'matous. udj. [from carcino- 
 ma.] Cancerous ; tending to a cancer. 
 
 CARD. n. s. [carte, Fr. charta, Lat.] 
 
 1. A paper painted with figures, used in 
 games of chance or skill. 
 
 A \cngeance on your crafty wither'd hide ! 
 Yet I have fac'd it with a card of ten. Shakesp. 
 
 Soon as she sjireads her hand, til' aerial guard 
 Descend, and sit on eacli important can/ ; 
 First, Ariel perch'd upon a raatadore. Pope. 
 
 2. The paper on which the winds are 
 marked under the mariner's needle. 
 
 Upon his cards and compasss 6rius his eye. 
 The masters of his long experiment. Spenser. 
 
 The very points they blow ; 
 All Ihe quarters that they know, 
 I' th' sliipman's card. Shakesp. 
 
 How absolute the knave is ! we must speak by 
 the card, or equivocation will undo us. Shakesjy. 
 
 On life's vast ocean diversely we sail. 
 Reason the card, but passion is the gale. Pope. 
 
 3. [kaardf, Dutch.] The instrument with 
 whicli wool is combed, or comminuted, 
 or broken for spinning. 
 
 To Card. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 comb, or comminute wool with a piece 
 of wood, thick set with crooked wires. 
 
 The while their wives do sit 
 Beside them, carding wool. _ May's Virgil. 
 
 Go, card and spin. 
 And leave the business of the war to men. Dryd. 
 
 To Card. v. n. To game ; to play much 
 at cards : as, a carding wife. 
 
 CARD A. MO' MUM. n.s. [Latin.] A 
 medicinal seed, of the aromatic kind, 
 contained in pods, and brought from 
 the East-Indies. Chambers. 
 
 Ca'rder. n. s. [from card.] 
 
 1. One that cards wool. 
 The clothiers all have put off 
 
 Tlie spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers. Shakesp. 
 
 2. One that plays much at cards. 
 Cardi'acal. \adj. [xafj.a the heart.] 
 Car'diack. J Cordial ; having the qua- 
 lity of invigorating the spirits. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Ca'rdi ALGY. n. s. [from it»f Ji* the heart, 
 and a.\y^ pain.] 
 
 The heart-burn ; a pain supposed to be felt in 
 the heart, but more properly ui tlie stomach, which 
 Konietinies rises all along from thence up to the 
 (Esophagus, occasioned by some acrimonious mat- 
 ter. Quirirt;. 
 
 CARDINAL, adj. [cardinalis, Lat^] 
 Principal ; chief. 
 
 The divisions of the year in frequent use with 
 
 astronomers, according to the cardinal iiilerstc- 
 
 tions of tlie zodiack ; tliat is, the twoe<juinoctial» 
 
 and both the solstitial points. hrmcn. 
 
 His cardinal perfection was industry. Ciareiuiun. 
 
 Ca'rdinal. 71. s. One of the chief go- 
 vernors of the Romish church, by whom 
 the pope is elected out of their own num- 
 ber, which contains six bishops, fifty 
 priests, and fourteen deacons, who con- 
 stitute the sacred college, and are chosen 
 by the pope. 
 
 A cardinal is so stiled, because serviceable to 
 the apustolick see, as an axle or hinge on which 
 the whole government of the church turns : or as 
 they have, from the pope's grant, the hinge and 
 government of the Romish church. AyliJJ'e. 
 
 You hold a fair assembly ; 
 You are a churchman, or I'll tell you, cardinal, 
 I should judge now unhappily. Sliakcsjt. 
 
 Cardinal's flower, n. s. [rapunti- 
 um, Lat.] A flower. 
 
 The species are, 1. Greater tampions, with a 
 crimson sjiiked flower, roininonly called the scar- 
 let cardinal's fioicer. 2. The Itluc cardinal's fioucr. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Ca'rdinalate. In.s. [{rom cardinal.] 
 Ca'rdinalship. 3 The office and rank 
 
 of a cardinal. 
 
 An ingenious cavalier, hearing that an old 
 friend of his was advanced to a cardinalate, went 
 to congratulate his eminence upon his new honour. 
 
 L']^trang€. 
 
 Ca'rdmaker. n.s. [from carrf and ;««A-c.] 
 A maker of cards. 
 
 Am not I Christophero SIv, by occupation a 
 cardmoker ? Shak. Taming of' the Shreic. 
 
 Ca'rdjiatch. n.s. [from car rf and ma/cA.] 
 A match made by dipping pieces ot 
 card in melted sulpliur. 
 
 Take care, that those may not make tlie most 
 noise who have the least to sell ; w hich is very 
 observable in the venders of cardmatchct. Addison. 
 
 CA'RDUUS. See Thistle. 
 CARE. n. s. [cajie, Saxon.] 
 i. Solicitude; anxiety; pertui-bation of 
 rnind ; concern. 
 
 Or, if I would take care, that care should be 
 For wit that scum'd the world, and liv'd like me. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Not sullen discontent, nor anxious care, 
 Ev'n though brought thither, could inhabit tlurc. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 Raise in your soul the greatest care of fulAiling 
 the divine will. ]l'akes Preparationfor Death. 
 
 2. Caution; often in the phrase,/o hare a care. 
 ^'^'ell, sweet .Tack, haie a care of thyself. Shah. 
 The foolish virgins had taken no care for a fur- 
 ther supply, after the oil, which was at first put 
 into their lamps, was spent, as the wise had dune. 
 
 Tiilotson. 
 
 Begone '. the priest expects you at the altar.— 
 
 Bui, Tyrant. Jim cci cure I come iiot thither. I'fti7ij«. 
 
 3. Regard ; charge ; heed in order to pro- 
 tection and preservation. 
 
 If we believe that there isa God, thattakes core 
 of us, and we be careful to please him, tliis cannot 
 but be a mighty comfort to us. _ Tillotscn. 
 
 4. It is a loose and vague word, implying 
 attention or inclination, in any degree 
 more or less : it is commonly used in the 
 phrase, to take care. 
 
 C63
 
 CAR 
 
 You come in such a time, 
 As if prupitious fortuin? took a care 
 T'> swell my tide oi joys to their full heiplit.IJri/rf. 
 We take care to flatUT ourselves with imaginary 
 scenes and prospects of future happiness. Atterb. 
 
 5. The object of care, of caution, or of 
 
 love. 
 
 O my pour kingdom, sick witli civil blows 
 ^^■heI^lllat my care could not witliuld thy riots, 
 What wilt thou do when riot is tliy care ? Shah. 
 
 Flush'd were his cheeks, and glowing were his 
 eyes ; 
 Is she thy care? is slic tliy care? he cries. Dri/tl. 
 
 Your safety, more than mine, was then my care : 
 Lest of the guide hereft, the rudder lost, 
 Your ship should run aqain the rocky coast. Dry. 
 
 The wily fox, 
 ■\^ ho lately filch'd the turkey* 's callow care. Gay. 
 
 None tauf^ht the trees a nobler race to bear, 
 Or more improvM tlie vegetable care. Pope. 
 
 To Care. v. n. [from the nouni] 
 
 1. To be anxious or solicitous ; to be in 
 concern about any thing. 
 
 She cared not what pain she put her body to, 
 since the belter part, her mind, was laid under so 
 much agony. Sidneij. 
 
 As the Germans, both in language and man- 
 ners, differed from the Hftn^arians, so were they 
 always at vjiriance with them ; and therefore much 
 carednot, though they were by him subdued. 
 
 KmMes's Historij of the Turhs. 
 
 Well, on my terms thou wilt not he my heir ; 
 If tliou car'st little, less shall be m^' care. Dryden. 
 
 2. To be inclined ; to be disposed : with 
 for before nouns, or to before verbs. 
 
 Not caring to observe the wind. 
 Or the new sea explore. JValler. 
 
 The remarks are introduced by a compliment 
 to the works <if an author, who, I am sure, would 
 not care _ybr being praised at the expense of an- 
 other's reputation. Addison. 
 
 Having bL'en now acquainted, the two sexes did 
 not care to j)art. Addison. 
 
 Great masters in painting never carc^ar drawing 
 people in the fasldon. Spectator. 
 
 3. To be affected with ; to have regard 
 to : with for. 
 
 You doat on her that cares not for your love. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 There was an ape that iiad twins ; she doated 
 upon one of them, and did not much care for 
 t' other. L'Estrange. 
 
 Where few are rich, few care ^br it ; where many 
 are so, many desire it. Temple. 
 
 Ca'recrazed. adj, [from co7'e and 
 craze.] Broken with care and solicitude. 
 
 The^e both put off, a poor petitioner, 
 A carecraz'd mother of many children. Shakesp. 
 
 To Care'en. r. ff. [cariner, Fr. from 
 carina, Lat. A term in the sea lan- 
 guage.] To lay a vessel on one side, to 
 calk, slop up leaks, refit, or trim the 
 other side. Chambers. 
 
 To Care'en. r. «. To be in the state of 
 careening. ^ 
 
 CARE'ER. n. s. [cai-nei-e, Fr.] 
 
 1. The ground on which a race is run; 
 
 the length of a course. 
 
 The^' had run themselves too far out of breath, 
 to go back again the same care&r. Sidney. 
 
 2. A course ; a race= 
 
 What rein can hold licentious wickedness, 
 W hen down the hill he holds his fierce career? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Height of speed ; swift motion. 
 
 It is related of certain Indians, that they are able 
 when a horse is running in his full career, to stand 
 ypright on bis back. Witkins. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Practise them now to curb the taming ste^d, 
 Mocking the foe ; now to his rapid speed 
 To give tlie rein, and, in the full career. 
 To draw the certain sword, or send the pointed 
 
 spear. 
 
 Friar. 
 
 4. Course of action ; uninterrupted pro- 
 cedure. 
 
 Shall quips and sentences, and these paper 
 bullets of the brain, awe a man from the career of 
 his humour ? ^ Shakesp. 
 
 The heir nf a blasted family has rose up, and 
 promised fair, and yet at length a cross event has 
 certainly met and stopt him in the career of his 
 fortune. South. 
 
 Kniphls in knightly deeds should persevere. 
 And still contiriue what at first they were ; 
 Continue, and proceed in honour's fair career. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Care'er. r. k. [from the noun.] To 
 run with swift motion. 
 
 With eyes, the wheels 
 Of beryl, and careering fires between. Milton. 
 
 Ca'reful. adj. [from care and /«//.] 
 
 1. Anxious; solicitous; full of concern. 
 
 The piteous maiden, careful, comfortless, 
 Does throw out thrilling shrieks and shrieking 
 cries. Spenser. 
 
 Martlia, thou art carefid, and troubled about 
 many thintis. _ Locke. 
 
 WeIcom^, thou pleasing slumber ; 
 Awhile embrace me in thy leaden arms. 
 And charm my cartful thoughts. Denham. 
 
 2. Provident; diligent; v/ith of or for. 
 
 Behold, thou liast been careful for us with all 
 this care ; what is to be done for thee ? 2 Kings. 
 
 To cure their mad ambition, tliey were sent 
 To rule a distant province, each alone : 
 What could a careful father more have done ? 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 3. Watchful ; cautious ; with of 
 
 It conceriiS us to be careful of our conversations. 
 
 Ray. 
 
 4. Subject to perturbations ; exposed to 
 troubles ; full of anxiety ; full of solici- 
 tude. • 
 
 By him that raisM me to this careful heiglit, 
 From that contented hap which 1 enjoj'd. Shak. 
 
 Ca'refully. adv. [from careful.] 
 
 1. In a manner tliat shews care. 
 
 Envy, how carefully does it look ! how meapre 
 and ill-coraplexioned ! Collier, 
 
 2. HeedfuUy ; watchfully ; vigilantly ; at- 
 tentively. 
 
 Vou come most carefully upon your hour. Shak. 
 
 By considering liim so carefully as I did before 
 niy attempt, I liave raade some faint resemblance 
 of him. Dryden. 
 
 All of them, therefore, studiously cherished the 
 memory of their lionourable extraction, and care- 
 fully preserved tlie evidences of it. Atterb. 
 
 3. Providently. 
 
 4. Cautiously. 
 
 Ca'refulness. n. s. [from careful.] 
 Viijilance ; heedfulness ; caution. 
 
 The death of Selymus was, with all carefulness, 
 concealed by Ferhatts. Anolles. 
 
 Ca'kelesly. adv. [from carchss.] Neg- 
 ligently ; inattentively ; without care ; 
 heedlessly. 
 
 There he him found all carelessly display 'H, 
 In secret shadow from the sunny ray. i"'. Quten, 
 
 Not content to see 
 That others write as carelessly as he. Waller. 
 
 Ca'relesness. n. s. [from careless.] 
 Heedlesness ; inattention ;, negligence; 
 absence of care ; manner void of care. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Por Coriolanus neither to care whetlicr they 
 love or hate him, manifests the true knowledge he 
 has in their disposition, and, out of his noble 
 carelessness, lets tliem plainly see it. Shakesp* 
 
 Who, in the other extreme, only doth 
 Call a rough carclesness good fashion ; 
 Whose cloak bis spurs tear, or whom he spits or, 
 He cares not. Donne. 
 
 It makes us to walk warily, and tread sure, for 
 fear of our enemies ; and that is better than to be 
 flattered into pride and carelesness. Taylor. 
 
 The ignorance or carelesness of the servants can 
 hardly leave the master disappointed. Tempie. 
 
 I who at some times spend, at others spare, 
 Divided between carelesness and care. Popt, 
 
 Ca'reless. adj. [from care.\ 
 
 1 . Having no care ; feeling no solicitude ; 
 unconcerned ; negligent ; inattentive; 
 heedless ; regardless ; thoughtless ; ne- 
 glectful ; unheeding; unthinking; un- 
 mindfid : with of or about. 
 
 Knowing that if the worst befal them, thvj 
 shall lose nothing but themselves ; whereof' thej 
 seem very careless. Spenser. 
 
 Nor lose the good advantage of his grace, 
 By seeming cold, or careless of his will. Shakesp. 
 
 A woman, the more curious she is about her 
 face, is commonly the more careless about her 
 Iiouse. Ben Jonson. 
 
 A fatlier, unnaturally careless of his child, sells 
 or gives him to another man. Locke. 
 
 2. Cheerful ; undisturbed. 
 
 Thus wisely careless, innocently gay. 
 Cheerful he play'd. Pope. 
 
 In my cheerful morn of life. 
 When nurs'd b}' careless solitude T liv'd. 
 And sung of nature with unceasing joy, 
 Pleas'd have I wander'd through your rough do- 
 main, Thomson. 
 
 3. Unheeded ; thoughtless ; unconsidered. 
 
 The freedom of saying as many careless things 
 as other people, without being so severely re- 
 marked upon. Pope. 
 
 4. Unmoved by ; unconcerned at. 
 
 Careless of thunder from the clouds that break. 
 My only omens from your looks I take. Granv. 
 
 To CARE'SS. V. a. [caresser, Fr. from 
 
 carus, Lat.] To endear ; to fondle ; to 
 
 treat with kindness. 
 
 If I can feast, and please, and caress my mind 
 with the pleasures of worthy speculations, or vir- 
 taous practises, let greatness and malice vex and 
 abridge me, if they can. South. 
 
 Care'ss. n,s. [from the verb.] An act 
 of endearment ; an expression of ten- 
 derness. 
 
 He, she knew, would intermix 
 Grateful digressions, and solve high dispute 
 Willi conjugal cartsses. Milton. 
 
 There are some men who seem to have brutal 
 minds wrapt up in human shapes ; their very ca- 
 resses are crude and importune. L' Estrange. 
 
 After his successor had publickly owned him- 
 self a Roman catholick, he began with his first 
 caresses to the church party. Swift. 
 
 CARET, n. s. \cartt, Lat. there is want- 
 ing.] A note which shews where some- 
 thing interlined should be read, 
 
 CA'RGASON. n. s. [carga^on. Span.] 
 A cargo. Not used. 
 
 Ca'rgo. 71. s. [charge, Fr.] The lading 
 
 of a ship ; the merchandise or wares 
 
 contained or conveyed in a ship. 
 
 In the hurry of the shipwreck, Simonides was 
 the only man that appeared unconcerned, not- 
 withstanding that bis whole fortune was at stake 
 in the cargo. L'Estrang*. 
 
 264
 
 CAR 
 
 A ship whose cargo was no less than a whole 
 world, that carried the fortune and hopes of all 
 posterity. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 This gentleman was then a young adventurer 
 in the repuhlic of letters, and just fitted out for 
 the university with a good cargo of Latin and 
 Greek. Addison. 
 
 Ca'ricous Tumour, [from cai-ica a fig, 
 Lat. [A swelling in the form of a fig. 
 
 Ca'ricatura. n.s. Exaggerated resem- 
 blance in drawings. 
 
 CARIES, n.s. [Latin.] That rotten- 
 ness, which is peculiar to a bone. Quiiict/. 
 Fistulas of a long continuance, are, for the most 
 part, accompanied with ulcerations of the gland, 
 and caries in the hone. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Cario'sity. n. s. [from carious.] Rot- 
 tenness. 
 
 This is too general, taking in all cariosity and 
 
 ulcers of the bones. Wiseman's Surga-y. 
 
 Ca'rious. adj. [cariosus, Lat.] Rotten. 
 
 I discovered the blood to arise by a carious 
 
 tooth. Wiseman. 
 
 Cark. n. s. [ceaj^c, Saxon.] Care ; 
 
 anxiety; solicitude; concern; heedful- 
 
 ness. This word is now obsolete. 
 
 And Klaius taking for his younelhigs carh, 
 Lest greedy eyes to them might challenge lay. 
 Busy with oker did their shoulders mark. Sidney. 
 
 He down did lay 
 His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser. 
 To Cark. v. n. [ceaj-ican, Saxon.] To 
 be careful ; to be solicitous ; to be anxi- 
 ous. It is now very little used, and 
 always in an ill sense. 
 
 I do find what a blessing is chanced to my life, 
 from such muddy abundance of corking agonies, 
 to stales wliich still be adherent. ^ Sidney. 
 
 What can be vainer, than to lavish out our lives 
 in the search of trifies, and to lie carkin^ for the 
 unprofitable goods of thii world ? UEstrange. 
 
 Notliing can supersede our own carkings and 
 contrivances for ourselves, but the assurance that 
 God cares for us. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Carle, w. s. [ceopl, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . A mean, rude, rough, brutal man. We 
 now use churl. 
 
 The carle beheld, and saw his guest 
 Would safe depart, for all his subtile sleight. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Answer, thou carle, and judge this riddle right, 
 I'll frankly own thee for a cunning wight. 
 
 Gay s Pastorals. 
 
 The editor was a covetous carle, and would have 
 
 his pearls of the highest price. Bentley. 
 
 2. A kind of hemp. 
 
 The fmble to spin and the carl for her seed. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 Ca'rline thistle, [carlina, Lat.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 Ca'rlings. n. s. [In a ship.] Timbers 
 lying fore and aft, along from one beam 
 to another ; on these the ledges rest, on 
 which the planks of the deck are made 
 fast. Harris. 
 
 Ca'rman, n.s. [from caj" and waH.] A 
 man whose employment it is to drive 
 cars. 
 
 If the strong cane support thy walking hand. 
 Chairmen no longer shall the wall command ; 
 E'en sturdy carmen shall thy nod obey. 
 And rattling coaclies stop to make thee way. 
 
 Gay's Trivia. 
 
 Carmelite, n. s. [carmdite, Fr.] A 
 
 sort of pear. 
 Carmi'native. adj. [supposed to be so 
 
 called, as having vim carminis, the 
 
 power of a charm.] 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carminatives are such things as dilute and relax 
 at the same time, because wind occasionsa spasm, 
 or convulsion, in some parts. Whatever pro- 
 motes insensible perspiration, 'is carminative ; for 
 wind is perspirable matter retained in the body. 
 Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 Carminative and diuretick 
 Will damp all passion syiii|'!ithetick. Suift. 
 
 Ca'rm 1 N E. U.S. A bright red or crimson 
 colour, bordering on purple, used by 
 painters in mini.iture. It is the n)ost 
 valuable product of the cochineal mas- 
 tick, of an excessive price. Cliamb. 
 Ca'rnage. n. s. [carnage, Fr. from 
 
 caro, (amis, Lat. 
 1. Slaughter; havock; massacre. 
 
 He brought the king's forces upon them rather 
 as to carnage than to light, insomuch as, without 
 any great loss or danger to themselves, the great- 
 est part of the seditious were slain. Uayicard. 
 •2. Heaps of flesh. 
 
 Such a scent I draw 
 Of carnage, prey innumerable ! and taste 
 The savour of death from all things there that 
 live. Mi/(mi. 
 
 His ample maw with human carnage fill'd, 
 A milky acluge next the giant sw ill'd Pope. 
 
 CA'RNAL. adj. [carnal, Fr. carnalis, 
 low Lat.] 
 
 1. Fleshly; not spiritual. 
 
 Thou dost justly require us to submit our un- 
 derstandings to thine, and deny our carnal reason, 
 in order to thy sacred mysteries and commands. 
 
 King Charles. 
 From that pretence 
 Spiritual laws by carnal pow'r shall force 
 On every conscience. _ Milton. 
 
 Not such in carnal pleasure : for which cause, 
 Among the beasts no mate for thee was found. 
 
 Milton. 
 A glorious apparition ! had not doubt, 
 And carnal fear, that day dimm'd Adam's eve. 
 
 Milton. 
 He perceives plainly, that his appetite to spiri- 
 tual things abates, in proportion as his sensual ap- 
 petite is indulged and encouraged ; and that canwi 
 desires kill not only the desire, but even the 
 power, of tasting purer deliglits. Atterhury. 
 
 2. Lustful ; lecherous ; libidinous. 
 
 This carnal cur 
 Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shakesp. 
 
 Carna'lity. n. s. [from carnal.] 
 
 1. Fleshly lust; compliance with ca»nal 
 desires. 
 
 If godly, why do they wallow and sleep in all 
 the cania'/ities o"f the world, under pretence of 
 christian liberty ? South. 
 
 2. Crossness of mind. 
 
 He did not institute this way of worship, but 
 because of the carnality of their hearts, and the 
 proneness of that people to idolatry. Tillotson. 
 Ca'rnally. adv. [from carnal.] Ac- 
 cording to the flesh ; not spiritually. 
 
 \\'here they found men in diet, attire, furni- 
 ture of housed or any other way observers of civi- 
 lity and decent order, such they reproved, as be- 
 ing carnaltu and earthly minded. Hooker. 
 
 In the sacrament we'do not receive Christ car- 
 naltu, but we receive him spiritualli/ ; and that of 
 itself is a conjugation of blessings and spiritual 
 graces. " Taylor s Worthi] Communicant. 
 
 Ca'rnalness. n. s. The same with 
 carnality. Diet. 
 
 Carna'tion. n. s. [cames, Lat.] . The 
 name of the natural flesh colour, from 
 whence perhaps the flo«cr is named; 
 the name of a flower. 
 
 And lo the wretch ! whose vile, whose insect lust 
 Laid this gay daughter of the spring in dust : 
 O punish him ! or to the Elysian shades 
 Dismiss my soul, where no'canialioii fades. Pope. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carne'lion. n. s. A precious stone. 
 
 The common carnelian has its name from iU 
 flesh colour ; which is, in some of these stonet, 
 paler, when it is called the female carw/ion ; in 
 others deeper, called the male. Woodvard. 
 
 Ca'rneous. flrf/. [rarnfM.s, Lat.] Fleshy. 
 
 Ill a calf, the umbilical vessels terminate in cer- 
 tain bodies, divided into a multitude of cameont 
 papilla;. ^o."- 
 
 To Ca'rnify. r. n. [from caro, carnis, 
 Lat,] To breed flesh; to turn nutri- 
 ment into flesh. 
 
 At the same time I think, I deliberate, 1 pur- 
 pose, I command : in inferiour faculties, I walk, 
 I see, I hear, I digest, I saiiguify, I comi/y. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Ca'rnival. n. s. [carnaval, Fr.] The 
 feast held in the popish countries before 
 Lent ; a time of luxurj'. 
 
 The whole year is but one mad carnival, and we 
 are voluptuous not so much upon desire or appe- 
 tite, as by way of exjiloit and bravery. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Carni'vorous. adj. [from carnis and 
 voro.] Flesh-eating ; that of which 
 flesh is the proper food. 
 
 In birds there is nf mastication or comminution 
 of the meat in the mouth ; but in such as are not 
 carnivorous, it is immediately swallowed into the 
 crop or craw. Ray onthe Creation. 
 
 Man is by his frame, as well as his appetite, a 
 carnivorous animal, Arbuthnot on AlimenU. 
 
 Carno'sity. n.s. [carnosile.Fr.] Fleshy 
 excrescence. 
 
 By this method, and by this course of diet, 
 with sudorificks, the ulcers are healed, and that 
 camosity resolved. I* iseman. 
 
 Ca'rnols. adj. [(torn caro, carnis, Lat.] 
 
 Fleshy. 
 
 The first or outward part is a thick and commi* 
 covering, like that of a walnut ; the second, a drv 
 and flosculous coat, comnionlv called mace. 
 
 Brou-n's Vulgar Erroari. 
 The muscle whereby he is enabled to draw him- 
 self together, the acadcmists describe to be a 
 distinct cornous muscle extended to the ear. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Ca'rob, or St. Johns Bread, [soliqua, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 A tree very common in Spain, and in some 
 parts of Italy, where it produces a great quantity 
 of long, fiat, brown-coloured pods, which are 
 thick, mealy, and of a sweetish taste. "These 
 pods are eaten by the poorer inhabitants. Miller. 
 
 Caro'che. n. s. [i\om carossc, Fr.] A 
 coach ; a carriage of pleasure. It is 
 used in the comedy of Albumazar, but 
 now it is obsolete. 
 
 CA'ROL. n. s. [carola, Ital. from cho- 
 reoltt, Lat.] 
 
 1. A song of joy and exultation. 
 
 And let the Graces dance unto the rest. 
 For they can do it best : 
 The whiles the maidens do their carol sing, 
 To which the woods shall answer, and their echo 
 jini. Spenser's Epithalamium. 
 
 Even in the old Testament, if you listen to 
 David's harp, you shall hear as many hearse-hke 
 airs as carols. Bactm. 
 
 Oppos'd to her, on t'other side advance 
 The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. 
 Minstrels' and niusick, poetry and play, 
 And balls by night, and tournaments by d»y. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 2. A song of devotion. 
 
 No night is now with hymn or carol blest 
 
 = SItakesp. 
 
 Thev gladly thiilwr haste ; and, by a choir 
 Of iquadron'd angels, hear his cono/ sung. MUt. 
 
 M m 265
 
 CAR 
 
 3. A song 111 general. 
 
 The carol tliey began that hour, 
 How that a life was but a flower. Shakesp. 
 
 To Ca'rol. v.n. [carolare, Ital.] to sing; 
 to warble ; to sing in joy and festivity. 
 Hark, how the cheerful birds do chant their 
 
 And caroioflovc's praise. Spenser. 
 
 This done, she sung, and caroU d out so clear. 
 That men and angels might rejoice to hear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Hov'ring swans, their throats releas'd 
 From native silence, caroi sounds harmonious. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To Carol, v. a. To praise; to celebrate 
 
 in song. 
 
 She with precious viol'd liauors heals. 
 For which the shepherds at their festivals 
 Coroi her goodness loud in rustick lavs. MMnn. 
 
 Carotid, adj. [carotides, I^t.] I wo 
 arteries which arise out of the ascend- 
 ing trunk of the aorta, near where the 
 subclavian arteries arise. 
 
 The carotid, vertebral, and snlcnick arteries, 
 are not onlv variouslj contorted, but also here 
 and there dilated, to moderate the motion of tlie 
 l,loo(]_ Ray on the treatum. 
 
 Caro'Usal. w. s. [from carouse. It seems 
 more properly pronounced with the ac- 
 cent upon the second syllable ; but Dry- 
 den accents it on the first.] A festival. 
 
 This eavue, these carousals Ascanius taught, 
 .\nd building Alba to the Latins brought. Vryd. 
 
 To CAROUSE. V. n. [carottsscr, Fr. from 
 <rar ausz all out, Germ.] To drink ; to 
 quaff; to drink largely. 
 
 He calls for wine, a health, qnoth he, as if 
 H'ad been aboard carousing to his mates 
 After a storm. ,^ ^ ■Shaken 
 
 Learn with how little life may be preserv d. 
 In gold and myrrh they need not to carouse. 
 ° J - Raleigh. 
 
 Now hats fly off", and youths cnrniise. 
 Healths first go round, and then the liouse. 
 The brides came thick and thick. buckling. 
 
 Under the shadow of friendly boughs 
 They sit corousiiig, where their liquor Rtows. 
 
 To Caro'use. v. a. To drink up lavishly. 
 
 Now my sick fool, Ilodcrigo, 
 Whom love hath turn'd almost the wrong side out, 
 To Desdemona hath to-night carousd 
 Potations pottle dee]). Shakesp. 
 
 Our cheerful guests carouse the sparkling tears , 
 Of the rich grape, whilst musick charms their 
 ears. Denham. 
 
 Caro'use. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A drinking match. 
 
 Waste in wild riot what your land allowi, 
 There ply the early feast and late carouse, fope. 
 
 2. A hearty dose of liquor. 
 He had so many eves watching over him, as 
 
 he could not drink a full carouse of sack, but the 
 state was advertised thereof within few hours 
 ^l^^ Davics on Irelatid. 
 
 Please you, we may contrive this afternoon, 
 And quafl carouses to our mistress' health. Shakesp. 
 
 Caro'user. n. s. [from carouse.] A 
 drinker ; a toper. 
 
 The bold carouser, and advent'ring dame, 
 Nor fear the fever, nor refuse the flame ; 
 Safe in his skill, from all constraint set free 
 But conscious shame, remorse, and pietv. 
 
 uranvdle. 
 
 Carp. n. s. [carpe, Fr.] A pond fish. 
 A friend of mine stored a pond of three or four 
 acres with caiTS and tench. 
 
 Hale s Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To CARP. V. n. [carpo, Lat.] To cen- 
 sure ; to cavil ; to find fault : with at 
 before the thing or person censured. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Tertullian even often, through discontentment, 
 earpeth injuriously at them, as though they did it 
 even when they were free from such meaning. 
 
 Hooker. 
 This your all licenc'd fool 
 Does hourly corp and quarrel, breaking forth 
 Li rank an"d not to be endured riots. Hhakesp. 
 
 No, not a tooth or nail to scratch 
 And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert. 
 
 When I spoke. 
 My honest homely words were carp'd and censur d , 
 
 For want of cour'lly style. Dryden. 
 
 Ca'rpenter. m. s. [charpetitier, Fr.] 
 An artificer in wood ; a builder of houses 
 and ships. He is distinguished from a 
 joiner, as the carpenter performs larger 
 and stronger work. 
 
 This work performed with advisement good, 
 Godfrey his carpenters, and men of skill 
 In all tlie camp, sent to an aged wood. Fairfax. 
 
 In building Hiero's great ship, there were three 
 hundred cornenlers employed for a year together. 
 
 ll'i/Ztnis. 
 
 In burden'd vessels first with speedy care. 
 His plenteous stores do season'd timbers send ; 
 
 Thither the brawny ciji7icii(er.s repair, 
 And, as the surgeons of luaim'd ships, attend. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ca'RPENTRY. n. s. [from carpenter.] 
 The trade or art of a carpenter. 
 
 It had been more proper for me to have intro- 
 duced carpentry before joinery, because necessity 
 did doubtless "compel our forefathers to use the 
 convcnieiicy of the first rather than the extrava- 
 gancy of the last. Morons Mechanical Exercises. 
 
 Ca'rper. n. s. [from To carp.] A 
 caviller ; a censorious man. 
 
 I have not these weeds. 
 By putting on the cunning of a carper. Shakesp. 
 CARPET, n. s. [karpei, Dutch.] 
 1 . A covering of various colours, spread 
 upon floors or tables. 
 
 Be the .lacks fair within, the Jills fair without, 
 carpets laid, and every thing in order ? Shakesp. 
 Against the wall, in the middle of the half pace, 
 is a chair placed before him, with a table and 
 carpet before it. Bacon 
 
 •2. Ground variegated with flowers, and 
 level and smooth. 
 
 Go, signify as much, while here we march 
 
 Upon the grassy carpet of this plain. Shakesp. 
 
 The carpet ground shall be with leaves o er- 
 
 spread, ... , , 
 
 And bouchs shall weave a cov ring for your head. 
 
 " Dryden. 
 
 3. Any thing variegated. 
 The whole dry land is, for the most part, covered 
 
 over with a lovely carpet of green grass, and other 
 herbs. . „ „ •'^'':''- 
 
 4. Carpet is used, proverbially, tor a state 
 of ease and luxury ; as, a carpet knight, 
 a knight that has never known the field, 
 and has recommended himself only at 
 
 table. 
 
 He is knight, dubbed with unbacked ranier, 
 and on carpet consideralion. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To be on the carpet [sur le tapis, Fr.] 
 is to be the subject of consideration ; an 
 affair in liand 
 
 To Carpet, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 spread with caqiets. 
 
 We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged 
 and carpeted under foot, without any degrees to 
 the state; he was set upon a low throne, richly 
 adorned, and a rich cloth of state over Ins head, 
 of blue sattin embroidered. Bacon. 
 
 The dry land we find every where naturally 
 can)f(ed over with grass, and other agreeable 
 wholesome plants. Derham. 
 
 Ca'rping. parlicip.adj. [from To carp.] 
 Captious; censorious. 
 
 CAR 
 
 No carping critick interrupts his praise, 
 No rival strives but for a second place. Granvillt. 
 
 Lay aside therefore a carping spirit, and read 
 evenan adversary with an honest design to find 
 out his true meaning ; do nut snatch at Utile lapses, 
 and appearances ot mistake. Watts. 
 
 Ca'rpingly. adv. [{rom carping.] Cap- 
 tiously ; censoriously. 
 
 We derive out of the Latin at second hand by 
 the French, and make good English, as in these 
 adveibs, carpingly, currently, actively, coloura- 
 bly. Camden's Remains. 
 
 Carpmeals. n.s. A kind of coarse cloth 
 made in the North of England. 
 
 Phillips World of Words. 
 
 CARPUS, n. s. [Latin.] Tlie wrist, so 
 named by anatomists, which is made up 
 of eight little bones, of different figures 
 and thickness, placed in two ranks, four 
 in each rank. They are strongly tied 
 too-ether by the ligaments which come 
 from the radius, and by the annulary 
 ligament. Quincy. 
 
 I fcmnd one of the bones of the caijus lying 
 loose in the wound. Wiseman's Surgay. 
 
 Ca'rrack. See Carack. 
 Ca'rrat. See Carat. 
 Ca'rraway. See Caraway. 
 
 Nay, you shall see mine orchard, where, in an 
 arbour, we will eat a last year's pippin of my own 
 grafting, with a dish of 'cairaways, and so forth ; 
 come, coushi, silence, and then to bed. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 Ca'rriage. n.s. [cariage, ¥r. baggage ; 
 
 from caiTi/.] 
 1. The act of carrying, or transporting, 
 or bearing any thing. 
 
 The unequal agitation of the winds, though 
 material to the can-iage of sounds farther ot less 
 way, vet do not confound the articulation. 
 
 •' •' Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 If it seem so strange to move this obelisk for so 
 
 little space, what may we think of the carnage of 
 
 it out of Egypt? Wiikins. 
 
 •2. Conquest ; acquisition. 
 
 Solvman resolved to besiege AHcnna, in good 
 hope "that, by the can-iage away of that, the other 
 cities would; without resistance, be yielded. 
 
 Knolles's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 3. Vehicle ; that in which any thing is 
 
 carried. 
 
 What horse or carnage can take up and beat 
 awav all the loppines of a branchy tree at once ? 
 
 4. The frame upon which cannon is 
 
 carrietl. 
 
 He commanded the great ordnance to be laid 
 upon carriages, which before lay bound in great 
 unwieldy timber, with rings fasti ned thereto, and 
 could not handsomely be removed to or fro. 
 
 Knolles's Hist, oj the Turks. 
 
 5. Behaviour ; personal manners. 
 
 Before his eyes he did cast a mist, by his own 
 insinuation, aii'd by the carriage of his youth, that 
 expressed a natural princely behaviour 
 
 "^ Bacoi! s Henrv VII. 
 
 Though in my face there's no atVected frown. 
 Nor in ray can^age a feign'd niceness shown, 
 I keep m"v honour still without a stain, i''"."*';- 
 
 Let them have ever so learned lectures of breed- 
 in" that which will most influence their carriage 
 will be the company they converse with, and the 
 fashion of those about them. hocke. 
 
 6. Conduct; me.tsures ; practices. 
 You may hurt yourself; nay, utterly 
 
 Grow from the king's acquaintance, by this car- 
 riage. ^ Shakesp. 
 He advised the new governour to have so niucn 
 discretion in his carriage, that there might be no 
 noUce taken in the exercise of his religion. Clarend. 
 
 I 
 
 266
 
 CAR 
 
 7. Management ; manner of transacting. 
 Not used. 
 
 The manner of cai-riage of the business, was as 
 if there had been secret inquisilioi. upon bim. 
 
 Bacm's Henry \ II. 
 
 Ca'rrier. 71. s. [from To carry.] 
 
 1. One who carries something. 
 
 You must distinguish between the motion of 
 the air, which is bvit a v€hiculum causte, a carrier 
 of the sounds, and the sounds conveyed. 
 
 Bacon's Natural Historii- 
 
 For winds, when homeward they return, will 
 
 The loaded carrieis from their eveninghive. Uriid. 
 
 2. One wliose profession or traJe is to 
 carry goods for others. 
 
 I have rather made it my choice to transcribe 
 all, than to venture the loss of my ori^nals by 
 post or carrier. Pierce s Letters. 
 
 The roads are crowded with carrifrs, laden with 
 rich manufactures. ^ Swift. 
 
 3. A messenger ; one who carries a mes- 
 sage. 
 
 The welcome news is in the letter found ; 
 The carrier's not comraission'd to expound ; 
 It speaks itself. Dryden's Religio Laid. 
 
 4. The name of a species of pigeons, so 
 called from the reported practice of 
 some nations, who send them with let- 
 ters tied to their necks, which they 
 carry to the place where they were bred, 
 however remote. 
 
 There are tame and wild pigeons ; and of tame 
 there are croppers, carriers, runts. Waiton's Angler. 
 CARRION. M. s. [charogncy Fr.] 
 
 1. The carcase of something not proper 
 for food. 
 
 They did eat the dead carrions, and one another 
 snon after ; insomuch that the very carcases they 
 scraped out of their graves. Spemer on lrelan(l. 
 
 U is I, 
 That, lying by the violet in the sun, 
 Do as the carrityii does, not as tlie flower. Shak. 
 
 This foul deed shall smell above the earth, 
 With carrion nien groaning for burial. 
 
 Shakes}^. Julius Casar. 
 
 Vou'U ask me why 1 rath*^r choose to have 
 A weight of currit'wflesh, tlmn to receive 
 Three thuusaud ducats. Shakesp. Moch. of Venice. 
 
 Ravens are seen in tlocks wliere a cui"'-io?t lies, 
 and wolves in herds to run down a deei. Trmple. 
 
 Sheep, nxen, horses fall ; and heap'd on high, 
 The dilT'ring species in confusion lie ; 
 Till, warn'fTby fietjuent ills, the way they found 
 To lodge their loathsome carrion unticr ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Criticks, as they are birds of prey, have ever 
 a natural inclination to corriim. Pope. 
 
 2. Any flesh so corrupted as not lo be fit 
 for food. 
 
 Not all that pride that makes thee swell. 
 As bie as thou dost blown-up veal ; 
 Nor all thy tricks and slights to cheat. 
 Sell all thv carrion for good meat. Hutlibras. 
 
 The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. 
 Yet scarce enuugh their hunger to supply, 
 For love has made me carrion ere I die. Dryden. 
 
 S. A name of reproach for a worthless 
 
 woman. 
 
 Shall we send that foolish cairion, Mrs. Quickly, 
 to him, and excuse his throwing into the water r* 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'rrion. adj. [from the substantive.] 
 Relating to carcases ; feeding upon car- 
 cases. 
 
 Match to match 1 have encounter'd liim, 
 And made a prey for carrion kites and crows, 
 Ev'u of the boiiliy beasts he lov'd so well. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Tlie charitj' of our death-bed visits from one 
 another, is much at a rate with tliat of a caiTion 
 crow to a slieep ; we smell a carcnss. UEstrange. 
 
 CAR 
 
 CAHROT. n. s. [carote, Fr. daucus, 
 Lat.] An esculent root. 
 
 Carroll, though garden roots, yet they do well 
 in the fields for seed. Mortimer. 
 
 His spouse orders the sack to be immediately 
 opened, and greedily pulls out of it half a dozen 
 bunches of carrois. Dennis. 
 
 Ca'rrotiness. n. s. [from carroty.] 
 Redness of hair. 
 
 Ca'rroty. adj. [from carrot.] Spoken 
 of red hair, on accomit of its resem- 
 blance in colour to carrots. 
 
 Ca'rrows. n. s. [an Irish word.] 
 
 The carrous are a kind of neople that_ wander 
 up and down to gentlemen's houses, living only 
 upon cards and dice ; who, though they have 
 little or nothing of their own, yet will they plav 
 for much money. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 To CA'RRY. r. a. \chariei; Fr. from 
 cvrrus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To convey /row a place: opposed to 
 bring, or convey to a place : often with 
 a particle, signifying departure, as away, 
 
 off- 
 
 When he dieth, he shall carry nothing aimv. 
 
 Psalm xlis. 18. 
 
 And devout men carried Stephen to his burial. 
 Acts, viii. 2. 
 
 I mean to carry her avcay this evening by the 
 help of these two soldiers. Dryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 As in a hive's vimineous dome. 
 Ten thousand bees enjoy their home ; 
 Each does her studious action vary. 
 
 To go and come, to fetch and carry. 
 
 Pria. 
 
 ago and -- -- 
 
 iTiey exposed their goods with the price marked, 
 tlien retired, the merchants came, left tlie price 
 which thev would give upon the goods, and re- 
 tired ; the Seres retuniing, carried o^' either their 
 goods or money, as they Uked best. Arbuthnct. 
 
 2. To transport. 
 
 They began to carry about in beds those that 
 were skk. Mark, vi. 55. 
 
 The species of audibles seem to be carried more 
 manifestly through the air, than the species of 
 visibles. £<ici7n. 
 
 Where many great ordnance are shot oil toge- 
 ther, the sound will be carried, at the least, 
 twenty miles upon the land. Bacon. 
 
 3. To bear ; to have about one. 
 
 Do not take out bones like surgeons I have met 
 with, «ho caiTu them about in their pockets. 
 
 It'isemon's Surgery. 
 
 i- To take ; to have with one. 
 
 If the ideas of liberty and volition were cairied 
 along with us in our liiinds, a great part of the 
 difficulties that perplex men's thoughts would be 
 easier resolved. Locke. 
 
 I have listened with my utmost attention for 
 half an hour to an orator, without being able to 
 carrv away one single sentence out of a whole 
 sermon. Swijt. 
 
 5. To convey by force. 
 
 Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet ; 
 Take all his company along with him. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry 1\ . 
 
 6. To effect any thing. 
 
 There are some vain persons, that whatsoever 
 goeth alone, or mcveth upon greater means, if 
 •iiey have never so little hand in it, they think it 
 is tlicv that carry it. Bacon. 
 
 Oft-times we lose the occasion of carrying a 
 business well tlioroughly by our too much haste. 
 Ben Jonsons Discorery. 
 
 Tnese advantages will be of no effect ; unless 
 we improve them'^to words, in the carrying of our 
 main point. Addison. 
 
 7. To gain in competition. 
 
 And hardly shall I carry out my side, 
 Her husband beiiis alive." Shakesp. K'ln^Lear. 
 
 How many stan3 for consulships ? -Three, 
 
 they say ; But it is thought of every one Corio- 
 lanus will carry it. " Shakespeare. 
 
 CAR 
 
 I see not yet how any of these six reasons can 
 be faiilj avoided ; ana yet if any of them hold 
 good, It is enough to corry the cause. Saundenan. 
 
 The latter still enjoying his place, and continu- 
 ing a joint commissioner of the treasury, still op- 
 posed, and commonly carried away every thing 
 against hira. Clarendon. 
 
 8. To gain after resistance. 
 
 The count woos your daughter. 
 Lays down his wanton siege before her beauty ; 
 Resolves to carrif her ; let her consent. 
 As we'll direct her now, 'lis best to bear it. iAak. 
 What a fortune does the tliick lips owe. 
 If he can carry her thus ? Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 The town was distressed, and r<'ady for an as- 
 sault, which, if it had been given, would have 
 cost much blood ; but yet the town would have 
 been corned in the end. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 9. To gain : with it ; that is, to prevaD. 
 [le porter, Fr.] 
 
 Are you all resolv'd to give your voices ? 
 But that's no matter ; tlie greater part curries if. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Py these, and the like arts, they promised 
 themselves that tliey should easily carry it ; so that 
 they entertained the house all Uie morning with 
 other debates. Clarendon. 
 
 If the numerousncss of a train must carry if, 
 virtue may go follow Aslrsea, and vice only will 
 be worth the courting. GlanvilU. 
 
 Children, who live together, often strive for 
 mastery, whose wills shall carry it over the rest. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 In pleasures and pains, the present is apt tn 
 carrij it, and those at a distance have the disad- 
 vantage in the comparison. Locke. 
 
 10. To bear out; to face through ; with 
 
 it. 
 
 If a man carries it off, there is so much money 
 saved ; and if he be detected, there will be some- 
 thing pleasant in the frolick. L'Lstrange. 
 
 1. To continue external appearance. 
 
 My niece is already in the belief that he's mad : 
 we may carry it thus for our pleasure and ins 
 penance. SioJie^ , 
 
 12. To manage ; to transact. 
 
 The senate is generally as numerous as our house 
 of commons ; and yet carries its resolutions so 
 privately, that they are seldom known. 
 
 .iddison on Italy. 
 
 13. To behave ; to conduct ; with the re- 
 ciprocal pronoun. 
 
 Neglect not also the examples of those that have 
 carried themselves ill in tlie same place. Bacon. 
 
 He attended the king into Scotland, where he 
 did carry himself with much singular sweetness 
 and temper. Wotton. 
 
 He carrit'd himsi If so insolently in the house, 
 and out of the house, to all persons, that he be- 
 came odious. Clarendon. 
 
 14. Sometimes with it ; as, she carries it 
 
 high. 
 
 15. To bring forward ; to advance in any 
 progress. 
 
 It is not to be imagined how far constancy will 
 can-y a man ; however, it is better walking slowly 
 in a rugged way, than to break a leg and be a 
 cripple. Locke. 
 
 ■This plain natural way, without grammar, can 
 carry them to great elegancy and politeness in 
 their language. Locke. 
 
 There is no vice which mankind carries to such 
 wild extremes, as that of avarice. Su-ift. 
 
 16. To urge ; to be.ar forward with some 
 kind of external impulse. 
 
 3Ieii are stronslv carried out to, and hardly took 
 off from, the practice of vice. SjHtA. 
 
 He that the world, or flesh, or devil, can rorrv 
 away from the profession of an obedience to 
 Christ, is no son of the faithful Abraham. 
 
 Hammond's Practical Catechism. 
 
 Ill nature, passion, and revenge, will com/ them 
 too far in punishing others ; and therefore God 
 
 267
 
 CAR 
 
 hath certainly appointed government to restrain 
 the partiality and violence of men. Locke. 
 
 17. To heaV ; to have ; to obtain. 
 
 In soniL- vegetables, we see sotnetliing that car- 
 ries a kind of analogy to sense ; they contract their 
 leaves against tlie cold ; they open iheni to tht 
 favourable heat. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 18. To exhibit to show; to display on 
 the outside ; to set to view. 
 
 The aspect of every one in the family carries s( 
 much satisfaction, that it appears he knows his 
 hajjpy lot. Addison 
 
 19. To imply; to import. 
 
 It can-its too great an imputation of ignorance, 
 lightness, or folly, for men to quit and renounce 
 their former tenets, presently, upon the offer of 
 an argument which they cannot immediately 
 answer. Locke. 
 
 20. To contain ; to comprise. 
 
 He thought it cairied something of argument 
 in it, to piove that doctrine. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 2 1 . To have annexed ; to have any thing 
 joined: "with tlie paiticleu^iVA. 
 
 There was a rigliteous and a searching law, di- 
 rectly forbidding such practices ; and tney knew 
 that it carried uith it the divine stamp. South. 
 
 There are many expressions, which carry u^it/i 
 them to my mind no clear ideas. Locke. 
 
 The obvious portions of extension, that affect 
 our senses, carry with them into the mind the idea 
 uf finite. " Locke. 
 
 22. To convey or bear any thing united 
 or adhering, by communication of mo- 
 tion. 
 
 We see also manifestly, that sounds are carried 
 with wind ; and therefore sounds wilt be heard 
 further with the wind than against the wind. 
 
 Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 23. To move or continue any thing in a 
 certain direction. 
 
 His chimney is carried up through the whole 
 rock, 50 that you see the sky through it, notwith- 
 standing the rooms lie very deep. Addison on Italy. 
 
 21. To push on ideas, arguments, or any 
 thing successive in a train. 
 
 Manethcs, that wrote of tlie Egyptians, hath 
 carried up their govemmenf to an incredible dis- 
 tance. Hale's Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 25. To receive; to endure: not in use. 
 
 Some have in readiness so many odd stories, as 
 there is nothing but they can wrap it into a tale, 
 to make others carni it with more pleasure. Bacon. 
 
 26. To convey by means of something 
 supporting. 
 
 Carry camojnile, or wild thyme, or the green 
 strawberry, upon sticks, as you do hops upon 
 poles. Bacon '5 Nat. Hist. 
 
 27. To bear, as trees. 
 
 Set them a reasonable deptli, and they will carry 
 more shoots upon the stem. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 28. To fetch and bring, as dogs. 
 
 Young whelps learn easily to carry; young 
 popinjays learu quickly to speak. 
 
 Aschani's Schoolmaster. 
 
 29. To carry off. To kill. 
 
 Old Parr lived to one hundred and fifty-three 
 years of ago, and miglit have gone further, if the 
 change of air !iad not canned him off'. Temple. 
 
 30. To carry on. To promote; to help 
 forward. 
 
 It carnt's on tlie same design that is promoted 
 by authors of a graver turn, and only does it in 
 another manner. Addison. 
 
 31. To carry on. To continue: to put 
 forward from one stage to another. 
 
 By the administration of grace, begun by our 
 blessed Saviour, earned on by his disciples, and to 
 be completed by their successours to the world's 
 end, all types that darkened this faith are en- 
 lightened. Spratt. 
 
 CAR 
 
 ^jieas's settlement in Italy was carried ,-. 
 through all the oppositions in his way to it, both 
 by sea and land. Addison 
 
 32. To carry on. To prosecute ; not to 
 let cease. 
 
 France will not consent to furnish us with mo- 
 ney sufficient to carrif on the war. Temple. 
 
 33. To carry through. . To support ; to 
 keep from falHng, or being conquered. 
 
 That grace will curry ii» if we do not wilfully 
 betray our succours, victoriously through all diffi- 
 culties. Hammond. 
 
 To Ca'ury. v. w. 
 
 1. A hare is said by hunters to carry , 
 when she runs on rotten ground, or on 
 frost, and it sticks to her feet, 
 
 2. A horse is said to carry welly when his 
 neck is arched, and he holds his head 
 liigh; but when his neck is short, and 
 ill-shaped, and he lowers his head, he 
 is said to carry loiv. 
 
 Ca'rry-tale. n. s. [from carry and 
 tale.l A talebearer. 
 Some ca>-ry-ta/e, some pleaseraan, some slight 
 zany, 
 Told our intents before. Shak. Love's Labour Lost. 
 
 CART. n. s. See Car. [cfiter, cpat. 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. A carriage in general. 
 
 The Scythians are described by Herodotus to 
 lodge always in carts, and to feed upon the milk 
 of mares. Temple. 
 
 Triptoleraus, so sung the Nine, 
 Strew'd plenty from his can divine. Dryden. 
 
 2. A wheel-carriage, used commonly for 
 
 luggage. 
 
 Now while my friend, just ready to depart, 
 Was packing all his goods in one poor cart, 
 He stopp'd a little- " — ' ■ Dnjden's Juvenal. 
 
 3. A small carriage with two wheels, used 
 by husbandmen ; distinguished from a 
 waggon, Avhich has four wheels. 
 
 Alas ! what weights are these that load my lieart ! 
 I am as dull as winter starved sheep, 
 Tir'd as a jade in overladen cart. Sidney. 
 
 4. The vehicle in which criminals are 
 carried to execution. 
 
 The squire, vvhose good grace was to open the 
 scene, 
 Now fitted the halter, now travcrs'd the cart, 
 And often look leave, hut was loth to depart. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To Ca'rt. v. a. [from the noun.] To ex- 
 pose in a cart by way of punishment. 
 
 Uemocritus ne'er lau^hM so loud, 
 To see bawds carted llirough the crowd. Hudibras. 
 
 No woman led a better life : 
 She to intrigues was e'en hard-hearted ; 
 
 She chuckled when a bawd was carted ; 
 And thought tlie nallctn ne'er would thrive, 
 Till all the whores were burnt alive. Prior. 
 
 To Cart. v. n. To use carts for car- 
 riage. 
 
 Oxen are not so good for draught, wliere you 
 have occasion to cart much, but for winter plough- 
 ing. Mortimer. 
 
 Cart-horse, w. s. [from cart and 
 horse.] A coarse unwieldy liorse, fit 
 only for the cart. 
 
 It was determined tliat these sick and wo.unded 
 soldiers should be carried upon the cart-horses. 
 
 A noltes. 
 
 Cart-jade. w. s. [from cai'f and jade.] 
 A vile horse, fit only for the cart. 
 
 He came out with all his clowns, horsed upon 
 such cart-jades, so furnished, I thought if that 
 were thrift, I wislied none of my friends or sub- 
 jects ever to thrive. Stdneij. 
 
 Cart-load. n. s. [from carl and load.] 
 
 CAR 
 
 1. A quantity of any thing piled ona cart. 
 
 A cart-load of carrots appeared of darker colour, 
 when looked upon wliere the points were obverted 
 to the eve, than where the sides were so. Boylt. 
 
 Let Wood and his accomplices travel about a 
 country with cart-loads of their ware, and tee 
 who will take it. Suiji. 
 
 2. A quantity sufficient to load a cart. 
 Cart-rope. n. s. [from cart and 7ope.] 
 
 A strong cord used to fasten the load on 
 the carriage : proverbially any thick cord. 
 Cart-way, n. s. [from ccj-f and kj^^.] 
 A way through which a carriage may 
 conveniently travel. 
 
 Where your woods are large, it is best to have 
 a cart-way along the middle of them. 
 
 Mortimer*s Husbandry. 
 
 CARTE BLANCHE. [Fr.] A blank 
 paper ; a paper to be filled up with such 
 conditions as the person to whom it is 
 sent thinks proper. 
 
 Ca'rtel. 71. s. [cartelyVv. cartello,Jta\.] 
 
 1 . A writing containing for the most part, 
 stipulations between enemies. 
 
 As this discord among the sisterhood is likelv 
 to engage them in a long and lingering war, it is 
 the more necessary that there should be a cartel 
 settled among them. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. Anciently any publick paper. 
 
 They flatly disavouch 
 To yield him more obedience, or support ; 
 And as to perjur'd duke of Lancaster, 
 Their caHel of defiance, they prefer. 
 
 Daniel's Ciiil War. 
 
 Ca'rter. n. s. [from cai-t.] The man 
 who drives a cart, or whose trade it is 
 to drive a cart. 
 
 Let me be no assistant for a state, 
 But keep a farm, and carters. Shakesp. Hamkt 
 
 The Divine goorlness never fails, provided that 
 according to the advice of Hercules to the carter, 
 we put our own shoulder to the work. L'Estrange. 
 
 Carter and host coufnmted face to face. Dryden. 
 
 It is the prudence of a carter to put bells upon 
 liis liorses, to make them carry their burdens 
 cheerfully. Dryden's Dufresnoy. 
 
 CA'RTILAGE. n. s. [cartilago, Lat.] 
 A smooth and solid body, softer than a 
 bone, but harder than a ligament. In 
 it are no cavities or cells for containing 
 of marrow ; nor is it covered over with 
 any membrane to make it sensible, as the 
 bones are. The cartilages have a natu- 
 ral elasticity, by which, if they are forced 
 from their natural figure or situation, 
 they return to it of themselves, as soon 
 as that force is taken away, Quincy, 
 Canals, by degrees, are abolished, and grow 
 solid ; several of them united grow a membrane ; 
 these membranes further consolidated become car- 
 iilages, and curtilages bones. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Cartilagi'neous. )^ adj. [from carii- 
 Cartila'ginous. J lage.] Consisting 
 of cartilages. 
 
 By what artifice \he cartilagineous kind of fishes 
 poise themselves, ascend and descend at pleasure, 
 and continue in what depth of water they list, is 
 as yet unknowii. Ray. 
 
 Tlie larynx gives passage to the breath, and as 
 the breath passcth through the limula, makes a 
 vibration of those caHilaginous bodies, which 
 forms that breath into a vocal sound or voice. 
 
 Holder s Elements of Speech. 
 
 Carto'on. n.s. [ffli7o«f, Ital.] Apaint- 
 ing or drawing upon large paper. 
 
 It is with a vulgar idea that the world beholds 
 the cai'toons of Raphael, and every one feels his 
 share of [jleasure and entertainment M'atts's Log. 
 
 2G8
 
 CAR 
 
 Carto'uch. n.s. [cnrtouche, Fr.] 
 
 1. A case of wood three inches thick at 
 the bottom, girt round with marlin, and 
 holding forty-eight musket-balls, and 
 six or eight iron balls of a pound weight. 
 It is fired out of a hobit or small mortar, 
 and is proper for defending a pass. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 2. A portable box for charges. 
 Ca'rtrage. \ n. s. [cartouche, Fr.] A 
 Ca'rtridge. j case of paper or parch- 
 ment filled with gunpowder, used for 
 the greater expedition in charging guns. 
 
 Our monarch stands in person bj, 
 His new-cast cannons firmly to explore ; 
 
 The strength of big-corn'd powder loves to try, 
 And ball and cartrage sorts for every bore. Dryd. 
 
 Ca'RTRUT. n. s. [from cart and rut ; 
 route a way.] The track made by a 
 cart wheel. 
 
 Ca'rtulary. n. s. [from charta paper, 
 Lat.] A place where papers or records 
 are kept. 
 
 Cartwright. n. s. [from cart and 
 wright.'\ A maker of carts. 
 
 After local names, the most names have been 
 derived from occupations or professions ; as Tay- 
 lor, Potter, Smith, Cartwright. Camden's Remains. 
 
 To CARVE. V. a. [ceoppan, Sax. kerven, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. To cut wood, or stone, or other matter, 
 into elegant forms. 
 
 Taking the very refuse, he hath carved it dili- 
 gently when lie had nothing else to do. 
 
 Wisdom, xiii. 13. 
 Had Democrates really caned mount Athos 
 into a statue of Alexander the Great, and had the 
 memory of the fact been obliterated by some ac- 
 cident, who could afterwards have proved it im- 
 possible, but that it might casually have been ? 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 2. To cut meat at the table. 
 
 3. To make any thing by carving or cut- 
 ting. 
 
 Yet fearing idleness, the nurse of ill, 
 In sculpture exercis'd his happy skill ; 
 And carv'd in ivory such a raaid so fair. 
 As nature could not with his art compare, 
 Were she to work. Dryden. 
 
 4. To engrave. 
 
 O Rosalind these trees shall he my books. 
 And in their barks my thoughts I'll character ; 
 
 That every eye, which in this forest looks. 
 Shall see thy virtue witnessed every where. 
 
 Run, run, Orlando, can'e on every tree 
 
 The fair, the chaste, the unexpressive she. Shak. 
 
 5. To distribute ; to apportion ; to pro- 
 vide at will. 
 
 He hath been a keeper of his flocks both from 
 the violence of robbers and his own soldiers, who 
 could easily have carved themselves tlieir own 
 food. South. 
 
 How dares sinful dust and ashes invade the 
 prerogative of Providence, and carve out to him- 
 self the seasons and issues of life and death ? South. 
 
 The labourers' share, being seldom mure than a 
 bare subsistence, never allows that body of men 
 opportunity to struggle with the richeV, unless 
 when some common and great distress emboldens 
 them to cane to their wants. Locke. 
 
 6. To cut ; to hew. 
 
 Or they will buy liis sheep forth of the cote. 
 Or they will curie the shepherd's throat. 
 
 Spenstr's Pastorals. 
 
 Brave Macbeth, with his brandlsh'd steel. 
 Like valour's mijiion, carved out his passage. !^k. 
 
 To Carve, v.n. 
 
 1 . To exercise the trade of a sculptor. 
 
 CAS 
 
 2. To perform at table the office of sup- 
 plying the company from the dishes. 
 
 I do mean to make love to Ford's wife ; I spy 
 entertainment in her ; she discourses, she carves, 
 she gives the leer of invitation. 
 
 Shakesp. Mernj Wires of Windsor. 
 Well then, things handsomely were serv'd ; 
 My mistress for the strangers carv'd. Prior. 
 
 Carvel, n.s. A small ship. 
 
 I gave them order, if they found any Indians 
 there, to send in the little fly-boat, or the carte/, 
 into the river ; for, witli our great ships, we durst 
 not approach the coast. Raleigli. 
 
 Carver, n. s. [from carve.] 
 
 1. A sculptor. 
 
 All arts and artists Theseus could command. 
 Who sold for hire, or wrouiilit for better fame ; 
 The master painters and the careers came. Dryd. 
 
 2. He that cuts up the meat at the table. 
 Meanwhile thy indignation yet to raise. 
 
 The career, dancing round each dish, surveys 
 
 With flying knife, and, as his art directs, 
 
 With proper gestures ev'ry fowl dissects. Dryder.. 
 
 3. He that apportions or distributes at 
 will. 
 
 In this kind, to come in braving arms. 
 Be his own career, and cut out Ins way. 
 To find out right with wrongs it may not he. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard IT. 
 We are not the carvers of our own fortunes. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 Ca'rving. n. s. [from carve.] Sculp- 
 ture ; figures carved. 
 
 'I'hey can no more last like the ancients, than 
 excellent carvings in wood like those in marble and 
 brass. Temple. 
 
 The lids are ivy, grapes in clusters lurk 
 Beneath the carving of the curious work. Dry.Vir. 
 
 Caru'ncle. n. s. [caruncula, Lat.] A 
 small protuberance of flesh, either natu- 
 ral or morbid. 
 
 Caruncles are a sort of loose flesh arising in the 
 urethra by the erosion made by virulent acid 
 matter. Wiseman. 
 
 CARYATES. 1 n. s. [from Cari/a, a 
 CARYATIDES. J city taken by the 
 Greeks, who led away the women cap- 
 tives ; and, to perpetuate their slavery, 
 represented them in buildhigs as charg- 
 ed with burdens ] An order of columns 
 or pilasters, under the figures of women 
 dressed in long robes, serving to sup- 
 port entablatures. Chambers. 
 Casca'de. n. s. [cascade, Fr. cascata, 
 Ital. from cascare to fall.] A cataract ; 
 a water-fall. 
 
 Rivers diverted from their native course. 
 And bound with chains of artificial force, 
 From large cascades in pleasing tumult roll'd. 
 Or rose through figur'd stone, or breathing golil. 
 
 Prior. 
 The river Teverone throws itself down a preci- 
 pice, and falls by several cascades from one rock 
 to another, till itgains the bottom of the valley. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 CASE. n. «. [caisse, Fr. a box.] 
 1. Something that covers or contains any 
 thing else ; a covering ; a box ; a sheath. 
 
 O cleave, my sides ! 
 Heart, once be stronger than thy ctffitinent. 
 Crack thy frail case. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 Each tliought was visible that roll'd within. 
 As through a crystal case the figur'd hours are seen. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Other caterpillars ]iroduced maggots, that im- 
 mediatclv made themselves up in case.<. 
 
 Kav oti the Creation. 
 'I'he body is but a case to this vehicle. 
 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 Just then Clarissa drew, with tempting grace, 
 I A two edg'd weapon from her shining case. Pope. 
 
 (; A s 
 
 2. The outer part of a house or build- 
 ing. 
 
 'I'he case of the holy house is nobly desipied, 
 and executed by great master*. Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. A building unfurnished. 
 
 He had a purpose likewise to raise, in the uiii- 
 Tersity, a faircuje for books, and to furnish it with 
 choice collections from all parts, at his own 
 charge. '^ otton. 
 
 Case-knife, n.s. [from ca^e and frmyi?. J 
 A large kitchen knife. 
 
 The king always acts with a great case-hi'ife 
 stuck in his girdle, which the lady snatches fro'm 
 him in the struggle, and so defends herself. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Case-shot. n.s. [^rom case and shot .] 
 Bullets inclosed in a case. 
 
 In each seven small brass and leather guns, 
 charged with case-shot. CLarendon. 
 
 CASE. n. s. [casus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Condition with regard to outward cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 Unworthy wretch, quoth he, of so great grace. 
 How dare I think such glory to attain ? 
 
 These that have it attain'd were in like coK, 
 Quoth lie, as wretched, and liv'd in like pain. 
 
 Fairy Queen, 
 Question your royal thoughts, make the case 
 yours ; 
 Be now a father, and propose a sou. Shak.Hen.W . 
 
 Some kiiew the face. 
 And all had heard the much lamented case. Dryd. 
 These were the circumstances under which the 
 Corinthians then were ; and the argument which 
 the apostle advances, is intended to reach their 
 particular caje. Atterbury. 
 
 My youth may be made, as it never fails m 
 executions, a case of compassion. 
 
 Pope's Preface to his Works. 
 
 2. State of things. 
 
 He saith, that if there can be found such tn 
 inequality between man and man, as between man 
 and beast, or between soul and body, it investeth 
 a right of government ; which seemeth rather an 
 impossible case, than an untrue sentence. Bacon. 
 
 Here was the case ; an army of English, wasted 
 and lired with a long winter's siege, engaged r.n 
 army of a greater number than themselves, fresli 
 and in vigour. Bacon. 
 
 I can but be a slave wherever I am ; so that 
 taken or not taken, 'tis all a case to me. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 They are excellent in order to certain ends ; lie 
 
 hath no need to use them, as the case now stands, 
 
 being provided for with the provision of an angel. 
 
 Taylor's Hoh Liling. 
 
 Your parents did not produce "you much into the 
 world, whereby you have fewer ill impressions ; 
 but they faile'd, as is generally the case, in too 
 much neglecting to cultivate your m'md. Stcift. 
 
 3. [In physick.] State of the body; state 
 of the disease. 
 
 It was well ; for we had rather met with calms 
 and contrary winds, than any tempests ; for our 
 sick w ere many, and in very ill case. Bacon. 
 
 Chalybeate water seems 'to be a proper remedy 
 in hypochondriacal cases. iriuthnot on .itimei::s. 
 
 4. History of a disease. 
 
 5. The state of fiicts juridically consi- 
 dered : as, the lawyers cited many cases 
 in their pleas. 
 
 If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to 
 call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, 
 let him study the lawyers cases : so e^^'V defect tf 
 the mind may have a special receipt. Bacon's E.<s. 
 
 C. In ludicrous language, condition with 
 regard to leanness or fat. Jn case, is 
 lusti/ or fat. 
 
 Thou Ivest, most ignorant monster, I am in 
 
 case to j\islle a constable. Shakesp- Tempest. 
 
 Pray have but patience till then, and when 1 
 
 am in little better case, I'll throw myself in the 
 
 very mouth of you. L'Estrange. 
 
 269
 
 CAS 
 
 Quoth Ralph, 1 sliould not, if I were 
 In case for action, iiuw be here. Hudihras. 
 
 For if the &ire be faint, or out of case, 
 He will be cop\*d in his faraish'd race. Dry. Virg. 
 
 Tlic priest vv'as pretty well in case, 
 Anrt shew'd some humour in his face j 
 Look'd with an easy careless niein, 
 A perfect stranger to the spleen. Swift. 
 
 7. Contingence; possible event. 
 
 The atheist, in case things should fall out con- 
 trary to his belief or expectation, hath made no 
 provision for this cose; if, contrary to his confi- 
 dence, it should prove in the issue, that there is a 
 god, the man is lost and undone forever. TUlotson. 
 
 8. Question relating to particular persons 
 or things'. 
 
 Well do I find each man most wise in his own 
 case. Sidneti- 
 
 It is strange that the ancient fathers should not 
 appeal to this judge, in all cases, it bein^ so short 
 and expedite a way for the ending of contro- 
 versies. Tiltotson. 
 
 9. Representation of any fact or question. 
 
 10. The variation of nouns. 
 
 The several changes which the noun undergoes 
 in tJie Latin and Greek tongues, in the several 
 numbers, are called cases, and arc designed to ex- 
 press the several views or relations under which 
 the mind considers things with regard to one an- 
 other ; and the variation of the noun for this pur- 
 pose is called declension. Clark's Lat. Gram. 
 
 11. In case, [in caso, Ital.] If it should 
 happen ; upon the supposition that : a 
 form of speech now little used. 
 
 For i/jcujc it be certain, hard it cannot be for 
 them to shew us where we shall find it; tliat we 
 may say these were the orders of the apostles. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 A sure retreat to Ins forces, in case the^- should 
 have an ill day, or unlucky chance in the field. 
 
 Bacons Henry VII. 
 
 This would be the accomplishment of their 
 common felicity, incase, either by their evil des- 
 tiny or advice, they suffered not the occasion to 
 be lost. Hayward, 
 
 To Case. r. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To put in a case or cover. 
 
 Case y*i, case ye ; on with jour vizours ; there's 
 money of the king's coming down the hill. 
 
 Shake^p. Henry IV. 
 The cry went once fur thee. 
 And still it might, and yet it may again, 
 If thou wou'dst not entomb thyself alive. 
 And case thy reputation in a lent. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilusand Cressida. 
 Like afall'ncedar, farditfus'd his train, 
 Ciis'd in green scales, the crocodile extends. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 2. To cover as a case. 
 
 Then comes my fit again ; I had else been per- 
 fect. 
 As broad and general as the casing air. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 3. To cover on the outside with materials 
 different from the inside. 
 
 Then they began to case their houses with 
 marble. Arhuthnot. 
 
 4. To strip off the covering ; to take off 
 the skin. 
 
 We'll make you some sport with the fox ere we 
 case liim. Shakesp. All's uell that ends netl. 
 
 To Case. v. n. To put cases; to contrive 
 representations of facts : a ludicrous 
 use. 
 
 They fell presently to reasonins and casing upon 
 the matter with him, and laying distinctions be- 
 fore liim. UEstrange. 
 
 To Caseha'rden. r. a. [from case and 
 hardenJ] To harden on the outside. 
 
 The manner of casehardening is tlius ; Take 
 cow horn or hoof, dry it thoroughly in an oven, 
 then beat it to powder ; put about the same quan- 
 tity of bay sail t<i it, and mingle them together 
 with stale Vhamberlve, or else wliite wine vinegar, 
 
 CAS 
 
 Lav some of this mixture upon loam, and cover 
 your iron ail over with it ; then wrap the loam 
 about all, and !ay it upon the hearth of the forge 
 to dry and harden. Put it into the fire, and blow 
 up the coals to it, till tlic whole lump have just 
 a blood-red heat. Moion's Median. Exercises. 
 
 Ca'semate. n. s. [casarmala,\ta\. casa- 
 mata. Span, a vault formerly made to 
 separate the platforms of the lower and 
 upper batteries.] 
 
 1. [In fortification.] A kind of vault or 
 arch of stone-work, in that part of the 
 flank of a bastion next the curtin, some- 
 what retired or drawn back towards the 
 capital of the bastion, serving as a bat- 
 tery to defend the face of the opposite 
 bastion, and the moat or ditch. Chamb. 
 
 2. The well, with its several subterrane- 
 ous branches, dug in the passage of the 
 bastion, till the miner is heard at work, 
 and air given to the mine. Harris. 
 
 Ca'sement. n. s. [casamento, Ital.] A 
 window opening upon hinges. 
 
 Whv then may you have a casement of the great 
 chamber window, where we play, open, and the 
 moon may shine in at the casement. 
 
 Shahcsp. Midsummer Night's Dream. 
 Here in this world they do much knowledge 
 read. 
 And are the casements which admit most light. 
 
 Dalies. 
 They, waken'd with the noise, did fly 
 From inward roon» to window eye. 
 And Ecntly op'uing lid, the casement. 
 Looked out, but yctwith some amazement. 
 
 Hudihras. 
 There is as much differetice between the clear 
 representations of the understanding then, and the 
 obscure discoveries that it makes now, as tliere is 
 between the prospect of a casement and a key- 
 hole. South. 
 Ca'seous. adj. [caseiis, Lat.] Resem- 
 bling cheese; cheesy. 
 
 Its fibrous parts are from the rasem/s parts of 
 the chyle. Flayer on the Humours. 
 
 Ca'sern. n. s. \casernv, Fr.] A little 
 room or lodgement erected between the 
 rampart and the houses of fortified towns, 
 to serve as apartments or lodgings for 
 the soldiers of the garrison, with beds. 
 
 Harris. 
 Ca'seworm. n.s. [from case and aiorm] 
 A grub that makes itself a case. 
 
 Cadises, or caseworms^ are to be found in this 
 nation, in several distinct counties, and in several 
 little brooks. Floyer. 
 
 CASH. H.s. [fffi.Mf, Fr. a chest.] Money; 
 properly ready money ; money in the 
 cliest, or at hand. 
 
 A thief, bent to unboard tlie cash 
 Of some rich burgher. Paradise Lost. 
 
 He is at an end of all liis cash, he has botli his 
 law and his daily bread now upon trust. 
 
 Arhnlhiwt's John Bull. 
 He sent the tliief, that stole the cash, away. 
 And punisird liim that put it in his way. Pope. 
 
 Ca'sh-keeper. 71. s. [from cash and 
 
 keep.] A «nan entrusted yvith the money. 
 
 Dispensator was i)roperly a cash-keeper, or 
 
 privy-purse. Arhuthnot onCoins. 
 
 Ca'shewn'UT. n. s. A tree that bears 
 nuts, not with shells, but husks. Miller. 
 
 Cashier, n.s. [(vomcash.] He that has 
 charge of the money. 
 
 If a steward or cashier he suffered to run on, 
 without bringing him to a reckoning, such a sot- 
 tish forbearance will teach him to shuffle. South. 
 
 A Venetian, linding his son's expences grow 
 
 CAS 
 
 very high, ordered his cashier to let him have no 
 more money than what he should count when he 
 received it. Loeke^ 
 
 Flight of cashiers, or mobs, he'll never mind ; 
 And knows no losses, while the muse is kind. Pope, 
 
 To Cashi'er. r. fl. [casstryFr, cassare, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To discard ; to dismiss from a post, or 
 a society, with reproach. 
 
 Does 't not go well .' Cassio hath beaten thee. 
 And thou by that small hurt hast cashier''d Cassio. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Seconds in factions many times prove princi- 
 pals ; but many times also they prove cyphers, 
 and are casJiiered. Bacon. 
 
 If I had omitted wliat he said, his thoughts 
 and words being thus coi'iiVred in my hands, he 
 had no longer been Lucretius. Dn^den. 
 
 They have already cashiered several of iheir 
 followers as mutineers. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 The ruling rogue, who dreads to be cashier d. 
 Contrives, as he is hated, to be feared. Suiji. 
 
 2, It seems, in the following passages, to 
 signify the same as to annul ; to vacate ; 
 which is sufficiently agreeable to tlie 
 derivation. 
 
 If we should find a father corrupting his son, 
 or a mother her daughter, we must charge this 
 upon a peculiar anomaly and baseness of nature ; 
 if the name of nature may be allowed to that 
 which seems to be utter cashiering of it, and de- 
 Tiation from, and a contradiction to, the common 
 principles of humanity. South. 
 
 Soxuecashicr, orat least endeavour to invalidate, 
 al! other a'gunients, and forbid us to hearken to 
 those proofs, as weak or fallacious. Locke. 
 
 Cask. ?i.s. [casque, Fr. cadus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A barrel ; a wooden vessel to stop up 
 
 liquor or provisions. 
 
 The patient turning himself abed, it makes a 
 fluctuating kind of noise, like the rumbling of 
 water in a cask. Harvey. 
 
 Perhaps to-morrow lie mav change Ins wine. 
 And drink old sparkling Alban, or Seline, 
 ^Vhosc title, and whose age, with mould o'er- 
 
 grown, 
 Tlie good old cask for ever keeps unknown. Dryd. 
 
 2. It has cask in a kind of plural sense, to 
 signify the commodity or provision of 
 casks. 
 
 Great inconveniencles grow by the bad cash be- 
 ins commonly so ill seasoned and conditioned, as 
 that a great part of the beer is ever lost and cast 
 awa3'. Raleigh. 
 
 Cask. \ n. s. [casqve, Fr. cassiSy Lat.] 
 Casque. / A helmet ; armour for the 
 head: a poetical word. 
 
 Let thy blows, doubly redoubled. 
 Fall like amazing thunder on the casque 
 Of tli^ pernicious enemy. Shakesp. 
 
 And these 
 Sling weighty stones, when from afar they ijght ; 
 Their casques are cork, a covering thick and lighu 
 
 Dry den. 
 A\*h3' does he load with darts 
 His trembling hands, and crush beneath a, cask 
 His wrinkled brows •: Addison. 
 
 Ca'sket. 71. s. [a diminutive of caisse a 
 chest, Fr. casse, cassette,'] A small box 
 or chest for jewelSj or things of parti- 
 cular \alue. 
 
 They found him dead, and cast into the streets, 
 An empty c«5/cd, where the jewel, life, 
 Bv some'damn'd hand was robb'd and ta'en away. 
 
 SJiakesp. 
 
 ignorant poor man! what dost thou bear 
 Lock'fi up within tlie casket of thy breast? 
 \Vhat jewels and what riches hast thou there? 
 What heav'nly treasure in so weak a chest ? Danes. 
 
 Mine eve hath found that sad sepulchral rock, 
 That was'the casket of heav'n's riciiest store. Milt. 
 
 That had by chance pack'd up his choicest trea- 
 sure 
 In one dear casket, and sav'd only that. Otu-ny. 
 
 270
 
 CAS 
 
 This coiket India's glowing geras unlocks, 
 And all Arabia breathes from yonder box. Pope 
 
 To Ca'sket. V. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 put in a casket. 
 I have Mfrit my letters, casketed my treasure. 
 
 and given order for our horses. Shakesp. 
 
 Cassamuna'ir. 71. s. An aromatick 
 
 vegetable, being a species of galangal, 
 
 brought from the East, a nervous and 
 
 stomachick simple. Quinci/. 
 
 7b Cass ATE. v. a. [casser,Yr. cassare, 
 
 low Lat.] To vacate ; to invalidate ; to 
 
 make void ; to nullify. 
 Tliis opinion supersedes and cassettes the best 
 
 medium we have. Jiay tm the Creation. 
 
 Cass.Vtion. n. s. [cassaiio, Lat.] A 
 
 making null or void. Did. 
 
 • Ca'ssavi. 1 U.S. A plant. It is now 
 
 Ca'ss.^da. j cultivated in all the warm 
 parts of America, where the root, after 
 being divested of its milky juice, is 
 ground to flour, and then made into 
 cakes of bread. Of this there are two 
 sorts. The most common has pm-plish 
 stalks, with the veins and leaves of a 
 purplish colour; but the stalks of the 
 other ai-e green, and the leaves of a 
 lighter green. The last sort is not 
 ^'enomous, even when the roots are fresh 
 and full of juice: which the negroes 
 frequently dig up, roast, and eat, like 
 potatoes, without an)' ill effects. Miller. 
 
 Ca'ssaware. See Cassiowary. 
 
 Ca'ssia. n. s. a sweet spice mentioned 
 by Moses, Ex. xxx. 24. as an ingre- 
 dient in the composition of the holy oil, 
 which was to be made use of in the con- 
 secration of the sacred vessels of the 
 tabernacle. This aromatick is said to 
 be the bark of a ti'ee very like cinna- 
 mon, and grows in the Indies without 
 being cultivated. Calmet. 
 
 All tiiy garments smell of myrrli, aloes, and 
 cassia. Pialm xlv. 8. 
 
 Cassia, n. s. The name of a tree. 
 
 It hath a cylindric.il, long, taper, or flat pod, 
 divided into many cells by transverse diaphragms, 
 in each of which is contained one hard seed, 
 lodged, for the most part, in a clanmiy black sub- 
 stance, which is purgative. The flowers have five 
 leaves, disposed orbicularly. Miller. 
 
 Ca'ssidony, or Stickadore. n.s. [stoe- 
 
 chas, Lat.] The name of a plant. 
 Ca'ssiowary. n.s. A large bii-d of prey 
 in the East Indies. 
 
 1 have a clear idea of the relation of dam and 
 chiclt, between the two cassimcaries in St. James's 
 Park. Locke. 
 
 Ca'ssock. n. s. [casnqrie, Fr.] A close 
 garment ; now generally that which 
 clergjTnen wear under their gowns. 
 
 Half dare not shake the snow from off their 
 cassocks, lest they shake themselves to pieces. 
 
 Shakt'sp. 
 
 His scanty salary compelled him to run deep in 
 debt for a new gown and cassock, and now and 
 then forced him to write some paper of wit or hu- 
 mour or preach a sermon for ten shillhigs, to 
 supply his necessities. Swift. 
 
 Ca'ssweed. n. s. A common weed, 
 otherwise called shepherd's pouch. 
 
 To CAST. t'. a. preter. cast ; particip. 
 pass. cast, \kaster, Danish.] This is a 
 
 CAS 
 
 word of multifarious and indefinite 
 use. 
 
 1. To throw with the hand. 
 
 I rather cliuse to endure the wounds of those 
 darts, which envy castetk at novelty, than to gn 
 on safely and sleepily in the easy ways of ancrent 
 mistakings. Raleigh. 
 
 They had corapassed in his host, and cast darts 
 at the people from morning till evening. 
 
 1 Mace. vii. 80. 
 Then cast thy sword away. 
 And yield thee to my mercy, or I strike. 
 
 Dryden and Lee. 
 
 2. To throw away, as useless or noxious. 
 
 If thy right hand offend thcc, cut it otf, and 
 cast it fpom thee. JVIa((/ieitJ. 
 
 3. To throw as from an engine. 
 
 Siidgs to cast stones. Chronicles. 
 
 4. To scatter by the hand: as, to Cfls^ seed. 
 
 Cast the dust into tlie brook. Deuteronomy. 
 
 5. To force by violence. 
 
 Cast thcin into the Red S^a. Hiodus. 
 
 Cast them into another land. Dcuteronomii. 
 
 0. To shed. 
 
 Nor shall yonr vine cast her fruit. MaUichy. 
 
 7. To throw from a high place. 
 
 Bear him to the rockTarpeian, and from thence 
 Into dcstrLictlou cast liiin. Shakesp. Coriolajius. 
 
 8. To throw as a net or snare. 
 
 1 speak for your own profit, uot that 1 11133' cast 
 a snare upon you. 1 Cor. vii. 35. 
 
 9. To drop ; to let fall. 
 
 They let down the boat into the sea, as though 
 they would Iiave cast anchor. Acts, xxvii. Jo. 
 
 10. To throw dice, or lots. 
 
 And Joshua cast lots for theni in Shiloh. 
 
 Joshua, xviii. 10. 
 
 11. To throw in wrestling. 
 
 And I think, being too strong for him, though 
 he took my legs sometime, yet I made a shift to 
 cast him. Shakesp. 
 
 12? To throw, as worthless or hateful. 
 
 His carcase was cast in the way. Chi'onicles. 
 
 His friends contend to embalm his body; his 
 enemies, that they may cast it to the dogs. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 13. To drive by violence of weather. 
 Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island. 
 
 Acts. 
 
 "What length of lands, what ocean have you 
 
 pass'cl, 
 
 What storms sustain'd, and on what shore been 
 
 cast? Dryden. 
 
 14. To emit. 
 
 This fumes off in the calcination of tne stone, 
 and casts a sulphureous smell. Woodivard. 
 
 15. To brins; suddenly or imexpectedly. 
 
 Content themselves w ith that wliich was the Ir- 
 remediable error of former time, or tlie necessity 
 of the present hath cast upon them. Hooker. 
 
 IG. To build by throwing up earth ; to 
 raise. 
 And shooting in the earth casts up a mount of 
 clay. Spenser s Fairij Queen. 
 
 Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee. 
 
 Luke. 
 The kiiic of Assyria shall not come into this 
 city, nor s^ioot an arrow there, nor come before it 
 with shield, nor cast a bank against it. 
 
 2 Kings, xix. 32. 
 
 At length Barbarossa havingcffrtup his trenches, 
 
 landed fifty-four pieces of artillery for battery. 
 
 KnoUes's History. 
 
 Earth-worms will come forth, and moles will 
 
 cast up more, and fleas bite more, against rain. 
 
 Bacon s Kat. Hist. 
 
 17. To put into or out of any certain state, 
 
 with the notion of descent, or depression : 
 
 as, the king was cast from his throne. 
 
 Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison. 
 
 Matthew. 
 At thy rebuke both the chariot and horse are 
 ca4t into a deep sleep. Psidm Ixxvi, 6. 
 
 CAS 
 
 18. To condemn in a criminal trial. 
 
 But oh, that treacherous breast ! tu whom weak 
 you 
 Did trust our counsels, and we both may rue. 
 Having his falsehood found too late, 'twas be- 
 That made me cast you guilty, and you me. Dfiinc. 
 
 \\g take up with the most incompetent wit- 
 nesses, nay, often suborn our own surmises and 
 jealousies, that we may be sure to cast the un- 
 liapiiy criminal. Uovcmment (f the Tongue. 
 
 He could not, in this forloni case, liave made 
 use of the very last plea of a cast criminal ; iior so 
 much as have cried, Mercy ! Lord, mercy ! South. 
 
 There then we met j both tried, and both were 
 cast -^ 
 And this irrevocable sentence past. Dryden^ 
 
 19. To overcome or defeat in a law suit. 
 
 [from caster, French.] 
 
 The northern men were agreed, and in effect 
 all the other, to cast our Loudon escheatour. 
 
 Camden's Hemains. 
 "Were (he case referred to any competent judge, 
 they would inevitably be cast. Decay of PUty. 
 •20. To defeat. 
 
 No martial project to surprise, 
 Can ever be attemj'tcd twice ; 
 Nor cast design serve afterwards, 
 As gamesters tear their losing cards. Iludibros. 
 
 21. To cashier. 
 
 You are butnowcffs( in his mood, a punishment 
 more in policy than in malice ; even so as one 
 would beat his offenceless dog, to atVright an im- 
 perious lion. Shakesp, 
 
 22. To leave behind in a race. 
 
 In short, so swiftyour judgments turn and wind. 
 
 You cast y OUT fleetest wits a mile behind. Dryd. 
 
 23. To shed; to let fall ; to lay aside; to 
 moult ; to change for new. 
 
 Our chariot lost her wheels, their points, our 
 spears. 
 The bird of conquest her chief feather corf. Fairf. 
 
 Of plants some are green all winter, others coiX 
 their leaves. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 The ca.'iting of the skin is, by the ancients, com- 
 
 Earedto the breaking; of the secundine, or caw I. 
 ut not rightly : for tliat were to make evciy cast- 
 ing of the s£in a new birth : and besides, the 
 secundine is but a general cover, not shaped ac- 
 cording to the parts, but the skin is shaped ac- 
 cording to the parts. The creatures that cast the 
 skin, are the snake, the viper, the grasshopper, 
 the lizard, the silkworm, &[c. Bacon. 
 
 O fertile head, which every year 
 
 Could such a crop of wonders bear ! 
 
 Which miiihl it never have been cast. 
 
 Each yearns growtli added to the last. 
 
 The lufty branches had supply'd 
 
 'J'he earth's bold sons prodigious pride. Waller. 
 
 The waving harvest bends beneath his blast. 
 The forest shakes, the groves their honours cast. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 From hence, my lord, and love, I thus conclude. 
 That though my homely ancestors were rude. 
 Mean as ram,"yet may I have the grace 
 To make you father of a generous race : 
 And noble then am I, when I begin, 
 In virtue cloth'd, to cast the rass of sin. Drt/rf. 
 
 The ladies have been in a kind of moultinc 
 season, having cast sreat quantities of ribbon an3 
 cambrick and reduced the human figure to the 
 beautiful globular form. Addison. 
 
 24. To lay aside, as fit to be used or worn 
 no longer. 
 
 So may cast poets write ; there's no pretension 
 To argue loss of wit, from loss of pension. Dryd. 
 
 He has ever been of opinion, that giving cast 
 clothes to be worn by valets, has a very ill effect 
 upon little minds. Addison. 
 
 25. To have abortions ; to bring forth 
 before the time. 
 
 Thy ewes and thy she-goats have not cast their 
 young. Genesis. 
 
 2e. To make to preponderate ; to decide 
 by overblancing ; to give overweight. 
 
 Which being inclined, not constrained, contain 
 within themselves the casting act, and a power to 
 command the conclusion. Brown's Vnlg. P-rr.
 
 CAS 
 
 How mucli interest casts tlie balance in cases 
 
 dubious. , . , 1 
 
 Life and dcatl. are equal in themselves 
 That which could cast the balance, is thy falshood. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 Not many years ago, it so liappened, that a 
 cobler bad the casting vote for the life of a crimi- 
 nal, which lie very graciously gave nn the merci- 
 ful side. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Suppose Your eyes sent equal fays 
 t'poll two distant"pots of ale ; 
 In Ibis sad state, your doubtful choice 
 Would never have the casting voice. i nor. 
 
 27. To compute ; to reckon ; to calculate. 
 Hearts, tongues, fgure, scribes, bards, poets, 
 cannot 
 Think, speak, cast, wrile, sing, number ho ! 
 His love to Antony. Makcsp 
 
 Here is now the smith s note for shoeing and 
 plow-irons.— Let it be cast and paid Hhalicsp. 
 
 You cast th' event of war, my noble Lord, 
 And summ'd the account of chance, before you 
 
 said, „ , 
 
 Let us make bead. ,.^ , Slml<J 
 
 The best way to represent to life the manifold 
 
 use of friendship, is to cast and see how many 
 
 thines there are, which a man cannot do himsclt. 
 
 * Bacon s Essays. 
 
 I have lately been casting in my thoughts the 
 
 several unhappinesses of lite, and comparing the 
 
 infelicities ot old age to those of infancy. Addison. 
 
 28. To contrive; to plan out. 
 The cloister facing the South is covered with 
 
 vines and would have been proper for an orange- 
 house ; and had, I doubt nut, been cast lor that 
 purpose, if this piece of gardening had been then 
 in as much vogue as it is now. _ I emfle. 
 
 29. To judge ; to consider m order to 
 judgement. 
 
 If thou couldst, doctor, cast 
 The water of my land, find her disease. 
 And purge it to a sound and pristine liealth, 
 I would applaud thee. .. Shakesp. 
 
 Peace, brother, be not over exquisite 
 To cast the fashion of uncertain evils. miton. 
 
 30. To fix the parts in a play. 
 Our parts in the other world will be new cast, 
 
 and mankind will be there ranged in different 
 stations of superiority. Addxson. 
 
 31. To glance ; to direct : applied to the 
 
 eye or mind. 
 
 A losel wandering by the way. 
 One that to bounty never cast his mind ; 
 Ne tliought of heaven ever did assay, 
 His baser breast. Spenser 
 
 Zelmaiienes's languishing countenance, with 
 crossed arms, and sometimes cast up eyes, she 
 tliought to have an excellent grace. Sidney. 
 
 As he past along, 
 How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me ! Shakesp. 
 
 Begin auspicious boy, to cast about 
 
 Thy infant eyes, and, with a smile, thy mother 
 
 single out. Drydcn's Virgil. 
 
 Far eastward cast thine eye, from whence the 
 
 sun, , 
 
 And orient science, at a birth begun. Pope s Uun. 
 
 He then led me to the rock, and, placing me on 
 
 the top of it. Cast thy eyes eastward, said he, 
 
 and tell me what thou seest. Addison. 
 
 32. To found ; to form by running in a 
 
 mould. 
 
 When any such curious work of silver is to be 
 cus(, as req'uires that the impression of hairs, or 
 very slender lines, be taken off by the metal, it 
 is not enough that the silver he barely melted, but 
 it must be kept a considerable while in a strong 
 fusion. , , ^, , ^ Boyle. 
 
 How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance rasf. 
 Instruct the artist. ^ . Waller. 
 
 The father's grief restrain'd his art ; 
 He twice essay d to riMt his sun in gold. 
 Twice from bis hands he dropp d the forming 
 mould. Dryden. 
 
 33. To melt metal into figures. 
 
 Yon' crowd, he might reflect, yon' jo_^ ful crowd 
 With restless rage would pull my statue down. 
 And cast the brass anew to his renown. Prim'. 
 
 CAS 
 
 This was but as a refiner's fire, to purge out the 
 dross, and Uien cast the mass again into a new 
 mould. Bnrnet s Theory. 
 
 34. To model ; to form by rule. 
 
 VVc may take a quarter of a mile for the com- 
 mon measure of the depth of the sea, if it were 
 cast into a channel of an equal depth every where. 
 Jiiiriitl's Theory of the Fjirth. 
 Under this influence, derived from mathema- 
 tical studies, some have been templed to CMt all 
 their logical, their melaphysical, and their theolo- 
 cical and moral learning into this method. 
 " H iitl.s s Logick. 
 
 3.5. To communicate by reflection or ema- 
 nation. 
 
 So bright a splendour, so divine a grace, 
 The olorTous Dauhnis casts on his illustrious race. 
 " Dryden. 
 
 We may happen to find a fairer light cast over 
 the same scriptures, and see reason to alter our 
 sentiments even in some points of moment. 
 
 Waits on the Mind. 
 
 36. To yield, or give up, tvithout reserve 
 or condition. 
 
 ■Jhe reason of mankind cannot suggest any 
 solid ground of satisfaction, but in making Ood 
 our friend, and in carrying a conscience so clear, 
 as may encourage us, with confidence, to cast 
 ourselves upon liim. South. 
 
 37. To inflict. 
 The world is apt to cast great blame on those 
 
 who have an indill'erency for opinions, espccia ly 
 in religion. . ^"S'"'- 
 
 38. To cast aside. To dismiss as useless 
 
 or inconvenient, 
 
 I have bought 
 Golden opinions from all sort of people. 
 Which would be worn now in their newest gloss. 
 Not cast aside so soon. Shakespeare. 
 
 39. To cast nwai/. To ship-wreck. 
 Sir Francis Drake, and John Thomas, meeting 
 
 with a storm, it thrust John Thomas upon the 
 islands to the South, where he was cast an-ay. 
 
 Raleigh' stssays. 
 
 His father Philip had, by like mishap, been like 
 
 to have been cast aanri; upon the coast of England. 
 
 Knolles's History of the Turks. 
 
 With pity moved for others cast away 
 
 On rocks of hope and fears. Roscommon. 
 
 But now our fears tempestuous grow. 
 
 And cast our hopes oicai/ ; 
 Whilst you, regardless of our woe, 
 
 Sit careless at a play. Dorset. 
 
 40. To cast away. To lavish ; to -waste 
 in profusion ; to turn to no use. 
 
 They that want nieaJii to nourish children will 
 abstain from marriage ; or, which is all one, they 
 cast airav their bodies upon rich old women. 
 
 Raleigh s Essays. 
 France, hast thou yet more blood to castawa'y? 
 Say, shall the current of our right run on ? 
 
 ■^ Shakesp. 
 
 He might be silent, and not cast away 
 His sentences in vain. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Marcia, O my sister ! still there's hope. 
 Our father will not cast away a. life 
 So needful to us all, and to" his country. 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 41. To cast away. To ruin. 
 
 It is no impossible thing for states, by an over- 
 sight in some one act or treaty between them and 
 tlicir potent opposites, utterly to cast auay them- 
 selves for ever. Hooker. 
 
 42. To cast bij. To reject or dismiss, 
 with neglect or hate. ] 
 
 01(1 Capulct, and Montagu, 
 Have made Verona's ancient citizens 
 Cast by their grave beseeming ornaments. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When men, presuming themselves to be the 
 
 only masters of right reason, cast by the votes and 
 
 opinions of the rest of mankind, as not worthy 
 
 of reckoning. Locke. 
 
 43. To cast doiim. To reject ; to depress 
 I the mind. 
 
 CAS 
 
 We're not the first, 
 Who, with best meaning, have incurr'd the worst . 
 For thee, oppressed king, 1 am cast down ; 
 Myself could else outfrown false fortune's frown. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The best way will be to let him see you are 
 
 much cast down, and afflicted, for the ill opinion 
 
 he entertains of you. Addism. 
 
 44. To cast forth. To emit. 
 
 He shall grow as the lily, and cast forth his roots 
 as Lebanon. nosea. 
 
 45. 7'o cast forth. To eject. 
 
 I cast t'in-th all the honsel'old stuff. Nehemiah. 
 They "cast me forth into the sea. Jonah. 
 
 46. To cast off. To discard ; to put 
 away. 
 
 The prince will, in the perfectness of time. 
 Cast ojf his followers Shakesp. 
 
 Cast me not off in the time of old age. Psalmi. 
 He led me on to mightiest deeds. 
 But now hath cast me off, as never known. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 How ! not call him father ? I see preferment 
 
 alters a man strangely ; this may serve me for an 
 
 use of instruction, to cast off my father, when 1 
 
 am great. Dryden. 
 
 I long to clasp that haughty maid, 
 And bend her subborn virtue to my passion : 
 When I have gone thus far, I'd cast her off. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 47. To cast off. To reject. 
 
 It is not to be imagined, that a whole society 
 of men should publickly and professedly disown 
 and cast off' a rule, wKich they could not but be 
 infallibly certain was a law. Locke. 
 
 48. To cast off. To disburden one's self 
 of. ,. . 
 
 All conspired in one to cast off their subjection 
 
 to the crown of England. ,, , . 
 
 Spenser s State of Ireland. 
 
 This maketh them, through an unweariable de- 
 sire of receiving instruction, to cast cff the care 
 of those very aftairs, which do most concern their 
 estate. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 The true reason why any man is an atheist, is 
 because he is a wicked man : religion would curb 
 him in his lusts ; and therefore he casts itii/f, and 
 puts all the scorn upon it he can. Tillotson. 
 
 Company, in any action, gives credit and 
 
 countenance to the agent ; and so mucli as the 
 
 sinner gets of this, so much he casts off of shame. 
 
 ^ South, 
 
 We see they never fail to exert themselves, and 
 to cast off the oppression, when they feel the 
 weiiiht of it. Addison. 
 
 49. To cast off. To leave behind. 
 Away he scours cross the fields, casts off the 
 
 dogs, and gains a wood : but pressing through a 
 thicket, the bushes held him by the 1-orns, till 
 the hounds came in, and plucked him down. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 50. To cast off. [a hunting term.] To 
 let go, or set free : as, to cast off the 
 doijs. 
 
 51. To cast out. To reject ; to turn out 
 
 of doors. 
 
 Thy brat hath been cast out, like to itself, no 
 fathei owning it. Shakesp. 
 
 52. To cast out. To vent ; to speak : 
 ■with some intimation of negligence or 
 
 vehemence. 
 
 Why dost thou cost out such ungenerous terms 
 Against the lords and sovereigns of the wor d ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 53. To cast up. To compute ; to calcu- 
 late. , 
 
 Some writers, in casting up the goods most de- 
 sirable in life, have given tncra this rank, health, 
 beauty, and riches. Temple. 
 
 A man who designs to build, is very exact, as 
 he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand ; 
 but generally speaking, he is mistaken in his ac- 
 count. ^^^"'■ 
 
 54. To cast up. To vonut. 
 
 272
 
 CAS 
 
 ITiou, beastly feeder, art so full of him, 
 That thou provokst thyself to cast him up. Shak. 
 Their vilfaiiiy goes against my weak stomach, 
 and therefore I must cast it up. Shakcsp. 
 
 O, that in time Rome did not cast 
 Her enours up, this fortune to prevent ! 
 
 Ben Jonstm. 
 Thy foolish errour find ; 
 Cost up the poison that infects thy mind. Dryd. 
 
 55. To cast upon. To refer to ; to resign 
 to. 
 
 If thinas were cast vpon this issue, that God 
 should never prevent sin till man deserved it, the 
 best would sin and sin for ever. South. 
 
 To Cast. v. n. 
 
 1. To contrive; to turn I he thoughts. 
 
 Then, closelv as he might, he cast to leave 
 The court, not' asking any pass or leave. Spenser. 
 
 From that day forth, I cast in careful mind, 
 To seek her out with labour and long time. 
 
 Spejiser. 
 
 We have three that bend themselves, looking 
 
 into 
 about 
 
 the experiments of their fellows, and cast 
 
 t how to draw out of them things of use and 
 
 practice for man's life and knowledge. 
 
 Bacon's New Atalantis. 
 
 But first he casts to change his proper shape ; 
 Which else might work him danger or delay. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 As a fox, with hot pursuit 
 Chas'd tiiro' a warren, cast about 
 To save his credit. Hudibras. 
 
 All events called casual, among inammate bo- 
 dies, are mechanically produced according to the 
 determinate figures, textures, and motions of those 
 bodies, which are not conscious of their own ope- 
 rations, nor contrive and cast about how to bring 
 such events to pass. Bentley. 
 
 This way and that I cos* to save my friends. 
 Till one resolve my varying counsel ends. Pope. 
 
 2. To admit of a form, by casting or 
 melting. 
 
 It comes at the first fusion into a mass that is 
 immediately malleable, and will not run thin, so as 
 to cast and mould, unless mixed with poorer ore, 
 or cinders. Woodieard on Fossils. 
 
 3. To warp ; to grow out of form. 
 
 Stuff is said to cast or warp, « hen, by its own 
 drought, or moisture of the air, or other accident, 
 it alters its flatness and straightness. 
 
 Moion's Mechanical Eiercises. 
 
 4. To cast about. To contrive; to look 
 for means. 
 
 Inanimate bodies are not conscious of their own 
 operations, nor contrive and cast about to bring 
 such events to pass. Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 Cast. n. «. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . The act of casting or throwing ; a throw. 
 
 So when a sort of lusty shepherds tlirow 
 The bar by turns, and none the rest outgo 
 So far, but that the rest are measuring casts. 
 Their emulation and their pastime lasts. Waller. 
 
 2. The thing thrown. 
 
 Vet all these dreadful deeds, this deadly fray, 
 A cast of dreadful dust will soon allay. 
 
 Drydens yirgil. 
 
 3. State of any thing cast or thrown. 
 
 In his own instance of casting ambs-ace, though 
 it partake more of contingency than of freedom ; 
 supposing the positure of the party's hand, who 
 did throw the dice; supposing the figure of the 
 table, and of the dice themselves ; supposing the 
 measure of force applied, and supposing all other 
 things which did concur to the production of that 
 cast, to be the very same they were, there is no 
 doubt but, in this case, the cast is necessary. 
 
 BramhaU's Ansuer to Hohbes. 
 
 Plato compares life to a game at tables ; there 
 what cast we shall have is not in our power ; but 
 to manage it well, that is. Norris. 
 
 4. Manner of throwing. 
 
 Some harrow their ground over, and sow wheat 
 or rye on it with a broad cast ; some only with a 
 •'inglc cast, and some with a double. Mortimer. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CAS 
 
 5. The space through which any thing is 
 thrown. 
 
 And he was withdrawn from them about a 
 stone's cast, and knet-led down aud pra^-ed. Luke. 
 
 6. A stroke ; a touch. 
 
 We have them all with one voice for giving 
 him a cast of their court prophecy. South. 
 
 Another ctist of their politicks, was that of 
 endeavuuriiiLi to impeach au innocent lady, for her 
 faithful and diligent service of the queen. Stcijt- 
 
 This was a cast of Wood's politicks; for his 
 information was wholly false and groundless. 
 
 SiciJ't. 
 
 7. IMotion of the eye; direction of the 
 eye. 
 
 Pity causeth sometimes tears, and a flexion or 
 cast (it the eve aside ; for pity is but grief in ano- 
 ther's behalf; the cast of the eye is a gesture of 
 aversion, or lothness, to behold the ob|ecl_of pity. 
 Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 A man shall be sure to have a cast of their eye 
 to warn him, before tliey give him a cast of their 
 nature to betray liiin. South. 
 
 If any man dfesires to look on this doctrine of 
 gravity, let him turn tlie first cast of his eyes on 
 what we have said of fire. ^'S^y ^" '"^ Soul. 
 
 There, held in holy passion still 
 Forget thyself to marble, till 
 Witli a sad leaden, downward east. 
 Thou fix them on the earth as fast. Milton. 
 
 They are the best epitomes in the world, aud 
 let you see, with one ca.'^ of an eye, the substance 
 of above an hundred pa»es. 
 
 Addison on Ancient Medals 
 
 8. He that squints is said popularly to have 
 a cast with his eye. 
 
 9. The throw of dice. 
 
 Were it good. 
 To set the exact wealth of all our states 
 AJl at one cast ; to set so rich a main 
 On the nice hazard of some doubtful hour ? Shak. 
 
 10. Venture from throw^ing dice ; chance 
 from the fall of dice. 
 
 \\ hen you have brought them to the very last 
 cast, they will otier to come to you, and submit 
 tliemselves. Spemer on Ireland. 
 
 With better grace an ancient chief may yield 
 The long contended honours of the field. 
 Than venture all his fortune at a cast. 
 And figiit, like Hannibal, to lose at last. Dryden. 
 
 Will you turn recreant at the last cast ? Druden. 
 
 In the last war, has it nut sometimes been an 
 even cast, whetlier the army should march this 
 way or that way .'* South. 
 
 11. A mould ; a form. 
 
 llie whole would have been an heroick poem, 
 but in another cast and figuTe than any that ever 
 had been written before. Prior, 
 
 12. A shade ; or tendency to any colour. 
 A flaky mass, grey, with a cost of green, in 
 
 which the talky matter makes the greatest part of 
 the mass. Woodward. 
 
 The qualities of blood in a healthy state are to 
 be florid, the red part congealing, and the serum 
 ought to be without any greenish cast. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 13. Exterior appearance. 
 
 The native hue of resolution 
 Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 New names, new dressings, and the modern 
 cast. 
 Some scenes, some persons alter'd, and outfac'd 
 The world. Sir J. DenJiam. 
 
 14. Manner; air; mien. 
 
 Pretty conceptions, fine metaphors, glittering 
 expressions, and something of a neatca^f of verse, 
 are properly the dress, gems, or loose ornaments, 
 of poetry. ' Pope's Letters. 
 
 Neglect not the little figures and turns on the 
 words, nor sometimes the very cast of the periods ; 
 neither omit or confound any rites or customs of 
 antiquity, Pope on Homer. 
 
 15. A flight ; a number of hawks dis- 
 missed &om the h&U 
 
 CAS 
 
 A cast of merlins there was besides, which, fly- 
 
 ing of a gallant height, would beat the birds that 
 
 rose down unto the bushes, as falcons will do wild 
 
 fowl over a river. Sidury. 
 
 10. [Casta, Spanish.] A breed ; a race ; 
 
 a species. 
 Ca'stanet. n. s. [castaneta, Sp.] .\ 
 small shell of ivory, or hard wood, which 
 dancers rattle in their hands. 
 
 If there had been words enow between t)iem, to 
 have expressed provocation, they had gone toge- 
 ther by tlie ears like a pair of castanets. 
 
 Congreve's ]Vay of the World. 
 Ca'staway. U.S. [{rom cast and away.] 
 A person lost, or abandoned, by Provi- 
 dence ; any thing thrown away. 
 
 Neither given any leave to search in particular 
 
 who are the heirs of the kingdom of tiod, who 
 
 castawaits. hooker. 
 
 Lest thai by any means, wheiil have preached 
 
 to others, 1 myself should he a castaicay. 1 Cor. 
 
 Ca'staway. ac(j. [from the subst.] Use- 
 less ; of no value. 
 
 We only prize, paraper, and exalt this vassal 
 and slave'of death ; or only remember, at our cast- 
 auay leisure, the imprisoned immortal soul. 
 
 Raleigh's History. 
 
 Ca'.sted. The participle preterite of ca.it, 
 but improperly, and found perhaps only 
 in the following passage. 
 
 When the mind is quicken'd, out of doubt. 
 The organs, tho' defunct and dead before. 
 Break up their drowsy grave, and newly move 
 With casted slough and tresh legerity. Shakisp. 
 
 Ca'stellain. n. s. [castcllano, Span.] 
 The captain, governor, or constable of 
 a castle. 
 
 Ca'stellany'. n. s. [from castel.] The 
 lordship belonging to a castle; the extent 
 of its land and jurisdiction. Phillips. 
 
 Castellated, adj. [from castle.] In- 
 closed within a building, as a fountain 
 or cistern castellated. Diet. 
 
 C.VsTER. n. s. [from To cast.] 
 
 1 . A thrower ; he that casts. 
 
 If with this throw the strongest caster vie. 
 Still, furllier still, I bid the discus fly. Pope. 
 
 2. A calculator ; a man that calculates 
 fortunes. 
 
 Did any of them set up for a caster of fortunate 
 figures, w hat might he not get by his predictions ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To CA'STIGATE. v. a. [castigo, Lat.] 
 To chastise ; to chasten ; to correct ; to 
 punish. 
 
 If thou didst put this sour cold habit on. 
 To castigate thy pride, 'twere well. Shakesp. 
 
 Castig.\'tion. n. s. [from To castigate.] 
 
 1. Penance ; discipline. 
 
 Tins hand of yours requires 
 A sequester from liberty ; fasting and praver, 
 With castigation, exercise devout. &hahesp. 
 
 2. Punishment ; correction. 
 
 Their castigations were accompanied with en- 
 couragements ; which care was taken to keep nie 
 from looking upon as mere compliments. Boylt. 
 
 .3. Emendation ; repressive remedy. 
 
 The ancients had these conjectures touchine; 
 these flootls and conflagrations, so as to frame 
 them into an hypothesis for the castigation of the 
 excesses of generation. IfaU. 
 
 Cas'tigatory. adj. [from castigate.] 
 Punitive, in order to amendment. 
 
 There were other ends of penalties inflicted, 
 either probatory, castigatoni, or exemplary. 
 
 Bramhall agaiast Hohba. 
 
 Nn 
 
 273
 
 CAS 
 
 Ca'sting-net. n.s. [from casfnig and 
 net.] A net to be thrown into the 
 water, not placed and left. 
 Castiiis-ncts did rivers bottoms sweep. 
 
 ° Mays Virgd. 
 
 CA'STLE. n. s. [castelliim, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A strong house, fortified against assaults. 
 
 The caslk of Macdull" I will surprise. Shakesji. 
 
 2. CASTLES in the air. [chateaux d'Es- 
 pnsne, Fr.] Projects without reality. 
 
 Tlicse were but like castles in the air, and in men's 
 fancies vainly imagined. Kuleigh's Hist.nl'theU'orld. 
 C.\'sTLE-soAP. n.s. [I suppose corrupted 
 from Castile soap.] .\ kind of soap. 
 
 I have a letter from a soap-boiler, desiring me to 
 write upon the present duties on Castle soap. Attdis. 
 
 Castled, adj. [from castle.] Furnished 
 with castles. 
 
 The liorses neighing by the wind is blown, 
 And castled elepliants o'e"rlook the town. Dryden. 
 
 Ca'stleward. n. «. [from castle and 
 tcai'd.] 
 
 An imposition laid upon such of the king's sub- 
 jects, as dwell ivithin a certain compass of any 
 castle, toward tlie maintenance of such as watch 
 and u-ard the castle. Cou-ell. 
 
 Ca'stling. n. s. [from cast.] Anabortive. 
 
 We should rather rely upon the urine of a cast- 
 Zing's bladder, a resoliition of crabs eyes, or a 
 second distillation of urine, as Helniont hath com- 
 mended. Bnncn's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Castor, or Chester, are derived from 
 the Sax. ceaprep, a city, town, or castle ; 
 and that from the Latin castnim : the 
 Saxons chiising to fix in such places of 
 strength and figure, as the Romans had 
 before built or fortified. Gibsons Camden. 
 
 Ca'stor. w. s. [castor, Lat.] 
 
 1. A beaver. See Beaver. 
 Like hunted castors conscious of their store, 
 
 Their waylaid wealth to Norway's coast they 
 bring. Dryden. 
 
 2. A fine hat made of the fur of a beaver. 
 
 CASTOR and POLLUX. [In meteo- 
 rology.] A fiery meteor, which appears 
 sometimes sticking to a part of the ship, 
 in form of one, two, or even three or four 
 balls. When one is seen alone, it is called 
 Helena, which portends the severest part 
 of the storm to be yet behind ; two are 
 denominated Castor and Pollux, and 
 sometimes Tyndarides, which portend 
 a cessation of the storm. Chambers. 
 
 CASrO'REUM. n. s. [from castor. In 
 pharmacy.] A liquid matter inclosed in 
 bags or purses, near the anus of the cas- 
 tor, falsely taken for his testicles. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Castrameta'tion. n. s. [from castra- 
 metor, Lat.] The art or practice of 
 encamping. 
 
 To CASTRATE, v. a. [castro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To geld. 
 
 2. To take away the obscene parts of a 
 writing. 
 
 Ca'stration. n.s. [trom castrate.] The 
 act of gelding. 
 
 The largest needle should be used, in taking up 
 the spcrinatick vessels in castratim. Sharp's Surg. 
 
 Casteril.7 ^ ^_ A kind of hawk. 
 Castrel. J 
 
 Castre'nsian. adj. [castreiisis, Lat.] 
 Belonging to a camp. Diet. 
 
 CAS 
 
 CA'SUAL. adj. [casvel, Fr. from casus, 
 Lat.] Accidental; arising froin chance; 
 depending upon chance; not certain. 
 
 The revenue of I.eland, both certain and cajuai, 
 did not rise unto ten thousand pounds. 
 
 Varies on Jrelajid. 
 
 That which seemeth most ca.^ual and subject to 
 
 fortune, is yet disposed by the ordinance of God. 
 
 ■' Raleis:h's History. 
 
 Whether found where casual (ire 
 Had w.isted woods, on mountain, or in vale, 
 Down to the veins of earth. Miltm. 
 
 The commissioners entertained themselves by 
 
 tlie fire-side in general and casual discourses. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Most of our rarities have been found out by 
 casual emergency, and have been the works of 
 time and chance, rather than of philoso])hy. 
 
 Glanvitle 
 The expenccs of some of them always exceed 
 their certain annual income ; but seldom tlieir ca- 
 sual supplies. I call them casual, in compliance 
 with the common form. Atterbury 
 
 Ca'sually. adv. [from casual.] Acciden- 
 tally ; without design, or set purpose. 
 
 Go, bid my woman 
 Search for a jewel, that too casually 
 Plath loft mine arm. S/iatep. 
 
 Wool new shorn, laid casually upon a vessel of 
 verjuice, had drunk up the verjuice, thougli the 
 vessel was without any Haw. Jiacou. 
 
 I should have aci|uainted my judge with one 
 advantage, and which I now casually remember. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ca'sualness. n. s. [froiTi casual.] Acci- 
 dentalness. 
 
 Ca'sualty. n. s. [from casual.] 
 
 1. Accident; a thing happening by chance, 
 not design. 
 
 With more patience men endure the losses that 
 hefal them by mere casualty, than the damages 
 which they sustain by injustice, lialeigh's Essays. 
 That Octavius Ca;sar should shift his camp tliat 
 night that it happened to be took by the enemy, 
 was a mere casiiii/(v; yet it preserved a person, 
 who lived to establish a total alteration of govern- 
 ment in the imperial cily of the world. South. 
 
 •2. Chance that produces unnatural death. 
 
 Builds in the weather on the outward wall. 
 Ev'n in the force and road of casualty. Shukesp. 
 
 It is observed in particular nations, that, within 
 the space of two or three hundred years, not- 
 withstanding all casualties, the number of men 
 doubles. Buniet's Theory. 
 
 We find one casualtv in our bills, of which, 
 though there be daily talk, there is little effect. 
 
 Graunt's Billi of Mortality. 
 
 C.\'suiST. n. s. [casuiste, Fr. from casus, 
 
 Lat.] One that studies and settles cases 
 
 of conscience. 
 
 The judgment of any casuist, or learned divine, 
 concerning the state o'f a man's soul, is not sufh- 
 cient to give him confidence. South. 
 
 'i'ou can scarce see a bench of porters without 
 two or three cusiiistsin it, that will settle you the 
 rights of princes. Addison. 
 
 Who shall decide when doctors disagree. 
 And soundest casuists doubt, like you and me ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Casui'stical. adj. [from casuist.] Re- 
 lating to cases of conscience ; containing 
 the doctrine relating to cases. 
 
 What arguments tliey have to beguile poor sim- 
 ple, unstable souls with, I know not ; but surely 
 the practical, casuistical, that is, the principal, 
 vital part of iheir religion savours very little of 
 spirituality. Smth. 
 
 Ca'suistry. n.s. [from casuist.] The 
 science of a casuist; the doctrine of 
 cases of conscience. 
 
 This concession would tiot pass for good casuistry 
 in these ages. Poj/e's Odyssey, Notes. 
 
 CAT 
 
 Morality, by her false guardians drawn. 
 Chicane in furs, and casuistry in lawn. 
 
 Pope's Dunciud. 
 CAT. n. s. [katz. Teuton, dial, Fr.] A 
 domcstick animal that catches mice, com- 
 monly reckoned by naturalists the lowest 
 order of the leonine species. 
 
 'Twas you incens'd the rabble : 
 Cats, that can judge as filly of his worth, 
 As I can of those mysteries, wiiich heav'n 
 Will not have earth'tu know. Siuikesp. Corialanus. 
 Thrice the brinded cat hath mcw'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 A cat, as she beholds the light, draws the ball of 
 her eve small and long, being covered over with 
 a green skin, and dilates it at pleasure. 
 
 Peacham on Drateing. 
 Cat. n. s. A sort of ship. 
 Cat in the pan, [imagined by some to be 
 rightly written Catipan, as coming from 
 Catipania. An unl<nown correspondent 
 imagines, very naturally, that it is cor- 
 rupted from Cate in the pun.] 
 
 Tliere is a cunning w Inch we, in Endand, call 
 the turning of the cat in the pan ; which is, when 
 that wliich a man says to another, he lays it as if 
 another had said it to him. Bacon. 
 
 Cat o' nine tails. A whip with nine lashes, 
 used for the punishment of crimes. 
 
 You dread reformers of an impious age. 
 You awful cat o' nine tails to the stage, 
 This once be just, and in our cause engage. 
 
 Prologue to Vunbrugh's False Friend. 
 
 CAT ACHRESIS. n. s. [xar^xe'i'^.s 
 abuse.] It is, in rhetorick, the abuse of 
 a trope, when the words are too far 
 wrested froiu their native signification ; 
 or when one word is abusively put for 
 another, for want of the proper word ; 
 as, a voice beautiful to the enr. 
 
 Smith's Rhetorick. 
 Catachre'stical. adj. [from catachre- 
 sis.] Contrary to proper use ; forced ; 
 far fetched. 
 
 A catachrestical and far derived similitude it 
 holds with men, tliat is, in a bifurcation. 
 
 Brmcn's Vulgar Eirours. 
 Ca'TACLYSM. n. S. [xaT«xXt5o-/i©'.] A 
 deluge; an inundation: used generally 
 for the universal deluge. 
 
 The opinion that held these ca(ac!j/sms and empy- 
 roses universal, was such as held that it put a total 
 consummation unto things in this lower world. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Ca'tACOMBS. w. s. [from xa-ra. and xo/^S®- 
 a hollow or cavity.] Subterraneous ca- 
 vities for the burial of the dead; of which 
 there are a great number about three 
 miles from Rome, supposed to be the 
 caves and cells where the primitive chris- 
 tians hid and assembled themselves, and 
 where they interred the martyrs, which 
 are accordingly visited with devotion. 
 But anciently, the word catacomb was 
 only understood of the tombs of St. 
 Peter and St. Paul. Chambers. 
 
 On the side of Naples are the catacombs, wiiich 
 must have been full of stench, if the dead bodies 
 that lav in them were left to rot in open nitches. 
 ■^ Addison. 
 
 CATAGMA'TlCK.flf//.[«otTayfta a fracture.] 
 That which has the quality of consoli- 
 dating the parts. 
 
 1 ijut oil a catagmatick emplaster, and, by the use 
 of a laced glove, scattered the pituitous swelling, 
 and strengthened it. Wiseman's Surgei-y. 
 
 274
 
 CAT 
 
 Catale'psis. n. s. [l(aTa^>l^^l^] A lighter 
 species of the apoplexy, or epilepsy. 
 
 There is a disease called a catalcj>sis, wherein the 
 patient is suddenly seized » itiiout sense or motion, 
 «nd remains in tlic same posture in which tlic dis- 
 ease seizeth him. Arbuthnnt. 
 
 Ca'tALOGUE. n- 1. [jtaraXoy®-.] An enu 
 meration of particulars; a list; a register 
 
 of things one by one. 
 
 In tlic calal(^gue ye go for men, 
 Sliow5lies,water rugs, and demy wolves.arecleped 
 All by the name of dugs. Shakespeare's Macbeth. 
 
 Miike a catalogue of prosperous sacrilegious per- 
 sons, and I believe tliey will be repeated sooner 
 than the alphabet. South. 
 
 In the library of manuscripts belonging to St. 
 Laurence, of Wliich there is a printed catalogue, I 
 looked into the Virgil, which disputes its antiquity 
 with that of the Vatican. _ Addison. 
 
 The bright 1 aygete, and the shining Bears, 
 Willi all the sailors cufafogue of stars. 
 
 Addison s Odd. 
 
 Catamo'untain. «. i. [from cat and 
 and viounlain.] A fierce animal, re- 
 sembling a cat. 
 
 The black prince of Mononiotapa, by whose 
 side were seen the glaring catamountabit and tlie 
 quill-darting porcupine. 
 
 Arbuthiwt and Pope's Mart. Scrihlerus. 
 
 Ca'taphract. n. s. [cataphracta, Lat.] 
 A horse-man in complete armour. 
 
 On e;iL-h side went armed guards. 
 Both horse and foot ; before him and behind. 
 Archers and slingers, cataphructs and spears. 
 
 Milton's Sampson Agonistes. 
 Ca'TAPLASM. n. S. [y.ariiir\xai^a.] A 
 poultice; a soft and moist application. 
 
 I bought an tniction of a mountebank. 
 So mortal, that but dip a knife in it, 
 Where it draws blood, no cataplasm so rare. 
 Collected from all simples that iiave virtue 
 I"nder the moon, can save. Shakespeare's Hamlet. 
 \V'arni catai)lasms discuss, but scalding hot may 
 confirm the tumour. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Ca'tapult. n. s. [catapulta, Lat.] An 
 engine used anciently to throw stones. 
 
 The balista violently sliot great stones and quar- 
 ries, as also the catapults. Camden's Remains. 
 
 Cataract, n.s. [xaru^ax-v.] A fall of 
 water from on high ; a shoot of water; 
 a cascade. 
 
 Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks; rage, blow! 
 Yua cataracts antl hurricanes, spout 
 Till you have drenchM our steeples. Shakespeare. 
 
 What if all 
 Her stores were open'd, and the Hrmament 
 Of hell sliould spout her cataracts of tire ? 
 Impendent horrours ! Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 No sooner he, with them of man and beast 
 Select for life, shall in the ark be lodg'd, 
 And shelter'd round ; but all the cataracts 
 Of heav'n set open, oa the earth shall pour 
 Rain, day and niiiht. Mitt07i's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Torreiits and hjud imj)etuous cataracts, 
 'J'hrough roadsabrujjt, and rude unfashion'd tracts. 
 Run down the lofty numutain's chaunerd sides. 
 And to tlie vale convey their foaming tides. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 Ca'taract. [In medicine.] A suffu- 
 sion of the eye, when little clouds, motes, 
 and flies seem to float about in the air ; 
 when confirmed, the pupil of the eye is 
 either wholly, or in part, covered, and 
 shut up with a little thin skin, so that the 
 light has no admittance. Qiiiiici/. 
 
 Saladine halli n yellow milk, which hath like- 
 wise much acrimony ; for it cleanseth the eves : it 
 is good also for cataracts. Bacoyi's Xatural historu. 
 
 C.\TA'RRH. 71. s. [xxrx'f'flu, defluo.] A 
 defluxion of a sharp serum from theglands 
 about the head and throat, generally 
 
 C A T 
 
 occasioned by a diminution of insensible 
 perspiration, or cold, wherein "what should 
 pass by the skin, oozes out upon those 
 glands, and occasions irritations. The 
 causes are, whatsoever occasions too great 
 a quantity of serum ; whatsoever hinders 
 the discharge by urine, and the pores of 
 the skin. Quincy. 
 
 All fev'roiis kinds, 
 
 Convulsions.epilepsies, fierce c<i£un-ft5. i'arad.LiiSt. 
 
 Neither was the budy then subject to die by 
 
 piecemeal, and languish uuder coughs, cafurrAs, or 
 
 consumptions. S<tuth. 
 
 Catarrhal. \ adj. [from catan-h.] 
 Cata'rrhous. j Relating to a catarrh; 
 proceeding from a catarrh. 
 
 The catarrhal fever re(iuireb evacuations. FloycT. 
 Old age attended with a glutinous, cold, ca- 
 (a?T/iou5, leucophlegraatick constitution. 
 
 Arhutlnwt on Diet. 
 CATA'STROPHE. n.s. [xaracrl^ot^.] 
 
 1. The change, or revolution, which pro- 
 duces the conclusion or final event of a 
 dramatic piece. 
 
 Pat ! — He comes like the catastrophe of the old 
 comedy. Shakespeare. 
 
 That philosopher declares for tragedies, whose 
 catustrophes are unhappy, with relation to the 
 principal characters. Denni-f. 
 
 2. A final event ; a conclusion, generally 
 unhappy. 
 
 Here was a mighty revolution, the most horrible 
 and portentous catastrophe tiiat nature ever yet 
 saw; an elegant and hnbitahle earth quite shat- 
 tered. ]Vo.iduartVs Natural Historij. 
 
 Ca'tcal. 71. s, [from cat and call.] A 
 squeaking instrument, used in the play- 
 house to condemn plays, 
 
 A young lady, at the theatre, conceived a pas- 
 sion for a noturious rake that headed a I>arty of 
 catcals. Spectator 
 
 Three catcab be the bribe 
 Of him, whose chatt'ring sliames the monkey 
 tribe. Pope. 
 
 To CATCH. V. a. preter. I caichcd or 
 caught; I have catched or caught. 
 [ketseUy Dutch.] 
 
 1 . To lay hold on with the hand : inti- 
 mating the suddenness of tlie action. 
 
 And when he arose against me, I caught him 
 by his beard, and smote liim, and slew him. 
 
 1 5am. xvii. S.i. 
 
 2. To stop any thing flying ; to receive 
 any thing in the passage. 
 
 Others, to catch the breeze of breathing air. 
 To Tuscvdum or Algido repair. Addison on halt}. 
 '^. To seize any thing by pursuit. 
 
 I saw him run after a gilded buttci-fly, and, 
 when he caught it, he let it go again ; and'after it 
 again ; and over and over he comes, and up again ; 
 aud caught it again. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 4. To stop any thing falling ; to intercept 
 
 falling. 
 
 A shepherd diverteil himself witli tossing up 
 egijs, and catchiug themairain. Spectator. 
 
 5. To ensnare ; to entangle in a snare ; to 
 take or hold in a trap. 
 
 And ihcy sent unto him certain of the Pharisees 
 and of the Herodians, to catch him in his word.'i^ 
 
 Mark, xii. 13. 
 
 These artificial methods of reasoning are more 
 adapted to catch and entangle tlie mind, than to 
 instruct and inform the understanding. Locke. 
 
 6. To receive suddenly. 
 
 The curling smoke mounts heavy from the fires, 
 At lengtli it catches tiame, aud in a blaze expires. 
 
 Drpden. 
 But stopp'd for fear, thus violently dr!v*n. 
 The sparks should catch bis axletree of heav'n. 
 
 Dry den, ' 
 
 CAT 
 
 7. To fasten suddenly upon ; to seize. 
 
 The mule went under the thick boughs of a 
 great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak. 
 
 2 5am. xviii. 19. 
 Would they, like Benhadad'a embassadour», 
 catch hold of every amicable expression ? 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 3. To seize uneNpectedly. 
 
 To catch something out of bis mouth, that they 
 niiglit accuse him. Luke xi. .M. 
 
 y. To seize eagerly. 
 
 They have caught up every thing greedily, »i»h 
 that bus;y curiosity, aijd unsalisfaclory inquisitive- 
 ness, which Seneca calls the disease of the Greeks. 
 
 I've perus'd her well ; 
 Beauty and honour in her are so mingled. 
 That tney have caught the king. 
 
 Shakespeare's Henry ATII. 
 
 10. To please ; to seize the aifections ; to 
 charm. 
 
 Fur I am young, a novice in the trade. 
 The fool of love, unpractis'd to persuade. 
 And want tlie soothnig arts that catch the fair. 
 But, caught myself, lie struggling in the snare. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 1 1. To receive any contagion or disease. 
 
 I cannot name the di*"ase, and it is caught 
 Of you that yet are well. Shakesp. Winters Tale. 
 
 Those measles. 
 Which we disdain should letter us, yet seek 
 The very way to catch them. Shakeip. Coriolanus. 
 
 In sooth 1 know not why 1 am so sad : 
 It wearies me ; you say it wearies you ; 
 But how I caught it, found it, or came bv it, 
 1 am to learn. Shakespeare's Merchant of Vtniee. 
 
 The softest of our British ladies expose their 
 necks and arms to the open air; whiclithemen 
 could not do without catching cold, for want of 
 being accustomed to it. Addisons Guardian. 
 
 Or call the winds tluo' long arcades to roar, 
 Proud to catch cold at a Vent- tian door. Pope. 
 
 12. To catch at. To endeavour suddenly 
 to lay hold on. 
 
 Saucy lictors 
 \\ ill catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhimers 
 Ballad us out of tune. 
 
 Shakesp, Antony and Cleopatra. 
 Make them catch at all opportunities uf subvert- 
 ing tlje state. Addison s State of' the War, 
 
 To Catch, v. n. 
 
 1, To be contagious; to spread infection, 
 
 or mischief. 
 
 'Tis time to give them physick, their diseases 
 Are grown so catching. Shake.-ipeare's Henry VIII. 
 
 Sickness is catching ; oh, w ere favour so ! 
 Yours would I catch, fair Hermia, ere I ^t-. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Considering it with all its malignity and catch' 
 in^ nature, it may be enumerated wjih the worst 
 uiepidemicks. Haney. 
 
 The palace of Deiphobus ascends 
 In smuaky flames, and catches on his friends. Vryd. 
 
 Dofs the sedition catch from man to man, 
 And run among the ranks ? Addison's Cato. 
 
 2. To lay hold suddenly: as, the hook 
 catches. 
 
 When the yellow hair in flame should fall. 
 The catching fire might burn the golden cawl. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Catch. 71. $. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Seiztu'e; the act of seizing any thing 
 that flics or hides. 
 
 Taught hy bis open eve. 
 His eye, that ev'n did mart her trodden grass. 
 That she would fain the catch of Slrephuii fly. ^ 
 
 Sidney 
 
 2. Watch; the posture of seizing. 
 
 Both of tliem lay upon tlie catch for a great 
 action; it is no wonder, therefore, that Oicy were 
 often engaged on one subject. 
 
 Addisojion Ancient Mcdiua. 
 
 3. An advantage taken; hold laid on, as 
 in haste. 
 
 IiJ
 
 CAT 
 
 All whicli notions are but ignorant catches of a 
 few things, which are most obvious to men's ob- 
 servations. ^ Bacon. 
 riie motion is but a catch of the wit upon a few 
 instances ; as the manner is in tlie philosophy re- 
 ceived. Bacon. 
 
 Fate of empires, and the fall of kings, 
 Should turn on nying hours, and catch of moments. 
 
 Drijdcn. 
 
 4. The act of taking quickly from another. 
 
 Several (piires, placed one over aoainst another, 
 and taking the voice by catches antliemwise, give 
 great pleasure. Bacon. 
 
 5. A song sung in succession, where one 
 catches it from another. 
 
 Thi-^ is tlie tune of our catch, play'd by the pic- 
 ture of nobody. Shakesjjeare's Tempest. 
 
 ViiT be from thence the glutton parasite, 
 Singing his drunken catches all the night. 
 
 Vry(U'n,jun. 
 
 The meat was serv'd, the bowls were cnnvn'd, 
 Catches were sung, and healths went round. Prior. 
 
 6. The thing caught ; profit ; advantage. 
 
 Hector shall have a great catch, if he knock out 
 your brains ; he were as good ciack a fusty nut 
 with no kernel. Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 7. A snatch ; a short interval of action. 
 
 It has been writ by catches, with many intervals. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 8. A taint; a slight contagion. 
 
 We retain a catch of those pretty stories, and 
 our awakened imagination tmiles in the recollec- 
 tion. Olanville's Scepsis. 
 
 9. Any thing that catches and holds, as a 
 hook. 
 
 10. A small swift-sailing ship; often writ- 
 ten ketch, 
 
 Ca'tcher. 71, s. [from catch,] 
 
 1. He that catches. 
 
 2. That in Avhich any thing is caught. 
 
 Scallojjs will move so strongly, as oftentimes to 
 leap out of the catcher wherein they are caught. 
 
 Grew's MustEum. 
 
 Ca'tchfly. «. s. [from catch and J^j/.] 
 A plant ; fi species of campion ; which 
 see. 
 
 Ca'tchpoll. n. s. [from catch and ^o//.] 
 A Serjeant ; a bumbailiff. 
 Catchpoll, though now it be used as a word of 
 
 ' contempt, yet, in ancient limes, it seems to have 
 been used without reproacli, for such as we now 
 call Serjeants of the mace, or any other that uses to 
 arrest men upon an^' cause. Cowell. 
 
 They call all temporal businesses undersherilT- 
 ries, as if they were but matters for undershenfl's 
 And catchpolls : though many times tliose under- 
 sheritFries do more good than their high specula- 
 lions. Bacons Essays. 
 
 Another monster, 
 Sullen of aspect, by tlie vulgar call'd 
 A catchpoll, whose polluted hands the gods 
 With force incredible and magick charms 
 Krst have endued, if lie liis ample paim 
 Should haply on ill-fated shoulder lay 
 Of debtor. Philips. 
 
 Catchword, n, s. [from catch and 
 word. With printers.] Tlie word at 
 the corner of the page under the last 
 line, which is repeated at the top of the 
 next page. 
 
 Cate. 71, s. Food ; something to be 
 eaten. This is scarcely read in the sin- 
 gular. See Gates. 
 
 We'll sec what cates you have, 
 I'or soMiers stomachsalwaysserve them well. Shah, 
 CaTECHE'TICAL. adj, [from Herr*);^EW.] 
 consisting of questions and answers, 
 
 Socrates introduced a catechetical method of ar- 
 guing ; he would ask his adversary question upon 
 question, till he convinced liiin, out of his own 
 mouth, that his opinions were wrong. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 CAT 
 
 Cateche'tically. adv. [from catecheti- 
 cal.] In the way of question and answer. 
 To CATECHISE. v,a. [-a-rox**^.] 
 
 1. To instruct by asking questions, and 
 correcting the answers. 
 
 1 will ca(ec/n.sethc world for him ; that is, make 
 questions, and bid them answer. iShakcsji. Othello. 
 
 Had those three thousand souls been catechised 
 by our modern casuists, we had seen a wide dif- 
 ference. Decay of Pictij. 
 
 2. To question; to interrogate; to exa- 
 mine ; to try by interrogatories. 
 
 Whv then I suck my teeth, and catechise 
 i\Iv piked man of countries. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 There flius about a strange report, 
 Of some express arriv'd at court ; 
 I'm stopp'd by all the fuols I meet, 
 And catcchis'd in ev'ry street. Swift. 
 
 Ca'techiser. 71. s. [from To catechise,] 
 One who catechises. 
 
 Ca'tECHISM. W. S, [from JUtJ^ipt^i^a;.] A 
 
 form of instruction bj^neans of questions 
 and answers, concerning religion. 
 
 Ways of teaching there have been sundr^'^ always 
 usual ni God's church ; for the first introduction 
 of youtli to the knowledge of God, the Jews even 
 till this da^' have thcU catechisms. Hooker. 
 
 He had no catechism but the creation, needed 
 no study but reflection, and read no book but the 
 volume of the world. South. 
 
 Ca'techist. 71. s, [xal»);^ir»i?.] Onewhose 
 charge is to instruct by questions, or to 
 question the uninstructed concerning 
 religion. 
 
 None of years and knowledge was admitted, 
 wiio had not been instructed by lUi; catechist in this 
 foundation, wliich the catecltist received from the 
 bishop. Hammond's Fuiuiamentals. 
 
 CaTECHU'MEN. «.S. [notirix^fA£»^.] One 
 who is yet in the first rudiments of chris 
 tianity ; the lowest order of Christians 
 in the primitive church. 
 
 The prayers of the church did not begin in St 
 Austin's time, till the Cdftc/iii/firitsweredismissed. 
 
 Stillingjieet 
 
 Catechume'nical. adj, [from catechu- 
 men.] Belonging to the catechumens. 
 
 Diet 
 Catego'rical. adj. [from eaftgo7'i/.] 
 Absolute; adequate; positive; equal to 
 the thing to be expressed. 
 
 The king's commissioners desired to know, whe- 
 ther the parliament's commissioners did believe 
 that bishops were unlawful ? They could never 
 obtain a categorical answer. Clarendon 
 
 A single proposition, which is also categorical, 
 may be divided again into simple and complex. 
 
 Wutts's Logick. 
 CATEGOKiCAht.Y. adv. [h'omcatego7ica I. ] 
 
 1. Directly ; expressly. 
 
 2. Positively ; plainly. 
 
 I dare affirm, and that categorically, in all parts 
 wherever trade is great, and continues so, that 
 trade must be natiunally profitable. 
 
 Child's Discourse if Trade. 
 
 CATEGORY, w. s. [Kal^yo^U.] A class ; 
 
 a rank ; anorder of ideas; a predicament. 
 
 The absolute infinitude, in a manner, (piite 
 chanties the nature of beings, and exalts them into 
 a different category. Cheyne. 
 
 Catena'rian. adj. [from catena, Lat.] 
 Relating to a chain ; resembling a chain. 
 
 In geometry, the catenarian curve is formed by 
 a rope or chain hanging freely between two points 
 of suspension. Harris. 
 
 The back is bent after the manner of the cate- 
 narian curve, by which it obtains that curvature 
 that is safest for the included marrow. 
 
 Chey/ie's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 CAT 
 
 To CATENATE, v. a. [from catena, Lat] 
 To chain. Diet. 
 
 Catenation, n. s. [from catena, Lat.] 
 Link ; regular connexion. 
 
 'J his cateiuttion, or conserving union, whenever 
 his jilcasure siiall divide, let go, or separate, they 
 shall fall from their existence. Brmon s Viilg. Err. 
 
 To Cater, v. n. [from catts.'] To pro- 
 vide food ; to buy in victuals, 
 lie that dotll tlie ravens feed. 
 Yea providently caters for the sparrow, 
 Be comfort to my age. Shakesp, As you tihe it. 
 
 Cater, n. .9. [From the verb.] Provider; 
 collector of provisions, or victuals: mis- 
 printed perhaps for caterer. 
 
 The oysters dredged in tliis Lyner, find a wel- 
 conieracceptance, where the taste is cater for the 
 stomach, than lliuse of tite Tamar. 
 
 Carew's Sni-vrij of Coniwalt. 
 Ca'ter. n. s. [quatre, Fr.] The four of 
 
 cards and dice. 
 Ca'ter-cousin. n. s. A corruption of 
 quatre-cousin, from the ridiculousness of 
 calling cousin or relation to so remote a 
 degree. 
 
 His master and he, saving your worship's re- 
 verence, are scarce ca(er-coust;is. 
 
 Shakesp. MerchaTit of Venice. 
 Poetry and reason, how come these to be cater- 
 cousins? Rymer's Tragedies of the last Age. 
 Ca'terer. 71. s. [from caler.] One em- 
 ployed to select and buy in provisions for 
 the family ; the providore or purveyor. 
 
 Let no scent offensive the chamber infest ; 
 Let fancy, not cost, prepare ail our dishes ; 
 
 J_.et tlie caterer mind the taste of each guest. 
 
 And the cook in his dressing comply with their 
 
 wishes. BenJonsons Tarem Academy, 
 
 He made the greedy ravens to be Elias's caterers, 
 
 and bring him food. King Charles. 
 
 Seldom shall one see in cities or courts that 
 
 alhletick vigour, which is seen in poor houses, 
 
 where nature is their cook, and necessity their 
 
 caterer. South. 
 
 C a'teress. n. s. [from cater.'] A woman 
 employed to cater, or provide victuals. 
 
 Impostor ! (in not charge innocent nature. 
 As if she would her children should be riotous 
 With her abundance: she, good cateress, 
 Means her provision only to the good. Milton. 
 
 Ca'terpillar. n. s. [This word .Skin- 
 ner and Minsheio are inclined to derive 
 from chatte peluse a weasel. It seems 
 easily deducible from gates food, and 
 pilhr, Fr. to rob ; the animal that eats 
 up the fruits of the earth.] 
 
 1. A worm which, when it gets wings, is 
 sustained by leaves and fruits. 
 
 The caterpillar breedeth of dew and leaves: 
 for \vc see intinite caterpillars breed upon trees and 
 hedges, by which the leaves of the trees or hedges 
 are consumed. Bacon, 
 
 Auster is drawn with a pot pouring forth water, 
 with which descend grasshoppers, caterpillart^ 
 and creatures bred by moisture. 
 
 Peacham on Draiving. 
 
 2. Any thing voracious and useless. 
 Ca'terpillar. n. s. [scorpioides, Lat] 
 
 The name of a plant. Miller. 
 
 To Caterwa'ul. v. n. [fromcai^] 
 
 1. To make a noise as cats in rutting time. 
 
 2. To make any offensive or odious noise. 
 What a caterieauVmg do you keep here ! If my 
 
 lady has not called up her steward Malvolio, arid 
 bid^him turn you out of doors, never trust me, 
 
 Shakespeare's Twelfth Nigi.t, 
 Was no dispute between 
 The coteruiott/ing brethren ? Hudibrai. 
 
 275
 
 CAT 
 
 GATES, n. s. [of uncertain etymology : 
 Skinner imagines it may be corrupted 
 from delicate ; which is not hkely, because 
 Junius observes, that the Dutch have 
 kater in the same sense with our cater. 
 It has no singular.] Viands; food; 
 dish of meat: generally employed to sig- 
 nify nice and luxurious food. 
 
 The fair acceptance, Sir, creates 
 The ciUertainment perfect, not the rales. B. Jonson. 
 
 O wasteful riot, never well content 
 With low prizM fare ; hunirer ambitious 
 Of cates bv land and sea far fetcht and sent. Raleigh. 
 
 Alas, how simple to these cates. 
 Was that crude ai iple that diverted Eve ! Par. Lost. 
 
 They, by th' alhiring odour drawn, in hasle 
 Fly to tlie 'dulcet cates, and crowding sip 
 Their palatable bane. Philips. 
 
 With costly cates she stain'd her frugal board. 
 Then with ill-gotten wealth she bought a lord. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ca'tfish. n. s. The name of a sea-fish 
 in the West Indies; so called from its 
 round head and large glaring eyes, by 
 which thty are discovered in hollow 
 rocks. Phillips. 
 
 Ca'tharpings. n. s. Small ropes in a 
 ship, running in little blocks from one 
 side of the shrouds to the other, near the 
 deck ; they belong only to the main 
 shrouds ; and their use is to force the 
 shrouds tight, for the ease and safety of 
 the masts, when the ship rolls. Harris. 
 
 CaTHA'RTICAL. 7 adj. [xoSa^Tixo;.] Purg- 
 
 Catha'rtick. j ing medicines. The 
 vermicular or peristaltick motion of the 
 guts continually helps on their contents, 
 from the pylorus to the rectum; and 
 every irritation either quickens that 
 motion in its natural order, or occasions 
 some little inversions in it. In both, 
 what but slightly adheres to the coats 
 will be loosened, and they will be more 
 agitated and thus rendered more fluid. 
 Ry this only it is manifest, how a cathar- 
 tic hastens and increases the discharges 
 by stool ; but where the force of the 
 stimulus is great, all the appendages of 
 the bowels, and all the viscera in the 
 abdomen, will be twiched ; by which a 
 great deal will be drained back into the 
 intestines, and made a part of what they 
 discharge. Quiiicy. 
 
 Quicksilver precipitated cither with gold, or 
 without addition, into a powder, is wont to be 
 strongly enough cathartical, though the chymists 
 have not proved, that either gold or mercury hath 
 any salt, much less any that is purgative. 
 
 Boifle s Sceptical Chymist. 
 Lustrations and catharticks of the mind"wcre 
 Bought for, and all endeavour used to calm and re- 
 gulate the fury of the passions. Decatj (>/' Piettt. 
 The piercing causticks ply their spiteful pow'r, 
 Emeticks ranch, and keen catharticks scour. Garth. 
 Plato lias called mathematical demonstrations the 
 catharticks or purgatives of the soul. A^ldis. Speeta. 
 
 Catha'rtic ALNESS, n. s. [from cathar- 
 tical.] Purging quality. 
 
 C a'thead. 71. s. A kind of fossil. 
 
 The nodules with leaves in them, called cat- 
 heads, seera to consist of a sort of iron stone, not 
 unlike that which is found in the rocks near 
 Whitehaven in Cumberland, where they call them 
 catscaups. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 Ca'thead. n. s. [in a ship.] A piece of 
 
 CAT 
 
 timber with two shivers at one end, 
 having a rope and a block, to which is 
 fastened a great iron hook, to trice up 
 the anchor from the hawser to the top 
 of the forecastle. Sea Diet. 
 
 Cathe'dral. adj. [from cathedra, Lat. 
 a chair of authority ; an episcopal see.] 
 
 1. Episcopal; containingtheseeofabishop. 
 
 A cathedral church is that wherein there are tw o 
 or more persons, with a bishop at the head of 
 them, that do make as it were one bod^' politick. 
 Aiiliffe s Parergon. 
 Methought I sat in seat of majesty, 
 111 the cathedral church of Westminster. 
 
 Shakes}). Henry VI. 
 
 2. Belonging to an episcopal church. 
 
 His constant and regular assisting at the cathe- 
 dral service was never interrupted by the shar[t- 
 ness of weather, I^icke. 
 
 S. In low phrase, antique; venerable ; old 
 This seems to be the meaning in the 
 following lines. 
 
 Here aged trees cathedral walks compose. 
 And mount the hill in venerable rows ; 
 There the green infants in their beds are laid. Pope. 
 
 Cathe'dral. n. s. The head church of 
 a diocese. 
 
 There is nothing in Leghorn so extraordinary 
 as the cathedral, which a man may view with plea- 
 sure, after he has seen St. Peter's. Addison on Ituly. 
 
 Ca'therine pear. See Pear. 
 
 For streaks of red were niinghd there. 
 Such as are on a Catherine pear. 
 The side that 's next the sun. Suckling. 
 
 Ca'tHETER. n. S. [xaBiTYi^.] A hollow 
 and somewhat crooked instrument, to 
 thrust into the bladder, to assist in bring- 
 ing away the urine, when the passage is 
 stopped by a stone or gravel. 
 
 A large clyster, suddenly injected, liath fre- 
 quently forced the urine out of the bladder ; but if 
 it fail, a caf'iefcr must help you. IVisemansSiirgerij. 
 
 Ca'tholes. n. s. [In a ship.] Two little 
 lioles astern above the gun-room ports, 
 to bring in a cable or hawser through 
 them to the capstan, when there is occa- 
 sion to heave the ship astern. Sea Diet. 
 
 Catho'licism. n. s. [from catholick.] 
 Adherence to the catholick church. 
 
 CATHOLICK. adj. [catholigue, Fr 
 xaSoTint©- universal or general] 
 
 1. The church of Jesus Christ is called ca- 
 tholick, because it extends throughout 
 the world, and is not limited by time. 
 
 2. Some truths are said to be catholick, be- 
 cause they are received by all the faithful . 
 
 3. Catholick is often set in opposition to 
 heretick or sectary, and to schismatick. 
 
 4. Cfl</i()/jVA- or canonical epistles, are seven 
 in number; that of St. James, two of St. 
 Peter, three of St. John, and that of St. 
 Jude. They are called catholick, because 
 they are directed to all the faithful, and 
 not to any particular church; and ca- 
 nonical, because they contain excellent 
 rules of faith and morality. Calmet. 
 
 Doubtless the success of those your great and 
 catholick endeavours will promote the empire of 
 man over nature, and bring plentiful accession of 
 glory to your nation. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Those systems undertake to give an account of 
 the formation of the universe, by mechanical 
 hypotheses of matter, moved either uncertainly, 
 or according to some cathobck laws, Ray 
 
 CAT 
 
 Catho'licon. n. s. [from catholick: 
 xaSoXiKoir fafta.] An universal medicine. 
 Preservation against that sin, is the coiileuipla- 
 tioii of the last judgment. This is indeed a catho- 
 (iciin against all; but we find it particularly apiilied 
 by St. Paul to judging and despising onr brethren. 
 Ooiernment oj the Tongue. 
 
 Ca'tkins. n. s. [kattekens, iJutch. In 
 botany.] An assemblage of imperfect 
 flowers hanging from trees, in manner 
 of a rope or cat's tail ; serving as m.i!e 
 blossoms, or flowers of the trees, by 
 which they are produced. Chambers. 
 
 Ca'tlike. adj. [from cat and like.] Like 
 a cat. 
 
 A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. 
 Lay couching bead on ground, with cattikt watch. 
 
 Sliaktjjt. 
 
 Ca'tling. n. S. 
 
 1. A dismembering knife used by sur- 
 geons. Harris. 
 
 2. It seems to be used by .Shakespeare for 
 catgut ; the materials of fiddle strings. 
 
 What musick there will be in him after Hector 
 has knocked out his brains, 1 know not. But. I 
 am sure, none ; unless the tidier Apollo get his 
 sinews to make catlings of. Shaktsp. 
 
 3. The down or moss growing about walnut 
 trees, resembling the hair of a cat. Harris. 
 
 Ca'tmint. 71. s. [eat aria, Lat.] The 
 
 name of a plant. IMiller. 
 
 Cato'ptrical. adj. [from catoptricks.] 
 
 Relating to catoptricks, or vision by 
 
 reflection. 
 
 A catoptrieal or dioptrical heat is superiour to 
 any, vitrifynig the hardest substances. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Air. 
 Cato'PTRICKS. 7t. s. [xaroir\o> a looking 
 glass.] That part of opticks which treats 
 of vision by reflection. 
 Ca'tpipe. n. s. [from cat and pipe.] The 
 same with catcal ; an instrument that 
 makes a squeaking noise. 
 
 Some songsters can no more sing in an^- cham- 
 ber but their own, than some clerks can read iji 
 any book but their own ; put theiu out of their 
 road once, and they are mere catpipes and dunces. 
 
 L^Estrange. 
 
 Cat's-eye. «. «. A stone. 
 
 Cat's-eue is of a glistering grey, interchanged 
 with a sti-aw colour. Woodward rni Fossils. 
 
 Cat's-foot. n. s. An herb; the same 
 with ulehonf, or ground-ivy ; which see. 
 Cat's-HEAD. n. s. A kind of apple. 
 
 Cat's-head, by some called the go-iio-furthcr, is 
 a very large ap'ple, and a good bearer. 
 
 M(>rtimei''s HuAandry. 
 
 C a't s I Lv E R . w . .?. A kind of fossil. 
 
 Catsilrer is composed of plates that are gene- 
 rally plain and parallel, and that are flexible oiid 
 elastick ; and is of three sorts, the yellow or golden, 
 the white or silvery, and the blacli. 
 
 ]Voodward on FmsiU. 
 
 CaTS-TAIU 71. S. 
 
 1 . A long round substance, that grows in 
 winter upon nut-trees, pines, Sfc. 
 
 2. .\ kind of reed which bears a spike like 
 the tail of a cat. 
 
 Phillips's World of Words. 
 Ca'tsup. n. s. .\ Kind of Indian pickle, 
 imitated by pickled mushroons. 
 And for our home-bred British cheer, 
 Botargo, catsup, and cavier. Su-ift. 
 
 Cattle. 71. s. [.\ word of very com- 
 mon use, but of doubtful or unknown 
 
 277
 
 C A U 
 
 etymology. It is derived by Skinner, 
 Menage, and Spelman, from capitalia, 
 quce ad caput pertinent ; personal goods: 
 in wliich sense chattels is yet used in our 
 law. Mandeville uses catele for price.] 
 
 1. Beastsot'pasture.notwild nordomestick. 
 
 Jlake poor men's catik break ilieir necks. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 .\\\i Gixi made the beast of tlie earlh after liis 
 kiilil, and cattlt after their kind, and every thing 
 tliat creepeili upon the earth after his kind. 
 
 Genesis, i. 2). 
 
 2. It is used in reproach of human beings. 
 
 Bovs and wcnueii are fur the most part cattle of 
 
 tliis colour. Shakesp. As uott like it. 
 
 C.walca'de. n. s. [Fr. from cavallo a 
 
 horse, It;d.] .\ procession on horseback. 
 
 Vour ctiialcade tlie fair spectators view. 
 From their high standings, Tct look nj> to you ; 
 From your brave train eacli singles out a ray. 
 And longs If* date a conquest from your day. 
 
 l>riidcn. 
 
 How must the heart of tlie old man rejoice, when 
 
 he saw such a immerous cavalcade of his own rais. 
 
 ing. Addison. 
 
 C.WALI'ER. n. s. [caralier, Fr.] 
 
 1. A horseman; a kni<;ht. 
 
 2. A gay, sprightly military man. 
 
 For who is he, whose chin is but enrich'd 
 With one appearing hair, that will not follow 
 These cull'u and cliuice drawn ctivaliers to France ? 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 3. The appellalion of the part)' of king 
 Charles the First. 
 
 Each party grows proud of that appellation, 
 which their adversaries at first intended as a re- 
 proach : of this sort were the Guelfs and Gibe- 
 lines, Huguenots, and Cavaliers. Swift. 
 Cavali'er. adj. [from the substantive.] 
 
 1 . Gay ; sprightly ; warlike. 
 
 2. Generous; brave. 
 
 The people are naturally not valiant, and not 
 much cavalier. Now it is tne nature of cowards to 
 hurt, where they can receive none. Suckling. 
 
 3. Disdainful ; haughty. 
 Cavalierly, adv. [from cavalier.] 
 
 Haughtily ; arrogantly ; disdainfully. 
 Ca'valry. n. s. [cavalerie, Fr.] Horse 
 troops ; bodies of men furnished with 
 horses for war. 
 
 If a state run most to gentlemen, and the hus- 
 bandmen and plowmen be but as their workfolks, 
 you may have a good cavalry, but never good 
 stable bands of foot. Bacons HcnryVll. 
 
 Their caialrij, in the battle of Blenheim, could 
 not sustain the shock of the British horse. 
 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 To C a'vate. v.a. [cave, Lat.] To hollow 
 out ; to dig into a hollow. 
 
 Cava'zion. n. s. [from cavo, Lat. In 
 architecture.] The hollowing or under- 
 digging of the earth for cellarage ; al- 
 lowed to be the si.xth part of the lieight 
 of the whole building. Phillips. 
 
 Ca'udkbeck. n. s. A sort of light hats, 
 so called from a town in France where 
 they were first made. Phillips. 
 
 C.\ UDLE. n.s. [chaudeau, Fr.] A mixture 
 of wine and otiier ingredients, given to 
 women in childbed, and sick persons. 
 
 Ye shall have a hempen caudle tiien, and the 
 help of a hatchet. Shakesp. Henrii VI. 
 
 He had good broths, candle, ana such like ; 
 and I believe he did drink some wine. 
 
 Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 To C.v'uDLE. I', a. [from the noun.] To 
 make caudle ; to mix as caudle. 
 
 C A U 
 
 >ViII the cold brook, 
 Candied wUh ice, candle thy murmng toast, 
 To cure tliy oVrnight's surft- It ? Siuik. Timon 
 
 CAVE. «. s. [carcj Fr. cavea^ \j\i] 
 
 1. A cavern ; a den; a hole entering hori- 
 zontally under the ground ; a habitation 
 in the earth. 
 
 The wraflifiil skies 
 Gallow the very wand'rers of tlie dark, 
 And make them keep tlicir caves. Hhak. K. Lear. 
 
 Bid iitm bring liis power 
 Before sun-rising, lest his sou George full 
 Into the blind aurof eternal night. .STju/;. 7?iV/(.III. 
 I'hey did square and carve, and polish their 
 stone and marble works, even in the very cave of 
 the quarry. JVattcm. 
 
 Through this a cave was dug with vast e.xpence ; 
 The work it seem'd of some suspicious prince. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A hollow; any hollow place. Not used. 
 
 The object of sight doth strike upon the pupii 
 of the eye directly ; whereas the cure of the ear 
 doth hold ofV the sound a little. Bacon s Nat. HUt. 
 
 To Cave. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 dwell in a cave. 
 
 Such as we 
 Cave here, haunt lieie, arc outlaws. Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'veat. n. s. [caveat, Lat. let kirn be- 
 ware.] Intimation of caution. 
 
 A caveat is an intimation given to some ordi- 
 nary or ecclesiastical judge by the act of man, no- 
 tifyine: to him, that he ought to beware how he 
 acts ill such or such an attair. AijUffe. 
 
 Tlie chiefest caveat iii reformation must be to 
 keep out the Scots. Speiistr on Ireland. 
 
 I am in danger of commencing poet, perhaps 
 
 laureat ; pray desire Mr. Rowe to enter a caveat. 
 
 Trumbull to Pope. 
 
 Ca'vern. w. $. [cavcrnoy Lat.] A hollow 
 place in the ground. 
 
 Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough 
 To mask thy monstrous visage ? !6hak. Jul. Ca:s. 
 
 Monsters of the foaming deep, 
 From the deep ooze and gelid cavern rous'd. 
 They flounce and tremble in unwieldy joy. 
 
 ^'homsP7i. 
 
 Ca'verned. adj. [from cavern.'] 
 
 1. Full of caverns : hollow; excavated. 
 
 Embattled troops, with flowing banners, pass 
 Through flow'ry meads, deligiited ; nor distrust 
 Tlie smiling surface ; whilst tl.e caverii'd ground 
 Bursts fatal, and involves the hopes of war 
 In fiery whiries. Philips. 
 
 High at his head from out the cavern d rock, 
 In living rills, a gushing fountain broke. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. Inhabiting a cavern. 
 
 No bandit fierce, no tyrant mad with pride. 
 No cavern'd hermit, rests self-satisfy'd. Pope. 
 
 Ca'vernous. adj. [from cavern,] Full 
 of caverns. 
 
 No great damages are done by earthquakes, ex- 
 cept onlv in those countries wHich are mountain- 
 ous, an(f consequently .stony and cart niCMS under- 
 neath. Woodward's Katural Histury. 
 
 CAVE'SSON, n. s. [Fr. In horseman- 
 ship.] A sort of noseband sometimes 
 made of iron, and sometimes of leather 
 or wood ; sometimes flat, and sometimes 
 hollow or tM'i.sted; which is put upon 
 the nose of a horsCj to forward the sup- 
 pling and breaking of him. 
 
 An iron caveason saves and spares the mouths of 
 vouu'i horses when they are broken ; for, by the 
 help of it, they are accustomed to obey the hand, 
 and to bend the neck and shoulders, without hurt- 
 ing their mouths, or spoiling their bars with the 
 bit. Farrier s Diet. 
 
 Cauf. n. s. A chest with holes in the 
 top, to keep fish alive in the water. 
 
 Phillips's World of Words. 
 
 C A V 
 
 Caught, parlicip. pass, [from To catch ; 
 
 which see.] 
 Cavia're. n.s. [the etymology uncertain, 
 unless it come from gurum, Lat. sauce, 
 or pickle, made of fish salted.] 
 
 The eg^s of a sturgeon, being salted and made 
 up into a mass, were tirst brought from Constanti- 
 nople by the Italians, and called caviare. 
 
 Grew's Mnsctum. 
 
 Cavi'kr. n. s. A corruption of caviare. 
 
 See Catsup. 
 To CA'VIL. V. n. [caviller, Fr. cavillari, 
 Lat.] To raise captious and frivolous 
 objections. 
 
 I'll give thrice so much land 
 To any well-deserving friend ; 
 But, in the way of bargain, mark 3'e ine, 
 I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry XV. 
 flly lord, you do not well, in obstinacy 
 To cavii in the course of this contract. 
 
 Shakesp. Hemy VI. 
 He cavils first at the poet's insisting so "much 
 upon the effects of Achilies's rage. 
 
 Pope's Notes on the Iliad. 
 
 To Ca'vil. v. a. To receive or treat with 
 
 objections. 
 Thou didst accept them : wilt thou enjoy the 
 good, 
 Then cavil the conditions } Paradise host. 
 
 Ca'vil. n. s. [from the verb.] False or 
 frivolous objections. 
 
 Wiser men consider how subject the best things 
 have been unto cni'//, when wits, possessed with dis- 
 dain, have set them up as their mark to shoot at. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Several divines, in order to answer the cavils of 
 those adversaries to truth and morality, began to 
 find out farther explanations, SiiiJ't. 
 
 Cavilla'tion. n. s. [from cavil.] The 
 disposition to make captious objection , 
 the practice of objecting. 
 
 I might add so much concerning the large odds 
 between the case of the eldest churches in regard 
 of heathens, and ours in resp' ct of the church of 
 Rome, that very cavillation itself should be sa- 
 tisfied. Hooker. 
 
 Ca'vilt.er. n. s. [cavillalor, Lat.] A 
 man fond of making objections ; an un- 
 fair adversary ; a captious disputant. 
 
 The candour which Horace shews, is that 
 which distinguishes a crilick from a caviller; he 
 declares, that he is nut offended at little faults, 
 which may be imputed to inadvertency. 
 
 Addisons Guardian. 
 There is, I grant, room still left for a caviller to 
 misrepresent my meaning. 
 
 Atlerhury's Preface to his Sermons. 
 
 Ca'villingly. flrfi'. [irom cavilling.] In 
 
 a cavilling manner. 
 Ca'villous. adj. [from cavil.] Unfair in 
 
 argument ; full of objections. 
 
 Those persons are said to be cavilhus and un- 
 faithful advocates, by whose fraud and iniqiiity 
 justice is destroyed. Ayliffe. 
 
 CA'ITN. n.s. [French. In the military 
 art.] h natural hollow, fit to cover a 
 body of troops, and consequently facili- 
 tate their approach to a place. Diet. 
 Ca'vity. n. s. [cavitas, Latin.] Hollow- 
 ness ; hollow ; hollow place. 
 
 The vowels are made by a free passage of 
 breath, vocalized through the cavity of the mouth ; 
 the said cavity being differently shaped by the 
 postures of the throat, timgue, and lips. 
 
 Holder's Elements cf Speech. 
 There is nothing to be left void in a firm build- 
 in" ; even the cavities ought not to be filled with 
 ruSbish, which is of a perishing kind. 
 
 Dryden's Dedication to Xneid. 
 
 278
 
 C A U 
 
 Materials packed together with wonderful art 
 in the several cavities of the skull. 
 
 Addison's SpfCtator. 
 An instrument with a small cavity, like a small 
 spoon, dipt in oil, may fetch out tlie stone. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Diet. 
 If the atmosphere was reduced into water, it 
 would not make an orb above thirty -two feet 
 deep, which would soon be swallowed up by the 
 cavity of the sea, and the depressed parts of the 
 cartli. Benttey. 
 
 Cauk. ji. s. A coarse talky spar. 
 
 Woodward. 
 Ca'lky. adj. [from cau/r.] A white, 
 opaque, cauky, spar, shot or pointed. 
 
 Wuodu'urd on Fossils. 
 Caul. n. s. [of uncertain etymology.] 
 
 1. The net in which women inclose their 
 hair ; the hinder part of a woman's cap. 
 
 Ne spared they to strip her naked all ; 
 Tlieii when they had despoil'd her tire and caul. 
 Such as she was, their eyes might her behold. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Her head with ringlets of her hair is crown'd ; 
 And in a golden caul the curls are bound. 
 
 Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 2. Any kind of small net. 
 
 An Indian mantle of feathers, and the feathers 
 wrought into a caul of packthread. 
 
 Crew's Mu&Eum. 
 
 3. The omentum ; the integument in which 
 the guts are inclosecL 
 
 The caul serves for the wanning the lower 
 bellv, like an apron or piece of woollen cloth. 
 Hence a certain gladiatour, whose caul Galen cut 
 out, was so liable to sutler cold, that he kept his 
 belly constantly covered with wool. Ray. 
 
 'the beast tiie3^ then divide, and disunite 
 'rile ribs and limbs, observant of the rite ; 
 On these, in double cauls involv'd with art, 
 The choicest morsels lay. Pope's Odyssei/. 
 
 Cauli'ferous. adj. [from caulis a stalk, 
 and fero to bear, Lat.] A term in bo- 
 tany for such plants as have a true stalk, 
 ■which a great many have not. 
 
 Ca'cliflovs^er. n. s. [from caulis, Lat. 
 the stalk of a plant.] A species of 
 cabbage. 
 
 Towards the end of the month, earth up your 
 winter plants and sallad herbs ; and plant forth 
 your cauUji(ywers and cabbage, which were sown in 
 August. Evdyiis Kalendar. 
 
 To Caulk. See To Calk. 
 
 To Ca'uponate. v. 11. [canpono, Lat.] 
 
 To keep a victualling-house ; to sell 
 
 wine or victuals. Diet. 
 
 Ca'usable. adj. [from causa, low Lat.] 
 
 That which may be caused, or effected 
 
 by a cause. 
 
 That may be miraculously effected in one, 
 which is naturally causable in .nnother. 
 
 Eroujis Vulgar Errours. 
 Ca'usal. adj. Icausalis, low Lat.] Relat- 
 ing to causes ; implying or containing 
 causes. 
 
 Every motion owning a dependence on pre- 
 required motors, we can have no true knowledge 
 of any, except we would distinctly pry into the 
 whole metlioa of causal concatenation. 
 
 Glanviltt's Scepsis Scientifica. 
 
 Causal propositions are, where two propositions 
 are joined by causal particles ; as, houses were not 
 built, that they might be destroyed ; Rehoboain 
 was unhappy, because he followed evil counsel. 
 
 M'atts's Lifgick. 
 Causa'lity.h. s. [causalitas, low Lat.] 
 The agency of a cause ; the quality of 
 causing. 
 
 As he created all things, so is he beyond and in 
 them all, in his very essence, as being the soul of 
 
 C A U 
 
 their cauj(i?ittC5, and the essential cause of their 
 existences. Broicn's Vuig. Err. 
 
 By an unadvised transiliency from the enect to 
 the remotest cause, we observe not the cunnecti'm, 
 through tiie interposal of more immediate causali- 
 ties. Gianviltts Scepsis. 
 
 Ca'usally. adv, [from causal] Accord- 
 ing to the order or series of causes. 
 
 I'hus may it mure be camallif made out, what 
 Hippocrates affirmeth. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Causa'tion. n. s. [from causo^ low Lat.] 
 The act or power of causing. 
 
 Ihus d'jih be sometimes delude us in the con- 
 ceits of stars and meteors, besides tlieir allowable 
 actions, ascribing effects thereunto of independent 
 causation. Browns ^ulg. Kit. 
 
 Ca'usative, adj, [a term in grammar.] 
 That expresses a cause or reason. 
 
 Causa'tor. n. s. [from cause, low Lat.] 
 A causer ; an author of any effect. 
 
 Demonstratively tinderslanding the simplicity 
 of perfection, and tiie invisible condition of the 
 first cau&ator, it was out of the power of carlh, or 
 the areopagy of hell, to work them from it. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 CAUSE, n. s, [causa, Lat.] 
 L That which produces or effects any 
 thing; the efficient. 
 
 The wise and learned, amongst tlie very hea- 
 thens themselves, have all acknowledged, sorae 
 first cause, whereupon originally the being of all 
 things dependcth : neither have they otherwise 
 spoken of that cause, than as an aj^ent, which, 
 knowing what and why it worketh, observeth, in 
 working, a most exact order or law. Hooker. 
 
 Butterflies, and other flies, revive easily when 
 they seem dead, being brought to the sun or fire ; 
 the cause whereof is the difl'usionof the vital spirit, 
 and the dilating of it by a little heat. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Cause is a substance exerting its power into act, 
 to make one thing begin to be. Locke. 
 
 2. The reason; motive to any thing. 
 
 The rest siiall bear some other sight. 
 As cause will be obey'd. SJiakesp. 
 
 So great, so constant, and so general a practice, 
 must needs have not onl v a cause, but also a great, 
 a constant, and a general cause, every way com- 
 mensurate to such an effect. South. 
 
 Thus, royal Sir ! to see you landed here. 
 Was cause enough of triumph for a yeav. Dryd. 
 
 JEneas wond'ring stood : then ask'd the cause. 
 Which to the stream the crowduig people draws. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Even he. 
 Lamenting that there had been cause of enmity. 
 Will often wish fate had ordaiu'd you friends. 
 
 JRou'e. 
 
 3. Reason of debate; subject of litiga- 
 tion. 
 
 O madness of discourse. 
 That cause sets up with and against thyself! 
 Bifold authority. Shakesp. 
 
 Hear tlie causes between your bretliren, and 
 judge righteously between every man and his bro- 
 ther, and the stranger that is with him. Deuter. 
 
 4. Side ; party ; ground or principle of 
 action or opposition. 
 
 Ere to thy cause, and thee, my heart inclin'd, 
 Or love to party had seduc'd ray mind. Tickell. 
 
 To Cause, t. a. [from the noun.] To 
 effect as an agent; to produce. 
 
 Never was man "huse apprehensions are sober, 
 and by a pensive inspection advised, but hath foui\d 
 by ail irresistible necessity one everlasting being, 
 ail for ever causing, and all for ever sustaining. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 It is necessary in such a chain of causes to as- 
 cend to and terminate in some first, wliich should 
 be the original of motion, and the cause of all 
 other things ; but itself be caused by none. 
 
 South. 
 
 C A U 
 
 She weeping asVd, in these her blooining years. 
 What unforeseen misfortune cniu'W her care. 
 To luatb her life, and languish in despair ? 
 
 Dryden's Fabift. 
 
 Things that more 90 swift as not to affect U.e 
 senses distinctly, and m cause not nny train of ideas 
 in the mind, are not perceived to move. Locke. 
 
 Ca'uselesly. adv. [from causeless.'] With- 
 out cause ; without reason. 
 
 Human laws are not to be broken with »caodaI, 
 nor at all without reason ; for lie that does it 
 
 causelesly, isadespiser of the law, and nnderviJues 
 its authority. Ta\jlor's Holy I iimg. 
 
 Ca'uselkss. adj. [from cause.] 
 
 1, Having no cause ; original in itself. 
 
 Reach ih' Almighty's sacred throne, 
 And make his causeUu pow r, tlie cause of all 
 things, known. Blackmore\ Creaticn. 
 
 2, Wanting just ground or motive. 
 
 Vet is my truth yplighi. 
 And love avow'd to other lady late, 
 That, to remove the same, I have no might . 
 To change love causekss, is reproach to warlike 
 knight. Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 And me and mine tJireats not with "war but 
 death ; 
 TIius causeless hatred endless is uneath. Fairfai. 
 
 The causeless dislike, which others have con- 
 ceived, is no sufficient reason for us to forbear in 
 any place. Hooker. 
 
 As women yet who apprehend 
 Some sudden cause of causeless fear. 
 Although that seeming cause take end, 
 A shaking through their limbs they find. WalUr. 
 
 Alas ! my fears are causeUss ana ungrounded, 
 Fantastick dreams, and melancholy fumes. Denh^ 
 
 Ca'user. n. s. [from cause.] He that 
 causes ; the agent by which an effect is 
 produced. 
 
 His whole oration stood upon a short narration, 
 what was the causer of this metamorphosis. Sidney. 
 
 Is not the causer of these timeless deaths 
 As blameful as the executioner? Shakesp 
 
 Abstinence, the anostle determines, is of no 
 other real value in religion, than as a ministerial 
 causer of moral effects. Bogcrf. 
 
 Ca'usey. 1 n. s. [ckaussee, Fr. This 
 Ca'useway. i word, by a false notion 
 of its etymology, has been lately written 
 causeivaj/.] A way raised and paved ; 
 a way raised above the rest of the 
 ground. 
 
 To Shuppira the lot carae forth westward by llie 
 causey. 1 Chron. .vxvi. 16. 
 
 The other way Satan went down, 
 Tlie causeu-av to heil-gate. 3i'//(i>fi. 
 
 But that broad causetcay will direct your wav, 
 And you may reach the town by noon of day'. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Whose causeu^y parts the vale with shady rows; 
 
 Whose seats the weary traveller repose. Poiie. 
 
 Ca'ustical. 1 adj. [xatrixo?.] Epithets 
 Ca'ustick. 3 of medicaments which 
 destroy the texture of the part to which 
 they are applied, and eat it away, or 
 burn it into an eschar, which they do by 
 extreme minuteness, asperity, antl quan- 
 tity of motion, that, like those of fire it- 
 self, destroy the texture of the solids, and 
 change what they are applied to into a 
 substance like burnt flesh ; M'hich, in a 
 little time, with detergent dressing, 
 falls quite off, and leaves a vacuit}* in the 
 part. Qi/im\i/. 
 
 If extirpation be safe, the best way will be by 
 CtUJi/icti/ medicines, or eM^aroticks. WisemunsSurg. 
 
 1 proposed eradicating by escaroticks, and be- 
 gan w iih a caustick stone. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Air too h*ft, cold, and moist, abounding jKrhaps 
 with caustick, astringent, and coagulating particles. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 279
 
 C A U 
 
 Ca'ustick. n. s. A burning applica- 
 tion. 
 
 It was a tenderness to mankind, that introduced 
 corrosives ami causticks, wliicli are indeed but ar- 
 tificial fires. Temple. 
 
 Tlie piercing ciimtieks ply their spiteful pow'r, 
 Eiueticlis raucli, and iieencatliarliclis scour. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 CA'UTKL. n. s. [rautela, Lat.] Caution ; 
 scruple: a word disused. 
 
 Perliaps he loves you now ; 
 And now no soil of cantcl dotn besmirch 
 The virtue of his will. Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'utelous. adj. \cautehux, Fr.] 
 
 1. Cautious; wary; provident. Not in use. 
 
 Palladio doth wish, like a caiitehits artisan, that 
 the inward walls might bear some good share in 
 the burden. Wottm. 
 
 2. Wily ; cunning ; treacherous. 
 
 Of themselves, for the most part, they are so 
 cautcloiis and wil^' headed, especially being raen of 
 so small experience and practice in law matters, 
 that you would wonder whence they borrow such 
 subtilties and sly shifts. Speiisir ott Ireland. 
 
 Your son 
 Will or exceed the common, or be caught 
 With cauleli'us baits and practice. Shakesp. 
 
 Ca'utelously. adv. [from cautelous.l 
 
 1. Cunningly; slily; treacherously. Not 
 in use. 
 
 All pretorian courts, if any of the parties be 
 laid asleep, under pretence of a retirement, and 
 the other party doth cantelmdii get the start and 
 advantage ; yet they will set "Ijack all things in 
 statu quo prius. Bacms War with Spain. 
 
 2. Cautiously ; warily. 
 
 The Jews, not resolved of the sciatica side of 
 Jacob, do cautelously, in their diet, abstain from 
 both. Brawn. 
 
 Cauterization, n. s. [from eaulerize.] 
 The act of burning flesh with hot irons, 
 or caustic medicaments. 
 
 They require, after cauterizatinn, no such ban- 
 dage, as that tliereby you need to fear interception 
 of the spirits. Wiseman. 
 
 To Ca'uterize. v. a. [cauteriser, Fr.] To 
 bum witli the cautery. 
 
 For each true word a blister, and each false 
 Be cauterizing to the root o' th" tongue. 
 Consuming it with speaking. Shakesp. 
 
 No marvel though cantharides have such a cor- 
 rosive and cauterizing quality ; for there is not one 
 other of the insecta, but is bred of a duller matter. 
 Bacms Natural Historij. 
 
 The design of the cautery is to prevent the ca- 
 nal from closing ; but the operators confess, that, 
 in persons cauterized, the tears trickle down ever 
 after. Shaqi's Surgeru. 
 
 CA'UTERY. n. s. [yalu, uro.] 
 
 Cauterii is either actual or potential ; the first is 
 burning by a hut iron, and the latter with c^ustick 
 medicines. The actual cautery is generally used 
 to stop mortification, by burning the dead parts 
 to the quick ; or to stop the effusion of blood, hy 
 searing up the vessels. Quincy. 
 
 In heat of fight it will be necessary to have 
 your actual cautery always ready ; fo"r that will 
 secure tlie bleeding arteries in a moment. 
 
 Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 C.VUTION. n. s. [caution, Fr. cautio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Prudence, as it respects danger ; fore- 
 sight ; provident care ; wariness against 
 evil. 
 
 2. Security for. 
 
 Such conditions, and cautions of the condition, 
 
 as might assure with as much assurance as w orldly 
 
 matters bear. _ Siiiney. 
 
 'J"he Cedar, upon this new acquest, gave him 
 
 part ofBaccharia for cjKtitm for his disbursements. 
 
 Howell. 
 
 The parliament would yet give his majesty 
 
 sufiicient caution that the war should be prosecuted. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 C E A 
 
 He that objects any crime, ought to pive cau- 
 tion, by tlie means uf sureties, tltat lie will perse- 
 vere in the prosecution of such crimes. 
 
 Axfliffes Parergon. 
 
 3. Provision or security against. 
 
 In despite of all the rules and cawf/ojis of govern- 
 ment, the most dangerous and mortal of vices will 
 come off. UEsti^ange. 
 
 4. Provisionary precept. 
 
 Attention to the forementioned symptoms af- 
 fords the best cautions and rules of diet, ny way of 
 prevention. Arbuthnot. 
 
 5. Warning. 
 
 To Ca'ution. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To warn ; to give notice of a danger. 
 
 How shall our thought avoid the various snare ? 
 Or wisdom to our caiition'd suui declare 
 The difT'rent shapes thou pleasest to employ. 
 When bent to hurt, and certain to destroy ? 
 
 Priiyr. 
 
 You caution'd mv against iheir charms. 
 But never gave me equal arms. SwiJ}. 
 
 Ca'ution ARY.fl^".[fromcflM/ioM.] Given 
 as a pledge, or in security. 
 
 I am made the cautionary pledge. 
 The gage and hostage of your keeping it. 
 
 Sontherne. 
 
 Is there no security for the island of Britain ? 
 Has the enemy no cautiimarxf towns and sea-ports 
 to give us for securhig trade? Swift. 
 
 Ca'utious. adj. [from cautus, Lat.] 
 Wary ; watchful. 
 
 Be cawtiow of him ; for he is sometimes an in- 
 constant lover, because he hath a great advantage. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Ca'utiously. adv. [from cautious.] In 
 an attentive, wary manner ; warily, 
 
 Ihty 
 
 know how fickle common lovers arc : 
 
 Their oaths and vows are cautiimsly believ'd 
 For few there are but have been once deceiv'd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Ca'utiousnESS. m. .t. [from cautious.] 
 Watchfulness ; vigilance ; circumspec- 
 tion ; provident care ; prudence with 
 respect to danger. 
 
 I could not but approve their generous con- 
 stancy and cautiousness. ■^"'g' Charles. 
 
 We should ahsays act with great cyntiousntss 
 and circumspection, in points where it is not im- 
 possible that we may be deceived. Addison. 
 
 To CAW.t, n. [taken from the sound.] To 
 cry as the rook, raven, or crow. 
 
 Russet-pated choughs, many in sort, 
 Rising and cawing at the gun's report. Shakesp. 
 
 A walk of aged elms, so very high, that the 
 rooks and crows upon the tops seem to be cawing 
 in another region. Addison. 
 
 The rook, who high amid tlie boughs. 
 In early spring, his airy city builds. 
 And ceaseless caws. Thomsons Spring. 
 
 To CEASE. V. n. [cesser, Fr. cesso, Lat.] 
 
 1. To leave off; to stop ; to give over; to 
 desist : with from before a noun. 
 
 The lives of ail, who cease Jrom comliat, spare ; 
 My brother 's be your most peculiar care. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To fail ; to be extinct ; to pass away. 
 
 The poor man shall never cease out of the land. 
 Denteronoijuj. 
 The soul being removed, the faculties and ope- 
 rations of life, sense, and inteilecuun, cease from 
 that moles corporea, and are no longer in it. 
 
 HaU's Origin of Mankind. 
 :j. To be at an end. 
 
 But now tlie wonder ceases, since I see 
 She kept them only, Tityrus, for thee. Dryden. 
 4. To rest. 
 
 The ministers of Christ have ceased from their 
 labours. Spratt. 
 
 To Cease, v. a. To put a stop to; to 
 put an end to. 
 
 C E D 
 
 Importune him for monies : be not ceas'd 
 With slight denial. Shokesp, 
 
 You may sooner, by imagination, quicken or 
 alack a motion, than raise or cease it ; as it is easier 
 to make a dog go slower, than to make him stand 
 still. Bacon s Natural History. 
 
 Cease then this impious rage. Milton. 
 
 But he, her fears to cease, 
 Sent down_ the meek-eyed peace. Milton. 
 
 The discord is complete, nor can they cease 
 The dire debate, nor yet command the peace. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Cease, w. s. [from the verb.] Extinc- 
 tion ; failure : perhaps for decease. 
 
 The cease of majesty 
 Dies nut alone, but, like a gulph", withdraws 
 What 's near it with it. Shafiesp. 
 
 Ce'aseless. adj. [from cease.] Inces- 
 sant ; pei*petual ; continual ; without 
 pause ; without stop ; without end. 
 
 J\Iy guiltless blood must quench tlie cease/ess fire, 
 On which my endless tears were bootless spent. 
 
 rairfax. 
 
 All these with ceaseless praise his works beliold. 
 
 Both day and night. Milton. 
 
 Like an oak 
 That stands secure, though all the winds employ 
 Their ceaseless roar ; and only sheds its leaves. 
 Or mast, which the revolving spring restores. 
 
 ^ ^ PhiUps. 
 
 Ce'city. «. s. [ccecitaSy Lat.] Blindness; 
 privation of sight. 
 
 They are not blind, nor yet distinctly see ; there 
 is in them no cecity, yet more than acecutlency ; 
 they have sight enough to discern the light, though 
 not perhaps to distinguish objects or Colours. 
 
 Brown's Vidgar Errours. 
 
 Cecu'tiency. n. s. [cfecutio, Lat.] 
 Tendency to blindness ; cloudiness of 
 
 sight. 
 
 There is in them no cecity, yet more thaii a 
 cecntiency. Brown s Vulgar Errnurs. 
 
 CEDAR, w, 5. [cedruSj Lat.] A tree. 
 
 It is ever green ; the leaves are much narrower 
 than those of the pine tree, and many of them pro- 
 duced out of one tubercle, resembhng a painter's 
 pencil ; it hath male flowers, or katkjns, produced 
 at remote distances from the fruit on the same tree. 
 The seeds arc produced in large cones, squamosa 
 and turbinated The extension of the brandies is 
 very regular in cedar trees ; the ends of the shoots 
 declining, and thereby shewing their upper surface, 
 which is constantly cloathed with green leaves, so 
 regularly, as to appear at a distance like a green 
 carpet, and, in waving about, make an agreeable 
 prospect. It is surprising that this tree has not been 
 more cultivated in England ; for it would be a great 
 ornament to barren bleak mountains, even in Scot- 
 land, where few other trees would grow ; it being 
 a native of Mount Libanus, where the snow con- 
 tinues most part of the year. Manudrel, in his 
 Travels, says, he measured one of the largest ct- 
 dars on Mount Lihaiius, and found it to be twelve 
 yards six inches in circumference, and sound. At 
 about Ave or six yards from the ground, it was 
 divided into five limbs, eacli of which wns equal 
 to a great tree. The wood of this famous tree is 
 accoiinted proof against the putrefaction of ani- 
 mal bodies. The saw-dust is thought to be one 
 of the secrets used hy the mountebanks, who pre- 
 tend to have the emb'alming mystery. This wood 
 is also said to yield an on, which is famous for 
 preserving books and writings ; and the wood is 
 thought by Bacon to continue above a thousand 
 years sound. Miller. 
 
 I must yield my body to the earth : 
 Thus yields the cedar to the axe": edge, 
 Whose arms gave shelter to the princely eagle; 
 Vender whose shade the ramping lion slept ; 
 Whose top-branch overpeer'd Jove's spreading 
 
 tree. 
 And kept low shrubs from winter's pow'rful wind. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ce'drine. adj. [cedrinus, Lat.] Of or 
 belonging to the cedar tree, 
 
 280
 
 C E L 
 
 To CEIL. V. a. [calo, Lat] To overlay, 
 or cover, the inner roof ofa building. 
 
 And the greater house he ceiled wiih fir-tree, 
 ■which he over-laid with line yold 2 Chnmictes. 
 
 How will he, from his house ceiled with cedar, 
 be content with his Saviour's lot, not to have 
 where to lay his head ? Deeau of Piely. 
 
 Ce'iling. n. s. [from ceil.] The inner roof. 
 Varnish makes ceitijigs not only shine, but last. 
 
 Bacon. 
 And now the thiclen'd sky 
 Like a dark ceiling stood ; dow n rush'd the rain 
 Impetuous. Millm's yuradise Lost. 
 
 So when the suu by day, or moon by night, 
 Strike on the polish'd brass their tremhling light, 
 The glitfring species here and there divide, 
 And cast their dubious beams from side to side : 
 Now on the walls, now on the pavement play, 
 And to the ceiling flash the glaring day. Dri/den. 
 
 Ce'landine. n.s. [chelidoneum, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 
 The swallows use celandine, the linnet euphra- 
 gia. More. 
 
 Ce'lature. n. s. [calatura, Lat.] The 
 
 art of engraving, or cutting in figures. 
 To CELEBRATE, r. a. [relebro, Lat] 
 J . To praise ; to commend ; to give praise 
 to; to make famous. 
 
 The songs of Sion were psalms and pieces of 
 poetry, that adored or celebrated the Supreme 
 Being. Addison. 
 
 1 would have him read over the celehrated works 
 of antiquity, which have stood the test of so many 
 different ages. Addism. 
 
 2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to per- 
 form solemnly. 
 
 He slew all them that were gone to celebrate the 
 sabbath. 2 Maccabees. 
 
 On the feast day, the father Cometh forth, after 
 divine service, into a large room, where tlie feast 
 is celebrated. Bacon. 
 
 3. To mention in a set or solemn manner, 
 
 whether of joy or sorrow. 
 
 This pause of pow'r 'lis Ireland's hour to mourn ; 
 While England celebrates your safe return. Dryd. 
 
 Celebra'tion. n. s. [from celebrate.] 
 
 1. Solemn performance; solemn remem- 
 brance. 
 
 He laboured to drive sorrow from her, and to 
 hasten the celebration of their marriage. Sidney. 
 
 He shall conceal it. 
 While you are willing it shall come to note ; 
 What time we will our celebration keep, 
 According to my birth. Shakesp. 
 
 During the celebration of this holy sacrament, 
 you attend earnestly to what is done by the priest. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 2. Praise; renown; memorial. 
 
 No more shall be added in this place, his me- 
 mory deserving a particular celebration, than that 
 his learning, piety, and virtue, have been attained 
 bv few. _ Clarendon. 
 
 _ Some of the ancients may be thought some- 
 times to have used a less number of letters, by the 
 celebration of those who have added to their al- 
 phabet. Holder's Elements of Speech. 
 
 Cele'brious. adj. [celeber, Lat.] Famous; 
 renowned ; noted. Not in use. 
 
 The Jews, Jerusalem, and the Temple, having 
 been always so celebrious; yet when, after tliei'r 
 captivities, they were despoiled of their glory, 
 even then Assyrians, Greeks, and Romans, ho- 
 noured with sacrifices the Most High God, whom 
 that nation worshipped. Grew. 
 
 Cele'briously. adv. [from ctlebrious.] 
 In a famous manner. 
 
 Cele'briousness. n.s. [(ron^celebrious.] 
 Renown ; fame. 
 
 Celebrity, n. s. [celebritas, Lat.] Pub- 
 lick and splendid transaction. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 C E L 
 
 The manner of her receiving, and the celebrity 
 of the marriage, were performed with great mag- 
 nificence. Bacon. 
 Cele'riack. w.«. a species of parsley; 
 
 it is also called turnep rooted ctUry. 
 Cele'rity. U.S. [ceieritas, Lat.] Swift- 
 ness ; speed ; velocity. 
 
 We very well see in them, who thus plead, a 
 wonHerfufcWmfv of discourse ; for, perceiving at 
 the first but (jnly somecause of suspicion, and fear 
 lest it siiould be evil, they are presenll3', in one 
 and the seif-same breath, resolved, that what be- 
 ginning soever it liad, there is no possibility it 
 should be good. Httoker. 
 
 His former custom and practice was ever fuli of 
 forwardness^ and celerity to make head aeain.st 
 them. Bacon. 
 
 Tims, with imagin'd wings, our swift scene flies, 
 III motion with no less cekrtty 
 Than that of thouglit. Sliakesp. 
 
 Three things concur tomake a percussion great ; 
 the bigness, the denbit3', and the celerity of the 
 body moved. ^'b^U- 
 
 "Whatever encreasetli the density of the blood, 
 even without encreasing its celerity, heats, be- 
 cause a denser body is hotter than a rarer. 
 
 ArbutJuwt on .Jiments. 
 
 Ce'lery. n. s. A' species of parsley; 
 
 ■which see. 
 CELESTIAL, adj. [celestis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Heavenly; relating to the superior re- 
 gions. 
 
 There stay, until the twelve celestial signs 
 Have brought about tlieir annual reckoning. Shak. 
 
 The ancients commonly applied celestial de- 
 scriptions of other climes to their own. 
 
 Broun s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. Heavenly ; relating" to the blessed state. 
 
 Play that sad note 
 I nam'd my knell, whilst I sit meditating 
 On that celestial harmony I go to. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Heavenly, ^vith respect to excellence. 
 
 Canst tliou pretend desire, whom zeal inflam'd 
 To worship, and a pow'r celestial nam'd? Dryden. 
 
 leiemachus, his bloomy face 
 Glowing celestial sweet, with godlike grace. Pope. 
 
 Cele'stial. 71 s, [from the adj.] An in- 
 habitant of heaven. 
 
 Thus affable and mild the prince precedes, 
 And to the dome th' unknown celestial leads. Pope. 
 
 Cele'stially. adv, [from celestial.] In 
 a heavenly manner. 
 
 To Cele'stify. v. a. [from celestis, Lat.] 
 To give something of heavenly nature 
 to any thing. Not used. 
 
 We should affirm, that all things were in all 
 things, that heaven were but earth terrestrified, 
 and earth but heaven celeslijied, or that each part 
 above had influence upon its affinity below. 
 
 Broun s T it/g-. Errours. 
 
 Ce'liack. (7<f/.[y.oiVi«the belly.] Relating 
 to the lower belly. 
 
 The blood moving slowly through the celiack 
 and mcsenterick arteries, produces complaints. 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments 
 
 Ce'libacy. n. s. [from ccelehs, Lat.] Single 
 life ; unmarried state. 
 
 I can attribute llieir numbers to nothing; but 
 their frequent marriages ; for they look oucclihacu 
 as an accursed state, and generally are married 
 before twenty. Spectator. 
 
 By teaching them how to carry themselves in 
 their relations i*f husbands and wives, parents and 
 children, thoy have without ijuestiun, adorned the 
 gospel, glorified God, and benefited man. much 
 more than tliev could have done in the devoutest 
 and strictest cWiiac]/. Atterbury. 
 
 Ce'libate. w.«. [calibatus, Lat.] Single 
 life. 
 
 C E M 
 
 The males oblige themselves u> celibate and tlicr 
 multiplication is hindered. Oraunt. 
 
 CtLL. n.s. [cella, Lat.] 
 
 1. A small cavity or liollow place. 
 
 The brain contains ten thousand ctUs; 
 In each some active fancy dwells. Prijir. 
 
 How bees forever, though a monarch reign. 
 Their scp'ratc cells an'l properties maintain. Pope. 
 
 2. The cave or little habitation of a reli- 
 gious person. 
 
 Besides, she did intend confession 
 At Patrick's cell this ev'n ; and there she was not. 
 
 Then did religion in a lazy celt, 
 In empty, airy contemplations dwell. Denitam. 
 
 3. A small and close apaitment in a prison. 
 
 4. Any small place of residence ; a cottage. 
 
 Mint eyes he clos'd, but open left the cell 
 Of fancy," my internal sight. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 For ever in this humble cell 
 Let thee and I topetlier dwell. Privr. 
 
 In cottages and lowly cells 
 True piety neglected rfwclls ; 
 Till caird"to hcav'n, it^ native scat. 
 Where the gnod man alone is great. .Somcruif/e. 
 
 5. Little bags or bladders, where fluids, or 
 matter of different sorts, arc lodged ; com- 
 mon both to animals and plants. Quincy. 
 
 Ce'llar. n. s. [cellii, Lat.] A place under 
 ground, where stores and liquors are 
 reposited. 
 
 If this fei.ow had lived in the time of Cato, he 
 would, for his punishment, have been confined to 
 the bottom of a cd/ur during his life. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 Ce'llarage. n. s. [from cellar.'] The 
 part of the building which makes the 
 
 cellars. 
 
 Come on, you hear this fellow in the cellarage. 
 
 Shakes}'. 
 
 A good ascent makes a house wholesome, and 
 gives opportunity for cellarage. Mortimer's Husb. 
 
 Ce'llarist. n. s. [cellarius, Lat.] The 
 butler in a religious house. Diet. 
 
 Ce'llv'lar. adj. [cellula, Lat.] Consist- 
 ing of little cells or cavities. 
 
 The urine, insinuating itself amongst the neigh- 
 bouring muscles, and cellular membranes, 3e- 
 stroyed four. Sharp's Surg. 
 
 Ce'lsitude. n. s. [celsitudo.La.t.] Height. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 CEMENT, n. s. [ctementum, I^t.] 
 1. The matter with which two bodies are 
 made to cohere, as mortar or glue. 
 
 Your temples burned in their cement, and vout 
 franchises confined into an au^re's bore. Shak. 
 
 There is a cement compounded of flour, whites 
 of eggs, and stones powdered, that becometh hard 
 as marble. Bacon. 
 
 You may see divers pebbles, and a crust of ce- 
 ment or stotie betw een them, as bard as the pebbles 
 themselves. Baccm. 
 
 The foundation was made of rough stone, 
 
 joined together with a most firm cement ; upon this 
 
 was laid another layer, consisting of small stones 
 
 and cement. ' .irhnthnot on Cmni. 
 
 •2. Bond of union in friendship. 
 
 Let not the peace of virtue, which is set 
 Betwixtns as the cement of our love. 
 To kee,i it budded, be the ram to batter. Shak. 
 
 \Vhat cement should unite heaven and earth, 
 lisht and darkness ? Glanrille. 
 
 "L<iok lAer tlie whole creation, and you shall 
 see, thai the band or cement, that holds together 
 all the parts of tliis great and glorious fabrFck, is 
 gratitude. Smrth. 
 
 To Ceme'nt. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 unite by means of something interposed. 
 
 But how the fear of us 
 May cement their divisions, and bind up 
 The" petty ditference, wc jet not know. Shale. 
 
 o 
 
 281
 
 C E N 
 
 Ijquid bodies have nothing to cement them ; 
 they are ;ill loose and incoherent, and in a iierne- 
 tual flux : even an heap of sand, or fnic powder, 
 will sutler uohollowncss witliinthcni, though they 
 be dry substances. Burnet's Thcor^ofthe Earth. 
 
 Love with " hite lead cements his wings j 
 White lead was sent us to repair 
 
 Two brightest, brittlest, carllily things, 
 A lady's face, and china ware. SwiJ't 
 
 To Ceme'nt. r. n. To come in conjunc- 
 tion ; to cohere. 
 
 When a wound is recent, and the parts of it are 
 divided by' a sliarp instrument, they will, if held 
 in close contact for some tiiiu^, reunite by inoscu- 
 lation, and cement like one branch of a tree in- 
 grafted on another. Sharp's Siirgerii. 
 Ceme'nter. n.s. [from cement.] A per- 
 son or tiling that unites in society. 
 
 God having designed man for a sociable crea- 
 ture, furnished hini with language, which was to 
 be the great instrument and ccnicnter of society. 
 
 Lixhc. 
 
 Cementa'tion. «. s. [from Cf;nt7j/.] The 
 
 act of cementing, or uniting with cement. 
 
 Ce'metry. n. s. [xoijj.y^^i,.).'] A place 
 
 where the dead are reposited. 
 
 The souls of the dead appear frequently in ff 
 meteries, and hover about llie places where their 
 bodies are buried, as still hankering about their 
 old brutal pleasures, and desiring again to enter 
 the body. Addism. 
 
 Cen, and CiN, denote kiiisfvlk: so Cin- 
 ulph is a help to his kindred ; Cinehclm, 
 a protector of his kinsfolk ; Cinburg, the 
 defence of his kindred ; Cinric, power- 
 ful in kindred. Gibson. 
 Ce'natory. adj. [from ceno to sup, Lat.] 
 Relatiug to supper. 
 
 The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore 
 a cenatory garment ; and the same was practised 
 by them. Broien's ^ulg. Err. 
 
 Cexobi'tical. adj. [xoTv®- and /Si©-.] 
 Living in community. 
 
 They have multitudes of religious orders, black 
 and Erey, eremitical and ceiiobUical, and nuns. 
 
 Stillingficet. 
 
 Ce'notAph. n.s. [x£»®- and Ta(p®-.j A 
 monument for one buried elsewhere. 
 
 Priam, to whom the story was unknowji, 
 .\s dead deplor'd his metamorphos'd son j 
 A cenotaph his name and title kept. 
 And Hector round the tomb witii all his brothers 
 wept. Druden's Fables. 
 
 The ."Vthcnians, when they lost any men at sea, 
 raised a cenotaph, or empty monument. 
 
 Notes on the Odt/sseii. 
 
 Cense, n. s. [census, Lat.] Publick rate. 
 
 We see what floods of treasure have flowed into 
 
 Europe by that action ; so that the cetise, or rates 
 
 of Christendom, are raised since ten times, yea 
 
 twenty times told. Bacon. 
 
 To CENSE. V. a. [encenser, Fr.] To per- 
 fume with odours : contracted trom j«- 
 cense. 
 
 The Salii sing, and Cfnse his altars round 
 With Saban smoke, theirheads with poplar bound. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 Grineus was near, and cast a furious look 
 On the side altar cens'd with sacred smoke. 
 And bright with flaming fires. Dryden. 
 
 Ce'nser. «. s. [encensoir, Fr.] 
 
 1. The pan or vessel in which incense is 
 burned. 
 
 Antoni 1 us gave Piety, in his money, like a lady 
 with a censer before an altar. Peach, on Drawing. 
 
 I Of incense clouds. 
 Fuming from golden ceyucrs, hid the mount. Milt. 
 
 2. A pan in which any thing is burned ; 
 (irepati. 
 
 Here's snip, and nip, and cut, andslish, and 
 Hiish, 
 Like to a censer in a barber's shop. Shahesp. 
 
 CEN 
 
 Ce'nsion. n.s. [censio, Lat.] A rate, an 
 assessment. 
 
 God intended this cension oidy for the blessed 
 Virgin and her son, that Christ might be born 
 w here he should. Joseph Hall. 
 
 Ce'nsor. n.s. [censm; Lat.] 
 
 1. An officer of Rome, who had the pcwer 
 of correcting manners. 
 
 •2. One who is given to censure and ex- 
 probation. 
 
 Ill-natur'd censors of the present age, 
 .4nd fond of all the follies of the last. Roscommon. 
 
 The most severe censor cannot but be pleased 
 with the priidig-alily of his wit, though at the 
 same time, he could'have wished, that tne master 
 of it had been a better manager. Dryden. 
 
 Censo'rian. adj. [troia censor.] Relating 
 to the censor. 
 
 As the chancery had the prctorian power for 
 equity, so the stavchandier had the ci'Hsarian power 
 foroti'ences under the degree of capital. Bacon. 
 
 Censorious, adj. [from censor.] 
 
 1. Addicted to censure ; severe; full of 
 invectives. 
 
 Do not too many believe no religion to be pure, 
 but what is intemperately rigid ? no zeal to be spi- 
 ritual, but what is censorious, or vindicative ? Spj-att. 
 
 O let thy presence make my travels light! 
 And potent \'enus shall exalt thy name 
 .'Vbove the rumours of censorious fame. Prior. 
 
 2. Som.etimes it has of before the object 
 of reproach. 
 
 A dogmatical spirit inclines a roan to be censo- 
 rious of his neighbours. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 3. Sometimes on. 
 
 He treated all his inferiours of the clergy with a 
 most sanctitied pride ; was rigorously and" univer- 
 sally censorious upon all his brethren of tlie gown. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Censo'riously. adv. [from censorious.] 
 In a severe reflecting manner. 
 
 CENSo'RiouSNESS.n.i. [fromcensorjojw.] 
 Disposition to reproach; habit of re- 
 proaching. 
 
 Sourness of disposition, and rudeness of beha- 
 viour, censerrionsness and sinister interpretation of 
 things, all cross and distasteful humours, render 
 the conversation of men grievous and uneasy to 
 one another. Tilloison. 
 
 Ce'nsorship. n.s. [from cenwr.] 
 
 1. The office of a censor. 
 
 2. The time in which tlie office of censor 
 is born. 
 
 It was brouglit to Rome in the censorship of 
 Claudius. B^oun's 1 ulg. F.>'^: 
 
 Ce'nsurable. adj. [from censure.] Wor- 
 thy of censure ; blamcable ; culpable. 
 
 A small mistake may leave upon the mind the 
 lasting memgry of having been taunted for some- 
 thing censurable. Locke. 
 
 Ce'nsurableness. n. s. [from censura- 
 ble.] Blameableness ; fitness to be cen- 
 sured. 
 
 CENSURE, n. s. [censura, Latin.] 
 
 1. Blame; reprimand; reproach. 
 
 Enough for half the greatest of these days 
 To 'scape my cfjisinT, not e.vpect my praise. Pope. 
 
 2. Judgment ; opinion. 
 
 Madam, aud you, my sister, will you go 
 To give your censures in this weighty business ? 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 3. Judicial sentence. 
 
 To you, lord governour. 
 Remains the* censure of this hellish villain. Shak. 
 
 4. Spiritual punishment inflicted by some 
 ecclesiastical judge. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Upon the unsuccessfulness of milder medica- 
 ments, use that stronger physick, the censures of 
 the church. Hainmand. 
 
 CEN 
 
 To Ce'nsitre. f. a. [censurer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To blame ; to brand publickly. 
 
 The like censurings aud despisings have embit- 
 tered the spirits, aird whetted both the tongues 
 and pens of learned men one against another. 
 
 Handerson. 
 
 2. To condemn by a judicial sentence. 
 Ce'nsurer. 71. s. [from censure.] He that 
 
 blames ; he tiiat reproaches. 
 
 We must not stint 
 Our necessary actions, in the fear 
 To cope malicious censurers, Shak. //enry VHl 
 A statesman, who is possessed of real merit, 
 should look upon his political cetisurcrs with the 
 same neglect that a good writer regards his 
 criticks. Addison. 
 
 Cent. n. s. [centum, Lat. a hundred.] A 
 hundred; as, fixe per cent, that is, five 
 in the hundred. 
 
 Centaur. 71. s. [centaurus. L,zt.] 
 
 1. A poetical being, supposed to be com- 
 pounded of a man and a horse. 
 
 Uow n from the waist they are centaurs, though 
 women all above. Shakesp. 
 
 The idea of a centaur has no more falsehood in 
 it than the name centaur. Locke. 
 
 2. The archer in the zodiack. 
 
 The chearlcss empire of the sky 
 To Capricorn the Centaur archer yields. TItomson. 
 
 Ce'ntaury, greater and less, [centauri- 
 urn.] Two plants. 
 
 Add pounded galls, and roses dry, 
 And with Cecropian thyme strong scented centaury 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ce'ntenary. n. s. [centenarius, Lat.] 
 The number of a hundred. 
 
 In every centenaru of years from the creation, 
 some small abatement should have been made. 
 Hukcuill on Providence. 
 Cente'simal. n. s. [centesimus, Lat.] 
 Hundredth ; the next step of progression 
 after decimal in the arithmetick of frac- 
 tions. 
 
 The neglect of a few centesimals in the 5ide of 
 the cube, would bring it to an equality with the 
 cube of a foot. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Centifo'lious adj. [from cetitum and 
 folium, Lat.] Having an hundred leaves. 
 
 Ce'ntipede n.s. [from centum and pes.] 
 A poisonous insect in the West Inches, 
 commonly called by the English forty 
 legs. 
 
 CE'XTO. n.s. [cento, Lat.] A composition 
 formed by joining scraps from other 
 authors. 
 
 It is quilted, as it were, out of shreds of divers 
 
 poets, such as scholars call a cento. Camden's Hem. 
 
 If any man think the poem a cenfo. our poet 
 
 will but liave done the same in jest whicli Boileau 
 
 did in earnest. Advertisement to Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 Ce'ntral. adj. [from centre.] Relating 
 to the centre ; containing the centre ; 
 placed in the centre, or middle. 
 
 There is now, and was then, a space or cavity 
 in the central parts of it : so large as to give recep- 
 tion to that mighty mass of water. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Umbriel, a dusky melancholy sprite, 
 Down to the central earth, his proi)er scene. 
 Repairs. P<tpe'i Rape ofthe Lock. 
 
 Ce'ntrally. adv. [from central.] With 
 regard to the centre. 
 
 'Though one of the feet most commonly bears 
 the weight, yet the whole weight rests centrally 
 upon it. Dryden. 
 
 CENTRE, n.s. [centrum, Lat.] The 
 middle; that which is equally distant 
 from all extremities. 
 
 282
 
 C E N 
 
 The heav'ns themselves, the planets, and tliis 
 
 centre, 
 Obsene desirce, prioritv, and place. ^hakesp 
 If we fraViie an image of a round DO«y a'l "' 
 fire, the flame proceeding from it would ilirtuse 
 itself every way ; so that the source, serving for 
 the cejitre there, would be round about an huge 
 sphere of lire and light. Digby on Bodies. 
 
 To Centre, i'. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To place on a centre; to fix as on a 
 
 centre. 
 
 One fiiot he centred, and the other turn d 
 Kound through the vast profundity obscure. Milt. 
 
 2. To collect to a point. 
 
 By thy each look, and thought, and care, 'tis 
 shown, . 
 
 Tin- joys are centred all in me alone. i'rior. 
 
 Re may take a range all the world over, aiid 
 draw in all that wide air and circumference of sin 
 and vice, and centre it in his own breast. South. 
 
 O impudent, regardful of thy own, 
 Whose thoughts are centred on thyself alone. Dry. 
 
 To Centre, v. n. 
 
 1 . To rest on ; to repose on ; as bodies when 
 they gain an equilibrium. 
 
 \Vhere there is no visible truth wherein to cen- 
 tre, errour is as wide as men's fancies, and may 
 ■wander to eternity. Decay of Piety. 
 
 •2. To be placed in the midst or centre. 
 
 As God in heav'n 
 Is centre, yet extends to all ; so thou, 
 Centring, receiv'st from all those orbs. Mdton. 
 
 3. 'To be collected to a point. 
 
 What ho| es you had in Diomede, lay down ; 
 Our hopes must centre on ourselves alone. Dryd. 
 
 The common acknowledgments of the body 
 will at length centre in him, who appears sincerely 
 to aim at tlie common benefit. Alterhury. 
 
 It was attested by the visible centring of all the 
 old prophecies inth'e person of Christ, and by the 
 completion of these prophecies since, which he 
 himself uttered. Atterbury. 
 
 Ce'xtrick. adj. [from centre.] Placed 
 in the centre. 
 
 Some, that have deeper digg'd in mine than I; 
 .Say where his ccntrick happiness dutb lie. Donne 
 Centrifu'gal. adj. [from centrum and 
 fugio, Lat.] Having the quality ac- 
 quiretl by bodies in motionj of receding 
 from ihe centre. 
 
 They described an hyperbola, by changing the 
 centripetal into a centrifugal force. Cheyne. 
 
 Centripe'tal, adj. "[from centrum and 
 pt'to, Lat.] Having a tendency to the 
 centre ; having gravity. 
 
 The direction of the force, whereby the planets 
 revolve in their orbits, is towards tlieir centres; 
 and tins force may be very properly called attrac- 
 tive, in respect of the cen'tral body ; and centripe- 
 tal, in respect of the revolving body. Cheyne. 
 
 Gentry. See Sentinel. 
 
 The thoughtless wits shall frequent forfeits pay, 
 AVlio 'gainst the centry's box discharge their tea. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Centuple, adj. [centuple.v, Lat.] An 
 hundred fold. 
 
 Tu Centu'plicate. v. a. [centiiplicatum, 
 of centum and plico, Lat.] To make a 
 hundredfold ; to repeat a hundred times. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Jo Centu'riate. v. a. \cent ur to, 'La.i.'] 
 To divide into hundreds. 
 
 Centuria'tor. n. s. [from century.] A 
 name given to historians, who distin- 
 guish times by centuries; which is ge- 
 nerallj- the method of ecclesiastical his- 
 tory. 
 
 llie cfnturiators of Magdeburg were the 6r5t 
 that discovered this grand imposture. 
 
 Ayliffe'i Parergon. 
 
 C E R 
 
 Centurion, n.s. [centurio, Lat.] A mi- 
 litary officer among the Romans, who 
 commanded an hundred men. 
 
 Have an army ready, say you ?— A most royal 
 one. The centurions, and their charges, distinctly 
 billeted in the entertainment, and to be on foot at 
 an hour's warning. Snakesp. 
 
 CE'NTURY. n.s. [ceniuria, Lat.] 
 
 1. A hundred; usually employed to specify 
 time; as, the second century. 
 
 The nature of eternitv is such, that though our 
 
 joys, after some cciiliirics of years, may seem to 
 
 have grown older by having been enjoyed so 
 
 many aoes, yet will they really slill continue new. 
 
 "^ Boyle. 
 
 And now time's whiter series is begun. 
 Which in soft cfiitiirifs shall smoothly run. Dryd. 
 
 The lists of bishops are filled with greater num- 
 bers than one would t.\pect; but the succession 
 was quick in the three first centuries, because the 
 bishop often ended in the martyr. Addison. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used simply for a hun- 
 dred. 
 
 Romulus, as you may read, did divide the Ro- 
 mans into tribes, and the tribes into centuries or 
 hundreds. _ Spenser. 
 
 When witli wood leaves and weeds I've strew'd 
 his grave. 
 And on it said a ce jifiiri; of pray'rs, . , ., , 
 Such as I can, twice o'er, I'll weep and sigh. Shak. 
 
 CEOL. An initial in the names of men, 
 which signifies a ship or vessel, such as 
 those that the Saxons landed in. Gibson. 
 
 Ce'pHALALGY. n. S. [xilpaXaXyia.] The 
 
 headach. Diet. 
 
 Cepha'lick. adj. [xi<pax}i.] That which 
 is medicinal to the head. 
 
 Cep/in/icfc medicines are all such as attenuate the 
 blood, so as to make it circulate easily through 
 the capillary vessels of the brain. Arbuth. on Alim. 
 
 I dressed him up with soft folded linen, dipped 
 in a cephalick balsam. TI iseman. 
 
 CERASTES, n.s. [«!§«r«.] A serpent 
 having horns, or supposed to have them. 
 
 Scorpion, and asp, and aninhisbeiia dire. 
 Cerastes lioni'd, hy dru5,and clops drear. Milton. 
 
 Ce'rate. n.s. [cera, Lat. was.] A inedi- 
 cine made of wax, which, with oil, or 
 some softer substance, makes a consist- 
 ence softer than a plaster. Quincy. 
 
 Cerated. adj. [ceratus, Lat.] Waxed ; 
 covered with wax. 
 
 To CERE. I', a. [from cera, Lat. wax.] 
 To wax. 
 
 Vou ought to pierce the skin with a needle, 
 and strong brown thread cered, about half an inch 
 from the edges of the lips. 11 'iseman. 
 
 Ce'rebel. n. s. [cerebellum, Lat.] Part 
 of the brain. 
 
 In the head of man, the base of the brain and 
 cerehel, yea, of the whole skull, is set parallel to 
 the hori/on. Derham. 
 
 Cerecloth, w. s. [from cere and cloth.] 
 Cloth smeared over witli glutinous mat- 
 ter used to wotmds and braises. 
 
 The ancient Egyptian mummies w ere shrouded 
 in a number of folds of Unen, besmeared with 
 gums, in manner ofccrccloth. Bacon. 
 
 Ce'rement. n.s. [from cera, Lat. wax.] 
 Cloths dipped in melted wax, with 
 which dead bodies were infolded when 
 they were embalmed. 
 
 Let raenot burst in ignorance, but tell 
 Why canonized bones.'hcarsed in earth. 
 Have burst their cerements I Shakesp. 
 
 C E R 
 
 Ceremo'nial. adj. [horn ceremony i] 
 
 1. Relating to ceremony, or outward rite ; 
 
 ritual. 
 
 What mockery will it be, 
 'i'o want the bridegroom, when the priest altemls 
 To speak the rcreini>rti«/ rites of marriage! Shah. 
 
 \\c aie to carry it from the hand to tlie lieart. 
 to improve a ceremonial nicety into a substantial 
 duty, and the modes of civilfty into the realities 
 of religion. **"'.''• 
 
 Christ did take away that external eeremanuil 
 worship that was among the Jews. Stitlingfieet. 
 
 2. Formal ; observant of old forms. 
 Oh monstrous, superstitious puritan, 
 
 Of refin'd manners, yet cfrCTioiiiu/ roan. 
 That when thou mcct'st oiu", with enquiring eyes 
 Dost search, and, like a needy broker, prize 
 The silk and gold he wears. Dcrnie. 
 
 Willi dumb pride, and a set formal face. 
 He moves in the dull ceremonial track. 
 With Jove's embroider'd coat upon his back. Dry. 
 
 Ceremonial, n. s. [from ceremony.] 
 
 1. Outward form; external rite; prescrip- 
 tive formality. 
 
 ■Die only condition that could make it prudent 
 for the clergy lo alter the ceremonial, or any indif- 
 ferent part7 would be a resolution iu the legisla- 
 ture to prevent new sects. Su-i/t. 
 
 2. The order for rites and forms in tlie 
 Romish church. 
 
 Ceremo'nialness. n.s. [from ceremo- 
 nial.] The quality of being ceremo- 
 nial ; over-much use of ceremony. 
 
 Ceremo'nious. adj. [from ceremony.] 
 
 1. Consisting of outward rites. 
 Under a dilferent ceconomy of religion, God 
 
 was more tender of the shell and ceremonious part 
 of his worship. South. 
 
 2. Full of ceremony ; awful. 
 
 O, the sacrifice. 
 How ceremonious, solemn, and unearthly- 
 It was i' th' offering ! Shah'^p. 
 
 3. Attentive to outward rites, or prescrip- 
 tive formalities. 
 
 You are too senseless obstinate, my lord ; 
 Too ceremonious and traditional-. Shakcrp. 
 
 4. Civil ; according to the strict rules of 
 civility ; formally respectful. 
 
 They have a set of ceremonious phrases, Uiat run 
 through all ranks and degrees among ihem. 
 
 Addison's Ciuirdian. 
 
 5. Observant of die rules of civility. 
 
 Then let us take a cfrcmoiiiOTis leave. 
 And loving farewel, of our several friends, ^ak. 
 
 6. Civil and formal to a fault. 
 The old caititTwas grown so cf rcmonious, as he 
 
 would needs accompany me some miles in ray 
 way. Sidney. 
 
 Ceremo'niovsly. adv. [from ceremoni- 
 ous.] In a ceremonious manner ; for- 
 mally ; respectfully. 
 
 Ccremciiiioiis/uletus prep.ire 
 Some welconiefor the mistress of the house, bhak. 
 
 Ceremo'niousness. n.s. [i'rom ceremo- 
 7iious.] ,\ddictedness to ceremony ; the 
 use of too much ceremony. 
 CEREMONY, n.s. [ceremunia, Lat.] 
 1. Outwai-d rite ; external form in religion. 
 Bringhemii to the high altar, that she may 
 The sacred reremoni« partake. Spenser. 
 
 He is superstitious grown of late, 
 
 Shakesv. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 Quite from the'main opinion he held once 
 Of fantasy, of dreams, and ctrtintfntts. 
 
 Disrobe the images. 
 If you find them dcck'd witJi ceremony. 
 
 •2. Forms of civility. 
 
 The sauce to meat is ceremony ; 
 Meeting were bare without it. Shakesp. 
 
 283
 
 C E R 
 
 Not to use ceremonies at all, is to teach utlicrs 
 not to use them again, and so diininisli respect to 
 himself. Baciyn. 
 
 3. Outward forms of state. 
 
 What art thou, thuu idle ccremonij ? 
 What kind of gud art thou, that sutVer'st more 
 Of mortal grief, than do thy worshippers! 
 Art thuu aught else but place, degree, and form? 
 
 Skakesp. 
 A coarser place, 
 Where pomp and ceremonies entcr'd not, 
 Where greatness was shut out, and highness well 
 forgot. Drydens Fables. 
 
 Ce'rote. w, 5. The same with cerate: 
 M'hich see. 
 
 In those which are critical, a cerote of oil of 
 olives, with white wax, hath hitherto served my 
 purpose. Wiseman. 
 
 CE'RTAIN. adj. [certus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Sure ; indubitable ; unquestionable ; un- 
 doubted; that which cannot be ques- 
 tioned, or denied. 
 
 Those things are certam among men, which can- 
 not be denied without obstinacy and folly. Tittots. 
 
 This (he mind is equally cci-tnin of, whether 
 these ideas be more or less general. Loche. 
 
 2. Resolved; determined. 
 
 However I with thee have fix'd my lot. 
 Certain to undergo tike doom of death, 
 Consort with tliee. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Undoubting ; put past doubt. 
 
 This form before Alcyone present. 
 To make Uct certain of the sad event. Dryden. 
 
 4. Unfailing ; which always produces the 
 expected effect. 
 
 I have often wished that I knew as certain a 
 remedy fur any other distemper. Mead. 
 
 5. Constant; never failing to be; not 
 casual. 
 
 Virtue, that directs our wa3's 
 Tlirongh certain dangers to uncertain praise. Dry. 
 (J. Regular; settled; stated. 
 
 You shall gather a certaiii rate. Exodus. 
 
 Who calls the council, states a certain day, 
 Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 The preparation for your supper shews your 
 
 certain hours. . Cotton. 
 
 7. In an indefinite s; nse, some ; as, a cer- 
 tain man told me this. 
 
 How bad soever this fashiun may justly be ac- 
 counted, certain of the same cuuntrymen do pass 
 far beyond it. Carew's Survey. 
 
 Some certain of your brethren roar'd, and ran* 
 From noise of our own drums. Skakesp. 
 
 Let there be certain leather bags made of several 
 bignesses, which, for the matter of them, should 
 be tractable. WHkins. 
 
 Ce'rtainly. adv. [from certain.'] 
 
 1. Indubility ; without question; without 
 doubt. 
 
 Certainlii lie that, by those legal means, cannot 
 be secured, can be much less so by any private at- 
 tempt. Decay ofFietxi. 
 
 y,\ hat precise collectionof simple ideas modesty 
 or frugjfity stand fur, in another's use, is not so 
 certainly known. Locke. 
 
 2. Without fail. 
 
 Ce'rtainness. 71.S. [from cei'tainJ] The 
 
 same with certainty. 
 Certainty, n.s. [from certain.'] 
 
 1. Exemption from doubt. 
 
 Certainty is the perception of the agreement or 
 disagreement of our ideas. Locke. 
 
 2. Exemption from failure ; as the certainty 
 (}f an event, or of a remedy. 
 
 3. Th<!t which is real and fixed. 
 
 Doubting things go ill, often hurts more 
 Than to be sure they do ; for certainties 
 Or aid past remedies, or timely knowing, 
 Tiio remedy then born. 
 
 C E S 
 
 4. Regularity ; settled state. 
 
 Ce'rtes. adv. [certes, Fr.] Certainly; 
 
 in truth ; in sooth ; an old word, 
 
 Certes, Sir Knight, you 've been too much to 
 blame, 
 Thus for to blot tlie lionourof thedead. 
 And with foul cowardice his carcase shame, 
 Whose living hands immortaliz'd his name. Spens. 
 For, certes, these are people of the island. Shak. 
 Certea, our authors are to blame. Hudihras. 
 
 Certificate, n.s. [certificate low Lat. 
 he certifies.] 
 
 1. A writing made in any court, to give 
 notice to another court of any thing 
 done therein. Cowell. 
 
 2. Any testimony. 
 
 A certificate of poverty is as good as a protec- 
 tion. , L' Estrange. 
 
 I can bring certificates that I behave myself so- 
 berly before company. Addison. 
 
 To Ce'rtify. v. a. [certifier, Fr.] 
 
 1. To give certain information of. 
 
 The English ambassadours returned outof Flan- 
 ders from Maximilian, and certified the kiufj that 
 he was not to hope for any aid from him. bacon. 
 
 This is designed to certify those things that are 
 confirmed of Oud's favour. Hammond's Fnndm. 
 
 2, It has of before the thing told, after the 
 person told; as, I certified you o/" the fact. 
 
 CERTIORARI, n. s. [Latin] A writ 
 issuing out of the chancery, to call up 
 the records of a cause therein depending, 
 that justice may be done; upon com- 
 plaint made by bill, that the party, who 
 seeks the said writ, hath received hard 
 dealing in the said court, Cotvell. 
 
 Ce'rtitude. n.s. \certitudo, Lat.] Cer- 
 tainty; freedom from doubt; infallibility 
 of proof. 
 They thought at fust they dreara'd: for 'twas 
 olTence 
 With them, to question ceniinde of sense Dryrf. 
 There can be no inq/us and min us in the cfrfi- 
 tude we have of things, whether by mathematick 
 demonstration, or any other way of consequence. 
 Grews Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 Ce'rvical. adj. [cervicalis, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to the neck. 
 
 The aorta, bending a little upwards, sends forth 
 the eenical and axillary arteries ; the rest, turning 
 down again, form the descending (runk. Cheifiie. 
 
 Ceru'lean. \adJ.[c(Eruleus,Liit.] Blue; 
 Ceru'leous. j sky-coloured. 
 
 It atl'orded a solution w ilh now and then a light 
 touch of sky-colour, but nothing near so high as 
 the ceruleoiis tincture of silver. Boyle. 
 
 From thee the saphire solid ether takes, 
 Its hue cerulean. Thomsons Summer. 
 
 Ceruli'fick. adj. [fi'om cer'uieous.] Hav- 
 ing tlie power to produce a blue colour. 
 
 The several species of rays, aslhernbifiek, ccru- 
 lijicky and others, are separated one from another. 
 
 Crew. 
 
 CERUMEN, n.s. [Latin.] The wax 
 
 or excrement of the ear. 
 Ce'RUSE. W.5, [rn7«5«, Lat.] Wliite lead. 
 
 A preparation of lead with vinegar, which is of 
 a white colour; whence many other things, re- 
 send)ling it in that particular, are by chymists 
 called ceruse; as the ceruse oi antimony, an<^l the 
 like. Q,uiucy. 
 
 Cesa'rean. adj. [from Ceesar.] 
 
 The Cesarean section is cutting a child out of 
 the womb, either dead or alive, when it cannot 
 otlierwise be delivered. Which circumstance, it 
 is said, first gave the name of CiEiur to the Roman 
 family so called. Quincy. 
 
 C E S 
 
 CESS. n. s, [probably corrupted from 
 m/^e; see Cense; though imagined by 
 Junius to be derived fromsaisire to seize. ] 
 
 1 . A levy made upon the inhabitants of a 
 place, rated according to their property. 
 
 The like cess is also charged upon the country 
 sometimes for victualling the solaiers, when they 
 lie in garrison. Spenser. 
 
 2. The act of laying rates. 
 
 3. [from ccsse, Fr.] It seems to have been 
 used by S/iakespcurt for bounds or limits, 
 though it stand for rate, reckoning. 
 
 1 pr'^thee, Tom, beat Cutls's saddle, put a few 
 flocks ni the point; the poorjade is wrung in the 
 withers out of all cess, Sliakesp. Heniy IV. 
 
 To Cess. v. a. [from the noun.] To rate ; 
 to lay charge on. 
 
 We are to consider how much land there is in 
 all Ulster, tliat according to the quantity thereof, 
 we may ce55 the said rent, and allowance issuing 
 thereout. Spenser on Irelajid. 
 
 To Cess, v, n. To omit a legal duty. 
 
 See Cessor. 
 Cessa'tion. 71, s. [cessatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A stop; a rest. 
 
 The dny was yearly observed for a festival, by 
 cessation from labour, and by resorting to church. 
 
 Hayxcard, 
 
 True piety, without cessation tost 
 Bv theories, the practick part is lost. Denham. 
 
 2. Vacation ; suspension. 
 
 There had been a migiity confusion of things, 
 an interruption and perturbation of the ordinary 
 course, and a cessation and suspension of the laws 
 of nature. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The rising of a parliament is a kind of cessati^m 
 from politicks. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 3. End of action ; the state of ceasing to act. 
 
 The serum, which is mixed with an alkali, being 
 poured out to that which is mixed with an acid, 
 raisetli an effervescence ; at the cessation of which, 
 the salts, of which the acid was composed, will be 
 regenerated. Arbuthiwt on Aliments. 
 
 4. A pause of hostility, without peace. 
 
 AVhen the succours of the poor protestants in 
 Ireland were diverted, 1 was intreated to get them 
 some resi)ite, by a cessation. Kijtg Charlet. 
 
 CESSAVIT, n. s. [Latin.] 
 
 A writ that lies upon this»general ground, tliat 
 the jjerson, against whom it is brought, hath, for 
 two years, omitted to perform such service, or 
 pay such rent, as he is obliged by his tenure; 
 and hath not, upon his land or tenement, sufficient 
 goods or chattels to be distrained. Cowell. 
 
 Cessibi'lity. 71. s. [from cedo, c Aiw/w, 
 Lat] The quality of receding, or giving 
 way, without resistance. 
 
 If the subject strucken be of a proportionate 
 cessibiltty, it seems to dull and deaden the stroke ; 
 whereas, if the thing strucken be hard, the stroke 
 seems to lose no force, but to work a greater ef- 
 fect. Dighy on the Soul. 
 
 Ce'ssible. adj. [from cedo, cessuTn, Lat.] 
 Easy to give Avay. 
 
 If tlie parts of the strucken body be so easily 
 cessible, as without difficulty the stroke can divide 
 them, then it enters into such a body, till it has 
 spent its force. Dighy on the Soul. 
 
 Ce'ssion. 71. s. [cession, Fr. cessio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Retreat; the act of giving way. 
 
 Sound is not produced without some resistance, 
 either in the air or the body percussed; for if 
 there be a mere yielding, or cession, it produceth 
 no sound. Bacon's Natural Histonj. 
 
 2 . Resignation ; the act of yielding up or 
 quitting to another. 
 
 A parity in their council would make and se- 
 cure the best peace they can with France, by a 
 cession of Flanders to that crown, in exchange for 
 other provinces. Temple, 
 
 284
 
 C H A 
 
 Ce'ssionary. adj. [from cession."] As, a 
 cessionary bankrupt, one who has de- 
 livered up all his effects. Martin. 
 
 Ce'ssment. n.s. [fromcew.] An assess- 
 ment or tax. Diet. 
 
 Ce'ssor. n.s. [from cesso, Lat.] 
 
 In law, he that ceaseth or neelectetli so long 
 to perform a duty belonging to him, as that by 
 his cess, or cessing, he nicurreth the danger of 
 law, and hath, or may have, the writ cessavit 
 brought against him. Where it is said the tenant 
 cesseth, such phrase is to be understood as if it 
 were said, the tenant cesseth to do that which he 
 ought, oris bound, to do by his land or tenement. 
 
 CoweU. 
 
 CESTUS. n.s. [Latin.] The girdle of 
 Venus. 
 
 Venus, without any ornament but her own 
 beauties, not so much as her own cestus. 
 
 Addison s Spectator'. 
 
 Ceta ceous. adj. [from cf(e whales, Lat.] 
 Of the whale kind. 
 
 Such fishes as have lungs or respiration are not 
 without the wezzon, as whales and cetaceous 
 animals. Brou'n's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 He hath created variety of these cetaceotis fishes, 
 which converse chiefly in the northern seas, whose 
 whole body being encompassed round with a co- 
 pious fat or blubber, it is eiial)led to abide the 
 greatest cold of the sea water. Rar^onthe Creation. 
 C FAXJT. A note in the scale of musick. 
 
 Gamut I am, the ground of all accord. 
 Are, to plead Hortensio's passion ; 
 
 B mi Bianca, take him for tliv lord, 
 Cfaut, that loves with all atfection. Shakesp. 
 
 CH has, in words purely English, or fully 
 naturalized, the sound oftsh ; a peculiar 
 pronunciation, which it is hard to de- 
 scribe in words. In some words de- 
 rived from the French, it has the sound 
 of sh, as chaise ; and, in some derived 
 from the Greek, the sound of A", as cho- 
 lerick. 
 Ghace. See Chase. 
 Chad. n.s. A sort of fish. 
 
 Of round fish, there are brit, sprat, whiting, chad^ 
 eels, cougar, millet. Carew's Sure. ofCornw. 
 
 To CHAl'E. V. a. [echaiiffer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To warm with rubbing. 
 
 They laid him upon some of their garments and 
 fell to rub and chafe him, till they brought him to 
 rscover both breath, the servant, and warmth, 
 the companion of living. Sidney. 
 
 At last, recovering heart, he does begin 
 To rub her temples, and to chaj'e her skin. Fai. Q. 
 
 Soft, and more soft, at ev'ry touch it grew ; 
 Like pliant wax, when chafing hands reduce 
 The former mass to form, and frame to use. Dryd. 
 
 2. To heat by rage or hurry. 
 
 Have I not heard the sea pulV'd up with winds, 
 Rage like an angry boar chafed with sweat ? Shah. 
 
 3. To perfume. 
 
 Lilies more white tlian snow 
 New fall'n from heav'n, with violets mL^'d, did 
 
 grow ; 
 Whose scent so chaf'd the neighbour air, that you 
 Would surely swear Arabic spices grew. Suckling. 
 
 4. To make angry ; to inflame passion. 
 
 Her intercession chaf'd him so, 
 ^\ hen she for thy repeal was suppliant, 
 1 hat to close prison he commanded her. Shakesp. 
 
 An offer of pardon more chafed the rage of those, 
 who were resolved to live or die together. 
 
 „ II u 1 *'' ■^"'"' Hivu'ard. 
 
 (or all that he was inwardly r/in/erf with the 
 heat of youth and indignation, against his own 
 people as well as the Rhodians, he mudcrated 
 hmiscif betwixt his own rage, and the olfence of 
 Ins soldiers. KnolU-^S HUtoru of the Turks. 
 
 IhtschaJ d the boar; his nostrils flames expire. 
 And his red eyeballs roll with living fire. Dryden. 
 
 To Chafe, i: n. 
 
 C H A 
 
 1. To rage ; to fret; to fume ; to rave ; to 
 boil. 
 
 Therewith he 'gan full terribly to roar, 
 And chaf'd at that indignity right sore. 
 
 Spenser's Hub. Tale. 
 
 He will not rejoice so much at tiie abuse of 
 
 Faistalf, as he wifl chafe at tlie doctor's marrying 
 
 my daughter, Shahesp, 
 
 Be lion mettled, proud, and take no care 
 Wlio chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 How did they fume, and stamp, and roar, and 
 chafe t 
 And swear !— not Addison himself was safe. Pope. 
 . To fret against any thing. 
 
 c H A 
 
 Once upon a raw and gusty day. 
 The troubled Tyber chafing with his shores. 
 
 Shahesp. Julius Ctesar. 
 The murmuring surge, 
 That on tli' unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes, 
 Cannot be heard so high. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Chafe, n.s. [from the verb.] A heat; a 
 rage ; a fury ; a passion ; a fume ; a pet; 
 a fret ; a storm 
 
 When Sir Thomas IMore was speaker of the 
 parliament, with his wisdom and eloquence he so 
 crossed a purpose of cardinal Wolsey's, that the 
 cardinal, in a chafe, sent for him to Whitehall. 
 
 Camden s Remlan s. 
 
 At this the knight grew high in chafe, 
 And staring furiously on Ralph, 
 He trembled. Hudibras. 
 
 Chafe-wax. n.s. An officer belonging 
 to the lord chancellor, who fits the wa.\ 
 for the sealing of ^VTit8. Harris. 
 
 Cha'fer. n. s. [ceapop, Sax. Jcever, Dut.] 
 An insect; a sort of yellow beetle. 
 
 Cha'fery. n. s. A forge in an iron mill, 
 where the iron is wrought into complete 
 bars, and brought to perfection. Phillips. 
 
 CHAFF, n. s. [ceap, Sax. kaf, Dutch.] 
 
 1. The husks of corn that are separated 
 by threshing and winnowing. 
 
 We shall be winnow'd with so rough a wind. 
 That cv'n our corn shall seem as light as cha^'. 
 And good from bad find no partition. Shak. H. IV. 
 
 Pleasure with instruction should bt join'd ; 
 So take the corn, and leave the c/(a^ behind. Dry. 
 
 He set before him a sack of wheat, as it had 
 been just threslied out of the sheaf; he then bid 
 him pick out the chaff ixon\ among the corn, and 
 lay it aside by itself. Spectator. 
 
 2. It is used for any thing worthless. 
 
 To CHAFFER, v.n. [kavffai, Gevm. to 
 buy.] To treat about a bargain ; to 
 haggle; to bargain. 
 
 Nor rode himself to Paul's the ptiblick fair. 
 To chafer for preferments with Ins gold. 
 Where hishopricks and sinecures are sold. 
 
 Drydeiis Fabks. 
 
 The chaffering with dissenters, and dodging 
 about this or t'other ceremony, i-s but like opening 
 a few wickets, and leaving them a-jar. Sufft. 
 
 In disputes with chairmen, when your master 
 sends you to chaffer with them, take pit}', and 
 tell your master that they will not take a farthing 
 less. Su-ifL 
 
 To Cha'ffer. v.a. [The active sense is 
 oljsolete.] 
 
 1. To buy. 
 
 He chalfer'd chairs in which churchmen were set, 
 And breach of laws to privy farm did let. Spens. 
 
 2. To exchange. 
 .\pproacl.ing nigh, he never staid to greet, 
 
 Ne chaJJ'er words, proud courage to provoke. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Cha'fferer. n.s. [from chaffer.] A 
 
 buyer; bargainer; purchaser. 
 Cha'ffern. n. s. [from eschauffer, Fr. to 
 
 heat.] .\ vessel for heating water. Diet. 
 
 Cha'ffery. n. $. [from chaffer.'] TraflRck ; 
 the practice of buying and selling. 
 
 The third is, mercliandize and chaffery; rlial is, 
 buying and selling. Spenser's State tf Ireland. 
 
 Cha'ffinch. n.s. [from chaff and Ji?ich.] 
 A bird so called, because it delights in 
 chaffj and is by some much admired for 
 its song. Phillips's World of Words. 
 The chaffinch, and other small birds, are inju- 
 rious to some fruits. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Cha'ffless. adj. [from chaff.] ^Vithout 
 chaff. 
 
 The love I bear him. 
 Made me to fan you tlius ; but the gods made yon. 
 Unlike all others, chujjtess. Shakesp. Cymbelint. 
 
 Cha'ffweed. n. s. [gnaphalium, Lat.] 
 An herb, the same with cudweed: 
 wliich see. 
 
 Cha'ffy. adj. [from chaff.] Like chaff; 
 full of chaff; light. 
 
 If tlie straws be light and chaffij, and held at a 
 reasonable distance, they will nut rise unto the 
 middle. Brotcn's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 The most slight and cAo/fy opinion, if at a great 
 remove from th'e present age, contracts a venera- 
 tion. Glanvitle. 
 
 Cha'fingdish. m. s. [from chafe and 
 dish .] A vessel to make any tlimg hot 
 in ; a portable grate for coals. 
 
 Make proof of the incorporation of silver and tin 
 in equal quantities, whether it w ill endure the or- 
 dinary fire which belongeth to chaftigdishes, pos- 
 nets, and such other silver vessels. 
 
 Bacons Physical RcTnains, 
 Chagri'n. n.s, [chagrine, Fr.] J 11 hu- 
 mour ; vexation ; fretfuhies ; pee\^shness. 
 
 Hear me, and touch Belinda w ith chagrin , 
 That single act gives half the world tJie spleen. 
 
 Pope. 
 I grieve with the old, for so many additional 
 inconveniencics and chagrins, more than their 
 small remain of life seemed destined to undergo. 
 
 Pope's Letters. 
 
 To Chagri'n. r. a, [chagriner, Fr.] To 
 vex ; to put out of temper ; to teaze ; to 
 make uneasy. 
 
 CHAIN. U.S. [chaine, Fr.] 
 
 1. A series of links fastened one within 
 another. 
 
 And Pharaoh took off his rin|, and put it upon 
 Joseph's hand, and put a gold chain about his 
 neck. Geyiesis^ xli. A'i. 
 
 2. A bond; a manacle; a fetter; some- 
 thing^ with which prisoners are bound. 
 
 Still in constraint your sutTring sex remains. 
 Or bound in formal, or in real chains. Pt>pf. 
 
 3. A line of links with which land is mea- 
 sm-ed . 
 
 A surveyor may as soon, with liis chain, mea- 
 sure out infinite space, as a philosopher by the 
 quickest flight of mind, reacli it ; or by thinking, 
 compreliend it. Locke. 
 
 4. A series linked together, as of causes or 
 thoughts ; a succcession ; asubordination. 
 
 Those so mistake the Christian religion, as to 
 think it is only a chain of fatal decrees, to deny 
 all liberty of man's choice toward good or evil. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 As there is pleasure in the right exercise of any 
 facultv, so especially in that of right reasoning ; 
 which' is still llie greater, by how much tlic con- 
 sequences are more clear, aiid llie chains of them 
 more l/jng. Burnet's Theory if the FMrth 
 
 To Chain, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 I. To tasten or bind with a chain. 
 
 They repeal daily any wholesome act established 
 against the rich, and provide more piercinp' sta- 
 tutes daily to chain up and restrain the poor. 
 
 Sliakcsji. Coriolantts. 
 
 285
 
 C H A 
 
 Tlie mariners he chained in his own galleys for 
 slaves. KnoUes. 
 
 Or marcli'd I chain'd behind the hostile car. 
 The victor's pasticne, ami the sport of war! Prior. 
 
 They, with joint force oppression cluiining, sot 
 Imperial justice at the helm. Thomson. 
 
 2. To enslave ; to keep in slavery. 
 
 The monarch was ador'd, the people chain'd- 
 
 Prior. 
 This world, 'tis true, 
 <Va5 made for Cajsar, but for Titus too_: 
 And which more blest? who c/iaiii'd his country, 
 
 say, 
 Or he H hose virtue sigh'd to lose a day ? Pope. 
 
 3. To keep by a chain. 
 
 The admiral seeing the mouth of the haven 
 chained, ajid the castles full of ordnance, and 
 strongly manned, durst not attempt to enter. 
 
 hnotless History of the Turks. 
 
 4. To unite. 
 
 O Warwick, I do bend my knee with thine, 
 And in this vow do chain my soul with thine. 
 
 Shakes]}. 
 
 Cha'inpump. n.s. [fromcAain andpump.] 
 A pump used in large English vessels, 
 ■which is double, so that one rises as the 
 otiier falls. It yields a great quantity 
 of water, works easily, and is easily 
 mended ; but takes up a great deal of 
 room, and makes a disagreeable noise. 
 
 Chambers. 
 It is not long since tlie striking of the lop-mast, 
 a wonderful great ease to great ships, both at sea 
 and in harbour, hath been devised ; together with 
 the chaitipump, which takes up twice as much 
 water as the ordinary did ; and we have lately 
 added the bonnet and the drabble. 
 
 Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Cha'inshot. n. s. [from chain and ihol.] 
 Two bidlets or half bidlets, fastened to- 
 gether by a chain, which, when they fly 
 open, cut away wiiatever is before them. 
 
 In sea fights, oftcntiaies, the buttock, the brawn 
 of the thigh, and the calf of the leg, are torn ot!' 
 bv the chainsliot, and splinters. M'isemaiisSurg. 
 
 Cha'inwork. n.s. [from chain and nwrk.] 
 Work with open spaces like the links of 
 a chain. 
 
 Nets of chequerwork, and wreaths of chain- 
 uork, for the chapiters which were upon the toj 
 of the pillars. 1 King 
 
 CUMR. n.s. [chair, Tv.] 
 
 1. A moveable seat. 
 
 Whetlier tliou clioose Cervantes' serious air. 
 Or lauoli and shake in Ral>elais' easy chair, 
 Or pratse the court, or magnify mankind, 
 Or Ihy griev'd country's copper chains unbind. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 If a chair be defined a seat for a single person, 
 with a back belonging to it, then a stool is a seat 
 for a single jterson, ^vithout a back. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. A seat of justice or of authority. 
 
 He makes for England, here to claim the 
 crown. — 
 — Is the chair empty ? Is the sword unsway'd ? 
 Is the king dead? Shakesp. King Ricluird III. 
 
 If thou be that princely eagle's bird, 
 Show thy descent by gazing "gainst the sun ; 
 Tor chair and dukedom, throne and kijigdom, say j 
 Either that 's thine, or else thou wert not his. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Tlie honour'd gods 
 Keep Rome in safety, and the chairs of justice 
 Sujtply with worthy men. Shakes}). Coriolanus. 
 
 Her grace sat down to rest awhile, 
 111 a rich chair of state. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 •The committee <<f the Commons appointed 
 Mr. Pym to take the chair. Clarendon. 
 
 In this high temple, on a. chair of state, 
 The seat of audience, old LatJnus sate. Dryd. ^n. 
 
 C H A 
 
 3. A vehicle bom by men ; a sedan. 
 
 Think wliat an equipage thou bast in air, 
 And view with scorn two pages and a chair. Pope, 
 
 Cha'irman. ?t,s, [from chair and ?»««.] 
 
 1. The president of an assembly. 
 
 In assemblies generally one person is chosen 
 chairman or moderator, to keep the several 
 speakers to the rules of order. Watts. 
 
 2. OneM'hose trade it is to cany a chair. 
 One elbows him, one jostles in the sliole ; 
 
 A rafter breaks his head or chairvians pole. Dry. 
 
 Troy chairmen bore the wooden steed. 
 Pregnant with Greeks, impatient to be freed ; 
 Those bully Greeks, who, as the moderns do. 
 Instead of paying chairmen, run tliem through. 
 
 Sivift. 
 
 Chaise, n.s, [chaiscj Fr.] A carriage of 
 pleasure drawn by one horse. 
 
 Instead of the chariot he might have said the 
 chaise of governiucnt ; for a chaise is driven by the 
 person that sits in it. Addison. 
 
 ChALCO'gRAPHER. n. S. [x^'hccy^a.^p^, of 
 
 ^a'KH^ brass, and y^atpw to write or en- 
 grave.] An engraver in brass. 
 CHALco'GRAPHY.w.s.[xa^x&75a^la,] En- 
 graving in brass. 
 Cha'lder. 1 w. s. a dry English mea- 
 Cha'ldron. > sui*e for coals, consist- 
 Cha'udron. J ing of thirty-six bushels 
 heaped up, according to the sealed 
 bushel keps at Guildhall, London. The 
 chaldron should weigh two thousand 
 pounds. Chambers. 
 
 Cha'lice, w. s. [calic, Sax. caliccj Fr. calix, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . A cup ; a bowl. 
 
 When in your motion you are hot, 
 And, that lie calls for drink, I'll have prepai'd 
 
 him 
 A chalice for the nonce. Shuke-'ip. 
 
 2. It is generally used for a cup used in 
 acts of worship. 
 
 All the church at that time did not think em- 
 blematical figures unla^vful ornaments of cups dr 
 chalices. Stillingfieet 
 
 Cha'liced. adj. [from calix, Lat. the cup 
 of a flower.] Having a cell or cup: 
 applied by Shaktspeare to a flower, but 
 now obsolete. 
 
 Hark, hark ! tiie lark at heav'n's gate sings. 
 
 And Phoebus 'gins arise. 
 His steeds to wafer at these springs, 
 
 On chalic'd flowers that lies. Shakesp. 
 
 CHALK, n.s, [cealc, cealcj-tan, Saxon ; 
 calckj Welsh.] 
 
 Chalk is a white fossile, usually reckoned a stone, 
 but by some reckoned among tlie boles. It is used 
 in medicine as an absorbent, and is celebrated for 
 curing the heartburn. Chamhct'.s. 
 
 He maketh all the stones of the altar as chalk 
 stonc^, that are beaten in sunder. Isaiah. 
 
 Chalk is of two sorts ; the hard, dry, strong 
 chalk, which is best for lime ; and a soft, unctuous 
 chalk, which is best for lands, because it easily 
 dissolves with rain and frost. Mortimer. 
 
 With chalk 1 first describe a circle here, 
 Where these ethereal spirits mustappear. Dryd. 
 
 To Chalk. v,a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To rub witli chalk. 
 
 The beastly rabble then came down 
 From all the garrets in tlie town, 
 And stalls and shopboards in vast swarms, 
 With new challid bills and rusty arms. Hudihras. 
 
 2. To manure with chalk. 
 
 Land that h chalked, if it is not well dunged, 
 will receive but little benefit from a second 
 chalking MoJiimer. 
 
 C H A 
 
 3. To mark or trace out as with chalk. 
 
 Being not propt by ancestry, whose grace 
 Chalks successours their way. Shakesp* 
 
 His own mind chalked out to him the just pro- 
 portions and measures of behaviour to his fellow- 
 creatures. South, 
 
 With these helps I might at least have chalked 
 out a way for others, to amend my errours in a 
 like design. Dryde7i. 
 
 The time falls within the compass here chalked 
 out by nature, very punctually. 
 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 
 Chalk-cutter, n.s. [from chalk and 
 cut.] A man that digs chalk. 
 
 Shells, by the seamen called chalk eggs, are dug 
 up commonly in the chulk-pits, where the chalk- 
 cutters drive a great trade witli them. Woodward. 
 
 Chalkpit, n.s. [from chalk and pit.] 
 A pit in which ciialk is dug. See 
 Chalk-cutter. 
 
 Cha'lky. adj. [from chalk.] 
 
 1. Consisting of chalk ; white with chalk. 
 
 As far as I could ken the chalky cliifs, 
 When from thy shore the tempest beat us back, 
 I stood upon the hatches in tlie storm. Shakesp. 
 Tiiat bellowing beats on Dover's chalky cliff. 
 
 Row€. 
 
 2. Impregnated with chalk. 
 
 Clialky water towards the top of earth is t(X> 
 fretting. Bacon. 
 
 To CHALLENGE, v. a. [chahnger, Fr.] 
 L To call another to answer for an offence 
 by combat. 
 
 The prince of Wales stept forlfi before the king, 
 And, nephew, c/ia//t?»^'d you to single fight. Shak. 
 
 2. To call to a contest. 
 
 Thus forni'd for speed, he challenf^es the wind, 
 And leaves the Scythian arrow far behind. Dryd. 
 
 I challenge any man to make any pretence to 
 power by right of fatherhood, either intelligible or 
 possible. Locke. 
 
 3. To accuse. 
 
 ftlany of tliem be such losels and scatterl'ngs, 
 as that they cannot easily by any sherifl' be gotten, 
 when tliey are challenged for any such fact. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 Were the grac'd person of our Bant^uo present. 
 Whom I may rather challenge for unkmdness. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. [In law.] To object to the impartiality 
 of any one. [See the noun.] 
 
 Though on!v twelve are sworn, yet twenty- 
 four are to be* returned, to supply tfie defects or 
 want of appearance of those that a.Te challenged 
 off, or make default. Hale. 
 
 5. To claim as due. 
 
 That divine order, wherebj* the pre-eminence 
 of chicfest acceptation is by the best things wor- 
 thily challenged. Hooker. 
 
 Which of you, shall we say, doth love us most? 
 Tliat we our'largest bounty may extend 
 Where nature doth with merit challenge. Shakesp. 
 
 And so much duty as my mother shewed 
 To you, ])referring you before her father ; 
 So liuich 1 challenge, that I may profess 
 Due to the I\Ioor, my lord. Shakesp. 
 
 Had you not been their father,these white flakes 
 Did challenge pity of them. Shakesp. 
 
 So when a tyger sucks the bullock's blood, 
 A famish'd lion, issuing from the wood, 
 Roars loudly fierce, ana challenges the food. Dry. 
 
 Hast thou yet drawn o'er young Juba ? 
 That still would recommend tl'iee more to Caesar, 
 And challenge better terms. Addison. 
 
 0. To call any one to the performance of 
 conditions. 
 
 I will now c/ia//eno-eyuu of your promise, to give 
 me certain rules as to the principles of blazonry. 
 Pcacham on Drawing. 
 
 Cha'llenge. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 ^186
 
 C H A 
 
 1. A summons to combat. 
 
 I never in ray life 
 Did hear a challenge arg'd more modestly. Shah. 
 
 2. A demanil of something as due. 
 
 Talking ft>r Ills youngiiiiKs cark. 
 Lest creedy eyes to tfiem niiglit challenge \»y , 
 Busy Willi okcT did tlieir shoulders mark. Siu'iifi/- 
 Tficre must be no challenge of superiority, or 
 discoumeiianeiiig of freedom. CMier tf Friendihi}i. 
 3- [In law.] An exception taken either 
 against persons or things ; persons, as in 
 assize to thejurours, or any one or more 
 of them, by the prisoner at the bar. 
 Challenge made tothe jurours, is either 
 made to tlie array, or to the polls : c/tal- 
 levge made to the array, is when the 
 ■whole number is excepted against, as 
 partially empannelled ; challenge to or 
 by the poll, is when some one or more 
 are excepted against, as not indifferent : 
 challenge to the jurours is divided into 
 challenge principal, and challenge for 
 cause : challenge principal is that which 
 the law allows without cause alleged, or 
 farther examination ; as a prisoner at the 
 bar, arraigned upon felonj% may per- 
 emptorily challenge to the number of 
 twenty, one after another, of the jury 
 empannelled upon him, alleging no 
 cause. Cotoell. 
 
 You are mine enemy, I make my challenge, 
 You shall not be my judge. Shakesp. 
 
 Cha'llenger. w. s. [from challenge.] 
 
 1. One tliat defies or summons another 
 to combat. 
 
 Young man, have you challenged Charles the 
 wrestler ?— 
 No, fair princess ; he is the general challenger. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Death was denounc'd ; 
 He took the summons, void of fear. 
 And unconcernedly cast his e3'es around. 
 As if to find and dare the griesly challenger. Dry. 
 
 2. One that claims superiority. 
 
 Whose worth 
 Stood challenger on mount of all the age. 
 For her perfections. Shakesj). 
 
 3. A claimant; one that requires some- 
 thing as of right. 
 
 Earnest challengers there arc of trial, by some 
 publick disputation. Hooker. 
 
 Chaly'beate. adj. [fivm chahjhs, Lat. 
 steel.] Impregnated with iron or steel ; 
 having the qualities of steel. 
 
 The diet ou»ht to strengthen the solids, allow- 
 ing spices and wine, and the use of chah/hale 
 waters. Arbulhnot oii Diet. 
 
 CHAMADE. n. s. [French.] The beat of 
 the drum whidi declares a surrender. 
 
 _ Several French battalions made a shew of re- 
 sistance ; but upon our preparing to fill up a little 
 foss^, in order to attack them, they beat the cha- 
 made, and sent us cliarte blanche. jiddison. 
 
 CHA'MBER. n. s. [chambre, Fr. camera, 
 Lat. siambr, Welsh.] 
 
 1. An apartment in a house ; generally 
 used for those appropriated to lodging. 
 
 Bid Ihcni come forth, and hear me. 
 Or at their chamhcr door I'll beat the drum, 
 Till it cry, sleep to death. Shakesp. 
 
 Wlien we have mark'd with blood those sleepy 
 two, 
 Of his own chamber. Shakesp. 
 
 A natural cave in a rock may have sometliing 
 not much unlike to parlours or chambers. Benllei). 
 
 2. Any retired room. 
 
 C H A 
 
 Tlie dark caves of death, and chambers of the 
 grave. Prior. 
 
 3. Any cavity or hollow. 
 
 Petit has, from a examinati(tn of tlie figure of 
 the eye, argued against the possibility of a film's 
 existence in the [lostcriour chamber. Sharp. 
 
 4. A court of justice. 
 
 In the Imperial chamber this vulgar answer is 
 not admitted, viz. I do not believe it, as the matter 
 is propounded and alleged. Aylijfe's Parergon. 
 
 5. The lower part of a gun where the 
 charge is lodged. 
 
 G. A species of great gun. 
 
 Names given them, as cannons, demi-cannons, 
 chambers, arquebuse, musket, S^c. 
 
 Camden s Remains. 
 
 7. The cavity where the powder is lodged 
 
 in amine. 
 To Cha'mber. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 1. To be wanton ; to intrigue. 
 
 Let us walk honestly as in the day, not in riot- 
 ing and drunkenness, not in chamb^-ing and wan- 
 tonness. Romans. 
 
 •2. To reside as in the chamber. 
 
 The best blood chamher\i in his bosom. Shak. 
 
 Cha'mberer. n. *. [from chamber.'] A 
 
 man of intrigue. 
 
 I have not those soft parts of conversation. 
 That chamberers have. Shakesp. 
 
 Cha'mberfellow. 71. s. {from chamber 
 and fellow.] One that lies in the same 
 chamber. 
 
 It is my fortune to have a chamherfcllow, with 
 wliom I agree very well in many scntiluents. 
 
 Spectator. 
 Cha'mberlain. n.s. [from chatnber.] 
 
 1. Lord great chamberlain of England is 
 the sixth officer of the crown ; a consi- 
 derable part of his function is at a coro- 
 nation ; to him belongs the provision of 
 every thing in the house of lords ; he dis- 
 poses of the sword of state ; under him 
 are the gentleman usher of the black rod, 
 yeomen ushers, and door-keepers. To 
 this office the duke of Ancaster makes an 
 hereditary claim. Chambers. 
 
 2. Lord chamberlain of the household has 
 the oversight of all officers belonging to 
 theking's chambers, except the precinct 
 of the bedchamber. Chambers. 
 
 Humbly complaining to her deity. 
 Got my lord chamberlain his liberty. Shakesp. 
 
 He was made lord steward, that the start" of 
 cliamberlain might be put into the hands of his 
 brother. Clarendon. 
 
 A patriot is a fool in every age, 
 AVhom all lord chamberUim'^iUuw the stage. Pope. 
 
 3. A servant who has tlie care of the 
 chambers. 
 
 Think'st thou 
 That the b'eak air, thy boisterous chamberlain, 
 ^Vill put thy shirt on warm ? Shakesp. 
 
 When Duncan is asleep, his two chamberlains 
 We will with wine and wassel convince. Shakesp. 
 He serv'd at first .Himilia's chamberlain. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 4. A receiver of rents and revenues ; as, 
 chamberlain of the exchequer, of Ches- 
 ter, of the city of London. Chambers. 
 
 Cha'mberlainship. n.s. [Urom cham- 
 berlain.] The office of a chamberlain. 
 
 Cha'mberm AID. U.S. [from f/(flH(/icr and 
 maid.] A maid whose business is to 
 dress a lady, and wait in her chamber. 
 
 INIen will not hiss. 
 The chambermaid was named Ciss. Ben Jonson. 
 
 C H A 
 
 Some coarse country wencli, almost decaj'd. 
 Trudges to town, and lirsttunisc')am/)£r/ruiui. Ptfpc. 
 
 When he doubted whether a word were iiitel- 
 iigible or no, he Ubed to consult one of his ladv** 
 cfuimbvrmaids. Suif't. 
 
 If these nurses ever presume to entertain tlie 
 cirla with tlic common follies practised by cham- 
 bermaids among us, they are publickly whijjped. 
 
 Sicift. 
 
 To Ch'amblet. i\a. [fx-om camtlot. See 
 Camelot.] To vary; to variegate. 
 
 Some have tlie veins more varied and cham' 
 bletcdi as oak, whereof wainscot is made. 
 
 Bacons i^'atural /f«r.»ry. 
 
 Cha'mbrel of a horse. Tlie joint or 
 bending of the upper part of the hinder 
 leg. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 ChAME'LEON. 71, S. [xafJLUiMut,] 
 
 The chameleon has four feet, and on each foot 
 three claws. Its tail is long ; w ith tiiis, as well vm 
 with its feet, it fastens itself to the branches of 
 trees. Its tail is flat, its nose lojig, eudins in an 
 obtuse point; its back is sharp, its skin jnaited, 
 and janged like a saw from the neck to the List 
 joint of tlie tail, and upon its head it has some- 
 thing like a comb; like a fish, it lia^noneck. 
 Some have asserted, that it lives only upon air; but 
 it has been observed to feed on flies, catched with 
 its tongue, which is <ibout ten inches long, and 
 three thick ; made of white flesh, round, but flat 
 at the end ; or hollow and open, reseni()ling a:i 
 elephant's trunk. It also stirinks, and grows 
 longer. This animal is said to assume the colour 
 of those things to which it is applied; but our 
 modern observers assure us, that its natural c<,- 
 iour, when at rest and in the shade, is a blui^ii 
 grey ; though some are ^yellow, and oHiers green, 
 but both ot a smaller knid. When it is exposed 
 to the sun, the grey changes into a darker crev, 
 inclining to a dun colour; and its parts, wliich 
 have least of the light upon them, are changed 
 into spots of difl*erent colours. The grain of'its 
 skin, when the light doth not shine upon it, is like 
 cloth mixed w ith many colours. Sometimes, when 
 it is handled, it seems speckled with dark spots, 
 inclining to green. If 'it be put upon a black hat, 
 it appears to be of a violet colour: and sometimes, 
 if it be wrapped up in linen, it is white; but it 
 changes colour only in some parts of the body. 
 
 Calmct. 
 
 A chamel€07i is a creature about the bigness of 
 an ordinary lizard ; his head unproportionabiy 
 big, and his eyes great ; iie moveth his head with- 
 out writhing of his iieck, \vhicli is inflexible, as a 
 hog doth ; his back crooked, his skin spt.tted with 
 little tumours, loss eminent nearer the belly ; his 
 tail slender and long ; on each foot he hath five 
 fingers, tiiree on the outside, and two on the in- 
 side ; his tongue of a marvellous length in respect 
 of his body, and hollow at the end.Vhich he will 
 launch out to prey upon flifs ; of colour green, 
 and of a dusky yellow, brighter and whiter to- 
 wards the belly ;"yet spotted wiiii blue, while, 
 and red. Bacms ^at. Hist. 
 
 I can add colours ev'n to ihc chatneleon ; 
 Change shapes with Proteus, fur advantage. SAafe, 
 
 One part devours the other, and leaves not so 
 much as a mouthful of that popular air, which the 
 chamticons gasp after. ^ _ Decay ofPiettf. 
 
 The thin chameleon, fed with air, receives 
 The ciilour of the thing to which he cleaves. Dryd. 
 
 As the chaDieleon, wliich is known 
 To have no colours of liis own. 
 But borrows from his neighbour's hue 
 His \\hite or black, his green or blue. Prior, 
 
 To Cha'mfer. v.a.[chambrn\ Fr.] To 
 channel ; to make furrows or gutters 
 upon a coUiuin. 
 
 Cha'mfer. In. 5. [from TochamferJ] 
 
 Cha'mfret. J A small furrow or gut- 
 ter on a column, 
 
 Cha'mlet. ?n 5. [See Camelot.] Stuff 
 made originally of cameTs hair. 
 
 To make a chamlet, draw five lines, waved over- 
 thwart, if your diapering consist of a double line. 
 '''eackam on Vrauing., 
 
 287
 
 C H A 
 
 Cha'mois. n. «. [chamois,Fr.] Ananimal 
 of the goat kind, whose skin is made into 
 soft leather, called among us shammy. 
 
 Tliesf are the be^ists which you sluill eat; tlic 
 ox, the sheep, aiid wild ox, and the chamois. 
 
 Vcuteronomit. 
 
 Cha'mOMILE. n. S. [x»i/.aiixri>^<i>.] An 
 odoriferous plant. 
 
 Cool violets, and orpine growing still, 
 Embathed balm, and cheerful galingale. 
 
 Fresh costmary, and breathful chamomile, 
 Dull poppy, and drink quick'ning setuale. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 For though tlic chamomile, the more it is trodden 
 
 on the faster it grows; yet youth, the more it is 
 
 wasted, tlie sooner it wears. Shakesp. 
 
 Posset drink with chamomile flowers. 
 
 Floiicron the Humours. 
 To Champ, v. a. [champuyer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To bite with a frequent action of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Coffee and opium are taken down, tobacco but 
 in smoke, and betel is buichamped in the month 
 with a little lime. _ Bacon. 
 
 The fiend reply "d not, overcome with rage ; 
 But, like a proud steed reign'd, went haughty on, 
 Champing his iron curb. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 At his command 
 Tlie steeds caparisun"d with purple stand, 
 Ajid champ betwixt tlieir teeth the foaming gold. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To devour, with violent action of the 
 teeth. 
 
 A tobacco pipe happened to break in my mouth, 
 and the pieces left such a delicious roughness on 
 ay tongue, that I champed up the remaining part. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 To Champ, v. n. To perform frequently 
 the action of biting. 
 
 Bluttering and champing, as though liis cud 
 had troubled him, he gave occasion to Musidoris, 
 to come near him. Sidney. 
 
 They began to repent of that they had done, 
 and ircfully to champ upon tlie bit they had takeji 
 into their mouths. Hooker. 
 
 Hisjaws did not answer equally to one another ; 
 but, by his frequent motion and champing with 
 them, it was evident they were neither luxated 
 nor fractured. Wiseman. 
 
 Cha'mpaign. n.s. [campagne.Ti:] A 
 flat open country. 
 
 In the abuses of the customs, meseems, jrou 
 have a fair champaign laid open to you, in which 
 you may at large stretch out your triscourse. 
 
 Spenser $ State of' Ireland, 
 
 Of all these bounds, 
 
 With shadowy forests and with champaigns rich'd 
 
 We make thee lady. Shakesp. 
 
 If two bordering princes have their territory 
 
 meeting on an open champaign, the more miglUy 
 
 will continually seek occasion to extend his limits 
 
 unto the further border thereof. Raleigh. 
 
 Sir John Norris maintained a retreat without 
 
 disarray, by the space of some miles, part of the 
 
 ■way champaign, unto the city of Gaunt, with less 
 
 loss of men than the enemy. Baco7i. 
 
 From bis side two rivers flow'd, 
 Th' one winding, th' other straight, and left be- 
 tween 
 Fair champaign, with less rivers interven'd. Milt. 
 Cha'mpertors. n.s. \fvoxa champerty. 
 In law.] Such as move suits, or cause 
 them to be moved, either by their own 
 or others procurement, and pursue, at 
 their proper costs, to have part of the 
 land in contest, or part of the gains. 
 
 Cowell. 
 Cha'mperty. n. s. [champart, Fr. In 
 law.] A maintenance of any man in 
 his suit, while depending, upon condi- 
 tion to have part of the thing when it 
 is recovered. Cowell. | 
 
 C H A 
 
 Champignon. n,s, [champignon^ Fr.] 
 A kind of mushroom. 
 
 lie viler friends with Joublfut muslirooms 
 treats, 
 Secure for you, himself c/trtmpi^no«s eats. Dryd. 
 
 It has the resemblance of a large champignon be- 
 fore it ib opened, branching outnito a large round 
 kuob. Woodward: 
 
 CHAMPION. n.«. [champion^ Fr. campio, 
 
 low Lat.] 
 1. A man who undeilakes a cause in 
 
 single combat. 
 
 In many armies, the matter sliould be tried bv 
 
 duel between two champions. Bacon. 
 
 For hot, cold, moist, and dry, four champiotis 
 
 fierce, 
 
 Strive here for niast'ry, and to battle bring 
 
 Their embryon atoms. Milton's Par, Lost. 
 
 O light of IVojans, and support of Troy, 
 Thy father's champion, and tliy country's joy ! 
 
 Dry den. 
 At length the adverse admirals appear. 
 The two Dold champions of each country's riglit. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 1 . A hero ; a stout warriour ; one bold in 
 contest, 
 
 A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak. 
 
 This makes you incapable of conviction ; and 
 they applaud themselves as zealous champiois fur 
 truth, when indeed they are contending for er- 
 rour. Locke. 
 
 In law. 
 
 In our common law, champion is taken no less 
 for him that trieth the combat in his own case, 
 tlian for him that fighteth in the case of another. 
 
 t'cnicU. 
 To Cha'mpion. r. fl. [from the noun.] 
 To challenge to the combat. 
 
 The seed of Banquo kings! 
 Rather tlian so, come. Fate, into the list, 
 And champion me to th' uttcrrance. Shakesp. 
 
 CHANCE. 71. s. [chanceFr.] 
 
 1. Fortune; the cause of fortuitous events. 
 
 As th'untbought accident is guilty 
 Of what we wildly do, so we profess 
 Ourselves to be the slaves of chance, and flies 
 Of every wind that blows. Shakesp 
 
 The only man, of all that chance could bring 
 To meet my arms, was worth the conquering. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Chance is but a mere name, and really nothing 
 in itself; a conception of our minds, and only a 
 compendious wa3' of sneaking, whereby we would 
 express, that such enects as are commonly at- 
 tributed to chance, were verily produced by their 
 true and proper causes, but without their design 
 to jiroduce them. Benttey. 
 
 2. Fortune ; the act of fortune ; what for- 
 tune may bring: applied to persons. 
 
 These things are commonly not observed, but 
 left to take their chance. Bacons Essays. 
 
 3. Accident; casual occurrence; fortu- 
 itous event. 
 
 T(i say a thing is a chance or casualty, as it re- 
 lates to second causes, is not prufanencss, but a 
 great truth ; as signifying no more, tlian that there 
 are some events besides the knowledge and power 
 of second agents. South. 
 
 The beauty I bclield has struck me dead ; 
 Unknowingly she strikes, and kills by chance ; 
 Poison is in lier eyes, and death in evVy glance. 
 
 Dryden. 
 All nature is but art, unknown to thee j 
 All chance direction, which thou canst not see. 
 
 Pope. 
 t. Event ; success ; luck: applied to things. 
 Now we'll together, and the chance of goodness 
 Be like our warranted quarrel! Shakesp. 
 
 5. Misfortune ; unlucky accident. 
 You were us'd 
 To say extremity was the trier of spirits. 
 That common cnancci common men could bear. 
 
 C H A 
 
 6. Possibility of any occurrence. 
 
 A chance, but chance may lead, where I may 
 meet 
 Surae wand'ring spirit of heav'n, by fountain side. 
 Or in thick shade retir'd. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Then your ladyship might have a chance to es- 
 cape this address. Swift. 
 
 Chance, adj. [It is seldom used but in 
 composition.] Happening by chance. 
 Now should they part, malicious tongues would 
 say. 
 They met like chance companions on the way, 
 
 Dryden. 
 1 would not take the gift. 
 Which like a toy dropt from the hands of 
 
 fortune, 
 Lay for the next chance comer. Dryden. 
 
 To Chance, f. w. [from the noun.] To 
 happen ; to fall out ; to fortune. 
 
 Tliink what a chance thou chancest on, but 
 
 think ; 
 
 Thou hast thy mistress still. Sliakesp. 
 
 How chance tilou art not with the prince thy 
 brother.'' Shakesp. 
 
 Ay, Casca, tell us what hath chanc'd to-day, 
 That Caisar looks so sad. Shakesp. 
 
 He chanced upon divers of the Turks victuallers, 
 whom he easily took. Knolles's History oj the Turks. 
 
 I chose the safer sea, and chanc'd to find 
 A river's mouth imperrious to the wind. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Cha'nceful. adj. [chance and jfull.] Ha- 
 zardous. Out of use. 
 
 Myself would offer you t' accompany 
 In this advent'rous chanceful ieopardy. Spenser. 
 
 Chance-medley, n. s. [from chance and 
 medley.] In law. 
 
 The casual slaughter of a man, not altogether 
 without the fault of the slayer, when ignorance 
 or negligence is joined with the chance ; as if a 
 man lop trees by an highway-side, by which many 
 usually travel, and cast down a. bough, not giving 
 warning to take heed thereof, by which bougn 
 one passing by is slain : in this case he otTends, 
 because he gave no warning, that the party might 
 have taken Tieed to himself Cowell. 
 
 If such an one should have the ill hap, at any 
 time, to strike a man dead with a smart saying, it 
 ought, in all reason and conscience, to be judged 
 but a chance-medley. South. 
 
 Cha'nceable. adj. [from chance^ Ac- 
 cidental. 
 
 The trial thereof was cut off by the chanceabte 
 coming thither of the king of Iberia. Sidney. 
 
 CHA'NCEL. n. s. [from cancelli, Lat. lat- 
 tices, with which the chancel was in- 
 closed.] The eastern part of the church, 
 in which the altar is placed. 
 
 Whether it be allowable or no, that the minister 
 sliould say service in the chancel. Hooker. 
 
 The chancel of this church is vaulted with a 
 single stone of four feet in thickness, and an hun- 
 dred and fourteen in circumferaiice. 
 
 .iddison on Italy. 
 Cha'ncellor. n.s. [cancellai-ius, Lat. 
 chancellier, Fr. from canccllare liicras, 
 vel scriptum lined per medium ductii 
 damnare; and seemeth of itself likewise 
 to be derived a cancellis, which signify 
 all one with xiyx^i Ji; a lattice ; that is, 
 a thing made of wood or iron bars, laid 
 crossways one over another, so that a man 
 may see through them in and out. it 
 may be thought that judgment seats 
 were compassed in with bars, to defend 
 the judges and other officers from the 
 press of the multitude, and yet not to 
 hinder any man's view. 
 Qufesitus regni tibi cancellarius Angli, 
 Primus solliciti mente petendus erit. 
 
 280
 
 C H A 
 
 Hie est, quiregni leges canccUai iniquas 
 Et mandata pit principis (tqtia facit . 
 Verses of I\igtl de IVetekre to 
 the bishop of Ely, chancellor 
 to Richard I.] 
 
 1. The highest judge of the law. 
 
 Cancelturiiii lit tlio first signified the registers or 
 actuaries iir court ; graphtint}s, scii. qui comcribendis 
 et ejcipiendisjttdicum actis dant npertim. but tills 
 name isgri-atly ativanced, and, not only in otiier 
 kingdoms but in this, is given to Iiini that is the 
 chief judge in causes of j)roperty ; for the chan- 
 cfi/oc hath power to moderate "and temper the 
 MTitlen law, and subjecteth himself only to the 
 law of nature and conscience. Coiceli. 
 
 Turn out, you rogue ! how like a beast you lie ! 
 Gil, buckle to the law. Is this an hour 
 To stretch your limbs ? you'll ne'er be chancellor. 
 
 Dryden,jun. 
 
 Aristides was a person of the strictest justice, 
 and best acquainted with the laws, as well as 
 forms, of their government ; so that he was, in a 
 manner, cJumctithr of Athens. Swift. 
 
 2. Chancellor in the Ecclesiastical Court. 
 A bishop's lawyer; a man trained up 
 in the civil and canon law, to direct the 
 bishops in matters of judgment, relating 
 as well to criminal as to civil affairs in 
 the church. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 3. Chancellor of a Cathedral. A dignitary 
 whose office it is to superintend the re- 
 gular exercise of devotion. 
 
 4. Chancellor of the Exchequer. An officer 
 who sits in that court, and in the exche- 
 quer chamber. He has power with others 
 to compoimd for forfeitures on penal sta- 
 tutes, bonds and recognizances entered 
 into by the king. He has great authority 
 in managing the royal revenue, and in 
 matters of first fruits. The courtof equity 
 is in the exchequer chamber, and is held 
 before the lord treasurer, chancellor, 
 and barons, as that of common law before 
 the bai-ons only. Lowell. Chambers. 
 
 5.ChancellorofanUniiersiti/. The prin- 
 cipal magistrate who at Oxford holds 
 his office during life, but at Cambridge 
 he may be elected every three years. 
 
 C. Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, 
 and other military orders, is an officer 
 who seals the commissions and mandates 
 of the chapter and assembly of the 
 knights, keeps the register of their deli- 
 berations, and delivers their acts under 
 the seal of the order. Chambers. 
 
 Chancellorship, n.s. The office of 
 chancellor. 
 
 The Sunday after i\Iore gave up his chanccliiv- 
 3^1/? of England, he came himself to his wife's 
 pew, and used the usual words of his gontleman- 
 usher, Madam, my lord is gone. Camden. 
 
 Cha'ncery, n. s. [from chancellor ; pro- 
 bably c/ianffZ/t/v/, then shortened.] The 
 court of equity and conscience, moderat- 
 ing the rigour of other courts, that are 
 tied to the letler of the law; whereof 
 the lord chancellor of Englatid is the 
 chief judge, or the lord keeper of the 
 great seal. Cowell. 
 
 The contumacy and contempt of the party must 
 be signified iu thecourtofc/janctry.by tlie bfshop's 
 letlersundcr the seal episcopal. Axitijf'c's i*arcrgon. 
 
 CHA'NCRE, n. s. [chancre, Fr.] An ulcer 
 usually arising from venereal maladies. 
 Vol. I, 
 
 C H A 
 
 It is possible he was not well cured, and would 
 have relapsed with a cha?ici-e. li'iseman. 
 
 Cha'ncKOUS, (/<//. [from chanrrr.] Having 
 the qualities of a chancre, ulcerous. 
 
 Vou ipay think I am too strict in giving so 
 many internals in the cure of so small an ulcer as 
 a cliancre, or rather nchancrous callus. Tl'i*-cmai(. 
 
 Chande'lier, n. s. [chandelier, Fr.] A 
 branch for candles. 
 
 Chandler, n. s. [chandelier, Fr.] An 
 ai tisan whose trade it is to make can- 
 dles, or a person who sells thtm. 
 
 The sack that thou hast drunken me, wouUI 
 have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest 
 chatidlcrs in Europe Slinke:^p. 
 
 But whether black or lighter dyes are worn, 
 The chandler's basket on his shoulder born. 
 With tallow spots thy coat. Gui/- 
 
 CHA'NFRIN, n. s. [Old French.] The 
 forepart of the head of a horse, which 
 extends from under the ears, along the 
 interval between the eyebrows, down to 
 his nose. Farrier's Did. 
 
 To CH/\NGE, V. a. [changer, Fr. camhia, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To put one thing in theplace of another. 
 
 He that cannot look into his own estate, had 
 need choose well whom he employeth, and change 
 them often ; for new are more timorous, aiul less 
 subtile. Bacons Essai/a. 
 
 2. To quit any thing for the sake of ano- 
 ther : with /oj- before the thing taken 
 or received. 
 
 Persons grown up in the belief of any religion, 
 cannot change that for another, without applying 
 their understanding" duly to consider and compare 
 both. South. 
 
 The French and we still change ; but lieres the 
 curse. 
 They change for better, and we change for worse. 
 
 J^niden. 
 
 3. To give and take reciprocally : with the 
 particle with before the person to whom 
 we give, and from whom we take. 
 
 To secure thy content, look upon those thou- 
 sands, u'i(/i whom thou wouldst not, for any inte- 
 rest, change thy fortune and condition. 
 
 Taylor's Rule of Living Uoly. 
 
 4. To alter ; to make other than it was. 
 
 Thou shalt not see me blush. 
 Nor change my countenance for this arrest ; 
 A heart unspotted is not easily daunted. Shakc.^p. 
 
 Whatsoever is brought upon thee, take chear- 
 fully, and be patient when thou art changed to a 
 Iow"estate. Ecclus. 
 
 For the elements were changed in tlicmsclvcs by 
 a kind of harmonv ; like as in a psaltery notes 
 change the name of the tune, and yet are always 
 sounds. Wisdom. 
 
 5. To naend the disposition or mind. 
 
 I would she were in heaven, so she could 
 Intrcat some power to change this currish .lew. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 6. To discount a larger piece of money 
 into several smaller. 
 
 A shopkeeper might be able to c/iiinge a guinea, 
 or a moidore, when a customer comes for a crown s 
 worth of goods. Suift. 
 
 7. To change a horse, or to change hand, is 
 to turn or bear the horse's head from one 
 hand to the other, from the left to the 
 right, or from the right to the left. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 To Change, v. n. 
 
 I . To undergo change ; lo suffer altera- 
 tion ; as, his fortiuie may soon change, 
 thoujjh he is now so secure. 
 
 One Julia, that his changing thought formit. 
 Would better fit his ch.tmber. Shakcsp. 
 
 C II A 
 
 2, To change, as the moon ; to begin a 
 new monthlyrevolution. 
 
 1 am «eary of this moon; would he would 
 change. Shukerp, 
 
 Change, w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. An alteration of the state of any thing. 
 
 Since I saw you last, 
 Ihcre is a change upon you. ShakfSp. 
 
 2. A succession of one thing in the place of 
 
 another. 
 
 O woiid'rous changes of a fatal scene, 
 
 Slill varying to The la?l ! Dryden. 
 
 Nothing can cure this part of ill-bfeediiig» but 
 change and variety of company, and that uf ptr- 
 sons above us. LtKke, 
 
 Empires by various turns shall rise and set ; 
 While thy abaudon'd tribes sliali only know 
 A diirrent master and a change of time. Prior. 
 
 Hear how Tiniotheus' various lays surprize, 
 And bid alternate passions fall and rise! 
 While, at each change^ the son of Libyan Jove 
 Now bums with glory, and then melts with love. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Tile time of the moon in which It begins 
 
 a new monthly levoUition. 
 
 Take seeds or roots, and set some of them im- 
 metliately after the change, and others of tlie sai:ic 
 kind immediately after ilie full. Bactyns Xat. Hist. 
 
 4.Novelty ; a state tiitferent from the Tormer. 
 
 The hearts 
 Of all his people sluill revolt from bim, 
 And kiss the lips of unacquainti. d change. Shahap. 
 
 Our fathers did, for change, to France repair ; 
 And i\iv\',UiTcluingc, will try our Kuglishair.iJri/rf. 
 
 .5, [In ringing.] An alteration of the order 
 in which a set of bells is sounded. 
 
 Four bcll-s admit twenty-four changcti m ringing, 
 and five bells one hundred and twenty. 
 
 Holder's Eiciiients of Speech, 
 
 Easy it may be to contrive new postures, and 
 
 ring otlier changes upon the same tiells. Aorrts. 
 
 C. That which makes a variety; that which 
 
 may be used for another of the same kind. 
 
 I will now put forth a riddle unto you ; if you 
 can liiid it out, iht u I will give you thirty sheets, 
 and thirty c/ia/i^jt" of garmenis. Judges. 
 
 7. Small money, "which may be given for 
 larger pieces. 
 
 Wood buys up our old halfpence, and from 
 thence the present want of change arises j but 
 supposing not one farthing of change in the 
 nation, five-and-twenty Uiousand pounds would 
 be sutficient. Siviji. 
 
 3. Change for exchange ; a place where 
 persons meet to traffick and transact 
 mercantile affairs. 
 
 Tlio bar, the hencb, the change, tbe schools and 
 pulpits, are full of quacks, jugglers, and plagia- 
 ries. L'Estrange. 
 
 Cha'ngeable, adj. [^rom change.] 
 
 1 . Subject to change ; fickle ; inconstant. 
 
 A steady mind will admit steady nieihods and 
 counsels -/there is no measure to be taken of a 
 changeable humour. UPstrange. 
 
 As I am a man, I must be changeable; and 
 sometimes the gravest of us all are so, even upon 
 ridiculous accidents. Drtjden. 
 
 2. Possible to be changed. 
 
 The fibrous or vascular parts of vegetables seem 
 sc-Avcc changeable in the alimentary ducl.-ir6ut/im>t 
 
 3. Ilaving tlie quality of exhibiting differ- 
 ent appearances. 
 
 Now the taylor make thy doublet oi changcahle 
 tarieta ; for tKy mind is a very opal. i^hakesf*. 
 
 Cha'ngeableness, n,s. [from change- 
 
 able.] 
 1. Inconstancy ; fickleness. 
 
 At lenglli he betrothed himself to one worthy 
 (o be liked, if any wurthiuess might excuse »«> 
 unwortliy a changeablencss. Sidneji- 
 
 There is no temper of mind more unmanly than 
 that changeablcncis, with which we are too 
 justly branded by all our neighbours. Addis»m.
 
 C H A 
 
 2. Susceptibility of change. 
 
 If iiow long thev are to continue in force, be no 
 where expressed, "then liave we no iiplit to direct 
 our judt;nient concerning iUe cliangeablencss or iin- 
 mutiibililv "f them, but considering (lie nature 
 and quiilily o( such laws. Hooker. 
 
 Cha'ngeably, adv. [from chcmgeab/c] 
 
 Inconstantly, 
 Changeful, adj^lfromchange and full.] 
 Full of change; inconstant ; uncertain ; 
 mutable ; subject to variation ; fickle. 
 
 Unsound plots and changeful orders, are daily 
 devised for her good, yet never etFectually prose- 
 cuted. Spenser. 
 
 Britain, changeful as a child at play, 
 Now calls in princes, and now turns away. Pope. 
 
 Changeling. /(. 5. [from change; the 
 word arises from an odd superstitious 
 opinion, that the fairies steal away chil- 
 dren, and put others that are ugly and 
 stupid in their places.] 
 
 1. A child left or taken in the place of 
 another. 
 
 And her base elfin breed there for thee left : 
 Such TRQn do changelings c?i\\, so chan^'d by fairies 
 
 Iheft. Spenser^ rairy Quecti. 
 
 She, as her attendant, hath 
 A lovely boy stuFn from an Indian king ; 
 She never had so sweet a chnngeimg. Shahesp. 
 
 2. An idiot ; a fool ; a natural. 
 
 Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence sliut 
 out. 
 Wildly we roam in discontent about. Drptlen. 
 
 Would any one be a changelijig, because he is 
 less determined by wise considerations than a wise 
 man ? Locke. 
 
 3. One apt to change ; a waverer. 
 
 Of fickle changeli/igs and poor discontents, 
 That gape and rub the elbow at the news 
 Of hurly-burly innovation. Shakesp. 
 
 'Twas not long 
 Before from world to world they swung ; 
 As thev had turn'd from side to side, 
 And as they c/i«»^c/in^sliv'd, the}' died. Hudibras. 
 
 4. Any thing changed and put in the place 
 of another : in ludicrous speech. 
 
 I folded the writ up in the form of tlie other, 
 Subscrib'd it, gave the impression, plac'dit safely, 
 Tiie chajigeling never known. Shakesp. 
 
 Cha'nger, 7k s, [from change.] One 
 that is employed in changing or dis- 
 counting money ; money-changer. 
 
 CH A'NNEL, 71, s. [carial, Fr. canalis, Lat.] 
 
 1. The hollow bed of i-unning waters. 
 
 It is not so easy, now that things are grown into 
 an habit, and have their certain course, to change 
 the channel, and turn their streams another way. 
 Spenser's State of' Ireland. 
 
 Draw them to Tyber's bank, and weep j'our tears 
 Into the channel, till the lowest stream 
 Do kiss the most exalted shores of all. Shakesp. 
 
 So tb' injur'd sea, whicli from her wonted course, 
 To gain some acres, avarice did force ; 
 If tbe new banks, neglected once, decay. 
 No longer will t'rom her old channel stay. Waller. 
 
 Had not the said strata been dislocated, some 
 of them elevated, and others depressed, there 
 would have been no cavity or channel to give re- 
 ception to the water of the sea. JVoodicard. 
 
 The tops of mountains and hills will be con- 
 tinually washed down by the rains, and the chan- 
 uek of rivers abraded by the streams, Bentlep. 
 
 2. Any cavity drawn longways. 
 
 Complaint, and hot desires, the lover's hell, 
 And sc:dding tears, that wore a chantwl where 
 they fell. Drydens Fables. 
 
 3. A strait or narrow sea, between two 
 countries ; as the British Channel^ be- 
 tween Britain and France ; St. George's 
 Channel, between Britain and Ireland. 
 
 4. A gutter or furrow of a pillar^ 
 
 C H A 
 
 To Cha'nnel, v. a. [from the r^oun.] To 
 cut any thing in channels. 
 
 No more shall Irenclilng war channel her fields, 
 Nor bruise her ttow'rets whh tlie armed hoofs 
 Of hostile paces. Shakesp. 
 
 The body of tlii>^ column is perpetually channel- 
 led, like a thick plaited gown. iVolton's Architecture. 
 Torrents, and luud inipeluous cataracts, 
 Roll down the lofty mountain's channel'd sides. 
 And to the vale convey their foaming tides. 
 
 JMackmorc. 
 
 To CHANT, r. a. [chanter, Fr.] 
 1. To sing. 
 
 Wherein the cheerful birds of sundry kind 
 Do chant swet t nuisick. Fairy Queen. 
 
 ^2, To celebrate by song. 
 
 The poets chayit it in the theatres, the shepherds 
 in the mountains. Bramhall. 
 
 S. To sing in the cathedral service. 
 To ChanTj r. n. To sing; to make me- 
 lody with the voice. 
 
 They chant to the sound of the viol, and invent 
 to themselves instruments of musick. Amos vi. 7. 
 
 Heav'n heard his song, aiul hasten'd his relief ; 
 And cluuiff'd to snowy plumes his hoary hair, 
 And wing d his tlight to chant aloft in air. Dryd. 
 
 Chant, 7(. 5. [from the verb] Song; 
 melody. 
 
 A pleasant grove, 
 Withc/(anf of tuneful birds resounding loud. IMih. 
 
 Chanter, n. s. [from cha7it.'] A singer; 
 a songster. 
 
 You curious chanters of the wood. 
 That warble forth dame Natures lays. Wotton. 
 
 Jove's etherial lays, resistless lire 
 The chanter's soul and raptur'd song inspire. 
 Instinct divine ! nor blame severe his choice, 
 AVarbling the Grecian woes with harp and voice. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Cha'nticleer, n. s. [from chariiei' and 
 claii^, Fr.] The name given to the cock 
 from the clearness and loudness of his 
 crow. 
 
 And chearful chanticleer, with his note shrill. 
 Had warned once, that Phcebus' fiery car 
 In haste was climbing up the eastern hill. Spenser. 
 
 Hark, hark, 1 hear 
 The strain of strutting chanticleer Shakesp. 
 
 Stay, the chearful chanticleer 
 Tells "you that the time is near. Ben Jmison. 
 
 These verses were mentioned by Chaucer, in 
 the description of the sudden stir, and panical 
 fear, when Chanticleer the cock was carried away 
 by Reynard the fox. Camden's Remains. 
 
 Within this homestead lived without a peer, 
 For crowing loud, the noble cha/iticker. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 Cha'ntresSj n. s* [from chaiiL] A wo- 
 man singer. 
 
 Sweet bird, that slmnn*st the noise of folly, 
 I\Iost musical, most melancholy ! 
 Thee, chantrcss of the woods among, 
 I woo to hear thy even song. MUton. 
 
 Cha'ntry, n, s. [from chaTit.] 
 
 Chajitry IS a church or chapel endowed with 
 lands, or other yearly revenue, for the mainte- 
 nance of one or liiore priests, daily to sing mass 
 for the souls of the donors, and such others as 
 they appoint. CowcU. 
 
 Is^ow go with me, and with this holy man, 
 Into the diantru by ; 
 And, underneath that consecrated roof, 
 Plight me the full assurance of your faiUi. Shak. 
 
 CHA'OS, n. s. [chaosj Lat. x*'^-] 
 
 1. The mass of matter supposed to be in 
 confusion before it was divided by the 
 creation into its proper classes and 
 elements. 
 
 The whole universe would have been a con- 
 fused chaos, without beauty or order. Bentley. 
 
 2, Confusion ! irregidar mixture. 
 
 Had I followed the worst, I could not have 
 
 C H A 
 
 brouglit cliurcli and state to such a c/mo! of confu- 
 sions, as some have done. K. Charltt. 
 
 Tiieir reason sleeps, but miniick fancy wakes. 
 Supplies lier parts, and wild ideas takes, 
 From words and things, ill sorted, and misjoin'd ; 
 The anarchy of thought, and chaos of the mind. 
 
 Dryden^ 
 3. Any thing where the parts are undis- 
 tiiigui.shed. 
 
 We shall liave nothing but darkness and a chaos 
 within, wliatever order and light there be in 
 things without us. Locke. 
 
 Pleas'dwith awork, where nothing's just or fit. 
 One glaring chaos .and wild heap of wit. Pojm. 
 Chao'tick, at/j. [from chaos.] Resem- 
 bling chaos ; confused. 
 
 When the terraqueous glolje was in a chaotick 
 state, and the earthly particles subsided, then 
 those several beds were, in all probabilitv, repo- 
 siled in the earth. 'Vcrham. 
 
 To CHAP, V. a. [kappai, Dutcli, to cut. 
 This word seems originally the same 
 with chop ; nor were they probably 
 distinguished at first, otherwise than 
 by accident ; but they have now a mean- 
 ing something dilTerent, though refer- 
 able to the same origintd sense.] To 
 break into hiatus, or gapings. 
 
 It weakened more and more the arch of the 
 earth, drying it immoderately, and chap^ingiihi 
 sundry places. BurnH. 
 
 Then would uubalane'd heat licentious reign, 
 Crack the dry hill, and chaf the russet plain. 
 
 Biachmore. 
 
 Chap. n. s. [from the verb.] A cleft; 
 an aperture ; an opening ; a gaping ; a 
 chink. 
 
 What moisture tlie heat of the summer sucks 
 out of the earth, it is repaid in the rains of the 
 next winter; and what chaps are made in it are 
 filled up again. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Chap, /;. s. [This is not often used, ex- 
 cept by anatomists, in the singular] 
 The upper or under part of a beast's 
 mouth. 
 
 Froth fills his chiips, he sends a grunting sound. 
 
 And part lie churns, and part befoams the 
 
 ground. _ Dri/rfen. 
 
 The nether chap in the male skeleton is half an 
 inch broader than in the female. Greic's Museum. 
 
 CHAPE, }>.s.[chappe,Fv.] 
 
 1. The catch of any thing by which it is 
 held in its place ; as the hook of a scab- 
 bard by which it sticks in the belt ; the 
 point by which a buckle is held to the 
 back strap. 
 
 This is Monsieur Parolles, that had the whole 
 theory of the war in the knot of his scarf, and 
 the practice in the chape of his dagger. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A brass or silver tip or case, that 
 strengthens the end of the scabbard of 
 a sword. Phillips's World (if IVords. 
 
 CHATEL, n. s. [capclla , Lat.] 
 
 A chapel is of two sorts ; either adjoining to a 
 
 church, as a parcel of the same, which men of 
 worth build; or else separate from the mother 
 church, where the parish is wide, and is cotn- 
 monly called a chapel of ease, because it is built 
 for the ease of one or more parishioners, that dwell 
 too far from the church, and is served by some 
 inferiour curate, provided for at the charge of the 
 rector, or of such as have benefit by if, as the 
 composition or custom is. Cinsell. 
 
 She went in among those few trees, so closed 
 in tlie tops together, as they might seem a little 
 chapel. Sutney. 
 
 Will you dispatch us here under this tree, or 
 shall we go with you to your chapel ? IShakesp. 
 
 Where truth erecteth her church, he helps 
 errour to rear up a chapel hard by. Howel. 
 
 A chapel will I build with large endowment.i>i/<i. 
 
 290
 
 C H A 
 
 A free chapel is sucli as is founded by the king 
 of England, Aiilijfe't Parergon. 
 
 Cha'pelEss, arf/. [ftonmhape.] Wanting 
 a chape. 
 
 An old lustj sword, with a broken hilt, and 
 chapeless, with two broken points. Shaliesp. 
 
 Chape'llany, n.s. [from chapel-] 
 
 A chapelianif is usually said to be that which 
 does not subsist of itself, but is built and founded 
 within some other church, and is dependent 
 thereon. Ayliffe't Parergm. 
 
 Chapelry, n. s. [from chapel.] Tlie ju- 
 risdiction or bounds of a chapel. 
 
 CHAPERON, 71. ;f. [French.] A kind 
 of hood or cap worn by the knights of 
 the garter in their habits. 
 
 I will omit the honourable habiliments, as 
 robes of state, parliament robes, chapenms, and 
 caps of state. Camden. 
 
 Cha'pfaln, arf/. [from chap and fain.] 
 Having the mouth shrunk. 
 
 A chairj'ain beaver loosely hanging by 
 The cloven helm. Drydcn. 
 
 Cha'pitek, n. s. [chapileau, Fr.] The 
 upper part or capital of a pillar. 
 
 He overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with 
 gold. Eiodus. 
 
 Chaplain, n. s. [capellanus, Lat.] 
 
 1. He that performs divine service in a 
 cliapel, and attends the king or other per- 
 son, for the instruction of him and his 
 family, to read prayers, and preach. 
 
 Cowell. 
 Wishing me to permit 
 John de la Court, my chaplain, a choice hour, 
 To hear from him a matter of some moment. Shak. 
 Chaplain, away I thy priesthood saves thy life. 
 
 Shake^p. 
 
 2. One that officiates in domestick worship. 
 
 A chief governor can never fail of some worth- 
 less illiterate chaplain, fond of a title and prece- 
 dence. Swift. 
 
 Cha'plainship, n. s. [from chaplain.] 
 
 1 . The office or business of a chaplain. 
 
 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. 
 Cha'pless, adj. [from chap.] Without 
 
 any flesh about the mouth. 
 
 Now chapless, and knocked about the muzzard 
 ■with a sexton's spade. Shakesp. 
 
 Shut me nij:litlv in a charnel-house, 
 AVith reeky shanks and yellow chapless bones. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 Cha'plet, n.s. [chapelet, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A garland or wreath to be worn about 
 tlie head. 
 
 Upon old Hyems' chin, and icy crown. 
 An od'rous chaplet of sweet sumiiier's buds, 
 1, as in mocUcrv, set. Shakesp. 
 
 "I strangely long to know 
 Whether they nobler cliajtlets wear. 
 Those that their mistress scorn did bear, 
 Or those that were os'd kindly. Suckling. 
 
 All the quire was grac'd. 
 With chaptets green, upon their foreheads placM. 
 
 Drijden. 
 The winding ivy chaplet to invade. 
 And folded fern, 'that your fair forehead shade. 
 
 Drtidcn. 
 They made an humble chaplet for the king. Swiji. 
 
 2. A string of beads used in the Romish 
 church for keeping an accoimt of the 
 number rehearsed of paternosters and 
 ave-marias. A different sort of chaplets 
 is also used by the Mahometans. 
 
 3. [Inarchitecture.] A little moulding carv- 
 ed into round beads, pearls, or olives. 
 
 4. [In horsemanship.] A couple of stirrup 
 leathers, mounted each of them with a 
 stirrup, and joining at top in a sort of lea- 
 
 C H A 
 
 ther buckle, which is called the head of 
 the chaplet, by which they are fastened 
 to tlie pummel of a saddle, after they 
 have been adjusted to the length and 
 bearing of the rider. Famer's Diet. 
 
 5. .\ tuft of feathers on the peacock's head. 
 
 Cha'pman, n. s. [ceapman. Sax.] A 
 cheapner ; one that offers as a purchaser. 
 
 Fair Diomede, 3"ou do as chapimn do. 
 Dispraise the thing that you intend to buy. Shak. 
 \ et have they seen the maps, and bought 'era 
 
 too. 
 And understand 'em as most chapmen do. 
 
 Ben Jottson. 
 There was a collection of certain rare manu- 
 scripts, exquisitely written in Arabick ; tljese 
 were upon sale to the Jesuits at Antwerp, liquo- 
 rish ci apmen of such wares. 1* atum. 
 He Ircssed two, and carried them to Samos, as 
 the likeliest place for a chapman. UKstrange. 
 
 Their chapmen they betray. 
 Their shops are dens, the buyer is their prey. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Chap.s, n. s [from chap.] 
 
 1, The mouth of a beast of prey. 
 
 So on the downs wc see 
 A hasten'd hare from greedy greyhound go. 
 And past all hope, his chaps to frustrate so. Sidney. 
 Open your mouth ; you cannot tell who's your 
 friend ; open your chaps again. Shakesp. 
 
 Their whelps at home expect the promis'd food, 
 And long to temper their dry chaps in blood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. It is used in contempt for the mouth 
 of a man. 
 
 Chapt, Iparticip. pass, [from To 
 Chapped, 5 cfi"}'-] 
 
 Like a table upon which you may ruiiyour 
 finger without rubs, and your nail cannot find a 
 joint; not horrid, rough, wrinkled, gaping, or 
 chapt. -Bt'H fonsan. 
 
 Cooling ointment made. 
 Which on their sunburnt cheeks and their chapt 
 skins they laid. Di-yden's Fables. 
 
 Cha'pter, n s.[chapitre, Fr. trom capi- 
 tulum. Lat.] 
 
 1. A division of a book. 
 
 The first book we divide into three sections ; 
 whereof the first is these three chapters. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 If these mighty men at chapter and verse, can 
 produce then "no scripture, to overthrow our 
 church ceremonies, I will undertake to produce 
 scripture enough to warrant them. South. 
 
 2. From hence comes the proverbial 
 phrase, to the end of the chapter ; 
 throughout ; to the end. 
 
 Money does all things ; for it gives and it takes 
 away, it makes honest men and knaves, fools and 
 philosophers; and so forward, mutatis mutandis, 
 to the end of the chapter. L'Estrange. 
 
 S.Chapter, from capitulum,sigmfieih,m our 
 common law, as in the canon law, whence 
 it is borrowed, an assembly of the clergy 
 of a cathedral or collegiate church. Cout// 
 The abbot takes the advice and consent of his 
 choitter, before be enters on any matters of im- 
 portance. Addison on hat it. 
 
 ■i. The place where delinquents receive 
 discipline and correction. Ai/liffe's Par. 
 
 5. A decretal epistle. Ai/Uffes Parerg. 
 
 6. Chapter-house ; the place in which as- 
 semblies of the clergy are held. 
 
 Though the canonical constitution docs strictly 
 require it to be made in the cathedral, yd it inat- 
 tcrs not where it be made, either in ifie chnir or 
 chapter-house. .■iylijre's Parerg. 
 
 Cha'ptrel, n. J. [probably from chapi- 
 ter.] The capitals of pillars, or pilas- 
 
 C H A 
 
 ters, which support arches, commonly 
 called imposts. 
 
 Let the keystone break without the arch, so 
 much as you project over the jaums with tiM 
 chaptrels. Moion. 
 
 Char, n. «. [of uncertain derivation.] A 
 fish found only in Winander meer, in 
 
 Lancashire. 
 To Char, r. a. [See Charcoal,] To 
 burn wood to a black cinder. 
 
 Spraywood, in charring, parts into varioui 
 cracks. Woodvrard. 
 
 CHAIl, n.s. [cyppe work, Sa.T. I.j/e. It 
 is derived by .S'A'innf r.eitlier from charge, 
 Fr. business ; or CHpc, .Sax. care ; or ket- 
 ren, Dutch, to sweep.] Work done by 
 the day ; a single job or task. 
 
 A nicer woman, and commanded 
 B3' such poor passion, as the maid that rnilk«. 
 And does the meanest chars. Sliakeip. 
 
 She, har\"est done, to clmr work did a&pire : 
 Meat, drink, and two-pence, were licr daily hire. 
 
 Driidcn. 
 
 To Char, v. n. [from the noun.] To work 
 at others houses by the day, without 
 being a hired servant. 
 
 Cha'rwoman, 7). s. [from c/iar and ico- 
 manJ] A woman hired accidentally for 
 odd work, or single days. 
 
 Get three or four ciiar-Komen to attend you con- 
 stantlv in the kitcticn, whom you pay only with 
 the broken meat, a few coals, and all *t!ie cinders. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 CHARACTER, n. s. [character, Lat. 
 
 ya^a,-A.rri^ ] 
 
 1. A mark ; a stamp ; a representalion. 
 
 In outward also her resembling less 
 His image, who made both ; and less expressing 
 The character oi that dominion giv'n 
 O'er other creatures. Puraa'ise h.st. 
 
 2. A letter used in writing or printing. 
 
 But his neat cookery ! 
 He cut our roots in characters. Shakesp. 
 
 The purpose is perspicuous, even as substance 
 Whose grossness little c/iaracters sum up. Shakesp. 
 
 It were much to be wished, that there were 
 throughout the world but one sort of character 
 for each letter, to express it to the eye ; and that 
 exactly proportioned to the natural alphabet 
 formed in tlie mouth. Holder's Elements of Speech. 
 
 3. The hand or manner of writing. 
 I found the letter thrown in at the casement o 
 
 my closet. Vou know the c^iuructer to be you " 
 brother's. Shakesi , 
 
 4. A representation of any man as to his 
 personal qualities. 
 
 Each drew fair c/iflrtirfers, yet none 
 Of these they feign'd cxcels'their own. Denham* 
 
 Homer has excelled all the hcroick poets that 
 ever wrote, in the multitude and variety of his 
 c/iaroclci-s ; every god that is admitted into hiij 
 poem, acts a part which would have been suita- 
 ble to no other deity. Addison. 
 
 5. An account of any thing as good or bad. 
 
 This subterraneous passage is luucli mended , 
 s'uice Seneca gave so bad a c7i(iiiirt<i" of it. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 6. The person with his assemblage of 
 qualities ; a personage. 
 
 In a tragedy, or epick poem, the hero of the 
 piece must be advanced foremost to the view of 
 the reader or spectator ; he must outshine the rest 
 of all xi^e characters ; he must ajipear the prince 
 of them, like the sun in the Copernican system, 
 encompassed with the less noble planets. Vrydrn. 
 
 7. Personal qualities ; particular constitu- 
 tion of the mind. 
 
 Nothing so true as what ymi once let fall. 
 Most women have no characters at all. rope. 
 
 8. Adventitious quahtics impressed by a 
 post or office. 
 
 291
 
 C H A . 
 
 Tlie chief lionour uf the magistrate consists in 
 maintaining the dignity of his character by suita- 
 ble actionn. ' Atierburi}. 
 
 To Cha'racter, v. fl. [from the noun.] 
 To inscribe ; to engrave. It seems to 
 have had the accent formerly on the se- 
 cond syllable. 
 
 These few precepts in thy memory 
 See thoucAamcUT. Shahesp. 
 
 Shew me one scar character d on thy skin. Shuk. 
 
 O Rosalind ! these trees shall be my books, 
 And in their barks my thoughts I'll character. Shak. 
 
 The pleasing poison 
 The visao;e quite transforms of him that drinks, 
 And the inglorious likeness of a beast 
 Fives instead, unmoulding reason's mintage. 
 Character il in the fiice. Milton, 
 
 Characteri'stical, adj. [from charac- 
 terize.^ That which constitutes the cha- 
 racter, or marks the peculiar properties 
 of any person or thing. 
 
 There are several others that I take to have 
 been likewise such, to wliich 1 have yet not ven- 
 tured to prefix that characttristich distinction. 
 
 iVoodward on Fossils. 
 
 The shining quality of an epick hero, his mas- 
 naniniity, his constancy, his patience, his piety, 
 or whatever diaracteristical \irtue his poet gives 
 him, raises our admiration. Drtjdcu. 
 
 Characteri'sticalxess, n, s. [from 
 characteristicai.] The quality of being 
 peculiar to a character; marking a cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Characteri'stick, n. s. That which 
 constitutes the character ; that which 
 distinguishes any thing or person from 
 others. 
 
 This vast invention exerts itself in Homer, in 
 a manner superior to that of any poet; it is the 
 great and peculiar characta'istick which distin- 
 guishes hira from all others. Pope. 
 
 Characteri'stick of a Logarithm, The 
 
 same with the index or exponent. 
 To Ch a'r ACTERiZE,r. fl.[from character.'] 
 
 1 . To give a character or an accoimt of 
 the personal qualities of any man. 
 
 It is some connnendation, that we have avoid- 
 ed publicly to characterize any person, without 
 long experience. Swift. 
 
 2. To engrave or imprint. 
 
 They may be called anticipations, prenotions, 
 or sentiments charactenzed and engraven in the 
 soul, born with it, and growing up with it. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Maiihind. 
 
 3. To mark with a pai'ticular stamp or token. 
 
 There are faces not only individual, but gen- 
 lilitious and national ; European, Asiatick, Chi- 
 nese, African, and Grecian faces are characterized. 
 ArbutJnwt on Air. 
 
 Cha'RACterless, adj, [from character.] 
 Without a character. 
 
 When water-drops have worn the stones of 
 Troy, 
 And blind' oblivion swallow'd cities up. 
 And mighty states characterless axe grated 
 To dusty nothing. Shahesp. 
 
 Charactery, w. s. [from character.] Im- 
 pression ; mark ; distinction : accented 
 anciently on the second syllable. 
 Fairies use flowers for their c/taracferi/. Shahesp. 
 All my engagements I wili construe to thee, 
 All the characterv of my sad brows. Shakcsp. 
 
 Charcoal, w. s. [imagined by Skiiiner 
 to be derived from char business; but, 
 b)^ Mr. Lye^ from To chark to burn.] 
 Coal made by biu'ning wood under turf. 
 It is used in preparing metals. 
 Seacoal lasts longer than charcoal ; and char- 
 
 C H A 
 
 coal of roots, being coaled into great pieces, lasts 
 longer than ordinary charcoal. Bacon. 'i Nat. Hist. 
 
 Love is a fire that burns and sparkles 
 In luen as nat'rally as in charcoaU, 
 Which ^ooty chyniisls stop in holes. 
 When (Hit o"f wood they extract coals. Hudibras. 
 
 Is there who, lock''d from ink and paper, 
 scrawls, 
 \\ ith desj)"rate charcoal round his darken'd 
 walls f Fope 
 
 Chard, n. s. [charde, French.] 
 
 1. ('hards oi^ artichokes, are the leaves of 
 fair artichoke plants, tied and wrapped 
 up all over but the top, in straw, during 
 the autumn and winter ; this makes 
 them grow white, and lose some of 
 their bitterness. Chambers. 
 
 ti. Chards of beet, are plants of white 
 beet transplanted, producing great tops, 
 which, in the midst, have a large, white 
 thick, downy, and cotton-hke main 
 shoot, which is the true chard. Mortimer. 
 
 To CHARGE, r. a. [charger, Fr. caricare, 
 Ital. from carruSj Lat.] 
 
 1. To entrust ; to commission for a cer- 
 tain purpose: it has with before the 
 thing entrusted. 
 
 And the caiHain of the guard charged Joseph 
 uith ihein, and he served them. Genesis. 
 
 Wliat you have charged me withj that I have 
 done. Sliakesp. 
 
 2. To impute as a debt; with on before 
 the debtor. 
 
 My father's, mother's, brother's death I par- 
 don ; 
 That's somewhat sure ; a mighty sum of murder, 
 Of innocent and kindred blood struck olf : 
 My prayers and penance shall discount for these, 
 And beg of Heav n to charge the bill on me. 
 
 I>ryden. 
 
 3. To impute : with on before the person 
 to whom any thing js imputed. 
 
 No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime 
 
 On native slolh, and negligence of lime. Drydeu. 
 
 ' It is easy to account fur the difficulties he 
 
 charges on the peripatetick doctrine. Locke. 
 
 It is not barely the ploughman's pains ; the 
 reaper's and thresher's toil, and the baker's 
 sweat, is to be counted into the bread we eat ; 
 the plough, mill, oven, or any other utensils, 
 must all h<^ charged on the account of labour. Locfce. 
 
 Perverse mankind ! wliose wills, created free, 
 Charge all their woes on absolute decree ; 
 All to the dooming gods their guilt translate, 
 And follies are misculPd the crimes of fate. Pope. 
 
 We cJiarge that upon necessity, which was 
 really desired and chosen. IVatls's Logick. 
 
 4'. To impute to, as cost or hazard. 
 
 He was so great an encoura^er of commerce, 
 that lie charged himself with all the sea risk of 
 such vessels as carried corn to Rome in winter. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 5. To impose as a task; it has with be- 
 fore the thing imposed. 
 
 The gospel chargeth us uith piety towards God, 
 and justice and charity to men, and teinperance 
 and chastity in reference to ourselves. Tillotson. 
 
 6. To accuse ; to censure. 
 
 Speaking thus to you, I am so far from charging 
 you as guilty in this matter, that I can sincerely 
 say, I believe the exhortation wholly needless. 
 
 Wake's Preparation for Death. 
 
 7- To accuse; it has with before the 
 crime. 
 
 And his angels he charged with folly. Job. 
 
 8. To challenge. 
 
 The priest shall charge her by an oatb.A'umfce/'S. 
 
 Thou canst not, cardinal, devise a name 
 So slit^ht, uiiworlliy, and ridiculous, 
 To charge nie to an* answer as the pope. Shahesp. 
 
 9. To command ; to enjoin. 
 
 c H A 
 
 I may not suffer you to visit tliem ; 
 Tlie king hath strictly charged tlic cuntrary. Shak. 
 Why dost tliou turn tliy face ? I charge thee, 
 answer 
 To whiit I sliall enquire. Dryden. 
 
 1 charge thee, stnud, 
 And tell thy name, and business in the land.Dryd. 
 
 10. To fall upon ; to attack. 
 
 ^Vitll his prepared sword he charges home 
 i\Iv unprovided body, lane'd my arm. Shahefp. 
 
 The Grecians rally, and their pow'rs unite ; 
 With fury charge us, and renew the lij^ht. Vryd, 
 
 1 1 . To burden ; to load. 
 
 Here's tlie smell of blood still ; all the perfumes 
 of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Oh! 
 
 oh! oh ! What a sigh is there. The heart 
 
 is sorely changed. Shakesp. 
 
 When often ury'd, unwilling to be great, 
 Vour country calls you from your lov'd retreat, 
 And sends to senates, c/)or^ a with common care, 
 V\ hich none more shuus, and none can better 
 bear. Drydcn. 
 
 Meat swallowed dowir for pleasure and greedi- 
 ness, only charges liie stomach, or fumes into 
 the brain. Temple. 
 
 A fault in the ordinary method of educatiou, 
 is the charging of children's memories with rules 
 and precepts. Locke. 
 
 The brief with weighty crimes was charg\I, 
 On which the pleader nmch enlarg'd. Su'iji. 
 
 12. To cover with something adventitious. 
 
 It is pity the obelisks in Kunie had not been 
 charged with several parts of the Egy(itian histo- 
 ries, instead of hieroglyphicks. Addison on Italy. 
 
 13. To fix, as for fight. Obsolete. 
 
 He rode up and down, gallantly mounted, and 
 charged and discharged his lance. 
 
 Knolles's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 14. To load a gim with powder and bul- 
 lets. 
 
 To Charge, v. n. To make an onset. 
 
 Like your heroes of aatitjuity, he charges in 
 iron, and seems to despise all ornament but in- 
 trinsick merit. Granmlle. 
 
 Charge, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Care ; custody ; trust to defend. 
 
 A hard division, when the harmless sheep 
 
 Must leave their lambs to hungry wolves in 
 
 charge. Fairf'at. 
 
 He enquired many tilings, as well concerning 
 
 the |irinces which had the charge of the city, 
 
 w hether they were in hope to defend the same. 
 
 Knalles's Hist, of the Turks 
 
 2. Precept ; mandate ; command. 
 
 Saul might even lawfully have oflered to Gofl, 
 those reserved spoils, bad' not the Lord, in th.,t 
 particular case, given speciul charge to the con- 
 
 trary. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 It is not for nothing that St. Paul giveth charge 
 to beware of philosophy; that is to say, such 
 knowledge as men by natural reason attain unto. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 One of the Turks laid down letters upon a 
 stone, saying, that in them was containeci that 
 they had 'in eliarge. Knoltes. 
 
 The leaders having charge from you to stand. 
 Will not go off until they hear you speak. Shak. 
 
 He, who requires 
 From us no other service, than to keep 
 This one, this easy charge ; of all the trees 
 In Paradise, that'bear delicious fruit 
 So various, not to taste that only tree 
 Of knowledge, planted by the tree of life.Mi/(oii. 
 
 3. Commission; trust conferred; office. 
 
 If large jiossessions, pompous titles, honoura- 
 ble charges, and profitable commissions, could 
 have made this proud man happy, there w.ujld 
 have been nothing wanting. " L'Estrange. 
 
 Go first the master of tliy herds to find. 
 True to his charge, a loyal swain and kind. Popt. 
 
 4. It had anciently soimetimes over before 
 the thine committed to trust, 
 
 292
 
 C H A 
 
 I gave mv brother charge over .lerusalorn ; fur 
 be was a faithful mail, and ftared God above many- 
 
 Nehemiah. 
 
 5. It has of before the subject of com- 
 mand or trust. 
 
 Hast tliou eaten of the tree, 
 Mliereifl gave thee charge thou shouldst not eat: 
 
 MilUyn. 
 
 6. It has upon before the person charged. 
 
 lie loves God with all his heart, that is, with 
 that degree of love, which is the highest point of 
 our duty, and of God's charge uppn us. 
 
 Taylors Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 7. Accusation ; imputation. 
 
 We need not lay new matter to his charge: 
 Beating your officers, cursing yourselves. Skahesp. 
 
 These very nit-n are continually rtproachiug 
 the clergy, and laying to their charge the pride, 
 the avarice, the luxury, the ignorance, and super- 
 stition of popish linies. Sidft^ 
 
 S. The person or thing entrusted to the 
 charge* or management of another. 
 
 AVhy hast thou, Satan, broke the bounds pre- 
 scrib'd 
 To thy transgressions, and disturl>'d the charge 
 Of otiiers r ^ Milton i Par. Lost. 
 
 More had he said, but fearful of her sta^-. 
 The starry guardian drove his charge away 
 To some fresh pasture. Drudcn. 
 
 Our guardian angel saw them where they sate 
 Above the palace of our slumb'ring king ; 
 He sigh'd, abandoning his charge to fate. Dryden. 
 
 This part should be the govemour's principal 
 care ; that an habitual gracefulDcss and politeness, 
 in all his carriage, may be settled in his charge, 
 as much as may be, before he goes out of his 
 hands. • Locke _ 
 
 9. An exhortation of a judge tea jury, or 
 
 bishop to his clergy. 
 
 The bishop has recommended this author in 
 bis charge to the clergy. Dryden. 
 
 10. Expence; cost. 
 
 Being long since made weary with llie huge 
 charge which you have laid upon us, and wilh 
 the strong endurance of so many complaints. 
 
 Sjyenser on Ireland. 
 
 Their charge was always bom by tlie queen, 
 and duly paid out of the exchequer. 
 
 Bacon s Advice to Villiers. 
 
 AVitness tiiis array of such mass and charge. 
 Led by a deiicaie and tender prhice. Shakesp. 
 
 Hu liv'd as kings retire, though more at large, 
 From publick business, yet of equal charge. Drud. 
 
 1 1. It is, in later times, commonly used in 
 the plural, charges. 
 
 A man ought warily to be^n charges, which, 
 once begun, will continue. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Ne'er put yourself to charges, to complain 
 Of wrong which heretofore you did sustain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The last pope was at considerable charges to 
 make a little kind of harbour in this place. 
 
 Addison on Italif. 
 
 12. Onset 
 
 _ And giving a charge upon their enemies, like 
 lions, they slew eleven thousand footmen, and 
 sixteen hundred horsemen, and put all the others 
 to flight.^ 2 Maccabees. 
 
 Honourable retreats are no ways inferior to 
 brave charges ; as having less of fortune, more of 
 discipline, and as much of valour. 
 
 Bacon's War with Spain. 
 
 13. The signal to fall upon enemies. 
 
 Our author seems to sound a c/iarge, and be- 
 gins like tlic clangour of a trumpet. Dryden. 
 
 14. The posture of a weapon fitted for the 
 attack or combat. 
 
 Tlieir neighing coursers daring of the spur. 
 Their armed staves in charge, tlieir beavers down. 
 
 ahakesp. 
 
 1j. a load, or burthen. 
 
 Asses of great charge. Shakesp. 
 
 6, \NTiat any thing can bear. 
 
 C H A 
 
 Tike of aqua-forlis two ounces, of quick-silver 
 two drachms, for that charge the aqua fortis will 
 bear, the dissolution will not bear a flint as big as 
 
 a nutmeg. 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 17. The quantity of powder and ball put 
 into a gun. 
 
 18. Among farriers. 
 
 Charge is a preparation, or a sort of ointment 
 of the consistence of a thick decoction, which is 
 applied to the shoulder-splaits, intiammations, and 
 sprains of horses. 
 
 A charge is of a middle nature, between an 
 ointment and a plaster, or between a plaster and 
 a cataplasm. furrier's i>ict. 
 
 19. In heraldry. 
 
 The charge is that which is born npon tlie co- 
 lour, except it be a coat divided only by parti- 
 tion. Peacliam. 
 
 Cha'rgeable, adj. [from charge] 
 
 1. Expensive: costly. 
 
 Divers bulwarks were demolished upon the sea- 
 coasts, in peace chargeable, and little serviceable 
 in war. _ Hayuard. 
 
 Neither did we eat any man's bread fur nought, 
 but wrought with labour and travel night and 
 day, that we might not be chargeable to an^v of 
 yo'u. 2 Thessalomans, 
 
 There was another accident of the same nature 
 on the Sicilian side, much more pleasant, but less 
 charg'able ; for it cost nothing but wit. WoUon. 
 
 Considering the chargeable methods of their 
 education, their numerous issue, and small in- 
 come, it is next to a miracle, that no more of 
 their children should want. Atterbury. 
 
 2. Imputable, as a debt or crime ; with on. 
 
 Nothing can be a reasonable ground of despi- 
 sing a man, but some fault or other chargeable 
 upon him. _ Oouth. 
 
 3. Subject to charge or accusation ; ac- 
 cusable: followed by with. 
 
 Your papers would be chargeable with some- 
 thing worse than mdelicacy ; they would be im- 
 moral. " Spectator. 
 
 Cha'kgeableness, n. s. [from charge- 
 able.] Expence ; cost ; costliness. 
 That which most deters me from such trials, is 
 not their char^eableness, but their unsatisfactori- 
 ness, though they should succeed. Boyle. 
 
 Cha'rgeably, adv. [from chargeable.] 
 Expensively ; at great cost.' 
 
 fie procured it not with his money, but by his 
 wisdom ; not chargeably bought by him, but libe- 
 rally given by otiiers by his means. Aicham. 
 
 Cha'rgeful, adj. [charge and full.] 
 Expensive ; co,tly. Not in use. 
 
 Here's the note 
 How much your chain weighs to the utmost 
 
 carat. 
 The fineness of the gold, the chargeful fashion. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Cha'rgee, n. s. [from charge.] 
 A large dish. 
 
 All the tributes land and sea affords, 
 
 Heap'd in great chargeit load our sumptuous 
 
 boards. Denhair. 
 
 This oolden charger, snatch'd from burnuig 
 
 Troy, 
 
 Anchises({id in sacritice employ. Dryd. .'Ene'td. 
 
 Ev'n Lamb himself, at the most soleinn feast, 
 JMight have some chargers not exactly dress'd. Jiing 
 
 Nor dare ihcy close their eyes. 
 Void of a bulky charger near their lips, 
 AVith which, in often interrupted sleep. 
 Their frvine blood compels to irrigate 
 Their dfy-turr'd tongues. Philips. 
 
 Cha'rily, "arfw. [from chart/.] Warily; 
 frugally. 
 \Vhat paper do you take up so charily ? Shakesp. 
 Cha'riness, n.s. [from chart/.] Caution; 
 nicetj' ; scrupulousness. 
 
 1 will consent to act any villany against him, 
 that may not sully the chariness of y outlionest y. 
 
 "ihakesp. 
 
 C H A 
 
 CHARIOT, n. s. [car-rhod, Welsh, a 
 wheeled car ; for it is known tiie Britoi^s 
 fought in such ; charriot, Tr. carntic, 
 Ital.] 
 
 1. A wheel carriage of pleasure or state ; 
 a vehicle for men rather than wares. 
 
 'J'hy grand captain .Auloiiy 
 Shall set thee on trmmpliant chariots, and 
 I'ut garlands on thy head. .^aktfp. 
 
 2. A car in which men of arms were ai,- 
 ciently placed. 
 
 He skims the liquid plains, 
 Hisli on his chariot, and with loosen'd reins 
 iMajestick mi>ve9 along. Dryden s .f^nei-L 
 
 3. A lighter kind of coach, with only 
 front seats. 
 
 To Chariot, r. a. [from the noun,] To 
 con\ey in a chariot. This word is rarely 
 used. 
 
 An angel all in flames ascended. 
 As in a tiery colunm charioting 
 His godlike presence. Milton's S^trnpson .igonistcs. 
 
 Charioteer, n. s. [from chariot.] He 
 that drives the chariot. It is used only 
 in speaking of militiiry chariots, and 
 those in the ancient public games. 
 
 The gasping charioteer beneath the wheel 
 Of his own car. Dryden s Fables. 
 
 The burning chariot, and the chariotetr. 
 In bright Bootes and his wane appear. 
 
 Addis'm on Italy. 
 
 Show us tlie youthful handsome charioteer, 
 Firm in his seat, and ruiniing his career. Pr.-.T. 
 
 Chariot race, n. s. [from chariot and 
 race.] A sport anciently used, where 
 chariots were driven for the prize, as 
 now horses run. 
 
 Tliere is a wonderful vigour and spirit in the 
 description of the horse and c^iarief race. Addison. 
 
 Cha'ritable, adj. [charitable, Fr. from 
 
 charite.] 
 
 1 . Kind in giving alms ; liberal to the 
 poor. 
 
 He that hinders a charitable person from giving 
 alms to a poor man, is tied to restitution, if he 
 hindered him by fraud or violence. 
 
 Taylor s Holy Lie. 
 
 Shortly thou wilt behold me poor, and kneeling 
 Before thy charitable door for bread. Rout. 
 
 How shall we then wi>h, that it might be al- 
 lowed us to live over our lives again, in order to 
 fill every minute of them with charitable olEces ! 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 Health to himself, and to his infants bread, 
 Tlie lab'rer bears : w liat his hard heart denies. 
 His charitable vanity supplies. Pope. 
 
 2. Kind in judging of others; disposed 
 to tentierness ; benevolent. 
 
 How bad you been my friends else r \\ by have 
 you that charitable title "from thousands, did you 
 not chiefly belong to my heart ! Shakes;). Tiiiion. 
 
 Of a politick s^riuoii that had no divinity, the 
 king said to Bishop .Andrews, Call you this a ser- 
 mon r The bishop answered. By a charitable con- 
 struction it may be a sermon. Bacon. 
 
 Charitably, adv. [from chariti/.] 
 
 '. . Kindly ; liberally ; with inclination to 
 
 help the poor. 
 2. Benevolently ; without maligi^ity. 
 
 Nothing will more enable us to bearonr cress 
 patiently, injuries charitably, and the labour of 
 religion comfortably. Taylor. 
 
 'Tis best souietiines your ccnstire to restrain. 
 And charitably let the dull be vain. Pope. 
 
 CHARITY, n.s. [charittf, Fr. charitas, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Tenderness; kindness; love. 
 
 293
 
 C H A 
 
 By thee, 
 founded in reason, loval, just, and pure. 
 Relations dear, anil all the charities 
 Of father, son, and brother, first were linown. 
 
 Milton. 
 2. Goodwill ; benevolence ; disposition 
 to think well of others. 
 
 M_v errours, I hope, are only those of charity 
 to mankind ; and such as my own charity has 
 caused me to commit, that of others may more 
 easily excuse. _ _ Drudcn. 
 
 S. The theological virtue of universal 
 love. 
 
 Concerning charity, the final object whereof is 
 tliat incomprehensible beauty which shineth in 
 the countenance of Christ, the Sun of the living 
 God. Hooker. 
 
 Peace, peace, for shame, if not {or charity. — 
 —Urge neither charity nor shame to me j 
 Uncharitably with me have you dealt. Shakes]!. 
 
 Only add 
 Deeds to thy knowledge answerable ; add faith. 
 Add virtue, patience, temperance ; add love, 
 Bv name to coine cali'd charity, the soul 
 Of all the rest. Milton. 
 
 Faith believes the revelations of God ; hope 
 expects his promises ; charity loves his excellen- 
 cies and mercies. Ta\)lor. 
 
 But lasting charity's more ample sway. 
 Nor bound by time," nor subject to dcc'ay. 
 In happy triumph sliall for ever live. Prior. 
 
 Cliarity, or a love of God w hich works by a love 
 of our neii^hbour, is greater than faitli or liope. 
 
 Atterhunj. 
 
 4. Liberality to the poor. 
 
 The heathen (loet, in commendini; the charity of 
 Dido to the Trojans, spoke like a Ciiristian. Dryd. 
 
 5. Alms ; relief given to the poor. 
 
 We must incline to tlie king ; I will look for 
 him, and privily reheve hiiu ; go you and main- 
 tain talk with tile duke, that my charity be not of 
 him perceived. .Shakc.^t. 
 
 The ant did well to reprove the grasshopper for 
 her slothfulness ; but she did ill then to refuse her 
 a chanty in her distress. L'Estrangc. 
 
 I never had the confidence to beg a charity. 
 
 Uryden. 
 
 To Chark, r. a. To bin-n to a black 
 cinder, as wood is burned to make char- 
 coal. 
 
 Excess either with an apoplexy knocks a man 
 on the head, or witli a fever, like lire in a strong 
 water shoj), burns him down 1o the ground ; or, 
 if it flames not out, chark^ him to a coal. 
 
 Grcw'.^ Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 CH.VRLATAN, n.s. [charlatan, Vr.ciar- 
 
 latano, Ital. from ciurlare to chatter.] 
 
 A quack ; a mountebank ; an empiriek. 
 
 Saitinihanchoes, quacksalvers, and charlatans, 
 
 deceive them in lower degrees. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 For charlatans can do no good. 
 
 Until thi\v're mounted in a crowd. Hiidibras, 
 
 Charlata'nical, adj. [from charlatan.'] 
 
 Quackish ; ignorant. 
 
 A cowardly soldier and a charlatanical doctor, 
 are the principal subjects of comedy. Cowlev. 
 
 Cha'rlatanry, n, s. [from charlatan.] 
 \^'heedling ; deceit ; cheating with fair 
 words. 
 
 Charles's-vvain, n. s. The northern 
 constellation called the Bear. 
 
 There are seven stars in Ursa minor, and in 
 
 Charles's-wain, or Plaustrum of Ursa major, seven 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 CH.4RL0CK, n. s. A weed growing among 
 the corn with a yellow flower. It is a 
 species of Mithridate mustard. 
 
 CH.4RM, n.s. [charme, Fr. carmen, 
 Latin.] 
 
 1. Words, or philtres, or characters, ima- 
 gined to have some occult or unintelli- 
 gible power. 
 
 C H A 
 
 I never knew a woman so dote upon a man ; 
 surely I think you have charms. Not I, I 
 
 assure thee ; selling the attraction of my good 
 parts aside, I have no other charms. Shakesp. 
 
 There have been used, either barbarous words, 
 of no sense, lest they should disturb the imagina- 
 tion ; or words of similitude, that may second 
 and feed the imagination ; and this was ever as 
 well in heathen charms, as in charms of later times. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Alcyone he natnes amidst his pra3'ers. 
 Names as a charm against the waves and wind. 
 Most in his mouth, and ever in his mind. Dryden. 
 
 Anta?us could, by magick charms. 
 Recover strength whene er he fell. Swift. 
 
 2. Something of power to subdue oppo- 
 sition, and gain the affections ; some- 
 thing that can please irresistibly. 
 
 Well sounding verses are the charm we use, 
 Heroick thoughts and virtue to infuse. fluscommon. 
 
 Nor e>er hope the queen of love 
 Will e'er thy fav'rite's charms improve. Prior. 
 
 To fam'd .\pelles when young Annion brought 
 The darling idol of his captive heart ; 
 And the pieas'd nymph with khnl attention sat. 
 To have her charms recorded by his art. IValler. 
 
 But what avail her unexhausted stores, 
 Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores, 
 VVith all the gifts that heaven and earth impart. 
 The smiles of nature, and the charms of art. 
 While proud oppression in her vallies reigns. 
 And tyranny usurps her happy plahis ? "Addison. 
 
 To Charm, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To fortify with charms against evil. 
 
 TjCt fall thy blade on vulnerable crests ; 
 I bear a.charmed life, which must notyield 
 To one of woman born. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To make powerful by charms. 
 
 3. To summon by incantation. 
 
 t^pon my knees 
 I charm you by my once commended benul3'. 
 By all your vows of love, and that great vow 
 Which did incorporate and make us one. Shakesp. 
 
 4. To subdue by some secret power: to 
 amaze ; to overpower. 
 
 I, ill mine own woe charmW, 
 Could not find death, where I did hear him groan; 
 Nor feel him where he struck. "Shak. 
 
 Blusick the fiercest grief can charm. Fopc. 
 
 5. To subdue the mind by pleasure. 
 
 'Tis your graces 
 That from my mutest conscience to ray tongue 
 Charms this report out. Shakesp. 
 
 Amoret, my lovely foe. 
 Tell me where ttiy strength does lie : 
 Where the power that charms us so. 
 In thy soul, or in thy eye? Waller. 
 
 C/iarm by accepting, by submitting sway. Pope. 
 
 Clilue thus the soul alarm'd, 
 Aw'd witliout sense, and without beauty charm'd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Charmed, adj. Enchanted. 
 
 Arcadia was the charmed circle, where all his 
 spirits for ever should be enchanted. Sidney. 
 
 _ We implore thy powerful hand, 
 To undo the charmed band 
 Of true virgin here distressed. Milton. 
 
 Cha'rmer, n. s. [from charm.] 
 
 1. One that has the power of charms or 
 enchantments. 
 
 That handkerchief 
 Did an Egyptian to my mother give ; 
 She was a charmer, and could almost read 
 The thoughts of jjcople. Shakesp. 
 
 The passion you pretended, 
 
 Was only to obtain ; 
 But when'the charm is ended. 
 
 The charmet you disdain. Dryden. 
 
 2. Word of endearmetit among lovers. 
 Cha'rming, 7)tfj-//ci//. adj. [from c/iar?».] 
 
 Pleasing in the highest degree. 
 
 For ever all goodness will be charming, for ever 
 all wickedness will be most odious. Spratt, 
 
 O ciiarmiug youth ! in the first op'ning Jiage, 
 So many graces in so green an age. " Vrydcn. 
 
 C H A 
 
 Cha'rmingly, adv. [{romcharming.'] In 
 
 such a manner as to please exceedingly. 
 
 She smiled very charmingly, "and discovered as 
 
 fine a set of teeth as ever eye beheld. Addison. 
 
 Cha'rmingness, n. s. [from charming.] 
 
 The power of pleasing. 
 Cha'rnel, adj. [charm I, Fr.] Containing 
 
 flesh or carcasses. 
 Such are those thick and gloomy shadows damp, 
 
 Oft found in c/janref vaults and sepulchres 
 
 Ling'ring, and sitting by a new-made grave.Mi/f. 
 
 Cha'knel-house, n. s. [charnier, Fr. 
 from caro, carnis, Latin.] The place 
 under churches where the bones of the 
 dead are reposited. 
 
 If charnel-houses and our graves must send 
 Those that we bury back ; our monuments 
 Shall be the maws of kites. Shakesp. 
 
 When they were in those charnel-houses, every 
 one was placed in order, and a black pillar or 
 coflTni set by him. Taylor. 
 
 CHART, n. s. [charta, Lat.] A delinea- 
 tion or map of coasts, for the use of 
 sailors. It is distinguished from a map, 
 by rejjresenting only the coasts. 
 
 The Portuguese, when they had doubled the 
 Cajie of Good Hope, found skilful pilots, using 
 astronomical instruments, geographical c/i(ir(s, and 
 compasses. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Cha'rter, n. s. [charta, Latin.] 
 
 1. A charter is a written evidence of things 
 done between man and man. Charters 
 are divided into charters of the king, 
 and (7(a7-/er.f of private persons. Charters 
 of the king are those, whereby the king 
 passeth any grant to any person or more, 
 or to any body politick ; as a charter of 
 exemption, that no man shall be em- 
 panelled on a jury ; charier of pardon, 
 whereby a man is forgiven a felony, or 
 other offence. Coicell. 
 
 2. Any writing bestowing privileges or 
 rights. 
 
 If you deny it, let the danger light 
 
 Upon your charter and your city's freedom. 5/m^. 
 
 It is not to be wondered, that"^the great charter 
 whereby God bestowed the whole earth upon 
 Adam, and confirmed it unto the sons of Noah, 
 being as brief in word as large in eflect, hath 
 bred much quarrel of interpretation. 
 
 Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Here was that charter seal'd, wherein the crown 
 All marks of arbitrary power lays down, Denham. 
 
 Slu^ shakes the rubbish from her mounting brow , 
 And seems to have renew'd her c/mrfer's date. 
 Which heav'n w ill to the death of time allow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 God renewed this charter of man's sovereFgntv 
 over the creatures. Sout^. 
 
 3. Prinlege ; immunity ; e.vemption. 
 
 I must have liberty 
 Withal as large acharter as the*wind, 
 To blow on wdiom I please ; for so fools have ; 
 And they that are most galled with my folly. 
 They most must laugh. Shakesp. 
 
 My mother, 
 Who has acharter to extol her blood, 
 "(Vhen sh.e does praise me, grieves me. Shakesp. 
 
 Cha'rter-party, n. s. [chartre partie, 
 Fr.] A paper relating to a contract, of 
 which each party has a copy. 
 
 Charter-parties, or contracts, made even upon 
 the high sea, touching things that are not in their 
 own nature maritime, belong not to the admiral's 
 jurisdiction. HaU. 
 
 Cha'rtered, adj. [from charter.] In- 
 vested with privileges by charter ; pri- 
 vileged. 
 
 294
 
 C H A 
 
 Wlien he speaks 
 The air, a cftarferVf iibcnine, is still. Shakesp. 
 
 Chary, adj. [from care.] Careful j cau- 
 tious ; wary; frugal. 
 
 Over (lis kindred he held a wary and chary 
 care, which bountifully was expressed, when oc- 
 CBsion so required Carew's burvetf of ComwaU. 
 
 llie chariest maid is prodigal enough, 
 If she unruask, her beauty to the moon. Shakesp. 
 
 To CHASE, t?.ff. [ckasser, Fr.] 
 
 J. To hunt. 
 
 it shall be as tlie chased roe. Isaiah- 
 
 iSIhic enemies chased rae sore, like a bird. 
 
 Lamentations. 
 
 2. To pursue as an enemy. 
 
 And Abiinelech chased liim, and he fled before 
 
 Iiini. Judges. 
 
 One of you shall chase a thousand. Deuteronomy 
 
 3. To drive away. 
 
 He that chasetli away his mother, is a son that 
 causeth shame. * Proverbs. 
 
 4. To follow as a thing desirable. 
 
 5. To drive. 
 
 Thus chased by their brother's endless malice 
 from prince to prince, and from place to [>iace, 
 they, for their safety, fled at last to the city of 
 Bisennis. KnoUes's Hist, i^'tlie Turks. 
 
 When the followins morn had chas'd away 
 Tlie flying stars, audligiit restor'd the d^xy.Dryd. 
 
 To chase Metals. See To Enchase. 
 Chase, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Hunting; as, the pleasiu-es of the c/^ffsf. 
 
 2. Pursuit of any thing as game. 
 
 Whilst he was hastening in the chase, it seems, 
 Of this fair couple, meets be on the way 
 The father of this seeming lady. Shakesp. 
 
 There is no chase more pleasant, methinks, than 
 to drive a tlioudit, by good conduct, from one 
 end of the world to another, and never to lose 
 sight of it till it f;dl into eternity. 
 
 Burnet's Theory of the Eank. 
 
 S. Fitness to be hunted ; appropriation to 
 
 chase or sport. 
 
 Concerning the beasts of chase, whereof the 
 buck is tiie first, he is called the lirstyear a fawn. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 A maid T am, and of thy virgin train ; 
 
 Oh ! let me still that spotless name retain, 
 
 Frequent the forests, thy chaste will obey, 
 
 And only make the beasts oi chase my prey. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 4, Pursuit of an enemy, or of something 
 noxious. 
 
 The admiral, with such ships only as could sud- 
 denly be put in readiness, made forth with them, 
 and such as came daily in, we set upon tliem, and 
 gave them c/iase. " Bacon. 
 
 He sallied out upon them with certain troojis 
 of horsemen, with such violence, that he ovcr- 
 threwthem, and, having them in chase, did speedv 
 execution. KnoUes's Hist, of the Turk}. 
 
 They seek that joy, wliicli us'd to glow 
 Expanded on the hero's face, 
 
 Vv'hen tlic thick sijuadrons prest the foe, 
 And William led the glorious chase. Prior. 
 
 5, Pursuit of something as desirable. 
 
 Yet this mad cha.K of fame, by few pursued, 
 Has drawn destruction on tlie multitude. 
 
 Drydcn's Juvenal. 
 
 6. The game hunted. 
 
 She, seeing the towering of her pursued chase, 
 went circling about, rising so with tlic less sense 
 of rising. Sidney. 
 
 Hold ! Warwick ! seek thee out some other chase, 
 For I myself must put this deer to death. Shak. 
 
 Honour's the noblest chase, pursue that game, 
 And recompense the loss of love with fame. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 7. Open ground stored with such beasts 
 as are hunted. 
 
 C H A 
 
 A receptacle for deer and game, of a middle 
 nature between a forest and a park ; being coiii- 
 monly less than a forest, and not endued with so 
 many liberties ; and jet of a larger compass, and 
 stored with greater diversity of game than a 
 nark. A chase ditlers from a forest in this, because 
 It may be in the bands of a subject, which a fo- 
 rest, in its proper nature, caimot : and from a 
 I)ark, in that it is not inclosed, and hath not only 
 a larger compass, and more store of game, but 
 likewise more keepers and overseers. Coit'f//. 
 
 He and his ladv both are at the lodge. 
 Upon the north side of this pleasant chase. Shak. 
 8. The Chase «f a gun, is the whole bore 
 or length of a piece, taken withinside. 
 
 Chambers. 
 Chase-gun, n. s. [from chase and §■««•] 
 Guns in the forepart of the ship, fired 
 upon tliose that are pursued. 
 
 Meantime the Belgians tack upon our rear. 
 And raking chase-guns through our stern they- send . 
 
 Ijrydeii. 
 
 Cha'ser. n. s. [from chase.] 
 
 1. Hunter; pursuer; driver. 
 
 Then began 
 A stop i' th' chaser, a retire ; anon 
 A rout, confusion thick. Shakesp. 
 
 So fast he flies, that his reviewing eye 
 Has lost the chasers, and his ear tlm cry. Venham. 
 
 Stretch'd on the lawn, his second hope survey, 
 At once the chaser, and at once tlie prey ! 
 Lo, Rufus, tugging at the deadly dart, 
 Bleeds in the forest like a wounded hart. Pcye. 
 
 2. An enchaser. 
 Chasm, n. s. [xaa-/ta.] 
 
 1 . A breach unclosed ; a cleft ; a gap ; an 
 opening. 
 
 In all that visible corporeal world, we see no 
 chasms or gaps. ^ Locke. 
 
 The water of this orb communicates with that 
 of the ocean, by means of certain hiatuses or 
 chasms passing betwi.i;t it and the bottom of the 
 ocean. Woodward. 
 
 The ground adust her riv'n mouth disparts. 
 Horrible c'lusm.' profound. Philips. 
 
 2. A place unfilled; a vacuity. 
 
 Some lazy apes, lost in ease. 
 No action leaveto busy chronicles ; 
 Such, whose supine felicity but makes 
 III story chasms, in epochas mistakes. Dryden. 
 
 CHA'SSELAS, n. s. [French.] A sort of 
 
 grape. 
 CHASTE, adj. [chaste, Fr. castus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Pure from all commerce of sexes ; as, 
 a chaste virgin. 
 
 Diana cliaste, and Hebe fair. Prior. 
 
 2. With respect to language, pure ; imcor- 
 nipt; nut mixed with barbarous plirases. 
 
 3. Free from obscenity. 
 
 Among words which signify the same principal 
 ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean ; 
 some chaste, others obscene. Ilatfi's Logick. 
 
 4. True to tlie marriage bed. 
 
 Love your children ; be discreet ; chaste, keep- 
 ers at home. I'itus. 
 
 Chaste-tree, n. s. [vitejc, Lat.] 
 
 This tree will grow to be eight or ten feet high, 
 and produce spikes of flowers at the extremity of 
 every strong shoot in Autumn. MiUcr. 
 
 To Chasten, v. a. [chastier, Fr. castigo, 
 Lat.] To correct ; to punish ; to mor- 
 tify. 
 
 Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not 
 thy soul spare for his crying. Proverbs. 
 
 1 follow thee, safe guide ! the path 
 Thou lead's! me ! and to the hand of heav'n submit, 
 However chastening. Miltons Paradise Lost. 
 
 Some feel the rod. 
 And own, like us, the father's c?ia5t'nin^ hand. R^a-e 
 
 From our lost pursuit she wills to hide 
 Her close decrees, and chaiten human pride Prior, 
 
 C II A 
 
 To CH.^STISE, r. a. [fos/i^o, Lat. anci- 
 ently accented on tlie first syllable, now 
 on the last.] 
 
 1. To punisli ; to correct by punishment; 
 to afflict for faults. 
 
 My breast I'll burst with stiaiuing of my cou- 
 rage. 
 But I win chaititc this high-minded strumpcL 
 
 lihakerp. 
 1 am glad to sec the vanity or envy of the cant- 
 ing cliymists thus discovered and cfujstivd. Jiryle, 
 Seldom is the world atVrighted or chastised w"iih 
 signs or prodigies, earthouakes or inundation*, 
 famines or plagues. Greic's Cosmologia Sacra 
 
 Like you, commission'd to chastise^na bless, 
 He must avenge the world, and give it peace. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. To reduce to order, or obedience ; to 
 repress ; to restrain ; lo awe. 
 
 Hie lliee liilhir. 
 That I may pour mv s[>irits in thine ear. 
 And chastise, with the valour of my tongue. 
 All that impedes thee. Sliakesp. 
 
 Know, Sir, that 1 
 Will not wait pinion'd at your master's court. 
 Nor once be citastis'd w itii^tlie sober eye 
 Of dull Oclavia. Shakesp. 
 
 The gay social sense 
 By decency chastised.' Thomson. 
 
 Chastisement, n. s. [chastiment,FT.] 
 Correction; punishment: commonly, 
 though not always, used of domestick or 
 parental punishment. 
 
 shall I so nuicii dishonour my fair stars. 
 
 On equal terms to give him chastisement ? Shakc^. 
 
 He held the chastisement of one, which molested 
 the see of Rome, pleasing to God. liatcigh's l^us. 
 
 For seven years what can a child be guilty of, 
 but lying or ifl-natured tricks.' tlie repeated com- 
 mission of which shall bring him to the chasiise- 
 ment of the rod. Locke. 
 
 He receives a fit of sickness as the kind chastise- 
 ment and discipline of his heavenly Father, tu 
 wean his atlections from the world. Benttey. 
 
 Chastiser, 71. s. [from chastise.] The 
 person diat chastises ; a punisher ; a 
 corrector. 
 Cha'stely, adv. [from chaste.] Without 
 incontinence ; purely ; without conta- 
 mination. 
 
 You sliould not pass here ; no, though it were 
 as virtuous to lie as to live chastely. Shakesp. 
 
 ilake iirst a song of joy and love. 
 Which chastely tlame in royal eyes. Wotton. 
 
 Succession of a loii^ descent. 
 Which chastely in the channels ran. 
 And from our demi-gods began. Dryden. 
 
 Cha'stity, U.S. [castitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Purity of the botly. 
 
 Who can be bound by any solemn vow 
 To force a spotless virgin's chastity. Shakesp. 
 
 Chastity is either abstinence or continence : ao- 
 stinence is that of virgins or w idows : continence, 
 of married persons ; chaste marriages are honour- 
 able and pleasing to Uod, Tavlor. 
 
 F.v'n here, wliere frozen chastity retires, 
 I..ove tlnds an altar for forbidden tia-s. Popz. 
 
 2. Freedom from obscenity. 
 
 There is not chastity enough in language. 
 Without ollencc to utter them. Shak. ilnch Ado. 
 
 3. Freedom from bad mixture of any kind ; 
 purity of language, opposed to bar- 
 barisms. 
 
 Cha'steness, n.s. [from chaste.] Chas- 
 tity ; purity. 
 
 To Ch-\t, r.;; [fTomcaquetcr,Tt. Skinner; 
 perhaps from achat, purchase or clieap- 
 ening, on account of the prate naturally 
 produced in a bargain ; or only, as it is 
 most likely, contracted from chatter.] 
 
 ■295
 
 C H A 
 
 To prate; to talk idly; to prattle; to 
 cackle ; to chatter ; to converse at ease, 
 
 Thus chatten the people in their steads, 
 Ylike as a monster of many heads. Spenser 
 
 Because that 1 famiUarly sometimes 
 Do use you for my fool, and chat with you, 
 Your saucuicss will jest upon my love. Shakesp. 
 
 The shepherds on the lawn 
 Sat simply chatting in a rustjck row. Milton. 
 
 With much good-will the motion was embrac'd, 
 To chat awhile Oi\ their adventures pass'd. Dryd. 
 
 To Chat, v. a. To talk of. Not in use ; 
 unless ludicrously. 
 
 AH tongues speak of liini, and the bleared sights 
 Are spectacled to see him. Your prattling nurse 
 Into a rapture lets her baby cry, 
 
 While she chals him. ' Shakesp, 
 
 Chat, 7i. s. [from the verb.] Idle talk; 
 prate ; slight or negligent tattle. 
 
 Lords, thatcan prate 
 As amply and unnecessarily 
 As this Gonzaio, I myself would make 
 A chou^li of as deep chat, Shakesp. 
 
 The time between before the fire they sat, 
 And shorten'dthe delay by pleasing ch'nt. Dri^den. 
 
 The least is good, far greater than the tickling 
 of his palate with a glass of wine, or the idle chat 
 of a soaking club. Locke. 
 
 Snuff, or the fan, supj^lies each pause of chat, 
 With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope. 
 
 Chat, n,s. The keys of trees are called 
 
 chats ; as, ash chats. 
 Cha'tellany, n. s.[chetfclaiie,¥Y.] The 
 
 district under the dominion of a castle. 
 
 Here are about twenty towns and forfs of great 
 importance, with ihcli cliatellanies and de])enden- 
 cies. Driiden. 
 
 Chattel, ?(. 5. [See Cattle.] Any move- 
 able possession ; a term scarce used but 
 in forms of law. 
 
 Nay, look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor 
 fret ; 
 I will be master of what is mine own ; 
 Slie is my goods, my chattels. Shakesp. 
 
 Honour's a lease for lives to come, 
 And cannot be extended from 
 The legal tenant ; 'tis a chattle 
 Not to be forfeited in battle. Hudibras. 
 
 To CHA'TTER, v. n. [caqueier, Fr.] 
 
 1. To make a noise as a pie, or other un- 
 harmonious bird. 
 
 Nightingales seldom sing, tlie pie still chattcreth. 
 
 oianey. 
 
 So doth the cuckow, when the mavis sings. 
 Begin his witless note apace to chatter. Spenser. 
 
 There was a crow sat chattering upon the back 
 of a sheep: Well, sirrah, says the sheep, you 
 durst not have done this to a dog. L' Kstrajige. 
 
 Your birds of knowledge, that in dusky air 
 Chatter futurity. ^Dryden. 
 
 2. To make a noise by collision of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Stood Tlicodore surpris'd in deadly friglit, 
 With chatt'ring teeth, and brisUing liair upright. 
 
 Vryden. 
 Dip but your toes into cold water. 
 Their correspondent teeth will chatter. Prior. 
 
 3. To talk idly or carelessly. 
 
 Sutler no hour to pass away in a lazy idleness, 
 an impertinent chattering, or useless trifles. 
 
 JVatts's Logick. 
 
 Cha'tter, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Noise like that of a pie or monkey. 
 
 The mimick ape be^an his chatter ^ 
 How evil tongues his life bespatter. Swift. 
 
 5. Idle prate. 
 
 Cha'tterer, n. s. [fromc/'/fl^^r.] An idle 
 
 talker ; a prattler. 
 Cha'twood, n. s. Little sticks; fuel. 
 
 CHE 
 
 Cha'vender, n.s. [chevesne, Fr.] The 
 cliub : a fisli. 
 
 These arc a choice bait for the chub, or chaven- 
 tler, or indeed any great fish, Waltons Angler. 
 
 CHAU MONTE LLEy n.s. [French.] A 
 
 sort of pear. 
 To CHAW, v.a. \kawen. Germ.] To 
 champ between the teeth ; to masticate; 
 to chew. 
 
 I home returning, fraught with foul despiglit. 
 And chawing vengeance all the way 1 went. 
 
 Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 They come to us, but us love draws , 
 He swallows us, and never chaws ; 
 He is the tyrant pike, and we the fry. Donne. 
 
 Whether he found any use of chawing little 
 sponges, dipt in oil, in his mouth, when ne was 
 perfectly under water, and at a distance from liis 
 engine. Boyle. 
 
 The man who laught but once to see an ass 
 ]\Iumb!ing to make the cross-grain'd thistles pass. 
 Might laugh again, to see a jury chaw 
 The prickles of unpalatable law. Dryden. 
 
 Chaw, 7i. s. [from the verb.] The chap ; 
 the upper or under part of a beast's 
 mouth. 
 
 I will turn thee back, and put hooks into thy 
 chaws, and will bring thee forth, and all tliine 
 arm^'. Ezekiel. 
 
 Cha'wdron, 71. s. Entrails. 
 
 Add thereto a tyger's chawdron, 
 For the ingredients of uur cauldron. Shakes]). 
 
 CHEAP, adj. [ceapan, Sax. koopen, Dutch, 
 to buy.] 
 
 1 . To be had at a low rate ; purchased for 
 a small price, 
 
 W^herc there are a great many sellers to a few 
 buyers, there the thing to be sold will be cheap. 
 On the other side, raise up a great many buyers 
 for a few sellers, and the same thing will imme- 
 diately turn dear. Locke. 
 
 2. Of small value ; easy to be had; not 
 respected. 
 
 The goodness, th.tt is che.ip in beaut}', makes 
 beauty brief in goodness. Shakesp. 
 
 Had I so lavish of my presence been 
 So connnon hackney'd in the eyes of men. 
 So stale and cheap to vulgar company. Shakesp. 
 
 He that is too much in any thing, so that he 
 giveth anotlier occasion of society, maketh him- 
 self cheap. " Bacon. 
 
 May your sick fame still languish till it die. 
 And you grow cheap in every subject's eye. Dryd. 
 
 The titles of distinction, which belong to us, 
 are turned into terms of derision, and every way 
 is taken, by profane men, towards rendermg us 
 cheap and contemptible. Attcrbury. 
 
 Cheap, 7i.s. [chephig is an old word for 
 market ; whence Eastcheap, Cheapside.] 
 Market ; purchase ; bargain : as good 
 cheap ; a bo7i ma7-che, Fr. 
 
 The same wine which we pay so dear fur now- 
 a-days, in that good world, was very good cheap. 
 
 Si(htei^. 
 
 It is many a wise man's case to tire himself out 
 with hunting after that abroad, ^\hich he carries 
 about him all the "hiic, and may have it better 
 cheap at home. UEstrange. 
 
 Some few insulting cowards, who love to va- 
 pour good cheap, may trample on those' who give 
 least resistance. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Cheapen, v.a. [ceapan. Sax. to buy.] 
 1. To attempt to ])urchase ; to bid for any 
 thing ; to ask the price of any commo- 
 dity. 
 
 Rich she shall be, that's certain ; wise, or I'll 
 none ; virtuous, or I'll never cheapen her. Shak. 
 
 The first he cheapened was a Jupiter, which 
 would have come at a very easy rate. L'Kstrange. 
 
 CHE 
 
 She slipt sometimes to Mrs. Thody's, 
 To cheapen tea. Prior. 
 
 To shops in crowds the daggled females fly, 
 Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing huy.SidJi. 
 
 2. To lessen value. 
 
 My hones pursue a brighter diadem. 
 Can any brighter llian the Roman be ? 
 I find my protfer'd love has cheapen d me. Dryd^ 
 
 Che'aply, adv. [from cheap.] At a small 
 price ; at a low rate. 
 
 By these I sec 
 So great a day as this is cheaply bought. Shakesp. 
 Hlood, rapuiea, massacres, were cnea;j/j/ bought, 
 So mighty rccorapencc your beauty brought. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Che'apness, w. s. [from cheap.] Lowness 
 of price. 
 
 Ancient statues incite merchant-strangers to 
 bring in commodities ; having for end cheapness. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The discredit which is grown upon Ireland, has 
 been the great discouragement to otlicr nations to 
 trans])lant themselves hither, and prcviiiicd far- 
 ther than all the invitations which the cheapness 
 and plenty of the country has made them. Temple. 
 
 Chear. See Cheer. 
 
 To CHEAT, V. a. [of uncertain derivation; 
 probably from achelei% Fr, to purchase, 
 alluding to the tricks used in making 
 bargains. See the noun.] 
 
 1. To defraud; to impose upon; to trick. 
 It is used commonly of Ioav cunning. 
 
 It is a dangerous commerce, where an honest 
 man is sure at hrst of being cheated ; and lie reco- 
 vers not his losses, but bylearning to c/iea( others. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 There are people who find that the most etVectual 
 way to cheat the people, is always to pretend to 
 infallible cures. Tillotson, 
 
 2. It has of before the thing taken away 
 
 by fraud. 
 
 I that am curtail'd of man's fair proportion ; 
 Cheated of feature by dissembling nature, 
 Deforra'd, untlnish'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Cheat, w. s. [from the verb. Some think 
 abbreviated from escheat^ because many 
 fraudulent measures being taken by the 
 lords of manours in procuring escheats, 
 cheats the abridgment, was brought to 
 convey a bad meaning.] 
 
 1. A fraud; a trick; an imposture. 
 
 Tlie pretence of publick good is a cheat that 
 will ever pass, though so abused by ill men, that 
 I wonder the good do not grow ashamed to use it. 
 
 Temple. 
 Empirick politicians use deceit. 
 Hide " hat tliey give, and cure but by a cheat. 
 
 Dryden. 
 When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat ; 
 Yet, fool'd with hope, men favour the deceit : 
 Trust on, and tliink to-morrow will repay ; 
 To-morrow's falser than the former dav ; 
 Lyes worse ; and while it says we shall be blest 
 \Vith some new joy, cuts olV wliat we possest. 
 
 Drudcn. 
 
 2. A person guilty of fraud, 
 
 Dissimulatiou can be no farther useful than it is 
 concealed ; for as much as no man will trust a 
 known cheat. South. 
 
 Like that notorious cheat, vast sums I give. 
 Only that you may keep rae while I live. X)j-i/f/c». 
 
 Che'ater, 71. s. [from cheat.] One that 
 practises fraud. 
 
 I will be cheater to them both, and they shall le 
 exchequers to me. [It is here for escheater.'\ 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They say this town is full of couzenage, 
 As ninible*jugt;!ers that deceive the eye ; 
 
 Disguised c/'e(i(trs, prating mounte*banks. 
 And rnany such like libertines of sin. Shakesp.
 
 CHE 
 
 hostess ; a tame cheater i 
 jou him? I will bar no 
 
 He is no swaggerer; 
 faith,— CViealer, c.i _ 
 honest man raj house, nor no cheater. Ahaktsp. 
 
 Ail sorts of iinurious persons, the sacrilej;ious, 
 the detainers of lillies, cheaters of men's inheri- 
 tances, false witnesses and accusers. 
 
 Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 To CHECK, v.a. [from the French ec/ucs 
 chess ; from -whence we use, at tliat 
 game, tlie term checkmate, when we 
 stop our adversary from carrying on his 
 play any farther.] 
 
 1. To repress; to curb 
 Reserve thy state ; with better judgment check 
 
 This hideous rashness. Sliakesp. 
 
 Fames may be sown and raised, they may be 
 spread and limltiplied, tJiey may be checked and 
 laid dead. Bacon. 
 
 t hate when vice can bolt her arguments, 
 And virtue has no tongue to check her pride. Milt. 
 
 He who sat at a table, richly and dcliciou^ly 
 furnished, hut with a sword hanging over his head 
 bv one single thread or hair, surely liad enough to 
 check his appetite. South. 
 
 2. To reprove ; to chicle. 
 Richard, with his eye brimful of tears. 
 
 Then c/icc/c'rf and ratc'd by Northumberland, 
 Did speak these words, now prov'd a prophecy. 
 
 Shake.ip 
 
 His fault is much, and the good king his master 
 
 Will check him for't. Shake>'p. 
 
 3. To compare a bank note, or other bill, 
 with the correspondent paper. 
 
 4. To controul by a counter-reckoning. 
 To Check, t'. n. 
 
 1. To stop ; to make a stop: with at. 
 
 With what wing the stanyel checks at it. Shakesp. 
 
 He must observe their mood on whom he jests. 
 The quality of the persons, and the time ; 
 And, like the haggard, check at every feather 
 That comes before his eye. Shakesp. 
 
 The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its 
 pow-er, either is disabled lor the future, or else 
 checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To class ; to interfere. 
 
 If love check with business, it troubleth men's 
 fortunes. Bacon. 
 
 3. To strike with repression. 
 
 I'll avoid his presence ; 
 It cftec/a too strong upon me. Dryden. 
 
 Check. ?i. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Repressure ; stop ; rebuff; sudden re- 
 straint. 
 
 Rebellion in this land shall lose his sway, 
 Meeting the check of such another day. Shakesp. 
 
 We see also, that kings that have been fortunate 
 conmierors in their first years, must have some 
 check or arrest in their fortunes. Bacon's Eaays. 
 
 God liath of late years manifested himself in 
 a very dreadful manner, as if it were on purpose 
 to give a check to this insolent impiety. Tillotsoit. 
 
 It was this viceroy's zeal, which save a remark- 
 able check to the first progress of Christianity. 
 
 Addison's Freelwlder. 
 
 God put it into the heart of one of our princes, 
 ^o give a check to that sacrilege which had been 
 but too much winked at. Atterburu- 
 
 Tlie great struggle with passions is in the first 
 check. Rogers. 
 
 2. Restraint ; curb ; government ; conti- 
 nued restraint. 
 
 They who come to maintain their ov.n breach 
 - of fiiith, the check of their consciences nmch 
 . breakcth their spirit, Uayuard. 
 
 1 lie impetuosity of the new ofiiccr's natnre 
 • needed some restraint and cheeky for some time, 
 to his immoderate pretences and appetite of 
 " pow^r. Clarendon. 
 
 Some free from rhyme or reason, rul^ or check, 
 Break Pritcian's head, and Pegasus's n^ck. Pope. 
 While such men are in trust, who have no check 
 from within, nor any views but towards their in- 
 terest. Swift. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CHE 
 
 3. A reproof; a slight. 
 
 Oh ! this life 
 Is nobler than attending for a check. Shakesp. 
 
 I do know, the state. 
 However this may gall hiin with some check, 
 CaniiQt with safely cast liiiu. Shakesp. 
 
 4. A dislike; a sudden disgust; some- 
 tliing that stops the progress. 
 
 Say I should w ed her, w ould not my wisesubjects 
 Take check, and th'mk it strange ? perhaps revolt ? 
 
 Vrydeu. 
 
 5. In falconry, when a hawk forsakes her 
 proper game to follow rooks, pies, or 
 other birds that cross her flight. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 A young woman is a hawk upon her wings ; 
 
 and if she be handsome, she is the more subject 
 
 to go out on check. Suckling. 
 
 When whistled from the fist 
 Some falcon stoops at what her eye design'd, 
 And with her eagerness, the quarry miss'd, 
 Straieht flies at check, and clips it clown the wind. 
 ^^ ^ Drfjdcn. 
 
 G. The person checking ; the cause o( re- 
 straint ; a &top. 
 
 He was unhappily too much used as a check 
 
 upon the lord Coventry. Clarendon. 
 
 A satirical poet is the check of the laymen on 
 
 bad priests. Driidens Fables, Preface. 
 
 7. Any stop or interruption. 
 
 The letters have the natural production by seve- 
 ral checks or stops, or, as they are usually called, 
 articuiatiuiis of the breath or voice. 
 
 Holder's Elements of Speech. 
 S. The correspondent cipher of a bank- 
 bill. 
 
 9. A term used in tlie game of chess, when 
 one party obliges the other either to 
 move or guard his king. 
 
 10. Clej'k of the Check, in the king's 
 household, has the check and controul- 
 ment of the yeouien of the guard, and all 
 the ushers belonging to the royal family. 
 
 1 1. Clerk of the Cheeky in the king's navy 
 at Plymouth, is also the name of an offi- 
 cer invested with like powers. Chambers. 
 
 To Che'cker.) r. a. [from echecs chess, 
 ToChe'quer./ Fr.] To variegate or 
 diversify, in the manner of a chess- 
 board, with alternate colours, or with 
 darker and brighter parts. 
 
 Tliegrcy-ey'd morn sniiltson the frowning night, 
 Check ring tlie eastern clouds witli streaks of lif:ht. 
 
 Hhakesp. 
 The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind, 
 And make a checkered shadow on the ground. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 As the snake, rolled in the flow'ry bank, 
 With sliiniii2c/iec/cer'W slough, doth sting a child. 
 Tliat for thel)eauty thinks if excellent. Shakesp. 
 The wealthy spring yet never bore 
 
 That sweet nor auinty flower, 
 Tliat damask'd not the checker d floor 
 
 Of Cynthia's summer bower. Draytcni. 
 
 Many a youth and many a maid 
 
 Dancing in the checkej-^d stiade. Milton. 
 
 Ill the chess-board, the use of each chess-man 
 
 is determined only witliia tliat checqucrcd piece of 
 
 wood. Locke. 
 
 hi our present couditiun, which is a middle 
 
 state, our minds are, as it were, chequered with 
 
 truth and falseliood. Addison. 
 
 The ocean intermixing with the land, so as to 
 
 checker it into earth and water. 
 
 M'iTodwurd's Natural History. 
 Here waving proves a checker d scene displaV. 
 And part admit, and part exclude the day. Pope. 
 
 Che'cker. 7 w. s. Work varied 
 
 Che'cker-vvork. J alternately as to its 
 colours or materials. 
 
 CHE 
 
 Nets of checker-uork and wreaths of chain-work 
 for the cha])iters which were upon the top of (he 
 pillars. 1 Kings. 
 
 Che'ckmate. n. s. [echec tt mat, Fr.] 
 The movement on the chess-board that 
 kills the opposite men, or hinders them 
 from moving. 
 
 Love they him call'd, that gave me the c'leckmate. 
 But better might they have behotc him hate. Spens. 
 
 Che'ckroll. n. s. [from check and rod.] 
 A roll or Itook, containing the names of 
 such as are attendants on, and in pay 
 to, great personages, as their household 
 servants. It is otherwise called the 
 chequer-roll. Coicell. 
 
 Not daring to extend this law further than to 
 the king's servants in checkroU, lest it should have 
 been too harsh to the gentlemen of the kingdom. 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 CHEEK, n. s. [ceac, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The side of the face below the eye. 
 And now and then an ample tear triir<l down 
 
 Her delicate cheek. Shakesp. 
 
 Her beautv hangs upon the cheek of night. 
 Like a rich jewel in an .5^thiop's ear. Skahesp. 
 
 I shall survey, and spy 
 Death in thy cheeks, and darkness in thy eye. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Daughter of the rose, whose cheeks unite 
 The dirt"ring titles of the red and white ; 
 Who hcav'n's alternate beauty well display. 
 The blush of morning and the milky way. 
 
 2. A general name among mechanicks for 
 almost all those pieces of their macliines 
 and instruments that are double, and 
 perfectly alike. Chambers. 
 
 Che'ekbone. 71. s. [from cheek and bone.} 
 I cut the tumour, and felt the slug : it lay 
 
 partly under the OS jugale, vt cheekbone. Wisenwn. 
 Che'ektooth. n. s. [from cheek and 
 
 tooth.] The hinder-tooth or tusk. 
 He hath the cheekteeth of a great lion. Joel. 
 
 Cheer, n.s. [chere, Fr. entertainment ; 
 
 cara, Sp. the countenance. It seems to 
 
 ha^ o, in English, some relation to both 
 
 these senses.] 
 
 1. Entertainment; provisions served at a 
 feast. 
 
 But though my cates be mean, take them in 
 
 good part ; 
 
 Better cheer you may have, but not with better 
 
 heart. Sliakesp. 
 
 His will was never determined to any pursuit of 
 
 good cheer, poignant sauces, and delicious wines. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. Invitation to gaiety. 
 
 You do not give the cheer ; the feast is sold 
 That is not often vouched, wliile 'tis making, 
 'Tis given wiih welcome. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Gaiety; jollity. 
 
 I have not that alacrity of spirit. 
 Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have. ^ak. 
 
 4. Air of the countenance. 
 
 Right faithful true he was in deed and word. 
 But of his cheer did seem too solemn sad : 
 Nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser. 
 M'hich ]jublick death, receiv'd withsuchao/it'CT-, 
 As not a sigh, a look, a shrink bewrays 
 
 The least tclt touch of a degen'rous fear. 
 Gave life to cnvv, to his courage praise. Daniel. 
 He ended ; aiid his words their drooping cheer 
 Enlighten'd, and their languish'd hope reviv'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 At length appear 
 Her grisly brethren stretcli'd upon the bier 
 Pale at the sudden sight, she chang'd her cheer. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 5. Perhaps temper of mind in general ; 
 
 for we read of heavy cheer. 
 
 Tlien were they all of good cheer, and they also 
 took some meat. -icu. 
 
 Qq ^97
 
 CHE 
 
 To Cheer, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To incite ; to encourage ; to inspirit. 
 
 He complained that he was betrayed ; >et, fur 
 all tliat, was nothing discouraged, Ijut clucred up 
 the footmen. Knotles. 
 
 He chier (i tlie dogs to follow her who fled. 
 And vow'd revenge on her devoted head. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 
 2. To comfort; to console. 
 
 I died, ere I could lend thee aid ; 
 But cheer thy heart, and be thou not disraayM. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Displeas'd at what, not sufTering, they had seen, 
 
 They went to cheer the faction of tlie green. Dryd. 
 
 3. To gladden. 
 
 Hark ! a glad voice the lonely desert cheers : 
 Preparethe way ;agod,agodappcars! Pope'sMess. 
 
 The sacred sun, above the waters rais d, 
 Thro' heaven's eternal brazen portals blaz'd. 
 And wide o'er eartli ditfus'd his cheering ray. Pope. 
 
 To Cheer, v. n. To grow gay or glad- 
 some. 
 
 At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up ; 
 My hopes revive, and gladness dawns within rae. 
 
 A. Philips. 
 Che'erer. M.S. [from To cAeer.] Glad- 
 ner ; giver of gaiety. 
 
 'fo thee alone be praise, 
 
 From whom our joy descends. 
 
 Thou cheerer of our days. WotUvi. 
 
 Analini; was, after tedious study, a rest to his 
 
 mind," a c'leercr of his spirits, a diverter of sadness, 
 
 a calmer of unquiet thoughts. Wullons .-hitler. 
 
 Saffron is the safest and most simple cordial, the 
 
 greatest reviver of the heart, and cheerer of the 
 
 spirits. Temple. 
 
 Prime cheerer, light. 
 Of all material beings first and best. Tlioms. Sum. 
 Che'erful. adj. [from cheer undfttll.] 
 
 1 . Gay ; full of life ; full of mirth. 
 
 'The cheeiful birds of sundry kind 
 Do cliaunt sweet musick to delight his mind. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. Having an appearance of gaiety. 
 
 A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance ; 
 but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken. 
 
 Proverbs. 
 Che'erfully. adv. [from cheerful.] 
 Without dejection ; with mllingness ; 
 with gaiety. 
 Pluck up thy spirits, look cheerfully upon me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To their known stations cheerfully they go. Dryd. 
 
 Doctrine is that which must prepare men for 
 
 discipline ; and men never go on so cheofullji, as 
 
 when they see where they go. South. 
 
 May the man. 
 That cheerfuUv recounts the female's praise. 
 Find equal love, and love's untainted sweets 
 Enjoy with honour. Philips. 
 
 Che'erfulness. n. s. [from cheerful.] 
 
 1. Freedom from dejection ; alacrity. 
 
 Barbarossa, using this exceeding r'iffr/ii/ness and 
 forwardness of his soldiers, weighed up tlie fourteen 
 gallies he had sunk. Knolles's History of the Turks. 
 
 With what resolution and cheafulness, with 
 what courage and patience, did vast numbers of all 
 sorts of people, in the first ages of Christianity, en- 
 counter all the rage and mance of the world, and 
 embrace torments and death ! Tillotson. 
 
 2. Freedom from gloominess. 
 
 I marvelled to see her receive ray commandments 
 with sighs, and yet do them with chceifulness. Sidn. 
 Che'erless. adj. [from cheer.] Without 
 gaiety, comfort, or gladness. 
 
 For since mine eye your joyous sight did miss. 
 My cheerful day is tum'd to cheerless night. FairyQ. 
 On a bank, beside a willow, 
 Heav'n her cuv'ring, earth her pillow, 
 Sad Amynta sigh'd alone. 
 From the cheerless dawn of morning 
 Till the dews of night returning. Dryden. 
 
 Che'erly. adj. [from cheer.] 
 1. Gay; cheerftd. 
 
 CHE 
 
 They are useful to mankind, in affording them 
 convenient situations of houses and villages, re- 
 flecting the benign and cherishing sun-beams, and 
 so rendering their habitations both more comfort- 
 able and more cheerlyin winter. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 2. Not gloomy ; not dejected. 
 
 Che'erly. adv. [from cheer.] Cheerfully. 
 
 Under heavy arms the youth of Rome 
 Their long laborious inarches overcome ; 
 Cheerlii their tedious travels undergo. Dryd. _ 
 
 In God's name, cheerly on, courageous friends, 
 To reap the harvest of perpetual peace. 
 By this one bloody trial of sharp war. Shakesp. 
 
 Oft listening how the hounds and horn 
 Cheerlii rouse the slumb'ring morn. 3Utlon. 
 
 Che'eRY. adj. [from cheer.] Gay ; 
 sprightly ; having the power to make 
 gay : a ludicrous word. 
 
 Come, let us hie, and quaff a c/ieeri; bowl ; 
 Let cyder new wash sorrow from thy soul. 
 
 Oay's Pastorals. 
 
 CHEESE. U.S. [caseus, Lat. cyj-e, Saxon.] 
 A kind of food made by pressing the 
 curd of coagulated milk, and suffering 
 the mass to dry. 
 
 I will rather trust a Fleming with my butter, 
 the Welshman with mj cheese, than ray wife with 
 herself. Shakesp. 
 
 Che'esecake. 71. s. [from cheese and 
 cake ] A cake made of soft curds, sugar 
 and butter. 
 
 Etfemiuate he sat, and quiet ; 
 Strange product of a cfcf«cca/ie diet. Prior. 
 
 Where many a man, at variance with his wife. 
 With soft'ning mead and cheesecake ends the strife. 
 
 King. 
 
 Che'esemonger. n. s. [from cheese and 
 monger.] One who deals in cheese. 
 
 A true owl of London, 
 That gives out he 's undone. 
 Being a cheesemonger. 
 By trusting. Ben Jorison. 
 
 Che'esepress. n. s. [from cheese and 
 press.] Tiie press in which the curds 
 are pressed. 
 
 The cleanly cheeseprcss she could never turn. 
 Her aukward fist did ne'er employ the churn. 
 
 Gay's Pastorals. 
 
 Che'esevat. n. s. [from cheese and vat.] 
 The wooden case in which the curds 
 are confined when they are pressed into 
 
 cheese. 
 
 His sense occasions the careless rustic to judge 
 the sun no bigger than a cheesevat. Olaiiville. 
 
 Che'esy. adj. [from cheese.] Having the 
 nature or form of cheese. 
 
 Acids mixed w ith them precipitate a tophaceous 
 chalky matter, but not a cheesy substance. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Che'ly. n. s. [chela, Lat.] The claw of a 
 
 shell fish. 
 
 It happeneth often, I confess, that a lobster hath 
 the cheiy, or great claw, of one side longer than 
 the other. Broun. 
 
 Che'.mistry. See Chymistry. 
 
 Che'quer. See Checker. 
 
 To CHERISH, v.a. [cherir, Fr.] To sup- 
 port and forward with encouragement, 
 help, and protection; to shelter; to 
 
 nurse up. 
 
 Whenever Buckingham doth turn his hate 
 Upon your grace, and not with duteous love 
 Doth cherish you and yours, God punish me 
 With hate in those where I expect most love. 
 
 Shikesp. 
 I would I were thy bird. 
 
 -Sweet, so would 
 
 r 
 
 But I »hould kill thee with too much cherishing. 
 
 Shak. 
 
 CHE 
 
 What doth cfterwft weeds but gentle air? Snak. 
 
 Magistrates have always thought ihemselve* 
 concerned to cherish religion, ana to maintain in 
 the minds of men the befief of a God and another 
 life. Tillotson. 
 
 But old god Saturn, which doth all devour, 
 Duthc/icrifii^her, and still augments her raight. 
 
 Danes. 
 
 He that knowingly commits an ill, has the up- 
 braidings of his own conscience ; those who act by 
 errour, nave its chenshtngs and encouragements to 
 animate them. Decay nf Piety. 
 
 Che'risher. n.s. [from cherish,] An 
 encourager ; a supporter. 
 
 One of their greatest praises it is to be the 
 maintaiuers and chcrishcrs of a regular devotion, 
 a reverend worship, a true and decent piety. 
 
 ^ratt, 
 
 Che'rishment. w. s. [from cherish.] 
 Encouragement ; support ; comfort. It 
 is now obsolete. 
 
 The one lives her age's ornament. 
 That with rich bounty, and dear ckerishment. 
 Supports the praise oi noble poesie. 
 
 S})enscrs Tears of Muscit 
 CHERRY. \ n. s. [cerise, Fr. Ci:ra* 
 
 Che'rry-tree. j sus, Lat.] 
 
 The species are, 1. The comuion red or garden 
 cherry. 2. Large Spanish cherry. 3. The red heart 
 cherry. 4. The white heart cherry. 5. The bleed- 
 ing heart clierry. 6. The black heart cherry. 
 7. The May cherry. 8. The black cherry, or 
 mazard. 9. The archduke cherry. 10. The yel- 
 low Spanish cherry. 11. The Flanders cluster 
 cherry. 12. The'carnation clierry. 13. The 
 large black cherry. 14 The bird'cherry. 15. 
 The red bird or Cornish cherry. 16. The largest 
 double flowered cherry. l7. The double flower- 
 ed cherry. 18. The common wild cherry. 19. 
 The wild northern English cherry, with late ripe 
 fruit. 20. The shock or perfumed cherry. 21. 
 The cherrytree w-ith striped leaves. And many 
 other sorts of cherries ; as the amber cherry, luke- 
 ward, corune, Gascoigne, and the morello, which 
 is chiefly planted for jireserving. 
 
 This "fruit was brought out of Pontus at the 
 time of the Mtthridatic victory by Lucullus, in 
 the 3'ear of Rome 680 ; and was brought into Bri- 
 tain about 120 years afterwards, which was Ann. 
 Dom. 55 ; and was soon after spread through most 
 parts of Europe. Miller. 
 
 Some ask but a pin, a nut, a cherrit stone ; but 
 she, more covetous, would have a chain. Shakesp. 
 
 July I would have drawn in a jacket of light- 
 yellow, eating cherries^ with his face and bosom 
 sun-burnt. Peacham. 
 
 A little spark of life, which, in its first appear- 
 ance, might be inclosed in the hollow of a cnerry 
 stone. Hale. 
 
 Che'rry. adj. [from the substantive.] 
 Resembling a cheriy in colour. 
 
 Shore's wife hath a pretty foot, 
 A chen'ii lip, a passing pleasing tongue. Shakesp. 
 
 Che'rry-bay. See Laurel. 
 Che'rrycheeked. adj. [from cherry 
 and cheek.] Having ruddy cheeks. 
 
 1 w arrant them cha-rycheeh'd country girls. 
 
 Congreve. 
 
 Che'rrypit. n. s. [from cherry onApit.] 
 
 A child's play, in which they throw 
 
 cherry stones into a small hole. 
 
 What, man I 'tis not for gravity to play at 
 cherrypit. Sh^HCsp. 
 
 Chersone'se. n. *. [xe^^^jxto?,] A pe- 
 ninsula ; a tract of land almost sur- 
 rounded by the sea, but joined to the 
 continent by a narrow neck or isthmus. 
 
 Chert, n.s. [from, quai-tzy Germ.] A 
 kind of fliut. 
 
 Flint is most commonly found in form of no- 
 dules ; but 'tis sometimes found in thin stratie, 
 when 'tis called chert. Woodward. 
 
 298
 
 CHE 
 
 CHETIUB. n. s. [TtDpJur. DO")3. It is 
 sometimes written in the plural, im- 
 properly, cherubims.] A celestial spirit, 
 which, in the hierarchy, is placed next in 
 order to the seraphim. All the several 
 descriptions which the Scripture gives 
 us of cherubim, differ from one another; 
 as they are described in the shapes of 
 men, eagles, oxen, lions, and in a com- 
 position of all these figures put together. 
 The hieroglyphical representations in 
 the embroidery upon the curtains of the 
 Tabernacle, were called by Moses, 
 Exod. xxvi. 1. cherubim of cunning 
 work. Calmet. 
 
 The roof o' th' cliamber 
 With gold cherubims is fretted. Shakesp. 
 
 Heav'n's cherubimt hors'd 
 Upon tlie sightless coursers of the air. 
 Shall blow the horrid deed in cv'ry e3'e, 
 That tears shall drown the wind. Shakesp. 
 
 Some cherub finishes what you begun, 
 And to a miracle improves a tune. Prior. 
 
 Cheru'bick. adj. [from cherub.] Ange- 
 lick ; relating to the cherubim. 
 
 Thy words 
 Attentive, and with more delighted ear, 
 Divine instructor! I have heard, than when 
 Cherubick songs by night from neighh'ring hills 
 Aerial rausick send. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 And on the east side of tlie garden place 
 Cherubick watch. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Che'rubin. adj. [from cherub.] Ange- 
 lical. 
 
 This fell whore of thine 
 Hath in her more destruction than thy sword. 
 For all her cherubin look. Shakesp. 
 
 Che'rvil. n. s. [chmrophyllum, Lat.] 
 
 An umbelliferous plant. Miller. 
 
 To Che'rup. v. n. [from cheer; perhaps 
 
 from cheer up, corrupted to chei'up] To 
 
 chirp ; to use a cheerfid voice. 
 
 The birds 
 Frame to thy song their cheerful cheruping ; 
 Or hold their peace for shame of thy sweet lays. 
 
 Spen.'^er. 
 
 Che'slip. n. s. A small vermin, that lies 
 under stones or tiles. Skinner. 
 
 CHESS. 71. s. [echecs, Fr.] A nice and ab- 
 struse game, in which two sets of men 
 are moved in opposition to each other. 
 
 This game the Persian magi did invent. 
 The torce of Eastern wisdom to express ; 
 
 From thence to busy Europeans sent. 
 And styl'd by modem Lombards pensive ches^. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 So have 1 seen a king on chess 
 (His rooks and knights withdrawu. 
 His queen and bisliops in distress) 
 Shifting about, grow less and less, 
 With here and there a pawn. Dryden. 
 
 Chess-apple, n.s. A species of Wild 
 
 Service. 
 Che'ss-board. n. s. [from chess and 
 
 board.] The board or table on which 
 
 the game of chess is played. 
 
 _ And cards are dealt, and chess-boards brousht. 
 
 To ease the pain of coward thought. Prior. 
 
 Che'ss-man. n. s. [from chess and ina7i.] 
 
 A puppet for chess. 
 A company of chess-men standing on the same 
 
 squares of the chess-board where we left tlicm, we 
 
 say they are all in the same place, or unmoved. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Chess-player, n. s. [from chess and 
 player.] A gamester at chess. 
 
 Tlius, like a skilful chess-player, he draws out 
 his men, and makes bis pawns of use to his greater 
 pecsoas. Uryden. 
 
 CUE 
 
 Che'ssom. «. s. Mellow earth. 
 
 The tender chessam And mellow eartli is the best 
 being mere mould, between the two extremes of 
 clay and sand; especially if it be not iooray and 
 binding. Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 CHEST, n. s. [cyft, Sax. cista, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A box of wood, or other materials in 
 which things are laid up. 
 
 He will seek there, on my word : neither press, 
 c/icsf, trunk, well, vault, but he hatli an abstract 
 for the remembrance of such places. Shakesp. 
 
 But more have been by avarice oppresl. 
 And heaps of money crowded in the chest. Vryden. 
 
 2. A Chest of Draivers. A case with 
 moveable boxes or drawers. 
 
 3. Tiie trunk of the body, oi cavity from 
 the shoulders to the belly. 
 
 Such as have round faces, or broad chests, or 
 shoulders, have seldom or never long necks. 
 
 Broun. 
 He describes atiother by the largeness of his 
 chest, and breadth of his shoulders. 
 
 Pope's Notes on the Iliad. 
 
 To Chest, v. a. [from the noun ] To re- 
 posite in a chest ; to hoard. 
 
 Chest-foundering, n.s. A disease in 
 horses. It comes near to a pleurisy, or 
 peripneumony, in a human body. 
 
 Farrier's Dictionary. 
 
 Che'sted. adj. \iratachest.] Having a 
 a chest ; as, broad-chested, narrow- 
 chested. 
 
 Chester. See Castor. 
 
 Che'stnut. ^ n. *. chastaigne, Fr. 
 
 Che'stnut-tree. j castanea, \jA.] 
 
 1. The tree hath katkins, which are placed 
 at remote distances from the fruit, on 
 the same tree. The outer coat of the 
 fruit is very rough, and has two or 
 three nuts included in each husk or 
 covering. Tliis tree was formerly in 
 greater plenty, as may be proved by the 
 old buildings in London, which were, 
 for the most part, of this timber; which 
 is equal in value to the best oak, and, for 
 many purposes, fai" exceeds it, particu- 
 larly for making vessels for liquors ; it 
 having a property, when once tho- 
 roughly seasoned, to maintain its bulk 
 constantly, and is not subject to shrink 
 or swell, like other timber. Miller. 
 
 2. The fruit of the chestnut tree. 
 
 A woman's tongue. 
 That Elves not half so great ablow toth' ear. 
 As will a chestnut in a farmer's fire. Shakesp. 
 
 October has a basket of services, medlars, and 
 chestnuts, and fruits that ripen at the latter time. 
 Peachani on Drawing. 
 
 S. The name of a brown colour. 
 
 His hair is of a good colour. 
 An excellent colour : your chestnut was ever 
 the onlv colour. Shakesp. 
 
 Merab's longliair was glossy chestnut brown. 
 
 Couley. 
 
 Che'ston. 71. s. A species of plum. 
 
 CHEVALJER. n. s. [chevalier. Fr.] A 
 knight ; a gallant strong man. 
 
 Renowned Talbot doth expect my aid • 
 And I am lowted by a traitor villain. 
 And cannot help tlie noble clieealier. Shakesji. 
 
 CHEVAUX de Frise. n.s. [Fr. Ihe 
 singular Chcval de Frise is seldom 
 used.] The Friesland horse, which is 
 a piece of timber, larger or smaller, and 
 traversed with wooden spikes, pointed 
 
 C II I 
 
 with iron, five or six feet long ; used in 
 defending a passage, stopping a breach, 
 or making a retrenchment to stoj) the 
 cavalry. It is also called a turnpike, or 
 tourniquet. Chambers. 
 
 Che'ven. n. s. [chevesne, Fr.] A river 
 fish, the same with cliub. 
 
 Che'veril. n. s. [cheverau, Fr.] A kid; 
 kidleather. Obsolete. 
 
 A sentence is but a chcveril glove to a good wit : 
 how <|uicklY the wrong side may be turned oat- 
 ward. Shakesp. 
 
 Which gifts the capacity 
 Of your soft cheverU conscience would receive. 
 If you might please to stretch it. Shakesp. 
 
 O, here 's a wit of cheveril, that stretches from 
 an inch narrow to an ell broad. Shakesp. 
 
 CHEVISAhCE. n.s. \chevisance,Yr.] 
 Enteqirise ; a chievement. A word now 
 not in use. 
 
 Fortune, the foe of famous cJiewsance, 
 Seldom, said Guyon, yields to virtue aid. Spenser. 
 
 CHEVRON, n. s. [French.] One of the 
 honourable ordinaries in heraldry. It 
 represents two rafters of a house, set up 
 as they ought to stand. Harris. 
 
 To CHEW. v. a. [ceopyan, Sax. hauwen, 
 Dutch. It is very frequently pru- 
 nounced chaw, and perhaps properly.] 
 
 1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate. 
 If little faults, proceeding on distemper, 
 
 Shall not be wink d at, how shall we stretch our 
 
 eye. 
 When capital crimes, chew'd, swallow 'd, and di- 
 gested. 
 Appear before us .' Shakesp. 
 
 Pacing through the forest, 
 Cheu-ing the food of sweet and bitter fancy. Shak. 
 This pious cheat, that never suck'd the'blood. 
 Nor chew'd the flesh, of lambs. Drydeti's Fables 
 
 The vales 
 DescendiiiE gently, where tlie lowing herd 
 Cheus verd'rous pasture. Philips. 
 
 By cheu-ing, solid aliment is divided into small 
 parts : in a human body, there is no other instru- 
 ment to perform this action but the teeth. By 
 the action of chtxcing, the spittle and mucus are 
 squeezed from the glands, and mixed with the ali- 
 ment ; which action, if it be long continued, will 
 turn the aliment into a sort of chyle. Arb. on Ali. 
 
 2. To meditate; or nuninate in the 
 thoughts. 
 
 While the fierce monk does at his trial stand. 
 He cheu-s revenge, abjuring his offence : 
 
 Guile in his tongue, and murder in his hand. 
 He stabs his judge, to prove his iimocence. Pritrr. 
 
 3. To taste without swallowing. 
 
 Heaven 's in mv mouth. 
 As if 1 did but only chew its name. Shakesp. 
 
 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swd 
 lowed, and some few to be cheued and digested . 
 that is, some books are to be read only in parts ; 
 others to be read, but not curiously ;' and some 
 few to be read wholly, with attentiim. Bacon. 
 
 To Chew. v. 71. To champ upon ; to ru- 
 minate. 
 
 I \^ ill with patience hear, and find a time ; 
 Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this. Shal^ 
 Inculcate the doctrine of disobedience, and the^ 
 leave the multitude to cheu- upon 't. L'Estronge. 
 
 Old politicians chew on wisdom past, 
 .And blunder on in business to the last. Pope. 
 
 CHICANE. 71. s. [chicane, Fr. derived bj 
 i\Iaiiis:i' from the Spanish word chico 
 little.] 
 1. The art of protracting a contest by 
 petty objection and artifice. 
 
 The general part of the civil law concerns not 
 the chicane of [)riv3te cases, but the affairs and in- 
 tercourse of civilized nations, grounded upon the 
 principles of reason. Locke. 
 
 299
 
 C H I 
 
 His attornies have hardly one trick left; they 
 are at an end of all their cJticane. 
 
 Arbuthnot's History of John Bull. 
 
 2. Artifice in general. This sense is only 
 in familiar language. 
 
 Unwilling then in arms to meet. 
 He strove to lengthen the campaign, 
 And save his forces by chicane. Prior. 
 
 To Chica'nE. v.n. [ckictmer. Ft.] To 
 
 prolong a contest by tricks. 
 Chica'ner. n. s. [chicunatr, Fr.] A 
 
 petty sophister; a trifling disputant; a 
 
 wrangler. 
 This is the way to distinguish the two most 
 
 different tilings I know, a logical chicaner from a 
 
 man of reason. Locke. 
 
 Chicanery, n.s. [chicanerie, Fr.] So- 
 phistry ; mean arts of wrangle. 
 
 His anger caused him to destroy tlie greatest 
 part of these reports ; and only to preserve such 
 as discovered most of the chicanery and futility of 
 the practice. ' Arbuthnot. 
 
 Chiches. n.s. See Chickpea.?. 
 
 Chi'chling Vetch, n. s. [lathyrus, 
 Lat.] In Germany they are cultivated, 
 and eaten as peas, though neither so 
 tender nor well tasted. Rliller. 
 
 CHICK. ) n. s. [cicen. Sax. kiccken, 
 
 Chi'cken.j Dutch. Chicken is, I be 
 lieve, the old plural of chick, though 
 now used as a singular noun.] 
 
 1 . The young of a bird, particularly of a 
 hen, or small bird. 
 
 All my pr-Sty ones ! 
 What, all my pretty chickens, and their dam, 
 .^t one fell swoop ! Sltakesp. 
 
 For when the shell is broke, out comes a chick. 
 
 Davies. 
 While it is a chick, and hath no spurs, nor can- 
 not hurt, nor hath seen the motion, yet he readily 
 practiseth it. Hale. 
 
 Even since she was a se'en-night old, they say. 
 Was chaste and humble to her dying day ; 
 Nor chick, nor hen, was known to disobey. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 Having the notion that one laid the egg out of 
 which tile other was hatched, I have a clear idea 
 
 Locke. 
 
 of the relation of dam and chick. 
 
 On rainy days alone I dine. 
 Upon acliick and ])int of wine : 
 On rainy days I dine alone, 
 And pick my chicken to the bone. Swif't. 
 
 2. A word of tenderness. 
 
 My Ariel, c/iic/c. 
 This is thy charge. Shakesp. 
 
 3. A term for a young girl. 
 Then, Chloe, still go on to prate 
 
 Of thirty-six and thirty-eight ; 
 
 Pursue your trade of scanaal-picking. 
 
 Your hints, that Stella is no chicken. Sicift. 
 
 Chi'ckenhearted. adj. [from chicken 
 and heart.] Cowardly; timorous ; fearful. 
 
 Now we set up for tilting in the pit. 
 Where 'tis agreed by bullies, chickcnheoi'ted, 
 To fright the ladies first, and then be jiarled. 
 
 Prologue to .Spanish Fryar. 
 
 Chi'ckenpox. n. s. An exanthematous 
 
 distemper, so called, from its being of 
 
 no very great danger. 
 Chi'ckling. w. i. [from chick.] A small 
 
 chicken. 
 Chi'ckpeas. n. s. [from chick and pea.] 
 
 A kind of degenerate pea. Miller. 
 
 Chi'ckweed. n.s. [from chick and weed.] 
 
 The name of a plant. 
 Green mint, or chickweed, are of good use in all 
 
 the hard swellings of the breast, occasioned by 
 
 milk, Wiseman. 
 
 CHI 
 
 To CHIDE. V, a. preter. chid or ckode, 
 part, chid or chidden, [ciban. Sax.] 
 
 I . To reprove ; to check ; to correct with 
 words: applied to persons. 
 
 Chide him fur faults, and do it reverently, 
 When you perceive liis bluod inclia'd to mirth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 And &y like chidden Mercury from Jove. ShuK. 
 Those, that do teach your babes, 
 Do it with gentle means, and easy tasks ; 
 He might have diid nie so : for, in good faitli, 
 I am a child to chiding. Shakesp. 
 
 Scylla wept 
 And chid her barking waves into attention. Milt. 
 
 Above tlie waves as Neptune shew'd his face, 
 To chide the ivinds, and save the Trojan race*. 
 
 Waller. 
 You look, as if yon stern philosopher 
 Had just now chid you. AddUon. 
 
 If any wonmn of better fashion in the parish 
 happened to he absent from churcli, they were 
 sure of a visit from him, to chide and to dine with 
 her. Su'ijt. 
 
 2, To drive with reproof, 
 
 Margaret my queen, and Clifford too, 
 ilavc chid mc from the battle. Sltakep. 
 
 3. To blame ; to reproach ; applied to 
 things. 
 
 Winds murmur'd througli the leaves your long 
 delay, 
 And fountains, o'er the pebbles, chid your stay. 
 
 Dry den. 
 I chid the folly of my thoughtless haste ; 
 For, the work perfected, the joy was past. Prior. 
 
 To Chide, v. w. 
 
 1. To clamour ; to scold. 
 
 What had he to do to chide at me ? Shakesp. 
 
 Next morn, betimes, the bride was missing : 
 The mother seream'd, the father c^n'rf. 
 Where can this idle wench be hid ? Suifi. 
 
 2. To quarrel with. 
 The business of the state does him offence, 
 
 And he does chide with you. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To make a noise. 
 
 My duty 
 As doth a rock against the chiding ^ood. 
 Should the approacli of this wild river break, 
 And stand unshaken yours. Shakesp. 
 
 Chi'der. n.s. [fvoin chide.] Arebuker; 
 a reprover. 
 
 Not her that chides. Sir, at any hand, I pray — 
 I love no chjders, Sir. Shakesp. 
 
 CHIEF, adj. [chef the head, Fr.] 
 
 1. Principal; most eminent; above the 
 rest in any respect. 
 
 These were the chief of the officers that were 
 over Solomon's works. 1 Ki^tgs. 
 
 The hand of the princes and rulers hath been 
 chiefin this trespass. Ezra. 
 
 ■^our country, chief in avms, abroad defend; 
 At home, witli morals, arts, and laws amend. Pope. 
 
 2. Eminent; extraordinary. 
 A froward man soweth strife, and a whisperer 
 
 separateth c/iie/ friends. Proverbs. 
 
 3. Capital; of the first order; that to which 
 other parts are inferior, or subordinate. 
 
 I came to have a good general view of the 
 apostle's main purposeln writing the epistle, and 
 tlie chief branches of his discourse wherein he 
 prosecuted it. Locke. 
 
 4. It is used by some writers with a super- 
 lative termination ; but, I think, impro- 
 perly ; the comparative chief er is never 
 
 found. 
 
 We beseech yon, bend you to remain 
 Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye, 
 Our chicfest courtier, cousin, and our son. Shak. 
 Doeg an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen. 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 
 He sometimes denied admission to the chiefest 
 
 officers of the army. Clarendon. 
 
 Chief, n,s, [from the adjective.] 
 
 CHI 
 
 I . A military commander ; a leader of ar- 
 mies ; a captain. 
 
 Is pain to them 
 Less pain, less to be fled ? or ihou than they 
 Less hardy to endure? courageous cftie/'.' 
 The first in flight from pain. Milton s Par. Lett. 
 
 After or before were never Known 
 Such chiifs ; as each an army seem'd alone. Dryd. 
 
 A wit s a feather, and a c/iie/a rod ; 
 An honest man 's the noblest work of God. Pope. 
 A prudent f/iii;f not always must display 
 His pow'rs in equal ranks, and fair array; 
 lint with th' occasion and the place comply. 
 Conceal his force, nay seem sometimes to fly. Pope. 
 
 '.. In Chief, in law. Incapite, by per- 
 sonal service. 
 
 All sums deniandablc, cither for licence of alie- 
 nation to be made of lands holden in chief, or for 
 the pardon of any such alienation already made 
 without licence, have been stayed in the way to 
 the hanaper. Bacon. 
 
 I shall be proud to hold my dependence on you 
 in chief, as I do part of my small fortune in Wilt- 
 shire. _ Dryden. 
 
 3. In Spenser it seems to signify somewhat 
 like achievement ; a mark of distinction. 
 
 Where be the nosegays that she dight for thee? 
 The coloured chaplets wrought with a chief. 
 The knottish rush-rings, and gilt rosemary ? Spens. 
 
 4. In heraldry. 
 The chief is so called of the French word chef, 
 
 the head or upper part : this possesses the upper 
 third part of the escutcheon. Pcachamon Drawing. 
 
 Chi'efdom. n. s. [from chief.] Sove- 
 reignty. Not in use. 
 
 Zcphyrus being in love with Chloris, and co- 
 veting her to wife, gave her for a dowry the chief- 
 dom and sovereignty of all flowers and green herbs. 
 Spenser's Kal. Gloss. 
 Chie'fless. adj. [from chief.] Want- 
 ing a head ; being without a leader. 
 
 And chieficss armies duz'd out the campaign. 
 And navies yawn'd for order on the main. Pope. 
 
 Chi'efly. adv. [from chief .] Principally; 
 eminently; more than common. 
 
 Any man who will consider the nature of an 
 epic poem, what actions it describes, and what 
 persons they are chiejly whom it informs, will find 
 It a work full of difliculty. Dryden. 
 
 Those parts of the kingdom, where the number 
 and estates of the dissenters chiefiy lay. Swift. 
 
 Chi'efrie. n. s. [from chief] A small 
 rent paid to the lord paramount. 
 
 They shall be well able to live upon those lands, 
 
 to yiefd her majesty reasonable chiefrie, and also 
 
 give a competent maintenance unto the garrisons, 
 
 Spenser's Ireland. 
 
 Would the reserved rent at this day be any 
 more than a small chiefrie? Swi/t. 
 
 Chi'eftain. n.s. [from cA/e/ captain.] 
 1. A leader; a commander. 
 
 That forc'd their chiej'tuin, for his safety's sake, 
 (Their chieftain Humber named was aright) 
 Unto the mighty stream him to betake, 
 Where he an end of battle and of life did make 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 1, The head of a clan. 
 
 It broke, and absolutely subdued all the lords 
 and chieftains of the Irishry. Davies on Ireland. 
 Chie'vance. n. s. [probably from ache- 
 vance, Fr. purchase.] Traffick, in which 
 money is extorted ; as discount. Now 
 obsolete. 
 
 There were good laws against usury, the bastard 
 use of money ; and against unlawful c^ieyances and 
 exchanges, which is bastard usury. Bacon 
 
 Chi'lblain. n. s. [from chill cold, and 
 Main: so that Temple seems mistaken in 
 his etymology, or has written it wrong 
 to serve a purpose.] Sores made by frost. 
 
 300
 
 CHI 
 
 I remembered the cure of childblaim when I 
 was a boy (which may be called the children's 
 gout), by burning at the fire. Temple. 
 
 CHILD, n. s. in the plural Children. 
 [cilb, Sax.] 
 
 1. An infant, or very young person. 
 
 In age, to wish for youth is full as vain, 
 As for a youtll to turn a child again. Venham. 
 
 We sliuuld no more be kinder to one child than 
 to another, than we are tender of one e^'e more 
 than of the other. Ukstrange. 
 
 The young lad must not be ventured abroad at 
 eight or feu, for fear of what may happen to the 
 tender child ; though he tlien runs ten times less 
 risque tiian at sixteen. Locke. 
 
 Tlie stroke of death is nothing : children enilure 
 it, and the greatest cowards find it no pain. Wiike. 
 
 2. One in the line of filiation, opposed to 
 the parent. 
 
 Where children have been exposed, or taken 
 away young, and afterwards have approaclied to 
 their parents presence, the parents, though they 
 have not known them, have had a secret^ joy, or 
 other alteration, thereupon. Bacons Nut. Hist. 
 
 I shall see 
 The winged vengeance overtake such children. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 So unexhausted her perfections were, 
 That for more children she had more to spare. 
 
 Vryden. 
 He, in a fruitful wife's embraces old, 
 A long increase of children's children told. Addison. 
 
 3. The descendants of a man, iiow remote 
 soever, are called children ; as the chil- 
 dren of Edom, the children of Israel. 
 
 4. In the language of scripture. 
 
 One weak in knowledge. Isaiuh. 1 Corinth. 
 
 Such as are young in grace. 1 John. 
 
 Such as are humble and docile. Matthew. 
 
 The children of light, the children of darkness ; 
 who follow light, who remain in darkness. 
 
 The elect, the blessed, are also ca'Jed the chil- 
 dren oi God. -„ , 
 
 How is he numbered among the cnddren of Ood, 
 and his lot is among the sahiis ! Wisdom. 
 
 In the New Te9tament,believers are commonly 
 called childreji of God. 
 
 Ye are all the children of God, by faith in Jesus 
 Christ. Gal. iii. 26. Calmet. 
 
 5. A girl child. Not in use. 
 
 Mercy on 's ' a bearne, a very pretty bearnc ! 
 A boy, or child, 1 wonder > Shakesp. 
 
 6. Any thing the product or effect of ano- 
 ther. 
 
 Macduff, this noble passion, 
 C?iiW of integrity, hath from my soul 
 Wip'd the bfack scruples. Shakesp. 
 
 7. To be tvith Child. To be pregnant. 
 
 If it must stand still, let wives with child 
 Pray that their burthen may not fall this day. 
 Lest that their hopes prodigiously be crost. Shak. 
 
 7b Child, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 bring children. 
 
 The spring, tlie summer. 
 
 The chitding autunm, angry winter, change 
 Their wonted liveries. Shakesp. 
 
 As to childing women, young vigorous people, 
 after irregularities of diet, in such it begins with 
 hsemorrhages. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Chi'ldbearing. participial substan- 
 tive, [from child and bear.^ The act of 
 bearing children. 
 
 To thee 
 Pains only in childhearing were foretold, 
 And, bringing forth, soon recompens'd with Joy, 
 Fruit of thy womb. MUtoiis Far. 'Lost. 
 
 The timorous and irresolute Sylvia lias de- 
 murred till she is past childbearing. Addison. 
 Chi'ldbed. n. s. [from child and bed.] 
 The state of a woman bringing a child, 
 or being in labour. 
 
 The funerals of prince Arthur, and of queen 
 Elizabeth, who died in childbed in the Tower. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 CHI 
 
 Pure, as when wash'd from spotof c/iiUied slain. 
 Paradise Regained. 
 Yet these, tho' poor, the pain of childbed bear. 
 
 Drpden. 
 
 Let no one be actually married, till she hath llie 
 
 childbed iiillows. Spectator. 
 
 Women in childbed are in the case of persons 
 
 wounded. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Childbirth, n.s. [from child and birth.] 
 Travail ; labour ; the time of bringing 
 forth ; the act of bringing forth. 
 
 The mother of Pyrocles, after her childbirth, 
 died. Sidney. 
 
 A kernel void of any taste, but not so of virtue, 
 especially for women travailing in childbirth. 
 
 Carew's Survey. 
 In the whole sex of women, God hath decreed 
 the sharpest pains of childbirth; to shew, that 
 there is no state exempt from sorrow. 
 
 Taylor's Holy Lieing. 
 He to his wife, before the time assign'd 
 For childbirth came, thus bluntly spoke his mind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Chi'lded. adj. [from child.] Furnished 
 
 with a child. 
 
 How light and portable my pain seems now, 
 When that which makes me bend, makes the king 
 
 bow ; 
 He childed as I father'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Childermas day. [from child and 
 mass.] The day of the week, throughout 
 the year, answering to the day on which 
 the feast of the Holy Innocents is solem- 
 nized, which weak and superstitious 
 persons think an unlucky day. 
 
 To talk of hares, or such uncouth things, proves 
 as ominous to the fislierman, as the beginning of 
 a voyage on the day when childermas day fell, 
 doth to the mariner. Carew. 
 
 Chi'ldhood. n.s. [from child; cilbhab, 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. The state of children ; or, the time in 
 which we are children : it includes in- 
 fancy, but is continued to puberty. 
 
 Now I have stain'd the childhood of our joy 
 With blood, remov'd but little from our own. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The sons of lords and gentlemen should be 
 trained up in learning from their childhoods. 
 
 Spejiser on Ireland. 
 Seldom have I ceas'd to eye 
 Thy infancy, thy childhood, and thy youtli. Milt. 
 The same authority that the actions of a man 
 have with us in our childhood, the same, in every 
 period of life, has the practice of all whom we 
 regard as our superiours. _ Rogers. 
 
 2. The time of life between infancy and 
 puberty. 
 
 Infancy and childhood demand thin, copious, 
 nourishing aliment. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 3. The properties of a child. 
 Their love in early infancy began. 
 
 And rose as childhood ripen d into man. Dryden. 
 
 Chi'ldish. adj. [from child.] 
 
 1 . Having the qualities of a child ; trifling ; 
 
 ignorant ; simple. 
 
 Learning hath its infancy, when it is but be- 
 ginning and almost childish : then its youth, when 
 It is luxuriant and juvenile. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 2. Becoming only children ; trifling ; pue- 
 rile. 
 
 Musidorus being elder by three or four years, 
 there was taken away llie occasion ol childish con- 
 tentions. ^ Sidney. 
 
 The lion's whelps she saw how he did bear, 
 And lull ill rugged arms withouten childish fear. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 When I was yet a child, no childish play 
 To me was pleasing ; all roj- mind was set 
 Serious to learn and know. Paradise Regained. 
 
 CHI 
 
 The fathers looked on the worslilp of imagei 
 as the most silly and childish thing hi the world. 
 
 Slillingjiect, 
 One that hath newly leam'd to speak and go 
 Loves childkh plays. _ Roscommon. 
 
 They liave spoiled the walls with childish sen- 
 tences', that consist often in a jujgle of words. 
 
 Addison on Italu. 
 By conversalion the childish humours of their 
 younger days might be worn out. 
 
 Arbutlini't's History of John Bull. 
 
 Chi'ldishly. adv. [from childish.] In 
 a childish trifling way ; like a child. 
 
 Togelherwith his fame llicir infamy was spread, 
 w ho had so rashly and childishly ejected him. 
 
 Hookfr. 
 
 Some men are of excellent judginent in their 
 
 own professions, hut childishly unkilful in any 
 
 tiling besides. llayward. 
 
 Childishness, n.s. [from childish.] 
 
 1. Puerility ; triflingness. 
 
 The actions of childishness, and unfashionable 
 carriage, time and age will of itself be sure to re- 
 form. Locke. 
 
 Nothing in the world could give a truer idea of 
 the sujierstition, credulity, and child'ishncis of the 
 Roman catholick religion. Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. Harmlessness. 
 
 Speak thou, boy ; 
 Perhaps thy childishness \\\\\ move him more 
 Than can our reasons. Shakesp. 
 
 Chi'ldless. adj. [from child.] Without 
 children ; without offspring. 
 
 As thy sword hath made women childless, so 
 shall thy mother be childless among women. 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 
 A man shall see the noblest works and founda- 
 tions have proceeded from childless men ; whict 
 have sought to express tlie images of their minds, 
 where those of their bodies have failed ; so the 
 care of posterity is most in them that have no pos- 
 terity. Bacon's Edays. 
 
 Childless thou art, childless remain : so death 
 Shall be deceiv'd his glut. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 She can give the reason why one died childless. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 Chi'ldlike. adj. [from child and like.] 
 Becoming or beseeming a child. 
 
 Who can owe no less than childlike obedience to 
 her that hath more than motherly care. Hooker. 
 
 I thought the remnant of mine age 
 Should have been cherish'd by her childlike duty. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Chi'liad. n. s. [from >;Ai«?.] A thou- 
 sand ; a collection or sum containing a 
 thousand. 
 
 We make c^-cles and periods of years, as de- 
 cads, centuries, c/ii/ia<is, forlheuseofcomputaticn 
 in historj'. Holder. 
 
 Chilia'edron. n. s. [from x'^'*-] -^ 
 figure of a thousand sides. 
 
 In a man. who speaks of a chiliaedron, or a 
 body of a thousand sides, the idea of the figure 
 may be very confused, though tliat of the number 
 be very distinct. Locke. 
 
 Chili fa'ctive. adj. [from cAi7e.] That 
 which makes chile. 
 
 Whether this be not effected by some way of 
 corrosion, rather than any proper digestion, chiti- 
 factive mutation, or alimcntal conversion. 
 
 Brou-n's Vulgar Errows. 
 
 Chilifa'ctory. adj. [from chile.] That 
 which has the quality of making chUe. 
 
 We should ratlier reply upon a c/n7rf"aclorv men- 
 struum, or dij^estive preparation drawn from spe- 
 cies or individuals, whose stomachs peculiarly 
 dissolve lajiideous bodies. Brown. 
 
 Chilifica'tion. n.s, [&o\a chile.] The 
 act of making chile. 
 
 Nor will we affirm that iron is indigested in the 
 
 stomach of the ostriche ; but we suspect this effect 
 
 to proceed not from any liquid reduction, or ten- 
 
 dence to chilijication, by tlie power of natural heat. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errjurt. 
 
 SOI
 
 C H I 
 
 CHILL, adj. [cele. Sax.] 
 
 1. Cold; that wLich is cold to the touch. 
 
 And all ray plants I save from nightly ill. 
 Of noisome wnids, aud blasting vapours chill. 
 
 Milton. 
 3. Cold ; having the sensation of cold ; 
 shivering with cold. 
 My heart and my chilL veins freeze witli despair. 
 
 Roue. 
 
 3. Dull ; not warm ; not forward : as, a 
 chill reception. 
 
 4. Depressed ; dejected ; discouraged. 
 
 5. Unaffectionate ; cold of temper. 
 Chill, n.s. [from the adjective.] Chil- 
 
 ness ; cold. 
 
 I very well know one to have a sort of chitl about 
 his pnecordiaand head. DerhainiPhysicO'Tlicology. 
 
 To Chill, v. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. To make cold. 
 
 Age has not yet 
 So shrunk my smews, or so chilCd iny veins, 
 But conscious virtue in ray breast remains. Dryd. 
 Heat burns his rise, frost chills his setting beams. 
 And vex the world with opposite extremes. 
 
 Creech. 
 Each changing season does its poison bring ; 
 Rheums chill the winter, agues blast the spring. 
 
 Prior, 
 Now no more the drum 
 Provokes to arms ; or trumpet's clangor shrill 
 AiJ'rights the wives, or chills the virgin's blood. 
 
 Philip.^. 
 
 2. To depress; to deject; to discourage. 
 Every thought on God c/ii7(s the gaiety of his 
 
 spirits, and awakens terrors wli'tcn he cannot 
 bear. Rogers. 
 
 3. To blast with cold. 
 
 The fruits perish on the ground. 
 Or soon deca3', by snows immod'rate chilVd, 
 By winds are blasted, or by lightning kill'd. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 Chi'lliness. m. s. [from chilli/.] A sen- 
 sation of shivering cold. 
 
 If the patient survives three days, the acute- 
 ness of the pain abates, and a chilltneis or shiver- 
 ing atfects the body. Arbuthywt. 
 
 Cui'hLY. adj. [from chill.] Somewhat cold. 
 
 A chilly sweat bedews 
 My shudd'ring limbs. Philips. 
 
 Chi'lness. n.s. [from chill.] Coldness; 
 want of warmth. 
 
 If you come out of the sun suddenly into a 
 sliade, there foUoweth a chilness or shivering in 
 all the body. Bacon. 
 
 This while he thinks, he lifts aloft his dart, 
 A generous chilness seizes ev'ry part. 
 The veins pour back the blood, and fortify the 
 hea:t. Dryden. 
 
 Chimb, n. s. [Icime, Dutch.] The end of 
 a barrel or tub. 
 
 CHIiNIE. n. s. [The original of this word is 
 doubtful. Junius and Minsliew suppose 
 it corrupted from cimbal ; Skin7ier from 
 gamme, or gamut ; Henshaw from chia- 
 mare, to call, because the chime calls to 
 church. Perhaps it is only softened 
 from chirme, or churm, an old word for 
 the sound of many voices, or instruments 
 making a noise together.] 
 
 1. The consonant or harraonick sound of 
 many correspondent instruments. 
 
 Hang our shaggy thighs with bells ; 
 That, as we do strike a tune. 
 In our dance shall make a chime. Ben Jonson. 
 
 The sound 
 Of instruments, that made melodious chime, 
 AVas heard, of harp and organ. Milton's Far. Lost. 
 
 Love virtue, she alone is free ; 
 She can teach you how to climb 
 Higher than the sphery chime. Milton. 
 
 CHI 
 
 'i. The correspondence of sound. 
 
 Love first invented verse, and form'd the rhime, 
 Tiie motion nieasur'd, harraoniz'd thec/iime. Dryd. 
 
 3. The sound of bells, not rung by ropes, 
 but struck with hammers. In this sense 
 it is always used in the plural, chimes. 
 
 We have heard the chimes at midnight. Shake^. 
 
 4. The correspondence of proportion or 
 relation. 
 
 The conceptions of things are placed in their 
 several degrees of similitude ; as in several pro- 
 portions, one to another: in which harmomous 
 chimes, the voice of reason is often drowned. 
 
 Crew's Cosmologia. 
 
 To Chime, v. n, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To sound in harmony or consonance. 
 
 To make the rough recital aptly chime, 
 Or bring the sum of Gallia's loss to rhinie, 
 'Tis mighty hard. Prior. 
 
 2. To correspond In relation or proportion. 
 
 Father and son, husband and wife, and such 
 other correlative terms, do belong one to anotht-r; 
 and, through custom, do readily chime, and an- 
 swer one another, in people's memories. Locke. 
 
 3. To agree ; to fall in with. 
 He not only sat quietly and heard his father 
 
 railed at, but often chimed in with tlie discourse. 
 ArimthnoVs Hist, of John Bull. 
 
 4. To suit with ; to agree. 
 
 Any sect, whose reasonings, interpretation, 
 arid language, I have been used to, will, of course, 
 make all chime that way ; and make another, and 
 perhaps the genuine meaning of the author, seem 
 harsh, strange, and uncouth to me. Locke. 
 
 5. To jingle; to clatter. 
 But with the meaner tribe I'm forc'd to chime, 
 
 And, wanting strength to rise, descend to rhime. 
 
 Smith . 
 
 To Chime, v. a, 
 
 1 . To move, or strike, or cause to sound 
 harmonically, or with just consonancy. 
 
 With lifted arms thev order ev'ry blow, 
 And chime their soundmg hammers in a rowj 
 With labour'd anvils ^Etna groans below. 
 
 Dryden s Georgicks, 
 
 2. To strike a bell ■with a hammer. 
 CHIME'RA. 71. s, [chinKsra, Lat.] A vain 
 
 and wild fancy, as remote from reality 
 as the existence of the poetical Chimera, 
 a monster feigned to have the head of a 
 lion, the belly of a goat, and the tail of 
 a dragon. 
 
 In short, the force of dreams is of apiece, 
 Chimeras all, and more absurd, or less. Dryd. Fab. 
 No body joins the voice of a sheep with the 
 shape of a" horse, to be the complex ideas of any- 
 real substances, unless he has a mind to fill his 
 Jicad with chijnerus, and his discourse with unin- 
 telligible words. Locke. 
 Chime'rical. tf(//. [from cA/me?'ff,] Ima- 
 ginary; fanciful; wildly, vainly, or fan- 
 tastically conceived ; fantastick. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fineness of this allegory 
 may atone for it in some measure, I cannot think 
 that persons of such a chimerical existence are pro- 
 per actors in an epic poem. Spectator. 
 
 Chime'rically. adv, [from chimerical.] 
 A'ainly ; wildly ; fantastically. 
 
 Chi'mxnage. 71. s. [£vom chimi7i, an old 
 law word for a road.] A toll for pas- 
 sage through a forest. Cowell. 
 
 CHIMNEY. 7^.s. {cimninee, Fr.] 
 
 1. The passage through which the smoke 
 ascends from the fire in the house. 
 
 Oiimnits with scorn rejecting smoke. Swift. 
 
 2. The turret raised above the roof of the 
 house, for conveyance of the smoke. 
 
 The night has been unruly : where we lay, 
 Our chimnies were blown down. Shakesp, 
 
 CHI * 
 
 3. The fire-place. 
 
 The chimney 
 Is south the chamber ; and the chiraneypiece. 
 Chaste Dian bathing. Shakem. 
 
 1 he fire which the Chaldeans worshipped for 
 a god, is crept into every man's chimney. 
 
 , _ Raleigirs History. 
 
 Low offices, which some neighbours hardly 
 think it worth stirring from tlieir chimney sides to 
 obtain. Swift on'Sac. Test. 
 
 Chimney-corner, n.s. [from chimney 
 and corner.] The fire-side ; the seat on 
 each end of the firegrate : usually noted 
 in proverl)ial language for being the 
 place of idlers. 
 
 Yet some old men 
 Tell stories of you iulheii chimney-comer. Denham. 
 
 Chi'mneypiece. 71.S. [from chimney and 
 
 piece.] The ornamental piece of wood, 
 
 or stone, that is set round the fire-place. 
 
 Polish and brighten the marble hearths and 
 
 chimneypieces with a clout dipt in grease. Swift. 
 
 Chimneysweeper, n.s. [from chimney 
 
 and sweeper.] 
 1. One whose trade it is to clean foul 
 
 chimnies of soot. 
 
 To look like her, are chimneysweepers black ; 
 And since her time are colliers counted bright. 
 
 Siiakesp. 
 The little chimneysweeper skulks along, 
 And marks with sooty stains the heedless throng. 
 
 Gay. 
 Even lyine Ned, the c/iimiiei/suJcepfr of Savoy, r 
 and Tom the Portugal dustman, put in their claims. 
 
 Arbnthnot. 
 
 2. It is used proverbially for one of a 
 mean and vile occupation. 
 
 Golden lads and girls, all must. 
 As chimneysu-eepers, come to dust. Shahesp. 
 
 CHIN. n. *. [cmne, Sax. ki?in, Germ.] The 
 pait of the face beneath tlie under lip. 
 
 But all the words I could get of her, was wrying 
 her waist, and thrusting out her chin. Sidney. 
 
 With his Amazonian chin he drove 
 The bristled li|»s before him. Shahesp. 
 
 He rais'd his hardy head, which sunk again, 
 And, sinking on his bosom, knock'd his chin. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 Chi'na. M.S. [from China, the country 
 where it is made.] China ware ; porce- 
 lain ; a species of vessels made in China, 
 dimly transparent, partaking of the 
 qualities of eai'th and glass. They are 
 made by mingling two kinds of earth, 
 of which one easily vitrifies ; the other 
 resists a very strong heat : when the 
 
 vitrifiable earth is melted into glass, 
 the}' are completely burnt. 
 
 Spleen, vapours, or small-pox, above them all ; 
 Ana mistress of herself, tho' china fall. Pope. 
 
 After supper, carr3' your plate and china to- 
 getlier in the same basket. Swift. 
 
 Chi'na-Orange. n. s. [from China and 
 orange.] The sweet orange : brought 
 originally from China. 
 
 Not many years has the C/ii7ia-orange been pro- 
 pagated in Portugal and Spain. Moi-timers Huib. 
 
 Chi'na-Root. n.s. [from China and 
 root.] A medicinal root, brought ori- 
 ginally from China. 
 
 Chi'ncough. n.s. [perhaps more pro- 
 perly kincough, from kinckin to pant, 
 Dut and cough.] A violent and convul- 
 sive cough, to which children are subject. 
 I have observed a chincou^h, complicated with 
 an intermitting fever. Hoyer on the ttumours, 
 
 303
 
 C H I 
 
 CHINE, n. s. [eschine, Fr. schiena, Ital 
 spina, Lat. cein, Arm.] 
 
 1. The part of the back in which the 
 spine or back bone is found. 
 
 She strake liim such a blow upon his chine, that 
 she opened all his body. Sidney. 
 
 He presents her with the lusky head, 
 Andrtiiif with rising bristles roughly spread.Drj/ci. 
 
 2. A piece of the back of an animal. 
 
 Cut out the burly boned clown in chines of 
 beef ere thou slccii. Shahesp. 
 
 He had killed eight fat hogs for this season, 
 and he had dealt about his chines very liberally 
 among his neighbours. Spectator. 
 
 To Chine, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cut into chines. 
 
 He that in his line did chine the long ribb'd 
 
 Apennine. Dryden. 
 
 CHINK, n. s. [cman to gape, Sax.] A 
 
 small aperture longwise; an opening or 
 
 gap between the parts of an)' thing. 
 
 Pyramus and Thisbe did talk through the chink 
 of a wall. Shakes]). Midsummer Nig)it's Vrcam. 
 
 Plagues also have been raised by anoinline the 
 chinksu! doors, and the like. Bacons J\'at. Hist. 
 
 Though birds have no epiglottis, yet they so 
 contract the chink of their larinx, as" to prevent 
 the admission of wet or dry indigested. 
 
 Broun s Vulgar Errnnrs. 
 
 Other hiventions, false and absurd, that are like 
 so many chinks and holes to discover the rotten- 
 ness of the whole fabrick. South. 
 
 In vain she search'd each cranny of the house. 
 Each gaping chink impervious to a mouse. Swift. 
 
 To Chink, v. a. [derived hySkmner from 
 the sound.] To shake so as to make a 
 soimd. 
 
 He chinks his purse, and takes his seat of state : 
 With ready quills the dedicators wait. 
 
 Pope^s Dunciad. 
 
 To Chink, v.n. To sound by striking 
 each other. 
 
 Lord Strutl's money shines as bright, and chinks 
 as well, as 'squire South's. 
 
 Arbuthnot's History of John Bull. 
 When not a guinea ctiiuk'd on IM'artin's boards. 
 And A twill's seff was drain'd of all his hoards. Suift. 
 Chi'nky. adj. [from chink.] Full of holes ; 
 gaping ; opening into narrow clefts. 
 But plaister thou the chinky hives with clay 
 Driidens Vir 
 Grimalkin, to domestick vermin sworn 
 An everlasting foe, with watchful eye 
 Lies nightly brooding o'er a chinky gap. 
 Protending her fell claws, to thougluless mice 
 Sure ruin. Fhilips^s Poems. 
 
 Chints. n. s. Cloth of cotton made in 
 India, and printed with colours. 
 
 Let a charuiing chints, and Brussels lace. 
 Wrap my cold limbs, and shade my lifeless face. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Chi'oppine. n.s. [from c/taj»in, Span.] 
 A high shoe, formerly worn by ladies. 
 
 Your ladyship is nearer heaven than when I saw 
 jou last, by the a\lii\ide ol a. cltioppine. Shakesp. 
 
 The woman was a giantess, and yet walked 
 always in chioppines. Couley. 
 
 CHIP, Cheap, Chipping, in the names 
 of places, imply a market ; from the 
 Saxon cypp.in ceapan, to buy. Gibson. 
 
 To Chip. v. a. [probably corrupted from 
 chop^ To cut into small pieces; to di- 
 minish, Iw cutting away a little at a time. 
 
 His mangled ^Myrmidons, 
 Noseless, handless, hackt and chipt, come to him. 
 Crying on Hector. Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 To return to our statue in the block of marble, 
 we see it sometimes only begun to be chipped ; 
 sometimes rough hewn, mid just sketched into an 
 human figure. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 The cntick strikes out all that is not just ; 
 And 'tis ev'n so the butler chips his crust. King. 
 
 I'irgil. 
 
 C H I 
 
 Industry 
 Taught liim to chip the wood, and hew the stone. 
 
 ITutmson. 
 
 Chip. n. *. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A small piece taken off by a cutting 
 instrument. 
 
 Cucumbers do e.vtremely affect moisture, and 
 
 over-drink themselves, which chalT or chips for- 
 
 biddeth. Bacon. 
 
 ■I'hat chip made iron swim, not by natural power. 
 
 Taylor. 
 The straw was laid below ; 
 Otchips and screwood was the second row. 
 
 Drydejis Fables. 
 
 2. A small piece, however made. 
 
 The manganese lies in the vein in lumps wreck- 
 ed, in an irregular manner, among clay, spar, and 
 c/ii;js of stone. ]Vooduard. 
 
 Chipping, n. s. [from To chip.] A frag- 
 ment cut off. 
 
 They dung their land with the chippings of a 
 sort of soft stone. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 The chippings and filings of these jewels, could 
 they be preserved, are uf more value than the whole 
 mass of ordinary authors. Fetton on tlic CUissicks. 
 Chira'grical. adj. [from chiragra, 
 Lat.] Having the gout in the hand ; 
 subject to the gout in the hand. 
 
 Chiragrical persons do suffer in the finder as 
 well as in the rest, and sometimes first of all. 
 
 Broun s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Chiro'grapher. n. s. [x^'? the hand, 
 and yfacpw to write.] He that exercises 
 or professes the art or business of writing. 
 
 Thus passeth it from this olficc to the chirogra- 
 pher's, to be engrossed. Bacons OJftce tf Alienation. 
 
 Chiro'graphist. n.s. [SeeCniROORA- 
 PHER.] This word is used in the fol- 
 lowing passage, I think improperly, for 
 one that tells fortunes by examining the 
 hand ; the true word is chirosophist, or 
 chiromancer. 
 
 Let the phisiognoniists examine his features ; let 
 the cftird^ran/iis/s behold his palm ; but, above ail, 
 let us consult for the calculation of his nativity. 
 
 Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 Chiro'graphy. n. s. [See Chirogra- 
 
 PHER.] The art of writing. 
 Chiromancer, n. s. [See Chiro- 
 mancy.] One that foretels future 
 events by inspecting the hand. 
 
 The middle sort, who have not much to spare. 
 To chiromancers' cheaper art repair. 
 Who clap the jjretty palm, to make the lines more 
 fair. ' Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 Chi'romancy. n.s. [xs»? the hand, and 
 jLtatli; a prophet.] The art of foretelling 
 the events of life, by inspecting the hand. 
 
 There is not much considerable in that doctrine 
 of chiromancy, that spots in the top of the nails do 
 signify thing's past ; in the middle, things present ; 
 and at the bottom, events to come._ 
 
 Brown's Vulgar En'ours. 
 
 To CHIRP, t'. 71. [perhaps contracted from 
 cheer up. The Dutch have circken.] 
 To make a cheerful noise ; as birds, 
 when they call witliout singing. 
 
 She chirping ran, he peeping flew away. 
 Till hard by them both lie and she did stay. Sidney. 
 
 Came he right now to sing a raven's note ; 
 And thinks he that tlie chirping of a wren 
 Can chase away the first conceived sound ? Shak. 
 No chirping lark the welkin sheen invokes. 
 
 Cay's Pastorals. 
 The careful hen 
 Calls all her chirping family around. 
 
 Thomson's Spring. 
 
 To Chirp, v. a. [This seems apparently 
 corrupted from cheer up.] To make 
 cheerful. 
 
 C H 1 
 
 Let no sober bigot here think it a sin 
 To push on the chirping and moderate bottle. 
 
 Johmcn, 
 Sir Balaam now, he lives like other folks ; 
 He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes. 
 
 P<7if. 
 
 Chirp. «. *. [from the verb.] The voice 
 of birds or insects. 
 
 \Vinds over us whisper'd, flocks by us did bleat. 
 And chirp went the grasshopper under our feet. 
 
 SpectatiT. 
 
 Chi'rper. n. s. [from chirp.] One that 
 chirps ; one that is cheerful. 
 
 To Chirre. v.n. [ceopian. Sax.] See 
 Chvkme. To coo as a pigeon. Junius. 
 
 CHIKURGEON. n.s. [yjl^ov^ysy-, from 
 X'^'^ the hand, and e^yoj work.] One 
 that cures ailments, not by internal me- 
 dicines, but outward applications. It 
 is now generally pronounced, and by 
 many written, surgeon. 
 
 When a man's wounds cease to smart, only be- 
 cause he has lost his feeling, they are nevertheless 
 mortal, for his not seeing his need of a chirurgeon. 
 Soutli's Sermons. 
 
 Chiru'rgery. n.s. [{rom chirurgeon.] 
 'J'he art of curing by external applica- 
 tions. This is called surgert/. 
 
 Gynccia having skill in chirnrgery, an art in 
 
 those days much esteemed. Sidney. 
 
 Nature could do nothing in her case without the 
 
 help o{ chirurgcrij, in drying up the luxurious flesh, 
 
 and making way to pull out the rotten bones. 
 
 Miseman. 
 
 CHiRu'RGiCAL.\ac(/. See Chirur- 
 Chiru'roick. j geon. 
 
 1. Having qualities useful in outward ap- 
 plications to hurts. 
 
 As to the chimrgicul or physical virtues of wax, 
 it is reckoned a mean between hot and cold. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. Relating to the manual part of healing. 
 
 3. Manual in general, consisting in ope- 
 rations of the hand. This sense, though 
 the first according to etymolog}', is now 
 scarce found. 
 
 The chintrgical or manual part doth refef to the 
 making instruments, and exercising particular ex- 
 periments, iril/tins. 
 
 CHI'SEL. n. s. [ciseau, Fr. of scissum, 
 Lat.] An instrument with which wood 
 or stone is pai'ed away. 
 
 What fine chisel 
 Could ever yet cut breath ? Let no man mock me. 
 For I w ill kiss her. Shakesp. 
 
 There is such a seeming softness in the limbs, 
 as if not a chisel had hewed them out of stone, but 
 a pencil had drawn and streaked them in oil. 
 
 n'otton's Architecture. 
 Imperfect shapes : in marble such are seen, 
 ^^'hcn the rude chisel does the man begin. Dryden. 
 
 To Chisel, v. a. [from the noun.] " To 
 
 cut with a chisel. 
 CHIT. w. «. [according to Dr. Hickes, 
 
 from kind, Cierm. child ; perhaps from 
 
 chico httle. Span.] 
 
 1. A child; a baby. Generally used of 
 young persons in contempt. 
 
 These w ill appear such chits in story, 
 'Twill turn all politicks to jest. Ancnymout. 
 
 2. The shoot of corn from the end of the 
 grain. A caut term with maltsters. 
 
 Barley, couched four days, will begin to shew 
 the c'lit or sprit at the root-end. 
 
 Mortimer's Hushaiuiry. 
 
 3. A freckle, [from chick-pease.] In this 
 sense it is seldom used, 
 
 303
 
 C H 1 
 
 To Chit. v.n. [from the noun.] To .sprout; 
 to shoot at the end of the grain: cant. 
 
 I have known barley chit in scvt-n hours after it 
 had been thrown forth. Mnrtimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Chi'tchat. U.S. [corrupted by redupli- 
 cation from chat.] Prattle; idle prate; 
 idle talk. A word only used in ludi- 
 crous conversation. 
 
 I am a member of a female society, who call 
 ourselves the chitchat club. Spectator. 
 
 Chi'tterlings. n.s. without singular, 
 [from schytvr lingh, Dut. iMinshew ; 
 from kutteln, Germ. Skinner.] The 
 guts ; the bowels. Skinner. 
 
 Chi'tty. adj. [from chit.] Childish; 
 like a baby. 
 
 Chi'valeous. adj. [from chivalri/.] Re- 
 lating to chivalry, or errant knighthood ; 
 knightly ; warlike; adventurous ; daring. 
 A word now out of use. 
 
 And noble minds of yore allied were ^ 
 In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. I'airy Q 
 
 CHI'VALRY. n. s. [chevalerie, Fr. knight- 
 hood, from cheval a horse ; as eques in 
 Latin.] 
 
 1. Knighthood; a military dignity. 
 There be now, for martial encouragement, some 
 
 degrees and orders of c/!!ta(rv ; which, neverthe- 
 less, are conferred promiscuoubly upon^ soldiers 
 and no soldiers. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 2. The qualifications of a knight ; as, va- 
 lour, dexterity in arms. 
 
 Thou hast slain 
 The flow'r of Europe for his chimlry. Shahesp. 
 
 I may speak it to my shacne, 
 I have a truaiit be'en to chivalry. _ Shakesp. 
 
 3. The general system of knighthood. 
 
 Solemnly he swore, 
 That, by the faith wiiich knights to knighthood 
 
 bore. 
 And whate'cr else to c/iii)a(i-« belongs, 
 He would not cease till he reveng'd their wrongs. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. An adventure ; an exploit. Not now in 
 use. 
 
 They four doing acts more dangerous, though 
 .« famous, because thev were but private chiml- 
 
 less famous, because they were but private 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 5. The body or order of knights. 
 
 And by his light 
 Did all the chivalry of England move 
 To do brave acts. Shakesp. 
 
 6. In law. 
 Scrvitium militare, of the French chevalier; a 
 
 tenure of land by knight's service. There is no 
 land but is holden mediately or inmiediately of 
 the crown, by some service or other ; and tliere- 
 fore are all our freeholds, that are to us and our 
 heirs, called/furfa, fees, as proceeding from the 
 benefit of the king. As the king gave to the 
 nobles large possessions for this or tliat rent and 
 service, so they parcelled out their lauds, so re- 
 ceived for rents and services, as they tliought 
 good : and those services are by Littleton divided 
 into chivalrq and socage. The one is martial and 
 military ; the other, clownish and rustick. Chi- 
 valry, "therefore, is a tenure of service, whereby 
 the tenant is bound to perform some noble or mi- 
 litary office unto his lord : and is of two sorts ; 
 either regal, that is, such as may hold only of the 
 king ; or such as may also hold of a common per- 
 son as well as of the king. That which may hold 
 only of the king, is properly called sergeantry ; 
 and is again divided into grand or petit, i. e. great 
 or small. Chivairu that may hold of a common 
 person, as well as of the kuig, is called scutagium. 
 
 Cotcell. 
 
 7. It ought ■ properly to be written che- 
 
 valrt/. It is a word not much used, but 
 
 in old poems or romances. 
 
 C H O 
 
 Cm'vES. n. s. [cive, Fr. Skinner.] 
 
 1. The threads or filaments rising in 
 flowers with seeds at the end. 
 
 The masculine or prolific seed contained in the 
 chives or apices of the stamina. Ray on the Creatio/i. 
 
 2. A species of small onion. Skinner. 
 Chloro'sis. n. s. [froiTi x'^^i^ green.] 
 
 The green-sickness. 
 To Choak. See Choke. 
 CHOCOLATE, n.s. [chocolate, Span.] 
 
 1. The nut of the cocao tree. 
 
 The tree hath a rose flower, of a great number 
 of petals, from whose empalements arises the 
 pointal, being a tube cut into many parts, which 
 becomes a fruit shaped somewhat like a cucumber, 
 and deeply furrowed, in which are contained 
 several seeds, collected into an oblong licap, and 
 slit down, somewhat like almonds. It is a native 
 of America, and is found in great plenty in seve- 
 ral places between the Iropicks, and grows wild. 
 See CoroA. . Miller. 
 
 2. The cake or mass, made by grinding the 
 kernel of the cacao nut with other sub- 
 stances, to be dissolved in hot water. 
 
 The Spaniards were the first who brought cho- 
 colate into use in F.urope, to promote the cunsump- 
 tioii of their cacao-nuts, achiot, and other drugs, 
 which their West Indies furnish, and which enter 
 the cora|)Ositionof cftucu/iite. _ Chambers. 
 
 3. The liquor made by a solution of cho- 
 colate in hot water. 
 
 Chocolate is certainly much the best of these 
 three exotick liquors : its oil seems to be both 
 rich, alimentary, and anodyne, tlrhuth. on Alim. 
 
 In flumes of burning chocolate shall glow. 
 And treuible at the sea that froths below I Pope. 
 Cho'colate-house. n.s. [chocolate and 
 house.] A house where company is en- 
 tertained with chocolate. 
 
 Ever shice that time, Lisander has been twice 
 a day at the chocolate-house. Tatler 
 
 Chode. [the old preterite from chide.] 
 See Chide. 
 
 And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban. 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 Choice, n.s. [choix, French.] 
 
 1 . The act of choosing ; determination be- 
 tweendifferentthings proposed ; election. 
 
 If you oblige me suddenly to chuse, 
 The choice is made, for I must both refuse. Dryd. 
 
 Soft elocution doth thy style renown. 
 Gentle or sharp, according to thy choice, 
 To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. Dryd. Persius. 
 
 2. Tlie power «f choosing ; election. 
 Choice there is not, unless the thing which we 
 
 take be so in our jjower, that we might have re- 
 fused it. If fire consume the stable, it chouscth 
 not so to do, because the nature thereof is such 
 that it can do no other. Hooker. 
 
 There 's no liberty like the freedom of having 
 it at my own choice, whether I will live to the 
 world, or to myself. VEslrange. 
 
 To talk of compelling a man to be good, is a 
 contradiction ; for where there is force, there can 
 be no choice. Whereas, all moral goodness con- 
 sisteth in the elective act of the understanding 
 will Crew's Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 Whether he will remove his contemplation from 
 one idea to another, is many times inliis choice. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. Care in choosing ; curiosity of distinc- 
 tion. 
 
 Julius CsEsar did write a collection of apoph- 
 thefins : it is pity his book is lost ; for I imagine 
 they were collected with judginent and choice. 
 
 Bacon's .'ipophthegms. 
 
 4. The thing chosen ; the thing taken, or 
 approved, in preference to others. 
 
 Your choice is not so rich in birth as beauty ; 
 That you might well enjoy her. Shakesp. 
 
 C H O 
 
 Take to thee, from among the cherubim. 
 
 Thy choice of flaming warriours. Milt. Par. Lost 
 
 Now, Alars, she said, let fame exalt her voice ; 
 
 Nor let thy conquests only be her choice. Prior. 
 
 5. The best part of any thing, that is more 
 
 properly the object of choice. 
 
 The choice and flower of all things profitable in 
 otlier books, the Psalms do both more briefly con- 
 tain, and more movingly also express. I^ooker. 
 Thou art a mighty prince : in the choice of our 
 sepulchres bury tliy dead. Genesis. 
 
 Their riders, the flow'r and choice 
 Of many provinces, from bound to bound. Milt. 
 G. Several things proposed at once, as ob- 
 jects of judgment and election. 
 
 A braver choice of dauntless spirits 
 Did never float upon the swelling tide. Shakesp. 
 7. To make Choice of. To choose ; to take 
 from several things proposed. 
 
 W^isdom of what herself apjiroves makes choice, 
 Nor is led captive by the common voice. Denham. 
 
 Choice, adj. [choisi, French.] 
 
 1 . Select ; of extraordinary value. 
 After liaving set before the kini; the choicest of 
 
 wines and fruils, he told hiui theliest part of his 
 entertainment was to come. Guardian. 
 
 Thus, in a sea of folly toss'd. 
 My choicest huma of life are lost. Swift. 
 
 2. Chary; frugal ; careful. Used of persons. 
 He that is choice of his time, will also be choice 
 
 of his company, and choice of his actions. 
 
 Taijlors Holy Living. 
 Cho'iceless. adj. [from choice.] With- 
 out the power of clioasing ; without 
 right of choice ; not free. 
 
 Neither the weight of the matter of which the 
 cylinder is made, lior the round voluble form of 
 
 It, are any more imputable to that dead choiceless 
 creature, than the first motion of it; and, there- 
 fore, it cannot be a fit resemblance to shew the 
 reconcileableness of fate with choice. Hammond. 
 
 Cho'icely. adv. [from choice.] 
 
 1. Curiously; with exact choice. 
 
 A band of men. 
 Collected choicely from each county some. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Valuably ; excellently. 
 It is certain it is choicely good. Waltcm's Angler. 
 
 Cho'iceness. n. s. [from choice.] Nicety; 
 particular value. 
 
 Carry into the shade such auriculas, seedlings, 
 or plants, as are for their choiceitess reserved in 
 pots. Evelyn's Kalendar, 
 
 CHOIR. 71. s. [chorus, Lat.] 
 
 1. An assembly or band of singers. 
 
 They now assist the choir 
 Of angels, who their songs admire. _ Waller. 
 
 2. The singers in divine worship. 
 
 The choir. 
 With all the choicest musick of the kingdom. 
 Together sung Te Deum. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The part of the church where the cho- 
 risters or singers are placed. 
 
 The lords and ladies, having brought the queen 
 To a prepar'd place in the choir, fell otT 
 At distance from her. Shakesp. 
 
 To CHOKE, v.a. [aceocan. Sax. from 
 ceoca the cheek or mouth. According 
 to Minshew, from 3n ; from whence, 
 piobably, the Spanish ahogar.] 
 
 1. To suffocate ; to kill by stopping the 
 passage of respiration. 
 
 But when to my good lord I prove untrue, 
 I'll choke myself. Shakesp. 
 
 While yu'u thunder'd, clouds of dust did choke 
 Contending troops. " ^""■• 
 
 2. To stop up ; to obstruct ; to block up 
 a passage. 
 
 Men troop'd up to the king's capacious court. 
 Whose porticos were chok'd with the resort. 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 304
 
 C H O 
 
 They are at a continual expence to cleanse the 
 
 ports, and keep) them from being clicked up, hy 
 
 the help of several engines. Addiscmon Itali^. 
 
 While pray'rs and tears his destiu'd progress 
 
 stay, 
 
 And crowds of mourners choke their sov'reipn's 
 
 way. TicJtell. 
 
 3. To hinder by obstruction or confine- 
 ment. 
 
 As two spent swimmers that do cling together, 
 And choke their art. Shakesp. 
 
 She cannot lose her perfect pow'r to see, 
 Tho' mists ajid clouds do choke her window-ligld. 
 
 Davie s. 
 
 It scenieth the fire is so choked, as not to bo 
 able to remove the stone. « Eacoii'sNat. Hist. 
 
 You must make the mould big enough to con- 
 tain the whole fruit, when it is grown 1o the great- 
 est ; fur else you will choke the spreadini; of ilie 
 fruit. Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 The fire, which chok'd in ashes lay, 
 A load too heavy for his soul to move. 
 Was upward blown below, and brush'd away by 
 love. Dryden. 
 
 4. To suppress. 
 
 And yet we ventur'd ; for the gain propos'd 
 Choked the respect of likely peril fear'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Confess ihee freely of thy sin : 
 For to deny each article wuh oath. 
 Cannot remove nor choke the strong conception 
 That 1 do groan withal. bhakesp. 
 
 5. To overpower. 
 
 And that which fell among thorns are they, 
 "which, when they have heard, go forth, and are 
 choked with cares, and riches, and pleasures of 
 this life, and bring no fruit to perfection. Luke. 
 
 No fruitful crop the sickly fields return ; 
 But oats and darnel choke the rising corn. 
 
 Dryden's Past. 
 
 Choke, n. s. [from the verb.] The fila- 
 mentous or capillary part of an arti- 
 choke. A cant word. 
 
 Choke-pear. n. s. [from choke and 
 pear.] 
 
 1 . A rough, harsh, unpalatable pear. 
 
 2. Any aspersion or sarcasm, by which 
 another is put to silence. A low term. 
 
 Pardon me for going so low as to talk of giving 
 choke-pears. Ctarissa. 
 
 Cho'ker. n. s. [from choke.] 
 
 1. One that chokes or suffocates another. 
 
 2. One that puts another to silence. 
 
 3. Any thing that cannot be answered, 
 Cho'ke-weed. n.s. [ervavs;ina.] A plant. 
 Cho'ky. adj. [from choke.] That which 
 
 has the power of suffocation. 
 Cholagogues. n. s. [x^^i"^ bile.] Me- 
 dicines which have the power of piu-giug 
 bile or choler. 
 
 CHO'LER. ;j. s. [cholera, Lat. from y»xi.] 
 
 1. The bile. 
 
 , i\Iarcilius Ficimus increases these proportions, 
 adding two more of pure choler. 
 
 Wotton on Education. 
 
 There would be a main defect, if such a feeding 
 
 animal, and so subject unto diseases from bilious 
 
 causes, should want a proper conveyance for cho- 
 
 ^. Broun s Vidt;. EiTours. 
 
 2. The humour which, by its super-abun- 
 dance, is supposed to produce irascibi- 
 lity. 
 
 It engenders choler, planteth anger ; 
 And better 'twere that both of us did fast. 
 Since, of ourselves, ourselves are cholerick, 
 TlKinfeed it with such over-roasted flesh. Shak. 
 
 3. Anger ; rage. 
 
 Put him to c/io/er straight : he hath been used 
 Ever to conquer, and to nave his word 
 Of contradiction. Shakesp. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 C H O 
 
 He, methinks, is no great scholar, 
 W ho can mistake desire for choler Prior. 
 
 Cho'lerick. adj. [choiiricus, Latin.] 
 
 1. Abounding with choler. 
 
 Our two great poets being so different in tlicir 
 tempers, tliu one cholerick and sanguine, the other 
 jjhiegnmtick anil nielancholick. Drydcn. 
 
 2. An^ry; irascible: of persons. 
 
 Bulj, in the raahi, was an honest plain-dealing 
 fellow, ckokrick, bold, and of a very unconstant 
 temper. Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. Angry; offensive: of words or actions. 
 
 There came in cholerick haste towards me about 
 seven (jr eight knights. Sidnci^. 
 
 Becanus threatcnelh all that rend hira, using his 
 confident, or rather c/jo/enc/c, speech. 
 
 Raleigh's Historxjcfthe World. 
 
 Cho'lerickness. n.s. [from cholerick.] 
 Anger; irascibility; peevishness. 
 
 To CHOOSE, r. a. I chosCy 1 have chosen, 
 or chose, [choisir, Fr. ceoj-an, Saxon. 
 kicserif Germ.] 
 
 1 . To take by way of preference of seve- 
 ral things offered ; not to reject. 
 
 Did I c/i(wse him out of all the tribes of Israel to 
 be my priest. 1 Sam. ii. 28. 
 
 I may neither choose whom T would, nor refuse 
 whom \ dislike. Shakesp. 
 
 If he should offer to choose, and choose the riglit 
 casket, you should refuse to perform your father's 
 will, if you should refuse to accept him. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To take ; not to refuse. 
 
 Let us choose to us judgment; let us know 
 amor^g ourselves what is good. Job. 
 
 The will has still so much freedom left as to en- 
 able it to choose any act in its kind good ; as also 
 to refuse any act in its kind evil. Smth'sSermoyis. 
 
 3. To select ; to pick out of a number. 
 How much less shall I answer him, and choose 
 
 out my words to reason with him ? Job. 
 
 4. To elect for eternal happiness; to pre- 
 destinate to life. A term of theologians. 
 
 To Choose, v. n. To have the power of 
 a choice between different things. It 
 is generally joined with a negati\'e, and 
 signifies must necessarily be. 
 
 Without the influence of the Deity supporting 
 things, their utter aainihilation could not choose 
 but follow. Hooker. 
 
 Knaves abroad. 
 Who having by their own importunate suit 
 Convinced or supplied them, they cannot choose. 
 But they must blab. Shakesp. 
 
 When a favourite shall be raised upon the foun- 
 dation of merit, then can he not choose but pros- 
 per. Bacon. 
 
 Threw down a golden appie in her way; 
 For all her haste, she could not choose but stay. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Those who are persuaded that they shall conti- 
 nue for ever, cannot choose but aspire after a hap- 
 piness commensurate to their duration. Tillotson. 
 
 Cho'oser. n. s. [from choose.] He that 
 has the power or office of choosing ; 
 elector. 
 
 Come all into this nut, quoth she ; 
 Come closely in, be rul'd by mc , 
 Each one niay here a. chooser be. 
 
 Fur room you need nut wrestle. Drayton. 
 
 In all things to deal with other men, as"^if I 
 
 mi^lit be my own chooser. Hammond's Pract. Cat, 
 
 This generality is not sufficient to make u good 
 
 choo'ier^ without a more particular contractioii of 
 
 his judgment. IVotton. 
 
 To CHOP. V. a. [kappcjij Dutch J coupci\ 
 
 French.] 
 1. To cut with a quick blow. 
 
 \\ hat shall we do, if we perceive 
 Lord Hastings will not yield to our complots? 
 
 — -^Chop off his head, man. Shakesp. 
 
 Within these three days his head is to b< chopt 
 off. Shakesp. 
 
 C H O 
 
 And where the cleaver chops the heifer's spoil, 
 Tliy breathing nostril hold. Goj» Trivia. 
 
 2. To devour eagerly : with «p. 
 
 You are for making a hasty meal, and for chop- 
 ping up jour entertainment like an hungry clown. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Upon the opening of his mouth lie drops his 
 breakfast, which (lie fox presently chopped up. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 3. To mince ; to cut into small pieces. 
 They break their bones, and chop them in pieces, 
 
 as for the pot. Micah. 
 
 Some granaries are made with clav.miicd with 
 hair, chopped straw, mulch, and such like. 
 
 , , _ Mortimer 5 Husbandry. 
 
 By dividing of them into chapters and verses, 
 they arc so Aopped and minced, and stand so 
 broken and divided, that the common people ukc 
 the verses usually for dirterent aphorisms. Locke. 
 
 4. To break into chinks. 
 
 I remember the cow's dugs, that her pretty 
 chopt hands had milked. Shakesp. 
 
 To Choi>. r. n. 
 
 1. To do any thing with a quick and un- 
 expected motion, like that of a blow : 
 as we !:ay, the wind chops about, that is, 
 changes suddenly. 
 
 If the body repercussing be near, and vet not 
 so near as to "make a concul-rent echo, it chappeth 
 witli you upon the sudden. Baeon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. To catch with the mouth. 
 
 Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the 
 shadow, and loses the substance. L'Lstrange. 
 
 3. To light or happen upon a thing sud- 
 denly : with upon. 
 
 To Chop. v. a, [ceapan, Sa.\. koopen, 
 Dut. to buy.] 
 
 1. To purchase, generally by way of 
 truck ; to give one thing for another. 
 
 The chopping of bargains, when a man buys not 
 to hold but to sell again, grindeth upon the seller 
 and the buyer. Bacon. 
 
 2. To put one thing in the place ofanother. 
 
 Sets up communities and senses. 
 To chop and change intelligences. Hudibras. 
 
 Affirm the 'I'rigons chopp'd and chang'd. 
 The watry with tlie fiery rang'd. liudibras. 
 
 W e go on chopping and changing our friends, as 
 well as our horses. L'Estrange. 
 
 3. To bandy; to altercate; to return one 
 thing or word for another. 
 
 Let not the council at the bar chop with the 
 judge, nor wind himself into the hantiling of tlie 
 cause a-new, after the judge hath declared his 
 sentence. Bacon. 
 
 \ ou'U never leave otTyour chopping of logick, 
 till your skin is turned over your earsYor prating. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Chop. ?;. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A piece chopped off. See Chip. 
 
 Sir William Cape! compounded for fifteen hun- 
 dred pounds ; vet Empson would have cut ano- 
 ther clwp out of him, if the king had not died. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. A small piece of meat, commonly of 
 mutton. 
 
 Old cross condemns all persons to be fops. 
 That can't regale themselves with mutton chops. 
 
 King's Cook. 
 
 3. A cr.ick, or cleft. 
 
 Water will make wood to swell ; as we see in 
 the filling of tlie chops of bowls, by laying them iii 
 water. Bacon. 
 
 Chop-house, n. s. [from chop and 
 house.] A mean house of entertainment, 
 where provision ready dressed is sold. 
 
 I lost my place at the chop-hou.v, where everv 
 man eats in publick a mess of broth, or chop of 
 meat, in silence. Spcttator. 
 
 CHOPIX. n.s. [French.] 
 Rr 
 
 305
 
 C H O 
 
 1. A French liquid measure, containing 
 nearly a pint of Winchester. 
 
 2. A term used in Scotland for a quart of 
 wine measure. 
 
 Cho'pping. pnrticlpial adj. [[n this 
 sense, of uncertain etymology.] An 
 epithet frequently applied to infants, by 
 way of ludicrous commendation : ima- 
 gined by Skinner to signify lusty, from 
 caj-, Sax. ; by others to mean a child 
 that would bring money at a market. 
 Perhaps a greedy, hungry child, likely 
 to live. 
 
 Both Jack Frecnmu and Ned Wild 
 Would own the fair and chopping child. Fenton. 
 
 Cho'pping-block. U.S. [chop andblock.] 
 A log of wood, on which any thing is 
 laid to be cut in pieces. 
 
 The slraiglit smo<tth chns are t;nod for axie- 
 trees, boards, chopphig-bloc^. Mortimer's Hujsb. 
 
 Chopping-knife. 71.S. [chop and knife.] 
 A knife with which cooks mince their 
 meat. 
 
 Here comes Dametas, with a sword hy his side, 
 a forest bill on Ids neck, and a chopping-knife un- 
 der his girdle. Sidney. 
 
 Cho'ppy. adj. [from chop.] Full of 
 holes, clefts, or cracks. 
 
 You seem to understand me. 
 By each at once her choppy finger laying 
 Upon her skinny lips, Shakesp. 
 
 Chops, n.s. without a singular, [cor- 
 rupted probablyfromCH APS, which see.] 
 
 1. The mouth of a beast. 
 
 So soon as my chops begin to walk, yours must 
 be walking too, for company. U Estrange. 
 
 2. The mouth of a man, used in con- 
 tempt. 
 
 He ne'er shook hands, nor bid farewel to him. 
 Till he unseam'd him from the nape to th' chops. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. The mouth of any thing in familiar 
 language ; as of a river.of a smith's vice. 
 
 Cho'ral. adj. [from chorus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Belonging to or composing a choir or 
 concert. 
 
 All sounds on fret by string or golden wire 
 Teraper'd soft tunings intermix'd with voice, 
 Choral or unison. Milton. 
 
 Choral symphonies. Milton. 
 
 2. Singing in a choir. 
 
 And choral seraphs sing the second day. 
 
 Amhurst. 
 
 CHORD, n. s. [chordu, Lat.] When it 
 signifies a rope or string in general, it is 
 written cord : when its primitive signi- 
 fication is preserved, the h is retained.] 
 
 1. The string of a musical instrinnent. 
 
 Who inov'd 
 Their stops and chords, was seen ; his volant touch 
 Instinct thro' all proportions, low and high, 
 Fled and pursued transverse the resonant fugue. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. [In geometry.] A right line, whicli 
 joins the two ends of any arch of a circle. 
 
 ToCuoRD. v.a. [from the noun.] To fur- 
 nish with strings or chords ; to string. 
 What passion cannot musick raise and quell ? 
 \^'hen Jubal struck the chorded shell. 
 His list'ning brethren stood around. Dryden. 
 
 Chorde'e. n. s. [from chorda, Lat.] A 
 contraction of the frcenum. 
 
 Cho'rion. n.s. [;^afer» to contain.] The 
 outward membrane that enwraps the 
 foetus. 
 
 CttO'RISTER. n. s. [from chorus.] 
 
 C H O 
 
 1 . A singer in cathedrals, usually a singer 
 of the lower order ; a singing boy. 
 
 2. A singer in a concert. This sense is, 
 for the most part, confined to poetry. 
 
 ^ And let the roaring organs loudly play 
 The praises of the Lord m lively notes ; 
 The whiles, with hollow throats. 
 The choristers the joyous anthem sing. Spenser 
 
 The new-born phtenix takes his way ; 
 Of airy choristers a numerous train 
 Attend his progress. Dryden. 
 
 The musical voices and accents of the aerial 
 choristers. Rai/ onthe Creation. 
 
 Choro'grapher. n.s. [from j^uj.) a re- 
 gion, and y^a(pu to describe.] He that 
 describes particular regions or countries 
 
 Chorogra'phical. adj. [SeeCHORo- 
 GRAPHER.] Descriptive of particular 
 regions or countries ; laying down the 
 boundaries of countries. 
 
 I have added a c'lmiio-rnp/iical description of this 
 terrestrial Paradise. Raleigh's History nftlie World. 
 
 Chorogra'phically. adv. [from cho- 
 rographical.] In a chorographical man- 
 ner ; according to the rule of chorogra- 
 phy ; in a manner descriptive of parti- 
 cular regions. 
 
 Choro'graphy. n*. [SeeCnoROGRA- 
 PHER.] The art or practice of describ- 
 ing particular regions, or laying down 
 the limits and boundaries of particular 
 provinces. It is less in its object than 
 geography, and greater than topography. 
 
 Cho'rus. n.s. [chorus, Latin.] 
 
 1. A number of singers ; a concert. 
 
 The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a 
 chorus of singers ; afterwards one actor was intro- 
 duced. Dri/den. 
 
 Never did a more full and unspotted chin-its of 
 human creatures join together in a hymn of devo- 
 tion. _ Addison. 
 
 In praise so just let every voice be jnin'd, 
 And fill the general chorus of mankind ! Pope. 
 
 2. The persons who are supposed to behold 
 what passes in the acts of a tragedy, and 
 sing their sentiments between the acts. 
 
 For supply. 
 Admit me chorus to this history. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The song between the acts of a tragedy. 
 
 4. Verses of a song in which the company 
 join the singer. 
 
 Chose, [the preter tense, and sometimes 
 
 the participle passive, from To choose.] 
 
 Our sovereign here above the rest might stand, 
 
 And here be clwse again to rule the land. Dryden. 
 
 Cho'sen. [the participle passive from To 
 
 choose.] 
 
 If king Lewis vouchsafe to furnish ns 
 With some few bands of chosen soldiers, 
 I'll undertake to land them on our coast. Shakesp. 
 
 Chough, n. s. [ceo. Sax. choucus, Fr.] 
 A bird which frequents the rocks by the 
 sea side, like a jackdaw, but bigger. 
 
 Hatimer. 
 
 In birds, kites and kestrels have a resemblance 
 
 with hawks, crows with ravens, daws and choughs. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 To crows the like impartial grace affords, 
 
 .\nd chouglis and daws, and such republick birds. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Choule. n. s. [commonly pronounced 
 and written Jo«'/. ] The crop of a bird. 
 
 The choule or crop adhering unto the lower side 
 of the bill, and so descending by the throat, is a 
 bag or sachel. Brown's Vulgar Erroitrs. 
 
 To Chouse, v.a. [The original of this 
 
 C H R 
 
 word is much doubted by Skinner, who 
 tries to deduce it from the French gfis- 
 ser to laugh at ; or joncher to wheedle ; 
 and from the Teutonick kosen to prattle. 
 It is perhaps a fortuitous and cant word, 
 without etymology.] 
 
 1. To cheat ; to trick ; to impose upon. 
 Freedom and zeal have ehous'd you p'^r and 
 
 o'er ; 
 Pray give us leave to bubble you once more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 From London they came, silly people to chouse. 
 
 Their lands and their faces unknown. Swift. 
 
 2. It has of before the thing taken away 
 by fraud. 
 
 When geese and pullen are seduc'd. 
 And sows »/■ sucking pigs are ehous'd. Hudihras. 
 
 Chouse, n. s. [from the verb.] This 
 word is derived by Henshaw from fciaM.s 
 or chiaus a messenger of the Turkish 
 court ; who, says he, is little better than 
 a/ooL] 
 
 1. A bubble; a tool; a man fit to be 
 cheated. 
 
 A sottish chouse. 
 Who, when a thief has robh'd his house. 
 Applies himself to cunning men. Hudibrm. 
 
 2. A trick or sham. 
 
 ToCho'wter. v.n. To grumble or mut- 
 ter like a froward child. Phillips. 
 
 Chrism, n.s. [xe'S^" an ointment.] Un- 
 guent, or unction : it is only applied to 
 sacred ceremonies. 
 
 One jict, never to be repeated, is not the thinj; 
 that Christ's eternal priesthood, denoted especi- 
 ally by his unction or chrism, refers to. 
 
 Hammond's Practical Catechis}n. 
 
 Chri'som. w.«. [See Chrism] A child 
 that dies within a month after its birth. 
 So called from the chrisom-cloth, a cloth 
 anointed with holy unguent, which the 
 children ancienti}' wore till they were 
 christened. 
 
 When the convulsions were but few, the num- 
 ber of chrisoms and infants was greater. 
 
 Graunt s Bills of Mortality. 
 
 To Chri'sten. v.a. [chpij-cnian. Sax.] 
 
 1 . To baptize ; to initiate into Christianity 
 by water. 
 
 2. To name ; to denominate. 
 
 Where such evils as these reign, christen the 
 thing what you will, it can be no better than a 
 mock millennium. Burnet, 
 
 Chri'stendom. n. s. [from Christ and 
 dom.] The collective body of Christian- 
 ity; the regions of which the inhabi- 
 tants profess the christian religion. 
 
 What hath been done, the parts of Christendom 
 most alHicted can best testify. Hooker. 
 
 An older and a better soldier, none 
 That Christendom gives out. Shakesp. 
 
 His computation is universally received over 
 
 all Christendom. Holder on Time. 
 
 Chri'stening. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 The ceremony of the first initiation into 
 
 Christianity. 
 
 The queen was with great solemnity crowned 
 at Westminster, about two j'ears after the mar- 
 riage ; tike an old christening that had staid long 
 fur godfathers. Bacon. 
 
 V>c shall insert the causes wh3' the account of 
 christenings hath been neglected more than that of 
 burials. Graunt. 
 
 The day of the christening being come, the 
 house was filled with gossips. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 CHRISTIAN. 71. s. [chrisfianits, Lat.] 
 A professor of the religion of Christ. 
 
 306
 
 C H R 
 
 We christians have certainly the best and tlie 
 
 holiest, the wisest and most reasonable, relipioii in 
 
 the world. Tillotson. 
 
 Chri'stian. adj. Professing the religion 
 
 of Christ. 
 
 I'll not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool, 
 To shake the liead, relent, and sigh, and yield 
 To christian intercessors. Shiikesp. 
 
 Christian-name. n.s. The name given 
 at the font, distinct from the gentilitious 
 name, or surname. 
 
 Chri'stianism. n. s. [chriatianismus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The christian religion. 
 
 2. The nations professing Christianity. 
 Christia'nity. n.s. [chrclunii, Fr.] 
 
 The religion of christians. 
 
 God doth will that couples, which are married, 
 both infidels, if either party be converted into 
 Christianity, this should not make separation. 
 
 Iloflher. 
 
 Every one, who lives in the habitual practice of 
 
 any voluntary sin,cutshini5elf off from christianiti). 
 
 Aiidisi^n. 
 
 ToChri'stianize. v. a. [from chrislian.] 
 To make christian ; to convert to Chris- 
 tianity. 
 
 The principles of Platonick philosophy, as it is 
 now christianized. Dryden. 
 
 Chri'stianly. adv. [from christian.] 
 Like a christian ; as becomes one who 
 professes the holy religion of Christ. 
 Christmas, n.s. [from Christ and massi] 
 The day on which the nativity of our 
 blessed Saviour is celebrated, by the 
 particular service of the church. 
 Christmas-box. 71. s. [from christmas 
 and box.^ A box in which little presents 
 are collected at Christmas. 
 When time comes round, a Christmas-box they 
 bear. 
 And one day makes them rich for all the year. 
 
 Golf s Trivia. 
 
 Christmas-flower, n. s. Hellebore. 
 
 Christ's-thorn. n. s. [So called, as 
 Skinner fancies, because the thorns have 
 some likeness to a cross.] A plant. 
 
 It hath lung sliarp spines : the flower has five 
 leaves, in form uf a rose : out of the flower-cup, 
 which is divided into several segments, rises the 
 pointal, which becomes a fruit, shaped like a bon- 
 net, having a shell almost globular, which is di- 
 vided into three cells, in each of which is contain- 
 ed a roundish seed. This is by many persons 
 supposed to be the plant from which our Saviour's 
 crown of thorns was composed. Miller. 
 
 Chroma'tick. adj. [x§w^a Colour.] 
 
 1 . Relating to colour. 
 
 I am^ now come to tlie third part of painting, 
 which is called the chromatick, or colouring. 
 
 Dryden s Diijresnoy. 
 
 2. Relating to a certain species of ancietit 
 musick, now unknown. 
 
 It was observed, he never touched his lyre in 
 such a truly c/iromatic/c and enharmonick manner, 
 Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 ChRo'NICAL. 1 ,. ri- . • -, 
 
 Chro'nick f "'y- [f'""'" JCe"'' ^'"^'^•1 
 
 A chronical distemper is of length ; as dropsies, 
 asthmas, and the like. Quinci/. 
 
 Of diseases some are chronical, and of long du- 
 ration : as quartane agues, scurvy, wherein we 
 defer the cure unto more advantageous seasons. 
 Sromn's Vulgar Erroitrs. 
 
 The lady's use of these excellencies is to divert 
 the old man when he is out of the pangs of a chro- 
 nical di stem per. Spectator. 
 
 CHRONICLE, n.s. [chronique, Fr. from 
 Xi''®' time.] 
 
 C H R 
 
 1 . A register or account of events in order 
 of time. 
 
 No more yet of this ; 
 For 'tis n chronicle of day by day. 
 Not a relation for a breakfast. Skakesp. 
 
 2. A history. 
 
 Vou lean loo confidently on those Irish chroni- 
 cles, which arc most fabulous and fortred. 
 
 Spcn.<ier on Ireland. 
 If from tlie fii-hJ I should return once more, 
 1 and my sword will cam nw chronicle. 
 
 Shakesp. /Uilomjand Clenp. 
 lam traduc'd by tonpnes, which neither know 
 My faculties nor person, yet will be 
 The chronicles of my doing. Shahesp. 
 
 1 give up to historians the generals and heroes 
 wliich croud their annals, together with those 
 which you are to produce for the British c/frrnHf/e. 
 
 Uri/dcn. 
 
 To Chro'nicle. r. fl, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To record in chronicle, or history. 
 
 This to rehearse, should rather be to chronicle 
 times than to search into refurmatiou of abuses in 
 that realm. Spenaer. 
 
 2. To register ; to record. 
 
 Fornow the Devil, that told me 1 did well, 
 Says that this deed is chronicled in hell. Shakesp. 
 
 Love is your master, for lie masters you : 
 And he that is so yoked by a fool, 
 Mcthinks, should not he chronicled for wise. Shak. 
 
 I shall be tlie jest of the town ; nay, in two days 
 I expect to be chronicled in ditty, and sung in 
 woeful ballad. Cont^reve. 
 
 Chro'nicler. n. s. [from chronicle.] 
 L A writer of chronicles ; a recorder of 
 
 events in order of time. 
 Here Kalheriii,'^ chroniclers, and by tliem stand 
 
 Giddy fantastick poets of each land. Donne. 
 
 2. A Historian; one that keeps up the me- 
 mory of things past. 
 
 I do herein rely upon these bards, or Irish 
 chroniclers. Spenser. 
 
 This custom was held by the Druids ann bards 
 of (lUJ ancient Britons, and of latter times by the 
 Irish chroniclers, called rimers. 
 
 Raleigh's History of the ]\'orld. 
 
 Chro'nogram. w. s. [x^ov^ time, and 
 y^a(pu to write ] An inscription includ- 
 ing the date of any action. 
 
 Of this kind the following is an ex- 
 ample : 
 
 Gloria lausque Deo, s^CLotVM in srecFla 
 sunto. 
 
 A cbronns;rammaticnl verse, which includes not 
 only this year, 1660, but numerical letters enough 
 to reach above a tiiousand years further, until 
 the year 2G67. Ihnctl. 
 
 Chronogramma'tical. adj. [from 
 chronogram^] Belonging to a chrono- 
 gram. See the last example. 
 
 Chronogra'mmatist. n.s. \fvomchro' 
 nos^ram.] A writer of chronograms. 
 
 There are foreign universities, where, as ■you 
 praise a man in England fur being an excellent 
 philosopher, or poet, il is an ordinary character 
 to be a great chronogrammatist . Addison. 
 
 Chrono'loger. n. .v. [xf&'*^ time, and 
 ^oy^ doctrine.] He that studies or ex- 
 plains the science of computing past 
 time, or of ranging past events according 
 to their proper years. 
 
 Chronologers dift'er among themselves about 
 most great epochas. Holder oyi Time. 
 
 Chronolo'gical. adj. [from chronolo- 
 gy.] Relating to the doctrine of time. 
 
 Thus much touching the chronoloaxcal account 
 of stuiie times and things past, without continiiii: 
 myself to the exactness of years. 
 
 Bales Origin o*' Mankind. 
 
 Chronolo'gicallv. odv, [from chro- 
 nological.] In a chronological manner ; 
 
 C II u 
 
 according to the laws or rules of chrono- 
 logy ; according to the exact series of 
 time. 
 Chrono'logist. n.s. [SeeCHRONo- 
 i.OGEr] One that studies or explains 
 time; one that ranges past events ac- 
 cording to the order of time ; a tliro- 
 nologcr. 
 
 According to these chrtmnlogiili, the prophecy 
 of the Kabiii, that the world sliould last but six 
 thousand years, has been loin; disproved, 
 
 Braum's Vulg. Krrf'urs. 
 
 All that learned noise and dust of tlie chrmtoto- 
 gisl is wholly to he avoided, huheon Eilueation. 
 
 Chronology, n.s. [xf'»'&- time, and 
 Aoy©- doctrine.] The science of comput- 
 ing and adjusting the periods of time ; 
 as the revohition oftlie sun and moon; 
 and of computing time past, and refer- 
 ring each e^ ent tti the projier year. 
 
 Aii<\ the measure of the year ntit being so per- 
 fectly known V) the ancients, rendered it verv 
 diflicult for them to transmit a true chronnlo^u xo 
 succeeding riffr-s. llotilcrivt I'ime. 
 
 Where I allude to the customs of the (jreeks, 
 I believe I may be justified by the strictest r/ir.>- 
 nology ; though a poet is not obliged to the rulei 
 that confine an historian. Prirr. 
 
 Chrono'meter. n.s. [from ;^;5o»®. and 
 IJiir^of.] An instrument for the exact 
 mensuration of time. 
 
 According to observation made with a pendu- 
 lum chronometer, a bullet, at its first discharge, 
 flies five hundred and ten yards in five half se- 
 conds. " Vethan. 
 
 Chry'salis. n.s. [from jj^w®- gold, he- 
 cause of the golden colour in the nym- 
 phfe of some insects.] A term used by 
 some naturalists for atirelia, or the first 
 apparant change of the maggot of anv 
 species of insects. Chamber.^. 
 
 Chry'solite. n. s. [x^icr<^ gol'l> a"'l 
 AiS©- a stone.] A precious stone of a 
 dusky green, with a cast of yellow. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Such another world. 
 Of one intire and perfect chrysolite, 
 I'd not h.Tve soM her for. Shahesp. 
 
 If metal, part seeni'd silver, part silver clear. 
 If stone, carbuncle most, orr/iri/so/fte. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lnst- 
 
 Chryso'prasus. n.s. [x^ia^ lioW, aiui 
 prti.ii nils green.] A precious stone of a 
 yellow colour, apjtroaching to green. 
 
 The ninth a topaz, the tenth a chnju'pras^is. }iei\ 
 
 CHl'B. 71. s. [from cop a great head, 
 Skinner.] .\ river fish. Tlie cheven. 
 
 The chnh is in prime from jM'diuay to Candle- 
 mas, but best ill winter. He is full ot small bon( s : 
 lie eats watcrisli ; not firm, but limn a:id taste- 
 less : nevertheless he ma^- be so dressed as to 
 make him very good meat. Walton'.'^ .-insler. 
 
 Chubbed. adj. [from chub.] Bigiieaded 
 like a chub. 
 
 To CHUCK. i:n. [A word probably 
 formed in imitation of the sound that it 
 expresses, or perhaps corrupted from 
 chick.] To make a noise like a hen 
 when she calls her chickens. 
 
 To Chuck, v. a. 
 
 1 . To call as a hen calls her young. 
 
 Then crowing, clapp'J his wings, th' appointed 
 c;dl. 
 To chuck bis wives together in the haU.Dryd.Fab. 
 
 2. To give a fjentle blow under the chin, 
 so as to make the mouth strike together. 
 
 307
 
 C H U 
 
 Come, chuch the infant under tlie chin, force a 
 smile, and cry, All, the boy takes after his mo- 
 ther's relations. Congreve. 
 
 Chuck, n.s. [from the vei-b.] 
 
 1. The voice of a hen. 
 
 He made the chuck four or five times, that peo- 
 ple use to make to chickens when they call tlicm. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 2. A word of endearment, corrupted from 
 chicken or chick. 
 
 Come, your promise. What promise, cAwc^-? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 S. A sudden small noise. 
 
 Chuck-farthing. «. s. [chuck and 
 
 farthin^.l A plaj', at which the money 
 
 falls with a chuck into the hole beneath. 
 
 He lost his money alcbuck-fartldn^, shuffle-cap, 
 and all-fours. Arbulhnot's Hist, of JoJin Hull. 
 
 To Chu'ckle. v. n. [schaecktn, Uut.] 
 To laugh vehemently; to laugh convul- 
 sively. 
 
 What tale shall I to my old father tell ? 
 'Twill make him chuckle thou'rt bestow'd so well. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 She to intrigues was e'en hard-hearted ; 
 She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior. 
 
 To Chu'ckle. v. a. [from chuck.] 
 
 1. To call as a hen. 
 
 1 am not far from the women's apartment, I am 
 sure ; and if these birds are witiiin distance, here's 
 that will chuckle 'em together. Dryden. 
 
 2. To cocker; to fondle. 
 
 Your confessor, that parcel of lioly guts and 
 garbidge ; he must chuckle you, and moan you. 
 DrudensSpunish Fntar. 
 
 Chu'et. n.s. [probably from 7 c/iejt'.] 
 An old word, as it seems, for forced 
 meat. 
 
 As for chuets, whicl) are likewise minced meat, 
 instead of butter and fat, it were good to moisten 
 them partly with cream, or almond or pistachio 
 milk. Bacon's Nut. Hist. 
 
 CHUFF, n.s. [A word of uncertain de- 
 rivation ; perhaps corrupted from chub, 
 or derived from kwf, Welsh, a stock.] 
 A coarse, fat-headed blunt clown. 
 
 Hang ye, gorbellied knaves, arc you undone ? 
 No, ye fat cfiufs, I would your store were here. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 A less generous chuffthaxi this in the fable, 
 
 would have hugged his bags to the last. VEstra. 
 
 Chu'ffily. adv. [from chiiffy.] Surlily ; 
 stomachfuUy. 
 
 John answered chuffily. Clarissa. 
 
 Chu'ffiness. n.s. [from c^u^.] Clown- 
 ishness; surliness. 
 
 Chu'ffy. adj. [from chuff.] Blunt ; sur- 
 ly; fat. 
 
 Chum. n. s. [chom, Armorick, to live to- 
 gether.] A chamber fellow: a terin 
 used in the universities. 
 
 Chump, n. s. A thick heavy piece of 
 wood, less than a block . 
 
 W^hen one is battered, they can quickly, of a 
 chump of wood, accommodate themselves with 
 another. Moion. 
 
 CHURCH, n. s. [ci^rce, Sax. Ky^iomti.] 
 
 1 . The collective body of cliristians, usual- 
 ly termed the catholick church. 
 
 The church, being a supernatural society, doth 
 ditfer fiom natural societies in this ; that tire per- 
 sons unto whom we associate ourselves in the one, 
 are men, simply considered as men ; but they to 
 whom we be joined in the other, are God, angels, 
 and holy men. Hooker. 
 
 2. The body of christians adhering to one 
 particular opinion, or form of worship. 
 
 C H U 
 
 The church is a religious assembly, or the large 
 fair building where they meet ; and sometimes 
 the same word means a "synod of bishops, or of 
 presbyters ; and in some places it is tlie pope and 
 a general council. Watts's Logick. 
 
 3. The place which christians consecrate 
 to the worship of God. 
 
 It comprehends tiie whole church, viz. the 
 nave, or body of the r/mrc/i, together with tlie 
 chancel, which is even included under the word 
 church. Aptiffe's Parergon. 
 
 That churches were consecrated unto none but 
 the Lord only, the very general name chiefly doth 
 sulficienlly shew : church doth signify no" other 
 thing than the Lord's house. Hooker. 
 
 Tho' you unty the winds, and let them fight 
 Against the churches. Shakes]}. 
 
 4. It is used frequently in conjunction 
 with other words; as chiirch-member, 
 the members of a church ; church-pow- 
 er, spiritual or ecclesiastical authority. 
 
 To Church. II. a. [from the noun.] To 
 perform with any one tlie office of return- 
 ing thanks in the church after any sig- 
 nal deliverance, as from the danger of 
 childbirth. 
 
 Church-ale. n.s. [from cAj<rcA and 
 ale.] A wake, or feast, commemoratory 
 of the dedication of the church. 
 
 For the church-ale, two young men of the pa- 
 rish are yearly chosen to lie wardens, who make 
 collection among the parishioners of what provi- 
 sion it pleaseth them to bestow. Careie. 
 
 Church-attire, n. s. The habit in 
 which men officiate at divine service. 
 
 These and such like were their discourses, 
 touching that church-attire, which with us, for the 
 most part, is used in publick prayer. Hooker. 
 
 Church-authority, n. 's. Ecclesiasti- 
 cal power; spiritual jurisdiction. 
 
 In this point of church-authoritii, 1 have sifted 
 all the little scraps alleged. " Atterhuri/. 
 
 Church-burial, n.s. Burial according 
 to the rites of the church. 
 
 The bishop has tlie care of seeing that all chris- 
 tians, after their deaths, be not denied church-hu- 
 rial, according to the usage and custom of the 
 place. ■ Aytiffe's Parergon. 
 
 Church-founder, n.s. He that builds 
 or endows churches. 
 
 Whether emperors or bishops in those days 
 were church-founders, the solemn dedication of 
 churches ibey thought not to be a work in itself 
 either vain or superstitious. Hooker. 
 
 Churchman, n. s. [church and man.] 
 
 1. An ecclesiastick ; a clergyman; one 
 that ministers in sacred things. 
 
 If any thing be offered to you, touching the 
 church and church-men, or church-government, 
 rely not only upon yourself. Bacon. 
 
 A very difficult work to do, to reform and re- 
 duce a church into order, that had been so long 
 neglected, and that was so ill filled by many weak 
 and more wilful churchmen. Clarendon. 
 
 Patience in want, and poverty of mind, 
 These marks of church ana churchmen he design'd, 
 And living taught, and dying left behind. 
 
 Drijdens Fables. 
 
 2. An adherent to the church of England. 
 
 Church-wardens, n. s. [See War- 
 den.] Officers yearly chosen, by the 
 consent of the minister and parishion- 
 ers, according to the custom of each 
 place, to look to the church, church- 
 yard, and such things as belong to both : 
 and to observe the behaviour of the pa- 
 rishioners, for such faults as appertain to 
 the jurisdiction or censure of the eccle- 
 
 C H U 
 
 siastical court. Tliey are a kind of cor- 
 poration, enabled by law to sue for any 
 thing belonging to their church, or poor 
 of their parish. Coweil, 
 
 There should likewise, church-wardens of the 
 gravest men in the parish, be appointed, as they 
 Be here in England. Spenser, 
 
 Our church-wardens 
 Feast on the silver, and give us the farthings. 
 
 Gatj. 
 
 Chu'rch-yard. ?i. s. The ground ad- 
 joining the church, in which the dead 
 are buried; a cemetery, 
 
 I am almost afraid to stand alone 
 Here in the church-yard, ^et I will adventure. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 In churchifards where (hey bury much, the earth 
 
 will consume the corps in'far snorter time than 
 
 otlier earth will. Bacon. 
 
 No place so sacred from such fops is barr'd ; 
 Nor is Paul's church more safe than Paul's c/mrc/i- 
 yard. Pope. 
 
 CHURL, n.s. [ceojil, Sax. carl, in Ger- 
 man, is strong, rusticks being always ob- 
 served to be strong bodied.] 
 
 1. A rustick ; a countrj'man ; a labourer. 
 
 He holdeth himself a gentleman, and scorneth 
 to work or use any hard labour, which lie saith is 
 the life of a peasant or churl. 
 
 Spenser^s State of Ireland. 
 One of the baser sort, which they call c/iHrii, 
 being reproved for his oath, answered confidently, 
 that his lord commanded him. 
 
 Spenser s State of Ireland, 
 Churl, upon thy eyes I tlirow 
 All the pow'r this charm doth owe. Shakesp. 
 
 From this light cause th' infernal maid prepares 
 The country churls to mischief, hate, and wars. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 
 
 A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for 
 gain or falsehood. Sklney. 
 
 3. A miser; a niggard ; a selfish or gree- 
 dy M' retch. 
 
 Poison, 1 see, hath been his timeless end ! 
 O churl, drink ail, and leave no friendly drop 
 To help me after ! Shake^. 
 
 Chu'rlish. adj. [from churl.] 
 
 1. Rude; brutal; harsh; austere; sour; 
 merciless ; unkind ; uncivil. 
 
 A sea of melting pearl, which some call tears. 
 Those at her father s churlish feet she tendcr'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The interruption of their churlish drums 
 Cuts off more circumstance ; they are at hand 
 To parly or to fight. Shakesp. 
 
 A lion in love with a lass, desired her father's 
 consent. The answer was churliah enoueh : He'd 
 never marry his daughter to a brute. V^Estrange. 
 
 He the pursuit of churlish beasts 
 Preferr'd to sleeping on her breasts. Waller. 
 
 2, Selfish; avaricious. 
 
 The man was churlish and evil in his doings. 
 
 1 Samuel. 
 This sullen churlish thief 
 Had all his mind plac'd upon Mully's beef. King. 
 
 3. [Of things.] Unpliant; cross-grained; 
 unmanageable; harsh; not yielding. 
 
 If there be emission of spirit, the body of the 
 metal will be hard and churlish. Bacojis K^at.Hist. 
 
 The Cornish were become, like metal often 
 fired and quenched, churlish and that would 
 sooner break than bow. Bacon's Hen. VII. 
 
 In the hundreds of Essex they have a very 
 churlish blue claj'. Mortimer's Hv^andry. 
 
 4, Vexatious; obstructive. 
 
 Will you again unknit 
 This churlish knot of all abhorred war? Shakesp. 
 
 Spain found the war so churlish and longsonie^ 
 as they found they should consume themselves iii 
 an endless war. Bacon. 
 
 Spreads a path as clear as the day^ 
 Where no churlish rub says nay. Crashaw. 
 
 308
 
 C H Y 
 
 Churlishly, adv. [from churlish.] 
 Rudely ; brutally. 
 
 To the oak, now regnant, tlie olive did churlishtif 
 put over the son for a reward of tlic service of hfs 
 sire. Howel. 
 
 Chu'rlishness. n. s. [(rom churlish ; 
 cypiij*cnej-j-e, Saxon.] Brutality ; rug- 
 gedness of manner. 
 
 Better is the churlishness of a man, than a cour- 
 teous woraan. Ecctus. xlii. 14. 
 
 In tlier/iur/ii/i;ifss of fortune, a poor honest man 
 suffers in this world. L'Estrangc. 
 
 Churme. ti. s. [more properly chirm, 
 from the Saxon cypme, a clamour or 
 noise ; as to chirre is to coo as a turtle.] 
 A confused sound ; a noise. 
 
 He was conveyed to the tower, with ther/i«rmf 
 of a thousand taunts and reproaches Bacun. 
 
 CHURN, n.s. [properly cAern, from to-», 
 Dutch; cejiene, Sax.] The vessel in 
 which the butter is, by long and vio- 
 lent agitation, coagulated and separated 
 fi'om the serous parts of the milk. 
 
 Her aukward fist did ne'er employ the churn. 
 
 Crai/^s Pastorals. 
 
 To Churn, v. a. [kernen, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To agitate or shake any thing by a vio- 
 lent motion. 
 
 Perchance he spoke not ; but 
 Like a fuU-acom'd boar, ^churning on. 
 Cried Oh. ShaKesp. 
 
 Troth fills his chaps j he sends a grunting 
 sound. 
 And part he chums, and part befoams the ground. 
 
 Vryden. 
 ChuiWd iu his teeth the foamy venom rose. 
 
 .itldisivi. 
 
 The mechanism of nature, in converting our 
 
 aliment, consists in mixing with it animal juices, 
 
 and in the action of the solfd parts, churnhig them 
 
 together. Arbuthnot on AUmeiUs. 
 
 2. To make butter by agitating the milk.] 
 The churning of milk bringeth forth butter. 
 
 I'roverhs. 
 You may try the force of imagination, upon 
 staying the coming of butter after the churning. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Flist. 
 
 Churrworm. n. s. [from cyppan. Sax.] 
 An insect that turns about nimbly ; 
 called also a fancricket. 
 
 Skinner. Phillips. 
 To Chuse. See To Choose. 
 Chyla'ceous. adj. [from chyle.] Be- 
 longing to chyle ; consisting of chyle. 
 
 When tlie spirits of the cliyle hare Iialf fer- 
 mented the chiflaceous mass, it has the state of 
 drink not ripened by fermentation. 
 
 Flovcr on the Humours. 
 
 CHYLE, n. s. [x^'a'&'.] The white juice 
 
 formed in the stomach by digestion of 
 
 the aliment, and afterwards changed 
 
 into blood. 
 
 This powerful ferment, mingling with the parts. 
 The leven'd mass to milky cliiile converts. 
 
 Blackmor 
 The chyle cannot pass through the smallest ves- 
 sels. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Chylifa'ction. n. s. [from chyle.] The 
 act or process of making chyle in the 
 body. 
 
 Drinking excessively during the time of chiiU- 
 factim, stops perspiration. Arbuthnot on .ilimtnls. 
 
 Chylifa'ctive. adj. [from cht/lits, and 
 Jacio, to make, Lat.] Having the power 
 of making chyle. 
 
 Chylopoe'tick. adj. [xi>^&- and wonu.] 
 Having the power, or the office, of form- 
 ing chyle. 
 
 C I c 
 
 According to the force of the ehylopoeticlt organs, 
 more or less chyle may be extracted from the same 
 food. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Chylous, adj. [from chyle.] Consisting 
 of chyle; partaking of chyle. 
 
 Milk is the chylous part of an animal, already 
 prepared. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Chy'mical.! ^. f,yi Vks, Lat.] 
 Chymick. J •/ 1- ./ J 
 
 1. Made by chymistry. 
 
 I'm tir'd with waiting for this c/i.vn"'rfc gold. 
 Which fools us young, and beggars us when old. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The medicines are ranged in boxes, according 
 to their natures, whether chymical or Galenical 
 preparations. 3 Watts. 
 
 2. Relating to chymistry. 
 
 Methinks already, from this chymick flame, 
 I see a city of more precious mold. Dryden. 
 
 With cliumick art exalts the mineral pow'rs. 
 And draws the aromatick sonls of tlow rs. Pope. 
 Chy'mic. n.s. A chyroist. Obsolete. 
 
 The ancients observing in that material a kind 
 of metallic n.ature, seem to have resolved It juto 
 nobler use : an art now utterly lost, or perchance 
 kept up by a few chifmics. Wotton. 
 
 Chy'mically. adv. [from chymical.] In 
 
 a chymical manner. 
 CHYMIST. n.s. [See Chymistry.] A 
 
 professor of chymistry; a philosopher 
 
 by fire. 
 The starving chymist, in his golden views 
 
 Supremely blest. Pope's Essay on Man. 
 
 Chymistry. n.s. [derived by some from 
 jjt/i©- juice, or kvu to melt ; by others 
 from an oriental word, kema black. Ac- 
 cording to the supposed etymology, it 
 is written with y or e.] 
 
 An art whereby sensible bodies contained In 
 vessels, or capable of being contained therein, are 
 so changed by means of certain instruments, and 
 principally fire, that their several powers and vir- 
 tues are thereby discovered, with a view to philo- 
 sophy or medicine. Boerhaare. 
 
 Operations ofchymistrij fall short of vital force : 
 no clyraist can make milk or blood of grass. 
 
 .'irbuth7wt on .itiments. 
 
 ClBA'Rlovs.adj. [cibarius, Lat. from ci- 
 bus food.] Relating to food ; useful for 
 food ; edible. 
 
 Ci'bol. n.s. [ciboulr, Fr.] A small sort 
 of onion used in sallads. This word is 
 common in the Scotch dialect ; but the 
 / is not pronounced. 
 
 Ciboules, or scallious, are a kind of degenerate 
 onions. Mortimer. 
 
 CI'C.\TI!ICE. 7 r . , .^ T fi 
 
 CrC VTRIX C "■ ''■ i^"^'^^"''^' ^^'-J 
 
 1. Tlie scar remaining after a wound. 
 
 One captain Spurio, with bis cicatrice, an em- 
 blem of war, here on his sinister cheek. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A mark ; an impression : so used by 
 Shakespeare less properly. 
 
 Lean but upon a rush. 
 The cicatrice and capable impressure 
 Thy palm some moments keeps. Shakesp. 
 
 Cicatri'sant. n. s. [from cicatrice.] 
 An application that induces a cicatrice. 
 
 Cicatri'sive. adj. [from cicatrice.] Hav- 
 ing the qualities proper to induce a cica- 
 trice. 
 
 Cicatriza'tion. n.s. [from cicatrice.] 
 
 1. The act of healing the wound. 
 
 .\ vein hursted, or corroded, in the lungs, is 
 looked upon to be for the most part incurable, be- 
 cause of the motion and coughing of the lungs tear- 
 ing the gap wider, and hindering the conglutina- 
 tion and cicatrisation of the vein. Haney. 
 
 C I L 
 
 2. The state of being healed, or skmned 
 over. 
 
 The first stage of healing, or the discharge of 
 matter, is called digestion; the second, or the 
 filling up with flesh, incarnation ; and the last, 
 or skinning over, cicatrizaticm. Shaq)'s Surgery. 
 
 To Cicatrize, v. a- [from cicatrix.] 
 1 . To apply such medicines to wounds, 
 or ulcers, as heal and skin them over. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 To heal'and induce the skin over a sore. 
 
 We incarneil, ;.n(l in a few days ciculriud it 
 
 with a smooth cicatrix. JVisemanon Tumours. 
 
 Cl'cELY. n. s. [myrrhus.] A sort of herb. 
 
 Cichora'ceous. adj. [from cichorium, 
 
 Lat.] Having the qualities of succory. 
 
 piurelicks evacuate the salt serum ; as all acid 
 
 diureticks, and the testaceous and bitter cichora- 
 
 ceous plants. Fioucr. 
 
 Cich'-pease. n. s. [cicer.] .\ plant. " 
 
 7b CICUR.\TE. v.a. [riciirn, Lat.] To 
 
 tame; to reclaim from wildness; to 
 
 make tame and tractable. 
 
 Poisons may yet retain some portion of their 
 natures ; yet are so refracted, cicurated, and sub- 
 dued, as not to make good liicir destructive ma- 
 lignities. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Cicu'ration. n.s. [from c/a<ja/f.] The 
 act of taming or reclaiming from wild- 
 ness. 
 
 This holds not only In domestick and mansuete 
 birds, for then it might be the elfect of cicuratu^i 
 or institution ; but in the wild. Ruy on the Creation. 
 
 CI'DER. n.s. [cidre, Fr. sidra, Itai. sict- 
 ra, Lat. cmi^a., .'yyif] 
 
 1. All kind of strong liquors, except wine. 
 This sense is now wholly obsolete. 
 
 2. Liquor made of the juice of fruits 
 pressed. 
 
 We had also drink, wholesome and good nine 
 of the grape, a kind of cider made of a fruit of that 
 country ; a wonderful pleasing and refreshing 
 drink. _ Bacon. 
 
 3. The juice of apples expressed and fer- 
 mented. This is now the sense. 
 
 To the utmost bounds of this 
 Wide universe Silurian ctWerbuni, 
 Shall please all tastes, and triumph o'er the vine. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 Ci'derist. n.s. [from cirfrr.] A maker 
 of cider. 
 
 \^"hen the ciderists have taken care for the best 
 fruit, and ordered them after the best manner they 
 could, yet hath their cider generally proved pale, 
 sharp, and ill tasted. Mortimer. 
 
 Ci'derkin. n.s. [from cirft'r.] 
 
 A low word used for the liquor made of the 
 nmrk or gross matter of apples, after the cider is 
 pressed out, and a convenient quantity of boiled 
 water added to it ; the whole infusing for about 
 forty-eight hours. Phillips's Wo^dof Words, 
 
 Culerkin is made for common drinking, and sup- 
 plies the place of small beer. Mortimer. 
 
 CiELiNG. n.s. See Ceiling. 
 
 CIERGE. n.s. [French.] A candle car- 
 ried in processions. 
 
 Ci'liary. adj. [cilium, Lat.] Belonging 
 to the eyelids. 
 
 The ciliary processes, or ratJier the ligaments, 
 observed inthe inside of the sclerotick tunicles 
 of the eye, do serve instead of a muscle, by the 
 contraction, to alter the figure of the eye. 
 
 Ray on t}ie Creatitm. 
 
 CiLi'cious. adj. [from ciVic jam haircloth, 
 Lat.] Made of hair. 
 
 A garment of camel's hair, that is, made of 
 some texture of that hair ; a coarse garment, a 
 citicious or sackcloth habit, suitable to the auste- 
 rity of his life. Brown's Vulg.Err. 
 
 309
 
 C I N 
 
 Cima'r. See SiMAK. 
 
 ClMELIARCH 71. S. [from >t«^^n^l«5;(;^I;.] 
 
 The chief keepei- of plate, vestments, 
 and things of value, belonging to a 
 church ; a church-warden. Diet. 
 
 Ci'meter. n.s. [cimUarra, Span. and Por- 
 tug. from r/ri;H(/(iV, Turkish. Bluteau's 
 Portuguese Diet.] A sort of sword used 
 by the Tui-Us, short, heavy, and reeur- 
 vated, or bend backward. This word is 
 sometimes erroneously spelt scimitar, 
 and scy miter \ as in the following ex- 
 amples. 
 
 By this srimifar, 
 That slew llie sopliy and a Persian prince, 
 That won three lielcis of sultan Soiy man. Skakesp. 
 
 Our anuours now may rust, our idle sri/mi(ers 
 Hang by our sides for ornament, not use. Dryden. 
 
 Ci'ncture. n. s. [cinclura, Lat.] 
 
 1 . .Something worn round the body. 
 
 Now liappy he, whose cloak and cincture 
 Hold out this tempest. Shakesp. 
 
 Coluiuhus found th' American so girt 
 With fealher'd cincture, naked else, and wild. 
 
 Miltm. 
 He binds the sacred cinct»re round his breast. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. .\n inclosure. 
 
 The court and prison being within the cincture 
 of one wall. Bucou's IlenryXil. 
 
 S. [In architectiu-e.] A ring or list at the 
 top and bottom of the shaft of a column ; 
 separating the shaft at one end from the 
 
 ■ base, at the other from the capital. It is 
 supposed to be in imitation of the girths 
 or ferrils anciently used to strengthen 
 and preserve the primitive wood co- 
 lumns. Chambers. 
 
 CINDER, n.s. [ceindre, Fr. from cineres 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . A mass ignited and quenched, without 
 being reduced to ashes. 
 
 I should make very forges of my cheeks. 
 That would to cinders bum up modesty. 
 Did I but sjieak thv deeds ! Shakesp. 
 
 There is ni smithes cinders, by some adhesion of 
 iron, sometimes to be found a magnetical opera- 
 tion. Broun. 
 
 So snow on .i^tua does unmelted lie, 
 Whose rolling flames and scattered cinders fly. 
 
 iCaller. 
 
 2. A hot coal that has ceased to flame. 
 
 If from adown the hopeful chops 
 The fat upon a cinder drops, 
 To stinking smoke it turns the flame. Su-if't. 
 
 CiNDER-WENCH. 1 n.s. [cinder and wo- 
 CiNDER-woMAN. J »ifln.] A woman 
 whose trade is to rake in heaps of ashes 
 for cinders. 
 
 'Tis under so much nasty rubbi.'.h laid. 
 To find it out's the cinder-womaii^s trade. 
 
 Essay on Satire 
 She had above five hundred suits of finecloaths, 
 and yet went abroad like a cinder-u-ench. 
 
 Arbnthnot^s Hist, of John Bull. 
 In the black form o( cinder-u^ench she came. 
 When love, the hour, the place had banish'd 
 shanic. Gau- 
 
 CINERATION. n.s. [from cineres, Lat.] 
 The reduction of any thing bj- fire to 
 ashes. A term of chvniislry. 
 
 Cineri'tiois adj. [cincricin.'!, Lat] 
 Having the form or stale of ashes. 
 
 The nerves arise from the glands of the cineri- 
 tions part of the brain, and are terminated in all 
 parts of the body. Cheijne. 
 
 Cine'rvlent. adj. [from cineres, Lat.] 
 Full of ashes. Did. 
 
 C I o 
 
 Cl'Nr.LE n *. [from ci/i^-u/mwi, Lat.] A 
 girth for a horse. Diet. 
 
 Cinnabar, n. s. [r innnAoWs, Lat.] Cin- 
 nabar is native or factitious: the facti- 
 tious cinnabar is called vermilion. 
 
 Cinnabar is the ore out of which quicksilver is 
 drawn, and consists partly of a mercurial, and 
 partly of a sulphureo-ochreous matter. 
 
 Woodward's Met. Fossils. 
 The particles of mercury uniting with the par- 
 ticles of sulphur, composeVitmaftur. Newtnn'sOpt. 
 
 Cinnabar of Antimony, is made of 
 mercury, sulphur, and crude antimony. 
 
 Ci'nnamon. n.s. [cinnamomum, Lat.] 
 The fragrant bark of a low tree in the 
 island of Ceylou. Its leaves resemble 
 those of the olive, both as to substance 
 and colour. The fruit resembles an acorn 
 or olive, and has neither the smell nor 
 taste of the bark. When boiled in wa- 
 ter, it yields an oil, which, as it cools and 
 hardens, becomes as firm and white as 
 tallow ; the smell of which is agreeable 
 in candles. The cinnamon of the an- 
 cients was different from ours. Chambers. 
 
 Let Araby extol her happy coatt. 
 Her cinnamon and sweet amomum boast. Dn/.Fafe. 
 
 Cinna.mon Water, is made by distilhng 
 the bark, first infused in barley water, in 
 spirit of wine, or white wine. Chambers. 
 
 CINQUE, n.s. [French.] A five. It is 
 used in games alone ; but is often com- 
 pounded with other words. 
 
 Cinque-foil. n. s. [cinque feuille, Fr.] 
 A kind of five-leaved clover. 
 
 Cinque-pace. n.s. [cinque jias,Yr.] A 
 kind of grave dance. 
 
 _ Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is a Scotch 
 jig, a measure, and a cinque-pace. The lirst suit 
 is hot and hasty, like a Scoiclijig, and fullas fan- 
 tastical; the wedding, mannerly and modest, as 
 a measure full of state and gravity ; aird then 
 comes repentance, and, with his bad legs, falls 
 into the cinque-pace faster and faster, till he sinks 
 into Ills grave. Shake^. 
 
 Cinque-ports, n.s. [cinque ports, Tr.l 
 
 Those havens that lie towards France, and 
 therefore have been thought by our kings to be 
 such as ought most vigilantly to be observed 
 against invasion. In w'hich respect, the places 
 wTiere they are have a special governour or keep- 
 er, called by his otfice Lord Warden of the cinque 
 ports; and divers privileges granted to them, as a 
 jiarticular jurisdiction ; their warden bavins the 
 authority of an admiral among them, and sending 
 out writs iu his own name. 1 he cin^iieport^ are 
 Dover, Sandwich, Rye, Hastings, \Vinchelsea, 
 Rumney, and Hiihe ; sonieof whTcli, as the num- 
 ber exceeds five, must either be added to the first 
 institution by suine later grai\t, or accrmnted as 
 appendants to some of the rest. CowelL 
 
 They, that bear 
 The cloth of state above her, are four barons 
 Of the ciiujue poru. Shakesp. 
 
 CiNQUE-SPOTTED.flf//. Having five spots. 
 On her left breast 
 A mole, cinque spotted, like the crimson drops 
 I tir bottom of a cowslip. Shakesp. 
 
 Cl'oN. n. s. [sion, or scion, French.] 
 
 1 . \ sprout ; a shoot from a plant. 
 
 We have reason to cool our raging motions, our 
 carnal stings, our unbilled lusts ; whereof I take 
 this, that you call love ; to be a sect orcion. Shak. 
 
 The sla'tely Caledonian oak, newly settled in 
 his triumphant throne, begirt with cinns of liis own 
 royal stem. Howell. 
 
 2. The shoot engrafted or inserted on a 
 stock. 
 
 C I R 
 
 Tlie cim orer-ruleth the stock ; and the stock is 
 but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to 
 the graft. Bacmu 
 
 CIPHER, n.s. [ch i/re, Tr. zifra, Ital 
 ci/ra, low Lat. from an oriental root.] 
 
 1. An arithmetical character, by which 
 some number i."* noted ; a figure. 
 
 2. An arithmetical mark, which, standing 
 for nothing itself, increases the value of 
 the other figures. 
 
 ^ Mine were the very cipher of a function. 
 To find the faults, whose fine stands in record. 
 And let go by the actor. Shakesp. 
 
 If the people be somewhat in the election, you 
 cannot make them nulls or ciphers in the privation 
 or translation. Bacon. 
 
 As, in accounts, ciphers and figures pass for real 
 sums, so names [jass fur things. South. 
 
 3. .'\n intertexture of letters engraved usu- 
 ally on boxes or plate. 
 
 Troy fiam'd in burnish'd gold ; and o'er the 
 throne, 
 Ah.ms and the Man in golden ciphers shone. 
 
 Pope. 
 Some mingling stir the melted tar, and some 
 Deep on the new-shorn vagrant's heaving side 
 To stamp the master's cipher ready standi Thorns. 
 ■i. A character in general. 
 
 In succeeding limes this wisdom began to be 
 written in ciphers and characters, and letters bear- 
 ing the form of creatures. 
 
 Raleigh's History of the World. 
 .5. A secret or occult manner of writing, 
 or the key to it. 
 
 This book, as long liv'd as the elements. 
 
 In cipher writ, or new-made idioms. Donne. 
 
 He was pleased to command me to stay at I..on- 
 
 di.u, to send and receive all his letters ; and I vvas 
 
 furnished with nine several ciphers, in order to ii, 
 
 Vejlhum. 
 
 To Cipher, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 practise arithmetick. 
 
 Von have been bred to business ;you cmt cipher: 
 I wonder you never use'd your pen and ink. 
 
 .irbuthnot. 
 
 To Cl'pHER. v.a. To write in occult cha- 
 racters. 
 
 He frequented sermons, and penned notes : his 
 notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Havre. 
 
 To CiRClNATE. r.a. [circitio, l^t] To 
 make a circle ; to compass round, or turn 
 round. Dailey. 
 
 CiRciNATiON. n.s. [circinatio, hut.] 
 An orbicular motion ; a turning round ; 
 a measuring with the compasses. Bailey. 
 
 CI'RCLE. n. s. [circu/us, Latin.] 
 
 1. A line continued till it ends where it 
 begun, having all its parts equidistant 
 from a common centre. 
 
 Any thing that moves round about in a circle, 
 in less time than our ideas are wont to succeed 
 one another in our minds, is nut perceived to 
 move ; but seems to be a perfect intire circle of 
 that matter, or colour, and not a part of a circle in 
 motion. Locke. 
 
 By a ciiffe I understand not here perfect geo- 
 metrical circle, but an orbicular figuie, whose 
 length is equal to its breadth ; and which, as to 
 sense, may seem circular. Newton sOpticks. 
 
 Then a deeper still 
 la circle following c/rc/e, gathers lound 
 To close the face of things. Thomson's SuTnm. 
 
 2. The space included in a circular line. 
 
 3. A round body ; an orb. 
 
 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. 
 
 Isaiah, 
 
 i. Compass; inclosure. 
 
 A great magician. 
 Obscured in the circle v{ the forest. Shakesp. 
 
 5. All assembly surrounding the principal 
 person. 
 
 310
 
 C I R 
 
 To have a boi where eunuchs sing, 
 Aad, foremost iu the circU, eye a king. 
 
 Pope's Horace. 
 
 6. A company ; an assembly. 
 
 I wiU call over to him the whule circle of beau- 
 ties that are disposed among the boxes. Addison. 
 
 Ever since that time, Lisauder visits in every 
 circfc. TatUr. 
 
 7. Any series ending as it begins, and 
 perpetually repeated. 
 
 There be fruit trees in hot countries, which have 
 blossoms and youiii; fruit, and young fruit and 
 ripe fruit, almost ail the 3'ear, succeeding one ano- 
 tlier ; but this circle of ripening cannot be but in 
 succulent plants, and hoi countries. Bacon. 
 
 Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. 
 Arid the year rolls within itself again. Drtjd.Virg. 
 
 8. An inconclusive form of arfrunient, in 
 which the foregoing proposition is pro- 
 ved by the following, and tbe following 
 proposition inferred from the foregoing. 
 
 That heavy bodies descend by sravity ; and 
 again, t^at gravity is a quality whereby an heavy 
 body descends, is an impertinent circle, and teacti- 
 eth nothing. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 That fallacy, called a circle, is when one of the 
 premisses in a syllogism is questioned and oppo- 
 sed, and we intend to prove it by the conclusion. 
 Watts^s Logick. 
 
 9. Circumlocution; indirect form of 
 words. 
 
 Has be given the lye 
 In circle or oblique, or semicircle. 
 Or direct parallel ? You must challenge him. 
 
 Fletcher's Queen of'Ctyrinth. 
 
 10. Cirdesof the German Empire, Such 
 provinces and principalities as have a 
 right to be present at diets. They are 
 in number ten. Treioux. 
 
 To Ci'rcle. I', a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To move round any thing. 
 
 The lords, that were ajipointed to circle the hill, 
 had some days before planted themselves in places 
 convenient. Bacon. 
 
 Another Cynthia her new journey runs. 
 And other planets circle other snns.Pope'sDunciad, 
 
 2. To inclose; to surround. 
 
 What stern ungentle hands 
 Have lopp'd and hew'd, and made thy body bare 
 Of her two branches, those sweet ornamcn'.s, 
 Whosecirc/i/i^ shadows kings have sought to sleep 
 in.' " Shakesp. 
 
 While these fond arms, thus circling you, may 
 prove 
 More heavy chains than those of hopeless love. 
 
 Prior, 
 Unseen, he glided thro' the joyous crowd. 
 With darkness circled and an ambient cloud. Pope. 
 
 3. To circle in. To confine; to keep toge- 
 ther. 
 
 We term those thing dry which have a consist- 
 ence within themselves, and which, to enjoy a 
 determinate figure, do not require the stop or 
 hindrance of another body to hmit and circle them 
 *". Digby on Bodies. 
 
 To Ci'rcle. r. n. To move circularly ; 
 to end where it begins. 
 
 The well frauglit bowl 
 Circles incessant ; whilst the humble cell 
 With quavering laugh and rural jests resounds. 
 
 Philipt, 
 Now the circling years disclose 
 Tbe day predestin'cf to reward his woes. Pope'sOd. 
 Ci'rcled. adj. [from circie.] Having the 
 form of a circle ; round. 
 
 Th' inconstant moon, 
 That monthly changes in her circled orb. Shakesp. 
 
 Ci'rclet. n,s. [from circle.] A circle ; 
 an orb : properly a little circle. 
 
 Then take repast, till Hesperus display'd 
 His golden circlet in the western shade. Pope'sOd. 
 
 Circling, participial adj. [from7ociV- 
 
 C I R 
 
 cle.] Having the form of a circle ; cir- 
 cular ; round. 
 Hound he surveys, and well might, where he 
 stood 
 So hiph above the circling canopy 
 Of night's extended shade. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 CIRCUIT, n. s. [circuity Fr. circuituSy 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of moving round any thing. 
 
 There are four moons also perpetually f^iline 
 round ihe I'lanet Jupiter, and carried al<ing witti 
 hira in his periodical circidt round the sun. 
 
 }\'atiion the Mind. 
 
 2. The space inclosed in a circle. 
 
 He led me up 
 A woody mountain, whose higli tof) was plain, 
 A circuit wide inclos'd. MiUim's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Space; extent; measured by travelling 
 round. 
 
 He attributeth unto it sraalhiess in respect of 
 circuit. Hooker. 
 
 The iakeofBolsena is reckoned one-and-twcniy 
 miles in circuit. Addistm on Italy. 
 
 4. A ring ; a diadem ; that by which any 
 thing is incircled. 
 
 And this fell tempest shall not cease to rage. 
 Until the 2olden circuit on my head 
 Do calm the fury ufthis niad-brain'd flaw. Shak. 
 
 5. The visitations of the judges for hold- 
 ing assizes. 
 
 The circuits, in former times, went but round 
 abuut the pale j as the circuit of the cynosura 
 abi'ut the pole. Varies. 
 
 6. The tract of country visited by the 
 judges. 
 
 7. Long deduction of reason. 
 
 Up into the watch tower get. 
 And see all things despoil'd of fallacies ; 
 Thou shalt not peep thro' lattices of eves, 
 Nor hear ihro' labyrinths of ears, nor learn 
 By circnit or collections to discern. Donne. 
 
 ClRCV IT of action. [Inlaw.] Is a longer 
 course of proceeding to recover the 
 thing sued for than is needful. Cowell. 
 
 Ty Ci'rccit. v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 move circularly. 
 
 Pining with equinoctial heat, unless 
 The cordial cup perpetual motion keep. 
 Quick circuiting. Philips. 
 
 CiRCUiTEER. 71. s. [from circuit.'] One 
 that travels a circuit. 
 
 Like your fellow circuiteer, the sun, vou travel 
 the round of the earth, and behold all tlie iniqui- 
 ties under the heavens. Pope. 
 
 CiRCUiTiON. «. s. [circuitio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of going round any thing. 
 
 2. Compass; maze of argument. 
 
 To apprehend by what d^ip-ees they lean to 
 things in show, though not in deed, repugnant 
 one to another, requireth more sharpness of wit, 
 more intricate circuitioiis of discourse, and depth 
 of judgment, than common ability doth yield. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Ci'rcular. adj. [circularisy Lat.] 
 
 1. Round, like a cii'cle; circumscribed by 
 a circle. 
 
 The frame thereof seem'd partly circular, 
 And part triangular. Fairy Qucni. 
 
 He first inclos'd for lists a level ground ; 
 The form was circular. Vrydens Fables. 
 
 Nero's port, corapost'd of huge moles running 
 round it in a kind ot circular figure. 
 
 Addisonon Italy. 
 
 2. Successive in order ; always retximing. 
 
 From whence the innumerable race of things 
 By circular successive order springs. Roscommon. 
 
 3. Vulgar; mean; circumforaneous. 
 
 Had A'irgil been a circular poet, and closely ad- 
 hered to liistory, how could llie Ronmos have had 
 Dido? Dennis. 
 
 C I R 
 
 4. Ending in itself: used of a paralogism, 
 ■where the second proposition at once 
 proves the first, and is proved by it. 
 
 One of Cartes's first principles of reasoning, af- 
 ter he bad doubted of every tiling, seems to l>e 
 too circular to safelv build upon ; for be is for 
 proving the being of God from the truth of our 
 faculties, and tbe truth of our faculties from the 
 being of a God. Baker's l(<Jieci. oh Learning, 
 
 5. Circular Letter. .\ letter directed to 
 several persons, who have the same in- 
 terest in some common affair ; as in the 
 convocation of assemblies. 
 
 6. Circular Lines. .Such straight lines as 
 are divided from the divisions made in 
 the arch of a circle ; as tlie lines of sines, 
 tangents, and secants, on the plain scale 
 and sector. 
 
 7. Circular .SV//'/;//"-, is tliat performed on 
 the arch of a great circle. 
 
 ClRCVLARlTY. n.s. [from circular.] A 
 circular form. 
 
 The heavens have iro diversity or difference, 
 but a simplicity of parts, and eqiiiformity in mo- 
 tion, cnntinnally succeeding each other; so that, 
 from what point soever we compute, the account 
 will be common unto the who\c circularity. Brown. 
 
 Ci'rcularly. adv. [from circular.] 
 
 1 . In fonn of a cii cle. 
 
 The internal form of it consists of several re- 
 gions, involving one anotlier like orbs about the 
 same centre ; or of the several elements cast cir- 
 cularlu about each other. Burnet. 
 
 2. \Vith a circular motion. 
 
 Trade, which, like blt-od, should circu/ar/t/ flow, 
 Stopp'd in their channels, found its freedom lost. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Everybody, moved circuZar/y about any centre, 
 recedes, or endeavours to recede, from that centre 
 of its motion. Ray. 
 
 To CiR'cuLATE. 11. n. [from circulus.] 
 
 1. To move in a circle ; to run round ; to 
 return to the place whence it departed 
 in a constant course. 
 
 If our lives motions theirs must imitate. 
 Our knowledge like our blood must circulate. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Nature is a perpetual motion ; and the work of 
 the universe circulates without any inter\"al or re- 
 pose. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. To be dispersed. 
 
 As the mints of calumny are perpetually at 
 ■work, a great number of curious inventions, issued 
 out from time to time, grow current among tbe 
 party, and circulate through tlie whole kingdom. 
 
 .iddison. 
 
 To CIRCULATE, v.a. To put about. 
 
 In the civil w ars, the money spent on both sides 
 was circulated at home ; no publick debts con- 
 tracted. Swift. 
 
 Circula'tion. n.s. [from circulate.] 
 
 1. Motion in a circle; a course in ■which 
 the motion tends to the point from which 
 it began. 
 
 What more obvious, one would think, than tlie 
 
 circulation of the blood, unknown till the last age ? 
 
 Burnet's ITteary. 
 
 As much blood passeth through the lungs as 
 through all the rest of the body : tne circulation is 
 quicker, and beat greater, and their texture ex- 
 tremely delicate. Arhuthnct on Aliments. 
 
 2. A series in which the same order is al- 
 ways obser\ed, and things always return 
 to the same state. 
 
 As for the sins of peace, thou hast brought up- 
 on us theuiiseries of war; so for the sins of war, 
 thou seest lit to deny us the blessing of peace, and 
 to keep us in a circulation of miseries. K.Charla. 
 
 sn
 
 C I R 
 
 God, by the ordinary rule of nature, permits 
 this continual circidalim of human tilings. 
 
 Swift on Modern Education. 
 
 3. A reciprocal interchange of meaning. 
 When tlic apnsUe saith of the Jews, that they 
 crucified the Lord of Glory ; and when the Son 
 of man, being on earth, aflirmeth that the Son of 
 man was in heaven at the same instant, tliere is in 
 these two speeches that mutual circulation before 
 mentioned. Hooker. 
 
 Circulatory, n. s. [from circulate.] A 
 chymical vessel, in which that which 
 rises from the vessel on the fire is col- 
 lected and cooled in another fi.xed upon 
 it, and falls down again. 
 
 Circulatory, adj. [from circulate.] 
 Circulatory letters are the same with 
 Circular Letters. 
 
 Circuma'mbiency. n.s. [from ciVcaw- 
 ambient.] The act of encompassing. 
 
 Ice receiveth its figure according unto the sur- 
 face it concreteth or the circumamhiency which 
 conformeth it. Broun. 
 
 CIRCUMA'MBIENT. adj. [circnm and 
 ambio, Lat.] Surrounding; encompass- 
 ing ; inclosing. 
 
 The circnmambient coldness towards the sides of 
 the vessel, like the second region, cooling and 
 condensing of it. Milhins. 
 
 To Circuma'mbulate. v.n. [from cir- 
 cum and ambulo, Lat.] To walk round 
 about. Diet. 
 
 To CIRCUMCrSE. r.a. [circumcido.La^ 
 To cut the prepuce or foreskin, accord- 
 ing to the law given to the Jews. 
 I'hey came to circumcise the child. Luke. 
 
 One is alarmed at the industry of the whigs, 
 in aiming to strengthen their routed party by a 
 reinforcement from the circumcised. Su'ift's Exam. 
 
 ClRCUMCl'siON. n.s. [fvom circumcise.] 
 The rite or act of cutting off the foreskin. 
 
 They left a race behind 
 Like to themselves, distinguishable scarce 
 From Gentiles, but by circumcision vain. Milton. 
 
 To CIRCUMDUCT, t'. a. [circumdiico, 
 
 Lat.] To contravene ; to nullify : a term 
 
 of civil law. 
 
 Acts of judicature may be cancelled and circum- 
 ducted bj'the will and direction of the judge; as 
 also by tiie consent of the parties litigant, before 
 the judge has pronounced and given sentence. 
 
 AyliJJ'e's Purer^on. 
 
 Circumdu'ction. n. s. [from circum- 
 duct.] 
 
 1. Nullification ; cancellation. 
 
 The citation may be circumducted, though the 
 defendant should not appear ; and tlie defendant 
 must be cited, as a circumduction requires. 
 
 Aylifft's Parergon. 
 
 2. A leading about. 
 
 By long circnmduclion perhaps any '.ruth may 
 be derive'd from any other truth. Hooker. 
 
 CIRCUMFERENCE, n. s. [circumferen- 
 tia, Lat.] 
 
 1. The periphery ; the line including and 
 surrounding any thing. 
 
 Extend thus far thy bounds, 
 This be thy just circumference, O w orld ! Milton. 
 
 Because the hero is "the centre of the main ac- 
 tion, all the lines from the circumference tend to 
 him alone. Dryden. 
 
 Fire, moved nimbly in the circumference of a 
 circle, makes the wliole circumference appear like 
 a circle of fire. _ _ Neuton. 
 
 2. The space inclosed in a circle. 
 
 So was his will 
 Pronounc'd among tlie gods, and by an oalh, 
 That shook heav'n's whole circumference, con- 
 firm'd. Milton. 
 
 C I R 
 
 He first inclos'd for lists a level ground, 
 I'he whole ctrcum/ercTice amilearwund. 
 
 Dryden s Fahles. 
 
 S. The external part of an orbicular body. 
 
 The bubble, being looked on by the light of ihe 
 clouds reflected from it, seemed red at lis appa- 
 rent circum/ercnce. If the clouds were viewed 
 through it.'thc colour at its circumference would be 
 blue. A'fidon's Optics. 
 
 4. An orb ; a circle ; any thing circular 
 or orbicular. 
 
 His pond'rous shield, large and round 
 Behind him cast; the broad circiim/ercncc 
 Hung on his shoulders like the moon. Mdton. 
 
 To Circu'mference. v. a. [from the 
 noun.] To include in a circular space. 
 Not proper. 
 
 Nor is the vigour of this great body included 
 only in itself, or circumference by its surface ; but 
 diffused at indeterminate distances. 
 
 Braum's Vulgar Errours. 
 Circumfere'ntor. n.s. [from circum- 
 fero, Lat. to carry about.] An instru- 
 ment used in surveying, for meastiring 
 angles, consisting of a brass circle, an 
 inde-x with sights, and a compass, and 
 mounted on a staff, with a ball and sock- 
 ets Chambers. 
 Circumflex, n. s. [from circnmfle.xiis, 
 Lat.] An accent used to regulate the 
 prontmciation of syllables, including or 
 participating the acute and grave. 
 
 The circumjicx keeps the voice in a middle tune, 
 and therefore in the Latin is compounded of both 
 tlie other. Holder., 
 
 Circu'mfluence. n.s. [from circum- 
 
 ftuent.] An inclosure of waters. 
 CIRCUMFLUENT, adj. [from circum- 
 Jlucns Lat.] Flowing aound any thing. 
 
 I rule the I'aphian race, 
 Whose bounds the deep circumjiuent waves em- 
 brace ; 1 n • /I 1 
 A dutious people, and industrious isle. Pope slWu. 
 
 Circu'mfluous. adj. [circumjluus, Lat.] 
 Environing with waters. 
 He the world 
 Built on circumfluous waters calm, in wide 
 Crystalline ocean. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Laertes' son, girt with circumfluous tides. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Circumfora'neous. adj. [circumjora- 
 neus, Lat.] Wandering from house to 
 house: as, a circumforaneous fiddler, 
 one that plays at doors. 
 
 To CIRCUMFU'SE. v. a. [cirumfusus, 
 Lat.] To pour round ; to spread every 
 
 way. 
 
 Men see better when their eyes are against the 
 sun or candle, if they put their hand before their 
 eye. The glaring sun, or candle, weakens the 
 eye ; whereas the light circumfised is enough for 
 ttie perception. Bacon'sNat.Hist. 
 
 His army, ciVciim/iis'c! on either wing. Milton. 
 
 Earth, with her nrtlier ocean circumfus'd, 
 Their pleasant dwelling house. Milton. 
 
 This nymph the God Cephisus had abus'd, 
 With all'his winding waters circumfus'd. 
 
 Addison's Ovid. 
 
 CiRCUMFu'siLE. adj. [circum and fusil is, 
 Lat.]. That which may be poured or 
 spread round any thing. 
 
 Artist divine, whose skilful hands infold 
 The victim's horn with circumfusile gold. I'o/Jc'sOd. 
 
 CiRCUMFu'siON. n.s. [from circiim/use.] 
 The act of spreading round; the state 
 of being poured round. 
 
 To CIRCU'MGYRATE. v. a. [circum and 
 gp'us, Lat.] To roll round. 
 
 C I R 
 
 All the glands of the body be congeries of va 
 rious sorts of vessels curled, circumgvrated , and 
 complicated together. Pau onthe Creation. 
 
 Circumgyra'tion. n.s. [from circum- 
 gyratc] The act of running round. 
 
 The sun turns roimd his own axis in twenty -five 
 days, from his first being put into such a circum- 
 juration. Cheyne. 
 
 CiRCUMJA'cENT.arf/'. [ciVcam/flcens, Lat.] 
 Lying round any thing ; bordering on 
 every sitle. 
 
 Circumi'tion. n.s. [from circumeo, cir- 
 cumitum, Lat.] The act of going round. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 ClRCUMLIGA'TION.n.S.[«Vc«»i/;g-0,Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of binding round. 
 
 2. The bond with which any thing is en- 
 compassed. 
 
 Circumlocu'tion. k. s. [circumlocutio, 
 I Jit.] 
 
 1. A circuit or compass of words ; peri- 
 phrasis. 
 
 Virgil, stud3'ing brevity, cmild bring these 
 words into a narrow compass, wliich a translator 
 cannot render without circumlocution. Dryden. 
 
 I much prefer the plain Billingsgate way of 
 calling names, because it would save abundance 
 of lime, lost by circumlocution. Swift. 
 
 2. The use of indirect expressions. 
 
 These people arc not lo be dealt withal, but by 
 
 a train of mystery and circumlocution. L'Estrange. 
 
 Circummu'red. adj. [circum and mu- 
 
 Tiis, Lat.] Walled round ; encompassed 
 
 with a wall. 
 
 lie hath a garden circummured with bricks. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 Circumna'vigable. adj. [from circum- 
 navigate.] That which may be sailed 
 round. 
 
 The being of Antipodes, the habitableness of 
 the torrid zone, and tiie rendering the whole ter- 
 raqueous globe circumnavigable. Ray on theCreation. 
 
 To Circumna'vigate. i'. a. [circum 
 and navigo, Lat.] To sail round. 
 
 Circumnaviga'tion. n.s. [from cjr- 
 cumnavigafe-] The act of sailing round. 
 
 What he says concerning the circumnavigatitm 
 of Africa, from the straits of Gibraltar to the Red 
 Sea, is very remarkable. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Circumnavigator, n. s. One that 
 
 sails round. 
 Circumplica'tion. n.s. [circumplico, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of enwrapping on every side, 
 
 2. The state of being enwrapped. 
 Circumpo'lar. adj. [froin circum and 
 
 polar.] Stars near the north pole, wliich 
 move round it, and never set in the 
 Northern latitudes, are said to be cir- 
 cumpolar stars. 
 Circumposi'tion. n.s. [from circum 
 and position.] The act of placing any 
 thing circularly. 
 
 Now is your season for cireitmposid'on, by tiies 
 or baskets of earth. Evelyn's Kalendar. 
 
 Circumra'sion. n.s. [circumrasio,'La.t.] 
 The act of shaving or paring round. Z)(C. 
 
 Circumrota'tion. n.s. [ciicum and 
 roto, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of whirling round with a mo- 
 tion like that of a wheel ; circumvolu- 
 tion ; circumgyration. 
 
 2. The state of being whirled round. 
 
 312
 
 C I R 
 
 To CIRCUMSCRIBE, v. a. [circum and 
 scribo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To inclose in certain lines or boundaries 
 
 2. To bound ; to limit ; to confine. 
 
 The good Aiidronicus 
 With honour and wilh fortune is relurn'd ; 
 From whence lie circumscribed with his sword. 
 And brouglit to yoke, tlie enemies of Rome. 
 
 Shakesp 
 Tlierefore must his choice be circiimscrW'd 
 Unto the voiee and yielding of that body 
 Wliercof he 's head." ^ Shahesp. 
 
 He form'd the pow'rs of lieav'n 
 Sucli as he pleas'd, and circumscrib'd their beini; ! 
 
 _ Milton. 
 
 The action great, yet circumscrib'd by time ; 
 
 The words not forc'd hut sliding into rliime. Drud. 
 
 The external circumstances which do accompany 
 
 men's acts, are those wliich do circumscribe and 
 
 limit them. StiUingJieet. 
 
 You are above 
 The little forms which circumscribe your sex. 
 
 Soittliern. 
 CiRCUMSCRl'PTlON. U.S. [circumscriplio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Determination of particular form or 
 magnitude. 
 
 In tlie circumsaiption of many leaves, flowers, 
 fruits, and seeds, nature affects a regular (igure. 
 
 Bay oil the Creation. 
 
 2. Limitation; boundary; contraction; 
 confinement. 
 
 1 would not my unhoused free condition 
 Put into circumscription and contii.e. Shakesp. 
 
 Circumscriptive, adj. [from circum- 
 scribe.'\ Inclosing the superficies; mark- 
 ing the form or limits on the outside. 
 
 Stones regular, are distinguished by their exter- 
 nal forms : such as is circumscriptive, or depending 
 upon the whole stone, as in the eagle-stone, is pro- 
 perly called the figure, " Grew. 
 
 CIRCUMSPE'CT. adj. [c!raim.spectus, 
 
 Lat.] Cautious ; attentive to every 
 
 thing ; watchful on all sides. 
 
 None are for me. 
 That look into me withconsid'rate eyes : 
 High reaching Buckingham grows circumspect. 
 
 Shakes}}. 
 Men of their own nature circumspect and slow ; 
 but at the time discountenanced and discontent. 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 The judicious doctor had been very watchful and 
 
 circumspect, to keep himself from being imposed 
 
 upon. Bople. 
 
 Circumspe'ction. v. s. [from circum- 
 spect.] Watchfulness on every side; 
 caution; general attention. 
 
 Observe the sudden growlli uf wickedness from 
 want of care and circumspectuin in the first impres- 
 sions. Clarendon. 
 
 So saying, his proud step he scornful turn'd, 
 But with sly circumspection. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Circumspe'ctive. adj. [circumspicio, 
 circumspectum, Lat.] Looking round 
 
 C I R 
 
 sped.] Caution ; vigilance ; watchful- 
 ness on every side. 
 
 Travel forces circumspectness on those abroad, 
 who at iionie are nursed in security. IVott'm. 
 
 CrilCUMSTANCE. n. s. [circumstantia, 
 
 Lat.] 
 I. Something appendant or relative to a 
 fact : the same I o a moral action as acci- 
 dent to a natural substance. 
 
 When men are ingenious in picking out rircwm- 
 stanccs of contempt, they do kindle their anger 
 much. Bacon's Essai/s. 
 
 Our confessing or concealing persecuted truths, 
 vary and change their very nature, according to 
 dilFerent circumstances of time, jjlaco, and persons. 
 
 South. 
 2. The adjuncts of a fact, which make it 
 more or less criminal ; or make an accu- 
 sation more or less probable. 
 
 Of these supposed crimes give me leave, 
 By circumstance, but to acquit myself. Shakesp. 
 .3. Accident; soraethingadventitious.which 
 may be taken away without the annihila- 
 tion of the principal thing considered. 
 
 Sense outside knows, the soul thro' all things 
 
 every way; attentive; vigilant; cau- 
 tious. 
 
 No less alike the politick and wise. 
 All sly slow things, with c/rci/njipecf? re eyes. Fope. 
 
 Cvrcumspe'ctively. adv. [from circum- 
 speclive.] Cautiously; vigilantly; at- 
 tentively ; with watchfulness every way ; 
 watchfully. 
 
 Ci'rcumspectly. adv. [from circum- 
 spect.] With watchfulness every way ; 
 cautiously; watchfully; vigilantly. 
 
 Their authority weighs more with me than the 
 
 concurrent suffrages ot a thousand eyes, who never 
 
 examined the thing so carefully and circumsjiecllu. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 ClRCUMSPECTNESS. «. «. [from circum- 
 VoL, L 
 
 Sense, circumstance ; she doth the substance view. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 4. Incident; event: generally of a minute 
 or subordinate kind. 
 
 He defended Carlisle with very remarkable ciV- 
 cumstances of courage, industry, and patience. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The sculptor had in his thoughts the Conqueror's 
 weeping for new worlds, or the like circumstance 
 in history. Addison. 
 
 The poet has gathered those circiimstanffs which 
 most terrify the imagination, and which really 
 happen in the raging of a tempest. Addison's Spec't. 
 
 5. Condition; state of affairs. It is fre- 
 quently used with respect to wealth or 
 poverty ; as, good or ill circumstances. 
 
 None but a virtuous man can hope well in all 
 circumstances. Bacon. 
 
 V\'e ought not to conclude, that if there be ra- 
 tional inhabitants in any of the [ilanets, they must 
 therefore have human n'ature, or be involved in the 
 circumstances of our world. Bcntleu. 
 
 When men are easy in their circumstances, they 
 are naturally enemies to innovations. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 To Ci'rcumstance. v. a. [from the 
 noun.] To place in particular situation, 
 or relation to the things. 
 
 To worthiest things. 
 Virtue, art, beauty, fortune, now I see. 
 Rareness or use, not nature, value brings ; 
 And such as they are circum.itanc'd, they "be. Donne. 
 ClRCUMSTANT. adj. [circumstans, Lat.] 
 Surrounding ; environing. 
 
 Its beams fly to ^isit the remotest parts of the 
 
 world, and it gives motion to all circumstant bodies. 
 
 Digbij on the Soul. 
 
 Circumsta'ntial. adj. [circumstant i- 
 alis, low Lat.] 
 
 1. Accidental ; not essential. 
 
 This fierce abridgment 
 Hath to it circunutantial brandies, which 
 Distinction would be rich in. Shakesp. 
 
 This jurisdiction in the essentials of it, is as old 
 as Christianity; and those circumanHlioiaddilionsof 
 secular encouragement, christian princes thought 
 necessary. Smith. 
 
 W ho would not prefer a religion that diff'ers from 
 our own in the circumstantials, before one that dit'- 
 fers from it in the essentials ? Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. Incidental; happening by chance; ca- 
 sual. 
 
 Virtue 's but anguisli, when 'tis several, 
 By occasion wak'd, and circumstantial. Donne. 
 
 3. Full of small events; particular detailed. 
 
 C I R 
 
 He had been provoked by men's tedious and 
 circumstantial recitals of their afi'airs, or by their 
 multiplied quesiionsahouthisown. Prinr't Dedic 
 
 ClRClMSTANTIALITY. 71. S. [from cir- 
 cumstantia/.] The appendage of cir- 
 cumstances; the state of any thing as 
 modified by circumstances. 
 
 CiRcu.'VfSTANTiALLY. adv. [from ciVcuBi - 
 slantial.] 
 
 1. According to circumstance ; not essen- 
 tially; accidentally. 
 
 Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are oiJy 
 circumstantially diliercnl. Chniitle's Scepsis. 
 
 2. Minutely ; exactly ; in every circum- 
 stance or parlicular. 
 
 Lucian a^jrces with Homer in every point rir- 
 cumstantiatiy. Broome. 
 
 To Circumsta'ntiate. v. a. [from cir- 
 cumstance.] 
 
 1. To place in particular circumstances ; 
 to invest with particular accidents or 
 adjuncts. 
 
 If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it 
 might will that freely, which now it wills freely. 
 
 Bramhall. 
 
 2. To place in a particular condition, as 
 with regard to power or wealth. 
 
 A number infinitely superiour, and the best cir- 
 cumstantiated imaginable, arc for the succession of 
 Hanover. Suift. 
 
 To CIRCUMVA'LL.VTE. v. a. [circum- 
 vallo, Lat.] To inclose round with 
 trenches or fortifications. 
 
 Circumvalla'tion. n. s, [from circttm- 
 vnllatv.] 
 
 1 . The art or act of casting up fortifications 
 round a place. 
 
 When the czar first Bcquaintcd himself with 
 mathematical learning, he practised all the rules 
 oi circumvallation and contravailation at the siege 
 of a town in Livonia. ^^'aits. 
 
 2. The fortification or trench thrown up 
 round a place besieged. 
 
 This gave respite to finish those stupendous cir- 
 ciimiallations and barricadoes, reared up by sea and 
 land. Hoieel. 
 
 CiRCUMVE'cTiON.n.s.[ciVa/niiifc/io, Lat.] 
 1. The act of carrying round. 
 2 The state of being carried round. 
 To CIRCUMVENT, v. a. [circumvenio, 
 Lat.] To deceive; to cheat; to impose 
 upon ; to delude. 
 
 He, fearing to be betrayed or circumixnUd by 
 his cruel brother, fled to fiarbarossa. 
 
 Ktwlles's History of the Turhs. 
 As his malice is vigilant, he reslein not to cir- 
 cumvent the sons of tKe first deceived. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Krrours. 
 Should man 
 Fall circumvented thus by fraud. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 Obstinately" bent 
 To die undauritt'd, and to circumvent. Drvden. 
 
 Circumve'ntion.w.s. [fromciVc«nii'fn<.] 
 
 1. Fraud; imposture; cheat; delusion. 
 
 The inequality of the match between him and 
 
 the subtlest of us. would quickly appear by a fatal 
 
 circumvention : there must be a w isdom from above 
 
 to over-reach this hellish wisdom. South. 
 
 If he is in the city, he must avoid haranguing 
 
 against circumvention in commerce. 
 
 Collier of Populiritv. 
 
 •2. Prevention; pre-occupation. Thissense 
 is now out of use. 
 
 Whatever hath been thought on in this stale. 
 That could be brought to bodily act, ere Rome 
 Had circumvcntiim. " Shakrfp. 
 
 To CiRCUMVEST. V. a. [circumvestio, Lat.] 
 To cover round with a garment. 
 S8 313
 
 C I T 
 
 Who <tn this base the earth did'st firmi;/ fnimtl. 
 And iiiiid'sUliedeep tocircHmit'ifit roimti. Wotton. 
 
 Circumvola'tion. n, s. [from ciVcww- 
 
 vo/o, Lat.] The act of flying round. 
 To Circumvo'lve. v. a, [circumvoivo, 
 Lat.] To roll round ; to put into a cir- 
 cular motion. 
 
 Cuuld solid orbs be accommodated to plia^no- 
 mena, yet to ascribe each sphere an Inteiiigence to 
 circumvolve it, were unphilosophical. 
 
 GlanvUlc's Scqjsis. 
 
 Circumvolution, n. s. \circumvolutus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of rolling round. 
 
 2. The state of being rolled round. 
 
 The twisting of the guts is reality eitlicr a cir- 
 cumvolution, or insertion of one part of the gut 
 within the other. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 3. The thing rolled round another. 
 
 Consider the obliquity or closeness of tliese cir~ 
 cumvolutiom ; the nearer they are, tlie higher may 
 be the instrument. Wilkhis. 
 
 CI'RCUS. 1 71. s. [circus, Lat.] An open 
 Cirque, j space or area for sports, 
 with seats round for tlie spectators. 
 
 A pleasant valley, like one of those circuses, 
 which in great cities somewhere doth give a plea- 
 sant spectacle of running horses. Sidney. 
 The one was about the citque of Flora, the 
 other upon tlieTarpeian mountain. Stittingjieet. 
 See the cirque falls ! th' unpiliar'd temple nods ; 
 Streets pav'd wiih heroes, fyber choak'd with 
 gods. Pope. 
 CIST. w. s. [cista, Latin.] A case; a tegu- 
 ment : commonly used in medicinal lan- 
 guage for the coat or inclosure of a 
 tumour, 
 Ci'STED. adj, [from cistJ] Inclosed in a 
 
 cistj or bag. 
 Ci'sTERN. w. 5. [cisterna, Latin.] 
 
 1. A receptacle of water for domestick uses. 
 
 'Tis not the rain that waters the whole earth, 
 but that which falls into his own cwfcni, that must 
 relieve him. South. 
 
 2. A reservoir ; an inclosed fountain. 
 
 Had no part as kindly staid behind 
 In the wide cistei-ns of the lakes confin'd. 
 Did not the springs and rivers drench the land, 
 Our globe would grow a wilderness of sand. 
 
 Bluckmore. 
 
 3. Any receptacle or repository of water. 
 
 So half my Egypt were submerg'd, and made 
 A cistern for scai'd snakes. Shakesp. 
 
 But there 's no bottom, none. 
 In my voluptuousness: your wives, your dauo;hters, 
 Your matrons, and your maids, could not fill up 
 Tlie cistern of my lust. Shakesp. 
 
 CISTUS. n. s, [Lat.] The name of a 
 plant. The same with rockiose, 
 
 CiT. n. s. [contracted from cittzenJ] An 
 inhabitant of the city, in an ill sense ; a 
 pertlowtownsman ; a pragmatical trader. 
 
 We bringyou now to show what dillerent things 
 The cits or clowns are from the courts of kings. 
 
 Johiison. 
 
 Study your race, or the soil of your family will 
 dwindle into cits or squires, or run up uito wits or 
 madmen. Tatler. 
 
 Barnard, thou art a cit, with all thy worth ; 
 But Bug and D — 1, their honours, and so forth. 
 
 Pope. 
 Ci'tadel. w. s. [citadelhy French.] A 
 fortress ; a castle, or place of arms, in a 
 city. 
 
 As he came to the crown by unjust means, as 
 unjustly he kept it ; by force of stranger soldiers 
 m. citadels, the nests oAyranny and murderers of 
 liberty. Sidney. 
 
 I '11 to my charge, the citadel, repair. Dryd. 
 
 C I T 
 
 CiTAL. w. s, [from citf.] 
 L Reproof; impeachment. 
 
 He made a blushing cittd of himself, 
 And chid his truant youth. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Summons; citation; call into a court, 
 
 3. Quotation ; citation. 
 Cita'tion. w. s. [citatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The calling a person before the judge, 
 for the sake of trying the cause of action 
 commenced against him. AylifftsParer. 
 
 2. Quotation ; the adduction of any pas- 
 sage from another author ; or of another 
 man's words. 
 
 3. The passage or words quoted ; a quo- 
 tation. 
 
 The letter-writer cannot read these citations willi- 
 out blushing, after the charge he hath advanced. 
 
 Atterburij. 
 
 View the principles in their own authors, aiid 
 not in the citations of those who would confute 
 them. Watts. 
 
 4. Enumeration ; mention. 
 
 These causes effect a consumption endemick to 
 this island : there remains a citativn of such as may 
 produce it in any country. Harvey 071 Consumptions. 
 
 Ci'tatory. aaj. [from To cite.] Having 
 the power or form of citation. 
 
 If a judge cite one to a place, to which he cannot 
 come with safety, he may freely appeal, thougli 
 an appeal be infiibited ia the letters citatory. 
 
 Aylijjes Parergon. 
 
 To CITE. V. a. [cito. Latin.] 
 
 1 . To summon to answer in a court. 
 
 He held a late court, to which 
 She oftwasci(fd by them, but appear'dnot. Shak. 
 
 Forthwith the cited dead. 
 Of all past ages, to the general doom 
 Shall hasten. Milton. 
 
 This power o( citing, and dragging the defendant 
 into court, was taken away. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 2. To enjoin; to call upon another autho- 
 ritatively; to direct; to summon. 
 
 I speak to you, Sir Thurio ; 
 For Valentine, I need not cite him to it. Shakesp. 
 
 This sad experience cites me to reveal, 
 And wliat I dictate is from what I feel. Prior. 
 
 3. To quote. 
 
 Demonstrations in scripture may not otherwise 
 be shewed than bycifmg- them out of the scripture. 
 
 Hooker, 
 That passage of Plato, which I cited before. 
 
 Bacon. 
 In banishment he wrote those verses, which 1 
 cite from his letter. Dryden. 
 
 CiTER. 71. s. [from cite.^ 
 
 1 . One who cites into a court. 
 
 2. One who quotes ; a quoter. 
 
 I must desire the citer henceforward to Inform 
 us of his editions too. Attcrhury. 
 
 Cite'ss. n. s. [from cit.] A city woman. 
 A word peculiar to Dry den. 
 
 Cits and ciie.tsrs raise a joyful strain; 
 'Tis a good omen to begin a reign. Dryden. 
 
 Ci'thern. 71. s. [ciiharaj Latin.] A kind 
 of harp ; a musical instriunent. 
 
 At what time the heathen had profaned it, even 
 in that was it dedicated with songs and citherns, 
 and harps and cymbals. Mtjcc. 
 
 Ci'tizen. n. 5.* \civis, Lat. citoyen, Fr.] 
 
 1. A freeman of a city; not a foreigner; 
 not a slave. 
 
 All inhabitants within these walls are not pro- 
 perly citizens, but only such as are called fr<^emcn. 
 Raleigh's History. 
 
 2. A townsman ; a man of trade ; not a 
 gentleman. 
 
 When he speaks not like a citizen. 
 You find him like a soldier. Shakesp 
 
 3. An inhabitant ; adweller in any place. 
 
 c I V 
 
 Far from noisy Rome secure he lives, 
 
 And one more citizen to Sibyl gives, Dryden, 
 
 Citizen, adj. [This is only in Shakes- 
 peare.] Having the qualities of a citi- 
 zen ; as cowardice, meanness. 
 
 So sick I am not, yet I am not well ; 
 But not so citizen a wanton, as 
 To beem to die ere sick. Shakesp, 
 
 Ci'trine. adj. [citrtTiuSy Lat.] Lemon 
 coloured ; of a dark yellow. 
 
 The butterfly, papilio major, has its wings 
 painted with ciin'ne and black, both in long streaks 
 and spots. Grew. 
 
 By citrine urine of a thicker consistence, the sali- 
 ness of phlegm is known. Floyer on the Humours, 
 
 Ci'trine. n. s. [from citriTius, Latin.] 
 
 A species of crystal of an extremely pure, clear, 
 and fine text-ure, generally free from flaws and 
 blemislies. It is ever found in a long and slender 
 column, irregularly Jiexangular, and terminated by 
 an hexaiiguiar jiyramid. It is from one to four or 
 five inclies in length. This stone is very plentiful 
 in the West Indies. Our jewellers have learned to 
 call it citrine ; and cut stones for rings out of it, 
 which are mistaken for topazes. Hill on Fossils, 
 
 Citron-tree. n. s. [from citrus^ Lat.] 
 
 It hath broad stiff leaves, like those of the laurel. 
 The flowers consist of many leaves, expanded like 
 arose. The pistil becomes "an oblong, thick, fleshy 
 fruit, very full of juice. Genoa is the great nur- 
 sery for these trees. One sort, with a pointed 
 fruit, is in so great esteem, that the single fruits 
 are sold at Florence for two shillings each. Miller, 
 
 May the sun 
 ^Vith citron groves adorn a distant soil. Addison. 
 
 Citron-water. 71. s. Aqua vitae, dis- 
 tilled with the rind of citrons. 
 Like citron-waters matrons checks inflame. Pope. 
 
 Ci'trul. w. s. The same with ptimpion, 
 so named from its yellow colour, 
 
 CITY. 71. s. [cite, French; civitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. A large collection of houses and inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 Men seek safety from number better united, and 
 from walls and fortifications, the use whereof ia to 
 make the few a match for the many ; this is the 
 original of cities. Temple. 
 
 <City, in a strict sense, means the houses inclosed 
 within the walls : in a larger sense, it reaches to all 
 the suburbs. Watts. 
 
 2. [In the English law.] A town corpo- 
 rate, that hath a bishop and a cathedral 
 church. CowelL 
 
 3. The inhabitants of a certain city, as 
 distinguished from other subjects. 
 
 What is the city but the people ?-^— 
 ——True, the people are the city. Shakesp, 
 
 I do suspect T have done some off'ence. 
 That seems disgracious in the ciiys eye. Shakesp. 
 
 Ci'ty. adj. 
 
 1, Relating to the city. 
 
 His enforcement of the city wives. Shakesp. 
 
 He, I accuse, 
 The city ports by this hath enter'd. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Resembling the manners of the citizens. 
 
 Make not a city feast of it, to let the meat cool 
 ere we can agree upon the first cut. Shakesp, 
 
 Ci'vET. w. s. [civettej Fr. zibctta, Arabic, 
 signifying scent,] A perfume from the 
 civet-cat. 
 
 The civet, or civet cat, is a Utile animal not 
 unlike our cat. It is a native of the Indies, Peru, 
 Brazil, Guinea. The perfume is formed like a kind 
 of grease, tn a bag under its tail, between the anus 
 and pudendum. It is gathered from time to time, 
 and abounds in proportion as the animal is fed. 
 
 Trevoux. 
 
 Civet is of a baser birth than tar ; the very un- 
 cleanly flux of a cat. Shakesp. 
 
 Some putrefactions and excrements do yield ex- 
 cellent odours ; as ciuet and musk, and, a^ some 
 think, ambergrease. Bacoiis Natural History. 
 
 314
 
 C I V 
 
 CiVtcK. adj. [emeus, Latin.] Relating 
 to civil honours or practices ; not mi- 
 litary. 
 
 With equal rays immortal Tiilly shone : 
 Behind, Rome's genius waits with chick crowns, 
 And the great father of his country owns. Pope. 
 
 CITIL. adj. [civilis, Latin.] 
 
 1, Relating to the community; pohtical; 
 relating to the city or government. 
 
 God gave them laws of fiuii regimen, and would 
 not peruiit their commonweal to be governed by 
 any other laws than his own. _ Hooker. 
 
 Part such as appertain 
 TociDif justice; part, rcligi"us rites 
 Of sacrifice. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 But there is another unity, w hich would be most 
 advantageous to our country ; and that is, your 
 endeavour after a civil, a political union in the 
 whole nation. Spratt. 
 
 2. Relating to any man as a member of a 
 community. 
 
 Break not your promise, unless it be tinlawful or 
 impossible ; either out of your natural, or out of 
 vour civil power. Taylor. 
 
 3." Not in anarchy ; not wild ; not with- 
 out rule or government. 
 
 For rudest minds with harmony were caught. 
 And ciii( life was by the muses taught. Roscommon. 
 
 4. Not foreign; intestine. 
 
 From a ci'iii; war God of his mercy defend us, 
 as that which is most desperate of all others. 
 
 Bacon to Villiers. 
 
 5. Not ecclesiastical ; as, the ecclesiastical 
 courts are controlled by the civil. 
 
 G. Not natural ; as, a person banished or 
 outlawed is said to suffer civil, though 
 not natural, death. 
 
 7. Not military; as, the en- 17 magistrate's 
 authority is obstructed by war. 
 
 8. Not criminal ; as, this is a civil pro- 
 cess, not a criminal prosecution. 
 
 9. Civilized; not barbarous. 
 
 England was very rude and barbarous ; for it is 
 but even the other Say siuce England grew civil. 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 10. Complaisant; civilized; gentle; well 
 bred ; elegant of manners ; not rude ; 
 not bratal ; not coarse. 
 
 I heard a mermaid, on a dolphin's back. 
 Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath, 
 Tliat the rude sea grew civil at her son?. Shakesp. 
 
 He was cit'ii and well-natured, never refusing to 
 teach another. Vryden's Dufrcsmy. 
 
 And fall these sayings from that gentle tongue. 
 Where civil speech and soft persuasion hung? Prior. 
 
 11. Grave; sober; not gay or shewy. 
 Thus night oft see me in thy pale career, 
 
 Till civil suited morn appear. Milton's Poems. 
 
 12. Relating to the ancient consular or 
 imperial government ; as, civil law. 
 
 No woman had it, but a civil doctor. Shakesp. 
 
 Civi'lian. n. s. [civilis, Lat.] One that 
 professes the knowledge of tiie old Ro- 
 man law, and of general equity. 
 
 The professors of that law, called civilians, be- 
 cause the civil law is their guide, should not be 
 discountenanced nor discouraged. 
 
 Bacon s Advice to Villiers. 
 
 A depending kingdom is a term of art unknown 
 to all ancient civiliaTis, and writers upon govern- 
 ment. Swift. 
 
 Civilisa'tion. n. s. [from civil.] A 
 law, act of justice, or judgment, which 
 renders a criminal process civil ; which 
 is performed by turning an informa- 
 tion into an inquest, or the contrary. 
 
 Han-is. 
 
 C I z 
 
 Clvi'nTY. n. s. [from civil.] 
 
 1 . Freedom from barbarity ; the state of 
 being civilized. 
 
 'i'he English were at first as stout and warlike a 
 people as ever tlie Irish ; and yet are now bnj Jght 
 unto that civility, that no nation excelleth them 
 in all goodly conversation, and all the studies of 
 know ledge and humanity. Spenser. 
 
 Divers great monarchies have risen from barba- 
 rism to chility, and fallen again (o ruin. 
 
 Davies on Ireland. 
 
 Wheresoe'er her conquering eagles fled. 
 Arts, learning, and civility were spread. 
 
 Denham's Poems. 
 
 2. Politeness ; complaisance ; elegance of 
 behaviour. 
 
 Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy distress.' 
 Or else a rude despiser of good manners. 
 That in civility thou seem'st so empty ? Sbakcsi}. 
 
 He, by his great civility and affability, wrought 
 very much upon the people. Clarendon. 
 
 1 should be kept from a publication, did not, 
 what your civility calls a request, your greatness 
 command. South. 
 
 We in point of civility, yield to others in our 
 own houses. Swift. 
 
 3. Rule of decency; practice of politeness. 
 Love tauaht liim sbame ; and shame, with love 
 
 at strife, 
 Soon taught the sweet civilitia of life. Dryden. 
 
 To Ci'viLizE. V. a. [from civil.] To 
 reclaim from savageness and brutality ; 
 to instruct in the arts of regular life. 
 
 W'e send the graces and the muses forth 
 To civilize and to instruct the North. Waller. 
 
 Musjeus first, then Orpheus, civilize 
 Mankind, and give the world their deities. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Amongst those who are counted the civilized part 
 of mankind, this original law of nature still takes 
 place. Locke. 
 
 Osiris, or Bacchus, is reported to have civilized 
 the Indians, and reigned amongst them fifty-two 
 years. Arbuthuot. 
 
 Ci'viLiZER. n. s. [from civilize.] He 
 that reclaims others from a wild and 
 savage life ; he that teaches the rules 
 and customs of civility. 
 
 The cii'i/i:fTS .' — the disturbers say; 
 The robbers, the corrupters of mankind ! 
 
 Philips's Briton. 
 Ci'viLLY. adv. [from civil.] 
 
 1 . In a manner relating to government, or 
 to the rights or character of a member of 
 a commitnity ; not naturally. 
 
 Men that are civil lead their lives after one com- 
 mon law^ ; for' that a multitude should, without 
 harmony, concur in the doing of one thing (for 
 this is civilly to live), or should manage community 
 of life, it is not possible. Hooker. 
 
 2. Not criminallj'. 
 
 That accusation, which is publick, is either 
 civillu commenced for the private satisfaction of 
 tiie party injured ; or else criminally, that is, for 
 some publick punishment. Aylijie. 
 
 3. Politely ; complaisantly ; gently ; with- 
 out rudeness ; without brutality. 
 
 I will deal civilly with bis pc ems : nothing ill is 
 to be spoken of the dead. Dryden's Pref. to his Fah. 
 
 I would have had .^Imcria and Osmyn parted 
 civilly ; as if it was not proper for lovers to do so. 
 Collier of the Stage. 
 
 He thousht them folks that lost tlieir way. 
 And ask'd them civilly to stay. Pricr. 
 
 4. Without gay or gaudy colours. 
 
 The chambers were handsome and cheerful, and 
 furnished civilly. Bacons Xew Atlantis. 
 
 ClZE. n. s. [perhaps from incisa, Lat. 
 shaped or cut to a certain magnitude.] 
 The quantit}- of any thing, with regard to 
 its external form : often written size. 
 I 
 
 C L A 
 
 If DO motion can alter bodies^ tiiat is* reduce 
 them to some other cite or figure, then there ii 
 none of itscif to give them the cize and fi;.'urc 
 whicli they have. Grew's Co$molng'ui. 
 
 Clack, n. s. [klatckm. Germ, to rattle, 
 
 to make a noise.] 
 
 1. Any thing that makes a lasting and 
 importunate noise: generally used in 
 contempt for the tongue. 
 
 But still his tongue ran on, 
 And with Us everlasting clack 
 Set ail men's ears upon the rack- HudOrrtu. 
 
 Fancy flows in, and muse flies high ; 
 He knows not when my clack will fie. ^rlor. 
 
 2. The Clack of a Mill. A bell that rings 
 when more com is required to be put in. 
 
 Says Juhn, just at the hopper will I stand. 
 And mark the clack bow justly h will sound. 
 
 lietterton. 
 
 To Clack, r. n. [from the noim.] 
 
 1. To make a chinking noise. 
 
 2. To let the tongue run. 
 
 To Clack, r. a. As to clack ivooh is to 
 cut off the sheep's mark, which makes it 
 to weigh less, and so yield the less cus- 
 tom to the king. CowtlL 
 Clad. part. pret. [This participle, which 
 is now referred to clothe, seems origi- 
 nally to have belonged to clodtn, or 
 some such word, like kleeden, Dutch.] 
 Clothed ; invested ; garbed. 
 
 So oft in feasts with costly changes clad, 
 To crammed maws a spratt new stomach brings. 
 
 Sidneu, 
 He hath clad himself with a new garment. 
 
 1 Kingi. 
 Beyond 
 The flow'ry dale of Sibma, clad with vine. MUUm. 
 
 Tlieir prayers clad 
 "With incense, where the golden altar fum'd 
 By their great intercessor. Milton 
 
 But virtue too, as well as vice, is clad 
 Li flesh and blood. JValler. 
 
 To her the weeping heav'ns become serene ; 
 For her the ground is clad in cheerful green. Dryd, 
 The courtrers were all most magnificently clad. 
 
 " Swift. 
 
 To CLAIM, r. ff. [clama'y French.] to 
 demand of right ; to require authori- 
 tatively ; not to beg or accept as favour, 
 but to exact as due. 
 
 If only one man iiath a divine right to obedience, 
 no body can claim that obedience but he that can 
 shew his riglit. Locke. 
 
 We must know liow the first ruler, from whom 
 any one claims, came bv his authoritv, before ws 
 can know wlio has a right to succeed him in it. 
 
 Locke. 
 Poets have undoubted right to claim. 
 If not the greatest, the most lasting name. Congrevt. 
 
 Claim, w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A demand of any thiii^, as due. 
 
 You, in the right of lady Blanch vour wife, 
 Jlay then make all the cCiim that Arthur did. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Forsworn thyself ! The traitor's odious name 
 I first return, and then disprove ihy claim. Dryden. 
 
 \Vil! he not, therefore, uf the two evils chuse the 
 least, by submitting to a master who hath no im- 
 mediate claim upon him, rather than to another 
 who hath already revived several claims upon him? 
 
 Stciji. 
 
 2. A title to any privilege or possession in 
 the hands of another. 
 
 Either there must have been but one sovereign 
 over them ail, or else every father of a family had 
 been as good a prince, and had as good a claim to 
 royalty, as these. Locke. 
 
 3. In law. 
 
 315
 
 C L A 
 
 A demand of aiiv tliiiii; tliat is in the possession 
 
 of aiiolhcr, or at tlie least out of liib own ; as cUtint 
 
 by cliarter, cltuni by descent. Couetl. 
 
 4. The phrases are commonly to make 
 
 claim, or to iai/ claim. 
 
 The king of Prussia Uius in liis cUiim for Neuf- 
 Chati;i, as lie did for the principahly of Oran<:e. 
 Addinon on Itulu- 
 
 If God, by positive grant, gave dominion tu any 
 man, priningeniture can lay no claim to it, unless 
 G'*d ordained. Lock 
 
 Claimable, adj, [from claim.] That 
 whicli may be demanded as due. 
 
 Claimant. 7t. s. [from claim.] He that 
 demands any thing, as unjustly detained 
 by another. 
 
 Clai'mer. n. s. [from claim,] He that 
 makes a demand ; he that requires any 
 thing, as unjustly withheld from him. 
 
 Clair-obscure. n. s. See Clare-ob- 
 scure. 
 
 To Clamber, v. n. [probably corrupted 
 from climb; as climber^ clamber.] To 
 cb'mb with difficulty, as with both hands 
 and feet. 
 
 The kitchen malkin pins 
 Her richest lockrain 'bout lier reechy neck, 
 Clamb'ring tlie walls to eye him. 6hakcsp. 
 
 When ynu"liear the drum, 
 Clamber not you up to tlie casements then. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The men there do, not without some diHicutty, 
 clamber up the acclivities, dragging their kine with 
 them. Raii. 
 
 They were forced to clumhci- over so niaiiy 
 rocks, and to tread upon tlie brink of so many 
 precipices, that they were very often Jn danger of 
 their lives. Addisojis Freeholder. 
 
 To CLAMM. V. a. [in some provinces, to 
 clt'am ; Irom cla?mian, Sax. to glue 
 together.] To clog with any glutinous 
 matter. 
 
 A swarm of wasps got into a honey-por, and 
 
 there they cloyed and c/ammed themselves till there 
 
 was no getting out a^ain. L'Estravge. 
 
 The sjirigs were alT daubed with lime, and the 
 
 birds clamfiied and taken. L' Fstrauge. 
 
 Cla'mmtness. v. s. [from clammy.] \'is- 
 cosity; viscidity; tenacity; ropiness. 
 
 A greasy pipkin will spoil the clamminess of the 
 glue. Moion. 
 
 Cla'mmy. adj. [from clamm.] Viscous; 
 glutinous; tenacious; adhesive; ropy. 
 
 Bodies clamm ij and cleaving, have an appetite, 
 at once, to follow another body, and to hold to 
 themselves. Bacon. 
 
 Neither the brain nor spirits can conserve mo- 
 tion : the former is of such a clammy consistence, 
 it can no more retain it than a quagmire. 
 
 Gianrille's Scepsis. 
 
 Aghast he wak'd, and starting from Ins bed. 
 Cold sweat, in clammy drops, his limbs o'erspread. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Joyful thou'lt see 
 The clammy surface all o'er-sliuwn with tribes 
 Of greedy insects. Philips. 
 
 There is an unctuous clamn:^ vapour that arises 
 from the stum of grapes, when they lie mashed to- 
 gether in the vat, which puts out a light when 
 dipped into it. Addison on Italy. 
 
 'I'he continuance of the fever, clammy sweats, 
 pa!ene>s, and at last a total cessation of pain, are 
 signs of a gangrene and approaching death. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Cla'morous. adj. [from clamour.] Voci- 
 ferous ; noisy; turbulent; loud. 
 
 It is no sufficient argument to say, that, in urg- 
 ing these ceremonies, none are so clanwrous a.s pa- 
 pists, and they whom papists suborn. Hooker. 
 
 C L A 
 
 He kiss'd her lips 
 With such a clamorous smack, that at the parting 
 All the church echo"d. Sluxkesp. 
 
 At my birth 
 The goats ran from the mountains, and the herds 
 Were strangely clamrous in the frighted fields. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 With the clamorous report of war 
 Thus will I drown your exclamations. Shakesp. 
 
 Then various elements against thee join'd, 
 In one more various animal combin'd. 
 And fram'd the c/am'roii5 race of busy human kind. 
 
 Pope. 
 A pamphlet that will settle the wavering, ni- 
 struct the ignorant, and inflame the clamorous. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 CLA'MOUR. n. s. [clamor, Lat.] 
 
 1. Otitcry; noise; exclamation; vocife- 
 ration. 
 
 llevoke thy doom, 
 Or whilst I can vent clumour from my throat, 
 I'll fell thee, thou do'st evil. Shakes]). 
 
 The people grew then exorbitant in their cla- 
 mours for justice. King Charles. 
 
 The maid 
 Shall weep the fury of my love decay 'd ; 
 And weeping follow me, as thou do'st now, 
 With idle clamours of a broken vow. Prior. 
 
 2. It is used sometimes, but less fitly, of 
 inanimate things. 
 
 Here the loud Arno's boist'ruus clamours cease, 
 That with submissive murmurs glides in peace. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To Cla'mour. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1, To make outcries ; to exclaim; to voci- 
 ferate; to roar in turbulence. 
 
 The obscure bird clamour d the live long night. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Let them not come in multitudes, or in a trlbu- 
 nitious manner ; for that is to clamour counsels, 
 nut to inform them. Bacons Essays, 
 
 2. In Shakespeare it seems to mean, ac- 
 tively, to stop from noise. 
 
 Clamour your tongues, and not a word more. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 CLAMP, n. s. \clampj French.] 
 
 1. A piece of wood joined to another, as 
 an addition of strength. 
 
 2. A quantity of bricks. 
 
 To burn a clamp of brick of sixteen thousand, 
 they allow seven ton of coals. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry, 
 
 To Clamp, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 When a piece of board is fitted with the grain 
 to t':eendof another piece of board cross the grain, 
 the first board \sclamped. Thus the^nds of tables 
 are commonly clumped to preserve them from 
 warping. Moions Mechanical Exercises. 
 
 Clan. w. s. [probably of Scottish origi- 
 nal ; klaart, in the Highlands, signifies 
 children.] 
 
 1. A family ; a race. 
 
 They around the flag 
 Of each his faction, in their several clans, 
 Swarm populous, uunumber'd. Milton. 
 
 Milton was the pueLica! son of Spenser, and Mr. 
 Waller of Fairfax ; for we have our lineal descents 
 and clans as well as other families. Dryden, 
 
 2, A body or sect of persons, in a sense of 
 contempt. 
 
 Partridge and the rest of his clan may hoot 
 rae for a cncat, if I fail m any single particular. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Cla'ncular. adj. [clancularius, Lat.] 
 Clandestine; secret; private; conceal- 
 ed; obscure; hidden. 
 
 I^t us withdraw all supplies from our lusts, 
 and not by any secret reserved atfection give 
 them clavicular aids to maintain their rebellion. 
 
 Decay of Pietx}. 
 
 CLANDE'STINE.tf<;.[c/fln</esfinMs,Lat.] 
 
 C L A 
 
 Secret; hidden; private; in an all 
 
 sense. 
 
 Tho' nitrous tempests, and clandestine death, 
 Fill'd the deep caves and num'rous vaults beneatli 
 
 Blackmore 
 
 Clande'stinely. adv, [from clandes- 
 tine.] Secretly; privately; in private; 
 in secret. 
 
 There have been two printed ^z,\itTS clandestinely 
 spread about, whereof no man is able to trace the 
 original. Swift. 
 
 CLANG, n. s. [clangor, Lat.] A sharp, 
 
 shrill noise. 
 
 With such a horrid clang 
 As on mount Sinai rang, 
 
 While the red fire and smould'ring clouds out- 
 break. Milton. 
 An island salt and bare, 
 The haunt of seals and ores, and sea-mews clang. 
 
 Milton. 
 What clangs were heard in German skies afar. 
 Of arms and armies rushing to the war ! Dryden. 
 
 Guns, and trumpets clang, and solenni sound 
 Of drums, o'ercamc their groans, Phillips. 
 
 To Clang, v. n. [clango^ Lat.] To clat- 
 ter ; to make a loud shrill noise. 
 
 Have I not In a jiitched battle heard 
 
 Loud 'Jarums, neighing steeds, and trumpets 
 
 clang ? Shakesp. 
 
 The Libyans, clad in armour, lead 
 
 The dance ; and clanging swords and shields they 
 
 beat. Prior. 
 
 To Clang, r. a. To strike together with 
 a noise. 
 
 The fierce Curetestrod tumultuous 
 Their mystic dance, and clang'd their sounding 
 
 arms ; 
 Industrious with the warlike din to quell 
 Thy infant cries. Prior. 
 
 Cla'ngour. n.s. [clangor, Lat.] A loud 
 shrill sound. 
 
 In death he cried, 
 Like to a dismal clangour heard from far, 
 Warwick, revenge my death. Shakesp, 
 
 With joy tiiey view the waving ensigns fly, 
 And hear the trumpctsc/ang^'iur pierce the sky. Dry. 
 
 Cla'ngous. adj. [from clang.] Making 
 a clang. 
 
 We do not observe the cranes, and birds of 
 long necks, have an^*^ musical, but harsh and clan- 
 gous throats. Brown. 
 
 Clank, n. s. [from clang.] Aloud, shrill, 
 sharp noise, made by the collision of 
 hard and sonorous bodies. 
 
 They were joined by the melodious clank of 
 marrow-bone and cleaver. Spectator. 
 
 To CLAP. V. a. [clappan, Sax. klappen, 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. To strike together with a quick motion, 
 
 so as to make a noise by the collision. 
 
 Following the fliers, 
 Willi them he enters ; who, upon the sudden, 
 Ctapt to their gates. Shakesp. 
 
 Men shall cUip their hands at him, and shall 
 hiss him out of his place. ^ Job. 
 
 Have you never seen a citizen, in a cold morn- 
 ing, clapping his sides, and walking before his 
 shop? Drifden. 
 
 He crowing clapp'd his wuigs, th' appointed call 
 To chuck his wives together ni the hall. 
 
 Dryden s Fahtes. 
 
 Each poet of the air her glory sings. 
 And round him the pleas d audience clap their 
 wings. Dryden. 
 
 He had just time to gel in and clap to the doer, 
 to avoid the blow. Locke on Educatio7i. 
 
 hi flow'ry wreathes the royal virgin drest 
 His bending horns, and kindly clapt his breiist. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Glad of a quarrel, straight I clap the door, 
 Sir, let me see your works and you no more. Pope. 
 
 2. To add one thing to another implying 
 
 » ai6
 
 C L A 
 
 the idea of something iiasty, unexpected, 
 or sudden. 
 
 Tiiej ciap mouth to mouth, wing to wing, and 
 leg to leg ; and so, after a sweet singing, fall 
 down into lakes. Carew. 
 
 This pink is one of Cupid's carriers: clap on 
 more sails ; pursue. Shak€sp. 
 
 Smooth temptations, like the sun, make a 
 maiden lay by her veil and robe ; which persecu- 
 tion, like the northern wind, made her hold fast, 
 and clap close about her. _ Taylor. 
 
 If a man be highly commended, we think him 
 sufficiently lessened, if we clap sin, or folly, or in- 
 firmity into his account, TayUtr's Living Holy. 
 
 Razur-inakers generally chp a small bar of Ve- 
 nice steel between two small bars of flemish steel. 
 Moion's Mechanical Eiercises. 
 
 The man clapt his fingers one day to his mouth, 
 and blew upon them. L' Estraiige. 
 
 His shield thrown by, to mitigate the smart. 
 He clapp'd his hand upon the wounded part. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 If you leave some space empty fnrthe air, then 
 clap your liand upon the mouth of the vessel, and 
 the fishes will contend to get uppermost in the 
 water. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 It would he as absurd as to say, he c^(/)ped spurs 
 to his horse at St, James's, and galloped away to 
 the Hague. _ Addison, 
 
 By having the:r minds yet in their perfect free- 
 dom'and inditferency, they pursue truth the better, 
 having no biass yet clapped on to mislead them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 I liavc observed a certain cheerfulness in as 
 bad a system of features as ever was clapped toge- 
 ther, whicli hath appeared lovely. Addison's Sped. 
 
 Let alt her ways be uiicunfin'd. 
 And clap your padlock on her mind. Prior. 
 
 Socrates or Alexander might have a fool's coat 
 clapt upon them, and perhaps neither wisdom nor 
 majesty would secure them from a sneer. 
 
 Watts on the Miiid. 
 
 3. To do any thing with a sudden hasty 
 motion, or unexpectedly. 
 
 We were dead asleep. 
 And, how we know not, all clapt under hatches. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He was no sooner entered into the town, but a 
 scambling soldier clapt hold of his briddle, which 
 he thought was in a begging or in a drunken 
 fashion. Wottons Life of Buck. 
 
 So much from the rest of his countrymen, and 
 indeed from his whole species, that his friends 
 would have clapped hira into bedlam, and have 
 begged his estate. _ Spectator. 
 
 Have you observ'd a sitting hare, 
 List'ning, and fearful of the storm 
 Of horns and hounds, clap back lier ear ? Prior. 
 
 We will take our remedy at law, and clap an 
 action upon you for old dents. 
 
 Arbuthnot's History cf John Bull. 
 
 4. To celebrate or praise by clapping the 
 hands ; to applaud. 
 
 I have often heard the stationer wishing for 
 those hands to take oflf Iiis melancholy bargain, 
 which clapped its performance on the stage. 
 
 Dedication to Dryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 5. To infect with a venereal poison. [See 
 the noun.] 
 
 If the patient hath been clapt, it will be the 
 more difficult to cure him the second time, and 
 worse the third. Wiseman. 
 
 Let men and manners ev'ry dish adapt ; 
 Who'd force his pepper where his guests are clapt ? 
 
 King. 
 
 6. To clap up. To complete suddenly, 
 without much precaution. 
 
 aSo longer than we well could wash our hands. 
 To clap this royal bargain up of peace. Shakesp. 
 
 Was ever match cUipt up so suddenly ? Shakesp. 
 
 A peace may be clapped up with that sudden- 
 ness, that the forces, which are now in motion, 
 may unexpectedly fall upon his skirts. 
 
 Howell's Vocal Forest. 
 
 7. To clap up. To imprison with little 
 formality or delay. 
 
 c L A 
 
 Being presented to the emperor for his admi- 
 rable beauty, he was known, arid the prince clapt 
 him up as his inveigler. Sandys. 
 
 To Clap. u. k. 
 
 1. To move nimbly with a noise. 
 
 Every door flew open 
 T' admit my entrance ; and then clapt behind mc, 
 To bar my going back. Dryden. 
 
 A whirlwind rose, that with a violent blast 
 Shook all the dome ; the doors around me clapt. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To enter with alacrity and briskness 
 upon any thing. 
 
 Come, a song.— 
 
 — Shall we clap into 't roundly, without saying we 
 
 are hoarse? Shakesp. 
 
 3. To strike the hands together in ap- 
 plause. 
 
 All the best men are ours ; for 'tis ill hap 
 If they hold, when their ladies bid 'em clap. Shak. 
 
 Clap. Jt. s, [from the verb,] 
 
 1. A loud noise made by sudden collision. 
 
 Give the door such a clap as you go out, as will 
 sliake the whole room, and make every thing rat- 
 tle in it. SuiJ't. 
 
 2. A sudden or unexpected act or motion. 
 It is monstrous to me, that the south-sea should 
 
 pay half their debts at one clap. Swift's Letters. 
 
 3. An exjilosion of thunder. 
 
 There shall be liorrible claps of thunder, and 
 flashes of lightning, voices and earthquakes. 
 
 Hakewill on Providence. 
 The clap is past, and now ihe skies are clear. 
 
 Dryden s Jul. 
 
 4. An act of applause. 
 
 The actors, in the midst of an innocent old play, 
 are often startled in the midst of unexpected cla^ys 
 or hisses. Addison. 
 
 5. A sudden or imexpected misfortune. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 6. A venereal infection, [from clapoir, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 Time, tliat at last matures a clap to pox. Pope. 
 
 7. [With falconers.] The nether part of 
 the beak of a hawk. 
 
 Cla'pper. 11. s. [from clap.l 
 
 1. One who claps with his hands ; an ap- 
 plauder. 
 
 2. The tongue of a bell. 
 
 He hath a heart as sound as a bell, and his 
 tongue is the clapjer; for what his heart thinks, 
 his tongue speaks. Shakesp. 
 
 I saw a 3'oung lady fall down the other dav, 
 and she much resembled an overturned bell with- 
 out a clapper. AddUon. 
 
 3. Clapper of a Mill. A piece of wood 
 shaking the hopper. 
 
 To Cla'pperclaw. v. a. [from clap and 
 claic.l To tonguebeat; to scold. 
 
 They are clapperclatiing one another, I'll look 
 on. Shakesp. 
 
 They 've alwaj's been at daggers-drawing. 
 And one another clapperclawing. Hudihras. 
 
 Cla'renceux, or Cla'rencieux. n. s. 
 
 The second king at arms: so named 
 
 from the duchy of Clarence. 
 Clare-obscure, n. s. [from clarus 
 
 bright, and ohscurus, Lat.] Light and 
 
 shade in painting. 
 As masters in the clare-ohscure 
 
 ^^ ith various light your eyes allure ; 
 
 A flaming yellow here they spread, 
 
 Draw olV in blue, or charge in red ; 
 
 Yet from these colours, oddly mix'd, 
 
 Your sight upon the whole is fix'd. Pridr. 
 
 Claret, n. s. [clairet, Fr.] French 
 wine, of a clear pale red colour. 
 Red and white wine are in a trice confounded 
 
 into claret. Boyle. 
 
 C L A 
 
 The claret smooth, red as the lips we press 
 In sparling fancy, while we drain the bowl. 
 
 Thomson . 
 
 Cla'ricord. n. a. [from clarus and 
 chorda, Latin.] 
 
 A musical instrument in form of a spinette, but 
 more ancient. It has forty-nine or rifty keys, aiid 
 seventy strings. ' Chambers. 
 
 Clarifica'tion. n. s. [from clarify.] 
 The act of making any thing clear from 
 impurities. 
 
 Liquors arc, many of them, at the first, thick 
 and troubled ; as music, and wort : to know the 
 means of accelerating ctarijication, we roust know 
 the causes of ciiri/icalion. Bacon. 
 
 To CLAHIFY. r. a. [clarijier, French ] 
 
 1. To purify or clear any liquor; to 
 separate from feculencies or impuri- 
 ties. 
 
 The apothecaries clarifu their svrups by whites 
 of eggs, beaten with the juices which they would 
 clariju ; which whites of eggs gather all the dreirs 
 and grosser parts of the juice to theni ; and afit"r, 
 the syru[> being set on the fire, the whites of eggs 
 themselves harden, and are taken forth. Bacon. 
 
 2. To brighten ; to illuminate. This 
 sense is rare. 
 
 The will was then ductile and pliant to all the 
 motions of right reason ; it met the dictates of a 
 clarified understanding half way. South. 
 
 Tlie Christian religion is the only means that 
 
 God has sanctified, to set fallen man ufion his legs 
 
 again, to clarify his reason, and to rectify his will. 
 
 .1 South. 
 
 To Cla'ripy. I', n. To clear up; to 
 grow bright. 
 
 \Vhosoever hath his mind fraught with manv 
 thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify 
 and break up in the discoursing with another ; "he 
 raarshalleth nis thoughts more orderly, he seeth 
 how they look when they are turned into words. 
 Bacons Essavs. 
 Cla'rion. n. s. [clarin, Spanish ; from 
 clarus loud, Lat.] A trumpet ; a wind 
 instrument of war. 
 
 And after to his palace he them brines. 
 With shams, and trumpets, and with clariorj 
 
 sweet ; 
 And all the wa^' the joyous people sin^s. Spenser. 
 Then straight commands, that at the warlike 
 sound 
 Of trumpets loud, and clarions, be uprear'd 
 The mighty standard. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Ijct fuller notes th* applauding world amaze. 
 And the loud clarion lauour in your praise. Pope. 
 
 Cla'rity. n.s. [clartc, French; claritas, 
 Latin.] Brightness ; splendour. 
 
 .\ light by abundant claritu invisible ; an under- 
 standing which itself can onlv comprehend. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 Man was not onlv deceivable in his integrity, 
 but the angels of lig"ht in all their clarity. 
 
 Broivn's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Cla'ry. n. s. [hetTninium, Lat.] An 
 herb. 
 
 Plants that have circled leaves do all abound 
 with moisture. The weakest kind of curling is 
 roughness ; as inc/ariyand burr. Bacon's ^at. Hist. 
 
 To CLASH. V. n. [klelsen, Out. to make 
 
 a noise] 
 1 . To make a noise by mutual collision ; 
 to strike one against another. 
 
 Three times, as of the clashing sound 
 Of arms, we heard. Denham. 
 
 Those few that shoidd happen to clash, might 
 rebound after Cie collision. Bentley. 
 
 How manv candles may send out their light, 
 without clashing upon one another ! which argues 
 the sniallness of the parts of light, and the large- 
 ness of the interstices between particles of air and 
 other bodie«. Cheyne. 
 
 317
 
 C L A 
 
 2. To act with opposite power, or con- 
 trary direction. 
 
 Neither was Hiere any queen-mnther who 
 might clash with his counsellors for authority. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Those that are not convinced what help this is 
 to magistracy, would find it, if they sllould 
 chance to c^s/(. South. 
 
 3. To contradict ; to oppose. 
 
 Wherever there are men, there will be clashing 
 some time or other ; and a Itnock, or a contest, 
 siir.ils all. L'Estrange. 
 
 The aljsurditv in this instance is obvious ; and 
 yet every time" that clashing metaphors are |)ut 
 together.'lhis fault is couiniittcd. .Spectator. 
 
 To Clash, r. a. To strike one thing 
 against another, so as to produce a noise. 
 
 The nodding statue clash'd his arms. 
 And with a sullen sound, and feeble cry. 
 Half sunk, and half pronounc'd the word of vic- 
 tory. Dryden. 
 
 Clash, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A noisy collision of two bodies. 
 
 The clash of arms and voice of men we hear. 
 
 Dettharn. 
 He nobly seiz'd thee in the dire alarms 
 Of war and slaughter, and the clash of arms. Pope. 
 
 2. Opposition ; contradiction. 
 
 Tlien from llie clashes between popes and kings, 
 Debate, like sparks from flint's collision, springs. 
 
 Denham . 
 
 In the very next line he reconciles the fathers 
 and scripture, and shews there is no clu.'ih betw ixt 
 them. Alterbury. 
 
 CLASP, n. s. [chfspe, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A hook to hold any thing close ; as a 
 book, or garment. 
 
 The scorpion's claws here grasp a wide extent. 
 And here tne crab's in lesser clasps arc bent. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 He took me aside, opening the clasj)! of the 
 parchment cover. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 2. An embrace, in contempt. 
 
 Your fair daughter. 
 Transported with no worse nor better guard. 
 But with a knave of liire, a gondalier. 
 To the gross cla.^ps of a lascivious iMoor. Shakesp. 
 
 To Clasp, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To shut with a clasp. 
 
 Sermons are the keys of the kingdom of Iiea- 
 ven, and do open the scriptures ; which being 
 but read, remain, in comparison, still clasped. 
 
 Hooker. 
 There Caxton slept, with Wynkin at his side ; 
 One clasped in wood, and one in strong cuw hide. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To catch and hold by twining. 
 
 Direct 
 The clasping ivy where to climb. Milt. Par. Lost, 
 
 3. To hold with the iiands e.xtended ; to 
 inclose between the hands. 
 
 Occasion turnetJi the handle of the bottle first 
 to be received ; and after the belly, which is hard 
 to clasp. Bacon. 
 
 4. To embrace. 
 
 Thou art a slave, whom fortune's tender arm 
 \Vith favour never claspt, but bred a dog. Shak. 
 
 Thy suppliant, 
 I beg, and clasp thy knees. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 He stoop'd below 
 
 The flying spear, and shunn'd the prorais'd blow j 
 
 Then creeping, clasp'd the hero s knees, and 
 
 pray'd. Dryden. 
 
 Now, now he clasps her to his panting breast ; 
 
 Now he devours her with his eager eyes. Smith. 
 
 5. To inclo.se. 
 
 Boys, with women's voices. 
 Strive to speak big, and clasp their female joints 
 In stitf unwieldy anns against thy crown. Shah. 
 Cla'sper. n. s. [from clasp.] The ten- 
 drils or threads of creeping plants, by 
 which they cling to other things for sup- 
 port. 
 
 C L A 
 
 The teiidrels or chspers of plants are given only 
 to sucii species as have weak and infirm stalks. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Cla'spknife. «. s. [from clasp and 
 knife.] A knife Avhich folds into the 
 iiandle, 
 
 CLASS. 71. s. [from classis, Latin.] 
 
 1. A rank or order of persons. 
 
 Scgrais lias Histingulslied the readers of poetry, 
 according to their capacity of judging, into lliree 
 classes. Dryden. 
 
 2. A number of boys learning the same 
 lesson at the school. 
 
 We sliall be sci/cd away from this lower class 
 in ilie schouj of ltni)ulcdi:e, and our conversation 
 shall be with angels and illuminated spirits. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 3. A set of beings or things ; a number 
 ranged in distri but ion, under some 
 common denomination. 
 
 Among this herd of politicians, anj* one set 
 make a very considerable class of men. 
 
 Addisoii's Freeholder. 
 
 AVhate'er of mongrel, no one class admits 
 A wit with dunces, and a dunce with wits. Pope. 
 
 To Class, r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 range according to some stated method 
 of distribution ; to range according to 
 different ranks, 
 
 I considered that, by the chssing and methodi- 
 zing suc.i passages, 1 might instruct the reader. 
 Arbuthnot on Coiris. 
 ClA'sSICAL. 7 ;• r / • t *.• i 
 
 Cla'ssick. { ^'^' [c^<^^^^cus, Latin.] 
 
 1. Relating to antique authors ; relating 
 to literature. 
 
 Poetick fields encompass me around. 
 And still I seem to tread on ctassick ground. Addis. 
 
 With them the genius o( classick learning dwel- 
 letli, and from them it is derived. 
 
 Felton on the Classichs. 
 
 2. Of the first order or rank. 
 
 From this standard the value of the Roman 
 
 weights and coins are deduced ; in the settling of 
 
 which I have followed Mr. Greaves, who may be 
 
 justly reckoned a classical author on this subjtct. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Cla'ssick. n. s. [classicus, Lat.] An 
 author of the first rank: usually taken 
 for ancient authors. 
 The classicks of an age that heard of none. Pope. 
 
 CLA'SSIS. n. «. [Latin.] Order; sort; 
 body. 
 
 He liad declared his opinion of that ctassis of 
 men, and did all lie could to hinder their growth. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 To CLA'TTER. v. n. [clarpunje a rattle, 
 Saxon.] 
 
 1. To make a noise by knocking two 
 sonorous bodies frequently together. 
 
 Now the spriglitly trumpet from afar 
 Had rous'd the neighing steeds to scour the fields. 
 While the fierce riders clatter'd on their shields. 
 
 I)ryde7t. 
 
 2. To utter a noise by being struck toge- 
 ther. 
 
 All that night was heard an unwonted clattering 
 of weapons, and of men running to and fro. 
 
 KnoUcs's Historu- 
 Down sunk the monster-bulk, and press'd the 
 ground ; 
 His anus and clattering shield on the vast body 
 ,sound. Driiden. 
 
 Their clattering arms with the fierce shocks 
 resound j 
 Helmets ard broken launces spread the ground. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 3. To talk fast and idly. 
 
 C L A 
 
 Here is a great deal of good matter 
 
 Lost for lack of telling ; 
 Now, siker, 1 see thou do'st but clatter ; 
 
 flerin may come of melling. Spen»er. 
 
 All those airy speculations, which bettered not 
 
 men's manners, were only a noise and clatienng of 
 
 words. Decay if Piety. 
 
 To Clatter, v. a. 
 
 i . To strike any thing so as to make it 
 
 sound and rattle. 
 I onl^' with an oaken staff will meet thee. 
 
 And raise such outcries on thy clattered iron, 
 
 I'liat thou oft shall wish thyself at Gath. Milton, 
 When all the bees are gone to settle, 
 
 You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift. 
 
 2. To dispute, jar, or clamour: a low 
 
 word. Martin. 
 
 Cla'tter. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A rattling noise made by the frequent 
 and quick collision of sonorous bodies. 
 A clatter is a clash often repeated with 
 great quickness, and seems to convey 
 the idea of a sound sharper and shriller 
 than rattle. [See the verb.] 
 
 1 have seen a monkey overthrow all the dishes 
 and plates in a kitchen, merely for the pleasure of 
 seeing them tumble, and hearing the clutter thej 
 made in their fall. Swift. 
 
 2. It is used for any tumultuous and con- 
 fused noise. 
 
 By this great clatter, one of greatest note 
 Seems bruited. Shakesp. 
 
 Grow to be short. 
 Throw by your clatter. 
 And handle the matter. Ben Jonson. 
 
 O Rourk's jolly boj-s 
 Ne'er dreamt of the matter, 
 
 Till rous'd by the noise 
 And musical clatter. Swift. 
 
 The jumbling particles of matter 
 In chaos make not such a clatter. Su-ift . 
 
 Cla'vated. adj. [clavatus, Lat.] Knob- 
 bed : set with knobs. 
 
 These appear plainly to have been clarated 
 spikes of some kind of echinus ovarius. 
 
 Woodward on Fossils. 
 Cla'udent. adj. [claudens, Lat.] Shut- 
 ting; inclosing; confining. Diet. 
 To CLA'UDICATE. v. n. [claudico, Lat.] 
 To halt; to limp. Diet. 
 Claudica'tion. n. s. [from claudicute.'] 
 The act or habit of halting. Diet. 
 Clave, [the preterite of cleave.'] See 
 
 Cleave. 
 Cla'vellated. adj. [clavellatus, low 
 Lat.] Made with burnt tartar : a chy- 
 mical term. Chambers. 
 
 Air, transmitted through clavellated ashes into 
 an exhausted receiver, loses weight as it passes 
 through t'lem. Arbuthnot, 
 
 Cla'ver. n. s. [clsFpep pyp^, Sax.] This 
 is now imiversally written clover, though 
 not so properly. See Clover. 
 
 Cla'vicle. n. s. [clavicula, Lat.] The 
 collar bone. 
 
 Some quadrupeds can bring their fore feet unto 
 
 their mouths ; as most that have clavicles, or collar 
 
 bones. Brown. 
 
 A girl was brought with angry wheals down 
 
 her neck, towards the clavicle. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Clause. 7i. s. [clausula, Lat] 
 
 1. A sentence; a single part of a discourse; 
 a subdivision of a larger sense ; so 
 much of a sentence as is to be con- 
 strued together. 
 
 God may be glorified by obedience, and obeyed 
 by performance of his will, although no special 
 
 I clause or sentence of scripture be in every such 
 action set before men's eyes to warrant it. Booker. 
 
 318
 
 C L A 
 
 a. An article, or particular stipulation. 
 
 Thectiuie is untrue concerning the hisliop. 
 
 Hfloker. 
 
 When, after his death, they were sent both to 
 Jews and Gentiles, we find not this clause in their 
 commission. South. 
 
 Cla'ustral, adj. [from claustrum, Lat.] 
 Relating to a cloyster, or religious 
 house. 
 
 Claustral priors are such as preside over monas- 
 teries, next to the abbot or cliief governour in 
 such religious houses. Aylijf'e. 
 
 Cla'usure. n. s. [clattsura, Lat.] Con- 
 finement; the act of shutting J the state 
 of being shut. 
 
 In some monasteries the severity of the claumre 
 is hard to be born. Geddes. 
 
 CLAW. n. s. [clapan. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The foot of a beast or bird, armed with 
 sharp nails ; or the pincers or holders 
 of a shell-fish. 
 
 I saw her range abroad to seek her food, 
 T' etnbrue her teeth and daws with lukewarm 
 blood. Spoiser. 
 
 What 's justice to a man, or laws. 
 That never comes within their claws ? Hudibras. 
 
 He softens the harsh rigour of the laws, 
 Blunts their keen edge, and grinds their harpy 
 ciau'S. Garth. 
 
 2. Sometimes a hand, in contempt. 
 To Claw. u. a. [clapan, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To tear with nails or claws. 
 Look, if the wither'd elder hath not his poll 
 
 claw'd like a parrot. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To pull, as with the nails. 
 
 I am afraid we shall not easily claw off that 
 :iame. SoxUh. 
 
 3. To tear or scratch in general. 
 
 But we must claw ourselves with shameful 
 And heathen stripes, by their example. Hudibras. 
 
 They for their own opinions stand fast. 
 Only to have them claw'd and canvast. Hudibras. 
 
 4. To scratch or tickle. 
 I must laugh when I am merry, and clawno man 
 
 ill his humour. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To flatter: an obsolete sense. See 
 Clawback. 
 
 6. To claw off, or awai/. To scold ; to 
 rail at. 
 
 You thank the place where you found money ; 
 
 but the jade Fortune is to be clawed away for 't, if 
 
 you should lose it, Z. Estrauge 
 
 Cla'wback. n. «. [from claiv and bock.] 
 
 A flatterer; a sycophant; a wheedler. 
 
 The pope's clawbachs. Jewel. 
 
 Cla'wed. adj. [from €1010.1 Furnished 
 
 or armed with claws. 
 
 Among quadrupeds, of all the clawed, the lion 
 is the strongest. Grew's Cosmologia. 
 
 CLAY. n. s. [clai, Welsh ; khi/, Dutcli.] 
 
 1. Unctuous and tenacious earth, such as 
 will mould into a certain form. 
 
 Clays are earths firmly coherent, weighty and 
 compact, stiff, viscid, and ductile to a great de- 
 
 ftee, while moist ; smooth to the touch, not easily 
 reaking between the fingers, nor readily ditiusi- 
 h\e in water; and, when mixed, not readily sub- 
 siding from it. HUl on Fossils- 
 Deep Acheron, 
 Whose troubled eddies, thick with ooze and clay, 
 Are whirl'd aloft. Bri/n'cn. 
 Expose the c/ai; to the rain, to drain it' from 
 •alts, that the bricks may be more durable. 
 
 Woodward on Fossils. 
 The SUA, which softens wax, will Itarden clay. 
 
 . Watts. 
 
 Clover is the best way of improving chiys, 
 
 where manure is scarce. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 2. [In poetry.] Earth in general; the 
 terrestrial element. 
 
 CLE 
 
 Why should our clay 
 Otct our spirits so much sway ? Donne. 
 
 To Clay. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cover with clay ; to manure with clay. 
 
 This manuring lasts fifty years : then the Hfnnd 
 must be claitcd a£;ain. Mortimer's HiL^baudry. 
 
 Clay-cold. adj. [clai/ and coid,] Life- 
 less ; cold as the unanimated earth. 
 
 I wash'd liis clay-cold corse with holy drops, 
 And saw him laid in Iiallow'd ground. Houe. 
 
 Clay-pit. «. s. [clai/ and pit.'] A pit 
 where clay is dug. 
 
 *Twas found in a clay-pit. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 Clayes. n. s, [clat/e, Fr. In fortifica- 
 tion.] Wattles made with stakes inter- 
 wove with osiers, to cover lodgments. 
 
 C/ia7iihers. 
 Cla'yey. adj, [from clai/.] Consisting 
 of clay ; abounding with clay. 
 
 Some in a lax or sandy, some a heavy or chyeu 
 soil. Dn-ham. 
 
 Cla'yish. adj, [from clai/.] Pai-taking 
 of the nature of clay ; containing parti- 
 cles of clay. 
 
 Small beer proves an unwliolesome drink ; per- 
 haps, by being brewed with a thick, muddish, and 
 clayish water, which the brewers covet. 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Cla'ymarl. 71. s, [clay and marl!\ A 
 whitish, smooth, chalky clay. 
 
 Claymarl resembles clay, and is near a-kin to 
 it; but is more fat, and sometimes mixed with 
 chalk-stones. Mortimer s Husbandry, 
 
 CLEAN, adj. [glan, Welsh; claene. Sax.] 
 
 1. Free from dirt or filth ; as, c/t'ffw water. 
 
 Both his hands, most filthy feculent. 
 Above the water were on high extent. 
 And fain'd to wash themselves incessantly j 
 Yet nothing cleaner were for such intent, 
 But rather touler. Fairy Queen. 
 
 They make clean the outside of the cup and of 
 the pfatter, but within they are full of extortion 
 and excess, Matthew- 
 
 He that hath cleari liands and a pure heart. Psa/ms. 
 Create in me a clcari heart, God ! Psalms. 
 
 2. Free from moral impurity ; chaste ; 
 innocent ; guiltless. 
 
 3. Elegant; neat; not unwieldly; not 
 encumbered with any thing useless or 
 disproportioned. 
 
 The timber and wood are in some trees more 
 clean, in. some more knotty. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Yet thy waist is straight and clean 
 As Cupid's shaft, or Ilermcs'rod. Waller. 
 
 4. Not foul with any loathsome disease ; 
 not leprous. 
 
 If the plague be somewhat dark, and spread not 
 in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean. 
 
 Leviticus. 
 
 5. Dexterous ; not bungling ; feat : as, a 
 clean trick; a c/e'a7i leap ; a clean hoxev. 
 
 Clean, adv, 
 
 1, Quite; perfectly; fully; completely. 
 This sense is now little used. 
 
 Their actions liave been clean contrary unto 
 tljose before mentioned. llooker. 
 
 Being seated, and doraestick broils 
 CUan overblown. Shahcsp. 
 
 A philosopher, pressed with the same objection, 
 shapes an answer c/ea7i contraiy. 
 
 Hakewill on Providence. 
 
 2, Without miscarriage ; in a dexterous 
 
 manner. 
 
 Pope came ofl' c/can with Homer ; but they say, 
 Broome went before, and kindl3' swept tlu* wav. 
 
 Henley. 
 
 To Clean, v. a. [from the adjective.] 
 To free from dirt or filth. 
 
 CLE 
 
 Their tribes adjusted, cUan'd their vigVoat 
 wingf. 
 And many a circle, many a short essay, 
 Whet'l'd round and round. Thornton, 
 
 Cle'anhly. adv, [from c/e/in/y.] In a 
 
 cleanly manner. 
 Cleanliness, n. s. [from cleaniy.] 
 !• Freedom from dirt or filth. 
 
 I shaU speak rtotliing of the extent of thiscityp 
 the cleanlineiS of its streets, nor the beauties of its 
 piazza. Adduon. 
 
 2. Neatness of dress ; purity; the quality 
 contrary to negligence and nastiness. 
 
 The mistress tliought it either not to deserve, or 
 not to need, any exquisite decking, having uo 
 adorning but cleanliness. Sufney. 
 
 From wlience the tender skin assumes 
 A sweetness above all perfumes ; 
 From wlience a cleanliness remains. 
 Incapable of outward staiits. Strjft. 
 
 Such cleanliness from head to heel ; 
 No humours gross, or frowzy steams. 
 No noisome whiffy, or sweaty btreams. Swift, 
 
 Cleanly, adj. [from clean,] 
 
 1. Free from dirtiness; careful to avoid 
 filth ; pure in the person. 
 
 Next that shall mountain 'sparagus be laid, 
 PuU'd by some plain but ckaniy country maid. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 An ant is a very cleanly insect, and tlirows out 
 of her nest all the small remains of the com on 
 which she feeds. Addison. 
 
 2. That which makes cleanliness. 
 
 In our fantastick ctimes, the fair 
 "SVith cleanly powder dry their hair. Prior, 
 
 3. Pure ; innocent ; immaculate. 
 
 Perhaps human nature meets few more sweetly 
 relishing and cleanlxf joys, than those that derive 
 from successful trials. GlanvilU. 
 
 4. Nice ; addressful ; artful. 
 
 Through his fine handling, and his cleanly play. 
 
 All those royal signs had stole away. Spenser. 
 
 We can secure ourselves a retreat by some 
 
 cleanly evasion. UEstrange's Fables. 
 
 Cle'anly. adv. [from clean.] Elegantly ; 
 
 neatly ; without nastiness. 
 
 If I do grow great, I'll leave sack, and live 
 cleanly, as a nobleman should. Shakesp. Henry IV . 
 Cle'anness. w. s. [from clean.] 
 
 1. Neatness; freedom from filth. 
 
 2. Easy exactness ; justness ; natural, 
 unlaboured correctness. 
 
 He shewed no strentzth in shaking of his staff, 
 but the fine cleanness of bearing it was delightful. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 He minded only the clearness of his satire, and 
 the cleanriess of expression. Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 3. Purity; innocence. 
 
 The cleajiness and puritj' of one's mind is never 
 belter proved, than in discovering its own faults 
 at first view. Pope. 
 
 To Cleanse, v. a. [claenpan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To free from fildi or dirt, by washing 
 or rubbing. 
 
 Cleanse the pale corps with a religious hand 
 From the polluting weed and common sand. 
 
 Prior, 
 
 2. To purify from guilt. 
 
 The blueuess of a wound cleanseth awav evil. 
 
 Prorerhs. 
 
 Not all her od'rous tears can cleanse her crime, 
 
 Tlie plant alone deforms the happ^' clime. Dryd. 
 
 3. To free from noxious humours by 
 purgation, 
 
 Ciuist thou not minister to a mind dlseas'd. 
 And, with some sweet oblivious antidote. 
 Cleanse the stutT'd bosom of that perilous stulT 
 Which weighs upon tlie heart f Shakesp. 
 
 This oil, combmed witli its own salt and sugar, 
 makes it saponaceous ar.d cleaming, by w hic!i tona- 
 lity it often helps digestion, and excites appetite • 
 I irbutlniot ifJt Aiimentt, 
 
 319
 
 CLE 
 
 4. To free from leprosy. 
 
 Shew tlivself to tlic priesl, and offer for thy 
 cUatising tliose tilings wliicli IMosct conmiandcd. 
 
 Mark, i. +1. 
 
 5. To scour; to rid of all offensive things. 
 This river the Jews prodcred tlic pope to cleanse, 
 
 so they might have what they found. 
 
 Addison on Italy, 
 
 Cle'anskr. n. s. [clacnj-epe. Sax.] That 
 
 which has the quality of evacuating any 
 
 foul humours, or digesting a sore ; a 
 
 detergent. 
 
 If there liappcns an imposthume, honey, and 
 even huney of roses, taken inwardly, is a good 
 cleanser. Arbnthnot. 
 
 CLEAR, adj. [clair, Fr. klaer, Dutch; 
 cltints, Lat.] 
 
 I . Bright ; transpicuous ; pellucid ; trans- 
 parent; luminous; without opacity or 
 cloudiness ; not nebulous ; not opacous ; 
 not dark. 
 
 Tlie stream is so transparent, pure, and clear. 
 That, liad the self-eiiamour'd yonth gaz'd here, 
 He but the bottom, not his face, had seen. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. Perspicacious ; sharp. 
 
 Michael from Adam's eyes the film remov'd, 
 Which that false fruit, that promis'd clearer sight, 
 Had bred. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 A tun about was every pillar there ; 
 A polish'd mirrour shon'e not half so clear. 
 
 Vrxtdcn's Fables. 
 
 3. Cheerful ; not clouded with care or 
 anger. 
 
 Sternly lie pronounc'd 
 The rigid interdiction, which resounds 
 Vet dreadful iri mine ear, though in my choice 
 Not to incur ; but soon his clear asjiect 
 lleturn'd, and gracious purpose thus renew'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 4 Free from clouds ; serene. 
 
 I will darken the earth in a clear day. Amos. 
 And the clear sun on iiis wide watery glass 
 Gaz'd hot. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 5. Without mixture ; pure ; unmingled. 
 
 6. Perspicuous; not obscure; not hard to 
 be understood ; not ambiguous. 
 
 We pretend to give a clear account how thunder 
 and lightning is produced. Temple. 
 
 Many men reason exceeding clear and rightly, 
 who know not how to make a syllogism. Locke. 
 
 7. Indisputable ; evident ; undeniable. 
 Reraain'd to our almighty foe 
 
 Clear victory ; to our part Joss, and rout 
 Through all th' empyrean. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 8. Apparent ; manifest ; not hid ; r.ot 
 dark. 
 
 The hemisphere of earth, in clearest ken, 
 Stretch'd out to th' amplest reach of prospect lay. 
 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 Unto God, who uiiderstandeth all their secret 
 
 cogitations, they are clear and manifest. Hooker. 
 
 The pleasure of right reasoning is still the greater, 
 
 by how much the consequences are more clear, 
 
 and the chains of them more long. 
 
 Burnet's Thtonj. 
 
 9. Quick to understand ; prompt ; acute. 
 Mother of science, now I feel thy power 
 
 Within me clear, not only to discern 
 
 Things in their causes, but to trace the ways 
 
 Of highest agents, deem'd however wise. Milson. 
 
 10. Unspotted; guiltless; irreproachable, 
 
 Duncan has been so clear in his great office. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Think that the clearest gods, who make ihem 
 honours 
 Of men's impossibilities, have preserv'd thee, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Kepentance so altereth and chaiigclh a man 
 through the mercy of God, be he never so de- 
 filed, that it makelh him pure and clear. 
 
 Whitgifte. 
 
 CLE 
 
 Though the peripritetick philosophy has been 
 most eminent in its way, yet other sects have not 
 been wholly clear of it. Locke. 
 
 Statesman, vet frleiiH to truth, in soul sincere, 
 In action faitliful, and in honour clear. Pope. 
 
 1 1. Unprepossessed ; not preoccupied ; 
 impartial. 
 
 Leucippe, of whom one look, in a clear judg- 
 ment, would have been more acceptable than ail 
 lier kindness so prodigally bestowed- Sidney. 
 
 12. Free from distress, prosecution, or im- 
 puted guilt. 
 
 The cruel corp'ral whlsper'd in my car. 
 Five pounds, if rightly tipt.would set me c/e/ir-Gai/- 
 
 13. Free from deductions or encum- 
 brances. 
 
 Hope, if the success happens to fail, is clear 
 gains as long as it lasts. Collier against Despair. 
 
 Wli.itever a foreigner, who purchases land 
 here, gives for it, is so much every farthiiie; clear 
 gain to the nation ; for that money comes clear'in, 
 without carrying out any thing for it. Locke. 
 
 I often wish'd that I Iiad clear. 
 For life, six hundred pounds a-year. Swift. 
 
 14. Unencumbered ; without let or hin- 
 drance; vacant; unobstructed. 
 
 If he he so far beyond Iiis Iiealtli, 
 Methinks he should the sooner pay his debts, 
 And make a clear way to the gods. Shakesp. 
 
 A post-boy winding his horn at us, my com- 
 panion gave him two or three curses, and left the 
 way clear for him. Addison. 
 
 A clear stage is left for Jupiter to display his 
 omnij)otence, and turn the fate of armies alone. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 15. Out of debt. 
 
 16. Unentangled; at a safe distance from 
 any danger or enemy. 
 
 Finding ourselves too slow of sail, we put on a 
 compelled valour, and in the grapple I boarded 
 them: on tlie instant they got c/tar of our ship. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 It requires care for a man with a double design 
 
 to keep clear of clashing with liis own reasonings. 
 
 L'Estravge. 
 
 17. Canorous; sounding distinctly, plain- 
 ly, articulately. 
 
 1 much approved of my friend's insisting upon 
 the qualifications of a good aspect and a clear voice. 
 
 Addison. 
 Hark ! th' numbers soft and clear 
 Gently steal upon the ear ; 
 Now louder and yet louder rise. 
 And fill with spreading sounds the skies. Pope. 
 10, Free; guiltless: -with from. 
 
 I am clear from the blood of this woman. 
 
 Sjisanna. 
 
 None is so fit to correct their faults, as he who 
 
 is clear from any in his own writings. Dryden. 
 
 19. Sometimes with of. 
 
 The air is clearer o/" gross and damp exhalations. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 20. Used of persons. Distinguishing ; 
 judicious ; intelligible : this is scarcely 
 used but in conversation. 
 
 Clear, adv. 
 
 1. Plainly; not obscurely. 
 
 Now clear I understand 
 What oft my sleddiest thoughts have search'd in 
 vain. Milton. 
 
 2. Clean; quite; completely. A low word. 
 
 He put his mouth to her ear, and, under pre- 
 text of a whisper, bit it clear off. L'Estrange. 
 
 Clear. ??. s. A term used by builders 
 for the inside of a house ; the space 
 within from wall to wall. 
 To Clear, r. a. [from the adjective.] 
 1. To make bright, by removing opacous 
 bodies; to brighten. 
 
 Your eyes, that seem so clear, 
 Vet are but dim, shall perfectly be then 
 Opeii'd and clear'd, Miltoris Par.Iott. 
 
 CLE 
 
 Like Boreas in his race, when rushing fortli. 
 He sweeps the skies, and clears the cloudy North. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 A savoury dish, a homely treat. 
 Where ail is plain, where all is neat. 
 Clear up the cloudy foreheads of the great. Dryd. 
 
 2. To free from obscurit}^ perplexity, or 
 ambiguity. 
 
 To clear up tlie several parts of this theory, I 
 was willing to lay aside a great many other spe- 
 culations. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 When, in the knot of the play, no other way is 
 left for the discovery, then let a god descend, and 
 clear the business to the audience. Dryden. 
 
 By mystical terms, and ambiguous phrases, he 
 darkens what he should clear up, Boyle. 
 
 I\Iany knotty points there are, 
 Which all discuss, but few can clear. Prior. 
 
 3. To.purge from the imputation of guilt; 
 to justify ; to vindicate ; to defend : 
 often with /row before the thing. 
 
 Somerset was much cleared bv the death of 
 those who were executed, to make him appear 
 faulty. ^ Sir John Hayivard. 
 
 To clear the Deity from the imputation "of ty- 
 raiuiy, injustice, ana dissimulation, which none do 
 throw upon God with more presumption than 
 those who are the patrons of absolute necessity, is 
 both comely and christian. 
 
 Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 To clear herself, 
 Flt sending him no aid, she came from Ecypt. 
 
 I)ryden. 
 
 I will appeal to the reader, and am sure he will 
 
 clear me from partiality. Dryden s Fables. 
 
 How ! wouldst thoii clear rebellion ? Addison. 
 
 Before yuu pray, clear your soulsjrnm all those 
 
 sins, which you know to be displeasing to God. 
 
 Wake's Preparation for Death. 
 
 4. To cleanse: vdth of or from. 
 
 My hands are of your colour ; but I shame 
 To wear a heart so white : 
 A little water c/cars us oftWis deed. Shakesp 
 
 5. To remove any encumbrance, or em- 
 barrassment. 
 
 A man digging in the ground did meet with a 
 
 door, having a wall on each hand of it ; from 
 
 which having cleared the earth, he forced open 
 
 the door. Wilkins. 
 
 This one mighty sum h^s clear d the debt. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A statute lies hid in a block of marble j and the 
 art of the statuary only clears away the superflu- 
 ous matter, and removes the rubbish. 
 
 Addisons Spectator. 
 Multitudes will furnish a double proportion to* 
 wards the clearing of that expcnce. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 6. To free from any thing offensive or 
 noxious. 
 
 To clear the palace from the foe, succeed 
 The weary living, and revenge the dead. Dryd. 
 
 It should be the skill and art of the teacher to 
 clear their heads of all otherthoughts, whilst they 
 are learning of any thing. Locke on Education. 
 
 Augustus, to establish the dominion of the seas, 
 rigged out a powerfCl navy to c/ear it of the pirates 
 of Malta. Arbuthnot. 
 
 7. To clarify ; as, to clear liquors. 
 
 8. To gain without deduction. 
 
 He clears but two hundred thousand crowns a 
 year, after having defrayed all the charges of work- 
 ing the salt. Addison. 
 
 0. To confer judgment or knowledge. 
 Our common prints would clear up their under- 
 standings, and animate their minds with virtue. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 10. To clear a Skip, at the custom-house. 
 is to obtain the liberty of sailing, or 
 of selling a cargo, by satisfying the 
 customs. 
 
 To Clear, v, n. 
 
 1. To grow bright; to recover transpa- 
 rency. 
 
 S20
 
 CLE 
 
 So foul a sky clears not without a storm. Shak. 
 
 2. Sometimes with up. 
 
 llie mist, that hung about my mind, clean tip. 
 
 Addisorit 
 Take heart, nor of the laws of fate complain ; 
 Tlio' now 'tis cloudy, 'twill clear up again. Sarris. 
 Advise him to stay till the weather clears up, 
 for 3*ou are afraid there will be rain. 
 
 Swift's Directions M the Groom. 
 
 3. To be disengagetl from encumbrances, 
 distress, or entanglements. 
 
 He that clears at mice, will relapse ; for, find- 
 ing himself out of straits, he will reveit to his 
 customs ; but he that cleureih by degrees, induceth 
 a habit of frucalily, and gaineth as well upon bis 
 mind as upon his estate. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Cle'arance, n. s. [from clear.] A cer- 
 tificate that a ship has been cleared at 
 the custom-house. 
 
 Cle'arer, n. s. [from clear.] Brightener ; 
 purifier ; enlightener. 
 
 Gold is a wonderful clearer of the understand- 
 ing : it dissipates every doubt and scruple in an 
 instant. Addison. 
 
 <^le'arly, adv. [from clear.] 
 
 1. Brightly; luminously. 
 
 Mysteries of grace and salvation, which were 
 but darkly disclosed unto them, have unto us 
 more clearly shined. Hooker. 
 
 2. Plainly; evidently; without obscurity 
 or ambiguity. 
 
 Christianity first clearly proved this noble and 
 important truth to the world. Rogers. 
 
 3. With discernrnent ; acutely; without 
 embarrassment or perplexity of mind. 
 
 There is almost no man but sees clearlier and 
 sharper the vices in a speaker than the virtues. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 i. Without entanglement or distraction of 
 affairs. 
 
 He that doth not divide, will never enter into 
 business ; and he that divideth too much, will 
 never come out of it clearly. Bacons Essai/s. 
 
 5. Without by-ends; without sinister 
 views ; honestly. 
 
 When j'ou are examining these matters, do not 
 take into consideration any sensual or worldly in- 
 terest ; but deal clearly anil impartially with your- 
 selves. Tilhtson. 
 
 6. Without deduction or cost. 
 
 7. Without reserve; without evasion; with- 
 out subterfuge. 
 
 By a certain day they should clearly relinquish 
 unto the king all tneir lands and possessions. 
 
 Vavies on Ireland. 
 
 Cle'arness, n. s. [from clear.] 
 
 1 . Transparency ; brightness. 
 
 It may be, percolation doth not only cause 
 
 clearness and sjilendour, but sweetness of savour. 
 
 Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 Glass in the furnace grows to a greater magni- 
 tude, and refines to a greater clearness, only as the 
 breath within is more powerful, and llie heat 
 more intense. Bacon. 
 
 2. Splendour ; lustre. 
 
 Love, more clear than yourself, with the clear- 
 ness, lays a night of sorrow upon me. Sidney. 
 
 3. Distinctness ; perspicuity. 
 
 If he chances to think right, he does not know 
 bow to convey his thoughts to another with clear- 
 ness and perspicuity. AddisonsSpect. 
 
 4. Sincerity ; honesty ; plain dealing. 
 
 When the case required dissimulation, if they 
 used it, the former opntion spread abroad, of their 
 good faith and clearness of dealing, made them 
 almost invincible. Bacon. 
 
 5. Freedom from imputation. 
 
 1 require a ci'anicss. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Clear-sighted, adj. [clear and sight.] 
 Perspicuous ; discerning ; judicious. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CLE 
 
 Clearsighted reason wisdom's judgment leads ; 
 And sense, her vassal, in her footsteps treads. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 To Clearstarch, v. a. [from clear and 
 starch.] To stiffen with starch. 
 
 He took his present lodging at the mansion- 
 house of a tailor's widow, who washes, and can 
 clearstarch his bands. Adiiscm. 
 
 To CLE.WE, 11. n. pret. I clave, [cleojian, 
 Sax. kleven, Dutcli.] 
 
 1 . To adhere ; to stick ; to hold to. 
 
 The clarifying of liquors by adhesion, is ef- 
 fected when some cleaving body is mixed with the 
 liquors, wliereby the grosser part sticks to tliat 
 cleaving body. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Water, in small quantity, clenveth to any thing 
 that is solid. " Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 When the dust groweth into hardness, and the 
 clods cleave fast toeetber. ^ ^ Job. 
 
 The thin cameleon, fed with air, receives 
 The colour of the thin" tj which he cleaves. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To unite aptly ; to fit. 
 
 New honours come upon him. 
 Like our strange garments, cleave not to their 
 
 mould. 
 But with the aid of use. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To unite in concord and interest; to 
 adhere. 
 
 The apostles did conform the christians accord- 
 ing to the pattern of the Jews, and made them 
 cleave the better. _ _ Hooker. 
 
 The men of Judah clave unto their king. Sam. 
 
 If you shall cleave to my consent, when tis 
 It shall make honour for you. Shakes 
 
 The people would revolt, if they saw any of 
 the French nation to cleave unto. 
 
 Knolles's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 4. To be concomitant to ; to be united 
 with. 
 
 We catniot imagine, that, in breeding or be- 
 getting failli, his grace doth cleave to the one, and 
 forsake the other. Hooker. 
 
 To CLEAVE, V. a. preter. I clove, I clave, 
 I cleft ; part. pass, cloven, or cleft. 
 [cleopan, Sax, kloven, Dutch.] 
 
 1. To divide with violence; to split ; to 
 part forcibly into pieces. 
 
 And at their passing cleave th' Assyrian flood. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The fountains of it are said to have been cloven, 
 
 or burst open. Biiniet's Theory of the Earth. 
 
 The blessed minister his wings display'd, 
 And, like a shooting-star, he cleft the night. Dn/rf. 
 Rais'd on her dusky wings, she cleaves the skies. 
 
 Driiden. 
 Whom with such force he struck, he fell'd him 
 down. 
 And cleft the circle of his golden crown. Dryden. 
 
 Or had the sun 
 Elected to the earth a nearer seat. 
 His beams had cleft the hill, the valley dry'd. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 Where whole brigades one champion's arms 
 o'erthrow. 
 And cleave a giant at a random blow. Tickell. 
 
 Not half so swift the trembling doves can fly. 
 When the fierce eagle cleaves the liquid sky. Pope. 
 
 2. To divide ; to part naturally. 
 
 And every beast that iiarteth the hoof, and 
 cleaveth the cleft into two claws. Deuteronomy. 
 
 To Cleave, v. n. 
 
 ] . To part asunder. 
 
 Wars 'twixt you twain, would be 
 As if tlie world should cleave, and that slain men 
 Should solder up the rift. 
 
 Shakesp. Antony ana Cleopatra. 
 The ground clave asunder that was under them. 
 
 Numbers. 
 He cut the cleaving sky. 
 And in a moment vanish'd from her eye. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 CLE 
 
 2. To suffer division. 
 
 It cleaves with a glossy polite substance, not 
 plane, but with some little uncvenness. 
 
 A'orlon'i Opticht. 
 
 Cleaver, n. s. [from cleave.] 
 
 1 . A butcher's instrument to cut animals 
 into joints. 
 
 Vou gentlemen keep a parcel of roaring bullies 
 about me day and night, with huzzas and liunting 
 horns, and ringing the changes on butchers clea- 
 vers. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Tho' arm'd with all thy cleavers, knives. 
 And axes made to hew down lives. Hudibras. 
 
 2. A weed. Improperly wTitten Cliver. 
 Clees, n. s. Tlie two parts of the foot of 
 
 beasts which are cloven-footed. .Skinner. 
 It is a country word, and probably cor- 
 rupted from claws. 
 
 Clef, n. s. [from clef key, Fr.] In musick 
 a mark at the beginning of the lines of 
 a song, which shews the tone or key in 
 which the piece is to begin. Chambers. 
 
 ChETT, part. pass, [from cleave.] Divided; 
 parted asunder. 
 
 Fat with incense strcw'd 
 On the cleft wood. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 I never did on cleft Parnassus dream, 
 Nor taste the sacred Heliconian stream. Dryden. 
 
 Cleft, n. s. [froiTi cleave.] 
 
 1. A space made by the separation of 
 parts ; a crack ; a crevice. 
 
 The cascades seem to break through the cleft* 
 and cracks of rocks. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 The extremity of this cape has a long deft in it, 
 w hich was enlarged and cut into shai>e by Agrip- 
 pa, who made this the great port for the Roman 
 tieet. .Addison on Italy. 
 
 The rest of it, being more gross and ponderous, 
 does not move far ; but lodges in l\\e clefts, crags, 
 and sides nf the rocks, near the bottom of tliem. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 2. In farriery. 
 
 Clefts appear on the bought of the pasterns, and 
 are caused by a sharp and malignant humour, 
 which frets the skin ; and it is accompanied with 
 pain, and a noisome stench. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 His horse it is the herald's weft ; 
 No, 'tis a mare, and hath a cleft. Ben Jonson. 
 
 To Cle'ftgraft, v. a. [cleft and graft.] 
 To engraft by cleaving the stock of a 
 tree, and inserting a branch. 
 Filberts may be cleftgraftcd on thecommon nut. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 Cle'mency, n. s. [clemence, Fr. dementia, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Mercy ; remission of severity ; ■(villing- 
 ness to spare ; tenderness in punishing. 
 
 1 have stated the true notion of clemency, mer- 
 cy, compassion, good-nature, humanity, or what- 
 ever else it may be called, so far as is consistent 
 with w isdom. Addtsen. 
 
 2. Mildness; softness. 
 
 Then in the clemency of upward air 
 We'll scour our spots," and the dire thunder scar. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 CLEMENT, adj. [clemens, Lat.] Mild ; 
 gentle ; merciful ; kind ; tender ; com- 
 passionate. 
 
 You arc more clement than vile men. 
 Who of their broken debtors take a third. 
 Letting them thrive again on the abatement. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Clench. See Clinch. 
 To Clepe, v. a. [clypian. Sax.] To call ; 
 Obsolete. 
 Three crabbed months had sowt'd themselves to 
 death. 
 Ere 1 could make thee open thj white hand. 
 
 And clepe thyself my love. Shakesp. 
 
 Tt 321
 
 CLE 
 
 CLERGY, n.s. [chrge, Fr. citrus, Lat. 
 it>t)^of, Greek.] The body of men set 
 apart by due ordination for the service 
 of God. 
 
 We huld that God's clergy are a state wiiich 
 hath been, and will be as ionj: as there is a church 
 uiKJii earth, necessary, by the pJain w(»rd nf Gud 
 Iiimself ; a state whereunlo the rest of God's [leo- 
 plc must be subject, as touching the tiiiiit;s that 
 appertain to their soul's health. Hooker, 
 
 The convocation give a greater sum 
 Than ever, at one time, the clergit yet 
 UJd to his predecessors part withal. Shaka^. 
 
 Cle'rgyman, n.s, [clergy and man,'] A 
 man in holy orders ; a man set apart for 
 ministration of holy things; notalaick. 
 
 How I liave sped among the clergymen. 
 The sums I have collected shall express. Shtikesp. 
 
 It seems to be in the power of a reasonable cler- 
 gyman to make the most ignorant man compre- 
 hend his duty. Su'iji. 
 
 Cleric AU adj. [clericut, Lat.] Relating 
 
 to the clergy : as, a clerical man, a man 
 
 in orders. 
 In clcncals the keys are lined, and in colleges 
 
 they use to line the table-men. Bacon's Nat. Wst. 
 Unless M'e may more properly read clari- 
 
 chords. 
 CLERK, tt. s. [clejiic. Sax. clericus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A clergyman. 
 
 All persons were styled clerks, that served in 
 the cliurch of Christ, whether tliey were bishoi>s, 
 priests, or deacons. Aylijfe. 
 
 2. A scholar; a man of letters. 
 
 They might talk uf book-learning what tliey 
 would ; but, for his part, he never saw more un- 
 featy fellows than great clerks were. Sidney. 
 
 The greatest clerks being not always the ho- 
 nestest, any more than the wisest, men. South. 
 
 3. A man employed under another a^ a 
 ■writer. 
 
 My lord Bassanio save his ring away 
 Unto thejudge ; and then the boy, hhclerk, 
 That took some pains in writing, lie begg'd mine. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 My friend was in doubt whether he could nut 
 exert the justice upon such a vagrant ; but not 
 having his clerk with him, who is a necessary 
 counsellor, he let the thought drop. Addison. 
 
 4. A petty writer in public offices ; an 
 officer of various kinds. 
 
 Take a just view, liow many may remark. 
 Who's now a lord, his grandsire was a clerk. 
 
 Crunvillc. 
 It may seem difficult to make out the bills of 
 fare for the suppers of Vitellius. I question not 
 but an expert clerk of a kitchen can do it. 
 
 Arbxithnot. 
 
 5. The layman who reads the responses to 
 the congregation in the church, to direct 
 the rest. 
 
 Cle'rkship, n. s. [from cler/c] 
 
 1. Scholarship. 
 
 2. The office of a clerk of any kind. 
 
 He sold the clerkship of his parish, when it be- 
 came vacant. Swiji^s Miscellan'ws. 
 
 Cleve, f In composition, at the begin- 
 Clif, > ning or end of the proper 
 Clive, 3 name of a place, denotes it 
 to be situated on the side of a rock or 
 hill ; as, Cleveland, Clifton, StancUff. 
 CLE'VER, adj. [of no certain etymology.] 
 I. Dexterous; skilful. 
 
 It wa* the cleverer mockery of the two. 
 
 V Estrange. 
 
 I read Dyer's letter more for the style than the 
 
 news. The man has a clever pen, it must he owned. 
 
 Addisons Freeholder. 
 
 S*Just; fit; proper; commodious. 
 
 c L I 
 
 He can't but think 'twould sound more cltver, 
 To me, aud to my heirs for ever. Pope, 
 
 3. Well-shaped ; handsome. 
 
 She callt^d him eundy-guts, and lie called her 
 lousy Peg, thou){h the girl was a tight clever wench 
 as any was. Arbuthnot. 
 
 4. Tliis is alow word, scarcely ever used 
 but in burlesque or conversation ; and 
 applied to any thing a man likes, with- 
 out a settled meaning. 
 
 Cle'verly, adv. [from c/eDer.]Dexterous- 
 ly ; fitly ; handsomely. 
 
 Tliese would inveigle rats with tli' scent. 
 And sometimes catch thcni with a snap. 
 As cleverly as th' ablest trap. Hudibras. 
 
 A rogue upon the highway may have as strong 
 an arm, aud take oiT a man s head as ctcverlij as 
 the executioner. South. 
 
 Cle'verness, n. s. [from c^fivr.] Dexte- 
 rity ; skill ; accomplishment. 
 CLEW, 71. s. [clype, Sax. kloitu'tn, Dutch.] 
 
 1. Thread wound upon a bottom; a ball 
 of thread. 
 
 Eftsoons untwisting his deceitful clew. 
 He gan to weave a web of wicked guile. Spenser. 
 
 While, guided bv some c/eu' of heavenly thread, 
 The perplc.i'd labyrinth we backward tread. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 They see small c/ea'5 draw vastest weights along, 
 Not in their bulk, but in their order, strong. Dri/d. 
 
 2. A guide; a direction: because men di- 
 rect themselves by a clew of thread in 
 a labyrinth. 
 
 'l"his alphabet must be your own clew to guide 
 
 you. Holder. 
 
 Is there no way, no thought, no beam of light ? 
 
 No cktc to guide' me thro' this gloomy maze. 
 
 To clear my honour, j-et preserve luy faith '^Smith. 
 
 The reader knows not how to transport his 
 
 thoughts over to the next particular, forv.antof 
 
 some ckw, or connecting idea, to lay hold of. 
 
 Tl arti's Logich. 
 
 3. Clew of the sail of a ship, is the lower 
 corner of it, which reaches down to that 
 earing where the tackles and sheets are 
 fastened. Harris. 
 
 To Clew, v. a. [from cleiv, a sea-term.] To 
 clew the sails, is to raise them, in order 
 to be furled; which is done by a rope 
 fastened to the clew of a sail, called the 
 clew-garnet. Ha7-ris. 
 
 To CLICK, v.n. [cliken, Dutch ; cligue- 
 ter, French ; or perhaps the diminutive 
 of clack.] To make a sharp, snoall, suc- 
 cessive noise. 
 
 The solemn death-watch cltclid, the hour she 
 died ; 
 And shrilling crich^ts in the chimney cried. Goy. 
 
 Clicker, n. s. [from click.] A low word 
 for the servant of a salesinan, who stands 
 at the door to invite customers. 
 
 Cli'cket, n.s. [from click.] The knocker 
 of a door. Skinner. 
 
 CLIENT, n. s. [cliens, Latin.] 
 
 1. One who applies to an advocate for 
 counsel and defence. 
 
 There is due from tlie judge to the advocate 
 some commendation, where causes are well hand- 
 led ; for thai upholds in the client the reputation 
 of his counsel. Bacon's Esso if s. 
 
 Advocates must deal plainly with their clients, 
 and tell the true state of their case. 
 
 Taylor's liule of' Living Holy. 
 
 2. It may be perhaps sometimes used for 
 a dependent in a more general sense, as 
 it was used among the Romans. 
 
 C L I 
 
 T do tlihik tliey are your friends and cUpnti, 
 And fearful to disturb you. lien Jonxm. 
 
 Cli'ented, particip. adj. [from client,] 
 Supplied with clients. 
 
 'I'tiis due occasion of discouragement, llie worst 
 conditioned and least cliented pclivoguers do yet, 
 under the sweet bait of revenge, convert to a 
 more plentiful prosecution of actions. 
 
 Careu's Suri^y of Coi^ntvnU. 
 
 CLiENTE'LE,n.s.[c/?en/e/ff, Lat] Ine condi- 
 tion or office of a client. A word scarce- 
 ly used. 
 
 There's Varus holds good quarters with him ; 
 And, under the pretext of clientele, 
 Will be admitted. Bat Jotium. 
 
 Cli'entship, n.s. [from client.] The con- 
 dition of a client. 
 
 Patronage and clientshrp among tlic Romans al- 
 ways descended ; the plebeian houses had recourse 
 to the patrician line which had formerly protected 
 them. Dryden. 
 
 Cliff, n. s. [clivus, Lat. clip, chop, Sax.] 
 
 1. A steep rock ; a rock, according to .S'A-i;«- 
 ner, broken and craggy, [riipes.] 
 
 The Leucadians did use to precipitate a manfrom 
 a high c/i//" into the sea. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Alountaineers, that from Severus came, 
 And from the craggy clip's of Tetrica. Dryden. 
 
 Wherever 'tis so found scattered upon the 
 shores, there is it as constantly found lodged in 
 the cliffs thereabouts. IVoodward. 
 
 2. The name of a character in musick. 
 Properly Clef. 
 
 Clift, n. s. The same with Cliff, Now- 
 disused. 
 
 Down he tumbled, like an aged tree. 
 High growing on the top of rocky clift. SpeTUier. 
 
 CLLMA'CTER, n. s. [xXi^ta^xi^ ] A certain 
 space of time, or progression of years, 
 which is supposed to end in a critical 
 and dangerous time. 
 
 Elder times, settling their conceits upon climae- 
 (er5,dilfer from one another. Browns Viilg. Err. 
 
 Climacte'rick, ) adj .[{vom cliniacter.] 
 
 Climacte'rical, j Containing a certain 
 
 number of years, at the end of which 
 
 some great change is supposed tobefal 
 
 the body. 
 
 Certain obscr^'able years are supposed to be at- 
 tended witli some considerable cliange in the 
 body -, as 'he seventh year ; the twcnty-tirst, made 
 up "of three times seven; the forty-ninth, made 
 up of seven times seven ; the sixty-third, being 
 nine times seven ; and the eighty-lirst, which is 
 nine times nine ; which two last are called the 
 grand climactericks. 
 
 The numbers seven and nine, multiplied into 
 themselves, do make up sixty-three, commonly 
 esteemed the great c/imac(frif<i( of our lives. 
 
 Brown's Vitlgar Errours. 
 
 Your lordship being now arrive<l at 3"0ur great 
 climacterique, yet give no proof of the least riecay 
 of your excellent judgment and comprehension. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 My mother is something better, ihouoli, at Iicr 
 advanced age, every day is a c/imaclericfc. Pope, 
 
 CLI'MATE, n. s. [xxif**.] 
 
 1. A space upon the surface of the earth, 
 measured from the equator to the polar 
 circles ; in each of which spaces the long- 
 est day is half an hour longer than in that 
 nearer to the equator. From the polar 
 circles to the poles, climates are mea- 
 sured by the increase of a month. 
 
 2. In the common and popular sense, a re- 
 gion, or tract of land, differing from ano- 
 ther by the temjjerature of the air. 
 
 Betwixt th' extremes, two happier c/ima(M hold 
 The temper that partakes of hot and cold. Dryd. 
 
 322
 
 C L I 
 
 On what new happy cVimale are we thrown ?Dri/d. 
 
 This talent of moVing Oie passwiw cannot be of 
 
 any great use in tlie nortlierci climates. Siriji^ 
 
 To Climate, v. n. To inhabit. A word 
 only in Shakespeare. 
 
 The blessed gods 
 Purge all infection from our air, whilst jou 
 Do climate here. Shahesji. 
 
 Cli'matlre, n. *. The same with Cli- 
 mate. Not in use. 
 
 Such harbingers preceding still the fates. 
 Have heaven and earth together demonstrated 
 Unto our climatares and countrymen. Shakesp. 
 Cli'm AX, n. s. [nAi/xaf] Gradation : ascent ; 
 a figure in rhetoiick, by which the sen- 
 tence rises gradually ; as Cicero says to 
 Catiline, Thou do'st nothing, movest no- 
 thing, thinkest notliing ; but I hear it, 1 
 see it, and perfectly understand it. 
 
 Choice between one excellency and another is 
 difficult ; and yet the conclusion, by a due ciimai, 
 is evermore the best. Dryd. Juc .DedicatUm. 
 
 Some radiant Richmond every age has grac'd, 
 Still rising in a cUmax, till the last. 
 Surpassing all, is not to be surpast. Granville. 
 To CLIMB, I'. 7i. pret. clonb or climbed ; 
 part, clomh or climbed, [chman, Sax. 
 ktimmen, Dut.] To ascend up any place ; 
 to mount by means of some hold or foot- 
 ing. It implies labour and difficulty, 
 and successive efforts. 
 
 Yon tempt the fury of my three attendants. 
 Lean famine, quartering steel, and climbing fire. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When shall Icome to th' top of that same hill ?— 
 
 —You do climb up it now. Look, how we labour. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon 
 
 his feet. 1 Sam. 
 
 As a thief 
 Into the window climbs, or o'er the tiles, 
 So clomb tlie first grand thief into God's fold. 
 
 ^ Miltm. 
 
 Tliou sun ! of this great world both eye and soul. 
 Acknowledge him thy creater ; sound his praise 
 In thy eternal course. Both when thou climh'st. 
 And when high noon hast gain'd, and when lliou 
 feU'st. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 No rebel "Titan's sacrilegious crime. 
 By heaping hills on hills, "can thiiUer climb. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 Black vapours climb aloft, and cloud the day. 
 
 Dryden. 
 "What controuling cause 
 Makes waters, in contempt ot nature's laws, 
 CUmb up, and gain th' aspiring mountain's height r 
 
 Blackmore. 
 To Climb, v. a. To ascend; to mount. 
 Is't not enough to break into my garden, 
 Climbing ray walls, in spite of me the owner ' Shak. 
 
 Thv arms pursue 
 Paths of renown, and climb ascents of fame.Prwr. 
 
 Forlorn he must and persecuted fiy ; 
 Climb the steep mountam, in the cavern lie. Phot-. 
 Cli'.mber, n. s. [from climb.] 
 
 1. One that mounts or scales any place or 
 thing ; a mounter ; a riser. 
 
 I wait not at the lawyer's gates, 
 Ne shoulder c/tmfcersdown the stairs. Carew's Surv. 
 
 Lowliness isvoung ambition's ladder, 
 ^^■hereto the cfimAer upward turns his face. Shak. 
 
 2. .\ plant that creeps upon other supports. 
 
 Ivy, briouy, honey-suckles, and other ciinif'trs, 
 must be dug up, Mortimer. 
 
 3. The name of a particular herb. 
 
 Tlie seeds are gathered into a little head, end- 
 ing in a kind of rough plume ; whence it is called 
 by the country people old mans beard. Miller. 
 
 To Climber, v. n. [from clamber.] To 
 mount with effort ; to climb. 
 
 Ill scaling the youngest to plueke off his becke 
 Beware how ye climber for breaking your neck. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 C L I 
 
 Clime, n. s. [contracted fromclimoie, and 
 therefore properly poetical.] Climate; 
 region ; tract of earth. 
 
 He can spread th^' name o'er land and seas. 
 Whatever clime tlie sun's bright circle warms. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Tbey apply the celestial description of other 
 
 ctijnes unto their own. Broicns f'"%- jErr. 
 
 Of beauty sing, her shinine progress view. 
 From ciime to cUme the daz2ling lighl pursue. 
 
 Granville. 
 We shall meet 
 In happier ctinies and on a safer siiore. Addison. 
 Health to vigorous bodies, or fruitful seasons in 
 temperate clinics^ are cuiumon and familiar bless- 
 ings. Atterburv. 
 To CLINCH. V. a. [clynisa, Sax. to knock, 
 Junius ; dingo, in Festus, to encom- 
 pass, ..Minshew.] 
 
 1 . To hold in the hand with the fingers 
 bent over it. 
 
 Siraois rowls the bodies and the shields 
 Of heroes, whose dismember'd hands yet bear 
 The dart aloft, and clinch the pointed spear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To contract or double the fingers. 
 
 Their tallest trees are about seven feet high, the 
 tops whereof I could but just reach with my fist 
 clinched. Su-ift. 
 
 3. To bend the point of a nail in the other 
 side. 
 
 4. To confirm ; to fix: as, to clinch an ar- 
 gument. 
 
 Clinch, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . A word used in a double meaning : a pun ; 
 an ambiguity ; a duplicity of meaiiing, 
 with an identity of expression. How it 
 obtains this meaning is difficult to finrl. 
 A nail caught on the other side, and dou- 
 bled, is a nail clinched ; a word taken in 
 a different meaning, and doubled in 
 sense, is likewise a clinch. 
 
 Such as the3- are, I liL'pe they will prove, v itli- 
 out a clinch, luciferous ; searching after the nature 
 of light. Boyle. 
 
 Pure clinches the suburbian muse affords. 
 And Panton waging haruiless war witJi words. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Here one poor word a hundred clinches makes. 
 
 Po!,c. 
 
 2. That part of the cable which is fastened 
 to the ring of the anchor. 
 
 Cli'ncher, n. s. [from clinch.] .\ cramp; 
 a holdfast ; a piece of iron bent down 
 to fasten planks. 
 
 The wimbles for the work Cal3'pso found ; 
 With those he pierc'd 'em, and with clinchers 
 bound. Pope. 
 
 To CLING, r.n. pret. I clung ; part. / 
 hare clung, [kli/nger, Danish.] 
 
 1. To hang upon bj' twining round ; to 
 stick to ; to hold ftst upon. 
 
 The broil long doubtful stood ; 
 As two spent swimmers that do cling together. 
 And choak their art. Shakesp. 
 
 The fontanel in his neck was descried bv the 
 clinsiiigoi his hair to the plaster. Wiseman s^nrg. 
 
 \Vheii thev Liiiited and •ogethcrr^in^. 
 When undislinguish'd in one heap they hung. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 See in the circle next Eliza plac'd. 
 Two babes of love close clinging to her waist. Pi»;>c. 
 
 That they may the closer cling. 
 Take your blue ribbon for a string. Su-ift. 
 
 2. To adhere, as followers or friends. 
 
 Most popularconsul be is grown, niethiiiks : 
 How the rout cling to him ! Ben JojL^m's Cataline. 
 
 3. To dry up ; to consume ; to waste ; to 
 
 C L I 
 
 pine away. [Declunjen rpeop, a wither- 
 ed tree.] 
 
 If thou speak'st false. 
 Upon the next tree shait thou hang al'rve, 
 THI famine c/ing thee. Siutkesp. Macbe:h. 
 
 Cli'ng Y, adj. [from cling.] Apt to cling ; 
 adhesive. 
 
 Cli'n'ical, 7 fl<//. [xXim to lie down.] 
 
 Clinick, 3 Those that keep their beds; 
 those that are sick, past hopes of reco- 
 very. A clinical lecture is a discourse 
 upon a disease, made by the b«l of the 
 patient. 
 
 A clinical convert, one that is convert- 
 ed on liis death-bed. This word occurs 
 often in the works ot Taylor. 
 
 To CLINK, I', a. [perhaps softened from 
 clank, or corrupted from click.] To 
 strike so as to make a small sharp noise. 
 Five years ! a long lease for the clinking of pew- 
 ter. Sftakejtp. 
 
 To Clink, v. n. To utter a small, sharji, 
 interrupted noise. 
 
 'I'he sever'd bars 
 Submissive clink against your brazen portals. Pritr. 
 
 Underneath th* umbrella's oily shed. 
 Safe thro' the wet on clinking piUcns trfad. 
 
 Gay's Triiia. 
 
 Clink, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. .\ sharp successive noise ; a knocking. 
 
 1 heard the clink and fall of swords. Shaketp. 
 
 2. Itseems in .Spenser tohavesome unusual 
 sense. I believe the knocker of a door. 
 
 Tho' creeping dote, behind the wicket's ciiii^, 
 Privilv he peeped out thro' a clunk. Spenser. 
 
 CLlXQUAyT, adj. [Fr.] Dressed in 
 embroidery, in spangles, false glitter, 
 tinsel finery. 
 
 To-day the French, 
 AWciinquant, all iiiuold, li k.e heathen gods. 
 Shone duwii the Eiigli:»h. Shakesp 
 
 To CLIP, V. a. [clippan. Sax.] 
 
 1. To embrace, by throwing the arms 
 round ; to hug ; to enfold in the arms. 
 
 He that before shunr.M lier, to shun such harms. 
 Now runs and lakes lier in his clipping arms. 
 
 Sidney^ 
 Here I clip 
 The anvil of mv sword, and do contest 
 JIutly and nobfy with thy love. Shakap. 
 
 O nation', that thou could st remove 
 Tliat Neptune's arms, who ci'tppeih thee about. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Enter the city ; clip yourwives, your fricods ; 
 
 Tell them your feats. " Shakesp. 
 
 The jades 
 Tliat dras the tragick melancholy night, 
 AVho with their drowsy, slow, and tlaggin« wings. 
 Clip dead man's graves. Shakap. 
 
 The male restcih oa the back of the female, clw- 
 pine and embracing her wiih his logs about ine 
 neck and bod\ . J^^iy- 
 
 2. To cut with sheers, [klipper, Danish ; 
 kiipptn, Dutch ; apparently from the 
 same radical sense, since sheers cut by 
 inclosing and embracing.] 
 
 Vour slu*er5 come too late to clip the bird's 
 winijs, that already is flown away. Sidney. 
 
 Then let him, tliat my love shall blamF, 
 Or clip luvc's wings, or quench love's llame. 
 
 Suckling. 
 He clips hope's win;;5, whose airy bliss 
 Much higher than fruition is. Denkam. 
 
 But love liad ctipp'd his wings and cut hira short, 
 Coofin'd witliln the purlieus of his court. 
 
 Dryden's FahUs. 
 If mankind had had wings, as perhaps sunie 
 extravagant atlieists may think us deficient iu that, 
 all the world mnst have consented to clip them. 
 
 Bentlcu. 
 
 323
 
 C L O 
 
 By this lock, this sacred lock, I swear, 
 Whicli never more shall join itii |»arted hair, 
 Ciipp'd from tlie lovely head where late it grew 
 
 Pope. 
 
 He spent every day ten hours doziiig, clipping 
 papers, or darning Ins stockin<;s. Swijt. 
 
 S. Sometimes with off. 
 
 We should then have as much feeling upon the 
 clipping off'n. hair, as the cutting oil' a nerve. 
 
 Bentleys Sermons. 
 
 4. It is particularly used of those who di- 
 minish coin, by paring the edges. 
 
 This design of new coinage, is just of the nature 
 of cUppijtg. ^ Locke. 
 
 5. To curtail ; to cut short. 
 
 AH my reports go with the modest truth ; 
 Nor more, nor dipt, but so. Shahesp. 
 
 Mrs. Mayoress c/ijoped the king's English. i4t/dis. 
 
 Even in London they clip their words after one 
 manner ahout the court, another in the city, and 
 a third In the suburbs. Swiji. 
 
 6. To confine ; to hold ; to contain. 
 
 Where is he living, cUpt in with the sea, 
 Who calls me pupil ? Shakesp. 
 
 To Clip. v. «. A phrase in falconry. 
 
 Some falcon stoops at what her eye designed, 
 And wiih her eagerness the quarry miss'd, 
 Str^ght flies at check, and clips it dowTi the wind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Cli'pper. n, s. [from clip,] Onethat de- 
 bases coin by catting. 
 
 It is no English treason to cut 
 
 French crowns, and to-morrow the king 
 
 Himself will be a clipper. Shahesp. 
 
 No coins pleased some mecallists more than 
 
 .those which had passed tnrough the hands of an 
 
 old Roman clipper. Addison. 
 
 Clipping, w. s. [from clip.] The part 
 cut or clipped off. 
 
 Beings purelymaterial, without sense or thought, 
 as the clippings of our beards, and parings of our 
 nails. Locke. 
 
 Cli'ver. w. s. An herb. More properly 
 written chaver. 
 
 It grows wild, the seeds sticking to the clothes 
 of such as pass by them. It is sometimes used in 
 medicine. Miller. 
 
 CLOAK, n. s. [lach, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . The outer garment, with Avhich the rest 
 
 are covered. 
 
 You may bear it 
 Under acloke tliat is of any length. Shahesp. 
 
 Their clokes were cloth of suver, mixed witli 
 gold. Dryden. 
 
 All arguments will be as little able to prevail, 
 as the wmd did with the traveller to part with his 
 cloak, which he held only the faster. Locke. 
 
 Nimbly be rose, and cast his garment down ; 
 That instant in hiscloak I wrapt me round. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. A concealment ; a cover. 
 
 Not using your liberty for a cloak of malicious- 
 ness. Peter. 
 
 To Cloak, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To cover with a cloak. 
 
 2. To hide ; to conceal. 
 
 Most heavenly fair, in deed and view, 
 She by creation was, till she did fall ; 
 Thenceforth she soughtfor helps to cloak her crimss 
 withal. Spenser. 
 
 Clo'ak-bag. n. s. [from cloak and bag.] 
 A portmanteau ; a bag in which clothes 
 are carried. 
 
 Why dost thou converse with that trunk of hu- 
 mours, that stutTcd cloakbag of guts ? Shakesp. 
 
 I have already fit 
 rTis in m3' cloakbag) doublet, hat, hose all 
 That answer to them. Shakesp^ 
 
 CLOCK, n. s. [clocc, Welsh, from clock a 
 
 bell, Welsh and Armorick; cloche Fr.] 
 
 1. The instrument which, by a series of 
 
 C L O 
 
 mechanical movements, tells the hour 
 by a stroke upon a bell. 
 
 If a man be in sickness or pain, the time will 
 
 seem longer without a clock or hour-glass than with 
 
 it. Bacon. 
 
 The picture of Jerome usually described at his 
 
 study, IS with a clock hanging by. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Brrours. 
 I told the cbcks and watch'd the wasting light. 
 
 Drydin. 
 
 2. It is an usual expression to say, What 
 is it of the clocks for What hour is it ? 
 Or te7i oclodcj for the tenth hour. 
 
 What ist o'clock ?—— — 
 Upon the stroke of four. Shakesp. 
 
 Macicaus set forward about ten o'clock in the 
 night. _ Knollcs. 
 
 About nine of the clock at night the king march- 
 ed out of the North-port. Clarendon. 
 
 3. The clock of a stocking ; the flowers or 
 inverted work about the ankle. 
 
 His stockings with silver clocks were ravished 
 from him. Swift. 
 
 4. An insect; a sort of beetle. Diet. 
 Clo'ckmaker. w. s. [clock and maker.] 
 
 An artificer whose profession is to make 
 clocks. 
 
 This inequality has been diligently observed by 
 several of our ingenious cbckmakers, and equa- 
 tions been made and used by them. Derham. 
 
 Clockwork, w. s. [fiom clock and work.] 
 Movements by weights or springs like 
 those of a clock. 
 
 So if unprejudic'd you scan 
 The goings of ihis clock-work, man ; 
 You find a hundred movements made 
 By fine devices in his head : 
 But 'tis the stomach's solid stroke, 
 That tells this being what's o'clock. Prior. 
 
 Within this hollow was Vulcan's shop, full of 
 fire and clockwork. Addisoji. 
 
 You look like a puppet moved by clockwork. 
 \ Arbutlmot. 
 
 CLOD. w. s, [club. Sax. a little hillock ; 
 
 klotte, Dutch.] 
 1. A lump of earth or clay ; such a body 
 
 of earth as cleaves or hangs together. 
 
 The earth that casteth up from the plough a 
 great clod, is not so good as that which casteth up 
 a smaller clod. Bacon. 
 
 ['11 cut up, as plows 
 Do barren lands, and strike together flints 
 And clods, th' ungrateful senate and the people. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 Who smooths with harrows, ur who pounds 
 with rakes, 
 The crumbling clods. Dryden. 
 
 "2. A turf; the ground. 
 
 Byzantians boast, that on the clod, 
 W^hereonce their sultan's horse has trod. 
 Grows neither grass, nor shrub, nor tree. Swift. 
 
 3. Any thing concreted together in a 
 cluster. 
 
 Fisliermen who make holes in the ice to dip up 
 fish with their nets, light on swallows congealed 
 in chds of a slimy substance ; and carryint^ them 
 home to their stoves, the warmth restbreth them 
 to life and flight. Carew. 
 
 4. A lump ; a mass of metal. 
 
 One at the forge 
 Labouring, two massy clods of iron and brass 
 Had melted. Milton. 
 
 5. Any thing vile, base, and earthy ; as the 
 body of man, compared to his soul. 
 
 And yehit;h heavens, the temple of the gods, 
 III which a thousand torches, flaming bright. 
 Do burn, that to us, wretched earthly ciojs, 
 In dreadful darkness lend desired liglu. Spenser. 
 
 The spirit of man. 
 Which God inspir'd, cannot together perish 
 With this corporeal clod. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 C L O 
 
 How the purer spirit is united to this clod, is ■ 
 knot too hard for our degraded intellects to untie. 
 
 GtanvUle. 
 
 In moral reflections there must be heat, as well 
 
 as dry reason, to inspire this cold clod of clay 
 
 which we carry about with us. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 6. A dull, gross, stupid fellow ; a dolt. 
 
 The vulgar! a scarce animated cfod. 
 
 Ne'er picas'd with aught above 'em. Dryden, 
 
 To Clod. v.n. [from the noun.] To ga- 
 ther into concretions : to coagulate : for 
 this we sometimes use clot. 
 
 Let us go find the body, and from the stream. 
 With lavers pure, add cleansing herbs, wash otF 
 The clodded gore. Milton. 
 
 To Clod. v. a. [from the noun.] To pelt 
 
 with clods. 
 Clo'ddy. adj. [from clod.] 
 
 1 . Consisting of earth or clods ; earthy ; 
 muddy ; miry ; mean ; gross ; base. 
 
 The glorious sun. 
 Turning witli splendour of his precious eye 
 The meagre c/ot/tij/ earth to glittering gold. 5/ia/cfsp, 
 
 2. Full of clods unbroken. 
 
 These lands they sow always under furrow about 
 Michaelmas, and leave it as cloddy as they can. 
 Mortimer s Husbandry, 
 
 Clo'dpate. n. s. [clod and pate.] A stu- 
 pid fellow ; a dolt ; a thickskuU. 
 
 Clo'dpated, adj. [from clod-pate.] Stu- 
 pid ; dull ; doltish ; thoughtless. 
 
 My c/offpa(erf relations spoiled the greatest ge- 
 nius in the worhl, when they bred me a mecha- 
 nick. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Clo'dpoll. n. s. [from clod and poll.] 
 A thickskull ; a dolt ; a blockhead. 
 
 This letter being so excellently ignorant, he 
 will find that it conies from a clodpoil. Shakesp. 
 
 To CLOG. V, a. [It is imagined by Skin' 
 tier to come from log ; by Casaubon de- 
 rived from xAoi®- a dog's collar, being 
 thought to be first hung upon fierce 
 dogs.] 
 
 1 . To load with something that may hinder 
 motion ; to encumber with shackles ; to 
 impede, by fastening to the neck or leg 
 a heavy piece of wood or iron. 
 
 If you find so much blood in his liver as will 
 clog the foot of a flea, I'll eat the rest of the ana- 
 tomy. Shakesp. 
 
 Let a man wean himself from these worldly im- 
 pediments, that here clog his soul's flight. 
 
 Digby on the Soul. 
 
 The wings of birds were clogged with ice and 
 snow. Dryden, 
 
 Fleshly lusts do debase men's minds, and clog 
 their spirits, make them gross and foul, listless 
 and unactive. Tillotson, 
 
 Gums and pomatums shall his flight restrain. 
 While chgg'd he beats his silken wnigs in vain. 
 
 Pope, 
 
 2. To hinder ; to obstruct. 
 
 The gutter'd rocks and congregated sands. 
 Traitors ensteep'd to clog the guiltless keel. Shak, 
 
 His majesty s shins were over-pestered and 
 clogged with great ordnance, whereof there is su- 
 perfluity. Raleigh, 
 
 3. To load ; to burthen ; to embarrass. 
 
 Since thou hast far to go, bear not along 
 The clogging burthen of a guilty soul. Shakesp. 
 
 You'll rue the time 
 That clogs me with this answer. Shakesp. 
 
 They lanc'd a vein, and watch'd returning 
 breath ; 
 It came, but clogg'd with symptoms of his death. 
 
 Drxjdtn. 
 All the commodities are clogg'd with imposi- 
 tions. Addison. 
 
 324.
 
 C L O 
 
 4. In the following passage it is improper, 
 for its meaning always includes hin- 
 drance. 
 
 Clocks and jacks, though the screws and teeth 
 of the wheels and nuts be never so smoolli, yet, 
 if they be not oiled, will hardly move ; though 
 you cUfg them with never so mucn weight. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 To Clog, v. n. 
 
 1 . To coalesce ; to adhere. In this sense, 
 perhaps, only corruptly used for clod or 
 clot. 
 
 Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds 
 clog not together. Evelyn. 
 
 2. To be encumbered or impeded by some 
 extrinsick matter. 
 
 In working through tlie bone, the teeth of the 
 saw will begin to ctng. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 Clog, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . A load ; a weight ; any encimibrance 
 hung upon any animal or thing to hin- 
 der motion. 
 
 I'm glad at soul 1 have no other child ; 
 For thy escape would teach me tyramiy. 
 To hang clogs on them. _ Shahesp. 
 
 I did but prompt the age to quit their clogs^ 
 By the known rules of ancient liberty. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Regained. 
 
 As a dog, committed close 
 For some olFence, by chance breaks loose, 
 And quits his clog ; but all in vain, 
 He still draws after him his chain. Hudibras. 
 
 2. An encumbrance ; a hindrance ; an ob- 
 struction ; an impediment. 
 
 Weariness of the iiesh is an heavy clog to tlie 
 will. Hooker. 
 
 They're our clogs, not their own : if a man be 
 Chain'd to a galley, yet the galley s free. Donne. 
 
 Their prince made no other step than rejecting 
 the pope's supreraac}', as a clog upon his own 
 power and passions. Swift. 
 
 Slavery is, of all things, the greatest clog and 
 obstacle to speculation. Su-if't. 
 
 5. A kind of additional shoe, worn by wo- 
 men to keep them from wet. 
 
 'I. A wooden shoe. 
 
 In France the peasantry goes barefoot ; and the 
 middle sort, throughout allthat kingdom, makes 
 use of wooden clogs. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Clo'gginess, n. s. [from cloggy.] The 
 
 state of being clogged. 
 Clo'ggy, adj. [from clog.] That which 
 has the power of clogging up. 
 
 By additaraents of some such nature, some 
 grosser and cloggtj parts are retained ; or else 
 much subtilized, and otherwise altered. 
 
 Boyle's History of Firmness. 
 
 CLO'ISTER, n. s. [clas, Welsh ; clauj-tep, 
 Saxon; cluster, Germ, kloosier, Dut. 
 claustro, Ital ; cloislre, Fr. claustrum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. A religious retirement ; a monastery ; a 
 nunnerj'. 
 
 Nor in a secret cloister doth he keep 
 These virgin spirits until their marriage day. 
 
 "Davies. 
 Some solitary cloister will I choose. 
 And there with holy virgins live immur'd.DrvJen. 
 How could he have the leisure and retlredness 
 oi the cioiiter, to perform those acts of devotion. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 2. A peristyle ; a piazza. 
 
 To Clo'ister, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 shut up in a religious house ; to con- 
 fine ; to immure ; to shut up from the 
 world. 
 
 Cloister thee in some religious house. Shakesp. 
 
 They have by commandment, though in form 
 
 of courtesy, cloistered js witliin these walls for 
 
 three days". Bacon 
 
 C L O 
 
 It was of the king's first acts to cloister the queen 
 dowager in the nunnery of Bermondsey. Bacon. 
 
 Nature affords plenty of beauties, that no man 
 need complain if the deformed are cloistered up. 
 Rymer's Tragedies. 
 Clo'isteral, adj. [from cloister.'] Soli- 
 tary ; retired ; religiously recluse. 
 
 Upon this ground many ctoiiteral men, of great 
 learning and devotion, prefer contemplation be- 
 fore action. Walton's Angler. 
 
 CLo'iSTERED.paWjcip.arf/". [from clohter.] 
 
 1. Solitary ; inhabiting cloisters. 
 
 Ere the bat hath fiown 
 His cloister'd flight, there shall be done 
 A deed of dreadful note. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. Built with peristyles or piazzas. 
 
 The Greeks and Romans had commonly two 
 cloistered open courts, one serving for the women's 
 side, and tlie other for the men. Wotlon's Architect. 
 
 Clo'istress, n. s. [from cloister.] A 
 nun ; a lady who has vowed religious 
 retirement. 
 
 Like a cloistress she will veiled walk. 
 And water once a day her chamber round 
 With eye-offending brine. Shakesp. 
 
 Cloke, b. s. See Cloak. 
 ClomB, [pret. of To climb.] 
 
 Ask to what end they clomb that tedious height. 
 
 Spenser. 
 So chmb this first grand thief into God's fold. 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 To Cloom, v. a. [corrupted from cleam, 
 claeraian. Sax. which is still used in some 
 provinces.] To close or shut with glu- 
 tinous or viscous matter. 
 
 Rear the hive enough to let them in, and cloom 
 up the skirts, all but the door. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To CLOSE, V. a. [closa, Armorick ; kluys, 
 Dutch ; clos, Fr. clausus, Lat] 
 
 1 . To shut ; to lay together. 
 
 Sleep instantly fell on me, call'd 
 By nature as in aid, and clos'd mine eyes. 
 
 Milton''s Par. Lost. 
 
 When the sad wife has clos'd her husband's eyes; 
 Lies the pale corps, not yet entirely dead ? Prior. 
 
 1 soon shall visit Hector, and the shades 
 Of my great ancestors. Cephisa, thou 
 Wilt lend a hand to close thy mistress' eyes. Philips. 
 
 2. To conclude ; to end ; to finish. 
 
 One frueal supper did our studies close. Dryd. 
 
 I close this with my earnest desires that you will 
 seriously consider your estate. 
 
 Walie's Preparation for Death. 
 
 Edward and Henry, now the boast of fame ; 
 And virtuous Alfred," a more sacred name ; 
 After a life of generous toils endur'd, 
 Clos'd their long glories with a sigh, to find 
 Th' unwilling gratitude of base mankind. 
 
 Pope's Horace. 
 
 3. To inclose ; to confine ; to reposite. 
 
 Every one 
 According to the gift which bounteous nature 
 Hath in him closd'. Shakesp. 
 
 4. To join ; to unite fractures ; to consoli- 
 date fissures. 
 
 The armourers accomplishing the knights. 
 With busy hammers dosing rivets up. Shake.y. 
 
 ■There l>eing no winter yet to close up and unite 
 its parts, and restcre the earth to its former com- 
 pactness. Burnet. 
 
 As soon as any public rupture happens, it is 
 immediately closed up by moderation and good 
 olfices. Add'ison on Italy. 
 
 All the traces drawn there are immediately chiscd 
 up, as though you wrote them with your finger cui 
 the surface of a river. ICaHs on the iiintl. 
 
 To Close, v. n. 
 
 1. To coalesce; to join its own parts toge- 
 
 tlier. 
 
 They, and all that appertained to tliem, went 
 
 C L O 
 
 down alive into the pit, and the earth closed npoo 
 them. lumbers xvi. 33. 
 
 In plants, you may try the force of imagination 
 upon the lighter motions, as upon their ctosing and 
 opening. Bacon. 
 
 2. To close upon. To agree upon ; to join 
 
 in. 
 
 Thejealoasy of snch a design in as woold in- 
 duce France and Holland to ci<w< upon some mea 
 sures between tliem to our disadvantage. Temple. 
 
 3. To close with. \ To come to an agree- 
 To close in with. ) ment with ; to com- 
 ply with ; to unite with. 
 
 Intire cowardice makes thee wrong this virtuous 
 gentlewoman, to close \cith us. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry J V. 
 
 It would become me belter, than to close 
 In terms of friendship uith thine enemies. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 There was no such defect in man's understand- 
 ing, but that it would close u-ith the evidence. Hmth, 
 
 He took the time when Richard was depos'd. 
 And high and low uith happy Harry clos'd. Dryd. 
 
 Pride is so unsociable a vice, that there is no 
 closing with it. Collier of' Friends}ilp. 
 
 This spirit, poured upon iron, lets go Ihe wa- 
 ter ; the acid spirit is more attracted by the fixed 
 body ; and lets go the water, to close with the fixed 
 body. Neietons Optir't.s. 
 
 Such a proof as would have been closed with c< r- 
 tainly at the first, shall be set aside easily after- 
 wards. Atterbnru. 
 
 These governours bent all their thoughts aud 
 applications to close in uith the people, now the 
 stronger party. 5ui*t. 
 
 4. To close with. To grapple with in 
 wrestling. 
 
 Close, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Any thing shut ; without outlet. 
 
 The admirable effects of this distillation in close, 
 which is like the wombs and matrices of livir.g 
 creatures. Baci'n. 
 
 2. A small field inclosed. 
 
 I have a tree, which grows here in mv ciose, 
 That mine own use invites me to cut diown. 
 And shortly must I fell it. Shakesp. 
 
 Certain hedgers, dividing a close, chanced upon 
 a great chest. " Carew's Survey of Cornwall. 
 
 3. The manner of shutting; in this and 
 the following sense it is pronounced as 
 
 cloze. 
 
 The doors of plank were ; their close exquisite. 
 Kept with a double key. Chaj.man. 
 
 4. The time of shutting up. 
 
 In the cUse of night, 
 Philomel begins her heavenly lay. Dryden. 
 
 5. A grapple in wrestling. 
 
 The king went of purpose into the North, lay- 
 ing an open side unto Perkin, to make him come 
 to the close, and so to trip up his heels, liaving 
 made sure in Kent beforehand. Bacon. 
 
 Both fill'd with dust, but starting up, the third 
 close thev had made. 
 Had not Achiltes's self stood up. Chapman. 
 
 6. Pause ; cessation ; rest. 
 
 The air, such pleasure loth to lose 
 With thousand echoes still prolongs each heavenly 
 close. Milton. 
 
 At ev'rv close she made, tli' attending throng 
 ReDlied,"and bore the burden of the song. 
 
 ■^ Dryden s Fables. 
 
 7. A conclusion or end. 
 
 Specdv death, 
 The close of all mv miseries and the balm. Milt. 
 
 Thro' Syria, Persia, Greece, she goes ; 
 And takes the Romans in the close. Prior. 
 
 Close, adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Shut fast, so as to leave no part open ; 
 as, a close box, a close house. 
 
 \\e suppose this bag to be tied close about, to- 
 wards the window. " ■"<"'^- 
 
 2. Having no vent ; without inlet ; secret ; 
 private ; not to be seen through. 
 
 325
 
 C L O 
 
 Nor could \ns acts too closr a Tizard wear, 
 To 'tcape their eyes wIiueu guilt iiad taught to 
 fear. Ifri/den. 
 
 S.Confineil ; stagnant; without ventilation. 
 
 If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of wirvdjws 
 
 and doors ; tl»e one makelli the airc/twtf, and not 
 
 fresh ; and the other luaketh it exceedinji mietiual 
 
 Bacon's A'tit. Hist. 
 
 4. Compact j solid; dense; ■without in- 
 terstices or vacuities. 
 
 The inward substance of llie earth is of itself 
 an uniform mass, c^tsc and cooipact. 
 
 Burnet's Theorv. 
 
 The golden globe being put into a press, which 
 was driven by the extreme force of screws, the 
 water made itself way thro' the pores of that very 
 chse metal. Locke. 
 
 5. Viscous ; glutinous ; not volatile. 
 
 This oil, which nourishes the lamp, is supposed 
 of so cfai; and tenacious a substance, tliat it may 
 slowly evaporate. Wilkins. 
 
 6. Concise; brief; compressed; without 
 exuberance or digression. 
 
 You lay your thoughts so close together, that 
 were they closer^ they would be crowded, and 
 even a due connection would be wantiuir. 
 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 Where the original is clme, no version can reach 
 it in the same compass. Dryden. 
 
 Read these instructive leaves, in which conspire 
 Fresnoy's close art, and Dryden's native fire.Piye. 
 
 7. Joined without anv intervening distance 
 or sjjace, whether of time or place. 
 
 Was I a man bred great as Rome herself, 
 Equal to all her titles ! that could stand 
 Cteeup with Atlas, and sustain her name 
 As strong as he doth heav'n ! Ben Jonson. 
 
 We must lay aside that lazy and fallacious me- 
 thod of censiiring by the lump, and must bring 
 things dose to the test of true or false. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall. 
 
 Htlortimer. 
 ^^^le^e*er my name I find, 
 Some dire misfortune follows close behind. Pope. 
 
 8. .Approaching nearly ; joined one to an- 
 other. 
 
 Now we sit close about this taper here, 
 And call in question our necessities. Sluikesp. 
 
 9. Narrow ; as, a close alley. 
 
 10. Admitting small distance. 
 
 Short crooked swords in closer fight they wear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 ] ] . Undiscovered ; without any token by 
 which one may be found. 
 
 Ctee observe him for the sake of mockery. 
 Close, in the name of jesting ! lie you there'. Shak. 
 
 12. Hidden ; secret ; not revealed. 
 
 A close intent at last to shew me grace. Spenser. 
 
 Some spagyrists, that keep their best tilings 
 close, will do more to vmdicate their art, or oppose 
 their antagonists, than to gratify the curious, or 
 benefit mankind. BouU 
 
 13. Having the quality of secresy ; trusty. 
 
 Constant you are, 
 But yet a woman; and'for secresy. 
 No lady closer. Slmkesp. 
 
 1-1. Having an appearance of concealment; 
 cloudy ; sly. 
 
 That close aspect of his 
 Does shew the mood of a much troubled breast. 
 , Shakesp. 
 
 15. Without wandering; without devia- 
 tion ; attentive. 
 
 I discovered no way to keep our thoughts close 
 to their business, but, by frequent attention, get- 
 tnig the habit of attention. Locke. 
 
 16. Full to the point; home. 
 
 1 am engaging in a large dispute, where the ar- 
 guments are not like to reach close on either side. 
 . Dryden. 
 
 17. Retired ; solitary. 
 
 C L O 
 
 He kept himself clnsf becauK of Saul.C/ironiWfj. 
 
 18. Secluded from communication ; as, a 
 close prisoner. 
 
 1 9. Applied to the weather, dark ; cloudy, 
 not clear. 
 
 Close, adv. It lias tlie same meaning with 
 closely, and is not always easily distin- 
 guished from the adjective. 
 
 1. Nearly ; densely ; secretly. 
 
 He his sleep 
 Disturb'd not, w aiting close th' approach of morn. 
 
 UUton. 
 
 Behind her deatli 
 Close following pace for pace, not mounted yet 
 On his purple horse. Milton. 
 
 2. It is useil sometimes adverbially by it- 
 self, but more frequently in composition. 
 As, 
 
 Close-banded, flf//. In close order; 
 thick ranged ; or secretly leagued.which 
 seems rather the meaning in this pas- 
 sage. 
 
 Nor in the house which chamber ambushes 
 Close-banded, durst attack lue. Milton. 
 
 Close-bodied, adj. Made to fit tlie 
 body exactly. 
 
 If any clergy shall appear in anv close-bodied 
 coat, they shall be sus[)ended. .iylijfe's Parergon. 
 
 Close-handed, adj. Covetous. 
 
 Galba was very close-handed : I have not read 
 much of his liberalities. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Close-pent. adj. Shut close; without 
 vent. 
 
 Then in some close-pent room it crept alon". 
 And, smould'ring as it went, in silence fed. Dryd. 
 Clo'sely. adv. [from close.] 
 I. Without inlet or outlet. 
 
 Putting the mixture into a crucible closely luted. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 2. Without much space intervening; nearly. 
 
 Follow Fluellyn closely at the heels. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Attentively. 
 
 If we look more closelu, w-e shall find 
 Most have the seeds of judgment in their mind. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. Secretly ; slily. 
 
 A Spaniard, riding on the bay, sent some closely 
 into the village, in tue dark of the night. 
 
 Carew's Sun^ey of Cornwall. 
 
 5. Without deviation. 
 
 I hope 1 have translated closely enough, and 
 given them the same turn of verse which they had 
 in the original. Dryden. 
 
 Clo'seness. n. s. [from close.1 
 
 1. The state of being shut ; or, the qua- 
 lity of admitting to be shut without in- 
 let or outlet. 
 
 In drums, the c/osenfM round about that pre- 
 
 serveth the sound, maketh the noise come forth 
 
 of the drum-hole more loud than if you should 
 
 strike upon the like skin extended in the open air. 
 
 Bacon's JN'trf. Hist^ 
 
 2. Narrowness ; straitness. 
 
 3. Want of air, or ventilation. 
 
 I took my leaie, being half stifled by thec/tw- 
 ncss of the room. Sw'tft. 
 
 4. Compactness ; solidity. 
 
 How could particles, so widely dispersed, com- 
 bine into that closeness of texture ? Bentlev. 
 
 The haste of tile sjiirit to put forth and thec/i«tf- 
 ness of the bark, cause prickles in boughs 
 
 Bacon's Natural Hi.<:torij. 
 
 .5. Recltiseness ; solitude ; retirement. 
 
 I tlnis neglecting worldly ends, all dedic.-ited 
 To closeness, and the bettering of my ruind. ihak. 
 0. .^ecresy ; privacy. 
 
 To his confederates he was constant and just, 
 but not open. Such was his enquiry, and such his 
 
 C L O 
 
 ebscnesg^ as Ihey stood in tlie liglit towards him, 
 and he stood in the dark towards tliem. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 A journey of much adventure had Neeu not 
 coMiniunicated with any of his majesty's comisei- 
 lors, heintr carried with great closeness, Hker'a bu- 
 siness of love than stale. M'otion. 
 
 We rise r>ot iiPriinst the piercing judnnrcnt of 
 Augustus, nor the extreme caution or closeness of 
 Tiberius. Bacon's Exay$. 
 
 This prince was so very rescrred, tliat he would 
 impart Ins secrets to no body ; whereupon lliis 
 closeness did a little perish his understaridinj. 
 
 Collier of' Fricndthip. 
 
 7. Covetousness ; sly avarice. 
 
 Iras judiicd, that while he could keep his po- 
 verty a secret, he should not feel it ; he improved 
 this thought into an affectation of closetuss and 
 covetou^sncss. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 8. Connection ; dependance. 
 
 The actions and proceedings of wise men ruu 
 in greater closeness and cuherence with one ano- 
 ther, than thus to drive at a casual issue, brought 
 under DO forecast or design. South. 
 
 Closer, n. 5, \fvom. close.] A finisher; a 
 
 conclude!'. 
 Clo'sestool. n. s. [close and stooL] A 
 
 chamber implement. 
 
 A pestle for his truncheon, led tbe van ; 
 And his high helmet was a close-stool pan. Garth, 
 
 Closet, 71. s, [from. close,] 
 
 1. A small room of privacy and retirement. 
 
 The taper burueth in your closet. Shakesp. 
 
 He would make a step into his cloict, and after 
 
 a short prayer he was gone Wottcm. 
 
 2. A private repository of curiosities and 
 valuable things. 
 
 He should have made himself a key, wherewith 
 to open the closet of JMiuerva, where those fair 
 treasures are to be found in all abundance. 
 
 Dryden s Dufresnoy. 
 He furnishes her closet first, and fills 
 The crowded shelves with rarities of shells. 
 
 Drydciis Fable*. 
 
 To Closet, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To shut up, or conceal, in a closet 
 
 The heat 
 Of thy great love once spread, as in an urn, 
 Doth c/a-sef up itself. Herbert. 
 
 2. To take into a closet for a secret inter- 
 view. 
 
 About this time began the project of closeting, 
 where the principal gentlemen of the kinn-dom 
 were privately catechised by his Majesty. Swift. 
 
 Closh. ?t.s. A distemper in the feet of 
 cattle ; called also the founder. I}ict. 
 
 Clo'sure- n.s, [from close.] 
 
 1 . The act of shutting up. 
 
 The chink was carefully closed up : upon which 
 closure there appeared not any chant;e. 
 
 Bailees Spring of the Air. 
 
 2. That by which any thing is closed or 
 shut. 
 
 I admire your sending your last to rae quite 
 open, without a seal, wafer, or any closure what- 
 ever. Pope to Stcifi. 
 S. The parts inclosing; inclosure, 
 O thou bloody prison ! 
 Within the guilty closure ot thy walls 
 Richard tiie Second here was hack'd to death. 
 
 Sluikesp. 
 4. Conclusion : end. Not in use. 
 
 We'll hand in hand ail headlong cast us down, 
 .Ind make a mutuiil clof^nre of our house. Shakesp. 
 CLOT. n.s. [probably, at first, the same 
 with clod, but now always applied to 
 different uses; or rather A7o//p, Dutch, a 
 mass.] Concretion; coagulation ; grume. 
 
 The white of an egg, with spirit of wine, doth 
 bake tlie egg into clots, as If it began to poch. 
 
 Bartm. 
 
 The opening itself was stopt with a clot of gni- 
 mous biood. U uewanj Surgery. 
 
 2-26
 
 C L O 
 
 To Clot. v. h. [from the noun ; or from 
 klotteren, Dutch.] 
 
 1 . To form clots, or clods ; to hang toge- 
 ther. 
 
 Huge onwWdy kones, lasting Temsins, 
 Of lliat gi^antkl race ; which, as he breaks 
 'Vhe doited glebe, the plowman haply 6nds.PAi/j;)s. 
 
 2. To concrete ; to coagulate ; to gather into 
 concretions: as, clotted milk, clotted 
 blood. 
 
 Here mangled limbs, here biaiiu and gore. 
 Lie cloned. Pkilipt. 
 
 3. To become gross. 
 
 CLOTH, n. s. plural clotht or clothes. 
 [claS, Saxon.] 
 
 1 . Any thing woven for dress or covering, 
 whether of animal or vegetable substance. 
 
 A costly cloth of gold. Drayton. 
 
 The Spaniards buy then linen cloths in that ting- 
 
 dorn. Stvijt. 
 
 2. The piece of linen spread upon a table. 
 
 Nor let, like Nirvius, every error pass ; 
 The musty wine, foul cloth, or greasy glass. Pope. 
 
 3. The canvas on which pictures are deli- 
 neated. 
 
 I answer you right pain'ed chth, from whence 
 you have studied your questions. Shakep. 
 
 Who fears a sentence, or an old man's saw, 
 Shall bv a painted c/ith be kept in awe. Shakesp. 
 
 This^idea, which we may call the goddess of 
 painting and of sculpture, de'scends upon the mar- 
 ole aiid the cloth, and becomes the original of these 
 arts. Dryden. 
 
 4. Any texture put to a particular use. 
 
 The kins stood up under hisc/o(/i of state, took 
 the sword from the protector, and dubbed the Lord 
 Slavor of London knighL Sir John Hayward. 
 
 I'll loake the very greeu cUth to look blue. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 5. Dress ; raiment, 
 
 I'll ne'er distrust ray God for cloth and bread, 
 While lilies flourish, and the raven's fed. Quaiies. 
 G.Cloth, taken absolutely, commonlymeans 
 a texture of wool. 
 
 7. In the plural. Dress ; habit ; garment ; 
 vesture ; vestments : including whatever 
 covering is worn on the body. In this 
 sense always clothes, pronounced do's. 
 
 He with liira brought Pryene, rich array'd 
 In Claribellae's clothes. Spenser. 
 
 Take up these clothes here quickly ; carry them 
 to the laundress iu Datchet mead. Shahesp. 
 
 Strength grows more from the warmth of ex- 
 ercises than of cloatlis. Temple. 
 
 8. The covering of a bed. 
 
 Gazing on her midnight foes, 
 She turn d each way her frighted head, 
 Then sunk it deep lieneath the clothes. Prior. 
 
 To Clothe, r. a. pret. I clothed, or clad; 
 particip. clothed, or clad- [from cloth.] 
 
 1. To invest with garments; to cover with 
 dress, from cold and injuries. 
 
 Aji inhabitant of Nova Zembia ha\nng lived in 
 Denmark, where he was clothed, took the first op- 
 portunity of making his escape into uakednesss. 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 The Britons, in Caesar's time, painted their bo- 
 dies, and clothed themselves with the skins of 
 beasts. Su-ift. 
 
 With superior boon may your rich soil 
 Exuberant nature's better blessings pour 
 O'er every land, the naked nations clothe, 
 And be th' cxhaustless granary of aworld.77wm5c?n. 
 
 2. To adorn with dress. 
 
 We clothe and adorn our bodies ; indeed, too 
 ZQUch time we bestow upon that. Our souls also 
 arc to be clothed with noly habits, and adorned 
 with good works. Rau on Creatioti. 
 
 Embroider'd purple clothes the golden beds. 
 
 Pope's Stotms. 
 
 3. To invest, as with clothes. 
 
 C L O 
 
 I put on righteonsuess, and it clothed me. Job. 
 Hast tlu)U clothed his neck with thunder.' Job. 
 I will also clothe her priests with salvation. Pm/. 
 If thou beest he ; but O how fatl'n ! bow chang'd 
 From him, who in the happy realms of light, 
 Cloth'd with transcendent brightness, diu'sl out- 
 shine 
 Myriads though bright ! Milton. 
 
 They leave the shady realms of night. 
 And, clothed in bodies, brcathey our upper light. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Let both use the clearest language in which they 
 
 can clothe their thoughts. M'atts on the Mind. 
 
 4. To furnish or provide with clothes. 
 
 Drowsiness shall clothe a man with raps. Prov. 
 
 To Clothe, v. n. To wear clothes. 
 
 Care no more to clothe and eat. Shak.Cymbeline. 
 
 Clothier, n. s. [from cloth.] A maker 
 of cloth. 
 
 The clothrrs all, not able to maintain 
 The many to them 'longin", have put otf 
 The spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers, 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V'lII. 
 His commissioners should cause clothiers to take 
 wool, paying only two parti of the price. 
 
 Hayward. 
 They shall only spoil the cloth'ier's wool, and 
 beggar the present spinners at best. 
 
 Graitnt's Bills (f Mortality. 
 Clo 'thing, n.s. [from To clothe.] Dress; 
 vesture ; garments. 
 
 Thy bosom might receive my yielded spright, 
 .A.nd thine with it, in heav'ns pure clothing drest, 
 Through clearest skies might take united flight. 
 
 Faitfax. 
 
 Your bread and clothing, and every necessary 
 
 of life, entirely depend upon it. Su-yi. 
 
 Clothshe'arer. n.s. [from cloth and 
 shear.] One who trims the cloth, and 
 levels the nap. 
 
 Mv fatlier is a poor man, and by his occupa- 
 tion a cloth-shearer. Hakeu-illon Procidence. 
 
 Clo'tpoll. n. s. [from clot and poll.] 
 
 1 . Thickscull ; blockhead. 
 
 What says the fellow, there ? call the chitpoU 
 back. Shahesp. 
 
 2, Head, in scorn. 
 
 I have sent Cloten's clotpoll down the stream. 
 In embassy to his mother. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 To Clo'tter. v. n. [klotteren, Dutch.] 
 To concrete ; to coagulate ; to gather 
 into lumps. 
 
 He dragg'd the trembling sire, 
 Slidd'ring thro' clotter'd blood an"d holy mire. 
 
 Dryden s .Eneid. 
 
 Clo'ttv. adj. [from clot.] Full of clods; 
 
 concreted ; full of concretions. 
 
 The matter expectorated is thin, and mixt with 
 thick, c/t>((y, bluish streaks- /fan-ei/ on Consumptioiis. 
 Where land is clottu, and a shower of rain soaks 
 through, you may make use of a roll to break it. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 CLOUD, n.s. [The derivation is not 
 known. Alinshew derives it from claudo 
 to shut ; Somner from clod ; Casattbon 
 from ax'^t! darkness; Skinner from 
 kladde, Dutch, a spot.] 
 1 . The diirk collection of vapours in the 
 air. 
 
 Now are the clotids, that lower'd upon our house. 
 In the deep bosom of the ocean buried. 
 
 Shakesp. Piehard III. 
 
 As a mist is a multitude of small but solid glo- 
 bules, which therefore descend ; so a vapour and 
 therefore a w atery cloud, is nothing else but a con- 
 geries of verv small and concave globules, which 
 therefore ascend, to that height in which they are 
 of equal weight with the air, where they remain 
 suspended, till, by some motion in the a*ir, bein^ 
 broken, they descend in solid drops ; either small, 
 as in a mist ; or bigger, when many of llieiu run 
 together, as in rain. Grewt Cosmologia. 
 
 CLO 
 
 (UmuU are the greatest and roost considerable of 
 all the meteors, as furnishing water and plenty to 
 the earth. Tliev consist of verv small drops of 
 water, and are elevated a good distance aboTe the 
 surface of the earth ; for a ctmid is nothing but a 
 luist flvinc high in the air, a^ a mist i^ notlung 
 but 3 c?o«« here below, Loch£. 
 
 How vapuurs, tuni'd to clouds, obscure the skv ; 
 And cloiuU, dissolv'd, the thirsty ground supply. 
 
 J6wcinnmo/(. 
 
 The dawn is overcast, the morning kjw'rs. 
 And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addtaon. 
 
 2. The veins, marks, or stains, in stonei 
 or other bodies. 
 
 3. Any state of obscurity or darkness. 
 
 Tho' poets may of inspiration boast. 
 Their rage, illgoveni'd, in ther/ou/ijis lost. IPai/iT. 
 
 How can I see the brave and young 
 Fall in the cloud of war, and fall unsung ? .iddisan^ 
 
 4. Any thing that spreads wide ; as a 
 crowd, a multitude. 
 
 The objection comes to no more than this, fl at, 
 amongst a cloud of witnesses, there was one of no 
 very good reputation. Atterbury. 
 
 To Cloud, v a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To darken Avith clouds; to cover with 
 clouds ; to obscure. 
 
 2. To make of sullen and gloomy appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Be not dishearten'd then, nor cloud those looks, 
 
 That wont to be more cheerful and serene. MiUon, 
 
 What sullen fury clouds his scornful brow!/-ty« 
 
 3. To obscure ; to make less evident. 
 
 If men would not exhale vapours to cloud and 
 darken the clearest truths, no man could miss his 
 way to heaven for want of light. Decay of Piety. 
 
 4. To variegate with dark veins. 
 
 The handle smooth and plain, 
 JIade of the clouded olive's easy grain. Pope. 
 
 To Cloud, v. n. To grow cloudy ; to 
 grow dark with clouds. 
 
 Clo'udberry. n.s. [from clovd and ber- 
 ry ; chantcemorus.] The name of a 
 plant, called also knotberry. Miller. 
 
 Clo'udcapt. adj. [from cloud and cap ] 
 Topped with clouds; touching the 
 clouds. 
 
 The cloudcapt towers, the gorgeous palaces. 
 The solemn temples, the great globe itself. 
 Yea, all which it inherits, shall dissolve. Shakesp. 
 
 Cloudcompe'lling. adj. [.\ word form- 
 ed in imitation of jr^iAirys^iTi)?, ill under- 
 stood.] .^n epithet of Jupiter, by whom 
 clouds were supposed to be collected. 
 Health to both kings, attended w ith a roar 
 Of cannons, echo'd from th' alfrighted shore ; 
 With loud resemblance of his thunder, prove 
 Bacchus the seed of clmdcompelling Jove. MalUr. 
 
 Supplicating move 
 Thv just complaint to ctowicompelling Jove. Dryr'. 
 
 Cloudily, adv. [from cloudy.] 
 
 I. With clouds; darkly. 
 
 •2. Obscurely ; not perspicuously. 
 
 Some had rather have good discipline delivered 
 plainly, by way of precepts, than c/oiidi/u en- 
 wrapped ill allegories. Spenser. 
 He was commanded to write so cloudily by Cor- 
 nulus. DrtNtn. 
 
 Cloudiness, n.s. [from cloudy.] 
 I. The state of being covered with clouds; 
 darkness. 
 
 You have such a February face, 
 So full of frost, of storm, and cUnidinea. Sbakesp. 
 The situation of this island exposes it to a con- 
 tinual floiM/iiifss, which in the summer renders the 
 air colder, and in tlie winter warm. 
 
 Harvey on towumpti""!. 
 
 I '2. Want of brightness. 
 
 327
 
 C L O 
 
 I saw a cloudy Hungarian diamond made clearer 
 by lying in a cold liquor ; wherein, lie afTirnicd, 
 that upon keeping it longer, the stone would lose 
 more of its cloudiness. Boifte. 
 
 Cloudless, adj. [from cloud.] Without 
 clouds; clear ; unclouded ; bright; lumi- 
 nous; lightsome; pure; undarkened. 
 
 This Partridge soon shall view ii] cloudless skies, 
 When next he looks thro' Galilajo's eyes. Fope. 
 
 How many such there must be in the vast ex- 
 tent of space, a naked eye in a cloud/ess nifjhtmay 
 • give us some faint glimpse. Cheync. 
 
 Cloudy, ndj. [from cloud.] 
 
 1 . Covered with clouds ; obscured with 
 clouds ; consisting of clouds. 
 
 As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy 
 pillar descended, and stood at the door. Exodus. 
 
 S. Dark; obscure; not intelligible. 
 
 If you content yourself frequently with words 
 instead of ideas, or with cloudy and "confused no- 
 tions of things, how impenetrable will that dark- 
 ness be ! Watts on the Mind. 
 
 3. Gloomy of look ; not open, nor cheerful. 
 
 So my storm-beaten heart likewise is cheer'd 
 With that sun-shine, when cloudy looks are clcar'd. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Witness my son, now in the shade of death. 
 Whose bright outshining beams thy cloudi/ wrath 
 Hath in eternal darkness folded up. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Marked with spots or veins. 
 
 5. Not bright, wanting lustre. 
 
 I saw a cloudij diamond. Boyle. 
 
 Clove, n.s. [the preterite o{ cleave.] See 
 To Cleave. 
 
 Gyon's angry blade so fierce did play 
 On th' other s helmet, which as Titan shone. 
 That quite it clwe his plumed crest in tway. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 CLOVE, n. s. [clou, Fr. a nail, from the 
 similitude of a clove to a nail.] 
 
 1, A valuable spice brought from Ternate 
 in the East Indies. It is the fruit or 
 seed of a very large tree. 
 
 Clove seems to be the rudiment or beginning of 
 a fruit growing upon ciove-trees. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. Some of the parts into which garlick se- 
 parates, when the outer skin is torn off. 
 [In this sense it is derived from clove, 
 the preterite of cleave.] 
 
 'Tis mortal sin an onion to devour ; 
 Each clave of garlick is a sacred power. Tate's Juv. 
 
 Clove-gillyflower, n. s. [from its 
 smelling like cloves.] 
 
 This genus may be divided into three classes ; 
 1. The clove-gillyflower, or carnation. 2. The 
 pink. 3. The sweet William. The carnation, or 
 clove-gillyflower, are distinguished into fourclass- 
 es. The'first, called flake's, having two colours 
 only, and their stripes largo, f'oing''quite through 
 the_ leaves. The second, calledTjizars, have flowers 
 striped or variegated with three or four dillVrenl 
 colours. The tliird are piquettes : these flowers 
 have always a white ground, and are spotted with 
 scarlet, red, purple, or other colours. The fourth 
 are called painted ladies : these have their petals 
 of a red or purple colour on the upper side, and 
 are white underneath. Of each of these classes 
 there are numerous varieties. The true clove-gil- 
 lyflower has been long in use for making a cordial 
 syrup. There are two or three varieties commonly 
 brought to the markets, which differ greatly in 
 goodness , some havini; verv little scent, w1ien 
 compared with the true sort. " Miller. 
 
 Clo'ven. part. piet. [from cleave.] See 
 To CLE.WE. 
 
 There is Aufidius, list you what work he makes 
 Among your cloven army Shakesp. 
 
 Now ]ieap""d higir 
 The cloven oa.]is and lofty pines do lie. Waller. 
 _ ^ A chap-fallen beaver, loosely hanging by 
 The cloven helm, and arch of victory. I)r; 
 
 'ryden. 
 
 C L O 
 
 Cloven-footed. > fl<//. [cloven and/oof , 
 Cloven-hoofed, j or hoof.] Having 
 
 the foot divided into two parts ; not a 
 
 round hooi'; bisulcous. 
 
 Tliere are the bisulcous or cloven-hoofed ; as ca- 
 mels and beavers. Broun s Vulgar Err. 
 
 The cloven-footed fiend is bauhh'd from us. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Great variety of water-fowl, both wiiole and 
 clovcn-J'notcd, frequent the waters. Huy on the Creat. 
 
 CLO'VER. 1 ?i. J. [more properly 
 
 Clover-grass, j" cIaver;c\scy:e}\M^^.] 
 
 1. A species of trefoil. 
 
 The even raead, tliat erst brought sweetly forth 
 The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Nature shall provide 
 Green grass and fatt'ning clover for their fare, 
 
 Drxjden. 
 
 Clover improves land, by the great quantity of 
 
 cattle it manitains. Mm'tmer's Husbandry. 
 
 My Blouzeiinda is the blithest lass. 
 Than primrose sweeter, or the clover grass. Gay, 
 
 2. To live in Clover, is to live luxuriously ; 
 clover being extremely delicious and 
 fattening to cattle. 
 
 Well, Laureat, was the ni^-lit in c^tJuer spent. 
 
 Ogle. 
 
 Clovered adj. [from clover.] Covered 
 with clover. 
 
 Flocks thick nibbling thro' the clovcr'd vale. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Clough. n.s. [cloujh, Saxon.] The cleft 
 of a hill ; a cliff. In composition, a hilly 
 place. 
 
 Clough. n. s. [In commerce. An allow- 
 ance of two pounds in every hundred 
 weight for the turn of the scale, that the 
 commodity may hold out weight when 
 sold by retail. 
 
 CLOUT, n. s. [cliit, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A cloth for any mean use. 
 
 His garment nought but many ragged rhuts, 
 With tnorns together pinn'd, and patch'd was. 
 
 Spenser. 
 A clout upon that head, 
 Where late the diadem stood. Shakesp. 
 
 In pow'r of spittle and a clout, 
 Whene'er he please, to blot it out. Su-ift. 
 
 2. A patch on a shoe or coat. 
 
 3. Anciently, the mark of white cloth, at 
 which archers shot. 
 
 He drew a good bow ; he shot a fine shoot ; he 
 would have clapt in the clout at twelve scure.Shak 
 
 4. An iron plate to keep an axle-tree from 
 wearing. 
 
 Tu Clout, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To patch ; to mend coarsely. 
 
 I thought he slejit, and put 
 Myclouted Vrogues from oif my feet,whose rudeness 
 Answcr'd my steps too loud. Shakesp. 
 
 The dull swain 
 Treads on it daily with his clouted shoon. Milton. 
 
 2. To cover with a cloth. 
 
 Milk some unhappy ewe. 
 Whose clouted leg her hurt doth shew. Spenser. 
 
 3. To join awkwardly or coarsely together. 
 
 Many sentences of one meaning clouted up to- 
 gether. Ascham. 
 
 Clouted, participial adj. Congealed; 
 coagulated ; corruptly used for clotted. 
 
 I've seen her skim the clouted cream. 
 And press from spongy curds the milk^' stream. 
 
 Gay. 
 Clo'uteely. adj. [probably by corrup- 
 tion from loiiterli/.] Clumsy ; awkward: 
 as, a clouterli/ fellow. 
 
 C L O 
 
 The single wheel plough it a very clouterly snrt. 
 Mortimer 8 Husbandry. 
 CLOWN, n. s. [imagined by Skinner and 
 Junius to be contracted from colonus. 
 It seems rather a Saxon word, corrupted 
 from lotvn ; loen, Dut. a word nearly of 
 the same import.] 
 
 1. A rustick ; a country fellow; a churl. 
 
 He came with all his clowns, horsed upon cart- 
 jades. Sidney. 
 
 The clowns, a boist'rous, rude, ungovern'd crew. 
 With furious haste to the loud summons flew. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A coarse, ill bred man. 
 
 In 3'Outh a coxcomb, and in age a clown. Spect. 
 
 A country sguire, represented with no other vice 
 but that of being a clown, and having the provin- 
 cial accent. Swift, 
 
 ClowneR'V^. n.s. [from clown.] Ill-breed- 
 ing ; churlishness ; rudeness ; brutality. 
 ihe fool's conceit had both clownery and ill-na- 
 ture. L'Estrange, 
 
 Clo'wnish. adj. [from clown.] 
 
 I Consisting of rusticks or clowns. 
 
 Young Silvia beats her breast, and cries aloud. 
 For succour from the clmonish neighbourhood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Coarse ; rough ; rugged. 
 
 But with his clou-nish hands their tender wings 
 He brusheth oft. Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 3. Uncivil; ill-bred ; ill-mannered. 
 
 What if we essay 'd to steal 
 The clownish fool out of your father's court ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. Clumsy ; ungainly. 
 
 With a grave look, in this odd equipage. 
 The clownish mimick traverses the stage. Prior. 
 
 Clo'wnishly. adv. [from clownish.] 
 Coarsely ; rudely; brutally. 
 
 Clo'wnishness. n. s. [from clouniish.] 
 
 1 . Rusticity ; coarseness ; unpolished rude- 
 ness. 
 
 Even his Dorick dialect has an incomparable 
 sweetness in its clownishness. DnJ&en. 
 
 If the boy should not make legs very gracefully, 
 a dancing master will cure that defect, and wipe 
 off that plainness which the a-la-mode people call 
 cltuvnishness. Locke. 
 
 2. Incivility; brutality. 
 
 Clovi'N's Mustard, n. s. An herb. Diet. 
 To CLOY, v. a. [enclouer, Fr. to nail up ; 
 to stop up.] 
 
 1 . To satiate ; to sate ; to fill beyond de- 
 sire ; to surfeit ; to fill to loathing. 
 
 The length of those speeches had not cloyed 
 Pyrocles, though he were very impatient of limg 
 deliberations. Sidney. 
 
 The very creed of Athanasius, and that sacred 
 hymn of glory, are reckoned as superfluities, which 
 we must ni any case pare away, lest we cloy God 
 with too raucli service. liooker. 
 
 \Vho can cloy the hungry ed"e of appetite 
 By bare imagination of a feast r Shakesp. 
 
 "Continually varying the same sense, and taking 
 up what he had more than enough inculcated be- 
 fore, he sometimes cloys his readers instead of sa- 
 tisfying them. Dryden. 
 
 Whose little store her well taught mind does 
 please, 
 Nor pinch'd with want, nor cloy'd with wanton 
 ease. Roscommvn. 
 
 Intemperance in eating and drinking, instead of 
 delighting and satisfying nature, doih but load 
 and cloy it. Tilhtson. 
 
 Settle, cloy'd with custard and with praise, 
 Is galher'd to the dull of ancient days. Pope, 
 
 2. It seems to have, in the following pas- 
 sage, another sense ; perhaps to strike 
 the beak together. 
 
 328
 
 C L U 
 
 His royal bird 
 
 Prunes the immortal wiim, and cliyi his beak, 
 
 As when his god is picas d. Shakcsii. 
 
 3. To nail up guns, by striking a spike 
 
 into the touch-hole. 
 Clo'yless. adj. [from cloy.] That of 
 
 which too mucli cannot be had ; that 
 
 which cannot cause satiety. 
 
 Epicurean cooks 
 Sharpen with chytess sauce his appetite. Shakcsp. 
 
 Clo'yment. M.S. [from c/o^.] Satiety; 
 repletion beyond appetite. 
 
 Alas I tlieir love may be call'd appetite : 
 No motion of the liver, but the palate, 
 That suft'ers surfeit, cloyment, and revolt. Shakcsp. 
 
 CLUB. n. s. [from clwppa, Welsh ; klup- 
 pel, Dutch.] 
 
 1. A heavy stick; a staff intended for of- 
 fence. 
 
 He strove his corabred club to quit 
 Out of the earth. Speitser^s Fairy Queen. 
 
 As lie pulled off his helmet, a butcher slew him 
 with the stroke of a club. llayward. 
 
 Arra'd with a knotty club another came. Dryd. 
 
 2. The name of one of the suits of cards. 
 The clubs black tyrant first her victim died, 
 
 Spite of his haughty mein and barb'rous pride. 
 
 P(yi}e. 
 
 3. [From cleopan to divide. Skinnir.] 
 The shot or dividend of a reckoning, paid 
 by the company in just proportions. 
 
 A fuddling cou|ilc sold ale : their humour was 
 to drink drunk, upon their own liquor ; they laid 
 down their club, and this they called forcing a 
 trade. UEstrange. 
 
 4. An assembly of good fellows, meeting 
 under certain conditions. 
 
 What right has any man to meet in factious clubs 
 to vilify the government? Dnjd. Medul. Ded. 
 
 5. Concurrence ; contribution ; joint 
 charge. 
 
 He's bound to vouch them for his own, 
 Tho' got b'iroplicite generation, 
 And general club of all the nation. Hudibras. 
 
 To pLiUB. V. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To contribute to a common expence in 
 
 settled proportions. 
 '?.. To join to one effect ; to contribute 
 separate powers to one end. 
 
 Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream 
 Of fancy, madly met, and clubb'd into a dream. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Every part of the body seems to club and con- 
 tribute to the seed ; else w liy should parents, born 
 blind or deaf, sometimes generate children with 
 the same imperfections ? Ray. 
 
 Let sugar, wine, and cream together club, 
 To make that gentle viand, syllabub. King. 
 
 The owl, the raven, and the bat, 
 Clubb'd for a feather to his hat. Swift. 
 
 To Club. v. a. To pay to a common rec- 
 koning. 
 
 Plums and directors, Shylock and his wife, 
 Will club their testers now to take your life. Pope. 
 Fibres being distinct, and impregnated by dis- 
 tinct spirits, how should tliey club their particular 
 informations intoacommonidea? Coll. onThought. 
 Clubhea'ded. a(lj. [club and head.] 
 Having a thick head. 
 Small clubheaded anteriiiK. Dcrham. 
 
 Clubla'w. n. s. [club and laiv.] Regu- 
 lation by force ; the law of arms. 
 
 Ihe enemies of our happy establisbincnt seem 
 to have recourse to the laudable method of clublaw, 
 when they find all other means for enforcing the 
 absurdity of their opinions to be ineffectual. 
 
 Addiions Freeholder. 
 
 Clu'broom. n. s. [c/aft and room.] The 
 room in which a club or company as- 
 sembles. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 C L U 
 
 These ladies resolved to give tiie pictures of 
 their deceased husbands to the chibnwni. 
 
 Addhion's Spectator. 
 
 To Cluck, v. n. [clvecian, Welsh ; do- 
 chat, Armorick ; cloccarij Sax. ; klockc?i, 
 Dut.] To call chickens, as a hen. 
 
 She, poor hen, fond of no second brotjd, 
 Has cluck\l thee to the wars. {Shak. Cnriohmis. 
 
 Ducklings, though liatciied by a hen, if slie 
 brings tlieni to a river, in they go, though tiit* 
 hen clucks and calls to keep tliem out. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Clump, w. s. [formed from lump.] 
 
 1. A shapeless piece of wood, or other 
 matter, nearly equal in its dimensions. 
 
 2. A cluster of trees ; a tuft of trees or 
 shrubs : anciently a plump. 
 
 Clumps, w. s. A numbscuU. Skinner. 
 Clu'msilv. adv. [from clumsy.'] Awk- 
 wardly without readiness ; without nim- 
 bleness ; without grace. 
 He walks very clumsily and ridiculously. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 This lofty humour is c/umsi7j/ and inartificia!ly 
 
 managed, when alTected. Collier on Pride. 
 
 Clu'msiness. 71. s. [from c'/m/h.v^.] Awk- 
 wardness; ungainliness; want of readi- 
 ness, nimbleness, or dexterity. 
 
 The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to 
 clumsiness and ignorance, wliich either wants pro- 
 per tools, or skill to use tiiein. Collier on Fame. 
 
 CLU'MSY. adj. [This word omitted in 
 tlie other etymologists, is riglitly de- 
 rived by Baileif from lompsch, Dutch, 
 stupid. In English, lump, clump, lump- 
 ish, dumpish, dumpishlij, dumsili/, 
 clumsy. 1 Awkward, heavy, artless, un- 
 handy, witliout dexterity, readiness or 
 grace. It is used either of persons, or 
 actions, or things. 
 
 The matter ductile and sequacious, apt to be 
 moulded into such shapes and maciiines, even by 
 clumsxi fingers. Raii. 
 
 But thou in clumsii verse, unlick'd, unpointed, 
 Hast shamefully defy'd. Dryden. 
 
 That clumsy outside of a porter, 
 How could it thus conceal a courtier ? Swift. 
 
 Clung. The preterite and participle "of 
 
 ding. 
 Clung, adj. [clungu. Sax.] Wasted with 
 
 leanness ; shrunk up with cold. 
 To Clung, v. n. [clunjan, Sax.] To 
 
 dry as wood does, when it is laid up 
 
 after it is cut. See To Cling. 
 CLUSTER, w. s. [clyjfceji, Sax. klister, 
 
 Dutch.] 
 
 1. A bunch; a number of things of the 
 same kind growing or joined together. 
 
 Grapes will continue fresh and moist all winter, 
 if you hang them cluster by cluster in the roof of 
 a warm room. Bacon. 
 
 A swelling knot is rais'd ; ^ 
 
 Whence, in short space, itself the cluster shows, 
 And from earth's moisture, mixt with sun-beams, 
 gro« s. Denhnm. 
 
 The saline corpuscles of one liquor do variously 
 act upon the tinging corpuscles of another, so as 
 to make many of them associate into a cluster, 
 whereby two transparent liquors may compose a 
 coloureil one. Nen-ton, 
 
 An elm was near, to whose embraces led. 
 The curling vine her swelling c/(i.s(cr5 spread. Pope, 
 
 2. Anumber of animals gathered together. 
 
 As bees 
 Pour forth their populous youth about the hive 
 In clusters. Milton's Parad. Lost. 
 
 There with their clasping feet together ciniig. 
 And a long c/iAStcrr from the laurel hung. Dryden. 
 
 C O A 
 
 3. A body of people collected ; used in 
 contempt. 
 
 We lov'd liim ; but like beasts. 
 And coward nobles gave way to your clustert, 
 A\ ho did hoot him out o' th' city. Shakcsp. 
 
 My friend took his station among a cluster of 
 mob, who were niakir.g themselves merry with 
 their betters. .^ddisvn. 
 
 To Clu'ster. v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 grow in bunches ; to gather into bunches; 
 to congregate. 
 
 Forth flourish'd thick the clustering vine. MUt. 
 
 Great failier Bacchus, to my song repair ; 
 For clustering grapes are thy peculiar care. Dryd. 
 
 Or from the forest falls the clustered snow, 
 I\Iyriuds of gems. Thom.ums Winter. 
 
 To Clu'ster. v. a. To collect any thing 
 
 into bodies. 
 Cluster GRAPE, n.s. [from c/urfir and 
 
 grape.] 
 The small black grape is by some called the 
 
 currant, or clustergrape ; which I reckon the for- 
 
 wardest of the black sort. Mortimer^s Husbandry. 
 
 Clu'stery. adj. [from cluster.] Grow- 
 ing in clusters. 
 
 To CLUTCH, v.a. [of uncertain etymo- 
 logy.] 
 
 1 . To hold in the hand ; to gripe ; to grasp. 
 
 Is this a dagger I see before me. 
 The handle tow'rd my hand? Come, let me clutch 
 thee. Shaketp. 
 
 'J'hey, 
 Like moles within us, heave and "cast about j 
 And, till they foot and clutch tlieir prey. 
 They never cool. Herbert. 
 
 2. To comprize ; to grasp. 
 
 A man may set the poles together in his head, 
 and clutch the whole globe at one intellectual 
 grasp. Collier on Thought. 
 
 3. To contract ; to double the hand, so as 
 to seize and hold fast. 
 
 Not that I have the power to clutch my hand, 
 When his fair angels would salute ray pfdra. 
 
 Shakcsp. King John. 
 
 Clutch, n. «. [from the verb.] 
 1. The gripe; grasp; seiztire. 
 •2. Generally, in the plural, tlie paws, the 
 talons. 
 
 It was the hard fortune of a cock to fall into the 
 
 clutches of a cat. L'Estrange. 
 
 3. Hands, in a sense of rapacity and cruelty. 
 
 Your greedy slav'ring to devour. 
 
 Before 'twas in your clutches pow'r. Iludibras. 
 
 Set up the covenant on crutches, 
 'Gainst those who have us in their clutches. IJudih. 
 I must have great leisure, and little care of my- 
 self, if I ever more come near the clutches of such 
 a i;iant. Stdlingjieet. 
 
 CLLl'TTER. n. s. [See Clatter.] A 
 noise ; a bustle ; a busy tumult ; a 
 hurry ; a clamour. A low word. 
 
 He saw what a chitlcr there was with huge, 
 over-grown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange. 
 
 The fav'rite child, that just begins to prattle. 
 Is very humoursonie, and makes great clutter,^ 
 Till he has windows on his bread anil butter. A'iiig. 
 
 rrilhee, Tim, why all this clutter ? 
 
 AVhy ever in these raging fits. Stcifi. 
 
 To Clu'tter. v.n. [from tlie noim.] To 
 
 make a noise, or btistle. 
 Clyster, n. s. [x'^'rij-] '^" injection 
 
 into the anus. 
 If nature relieves by a diarrhaa, without sinking 
 
 the strenglh of the p'aticnt, it is not to be stopt, 
 
 but proiiiole<l gently by emollient clusters. .Mmth. 
 
 To CO ACERVATE v. a. [coacerro, Lat.] 
 To heap up together. 
 
 The coll"c;ition of the spirits in bodies, whe- 
 ther the spirits be coacenate or ditfused. 
 
 3acon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Uu 329
 
 C O A 
 
 Coaceeva'tion. 7US. [from coacervate.] 
 The act of heaping, or sta{e of being 
 heaped, together. 
 
 The fixinu'of it is the equal spreading of the 
 
 tangible parts, and the close coacervation of them. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 COACH, w. s. [coche, Fr. kotczj/, among 
 the Hungarians, by whom this vehicle 
 is said to have been invented. I\Ihi- 
 sk('n\] A carriage of pleasure or state, 
 distinguished from a chariot by having 
 seats fronting each other. 
 
 Basilius attended fur her in a coach, to carry her 
 abroad to see some sports. Sidneii. 
 
 A better would you fix ? 
 Tiien give humility a coach and six. Pope. 
 
 Suppose that last week my coach was within 
 an inch of overturning in a sraootlieven way, and 
 drawn by very gentle horses. Swift. 
 
 To Coach, v. a, [from the noun.] To 
 carry in a coach. 
 
 The needy poet sticks to all he meets, 
 Coach'd, carted, trod upon ; now loose, now fast, 
 And carry'd off in some dog's tail at last. Pope. 
 
 Coach-box. ?i. s. [coach and box. "] The 
 seat on which the driver of the coach 
 
 sits. 
 
 Her father liad two coachmen, wlieii one was 
 in the coachhox, if the coach swung but the least 
 to one side, she used to sliriek. 
 
 Arbuthnot's History of John Bull. 
 
 Coach-hire. ?i. s. Money paid for the 
 use of a hired coach. 
 
 You exclaim as loud as those that praise. 
 For scraps and coach^hire, a young noble's plan's. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 My expences in coach-hire make no small ar- 
 ticle. Spectator. 
 
 Coach-house, n.s, [coach anil house.] 
 The liouse in which the coach is kept 
 from the weather. 
 Let him lie in the stable or the coach-house. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Coach-maker, n.s, [coach and 7naker.] 
 The artificer whose trade is to make 
 coaches. 
 
 Her chariot is an empty hazel-nut. 
 Made by the joyner Squirrel, or old Grub, 
 Time out of mind the fairies coach-mrt?cer5. Shah 
 
 Take care of your wheels : get a new set bought, 
 and probably the coach-maker will consider you. 
 
 Sicift. 
 
 Coach-man. n. s. [coach and man.'] 
 The driver of a coach. 
 
 Thy nags, the leanest things alive, 
 So very hard tnou lov'st to drive ; 
 1 heard thy anxious coachman say. 
 It costs thee more in whips than hay. Prior. 
 
 She commanded her trembling coachman to 
 drive her chariot neartlie body of her king. South. 
 
 To COA'CT. r. w. [from con and act.] 
 To act together ; to act in concert. Not 
 used. 
 
 But if I tell how these two did coact, 
 Shall I not lye in publishing a truth i Shahesp. 
 
 Coa'ction. 71. s. [coactuSj Lat.] Com- 
 pulsion ; force, either restraining or im- 
 pelHng. 
 
 It had the passions in perfect subjection ; and 
 tliough its command over them was persuasive 
 and political, yet it had the force of coaction,an<l 
 despotical. South. 
 
 Coa'ctive. arlj. [from coact.] 
 
 1. Having the force of restraining or im- 
 pelling; compulsory; restrictive. 
 
 Tlie Levitical priests, in the old law, never 
 arrogated unto themselves any temporal or coac- 
 ttve pow er. Raleigh 
 
 2. Acting in concurrence. Obsolete. 
 
 c o A 
 
 Imagination, 
 With what's unrr nl thou coactiie art. Shakesp. 
 Coadju'ment. n.s. [from co/j and a<//«- 
 vientum, Lat.] Mutual assistance. Did- 
 Coadju'tant. n.s. [from core and arf- 
 juto, Lat.] Helping ; operating. 
 Thracius cottdjutattt, and the roar 
 Of fierce Euroclvdun. Philips. 
 
 Coadju'tor. n.s. [from con and adju- 
 tor, Lat.] 
 
 1. A fellow-helper, an assistant, an as- 
 sociate, one engaged in the assistance of 
 another. 
 
 1 should not succeed in aproject, whereof I liave 
 had no hint from my i)redecessors tlie poets, or 
 tlleir seconds or coai\jutor& the criticks. Dnfden. 
 
 Away the friendly coitiijutiyr flies. Garth's Visp. 
 A gownman of a ditferent make, 
 
 Whtjm Pallas, once Vanesa's tutor, 
 
 Had fix'd on for her coadjutor. Swift. 
 
 2. [In the canon law.] One who is ira- 
 powered or appointed to perform the 
 duties of another. 
 
 A bishop that is unprofitable to his diocese ought 
 to lie deposed and no coa<l}utflr assigned him. Ayl. 
 CoADJu'vANCY. n.s. [from f on and arf- 
 Jiivo, Lat.] Help; concurrent help; con- 
 tribution of help; co-operation. 
 
 Crystal is a mineral body, in the difference of 
 stones, made of a lentous percolation of earth, 
 drawn from the most pure and limpid juice there- 
 of; owing to the coldness of the earth some con- 
 currence and coadjiivancy, butnot innnediate de- 
 termination and efhcieiicy. Brouiis Vnlg. Err, 
 
 CoADUNlTioN. 71. s. [from con, ad, 
 nnitio, Lat.] The conjunction of dif- 
 ferent substances into one mass. 
 
 Bodies seem to have an intrinsick principle of, or 
 corruption from, the condunition of particles en- 
 dued with contrary qualities. Hales Orig. of'Mank. 
 
 To COAGMENT. v. a. [from con and 
 agmen, Lat.] To congregate or heap 
 together. I have only found the parti- 
 ciple in use. 
 
 Had the word been coagmented from that sup- 
 posed fortuitous jumble, this hypothesis had been 
 tolerable. GlanviUe, 
 
 Coagmenta'tion. n. s. [from coag- 
 mait-l Collection, or coacervation, into 
 one mass ; union; conjunction. 
 
 The third part rests in tlie well joining, cement- 
 ing, and coagmentation of words, when it is 
 smooth, gentle, and sweet. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Coa'gulable. adj. [from coagulate.] 
 That which is capable of concretion. 
 
 Stones that are rich in vitriol, being often 
 drenched with rain-water, the liquor wnl then 
 extract a fine and transparent substance, coagtUable 
 into vitriol- Boyle. 
 
 To COA'GULA I E. v. a. [from coagnlo, 
 Lat.] To force into concretions ; as, by 
 affusion of some other substance to turn 
 milk. 
 
 Roasted in wrath and fire. 
 And thus o'ersized with coagulate gore. Shakesp. 
 Vivification ever consistetli in spirits attenuate; 
 whicli the cold doth congeal and coagulate. 
 
 Bacon s Natural History 
 
 Bitumen is found in lumps or coagulated masses 
 -. : Tr'„.,j...^",.j'.. A^-.» w;.* 
 
 nt some sprnigs. 
 
 M'oodtcard's Nat. HUt. 
 
 The milk in the stomach of calves, which is 
 coagulated by the runnet, is again dissolved and 
 rendered fluid by the gall in the duodenum. 
 
 ."irbuthnot. 
 
 To Coa'gulate. v. 11. To run into con- 
 cretions, or congelations. 
 
 Spirit of wine commixed with milk, a third 
 part spirit of wine, and two parts milk, coagnlatcth 
 little, hut mingleth ; and the spirit swims not 
 above. Bacon. 
 
 C O A 
 
 About the third part of the oil olive, which was 
 driven over into the receiver, did there coagu- 
 late into a whitish body, almost like butter. Boyle. 
 Coagula'tion. n.s. [from coagulate.] 
 
 1 . Concretion ; congelation ; the act of co- 
 agulating ; the state of being co.iguIatcd. 
 
 2. The body formed by coagulation. 
 
 As the substance of coagulations is not merely 
 saline, nothing dissolves them but what penetrates 
 and relaxes at the same time. .irbuthjiot. 
 
 Coa'gulative. adj. [from coagulate.] 
 That which has the power of causing 
 concretion, or coagulation. 
 
 To manifest the coagulativc power, we have 
 sometimes in a minute arrested the fluidity of new 
 milk, and turned it into a curdled substance, 
 only by dexterously mingling with it a few drops 
 of good oil of vitriol. Boyle. 
 
 Coagula'tor. n. s. [from coagulate.] 
 That which causes coagulation. 
 
 Coagulators of the humours, are those things 
 which expel the most fluid parts, as in the case of 
 incrassating, or thickening ; and by those things 
 which suck up some of the fluid parts, as ab- 
 sorbents. Arbuthnot. 
 
 COAL. n.s. [col. Sax. kol, Germ, hole, 
 Dut. kill, Danish.] 
 
 1. The common fossile fewel. 
 
 Coal is a black, sulphurous, inflammatory mat- 
 ter, du2 out of the eartli, sei ving for fewel, com- 
 mon in Europe, though the English coal is of most 
 repute. One species of pit coal is called cannel, 
 or canole coal, which is found in the northern coun- 
 ties ; hard, glossy, and light, apt to cleave into 
 t)iin flakes, and, when kindled, yields a continual 
 blaze till it be burnt out. Chamhers. 
 
 Coals are solid, dry, opakc, inflammable sub- 
 stances, found in large strata, splitting horizon- 
 tally more easily than in any otlier direction ; of 
 a glossy hue, soft and friable, not fusible, but 
 easily inflammable, and leaving a large residuum 
 of ashes. " Hill on Fossib. 
 
 But age, enforc'd, falls by her own consent; 
 As coals to ashes, when the spirit's spent. Denham. 
 
 We shall meet with the same mineral lodged 
 in coals, that elsewhere we found in marie. 
 
 Wooduard's Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. The cinder of scorched wood ; charcoal. 
 
 Whatsoever doth so alter a body, as it returnetli 
 not again to that it was, may be called alteratio 
 major ; as when cheese is made of curds, or coaU 
 of wood, or bricks of earth. Bacon. 
 
 3. Fire ; any thing inflamed or ignited. 
 
 You are no surer, no. 
 Than is the coal of fire upon the ice. 
 Or hailstones in the sun. Shakesp. 
 
 You have blown this coal betwixt my lord and 
 me. Shakespeare. 
 
 The rage of jealousy then fir'd his soul. 
 And his face kindled like a burning coal. Dryden. 
 
 To Coal. i'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To burn wood to charcoal. 
 
 Add the tinner's care and cost in buying the 
 wood for this service ; felling, framing, and pjling 
 it to be burnt ; in fetching tlie same, w hen it is 
 coaled, through such far, "foul, and cumbersome 
 ways. Carcu's Surveu of Cornwall. 
 
 Charcoal of roots, coaled into grea't pieces, lasts 
 loneer than ordinary charcoal. Bacon. 
 
 2. To delineate with a coal. 
 
 Marvailing, he coaled out rliimes upon the wall, 
 near to the picture. Camden. 
 
 Coal-black, adj. [coal and black.] 
 Black in the highest degree ; of the co- 
 lour of a coal. 
 
 As burning .Etna, from his boiling stew, 
 Dotli belch out flames, and rocks in pieces broke. 
 
 And ragged ribs of mountains molten new, 
 Enwrapt in c(w/-Wacfc clouds and filtliy smoke. 
 
 fairy Queen. 
 
 Ethiopians and negroes become cml-black from 
 fuliginous cfllorescencies, and coraple.xional tinc- 
 tures, ^rim-n. 
 
 Coal-black his colour, but like jet it shone ; 
 His let's and flowing tail were white alone. Dryd. 
 ^ 330
 
 C O A 
 
 Coal-box. n. s. [coal and box.] A box 
 to carry coals to the fire. 
 
 Leave a pail of dirty ivater, acoal-boi, a bottle, 
 abrooin and such other unsightly things, Swifi. 
 
 Coal-fish. n. a-, [asellus 7tiger.] A 
 
 species of beardless gad us. 
 Coal-mine. n. s. [coal and mine.'] A 
 mine in which coals are dug ; a coal-pit. 
 Springs injure land, that flow from coal-miiies. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Coal-pit. h. s. [from coal and pit.} A 
 pit made in the earth, generally to a 
 great depth, for digging coals. 
 
 A leaf of the polviJody kind, found in the 
 sinklni; of a coalpit. ' Woodward. 
 
 Coal-stone, n. s. [coal and stone.] A 
 sort of cannel coal. See COAL. 
 
 Coat-stone flames easily, and burns freely ; but 
 holds and endures the fire much longer than coal. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 COAL-WOEK. n. s. [coal and work.] A 
 coalery ; a place where coals are found. 
 Theie is a vast treasure in the old English, from 
 whence authors may draw constant supplies ; as 
 our otlicers make their surest remits from the coal- 
 u'orks and the mines. Feltoyt. 
 
 CoALERY. n. s. [from coal.] A place 
 ■where coals are dug. 
 
 Two tine stalaclitae were found hanging from a 
 black stone, at a deserted vault in Benwcll coa/ery. 
 
 Woodward, 
 
 To COALESCE, r. «. [coalesco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To unite in masses by a spontaneous 
 approximation to each other. 
 
 When vapours are raised, they hinder not the 
 traiiSjiarency of the air, being divided into parts 
 too small to cause any refleclioii in their superfi- 
 cies ; but when they begin to coalesce, and con- 
 stitute globules, those globules become of a con- 
 venient size to reflect some colours. Newton* 
 
 2. To grow together ; to join. 
 Coale'scence. 71.5. [from coa I esceJ] The 
 
 act of coalescing ; concretion; union. 
 Coali'tion. n, s, [from coahsco, coali- 
 tumj Lat.] Union in one mass or body ; 
 conjunction of separate parts in one 
 Vvhole. 
 
 The world's a mass of heterogeneous consisten- 
 cies, and every part thereof a coalition of distin- 
 guishable varieties. Granville. 
 
 la the first coalition of a people, their prospect 
 is not great: thej provide laws for their present 
 e.'tigence. Hale. 
 
 'Tis necessary that these squandered atoms 
 should convene and unite into great masses : with- 
 out such a coalition the chaos must have reigned 
 to all eternity. Bentley. 
 
 Co'aly. adj, [from coaLI Containing 
 coal. 
 
 Or fon/t/Tine, or ancient hallow'd Dee. Milton, 
 
 Coaptation, n. s. [from row and oj^/o, 
 Lat] The adjustment of parts to each 
 other. 
 
 In a clock the hand is moved upon the dial, 
 the bell is struck, and the other actions belonging 
 to the engine are performed by virtue of the size, 
 shape, bigness, and coaptation oi \ht several parts. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 The same method makes both prose and verse 
 beautiful, which consists in the judicious cfa|»rn- 
 tro'i and raniiing of tlie words. Broome, 
 
 To CO.VRCT. I I', a. {coarcto, 
 
 Ti> COARCTATE. J Lat.] 
 
 1. To straiten ; to confine into a narrow 
 compass. 
 
 The wind finding the room in the form of a 
 trunk, and coarctated therein, forced tlic stones of 
 the window, like pellets, clean through it. Bacon. 
 
 2. 'I'o contract power ; to restrain. 
 
 c o A 
 
 If a man coarcts himself to the extremity of an 
 act, he must blame and impute it to liimself, that 
 he has thus coarcted or straitened himself so far 
 
 Aylife. 
 
 Coarctation. n*s. [from coarct.] 
 
 1. Confinement ; restraint to a narrow 
 space. 
 
 The greatest winds, if they liave no coarctation, 
 or blow not hollow, give an interiour sound. Bacon. 
 
 2. Contraction of any space. 
 
 Straiten the artery never so much, provided 
 the sides of it do not meet, the vessel will con- 
 
 tinue to beat, below or beyond the coarctatioti 
 
 Ray. 
 3. Restraint of liberty. 
 
 Election is oj^posed not only to coaction, but 
 also to coarctatio7i, or determination to one. 
 
 Bramhall. 
 
 COARSE, adj. 
 
 1. Not refined; not separated from im- 
 purities or baser parts. 
 
 I feel 
 Of what coarse metal ye are moulded. Shakesp. 
 
 ■?.. Not soft or fine ; used of cloth, of 
 which the threads are large. 
 
 3. Rude ; uncivil ; rough of manners. 
 
 4. Gross ; not delicate. 
 'Tis not the coarser tje of human law 
 
 That binds their peace. Thonuon. 
 
 5. Inelegant ; rude ; unpolished. 
 Praise of Virgil is against myself, for ])resum- 
 
 ing to copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful 
 expressions. Drtjden. 
 
 6. Not nicely expert ; unfinished by art 
 or education. 
 
 Practical rales may be useful to such as are re- 
 mote from advice, and to coarse practitioners, 
 which they are obliged to make use of. .irbnth. 
 
 7. INIean ; not nice; not elegant; vile. 
 
 Ill consort, and a coarse perfume. 
 Disgrace the delicacy of a least. Roscommon. 
 
 A. coarse and useless dunghill weed, 
 Fix'd to one spot, to rot just as it grows. Otiiay. 
 
 From this coarse mixture of terrestrial parts. 
 Desire and fear by turns possess their hearts. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Co'arsely. adv. [from coarse.] 
 
 1. Without fineness : ^vithout refinement. 
 
 2. Meanly ; not elegantly. 
 John came neither eating nor drinking, but 
 
 fared coarsely and poorly, according to the ap- 
 parel he wore. Brown. 
 
 3. Rudely ; not civilly. 
 The good caiuiot be too much honoured, nor the 
 
 bad too coarsehi used. Dryden. 
 
 4. Inelegantly. 
 Be pleased to accept the rudiments of Virgil's 
 
 poetry, CMirsdi/ translated, but which yet retains 
 sorae'beauties of the author. Drydcn. 
 
 Co'arseness. n. s. [from coarse.] 
 
 1 . Impurity ; unrefined state. 
 First know the materials whereof the glass is 
 
 made ; then consider what the reason is of the 
 coarseness or dearness. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 2. Roughness ; want of fineness. 
 
 3. (jrossness; want of delicacy. 
 Friends (pardon the coarscriess of the illustra- 
 tion) as dogs in couples, sliuuld be of the same 
 size. " L' Estrange. 
 
 4. Roughness ; rudeness of manners. 
 A base wild olive lie remains ;_ 
 
 The shrub the coarseness of the clown retains. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 5. Meanness ; want of nicety. 
 Consider the penuriousness of the Hollanders, 
 
 the coarseness of their food and raiment, and their 
 
 little indulgences of pleasure. Addison on tlic War. 
 CO.\ST. n. s. [coste, Fr. casta, Latin.] 
 1. The edge or margin of the land next 
 
 the sea ; the shore. It is not used for 
 
 the banks of less waters. 
 
 CCA 
 
 He sees in English ships the Holland coast. Dry. 
 
 2. It seems to be taken by Aewton for side, 
 like the French coste. It was likewise so 
 used bj' Bacon. 
 
 The south-east is found to be better for ripen- 
 ing of trees llian the south-west ; thoui^i tlie 
 soath-wpst he the liottest roast. Bacim. 
 
 Some kind of virtue, lodged in some sides '.f 
 the crystal, inclines and bends the rays loviariU 
 the coast, of unusual refraction ; other»ise the 
 rays would not be refracted towards tiiat coast 
 rather than any other coast, both at their incidence 
 and at their emergence, so as to emerge by a con- 
 trary situation of the coast. iVeirttm'i Optich. 
 
 3. T/ie Coast ii clear, [a proverbial ex- 
 pression.] The danger is over; the 
 enemies have marched off. 
 
 Going out, and seeing that the cotist teas c tear, 
 Zelmane dismissed JMusldorus. Sidney. 
 
 The roval spy, when now the coast vas clear. 
 Sought not the garden, but retire 1 unseen. Vryd. 
 
 To Coast, v. n. [from tiie noun.] 'i o 
 sail close by the coast ; to sail within 
 sight of land. 
 
 But steer my vessel with a steady band. 
 And coast along the shore in sight of land. 
 
 Drydcn s VirgH. 
 
 The ancients coasted only in their navigation, 
 
 seldom taking the open sea. .irhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 To Coast, v. a. To sail by ; to sail near 
 
 to. 
 
 Nearchus, the admiral of Alexander, not know- 
 ing the compass, was fain to coast that shore. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 The greatest entertainment we found in coasting 
 
 it, were the several prospects of woods, vineyards, 
 
 meadows, and corn-fields which lie on the borders 
 
 of it. Addison on Italy, 
 
 Co'aster. n. s. [from coast.] He that 
 sails timourously near the shore. 
 
 In our small skift' we must not launch too far ; 
 We here but coasteis, not discuv'rers are. Dryden. 
 COAT. n. s. [cotte, Fr. cotta, Ital.] 
 1. The upper garment. 
 
 He was armed with a coof of mail, and the 
 weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of 
 brass. t Samuel. 
 
 The coat of many colours thev brought to their 
 father, and said, tliis have we found :Tinow now 
 whether it be thy son's coat or no. _ Genesis. 
 •2. Petticoat ; the habit of a boy in his in- 
 fancy ; the lower part of a woman's 
 
 dress. 
 
 A friend's younger son, a child in c.vts, was 
 not easily brought fo his book. -, Locke. 
 
 3. The h.ibit or vesture, as demonstrative 
 of the office. 
 
 For his intermeddling with arms, he is the more 
 excusable, because many of his coat, in those 
 times, are not only martial directors, but com- 
 manders. Howel's local Forest. 
 
 JMen of his coat should be minding their pray 'rs. 
 And not among ladies, to give theuiselves airs. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 4. The hair or fur of a be.ist ; the cover- 
 ins of any animal. 
 
 He clad 
 Their nakedness with skins of beasts ; or slain. 
 Or, as the snake, with youthful coat repaid ; 
 And thou<-ht not much to clothe his enemies. 
 
 = Milttm. 
 
 Give your horse some powder of brimstone in 
 his oats," and it will make his coat lie fine. 
 
 Mortimer's Hnsl>andry. 
 Vou have given us milk 
 In luscious streams, and lent us vour own root 
 Against the winter's cold. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 5. .\ny integument, tunick, or covering. 
 The eve is defended with four coots or skins. 
 
 Pcachnm. 
 The optick nerves have their medullary parts 
 lermiiiatniE in the bram, their teguments termi- 
 nating in the CiMls of the eye. 
 
 Vc-ham's Phyaco-Theology. 
 331
 
 COB 
 
 Amber is a nodule, invested with a. coat, called 
 rock-aniber. Wovdicard on Fossils. 
 
 6. That on which the ensigns armorial are 
 portrayed. 
 
 The herald of love's mighty king, 
 In whose coat armour richly are display'd 
 Ail sorts of flowers the wliicli on earth do spring. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Cropp'd are the flower-de-luces in your arms; 
 Of England's coat one half is cutaway. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 At each trumpet was a banner bound, 
 Which, waving in the wind, displayed at large 
 Their master's coat of arms and knightly cbarfic. 
 
 Drytleti. 
 
 To Coat. i\ a. [from the noun.] To 
 cover ; to invest ; to overspread : as, to 
 coat a retort ; to coat a ceiling. 
 To COAX. V. a. To wheedle ; to flatter; 
 to humour. A low word. 
 
 The nurse had changed her note ; she was muz- 
 zling and coaxing the child ; that's a pood dear, 
 says she. UEstrange. 
 
 1 coax! I wheedle! I'm above it. 
 
 Farqiihars Recndi'mg Officer. 
 
 Co'axer. n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 wheedler ; a flatterer. 
 
 Cob. a word often used in the com- 
 position of low terms; corrupted from 
 cop. Sax. kopf, Germ, the head or top. 
 
 Cob. n. s. 
 
 1. A sort of sea-fowl ; called also 5f/7-roft. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 2. In some provinces, and probably in old 
 language, a spider ; whence cobweb. 
 
 Co'balt. n. J. A marcasite frequent in 
 Saxony. 
 
 Cobalt is plentifully impregnated with arsenick ; 
 contains copper and some silver. Being sublimed, 
 the flores are of a blue colour : these, German 
 mineralogists call zaflir. JVooduard. 
 
 Cobalt IS a dense, compact and ponderous mi- 
 neral, very bright and shining, and much resem- 
 bling some of the antimonial ores. It is found in 
 Germany, Saxony, Bohemia, and England ; but 
 ours is a poor kind. From cobalt arc produced the 
 three sorts of arsenick, white, 3'cllow, and red ; 
 as also zaflVe and smalt. Hill oji Fossils. 
 
 To COBBLE. V. a. [kobler, Dan.] 
 
 1 . To mend any thing coarsely : used 
 generally of shoes. 
 
 If j'ou be out, Sir, I can mend you.— Why, 
 Sir, cobble you. Shaktsp. Julius Casar. 
 
 They'll sit by th' fire, and presume to know 
 What's done i" th' capitol ; making (parties strong, 
 And feeble such as stand not in their liking 
 Below their cobbled shoes, Shahesp. Coi-iolanus. 
 
 Many underlayers, when they could not live 
 upon their trade, have raised themselves from 
 cobbling to fluxing. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. To do or make any thing clumsily, or 
 unhandily. 
 
 Reject the nauseous praises of the times ; 
 
 Give thy base poets back their cobbled rhimes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Believe not that the whole universe is mere 
 bungling and blundering, nothing elVocted for any 
 purpose or design, but all ill-favouredly cobbled 
 and jumbled together. Bcjitley. 
 
 Co'bbler. n. s, [from cobble.] 
 
 1, A mender of old shoes. 
 
 Not many years ago it happened that a cobbler 
 bad tiie casting vole for the life of a criminal. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2, A clumsy workman in general. 
 
 What trade are you ?— 
 Truly, Sir, in respect of a fine workman, I am 
 but, as you would say, a. cobbler. 
 
 Shahesp. Julius C(£sar. 
 
 3, In a kind of proverbial sense, any 
 mean person. 
 
 c o c 
 
 Think you the great prerogative t' enjoy 
 Of doing ill by virtue of that race ? 
 As if w hat we esteem in cobblers hase 
 Wouhl the high family of Brutus grace. Drv.Jur. 
 
 Co'birons. U.S. [cob Ami iron.] Irons 
 with a knob at the upper end, 
 
 'I'he implements of the kitchen ; as spits, ranges. 
 cobirons, and pots. Bacon's Fhijsical Remains. 
 
 Co'eishop. «. s* [co7i and bishop.] A 
 coadjutant bishop. 
 
 Valerius, advanced in years, andaGrecianby 
 birth, not quahfied to preach in the Liitin tongue, 
 made use of Austin as a cobishop, for the benefit 
 of the church of Hippo. Aylif'e. 
 
 Co'bnut. w. s. [cob and 7iut.] A boy's 
 
 game ; the conquering nut. 
 Co'bswan. w. s. [cob head, and szvan.] 
 
 The head or leading swan. 
 
 I am not taken 
 With a cofesd'an, or a high-mounting bull, 
 As foolish Leda and Europa were. 
 
 Ben Joiuon's Cataline. 
 Co'bweb n. s. [kopweb, Dut.] 
 
 1. The web or net of a spider ; from cob 
 a spider. 
 
 The luckless Clarion, 
 With violent swift flight, forth carried 
 Into the cursed cobweb, wliich his foe 
 Had framed for his final overthrow. Spenser. 
 
 Is supper ready, the house trimmed, rushes 
 strewed, and cobwebs swept ? 
 
 Shahesp. Taming of the Shrew. 
 
 The spider, in the house of a burgher, fell pre- 
 sently to her network of drawing cobwebs up and 
 down. U Estrange. 
 
 2. Any snare, or trap : implying insidi- 
 ousness and weakness. 
 
 For he a rope of sand could twist 
 As tough as learned Sorbonist ; 
 And weave fine cnhwebs fit for scull 
 1 hat's empty when the moon is full. Hudibras. 
 
 Chronology at best is but a co/iU'e6 law, and he 
 broke through it with Ins weight. Dryden. 
 
 Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small 
 flics, but let wasps and hornets break through. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Co'coA. n. s. See Cacao. 
 
 Cocci'ferous. adj. [from xoxwof, and 
 feroy Lat.] All plants or trees are so 
 called that have berries. Quincy. 
 
 Co'cHiNEAL. n. s, [cochiniUa, Span, a 
 woodlouse.] 
 
 An insect gathered upon the opnntia, and dried ; 
 from which a heautiful red colour is extracted. Hill. 
 
 Co'cHLEARY. adj. [from cochlea, Lat. a 
 screw, Screwform ; in the form of a 
 screw. 
 
 That at St. Dennis, near Paris, hath wreathy 
 spires, and cochleary turnings about it, which 
 agreeth with the description of the unicorn's horn 
 in yEiian. Brown s Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Co'cHLEATED. adj. [h'om cochlea, Lat.] 
 Of a screwed or turbinated form. 
 
 Two pieces of stone, struck forth of the cavity 
 of the umbilici of shells, of the same sort with 
 the foregoing : they are of a cochleated figure. 
 
 Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 COCK, n. s, [cocc, Saxon ; cog, Fr.] 
 1. The male to the hen ; a domestick 
 
 fowl, remarkable for his gallantry, 
 
 pride, and courage. 
 
 Cochs have great combs and spurs ; hens, little 
 or none. Bacon^s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Trxxecochs o' th' game. 
 That never ask for what, or whom, thev fight; 
 But turn 'em out, and shew 'em hut a foe. 
 Cry liberty, and that's a cause of quarrel. Dryd. 
 
 The careful hen 
 Calls all her chirping family around, 
 Fed and defended by the fearless coch. 
 
 Thomson's Spnng. 
 
 c o c 
 
 2. The male of any small birds. 
 
 Calves and philosophers, tygers and statesmen, 
 cock sparrows and coc|ucts, (-xactly rescjnhle one 
 anotlier in tlie forniutiun of the pineal gland. 
 
 Arbuthnut and Pope, 
 
 3. The weathercock that shews the direc- 
 tion of the wind by turning. 
 
 \'ou cataracts and hurricanes, spout 
 Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown'd the 
 cocks ! Shakfsp. 
 
 4. A spoilt to let out water at will, by 
 turning tlie stoj) ; tlie handle had pro- 
 bably a cock on the top. Things that 
 were contrived to turn, seem anciently 
 to have had that form, whatever was 
 the reason. 
 
 When every room 
 Hath blaz'd with lights, and bray'd with min- 
 strelsy, 
 I have retir'd me to a wasteful coc/t, 
 And set mine eyes at flow. Shakesp. 
 
 It were good there were a little cock made in the 
 belly of the upper gh.ss. liacnn's Kat. Hist. 
 
 'J'hus the small jett, which hasty hands uidock, 
 Sp:rts in the gardener's eyes who turns the cock. 
 
 Pope. 
 •5. The notch of an arrow. 
 
 6. The part of the lock of a gun that 
 strikes with the flint, [from cocca, Ital. 
 the notch of an arrow. Skinner. Per- 
 haps from the action, like that of a cock 
 pecking ; but it was, 1 think, so called 
 when it had not its present form.] 
 
 With hasty rage he snatch'd 
 His gunshot, that in holsters watch'd ; 
 And bending eoc/c, lie levei'd full 
 Against th' outside of Tal^ol's skull, Hudibras. 
 
 A seven-shot gun carries powder and bullets 
 for seven charges and discharges Under the 
 breech of the barrel is one box for the powder; 
 a little before the lock another for the bullets ; be- 
 hind the cock a charger, which carries the powder 
 from the box to a funnel at the further end of the 
 lock. Grew. 
 
 7. A conqueror; a leader; a governing 
 man. 
 
 Sir Andrew is the cock of the club since he lefl 
 us. Addistm. 
 
 My schoolmaster call'd me a dunce and a fool ,• 
 But at cuffs I was always the cock of the school. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 8. Cockcrowing ; a note of the time in a 
 morning. 
 
 We were carousing till the second cock. Shak. 
 He begins at curfew, and goes till the first c<vk. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 9. A cockboat ; a small boat. 
 
 They take view of all sized cocks, barges, and 
 fisherb'oats hovering on the coast. 
 
 Carew's Surveij of Cornwall, 
 
 The fishermen that walk upon the beach. 
 Appear like mice; and yon tall anchoring bark, 
 Diminish'd to her cock ; her cock, a buoy. 
 Almost too small for sight. Shakesp. 
 
 10. A small heap of hay. [Properly cop.] 
 As soon as the dew is off tlie ground, spread 
 
 the hay again, and turn it, that it may wither on 
 the other side : then handle it, and, if you find 
 it dry, make it up into cocks. Mo'-timer. 
 
 11. The form of a hat. [from the comb 
 of the cock.] 
 
 Yon see many a smart rhetorician turning his 
 hat in his hands, moulding it into several different 
 cocks. Addison. 
 
 12. The style or gnomon of a dial. Cham. 
 
 1 3. The needle of a balance. 
 
 14. Cock on the Hoop. Triumphant; 
 exulting. 
 
 Now I am a frisker, all men on me look ; 
 What should I do but set coch on the hoop ? 
 
 Camden's Remains. 
 
 332
 
 c o c 
 
 You'll make a mutiny among my guests ! 
 You will set axr/ia /locip.' Sluikesp. 
 
 For Hudibras, who thought h' had won 
 Tilt field, as certain as a gun, 
 And having routed the whole troop. 
 With victory was cock a hoop. Hndibras. 
 
 To Cock. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To set erect ; to hold bolt upright as a 
 cock holds his head. 
 
 This is that muscle which performs the motion 
 so often mentioned hj the Latin poets, when they 
 talk of a man's cocking his nose, or playing the 
 rhinoceros, Addison. 
 
 Our Lightfoot barks, and cocUs his ears ; 
 O'eryoncTerstile see Lubbcrkinappears.Gay 'sPoi. 
 
 Dick would cock his nose in scorn, 
 But Torn was kind and loving. Swift. 
 
 2. To set up the hat with an air of petu- 
 lance and pertness. 
 
 Dick, who thus long had passive sat. 
 Here slrok'd his chin and cock'd his hat. Prior. 
 
 An alert young fellow cocked his hat upon a 
 frieiid of his who entered. Addison's Spectotor. 
 
 3. To mould the form of the hat. 
 
 4. To fix the cock of a gun ready for a 
 discharge. 
 
 Some of them holding up their pistols, cocked^ 
 
 near the door of the house, which they kept open. 
 
 Dryden't Dedication, JEneid. 
 
 5. To raise hay in small heaps. 
 
 Sike mirth in May is meetest for to make. 
 Or summer shade, under the cocked ha^'. 
 
 Spenser s Pastorals. 
 
 To Cock. v. n. 
 
 1 . To strut ; to hold up the head, and look 
 big, or menacing, or pert. 
 
 Sir Fopling is a fool so nicely writ ; 
 The ladies would mistake him for a wit ; 
 And when he sings, talks loud, and cocks would cry, 
 I vow, methinks, he's pretty company. Dryden. 
 
 Every one cocks and struts ujion it, and pre- 
 tends to overlook us. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 2. To train or use fighting cocks. 
 
 Cries out 'gainst cocking, since he cannot bet. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 Cock, in composition, signifies small or 
 
 little. 
 Cocka'de. n. s. [from cock.] A rib- 
 band worn in the hat. 
 Co'cKATRiCE. n. s. [from cock, and 
 arcep, Sax. a serpent.] A serpent sup- 
 posed to rise from a cock's egg. 
 
 They will kill one another by the look, like 
 cockatrices. Shakesp. 
 
 This was the end of this little cockatrice of a 
 king, that was able to destroy those that did not 
 espy him first. Bacon. 
 
 '. This cockatrice is soonest crushed in the shell ; 
 but, if it grows, it turns to a serpent and a dragon. 
 
 Ta ijtor. 
 My wife ! 'tis she, the very cockatrice ! Cojigi-eve. 
 
 Co'CKBOAT. n, s. [cock and boat.] A 
 small boat belonging to a ship. 
 
 That invincible armada, which having not fired 
 a cottage of ours at land, nor taken a cockboat of 
 ours at sea, wandered through the wilderness of 
 the northern seas. Bacon. 
 
 Did they think it less dishonour to God to be 
 like a brute, or a plant, or a cockboat, than to be 
 like a man ? StUlingJteet. 
 
 Co'cKBROTH. n. s. Broth made by boil- 
 ing a cock. 
 
 Diet upon spoon-meats ; as veal or cockbroths 
 prepared with French barley. Harvey on Consump. 
 
 Co'CKCROWiNG.n.*]cocA-andfrott'.] The 
 
 time at which cocks crow ; the morning. 
 
 Ye know not when the master of the house 
 
 Cometh ; at even, or at midnight, or at the cock- 
 
 croti-ing, or in the morning. Mark. 
 
 To Co'cKER. I', a. [coqueliner, Fr.] To 
 cade ; to fondle ; to indulge. 
 
 c o c 
 
 Most children's constitutions arc spoiled by 
 cockering and tenderness. Locke on Education. 
 
 He that will give liis son sugar plums to make 
 him learn, does but authorise his love of pleasure, 
 and cocker up that propensity which he ought to 
 subdue. Locke on Education. 
 
 Bred a fondling and an heiress, 
 Dress'd like any l^dy May'ress, 
 Civker'd by the" servants round, 
 Was too good to touch the ground. Swift. 
 
 Co'CKER. n. s, [from cock.] One who 
 
 follows the sport of cockfighting. 
 Co'CKEREL. n. s, {from cock.] A young 
 cock. 
 
 Which of ihem first begins to crow ?— 
 
 The old cock r— The cockerel. Shakesp. 
 
 What wilt thou be, young cockerel, when thy 
 
 spurs 
 
 Are grown to sharpness. Vryden. 
 
 Co'CKET. n.s. [of uncei-tain derivation.] 
 
 A seal belonging to the king's customhouse: 
 likewise a scroll of parchment, scaled, and de- 
 livered by the officers of the customhouse to mer- 
 chants, as a warrant that tlieir merchandize is en- 
 tered. Coutll. 
 
 The greatest profit did arise by the cocket of 
 
 hides ; for wool and woolfells were ever of litile 
 
 value in this kingdom. Davies. 
 
 Co'CKFiGHT. n, s. [cock and Jight.] A 
 
 battle or match of cocks. 
 
 In cockfights, to make one cock more hardy, 
 and the other more cowardly. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 At the seasonsof football and roc/c/i"^/(fing^, these 
 little republicks reassume their national hatred to 
 each other. AddisoJi. 
 
 Co'cKHORSE. adj, [cock and horse.] On 
 horseback ; triumphant ; exulting. 
 
 Alma, they strenuously maintain, 
 Sits cockhorse on her ttirone tlie brain. Prio}'. 
 
 COCKLE, n. s, [coquille, Fr.] 
 
 1. A small testaceous fish. 
 
 It is a cockle or a walnut shell. Shakesp. 
 
 We may, I think, from the make of an oyster, 
 or cockle, reasonably conclude, that it has not so 
 many, nor so quick, senses as a man. Locke. 
 
 Three common cockle shells, out of gravel pits. 
 
 vVooduard. 
 
 2. A little or young ccck. Obsolete. 
 
 They bearen the crag so stiff and so state, 
 As cockle on his dunghill crowine crank. 
 
 Spenser's Pastorals. 
 
 Co'cKLE-STAlRS. w. 5. Winding or Spiral 
 
 stairs. Chambers. 
 
 Co'cKLE. w. s. [coccel, Sax. lolium, zi- 
 
 zania, Lat.] A weed that grows in corn, 
 
 the same with cornrose; a species of 
 
 In soothing them, we nourish gainst our senate 
 The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. Shuk. 
 
 Good seed degenerates, and oft obeys 
 The soil's disease, and into cockle strays. Donne. 
 To Co'cKLE. r.a. [(rom cockle.] To con- 
 tract into wrinkles, like the shell of a 
 cockle. 
 Show'rs soon drench the camblet's cockled grain. 
 
 Gov. 
 Co'CKLED. adj. Ifrom cockle.] Shelled; 
 or perhaps cochleate, turbinated. 
 Love's feeling is more soft and sensible 
 Than are the tender horns of cockled snails. Shak. 
 Co'CKLOFT. U.S. [cock and loft.] The 
 room over the garret, in which fowls 
 are supposed to roost ; unless it be 
 rather corrupted from coploft, the cop 
 or top of the house. 
 
 If the lowest floors already burn, 
 Cocktirfti and garrets soon will take their turn. 
 
 Dnjdens Jui-cnal. 
 
 My garrets, or rather my cocklqih indeed, are 
 
 very'indilierently fumished ; but they are rooms 
 
 to lay lumber in. Suift. 
 
 COG 
 
 Co'CKMASTER. U.S. [cock and master.] 
 One that breeds game cocks. 
 
 A cockmasler bought a partridge, and lunied it 
 aniong tlie fighting cocks. L'Kttran^t. 
 
 Co'CKM.^TCH. n.s. [cock axid match.] 
 Cockfight for a prize. 
 
 At the same time that the heads of parlies prc- 
 ser^'c towards one another an outward shew < f 
 good breeding, their tools will not so much a> 
 niiri^le at a ctx:kmatch. Addisott. 
 
 Though quuil-fiehting is what is most taken 
 notice of, they had doubtless cockmatcbet also. 
 
 Arbiitbnot and Punt. 
 
 Co'cKNEY. n. s. [A word of which tlie 
 original is much controverted. The 
 French use an expression, pats de vo- 
 caigne, for a country of dainties .- 
 
 Paris est pour tin riche vn pats de 
 cocaisne. lioileau. 
 
 Of this word they are not able to settle 
 the original. It appears, wliatever was 
 its first ground, to be very ancient, be- 
 ing mentioned in an old Normanno- 
 Saxon poem : 
 
 Far m see by west Spayng, 
 Is a lond yhore cocayng. 
 On which Dr. Hkks has this remark : 
 
 Nunc coqvin, coquine : qua olim 
 apud Gallos, otio, giilae, et ventri dedi- 
 tos, ignavitm, ignavam, desidiosum, di- 
 sidinsam, srgnem, significabant. Hinc 
 urbanos, utpote a rusticis laboribus ad 
 vitam sedentiaram et desidiosam avoca- 
 tos, pagani nosiri olim cokaignes, quo<l 
 nunc scribitur cockneys, vocabaut. Et 
 pocta hie noster in monachos & moniales, 
 ut segne genus hominum qui, desidi<B 
 dediti, ventri indulgebant, & coquina? 
 amatores erant, nialevolentissime inve- 
 hitur ; monasteria & monasticam vitam 
 inde scriptione terras ccckaine<e pai'a- 
 bolice perstringens.] 
 1. A native of London, by way of contempt. 
 
 So tlie cockney did to the eels, when she put 
 them i" ill" pasty alive, 
 
 Shakesp. King Lea' 
 
 For who is such a coclcmy in his heart. 
 Proud of the plenty of the southern part, 
 To scorn that union, by which we may 
 Boast 't» as his countryman that writ this play ? 
 
 Dorset. 
 
 The cockneii, travelling into the country, is sur- 
 prized at maiiy common practices of rural affairs. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 •2. Any effeminate, ignorant, low, mean, 
 despicable citizen. 
 
 I am afraid this great lubber the vrorld will 
 prove a cockney. Sliakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 Co'cKPiT. n.s. [cocA- and pj7.] 
 1 . The area where cocks fight. 
 
 Can this cockpit hold 
 The vasty field of France ? Shakesp. 
 
 And now have I gained the ccchpit of the west- 
 ern world, and academy of arms, lor many vears. 
 HoiieVs Vocal Forrest. 
 
 •2. A place on the lower deck of a man of 
 war, where are subdivisions for the 
 purser, the surgeon, and his mates. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Co'ck's-COMB. n. «. [cock and comb.] .\ 
 plant. 
 
 Co'CK's-HEAD. n. s. A plant, named also 
 sainfoin. Miller. 
 
 Co'cKSHUT. B. *. [from cocfc and iAu^] 
 
 333
 
 COD 
 
 The close of the evening, at which 
 time poultry go to roost. 
 
 Surrey and himself, 
 IVIuch about cockshut time, from troop to troop 
 AV'ent through tlie army. Shakesp. 
 
 Co'cKSPUR. 71. $. [cock and Spur.] Vir- 
 ginian hawthorn. A species of medlar. 
 
 JMiller. 
 
 Co'CKSURE. adv. [from cock and sure.] 
 
 Confidently certain ; without fear or 
 
 diffidence, A word of contempt. 
 
 We steal, as in a castle, cocksure. Shakap. 
 
 I thought myself cocksure oi his horse, which 
 
 he readily promised me. Pope's Letters. 
 
 Co'cKSWAiN. n. J. [co55j-fame, Sax.] 
 The officer who has the command of the 
 cockboat. Corruptly CoxoN. 
 
 Co'CKWEED. 71, s, [from cocA- and w'f£7/.] 
 The name of a plant, called also Dittan- 
 der, or Pepperivoi't, 
 
 Cocoa, n. s. [cacaotal. Span, and tliere- 
 fore more properly written cacao.] 
 
 A species of palm-tree, cultivated in the East 
 and West Indies. The bark of the nut is made 
 into cordaL'e, and tlie shell into drinking bowls, 
 'i'he kernel aiibrds them a wholesome food, and 
 the milk contained in the shell a cooling liquor. 
 The leaves are used for thatching their houses, 
 and are wrought into baskets. Miller. 
 
 The cacao or chocolate nut is a fruit of an ob- 
 long figuie ; is composed of a thin but hard and 
 woody coat or skin, of a dark blackish colour; 
 and of a dry kernel, filling np its whole cavity, 
 fleshy, dry, firm, and faltish to the touch, of a 
 dusky colour, an agreeable smell, and a pleasant 
 and peculiar taste. It was unknown to us till 
 the discovery of America. The tree is of tiie 
 thickness of a man's leg, and but a few feet in 
 height; its bark rough, and full of tubercles ; 
 and its leaves six or eight inches long, half as 
 much in breadth, and ponitcd at the ends. The 
 flowers are succeeded by the fruit, which is large 
 and oblong, resembling a cucumber, five, six, or 
 eight inches in length, and three or four in tliick- 
 ness ; when fully ripe, of a purple colour. With- 
 in the cavity of this fruit are lodged the cocoa nuts 
 usually about thirty in number. Hill's Mat. Med. 
 
 Amid' those orchards of the sun. 
 Give me to drain the cocoa's milky bowl, 
 And from the palm to draw its freshening wine. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Co'CTlLE. adj. [coctUiSy Lat.] Made by 
 
 baking, as a brick. 
 Co'cTiON. «. s, [coctio, Lat.] The act 
 
 of boiling. 
 
 The disease is sometimes attended with expec- 
 toration from the lungs, and that is taken oft by 
 a coction and resolution of the feverish matter, or 
 terrainali's in suppurations or a gangrene. 
 
 Arbuthiwt on Diet. 
 
 COD. \ 71. s. [asellus.] A sea 
 
 Co'dfish. j fish. 
 
 COD. n. s, [cobbe, Sax.] Any case or 
 husk in which seeds are lodged. 
 
 Thy corn thou there maj-'st safely sow, 
 ^Vhere in full cods last year rich pease did grow. 
 
 Maij. 
 They let pease lie in small heaps as they are 
 reaped, till they find thehawm and cod dry. 
 
 Morti7ner's Hiisbandni. 
 
 To Cod. v. 7i. [from the noun.] To in- 
 close in a cod. 
 
 All codded grain being a destroyer of weeds, an 
 improver of land, and a preparer of it for otlier 
 crops. Mortimer. 
 
 Co'dders. w. 5. [from corf.] Gatherers 
 of pease. Diet. 
 
 Code. 7^ $. [codex, Lat.] 
 
 1. A book. 
 
 2. A book of the civil law. 
 
 C O E 
 
 VVe find in the Theodosian and Justinian code 
 the interest of trade very well provided for. 
 
 Arbuthnot an Coins. 
 Indentures, cov'nants, articles tlie3' draw. 
 Large as the fields themselves ; and larger far 
 Than civil codes with all their glosses are. 
 
 Pope's Sat. 
 
 Co'dicil. n.s. [codicillus, Lat.] An ap. 
 pendage to a will. 
 
 The man suspects his lady's crying 
 Was but to gain him to apptiint her, 
 By cotlicii, a larger jointure. Prior 
 
 Codi'lle. ti. s. [codil/e, Fr. codillo, 
 Span.] A term at ombre, when the 
 game is won. 
 
 She sees, and trembles at th' approaching ill ; 
 Justin the jaws of ruin, and cnrfii/f. 
 
 Pile's Pope of the Lock. 
 
 To CO'DLE. V. a. [coquo, cocfulo, Lat. 
 Skinner.] To parboil ; to soften by the 
 heat of water. 
 Co'dling. n. s. [from To codle. ] An 
 apple generally codled, to be mixed 
 with milk. 
 
 In Jul^' Clime giiliflowers of all varieties, early 
 pears and plums in fruit, gennitings and codlings. 
 Bacon's Essays. 
 Their entertainment at the hei^in. 
 In cream and cocf/in^^s rev'Iling with delight. 
 
 Kiiii^'s Cookerij. 
 
 He let it lie all winter in a gravel waJK, south of 
 
 a codling hedge. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 A codling, ere it went his lip in, 
 Would straight become a golden pippin. Suift. 
 Coe'fficacy. 71. s. [con and efficacia, 
 Lat.] The power of several things act- 
 ing together to produce an effect. 
 
 We Cannot in general infer the cihcacy of those 
 stars, or coejfficacy particular in nicdicaUons. 
 
 Broun's Vulg. Prr. 
 
 COEFFi'ciENCY. n. s. [con and ejflcio, 
 Lat.] Co-operation ; the state of acting 
 together to some single end. 
 
 The managing and carrying on ("f this work, 
 by the spirits instrunienta; coelficicucij, requires 
 that they be kept together, without distinction or 
 dissipation. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 CoEFFi'ciENT. n. s. [con and efficiens, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. That which unites its action with the 
 action of another, 
 
 2. [In algebra.] Such numbers, or given 
 quantities,that are put before letters, or 
 unknown quantities, into which letters 
 they are supposed to be multiplied, and 
 so do make a rectangle or product, with 
 the letters ; as, 4 0, b x, c x x ; where 4 
 is the coefficient of 4 a, b of b x, and 
 c o{ c X X. Cliambers. 
 
 3. In fluxions. 
 
 The coefficient of any generating term (in fluxi- 
 ons) is the quantity arising by the division of that 
 term, by the generated quantity. Chambers. 
 
 Coe'liack Passion. [xoiXia the belly.] A 
 diarrhoea, or fltix, that arises from the 
 indigestion or putrefaction of food in 
 the stomach and bo^vels, whereby the 
 aliment comes away little alteretl from 
 what it was when eaten, or changed like 
 corrupted stinking flesh. Qiiincj/. 
 
 Coe'.mption. n.s. [coemptio, Lat.] The 
 act of buying up the whole quantity of 
 any thing. 
 
 IMonopolics and coemption of wai'es fur resale, 
 where they are nut restrained, are great means to 
 enrich. Bacon's Es;;a^s. 
 
 Coe'qual. cdj. [from con and equalis. 
 
 C O E 
 
 Lat.] Equal ; being of the same rank 
 or dignity with another. 
 
 Henry the Fifth did sometime prophesy. 
 If once he came to be a cardinal. 
 He'll make his cap coequal with the crown. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI, 
 Coequa'lity. 71. s. [from cotqual.] The 
 
 state of being equal. 
 To COE'RCE. V. a. [coerceo, Latin.] To 
 restrain ; to keep in order by force. 
 
 Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce 
 this profligate sort. Aylijfe's Parergon. 
 
 Coercible, adj. [from coerce.] 
 
 1. That may be restrained. 
 
 2. That ought to be restrained. 
 Coe'rcion. n. s. [from coerce.] Penal 
 
 restraint ; check. 
 
 The coercion or execution of the sentence in ec- 
 clesiastical courts, is only by excommunication of 
 the person contumacious. Hate's Common Law. 
 
 Government has coercion and animadversion 
 upon such as neglect their duty ; without which 
 coercive power, all government is toothless and 
 precarious. South. 
 
 Coe'rcive. adj. [from coerce. 
 
 1. That which has the power of laying 
 restraint. 
 
 All things on the surface spread, are bound 
 By their coercive vigour to the ground ! Blackmore. 
 
 2. 'I'hat which has the authority of re- 
 straining by punishment. 
 
 For ministers to seek that themselves might 
 have coercire power over the church, would have 
 been hardly construed. Hooker Preface. 
 
 The virtues of a general, or a king, are pru- 
 dence, counsel, active fortitude, coercive power, 
 awful command, and the exercise of magnanimity, 
 as well asjustice. Dri^dai. 
 
 Coesse'ntial. adj. [con and esseiitia, 
 Latin.] Participating of the same es- 
 sence. 
 
 The Lord our God is but one God, in whicli in- 
 divisible unity we adore the Father, as being al- 
 toMther of himself; we glorify that cousubstan- 
 tial Word, which is tlie Son ; we bless and mag- 
 nify that cocsseiitiiil Spirit eternally proceeding 
 from botli, which is the Holy Glinst. Hooker. 
 
 Coessentia'lity. 71. s. [from cccawti- 
 tial.] Participation of the same essence. 
 
 CoETANEOUs. adj. [co?i and tt7as, Lat.] 
 Of the same age with another: with to. 
 
 Eve was old as Adam, and Cain their son cofta- 
 neous vnto both. Broini's Vulgar Errmirs. 
 
 Every fault hath penal etl'ects, coetaneous to the 
 act. Gov. 
 
 Through the body ever^^ member sustains an- 
 other ; anfl ail are coetaneous, because none can 
 subsist alone. Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 Coete'knal. adj. [co7i and fctei-nus, 
 Lat.] Equally eternal with another. 
 Or of the eternal coetemal beam ! 
 
 Miltoyi's Parad. Loit. 
 
 Coete'rnally. adv. [from coetemal.] 
 
 In a state of equal eternity with an- 
 
 otlier. 
 
 Arius had dishonoured his coeternally begotten 
 Son. Hooker. 
 
 Coete'rnity. n. s. [from coetemal.] 
 Having existence from eternity equal 
 with another eternal being. 
 
 The eternity of the Son's generation, and his 
 coeternity and consubstantiality with the Father, 
 when he came down from heaven, and was incar- 
 nate. Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 COE'VAL. adj. [coeevus, Latin.] 
 
 1. Of the same age. 
 
 Even his teeth and white, like a young flock, 
 Coeval, and new-shorn, from the clear brook 
 Recent. ^rior. 
 
 334
 
 C O F 
 
 2. Of the same age with another ; fol- 
 lowed by with. 
 
 This religion cannot pretend to be coeval with 
 man. Wu/e. 
 
 The monthly rerolutions of the moon, or the 
 diurnal of the earth upon its own axis, by the 
 very hypothesis, are coeval uith the furmer. Hentl. 
 
 bilonce, coeval wUh eternity ! 
 Thou wert, ere nature first began to be ; 
 'IVas one vast nolliijig all, and all slept fast in 
 tiiee ! fope. 
 
 3. Sometimes by to. 
 
 Although we had no monuments of religion an- 
 cienter than idolatry, we have no reason to con- 
 clude tliat idolatrous religion was coeval to man- 
 kind. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 Coe'val. n. s. [from the adjective.] A 
 contemporary ; but properly one not 
 only living at the same time, but of the 
 same time of life. 
 
 As it were not enough to have outdone all your 
 coevals in wit, you will excel them in good-nature. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Coe'vous. adj. [cocBvus, Lat.] One of 
 the same age. 
 
 Then it should not have been the first, as sup- 
 posing some other thing coevous to it. South. 
 
 To CoEXi'sT. 1). 11. [con and txisto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To exist at the same time. 
 
 The three stars that coerist in heavenly constel- 
 lations, are a multitude of stars. 
 
 Hale's Orig. of Mank. 
 
 Of substances no one has any clear idea, far- 
 ther than of certain simple ideas coeiisting toge- 
 ther. Locke. 
 
 2. Followed by tvith. 
 
 It is sufficient iimt we have the idea of the 
 length of any regular periodical appearances, 
 which we can iu our minds apply to duration, with 
 which the motioir or appearance never coexisted. 
 
 Locke. 
 CoEXi'sTENCE. n. s. [from coexist.] 
 
 1. Having existence at the saiBe time \vith 
 another : with to. 
 
 Locke, who in the preceding lines has 
 coexisted with, has here coexistence to 
 
 Tlie measuring of any duration, by some mo- 
 tion, depends not on' the real coeiistence of titat 
 tlnng to that motion, or any other periods of re- 
 volution. Locke. 
 
 2. More commonly followed by with. 
 
 We can demonstrate the being of God's eternal 
 ideas, aud their coeiu(t'Nce u-it/i Tiim. Crew's Cos. 
 CoEXi'STENT. adj. [from coexist.] 
 
 1. Having existence at the same time witli 
 another : with to. 
 
 To the measuring the duration of any thing by 
 time, it is not requisite that that thing should be 
 coexistent to the motion we measure by, or any 
 other periodical revolution. Locke. 
 
 2, Sometimes ivith. 
 
 This proves no antecedent necessity, but co- 
 existent ivith the act. Bramhall's .insicer to Hobbes. 
 
 Time >s taken for so much of duration as is co- 
 ei'istent with the motions of the great bodies of the 
 universe. Locke. 
 
 All that one point is either future or past, and no 
 
 parts are coexistent or coteinporary with it. Bentlcy. 
 
 To COEXTEND. V. a. [con and extendo, 
 
 Lat.] To extend to the same space or 
 
 duration with another. 
 
 Every motion is, in some sort, coextended with 
 
 the body moved. Grew's Cosmohgia. 
 
 Coexte'nsion. 71. s. [from coextend.] 
 
 The act or state of extending to the 
 
 same space or duration with another. 
 
 Though it be a spirit, I find it is no inconveni- 
 ence to have some analogy, at least of coextension, 
 with my body. ifa(e. 
 
 CO'FFEE. n. s. [It is originally Arabick, 
 pronotmced caheii by the Turks, and 
 
 C F 
 
 cahuah by the Arabs.] The tree is a 
 species of Arabick jessamine. 
 
 It is found to succeed as well in the Caribbee 
 islands as in its native place of growth ; but whe- 
 ther the cii^ec produced in the West Indies will 
 prove as good as that from Mocha in Arabia Felix, 
 time will discover. Miller. 
 
 CorrKii denotes a drink prepared from the ber- 
 ries, very familiar in Europe for these eighty 
 years, and among the Turks for one hundred and 
 iifty. Thevenot, the traveller, was the first who 
 brought it into France ; and a Greek servant, call- 
 ed Pasnua, bniught into England by Mr. Daniel 
 Edwards, a Turkey merchant, in 1652, to make 
 his cofjev, first set up the profession of cotieeman, 
 and introduced the drink among us. Chambers. 
 
 They have in Turkey a drink ciilled cojf'ee, made 
 of a berry of the same natne, as black as soot, and 
 of n strong scent, but not aromatical ; which they 
 take, beaten into powder, in water, as hot as 
 they can drink it. This drink coinforteth the 
 brain and heart, and helpeth digestion. Bacon. 
 
 To part her lime 'twixt reading and bohea. 
 Or o'er cold cojjct trifle with the spoon. Fope. 
 
 Co'ffeehouse. h. s. [coffee and house.] 
 A house of entertainment where coffee 
 is sold, and the guests are supplied with 
 news-papers. 
 
 At ten, from cofechoase or play 
 
 Returning, finishes the day. Prior. 
 
 It is a point they do not concern themselves 
 about, farther tlian perhaps as a subject in a 
 coffeehouse. Swift. 
 
 Co'ffeeman. n. s. [coffee and man.] 
 One that keeps a coffee-house. 
 
 Consider your enemies the Lacedemonians ; 
 did ever you hear that they preferred a coffeeinan 
 to Agesilaus ? Addison. 
 
 Co'ffeepot. n. s. [coffee and pot.] The 
 
 covered pot in which coffee is boiled. 
 CO'FFER. 71. s. [coppe, Saxon ] 
 
 1. A chest generally for keeping money. 
 Two iron coffers hung on either side, 
 
 ^^'ith precious metal full as they could hold. 
 
 Fairy Qtteen. 
 The lining of his coffers shall make coats 
 To deck our soldiers for these Irish wars. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 If you destroy your governour that is wealthy, 
 
 you must chuse aiiother, who will fill his coffers 
 
 out of what is left. L'Estraiige. 
 
 2. Treasure. 
 
 He would discharge it without any burthen to 
 the queen's coders, for honour sake. 
 
 Bacon's Advice to VilUers. 
 
 3. [In architecture.] A square depressure 
 in each interval between the modillions 
 of the Corinthian cornice, usually filled 
 with some enrichment. Chambers. 
 
 4. [In fortification.] A hollow lodgment 
 across a dry moat, from six to seven foot 
 deep, and from sixteen to eighteen 
 broad ; the upper part being made of 
 pieces of timber, raised two foot above 
 the level of the moat ; which little eleva- 
 tion has hurdles laden with earth for its 
 covering, and serves as a parapet with 
 embrasures. Chambers. 
 
 To Co'ffer. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 treasure up in chests. 
 
 Treasure, as a war might draw forth, so a peace 
 succeeding might coffer up. Bacon's Henry \ II. 
 
 Cofferer of the King's Household. 
 n. s. A principal officer of his majesty's 
 court, next under the comptroller, that 
 in the compting-house and elsewhere, 
 hath a special oversight of other officers 
 of the household, for their good de- 
 meanour in their offices. Coivcll, 
 
 COG 
 
 COFFIN, n.s. [cojin, French.] 
 
 1. The box or chest in which dead bodies 
 are put into the ground. It is used both 
 of wood and other matter. 
 
 He went as if he had been the coffin that carried 
 himself to his sepulchre. Sidney. 
 
 Jiot a flower sweet 
 On my black cnffin let there be strown. 
 
 Sliakesp. Tatljih Night. 
 One fate they have. 
 The ship their cofhn, and the sea their grave. Wall. 
 The joiner is iitting screws to your coffin. Swijt. 
 
 2. A mould of paste for a pye. 
 Of the paste a coffin will I rear. 
 
 And make two pasties of jour shaaieful heads. 
 
 Shakisp. 
 
 3. A paper case, in form of a cone, used 
 
 by grocers. 
 
 4. In farriery. 
 
 Coffin of a horse, is the whole hoof of the foot 
 aboC'e the coronet, iticluding the coffin bone._ The 
 coffin bone is a small spongy bone, niclosed in the 
 niidst of the hoof, and possessing the whole form 
 of the foot. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 To Coffin, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 inclose in a coffin. 
 W.uld'st thou have laugh'd had I come coffin d 
 home, 
 That weep'st to see me triumph ? Shak. Cariotanus. 
 
 Let me lie 
 In prison, and here he coffin d when I die. Donne. 
 Co'ffinmakeR. 77. s. [cojffin and »7iaA-fr.] 
 One whose trade is to make coffins. 
 Where will be your Sexton;,, cofflnmakers, and 
 
 plun 
 
 Tatter. 
 To COG. I', a. [.\ word of uncertaui ori- 
 ginal, derived by Skinner from coque- 
 lincr, French.] 
 
 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to sooth by 
 adulatory speeches. 
 
 I'll mountebank their loves, 
 Coc their hearts from them, aud come home belov'd 
 of all the trades in Rome. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. To cog a die. To secure it so as to 
 direct Its fall ; to falsify. 
 
 But then mv study was to cog the dice. 
 And dext'rously to throw the lucky sice. 
 
 Dryden's Per. Softrcs. 
 
 For guineas in other men's breeches, 
 ■V'our gamesters will palm and n ill cog. Swift. 
 
 Ye eallants of Newgate, w hose fingers are met 
 In diving in pockets, or cogging of dice. Swift. 
 
 3. To obtrude by falsehood. 
 
 The outcry is, that I abuse his demonstration 
 by afalsifica"iion, by cogging iu the word. 
 •^ J <= o fjii^^f^^^ Preface. 
 
 I liave cogged in the word to serve my turn. 
 
 ''° Stdlingjleet. 
 
 Fustian tragedies, or insipid comedies, have by 
 concerted applauses, been cogged upon the town 
 for masterpieces. Vennts. 
 
 To Cog. r. ii. To lye; to wheedle. 
 
 Now stealeth he, now will he crave ; 
 And now w ill he cosen and cog. 'iS"'' 
 
 .Airs. Ford, I cainiot co;; ; I caimot prate, Mrs. 
 Ford : now shall 1 sin in mv wish. 
 
 Shakesp. Merrv Wires of 11 mdsor. 
 
 COG. 71. s. The tooth "of a wheel, by 
 which it acts upon another wheel. 
 
 To Cog. v. a. [from the noun.] To fix 
 cogs in a wheel. 
 
 Cogency, n.s. [from ro^tn^j Force; 
 strength; power of compelling; con- 
 viction. 
 
 Maxims and axioms, principles of science, be- 
 cause thev are self evident, have been supposed 
 innate ; aflhough nobody ever shewed the founda- 
 tion of their clearness and cogencu. Locw. 
 
 COGENT, adj. [cogens, Lat,] Forcible; 
 resistless ; convincing ; poAverlul ; hav- 
 ing the power to compel conviction. 
 
 33o
 
 COG 
 
 Such is the cogent force of naliirc. Frifrr. 
 
 They have contrived methods of deceit, orie 
 repugnant to another, to evade, if possible, this 
 most co^oit proof of a Deity. Benthii. 
 
 Co'gently. adv. [from cogent.] With 
 resistless force ; forcibly ; so as to force 
 
 conviction. 
 
 They forbid us to hearken to those proofs, as 
 weak or fallacious, which our own existence, and 
 the sensible parts of the universe, offer so clearly 
 and cogently to our thoughts. Locke. 
 
 Co'gger. 7i. s. [from To cog.] A flat- 
 terer ; a wheedler. 
 
 Co'gglestone. m. s. [cuogolo, Ital.] A 
 little stone; a small pebble. Skinner. 
 
 Co'gitable. adj. [from cogito, Lat.] 
 That which may be thought on ; what 
 may be the subject of thought. 
 
 To COGITATE, v. n. [cogiio, Lat.] 
 To think. Diet. 
 
 Cogita'tion. n. s.' [cogitatio, Lat] 
 
 1. Thought; the act of 'thinking. 
 Having tlieir coeitations darkened, and being 
 
 strangers from the life of God, from the ignorance 
 which is in them. Hooker. 
 
 A picture puts me in mind of a friend : the in- 
 tention of the mind, in seeing, is carried to the 
 object represented ; which is no more than simple 
 cogitation, or apprehension of the person. Stilling fi. 
 
 This Descartes proves that brutes have no cogi- 
 tation, because they could never be brought to 
 signify their thoughts by any artificial signs. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 These powers of cogitation, aiid volition, and 
 sensation, are neither uiherent in matter as such, 
 nor acquirable to matter by any motion and modi- 
 fication of it. Bentlcy. 
 
 2. Purpose; reflection previous to action. 
 The king, perceiving that his desires w'ere in- 
 temperate, and his cogitations vast and irregular, 
 began not to brook hira well. Bacon's Henri/ \ II. 
 
 3. Meditation ; contemplation ; mental 
 speculation. 
 
 On some great charge empiu3''d 
 He seem'd, or fixt in cogitation deep. 
 
 Milton s Parad. Lost. 
 
 Cogitative, adj. [(rom cogito, Lat.] 
 1 , Having tlie power of tliought and re- 
 flection. 
 
 If these powers of cogilaliuu and sensation are 
 neither inherent in matter, nor acquirable- to mat- 
 ter they proceed from some cogitative substance, 
 which we call spirit and soul. Bentley. 
 
 •2. Given to thought and deep meditation. 
 
 The earl liad the closer and more reserved coun- 
 tenance, being by nature more cogitative. Tfotttm. 
 
 Cogna'tion. n. s. [cognatio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Kindred ; descent from the same ori- 
 ginal. 
 
 Two vices I shall mention, as being of near 
 cognation to ingratitude ; pride, and hard-hearted- 
 liess, or want of compassion. South. 
 
 Let the criticks tell me what certain sense they 
 could put upon either of these four words, by their 
 mere cog/iation with each other, iratls on the Mind. 
 
 2. Relation ; participation of the same 
 nature. 
 
 He induceth us to ascribe effects unto causes of 
 no cognation. Broim's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Cognisee'. n.s. [Inlaw.] He to whom 
 a fine in lands or tenements is acknow- 
 ledged. Cowell. 
 
 Co'gnisour. n.s. [Inlaw.] Is he that 
 passeth or acknowledgeth a fine in lands 
 or tenements to another. Cowell. 
 
 COGNITION, n. s. [cognitio, Lat.] 
 Knowledge ; complete conviction. 
 
 C O H 
 
 1 will not be myself, nor have cognitimi 
 Of what I feel : I am all patience. 
 
 Shahesp. Troilus and Creaida. 
 
 God, as he created all things, so is he beyond 
 and in them all ; not only in power, aj under his 
 subjection ; or in his presence, as in his cognition •, 
 but in their very essence, as in the soul of their 
 causalities. Bromi's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Co'gnitive. adj. [from cogntttis, La.t.] 
 Having the power of knowing. 
 
 Unless the understanding employ and exercise 
 its cognitive or apprehensive power about these 
 terms, there can be no actual apprelicnsion of 
 them. South's Sermons. 
 
 Co'gnizable. adj. [cognoisable, Fr.] 
 
 1. That falls under judicial notice. 
 
 2. Liable to be tried, judged, or exa- 
 mined. 
 
 Some are merely of ecclesiastical cognizance ; 
 others of a mixed nature, such as are cognizable 
 both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts. 
 
 Aylife's Parergon. 
 
 Co'gnizance. n. s. [coniioisavce, Fr.] 
 1. Judicial notice; trial; judicial autho- 
 rity. 
 
 It is worth the while, however, to consider how 
 we may discountenance and prevent those evils 
 which the law can take no cognizance of. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 Happiness or misery, in converse with others, 
 
 depends upon things which human laws can take 
 
 no cognizance oi. 
 
 South. 
 
 The moral crime is completed, there are only 
 
 circumstances w anting to work it up for the cog- 
 
 nizance of the law. _ Addison 
 
 2, A badge, by which any one is known. 
 
 And at the king's going away the earl's servants 
 stood, in a seemly manner, in their livery coats, 
 with cognizances, ranged on both sides, and made 
 tlie king a bow. Bacon's Henry VH. 
 
 These were the proper cognizances and coat- 
 arms of the tribes. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 COGNO'iMINAL. adj. cognomen, Lat.] 
 Having the same name. 
 
 Nor do those animals more resemble the crea- 
 tures on earth, than they on earth the constella- 
 tions, which pass under animal names in heaven ; 
 nor the doa-fish at sea much more make out the 
 do2 of theTaud, than his cognominul or namesake 
 in the heavens. Brotm's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Cognomina'tion. n. s. [cognomen, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. A surname ; the name of a family. 
 
 2. A name added from any accident or 
 
 quality. 
 
 Pompey deserved the name Great : Alexander, 
 of the same cognomination, was generalissimo of 
 Greece. Broivn. 
 
 COGNO'SCENCE. n. s. [cognosco, Lat.] 
 Knowledge ; the state or act of know- 
 ing. Diet. 
 
 CoGNo'sciBLE. adj. [cognosco, Lat.] 
 That may be known ; being the object 
 of knowledge. 
 
 The same that is said for the redundance of 
 matters intelligible and cognoscible in things natu- 
 ral, may be applied to thinns artificial. 
 
 Hale's Orig. of Maiikind. 
 
 To COHA'BIT. J', a. [cokabito, Lat.] 
 
 1. To dwell with another in the same 
 
 place. 
 
 The Philistines were worsted by the captivated 
 ark, wliich foraged their country more tlian a con- 
 quering army : they were not able to cohabit with 
 that holy thmg. South. 
 
 2. To live together as husband and wife. 
 He knew her not to be his own wife, and yet 
 
 had a design to cchnbit with her as such. 
 
 Fiddes's Sermons. 
 
 Coha'bitant. n. s. [from cohabit.] An 
 inhabitant of the same place. 
 
 C O H 
 
 The oppressed Indians protest against that hea- 
 ven where the Spaniards are to be their cohabit- 
 ants. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Cohabita'tion. n. s. [from cohabit.] 
 
 1. The act or state of inhabiting the same 
 place with another. 
 
 2. The state of living together as mar- 
 ried persons. 
 
 Which defect, though it could not evacuate a 
 marriage after cohabitation, and actual consum- 
 mation, yet it was not enougli to make void a 
 contract. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Monsieur Brumars, at one hundred and two 
 years, died for love of his wife, who was ninety- 
 two at her death, after seventy years cohabitation. 
 
 Tatler. 
 
 Cohe'ir. n. s. [coheeres, Lat.] One of 
 several among whom an inheritance is 
 divided. 
 
 Blarricd persons, and widows, and virgins, are 
 all coheirs in the inheritance of Jesus, if tney live 
 witliin the laws of their estate. Taylor's Holy Liv. 
 
 Cohe'iress. n. s. [from coheir.] A wo- 
 man who has an equal share of an in- 
 heritance with other women. 
 
 To COHERE. V. n. [coluereo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To stick together ; to hold fast one to 
 another, as parts of the same mass. 
 
 Two pieces of marble, having their surface ex- 
 actly plain, polite, and applied to each other in 
 such a manner as to intercept the air, do cohere 
 firmly together as one. Woodiiard. 
 
 We find that the force, whereby bodies cn/iere, 
 is very much greater when they come to imme- 
 diate contact, than when they are at ever so small 
 a finite distance. Cheyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 None want a place'; for all their centre found. 
 Hung to the goddess, and cohcr'd around ; 
 Not closer, orb in orb conglob'd, are seen 
 The buzzing bees about their duskv queen. 
 
 Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 2. To be well connected ; to follow re- 
 gularly in the order of discourse. 
 
 3. To suit ; to fit ; to be fitted to. 
 
 Had time coher'd with place, or place with 
 wishing. Shaketp. 
 
 4. To agree. 
 
 Cohe'rence. \ n. s. [coharentia, 
 Cohe'rency. j Lat.] 
 
 1. That state of bodies in wliich their 
 parts are joined together, from what 
 cause soever it proceeds, so that they 
 resist divulsion and separation ; nor can 
 be separated by the same force by which 
 they might be simply moved, or, being 
 only laid upon one another, might be 
 parted again. Quincy. 
 
 The pressure of the air will m^t explain, nor 
 can be a cause of, the coherence of the particles 
 of air themselves. Locke. 
 
 Matter is either fluid or solid ; words that may 
 comprehend the middle degrees between extreme 
 fixedness and co/ierenc;;, and the most rapid intes- 
 tine motion. Bentley. 
 
 2. Connection ; dependency ; the relation 
 of parts or things one to another. 
 
 It shall be no trouble to find each controversy's 
 resting-place, and the co/icrenceithath with things, 
 either on which it dependeth, or which depend on 
 i[_ Hooker, Preface. 
 
 Why between sermons and faith should there 
 be ordinarily that coherence, which causes have 
 with their us'ual effects ? Hooker. 
 
 3. The texture of a discourse, by which 
 one part follows another regularly and 
 naturally. 
 
 4. Consistency in reasoning, or relating, 
 so that one part of the discourse does 
 not destroy or contradict the rest. 
 
 33S
 
 C O H 
 
 Coherence of discourse, and a dirccl tendency of 
 all the parts of it to the arpuincnt in hand, arc 
 most eminently to be fdund ni him. 
 
 'Locke's Preface to St. Paul's Epistles. 
 
 Cohe'rent. ut/j. [cuharcns, Lat.] 
 
 1. Sticking together ; so as to resist sepa- 
 ration. 
 
 By coagulating and diluting, that is, making 
 their parts more or las coherent. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 Where all must full, or not coherent be ; 
 And all that rists, rise in due degree. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Man. 
 
 2. Connected ; united. 
 
 The mind proceeds from the knowledge it 
 
 stands possessed of already, to that whicli lies 
 
 next, and is coherent to it, and soon to what ii 
 
 aims at. Locke. 
 
 S. Suitable to something else ; regularly 
 
 adapted. 
 
 Instruct my daughter, 
 Tliat time and place, with this deceit so lawful, 
 Blay prove coherent. 
 
 Shakesp. All's well that ends well. 
 4. Consistent ; not contradictory to itself. 
 A coherent thinker, and a strict reasoner, is not 
 to be made at once by a set of rules. 
 
 Watts's Logick. 
 
 Cohe'sion. n. s. [from cohere.] 
 
 1. The act of sticking together. 
 
 Hard particles heaped tonether touch in a few 
 points, and must be separable by a less force than 
 breaks a solid particle, whose parts touch in all 
 the space between them, wiihnut any pores or in- 
 terstices to weaken tlieir cohesion. Neuton's Opt. 
 
 Solids and fluids difi'er in the degree of co/ifsit>n, 
 
 which, beuig hicreased, turns a fluid into a solid. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. The state of union or inseparability. 
 AVhat cause of their cohesion can 3'ou find ? 
 
 What props support, what chains the fabrick 
 bind ? Blackmore. 
 
 3. Connection; dependence. 
 
 In their tender j'cars, ideas that have no natu- 
 ral cohesion come to be united in their heads. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Cohe'sive. adv. [from cohere.] That 
 has the power of sticking to another, 
 and of resisting separation. 
 
 CoHESlVENESS. 71. s. [from cohesive.] 
 The quality of being cohesive ; tlie qua- 
 lity of resisting separation. 
 
 To Cohi'bit. I', a. [cohibeo, Lat.] To 
 restrain ; to hinder. Did. 
 
 To COHOB.\TE. v. a. To pour the dis- 
 tilled liquor upon the remaining matter, 
 and distil it again. 
 
 The juices of an animal body are, as it were, 
 cohohated, he'mg e.xcreted, and aarnitted again into 
 the blood with the fresh aliment. Arbuth. on Alim. 
 
 Cohoba'tion. n.s. [from cohobatc] A 
 returning any distilled liquor again up- 
 on what it was drawn from, or upon 
 fresh ingredients of the same kind, to 
 have it the more impregnated with their 
 virtues. Quincy. 
 
 Cohohalion is the pouring the liquor distilled 
 from any thing back upon the remaining matter, 
 and distilling it again. Locke. 
 
 This oil, dulcified by cohobat'ion with an aroma- 
 tized spirit, is of use to restore tbe digestive fa- 
 culty. Grew's Mnsieum. 
 
 Cohort, n.s. [coAors, Latin.] 
 
 1. A troop of soldiers in the Roman ar- 
 mies, containing about five hundred foot. 
 
 The Romans levied as many cohoi-ts, companies, 
 and ensigns, from hence, as from any of their pro- 
 vinces. CamJcn. 
 
 2. [In poetical language.] A body of 
 warriours. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 C O I 
 
 Th' arch-ang'Iic pow'r prepar'd 
 For swift descent; with iiim the cohort brif^ht 
 Of watcliful cherubim. MUum's Par. Lo t. 
 
 Here Churchill, not so prompt 
 To vaunt as fii;ht, his hardy cohorts \oi\\ A 
 With Eugene. Philip's Jil^nheim 
 
 Cohorta'tion. n. s. [cohortatio, Lat.] 
 Encouragement bywords; incitement. 
 
 Diet 
 COIF. n. J. [coiffe, Fr. from cofea, fur 
 cuct/fa, low Lat.] The hcad-tlrcss ; a la- 
 dy's cap ; the Serjeant's cap. 
 
 The judges of tlie four circuits in Wales, al 
 tliough they are nut of the first magnitude, nor 
 need ^e of the degree of the coif, yet are they con- 
 siderable. Bacon s Advice to Viliiers. 
 
 No less a man than a brother of the co// began 
 his suit, before he had been a twelvemonth at the 
 Temple. Addison, Spectator. 
 
 Instead of home-spun coifs were seen 
 Good pinners tdg'd with colheriine. Swift. 
 
 Co'iFED. adj. [from coif.] Wearing a coif, 
 Co'iFFURE. 71. s. [coeffure,Tr.] Head- 
 dress. 
 
 1 am pleased with the coitTure now in fashion, 
 and think it shews the good sense of the valuable 
 part of the sex. Addison. 
 
 CoiGNE n s. [An Irish term, as it seems.] 
 
 Fitz Thomas of Desmond began that extortion 
 of coigne and livery, and pay ; that is, he and his 
 array took horse meat and man's meat, and nio- 
 ncv, at pleasure. Davieson Ireland. 
 
 COIGNE. n. s. [French ] 
 L A corner. 
 
 No jutting frieze, 
 Buttress, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird 
 Hath made Ins pendant bed. Shahesp. Macbeth. 
 See you yona' coin o' th' capilol, yond' corner 
 stone ? Shakes]). 
 
 2. A wooden wedge used by printers. 
 To COIL, V. a. [cueillh'jFr.] To gather 
 
 into a narrow compass ; as, to coil a 
 
 rope, to wind it in a ring. 
 
 The lurking particles of air, so expanding them- 
 selves, must necessarily plump out the sides of 
 the Madder, and so keep them turgid, until the 
 pressure of the air, that at first coi/frf them, be re- 
 admitted to do the same thing again. Boytc 
 
 Coil. n.s. [kolleren, Gevm.] 
 
 1. Tumult; turmoil; bustle; stir; hurry; 
 confusion. 
 
 Who was so firm, so constant, that this coil 
 Would not infect his reason. Shakcsp. Tern-pest. 
 
 You, mistress, all this coil is 'long of j'ou. Shah. 
 
 In that sleep of death, what dreams may come. 
 When we have shuffled oti" this mortal coil, 
 Must give us pause. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. A rope wound into a ring. 
 
 Coin. 71, s, [coig7ie, Fr.] A corner; any 
 thing standing out angidarly ; a square 
 brick cut diagonally: called ofienquoifi^ 
 or qui fie. 
 
 COIN. 71. s. [by some imagined to come 
 from cuneus a wedge, because metal is 
 cut in wedges to be coined.] 
 
 1 . Money stamped with a legal impres- 
 sion . 
 
 He gave Daraetas a good sum of gold in ready 
 coin, -which Mcnalcas had bequeathed. Sidney. 
 
 You have made 
 Your holy hat be stamp'd on the king's coin. _ 
 
 Shakesp. HennjVlll. 
 
 1 cannot tell how the poets will succeed in the 
 
 explication of coins, to wliich tliey are generally 
 
 very great strangers. Addison. 
 
 She now contracts her vast design, 
 And all her triumphs shrink into acoiH. Pope. 
 
 2. Payment of any kind. 
 
 The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood, 
 is repaid in a nobler coin.Iiammond's fundamentals. 
 
 CGI 
 
 To Coin. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To mint or stamp metals for money. 
 'I'hey cannot touch me for coining : I ara the 
 
 kiiig. Hhahttp. 
 
 'fney never put Id practice a thing so necessary 
 as coined money is. Peacham of Antiquities. 
 
 Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter-dav, 
 but must gather it ))y ileerees. i^octle. 
 
 Can vve be sure that this medal was really coined 
 by an artificer, or is but a product of the soil from 
 wiience it was taken ? I'entley. 
 
 2. To make or invent. 
 
 M3' lungs 
 Coin words till their decay, against those m asles 
 Which we disdain should tetter us, 
 
 Shaketp. CorioUmut. 
 
 3. To make or forge any thing, in an i 1 
 
 sense. 
 
 Never coin a formal lye on't. 
 To make the kuight o'ercome the giant. 
 
 Hudibras. 
 Those motives induc'd Virgil lo coin his fable. 
 
 Drxfden. 
 Some tale, some new pretence, he daily coin'd. 
 To sooth his sister, and delude her mind. 
 
 Dryden's Vi'gi', 
 A term is coined to make the conveyance easy. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 Co'iNAGE. n. s. [from coin.] 
 
 1. The art or practice of coining money. 
 The care of the coinage was committed to the 
 
 inferiour niaaistrates ; and I don't find tiiai they 
 had a publick trial, as we solemnly practise in 
 this country. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Coin; money; stamped and legiti- 
 mated metal. 
 
 This is conceived to be a roimi« of some Jews, 
 in derision of Christians, who first began that 
 portrait. Brown. 
 
 Moot was forced to leave otT coining, by the 
 great crowds of people continually oifcring to re- 
 turn his coinage upon him. Stri^. 
 
 3. The charges of coining money. 
 
 4. New production ; invention. 
 Unnecessary coinage, as well as unnecessary re- 
 vival of words, runs into affectation ; a fault to be 
 avoided on either hand. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal, Dedication. 
 
 5. Forgery; invention. 
 
 This is the very coinage of your brain ; 
 This bodiless creation ecstacy 
 Is very cunning in. Shakesp. Hamlet, 
 
 To COINCIDE, v.n. [coincido, Lat] 
 i . To fall upon the same point ; to meet 
 in the same point. 
 
 If the equator ana ecliptick had coinc'tded, it 
 would have rendered the annual revolution of the 
 earth useless. Cheyne. 
 
 2. To concur; to be consistent with. 
 
 The rules of right judgment, and of good ratio- 
 cination, often coincide with each other. 
 
 ITtitts's Logick, 
 
 Coincidence, n.s. [from coinage.] 
 1. The state of several bodies, or lines, 
 falling upon the same point. 
 
 An universal equilibrium, arising from the cotn- 
 cidence of infinite centres, can never be naturally 
 acquired. Bcnttey. 
 
 •2, ConcuiTcnce ; consistency ; tendency 
 of many things to the same end ; occur- 
 rence of many tilings at the same time. 
 
 The very concurrence and coincidence of so ma- 
 ny evidences that contribute lo the proof, carriej 
 a gi*at weight. Hale. 
 
 3. It is followed by icilh. 
 
 The coiiici<(<-ncf of the planes of this rotation 
 with one another, and with the plane of the eclip- 
 tick, is very near tlie truth. 
 
 Clieyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 Xx 
 
 337
 
 COL 
 
 Coi'NCIDENT. adj. [from coincide] 
 
 1. Falling upon the same point. 
 
 These circles I viewed tliroiij^li a prism ; and, 
 as I went from them, Ihey came nearer and nearer 
 together, and at leiigtii b'ecame onncklcnt. 
 
 Keutons Optidis. 
 
 2. Concurrent; consistent; equivalent: 
 followed by ivif/i. 
 
 Christianity teacheth nothing but what is per- 
 fectljr suitable to and coiticident u'ith tlie ruling 
 l)riiiciple5 of a virtuous and well-inclined man. 
 
 •ri J c Smith. 
 
 1 iiess words of our apostle are exactly cn'mcklent 
 mth that con'.roverted passage in liis discourse to 
 the Athenians. HetUleu. 
 
 CoiNDiCATiON. n.s. \from con anA indi- 
 co, Lat.] Many symptoms betokening 
 the same cause. 
 
 Co'iNER. n. s. [from coin.] 
 
 1 . A maker of money ; a minter ; a stam- 
 per of coin. 
 
 My father was I know not wliere 
 When I was stampt: some comer with his tools 
 Wade me a counterfeit. Shakesp. Ci^mbclmc. 
 
 It is easy to find desipns that never entered into 
 tite thoughts of tlie sculptor or the coiner. 
 
 Addison on Medak. 
 1 here are only two patents referred to, both less 
 advantageous to the coiner than this of Wooil. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. A counterfeiter of the king's stamp ; a 
 maker oi base money. 
 
 3. An inventor. 
 
 Di(in;;;sius, a Greek coiner of etymologies, is 
 commended by Athenajus. Cumdetis Remoins. 
 
 To Co.io'iN. v.n. [conjungo, Lat.] To 
 join with another in the same office. 
 
 Tliou may'st cojoin with something, and thou 
 dost. 
 And that beyond commission. 
 , Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 CoiSTRlL. n.s. A coward; a runaway : 
 corrupted from kestrel, a mean or de- 
 generate hawk. 
 
 He's a coward and acostri;, that will not drink 
 
 to my niece. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 CoiT.n.s.[ kote adie, Dutch.] A thino- 
 
 thrown at a certain mark. See Quoi"^ 
 
 The lime they wear out at coils, kayles, or the 
 
 hkc idle e.\ercises. Carew's Survey of Cornwall 
 
 Coi'tion. w. s. [coitio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Copulation; the act of generation. 
 
 _ I cannot but admire that philosophers should 
 imagme frogs to fall from the clouds, considering 
 how openly they act their coition, produce spawn' 
 tadpoles, and frogs. Ruyon the Creation' 
 
 He IS not made productive of his kind, but by 
 couion with a female. Crew's Cosmologil 
 
 2. The act by which two bodies come to- 
 gether. 
 
 By Gilbertus this motion is termed coition, not 
 made by any faculty attractive of one, but a syn- 
 drome and concourse of each. Brown's Vulg. f.i-r. 
 Coke. n. s. [Perhaps from cotjtio, Skin- 
 ner.] Fewel made by burning pit-coal 
 under earth, and quenching the cinders ; 
 as charcoal is made with wood. It is 
 frequently used in drying malt. 
 Co'lander. n.s. [co/o to strain, Lat.] 
 A sieve either of hair, twigs, or metal, 
 through which a mixture to be separat- 
 ed IS poured, and which retains the 
 thicker parts ; a strainer. 
 
 Take a thick woven osier colander. 
 
 Through which the pressed wines are strained 
 
 clear. nr 
 
 All the viscera of the body are but as so many 
 
 colanders to separate several juices from the blood. 
 
 Ray on the Creatum. 
 
 COL 
 
 The brains from nose and mouth, and either ear, 
 Came issuing forth, as through a colander 
 The curdled milk. " ]}^^„ 
 
 Cola tion. n.s. [from colo, Lat.] The art 
 
 of filtering or straining. 
 Co'lature. 71. s. [from co/o, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of straining; filtration. 
 
 2. The matter strained. 
 Co'LBERTiNE. n.s. A kind of lace wom 
 
 by women. 
 
 Go, hangout an old frisoneer gorget, with a 
 yard of yellow colbcrtinc again. 
 
 „. .^, (-'ongrere's Way of tlie World. 
 
 Uilt rence rose between 
 Mechlin, the queen of lace, and Colliertine. Youn-' 
 
 COLCOTHAR. n. s. A term in chymistry 
 
 folanhar is the dry substance which remains 
 alter distillation, hut commonly the caput mor- 
 tuum of vitriol. _ ' Qnincy. 
 
 Lolcolhar, or vitriol burnt, though unto a red- 
 ness, containing the li.ved salt, will make good 
 ink. n^ 
 
 COLD, [colo, Saxon; kalt, German.]""' 
 
 1. Not hot; not warm; gelid; wanting 
 warmth ; being without heat. 
 
 The diet in the state of manhood ought to be 
 solid ; and their chief drink water cold, because 
 in such a state it lias its own natural spirit. 
 
 Arhathnot on Aliments. 
 n ,1 ■.., ,.. ^^ aggregated soil 
 
 JJeath, with his mace petrifick, cold, and dry 
 As wiiha trident smote. Axiifm. 
 
 2. Causing sense of cold. 
 
 Bids us seek 
 Some better shroud, some better warmth, to cherish 
 Our hmbs benunib'd, ere this diurnal star 
 Leave cold the night, how we his gather'd beams 
 ^ Ketlected, may with matter sere foment. Mi7(f)ji. 
 
 3. Chill ; shivering ; having sense of cold. 
 
 ■i,r- , ,0'ioble English, that could entertain, 
 \\ ith half their forces, the full power of France • 
 And let another half stand laughing by, ' 
 
 All out of work, and cold for action. 
 
 . Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 4. Having cold qualities; not volatile; 
 not acrid. 
 
 Cold plants have a quicker perception of the 
 heat of the sun than the hot herbs ; as a cold hand 
 will sooner find a little warmth than an hot. 
 
 Bocon'sNat.Hist. 
 
 5. Inditterent; frigid; wanting passion; 
 wanting zeal ; without concern ; unac- 
 tiye ; unconcerned ; wanting ardour. 
 
 There sprung up one kind of men, with whose 
 zeal and forwardness the rest being compared 
 were thought to be marvellous cold and dull. 
 
 - Hooker's Pr face. 
 
 Inhnite shall be made cold in religion, by your 
 example, that never were hurt by reading books. 
 
 rj, . Ascham. 
 
 lemp rately proceed to what you would 
 
 Jhus violently redress. Sir, these cnW ways, 
 
 I hat seem like prudent helps, are very poisonous. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 . New dated letters these. 
 
 Their cold intent, teiiour, and substance thus ; 
 Here doth he wish his person, and his power, 
 1 he which he could not levy. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 We should not, when tlie'blood was cold, 'have 
 threatened our prisoners with the sword. 
 
 „ , Shakesp.Cymheli7ie. 
 
 _ 10 see a world in flames, and an host "of angels 
 in the clouds, one must be much of a stoick to be 
 a cold and unconcerned spectator. 
 
 Burnet's Preface to the Theory of the 'Earth. 
 . No drum or trumpet needs 
 
 r inspire the coward, or to warm tlie cnU; 
 His voice, his sole appearance, makes them bold. 
 
 „ Dryden. 
 
 U, thou hast toueh'd me with thy sacred theme, 
 And my cold heart is kindled at thy liame. Rowe. 
 
 A man must be of a very cold or degenerate 
 temper, whose heart doth not burn within him in 
 the midst of praise and adoration. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 COL 
 
 6. Unaffecting; unable to move the pas- 
 sions. 
 
 What a deal of cold business doth a man mispend 
 the better part of life in? In scatlcring comp:=. 
 mcnts, tendering visits, following feasts and plays. 
 
 T,, . , , , BenJonson. 
 
 Ihe rabble are pleased at the first entry of a 
 disguise ; but the jest grows cold even with them 
 too, when it comes on in a second scene. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 7. Reserved ; coy ; not affectionate ; not 
 cordial ; not friendly. 
 
 Let his knights have colder looks 
 Among you. Shake.sp.King Lear. 
 
 i he commissioners grew more reserved, and 
 colder towards each other. Clarendon 
 
 8. Chaste; not heated by villous appetite. 
 
 You may 
 Convey your pleasures in a spacious plenty. 
 And yet seem cold, the time you may so hood- 
 wink ; 
 We've willing dames enough. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 9- Not welcome ; not received with kind- 
 ness or warmth of affection. 
 My master's suit will be butcoU, 
 Since she respects my mistress' love. 
 
 Shakesp. Two Gentlemen of Verona. 
 
 1 0. Not hasty ; not violent. 
 
 1 1. Not affecting the scent strongly 
 
 She made it good 
 At the edge corner, in the coldest fault. Shakesp. 
 
 12. Not having the scent strongly affected. 
 Smell this business w ith a sense as cold • 
 
 .4.S is a dead man's nose. Shakesp. H'liitcr's Tale. 
 Cold. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 1 . The cause of the sensation of cold ; the 
 privation of-heat ; the frigorifick power. 
 Fair lined slippers for the cold. Shakesp. 
 
 Heat and cold are nature's two hands, wliereby 
 she chiefly worketh : and heat wo have in readi- 
 ness, ill respect of the fire ; but for cold, we must 
 stay till it Cometh, or seek it in deep caves, or 
 high mountains : and when all is done, we cannot 
 obtain it in any great dej^ree. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 1 he sun 
 Had first his precept so to move, so shine. 
 As might afl'cct the earth with cold and heat 
 Scarce tolerable, and from the north to call 
 Decrepit winter, from the south to bring 
 Solstitial summer's heat. Milton. 
 
 The sensation of cold ; coldness ; chil- 
 
 ness. 
 
 ^Vhen she saw her lord prepar'd to part 
 A deadly coW ran shiv'ring to her heart. Dry.Fab. 
 3. A disease caused by cold ; the obstruc- 
 tion of perspiration. 
 
 What disease hast thou ? 
 A whoreson cdW, Sir ;acough.S/niil.ifenr!;IV. 
 
 Let no ungentle cold destroy 
 All taste we have of heavenly joy. Roscommon. 
 Those rains, so covering the "earth, might pro- 
 videntially contribute to the disruption of it, by- 
 stopping all the pores and all evaporation, which 
 would make the vapours within struggle violently, 
 as we get a fever by a cold. Burnet. 
 
 Co'ldly. adv. [from cold.] 
 
 1. Without heat. 
 
 2. Without concern ; indifferently ; neg- 
 ligently ; without warmth of temper or 
 expression. 
 
 What England says, say briefly, gentle lord ; 
 We coldly pause for thee. Shakesp King John 
 
 Swift seem'd to wonder what he meant, 
 Nor w ould believe my lord had sent ; 
 So never olfer'd once to stir, 
 But coldly said. Your servant. Sir. Swift. 
 
 Co'ldness. n. s. [from cold.] 
 1 . Want of heat ; power of causing the 
 sensation of cold. 
 
 He relates tlie excessive coldness of the water 
 they met with in summer in that icy region, where 
 they were forced to winter. Boyle's Experiments. 
 
 338
 
 COL 
 
 Such was the discord, which did first disperse 
 Form, order, beauty', ihrouph the universe ; 
 While dr^'iiess moistuTc, coldness hent resists, 
 AH that we have, and that we are, subsists. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. Unconcern; frigidity of temper; want 
 of zeal; negligence; disregard. 
 
 Divisions of religion arc not only the farlhr«.t 
 Spread, because in religion all men presume them- 
 selves interested ; but they are also fur the most 
 part, hotlier prosecuted : forasmuch as coldtiess, 
 which, in other contentions, may be thought to 
 proceed from moderation, is not in these so favour- 
 ably construed. Hooker spedicat'um. 
 
 If, upon reading admired passaj^es in authors, 
 he fnnh acoWiif.ss and indillercnce ni his tliouyhts, 
 lie ought lo conclude, that he himself wants ilie 
 faculty of discoverhig them. Addison. 
 
 It betrayed itself in a sort of indilTercnce and 
 carelessness in ail her actions, and coldness to her 
 best friends. Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. Coyness; want of kindness; want of 
 passion. 
 
 Unhappy youth ! how will thy coWufss raise 
 Tempests and storms in his afflicted bosom! 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 Let ev'rv tongue its various censures chuse, 
 At'solve w'ith coldiiess, or w ith spite accuse. Prior. 
 
 4. Chastity; exemption from vehement 
 desire. 
 
 The silver stream her virgin coldness keeps, 
 Tor ever umnnurs, and forever weeps. 
 
 Pope's Windsor Forest. 
 
 COLE. 7i. s. [cafl, Saxon.] A general 
 
 name for all sorts of cabbage. 
 Coleseed. 7i, s. [from coie and seed.] 
 
 Cabbage seed. 
 
 Where land is rank, it is not good to sow wheat 
 after a fallow ; but coksecd or barley, and then 
 wheat. Mortimer. 
 
 Co'lewort. n,s. [cajjlfyjit. Sax.] A 
 species of cabbage. 
 
 The decoction of coieivorts is also recommended 
 to bathe them. Wiseman of an Erysipelas. 
 
 She took the coleworts, which her husband got 
 From his own ground (a small well-water'd spot;") 
 She stripped the stalks of all their leaves ; the best 
 Sheculi'd, and then with handy care she dress'd. 
 
 Drxjden. 
 
 How tumips hide their swelling heads below. 
 And how the closing coleworts upwards grow. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Co'lick. n.s. [coUcus, LaU] 
 
 It strictly is a disorder of the colon ; but loosely, 
 any disorder of the stomach or bowels that is at- 
 tended with pain. Tuerc are four sorts : 1. A bi- 
 lious colick, which proceeds from an abundance of 
 acrimony or chuler irritating the bowels, so as to 
 occasion continual gripes, and generally with a 
 looseness ; and this is best managed with "lenitives 
 and emollients. 2. A flatulent coUck, which is 
 pain in the bowels, from flatuses and wind, which 
 distend them into unequal and unnatural capaci- 
 ties; and this is managed with carminatives and 
 moderate openers. 3. An hysterical co/ir'c, which 
 arises from disorders of the womb, and is commu- 
 nicated by consent of parts to the bowels ; and is 
 to be treated with the ordinary liystericks. 4. A 
 nervous colick, which is from convulsive spasms 
 and contortions of the guts themselves from some 
 disorders of the spirits, or nervous fluid, in their 
 component tibres; whereby' their capacities are 
 lu many places streigliteiied, and sometimes so as 
 to occasion obstinate obstructions : this is best 
 remedied by brisk catharticks, joined with opiates 
 and emollient diluters. There is also a species of 
 this distemper, which is commonly called the stone 
 colick, by consent of parts, from the irritation of 
 the stone or gravel in the bladder or kidneys ; 
 and this is most commonly to be treated by ne- 
 phriticks and oily diureticks, and is greatly as- 
 sisted with the carminative turpentine clysters. 
 
 Qiiincy. 
 
 Colicks of infants proceed from acidity, and the 
 air in the aliment expanding itself, while the ali- 
 lueut fermeuts. Arbutkfwt. 
 
 COL 
 
 Co'lick. adj. Affecting the bowels. 
 
 Intestine stone and ulcer, colick pangs. Milton. 
 To Colla'pse. v. n. [collubor, collapsus, 
 Lat.] To fall together ; to close so as 
 that one side touches the other. 
 
 In consumptions an*! atropliy the litjuids are 
 
 exiiaiistcd. and the sides of the canals collapie; 
 
 tlierefore the attrition is increased, and conse- 
 
 qnenlly tlie lieat. ArbuOmat on Diet 
 
 CoLLAPSlON. n. s. [from collapse.'] 
 
 1. The act of closing or collapsing. 
 
 2. The state of vessels closed. 
 CO'LLVll. n. s. [collan; I^it.] 
 1. A ring of metal put round the neck. 
 
 That's notliing, says tlie dof;, but the frettinj 
 of my collar : nav, says tlie wcif, if there be a col 
 lar in the case, I know better things than to sell 
 my liberty. L'Estran^ 
 
 Ten l>racc and more of greyhounds ; 
 With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound, 
 And culUirs of the same their neck sunound. 
 
 Drijilens Fahlcs. 
 
 2. The piirt of the harness that is fastened 
 about the horse's neck. 
 
 Her waggon spukcs made of long spinners legs, 
 The traces of tlie smallest spider's web. 
 The collars of the moonshine's watry beams. 
 
 Shakfup. 
 
 3. The part of the dress that siuTounds 
 the neck. 
 
 4. To slip I fie Collar. To get free ; to es- 
 cape ; to disentangle himself from any 
 engagement or difficulty. 
 
 When, as the ape him heard so much to talk 
 Of labour, that did from his liking baulk. 
 He would have slipt tlte collar handsomely. 
 
 Hubbcrd's Talc. 
 
 5. A Collar of Brawn, is the quantity 
 bound up in one parcel. 
 
 Collar-bone. n. s. [from collar and 
 bofie.] The clavicle ; the bones on each 
 side of the neck. 
 
 A page riding behind the coach, fell down, 
 bruised his face, and broke his right collar-bone. 
 ^Viscmans Surgery. 
 
 To Co'llar. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To seize by the collar; to take by the 
 throat. 
 
 2. To collar _Bce/", or other meat ; to roll 
 it up, and bind it hard and close with a 
 string or collar. 
 
 To COLLATE, v. a. [confero, collalum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To compare one thing of the same kind 
 witli anotiier. 
 
 Knowledge will be ever a wandering and indi- 
 gested tiling, if it be but a commixture of a few- 
 notions that are at hand and occur, and not excit- 
 ed from a sufficient number of instances, and those 
 well collated. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 They could not relinquish their Judaism, and 
 embrace Christianity, without considering, weigli- 
 ing, and collating both religions. South. 
 
 2. To collate books ; to examine if nothing 
 be wanting. 
 
 3. To bestow ; to confer 
 
 The significance of the sacrament disposes the 
 spirit of the receiver to ad iiiit the gi-ace of the spi- 
 rit of God, there consigned, exhibited, anA collated. 
 2'aiilor's Communicant. 
 
 4. With to. To place in an ecclesiastical 
 benefice, 
 
 He thrust out the invader, and coi/fltedAmsdorf 
 to the benefice : Luther performed the consecra- 
 tion. Attcrburit. 
 
 If a patron shall neglect to present unto a bene- 
 fice, void above six mouths, the bishop may collate 
 thereunto, ' Ayliffe. 
 
 COL 
 
 Colla'teral. adj\ [con and latus, Lat] 
 
 1. Side to side. 
 
 In his bright radiance and coltateral light 
 Must 1 be comforted, not in hi5 sphere. Shdktsp. 
 
 Thus sayi'ig, from his radiant seat he rose 
 Of higli cotitUeral glory. Milton » Par. Ltfrt. 
 
 2. Running parallel. 
 
 3. Diffused on either side. 
 
 But man by number is lo manifest 
 His single impcrferlion ; and beget 
 Like oi'his like, his image multiply'd 
 In unity defective, which requires 
 Collateral love and dearest amitv- 
 
 ii/i/fon'x Par. Lest. 
 
 4i. In genealogy, those that stand in equal 
 relation to some common ancestor. 
 
 The estate and inheritance of a person dying 
 intestate, is, by rijilit of devolution, according to 
 the civil law, given to such as are allied to him, 
 ex latere, conmionly styled cotlateralt, if there be 
 no ascendants or descendants surviving at the 
 time of his death. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 5. Not direct ; not immediate. 
 They shall hear and judge 'twin you and rae ; 
 
 If by direct or by collateral hand 
 
 They find us touch'd, we will our kingdom give 
 To you in satisfaction. Siuikesp. 
 
 6. Concurrent. 
 All the force of the motive lies within itself: it 
 
 receives no collatei'al strength from external consi- 
 derations. Attcrburv. 
 
 Collaterally, adv. lG:om collateraL] 
 
 1. vSide by side. 
 These pullies maybe multiplied according to 
 
 sundry ditferent situations, not only when they 
 are subordinate, but also when they are placed 
 collaterally. WUkins, 
 
 2. Indirectly. 
 By asserting the scripture to be the canon of 
 
 our I'aiih, I have created two enemies : the papist* 
 more directly, because they have kept the scrip- 
 ture from us ; and the fanaticks more collateratlu, 
 because they have assumed what amounts to an 
 infallibility in the private spirit. Drydcn, 
 
 3. In collateral relation. 
 
 Collation, n.s. [collatio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of conferring or bestowing ; 
 gift. 
 
 Neither are we to give thanks alone for the first 
 collation of these benefits, but also for their preser- 
 vation, llay on the Creation. 
 
 2. Comparison of one copy, or one thing 
 of the same kind, witli another. 
 
 In the disquisition of truth, a ready fancy is of 
 great use ; provided that collation doth its olRce. 
 Greur's Cosmologia. 
 
 I return you your iMilton, which, upon collation, 
 I find to be revised and augmented in several 
 places. Pf»pf. 
 
 3. In law. 
 Collation is tlie bestowing of a benefice, by the 
 
 bishop that hath it in his own gift or patronage ; 
 and dift'crs from institution in this, that institu- 
 tion into a benefice is performed by the bishop at 
 the presentation of another who is patron, or hath 
 the patron's right for the time. Ci>i«//. 
 
 Biihops should be placed by collation of the king 
 under his letters patent, without any precedent 
 election, or confirmation ensuing. hayu-ard. 
 
 4. A repast ; a treat less tlian a feast, 
 
 CoLLATlTlous. adj. [collatitiiis. Lat.] 
 Done by the contribution of many. 
 
 Diet. 
 Collator, n. s. [from collate.] 
 1. One tliat compares copies, or manu- 
 scripts. 
 
 To read the titles they give an editor or collator 
 of a manuscript, you would lake him for the |!orr 
 of letters. 
 
 Addison. 
 339
 
 COL 
 
 2. One who presents to an ecclesiastical 
 benefice. 
 
 A mandatory cannot interrupt an ordinary <•"/ 
 later, till a montli is expired from ihe day of pre- 
 senlatioii. Aylijle. 
 
 7oColla'ud. i\a. [collaudc, L,ai.] To 
 join in praising. Diet. 
 
 COLLE \GUE. n. s. [collega, Lat.] A 
 partner in office or employment. An- 
 ciently accented on the last syllable. 
 
 Easy it might be seen tliat I intend 
 I^Iercy co^/ed^ue with justice sending thee.Mi/(i»?i. 
 The regents, upon demise ot the crown, would 
 keep the peace without colleagues. Su'ijt. 
 
 To Colle'ague. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To unite with. 
 
 Colleagned with this dream of his advantage. 
 He hath not fail'd to pester us with message. 
 Importing the surrender of those lands. 
 
 Skakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 To COLLECT, v. a. [colligo, coUectum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To gather together; to bring into one 
 place. 
 
 'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by 
 preserving what our labour and industry daily 
 collect. Watts. 
 
 2. To draw many units, or numbers, into 
 one sum. 
 
 Let a man collect into one sum as great a num- 
 ber as he pleases, this multitude, how great soever, 
 lessens not one jot the power of adding to it. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. To gain by observation. 
 
 The reverend care I bear unto my lord. 
 Made me collect these dangers in tlie duke. 
 
 Skakesp. HetiryXl. 
 ■i. To infer as a consequence ; to gather 
 from premises. 
 
 How great the force of erroneous persuasioii is, 
 we may collect from our Saviour' s ])remonition to 
 his disciples. Decay cfPietij. 
 
 They conclude they can have no idea of infi- 
 nite space, because they can have no idea of infi- 
 nite matter; which consequence, I conceive, is 
 very ill collected. Locke. 
 
 5. To collect himself. To recover from 
 surprise ; to gain command over his 
 thoughts ; to assemble liis sentiments. 
 
 Be collected ; 
 No more amazement. Skakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Affrighted much, 
 I did in time collect m3'self, and thought 
 This was so, and no slumber. Shak. Winter $ Tale. 
 Prosperity unexpected often maketh men care- 
 less and remiss ; whereas they, who receive a 
 wound, become more vigilant and collected. 
 
 Hayward. 
 As when of old some orator renown'd 
 In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence 
 Flourish'd, since mute, to some great cause ad- 
 
 dress'd, 
 Stood in himself collected, while each part, 
 Motion, each act won audience, ere the tongue 
 Sometimes in height began, as no delay 
 Of preface breaking through his zeal oT right. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Co'llect. n.s. [collect a, low Lat.] A 
 
 short comprehensive prayer, used at the 
 
 sacrament ; any short prayer. 
 
 Then let your devotion be humbly to say over 
 proper collects. Taylor's Guide to Dtvotion. 
 
 Collf.cta'neous. adj. [collectaneus, 
 Lat.] Gathered up together ; collected ; 
 notes compiled from various books. 
 
 Colle'ctkdly. adv. [from collected.] 
 Gathered in one view at once. 
 
 The whole evolution of ages from everlasting to 
 everlasting is so collectedly Siad presentifickly re- 
 presented to God. Mvre. 
 
 COL 
 
 Colle'ctible. a(//'. [from collect.] That 
 which may be gathered from the pre- 
 mises b}' just consequence. 
 
 Whether thereby be meant Euphrates, is not 
 collectible from the "following words. _ 
 
 Brouit's Vulgar Errimrs. 
 
 Colle'ction. n..i. [from collect.] 
 
 1 . The act of gathering together. 
 
 2. An assemblage ; the things gathered. 
 
 No pcrjur'd knight desires to quit thy arras. 
 Fairest collection of thy sex's churnvs. Prior. 
 
 The gallery is hung with a collcctim of pictures. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 3. The act of deducing consequences ; 
 ratiocination ; discourse. This sense is 
 
 now scarce in use. 
 
 If once we descend unto probable collections, we 
 are then in the territory where free and arbitrary 
 determinations, the territory where human laws, 
 take place. _ Hooker. 
 
 Thou shalt not peep through lattices of eyes. 
 Nor hear thro' labyrinths of cars, nor learn 
 By circuit or ci)/fec(ii>ns to discern. Donne. 
 
 4. A corollary ; a coiisectary deduced from 
 premises ; deduction ; consequence. 
 
 It should be a weak collection, if whereas we say, 
 that when Christ had overcome the sharpness of 
 death, he then opened the kingdom of heaven to 
 all believers ; a thing in such sort affirmed with 
 circumstances, were taken as insinuating an op- 
 posite denial before that circumstance be accom- 
 plished. Hooker. 
 
 This label 
 Is so from sense in hardness, that I can 
 Make no collection of it. Skakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 When she, from sundry arts, one skill doth 
 draw ; 
 Gath'ring, from divers flight, one act of war ; 
 
 From many cases like, one rule of law ; 
 These her collections, not the senses are. Davies. 
 CoLLECTlTlous. adj. [colleclitius, Lat.] 
 
 Gathered up. 
 Colle'ctive. adj. [from collect ; collec- 
 tij; Fr.] 
 
 1 . Gathered into one mass ; aggregated ; 
 accumulative. 
 
 A body collective, it containeth a huge multi- 
 tude. Hooker. 
 
 The three forms of government differ only by 
 the civil administration being in the hands of one 
 or two, called kings ; in a senate, called the no- 
 bles ; or in the people collective or representative, 
 who may be called the commons. Sivif't. 
 
 The difference between a compound and a col- 
 lective idea is, that a compound idea unites things 
 of a different kind ; but a collective idea, thinns 
 of the same. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Employed in deducing consequences ; 
 argumentative. 
 
 Antiquity left many falsities controulable not 
 only by critical and collective reason, hut contrary' 
 observations. Brown. 
 
 3. [In grammar.] A collective noun is a 
 ■word which expresses a multitude, 
 though itself be singular ; as a compa- 
 ny ; an army. 
 
 Collectively, adv. [from collective.] 
 In a general mass ; iti a body ; not sing- 
 ly; not numbered by individuals; in 
 the aggregate; accutmilatively ; taken 
 together ; in a state of combination or 
 union. 
 
 Although we cannot be free from all sin collec- 
 tively, in such sort Uiat no part thereof shall be 
 found in us, yet distributively all great actual of- 
 fences, as they offer themselves one by one, both 
 may and ought to be by all means avoided. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Singly and apart many of them are subject to 
 exception, yet collectioely they make up a Mod 
 moral evideiice. Hale. 
 
 COL 
 
 The other part of the water was condensed at 
 the surface of the earth, and sent forth collectively 
 into standing springs and rivers. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 Colle'ctor. n. s. [collector, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A gatherer ; he that collects scattered 
 things together. 
 
 2. A compiler ; one that gathers scattered 
 pieces into one book. 
 
 The grandfather might be the first collector of 
 them into a body. Hale's Common LawoJ'Engl. 
 
 \olumes without the collector's own reflections. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 The best English historian, when his stile grows 
 antiquated, will be only considered as a tedious 
 relatorof fact*, and perhaps consulted to furnish 
 materials for some future collector. Swifi. 
 
 3. A tax-gatherer ; a man employed in 
 levying duties or tributes. 
 
 A great part of this treasure is now embezzled, 
 lavished, and feasted away by collectors, and other 
 officers. Temple. 
 
 The commissions of tlie revenue are disposed 
 of, and the collectors are appointed by the com- 
 missioner. Swift. 
 
 Colle'gatary. n. s. [from con and le- 
 gatiim, a legacy, Latin.] In the civil 
 law, a person to whom is left a legacy in 
 common with one or more other persons. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 CO'LLEGE. n.s. [collegium, La.t.] 
 
 1. .A community ; a number of persons 
 living by some common rules. 
 
 On barbed steeds the^' rode in proud array. 
 Thick as theco//e^e of the bees in May. Dryden. 
 
 2. A society of men set apart for learning, 
 or religion. 
 
 He is return'd with his opinions, 
 Gather'd from all the famous colleges 
 Almost in Christendom. Sbakesp. Henry X[\l. 
 
 I would the college of the cardinals 
 Would chuse him pope, and carry hiin to Rome. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 This order or society is sometimes called Solo- 
 mon's house, and sometimes the college of the six 
 days work. Bacon. 
 
 3. The house in which the collegians re- 
 side. 
 
 Huldah the prophetess dwelt in Jerusalem in 
 the college. Kings. 
 
 4. A college, in forming universities, is a 
 lecture read in publick. 
 
 Colle'gial. adj. [from college.] Relat- 
 ing to a college ; possessed by a college. 
 
 Colle'gian. n.s. [from college.] An in- 
 habitant of a college ; a member of a 
 college. 
 
 Collegiate, adj. [collegiatiis,]o\v Lat.] 
 
 1. Containing a college ; instituted after 
 the manner of a college. 
 
 I wish that yourselves did well consider how 
 opposite certain of your positions are unto the 
 state of collegiate societies, whereon the two uni- 
 versities consist. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 2. .\ collegiate church was such as was 
 built at a convenient distance from a ca- 
 thedral church, wherein a number of 
 presbyters were settled, atid lived toge- 
 ther in one congregation. Ayliffe's Par. 
 
 Collegiate, n.s. [from college.] A 
 member of a college ; a man bred in a 
 college ; an university man. 
 
 These are a kind of cmpiricks in poetry, who 
 have got a receipt to please ; and no collegiate like 
 them, for purging the passions. Rymer. 
 
 Co'llet. n.s. [Fr. from collum, Lat. the 
 neck.] 
 
 340
 
 COL 
 
 1 . Anciently something that went about 
 the neck ; sometimes the neck. 
 
 2. That part of a ring in which the stone 
 is set. 
 
 3. A term used by turners. 
 
 To Colli'de. v. a. [collido, Lat.] To 
 strike against each other; to beat, to 
 dash, to knock together. 
 
 Scinlillations are not the ascension of air upon 
 collision, but inflammable effluences from the bo- 
 dies collided. Brou-n. 
 Co'llier. n. s. [from coal.] 
 
 1. A digger of coals; one that works in 
 the coal-pits. 
 
 2. A coal-merchant ; a dealer in coals. 
 
 I knew a nobleman a great grasier, a great tim- 
 berman, a great collier, and a great landman. Bac. 
 
 3. A ship that carries coals. 
 Co'lliery. 71. s. [from co//(€r.] 
 
 1. The place wliere coals are dug. 
 
 2. The coal trade. 
 Co'lliflower. ti.s. [Jios brasic{e ; from 
 
 ca])l. Sax. cabbage and ^ower; properly 
 cauliflower.] A species of cabbage. 
 Colliga'tion. n. s. [colligatio, Lat.] A 
 binding together. 
 
 These the midwife contrivelh into a knot, 
 whence that tortuosity or nodosity in the navel, 
 occasioned by the colligation of vessels. 
 
 Bnmm's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Collima'tion. n.s. [Crom coltimo, Lat.] 
 
 l"he act of aiming at a mark ; aim. Diet. 
 Collinea'tion. n. s. [collineo, Lat.] 
 
 The act of aiming. 
 Co'lliquable. adj. [from colliquate.] 
 
 Easily dissolved ; liable to be melted. 
 The tender consistence renders it the more col- 
 
 liquableawn consumptive. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 Colli'quament. n.s. [from colliquate.] 
 
 The substance to which any thing is 
 
 reduced by being melted. 
 Co'luquant. adj. [from colliquate.] 
 
 That which has the power of melting or 
 
 dissolving. 
 To COLLIQUATE. v. a. [colliqueo.Un.] 
 
 To melt ; to dissolve ; to tiu'n from soUd 
 
 to fluid. 
 I'he iire melted the glass, that made a great 
 
 shew, after what was colliquuted had been removed 
 
 from the fire. Boyle. 
 
 The fat of the kidneys is apt to be colliquated 
 
 through a great heat from within, and an ardent 
 
 colliquative fever. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 7b Co'lliquate. v.n. To melt; to be 
 
 dissolved. 
 
 Ice will dissolve in fire, and colliquate in water 
 or warm oils. Browns Vulg.Err. 
 
 Colliqua'tion. n.s. [colliquatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of melting. 
 
 Glass may be made b^ tlie bare colliqnation of 
 the salt and* earth remaining in the ashes of a 
 burnt plant. Boyle. 
 
 From them proceed rarefaction, colUquat^on, 
 concoction, maturation, and most effects of na- 
 ture. Bacon's.Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Such a temperament or disposition of 
 the animal fluids as proceeds from a lax 
 compages, and wherein they flow ofi" 
 through the secretory glands faster than 
 they ought. Quittci/. 
 
 An3- kind of universal diminution and colliqua- 
 tton of the body. Harvey on ConsttmptiOTts. 
 
 Colli'quative. adj. [from colliquate.] 
 Melting; dissolvent. 
 
 COL 
 
 A colliqualiie fever is such as is attended with 
 a diarrhosa, or sweats, from too lax a contexture 
 ofthe8uid5. Quincy. 
 
 It is a consequent of a buniing colliquatii'e fe- 
 ver, whereby the humours, fat, and flesh of the 
 body are melted. Harvey. 
 
 Colliquefa'ction. n. s. [colliquefacio, 
 Lat.] The act of melting together ; re- 
 duction to one mass by fluxion in the 
 fire. 
 
 After the incorporation of metals by simple rni- 
 Vquejaction, for the better discovering of the na- 
 ture ajid consents and dissents of metals, it would 
 be tried by incorporating of their dissolutions. 
 
 Bacon's Physical Remains. 
 CoLLl'siON. n.s. [from co/fc/o, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of striking two bodies together. 
 Or, by coUisimi of two bodies, grind 
 
 The air "attrite to fire. Millon's Par. Last. 
 
 The flint and the steel you may move apart as 
 long as you please ; but it is the hitting and col- 
 lision of them that must make them strike fire. 
 
 Baitley. 
 
 2. The state of being struck together; a 
 clash. 
 
 Then from the clashes between popes and kings. 
 Debate, like sparks from flint's collision, springs. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 The devil sometimes borrowed fire from the 
 altar to consume the votaries ; and, by the mutual 
 coltisioji of well-meant zeal, set even orthodox 
 Christians in a flame. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To COLLOCATE, v. a. [colloco, Lat.] 
 To place ; to station. 
 
 If you desire to superinduce any virtue upon a 
 person, take the creature in which that virtue 
 is most eminent : of that creature take the parts 
 wherein that virtue is collocate. Bacon. 
 
 Collocation, n.s. [collocatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of placing ; disposition. 
 
 2. The state of being placed. 
 
 In the collocation of the spirits in bodies, the col- 
 location is equal or unequal ; and the spirits coa- 
 cervate or diffused. Bacon. 
 
 Collocu'tion. n. s. [cotlocutio, Lat.] 
 Conference; conversation. 
 
 To Collo'gue. v. a. [probably from col- 
 loquor, Lat.] To wheedle ; to flatter ; to 
 please with kind words. A low word. 
 
 Co'llop. n. s. [It is derived by Min- 
 shew from coal and op, a rasher broiled 
 upon the coals ; a carbonade.] 
 
 1. A small slice of meat. 
 
 Sweetbread and collops were with skewers 
 prick'd 
 About the sides. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 A cook perliaps has mighty things'profess'd ; 
 Tlien sent up but two dishes nicely drest : 
 What signifies Scotch colhps to a feast ? 
 
 King's Cookery. 
 
 2. A piece of any animal. 
 
 The lion is upon his death-bed : not an enemy 
 that does not apply for a collop of him. L'Estraytge. 
 
 3. In burlesque language, a child. 
 
 Come, Sir page, 
 Look on me with your welkin eve, sweet villain, 
 Most dear'st, my coUop. Shanesp. Wijitcr's Talc. 
 
 Thou art a collop oi my flesh, 
 And for thy sake I have shed many a tear. 
 
 Shakesp. Heiiry VI. 
 Collo'qui AL. adj. [from colloquy.] What- 
 ever relates to common conversation. 
 Co'lloquy. n.s. [colloquium, Lat.] Con- 
 ference ; conversation ; alternate dis- 
 course ; talk. 
 
 My earthly, by his heav'nly over-power'd, 
 In that celestial colloquy sublime, 
 As with an object that'exceis the sense. 
 Dazzled, and spent, sunk down. JlJjft. Par.Loet. 
 
 COL 
 
 In retirement make frequent cotloquieM, or ihort 
 discoursings, between God and thy own soul. 
 
 Tayhr. 
 
 Co'llow. n.s. [More properly colly, 
 from coal.] 
 
 Callow is the word by which they denote black 
 grime of burnt coals, or wood. Wooau-ard on Fotsils. 
 
 Collu'ctancy. n. s. [colluctor, Lat.] 
 A tendency to contest ; opposition of 
 nature. 
 
 Collucta'tion. n. s. [colluctatio, Lat] 
 Contest; struggle; contrariety; oppo- 
 sition ; spile. 
 
 The thermae, natural baths, or hot springs, do 
 not owe their heat to any coUuctation or efferves- 
 cence of the minerals in them. Wooduard'sSa.Hist. 
 
 7b COLLUDE, v.n. [colludo, Lat.] To 
 conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert ; to 
 
 play into the hand of each other. 
 CoLLu'sioN. n,s. \collusio,\jxt,'] 
 
 Collusion is, in our common law, a deceitful 
 agreement or compact between two or more, for 
 tfie one part to bring an action against the other 
 to some evil purpose ; as to defraud a third of his 
 ri«ht. _ Cmceli. 
 
 Bv tlie ignorance of the merchants, o^dishone!^- 
 ty of weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware 
 was bad, and the price excessive. Swift. 
 
 CoLLu'sivE, arij, [from coUitdeJ] Frau- 
 dulently concerted. 
 
 CoLLU'siVELY. adv. [fvom collusive.] In 
 a manner fraudulently concerted. 
 
 Colll'sory. adj. [from coUudo, Lat.] 
 Carrying on a fraud by secret concert. 
 
 Co'lly. n.s. [from ro/?/.] The smut of coaL 
 
 Suppose thou saw her dressed in some old hir- 
 sute attire, out of fashion, coarse raiment, be- 
 smeared with soot, coll^y perfumed with opopa- 
 nax. Burton on Melancholy. 
 
 To Colly, r. a. To grime with coal ; to 
 smut with coal. 
 
 Brief as the lii^htning in the collied ntght, 
 That, in a sjiecn, unfolds both heav'n and earth ; 
 And, ere a man lialh puw'r to say, behold. 
 The jaws of darkness do devour it up. Shahfsp. 
 
 COLLYRIUM. n.s. [Latin.] An oint- 
 ment for the eyes. 
 
 COLMAR. n.s. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 
 
 Co'log N iar/A. n.s. Is a deep brown, 
 very light bastard ochre, which is no 
 pure native fossil ; but contains more ve- 
 getable than mineral matter, and owes 
 its origin to the remains of wood long 
 buried in the earth. Hill on Fossils. 
 
 Colon, n.s. [*u\iit amembir.] 
 
 1. A point ( : ) used to mark a pause 
 greater than that of a comma, and less 
 than that of a period. Its use is not very 
 exactly fixed ; nor is it very necessary, 
 being confounded by most with the se- 
 micolon. It was used, before punctua- 
 tion was refined, to mark almost any 
 sense less than a period. To applj- it 
 properly, we should place it, perhaps, 
 only where the sense is continued with- 
 out dependence of granmiar or construc- 
 tion ; as, / love him, I despise him: I 
 have long ceased to trust, but shall never 
 forbear to succour him. 
 
 2. The greatest and widest of all the intes- 
 tines, about eight or nine hands breadth 
 long. It begins where the ilium ends, 
 in die cavity of the os ilium on the right 
 
 341
 
 COL 
 
 aide ; from thence ascending by the kid- 
 ney on the same side, it passes under 
 the concave side of the liver, to which 
 it is sometimes tied, as likewise to the 
 gall-bladder, which tinges it yellow in 
 that place : then it runs under the bot- 
 tom of the stomach to the spleen in the 
 left side, to which it is also knit: from 
 thence it turns down to the left kidney ; 
 and thence passing, in form of an S, it 
 terminates at the upper part of the os 
 sacrum in the rectum, Quhici/, 
 
 Now, by your criieltv hard bound, 
 I strain my guts, my colon wound. Swift. 
 
 Tlie contents of the colon are of a sour, fetid, 
 acid smell in rabbits. Floyer on the Humours. 
 
 COLONEL, n.s. [of uncertain etymolo- 
 gy. Ski7i7ie7' imagines it originally colo- 
 7iialis the leader of a colony. lMhishe?v 
 deduces it from co/onna a pillar: a.s,pa- 
 iria columen ; exeixitus columcn. Each 
 is plausible.] The chief commander of 
 a regiment ; a field officer of the highest 
 rank, next to the general officers. It is 
 now generally sounded with only two 
 distinct syllables, col'nel, 
 
 Tlic cliiefest help must be the care of the oo/o- 
 7(f/, tliat hath the g(jvernment of all his garrison. 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 Captain or colonel, or kniglit in arms, 
 ^Vbose chance on these defenceless doors may 
 
 seize, 
 If deed of honour did thee ever please. 
 Guard them, and him within protect from harms. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Co'lonelship. w. s. [from colonel.] The 
 office or character of colonel. 
 
 While he continued a subaltern, be complained 
 against the pride of colonels towards their officers ; 
 yet, in a few minutes after he had received his 
 commission fur a regiment, he confessed that colo- 
 nelship was coming fast upon him. Su'lft. 
 
 To Co'lonize. v. a, [(vom coloni/.] To 
 plant with inhabitants ; to settle with 
 new planters ; to plant with colonies. 
 
 There was never an hand drawn, that did dou- 
 ble the rest of the habitable world, Ijefore this; 
 for so a man may truly term it, if lie shall put to 
 account a^ well that that is, as that which may be 
 hereafter, by the fartlier occupation and colonizing 
 of those countries : and yet it cannot be alhrmcd, 
 if one speak ingenuously, that it was the propaga- 
 tion of the Christian faith that was the adamant of 
 that discovery, entry, and plantation ; but gold 
 and silver, and temporal profit and glory; so that 
 what wa'; first in God's providence, was but se- 
 cond in man's appetite and intention. 
 
 Bacons Holy War. 
 
 Druina hath advantage by acquest of islands, 
 which she colonizeth and fortifieth daily. 
 
 Hoicel's T ocal Forest. 
 
 Colonna'de. n. s. [from colo?ina, Ital. a 
 column.] 
 
 1 . A peristyle of a circular figure ; or a 
 series of columns disposed in a circle, 
 and insulated within side. Buildei^'s Die, 
 
 Here circling colonnades the ground inclose, 
 And here the marble statues breathe in rows, 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. Any series or range of pillars. 
 
 For vou my colonnades extend their wings. Pope. 
 
 CO LONY. n. s. [colonia, Lat.] 
 1. A body of people drawn from the mo- 
 ther country to inhabit some distant 
 place. 
 
 To these new inhabitants and colonies he gave 
 the same law under which tliev weie bom and 
 bred. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 COL 
 
 Rooting out these two rebellious septs, lie 
 placed English colonies in their rooms. 
 
 Dairies on Ireland 
 Crisis, or the Bacchus of the ancients, is report- 
 ed to have civilized the Indians, planting colonies, 
 and building cities. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 2. The country planted ; a plantation. 
 
 The rising city, which from far you see, 
 Is Carthage, and a Tyrian cnloinj. ' Dryden'sVirgii 
 
 Co'lophony. w. s, [from Colophony a 
 city, whence it came.] Rosin. 
 
 Of Venetian turpentine, slowly evaporating 
 about a fourth or tifth part, the remaining sub- 
 stance suliercd to cool, would artord me a cohe- 
 rent body, or a tine colojthony. Boyle. 
 Turpentines and oils leave a colophony, upon a 
 separation of their thinner oil. 
 
 Floyer on the Humours. 
 
 Coloqui'nteda. n. s. [colocynthis, Lat. 
 xoWuffiK.] Tlie fruit of a plant of the 
 same name, brought from the Levant, 
 about the bigness of a large orange, and 
 often called bitter apple. Both the seed 
 and pulp are intolerably bitter. It is a 
 violent purgative, of considerable use in 
 medicine. Chambers. 
 
 Co'hORATE. adj . [color atus.L^t.] Colour- 
 ed ; dyed ; marked or stained with some 
 colour. 
 
 Had tlie tunicles and humours of the eye been 
 colorate, many rays from visible objects would 
 have been stopt. ^^y. 
 
 Colora'tion. w. 5. [celoro, Lat.] 
 L The art or practice of colouring. 
 
 Some bodies have a more departable nature 
 than others, as is evident in coloration ; for a small 
 quantity of saffron will tinct more than a great 
 quantity of brasil. Bacon. 
 
 2. The state of being coloured. 
 
 Amongst curiosities I shall place coloration, 
 though somewhat better ; for beauty in flowers is 
 their pre-eminence. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Colori'fick. adj\ [coIorificuSy Lat.] 
 That which has the poAver of producing 
 dyes, tintSj colours, or hues. 
 
 In this composition of white, the several rays 
 do not suffer any change in ilwir colorijick qualities 
 by acting upon one another ; but are only mixed, 
 and by a mixture of their colours produce white. 
 Neictons Opticks. 
 COLO'SSE. 1 n. s, [colossus, Lat.] A 
 COLOSSUS. I statue of enormous mag- 
 nitude. 
 
 Not to mention the walls and palace of Baby- 
 lon, the pyramids of Egypt, or colosse of Rhodes. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 There huge colossus rose, with trophies crown'd, 
 
 And ruiiick characters were graved around. Pope. 
 
 Colosse'an. adj\ [colosseus y hat] In 
 form of a colossus; of the height and 
 bigness of such a statue; giantlike. 
 
 COLOUR, n.s. [color, Lat] 
 
 1 . The appearance of bodies to the eye 
 only ; hue ; dye. 
 
 It is a vulgar idea of the colours of solid bodies, 
 when we perceive them to he a red, or blue, or 
 green tincture of the surface ; hut a philosophical 
 idea, when we consider the various colours to be 
 ditferent sensations, excited in us by the refracted 
 rays of light, reflected on our eyes in a different 
 manner, according to the different size, o. shape, 
 or situation of the particles of which surfaces are 
 composed. Watts. 
 
 Her hair shall be of what colour it please God. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 For though our eyes can nought but colours see. 
 Yet colours give them not their power of si^ht. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 The lights of colours are more refrangible one 
 than another in tliis order; red, orange, yellow, 
 green, blae, indigo, deep violet. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 COL 
 
 £, The freshness or appearance of blood 
 in the face. 
 My cheeks no longer did their colour boast. 
 , ,, , Dryden. 
 
 A sudden horror seiz d his giddy head, 
 And liis ears trickled, and his ootour fled. Dryden. 
 
 3. The tint of the painter. 
 
 \\ hen each bold figure just begins to live. 
 The treach'rous colours the fair art betray. 
 And all the bright creation fades away. Pope. 
 
 4. The representation of any thing super- 
 ficially examined. 
 
 Their wisdom is only of this world, to put false 
 colours upon tilings, to call good evil, and evil 
 good, against the convictionof their own con- 
 sciences. Swift. 
 
 5. Concealment ; palliation ; excuse ; su- 
 perficial cover. 
 
 It is no matter if I do halt ; I have the wars for 
 my co/mir, and my pension shall seem the more 
 reasonable. Shakesp. Henrii IV. 
 
 Their sin admitted no colour or excuse. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 6. Appearance ; pretence ; false shew. 
 
 Under the colour of commending him, 
 1 have access my own love to prefer. Shakesp. 
 
 Merchants came to Rhodes with a great ship 
 
 laded with corn ; under the colour of the sale 
 
 whereof, they noted all that was done in the city. 
 
 Knotles's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 7. Kind; species; character. 
 
 Boys and women are, for the most part, cattle 
 of this colour. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 8. In the plural, a standard; an ensign 
 of war : they say the colours of the foot, 
 and standard of the horse. 
 
 He at Venice gave 
 His body to that pleasant country s earth. 
 And his pure soul unto his captain Christ, 
 Under whose colours he had fought so long. 
 
 Shakesp. Riclmrd II. 
 
 Against all checks, rebukes, and manners, 
 I must advance the colours of my love. 
 And not retire. Shak. Merry JVivcs of Windsor. 
 
 The banks were filled with companies, passing 
 all along the river under their colours, with trum- 
 pets sounding. KnoUes. 
 
 9. Colours is used singularly by Addison. 
 An author compares a ragged coin to a tattered 
 
 colours. Addison. 
 
 To Co'lour. v. a. [culoro, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To mark with some hue, or dye. 
 
 The rays, to speak properly, are not coloured : 
 in them tliere is nothing else than a certain power 
 and dispusition to stir up a sensation of this or thai 
 colour. _ Neuron's Opticks. 
 
 2. To palliate; to excuse; to dress in spe- 
 cious colours, or fair appearances. 
 
 I told him, that I would not favour or colour in 
 any sort his former folly. Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 He colours the falsehood of ^^iieas by an ex- 
 press command from Jupiter to forsake the queen. 
 Dryden s Dedicat. .±,neid. 
 
 3. To make plausible. 
 
 We have scarce heard of an insurrection that 
 was not coloured with grievances of the highest 
 kind, or countenanced by one or more branches 
 of the legislature. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 4-. To colour a Stranger's Goods, is when 
 a freeman allows a foreigner to enter 
 goods at the custom-house in liis name ; 
 so that the foreigner pays but single du- 
 ty, when he ought to pay double. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 To Co'lour. v. n. To blush. A low 
 word, only used in conversation. 
 
 Co'lourable. adj. [from colour.l Spe- 
 cious ; plausible. It is now little used. 
 They have now a colourable pretence to with- 
 stand innovations, having accepted of other laws 
 and rules already. Spenser. 
 
 342
 
 COL 
 
 They were glad to lay hold on so colniirabk ji 
 matter, and to traduce him as an author of suspi- 
 cious innovation. Hooker. 
 
 Had I sacrificed ccclesiaslica! Government and 
 revenues to their covetousnoss and ambition, they 
 would have found no colourable necessity of an 
 army. ^^^g Charles. 
 
 We hope the mercy of God will consider ns 
 unto some mlneration of our offences ; yet had 
 not the sincerity of our parents so colourable ex- 
 pectations. Brown's Vulgar Kn-ours. 
 
 Co'lourably. adv. [from colourable.] 
 Speciously ; plausibly. 
 
 The process, howsoever colourablti awarded, 
 hath not! lit the very mark whereat it was directed. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Co'loured. participial adj. [from co- 
 lour.] Streaked ; diversified with a va- 
 riety of hues. 
 
 The coloured are coarser juiced, and therefore 
 not so well and equally concocted. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Co'louring. n.s. [from co/o!<r.] The 
 
 part of tiie painter's art that teaches to 
 
 lay on his colours with propriety and 
 
 beauty. 
 
 But as the slightest sketcli, if justly trac'd, 
 Is by ill colouring but the more disgrac'd ; 
 So by false learning is good sense defac'd. Pope. 
 
 Co'lourist. 71.4'. [from colour.] A pain- 
 ter wlio excels in giving the proper co- 
 lours to liis designs. 
 
 Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest 
 of the good colourisis, have couie nearest to nature. 
 Dryden's Dufresjioi}. 
 Co'lourless. adj. [from colour.] With- 
 out colour ; not distinguished by any 
 hue; transparent. 
 
 Transparent substances, as glass, water, and 
 air, when made very thin by teing blown into 
 bubbles, or oiherways formed into plates, exhibit 
 various colours, according to their various thin- 
 ness ; although at a greater thickness they ap- 
 pear very clear and colourltss. Newton's Optichs. 
 Pellucid co/rtj(r/e*s glass or water, by being beat- 
 en into a powder or froth, do acquire a very intense 
 whiteness. Bentky. 
 
 COLT. n.s. [cok, Sax.] 
 
 1 . A young horse : used commonly for the 
 male offspring of a horse, as filly for the 
 female. 
 
 The colt hath about four years of growth, and 
 so the fawn, and so the calf. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Like colts or uninanagcd horses, we start at 
 dead bones and lifeless blocks. Taylor's Holq Liu. 
 
 No sports, but what belong to war, they know ; 
 To break the stubborn colt, to bend the bow. 
 
 Dryden's.iEneid. 
 
 2. A young foolish fellow. 
 
 Ay, that's a colt, indeed ; for he doth nothin" 
 
 but 'talk of his horse. Shahesp. Merchant of IVjiicc! 
 
 To Colt. i'. n. [from the noun.] To frisk ; 
 
 to be licentious ; to run at large without 
 
 rule; to riot; to frolick. 
 
 As soon as they were out of sight by themselves, 
 they shook oti' their bridles, and began to colt 
 anew more licentiously than before. 
 
 Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 
 To Colt. v. a. To befool. 
 
 What a plague mean ye, to co/( me thus ? 
 
 Shahesp. HcnnjlV . 
 COLTS-FOOT. 71. s. [tussilago ; from colt 
 and foot.] It hath a radiated flower, 
 whose disk consists of many florets, but 
 the crown composed of many half flo- 
 rets : the embryos are included in a 
 multifid flower-cup, which turns to 
 downy seeds fixed in a bed. Miller. 
 CoLTS-TOOTH. n. s. [from colt and tooth.] 
 1. An imperfect or superfluous tootli iu 
 young Iiorscs. 
 
 COM 
 
 2. A love of youthful pleasure ; a tlisposi- 
 tion to the practices of youth. 
 
 Well said, lord Sands ; 
 Your colls-looth is not cast yet ? 
 —No, my lord; nor shall not, while I have a 
 stump. Shahesp. 
 
 Co'lter. 71.*. [cultop, Sax. ctt//fr, Lat.] 
 The sharp iron of a plough that cuts the 
 ground perpendicularly to the sliare. 
 
 Co'ltish. adj. [fromcolt.] Having the 
 tricks of a colt ; wanton. 
 
 Co'LUBRiNEnr//. [coluhrinus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Relating to a serpent. 
 
 2. Cunning; crafty. 
 Co'lumbary. n.s. {columbarium, Lat.] 
 
 A dovecot; a pigeon-house. 
 
 The earth o'i columharies, or dovehouses, is much 
 desired in the artifice of saltpetre. 
 
 Bronx's Vul^ Err. 
 
 Co'lumbine. 7i. «. [columbina, Lat.] A 
 plant with leaves like the meadow rue. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Columbines are of several sorts and colours. 
 They flower in the end of Jlay, when few other 
 flow'crs shew. Mortimer. 
 
 Co'lumbine. 7!. 4. [columbinus, Lat.] A 
 kind of violet colour, or changeable 
 dove colour. Diet. 
 
 COLUMN, n.s. [columna,Lat.] 
 
 1. A roun<l pillar. 
 
 Some of the old Greek co/umri.? and altars, were 
 brought Irolu the ruins of Apollo's temple, at 
 Uelos. Faicham. 
 
 Round broken C(i/((mas clasping ivy twin'd. 
 
 Bope. 
 
 2. Any body of certain dimensions press- 
 ing vertically upon its base. 
 
 The whole weight of any column of the atmo- 
 sphere, and likewise the specifiek gravity of its 
 basis, are certainly known by many experiments. 
 
 Bentleu. 
 
 3. [In the military art.] The long file or 
 row of troops, or of baggage, of an army 
 in its marcli. An army marclies in one, 
 two, three, or more columns, according 
 as the ground will allow. 
 
 4. [Witli printers.] A column is half a 
 page, when divided into two equal pai'ts 
 by a line passing through the middle, 
 from the top to the bottom ; and, by se- 
 veral parallel lines, pages are often divi- 
 ded into three or more columns. 
 
 Colu'mnar. } adj. [from column.] 
 Columna'rian. J Formed in colmnns. 
 
 White columnar spar, out of a stone-pit. 
 
 Woodu-ard on Fi^ils. 
 
 CoLu'Rfis. n. s. [coluri, Lat ; xcXoy^oi.] 
 
 Two great circles supposed to pass through the 
 poles ot the world : one through the equiiK)Ctial 
 points, Aries and Libra ; the "other through the 
 solstitial piiints. Cancer and Capricorn. Tliey are 
 called the equinoctial and solstitial colures, and di- 
 vide the ecliptick into four equal parts. The 
 points where they intersect the ecliptick are call- 
 ed the cardinal points. Harris. 
 
 Thrice the equinoctial line 
 He circled ; four times cross'd the car of niiiht 
 From pole to pole, traversing each colure. Slilton. 
 
 CO'MA. Tj.f. [xufta.] A morbid disposi- 
 tion to sleep ; a lethargy. 
 
 Co'mart. n.s. This word, which I have 
 only met with in one place, seems to sig- 
 nify treaty ; article ; from con, and mart, 
 or market. 
 
 By the same comart. 
 And carriau'c of the articles desiun'd. 
 
 His fell to tlamiet. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 COM 
 
 Co'm ATE. n.s. [con and mo/r.]Companion. 
 
 Aly cornates and brothers in exile. 
 
 Shakerp Asyou Uke it. 
 CoMATo'sE. adj. [from coma.] Lethar- 
 gick ; sleepy to a disease. 
 
 Our best castor is from Kussia; the great and 
 principal use whereof, is in hysterical and ctmuttoM 
 cases. Greic. 
 
 COMB in the end, and CoMP in the be- 
 ginning, of names, seem to be derived 
 from the British kum, which signifies a 
 low situation. (jibsun's Camden. 
 
 Comb, in f'orwiiA, signifies a valley, and 
 had the same meaning anciently in the 
 French tongue. 
 
 COMB. n. s. [camb, Sax.; kum, Out.] 
 
 1. An in.strument to separate and adjust 
 the hair. 
 
 liy fair Ligea's golden comb. 
 Wherewith she sits on diamond rocks. 
 Sleeking her soft alluring locks. Milton. 
 
 I made an instrument in fashion of a comb, 
 whose teeth, being in number sixteen, were about 
 an inch and a half hr< ad, and the intervals of the 
 teeth about two inches wide. Ncteton. 
 
 2- The top or crest of a cock, so called 
 from its pectinated indentures. 
 
 Cocks have great combs and spurs, liens little or 
 none'. Bacon. 
 
 High was his comb, and coral-red withal. 
 With dents embattled like a easlle wall. Drvden. 
 
 3. The cavities in which the bees lodge 
 their honey. Perhaps from the same 
 word which makes the termination of 
 towns, and signifies liollotv or deep. 
 
 1 his in alTuirs of ^tate, 
 Employ'd at home, abides w ithin the gate. 
 To fortify the comlts, to build the wall. 
 To l>rop the ruins, le«t the fabrick fall. Dry. ^Vgi/. 
 
 To Co.MB. J', a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To divide, and clean, and adjust the 
 hair with a comb. 
 
 Her care shall be 
 To condi your noddle with a ihree-legg'd stool. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Divers with us, that are grown grey, and yet 
 would appear ^oung, find lueans to make their 
 hair black, by combing it, as they say, with a lead- 
 en comb, or the like. " " Bacon. 
 
 She with ribbons tied 
 His tender neck, and comb'd his silken hide. 
 
 Drydcn's.-Eneid. 
 
 There was a sort of engine, from which were 
 
 extended twenty long poles, wherewith the maa- 
 
 mountain combs his head. Su-ifi. 
 
 2. To laj' any thing consisting of filaments 
 smooth, by drawing tlirough narrow in- 
 terstices ; as, to comb tcool. 
 
 Comb-brush, n.s. [comb and brush.] A 
 
 brush lock an combs. 
 Comb-maker, n.s. [comb and maker.] 
 
 One wliose trade is to make combs. 
 This wood is of use for the turner, engraver, 
 
 carver, and combmaker. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To CO MEAT. i'.7j. [combattre. Ft.] 
 
 1. To fight : generally in a duel, or hand 
 to hand. 
 
 Pardon mo, 1 will not combat in my shirt. 
 
 S^taketp. 
 
 2. To act in opposition, as the acid and 
 alkali combat. 
 
 Two planets rushing from aspect malign 
 Of fiercest ojipositioiMn raid sky. 
 Should coudtat, and their janiug spheres confound. 
 
 Mitton. 
 
 To Combat, r. a. To oppose ; to fight. 
 
 Their oppressors have changed the scene, and 
 combuted the opinions in their true shape. 
 
 Decay (f Piety. 
 
 343
 
 COM 
 
 Love yields at last, rhua ccmhated by pride, 
 And she submits to be the Roman's bride. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Co'mbat. n.s. [from the verb.] Contest; 
 battle ; duel ; strife ; opposition : gene- 
 rally between two, but sometimes it is 
 used for battle. 
 
 Those reeions were full both of cruel monsters 
 and monstrous men ; all Mhich, by private com- 
 bats, thev delivered the countries of. Sidney. 
 
 The noble combat that, 'twixt joy and sorrow, 
 was foui;ht in Paulina ! She had one eye declined 
 for the toss uf her husband, another elevated that 
 the oracle was fulfilled. Shakesp. 
 
 The combat now by courage must be tried. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Co'mbatant. n.s. [comhattant, Fr/] 
 
 1. He that fights with another; duellist; 
 antagonist in arms. 
 
 So frown'd the mighty combatants, that hell 
 Grew darker at their frown. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 Who, single combatant, 
 Duel'd their armies rank'd in proud array. 
 Himself an army. Milton's .igonistes. 
 
 He with his sword unshealh'd, on pain of life. 
 Commands both combatants to cease tlieir strife. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Like despairing combatants they strive against 
 
 yon, as if they had beheld unveiled the mairical 
 
 shield ol Ariosto, which dazzled the behofders 
 
 with loo much brightness. Dryden. 
 
 2. A champion. 
 
 When any of tljese combatants strips his terms 
 of ambiguity, I shall think him a champion for 
 knowledge. _ Locke. 
 
 3. With /or before the thing defended. 
 Men become combatants Jor those opinions. 
 
 Locke. 
 Co'mber. ti.s. [from fomA.] He whose 
 trade it is to disentangle wool, and lay 
 it smooth for the spinner. 
 Co'mbinate. adj. [from combine.] Be- 
 trothed ; promised ; settled by compact. 
 A word of .Shakespeare. 
 
 She lost a noble brother ; with him tl:e sinew 
 
 of her fortune, her marriage dowry : with both, 
 
 her cumiiinate husband, this well-seeming Angelo. 
 
 Shakesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 Combina'tion. n.s. [Irom combine.] 
 
 1 . Union for some certain purpose ; asso- 
 ciation ; league. A combination is of 
 private persons ; a confederacy, of states 
 or sovereigns. 
 
 This cunning cardinal 
 The articles o' th' combiiuition drew'. 
 As himself pleas'd. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 2. It is now generally used in an ill sense : 
 but was formerly indifferent. 
 
 They aim to .^et all to ihcir own will and pow- 
 er, un^er the disguises of holy combinations. 
 
 King Cliarles. 
 S. Union of bodies, or qualities; commix- 
 ture ; conjunction. 
 
 These natures, from the moment of their first 
 combination, have been and are for ever insepara- 
 ble. Hooker. 
 
 Resolution of compound bodies by fire, does 
 not so much enricli mankind as it divides the bo- 
 dies; as upon tlie score of its makhig new com- 
 pounds by new combinations. Boyle. 
 
 Ingratitude is alway's in combination with pride 
 and hard-heartedness. South. 
 
 4. Cojjulation of ideas in the mind. 
 
 Thev never sutler any ideas to be joined in their 
 understandings, in any other or stronger combina- 
 tion than what their own nature and correspon- 
 dence give Ihem. Locke. 
 
 5. Combination is used in mathematicks, 
 to denote the variation or alteration of 
 any number of quantities, letters, sounds, 
 
 COM 
 
 or the like, in all the different manners 
 po.ssible. Thus the number of possible 
 changes or comhinations of the twenty- 
 four letters of the alphabet, taken first 
 two by two, then three by three, &c. 
 amount to l,391,7-24,288,887,252,999, 
 425,128,493,402,200. Chambers. 
 
 To COMBINE. V. a. [combiner, Fr, binos 
 jungere, Lat.] 
 
 1. To join together. 
 
 Let us not then suspect our happy state, 
 As not secure to single or combind. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 2. To link in union. 
 
 God, the best maker of all marriages. 
 Combine your hearts in one, your realms in one. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Friendship is the cement which really combines 
 mankind. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 3. To agree ; to accord ; to settle by com- 
 pact. 
 
 JMy heart's dear love is set on his fair daughter ; 
 As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine. 
 And all combind, save what thou must combine 
 By holy marriage. Shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 4. Tojoin words or ideas together : oppo- 
 sed to analyse. 
 
 To Combi'ne. v. n. 
 
 1 . To coalesce ; to unite each with other. 
 Used both of things and persons. 
 
 Honour and policy, like uusever'd friends 
 1' th' war, do grow together : grant that, and tell 
 
 me 
 In peace what each of them by th' other loses. 
 That they combine not there ? 'Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. To unite in friendship or design. 
 Combine together 'gainst the enemy ; 
 
 For these doinestick and particular broils 
 
 Are not the question here. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Vou with your foes combine. 
 And seem your own destruction to design. 
 
 Dnjdcn's Anrengzebe. 
 
 Co'mbless. adj. [from comb.] Wanting 
 a comb or crest. 
 
 What, is your crest a coxcomb ?^— 
 — A combtei cock, so Kate will be my hen. Shak. 
 
 COMBU'ST. adj. [from comburo, combus- 
 tum, Lat.] 
 
 When a planet is not above eight degrees and a 
 half distant from tlie sun, eitlier before or after 
 him, it is said to be combust, or in combustum. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Combu'stible. adj. [co7nburo, combus- 
 tum, Lat.] Having the quality of catch- 
 ing fire ; susceptible of fire. 
 
 Charcoals, made out of the wood of oxycedar, 
 are white, because their vapours are rather sulphu- 
 reous than of any other ci>mf)itsfi6/e substance. 
 
 Broim'sVulg.Err. 
 Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible matter ; 
 it assimilates before it destroys it. South. 
 
 They are but strewed over with a little peni- 
 tential ashes : and will, as soon as they meet with 
 combustible matter, flame out. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 The flame shall still remain ; 
 Nor, till the fuel perish, can decay. 
 By nature form'd on things combiistible to prey. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Combu'stibleness. n.s. [(rom combus- 
 tible.] Aptness to take fire. 
 CoMEu'sTloN. n. s. [French.] 
 
 1 . Conflagration ; burning ; consumption 
 by fire. 
 
 The future comfciisf ion of the earth is to be usher- 
 ed in and accompanied with violent impressions 
 upon nature. Burnet. 
 
 2. Tumult ; hurry ; hubbub ; bustle ; hui-- 
 ly burly. 
 
 C O M 
 
 Mutualcomfcurfiom, bloodsheds, and wastes ma^ 
 enforce them, through very faintness, after the ex- 
 perience of so endless miseries. Hooker. 
 
 Prophesying, with accents terrible. 
 Of dire combustion, and confus'd events, 
 New-hatch'd to th' woeful time. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 Those cruel wars between the houses of York 
 and Lancaster, brought all England into an horri- 
 ble combustion. Raleigh. 
 
 How much more of pow'r, 
 Army against army, numberless to raise 
 Dreadful combustion warring, and disturb, 
 Though not destroy, their happy native seat ! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 But say, from whence this new combustion 
 sprnigs? Dryden. 
 
 The comet moves in an inconceivable fury and 
 combustion, and at the same time with an exact re- 
 gularity. Addison's Guardian, 
 
 7b COME. V. n. pret. came, particip. 
 come.] coman. Sax. komen, Dut. kom- 
 men. Germ.] 
 
 1. To remove from a distant to a nearer 
 place ; to arrive : opposed to go. 
 
 And troubled blood through his pale face was 
 seen 
 To come and go, with tidings from the heart. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Cffisar will come forth to-day. Shak. Julius Cacs. 
 Coming to look on you, thinking you dead, 
 I spake unto the crown as having sense. 
 
 Shakesp. HenrylV. 
 The colour of the king doth come and go. 
 Between his purpose and liis conscience. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 The Christians having stood almost all the day 
 
 in order of battle, in the sight of the enemy, vainly 
 
 expecting when he should come forth to give them 
 
 battle, returned at night unto their camp. 
 
 Ktwlles's H'lst. oj'the Turks. 
 'Tis true, that since the senate's succour came, 
 Thev grew more bold. Druden's Tyrannick Love. 
 
 This Christian woman ! 
 All ! there the mischief comfs. Roue's Royal Convert. 
 
 2. To draw near; to advance towards. 
 By the pricking of my thumbs. 
 
 Something wicked tliis way comes. S/iafcesp. Macb. 
 
 3. To move in any manner towards ano- 
 ther ; implying the idea of being re- 
 ceived by another, or of tending towards 
 another. The word alwa3-s respects 
 the place to which the motion tends, 
 not that place which it leaves; yet this 
 meaning is sometimes almost evanescent 
 and imperceptible. 
 
 1 did hear 
 The ealloping of horse : who was't came by ? 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, 
 and we will come in to dinner. 
 
 Shakesj}. Merchant ff Venice. 
 
 As soon as the commandment cume abroad, the 
 children of Israel brought in abundance the first 
 fruits. 2 Chronicles. 
 
 Knowledge is a thing of their own invention, 
 or which they come to by fair reasoning, 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 It is impossible to come near your lordship, at 
 any time, without receiving some favour. Cojio-reuf. 
 
 None may come in view but such as are perti- 
 nent. Locke. 
 No perception of bodies, at a distance, may be 
 accounted for by the motion of particles coming 
 from them, and striking on our organs. Locke. 
 
 IThey take the colour of what is laid before 
 them, and as soon lose and resign it to the next 
 that happens to come in their way. Locke. 
 
 God has made the intellectual world harmoni- 
 ous and beautiful without us ; but it will never 
 come into our heads all at once. Locke. 
 
 4. To proceed ; to issue. 
 
 Behold, my son, which came forth of my bowels, 
 seeketh my life. 2 Sam. xvi.ll 
 
 5. To advance from one stage or condition 
 to another. 
 
 344
 
 COM 
 
 Trust me, I am exceeding weaiy.— — 
 —Is it dime to lliatr I hart thoiiglit weariness 
 durst not liave attacked one of so hii;li blood. 
 
 Shahtsp. Henry I \ . 
 
 Thongh he would after have turned liis teeth 
 upon Spain, vet he was taken order with before it 
 came to that. ,. . , ««''™- 
 
 .Seditious tumults, and seditious fames, ditlur 
 no more but as brother and sister; if it come to 
 that, that the best actions of a state ate taken in 
 an ill sense and traduced. Bacm. 
 
 His soldiers had skirmishes with theNumidians. 
 so that once the skirmish was like to come to a 
 just battle. KnoUes. 
 
 When it came to that once, they that had most 
 flesh wished they had had less. VEstTange. 
 
 Every new sprung passion is a part of the 
 action, "except we conceive nothing action till the 
 players come to blows. Dryden. 
 
 The force whereby bodies cohere is very much 
 greater when they 'come to immediate contact, 
 tlian when they are at ever so small a finite dis- 
 tance. Cheyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 6. To be brought to some condition either 
 for better or worse, implying some de- 
 gree of casualty: with to. 
 
 One said lo Arisiippus, 'lis a strange thing why 
 men should rather give to the poor than to philo- 
 sophers. He answered, because they think them- 
 selves may sooner come to be poor than to he |)hi- 
 losophers. Bacon's Apophthegms. 
 
 His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not. 
 
 Job. 
 
 He being come to the estate, keeps a busy family. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 You were told your master had gone toataveni, 
 and come to some mischance. Su-ift. 
 
 7. To attain any condition or character. 
 
 A serpent ere he comes to be a dragon. 
 Does cat a bat. Ben Jomons Cataline. 
 
 He wonder'd how she came to know 
 What he had done and meant to do. Hudibras. 
 
 The testimony of conscience, thus informed, 
 comes to be so authentick, and so much to be 
 relied upon. South. 
 
 8. To become. 
 
 So come I a widow ; 
 And never shall have lengtli of life enough 
 To rain upon remembrance with mine eves. 
 
 Shakesp. lienry IV. 
 W^hen he returns from hunting, 
 I will not speak with him ; say I am sick. 
 If you come slack of former services, 
 You shall do well. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 How came the publican justified, but by a short 
 and humble iirayer? Duppa^s Jinles for Devotion. 
 
 9. To arrive at some act or habitj or dis- 
 position. 
 
 They would quickly come to have a natural ab- 
 horrence for that which they found made them 
 sliglited. Locke. 
 
 10. To change from one state into another 
 desired ; as the butter comes, when the 
 parts begin to separate in the cliurn. 
 
 It is reported, that if you lay good store of ker- 
 nels of grapes about the root of a vine, it will 
 make the vine come earlier, and prosper better. 
 
 Bacon's Kalural History. 
 Then butter does refuse to come. 
 And love proves cross and humoursome. Hudibras. 
 In the coming or sprouting of malt, as it must 
 not come too little, so it must not come too much. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 H. To become present, and no longer 
 future. 
 
 A time will come, when my maturer muse 
 In Cffisar's wars a nobler theme shall chuse. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 12. To become present, and no longer 
 absent. 
 
 That 's ray joy- 
 Not to have seen before ; for nature now 
 Coma all at once, confotmding my delight. 
 
 Dryden's King Arthur, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 COM 
 
 Alcanwhilc the gods the dome of \'ulcan throng, 
 AjJoUo comes, and Neptune co/ne along. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Come then, my friend, my genius, come along. 
 Thou master of the poet aiiij the song ! Pope. 
 
 1 3. To happen ; lo fall out. 
 
 The duke of Coronal, and Regan his du chess, 
 will be here with him this night.— 
 
 — How comes that > Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 14. To befal as an event. 
 
 Let me alone that I may speak, and let come on 
 me what will. Jot, xiii. 18. 
 
 15. To follow as a consequence. 
 
 Those that are kin to the king, never prick 
 their fingers but they say, there is some of the 
 king's blood siiilt. How Vomes that? says he, that 
 takes upon him not to cimceiye : the answer is, 
 I am the king's poor cousin. Sir. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 10. To cease very lately frum some act or 
 
 state ; to have just done or suffered any 
 
 thing. 
 
 David said unto Uriah, earnest thou not from 
 thy journey? 2 Samuel, xi. 10. 
 
 17. To come about. To come to pass ; to 
 fall out; to come into being. Probably 
 from the French venir a bout. 
 
 And let me speak to th' yet unknowing world. 
 How these things came about. Sliakesp. 
 
 That cherubim, which now appears as a God to 
 a human soul, knows very well that the period 
 will come about in eternity, when the human soul 
 shall be as perfect as he fiimself now is. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 I conclude, however it comes about, that tbirigs 
 are not as they should be Swift. 
 
 How comes it about, that, for above sixty years, 
 aft'airs have been placed in the hands of new men. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 18. To come about. To change ; to come 
 round. 
 
 The wind came aboiU, and settled in the West 
 • for many days. Bacon's New Atlantis. 
 
 On better thoughts, and my urg'd reasons, 
 They are come about, and won to the true side. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 19. To come again. To return. 
 
 There came water thereout ; and w hen he had 
 drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived. 
 
 Judges, XV. 19. 
 
 20. To come after. To follow. 
 
 If any man will come after me. let him deny 
 himself, and take up his cross and follow me. 
 
 Matthew, xvi. 24. 
 •21. To come at. To reach ; to get withui 
 the reach of; to obtiiin ; to gain. 
 
 Neither sword nor sceptre can come at consci- 
 ence ; but it is above and beyond the reach of 
 both. Suckling. 
 
 Cats will eat and destroy yonr niarum, if they 
 can come at it. Evelyn's Kalendar. 
 
 In order to come at a true knowledge of our- 
 selves, we should consider how far we may deserve 
 praise. .iddison. 
 
 Nothing makes a woman more esteemed by the 
 opposite sex than chastity, and we always prize 
 those most who are hardest to come at. .-Iddis. Spcct. 
 •22. To come by. To obtain ; to gain ; to 
 acquire. This seems an irregular .ind 
 improper use, but has very powerful 
 
 authorities. 
 
 Things most needful to preserve this life, are 
 most prompt and easy for all living creatures lo 
 come by. ' Hooker. 
 
 Love is like a child. 
 That longs for every thing that he can come by. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Thy case 
 Shall be mv precedent; a's thou got'st Jlilan, 
 I'll come 6i/ ^aples. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Are you not ashamed to inforce a poor widow 
 to so rough a cotirse to come by her own ? 
 
 'Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 COM 
 
 The ointment wherewith this is done is made 
 of divers ingredients, whereof the strangest and 
 hardest to come by is the moss of a dead man 
 unburied. Baam'i Satural Hittary. 
 
 And with that wicked lye 
 A letter the^" came by. 
 
 From our king's majesty. Denham. 
 
 He tells a sad stoy, how hard it was for him 
 
 to come bii the book of'^l rigantius. klillingfteet . 
 
 Amidst your train this unseen judge will wail, 
 
 Examine how you came by all your slate. 
 
 Dryd^n'i Anrengzebi. 
 
 23. To come in. To enter. 
 
 What, are you there ? come in, and give some 
 help. ' Shakeip. 
 
 The simple ideas, united in the same subject, 
 are as periectly distinct as those that come in by 
 different senses. I^ccke. 
 
 24. To come in. To comply; to yield; 
 to hold out no longer. 
 
 If the arch-rebel I \ rone, in the lime of these 
 
 wars, should offer to come in and submit himself 
 
 to her majesty, would you not have him received ? 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 25. To come in. To arrive at a port, or 
 place of rendezvous. 
 
 At what time our second fleet, which kept the 
 
 narrow seas, was come in and joined to our main 
 
 fleet. Bacon. 
 
 There w-as the Plymouth squadron now come in. 
 
 Which in the Sueights last winter was abroad 
 
 Dryden. 
 20. To come in. To become modish ; to 
 be brouglit into use. 
 
 Then came lich cloaths and graceful action in. 
 Then instruments were taught more moving notes. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Silken garments did not come in till late, and 
 
 the use of them iu men was often restrained by law . 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 27. To come in. To be an ingredieut; 
 to make part of a composition. 
 
 A generous contempt of that iu w Inch too many 
 
 men place their happiness, must come in to 
 
 h^ ighlen his character. Atterbury. 
 
 28. To come in. To accrue from an es- 
 tate, trade, or otherwise, as gain. 
 
 I had rather be mad with him that, w hen he had 
 nothing, Ihoucht all the shijis that came into tlic 
 harbour his ; ihan with you that, w hen you have so 
 much coming in. think you have nothing Suckling. 
 
 29. To come in. To be gained iu abun- 
 dance. 
 
 Sweetheart, we shall be rich ere we depart. 
 If fairings come thus plentifully tu. Shakesp. 
 
 30. To come in fur. To be early enougn 
 to obtain: taken from hunting, where 
 the dogs that are slow get notliing. 
 
 Shape and beauty, worih and education, wit 
 and understanding," gentle nature and agreeable 
 humour, honour and virtue, were to come in jcr 
 their share of such contracts. Temple, 
 
 If thinking is essential to matter, stocks and 
 stones w ill come in for their share of privilege. 
 
 CollieronThought. 
 
 One who had in their rear excluded been, 
 And could not/or a taste o' tli' flesh come in. 
 Licks the solid earth. Tale's Juienal. 
 
 The rest came in/or subsidies, whereof ihejr 
 sunk considerable sums. Swijt. 
 
 31. To come in to. Tojoin with ; tobring 
 help. 
 
 They marched to Wells, where the lord Audley, 
 with whom their leaders had before secret intelli- 
 gence, came in to them ; and was by them, with 
 great gladness and cries of joy. accepted as their 
 General. "Bacon's Henrv Vll. 
 
 3'2. To come into. To comply with; to 
 agree to. 
 
 The fame of their virtues will make men ready 
 to come into every thing that is done for the pub- 
 lick good. .ittemay. 
 
 Yy 
 
 345
 
 COM 
 
 33. To come near. To approach; to resem- 
 ble in excellence: a metaphor from races. 
 
 VVhum Y<Hi cannot equal (»r come near in doing, 
 ^■ou would destroy or ruin with evil s|-'c:iking. 
 
 Ben Jonsons Discoveries. 
 
 The whole atcliieved with sucli admirable in- 
 vention, that notliing ancient or modern seems to 
 come mar it. Temple. 
 
 34. To come of. To proceed, as a de- 
 scendant from ancestors, 
 
 ()/' Priam's royal race my mother ctrmt?. 
 
 Drijdeii's ^JCneid. 
 
 Self-love is so natural an infirmity, that itmakes 
 us partial even to those that come of us*, as well as 
 ourselves. L' Estrange. 
 
 3.>. To come of. To proceedj as effects 
 from their causes. 
 
 U'ill you please, Sir, be gone ; 
 1 tuld you what would come o/'this. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter^s Tale. 
 Tlic hiccough comes o/" fulness of meat, especi- 
 ally in children, which causeth an e.\.ten§ion of 
 the stomach. Bacon. 
 
 This ciwc^inf judging by the eye, without eun- 
 sidting the reason. L'Estrunge. 
 
 My young master, whatever comes out, must 
 have a wife looked out for him by that time he is 
 of age. Locke. 
 
 3G. To come off. To deviate; to dejiart 
 from a ride or direction. 
 
 The figure of a bell partaketli of the pyramis, 
 but yet comijig o/f'and dilating nmrc suildenl3'. 
 
 Bacoji^s Natural History. 
 
 37. To come off. To escape ; to get free. 
 
 I knew the foul enchanter, though disguis'd ; 
 Enter'd the very lime-twigs of his spells, 
 And yet came off. Milton. 
 
 How thou wilt here come off, surmounts my 
 reach. Milton. 
 
 If, njion such a fair and full trial, he can come 
 ojf,he is then clear and innocent. South. 
 
 Those that are in any signal danger implore his 
 aid ; and, if they crnne off' safe cajl their lieliver- 
 ance a miracle. Addison. 
 
 38. To come off. To end an affair; to 
 take good or bad fortune. 
 
 Oh, bravely ctinze we njf', 
 "When with a volley of our needless shot. 
 After such bloody toil, we bid good-night. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Ever since Spain and England liave had any 
 thing to debate one with the other, the English, 
 upon all encounters, have come off' with honour 
 and the better. Bacoji. 
 
 We must expect sometimes to come off" hv the 
 ■rt'orst, before we obtain the final conquest. Calam}^. 
 
 He oft, in such attempts as these. 
 Came o^'with glor^- and success. Hudibras. 
 
 39. To come off from, 'lo leave; to forbear. 
 
 T(t come off Jrom these grave disquisitions, I 
 would clear the point by one instance more. 
 
 Felton on the Classicks. 
 
 40. To come on. To advance; to make 
 progress. 
 
 Things seem to come on apace to their former 
 state. Bacon. 
 
 There was in the camp both strengtli and 
 victual sufficient for the obtaining of the victory, 
 if they would not protract tiie war uTitil winter 
 were comeon. KnoUes's History. 
 
 The seactnnemt, the south with mighty roar 
 Dispers'd and dash'd the rest upon the rocky 
 shore. Dryden. 
 
 So travellers, who waste the day. 
 Noting at length the setting sun, 
 They mend tlieir pace as nightco/neson. Granville. 
 
 41. To come on. To advance to combat. 
 
 The great ordnance once discharged, the armies 
 came fast on, and joined battle. 
 
 Knodes's Historu of the Turks. 
 
 Rhymer, come on, and do the worst y(m can ; 
 T fear not you, nor yet a belter man. Drijilen. 
 
 42. To come on. To thrive; to grow big; 
 to gtow. 
 
 COM 
 
 Come tm, poor bal)e-, 
 Some powerful spirit instruct the kites and raven' 
 To be tliv nurses. Sliakcsp. Winter's Telle 
 
 It sliould seem by tlic experiuKMits, botii of the 
 malt and of the roses, (hat they "ill come far 
 faster on in water than in earth ; tor the nourish- 
 ment is easier drawn out of water than out of 
 eartlh Bacons Notural History. 
 
 43. To come over. To repeat an act. 
 
 44. To come over. To revolt. 
 
 They are |ierpctually ter/ing their friends to 
 
 omie arer to them. Aililison's Spectator. 
 
 A man, in changing his si<le, not only makes 
 
 himself hated by those lie left, but is seldom 
 
 heartily esteemed by those he comes over to. 
 
 Ailiimms Spectator. 
 ■15. To come over. To rise in distillation. 
 
 Perhaps also the phleginalick licpior, that is 
 
 wont to rimie over in this analysis, may, at least 
 
 as to part of it, be produced by the ojieration of 
 
 the (ire. lioiile. 
 
 4G. To come out. To be matle publick. 
 
 Before his book cameonl, 1 had undertaken llie 
 answer of several others. Stillingjleel. 
 
 I liave been tedious; and, which is worse, it 
 comes out from the first draught, and uncorrected. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 47. To come out. To appear upon trial ; 
 to be discovered. 
 
 It is indeed come nut at last, that We are to look 
 on the saints as inferior deities. Stillingfleet. 
 
 Tlie weight of tlie denarius, or the seventh of 
 a Roman ounce, comes out sixty-two grains and 
 four-seventlis. Arbuihnot. 
 
 48. To come out with. To give a vent to ; 
 to let fly. 
 
 Those great masters of chymical arcana must 
 be provoked, before they will come out with them. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 49. To come to. To consent or yield. 
 What is this, if my parson will not come to? 
 
 Swift 
 
 50. To come to. To amount to. 
 
 The emperour imposed so great a custom upon 
 all corn to be transported out of Sicily, that the 
 very customs came to as nnich as both the price of 
 the corn and the freight tcjgether. 
 
 KnoUes's History of the Turks. 
 
 You saucily pretend to know 
 More than your dividend conies to. Hudibras. 
 
 Animals either feed upon vegetables immedi- 
 ately, or, which comes to the same at last, upon 
 other animals which have fed upon them. 
 
 Woodward's Natural Historij. 
 
 He pays not this tax immediately, yet his 
 purse will find it by a greater want of money than 
 that dimes to. Locke. 
 
 51. To come to himself. To recover his 
 senses. 
 
 He falls into sweet ecstacy of joy, wherein I 
 shall leave him till he comes to himself. Temple. 
 
 52. To come to pass. To be effected ; to 
 fall out. 
 
 Il Cometh, we grant many times to pass, tliat the 
 works of men being the same, their drifts and 
 purpose therein are divers. Hooker. 
 
 How comes it to pass, that some liquors cannot 
 I^ierce into or moisten some bodies.which are easily 
 pervious to other liquors ? Boyle's Hist, if Firmness. 
 
 53. To come up. To grow out of the 
 ground. 
 
 Over-wet, at sowing-time, with us breedetli 
 much dearth, insomuch as the cum never Cometh 
 "/'. Bacon. 
 
 If wars should mow them down never so fast, 
 yet they may be suddenly supplied, and come up 
 again. Bacon. 
 
 Good intentioTis arc tlie seeds of good actions ; 
 and every man ought to sow them, whether they 
 oime lip or no. Temple. 
 
 54. To come up. To come into use; as, a 
 fashion comes up. 
 
 55. To come up to. To amount to. 
 
 I 
 
 C O I\I 
 
 He prepares for a surrender, asserting that ah 
 
 these will not come up to near the quantity 
 
 re<iuisile. Woo<tuard's Kutural History. 
 
 50. To come up to. To rise; to advance. 
 
 Whose ignorant credulity will not 
 Clime ii;i (I) lb' truth. Shakep. Winter'sTaie. 
 
 Consideratitms there are, that may make us, if 
 not riime uji to the character of those who rejoice 
 ill Iribiilatioiis, yet at least satisfy the duty of be- 
 ing patient. Wake's Prep'aration for Death. 
 
 The vestes hyssinie, which some ladies wore, 
 must liave liren of such extraordinary price, that 
 there is no stulf in our age comes up to it. 
 
 Arbuthnnt on Coins. 
 
 (Vlicn llic heart is full, it is angry at all words 
 that cannot come up to it. Swift. 
 
 57. To come up iciih. To overtake. 
 
 58. To come upon. To invade ; to attack. 
 Three hundred horse, and three thousand foot 
 
 English, coiiimanded by Sir John Norris, were 
 charged by Parma, coming upon them with seven 
 thousand horse. Bacon. 
 
 When old age comes upon him, it comes alone, 
 bringing no oilier evil with it but itself. South. 
 
 59. To come. In futurity; not present; 
 to happen liereafter. 
 
 It servelh to discover (hat which is hid, as well 
 astoforetel that which is to come. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 In tines to come, 
 My waves shall wash the walls of mighty Rome. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Taking a lease of land for years to come, at the 
 
 rent of one hundred pounds. Locke. 
 
 60. Come is a word of which the use is va- 
 rious and extensive, but the radical sig- 
 nification of tendency hitherivard is uni- 
 formly preserved. When we say he 
 came from a place, the idea is that of 
 returning, or arriving, or becoming 
 nearer; when we say he went from a 
 place, we conceive simply departure, or 
 removal to a greater distance. The 
 butter comes; it is passing from its 
 former state to that which is desired ; it 
 is advancing towards us. 
 
 Come, [participle of the verb.] 
 
 Thy words were heard, and I am come to thy 
 words. Daniel. 
 
 Come. A particple of exhortation; be 
 quick ; make no delay. 
 Come, let us make our father drink wine. 
 
 Gen. xix. 32. 
 
 Come. A particle of reconciliation, orin^ 
 citement to it. 
 
 Come, come, at all I laugh he laughs no doubt; 
 The only ditlerence is, I dare laugh out. Pope. 
 Come. A kind of adverbial word for 
 when it shall come ; as, come Wednesday, 
 when Wednesday shall come. 
 
 Come Candlemas, nine years ago she died. Gay. 
 
 Come. n.s. [from the verb.] A sprout: 
 a cant terra. 
 
 That the malt is sulhciently well dried, you may 
 know both by the stale, and also by llie falling 
 ttrt" of the Clime or sprout, iliiirtimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Come'dian. n. *. [{'romco?iiedi/.] 
 
 1. A player or actor of comic parts. 
 
 2. A player in general ; a stage-player ; 
 an actress or actor. 
 
 IMel issarion, jiretty honey-bee, when of a come- 
 dian she became a wealthy man's wife, would be s.i- 
 luted i\Iadani Pithias, or Prudence. 
 
 Camd. Itcmains. 
 
 3. A writer of eoinedies. 
 
 Scaliger willetli us to admire Plautus as acottic- 
 dian, but 'I'erenceasa luireand elegant speaker 
 
 Peachani of Poetry, 
 
 346
 
 C O M 
 
 COMEDY, n. s. [comaliu, Lat.] A dra- 
 matick representation of tlie lighter 
 faults of mankind, with an intention to 
 make vice and folly ridiculous : opposed 
 
 to tragedy. 
 
 Your liunour's players 
 Are come to play a plcasmt camedu- 
 
 Shukesji. Taming of the Slireu.'. 
 
 A long, exact, and serious comedu; 
 In every scene some moral let it teach, 
 'Viid, if it can, at ouce both please and preach. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Co'm eliness. n. s. [from comely.] Grace ; 
 beauty ; dignity. It signifies something 
 less forcible than beaufi/, less elegant 
 than <;racc, and less light than prettiness. 
 
 A careless comeliness with comely care. Siilney. 
 
 The service of God hath not such perfection of 
 grace and comeliness, as wlien the dignity of the 
 jilace doth concur. Hooker. 
 
 They skilled not of the goodly ornaments of 
 poetry, yet were sprinkled with some pretty 
 flowers, which gave good grace and comeliness. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Hardly shall you meet with nran or woman so 
 aged or ill-favoured, but, if you will commend 
 them for comeliness, nay and for youth too, shall 
 take it well. South. 
 
 There is great pulchritude and comeliness of pro- 
 portion in the leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants. 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 A horseman's coat shall hide 
 Thy taper shape, and comeliness of side. Prior. 
 
 COMELY, adj. [from become ; or from 
 cpeman, Sax. to please.] 
 
 1. Graceful; decent; having dignify or 
 grandeur of mein or look. Comeliness 
 seems to be that species of beauty which 
 excites respect rather than pleasure. 
 
 If the principal part of beauty is in decent mo- 
 tion, no marvel though persons in years seem many 
 times more amiable ; for no vouth can be comely 
 but by pardon, and considering the youth as to 
 make up the comeliness. Bacon. 
 
 He that is ccmelv, when old and decrepit, surely 
 ■was very beautiful when he was young. South. 
 
 Thou art a comely, young, and vaUant knight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Used of things, decent ; according to 
 propriety. 
 
 Oh, what a world is this, when what is comely 
 Envenoms him that bears it. Shak. As you Uheit. 
 
 This is a happier and more comelxi time, 
 Than when these fellows rau aboutthe streets. 
 Crying confusion. Shakesp. Coriotanus. 
 
 Comely, adv. [from the adjective.] 
 Handsomely ; gracefully. 
 
 To ride comely, to play al all weapons, to dance 
 
 Cornell/, be very necessary for a courtly gentleman. 
 
 Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Co'mer. ji.s. [from come.] One that 
 comes. 
 
 Time is like a fashionable host. 
 That slightly shakes his parting guest by th' hand ; 
 But with his arms outstreich'd, as he w'ould fly. 
 Grasps in the comer: welcome ever smiles. 
 And farewel goes out si2hing. 
 
 Shakesp. Trail, and Cress. 
 
 \ onrself, renowned prince, then stood as fair. 
 As any comer I have look'd on vet. 
 For my alfeclion. Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 Plants move upwards; but, if the sap puts up 
 '.■o fast, it maketh a slender stalk, which will not 
 supjiort the weight ; and therefore these are all 
 swift and liasty comers. Bacon. 
 
 It is natural to be kmd to the last comer. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Now leave those joys, unsuitins to thy ase. 
 To a fresh comer, arid "resign the stage. " Dryden. 
 
 COM 
 
 Tlie renowned cliampion of our iac?y of Ixrettn, 
 and tlif; miraculous translation of her chapel ; 
 auout which he bath published a defiance to the 
 world, and offers to prove it against all annrm. 
 
 fitiUin^fieet. 
 
 There it is Tiot strange, that the mind should 
 give itself up to the common opinion, or render 
 Itself to the first comer. Locke. 
 
 House and heart are open for a friend ; the pas- 
 sage is ea\v, and not only admits, but even in- 
 vlTes, the comer. South. 
 
 COMET, n.s. [comefa, Lat. a hairy star.] 
 
 A lieavunly body in the planetary ret^ion, ap- 
 pearing suddenly." and agani di^appearlng ; and, 
 during tlie time of its appearance, moving through 
 its proper orbit like a planet. Theorbits of conuts 
 are ellipses, having one of tlieir foci in the centre 
 of the sun; and being very long and eccentrick, 
 they become invisible when in lliat part most re- 
 mote from the sun. Comets, popularly called blaz- 
 ing stars, are distinguished from other stars by a 
 long 1 rain or tail of light, always opposite to the 
 sun : hence arises a popular division of comets into 
 three kinds, bearded, tailed, and haired comets; 
 though the division rather relates to the diti'crent 
 circumstances of the SAiuecomet, than to the phre- 
 nomena of the several. Thus, when the comet is 
 eastward of the sun, and moves from it, the ctrniet 
 is said to be bearded, barbutus, because the light 
 marches before it. When the light is westward of 
 the sun, the comet is said to be tailed, because the 
 train follows it. \Viien the comet and the sun are 
 diametrically opposite, the earth being between 
 them, the train is hid behind the body of the 
 comet, excepting a little that appears around it, in 
 form of a border of hair, hence called crinitus. 
 
 According to Sir Isaac Newton, the tail of a co- 
 met is a verv thin vapour, emitted by the head or 
 nucleus of the comet, ignited by the neighbourhood 
 to the sun ; and this vapour is furnished by the at- 
 mosphere of tlie comet. The vapours of comets be- 
 ing thus dilated, rarefied, and ditTused, may pro- 
 bablv» bv meansof their own gravity, beattraeted 
 down to the | lanets, and become intermingled with 
 their atmospheres. For the conservation of the 
 water and moisture of the planets, comets seem ab- 
 solutelv requisite ; from whose condensed vapours 
 and ex)ialations ail that moisture w hich is spent in 
 vegetations and putrefactions, and turned into dry 
 earth, ma>' be resupplied and recruited ; for all ve- 
 getables increase \vliolIy from fluids, and turn, by 
 putrefaction, into earth. Hence the quantity of 
 dry earth must continually increase, and the moi- 
 sture of the globe decrease, and at last be quite 
 evaporated,if it have not a continual supply. And 
 I suspect, adds Sir Isaac, tliat the spirit which 
 makes the finest, subtilest, and best part of our 
 air, and which is absolutely requisite for the life 
 and being of all things, comes principally from 
 the comets. 
 
 The same great author has computed that the 
 sun's heat, in the comet of 1680, was, to his heat 
 with us at IMidsummer, as twentv-eight thtmsand 
 to one ; and tliat the heat of the body of the comet 
 was near two thousand times as great as that of 
 red-hot iron. He also calculates, that a globe of 
 red-hotiron, of the dimensions of our eartli, would 
 scarce be cool in fifty thousand years. If then 
 the cemef be supposed to cool a hundred limes as 
 fast as red-hot iron, yet, since its lieat was two 
 thousand times greater, supposing it of the big- 
 ness of the earth, it would not be cool in a million 
 of vears. Trevoiu. Chambers. 
 
 And wherefore gaze this goodly company, 
 As if the}' saw some wond'rous monument. 
 Some cometf or unusual prodisy ? 
 
 Shakesti. rami n g (f the Shrew. 
 
 Such his fell glances as the fatal liglU 
 Of staring comets. Crashaw. 
 
 I considered a comet, or in the language of the 
 vulgar, a blazing star, as a sky-rocket di'-charged 
 by an hand that is almighty. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Fierce meteors shoot their arbitrary light, 
 And comets march with lawless horrors bright. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Co'metary. \ (7^//. [from cofntt.] Re- 
 Come'tick. J lating to a comet. 
 
 Refractions of light are in the planetary and co- 
 metary regions, as on our globe. 
 
 Cheyne's Phil. Piin. 
 
 C O M 
 
 CO'MFIT. n.s. [bfllaria aridn, Lat. kon- 
 Jit, Diit. It should seem that both are 
 formed by hasty pronunciation from 
 conj'ect.] A dry sweetmeat ; any kind 
 of ti-uit or root preserved with eiigar, 
 and dried. 
 
 By feeding me on beans and pease. 
 He cratns in nasty crevices, 
 .\nd tunts to comfits by his arts. 
 To make me relish for desserts. Iludihrat. 
 
 To Co'm FIT. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 preserve dry with sugar. 
 
 The fruit that diK'S so quickly waste. 
 Men scarce can see it, much le^s Uste, 
 Thou comjiiest in streets to make it la>t. Couley. 
 
 Co'mfiture. n.s. [from coni/f/, or con- 
 fecture.] Sweetmeat 
 
 From couniry grass to comj'ttures of court. 
 Or city's quelque-choses, let not report 
 My niind transport. Donne. 
 
 To CO'MFORT. v. a. [comfurto, low Lat. 
 Salvia comj'ortat nerves. Schol. SuL] 
 
 1. To strengthen ; to enliven ; to invigo- 
 rate. 
 
 The evidence of God's own testimony, added 
 unto the natural assent of reason, concerning the 
 certainty of them, doth not a little comfort and. 
 confirm the same. Hooker. 
 
 Light escelleth in comforting the spirits of men r 
 light varied doth the same effect, wiih more no- 
 velty. This is tlie cause why precious stones 
 comfort. Bacons Natural History. 
 
 Some of the abbots had been guilty of c<jm/i?rt- 
 ing and assisting the rebels. Aylif'e's Parergon. 
 
 2. To console: to strengthen the minil 
 under the pressure of calamity. 
 
 They bemoanetl him, and comforted him, over 
 all the"evil that the Lord had brought upon him. 
 
 Jo6,ilii. 11. 
 
 Co'm FORT. n.s. [fiom the verb.] 
 
 1. Support; assistance; countenance. 
 
 Poynings raa<ie a wild chace upon the wild 
 Irish"; where, in respect of the mountains and 
 fastnesses, he did litde good, which he would 
 needs impute unto the comfort that the rebels 
 should receive underhand froin the earl of Kildare. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The king did also appoint commissioners for 
 the fining of all such as were of any value, and 
 had any band or partaking in the aid or comfort of 
 Perkins, oi the Cornishmen. Bacon. 
 
 2. Consolation; support under calamity 
 or danger. 
 
 Her soul heaven's queen, whose name she bears. 
 In comfn^ of her mother's fears. 
 Hath plac'd among her virgin train. 
 
 Ben Jonaon. 
 
 As they have no apprehension of those things, 
 so they need no comfort against them. TJU'ts^m. 
 
 3. That which gives consolation or sup- 
 port in calamity. 
 
 I will keep her ign'rant of her good, 
 To make her heav'nly a^mforts of despair. 
 When it is least expected. 
 
 Shakesp. Measure for Measitrc 
 Your children were vexation to your youth, 
 but mine shall he a comfort to your age. 
 
 SlialsaprRiclutni III. 
 
 We need not fear 
 To pass commodiously this life, sustained 
 By him with many cimtfortf, till we end 
 III dust, (lur liual rest and native home. Hilton. 
 
 Comfortable, adj. [from comfort.] 
 1. Receiving comfort; susceptible of com- 
 fort ; cheerfid: of persons. Not in use. 
 
 For my sake be comtortable ; hold death 
 .\ while at the arm's end. 
 
 Sha]<ea>eart,AiyOHWst i« 
 
 347
 
 COM 
 
 My lord leans wond'rously tu discontent; 
 Hh ciymt'ortabU reniper has fursook Iiim ; 
 He is ii'mcli out of lieallli. S'lakesp. Timoii. 
 
 2. Admitting comfort: ot' condition. 
 
 Wliat can promise him a com/iTfaWf appearance 
 before liis dreadful judge ,' South. 
 
 3. Dispensing comfort; having the power 
 of giving comfort. 
 
 He liad no brotlier, which, tliough it be com- 
 forlulile for liiiigs to have, vet drawcth tlic sub- 
 jects eyes aside. liiicon's Henry \'II. 
 
 The lives of many miserable men were saved, 
 and a cmnjortable provision made for tlieir sub- 
 sistence. Driidcns Fables, Dedicatiim. 
 
 Co'mfortably. adi>. [from comfort uble.] 
 In a comfortable manner ; with cheer- 
 fulness; without despair. 
 
 Upon view of tlie sincerity of tliat performance, 
 hope comfortably and cheerfully for God's per- 
 formance. Hammond, 
 
 Co'mforter. n. s. [from comfort.] 
 
 1. One that administers consolation in 
 misfortunes ; one that strengthens and 
 supports the mind in misery or danger. 
 
 'I'liisvery prayer of Christ obtained angels to be 
 sent him, as comforters in his agony. Hooker. 
 
 The heav'ns have blest you with a goodly son, 
 To be a comforter when he is gone. 
 
 Sltakesp. Bichard III. 
 Nineveh is laid waste, who will bemoan her? 
 whence shall I seek comforters for thee ? 
 
 Neheniiah, iii. 7. 
 
 2. The title of the Third Person of the 
 Holy Trinity; the Paraclete. 
 
 Co'mfortless. adj. [from conifoi't.] 
 Wanting comfort; being without any 
 thing to allay misfortune: used of per- 
 sons as well as things. 
 
 Yet sliall not my death be comfortless, receiving 
 
 it by your sentence. Sidney. 
 
 ^Vhere was a cave, y wroueht wilh woud'rous art. 
 
 Deep, dark, uneasy, doleful, cimi/ertkss. Fairy Q. 
 
 New's fitting to tlie night ; 
 Black, fearful, comfortless, and horrible. _ 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 On thy feet thou stood'st at last. 
 
 Though ccini/iirtkss, as when a father mourns 
 
 His children, all in view destroy 'd at once. Milton. 
 
 That unsociable comfortless deafness had not 
 
 quite tired me. Stcift. 
 
 Co'mfrey. U.S. [cottsolida, L.at. comfrie, 
 Fr.] A plant. Miller. 
 
 Co'mical. adj. \comicus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Raising mirth; merry; diverting. 
 
 The greatest resemblance of our author is in 
 the fannliar stile and pleasing way of relating 
 comical adventures of thai nature. 
 
 Drydens Fables, Preface. 
 Something so comical in the voice and gestures, 
 that a man can hardly forbear being pleased. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. Relating to comedy; befitting comedy; 
 not tragical. 
 
 That ail might appear to be knit up in a comical 
 conclusion, the duke's daughter was afterwards 
 joinerl in marriage to the loril Lisle. Hayward. 
 
 They deny it to be tragical, because its catas- 
 trophe is a wedding, which hath ever been ac- 
 counted comical. Gay. 
 
 Co'mically. adv. [frorn comical.'] 
 
 1. In such a manner as raises mirth. 
 
 2. In a manner befitting comedy. 
 Co'micalness. n. «. [from comical.] The 
 
 quality of being comical ; the power of 
 
 raising mirth. 
 CO'MICK. adj. [comicus, Lat. comique, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. Relating to comedy ; nottragick. 
 
 C O M 
 
 I never yet the tragick muse essay'd, 
 Deterr'd by thy iiiiniitahle maid ; 
 And when I venture at the comick stiie, 
 'Ihy scornful lady seems to inock my toil. Waller. 
 
 A comick subject hnes an humble verse; 
 Tliyesles scorns a low and comick stile ; 
 Yet comedy sometimes may raise lier voice. Rose. 
 
 Thy trajjick muse gives smiles, thy comick sleep. 
 
 Dryden. 
 2. Raisinpr mirth. 
 
 Stalely triumphs, mirthful comick shows, 
 Such as befit the pleasure. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Co'ming. n. s. [from To come.] 
 
 1. The act of coming; approach. 
 
 Wliere art thou, Adam ! wont with joy to meet 
 ]\Iy coming, seen far ulV? Milton s Puradise Lost. 
 
 Sweet the coming on 
 Of grateful evening mild. Miitons Paroilise Lost. 
 
 2. State of being come ; arrival. 
 
 May 't please you, noble Madam, to withdraw 
 Into your private chamber ; we shall give you 
 The full cause of our co/ning. Shakesp. HenruYlll. 
 
 Some people in America counted their years by 
 tlie coming of certain birds amongst them at their 
 certain seasons, and leaving them at dIUcts. Locke. 
 
 Coming-in. n.s. Revenue; income. 
 
 Here's a small trifle of wives; eleven widows 
 and nine maids is a simple coming-in for one man. 
 
 Shakes]). 
 
 What are thv rents? what are thy comings-in? 
 ceremony, shew me but thy worth ! 
 What is thy toll, O adoration ? Shak. Henry V. 
 
 Coming, participal adj. [from come.] 
 
 1 , Fond; forward; ready to come. 
 
 Now will 1 be your Rosalind in a. more coming 
 on disposition ; and, ask me what you will, I wifl 
 grant it. Shakesp. 
 
 That very lapidary himself, with a coming sto- 
 mach, and in trie cock's place, would have made 
 the cock's choice. L'Estrange. 
 
 That lie had been so affectionate a husband, was 
 no ill argument to the coming dowager. Dnjden. 
 
 On morning wings how active springs the 
 mind ! 
 How easy every labour it pursues. 
 How coming to the poet ev'ry muse ! Pope's Hor. 
 
 2, Future ; to come. 
 
 Praise of great acts he scatters, as a seed 
 Which may the like in coming ages breed. Eoscom. 
 
 Comi'tial. adj. [co7nitiaj Lat. an assem- 
 bly of the Romans.] Relating to the 
 assemblies of the people of Rome. 
 
 Co'mity. n.s. [coinilasy Lat.] Courtesy; 
 civility; good -breeding. Diet. 
 
 Co'MMA. n. S. [xo/A^a.] 
 
 1. The point which notes the distinction 
 of clauses, and order of construction, in 
 the sentence ; marked thus [,]. 
 
 Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope. 
 
 2. The ninth part of a tone, or the inter- 
 val whereby a semitone or a perfect tone 
 exceeds the imperfect tone. It is a term 
 used only in theorical rausick, to shew 
 the exact proportions between concords. 
 
 Har. 
 To COMMA'ND. v. a. [commander, Fr. 
 
 mando, Lat.] 
 1. To govern; to give orders to; to hold 
 in subjection or obedience: correlative 
 to obe^. 
 
 Look, this feather. 
 Obeying with my wind when I do blow. 
 And yielding to another when it blows, 
 Commanded always by the greater gust ; 
 Such is the lightness of you common men. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Christ could command legions of angels to his 
 
 rescue. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Should he, who was thy lord, comrnanri thee now 
 
 With a harsh voice, and supercilious brow. 
 
 To servile duties. Drydens Pers. Sat. 5. 
 
 COM 
 
 The queen commands and we'll obey, 
 Over the hills, and far away. Old Song. 
 
 2. To order; to direct to be done : con- 
 ' trary to prohibit. 
 
 My conscience bids me ask, wherefore you have 
 Commanded of me these most pois'nous ■ com- 
 pounds? Shakesp. 
 
 We will sacrifice to the Lord our God, as he 
 shall command us. Ejodns, viii. 27 
 
 Whatever hypocrites austerely talk 
 Of purity, and place, and innocence, 
 Defaming as impure what God declares 
 Pure, and commands to some, leaves free to all. 
 Our maker bids increase : who bids abstain 
 But our deslrnyer, foe to God and man? Milton. 
 
 3. To have in power. 
 
 If the strong cane support thy walking hand. 
 Chairmen no lunger shall the wall commajid. 
 
 Gay's Trivia. 
 
 4. To overlook ; to have so subject as that 
 it may be seen or annoyed. 
 
 Up to the Eastern tower. 
 Whose height commands as subject all the vale. 
 To see the sight. Shakesp. Troilns and Cressida 
 
 His eye might there command wlierever stood 
 Citv, otold or modern fame, the seat 
 Of mightiest empire. Miltnn. 
 
 One side commands a view of the finest garden 
 in the world. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 5. To lead as a general. 
 
 Those he commands move only in command. 
 Nothing in love. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To Comma'nd. r. 71. To have the su- 
 preme authority; to possess the chief 
 power; to govern. 
 
 Those two commanding powers of the soul, the 
 understanding and the will. South. 
 
 Comma'nd. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, The right of commanding; power; su- 
 preme authority ; it is used in military 
 affairs, as magistracy or government in 
 civil life : with over. 
 
 Take pity of your town and of your people. 
 While yet my soldiers are in my command. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry Y, 
 With lightning fill her awful hand, 
 And make the clouds seem all at her command. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 He assumed an absolute command iwer his 
 
 readers. Dryden, 
 
 2, Cogent authority ; despotism. 
 
 Command and furce may often create, but can 
 never cure, an aversion ; and wliatever any one is 
 brought to by compulsion, he will leave as soon 
 as he can. Locke on Education. 
 
 3. The act of commanding; the mandate 
 uttered; order given. 
 
 Of this tree we may not taste nor touch ; 
 God 90 commanded, and left that command 
 Sole daughter of his voice. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 As there is no proliibition of it, so no command 
 for it. ^ Taylor. 
 
 The captain gives command, the joyful train 
 Glide thro' the gloomy shade, and leave the main. 
 
 Dryden.. 
 
 4. The power of overlooking or surveying 
 any place. 
 
 The steepv stand. 
 Which overlooks the vale with wide command. 
 
 Drydens A^neid. 
 Comma'ndeR. ?i.s. [from command.'] 
 1. He that has the supreme authority ; a 
 genei'al ; a leader ; a chief. 
 
 We'll do tliee homage, and be rul'd by thee ; 
 
 Love thee as our commander and our king. Shak. 
 
 1 have given him for a leader and commander to 
 
 the people. Isaiah, Iv. 4. 
 
 The Romans, when commanders in war, spake tu 
 
 their army, and styled them, My soldiers. 
 
 Bacons Apopthegms. 
 
 Charles, Henry, and Francis of France, often 
 
 adventured rather as soldiers than as commanders. 
 
 Haywardt
 
 COM 
 
 Sir Phelim O'Neil appeared as their commander 
 io cl)ief. ^ ^ Clarendon. 
 
 Supreme commander bulli of sea and land. 
 
 }yaller. 
 The heroick action of some great commander, 
 enterprised for tlie common good, and honour of 
 the Christian cause. . Dryden. 
 
 Their great commandms, by credit in llieir ar- 
 mies, fell into tlie scales as a counterjioise to the 
 people. Smjt. 
 
 2. A paving beetle, or a very great wooden 
 mallet, with an handle about tliree foot 
 long, to use in both hands. Mo.ion. 
 
 8. An instrument of surgery. 
 
 The glossocomium, commonly called tlie com- 
 mander, U of use in the most strong tough bodies, 
 and where the lu.valion hath been of long conti- 
 nuance. Wiseman's iinrgery. 
 COMMA'NDERY. fl.s. [from command.] 
 A body of the knights of Malta, be- 
 longing to the same nation. 
 Commandment, n.s. [commandement, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Mandate; command; order; precept. 
 
 They plainly require some special commandment 
 for that which is e.iacted at their hands. Hooker. 
 Say, you chose hiiu more after our command- 
 ment, 
 Thau guided by your own affections. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 By the easy commandment by God given to 
 Adam, to forbear to feed thereon, it pleased God 
 to make trial of his obedience. 
 
 Raleigh's Hist, of the World. 
 
 2. Authority; coactive power. 
 
 I thought that all things had been savage here. 
 And therefore put I on tlie countenance 
 Of stern commaiirfmciK. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 3. By way of eininence, the precepts of the 
 decalogue given by God to Moses. 
 
 And he wrote upon the tables the words of the 
 covenant, and the ten commandments. 
 
 Exodus, xxxiv. 28. 
 
 Comma'ndress. n.s. [from commander.] 
 A woman vested with supreme authority. 
 
 l"o prescribe the order of doing in all thinos, is 
 a peculiar prerogative, which wisdom hath, as 
 queen or sovereign commandresSy overall other vir- 
 tues. Hooker. 
 
 Be 3'ou commandress tlierefore, princess, queen 
 Of all our forces, be thy word a law. Fairfax. 
 
 Commate'rial. adj. [trom con and ma- 
 teria.] Consisting of the same matter 
 with another thing. 
 
 The beaks in birds are commaterial with teeth. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Tlie body adjacent and ambient is not comma- 
 terial, but merely heterogeiieal towards the body 
 to be preserved. Bacon. 
 
 Commateria'lity. 71. ». [from comma- 
 terial.] Resemblance to something in 
 its matter. 
 
 Co'mmeline. n. s. [commelina, Lat.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 Comme'morable. adj. [from commemo- 
 rate.] Deservingtobementioned with ho- 
 nour ; worthy to be kept in reinembrance. 
 
 To Comme'morate. v. a. [con and me- 
 moro, Lat.] To preserve the memory 
 by some public act; to celebrate so- 
 lemnly. 
 
 Such is the divine mercy which we now com- 
 memorate ; and, if we commemorate it, we shall re- 
 joice in the Lord. Fiddes. 
 
 Commemora'tion. n.s. [from comme- 
 morate.] An act of public celebration ; 
 solemnization of the memory of any 
 thing. 
 
 COM 
 
 That wh'icli is daily offered in the church, is a 
 daily commemoration of liiat one sacrifice offered 
 uii tlie cross. Taylor, 
 
 St. Austin believed that the martyrs, when ihe 
 commemorations were made at their own sepulchres, 
 did join their prayers with the churches, in be- 
 half of those who tliere put up their supplications 
 to God. SiiUingHm. 
 
 Commemoration VI ?ii formerly made, with thanks- 
 giving, in honour of good nitni denarltMi this 
 world. Ayiiff'e s Parergon. 
 
 Comme'morative. adj. [from commano- 
 rate.'] Tending to preserve memory of 
 any thing. 
 
 Tiie annual offering of the Paschal Iamb was 
 commemoratice of that first Paschal lamb. Attcrb. 
 
 The original use of sacrifice was commemorative 
 of the original revelation; a sort of daily memorial 
 orrecordof what God declared, and man believed. 
 
 Forbes. 
 
 To COMMENCE, r. n. [commencer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To begin ; to take beginning. 
 
 AVhy hath it given me earnest of success, 
 Commencing in a truth •! Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Man, conscious of his inmiortality, cannot be 
 without concern for that state that is to commence 
 after this life. Rogers. 
 
 2. To take a new character. 
 
 If wit so much from ign'rance undergo, 
 Ah ! let not learning too commence its foe ! Pope. 
 
 To Comme'nce. r.t/. To begin ; to make 
 a beginning of: as, to commence a suit. 
 
 Most shallowiy did you these arms commence. 
 Fondly brought here, and foolishly sent hence. 
 
 Shulicp. 
 
 Comme'ncement. n.s, [£vom commence.] 
 Beginning; date. 
 
 The waters were gathered together into one 
 place, the third day from the commencement of the 
 creation. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 To COMME'ND. i\a. [commendo, Lat] 
 
 1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, 
 or kindness ; to recommend. 
 
 After Barbarossa was arrived, it was known 
 how effectually the chief bassa had commemled 
 liim to Solyman. Knolles's Hint. 
 
 Aranng the objects of knowledge, two espe- 
 cially commend themselves to our contemplation; 
 the knowledge uf God, and the knowledge of our- 
 selves. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Vain-glory is a principle I commend to no man. 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 2. To deliver up with confidence. 
 
 To thee I do commend my watchful soui, 
 Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes : 
 Sleeping and waking, O defend me still ! , 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 Father, into thy hands I comme^idmy spirit. 
 
 Luke. 
 
 3. To praise; to mention with approbation. 
 
 Who is Silvia? What is she. 
 That all our swains commend her? 
 Holy, fair, and wise is she. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Old men do most exceed iu this point of folly, 
 commending the days of their youth they scarce 
 reniembercd, at least well vuiderstood not. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 He lovM my worthless rh^'mes ; and, like a 
 friend, 
 Would find out something to commend. Cou-lcy. 
 
 Historians comjnend Alexander for weeping 
 when he read tjic actions of Achilles. 
 
 Drydens ]'irgil's .-Eneid, Dedication. 
 
 Each finding, like a friend, 
 Soraethin? to blame, and sometliing to commend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. To mention by way of keeping in me- 
 mory ; to recommend to remembrance. 
 
 COM 
 
 Signioi AnUionio 
 Commends him to you. ■ 
 — — Kre I ope his Tetter, 
 1 pray you tell me how my good friend doth. 
 
 Shakep. Merchant cf Venice. 
 5. To produce to favourable notice. 
 
 The chorus was only to give the young ladies 
 
 an occasion of entertaining tfie French kinc wiik 
 
 vocal mubick, and of commending their own voices 
 
 Dryden't Dufrttnoy. 
 
 G. To send. 
 
 These draw tlie chariot which Latinus sends, 
 And the rich present to the prince commends. 
 
 Dryden't A.niid. 
 
 Comme'nd. fi. ». [from the verb.] Com- 
 menilation. Not now in use. 
 
 Tell her 1 send to her my kind commends: 
 Take special care my greetings be deliver'd. 
 
 Shakeip. liichard II. 
 
 Commendable, adj. [from commend.] 
 Laudable ; worthy of praise. Anciently 
 accented on the first syllable. 
 
 And power, unto itself most commendable. 
 Hath not a tomb so evident, as a chair 
 V extol nlnit it hath done. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Order and decent ceremonies in the church, are 
 not only comely, but commendable. 
 
 Bacon s Advice to VUliers. 
 
 Many heroe?, and most worthy persons, bcir.g 
 sufticienlly commendable from true and unques- 
 tionable merit, have received advancement from 
 falsehood. Brown's Vulg. iVr. 
 
 Britannia is not drawn, like other countries, in 
 a soft peaceful posture ; but is adonied with em- 
 blems that mark nut the military genius of her in- 
 habitants. This is, I think, the only commendable 
 quality that the old poets have touehed upon in 
 the description of our country. Addis, em Med. 
 
 Comme'ndably. adv. [from commihda- 
 ble.] Laudably; in a manner worthy 
 of commendation. 
 
 Of preachers the shire holdeth a number, all 
 commendable labouring in their vocation. 
 
 Careu-'s Survey of Comtcall. 
 
 COMME'NDAM. [commenda, low Lat.] 
 
 Commenitam is a benefice, which, being void, is 
 commended to the charge and care of some suffi- 
 cient clerk, to be supplied untU it be conve- 
 niently provided of a pastor. Coicetl. 
 
 It had been once mentioned to him, that hi> 
 peace should be made, if he would resign his bi- 
 shoprick, and deanery of Westminster; for he 
 had that in commeitdam. Clarendon. 
 
 Commend ATARY. n.s. [from comOTen- 
 dam.] One who holds a living in com- 
 mendam. 
 
 Commenda'tion. n.s. [(rom commend.] 
 
 I . Recommenda ion ; favourable repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 This jewel and rav gold are yours, provided I 
 lave y..ur cnmmfndalion for my more free enter- 
 tainment, 'iihakesp. Cymbelinc. 
 The choice of them should he by the commenda- 
 tum of the great otficers of the kingdom. Buc^'i. 
 
 •2. Praise; declaration of esteem. 
 
 His fame would nut get so sweet and noble an 
 air to tiy in as in your^breatli, so could not you 
 find a litter subject of rommfi«iaIi<>«. Sidiiri,'. 
 
 3. Ground of praise. 
 
 Good-nature is the most godlike commendation 
 of a man. Drydens Juvenal, JDtdiciitieii. 
 
 4. Messacre of love. 
 
 Mrs. Prije has her hearty commendalions to you 
 too. " ' Shakesp. 
 
 Hark you, Margaret, 
 No priiicelv commendations to my King! ^ 
 .^— Such ciimmeiirfuti'iis as become a maid, 
 .\ virgin, and his servant, say to him. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry \ 1. 
 
 349
 
 COM 
 
 Comme'ndatorv. adj. [^rom commendJ] 
 Favourably representative ; containing 
 praise. 
 
 It doth much add to a nmu's reimtation, and is 
 like perpetual letters commendatory, to have good 
 forras ; to attain theui, it almost sufficeth nut to 
 despise them. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 We bestow the flourish of poetry on those mm- 
 mendatory cuncfhs, which popularly set forth the 
 cminency of this creuture. Bacon's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 If I can think that neither lie nor you despise 
 me, it is a greater honour to me, by far, than if all 
 the house of lords writ commendatory versos upon 
 roe. Pope. 
 
 Comme'nder. n.s, [from commend.] 
 Praiser. 
 
 Such a concurrence of two extremes, by most 
 of the same commendcis and dispruvers. Wottnn. 
 Commensa'lity. 71. s. [from commcnsa- 
 lis, Lat.] Fellowship of table ; the cus- 
 tom of eatinfT together. 
 
 They being enjoined and proliihifed certain 
 foods, thereby to avoid community with the Gen- 
 tiles, upon promiscuous commtnsulity. 
 
 Browns Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Commensurabi'lity. n. s. [from cotn- 
 mcrtsurahk.] Capacity of being com- 
 pareti with another, as to the measure; 
 or of bting measured by another. Thus 
 an inch and a yard are commensurable, 
 a yard containing a certain number of 
 inches ; the diameter and circumference 
 of a circle are incommensurable, not 
 being reduceable to any common mea- 
 sure. Proportion, 
 
 Some place the essence thereof in the propor- 
 tion of parts, conceiving it to consist in a comely 
 cojnmensitr ability of the whole unto the parts, and 
 the parts between themselves. Bromri. 
 
 Commensurable, adj. [con and men- 
 surOy Lat.] Reducible to some common 
 measure; as a yard and a foot are mea- 
 sured by an inch. 
 
 Comme'nsurableness. n. s. [from com- 
 mensurable.] Commensurability ; pro- 
 portion. 
 
 'i'here is no commensnrahteness between this ob- 
 ject and a created understanding, yet there is a 
 congruity and connaturality. 
 
 Hale's Origi}i of Mankind. 
 
 To COMMENSURATE. v,a, [con and 
 mensura, Lat.] To reduce to some com- 
 mon measure. 
 
 That division is not natural, but artificial, and 
 by agreement, as the aptest terms fo rommeiisn- 
 rate the hmgitudc of places. Brown's Vulg, En\ 
 
 Comme'nsurate. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Reducible to some common measiu-e. 
 
 They permitted no intelligence between them, 
 other than by the medi ation of some organ 
 equally commensurate to soul and body. 
 
 Government of the Tongne. 
 
 2. Equal; questionable to each other. 
 
 Is our knowledge adequately commensurate with 
 the nature of things ? Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Tliuse who are persuaded that they shall conti- 
 nue for ever, cannot chuse but aspire after a liap- 
 piness com7nensurate to their duration. Tillotson. 
 
 Nothing commensurate to the desires of human 
 
 nature, oii which it could fix as its ultimate end, 
 
 without being carried on with any farther desire, 
 
 Rogers's Sermons. 
 
 Matter and gravity are always commetisurate. 
 
 Bentleu- 
 
 Comme'nsurately. adv. [from commen- 
 surateJ\ With the capacity of mea- 
 suring, or being measured by some 
 other thing. 
 
 COM 
 
 We are constrained to make the day serve to 
 measure the year as well as we can, though not 
 commensnrately to each year ; but by collectmg the 
 fraction of da ^ s in several years, till they amount 
 to an even day. Holder on Time. 
 
 Commensura'tion. n,s. [from commen- 
 sui'ateJ] Proportion; reduction of some 
 things to some common measure. 
 
 A body over great, or over small, will not be 
 thrown so far as a body of a middle size ; so that, 
 it seenieth, there must be a comjnensurution or pro- 
 portion between the body moved and the force, 
 to make it move well. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Allfitness lies in a particular commensuratioii, or 
 proportion, of one tiling to another. South. 
 
 To COMMENT, v. n. [commentor, Lat.] 
 I. To annotate ; to write notes upon an 
 author; to expound; to explain : with 
 upon before the thing explained. 
 
 Such are thy secrets, which my life makes good. 
 And comments on thee ; for in ev ry 'hiiig 
 Thy words do find me out, and parallels bring, 
 And in another make me understand. Herbert. 
 
 Criticks having first taken a liking to one of 
 these poets, proceeded to comment on him, and 
 illustrate him. Drydens Juvenal, Dedication. 
 
 They have contented themselves only to com- 
 ment upon those texts, and make the best copies 
 they could after those originals. Temple. 
 
 Indeed I hate that any man should be idle, 
 wliile I must translate and comment. Pope. 
 
 2. To make remarks ; to make observa- 
 tions. 
 
 Enter his chamber, view his lifeless corps, 
 And comment then upon his sudden death. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Co'mment. w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Annotations on an author; notes; ex- 
 planation ; exposition ; remarks. 
 
 Adam came into (he world a philosopher, which 
 appeared by his wriling the iialuie of things u|)oii 
 their names : he couhi view essences in them- 
 selves, and read forms without the comment of 
 their respective properties. South's Sermons. 
 
 All the volumes of philosophy. 
 With all their comments, never could Invent 
 So politick an instrument. Prioi' 
 
 Proper gestures, and vehement exertions of the 
 voice, are a kind of comment to what he utters. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Still, with itself compar'd, his textperuse; 
 And let your comment be the ftlantuan nmse. Pope. 
 
 2. Remarks; observation. 
 In such a time as this, it is not meet 
 
 That every nice otfence should bear its comment. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Forgive the comment that my passion made 
 Upon thy feature ; for ray rage was blind. 
 
 f Shakesp. King John. 
 
 All that is behind will be by way of comment 
 on that part of the church of England's charity. 
 
 Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 Co'MMENTARY.n.5. [commentarius, Lat.] 
 
 1. An exposition ; book of annotations or 
 remarks. 
 
 In religion, scripture is the best rule ; and the 
 church's universal practice, the be^t commentarij. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 2. Memoir; narrative in familiar manner. 
 
 Vere, in a private commentary which he wrote 
 of that service, testified that tight hundred were 
 slain. Bacon. 
 
 They shew still the ruins nf Caesar's wall, that 
 reached eighteen miles in length, as he has de- 
 clared it in the first book of his commentaries. 
 
 Addison on Italij. 
 
 Commenta'tor. ?(. s. [from comment.] 
 Expositor ; annotator, 
 
 I have made such expositions of m3' authors, as 
 no commentator will for give me. Dryden. 
 
 COM 
 
 Some of the commenlitors tel! us, that Marsya 
 was a lawyer who had lust his cause. 
 
 /iddison on Italy. 
 
 Galen's commentator tells us, that bitter sub- 
 stances engender cJioler, and burn the blood. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments* 
 
 No commentator can more slily pass 
 O'er a learn'd unintelligible place. 
 
 Pope 
 
 Co'mmenter. w. s. [from comment.] One 
 that writes comments; an explainer; 
 an annotator. 
 
 Slily as an3' commentator goes by 
 Hard words or sense. Donne. 
 
 Commenti'tious. adj. [comment it ins, 
 Lat.] Invented ; fictitious ; imaginary. 
 
 It is easy to draw a parallelism between that 
 ancient and this modern nothing, and make good 
 its resemblance to that commentitious inanity. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 COMMERCE, n. s. [commercium, Lat. 
 It was anciently accented on the last 
 syllable.] 
 
 1. Intercourse; exchange of one thing for 
 another ; interchange of any thing ; 
 trade ; traffick. 
 
 Places of publick resort being thus provided, 
 our repair thither is especially for mutual confer- 
 ence, and, as it were, commerce to be had between 
 God and us. Hooker. 
 
 How could communities, 
 Degrees in schools, and brotherhoods in cities, 
 Peaceful commerce from dividable shores. 
 But by degrees stand in authentick place? 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 Instructed ships shall sail to quick commerce, 
 By which remotest regions are ally'd ; 
 
 Which make one city of the universe, 
 Where some may gain, and all may be supply'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 These people had not any commerce with the 
 other known parts of the woVld. Tillotsoii. 
 
 In any country, that hath commerce with the 
 rest of the world, it is almost impossible now to be 
 without the use of silver coin. Locke. 
 
 2. Common or familiar intercourse. 
 
 Good-nature, which consists in overlooMng of 
 faults, is to be exercised only in doing ourselves 
 justice in the ordinary commerce and occurrences 
 of life. " Add'ison. 
 
 To Co'mmerce. v. n. [from the noun,] 
 
 1 . To traffick. 
 Ezekiel in the description of Tyre, and of the 
 
 exceeding trade that it jiad with tlie East, as the 
 only mart town, reciteth both the people with 
 whom they commerce, and also what commodities 
 every country yielded. Raleigh. 
 
 When they might not converse ox commerce with 
 any civil men ; whither should they fly but into 
 the woods and mountains, and there live in a wild 
 manner. Sir J. Davies. 
 
 2. To hold intercourse with. 
 
 Come, but keep thy wonted state, 
 With even step and musing gait, 
 And looks commercing with the skies. 
 Thy wrajit soul sitting in thine eyes. Milton. 
 
 Comme'rcial. adj. [from commerce.] 
 Relating to commerce or traffick. 
 
 To CO'MMIGRATE. v.n. [con and migro, 
 Lat.] To remove in a body, or by con- 
 sent, from one country to another. 
 
 Commigra'tion. 71. s. [from commi- 
 grate.] A removal of a large body of 
 people from one country to another. 
 
 Both the inhabitants of that, and of our world, 
 lost all memory of their commigration hence. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 350
 
 COM 
 
 COMMINA'TION. n. *. [comminatio, 
 
 Lat.] . , 
 
 1. A threat ; a denunciation of punishment, 
 or of venn;eance. 
 
 Some paits of knowledge God has tliousht fil 
 to ■ieclii'le from us ; to fence them not only bv 
 precept and commination, but witli d.flicu ly and 
 !mpo..sibilities, , Decav of P,cty. 
 
 2. Tlie recital of God's threatenuigs on 
 stated days. 
 
 CoMMi'NATORY. adj. [from commina- 
 tion-l Denunciatory; threatening. 
 
 To CoMMl'NGLE. v.a. [commisceo, Lat.] 
 To mix into one mass ; to unite inti- 
 mately ; to mix ; to blend. 
 
 Blest are those, 
 Whose blood and judgment are so well cummingW, 
 That they arc not a pipe for fortune's finger, 
 To sound what slop she please. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 To CoMMl'NGLE. t'. Ji. To unite one 
 ■with another. 
 
 Dissolutions of gum tragacanth and oil of sweet 
 Blmonds do not commingle, the oil remaining on 
 the top till they be stirred. Bacons Pliysical Hem. 
 
 CoMMlNu'lBLE. adj. [from commhitife.] 
 Frangible; reducible to powder; sus- 
 ceptible of pulverization. 
 
 The best diamonds are commimiible ; and are so 
 far from breaking hammers, that they submit 
 unto pcstilation, and resist not any ordinary 
 pestle. Brown. 
 
 To CO'INIMINUTE. v. a. [comminuo, Lat] 
 To grind ; to pulverize ; to break into 
 
 small parts. 
 
 Parchment, skins, and cloth drink in liquors, 
 though themselves be entire bodies, and not cttm- 
 minuted, as sand and ashes. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Comminu'tion. n. s. [from comminute.] 
 
 1 . The act of grinding into small parts ; 
 pulverization. 
 
 The jaw in men, and animals furnished with 
 grinders, halli an oblique or transverse motion, 
 necessary for comminution of the meat. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 This smiting of the steel with the flint doth only 
 
 make a commimidon, and a very rapid whirling 
 
 and melting of some particles; but that idea of 
 
 fiauie is wholly iu us. Bentley. 
 
 2. Attenuation. 
 
 Causes of fixation are the even spreading of 
 the spirits and tangible parts, the closeness of the 
 tangible parts, and the jejuneness or extreme com- 
 minution uf spirits; of which the two first may bo 
 joined w ith a nature liquefiabie. Bacon. 
 
 Com Ml'sER ABLE. adj. [from cnmmise- 
 rnff .] Worthy of compassion ; pitiable ; 
 such as must excite sympathy or sorrow. 
 It is the sinfullest thing in the world to desti- 
 tute a plantation once in forwardness: for besides 
 the dishonour, it is the guiltiness of blood of many 
 cmrjniscrahle persons. Bacon's Essay's. 
 
 This was the end of this noble and commiserabk 
 person, Edward eldest son to tlie duke of Clarence. 
 Bacons Henry VII. 
 
 To COMMrSER.\TE. v.a. [from con 
 
 and misa-eor, Lat.] To pity ; to look 
 
 on with compassion ; to compassionate. 
 
 Then we nmst those, who groan beneath the 
 
 weight 
 
 Of age, disease, or want, commiserale. Denham. 
 
 We should commiserate our mutual ignorance, 
 
 and endeavour to remove it. " Locke. 
 
 Commisera'tion. n.s. [from commise- 
 rate.] Pity ; compassion ; tenderness ; 
 or concern for another's pains. 
 
 COM 
 
 These poor scHnced creatures, whom 1 can nei- 
 ther speak nor think of but with much commisera- 
 tion and pity. Hooker. 
 
 Live, and hereafter say 
 A mad man's mercy bade thee run away. 
 
 1 d(j defy thy commi^cratioHt 
 
 And apprehc*nd thee for a felon liere. 
 
 Shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 God knows with how much commiseration, and 
 solicitcms cavition, 1 carried on that business, that 
 I might neither cticourage the rebels, nor discou- 
 rage the protestants. ^^'^S Charles. 
 
 She ended weeping ; and her lovely plight 
 Immoveable, till peace, obtain'd from fault 
 Acknowledg'd and deplor'd, in .idam wrought 
 Commiseration. Milton's Par. Lust. 
 
 From you their estate may expect elTectual 
 comfort ; there are none from whom it may not 
 deserve commiseration. Sprutt. 
 
 No where fewer beggars appear to charm u[> 
 commiseration, yet no where is there greater cha- 
 rity. Grant's Bills of Mortality. 
 
 I prevailed with myself to go and see him, 
 partly out oi commiseration, and partly out of cu- 
 riosity. Su'ijl. 
 
 CO'MiMlSSARY. n. s. [commissarius,\ow 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. An officer made occasionally for a cer- 
 tain purpose ; a delegate ; a deputy. 
 
 •2. It is a title of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 
 appertaining to such as exercises spiritual 
 jurisdiction (at least so far as his com- 
 mission permits) in places of the diocese 
 so far distant from the chief city, as the 
 chancellor cannot call the subjects. 
 
 Cowill. 
 
 The commissaries of bishops have authority only 
 
 in some certain place of the diocese, and in some 
 
 certain causes of the jurisdiction limited to them 
 
 by the bishop's commission. Aylijf'e. 
 
 3. An officer who draws up lists of the 
 numbers of an army, and regulates the 
 procuration and conveyance of provision 
 or ammunition. 
 
 But is it thus you English bards compose ? 
 With Ruidek lays thus tag insipid prose ? 
 And when you should your heroes deeds rehearse, 
 Give us a commissary's list in verse ? Prior. 
 
 Co'mmissariship. n.s. [from commis- 
 sari/.] The office of a commissary. 
 
 A coinmissariship is not grantable for life, so as 
 to bind the succeeding bishop, though it should 
 be confirmed by the dean and chapter. 
 
 Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 COMMl'SSION. 71. s. [commissio,\ow Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of entrusting any thing. 
 
 2. A trust; a warrant by which any trust 
 is held, or authority exercised. 
 
 Commission is the warrant, or letters patent, that 
 all men exercising jurisdiction, either ordinary ov 
 extraordinary, have for their power. Couell. 
 
 Omission to do what is necessary, 
 Seals a ccmmissiwi to a blank of danger. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 The subjects grief 
 Comes through commissions, which compel from 
 
 each 
 The sixth pan of his substance, to be levied 
 Without delay. Sliakesp. Henry ^^I1. 
 
 He led our powers ; 
 Bore the commis.wn of my place and person ; 
 The which immediacy may well stand u|i. 
 And call itself your brother. Shakesp. king Lear. 
 He wovdd have them fully acquainted with the 
 nature and extent of their dtfice, and so he joins 
 commissiim with instruction; by one he conveys 
 power, by the other knowledge. South. 
 
 3. A wai-rant by which a military officer 
 is constituted. 
 
 COM 
 
 Solyman, filled with the vain hope of the con- 
 quest'of J'crsia, gave out his cammiaions into all 
 jiarts of his empire, for the raising of a mighty 
 army. Knntles's History of the Turks. 
 
 I was made a colonel ; though I gaine<l my 
 commission by the hoise's virtues, having lea| t 
 over a six-ha'r gale. Addisim't Freeholder. 
 
 He fr»r his son a gay commission buys. 
 Who drinks, whores,"fights, and iu a duel dies. 
 
 Vape. 
 
 \. Charge ; mandate ; office ; employment. 
 
 It was both a strange commissimi, and a strange 
 obedience to a commissijon, Un men, in the midst 
 of their own bloo<l, and being so furiously as- 
 sailed, to hold their hands contrary to the laws of 
 nature and necessity. Bacon's "War with Spain. 
 
 Such commission from above 
 I have receiv'd, to answer thy desire 
 Of knowledge witliin bounds. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 At his conmiand the storms invade ; 
 The winds by his commisyiim blow. 
 Till « ith a nod he bids them cease. Dryden. 
 
 lie bore his great commission in his look ; 
 But sweetly temper'd awe, and soften'd all lie 
 spoke. Dryden. 
 
 5. Act of committing a crime; perpetra- 
 tion. Sins of commis.'iion are distin- 
 guished in theology from sins ofomission. 
 
 Every cmwtissimi of sin introduces into the soul 
 a certain degree of hardness. South's Sermons, 
 
 lie indulges himself in the habit of known sin, 
 whether commissiim of iomething which God hath 
 forbidden, or the omission of something com- 
 manded. Jioger's Sermons. 
 
 6. A number of people joined in a trust or 
 office. 
 
 7. The state of that which is entrusted to 
 a number of joint officers; as, the broad 
 seal teas put into commission. 
 
 8. [In commerce.] The order by which a 
 factor trades for another person. 
 
 To CoMMi'ssioN. v.a. [from comm'tssion.] 
 
 1. To empower; to appoint. 
 
 2. To send with mandate.or authority. 
 
 The peace polluted thus, a cfiosen band 
 He first commissions to the Lalian land. 
 In threat'ning embassy. Vryden's JEneid. 
 
 To CoMMl'ssiONATE. r.a. [from com- 
 mission.] To conmiission; to empower; 
 
 not in use. 
 
 As he was thus sent by his father, so also were 
 the apostles solennily commisvonated by him to 
 preach to the Gentile world, who, with'indefaii- 
 gable industry and resolute suflcri'igs, pursued 
 the charge; aiid sure this is competent evidence, 
 that the design was of the most wcighiv im- 
 ],orlance. Decay of Piety. 
 
 CoMMl'ssioNER. «. i. [from commission.] 
 One included in a warrant of authority. 
 
 A commissioner is one who hath commission, as 
 letters patents, or other law ful warrant, to execute 
 any publick oflice. Coictlt. 
 
 One article lliey stood upon, which I with your 
 commi,«sio)ifis have agreed uiwii. Sidney. 
 
 'riicse ciimmissionei-s came into England, with 
 whom covenants were concluded. Hayward. 
 
 The archbishop was made one of tlic commis- 
 sioners of the treasury. Clurendoik 
 
 Suppose itinerary commissioners to inspect, 
 throughout the kingdom, into the conduct of 
 men in oliice, with respect to morals and reli'iion, 
 as well as abilities. Suifi. 
 
 Like arc their merits, like rewards they share ; 
 That sliines a consul, tliis Ct)mmi.<si<in<T. 
 
 Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 CoMMi'ssuRE. n.s. [commissura, Lat.] 
 Joint ; a place where one part is joined 
 to another. 
 
 351
 
 COM 
 
 All these inducements cannot countervail tlie 
 inconvenience of disjointing the commisstires with 
 so many strokes of the chissel. 
 
 Wottiyns Architecture. 
 
 This animal is covered with a strong shell, 
 jointed like armour by four transverse commissures 
 m the middle of the body, connected by tough 
 membranes. J^i.U on the Creation. 
 
 To COMMl'T. v,a. [committo, Lat.] 
 L . To intrust ; to give in trust ; to put into 
 the hands of another. 
 
 It is for your health, thus to commit 
 Your weak condition to the raw, cold morning. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To put in any place to be kept safe. 
 
 ITiey who are desirous to commit to memory, 
 might have ease. 2 Mac. ii. 2b. 
 
 Is my muse controul'd 
 By servile awe? Born free, and not be bold ! 
 At least rU dig a hole within the ground. 
 And to the trusty earth commit the sound. 
 
 Drydeiis Persnis. 
 
 3. To send to prison ; to imprison. 
 
 Here comes the nobleman that committed the 
 prince, for striking hira about Bardolph. 
 
 Skukesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Tbey two were committed, at least restrained of 
 their liberty. Clarendon. 
 
 So, though mj' ankle she has quitted, 
 M^- heart continues still committed ; 
 And, like a bail'd and niain-priz'd lover. 
 Although at large, 1 am bound over. Hudibras. 
 
 4. To perpetrate ; to do a fault ; to be 
 guilty of a crime. 
 
 Keep thy word justly ; swear not ; commit not 
 with man's sworn spouse. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 Letters out of Ulster gave him notice uf the in- 
 humane murders committed there upon a multi- 
 tude of the Protestants. Clarendon. 
 A creeping young fellow committed matrimony 
 w ith a brisk gamesome lass. 
 
 U Estrange. 
 'Tis policy 
 For son and father to take different sides ; 
 Then lands and tenements commit no treason. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 5. To put together foracontest ; a Latinism. 
 
 How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his 
 office, and seasonably ccm/nif the opponent with 
 the respondent, like a long practised moderator. 
 Move's Dii'ine Dial. 
 C, To place in a state of hostility or incon- 
 gruity: a Latinism. 
 
 Harry, wliose tuneful and well-measured song 
 First taught our English musick how to span 
 ■ Words with just note and accent, not to scan 
 AVith Midas ears, committing short and long. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Commitment. ?e. s. [£vom commit.'] 
 
 1. Act of sending to prison; imprisoment. 
 
 It did not appear by any new examinations or 
 commitments, that any other person was discovered 
 or impeached. 
 
 Bacon. 
 They were glad to compound for his bare com- 
 mitment to the Tower, whence he was within few 
 days enlarged. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 I have been considering, ever since my commit- 
 ment, what it might be proper to deliver upon this 
 occasion. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. An order for sending to prison. 
 
 Commi'ttee. 71. s. [from commit.] 
 
 Those to whom the consideration or ordering 
 of any matter is referred, eitiier by some court to 
 whom it belongs, or by consent of parties. As 
 in parliament, after a bill is read, it is either 
 agreed to and passed, or not agreed to ; or neither 
 of these, but referred lo the consideration of some 
 appointed by the house to examine it farther, who 
 thereupon are called a committee. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 COM 
 
 Manchester had orders to march thither, hav 
 ing a committee of tiie parliament with him, as 
 there was another committee of the Scottish par 
 iiament always in that army ; there bein^ alst 
 now a cojnniittee of both knigdoms residing at 
 London, for carrying on the war. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 _ All corners were filled with covenanters, confu- 
 sion, committee men, and soldiers, serving each 
 other to their ends of revenge, or power, or profit 
 and these committee men and soldiers were uos 
 sest with this covenant. Walton, 
 
 Commi'tter. n.s, [ivom commit.] Per- 
 petrator; he that commits. 
 
 Such an one makes a man not only a partaker 
 of other men's sins, but a deriver of the whole 
 guilt to himj.elf , yet so as to leave the committer 
 as full of guilt as before. South. 
 
 CoMMlTTlBLE.n-cf/. [tvom commit .] Liable 
 to be committed. 
 
 Besides the mistakes committible in the solary 
 compute, the difterence of chronology disturbs 
 his computes. Brown. 
 
 To CoMMi'x. v.a. [commisceOf Lat.] To 
 mingle ; to blend ; to mix ; to unite with 
 things in one mass. 
 
 A dram of gold dissolved in aqua regia, with a 
 dram of copper in aqua fortis commixed, ^ve r 
 great colour. Bacon 
 
 I have written against the spontaneous genera- 
 tion of frogs in the clouds ; or, on the eartli, out of 
 dust and rain water commlred. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 It is manifest, by this experiment, that the com- 
 mixed impressions of all the colours do stir up and 
 beget a sensation of white ; that is, that whiteness 
 is compounded of all the colours. 
 
 Newton's Opticks. 
 
 CoMMi'xiON. n.s, [from commix.] Mix- 
 ture; incorporation of different ingre- 
 dients. 
 
 Were thy commiiion Greek and Trojan, so 
 That thou could'st say, this hand is Grecian all, 
 And this is Trojan. 
 
 Shakesp. Troiltisand Crcssida. 
 
 CoMMl'xTiON. n. s. [from commix.] Mix- 
 ture ; incorporation ; union of various 
 substances in one mass. 
 
 Some species there be of middle and participat- 
 ing natures, that is, of birds and beasts, as batts, 
 and some few others, so confirmed nnd set toge- 
 ther, that we cannot define the beginning or end 
 of either ; there being a commixtion of both in the 
 wluile, rather than adaption or cement of the one 
 unto the other. Broivjis Vulg. Eit. 
 
 CoMMi'xTURE. n s. [from commix.] 
 
 1. The act of mingling ; the state of being 
 mingled; incorporation; union in one 
 mass. 
 
 In tlie commi-xture of any thing that is more oily 
 or sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy, the 
 air working iitfle upon them. Bacons Nat. lUst. 
 
 2. The miiss formed by mingling different 
 things; composition; compound. 
 
 Fair ladies, mask'd, are roses in the bud. 
 Or angels veil'd in clourls ; arc roses blown, 
 Dis mask'd, tlieir damask sweet commuiure shewn. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 My love and fear glew'd many friends to thee ; 
 And now I fall, thy tough commixiures melt, 
 Impairing Henry, strength'ning misproud York. 
 
 Shakes]}. 
 
 There is scarcely any rising but by a commixture 
 of good and evil arts. Bacon. 
 
 All the circumstances and respect of religion 
 and state intermixed together in their commixture, 
 will better become a royal history, or a council- 
 table, than a single life. Wotton. 
 
 Commo'de. n,s. [Fr.] The head-dress 
 of women. 
 
 COM 
 
 Let them reflect how they would be affected, 
 should they nieet with a man tm horseback, in his 
 breeches and jack-boots, dressed up in a commode 
 and a nightrai! 
 
 Spectator. 
 She has contrived to shew her principles by the 
 setting of her commode; so that it will be impos- 
 sible lor any woman that is disaifected to be in 
 the fashion.' 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 She, like some pensive statesman, walks de- 
 mure, 
 And smiles, and hugs, to make destruction sure ; 
 Or under high commodes, with looks erect, 
 liarefac'd devours, in gaudy colours deck'd. 
 
 Glanviile. 
 
 COMMODIOUS, adj. [commodus, Lat.] 
 
 1, Convenient; suitable; accommodate to 
 any purpose ; fit ; proper ; free from 
 hnidrance or uneasiness. 
 
 Such a place cannot be commodious to live in ; 
 fur being so near the moon, it had been too near 
 the suu. 
 
 Raleigh's History. 
 To that recess, cojnmod'tous for surprise, 
 When purple light sliall next suffuse the skies. 
 With me repair. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. Useful; suited to wants or necessities. 
 
 If they think we ought to prove the ceremo- 
 nies commodious, they do greatly deceive them- 
 sehes. Hooker. 
 
 Bacchus had found out the making of wine, 
 and many tilings else commodious for mankind. 
 
 Raleigh's History of the World. 
 The gods have done tlieir part, 
 B^"^ sending this commodious plague. 
 
 Dryden's Oedipus. 
 Maro's muse, 
 Thrice sacred muse, commodious precepts gives» 
 Instructive to the swains. Philips. 
 
 Comisio'diov SLY. adv. [^vomco7nmodious.] 
 
 1. Conveniently. 
 
 At the large foot of an old hollow tree, 
 In a deep cave seated cominodiousiy. 
 His ancient and hereditary house, 
 There dwelt a good substantial country mouse. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 2. Without distress. 
 
 VVe need not fear 
 To pa.ss commodiously this life, sustain'd 
 By him with many comforts, till we end 
 In dust, our final rest and native home. 
 
 Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Suitably to a certain purpose. 
 
 Wisdom may have framed one and the same 
 thing to serve commodiously for divers ends. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Galen, upon the consideration of the body» 
 challenges any one to find how the least fibre 
 might be more commodiously placed for use or 
 comeliness. South' s Sermo7is. 
 
 Commo'biousness. n. s. [from commodi- 
 ous.] Convenience ; advantage. 
 
 The place requircth many circumstances ; as 
 the situation near the sea, ior the commodiousness 
 of an intercourse with England. Bacon. 
 
 Of cities, the greatness and riclies increase ac- 
 cording to the commodiousness of their situation in 
 fertile countries, or upon rivers and havens. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Commo'dity. n.s. [commoditas, Lat,] 
 1. Interest; advantage; profit. 
 
 They knew, that howsoever men may :;eek 
 their own commodity, yei, if this were done with 
 injury unto others, it was not to be suffered. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Commodity, the bJass of the world. 
 The world, which of itself is poised well, 
 Till this advantage, this vile drawing biass, 
 This sway of motion, this cominodity, 
 Makes it'take head from all indifterency, 
 From all direction, purpose, conrse, intent. 
 
 Shake^. King John* 
 
 352
 
 COM 
 
 After much dcbatement of the commodities or 
 discommodities like to eiuuc, tlicj concluded. 
 
 Uayward. 
 
 2. Convenience ; particular advantage. 
 
 There came into licr head certain verses, wliich 
 if she had had |)rcsent commodilii, slie would have 
 rejoined as a retraction to the other. SiJneit. 
 
 She demanded leave, not to lose this long 
 sought-for commodity of time, to case her lieart. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Travellers turn out of the highway, drawn 
 either by the commodity of a foot-path, or the de- 
 licacy or the freshness of the fields. ^ ., 
 
 Ik'n Joiisons Discoveries. 
 
 It had been difficult to make such a mole wliere 
 they had not so natural a commoditu as the earth of 
 PuzEuola, which immediately hardens in the wa- 
 ter. Addison on Italy. 
 
 a. Wares ; merchandise ; goods for trai"- 
 fick. 
 
 AH my fortunes are at sea ; 
 Nor have I money nor cojnmoditij 
 'I'o raise a present sum. Shakcsp. Mcrch. of Venice. 
 
 Commodities are moveables, valuable by money, 
 the common measure. Locke. 
 
 Of money, in the commerce and traffick of 
 mankind, tlie principal use is that of saving the 
 commutation of more bulky commodities, 
 
 Arbuthjwt OJi Coitis. 
 
 Commodo're. 'w. s. [probably corrupted 
 from the Spanish commandador .^ The 
 captain who commands a squadron of 
 ships ; a temporary admiral. 
 
 CO'MMON. n. s, [communis, Lat] 
 
 1. Belonging equally to more than one. 
 Though life and sense be common to man and 
 
 brutes, and their operations in many tilings alike ; 
 yet by thii form he lives the life of a man, and 
 not of a brute ; and hath the sense of a man, and 
 not of a brute. Hole's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 He who liath received daniatre, has.besides the 
 riglitof punislmienteom?n(t?i to him with other men, 
 a particular right to seek reparation. Locke. 
 
 2, Having no possessor or owner. 
 
 Where no kindred are to be found, we see the 
 possessions of a private man revert to the commu- 
 nity, and so become again perfectly common ; nor 
 can any one have a property in them, otherwise 
 tlian in other tilings common by nature. Locke. 
 
 ij. Vulgar; mean; notdistinguished byany 
 excellence; often seen; easy to be had; 
 of little value ; not rare ; not scarce. 
 
 Or as the man, whom princes do advance 
 Upon their gracinns mercy-seat to sit, 
 Doth common things, of course and circumstance, 
 To the reports of common men commit. Davies. 
 4. Publick; general; serving the use of all. 
 
 He was advised by a parliament-man, not to be 
 strict in reading all the common jiraycr, but make 
 some variation, Wultoit. 
 
 1 need not mention the old commnn shore of 
 Rome, which ran from all parts of tne town, with 
 the current and violence ut an ordinary river. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 0. Of no rank; mean; witliout birth or 
 descent. 
 
 Look, as I blow tliis feather from my face, 
 And as the air blows it to me again. 
 Such is the lightness of you common men. 
 
 Shakcsp. Henry VI. 
 Flying bullets now, 
 To execute his rage, appear too slow ; 
 They miss, or sweep but common souls away ; 
 For such a loss Opdam liis life must pay. )VaU€r. 
 
 6. Frequent; usual ;" ordinary. 
 
 There is an evil which I have seen common 
 among men. Ecclrs. vi. 1. 
 
 The Papists were tiie most common place, and 
 the butt against whom all the arrows were di- 
 rected. Clarendon. 
 
 Neither is it strange that there should be mys- 
 teries in divinity, as well as in the commmest opera- 
 lions in nature. owift. 
 
 7. Prostitute. < 
 Vol. I. 
 
 COM 
 
 inp, 
 ird oi 
 
 'Tis a strange thine, the impudence of some 
 
 ' } herself wa; 
 
 common. V Estrange 
 
 women! was the word of a dame wlio herself was 
 
 Hipparchus was goiof; to marry a commoji wo- 
 man, but consulted Philander upon the occasion. 
 
 Spectatm-. 
 
 0. [In grammar.] Such verbs as signify 
 both action and passion are called com- 
 mon ; as. asperno I despise, or am des- 
 pised ; and also such nouns as are botli 
 masculine and feminine, as parens. 
 
 Co'mmon. n. s. [from the adjt'ttive,] 
 An open ground equally used by many 
 persons. 
 
 Then take we down his load, and turn him otf, 
 Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears, 
 And graze in commons. Shakcsp. .JiUinsCtesar. 
 
 Is not the separate property of a lliini; the great 
 cause of its endearment ? Does any one respect a 
 common as much as he does his garden ? S*uith. 
 
 Co'mmon. adv. [from the adjective.] 
 Commonly ; ordinarily. 
 
 I am more than common tall. Shak. As you like it. 
 
 In Common. 
 
 1. Equally to be participated by a certain 
 number. 
 
 By making an explicite consent of every coni- 
 raoner necessary to anyone's appropriatin!;lo him- 
 self any part of what is given in common, children 
 or servants could not cut the meat which their 
 father or master had provided fortheminromnj(>??, 
 without assigning to every one his peculiar part. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. Equally with another; indiscriminately. 
 
 In a work of this nature it is impossible to 
 avoid pnerilitics ; it having that in common with 
 dictionaries, and books of antiquities. 
 
 Arhuthnot on C$ins. 
 
 To Co'mmon. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 have a joint right with others in some 
 common ground. 
 
 Co'mmon Law, contains those customs 
 and usages which have, by long pre- 
 scription, obtained in this nation the 
 force of laws. It is distinguished from 
 the statute law, which owes its authority 
 to acts of parliament. 
 
 Co'mmon Pleas. The king's court now 
 held in Westminster Hall, but anciently 
 moveable. Git^in observes, that till Henry 
 HI. granted the mas:na c/iarta, there 
 were but two courts, the exchequer, and 
 the king's bench, so called because it fol- 
 lowed the king; but, upon the grant of 
 that charter, the court of common picas 
 was erected, and settled at V/estminster. 
 All civil causes, both real and personal, 
 are, or were, formerly tried in this court, 
 according to the strict laws of the realm ; 
 and Fortescue represents it as the only 
 court for real causes. The chief judge is 
 called the lord chief justice of the com- 
 mon pleas, and he is assisted by three or 
 four associates, created by letters patent 
 from the king. Cotvell. 
 
 Co'mmonable. adj. [from common.'] 
 What is held in common. 
 
 ]\Inch good land might lie gained from forests 
 and chases, and from other coiiimonuble [daces, so 
 as there be care taken that the poor commoners 
 have no injury. Bacon to Villiers. 
 
 Co'mmonage. 71. s. [from common.] The 
 right of feeding on a common ; the 
 joint right of usiiing any thing in com- 
 
 ' mon with others. 
 
 COM 
 
 Co'mmon alty, n. s. [from communauti, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. The common people; the {)eople of 
 the lower rank. 
 
 Bid him strive 
 To gain the love o' th' commonalty; the duke 
 Shall govern England. Shakcsp. 
 
 There is in every slate, as wc know, tw(» por- 
 tions of subjects ; the nobles, and the commtmalty. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The emmet joined in her popular tribes 
 0( commonalty. Milton t Par. Lo$t. 
 
 All gcnllenicn arc almost obliged to it; and I 
 know no reason we should give that advantage tn 
 the commonalty o( l^u^ldiid, to be foremost in brave 
 actions. Dryden. 
 
 2. The bulk of mankind. 
 
 I myself too will use the secret ackimwiedgment 
 of tlie"c(7mmiHwi/(v, bearing record of the God of 
 Gods. Hooker, 
 
 Commoner, w. s, [from common.'] 
 
 1 . One of the common pe<tp!e ; a man of 
 low rank, of mean condition. 
 
 Doubt nut 
 The commoners, for whom we stand, buttliey. 
 Upon their ancient malice, will forget. 
 
 i^akesp. Corvolanus. 
 
 His trreat men durst not pay ihclr court to him, 
 
 till he hacl satiated his thirst of Mood by the death 
 
 of some of liis loyal commoners. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. A man not noble. 
 
 This commoner has worth and parts, 
 Is prais'd fur arms, or lov'd for arts : 
 His ho.iil achts fur a coronet ; 
 And v% ho is bhss'd that is not great ? Prior. 
 
 3. A member of the liouse of commons. 
 
 I'hcrc is hardly a greater difference between 
 two things, than there is between a representing 
 commoner in his publick calling, and the same per- 
 son in common life. Swiji. 
 
 4. One who has a joint right in common 
 ground. 
 
 IMuch land micht be gained from commonable 
 places, so as there be care taken that the poor 
 commoners have no injury. 
 
 'Bacon's Advice lo Villiers. 
 
 5. A student of the second rank at the 
 university of Oxford ; one that eats at 
 the common table. 
 
 6. A prostitute. 
 
 Behold this ring. 
 Whose high respect and rich validity, 
 Did lack a parallel ; yet, for all that. 
 He gave it to a commoJicr o' th' camp. Shakesp. 
 
 Co:\imoni'tion. 7i. s. [commonitio, Lat.] 
 Advice; warning; instruction. 
 
 Commonly, adv. [from common.] Fre- 
 quently ; usually ; ordinarily ; for the 
 most part. 
 
 Tills hand of your's requires 
 iMuch castigation, exercise devout ; 
 For here 's a strong and sweating devil here. 
 That ci'mmtni/v rebels. Shakcsp. Othello. 
 
 A great disease may cliange the fnnne of a bodvi 
 though, if it lives to "recover strength, it commonly 
 returns to its natural constitution. Temple. 
 
 Co'mmonness. ». s. [from common.] 
 
 1. Equal participation among many. 
 
 \ur can the commonness of the gi.ilt obviate the 
 
 censure, there being nothing more frequent than 
 
 for men to accuse their own faults in other persons. 
 
 Govrmment of the Tong*te. 
 
 2. Frequent occurrence ; frequently. 
 
 Blot out that nia\im, res fu>lunt din male adminis- 
 trari: tlie commonness makes me not know who is the 
 author ; but sure lie must be some modern. Suift. 
 
 To Commonpla'ce. v. a. To reduce to 
 
 general heads. 
 
 I do not apprehend any difficulty in collecting 
 and cxvnmonplacing an universal history from tlie 
 historians. Fekon. 
 
 Zz 
 
 353
 
 COM 
 
 Commonpla'ce-book. n. s. A book in 
 whicli things to be remembered arr 
 ranged under general heads. 
 
 I turned to my commoni)lace-boak, and fuund liis 
 case under the word coquette. Tatkr. 
 
 Co'mmons. n. *. 
 
 1. The vulgar; the lower people; those 
 who inherit no honours. 
 
 Little office 
 Tlic liateful commom will perform for us ; 
 Kxccpt, like curs, to tear us all in pieces. 
 
 Shakesp. liich. II. 
 Hath he not pass'd the nobles and the commons ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 These three to kings and chiefs their scenes dis- 
 play, 
 'Ihe rest hefore the ignoble commotis play._ 
 
 Drydt'n's Fables. 
 The gods of greater nations dwell around. 
 And, on the right and left, the palace bound ; 
 The commons where the^ can : the nobler sort, 
 \\ ilh winding doors wide open, front the court. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. The lower house of parliament.by which 
 the people are represented, and of which 
 the members are chosen by the people, 
 
 IVIy good lord, 
 How now for mitigation of this hill 
 Urg'd by Ihe commons? Doth his majesty 
 Incline to it, or no ? Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 In the house of commons many gentlemen, un- 
 satisfied of his guilt, durst not condemn him. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 3. Food; fare: diet: so called from col- 
 leges, where it is eaten in common. 
 
 He painted himself of a dove colour and took 
 liis commons with the pigeons. L'Estrange. 
 
 Mean while she quench'd her fury at the flood. 
 And with a lenten sallad cool'd her blood : 
 Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing 
 
 scant ; 
 Nor did their minds an equal banquet want. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The doctor now obeys the summons, 
 Likes both his company and commons. Swift. 
 
 Commonwe'al. 7 n. s. [from com- 
 CoMMONWEALTH. j mon and weal, or 
 wealth.^ 
 
 1 . A polity ; an established form of civil 
 Hfe. 
 
 Two foundations bear up publick societies ; the 
 one inclination, whereby all men desire sociable 
 life; the other an order agreed upon, touching 
 the manner of their union in living together : the 
 latter is that which we call the law of a common- 
 weal. Hooker. 
 
 It was impossible to make a commotiweal in Ire- 
 land, without settling of all the estates and posses- 
 sions throughout the kingdom. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 A continual parliament would but keep the 
 commonweal in tune, by preserving laws in their 
 vieour. King Charles. 
 
 ^I'here is no body in the commonwealth of learn- 
 ing who does not profess himself a lover of truth. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. The publick ; the general body of the 
 people. 
 
 Such a prince. 
 So kind a father of the commonweal, Shak. U. lY 
 Their sons are well tutored by you : you are a 
 good member of the commoniceaith. 
 
 Shakesp. Love's Labour Lost. 
 
 3. A government in which the supreme 
 power is lodged in the people ; a re- 
 prblick. 
 
 Did he, or do yet any of thera, imagine 
 The gods would sleep to such a Stygian practice. 
 Against that commonweahh whicn they have 
 founded ? Jonson. 
 
 Commonwealths were nothing more, in their ori- 
 ginal, but free cities ; though sometimes, by force 
 of order and discipline, they have extended them- 
 ■seWres into mighty dominions. Temple. 
 
 C O M 
 
 Co'mmorance. 1 n, s. [from commo- 
 Co'mmorancy. j ra?it.] Dwelling ; 
 habitation; abode; residence. 
 
 Th'b very quitlity, carriage, and place of commo- 
 ranee, of witnesses is pJaiiily and evidently set 
 fortii. 'Uate, 
 
 An archbishop, out of his diocese, becomes sub- 
 ject to the archbishop of the province where he has 
 nis abode and commorancy. Ai^Uffe's Parergon. 
 
 CO'MMORANT. adj. [commoraiis, Lat.] 
 Resident; dwelling; inhabiting. 
 
 Tiie abbot may demand and recover his monk, 
 that is commorant and residing in another monas- 
 tery. Ayliff'es Parergoji. 
 
 Commo'tion. n,s. [commotio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Tumult ; disturbance ; combustion ; 
 sedition ; publick disorder ; insurrec- 
 tion. 
 
 By flatt'ry he hath won the common hearts ; 
 And, when lie'll please to make commotion, 
 'Tis to be fcar'd they all will follow him. 
 
 Shakesp. HeniyVl. 
 
 Ye shaO Iiear of wars and commotmis, he not 
 
 terrified. Luke. 
 
 Tlie Iliad consists of battles, and a continual 
 
 commotion; the Odyssey in patience and wisdom. 
 
 Broome's A'ofcs on the Odyssey. 
 
 2. Perturbation; disorder of mind ; heat; 
 violence ; agitation. 
 
 Some strange commotion 
 ]s in his brain ; he bites his lips, and starts. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry Mill. 
 
 He could not debate any thing without some 
 
 commotion^ when the argument was not of moment. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 3. Disturbance; restlessness. 
 
 Sacrifices were offered wlien an earthquake 
 happened, that he would allay the commotions of 
 the water, and put an end to the earthquake. 
 
 Woodivard^s Natural History. 
 
 Commo'tioner. ?i. s. [from commotion,] 
 One that causes commotions ; a dis- 
 turber of the peace. A word not in 
 use. 
 
 The people, more regarding commotioners than 
 commissioners, flocked together, as clouds cluster 
 against a storm. Hayward. 
 
 To CoMMo'vE. V. a. [commoveOy Lat.] 
 To disturb ; to agitate ; to put into a 
 violent motion ; to unsettle. Not used. 
 
 Straight the sands, 
 Commov'd around, in gathering eddies play. 
 
 Thomsons Summer. 
 
 To CO'MMUNE. v. n. [communicoy Lat.] 
 To converse ; to talk together ; to im- 
 part sentiments nmtually. 
 
 So long as Guyon with \\et communed. 
 Unto the ground she cast her modest eye ; 
 
 And ever and anon, with rosy red, 
 The bashful blood her snowy c*lieeks did dye. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 I will commune with 3'ou of such things 
 That want no ears but yours. 
 
 Shakesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 They would forbear open hostility, and resort 
 unto Kim peaceably, that they might commune to- 
 gether as friends. Hayward. 
 
 Then commune, how that day they best mav ply 
 Their growing work. Miltojis Paradise' I. nut. 
 
 Ideas, as ranked under names, are those that, 
 for the most part, meii reason of within them- 
 selves, and always those w hich they commune about 
 with others. Locke. 
 
 Communicabi'lity. n. s. [from com- 
 municable.] The quality of being 
 communicable ; capability to be im 
 parted. 
 
 Commu'nicable, adj. [from communi- 
 cate^] 
 
 C O M 
 
 1. That which may become the common 
 possession of more than one ; with to. 
 
 Sith eternal life is commnnicable unto all, it be- 
 hooveth that the word of God be so likewise. 
 
 Hooker, 
 
 2. That which may be recounted ; that 
 of which another may share the know- 
 ledge: with to. 
 
 Nor let thine own inventions hope 
 Things not reveal'd, which th' invisible king, 
 Only omniscient, hath supprcss'd in night, 
 To none communicable in earth or heav'n. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lou. 
 
 3. That which may be imparted. 
 
 The happy place 
 Rather inflames thy torment, representing 
 Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable. 
 
 Milton's Par. Reg. 
 Commu'nicant. 71. s, [from communi- 
 cate,] One who is present, as a wor- 
 shipper, at tiie celebration of the Lord's 
 Supper; one who participates of the 
 blessed sacrament. 
 
 Communicants have ever used it ; and we, by 
 the form of the very utterance, do shew we use it 
 as communicants. Hooker. 
 
 A constant frequenter of worship, and a never- 
 failing monthly communicant. Atterbury's Sei'mons. 
 
 To COMMU'NICATE. v, a. [communicu, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To impart to others what is in our own 
 power; to give toothers as partakers; 
 to confer a joint possession ; to bestow. 
 
 Common benefits are to be communicated with 
 all, but peculiar benefits witli choice. Bacon. 
 
 Where God is worshipped, there he communi- 
 cates his blessings and holy influences. 
 
 Taylor s Worthy Communicant. 
 ^Vhich of tiie Grecian chiefs consorts with thee ? 
 But Diomede desires my company, 
 And still communicates his praise with me. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 2. To reveal ; to impart knowledge. 
 
 I learned diligently, and do communicate wisdom 
 liberally : I do not Jiide lier riches. Wisd. vii. 13. 
 
 3. It had anciently the preposition with 
 before the person to whom communica- 
 tion, either of benefit or knowledge, 
 was made. 
 
 Charles the Hardy would communicate his se- 
 crets irith none; and, least of all, those secrets 
 which troubled him most. Bacon. 
 
 He comynunicated those thoughts only with the 
 lord Dighy, the lord Colepeper, and the cliancel- 
 lor. Clarendon. 
 
 A journey of much adventure, which, to shew 
 the strenglfi of his privacy, liad been before not 
 communicated icith aixy otticr. Wotton. 
 
 4. Now it has only to: Clarendon uses 
 both with and to. 
 
 Let him, that is taught in the word, cm?im«m- 
 cate unto him that teacheth. Gulatiuns, vi. 6. 
 
 His majesty frankly promised, that he could 
 not, in any degree, communicate to an^' person the 
 matter, before he had taken and communicated to 
 them his own resolutions. Clarendon. 
 
 Those who speak in publick are better heard 
 when they discourse by a lively gCiiius and ready 
 memory, than when they read all they would 
 communicate to their hearers. Watts. 
 
 To Communicate, v. n. 
 
 1. To partake of the blessed sacrament. 
 The primitive Christians comtnunicatcd every 
 
 day. Taylor. 
 
 2. To have something in common with 
 another; as, the houses communicate; 
 there is a passage between them, com- 
 mon to both, by which either may be 
 entered from the other. 
 
 The whole body is nothing but a system oi 
 
 354
 
 C O M 
 
 •V soch canals, which all communicate wiih one ano- 
 tlier, mediateij or immediatciy. Arbuth^ on Aiim. 
 
 Communica'tion. n. 8. [from communi- 
 cate.] 
 
 1 . The act of imparting benefits or know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Botli together serve completely for the recep- 
 tion and cummim/culitm of learned linowled^. 
 
 Haider's Elements of Speech. 
 
 2. Common boimdary or inlet ; passage 
 or means, by whicli from one place 
 there is a way without interruption to 
 another. 
 
 The map shews tlie natural communicatitni pro- 
 vidence has formed between the rivers and lakes 
 of a country at so great a distance from the sea. 
 Addiion on Italy. 
 
 The Euxine sea is conveniently situated for 
 trade, by the communication it has both with Asia 
 and Eurojte. Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. Interchange of knowledge; good intel- 
 ligence between several persons. 
 
 Secrets may be carried so far, as to stop the com- 
 munication necessary among alt who have the ma- 
 nagement of affairs. Sti-iji. 
 
 4. Conference ; conversation . 
 
 Abner had communication with the elders of Is- 
 rael, saying, ye sought for David in times past to 
 be king over you ; now then do it. 2 Sam. iii. 17. 
 
 The chief end of language, in communicatvint 
 being to be understood, words serve not for that 
 end, when any word does not excite in the hearers 
 the same idea which it stands for in tlie miud of 
 the speaker. Locke. 
 
 Commu'NICATIVe. adj. [from communi- 
 cate.] Inclined to make advantages 
 common ; liberal of benefits or know- 
 ledge ; not close ; not selfislu 
 
 We conceive them more than some envious and 
 mercenary gardeners will thank us for ; but they 
 deserve noi"the name of that communicatirc and 
 noble profession. Eieiiin's Kalendar. 
 
 We nave paid for our want of prudence, and 
 
 determiue for the future to be less communicative. 
 
 Stciftand Pope. 
 
 Commu'nicativeness. n. s. [from com- 
 municative.] The qualit)' of being 
 communicative, of bestowing or impart- 
 ing benefits or knowledge. 
 
 He is not only the most communicative of all 
 beings, but he will also communicate himself in 
 such measure as entirely to satisfy ; otherwise 
 some degrees of communicativeness would be want- 
 ing. Norris. 
 
 Commu'nion. n. s. [communio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Intercourse; fellowship ; common pos- 
 session ; participation of something in 
 common ; interchange of transactions. 
 
 Consider, finallv, tlie angels, as havuig with us 
 that communion wliich the apostle to the Hebrew s 
 noteth ; and in regard whereof angels have not 
 disdained to profess tliemselves our fellow ser- 
 vants. Hooker. 
 
 We are not, by ourselves, sufficient to furnish 
 ourselves wiih competent stores for such a life as 
 our nature dotii desire ; therefore we are naturally 
 induced to seek rammuntuR and fellowsliip with 
 others. Hooker. 
 
 The Israelites had never any communion or af- 
 fairs with the Ethioj'ians. Raleigh. 
 
 Thou, so pleas'd. 
 Canst raise thy creature to what height thou wilt 
 Of uoicn, or communion, deified. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 We maintain communion with Gi,d liimsrlf, and 
 are made in the same degree partakers ol' the di- 
 vine nature. fiddes. 
 
 2. The common or publick celebration of 
 the Lord's Supper ; the participation of 
 the blessed jacniraent. 
 
 COM 
 
 They rcsoWed that the standing of the commu- 
 nion tabic ill all churches should be altered. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Tertullian reporteth, that the picture of Christ 
 was engraven upon the comminiifm cup. 
 
 Peacham on Draicing. 
 
 3. A common or publick act. 
 
 Men began publickly to call on the name of 
 the Lord ; that is, they served and pndsed God 
 by communion, and in publick manner. 
 
 lialeigh's Hutortt of the World. 
 
 4. Union in die common worship of any 
 church. 
 
 Bare ccmimunion with a good church can never 
 alone nidke a good man ; if it could, we should 
 have no bad ones. South. 
 
 Ingenuous men have lived and died in the com- 
 munuyn of that cliurch. Stiltingjleet. 
 
 Community, n. s. [communitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. The commonwealth ; the body poli- 
 tick. 
 
 How could commujiities. 
 Decrees in schools, and brotherhood in cities. 
 But by degree stand in authentic place ? 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 Not in a single person only, hut in a communitu 
 
 or multitude of men. Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 This parable raay be ajitly enough expounded 
 
 of the laws that secure a civil community. 
 
 L' Estrange 
 
 It is not designed for her own use, but for the 
 
 whole community. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Tiie love of our country is impressed on our 
 
 mind for the preservation of the community. 
 
 Addison s FreehoUlcr. 
 He lives not for himself alone, but hath a re- 
 gard in all ills actions to the great community. 
 
 Atlerbnry. 
 
 2. Common possession; the state contrarj- 
 to property or appropriation. 
 
 Sit tin and revel. 
 Call all the great, the fair, and spirited dames 
 Of Rome about thee, and begin a fashion 
 Of freedom and community. Ben Jonson. 
 
 The undistinction of manv in the community of 
 name, or misapplication of the act of one unto 
 the other, hath made some doubt thereof. 
 
 Brown s Vulgar Frrours. 
 
 This text is far from proving Adam sole pro- 
 prietor ; it is a confirmation of the original commu- 
 uity of all things. Locke. 
 
 3. Frequency ; commonness, Not in 
 use. 
 
 He was but, as the cuckow is in June, 
 Heard, not regarded ; seen, but with such eyes. 
 As, sick and blunted with community, 
 AtTord no extraordinary gaze. Shakesp. 
 
 CoMMUTABiLiTY. 71. s. [from commut- 
 able.] The quality of being capable of 
 exchange. 
 
 Commu't.\ble. adj. [from commufe,] 
 That may be exchanged for sometliing 
 else ; that may be bought off, or ran- 
 somed. 
 
 Commuta'tion. w. s. [from commute^ 
 
 1. Change ; alteration. 
 
 An innocent nature could hate nothing that 
 was innocent : in a word, so great is the commu- 
 tution, that the soul then hated onl^- that which 
 now only it loves, x. e. sin. South's Sermons. 
 
 2 Exchange ; the act of giving one thing 
 for another. 
 
 Tlie whole universe is supported by giving and 
 returning, hy commerce and comniutution. 
 
 South's Sermons. 
 According to the present temper of mankind, 
 it is absolutely necessary that tlicre he some me- 
 thod and means of commutation, as that of money. 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 Tlie use of money, in the commerce and 
 tradick of mankind, is that of saving the com- 
 mutation of moK bulky commodities. 
 
 irbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 C O M 
 
 3. Ransom ; the act of exchanging a cor- 
 poral for a pecuniary punishment. 
 
 The law of God had allowed an evasion, that is, 
 by way o( commutation or redemption, Broum. 
 
 Commutative, adj. [from commute.] 
 Relative to e.xchange ; as, coaimutatite 
 justice, that honesty which is exercised 
 in traffick, and which is contrary to 
 fraud in bargains. 
 
 To COM.MUTE. t.a. [commute, Ut.] 
 
 1. To exchange ; to put one thing in the 
 place of another ; to give or receive one 
 thing for another. 
 
 This will commute our taiks; eichani^c these 
 pleasant and gainful ones, which God aisignf , for 
 those uneasy and fruitless ones we impose on our- 
 selves. Decay of Piely. 
 
 2. To buy off, or ransom one obligation 
 by another. 
 
 Some commute swearing for whoring; as if for- 
 bearance of the one were a dispensation for the 
 other. L'Estrange. 
 
 To CoMMl'TE. r. n. To atone ; to bar- 
 gain for exemption. 
 
 Those institutions which God designed for 
 means to further men in holiness, they look opoa 
 as a privilege to serve instead of it, and to com- 
 mute for it. South's Sermcms. 
 
 Comml'tval. adj. [con and mutU4il.] 
 Mutual ; reciprocal. Use<l only in 
 poetry. 
 
 Love our hearts, and Hymen did our haixlj, 
 Unite commutual in most sacred bands. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove 
 In acts of dear benevolence and love ; 
 Brothers in peace, not rivals in conimand. 
 
 Pope's Odyaev. 
 
 COxMPACT. n. s. [pactum, Lat.] A 
 contract ; an accord ; an agreement ; a 
 mutual and settled appointment between 
 two or more, to do or lo forbear some- 
 thing. It had anciently the accent on 
 the last syllable. 
 
 1 hope the king made peace with all of us ; 
 And the com}iact is firm and true in me. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 In the beginnings of speech there was an im- 
 plicit compart, founded upon common consent, that 
 sucli words, voices, or gestures, should be signs 
 whereby they would express liicir thoughts. &ui'). 
 
 To Compact, v. a. [compingo, compac- 
 tum, Lat.] 
 
 1. To join together with iiminess; to 
 unite closely ; to consolidate. 
 
 Inform her full of my particular fears : 
 \ud thereto add such reasons of your own. 
 As may compact it more. Shakesp. Kin^ Lear. 
 
 Nor are the nerves of his Cf/mpacted strength 
 Slretch'd and dissolv'd into unsinew'd lengili. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 By what degrees this earth's compacted sphere 
 Was harden'd, woods, and rocks, and towns, to 
 bear. Roscommon. 
 
 This disease is more dangerous, as the solids are 
 more strict and compacted, and consequently more 
 so as people are advanced in age. .-iriiuth. on Diet. 
 
 Now the brigiit sun compacts the precious stone. 
 Imparting radiant lustre like his own. 
 
 Blackmore's Creat. 
 
 2. To make out of something. 
 If he. compact of jars, grow' musical. 
 
 We sh:Ul have shortly discord in the spheres. SJiak. 
 
 3. To league with. 
 
 Thou iieruicious woman. 
 Compact with her tJiat's gone, think'st thou thj 
 
 oaths. 
 'ITiough thev would swear down each particular 
 
 ~ fact," 
 Were testimonies? Shaheip. Measure/or ilcaiure. 
 
 355
 
 C O M 
 
 4. To join together; to bring into a 
 
 system. 
 We see the world so compacted, that each thing 
 
 preserveth other things, and also itself. Hooker. 
 Compa'ct. adj. [compactus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Firm; solid; close; dense; of firm 
 
 texture. 
 
 Is not the density greater in free and open 
 spaces, void of air and other grosser bodies, than 
 within the pores of water, glass, crystal, gems, and 
 other compact bodies. Acictmi 5 Opticks. 
 
 Without attraction, the dissevered particles of 
 the chaos could never convene into such great 
 compact masses as the planets. Bentley. 
 
 2. Composed ; consisting. 
 The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, 
 
 Are of imagination all compact. Shakesp. 
 
 A wand'ring fire, 
 Compact of unctuous vapour, which the night 
 And the cold environs around condenses. 
 Kindled through agitation to a flame. Milton. 
 
 3. Joined; held together. 
 In one hand Pan has a pipe of seven reeds, 
 
 cumpart with wax together. Peacham. 
 
 4. Brief, and well connected ; as, a com- 
 pact discourse. 
 
 Where a foreign tongue is elegant, expressive, 
 close, and compact, we must study the utmost force 
 of our language. Felton. 
 
 Compa'ctedness. n. s. [from compact- 
 ed.] Firmness; density. 
 
 Sticking or compactedness, being natural to den- 
 sity, requires some excess of gravity in proportion 
 to the density, or some other outward violence, to 
 break it. Digbi/on Bodies. 
 
 Those atoms are supposed infrangible, ex- 
 tremely compacted and hard ; which compactedness 
 and hardness is a demonstration that nothinccould 
 Vje produced by thera. Ckeyne. 
 
 Compa'ctly. adv. [from co}npact.] 
 
 1. Closely; densely. 
 
 2. With neat joining; with good com pac- 
 ture. 
 
 Compactness, n. s. [from compact.] 
 Firmness ; closeness ; density. 
 
 Irradiancy or sparkling, found in many gems, 
 is not discoverable in tliis, for it cometh short of 
 tlleir compactness and durity. Broun. 
 
 The best lime mortar will not have attained its 
 utmost compactness, till fourscore years after it lias 
 been employed in building. This is one reason 
 why, ill demolishing ancient fabrics, it is easier to 
 break the stone than the mortar. Boule. 
 
 The rest, by reason of the compactness of terres- 
 trial matter, cannot make its way to wells. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Gompa'cture. n. s. [from compact.] 
 Structure ; manner in which any thing 
 is joineil together ; compagination. A 
 good word, but not in use. 
 
 And over it a fair portcullis hung. 
 Which to the gate directly did iucRne, 
 With comely compass, and compacture strong. 
 Neither unseemly short, nor yet exceeding long. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 COMPA'GES. n. s. [Lat.] A system of 
 many ])arts united. 
 
 The organs in animal bodies are only a regular 
 compages of pipes and vessels, for the fluids to pass 
 through. Ray. 
 
 Compagina'tion. n. s. [cumpago, Lat.] 
 Union ; structure ; jimction ; con- 
 nexion; contexture. 
 
 The iutire or broken compagination of the mag- 
 nctical fabrick under it. Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Co'.MPANABLENESS. n. s. [from com- 
 paii!/.] The quality of being a good 
 companion ; sociableness. A word not 
 now in use. 
 
 His eyes full of merry simplicity, his words of 
 liearty companableness. Sidney. 
 
 c o 
 
 COMPANIABLE. adj. 
 
 M 
 
 [from company."] 
 Social ; having the quahties of a com- 
 panion ; sociable ; maintaining friendly 
 intercourse. 
 
 Towards his queen he was nothing uxorious, 
 but com^antafc/e and re9})ective. Bacons Henry WV. 
 
 Compa'nion. n. s, [compagnon, Fr,] 
 
 1. One with whom a man frequently con- 
 verses, or with whom he shares his hours 
 of relaxation. It differs fvoin fiiend, as 
 acquaintance from confidence. 
 
 How now, my lord ? why do you keep alone ? 
 Of sorriest fancies your com-pamom make ? 
 
 Shakef-p. Macbeth 
 Some friend is a compatiion at the lahle, and «ill 
 not continue in the day of thy atHictittn. 
 
 Eccles. y\. 10. 
 With anxious doubts, with raging pa:^sions torn, 
 No sweet cmnpatiion near with wliom to mourn. 
 
 Prio}'. 
 
 2. A partner ; an associate. 
 
 Epapliroditus, my brother and companion in la- 
 bour, and fellow soldier. Ph'd. n. 25. 
 
 Bereav'd of iiappiness, thou raay'st partake 
 His punishment, eternal misery ; 
 Wliich would be all his solace and revenge, 
 Thee once to gain companion of his woe. Milton. 
 
 3. A familiar term of contempt ; a fellow. 
 
 Iscornyou, scurvy companion! What? you poor, ', 
 base, rascally, cheating, iack-linnen mate ! aw 
 you mouldy rogue, away ! Shakesp. Henrij IV. 
 
 It gives boldness to every petty compariion ti 
 s;Tead rumours to my defamation, where 1 cannol 
 be present. Raleigh 
 
 Compa'nion ABLE, adj. [from compa 
 7iion.] Fit for good fellowship ; social ; 
 agreeable. 
 
 He had a more companionable wit, and swayed 
 more among the good fellows. Clarendon. 
 
 Compa'nionably. adv. [from compa- 
 nionable.] In a companionable manner. 
 
 Compa'nionship. n. s, [from compa- 
 nion'] 
 
 1. Company; train, 
 Aicibiades, and some twenty horse, 
 
 All of companionship. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 2. Fellowship ; association. 
 
 If it be honour in your wars to seem 
 The same you are not, which, for your best ends.. 
 You call your policy ; how is 't less, or worse, 
 'Jhat it shall hold companionship in peace 
 Witli honour as in war ' Shakesp. Coriolanus 
 
 CO'MPANY. ft. s. [compagnie, Fr. ; 
 either from con and pagus one of the 
 same town ; or con and pants one that 
 eats of the same mess.] 
 
 1 . Persons asseiiibled together ; a body ol 
 men. 
 
 Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet ; 
 Take all his company along with liim. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 Honest company, I ihank you all, 
 That have beheld me give away myself 
 To this most patient, sweet, and virtuous wife. 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 2. Persons assembled for the entertainment 
 of each other; an assembly of pleasure. 
 
 A crowd is not company; and faces are but a 
 gallery of pictures, where there is no love. 
 
 Bacons Essays 
 
 ;J. Persons considered as assembled for 
 conversation ; or as capable of conver- 
 sation and mutual entertainment. 
 
 Monsieur Zuliclicra came to me among the rest 
 of the good company of the town. Temple. 
 
 Knowledge of men and manners, the freeclom 
 of habitudes, and conversation with the best rem 
 pany of both sexes, is necessary. Dryden 
 
 COM 
 
 4. The state of a companion; the act of ac- 
 companying; ; conversation ; fellowship. 
 
 It is more pleasant to enjoy the company of him 
 that can speak such words, than by such words to 
 be persuaded to follow solitariness. Sidney. 
 
 Nor will I wretched thee 
 In death forsake, but keep llice company. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 Abdallah grew by degrees so enamoured of her 
 conversation, that he did not think he lived when 
 he was not in company with his beloved Balsora. 
 
 Gnardian. 
 
 5. A number of persons united for the 
 execution or performance of any thing ; 
 a band. 
 
 Shakespeare was an actor, when there were 
 seven companies of players in the town together. 
 
 Dewiii. 
 
 6. Persons united in a joint trade or part- 
 nership. 
 
 7. A number of someparticularrankorpro- 
 fession, united by some charter; a body 
 corporate ; a subordinate corporation. 
 
 This emperor seems to have been tlie first who 
 incorporated the several trades of Rome into com- 
 panies, with their particular pri-vileges. 
 
 Arbiuhnot on Coins. 
 
 8. A subdivision of a regiment of foot; so 
 many as are under one captain. 
 
 Every captain brought with him thrice so many 
 in his company as was expected. 
 
 Knotles's History of the Turks. 
 
 g f To bear Company. \ Toaccontipany; 
 J To keep Company. § to associate 
 with ; to be companion to. 
 
 I do desire thee 
 
 To bear me company, and go with me, Shakesp. 
 
 Those Indian wives arc loving fools, and may 
 
 do well to keep company with the Arrias and Portiaj 
 
 of old Rome. Dryden. 
 
 Admitted to that equal sky, 
 His faithful dog shall 6earhim company.' 
 
 Pope's Essat] on Man. 
 
 Why should he call her whore ? Who keeps her 
 
 company ? Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 10. To keep Company. To frequent houses 
 of entertainment. 
 
 11. Sometimes in an ill sense. 
 To Co'mfany. r. n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 accompany ; to attend ; to be compa- 
 nion to ; to be associated with. 
 
 I am 
 The soldier that did company these three. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymheline. 
 
 Thus, through what path soe'er of life we rove, 
 
 Ragocom/janies our hate, and grief our love. Prior. 
 
 To Co'mpany. v. n. 
 
 1. To associate one's self with. 
 
 I wrote to you not to company with fornicators. 
 
 1 Cor. V. 9. 
 
 2. To be a gay companion. Obsolete. 
 For there thou needs must learn to laugh, to lye. 
 
 To face, to forge, to scoif, to company. 
 
 Spenser s Hubberd's Tale. 
 Co'mparable. adj. [from To compare.] 
 Worthy to be compared ; of equal 
 regard; wortliy to contend for pre- 
 ference. 
 
 This present world affordeth not any thine com- 
 parable unto the publi»k duties of religion. Hooker. 
 A man comparable with any of the captains of 
 that age, an excellent soldier both by sea and land. 
 Knolles's Historii of the Turks. 
 There is no blessing of life comparable to the en- 
 joyment of a discreet and virtuous friend. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 Co'mparably. adv. [from comparable.] 
 
 In a manner or degree worthy to be 
 
 compared. 
 
 There could uo form for such a royal use be 
 
 356
 
 COM 
 
 comparably imagined, like tliat of the foresaid na- 
 tion. tVotton's Architecture. 
 Compa'RATES. n. s. [from compare.] 
 In logick, the two things compared to 
 one another. 
 Compa'rative. adj. [comparativus,Lat.] 
 J. Estimated by comparison; not posi- 
 tive ; not absolute. 
 
 'I liuu wurt dignified enough, 
 Ev'n to the point of envy, if 'twere made 
 Comparntive for your virtues, to be stiled 
 The under lianguian of liis realm. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymheline. 
 There reslcth the comparntive, tliat is, granted 
 that it is either hiwfuf or binding ; yet whetlier 
 other things be not to be preferred before (he ex- 
 tirpation of heresies. liacon. 
 The bhjssoin is a positive good ; although the 
 remove of it, to give place to the fruit, be a com- 
 paratiie c:(w(\. Bacim. 
 This linbble, by reason of its comparative levity 
 to the fluid that incloses it,\vould necessarily ascend 
 to the top. Bentlei/. 
 
 2. Having the power of comparing dif- 
 ferent things. 
 
 Beauty is not known by an eye or nose ; it con 
 sists in a sy unuetry , and it'is tlie comparative faculty 
 which notes it. GlanviUe's Scepsis Scieniijicu. 
 
 3. [In grammar.] The comparative degree 
 expresses more of any quantity in one 
 thing than in another; as, the right 
 hand is the stronger. 
 
 Co.MPARATivELY. adi'. [from compara- 
 tive.] In a state of comparison ; accord- 
 ing to estimate made by comparison ; 
 not positively. 
 
 The good or evil, which is removed, may be 
 esteemed good or evil comparatively, and not posi- 
 tively or suiiply. Bucon. 
 
 In this world, whatever is called good, is com- 
 paratively with other things of this kind, or with 
 the evil mingled in its composition; so he is a 
 good man that is better than men commonly are, 
 or in whom the good qualities are more than the 
 bad. Temple. 
 
 The vegetables being coniparalieely lighter than 
 the ordinary terrestrial matter of the gtohe, sub- 
 sided last. Wooduard. 
 
 But how few, comparatively, are the instances 
 of this wise application ! Rogers. 
 
 To COMPARE. V. a. [comparo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To make one thing the measure of ano- 
 ther; to estimate the I'elative goodness 
 or badness, or other qualities of any one 
 thing, by observing how it differs from 
 something else. 
 
 1 will hear Brutus si)eak. 
 
 X will licar Cassias, and compare their reasons. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Tliey raeasurinc themselves by themselves, an<l 
 comparing themselves among themselves, are not 
 wise. _ S; Cor. x. 12. 
 
 No man can think it grievons, who considers 
 the pleasure and sweetness of love, and the glo- 
 rious victory of overcoming evil with good ; and 
 then compares these with the restless torment, and 
 perpelual tumults, of a malicious and revengeful 
 spint.. Tiltotso,,. 
 
 He that has got the ideas of numbers, and lialh 
 taken the pains to compare one, two, and three, to 
 six, cannot chuse but know they are equal. 
 
 Loche. 
 
 Thus much of the wrong judgment men make 
 of present and future pleasure and pain, when thcv 
 are compared together.aud so the absent considere'd 
 as future. Lociie. 
 
 2. It may be observed, that when the 
 comparison intends only similitude or 
 illustration by likeness, we nse to before 
 the thing brought for illustration; as, 
 he compared anger to a fire. 
 
 COM 
 
 Solon cmnpared the people unto the sea, and ora- 
 tors anri counsellors to the winds ; for that tiie sea 
 woulrl be calm and quiet, if the winds did not 
 trouble it. Bacon's Apophthegms. 
 
 3. When two persons or things are com- 
 pared, to discover their relative propor- 
 tion of any quality, with is used before 
 the thing used as a measure. 
 
 Black Macbeth 
 Will seem as pure as snow, beini^ compard 
 With, ra^' confincless harms. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To compare 
 Small thiii£;s with greatest. Milt. Par. Reg 
 
 He c;irvM in ivory such a maid so fair, 
 As nature could nut with his art compare. Drxjden. 
 
 If he compares this translation uith the original, 
 he will lind tiiatthe three first stanzas are rendered 
 almost word for word. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 4. To compare is in Spenser used after the 
 Latin co?npai'o for to get; to procure; 
 to obtain. 
 
 But, bo*i) from back and belly, still did spare 
 To iill his bags, and riches to compare. Fairy Q. 
 
 Compa're. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, The state of being compared; compa- 
 rative estimate; comparison; possibihty 
 of entering into comparison. 
 
 Tiiere 1 tht- rarest things have seen. 
 Oh, things without compare! Suckling. 
 
 As llieir siuaU galle_)'s may not hold compare 
 With our tall ships. Waller. 
 
 Beyond compare the Son of God was seen 
 IMost glorious. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 2. Simile: similitude; illustration by com- 
 parison. 
 
 True swains in love shall, in theworld to come. 
 Approve their truths by Troilusj wlicn their 
 
 rliiines, 
 Full of protest, and oath, and big compare. 
 Want similies. Shak. TroHtis and Crcssida. 
 
 Compa'rison. w. 5. [comparaison, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The act of comparing. 
 
 Natnlis Comes, comparing his parts with those 
 
 of a man, reckons his claws among them, which 
 
 arc much more like those of a lion : so easy it is 
 
 to drive on tlie comparison too far to make it good. 
 
 Greiv's Musit'um. 
 
 Our author saves rac the comparison with tra- 
 gedy ; fur he says, that herein he is to imitate 
 tlie 'tragick poet." ^ Vryden. 
 
 2. The state of being compared. 
 
 If we will rightly estimate what we call good 
 and evil, we shall lind it lies much in comparison. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Objects near our view are apt to be thouglit 
 greater than those of a larger size that arc mure 
 leniote ; and so it is with pleasure and pain : the 
 
 {Present is apt to carry it, and tliose at a distance 
 lave the disadvantage in the comparison. Locke. 
 
 3. A comparative estimate ; proportion. 
 
 If men would live as rcligloa requires, the 
 world would be a rnost lovely and desirable place, 
 in comparison of what now it is. Tillotson. 
 
 One can scarce imagine how so plentiful a soil 
 should become so miserably unpeopled, in com- 
 2)arison of what it once was. 
 
 Addison's Remarks on Ilalu. 
 
 4. A simile in writing or speaking; an 
 illustration by similitude. 
 
 As fair and as good a kind of hand in hand com- 
 parison, had been something too fair and too good 
 for any lady. Shakesp. 
 
 5. [In grammar.] The formation of an 
 adjective through its various degrees 
 of signification ; as, sti^Ofi^, strojiger, 
 stroiigest. 
 
 To COMPART, t'. a. [compartir, Fr. 
 from co?i and partior, Lat.] To divide; 
 to mark out a general design into its 
 various parts and subdivisions. 
 
 1 make haste to the casting and comparting of 
 the whole work, JtWon'i ATchittcture. 
 
 COM 
 
 Compa'rtiment. n. s, [compartment, 
 Fr.] A division of picture, or design. 
 
 The circumference is divided iiit j twelve com- 
 partimcnts, each containing a complete picture. 
 
 Pope. 
 CoMPAUTlTION. «. *. [from compart.] 
 
 1 . The act of comparting or dividing. 
 
 I will come to the compartition, by which the 
 authors of this art understand a graceful and use- 
 ful distribution of the whole groundplot, both for 
 rooms of otTice and entertainment. Wotton. 
 
 2, The parts marked out, or separated ; a 
 separate part. 
 
 Their temples and amphitheatres needed no 
 compart it ions. Wottan's Architecture. 
 
 Compartment, n. «. [from comparti- 
 meiity Fr.] Division; separate part of 
 a design. 
 
 I'lie s(|uare will make you ready for all manner 
 of compartments, bases, pedestals, anrl buildings. 
 Peacham on Drauing. 
 
 To CO'MPASS. V. a. [compasser, Fr. 
 
 compassarcj Ital. pasaibus rtutiri, Lat.] 
 !. To encircle ; to environ; to surround; 
 to inclose : it has sometimes around, or 
 about, added. 
 
 A darksome way. 
 That deep descended through the hollow ground. 
 And was with dread and horrour compassed around. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 1 see thee compass'd w ith thy kingdom's peers. 
 That speak my salutation in tlieir minds. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Now all the blessings 
 Of a glad father compass ihec about fSHak. Tempest. 
 The shady trees cover him with iheir shadow ; 
 tlie willows of tlie brook compass him about. 
 
 Job, xi ee. 
 
 Observe the crowds that compass him around. 
 
 Dry den's Virgil. 
 To dare that death, I will approach yet nigner ; 
 Thus wert thou compassed with circling fire. 
 
 Dry den, 
 
 2. To walk round any thing. 
 
 Old Chnriiieus compass'd thrice the crew. 
 And dipp'd an olive-branch in holy dew, 
 Which thrice he sprinkled round. 
 
 Drydcn's JEneid, 
 
 3. To beleaguer ; to besiege ; to block. 
 
 'i'hine enemies shall casta trench about thee, and 
 compass tiiee round, and keep thoe in on evcrv side. 
 
 Luke, XIX, ■^. 
 
 4. To gi'asp ; to inclose in the arras ; to 
 seize. 
 
 5. To obtain; to procure; to attain; to 
 have in tlie power. 
 
 That which by wisdom he saw to be requisite 
 
 for that people, was by as great wisdom compassed* 
 
 Hooker's Preface. 
 
 His master being one of great regard. 
 In court to compass any suit not hard. 
 
 Hubbcrd's Tale. 
 
 If 1 can check my erring love, 1 will ; 
 If not, to compass her 111 n^e my skill. ShaJtesp. 
 
 How can you hope to compass your designs. 
 And not dissemble them? Denham's Sophv- 
 
 He had a mind to make him^Llf master of \\ ey- 
 moulli, if lie could compass it without engaging 
 his army before it. Clarindon. 
 
 The church of Rnme createth titular patriarchs 
 of Constantinople and Alexandria; so loth is the 
 nope to lose tlie remembraucc of any title that he 
 liath once compassed. Brereuvcd, 
 
 Invention is the first part and absolutely ne- 
 cessary to ihemholh ; yet no rule ever was, or ever 
 can be uiven, how lo compass it. Drydcn's Dufres. 
 
 The knowledge of what is good and what is 
 evil, what ought and what ouglit not to bo done. 
 is a thing too Tar^e to be compassed, and too hard lo 
 be mastered, wiiliout brains and study, parts and 
 contem^>lation. South. 
 
 In ev ry work regard the writer's end, 
 Since none cau cornpass more than tliey intend 
 
 Pope.
 
 COM 
 
 6. [In law.] To take measures prepara- 
 tory to any thing; as, /o compass /Af 
 death of the kiii^. 
 
 Compass. «. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Circle ; round. 
 
 Tills day I breathed first ; time is come round ; 
 And wliere I did begin, there shall I cud : 
 I\I_V ''ft' 19 run its compass. Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 2. Extent; leach; grasp. 
 
 O Juliet, 1 already know thy grief; 
 It strains mc past the compass of my wits. Shakesp. 
 
 i'hat which is out of the compass of any mun's 
 power, is to that man impossible. South" s Sermons. 
 
 How few tliere are ni\v he justly be^aiied, the 
 compass of them extending but from the time of 
 Hippocrates to iliat of Marcus Antoninus. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Animals In their generation are wiser than the 
 
 sons of men ; but their wisdom is confined to a 
 
 few particulars, and lies in a very narrow compass. 
 
 Addisirns Spectator. 
 
 This author hath tried tlie force and compuss of 
 our language with much success. ^ Swift. 
 
 5. Space ; room ; limits, either of time or 
 space. 
 
 No less than tlie compass of twelve books is 
 taken up in tliese. Pope's Essay on Homers Battles. 
 
 The English are good confederates in an enter- 
 prize which may be di>patched in a short compa.^s 
 of time. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 You have heard what hath been here done fur 
 tlie poor by tlie five hospitals and tlie workhouse, 
 ■^■ithin (iie*com;)(7SS of one year, and towards the 
 end of a long, expensive war. Atteiburij. 
 
 4. Enclosure ; circimnference. 
 
 And their mount Palatine, 
 Tb' imperial palace, compass huee, and high 
 The structure. Miltons Faradise Fegained. 
 
 Old Rome from such a race deriv'd her birth. 
 Which now on seven hii:h hills triumphant reigns, 
 And in that compass all the world contains. 
 
 Dri/dcns Virgil. 
 
 5. A departure from the right line; an 
 indirect advance ; as, to fetch a compass 
 round the camp, 
 
 6. Moderate space ; moderation; due li- 
 mits. 
 
 Certain it is, that in two hundred years before 
 ("I speak within compass) no such commission had 
 been executed in eitner of ttiese provinces. 
 
 Daincs on Ireland. 
 
 Nothing is likelier to keep a man within com- 
 pass, tiian the having constantly before his eyes 
 the state of his affairs, in a regular course of ac- 
 count. Locke. 
 
 7. The power of the voice to express the 
 notes of musick. 
 
 You would sound me from my lowest note to 
 the top of my compass. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 From harmony, from heavenly harmony, 
 This universal frame began : 
 
 from harmony to harmony 
 Through all the'compass of the notes it ran. 
 The diapason clusing full in man. Drpden. 
 
 (L [Thisisrarely used in the singular.] The 
 instrument Avith which circles are drawn. 
 
 If thej' be two, they are two so. 
 As stiff twin compasses are two : 
 Thy soul, the fixl foot, makes no show 
 To "move ; but doth, if th' other do. Donne. 
 
 In his hand 
 He took the golden cojnpasses, prepar'd 
 In God'fi eternal store, to circumscribe 
 This universe, and all created things. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 To fix one foot of their coynpass wherever they 
 think fit, and extend the other to such terrible 
 lengths, without describing any circumference at 
 all, is to leave us and themselves in a very uncer- 
 tain state. Siajt. 
 
 0. The instrument composed of a needle 
 and card, whereby mariners steer. 
 
 The breath of reiiiiion fills the sails; profit is 
 the compass by which factious men steer their 
 course. * ^i>iS Charles. 
 
 C O M 
 
 Rude as thtir ships wns navigation then. 
 No useful compass or meridian known : 
 
 Coasting they kept the land witliin their ken, 
 And knew nu north but when the pule-star shone. 
 
 Dry den. 
 With equal force the tempest blows by turns 
 From ev'ry corner of the seaman's compass. 
 
 Rou'e's Jane Shore. 
 He that first discovered the use of the compass, 
 did more for tlie supplying and increase of useful 
 commodities, than those who built workhouses. 
 
 Locke. 
 10, In old language there was a phrase, to 
 come in compass, to be brought round. 
 Compass-saw. w. s. 
 
 llie compass-saw should not have its teeth set, 
 as other saws have ; but the edge of it should be 
 raade so broad, and the hack so tliin, that it may 
 easily follow the broad edge. Its olRce is to cut 
 a round ; and therefore the edge must be made 
 broad, and the back thin, that the back may have 
 a wide kerf to turn in. Moioti. 
 
 COMPASSION, w. s. [compassion, Fr. 
 from con and potior, Lat] Pity ; com- 
 miseration ; sorrow for the sufferings 
 of others; painful sympathy. 
 Ye had compassion of mc in my bonds. 
 
 Hebrews, x. S-i. 
 Their angry hands 
 ]\Iy brothers hold, and vengeance these exact ; 
 This pleads ctmipassion, and repents the fact. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 Tlie good-natured man is apt to be moved with 
 compassion for those misfortunes or infirmities, 
 whicli another would turn into ridicule. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 To Compa'ssioN. V. a. [from the noun,] 
 To pity ; to compassionate ; to commi- 
 serate. A word scarcely used. 
 
 O heavens ! can yon hear a good man groan. 
 And not relent, or not compassion him ? 
 
 Shakesp. Titus Andro7iicus. 
 
 Compa'ssionate. adj. [from compas- 
 sion.] Inclined to compassion ; inclin- 
 ed to pity ; merciful; tender; melting; 
 soft ; easily affected with sorrow by the 
 misery of others. 
 
 There never was any heart truly great and ge- 
 nerous, that was not also tender and compassionate. 
 Soutli's Sermojis. 
 
 To Compa'ssionate. v, a, [from the 
 noun.] To pity ; to commiserate. 
 
 Experience layeth princes torn estates before 
 their eyes, and withal persuades them to compas- 
 sionate themselves. Raleigh. 
 
 Compassionates my pains, and pities me ! 
 What IS compassion, when 'tis void of love ? 
 
 Addison's Catn. 
 
 Compa'ssionately. adv. [froiTi compas- 
 sionate.] Mercifully ; tenderly. 
 
 The fines were assigned to the rebuilding St. 
 Paul's, and thought therefore to be the more se- 
 verely imposed, and the less compassionately reduc- 
 ed and ex:cused. Clartndvn. 
 
 CoMPATE'RNiTY. n. s. [cou and pattr- 
 nitas, Lat.] 
 
 Gossipred, or compatemity, by the canon law, is 
 a spiritual affinity ; and a juror that was gossip to 
 eitlier of the parties mi';iit, informer limes, have 
 been challenged as not niditferent by our law. 
 
 Diivies's Slate "/' Ireland. 
 
 Compatibility. ?i.s. [from compatible.] 
 Consistency ; the power of co-existing 
 with something else ; agreement with 
 anv thing. 
 
 COMPATIBLE, adj. [corrupted by an 
 unskilful compliance with pronuncia- 
 tion, from competihle, from competo, 
 Lat. to suit, to agree, ('vmpeiible is 
 found in good writers, and ought always 
 to be used,] 
 
 COM 
 
 1, Suitable to; fit for; consistent with ; 
 not incongruous to. 
 
 The object of the will is such a good as is com,' 
 patible to an intellectunl nature. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. Consistent; agreeable. 
 
 Our poets have joined together such qualities as 
 are by nature the most compatible ; valour with 
 anger, meekness with piety, and prudence with 
 dissimulation. Broome. 
 
 Compa'tibleness. w. s. [from compati' 
 
 bfe.] Consistency; agreement with any 
 
 thing. 
 Compatibly, adv. [from compatible.] 
 
 Fitly ; suitably. 
 Compa'tient. adj. [from cow and paiior, 
 
 Lat.] Suffering together. Diet. 
 
 Compa'triot. n.s. [from con arid patria, 
 
 Lat.] One of the same country. Diet. 
 
 The governor knew he was so circumspect as 
 not to adhere to any of the factions of the time, 
 in a neutrality inditlVrently and friendly entertain- 
 ing all his compatnots. Drnnwwnd. 
 
 Compeer, a. s. [compar, hat.] Equal; 
 companion ; colleague ; associate. 
 
 Sesostris, 
 That monarchs harness'd, to his chariot yok'd 
 Base servitude, and his dethron'd compeers 
 Lash'd furiously. Philips. 
 
 To Compeer, r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 be equal with ; to mate. 
 
 In his own grace he doth exalt himself 
 I\Iore than in your advancement. 
 — —In my right. 
 By me invested, he compeers the best. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 To COMPE'L. V. a. [compello, Lat.] 
 
 1. To force to some act; to oblige; to 
 constrain; to necessitate ; to urge irre- 
 sistibly. 
 
 You will compel me then to read the will ? 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Ceesar. 
 The spinners, carders, fullers, compcU'd by hun- 
 ger. 
 And lack of other means, in desp'rate manner 
 Daring th' event to the teeth, are all in uproar. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He refused, and said, 1 will not eat: but his 
 servants, together with the woman, compelled liim, 
 1 Samncl, xxvii. 23. 
 But first the lawless tyrant, who denies 
 To know their God, or message to regard, 
 Must be competed by signs and judgments dire. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 All these blessings could but enable, not compel, 
 
 us to be happy. Clarendon. 
 
 Whole droves of minds are by the driving gad 
 Cii?/j/'f//"d to drink the deep Lethean fiood. Dnjden. 
 
 2. To take by force or violence; to ravish 
 from ; to seize. This signification is 
 uncommon and harsh. 
 
 The subjects grief 
 Comes through commissionswhichcompW from each 
 I'he sixtii part of his substance, to be levied 
 ^Vi1hout delay. Shakesp. HenryVXll. 
 
 3. To gather together, and unite in a com- 
 pany. A Latinism, compe Here gre gem. 
 
 He to the town retum'd. 
 Attended by the chiefs who fought the field, 
 Kow friendfy mix'd, and in one troop compelVd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 4. To seize ; to overpower. 
 
 Our men secure nor guards nor Gentries held. 
 But easy sleep their weary limbs compelVd. Dryden. 
 
 Compe'llable. adj. {fvova compel.] That 
 
 may be forced. Perhaps it should be 
 
 compellible. 
 Compella'tion. n. s. [from compello. 
 
 Tat] The style of address ; the word 
 
 of salutation, 
 
 358
 
 COM 
 
 The stile best fitted for all persons, on all occa- 
 sions, to use, is the amipftlatiitH of Father, which 
 our Saviour first taiit:lit. Dtippas Rtitfs nf Devotion. 
 
 The peculiar compettation of the kiups in France, 
 is by sire, which is uothingelse haifalhcr. Temple. 
 
 Compe'ller. n. s. [from compd.'\ He 
 that forces another. 
 
 CO'MPEND. n. s. {compendium, Lat.] 
 Abridgment; summary; epitome; con- 
 traction ; breviate. 
 
 Fix in niemorv the discourses, and abstract them 
 into brief compent/s. Watts $ Improvement oj the Mind. 
 
 Compendia'rious. adj. [compendiarius, 
 Lat.] Short ; contracted ; summary ; 
 abridged . 
 
 CoMPENDio'siTY. ti. s. [from cumpendi- 
 ous.] Shortness ; contracted brevitj'. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Compe'ndious. adj. [{rom compendium.] 
 Short; summary; abridged; compre- 
 hensive ; holding much in a narrow 
 space ; direct ; near ; by which time is 
 saved, and circuition cut off. 
 
 Thev learned more compendious and expeditious 
 ■wa)-s, whereby they shortened their labours, and 
 gained time. Woodieard. 
 
 Compe'ndiously. adv. [?rom compendi- 
 otts.] .Shortly ; in a short method ; 
 summarily ; in epitome. 
 
 By the apostles we have the substance of Chris- 
 tian belief compendioiLsiy drawn into few and short 
 articles. Hooker. 
 
 The state or condition of matter, before the 
 world was a making, is Ci);nj;eHrfi()iis/y expressed ^y 
 the word chaos. * Bentteij. 
 
 Compe'ndiousness. U.S. [ivom compen- 
 dious.] Shortness ; brevity ; compre- 
 hension in a narrow compass. 
 
 The inviting easiness and compendiojisness of this 
 asset tion, should dazzle the eyes. Bentley's Senyioju. 
 
 COMPENDIUM, n. s. [Lat.] Abridg- 
 ment ; summary ; breviate ; abbrevia- 
 ture ; that which holds much in a narrow 
 room ; the near way. 
 
 After we are grown well acquainted with a 
 short system, or compendium of a science, which is 
 written in the ])lainest and most sim| le manner, 
 it is then proper to read u larger regular treatise 
 on that subject. ]Valtioiithe Mind. 
 
 Compe'nsable. adj. [compensate.] That 
 
 which may be recompensed. 
 To COMPE NSATE v. a. [compcnso, Lat.] 
 To recompense ; to be equivalent to ; 
 to counterbalance ; to countervail ; to 
 make amends for. 
 
 The length of the night, and the dews thereof, 
 doct>m;jerwu(e t'le heat of the day. Bacon's A^ut. Hist. 
 
 The pleasures of life do not compensate tlie mise- 
 ries. Prior. 
 
 Nature to these, without profusion kind, 
 The proper organs, proper pow'rs, assign'd ; 
 Each seeming want compensated of course. 
 Here with degrees of swiftness, there of force. Pope. 
 
 Compensa'tion. n. «. [from compensate.] 
 Recompence ; something equivalent : 
 amends. 
 
 Poynings, the belter to make compensation of his 
 service in the wars, called a parliament. Bacon. 
 
 All other debts may compensation find ; 
 But love is strict, and will be paid in kind. 
 
 Vrydens Aurengzebe. 
 
 Compe'nsative. adj. [from compensate.] 
 
 That which compensates ; that which 
 
 countervails. 
 
 To Compe'nse. v. a. [compenso, Lat.] 
 
 To compensate ; to countervail ; to be 
 
 COM 
 
 equivalent to ; to counterbalance ; to 
 recompense. 
 
 It seeincih, the weight of the quicksilver doth 
 not conipciise the weight of a stone, more than the 
 weitjht of the aqua-fortis. Bacon*s Natural Historit- 
 
 The joys of the two marriages were compensed 
 
 with the iDouniings and funeralsof prince Arthur. 
 
 Bacons /ienry Vll. 
 
 ToCOMPERE'NDINATE. v. a. [com- 
 
 perendinOj Lat.] To delay. 
 Comperendina'tion. n. s, [from com- 
 
 perendiiuite.l Delay ; dilatoriness. 
 Co'mpetence. )^ 71. 5. [from compe- 
 
 COMPETENCY. j tent.] 
 
 1. Such a quantity of any thing as is suf- 
 ficient, u'ithout superfluity. 
 
 Something of speech is to he indulged to com- 
 mon civility, more tointimacies, and a competencu 
 to those recreative discourses whicli niaintuin the 
 chearfuhiess of society. Gov. of the Tongue. 
 
 2. Such a fortune as, without exuberance, 
 is equal to the necessities of life. 
 
 YoT competence of life I will allow you, 
 That lack of means enforce yon nut to evil. 
 
 Sha'kcsp. Heiiry IV. 
 It is no mean happiness to be seated in the 
 raean : supertlulty comes sooner by white hairs, 
 but compefe/icv lives longer. Shak. Merck, of Venice. 
 A discreet (earned clerg^'man, with a competency 
 fit for one uf his education, may be an entertaining, 
 an useful, and souietimes a necessary companion. 
 
 Swift. 
 Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, 
 Lie in three words, health, peace, and competence. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. [In law.] The power or capacity of a 
 judge or courts for taking cognisance of 
 an affair. 
 
 COMPETENT, adj. [competens, Lat] 
 
 1. Suitable; fit; adequate; proportionate. 
 If there be ni\y power in imagi:iatiun, the dis- 
 tance must be competent, the medium not adverse, 
 and the body apt and proportionate. Bac. Nat. His. 
 
 2. Adapted to any purpose without defect 
 or superfluity. 
 
 Tlie greatest captain of the Enghsh brought ra- 
 ther a guard, than a competent arnn-, to recover 
 Ireland. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 To draw men from great excess, it is not amiss, 
 though we use them unto somewhat less than is 
 competent. Hooker. 
 
 3. Reasonable ; moderate. 
 
 A competent number of the old being first read, 
 the new sliould succeed. Hooker. 
 
 The clergy have gained some insif^ht into men 
 and things, and a couipetent knowledge of (he 
 world. Atterhnrij s Sermons. 
 
 4. Qualified; fit: SLCompcteiit ]\idge, is one 
 whohas a rightof jurisdiction in the case. 
 
 Let us first consider liow competent we are for the 
 office. Govermnent of tlie Tongue. 
 
 5. Consistent with ; incident to. 
 
 That is the privilege of the Intinite Author of 
 things, who never slumbers nor sleeps, but is not 
 competent to any fitiite being. Locke. 
 
 Co'mpetently. adv. \from co7npc tent.] 
 
 1. Adequately ; properly. 
 
 I tliink it iiath het-n competentlii proved. Bentleij. 
 
 2. Reasonably ; moderately ; M'ithout su- 
 perfluity or want. 
 
 Some places require men competently endowed ; 
 but none think the appointment to be a duty of 
 justice bound to respect desert. Woiton. 
 
 COMPETIBLE. adj. [from compefo, Lat. 
 
 For this word a corrupt orthography 
 
 has introduced compatible.] Suitable 
 
 to ; consistent with. 
 It is not coinvetibte with the grace of God so 
 
 much as to iuchne any man to do evil. 
 1 Hammond on Fundamentals, 
 
 C O M 
 
 Those are properties not at all competibU to body 
 or matter, tliough of never so pure a mixture. 
 
 Glanviiie. 
 
 The duration of eternity a'^/arte ante is Juch as 
 is only compctible to the eternal God, and not com- 
 municable to any created being. .Sir Matthew Hale. 
 
 CoMPETiBLENESS. «. *. [from comptti- 
 
 hle^ Suitableness ; fitness. 
 COMPETITION, n. s. [from con and 
 
 petitio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of endeavouring to gain wliat 
 another endeavours to gain at the same 
 time ; rivalry : contest. 
 
 The ancient flames of discord and intestine wars, 
 upon the competition of both houses, would agaiu 
 return. Bacon, 
 
 A portrait, with which one of Titian's could 
 not come in mmpctition. Dri/dens DiijTesnou. 
 
 Tbough what produces any degree of pleasure 
 he in itself good, and what is apt to produce any 
 degree of pain be evil, yet often we ao not call it 
 so; when it comes in competit'wn : tlie degrees also 
 of pleasure and pain have a preference. Locke. 
 
 We should he ashamed to rival infcriours, and 
 dishonour our nature by so degrading a com;?ct(((>n. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 2. Double claim ; claim of more than one 
 to one thing : anciently with to. 
 
 Competition to the crown there is none, nor can 
 be. Bacon. 
 
 3. Now with /or. 
 
 The prize of beauty was disputed till you were 
 seen ; but now all pretenders have w ithdrawn their 
 claims : there is no competition but for the second 
 place. Drxfden. 
 
 Compe'titor. n. s. [con and petitor, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . One that has a claim opposite to ano- 
 ther's; a rival: with/or before the thing 
 claimed. 
 
 How furious and impatient they be, 
 And cannot brook competitors in love. 
 
 Shakesp. Titus Andronicut. 
 
 Some undertake suits with purpose to let them 
 fall, to gratify the competitor. Bacon. 
 
 Cicereius and Scipio were competitors for the of- 
 fice of praetor. Tatler. 
 
 He who trusts in God has the advantage in pre- 
 sent fehcity ; and, w hen we take futurity into the 
 account, stands alone, and is acknowledged to ha\-e 
 no competitor. Rogers. 
 
 2. It had formerly of before the thing 
 claimed. 
 
 Selymes, king of Algiers, was in arras against 
 his brother Mechemetes, competitor of the king 
 dom. Ktwlles's History 
 
 3. In Shakespeare it seems to signify only 
 an opponent. 
 
 The Guilfords are in arms. 
 And every hour more competitors 
 Flock to the rebels. Shakesp. Richard III 
 
 Compila'tion. n. s. [from compilo, LauJ 
 
 1. A collection from various authors. 
 
 2. An assemblage ; a coacervation. 
 
 There is in it a small vein tilled with spar, prr- 
 
 bably since the lime of the compilation of the mass 
 
 M oodveard on Fixsils. 
 
 To COMPrLE. v.o. [compilo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To draw up from various authors; to 
 collect into one body. 
 
 2. To write ; to compose. 
 
 In poetry llicv compile the praises of virtuoui 
 men and actions, and satires against vice. Temple. 
 
 Bv the afcouiits whicii atitliurs have left, tnej 
 might learn tliat llic face uf sea and land is tlis 
 same that it was wlicn tliose accounts were compil- 
 ed. Wotxiuard's Natural History, 
 
 Tlie regard lie had for his shield, had caused 
 hira formerly to compile a dissertation conct -ping 
 it. Arbuthntit and rope. 
 
 3. To contain; to comprise: not used. 
 
 359
 
 COM 
 
 After so long a race as I have run 
 Through fairv laud.whicli those six books (-ompi/c, 
 Give leave to rest me. 5/ifilsiT. 
 
 4. To make up ; to compose. Not used. 
 
 Liun like, iipiamlish and more wild, 
 Slave to Ills pride, and all his nerves being natu- 
 rally compii'd 
 Of eminent strength, stalks out and preysiipon a 
 silly sheep. Chapmun^s Iliad. 
 
 Compi'lement. n. s. [from compile.] 
 Coacervation ; the act of piling together; 
 the act of heaping up. 
 
 I was encouraged to assay how I could build a 
 man ; for there is a moral as well as a natural or 
 artilicial compikment, and of better materials. 
 
 Tl'iifton on Educathn. 
 
 Compi'ler. n. s. [from compile] A col- 
 lector; one who frames a composition 
 from various authors. 
 
 Some draw experiments into titles and tables ; 
 those we call compiler. Bocon's New Alalantis, 
 
 Some painful compilers, who will study old lan- 
 guage, may inform the world that Robert earl of 
 Oxlord was high treasurer. Swift. 
 
 Compla'cence. 7 n. s. [complacenlia. 
 Complacency. ) low Lat.] 
 
 1. Pleasure: satisfaction; gratification. 
 
 1 by conversing caimot these erect 
 I'rom prone, nor in their ways complacence find. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 When tlie supreme faculties move regularly, the 
 
 inferior affections following, there arises a serenity 
 
 and complaccncu upon the whole soul. South. 
 
 Diseases extremely lessen the complacence we 
 
 have in all the good things of iliis life. 
 
 Atterbur^j's Sennoiis. 
 
 Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man 
 
 with satisfaction and complacencp, if they discover 
 
 none of the like in tliemselves. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. The cause of pleasure ; joy. 
 
 O thou, in heav'n and earth the only peace 
 Found out for mankind under wrath ! O thou, 
 IMv sole complacence ! Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 3. Civility ; complaisance ; softness of 
 manners. 
 
 They were not satisfied with their governour, 
 and apprehensive of his rudeness and want of 
 complacencii. Clarendon. 
 
 His great humanity appeared in the benevolence 
 of his aspect, the complacency of his behaviour, and 
 the tone of his voice. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Complacency and truth, and manly sweetness, 
 Dwell ever on his tongue, and smootd his tlioughts. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Witn mean complacence ne'er betray your trust, 
 Nor be so civil as to prove unjust. Pope. 
 
 COMPLA'CENT. adj. [complacens. Lat.] 
 
 Civil; affable; soft; complaisant. 
 Tu COMPLAIN. V. n. [complaindre, Fr.] 
 
 1. To mention with sorrow or reseiit- 
 ment; to murtimr ; to lament. With 
 of before the cause of sorrow : some- 
 times with on. 
 
 L(;rf\ Hastings, 
 Humbly complaining to her deity, 
 Got my lord chamberlain his liljcrty. 
 
 Shahcsp. Richard III. 
 
 1 will speak in the anguish of my spirit ; I will 
 
 complain in the bitterness of my soul. Jot, vii. 11. 
 
 Shall I, like thee, oji Friday'night complain? 
 For on that day was Coeur de Leon slain. 
 
 Drydens Fdldes. 
 Do not all men complain, even these as well as 
 others, of" the great ignjrance of mankind ?_ 
 
 Burnet's Prcf'. to Theory of Earth. 
 Thus accurs'd. 
 In midst of water 1 complain o/' thirst. Dryden. 
 
 2. Sometimes with /or before the causal 
 noun. 
 
 AVlrerefore doth a living man complain, a man 
 fin- the jumishment of his sins ? Lam. iii. 39. 
 
 3. To inform against. 
 
 Now, master Shallow, you'll complain of me to 
 the council ? Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 COM 
 
 To Compla'in. v. a, [This sense is rare, 
 and perhaps not very proper.] To la- 
 ment ; to bewail. 
 
 Pale death our valiant leader hatli oppress'd, 
 Come wreak his loss whom bootless ye complain. 
 
 Fairfoj. 
 Gaufride, who couldst so well in rhime complain 
 The death of Richard, with an arrow slain. 
 
 Driidcn's Fables. 
 They might the grievance inwardly amplain. 
 But outwardly they needs must tcmpori/e. 
 
 Van. Civil War. 
 
 Compla'inant. n. s, [from complain.~\ 
 One who urges a suit, or commences a 
 prosecution, aijainst another. 
 
 Congreve and thl^ autluir are the most eager 
 complainants of the dispute. Collier's Defence. 
 
 Compla'iner. 7t. s. [from complain,'] 
 One who complains ; a raurmurer ; a 
 
 lamenter. 
 
 St. Jude observes, that the murmurers and com- 
 plainers are the same who speak swcllinc; words. 
 Government oftheTongne. 
 
 Philips is a comploiner ; and on this occasion I 
 told lord Carteret, that complainers never succeed 
 at court, tliout;h railers do. Swift. 
 
 Compla'int. n. s, [complainte, Fr.] 
 
 1. Representation of pains or injuries; 
 lamentation. 
 
 I cannot lind any cause of complaint, that good 
 laws liave so much been wanting; unto us, as we to 
 them. Hoohers Dedication. 
 
 As for me, is my complaint to man. Job, xxx. 4. 
 Adam saw 
 Already in part, tliough hid in gloomiest shade. 
 To sorrow abandon'd, but worst felt within. 
 And in a troubled sea of passion toss'd, 
 Thus to disburthen sought widi sad complaint. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. The cause or siibjectof complaint; grief. 
 
 The poverty of the clergy in England hath been 
 the complaint of all w ho wish well to the church. 
 
 Su-ift. 
 
 3. A malady ; a disease. 
 
 One, in a complaint of his bowels, was let blood 
 till he had scarce any left, and was perfectly cured. 
 
 Arhiithnot. 
 
 4. Remonstrance against ; infonnation 
 against. 
 
 Full cf vexation, come I with complaint 
 Against my child. Shah. Midsnm. Night's Dream. 
 
 In evil straight this da\- 1 stand 
 T^efore my judge, either to undergo 
 i\Iysclf the total crime, or to accuse 
 My other self, the partner of my life ; 
 \Vhose failing, while her faith to me remains, 
 I should conceal, and not e.\pose to blame 
 By my complaint ; but strict necessity 
 Subdues me, and calamitous constraint. Milton, 
 
 Against the goddess these complaints he made. 
 Dryden's /Eneid. 
 
 Complaisa'nce. w. s, [complaisance y 
 Fr.] Civility ; desire of pleasing ; act 
 of adulation. 
 
 Her deatli is but in complaisance to her. Dryden. 
 
 You must also be industrious to discover the opi- 
 nion of your enemies ; for you may be assured, 
 that they will give you no quarter, and allow no- 
 thing to cojiiplaUance. Drydens Dufresnoy, 
 
 Fair Venus wept the sad disaster 
 Of having lost her fav'rite dove : 
 In complaisance poor Cupid mourn'd ; 
 His grief relievM his mother's pain. Prior. 
 
 COMPLAISANT, adj. [complaisant, Fr.] 
 Civil ; desirous to please. 
 
 There are to whom my satire seems too bold ;] 
 Scarce to wise Peter coinplaisant enough, 
 And something said of Chartres much too rough. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Complaisa'ntly. adv, [from complais- 
 ayit,] Civilly; with desire to please ; 
 ceremoniously. 
 
 COM 
 
 In plenty starving, tantaiiz'd in statCy 
 And complaisantly help'd to ail 1 hate ; 
 Treated, caress'(f, and tir'd, I take my leave. PiTpe. 
 
 Complaisa'ntness. n, s. [from com- 
 plaisant.] Civility; compliance. Diet. 
 To Compla'NATe. \ V. a. [from planus. 
 To CoMPLANE. j Lat.] To level; 
 to reduce to a flat and even surface. 
 
 The vertebra of the neck and back-bone are 
 made short andcomplanat€d,-dn(i iirndy braced with 
 muscles. Derham. 
 
 CoMPLE'AT. See COMPLETE. 
 Co'mplement. 71. s. [complemenfum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Perfection ; fiilness ; completion ; com- 
 pletement. 
 
 Our custom is both to place it in the front of 
 our prayers as a guide, and to add it in the end of 
 some principal limbs or parts, as a complement 
 which fully perfecteth whatsoever may be defec- 
 tive in the'rest. Hooker. 
 
 They as they feasted had tlieir fill. 
 For a full complement of all their ill. liubhcrd's Tale. 
 
 For a complement of these blessings, they were 
 enjovcd by the protection of akint: of the most 
 harmless disposition, the most exemplary piety, the 
 greatest sobriety, chastity, and mercy. Clarendon. 
 
 The sensible nature, in its complement and inte- 
 grity, hath five exterior powers or faculties. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. Complete set; complete provision ; the 
 full quantity or number. 
 
 The god of love himself inhabits there.. 
 With all his rage, and dread, and crief, and care ; 
 His complement of stores, and total war. Prior. 
 
 3. Adscititious circumstances; appendages; 
 parts not necessary, but ornamental : 
 whence ceremony was called comple- 
 ment, now corrupted to compliment. 
 
 If the case perraitlcth not baptism to liave the 
 decent complements of baptism, better it were to 
 enjoy the body without Ids furniture, than to wait 
 for tliis, till the opportunity of that, for which we 
 desire it, be lost. Hooker. 
 
 These, which have lastly sprung np, hi comple- 
 ments, rites, and ceremonies of church actions, 
 are, in truth, for the greatest part, such silly 
 things, that very easiness doth make them hard 
 to be disputed of in serious manner. Hooker. 
 
 A doleful case desires a doleful song. 
 Without vain art or curious complements. Spenser. 
 
 Garnish'd and deck'd in modest compliment, 
 Notworking with the ear, but with the eye. Sliak. 
 
 4. [In geometry.] What remains of a 
 quadrant of a circle, or of ninety de- 
 grees, after any certain arch hath been 
 retrenched from it. 
 
 5. [In astronomy.] The distance of a star 
 from the zenith. 
 
 e. Complement of the Ciirtain, in fortifica- 
 tion, that part in the interiour side of it 
 which makes the demigorge. 
 
 7. Arithmetical Complement of a Loga- 
 rithm, is what the logarithm wants of 
 10,000,000. Chambers. 
 
 COMPLETE, adj. [completus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Perfect ; full ; having no deficiencies. 
 With us the reading of scripture is a part of our 
 
 church liturgy, a special portion of the service 
 which we do to God ; and not an exercise to spend 
 the time, when one doth wait for another coming, 
 till the assembly of them that shall afterwards 
 worship liim be complete. _ Hooker. 
 
 And ye are complete in him which is the head of 
 all principality and power. Coloss'uins, ii. 10. 
 
 Then marvel not, thou great and complete man. 
 That all the Greeks begin toworship Ajax. Shak. 
 
 2. Complete, having no degrees, cannot 
 properly admit more and most. 
 
 360
 
 COM 
 
 If any disposition shoulfl appear towards so good 
 a work, the assistance of tlie legislative power 
 would be necessary to make ii7nore complete. Swift 
 3. Finished ; ended ; concluded. 
 
 This course of vanity almost compicte, 
 Tir'd in the field of life, I hope retreat. Prior. 
 To Comple'te. v. a. [t'rom the noun.] 
 To perfect ; to finish. 
 Mr. Sanderson was completed master of arts. 
 
 Walton. 
 
 Bred only and completed to the taste 
 
 Of lustful appetence. Milton. 
 
 To town he comes, completes the nation's hope, 
 
 And heads the bold train'd-bands, and bums a 
 
 pope. Pope 
 
 Comple'tely. udv. [from complete. 
 Fully ; perfectly. 
 
 Then tell us, how you can your bodies roll 
 Through space, of matter so compUtelt) full ? 
 
 Blackmore 
 Whatever person would aspire to be completely 
 witty, smart, humorous, and polite, must be able 
 to retain in his memory every single sentence con- 
 tained in this work. ^^''ft. 
 Comple'tement. n.s. [from comphte- 
 ment, Fr.] The act of completing. 
 
 Allow me to give you, from the best authors, 
 
 the origin, the antiquity, the growth, the change, 
 
 and the completement of satire among the Romans. 
 
 Drxideni Dedication to Juvenal. 
 
 Comple'teness. n. s. [from complete.] 
 Perfection ; the state of being complete. 
 
 I cannot allow their wisdom such a completeness 
 and inerrability as to exclude myself. A'. Charles. 
 
 These parts go to make up the completeness of 
 any subject. Wattss Logick. 
 
 Comple'tion. n.s. [from complete.] 
 
 1 . Accomplishment ; act of fulfilling ; state 
 of being fulfilled. 
 
 There was a full entire harmony and consent of 
 all the divine predictions, receiving their comple- 
 tion in Christ. South. 
 
 2. Utmost height ; perfect state. 
 
 He makes it the utmost completion of an ill cha- 
 racter to bear a malevolence to the best men. Pope. 
 
 CO'MPLEX. \adj\ [cotnplexus, Lat.] 
 Comple'xed. J Composite; of many 
 parts ; not simple ; including many par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 To express compkied significations, they look a 
 liberty to compounti and piece togethercreatures of 
 allowable forms into mi.vtures inexistent. Brnmi. 
 
 Ideas made up of several simple ones, Icail com- 
 plex ; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, the uni- 
 verse ; which, though complicated of various sim- 
 ple ideas, or com^/^x ideas made up of simple ones, 
 yet are considered each by itself as one. Locke. 
 
 A secondary essentia! mode, called a property, 
 sometimes goes toward making up the essence of 
 a complex being. Watts. 
 
 With such perfection frara'd 
 Is this complex stupendous scheme of things. 
 
 Thomson's Spring. 
 
 Co'mplex. n.s, [from the adjective.] 
 Complication ; collection. 
 
 This parable of the wedding supper comprehends 
 in it the whole complex of all the blessings and pri- 
 ^'ileges exhibited by the gospel. South s Sermoiis. 
 
 Comfle'xedness. n.s. [from complex,] 
 Complication ; involution of many par- 
 ticular parts in one integral ; contra- 
 riety to simplicity ; compound state or 
 nature. 
 
 From the eomplexedness of these moral Ideas, 
 there follows another inconvenience, that the mind 
 cannot easily retain those precise combinations. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Complexion, n.s. [comphxio, Lat.] 
 1, The inclosure or involution of one thing 
 in another. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 COM 
 
 Though the terms of propositions ma^- be com- 
 plex, yet where the comjiusition uf the argument 
 IS plain, simple, and regular, it is properly called 
 a simple syllogism, since the complexion docs not 
 belong to the .syllogistick form of it. W atti. 
 
 2. The colour of the external parts of any 
 body. 
 
 Men judge by the compleiion of the sky 
 The state and inclination of the day. 
 
 Shakesp. BichardW. 
 
 What sec you in those papers, that you lose 
 So much complexion^ Shakesj). Henry \ . 
 
 He so lakes on yonder, so rails against all mar- 
 ried mankind, so curves all Eve's danghu-rs, of 
 what complciion soever. Shakcsp. 
 
 Why duth not beauty then refine the wit. 
 And good complexion rectify the will ? Duvics. 
 
 Niceness, though it renders tliem insignificant to 
 great purposes, yt^t it polislies iheir compteiion, 
 and makes their spirits seem more vigorous. 
 
 Coiiier on Pride. 
 
 If I write on a black man, I run over all the 
 eminent personsof ihni complexion. Addison's ■'^pcct. 
 
 S. The temperature of the body, accord- 
 ing to the various proportions of the 
 four medical humours. 
 
 'Tis ill, though dilFerent your complexions are, 
 Tlie family of neav'u for men should war. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 For from all tempers he could service draw ; 
 The worth of each, with its allay, he knew ; 
 
 And, as the confident of nature, saw 
 How she complexions did divide and brew. Dryd. 
 
 The methods of providence, men of this com- 
 plexion must be unfit for the contemplation of. 
 
 Burnet's Theory nf' the Earth. 
 
 Let melancholy rule supreme, 
 Choler preside, or blood, or phlegm. 
 It makes no ditTrence in the case. 
 Nor is complexion honour's place. Suif't. 
 
 Comple'xional. odj. [from complexion.] 
 Depending on tlie complexion or tem- 
 perament of the body. 
 
 Men and other animals receive different tinc- 
 tures from compleiional cfflorescencies, and de- 
 scend still lower as they partake of the fuliginous 
 and denigrating humours. Brou^n. 
 
 Ignorance, where it proceeds from earl3' or cnm- 
 plexional prejudices, will not wholly exclude from 
 favour of God. Fiddts. 
 
 Comple'xionally. adv. [from com- 
 plexion,] By complexion. 
 
 An Indian king sent unto Alexander a fair wo- 
 man, fed with poisons, either by converse or co- 
 pulation complexionally to destroy him. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Frronrs. 
 
 Comple'xly. adv. [from complex.] In 
 a complex manner; not simply. 
 
 Coimple'xness. n. s. [from complex.] 
 The state of being complex. 
 
 Comple'xure. n. s. [from complex.] 
 The involution or complication of one 
 thing with others. 
 
 Compli'ance. n.s, \f i-oxn comply.] 
 
 1. The act of yielding to any desire or de- 
 mand; accord; submission. 
 
 1 am far from excusing that compliance, for ple- 
 nary consent it was not, to his destruction. 
 
 A"(7j^ Charles. 
 
 We are free from any necessary determination 
 of our will to any parUcuUir action, and from a 
 necessary compliance with our desire, set upon any 
 particular, and then appearing preferable, eoodr 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Let the king meet compliance in y(mr looks, 
 A free and ready yielding to his w ishes. ^ _ Howe. 
 
 The actions "tu" which the world solicits our 
 compliance, are siiis, which forfeit eternal expec- 
 tations. Rogers. 
 
 What compliances will remove dissension, while 
 the liberty continues of professing what new opi- 
 nions we please •* Swift. 
 
 C O M 
 
 2. A disposition to yield to others ; com- 
 plaisance. 
 
 He was a man of few words, and of ^eat com- 
 pliance; and usually delivered that as his opinion, 
 which he foresaw would be grateful to the king. 
 
 Clarendinu 
 
 Compli'ant. adj. [from comply.] 
 I. Yielding; bending. 
 
 The compliant boughs 
 Yielded lliem. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 '2. Civil ; complaisant. 
 
 To CO'MPLIC ATE. v. a. [complico, Lat.j 
 
 1. 'j'o entangle one with another; to join; 
 to involve mutually. 
 
 1'houL;h the particular actions of war are com- 
 plicate in fact, yet they are separate and distinct 
 111 right. Bacon. 
 
 In case our offence against God hath been com- 
 plicated with injury to men, we should make res 
 titution. Tiliotson. 
 
 When the disease is complicated with other dis- 
 eases, one must consider that which is most dan- 
 gerous. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 There are a rauiijlude of human actions, which 
 have so many cojffp/icflfed circumstances, aspects, 
 and situations, wiih regard to time and place, per- 
 sons and things, that it is impossible for any one 
 to pass a righT judgment concerning them, with- 
 out entering into most of these circumstances. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 2. To unite by involution of parts one ia 
 another. 
 
 Commotion in the parts may make them apply 
 themselves one to another, or complicate and dis- 
 pose them after the manner requisite to make 
 them stick. Boule's Hist, of Firmness. 
 
 3. To form by complication; to form by 
 the imion of several parts into one in- 
 tegral. 
 
 Dreadful was the din 
 Of hissing through the hall ! tiiick swarming now 
 With com^jZicafed monsters, head and tail. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 A man, an army, the universe, are complicated 
 
 of various simple ideas, or complex, ideas made 
 
 up of simple ones. Locke 
 
 Complicate, adj. [from the verb.] Com- 
 pounded of a multiplicity of parts. 
 
 What pleasure would felicitate his spirit, if he 
 could crasp all in a survey, as a painter runs over 
 a complicate piece wrought by Titian or Raphael. 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Co'mpliCATENESS. 71. s. [from compli- 
 cate.] The state of being complicated ; 
 intricacy ; perplexity. 
 
 There is great variety of intclligibles in the 
 world, so much objected to our senses, and every 
 several object is full of subdivided multiplicity 
 and complicateness. Hale's Origin W' Mauhina. 
 
 Complica'tion. n. s. [from complicate.] 
 
 1. The act of involving one thmg in 
 another. 
 
 2. The state of being involved one in 
 another. 
 
 All our grievances are either of body or of mind, 
 CT in compheutions of both. L'Estrange. 
 
 The notions of a confused knowledge are al- 
 ways full uf perplexity and complicatiojis, and sel- 
 dom in order. iri/A:»u. 
 
 3. The inten;ral consisting of many things 
 involved, perplexed, and united. 
 
 Bv admitting a complication of ideas, and taking 
 too many things at once into one (jueslion, the 
 mind is dazzled and bewildered. II atts's I^^gick. 
 
 Co'mplice. 71. s. [Fr. from complex an 
 associate, low Lat.] One who is united 
 with others in an ill design ; an asso- 
 ciate ; a confederate ; an accomplice. 
 
 3 A 
 
 361
 
 COM 
 
 To amis, victorious noble father. 
 To quell llif rebels and ilieir comjilicts. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Justice was afterwards done upon the otVcn- 
 ders, llic principal being handed and quartered 
 in Sniilhfield ; and divers of liis chief tvm/j/ices 
 executed in divers parts of the reahn. Huiiicard. 
 
 The marquis prevailed with the king, that he 
 might oni3' turn his brother out of the garrison, 
 after Justice was done upon his complices. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Compli'er. n.s, [from comply.'] A man 
 of an easy temper ; a man of ready com 
 piiance. 
 
 Suppose a hundred new employments were 
 erected on purpose to gratify ayniyliei'S, an insup- 
 portable dithcullv would remain. Su-iji. 
 
 COMPLIMENT, n.s, [compliment, Fr.] 
 An act or expression of civility, usually 
 understood to include some hypocrisy, 
 and to mean less than it declares : this 
 is properly complement, something su- 
 perfluous, or more than enough. 
 
 He observed few compliments in matter of arms, 
 but such as |>roud Hntjer did indite to him. Sidney. 
 
 My servant, Sir? *Twas never merry world 
 Since lowly feigning was call'd compliment : 
 Y' are servant to tlie duke Orsino, youth. Shak. 
 
 One whuni the niusick of his own vain tongue 
 Ooth ravish, like encliantlng harmony : 
 A man o( complnnents, wliora right and wrong 
 Have chose as umpire of their meeting. Shakesp. 
 
 What honour that, 
 But tedious waste of time, to sit and hear 
 So many hollow compliments and lye*, 
 OutUni^ish Hatteries ? Milton's Par. Begained. 
 
 V irtue, religion, heaven, and eternal happiness, 
 are not trifles to be given up in a compliment, or 
 sacrificed to a jest. Rogers. 
 
 To Co'mpliment. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To sooth with acts or expressions of 
 respect ; to flatter; to praise. 
 
 It was not to compliment a society, so much 
 2bove flattery, and the regardless air of common 
 applauses. Glanville. 
 
 Monarchs should their inward soul disguise, 
 Dissemble and connnand, be false and wise ; 
 By ignominious arts, for servile ends, 
 Should compliment their foes, and shuntheir friends. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 The watchman gave so very great a thump at 
 my door, that I awaked, an^ heard myself co7n- 
 phmented with the usual salutation. Tatler, 
 
 To Co'mpliment. v.n. To use cex*emo- 
 nious or adulatory language. 
 
 I make the interlocutors upon occasion compli- 
 ment with one another, Boyle. 
 
 She compliments Menelaus very handsomely, 
 and says he wanted no accomplishment either of 
 mind or body. Pope. 
 
 Comphme'NTAL. adj. [from compli- 
 ment.^ Expressive of respect orcivility; 
 implying compliments. 
 
 I come to speak with Paris frora the prince 
 Troilus: I will make a complimental assault upon 
 him, Shukesp. Triolus and Cressida. 
 
 Languages, for the most part, in terras of art and 
 erudition, retain their original povert3% and rather 
 grow rich and abundant in complimental phrases, 
 and such froth. Wotton. 
 
 This falsehood of Ulysses is intirely compli- 
 mental a.nd otiicious. Broome. 
 
 Complime'ntally. adv. [^rora compli- 
 mental.] In the nature of a compli- 
 ment; civilly; witli artful or false ci- 
 vility. 
 
 This speecli has been condemned as avaricious : 
 £ustathius judges it spoken artfully and compli- 
 Kientally. Broome. 
 
 Complime'nter. n, s, [from compli- 
 ment.] One given to compliments; a 
 flatterer. 
 
 C O M 
 
 Co'mpline. n.s. [compline, Fr. comple- 
 tinum, low Lat.] Tlie last act of wor- 
 ship at niglit, by which the service of 
 the day is completed. 
 
 At niiirn and eve, besides (lieir anthems sweet, 
 Their peuy masses, and tlieir complines meet. 
 
 Iluhberd's Tale. 
 
 If a man were but of a day's life, it is well if he 
 lasts till even song, and llien says his compline an 
 hour before the time. Taylor's Holy Living. 
 
 To Complo're. II. n. [comploro, Lat.] 
 
 To make lamentation together. 
 COMPLOT. n. s. [Fr. from comphtum, 
 for compkxum, low Lat. Menage.^ A 
 confederacy in some secret crime; a 
 plot ; a conspiracy. 
 
 I cannot, my life, inj brother, like but well 
 The purpose of the compht which ye tell. 
 
 'Htibberd's Tale. 
 I know their compLit is to have my life. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 To Complo't. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 form a plot ; to conspire ; to join in any 
 secret design, generally criminal. 
 
 Nor evei bv advised purpose meet 
 To plot, contrive, or compht any ill. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 A few lines after, we find them complnttin^ to- 
 gether, and contriving a new scene of miseries to 
 the Trojans. Pope. 
 
 Complo'tter. n.s. [iroracomplot.l A 
 conspirator ; one joined in a plot. 
 
 Jocasta too, no longer now my sister. 
 Is found compbtter in the horrid deed. 
 
 JJryden and Lee's Oedipus. 
 
 To COMPLY'. V. n. [.'ikinner derives it 
 from the French complaire ; but pro- 
 bably it comes from complitr to bend 
 to. Plier is still in use.] To yield to ; 
 to be obsequious to ; to accord with ; to 
 suit with. It has with before as well 
 persons as things. 
 
 The risino; sun complies with our weak sight. 
 First gilds tne clouds, then shews his globe of light. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 They did servilely comply with the people in 
 worshipping God by sensible images and repre- 
 sentations. Tilhtson. 
 
 The truth of things will not comply with our 
 conceits, and bind itself to our interest. Tillotson. 
 
 Remember I am she who sav'd your life. 
 Your loving, lawful, and complijing wife. Dryden. 
 
 He made his wish with his estate comply; 
 Joyful to live, yet not afraid to die. Prior. 
 
 Compo'nent. adj. [romponens, Lat.] 
 That which constitutes a compound 
 body. 
 
 'I'he bigness of the component parts of natural 
 bodies may be conjectured by their colours. 
 
 Newton s Opticks. 
 
 To COMPORT, i;. n. [comporter, Fr. 
 from porto, Lat.] To agree ; to suit : 
 followed by with. 
 
 Some piety 's not good there, some vain disport 
 On this side sin, with that place raay^ comport. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Such does not comport ivith the nature of tiuie. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 It is not every man's talent to distinguish aright 
 how far our prudence may wan-ant our charity, 
 and how far our charity may comport with our pru- 
 dence. UEstrangc. 
 
 Children, in the thines they do, if they comport 
 with their age, find little difference, so tney may 
 be doing. Locke. 
 
 To Comport, v. a. 
 
 1. To bear ; to endure. This is a Gallick 
 signification, not adopted among us. 
 
 COM 
 
 The malecontented sort, 
 That never can the present state comp(frt. 
 But would as often change as they cliange will. 
 
 Daniel. 
 2. To behave ; to carry : with the recipro- 
 cal pronoun. 
 
 At years of discretion, and comport yourself at 
 this rantipole rate! Congreve'i Way ojthe World. 
 
 Compo'rt. n.s, [from the verb.] Be- 
 haviour; conduct; manner of acting 
 and looking. 
 
 I shall account concerning (he rules and man- 
 ners of deportment in the receiving, our comport 
 and conversation in and after it. 
 
 Taylor's Wiyrthy Communicant. 
 I know thcni well, and mark'd their rude comport^ 
 In times of tempest they command alone. 
 And he but sits precarious on the throne. 
 
 Drydcn's Fables. 
 
 Compo'rtable. adj. [from comport,] 
 Consistent; not contradictory. 
 
 We cast the rules and cautions of this art into 
 some comportable method. Wotton s Architecture. 
 
 Compo'rtance. 71. s. [from comport.] 
 Behaviour ; gesture of ceremony. 
 
 Goodly comportance each to other bear, 
 And entertain themselves with court'sies meet. 
 
 I'alry Queen. 
 
 Compo'rtment. n.s. [from comjjort.] 
 Behaviour ; practice. 
 
 The will of God is like a straight unalterable 
 rule or line ; but the various comportments of the 
 creature, either thwarting this rule, or holding 
 conformity to it, occasion several habitudes of this 
 rule. Hale. 
 
 By her serious and devout compoi'tment on these 
 solemn occasions, she gives an example that is very 
 often too nuicli wanted. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 To COMPOSE, v. a. [composer, Fr. com- 
 pono, Lat.] 
 
 1. To form a mass by joining different 
 
 things together. 
 
 Zeal might to be composed of the highest degrees 
 of all pious atiectiuns. Spratt. 
 
 2. To place any thing in its proper form 
 and method. 
 
 In a peaceful grave 1113' corps compose. Dryd. Mn. 
 
 How doth the sea exactly compose itself to a level 
 superficies, and with the earth make up one sphe- 
 rical roundness. Ray. 
 
 y. To dispose; to put in the proper state 
 for any purpose. 
 
 Tltc whole army seemed well composed to obtain 
 that by their swords, which they could not by 
 their pen. Clarendon. 
 
 4. To put together a discourse or sen- 
 tence ; to write as an author. 
 
 Words so pleasing to God, as those which the 
 Son of God himself nath composed, were not possi- 
 ble for men to frame. Hooker. 
 
 The greatest conqueror in this nation, after the 
 manner of the old Grecian Lyricks, did not only 
 compose the words of his divine odes, but generally 
 set them to niusick himself. Addison. 
 
 5. To constitute by being parts of a whole. 
 
 Nor did Israel 'scape 
 Th' infection, when their burrow'd gold co7npos'd 
 The calf in Oreb. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 A few useful things, confounded with many tri- 
 fles, fill their memories, and compose their intellec- 
 tual possessions. Watts. 
 
 6. To calm ; to quiet 
 He would undertake the journey with him, by 
 
 which all liis fears would be composed. Clarendon. 
 
 You, that had taught them to subdue their foes, 
 
 Could order teach, and their hieh sp'rits compose. 
 
 WaiUr. 
 Compose thy mind ; 
 Nor frauds are here contriv'd, nor force design'd. 
 
 Diyden. 
 
 362
 
 COM 
 
 He, having a full command over the water, had 
 power to stUl and compose il, as well as to move 
 and disturb it. ]\'oo(lwurd. 
 
 Yet, to compose tliis midnight noise, 
 Go freely search where'er you please. Prior, 
 
 7- To adjust the mind to any businesSj by 
 freeing it from disturbance. 
 
 The mind, being thus disquieted, may not be 
 
 able easily io compose and settle itself to prayer. 
 
 Duppas Rules Jor Vevotion. 
 
 We beseecli thee to compose her thutights, and 
 
 preserve her reason during !ier sickness. Swift. 
 
 8. To adjust ; to settle : as, (o compose a 
 
 difference. 
 
 0. [With printers.] To arrange the letters ; 
 to put the letters in order in the com- 
 posing stick. 
 10. [In musick,] To form a tune from 
 
 the different musical notes. 
 CoMPo'sED. participial adj, [from com- 
 pose.] Calm ; serious ; even ; sedate. 
 
 In Spain there is something still more serious 
 and composed in the manner of the inhabitants. 
 
 Addison 07i Ualif. 
 The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate, 
 Composed his posture, and his look sedate. Pope. 
 CoMPo'SEDLY. adv. [from compostd.] 
 Calmly ; seriously ; sedately. 
 
 A man was walking before the door very com- 
 posedly without a hat. One crying, Here is the 
 fellow that killed the duke ; every body asked, 
 which is lie ? 'I'h • man w ithout the hat very co?n- 
 posedly answered, I am he. Clarendon. 
 
 COMPO'SEDNESS. n. $. [from composed.] 
 Sedateness; calmness; tranquillity. 
 
 He that will think to any purpose, must have 
 fixedness and compoicdness of humour, as well as 
 smartness of parts. Konis. 
 
 CoMPO'SER. 71. s. [from compose.] 
 
 1. .An author; a writer. 
 
 Now will be the rit;ht season of forming them 
 to be able writers and composers in every excelli nt 
 matter. Milton. 
 
 If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in 
 them, tliey at least do no harm, and shew an 
 honest industry, and a good intention in the co7ii- 
 poser. ' Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 2. He that adapts the musick to words ; 
 he that forms a lune. 
 
 For the trutli of the theory I am in no wise con- 
 cerned, ihecoinjioser of it mutt look to that. Woodif. 
 
 For composition, I prefer nexl Ludovicn, a most 
 judicious and sweet composer. Peaclmmon Musick. 
 
 The cnm}>oscr has so expressed my sense, where 
 I intended to move tiie passions,* that he see.ns 
 to fiave been the poet as well as the composer. 
 
 Vnjilen's Albion and Albanius, Preface. 
 
 CoMPo'siTE. adj. [composiiiis, hat.] 
 
 The composite order m arcliltecture is the last of 
 the five orders of columns ; so named, because 
 its capital is composed out of those of the other 
 orders ; and it is also called the Roman and Ita- 
 lick order. Harris. 
 
 Some are of opinion that the composite pillars of 
 this arch were in imitation of the pillars of Solo- 
 mon's temple. Addison. 
 CoMPOSi'TiON. n.s. [cow posit io, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of forming an integral of va- 
 rious dissimilar parts. 
 
 We have exact forms of composition, whereby 
 they incorporate almost as tliey were natural 
 simples. ^ _ Bacims New Atlantis. 
 
 In the time of the Yncas reign of Peru, no 
 composition was allowed by the laws to be used in 
 point of medicine, but only simples proper lo each 
 disease. Temple. 
 
 2. The act of bringing simple ideas into 
 complication : opposed to analysis, or 
 the separation of complex notions. 
 
 The investigation of diflicuU things, by the 
 method of analysis, ought ever to precede tile me- 
 thod oi composition. " Jsewtons Opticks. 
 
 COM 
 
 a. A mass formed by mingling different 
 
 ingredients. 
 
 Heat and vivacity, in age, is an excellent com 
 position for business. Bacon's Essays 
 
 V'a>t pillars of stone, cased over with a compo- 
 sition that looks the most like marble of any thnig 
 one can imagine. Addison. 
 
 Jove niix'd up all, and his best clay erajiluy'd, 
 Then call'd the happy composition Floyd. Swift. 
 
 4. The state of being compounded ; union ; 
 conjunction; combination. 
 
 Contemplate things first in their own simple na- 
 tures, and afterwards view them in composition with 
 other things. Watts. 
 
 5. The arrangement of various figures in 
 a picture. 
 
 The disposition in a picture is an assembling of 
 many parts ; is also called the composition, by which 
 is meant the distribution and orderly placing of 
 things, both in general and in particular. 
 
 Drydens Dufresnny. 
 
 6. Written work. 
 
 Writers are divided concerning the authority of 
 the greater part of ihose compositions that pass in 
 his name. L'Kstrange. 
 
 That divine prayer has always been looked upon 
 as a composithm nt to have proceeded from the 
 wisest of men. Addison. 
 
 When I read rules of criticism, I enquire after 
 the works of the author, and bv that means disco- 
 ver what he Hkes in a compositwn. 
 
 Addisons Guardian. 
 
 7- Adjustment; regulation. 
 
 A preacher, in the invention of matter, election 
 of words, co»t/ji)5i7wrt of gesture, look, pronuncia- 
 tion, motion, useth all these faculties at once. 
 
 Ben Jonsons Discoveries. 
 
 8. Compact; agreement; terms on which 
 
 differences are settled. 
 
 To take away : 
 rics, and wrongs 
 
 COM 
 
 CoMPo'siTOR. 71. 8. [from compose.'] He 
 that ranges and adjusts the t}'pes in 
 printing ; distinguislied from the press- 
 man, who makes the impression upon 
 paper. 
 
 COMPOST, n. s. [Fr. compoiitum, Lat.] 
 A mixture of various substances for en- 
 riching the ground; manure. 
 
 Avoid what is to come, 
 And do not spread the compvn on the weeds, 
 To make them ranker. Shake 
 
 such mutual grievances, inju 
 there was no ^\ay but oidy by 
 
 going upon composition and agreement amoi _ 
 themselves. And agtiin, all publick regiment,"of 
 what kind soever, seemeth evidently to have arisen 
 from deliberate advice, consultation, and composi- 
 tion between men, judging it convenient and be- 
 hoveful. Hooker. 
 
 Thus we are agreed ; 
 I crave our composition may be written 
 And seal'd between us. Sfiak. Antony and Cleopat. 
 Their courage droops, and, hopeless now, they 
 wish 
 For co77ipositio7i with th' unconquer'd fish. Waller. 
 
 9. The act of discliarging a debt by pay- 
 ing part ; the sum paid. 
 
 10. Consistency; congruity. 
 There is no composition in these news, 
 
 That gives ihcm credit. ■ ~ 
 
 — Indeed they are disproportion^. 
 
 Shakcsp. Othello. 
 
 11. [In grammar,] The joining of two 
 words togetlier, or the prefixing a par- 
 ticle to another word, to augment, di- 
 minish, or change its signification. 
 
 12. A certain method of demonstration in 
 mathematicks, which is the reverse of 
 the analytical method, or of resolution. 
 
 It proceeds upon principles in them- 
 selves self-evident ; on definitions, pos- 
 tulates and axioms, and a previously de- 
 monstrated series of propositions, step 
 by step, till it gives a clear knowledge 
 of the thing to be demonstrated. This 
 is called the synthetical method, and is 
 used by Euclid in his Elements. Harris. 
 CoMPo'siTiVE. adj. [from compose.] 
 Compounded ; or, having the power of 
 compounding. Diet . 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 We also have great variety o( composts and soilj, 
 for the niakuig of the earth fruitful. 
 
 Bacon's Attantis. 
 Water young planted shrubs, amomum espe- 
 cially, which you can hardly refresh too often, ai:d 
 it requires abundant compost, tielvn's Kaleruiur. 
 
 There, as his dream foretold, a cart he found. 
 That carried compost forth to dung the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 In vain the nursling grove 
 Seems fair awliile, cherish'd with foster earth ; 
 But when the alien compost is exhaust. 
 Its native ])overty again prevails. Philips. 
 
 To COMPO'ST. r. fl. [from the noun.] To 
 manure; to enrich with soil. 
 
 By removing into worse earth, or forbearin* lo 
 cumjpdst the earth, water-mint turneth into field- 
 mint, aud the colewort into rape. 
 
 Bacon's Natiiral History. 
 
 As for earth, it composteth itself; for I knew a 
 garden that had a field poured upon it, and it did 
 bear fruit excellently. Bacon '5 Natural Histirry. 
 
 CoMPo'sTUKE. n, s. [from compost.] 
 Soil ; manure. Not used. 
 
 The earth *s a thief. 
 That feeds and breeds by a compostnre stoI*n 
 From gen'ral excrements. Shakesp. Txmon. 
 
 CoMPo'suRE. U.S. [from compose.] 
 
 1. The act of composing or inditing. 
 Their own forms are not like to be so sound, or 
 
 comprehensive of the nature of the duty, as forms 
 
 of publick composure. King Charles. 
 
 2. Arrangement; combination; mixture; 
 order. 
 
 Hence languages arise, when, bv institution and 
 agreement, sucH a ctmiposure of* letters, such a 
 word, is intended to si^ify such a certain thing. 
 Holder on Elements of' Speech. 
 From the various composures and combinations 
 of these corpuscles together, happen all the varie- 
 ties of the bodies formed out of them. 
 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 
 3. The form arising from the disposition 
 of the various pai'ts. 
 
 In composure of his face, 
 Liv'd a fair but manly grace. Crashaw. 
 
 4. Frame ; make ; temperament. 
 
 To reel the streets at noon, and stand the bulfet 
 With slaves that smell of sweat ; say thb becomea 
 
 him : 
 As his composure must be rare indeed, 
 Whom these things cannot blemish. 
 
 Shakesp. Antojiy and Cleopatra 
 The duke of Buckingham spruni;, without any 
 help, by a kind of congenial composure, to the like- 
 ness of our late sovereign and master. Wotton, 
 
 5. Adjustment. 
 
 God will rather look to the inward raptures of 
 the mind, than to the outward form and composure 
 of the body. Duppa. 
 
 f}. Composition ; framed discourse. 
 
 Discourses <m such occasions are seldom the 
 productions of leisure, and should be read wiJi 
 those favourable nllonaiices that are made to hasty 
 composures. Attcrbunj. 
 
 In the composures of men, remember you are a 
 man as well as they ; and it is not their reason, 
 but your own, that is given to guide yon. 
 
 Ii"rtrt5 on the Mind. 
 
 7. Sedateness ; calmness ; tranquillity. 
 
 363
 
 C O M 
 
 To whom the virgin majesty of Eve, ' 
 As one who loves, and some'unkinilness meets. 
 With sweet austere oim;)osiire thus replied. Milton. 
 
 The calmest and serenest hours of life, when the 
 passions of nature are all silent, and the mhid 
 enjoys its juost jjerfect composure. ICaKs's Logick. 
 
 8. Agreement ; composition ; settlement 
 of differences. 
 
 The treaty at Uxbridge gave the fairest hopes 
 of an happy composure. King Charles. 
 
 \'an guard ! to right and left the front unfold. 
 That all may see, who hate us, how we seek 
 Peace and composure. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Things were not brought to an extremity : there 
 seems yet to be room left for a composure ; here- 
 after there may be only for pity. Vryden. 
 Compota'tion. 11. s. [compolatio, l.sX^ 
 The act of drinking or tippling together. 
 
 Secrecy to words sjiokc under the rose, only 
 mean, iu compotation, from the ancient custom in 
 sympofiack meetings, to wear chaplets of roses. 
 Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 If ihou wilt prolong 
 Dhe compotation, fttrthwith reason quits 
 Her empire to confusion and misrule. 
 And vain debates ; then twenty tongues at once 
 Conspire iu senseless jargon ; nought is heard 
 But din and various clamour, and mad rant. 
 
 I'hiUps. 
 
 To COMPOUND. V. a. [compono, Lat.] 
 
 1. To mingle many ingredients together 
 in one mass. 
 
 2. To form by uniting various parts. 
 Whosoever compoundetli any like it, shall be cut 
 
 off. EioduSy XXX. 
 
 It will be difficult to evince, that nature does 
 not make decompounded bodies ; I mean, mingle 
 together such bodies as are already compounded of 
 elementary, or rather of simple ones. 
 
 Boyle's Sceptical Chymist. 
 
 The ideas, being each but one single perception, 
 are easier got than the more complex ones ; and 
 therefore are not liable to the uncertainty which 
 attends those compoiauted ones. ^ ^ Locke. 
 
 3. To mingle in different positions ; to 
 combine. 
 
 We cannot have a single image that did not 
 enter through the sight ; but we have the power 
 of altering and compounding those iniapes into all 
 the varictjes of picture. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 4. [In grammar.] To form one word from 
 two or more words. 
 
 Where it and Tigris embrace each other under 
 
 the city of Apamia, there do they agree of a joint 
 
 and compounded name, and are called PUo-Tigris. 
 
 Raleigh's History of the World. 
 
 5. To compose by being united. 
 
 Who'd be so mock'd with glory, as to live 
 But in a dream of friendship ? 
 To have his pomp, and all » hat state compounds. 
 But only pamtecl, like his vamish'd friends ! 
 
 Sliakesp. Timon. 
 
 6. To adjust a difference by some reces- 
 sion from the rigour of claims. 
 
 I would to God all strifes were well compounded ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 If there be any discord or suits between any of 
 the family, they are compounded and appeased. 
 Bacon's Xeu: Atlantis. 
 
 7. To discharge a debt by paying only 
 part. 
 
 Shall I, ye gods ! he cries, my debts compound? 
 
 Gay. 
 
 To CoMPo'uND. V. n. 
 1. To come to terms of agreement, by 
 abating something of the first demand. 
 It has for before the thing accepted or 
 remitted. 
 
 They were, at last, glad to compound/or his bare 
 commitment to the Tower. Clarendon. 
 
 Pray but for half the virtues of this wife ; 
 Compound for all the rest, with longer life. Dryden. 
 
 C O M 
 
 2. To bargain in the lump. 
 
 Here 's a fellow will help you to-morrow : com- 
 pouttil with him by the year. 
 
 Shakesii. Measure for Measure. 
 
 3. To come to terms, by granting some- 
 thing on each side. 
 
 Cornwall cn/npouuded to furnish ten oxen after 
 ^Michaelmas for thirty pounds. 
 
 Cureit-'s Surrey of Cornwall. 
 Once more I come to know of thee, khig Harry, 
 Kfor thy ransom thou wilt now compound. 
 Before t'liy most assured overthrow > 
 
 Shakesp. Henry \ . 
 INIade all the royaJ stars recant. 
 Compound, and take the covenant. Hudibras. 
 
 But useless all, when he despairing found 
 Catullus then did with the winds compound. 
 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 Paracelsus and his admirers have compounded 
 with the Galenists, and brought a mixed use of 
 cliyniical medicines into the present practice. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 4. To determine. This is not in use. 
 We here deliver. 
 
 Subscribed by the consuls and patricians. 
 Together with the seal o' th' senate, what 
 We have compounded on. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Co'mpound. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Formed out of many ingredients ; not 
 simple. 
 
 The ancient clcctrum had in it a fifth of silver to 
 the gold, and made a compound metal, as fit for 
 most uses as gold. Bacon. 
 
 Compound substances are made up of two or 
 more simple substances. Tl'aHs's Logick. 
 
 2. [In grammar.] Composed of two or 
 more words ; not simple. 
 
 Those who are his greatest admirers, seem 
 pleased with them as beauties ; I speak of his com- 
 pound epithets. "i»;;e, 
 
 3. Compound or aggregated Flower, in 
 botany, is such as consists of many little 
 flowers, concurring together to make up 
 one whole one ; each of which has its 
 style and stamina, and adhering seed, 
 and are all contained within one and 
 the same calyx: such are the sunflower 
 and dandelion. Harris. 
 
 Compound, n. s. [fi-om the verb.] The 
 mass formed by the union of many in- 
 gredients. 
 
 For present use or profit, this is the rule : con- 
 sider the price of the two simple bodies ; consider 
 again the digniiv of the one above the other in 
 use ; then see if you can make a compound, that 
 will save more in price than it will lose in dignity 
 of the use. Bacon's Physical Remains. 
 
 As man is acompoutul and mixture of llesh as 
 well as spirit. _ South's Sermons. 
 
 Love why do we one passion call. 
 When 'tis a compound of them all ; 
 Where hot and cold, where sharp ;uid sweet. 
 In all their equipages meet? Swijt. 
 
 CoMPO'uNDABLE. adj. [tvom compound.] 
 Capable of being compounded. 
 
 CoMPo'uNDER. n. s. [from To com- 
 pound.] 
 
 I . One who endeavours to bring parties 
 to terms of agreement. 
 
 Those softners, sweetners, compounders, and 
 expedient-mongers, who shake their heads so 
 strongly. _ . Sw\ti- 
 
 •1. A mingler ; one who mixes bodies. 
 
 To COMPREHEND, v. a. [comprehendo, 
 
 Lat.] 
 I. To comprise; to include; to contain ; 
 
 to imply. 
 
 If there be any other commandment, it is briefly 
 comprehended in this saving, namely. Thou shall 
 love thv neighbour as thyself. Bom. xiii. 9. 
 
 COM 
 
 It would he ridiculous to grow old in the study 
 
 of every necessary thing, in an art which compre- 
 
 lientU so many several parts. Dryden s Dufresuou. 
 
 2 . To contain in the mind ; to understand ; 
 
 to conceive. 
 
 Rome was not better by her Horace taught, 
 Than we arc here to comprehend his thought. 
 
 iValler. 
 
 'Tis unjust, that they who have not the least no- 
 tion of heroic writing, should therefore condemn 
 the pleasure which others receive from it, be- 
 cause they canniil comprehend it. Dryden. 
 
 Comprehe'nsible. adj. [comprehensi- 
 ble, Vy. comprehensibilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Intelligible; attainable by the mind; 
 conceivable by the understanding. 
 
 The horizon sets the bounds between the en- 
 lightened and dark parts of things, between what 
 is and what is not comprehensible by us. Locke. 
 •2. Possible to be comprised. 
 
 Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any 
 not comprehejisilile by axiom, we will set down 
 some heads of it. Bacon. 
 
 Comprehensibly, ado. [from compre- 
 hensible.] With great power of signi- 
 fication or understanding ; significantly ; 
 with great extent of sense. Tillotson 
 seems to have used comprehensibly for 
 coniprehensivelj/. 
 
 The w urds wisdom and righteousness are com- 
 monly used very comprettensibly, so as to signify 
 all religion and virtue. Tillotson. 
 
 Comprehe'nsion. n. $. [comprehensio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act or quality of comprising or 
 containing ; inclusion. 
 
 In the Old Testament there is a close compre- 
 hension of the New, in the New an open discovery 
 of the Old. _ Hooker. 
 
 The compy-ehension of an idea, regards all essen- 
 tial modes and properties of it ; so bcidy, in its 
 comprehension, takes in solidity, figure, <iiiaiitity, 
 mobility. iValts's Logie-k. 
 
 2. Summary ; epitome ; compendium ; 
 abstract ; abridgment in wliich much is 
 comprised. 
 
 If we would draw a short abstract of human 
 happiness, bring together all the various ingredi- 
 ents of it, and digest them into one prescription, 
 we must at last fix on this wise and religious 
 aphorism in my text, as the sum and comprehension 
 of all. Rogers. 
 
 3. Knowledge ; capacity ; power of the 
 mind to admit and contain many ideas 
 
 at once. 
 
 You give no proof of decay of your judgment, 
 and comprehension of all things, within the com- 
 pass of an human understanding. Dryden. 
 
 4. [In rhetorick.] A trope or figure, by 
 which the name of a whole is put for a 
 part, or that of a part for the ^vhole, or 
 a definite number for an indefinite. 
 
 Harris. 
 Comprehe'nsive. adj. [from compre- 
 hend.] 
 
 1. Having the power to comprehend or 
 understand many things at once. 
 
 He must have been a man of a most wonderful 
 eomprehemioe nature, because he has taken into 
 the compass of his Canterbury Tales the various 
 manners and humours of the'whole English na- 
 tion in his age ; not a single character has escaped 
 him. " Dryden's Fables, Preface. 
 
 His hand unstain'd, his uiicorrupted heart. 
 His comprehensive head : all interests wei^h'd, 
 All Europe sav'd, yet Britain not lietray d. 
 
 Pope's Epistles. 
 
 2. Having the quality of comprising 
 much ; compendious ; extensive, 
 
 364 

 
 COM 
 
 So diffusive, so comprehensive, so catholick a 
 grace is charity, that wlialever time is the oppor- 
 tunity of any other virtue, tliat time is the oppor- 
 tunity of cliarity. Spratl's Strmons. 
 
 Comprehe'nsively. adv. [from compre- 
 hensive.'\ In a comprehensive manner. 
 
 Comprehe'nsiveness. n.s. [from com- 
 prehensive.^ The quality of including 
 much in a few words or narrow compass. 
 Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of 
 legends on ancient coins. Addis, on Ajic. Medals. 
 
 To COMPRESS. V a. [compressus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To force into a narrower compass ; to 
 squeeze together. 
 
 2. To embrace. 
 
 Her Neptune eyed, ivith bloom of beauty blest, 
 And in his cave tLe yielding nymph comprest. 
 
 Pope's Odijssev. 
 
 There was in the island of lo, a j-oung girl 
 compressed b^- a genius, who delighted to associate 
 w-ith the muses. Pope. 
 
 Co'mpress. n. s. [from the verb.] Roi- 
 sters of linen, by which surgeons suit 
 their bandages for any particular part 
 or purpose. Quinci/. 
 
 I applied an intercipient about the ankle and 
 upper part of l!ie foot, and by compress and ban- 
 dage dressed it up. ]Viseman. 
 
 Compressibility, n. s. [from compres- 
 sible.] The quality of being compressi- 
 ble; the quality of admitting to be 
 brought by force into a narrower com- 
 pass; as air may be compressed, but 
 water can by no violence be reduced to 
 less space than it naturally occupies. 
 
 Compre'ssible. adj. [from compress.] 
 Capable of being forced into a narrower 
 compass ; yielding to pressure, so as that 
 one part is brought nearer to another. 
 
 Tliere being spiral particles, accounts for the 
 elasticity of air ; there being spherical particles, 
 which gives free passase to any heterogeneous 
 matter, accounts for air's being compressible. 
 
 Cheune's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 Compre'ssibleness. h. s. [from com- 
 pressible.] Capability of being pressed 
 close. Diet. 
 
 Compre'ssion. n.s. [compressio, L.vit.] 
 The act of bringing the parts of any 
 body more near to each other by vio- 
 lence ; the qualitj' of admitting such an 
 effort of force as may compel the body 
 compressed into a narrower s}»ce. 
 
 Whenever a solid body is pressed, there is an 
 inward tumult in the parts, seeking to deliver 
 themselves from the compression; anti this is the 
 cause of all violent motion. Bacon. 
 
 The powder in shot, being dilated into such a 
 flame as endurelh not compression, moveth in round , 
 the fiame being in the nature of a liquid body, 
 tometimes recoiling. Badm. 
 
 Tears are the ettects of the comjjression of the 
 moisture of the brain, upon dilatation of the spi- 
 rits. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Merry Michael, the Cornish poet, piped this 
 upon his oaten i)ipe for merry England, but with 
 a mocking compression for Normandy. Camd. Rem. 
 
 He that shall find out an hypotiiesis, by which 
 water may be so rare, and yet not be capable of 
 compression by force, may doubtless, by the same 
 hypothesis, make gold and water, and all other 
 bodies, as much rarer as he pleases; so that light 
 raay find a ready passage through transparent sub- 
 stances. Keu-ton. 
 
 Compre'ssure. n. a. [from comp7-ess.] 
 The act or force of one body pressing 
 against another. 
 
 COM 
 
 We tried whether heat would, notwithstand- 
 ing so forcible a compressure, dilate it. 
 
 Botfle's Spring of the .4tr. 
 To Compri'nt. v. n. [comprimere, Lat.] 
 To print together ; it is commonly taken, in 
 law, for the deceitful printing of another's copv, 
 or book, to the prejudice of the rightful proprie- 
 tor. PhiUips's World of \Vords. 
 
 To CoMPRl'sE. V. a. \comprendre, com- 
 pris, Fr.] To contain ; to comprehend ; 
 to include. 
 
 Necessity of shortness causeth men to cut off 
 impertinent discourses, and to comprise much mat- 
 ter in few words. Hooker. 
 
 Do they not, under doctrine, comprehend the 
 same that we intend by matters of faith r Do not 
 they, under discipline, comprise the regimen of the 
 church ? Hooker. 
 
 'Tis the polluted love that multiplies ; 
 But friendship does two souls in one comprise. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Comproba'tion. n.s. [comprobo, Lat.] 
 Proof; attestation. 
 
 That is only esteemed a legal testimony, which 
 receives comprobation from the mouths of at least 
 two witnesses. Broun. 
 
 COMPROMISE, n. s. [compromissum, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Compromise is a mutual promise of two 
 or more parties at difference, to refer the 
 ending of their controversies to the ar- 
 bitrament or equity of one or more arbi- 
 trators. Cowtll. 
 
 2. A compact or bargain, in which some 
 concessions are made on each side. 
 
 Wars liave not wasted it, for warr'd he hath 
 not; 
 But basely yielded, upon compromise. 
 That which his ancestors atchicv'd with blows. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 To Co'mpromise. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To compound ; to adjust a compact by 
 mutual concessions : as, tftei/ compro- 
 mised the affair at a middle rate. 
 
 2. In Shakespeare it means, unusually, to 
 accord ; to agree. 
 
 Laban and himself were compromis'd. 
 That all Uie yearlings, which were streak'd and 
 
 pied. 
 Should fall as Jacob's hire. 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 Compromisso'rial. adj. [from compro- 
 mise.] Relating to a compromise. 
 Comprovincial, ti.s. [from con and 
 provincial.] Belonging to the s.ime 
 province. 
 
 At the consecration of an archbishop, all his 
 comprovincials ought to give their attendance. 
 
 Aiilijfe's Parergon. 
 
 COMPT. n. s. [compte, Fr. computus, Lat.] 
 Account; computation ; reckoning. 
 
 Your servants ever 
 Have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs, in 
 
 compt. 
 To make their audit at your highness' pleasure. 
 Still to return your own. Shakesj). King John. 
 
 To Compt. i-. a. [compter, Fr.] "To com- 
 pute ; to number. We now use To 
 Count, which see. 
 
 Co'mptible. adj. [{romcompt.] Account- 
 able ; responsible ; ready to give ac- 
 count ; subject ; submissive. 
 
 Good beauties, let me sustain my scorn ; I am 
 very comptihle even to the least sinister usage. Shak. 
 
 To COMPTROLL. v. a. [This word is 
 •written by some authors, who did not 
 attend to the etymology, for control ; 
 and some of its derivatives are written 
 
 C O M 
 
 in the same manner.] To controll ; to 
 over-rule ; to oppose. 
 Comptro'ller. n.s. [from compt roll.] 
 Director ; supervisor ; superior intend- 
 ant ; govemour. 
 
 This ni"ht he makes a supper, and a great one. 
 To ma:.y lords and ladies ; 
 I was spoke lo, with Sir Henry Guilford, 
 This night to be comptrollers. Shak. Henri/ VIIl. 
 The comptrollers of vulgar opinions pretend to 
 find out such a similitude in some kind of ba- 
 boons. Temple. 
 
 My fates permit me not from hence to fly ; 
 Nor he, the great comptroller of the sky. 
 
 Di^d, JEneiil. 
 Comptro'llership. n.s. \(Tom comp- 
 troller.] Superintendance. 
 
 The gayle for stanncry-causes is annc.'ced to the 
 comptrollcrship. Carete's Suney of Comualt. 
 
 Compu'lsatively. adv. [from compuka- 
 iori/.] 'With force ; by constraint. 
 
 Clarissa. 
 Compu'lsatory. adj. [from compulsor, 
 Lat.] Having the force of compelling ; 
 coactive. 
 
 Which is no other, 
 But to recover from us by strong hand, 
 And terms compulsatoru, "those foresaid lands 
 So by his father lost. " Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Cgmpl'lsio.n. n.s. [compulsio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of compelling to something ; 
 force ; violence of the agent. 
 
 If reasons were as plenty as blackberries, 1 
 would give no man a reason on compulsion. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry l\ . 
 Thoughts, whitlier have ye led me • with that 
 sweet 
 Compulsion thus transported ! Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Such sweet compulsion doth in musick lie. 
 To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton. 
 
 2. The state of being compelled ; violence 
 suffered. 
 
 Compulsion is in an agent capable of volition, 
 when the beginnins or continuation of any action 
 is contrary to the pVeference of his mind. Locke. 
 
 \\'heii the fierce foe huns on our broken real-, 
 \yilh what compulsion and laborious flight 
 We sunk llius low ! Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 This faculty is free from compulsion, and so spon- 
 taneous, and free from determination bv the par- 
 ticular object. " Hale. 
 
 Possibly there were others who assisted Harold, 
 partly out of fear and compulsion. 
 
 Hale on Common Law. 
 
 Compu'lsive. adj. [from compulscr, [Fr. 
 comptthus, Lat.] Having the power to 
 compel ; forcible. 
 
 The Danube, vast and deep. 
 Supreme of rivers ! to the frightful brink , 
 Vrg'd by compuls'nt arms, soon as they reach'd. 
 New terror chill'd their veins. " Philips. 
 
 The clergy would be olad to recover their dues 
 by a more snort and compulsiit method. Sirirt. 
 
 Compulsively, adv. [from compulsive.] 
 
 By force ; by violence. 
 CoMPULsiVENESS. n.s. [from cotnpul- 
 
 sive.] Force; compulsion. 
 Compu'lsorily. adv. [from compulsori/.] 
 
 In a compulsory or forcible manner ; 
 
 by force ; by \iolence._ 
 To say that the better deserver hath such right 
 
 to govern, as he may compulstrrilv bring under the 
 
 less worthy, is idle. ' Bactm. 
 
 Co.«pu'lsory. adj. [compulsoire, Fr.] 
 Having the power of necessitating or 
 compelling. 
 
 He erreth in this, to think that actions, pro- 
 ceeding from fear, are properly computiwi/aclions ; 
 which, in truth, are not only volunuary, but free 
 actions ; neither compelled, 'nor so much as phy- 
 sically necessitated. BranOtall against HM>l>is. 
 
 S6a
 
 C O M 
 
 Kindly it would be taken to comply with a 
 ]iatcnt, alllmunh not compulsivy. Swift. 
 
 COMPU'NCriON. 71. s. [componction, 
 Fr. froiii pnngn, punctnm to prick, Lat.] 
 
 1 . 'I'he power of pricking ; stiinulation ; 
 irritation. 
 
 This is that acid and piercing spirit, which, 
 with such activity and compunction, invadeth the 
 hrainsand nostrils of those that receive it. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Erroun. 
 
 2. The state of being pricked by the con- 
 science ; repentance ; contrition. 
 
 He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, 
 with expressions of great compunction. CUirendon. 
 
 Compu'nctiou.s. adj. [from compunc- 
 tion.] Repentant; sorrowful ; tender. 
 
 Stop up th' access and passage to rouorse. 
 That no compunrlinus visitings of nature 
 Shake my fell purpose. Hhukesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Compu'nctive. adj. [&om comjiunction.] 
 
 Causing remorse. 
 Compurga'tion. n. s. [compurgaiio, 
 
 Lat.] The practice of justifying any 
 
 man's veracity by the testimony of 
 
 another. 
 Compurga'tor. n.s. [Lat.] Otie who 
 
 bears his testimony to the credibility of 
 
 another. 
 
 The next quarry, or chalk-pit, will give abvin- 
 dallt altcstation : these are so oluious, that 1 need 
 not be far to seek for a compurgator. 
 
 ][oodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Compu'table. adj. [from compule.] Ca- 
 pable of being niniibered or computed. 
 
 If, instead of tweuty-four letters, there were 
 twenty-four millions, as those twenty-four mil- 
 lions are a finite number, so would all combina- 
 tions thereof be finite, though not easily cmnputa- 
 hle by arithmetick. Hale's Origin if Miinhind. 
 
 Computation, n.s. [from compute.] 
 
 1. The act of reckoning; calculation. 
 
 My princely father 
 Then, by just computation of the time. 
 Found tliat the issue was not his. Shah. Rich. III. 
 
 2. The sum collected or settled by cal- 
 culation. 
 
 We pass for women of fifty : many additional 
 
 years are thrown into female computations of Ibis 
 
 nature. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 To COMPUTE, v.a. [compiito, Lat.] To 
 
 reckon ; to calculate ; to number ; to 
 
 count. 
 
 Compute how much water would be requisite to 
 lay the earth under water. 
 
 JSurnet's Theort/ of the Earth 
 
 Where they did compute by week's, yet still the 
 
 year was measured by months. Holder on Time. 
 
 Alas! not dazzledwith their noon-tide ray, 
 Compute tlie morn and ev'ning to the day ; 
 The whole amount (<i that enormous fame, 
 A tale that blends their glory with their shame. 
 
 Pope. 
 Compu'te. n. s. \computus, Lat.] Com- 
 putation ; calculation. 
 
 Though there were a fatality in this year, yet 
 divers wei-e out in their account, aberring several 
 ways from ihe true and just compute; and calling 
 that one year which perhaps might be another. 
 
 Broun's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Computer, m. s. [from compute.] Rec- 
 koner ; accountant ; calculator. 
 
 The kale!id:irs of tliese computers, and the ac- 
 counts of these days, are diti'erent. Br. Kw/^. Err. 
 I have known some such ill computers, as to 
 imagine the many millions in stocks so much real 
 wealth. " Swift. 
 
 Co'mputist. n. s. [computisle, Fr.] Cal- 
 culator ; one skilled in the art of num- 
 bers or computation. 
 
 CON 
 
 The treasurer was a wise man, and a strict com- 
 putist. Wotton. 
 
 We conceive we have a year in tliree hundred 
 and sixty-five days exact: computistt tell us, that 
 we escape six hours. oTown. 
 
 Co'mrade. n.s. \camerade, Fr. from ca- 
 mera a chamber ; one that lodges in the 
 same chamber, contubernio frititur.] 
 
 1. One who dwells in the saiue house or 
 chamber. 
 
 Rather I abjure all roofs, and chuse 
 To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. A companion ; a partner in any labour 
 
 or danger. 
 
 He permitted theu> 
 To put out both thine eyes, and fetter'd send thee 
 Into the common prison, there to grind 
 Among the slaves and asses, thy comrades. 
 As good for nothing else. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 A footman, bein^ newly married, desired his 
 comrade to tell him freely what the town said of it. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Con. a. Latin inseparable preposition, 
 which, at the beginning of words, sig- 
 nifies union or association : as concourse, 
 a running together ; to convene, to come 
 together. 
 
 Con. [abbreviated from contra against, 
 Lat.] A cant word for one who is on 
 the negative side of a question ; as, the 
 pro.i and cons. 
 
 To CON. v.a. [connan. Sax. to know ; 
 as, in Chaucer, Old wymen connen mo- 
 cfiil tliinge ; that is, Old women have 
 much knowledge.] 
 
 1. To know. 
 
 Of muses, Hobbinol, I numeno skill 
 Enough to me to paint out my unrest. Spens. Past. 
 
 2. To study ; to commit to memory ; to 
 fix in the mind. It is a word now little 
 in use, except in ludicrous language. 
 
 Pretty answers ! have you not been acquainted 
 with goldsmiths wives, and conn'd ibmn out of 
 fines .. Shakes]). 
 
 Here are your parts ; and I am to entreat you 
 to con them by to-morrow night. 
 
 'Shakesp. Midsummer Night's Dream. 
 
 Our understanding cannot in this body arrive 
 so clearly to the knowledge of God, and things 
 invisible, as by orderly conning over the visible 
 and inferiour creatures. Milton. 
 
 Shew it liim written ; and, having the other 
 also written in the paper, shew him that, after he 
 has conned the first, and require it of him. 
 
 Holder's Elements of Speech. 
 The books of which I'm chiefly fond, 
 Are such as you have whilom conn'd. I'rior. 
 
 All this while John had conned over such a ca- 
 talogue of hard words, as were enough to conjure 
 up the devil. Arhulhnot. 
 
 3. To con Thanks ; an old expression for 
 to thank. It is thesame with s^ai'oir gre. 
 
 I con him no thanks for 't, in the nature he de- 
 livers it. Shakesp. 
 
 To CONCA'MERATE. v. a. [concamero, 
 Lat.] To arch over ; to vault ; to lay 
 concave over. 
 
 Of the upper beak, an inch and a half cousisteth 
 of one concumerated bone, bended downwards, 
 and toothed as the other. Crew's Museum. 
 
 Concamera'tion. n.s. [from concame- 
 rale.] Arch; vault. 
 
 What a romance is the story of those impossible 
 
 concameratitvis, and feigned rotations of solid orbs ! 
 
 (Jlanville's Scepsis. 
 
 To CONCATENATE, v.a. [from catena, 
 Lat. a chain.] To link together; to 
 unite in a successive order. 
 
 CON 
 
 Concatena'tion. n.s. [{lom concate 
 naie.] .\ series of links ; an uninter- 
 rupted unvariable succession. 
 
 The stoicks aftirmed a fatal, unchangeable con- 
 catenation of causes, reaching to the elicit acts of 
 man's will. South. 
 
 CoNCAVATioN. n. s. [from concave.^ 
 
 The act of making concave. 
 CONCA'VE. adj. [concavus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Hollow without anfjles ; as, the inner 
 surface of an eggshell, the inner cur\ e 
 of an arch : opposed to convex. 
 
 These great fragments falling hollow, inclosed 
 under their concave surface a great deal of air. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 2. Hollow. 
 
 Have you not made an universal shout. 
 That Ty her trembled underneath his banks. 
 To hear the replication of your sounds 
 Aladc in his concave siiores .' Shak. Julius Cdiar. 
 For his verity in love, I do think him as con- 
 cave as a covered goblet, or a worm-eaten nut. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 Conca'veness. w. s. [from concave.] 
 Hollowness. Diet. 
 
 Conca'vity. 71. s. [from concave.] In- 
 ternal surface of a hollow spharical tr 
 spheroidical body. 
 
 Niches that contain figures of white marble 
 should not be coloured in Uie'ir concavity too black. 
 
 Wotton. 
 They have taken the impresses of these shells 
 with that exquisite niceness, that no metal, when 
 melted and cast in a mould, can ever possibly re- 
 present the concavity of tliat mould with greater 
 exactness than tliese flints do the concavities ui the 
 shells, wherein they were moulded. 
 
 ]Voodward's Nat. His'. 
 
 Concavo-concave, adj. Concave or 
 
 hollow on both sides. 
 Concavo-convex, adj. [from concave 
 and convej:.] Concave one way, and 
 convex the other. 
 
 I procured another concavo-convex plate of glass, 
 
 ground on both sides to the same sphere with the 
 
 former plate. Newton. 
 
 A concavo-convex pentangular plate, p.nt of a 
 
 sliell that belongs to the entrochus. 
 
 ]\'oodward on Fossils. 
 
 Conca'vous. adj. [concavus, Lat.] Con- 
 cave ; hollow without angles. 
 Conca'vously. adv. [from concavous.] 
 With hollowness ; in such a manner as 
 discovers the internal surface of a hol- 
 low sphere. 
 
 The dolphin that carrieth Arion is coiwavously 
 inverted, and hath its spine depressed. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Eirours. 
 
 To CONCEAL. V. a. [concelo, Lat.] To 
 hide ; to keep secret ; not to divulge ; 
 to cover ; not to detect. 
 
 He oft finds nied'cinc, who his grief imparts ; 
 L'ut double griefs afflict craiccniin^ hearts. Fain; Q. 
 
 Come, Catesby, thou art sworn 
 As deeply to eft'ect what we intend. 
 As closely to conceal what we impart. 
 
 Shakesp Richard 111. 
 
 Ulysses himself adds, he was the most eloquent 
 and the most silent of men ; he knew that a word 
 spoke never wrought so much good as a word con- 
 cealed. Broome. 
 
 There is but one way I know of conversing 
 safely with all men, that is, not by concealing what 
 we say or dn, but by saving or doing nothingthat 
 deserves to be concealed. t*<rpe. 
 
 Conce'alable. adj. \irom conceal.] Ca- 
 pable of being concealed ; possible to 
 be kept secret, or hid. 
 
 Returning a lye unto his Maker, and presuming 
 to put otF tlie searcher of hearts, he denied the
 
 CON 
 
 omnisciency of God, whereuuto there !s iiothnig 
 coneeaUbU. Brown's Vulgar Lrr. 
 
 CoNCEALEDNESS. n. S. [from conceal.] 
 The state of being concealed ; privacy ; 
 obscurity. Did. 
 
 Concealer, n. s. [from conceal.] He 
 that conceals any thing. 
 
 ITiev «ere to undergo tlie penalty of forgery 
 and iJie coiicealer of the crime was eqiiall v guilty 
 
 Clurtruiim. 
 
 CoNCE ALMENT. ti.s. [from conceal.] 
 
 1. The act of hiding; secrecy. 
 
 She never told her l/jve ; 
 But let concealment, like a worm i' th' bud. 
 Feed on her daraask cheek. Shak. Tic. Night, 
 
 He is a worthy gentleman. 
 Exceedingly well read," and profited 
 In strange concealments. Shakesp. Henn TV. 
 
 Few own such sentiments ; yet tliis cottcealment 
 derives rather from the fear of man than of any 
 Being above. Glancille. 
 
 2. The state of being hid ; privacy ; de- 
 litescence. 
 
 A j>erson of great abilities is zealous for the 
 good of mankind, and as solicitous for the concca/- 
 ment as the performance of illustrious actions. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 3. Hiding-place ; retreat ; cover ; shelter. 
 The choice of this holy name, as the most ef- 
 fectual coiiccalmfnt of a wicked design, supposes 
 mankind satisfied that nothing but what isjust is 
 directed by the principles of it. Rogers. 
 
 The cleft tree 
 Offers its kind concealment to a few. 
 Their food its insects, and its moss their nests. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 To CONXE'DE. V. a, [concedo, Lat.] To 
 yield ; to admit ; to grant ; to let pass 
 undisputed. 
 
 Bv expurgalory animadversions we might strike 
 out great numbers of hidden qualities ; and, hav- 
 ing once a c^nrerfed list, we might with more safely 
 attempt their reasons. ^ _ Broim. 
 
 This must not be conceded without limitation. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 The athebt, if vou concede to him that fortune 
 
 maj- be an agent, doth presume himself safe and 
 
 invulnerable. Bentley. 
 
 CONCE'IT. n,s. [concept, Fr. conceptus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Conception ; thought ; idea ; image in 
 the mind. 
 
 Here the very shepherds have their fancies lift- 
 ed to so high conceiis, as the learned of other na- 
 tions arc content both to borrow their names, and 
 imitate their cunning. Sidneu. 
 
 Iraposiibie it was, that ever their will should 
 chaijge or incline to remit any part of their dutj, 
 without some object having force to avert their 
 conceit from Gud. Hooker. 
 
 His STdce looks cheerfally and smooth this 
 morning : 
 There 's some conceit, or other, likes him well. 
 When that he bids good-morrow with such spirit. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 La laughins there ever precedelh a conceit of 
 somewhat ridiculous, and therefore it is proper to 
 man. Boron's Xatural Hist. 
 
 2. Understanding; readiness of appre- 
 hension. 
 
 How often, alas ! did her eves say unto me, that 
 they loved ! and yet I, not' looking for such a 
 matter, had not 1113' concert open to understand 
 them. Sidneu. 
 
 The first kind of things appointed by laws hu- 
 mane, containeth whatsoever is good or evil, is 
 notwithstanding more secret than that it can be 
 discerned bv every man's present conceit^ without 
 sume de*^per discourse and judgment. Hooker. 
 
 1 shall be found of a quick conceit in judgment, 
 and shall be admired. iri^iTni, viii. 11. 
 
 3. Opinion, generally in a sCTise of con- 
 tempt ; fancy ; imagination ; fantastical 
 notion. 
 
 CON 
 
 I know not how coitceit may rob 
 The treasury of life, when life itself 
 Yields to the theft. ithakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Strong conceit, like a new principle, carries all 
 easily ^Mlh it, when yet above common sense. 
 
 Locke. 
 Malbranche has an odd conceit. 
 As ever enter'd Frenchman's pate. Prinr. 
 
 4. Opinion, in a neutral sense, 
 Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit 9 
 
 There is more hope of a fool than of him. 
 
 Proverbs, iiv. 12. 
 I shall not fail I* approve the fair conceit 
 The king lialh of you. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 5. Pleasant fancy ; gaiety of imagination; 
 acuteness. 
 
 His wit is as thick as Tewksbury mustard : 
 there is no more conceit in htm than is in a mallet. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 A\liile he was on his way to the gibbet, a freak 
 took him in the head to go off with a conceit. 
 
 V Estrange. 
 
 G. Sentiment, as distinguished from ima- 
 gery. 
 
 Some to conceit alone their works confine. 
 And glitt'ring tlioughts struck out at ev'ry line. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 7. Fondness; favoiu-able opinion; opi- 
 nionative pride. 
 
 Since bv a little studying in learning, and great 
 conceit of himself, he has lost his religion ; may he 
 find it again by harder study, under humbler 
 truth. Bentley. 
 
 8. Out of Conceit with. No longer fond of. 
 Not that I dare assume to myself to have put 
 
 him out of conceit idth it, by having convinced him 
 of the fautasticalness of it. TilUytson, Preface. 
 
 What hath cbie6y put me out of conceit vrith 
 this moving manner, is the frequent disappoint- 
 ment. Swift. 
 
 To Conce'it. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 conceive ; to imagine; to think; to be- 
 lieve. 
 
 One of two bad ways you roust conceit me, 
 Either a coward, of a flatterer. Shak. Jul. C<esar. 
 
 Thev looked for great matters at their hands, 
 in a ca'use which they conceited to be for the liberty 
 of the subject. Bacon. 
 
 He conceits himself to be struck at, when he is 
 not so much as thought of. L'Jjtrange. 
 
 The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are 
 thereby rendered as unactive, and consequently 
 as useless, as if they really were so. South^s Sermons. 
 
 Coy ck'itej). pari icip.adj, [£rom conceit.] 
 
 1. Endowed with fancy. 
 
 He was of comitenance amiable, of feature 
 comely, active of body, pleasantly conceited, and 
 sharp of wit. Knotles. 
 
 2. Proud; fond of himself; opinionative ; 
 affected; fantastical. 
 
 There is another extreme iu obscure writers, 
 which some eaiptv conceited heads are apt to run 
 into, out of a prodigality of words, and a want of 
 sense. Felton on the Ctassicks. 
 
 If you think me too conceited. 
 Or to passion quicklv heated. Swift. 
 
 What vou write ot" me, would make me more 
 conceited than what I scribble myself. Pope. 
 
 3. With q/" before the object of conceit. 
 Every man is building a several way, impotently 
 
 conceited of his own model and his own materials. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 If we consider how vitious and corrupt the 
 
 Athenians were, how conceited cf their ow-n wit, 
 
 science, and politeness. Bentleu. 
 
 Conce'itedly. adr. [from conceited.] 
 Fancifully ; whimsically. 
 
 Coticcitedly dress her, and be assign'd 
 By you tit place for ever\- flower ana jewel : 
 3fa£e her for love fit fuel. Donne. 
 
 Conce'itedness. n.s. [from conceited.] 
 Pride ; opinionativeness ; fondness of 
 himself. 
 
 CON 
 
 Wheu men think none worthy esteem, but soch 
 as claim under their own pretences, partiality and 
 conceitednett make them give the pre-eniinence. 
 Coiiier on Pruie. 
 
 Conce'itless. adj, [from conceit,] Stu- 
 pid; without thought; dull of appre- 
 hension. 
 
 Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitlem. 
 To be seduced by thy flatterv. 
 
 Shakesp. Two Cent. ofVenma, 
 Coxce'ivable. adj. [from conctire.] 
 
 1. That may be imagined or thought 
 
 If it were possible to contrive an invention, 
 whereby any conceitxible weight may be moved by 
 any conceiiable power, with the same quicknea*'. 
 without other instrument, the works of nature 
 would be too much subject to art Wilkins. 
 
 2. 1 hat may be understood or believed. 
 
 The fretrziiig of the words in the air, in the 
 Northern cUiues, is as conceii:<ible as this stranee 
 union. GlanvilU's Scepsis. 
 
 It is uot amceitable, that it should be inJeed 
 that very person, whose shape and voice it as- 
 sumed. Atterbvrij's Sermons. 
 
 CONCEIVAELENESS. fi, s [from con- 
 ceivablc ] The quality of being con- 
 ceivable. Diet, 
 
 Conceivably, adv, [from conceivable.] 
 In a conceivable or intelligible manner. 
 
 To CONCE'I\ E. t\ a. [conceroiV, Fr. 
 conciptre, Lat.] 
 
 1. To admit into the womb ; to form in 
 the womb. 
 
 I was sliapen in iniquity, and lu sin did my 
 mother conceiie me, Ptalm li. o. 
 
 2. To form in the mind ; to imagine. 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar hatJj conceited a purpose 
 against you. Jeremiah, 
 
 This man conceived the duke's death ; but what 
 was the motive of that felonious conception, is in 
 the clouds. Waiton. 
 
 3. To comprehend ; to understand ; as, 
 
 he conceives (he whcle system. 
 
 This kiss, if it durst sueak, 
 Would stretch thy spirits up into the air: 
 Conceive, and fare thee well. ^ak. King Lear. 
 
 4. To think; to be of opinion. 
 
 If you compare mv gentleniau with Sir John, 
 you will hardly conceuK^bim to have been bred in 
 the same climate. S%^i. 
 
 To Conceive, r. n. 
 
 1. To tliink ; to have an idea of. 
 
 The griev'd commons 
 Hardly conceive of me : let it be nois'd, 
 That, through our intercession, this revokement 
 And pardon comes, Shakci]*. Henry VTIL 
 
 O what avails me now that honour high. 
 To have conceivd of God ! or that salute. 
 Hail, hishly favour'd, among women blest! MiU. 
 
 Conceive of tilings clearly and distinctiv in their 
 own natures; conceive of things completely in all 
 their parts ; conceive of things comprehensively in 
 all their properties and relatfons ; c^nceiw of thm^s 
 extensively in all their kinds ; conceive of things 
 orderly, or in a proper method. Watts s Logick. 
 
 2. To become pregnant. 
 
 The flocks should conceive when they came to 
 drink. Genesis. 
 
 The beauteous maid, whom he beheld, pos^ess'd; 
 Conceivin^m she slept, her fruitful womb 
 Swell'd with llie founder of immortal Rome. Addis. 
 
 Conce'iver. «. s, [from conceive.] One 
 that understands or apprehends. 
 
 Though ht-reuf prudent symbols and pious alle- 
 
 fories be made by wiser conceivers, yet common 
 eads will fly unto sui>efsiitious application*. 
 
 Broken s I ul!^or Errottn. 
 
 Concent, n.s. \conciniuSt Lat.] 
 
 1 . Concert of voices ; harmony ; concord 
 
 of sound. 
 It is to be considered, that whatsoever virtue is 
 
 iu numbers, for conduciug to omccni of notes, is 
 
 367
 
 CON 
 
 rather to be ascribed tu the ante-number than to 
 the entire number Bacon. 
 
 2. Consistency. 
 
 Reasons borrowed from nature and tlie school- 
 men, as subservient mediums, carrv a nmsicli and 
 concent to that which Uod hath said in liis word. 
 
 Dr. Maine. 
 'Tis in cmiccnt to liis own principles, whicli 
 allow no merit, no ilitrinsicli worth, to accompany 
 one stale more than another. Aiterburii. 
 
 Tt< CONCE'NTR.\TE. r.a. [concentrei; 
 Fr. from con and ctmtnim, Lat.] To 
 drive into a narrow compass ; to drive 
 towards the centre : contrary to expand 
 
 or dilate. 
 
 Spirit of vineear, concentrated and reduced toils 
 greatest strcngtli, will coagulate the scrum. 
 
 Arbutltnot en Aliments. 
 
 Concentra'tion. n. s. [from concen- 
 trate.] Collection into a narrow space 
 round the centre ; compression into a 
 narrow compass. 
 
 All circular bodies, that receive a cmcentratian 
 of the light, must be shadowed in a circular man- 
 ner. Peacliam on Drauing. 
 
 To Conce'ntre. v.n. [coticenfrer, Fr. 
 
 from con and centrum, Lat.] To tend 
 
 to one common centre : to have the 
 
 same centre with something else. 
 
 The bricks having first been formed in a circu- 
 lar mould, and thencul, before their burning, into 
 four quarters or more, the sides afterwards johi so 
 closely, and the points coticentre so exactly, that 
 the pillars appear one intire piece. Wotton. 
 
 All these are like so many lines dra\vn from 
 several objects, that some way relate to him, and 
 concentre in him. ttaie. 
 
 To Conce'ntre. v. a. To direct or con- 
 tract towards one centre. 
 
 The bavins a part less to animate, will serve to 
 roitee litre the'spirits, and make them more active 
 in the rest. . Decay of Piety. 
 
 In the concentring all their precious beams 
 Of sacred influence ! Milton. 
 
 Conce'ntrical. \ adj. [concentricus, 
 CoNCENTRiCK. J Lat.] Having one 
 common centre. 
 
 If, as in water stirr'd, more circles be 
 Produc'd by one, love such additions take ; 
 Those, like so many spheres, but one heav'n make; 
 For they are all concentrick nnto thee. Donne. 
 
 Any substance, pitched steady upon two points, 
 as on'an axis, and raovine about on that axis, also 
 describes a circle concentrick to the axis. 
 
 Moion's Mechanical Eiercises. 
 
 If the crystalline humour had been concentrtcal 
 to the sclerodes, the eye would not liave admitted 
 a whole liemispiiere at one view. Rai; on the Creat. 
 
 If a stone be thrown into stagnating water, the 
 waves excited thereby continue some time to arise 
 in the place where the stone fell into the water, 
 and are propagated from thence into concentrick 
 circles upon the surface of the water to great dis- 
 tances. Newton s Opticks. 
 
 The manner of its concretion is by concentrical 
 
 rings, like those of an onion about the first kernel. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Circular revolutions in concentrick orbs about the 
 sun, or other central body, could in no wise be 
 attained without the power of the Divine arm. 
 
 Bentleij's Sermom. 
 
 CoNCEPTACLE. «. s. [conceptaculum, 
 Lat.] That in which any thing is con- 
 tained ; a vessel. 
 
 There is at this day resident, in that huge con- 
 ceptacte, water enough to eflcct such a deluge. 
 
 ^'oodiriYrd's Katural History, Preface. 
 
 CoNCEPTlBLE. adj. [from cuncipio, con- 
 ceptiim, Lat.] That may be conceived; 
 intellio-ible ; capable to be understood. 
 
 CON 
 
 Some of his attributes, a.... the manifcstatif>ns 
 thereof, are not only highly delectable to the in- 
 tellective faculty, but are most suitable and easily 
 conceplible by us, because apparent in his works. 
 Hate s Origin of ^lankind. 
 
 Conce'ption. n.s. [coyiceptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of conceiving, or growing 
 quick with pregnancy. 
 
 I will gieally multiply thy sorrow by thy concep- 
 tion ; in burrow thou shall b'ring forth children. 
 
 Genesii, iii. 16. 
 Thy sorrow I will greatly multiply 
 By thy conception ; children thou shall bring 
 In sorrow forth. 
 
 Milton^s Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. The state of being conceived. 
 Joy had the like conception in our eyes, 
 
 And, at that instant, like a babe sprung up. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Our own productions flatter us : it is impossible 
 not to be fond of them at the moment of their 
 
 concqttion. , 
 
 Dryden s Dtfresnuy. 
 
 3. Notion ; idea ; image in the mind. 
 
 As conceptions arc the images or resemblances of 
 things to the mind within itself, in the like man- 
 ner are words or names the mark^, tokens, or re- 
 semblances of those conceptions to the mhids of 
 them whom we converse with. Sonth's Sermons. 
 
 Consult the acutest poets and speakers, and they 
 will confess that their quickest, most adtiiired con- 
 ceptions, were such as darted into their minds, like 
 sudden flashes of lightning, they knew not how, 
 nor whence ; and not" by any certain consequence, 
 or dependence of one thought upon another, as it 
 is in matters of ratiocination. South's Sermons. 
 
 To have right conceptions about them, we must 
 bring our understandings to the inflexible natores 
 and unalterable relations of things, and not endea- 
 vour to bring things to any preconceived notions 
 of our own. Locke. 
 
 4. Sentiments; purpose. 
 
 Thou but remember'st me of my own conception. 
 I have perceived a must faint neglect of late ; which 
 I have rather blamed as my own jealous curiosity, 
 than as a very pretence and purpose of unkindness. 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 Please your highness, note 
 His dangerous conception in this point ; 
 Not friended by his wish to your high person, 
 His will is most malignant, and it stretches 
 Beyond you to your friends. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 5. Apprehension ; knowledge. 
 
 And as if beasts conceiv'd wliat reason were. 
 And that conception should distinctly show 
 
 They should the name of reasonable bear ; 
 For, without reason, none could reason know. 
 
 Da vies. 
 
 0. Conceit ; sentiment ; pointed thought. 
 
 He is too flatulent sometimes, and sometimes 
 too dry ; many times unequal, and almost always 
 forced; and, besides, is full of COTiCfptioi«, points 
 of epigram, and witticisms ; all which are not 
 only below the dignity of heroick verse, but con- 
 trary to its nature. Drydeiis Juienal, Dedication. 
 
 Conce'ptious. adj. [conceptum, Lat.] 
 
 Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant. 
 
 Common mother, 
 Ensear thy fertile and comeptious womb ; 
 Let it no more bring out to iugrateful man. 
 
 Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Conce'ptive. adj. [conceptum, Lat.] 
 
 Capable to conceive. 
 
 In hot climates, and where the uterine parts 
 exceed in heal, by the coldness of this simple they 
 may be reduced into a conceptive constitution. 
 
 Broicn's Vulgar Errows. 
 
 To CONCERN, v. a. [concerner, Fr. con- 
 cerno, low Lat.] 
 
 1. To relate to ; to belong to. 
 
 Exclude the use of natural reasoning about the 
 sense of holy scripture, concerning the articles of 
 
 CON 
 
 our faith ; and then, that the scripture doth con- 
 cern the articles of our faith, who can assure us? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Count Claudio may hear ; fur what I would 
 speak of coHce?*ns him. Shakesp. 
 
 Gracious things 
 Thou hast reveal'd ; those chiefly which concern 
 .Tust Abraham, and his seed. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 This place concerns not at all the dominion of 
 one brother over the other. Locke. 
 
 2. To affect with some passion ; to touch 
 neatly ; to be of importance to. 
 
 I would not 
 The cause were known to them it most concei^ns. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Our wars with France have aff'ected us iu our 
 
 most tender interests, and concerned us more than 
 
 those with any other nation. Addison on the IVar. 
 
 It much concerns them not to sutler the king to 
 
 establish his authority on this side. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 The more the authority of any station in society 
 is extended, the more it concerns publick happi- 
 ness that it be coramitled to men fearing God. 
 
 Rogers's Sermons. 
 
 3. To interest; to engage by interest. 
 
 I knew a young negxoe who was sick of the 
 small- pox : 1 found by enquiry, at a person's cms- 
 cerned for him, that tire little tumours left whitish 
 specks behind them. Boyle on Cohurs. 
 
 Above the rest two goddesses appear. 
 Concern d for each ; here Venus, .Tuno there. 
 
 D rydens ^neid . 
 
 Providence, where it loves a nation, concerns 
 itself to own and assert the interest of religion, by 
 blasting the spoilers of religious persons and 
 places. South's Sermons. 
 
 Whatever past actions it cannot reconcile, or 
 appropriate to that present self by consciousness, 
 it can be no more coiicerncd in than if they had 
 never been done. Locke. 
 
 They think themselves out of the reach of pro- 
 vidence, and no longer concerned to solicit his fa- 
 vour. Rogers. 
 
 4. To disturb; to make uneasy. 
 
 In one compressing engine I shut a sparrow, 
 without forcing any air in ; and in an hour the 
 bird began to pant, and be concerned, and in less 
 than airiiour and a half to be sick. Derham. 
 
 5. To concern himself. To intermeddle ; 
 to be busy. 
 
 Being a layman, I ought not to have concerned 
 mvse//with speculations which belong to the pro- 
 fession. Dryden. 
 
 Conce'rn. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Business; affair: considered as relating 
 to some one. 
 
 Let early care thy main concents secure. 
 Things of less moment may delays endure. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 This manner of exposing the private concertos of 
 families, and sacrificing the secrets of the dead to 
 the curiosity of the living, is one of those licen- 
 tious practices, which miglit well deserve the ani- 
 madversion of our government. Addis. Freeholder. 
 
 A Heathen em|ieror said, if the gods were of- 
 fended, it was their own concern, and they were 
 able to vindicate themselves. Suiift. 
 
 Religion is no trifling concern, to be performed 
 in any careless and superficial mamier. Rogers. 
 
 2. Interest; engagement. 
 
 No plots th' alarm to his retirements give ; 
 'Tis all mankind's concern that he should live. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 When we speak of the conflagration of the 
 world, these have no concern in the question. 
 
 Btmict's Theory of the Earth. 
 
 3. Importance ; moment. 
 
 Mysterious secrets of a high concern, 
 And weighty truths, solid convincing sense, 
 Explain'ri by unati'ccted eloquence. Roscommon. 
 
 The mind'is stunned and dazzled amidst that 
 variety of objects ; she cannot apply herself to 
 
 368
 
 CON 
 
 t}iose things which are of the utmost concern to 
 her, Addison's Spectator. 
 
 4. Passion ; affection ; regard. 
 
 Ah, what concerns did holh your souls divide ! 
 Your honour gave us what your love denied. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 Warcia, let lue hope thy kind concerns. 
 And gentle wishes, follow loe to battle. 
 
 Addison V Citto. 
 
 Why all tliis eoiieera for the poor? We "ant 
 
 them not, as the country is now managed : where 
 
 tlic plough lias no work, one family can do tlie 
 
 business of fifty. Su-iji. 
 
 CoKCERNEDLY. adv. [from concern.] 
 With affection : with interest. 
 
 They had more ])ositively and concernedly wed- 
 ded lii"s cause, than Ihcy were before understood 
 to have done. Clartndon. 
 
 Concerning, prep, [from concern ; 
 this word, originally a participle, has 
 before a noun the force of a preposition.] 
 Relating to ; with relation to. 
 
 Thcie is not any thing more subject to errour, 
 than the true judgment concerning the power and 
 forces of an estate. Bacon, 
 
 The ancients had no higher recourse than to na- 
 ture, as mav appear by a discourse concerning 
 this point in"Strabo. Broim. 
 
 None can demonstrate that tiere is such an is- 
 land as Jamaica ; yet, upon testimony, I am free 
 from all doubt conieming it. Tillotson, Pi-eface. 
 
 Concernment, n.s. [from concern.] 
 
 1 . The thing in which we are concerned 
 
 or interested ; affair ; business ; interest. 
 
 To mix with thy concernments I desist 
 Henceforth, nor too much disapprove my own, 
 
 Milton's Agon'utes. 
 
 This shews how useful you have been. 
 To bring the king's concernments in. Hndihras. 
 
 Yet when we^re sick, the doctor's fetciit in 
 haste, 
 liCaving our great concernment to the \zst. Denham. 
 
 When my concernment takes up no more room 
 ~ or compass'than myself, then, so long as I know- 
 where to breathe aiid to exist, I know also where 
 to be happy. South 
 
 He tliat is wise in the affairs and concernments 
 of other men, but careless and negligent of his 
 own, that man may be said to be busy, but he is 
 not wise. Tillotson. 
 
 Our spiritual interests, and the great concern- 
 r-ients oi a future state, would doubtless recur of- 
 ten. Atterburij, 
 
 Propositions which extend only to the present 
 life, are small, compared with those that ha%'e. in- 
 fluence upon our everlasting ceHcen;me«(j. 
 
 n'atts on the Mind. 
 
 2. Relation ; influence. 
 
 Sir, 'lis of near concernment, and imports 
 No less than the kmg's life and honour. 
 
 Denhams Sophy. 
 
 He justly fears a peace with me would prove 
 Of ill concernment to his haughty love. 
 
 Drydens Indian Emperor. 
 
 3. Intercourse ; business. 
 
 The great concernment of men is with men, one 
 amongst another. Locke. 
 
 4. Importance ; moment. 
 
 1 look upon experimental truths as matters of 
 great concernment to mankind. Boyle. 
 
 5. Interposition; regard; meddling. 
 
 He married a daughttt to the earl, willumf 
 miy other approbation of her father, or concern- 
 ment in it, th:in suli'eriug him and her to come 
 into his presence. Clts-endm. 
 
 6. Passion ; emotion of mind. 
 
 While they arc so eager to destroy the fame of 
 others, their ambition is manifest in their eeHCeni- 
 tnents. Drydcn. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CON 
 
 If it carry with it the notion of something ex- 
 traordinary, if apprehension and concernment ac- 
 company It, the idea is Wkdy to suik the det-pcr. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 7bC0>XE'RT. V. a. [concirttr, Fr. 
 from concerlart, Lat. to prepare them- 
 selves for some public exliibition, or 
 performance, by private encounters 
 among themselves.] 
 
 1. To settle any thing in private by mu- 
 tual communication. 
 
 2. To settle ; to contrive ; to adjtist. 
 
 Jlark how, already, in his working brain. 
 He forms the wM-concerted scheme of mischief. 
 
 iloaw 
 
 Co'ncert. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Communication of designs; establish- 
 ment of measures among those who are 
 engaged in the same affair. 
 
 All ihose discontents, how ruinous soever, have 
 arisen from the want of a due communication 
 and concert. Sujijt 
 
 2. A symphony; many performers playini 
 to the same ttine. 
 
 Concert a'tion. n. s. [conceHaZ/o, Lat.] 
 Strife; contention. 
 
 Conce'rtative. adj. [concertafinis. 
 Lat.] Contentious; quarrelsome; re- 
 criminating. Diet. 
 
 CONCE'SSION. n. s. [concessio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of granting or yielding. 
 
 The conccsskm of these charters was m a parlia- 
 mentary way. Hate's Common Law of England. 
 
 2. A grant; the thing yielded. 
 
 I still counted myself undiminished by my 
 largest concessions, if" by them I mi^ht gain the 
 love of my people. King Charles. 
 
 When a" lover becomes satisfied by small com- 
 pliances, without further pursuits, "then expect 
 to find popular assemblies content witli small 
 concessions. Su-ift 
 
 Conc'essionary adj. [from concession.] 
 
 Given by indulgence or allowance. 
 
 Conce'ssively. adv. [from concession.] 
 
 By way of concession ; as, yielding ; 
 
 not controverting by assum.plion. 
 
 Some have written rhetorically and co}icessively ; 
 
 not controverting, but as.^umnig the question, 
 
 which, taken as granted, advantaged the illation. 
 
 Broulis Vnlg. Erroui-s, 
 
 Conch, n. s. [concha, Lat.] A shell; a 
 sea shell. 
 
 He furnishes her closet first, and fills 
 Tho crowded shelves w'ith rarities of shells : 
 Adds orient pearls, which from the concftshe drew. 
 And all the sparkling stones of various hue. 
 
 Druden's Fables. 
 
 Co'nchoid. n. s. The name of a curve. 
 
 Conci'liar. adj. [concilium, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to a council 
 
 Having been framed by men of primitive sim- 
 plicity, fn free and cencifiar debates, without any 
 ambitious regards. Baker's Reflections on Learning. 
 
 ToCONCrLI.\TE. i'. a. [coticilio, Lat.] 
 To gain ; to procure good will ; to re- 
 concile. 
 
 It was accounted a pliiltre, or plants that eeiici- 
 liote affection. Broicn's Vnlg. Krrours. 
 
 Concilia'tion. n.s. [from conciliate.] 
 The act of gaining or reconciling. Diet. 
 
 Concilia'tor. 71. s. [from conciliate.] 
 One that makes peace between others. 
 
 Conciliatory, adj. [from conciliate.] 
 Relating to reconciliation. Diet. 
 
 COX 
 
 Conci'nnity. n. s. [from concinnilas' 
 Lat.] Decency; fitness. 
 
 CONCINNOUS. adj. [concinnous, Lat.] 
 Becoming; pleasant; agreeable. 
 
 Co'ncioNATORY. adj. [concionatoriu3, 
 concio, Lat.] Used at preachings or pub- 
 lick assemblies. 
 
 Their comeliness unl)eguiled tlic vulgar of the 
 old oj'inion the loyalists had formerly infused into 
 Ihem by their cerjei*>natori/ invectives. Hoicel. 
 
 CONCrSE. adj. [concisjis ait, Lat.] 
 Brief; short ; broken into short periods. 
 
 The concise stile, which expresselli not enough, 
 but leaves somewhat to be understood. 
 
 Ben Jonson'i Uiscorerie$. 
 Where the author is obscure, enlighten liim ; 
 where he is too brief and concise, amplify a little, 
 and set his notions in a fairer view. 
 
 Watts on the ^lind. 
 
 Concise'ly. adv. [from concise.] Briefly; 
 shortly ; in a few words ; in short sen- 
 tences. 
 
 Ulysses here speaks very concisely, and he may 
 seem to break abruptly iulo the sobject. 
 
 Broirne on the Odyssey. 
 
 CoNCi'sENESS. n. s. [from concise.] Bre- 
 vity ; shortness. 
 
 (Jiving more scope to Mezentius and Lausus. 
 that version, which has more of the majesty of 
 \ iriiil, has less of his conciseness. Dryden. 
 
 CoNCi'siON. n. s. [conciiiim, Lat.] Cut- 
 ting off; excision ; destruction. 
 
 Concita'tion. n. s. [concitatio, Lat] 
 The act of stirring up, or putting in 
 motion. 
 
 The revelations of heaven arc conceived by im- 
 mediate illumination of the soul ; whervas ti!e de- 
 ceiving spirit, by concitation of humours, produces 
 conceitetl phant'asmes. Brown. 
 
 Conclama'tion. ji. s. [conctamatio, I^t] 
 An outcry or shout of many together. 
 
 Diet. 
 Conclave, n.s. [conc/aie, Lat.] 
 
 1. A private apartment. 
 
 2. The room in which the cardinals meet; 
 or, ti\e assembly of the cardinals. 
 
 I thmik the holy conclace for their loves ; 
 They 'vc sent me such a man I would have wish'd 
 for. Shahesp. 
 
 It was said of a cardinal, hy reasim of his ai'- 
 parent likelihood to step into St, Ptter's cliair, 
 that in two conclaits be went m pope and came 
 out ajjaln cardinal. South's Sermons. 
 
 3. A close assembly. 
 
 Fortliwith a conclave of tlie godhead meets. 
 Where Juno in the shining senate sits. Garth. 
 
 To CONCLU DE. v. a. [concludo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To shut. 
 
 The verv iJcrson of Christ, therefore, for ever 
 and the self-same, was only, touching bodily sub- 
 stance, concluded within tlie grave. ttooker. 
 
 2. To include; to comprehend. 
 
 God hath concluded lliem all in unbelief, that 
 he might have mercy upon all. Romans, xi. SS. 
 
 3. To collect by ratiocination. 
 
 The proi idences of God are promiscuously ad- 
 ministered ia this world ; so that no man can con. 
 elude God's love or hatred to any person, by any 
 thing that befals him. mtotson. 
 
 4. To decide ; to determine ; that is, to 
 shut or close the dispute. 
 
 Youth, ere it sees the world, here studies rest; 
 And age, returning thence, conchides it best. 
 
 Dr^de I. 
 
 But no frail man, however great or high. 
 Can be concluded blest before he die. Addis. Olid. 
 
 5. To entl ; to finish. 
 
 3B 
 
 3G9
 
 CON 
 
 Is it concluded he shall be protector ? 
 It is determined, not concluded yet ; 
 13ut so it must be, if the king miscarry. 
 
 Shahesp.Rirk.Ul 
 
 I will conclude this part with tlie speech of a 
 
 comiscllor of state. Bacon. 
 
 Tiicse are my theme, and how tlie war beg;ui, 
 
 And how concluded by the godlike man. 
 
 Dryden's Mneid. 
 
 0. To oblige, ashy the final determination. 
 
 Tlie king \v(Hild never enthire liiat ihc base 
 nmltitude slionld frustrate the authorits' of the 
 parliauK'ut, wiierein tlieir voles and cunbcnts were 
 coiu'liided. Bacon s Henrif VII. 
 
 If therefore tliey will apjjeaj to revelation for 
 their creation, they must be concluded by it. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 He never refused to be concluded by the autho- 
 rity of one legally summoned. Atterbury. 
 
 To Conclude, r. ?2. 
 
 1. To perfi.)rm the last act of ratiocina- 
 tion; to collect the consequence; to de- 
 temnine. 
 
 For uhy should we the busy soul believe, ' 
 \\ hen boldly she concludes of' that and this ; 
 
 Wlien of herself slie can nu judgment give, 
 Nor how, nor whence, nor where, nur wliat she 
 is ? Davies. 
 
 The blind man's relations import no necessity 
 of c(tJiclud'mg, that though black was the roughest 
 of colours, therefore while should be tlie smooth- 
 est, Boyk on Colours. 
 
 There is something infamous in the very at- 
 tempt : the world will conclude I had a guilty con- 
 science. Arbuthnot's History of John Bull. 
 
 2. To settle opinion. 
 
 Can we conclude upon Luther's instability as 
 our authur has done, because, in a single notion, 
 no way fundamental, an enemy writus that he 
 bad some doublings? Atterburif. 
 
 I questinn not but your translation will do ho- 
 nour to our country ; fur I conclude of it already 
 from those performances. Addistm to Pope. 
 
 3. Finally to determine. 
 
 Tliey linnibiv sue unto your excellence, 
 To have a goodly peace concluded of 
 Between the realms of England and of France. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 4. To end. 
 
 And all around wore nuptial bonds, the tics 
 Of love's assurance, and a train of lyes. 
 That, made in lust, conclude in perjuries. 
 
 Drydeni Fables. 
 We'll tell when 'tis enough, 
 Or if it wants the nice concluding houL King. 
 
 Conclu'dency. n. s. [from conchideid.] 
 Consequence ; regular proof; logical 
 deduction of reason. 
 
 Judgment concerning things to be known, or 
 the neglect and concludency of them, ends in de- 
 cision. Hale. 
 
 Conclu'den T. arlj. [from conclude ] 
 Decisive ; ending in just and undeniable 
 consequences. 
 
 Thoui;ii these kind of arguments may seem 
 more obscure, yet, upon a due consideration of 
 tiiem, thev are highly consequential and conrlu- 
 dent to my purpose. Hale's Origin of Mardiind. 
 
 Conclu'dingly. adv, [from conclude.] 
 With imcontrovertible evidence. 
 
 Examine whether the opinion you meet with, 
 repugnai'.t to what you were fomierly embued 
 with, be concludingly demonstrated or not D'gby. 
 
 CoNCLu'siBLE. udj, [from co7iclude.~\ 
 
 Determinable ; certain by regular proof. 
 
 'Tis as certainly conclusible from God's pre- 
 science, that they will voluntarily do this, as 
 that they will do it at all. Hamnumd. 
 
 CoNCLu'siON, n,s, [£vom conclude.] 
 
 CON 
 
 1. Determination; final decision. 
 
 Ways of peaceable coHc^/sion there arc but these 
 twM certain ; the one a sentence of judicial dcci- 
 siun, given by authority thereto apjiointed within 
 ourselves ; (he other, the like kind of sentence 
 given by a more universal authority. Hooker. 
 
 2. The collection from propositions pre- 
 mised ; the consequence. 
 
 Ihe conclusion of experience, from the time past 
 to the time present, will not be sound and per- 
 fect. Bacoji's War with Spain. 
 
 And marrying divers principles and grounds. 
 Out of their match a tnie conclusion bungs. Davies. 
 
 Then doth tlie wit 
 Build fonrl conclusions on those idle grounds; 
 Then doth it ily the good, and ill pursue. Davies. 
 
 I only deal Gy rules of art. 
 Such as arc lawful, and judge by 
 Conclusions of astrology. Hadibras. 
 
 It is of the nature of principles, to yield a con- 
 cliisiiin diiiereut from tliumselves. TUlotson. 
 
 He granted him both the major and the minor; 
 but denied him the co}iclusion. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 3. The close; the last I'esult of argumen- 
 tative deduction. 
 
 Let us hear the cojiclusion of the whole matter : 
 Fear God, and keep his commandments ; for this 
 is the whole duty of man. Eccles. xii. 13. 
 
 I have been reasoning, and in conclusion have 
 thought it best to return to what fortune hath 
 made my home. Su'ift. 
 
 4. The event of experiments; experi- 
 ment. 
 
 Her physician tells me, 
 
 She has pursued conclusitms infinite 
 Of easy ways to die. Shak. Antony and Cleopat>-a. 
 
 We practise likewise all conclusions of grafting 
 and inoculating, as well of wild trees as fruit 
 trees. Bacon s New Atlantis. 
 
 5. The end ; the last part. 
 
 I can speak no longer; yet I will strain my- 
 self to breathe out this one invocation, which shall 
 be my conclusion. Houci. 
 
 0, In Shakespeare it seems to signify si- 
 lence ; confinement of the thoughts. 
 
 Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes 
 And still conclusion, shall acquire no honour, 
 Derauring upon me. Shak. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 CoNCLu'siVE. adj, [from conclude.] 
 
 1, Decisive; giving the last determina- 
 tion to the opinion. 
 
 The agreeing votes of bolh houses were not by 
 any law or reason conclusive to my judgment. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 The last dictate of the understanding is not 
 always absolute in itself, nor conclusive to the will, 
 yet it produces no antecedent nor external neces- 
 sity. Bramhall's Answa- to Hobbes. 
 
 They have secret reasons for what they seem to 
 do, wliich, whatever they are, they must be equal- 
 ly' conclusive for us as they were for them. Rogers. 
 
 2, Regularly consequential. 
 
 Those that are not men of art, not knowing 
 the true forms of syllogism, cannot know whether 
 ihey are made in right and conclusive modes and 
 figures. Locke. 
 
 CoNCLC'sivELY. adv. [from conclusive.] 
 Decisively ; -with final determination. 
 
 This I speak only to desire Eupolis not to speak 
 peremptorily, or conclusively, touching the point 
 of possibility, till they have' heard me deduce the 
 means of the execution. Bacon. 
 
 CoNCLU'siVENESS n.s, [fvom conclusive.] 
 Power of determining the opinion ; re- 
 gular consequence. 
 
 Consideration of things to be known, of their 
 several weights, conclusiveness, or evidence. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankiiid. 
 
 CON 
 
 To Concoa'gulate. v. a. [from con and 
 coagulate] To curdle or congeal one 
 thing with anotlter. 
 
 The saline parts of those, upon their solution 
 by the rain, may work upon those other substan- 
 ces, formerly co\icoagulaled with them. 
 
 Boyle's Eiperiments. 
 They do but coagulate themselves, wiih con~ 
 coagulating with them any water. 
 
 Boyle's History of Firmness. 
 
 CoNCOAGU'LATiON.n.s. [from concoagu- 
 late.] A coagulation by which different 
 bodies are joined in one mass. 
 
 To CONCO'CT. V. a. [concoquo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To digest by the stomach, so as to turn 
 food to nutriment. 
 
 The working of purging medicines cometh two 
 or iJiree hours after the medicines taken ; for that 
 the stomach tirst makelh a proof, wiiether it can 
 concoct them. Bacon. 
 
 Assuredly he was a man of a feeble stoni;ich, 
 unable to concoct any great fortune, prosperous 
 or adverse. Havward. 
 
 The vital functions are performed by general 
 and constant laws ; the food is concocted, the heart 
 beats, the blood eirculules, the lungs pliy. 
 
 Cheyne's Philosophicul Principles. 
 
 Tlie notions and sentiments of others judgment, 
 as well as of our own memory, makes our pro- 
 perty : it does, as it were, concdcf our intellectual 
 food, and turns it into a part of ourselves. 
 
 TT'uHs on the Mind. 
 
 2. To purify oi* sublime by heat; to height- 
 en to perfection. 
 
 The small close-lurking minister of fate, 
 Whose high concocted venom through the veins 
 A rapid lightning darts. Thomson's Summer. 
 
 3. To ripen. 
 
 The root which continueth ever in the earth, Is 
 still concocted by the earth ; and fruits and grains 
 are half a year in concocting, whereas leaves are 
 out and perfect in a month. Bacon. 
 
 CoNCo'cTiON. n, s. [from concoct.] Di- 
 gestion in the stomach ; maturation 
 by heat; the acceleration of any thing 
 towards purity and perfection. 
 
 This hard rolling is between concoction and a 
 simple maturation. Bacons I^atnrul History. 
 
 The constantest notion of concoction is, that It 
 should signify the degreesof alteration of one body 
 into anotlierl from crudity to perfect concoctiony 
 which is the ultimity of that action or process. 
 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 
 He, though he knew not which soul spake. 
 Because both meant, both spake the same, 
 
 Might th'uce a new concoction take, 
 And part far purer than he came. Donne. 
 
 CoNcoLOUR. adj. [coficolor. Lat.] Of 
 one colour ; without variety. 
 
 In co/icolour animals, and such as are confined 
 unto the same colour, we measure not their beauty 
 thereby ; for if a crow or blackbird grow white 
 we account it more pretty. Brown. 
 
 Conco'mitance. In. s. [from conconU- 
 Conco'mitancy. J for, Lat.] Subsis- 
 tence together with another thing. 
 
 The secondary action subsisleth not alone, but 
 in concomituncij with the other ; so the nostrils are 
 useful for respiration and smelling, but the prin 
 cipal use is smelling. Brown. 
 
 To argue from a concomitancy to a causality, 
 is not inlallibly conclusive. Glanvilles Scepsis. 
 
 COXCO'iMlTANT. ad/\ [c07icomttans, 
 Lat.] Conjoined with ; concurrent with ; 
 coming and going with, as collateral, 
 not causitive or consequential. 
 
 370 
 
 *
 
 CON 
 
 The spirit that furthereth the extension or dila- 
 ' tation of bodies, and is ever concomitant witli po- 
 rosil^ and dryness. Bacon- 
 
 It has pleased uur wise Creator to annex to se- 
 veral ghjt'cts, as also to several of our llioiiiiiits, a 
 concomitant pleasure ; and that in several oty'^crs, 
 to several degrees. Locke. 
 
 CoNCo'.AiTTANT. n. s. Companion; per- 
 son ox* thing collaterally connected. 
 
 These eiiccts are, fioiu the lucal motion of the 
 air, a oncomitant of the sound, and not from the 
 sound. Baci^n. 
 
 Ilti made him the chief concomitant of liis ht-ir 
 apparent and only son, in a journey of much ad- 
 venture. Wotton. 
 
 In consumptions, the preternatural coticomitants, 
 an universal neat of the body, a tormiiious diar- 
 rha-a, aud hot distillations, hav^- all a corrosive 
 quality. Harrcu oji Cojisumptions. 
 
 The" other concomitant of iiigiatilude is hard- 
 ■ heartedness, or want of compassion. 5ou(/i's Serin. 
 Horror stalks around, 
 Wild staring, and his sad concomitant 
 Despair, oi abject look. Philips. 
 
 Reproach is a concomitant to greatness, as satires 
 and invecti\es were an essential part of a Roman 
 triumph. Addison, 
 
 And for tobacco, who could bear it ? 
 Filthy ri7Hro»H*f(7«t of claret! Prior. 
 
 \\ here antecedents, concomitants and coiise- 
 qiients, causes and etiect-s, signs and things sig- 
 nified, subjects and adjuncts, are necessarily con- 
 nected wilii each otlitr, we may infer. Watts. 
 
 CoNCo'.MiTANTLY. adv, [iVom concoini- 
 
 tanfJ] In company with others. Diet. 
 
 T(7 Conco'mitate. v. a. [coTicomitati/Sj 
 
 Lat.] To be collaterally connected with 
 
 ajiy thing ; to come and go with another. 
 
 This simple bloody spectation of the lungs, is 
 
 differenced from that which concomitates a pleurisy. 
 
 Harvcii on Con^^umptim. 
 
 CO'NCORD. n. s. [coticnrdin, Lo.t.] 
 
 1. Agreement between persons or things; 
 suitableness of one to another; peace; 
 union ; mutual kindness. 
 
 Had I power. I should 
 Pour the swctt milk of omcortl into licll, 
 Uproar the imivtrrsal pence. Shaksjt. Macbeth, 
 
 What concord hath Christ with Belial? 
 
 2. Cor, vi. 15. 
 One shall rise 
 Of prond ambitious lieart, who not content 
 With fair equality, fraternal state, 
 Will airocale dominion uiidestTv'd 
 Over his bretliren, and quite dispossess 
 Concord and law of nature from the earth, Millcn. 
 
 Unsafe within the wind 
 Of such coiniiiotion ; such as, to set forth 
 Great things by small, if, nature's concord hroke. 
 Among the constellations war were sprung. .'Mi/fun. 
 Kiud fi)nci>r((, heavenly bom ! whose blissful 
 reign 
 Holds this vast tlobe in one surrounding chain ; 
 Soul of the world ! Ticket. 
 
 2. A compact. 
 
 It appeareth by the concord made between Hen- 
 ry anil Roderick thelrish King. Davkson Ireland. 
 
 3. Harmony ; consent of sounds. 
 
 The man who hath not musick in himself. 
 Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds. 
 Is fit for treason. SImkesp. ilerch. of Venice. 
 
 4. Principal grammatical relation of one 
 •word to another, distinct from regimen. 
 
 Have those who h.-ive writ about declensions, 
 concords, and syntaxes, lost their labour ? Locke. 
 
 CoNco'RDANCE. w. s. \concordantia, 
 Ut.] 
 
 1. .Agreement. 
 
 2. \ book which shews in Iiow man}' 
 texts of scripture any word occurs. 
 
 1 shall take it for an opportunity to tell you, 
 
 ■hew you are to lule the city out of a concordance. 
 
 Soutns Sermons, liedication. 
 
 CON 
 
 Some of you turn over a concoi-dance, and tliere, 
 having the principal word, introduce as much of 
 the verse as will serve your turn. .S«'t/;. 
 
 An old concordance hound long since. Swift. 
 S, A concord in grammar; one of the three 
 chief relations in speech. It is not now 
 in use in this sense. 
 
 After three concordances learned, let the master 
 read unto hliu the epiilles of Crcero. 
 
 Ascham's Schotilmaslcr. 
 
 Conco'rdant. adj. [concordans, Lat.] 
 Agreeable ; agreeing ; correspondent ; 
 harmonious. 
 
 Were every one employed in points concoi'dmit 
 to their natures, professions, and arts, common- 
 wealths would rise up of themselves. 
 
 Jirowns Vulg. Errour$. 
 
 Conco'rdate. n. s. \covcordat, Fr. 
 concordatum, Lat,] A compact; a con- 
 vention. 
 
 How comes he to number the want of synods in 
 the Gcdlican church among the grievances of that 
 concordate, and as a mark of tlieir slavery, since 
 lie reckons all convocations of the clergy in En- 
 gland to be useless and danixerous? Snifi. 
 
 Conco'rporal. adj. [from concorporo, 
 Lat. to incorporate.] Of the same body. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To Conco'rpoRATE. v. a. from an and 
 corpus.l To unite into one mass or sub- 
 stance. 
 
 When we concoiyorate the sign with the signi6- 
 cation, we conjoin tbe word with the spirit. 
 
 Taylor s Worthy Communicant. 
 
 To Conco'rpoRATE. v.n. [con and co?'- 
 JD7/S.] To unite into one body, 
 
 Tiius we chastise the ^od of wine 
 M ith water th.tt is femiinne. 
 Until ihe cooler nymph abate 
 His wrath, and so concorporate. Ck'n^eland. 
 
 Concgrpora'tion. n.s. [h-om co7icor- 
 
 porate.'] Union in one mass ; intimate 
 
 mixture. Diet. 
 
 Concourse, n. s. [eoncursus, Lat.] 
 
 L The confluence of many persons or 
 
 things to one place. 
 
 Do all tlie nightly guards. 
 The city's watches, witli the people's fears, 
 The concourse of all good men, strike thee nothing? 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 Tlie coalition of the good frame of the universe 
 ■was not the product of chance, or fortuitous con- 
 course of particles of matter. Hti/e's Orig. o/Mank. 
 
 Vain is his f^rcc, and vainer is his skill, 
 AVitli such a concourse comes the flood of ill. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 2. The persons assembled. 
 
 The prince ^^ith wonder liears, from ev*ry part, 
 The noise and busj cottcourse of the mart. 
 
 Drydens yirgil. 
 
 3. The point of junction or intersection 
 of tAvo bodies. 
 
 So soon as the upper glass is laid upon the lower, 
 so as to tt'uch it at one end, and to touch the drop 
 at the iiiher end, making witli tlie lower elass an 
 angle of about ten or fifteen minutes ; the drop 
 ■will begin to move towards the concourse of the 
 glasses, and will continue to move with an acele- 
 rated motion, till it arrives at tliat concourse of llie 
 glasses. Ke ton. 
 
 Concre'm ATION. 71. s. jTvcni f07/cn7Hrt, 
 Lat. to burn together ] Tlie act of burn- 
 ing many things together. Diet. 
 
 Con'cremext. h. s. [from coticreseoy 
 Lat.] Tbe mass formed by concretion ; 
 a collection of matter growing together. 
 
 CON 
 
 Tlicre is th'* cohesion of the matter into a more 
 loose consistency, like clay, and llurehy it U pre- 
 pared to the coTicrement of a pebl-l*' or llini. 
 
 Hales Origin tff Mankind. 
 
 Concre'scense. 77. 5 [from contrisco, 
 I^t.] The act or quality of growing by 
 tlie union of separate particles 
 
 Seeing it is neither a suh'^^ance perfect, nor in- 
 choate, how any other substance should thence 
 lake C(/Hcrt'scnce, hath not been laujiht. 
 
 Hatti^h's History if the WarUi. 
 
 To CONCRETE, [concre^co, Lat.] To 
 coalesce into one mass ; to grow by the 
 union and cohesion of parts. 
 
 The mineral or melallick matlrr, thus rmicrff- 
 ing with the crystalline, is etjually diiVuM-d 
 thoughout the body of it. 'irorwiuvrd. 
 
 When any saline liquor is evaporated to a cuti- 
 cle, and let cool, the salt cmicrctes in reguhtr 
 figures ; which argues that the parlicleb of ihe >alt, 
 before they concreted, floated in the litpior at eqnaj 
 distances,' in rank and file. h'ewton. 
 
 Ihe blood of some who died of the plague 
 could not be m.de to concrete, by reason of ilie 
 putrefaction begun. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To Concret'e. v. a. To form by con- 
 cretion; to form by the coalition of 
 scattered particles. 
 
 That there are in our inferitmr world divers bo- 
 dies, that are concreted out of others, is beyond 
 all dispute : we see it in the meteors. 
 
 Hate's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Co'ncrete. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Formed by concretion ; formed by coa- 
 lition of separate particles into one 
 mass. 
 
 The tirst concrete state, or consistent surface, of 
 the chaos, must be of the same figure as the last 
 liquid state. Burnet. 
 
 2. [In logick.] Not abstract: applied to a 
 subject. 
 
 A kind of mutual commutation there is, where- 
 by those c(»nrrete names, God and man, when we 
 speak of Christ, do take interchangeably one an- 
 other's room; so tliat, for truth of speech, it 
 skilleth not whether we say that the son of God 
 hath created the world, and tl:e !-on of man by bis 
 death hath saved it ; or else that the son of men 
 did create, and the son of God died to save, tJie 
 world. HiU'^rr. 
 
 Concrete terms, while they express the quality 
 do also either express, or imply, or refer to some 
 subject to which It belongs ; as white, round, 
 long, broad, wise, mort;d, iFving, dead : but these 
 are not always noun adjectives in a grammatical 
 sense; for a knave, a fooH a philosopher, and 
 many other concretes, are substantives, as well as 
 knavery, folly, and philosophy, which are the 
 abstract terms that belong to them.iraKs' ogick. 
 
 Co'ncrete. n. s, A mass formed by con- 
 cretion ; or, union of various parts ad- 
 hering to each other. 
 
 If gold itself be admitted, as it inust be, for a 
 porous concrete, the proportion of void to body, in 
 the texture of common air, will be so much the 
 greater. Bcntley's S<rrmons. 
 
 Concre'tely. adv. [from concrete.'] In 
 a manner including the subject with the 
 predicate ; not abstractly. 
 
 Sin, considered not abstractedly for the mere 
 act of obliquity, but concretely, with such a spe- 
 cial dependance of it upon the will as serves to 
 render th agent guilty. ym-rts. 
 
 CONCRETENESS. W. 5. from COflClcfe.] 
 
 Coagulation ; collection of fluids into a 
 solid mass. Diet, 
 
 Concre'tion. U.S. [from coucrete.] 
 I, The act of concreting ; coalition. 
 
 371
 
 CON 
 
 2. The mass formed by a coalition of se- 
 parate particles. 
 
 S^tme pUiit'ls, upon the tup uf the sea, are sup- 
 puscd to grow of some coii^ret'on of blinie fruru 
 tlie WAt^r, where tlie sea slirrcth liltle. 
 
 Bacons Xatural Historij. 
 
 Heat, in general, dotli not resolve aud attenu- 
 ate the juices of a human body : for ton great 
 heat will produce cuiicretions. Arbuthjiot on AUmcnts. 
 
 Concre'tive. adj\ [from cr)?(cr('/f.] Ha- 
 ving the power to produce concretions; 
 congulalive. 
 
 When wo(ifl and nilier bodies petrify, we do 
 not ascribe their indviration to cold, but unto sali- 
 uous spirit, or coKcrente juices Browns Vnlg. Ktr. 
 
 CoNCRETURE. 11. s. [from concntt.] A 
 mass formed by coagulation, 
 
 Concu'binage. w. 8. [from concubi- 
 nage, Vy. concubinaUis, Lat.] The act 
 of living Avith a woman not married. 
 
 Adultery was punished with death by the anci- 
 ent heathens : concubi»(io;e was permitted. Broom. 
 
 CO'XCUBIXE. w. s, [concuhina, Lat.] 
 A woman kept in fornication ; a whore ; 
 a strumpet. 
 
 I know 1 ara too mean to be your queen. 
 And yet too good to be your concubine. 
 
 Shuhesp. Henry \\, 
 AVhen his great friend was suitor to hira to par- 
 don an orttMuier, he denied him : afterwards, 
 w hen a concubine of his made the same suit, he 
 
 f ranted it to lier ; and said. Such suits were to 
 e granted to whores. Bacon. 
 
 He caused him to paint one of his concubines, 
 Campaspe, who had liie greatest share in his adec- 
 tion. Vrydcn, 
 
 The wife, though a bright goddess, thus gives 
 place 
 To moitai concubines of fresh embrace. Granville. 
 
 To COXCU'LCATE. i\ a, [concuko, Ijxt.] 
 To tread, or trample, under foot. Diet. 
 Conculca'tion. n, s. [fi*om conailcatio, 
 Lat.] Trampling with the feet. Diet, 
 CONCU'PISCENCE. 71. s. [from concvpi- 
 scentia, Lat.] Irregular desire; libi- 
 dinous wish ; lust ; lechery. 
 
 We know even secret concupiscence to be sin ; 
 aud are made fearful to otl'end, though it be but 
 in a wandering cogitation. Hooker. 
 
 In our faces the evident signs 
 Of foul concupiscence ; whence evil store, 
 Ev'n shame, the last of evils. ^^lilton^s Par. Lost. 
 Nor can they say, that the ditlerence of climate 
 inclines one nation to concupiscence and sensual 
 pleasures, another fo blood-thirstiness : it would 
 discover great ignorance not to know, that a peo- 
 ple has been overrun with recently invented vice. 
 Bendey's Sermons, 
 
 CONCUTISCENT. adj. [concupiscens, 
 Lat.] Libidinous; lecherous. 
 
 He would not, but by gift of my chaste body 
 To his conrup/scenf intemperate lust, 
 Kelcase njy brother. Shakesp. Measurt for Meas. 
 
 Conclpisce'ntial. adj. [from concu- 
 piscent.] Relating to concupiscence. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 CoNCUPi'sciBLE. adj. [concupiscibilis, 
 Lat.] Impressing desire ; eager ; desi- 
 rous ; inclining to the pm-suit or attain- 
 ment of any thing. 
 
 The schools reduce all the passions to these two 
 heads, the ccmc/fpiscit'k and irascible appetite. 
 
 South's Sermons. 
 
 To CONCU'R. r. n, [concui'vo, Lat.] 
 i. To meet in one point. 
 
 CON 
 
 Though reason favour tlicm, yet sense can tiarci- 
 ij allow tlicni ; and, to satisfy, bolli these must 
 concur. Temple. 
 
 •2. To agree; to join in one action, or opi- 
 nion. 
 
 Acts which shall be done Vy the greater part of 
 my executors, shall be as valul and ctfectual as if 
 all mv executors had concurred in the same. 
 
 •^ . Sidji's Last Will. 
 
 :3. It has U'ifh before the person witli whom 
 one agrees. 
 
 If is not evil simply to concur with the heathens, 
 cither in oniiiioi: or action; and that conformity 
 with Iheni is o.ily then a disgrace, when we follow 
 them in that they do amiss, or geueially in that 
 they do without reason. Hooker. 
 
 4. It has to before the effect to which one 
 contributes. 
 
 Their allcctionB were known to concur to the 
 most desperate counsels. Clarendon. 
 
 Extremes in nature equal good produce. 
 Extremes iji man concur to general use. Pope. 
 
 5. To be united with; to be conjoined. 
 
 To have an orthodox belief, and a true profes- 
 sion, concun-'mg with a bad life, is only to deny 
 Christ wiih a greater solenniity. _ South. 
 
 Testimony is the argument ; and, if fair proba- 
 bilities of reason concur with it, this argument 
 hath all t!ie strength it can have. TUIotson. 
 
 f> . To contribute to one common event with 
 joint power. 
 
 \\'hen outward causes concur, the idle are soon- 
 est seized by this infection. Collier on the Spleen. 
 
 CONCU'ERENCE. 1 _ 3. [from concur.] 
 
 CoNCi; RREKCY. J '" 
 
 1. Union; association; conjunction. 
 
 We have no other measure but our own ideas, 
 with the concurrence of other probable reasons, to 
 persuade us. Locke. 
 
 2. Agreement ; act of joining in any de- 
 sign, or measures. 
 
 Their cniicuriTHCc in persuasion, about some ma- 
 terial points belonging to the same polity, is not 
 sfrance. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 The concioTCTice of the peers in that fury, can 
 be imputed to the irreverence the judges were in. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Tarquin the proud was cxiielled by an univer- 
 sal concurrence of nobles ana people. 
 
 Sai/i on the Diss in Athens and Home. 
 
 3. Combination of many agents or cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 Struck widi these great concurrences of things. 
 
 Crashaw. 
 
 He views our bchavour in every conciiri-eiire of 
 affa'rs, and sees us engage in all the possibilities 
 of action. Addison^s Spectator. 
 
 4. Assistance ; help. 
 
 From these sublime images we collect the great- 
 ness of the work, and the necessitv of the divine 
 concurrence to it. Rogers. 
 
 5. Joint right ; equal claim. 
 
 A bishop might have officers, if there was a 
 conCHiTracy of jurisdic.'^-n between him and the 
 archdeacon. AyulJc. 
 
 CoNCU'RRENT. adj. [from conair.] 
 \. Acting in conjunction ; agreeing in the 
 same act; contributing to the same 
 event; concomitant in agency. 
 
 I conjoin.with these laws the personal presence 
 of the king's sou, as a concuiroU cause of this 
 reformation. Dueies on Ireland. 
 
 For, without the cracurrent consent of all these 
 three parts of the legislature, no such law is or 
 can be made. nale. 
 
 This jole vital faculty is not sufficient to exter- 
 minate noxious humours to the periphery, unless 
 the animal faculty heconeurrcnt with it, to supply 
 the fibres w ith animal spirits. Hurvcy. 
 
 CON 
 
 .\I1 combin'd , 
 Your beauty, and my impotence of mind ; 
 And his concurrent tlauic, that blew niy fire ; 
 For still our kindred souls had one desire. 
 
 Dryden's Fallet. 
 
 2. Conjoined ; associate ; concomilant. 
 There is no dilference between the concurrent 
 echo and the iterant, but the cjuicknes or sK-wness 
 of the return. Bacon. 
 
 Concu'rren T n. s. [from concm-.] That 
 which concurs ; a contributory cause. 
 
 To all atfairs of importance lliere are three ne- 
 cessary concurrent.'', without which they can never 
 be dispatchetl ; tiuie, industry, aiul faculties. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 CONCU'SSION. n.s. [concussio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of shaking; agitation; treme- 
 faction. 
 
 It is believed that great ringing of bells, in po- 
 pulous cities, hat.h dissipated pestileutair; whuch 
 may be from the cojicu^ion of the air. 
 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 The strong concussion on the heaving tide 
 Roll'd back the vessel to tiic island's side. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. The state of being shaken. 
 
 There want not instances of such an universal 
 concussion of the whole globe, as must needs imply 
 an agitation of the whi^e abyss. 
 
 }Voodu\ird's Natural History. 
 
 CoNcu'ssiVE. adj. [concussti.!, I.at.] Ha- 
 ving the power or quality of shaking. 
 
 To CONDEMN, v. a. \condcmno, Lat.] 
 
 1. To find guilty; to doom to punish- 
 ment : contrary to absolve. 
 
 My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, 
 And"ev'ry tongue brings in a sev'ral tale. 
 And ev'ry tale condemns me for a vilh'in. 
 
 Shakesp. llichardWl. 
 
 Is he found guilty ? 
 
 Ves, truly, is he, and coiulemnd \i\tonK. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry Xlll. 
 
 Considered as ajudge, it condemns v here it ought 
 to absolve, and pronounces absolution where it 
 ou flit to condemn. Fiddcs's Sermons. 
 
 2. It has to before the punishment. 
 
 Tlie son of man shall be betrayed unto the 
 scribes, and they shall condemn him tu death. 
 
 Matt. XX. 18. 
 
 3. To censure; to blame; to declare cri- 
 minal ; contrary to approve. 
 
 Who then shall blame 
 His pester'd senses to recoil and start, 
 \\ hen all that is wiihiu him does condemn 
 Itself for being there .' Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The poet, who flourished in the scene, is con- 
 demned in the ruelle. Dryden's ..Encid, Preface. 
 
 He who was so unjust as to do his brother an 
 injury, will scarce be so just as to coiidtniii himself 
 for it: i"<^te- 
 
 They who approve my conduct in this parti- 
 cular, arc much more numerous than those who 
 condemn it. Spectator. 
 
 4. To fine. 
 
 And the king of Ecvpt put him down at Jeru- 
 salem, and condemned the land in an hundred ta- 
 lents of silver. " '- Chronicla. 
 
 5. To sliew gilt by contrast. 
 
 The richteuus that is dead shall condemn the un- 
 godly which are living. Misdom. iv. 16. 
 
 Conde'mnable. adj. [from condemn.'] 
 Blameable ; cidpable. 
 
 He comuuinds to deface the print of a cauldron 
 in ashes ; which strictly to observe, were coi^emn- 
 able superstition. Brown. 
 
 Condemna'tion. n. s. [condemna- 
 tio, Lat.] The sentence by which 
 
 872
 
 CON 
 
 any one is doomed to punishment ; the 
 
 act of condemning ; the stale of being 
 
 condemned. 
 
 There is Uierefore now no cotulcmnatim to llictn. 
 
 Itmmiis, viii. 
 
 Condemnatory, adj. [from conrfcmn. ] 
 Passing a sentence of condemnation, 
 or of censure. 
 
 He lliMt p;i*vcs tlic first condemnatory sentence, 
 is like the incendiary in a popular tumult, who is 
 chars;paWe with all'lliosc disorders to which he 
 gave rise. Govammcnt of the Tongue. 
 
 Conde'.mner. n. s. [from condemn.] A 
 blamer ; a censurer ; a censor. 
 
 Some few are the only refusers and condcmners 
 of this catholick praclice'-rui/ta-'s Worthy Commun. 
 
 Conde'nsarle. adj. [from condensate.] 
 That which is capable of condensation ; 
 that whicli can be drawn or compressed 
 into a narrower compass. 
 
 This agent meets with resislaiice in the move- 
 able ; and not being in the utmost extremity of 
 density, but coiirfcusuife yet further, every resist- 
 ance works something ujjon the mover to condense 
 it. ^'S^y ^^ '^'^ Soul. 
 
 To Conde'nsate. v.n. [condenso, Lat.] 
 To condense; to make thicker. 
 
 To Condensate, v. a. To grow thicker. 
 
 Conde'nsate. adj. [condcnsatus, Lat.] 
 Made thick ; condensed ; compressed 
 into less space. 
 
 Water by nature is wliite ; yea, thickened or 
 condeiisale, most white, as it appeareth by the hail 
 and snow. Pcacluim. 
 
 Condensation, n. s. [from conden- 
 sate.] The act of thickening any body, 
 or maldng it more gross and weighty : 
 opposite to rarefaction. 
 
 If by natural argunienls it may be proved, that 
 water, by condensatioji, may become earth ; the 
 same reason teacheth, that earth, rarefied, may 
 become water. Roleigh's Hktoiy. 
 
 By water-glasses the account was not regular ; 
 for, 'from attenuation and cotidenstition, thenours 
 were shorter in hot weather than in cold. 
 
 Broun s Vulvar Errours. 
 
 The supply of its moisture is by rains and snow, 
 and dews aild condensation of vapours, and per- 
 haps by subterraneous passases. Bentky. 
 
 To CONDENSE, v. a. \condenso, Lat.] 
 To make any body more thick, close, 
 and weighty ; to drive or attract the 
 parts of any bod}' nearer to each other ; 
 to inspissate : opposed to rarefy. 
 
 JMoving in so high a sphere, he must needs, as 
 the sun, raise many envious exhalations ; which, 
 condensed by a ])opuiar odium, were capable to 
 cloud the brighest merit. ^^ng Charles. 
 
 Some lead their youth aliroad, while some ccjn- 
 dense 
 Their liquid store, and some in cells dispense. 
 
 Vrydens Virgil. 
 
 Such dense and solid strata arrest tiie vapour 
 at the surface of the earth, and collect and condense 
 it there. IVoodward. 
 
 To Conde'nse. v. n. To grow close 
 and weight)' : to withdraw its parts 
 into a narrow compass. 
 
 The water falling from the upper parts of the 
 cave, does presently there conitcnse into little 
 stones. Boule's Scept. Chvnt. 
 
 All vapours, when they begin to condense and 
 coalesce into small parcels, become first of that 
 bigness whereby azure nnist be refiecied. before 
 they can constitute other colours. AVu-fou's Opticks. 
 
 Conde'nse. adj. [from the verb,] Thick ; 
 dense; condensated; close; massy; 
 weighty. 
 
 They colour, shape, and size 
 Aisume, as likes them Ijest, condense or Tme.Milt. 
 
 CON 
 
 They might be separated without coiisociating 
 into the huge condense bodies of planets. 
 
 Bcntley's S^rmons. 
 
 Conden'seR. m. *. [from condense.] A 
 stong metalline vessel, wherein to crowd 
 the air, by means of a syringe fastened 
 thereto. Qttinci/. 
 
 Conde'nsity. n. s. [from condense.] The 
 state of being condensed; condensation ; 
 denseness ; density. 
 
 Con'ders. n. s. [condiiire, Fr.] 
 
 Such as .stand upon high places near the sea 
 coast, at the time of herring fishing, to make sipis 
 to the fishers which way tile shole passelli, which 
 may belter appear to 'such as stand upon some 
 high clilf. bv a kind of blue colour that the fish 
 ca'useth in the water, than to th se in the ships, 
 Tliese be likewise called huers, by likelihood of 
 tlie Frcncli, huyer, exclamare, and balkers. 
 
 Coivell. 
 
 To CONDESCEND, v. n. [condescen- 
 dre, Fr. from condescendo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To depart from the privileges of supe- 
 riority by a voluntary submission ; to 
 sink willingly to equal terms with infe- 
 riours ; to sooth by familiarit}'. 
 
 This method carries a very humble and conde- 
 scending air, when he that instructs seems to be 
 tlie enquirer. _ " "}ts. 
 
 2. To consent to do more than mere justice 
 can require. 
 
 Spain's mighty monarch. 
 In gracious cleuicucy does condescend. 
 On these conditions, to become your friend. 
 
 Ih-ydeni Indian Kmpcror. 
 
 He did not primarily intend to appoint this 
 
 way ; but coiulescended 'to it, as accommodate to 
 
 the'ir present stale. Tillotson. 
 
 3. To stoop ; to bend ; to yield ; to sub- 
 mit ; to become subject. 
 
 Canthev think me so broken, so debas'd. 
 With corp'oral servitude, that my mind ever 
 Will condescend to such absurd commands ? Hilt. 
 
 Nor sliall my resolution 
 Disarm itself, nor condescend to parly 
 With foolish hopes. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 Condescendence, n. s. [condesciri- 
 dance. Fr.] N'oluntary submission to a 
 state of equality with inferiours. 
 Sondescen'dingly. adv. [(rom condrs- 
 ccndins^.] By way of volinitary humilia- 
 tion ; t)}' way of kind concession. 
 
 ^^'e condescendingly made Luther's works um- 
 pires iii the controversy. Atterbury. 
 Condesce'nsion. n. s. [from conde- 
 scend.] Voltmtary humiliation; de- 
 scent from superiority; voluntary sub- 
 mission to equality with inferiours. 
 
 It forbids pride, and ambition, and vain glory ; 
 and commands humility, and modesty, and con- 
 descension to others. ldlol.wn. 
 Courtesv and condescension is an happy <|iiality, 
 which never f.iils to make its way into the good 
 opinion, and into the very heart ; and allays tlie 
 envv which always attend's a higli station. 
 
 Atterbury's Sermons. 
 
 Raph.!el amidst his tenderness, shews such a 
 
 dignity and condescension in all his behaviour, as 
 
 ate suitable to a superior nature. AddLvm. 
 
 Condesce'nsive. adf. [from condes- 
 cend.] Cnurteous ; willing to treat with 
 inferiours on equal terms ; not haughty ; 
 not arrogant 
 
 CONDIGN, [adj. condigyius, Lat.] Wor- 
 thy of a person ; suitable ; deserved ; 
 merited : it is always used of something 
 deserved by crimes. j 
 
 CON 
 
 Unless it were a bloody niurtherer, 
 I never gave them condign punishment. 
 
 5A«/«"»7i. Henry VT. 
 
 Consider who is your friend, he that would 
 have brought him to condign punishment, or he 
 that has saved him. Arbxithnot. 
 
 CoNDrcNNESS. ti. s. [from condign.] 
 Suitableness ; agreeableness to deserts. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Condi'gnly, adv. [from condign.] De- 
 servedly ; according to merit. Diet. 
 
 Co'ndiment. n. s. [condiii,eiitum,Lat.] 
 Seasoning ; sauce ; that which excites 
 the ap])etite by a pungent taste. 
 
 As for r;>di6h and the like, they i.e for condi- 
 ments, and not (or nourisitiuent.iJuctfri'f Xat. Hist. 
 
 -Many thitigs are swallowed by animals rather 
 for condiment, gust, or mcdicameat, than anv sub- 
 stantial nutriment. Brown. 
 
 CoNDisci'pLE. n.s. [condiscipttlus.h&t.'] 
 
 A. selioolfellow. 
 To CO'NDITE. V. a. [condiv, Lat.] To 
 pickle ; to preserve by salts or aroma- 
 ticks. 
 
 jMuch after the same manner as the sugar doth, 
 ia the conditing of pears, quinces, and the like. 
 Crew's Museum. 
 The most innocent of them are but like con- 
 dited or pickled mushrooms, whicli, carefully cor- 
 rected, may be harmless, but can iie^er do good. 
 Taylors Rule of Living lioty. 
 
 Con'ditement. n. s. [from condite.] A 
 composition of conserves, powders, and 
 spices, in the form of an electuary.Dir<. 
 
 CONDITION, n. s. [condition, Fr. cin- 
 dilio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Quality ; that by which any thing is 
 denominated good or bad. 
 
 \ rage, whose heat hath this condition. 
 That nothing can allay, nothing but blood. 
 
 Shakcsp. King John. 
 
 2. Attribute; accident; property. 
 
 The king is but a mau ; the violet smells, the 
 element stiews, to him as to me : all Iii> senses 
 have but Imman conditions. •'^hakesp. 
 
 It seemed to us a comittion and property of Di- 
 vine Powers and Beings, to be hidden anil uuseea 
 to others. Bacon. 
 
 They will be able to conserve tlieir properties 
 
 unchanged in passing through several mediums ; 
 
 which is another condttion of tlic rays of light, .j 
 
 ?<cu-tons Optic^ris. 
 
 3. Natural quality of the mind; temper; 
 temperament ; complexioi>i 
 
 Tile child taketh most of his nature of the mo- 
 ther, Ix'sides speech, manners and inclination, 
 which are agreeable to the conditions of tlieir rao- 
 lliers. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 The best and soundest of his time hath been 
 but rash ; now must v.e look, from his age, to re- 
 ceive not alone the imperfections of long engraft- 
 ed condi^ons. but the unrulv wjiy wardness that in- 
 firm and cholerick years brnig with iheia. Shahesp. 
 
 4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. 
 
 .Tupiter is hot and moist, temperate, modest, 
 honest, adventurous, liberal, me.xifulj loving, and 
 and faithful ; that is, giving these inclinations : 
 and theivfore those ancient Kings, beautified with 
 these conditions, might be called'theieafter Jupiter. 
 "Ualeigh's History if the World. 
 
 Socrates espoused Xantippe only for her ex- 
 treme ill conditions, above all that sex. Svuth. 
 
 5. Stiite; external circiun.stances. 
 
 To us all. 
 That fed the bruises of the days before. 
 And suffer the ciTtuiilion of these times 
 To lay an heavy and unequal hand 
 Upon I. ur humours. Shakesp. HcnrylV, 
 
 It « as not agreeable unto the condition of Para- 
 dise, and state of innocence. Brou'n's I ulg. Err. 
 
 Estimate the greaUiess of tliis mercy by the 
 condition it finds the sinner in, when God vouch- 
 safes it to them. Souths Sermons. 
 
 373
 
 CON 
 
 T)id we perfectly know the state of our own 
 condition, and wJint was most proper fur us, we 
 jniglit have reason to conclude uur prayers not 
 heard, if not answered. Wahe^s rrefiaralion. 
 
 Tills is a principle adapted to every passion and 
 faculty of our nature, to every state and condition 
 of our life. _ Rogers. 
 
 Some dcspor.ding people take the kingdom to 
 be in no amdition of encouraging so nuuierous a 
 breed of begtjars. SuiJ't 
 
 Condition, circumstance, is not llie thing j 
 Bliss h the same in subject as in kJii]^. 
 
 Pope's hssay on Man. 
 
 6. Rank. 
 
 I am, in my condition, 
 A prince, Miranda. Shukesp. Tempest. 
 
 The king himself met with many entertain- 
 nients, at tiic charge of particular men, which had 
 been rarely practised till then by the persons of 
 the best condition. Clarendon. 
 
 7. Stipulation; terms of compact. 
 
 Condition ! 
 What condition can a treaty find 
 1' th' part that is at mercy? Shaksp. Coriolanus, 
 
 I yield upon conditions.^We give none 
 To traitors : strike him down.C Jo)ii<ons Catalijie. 
 He cuuld not defend it above ten days, and must 
 tlien submit to the W'Tst conditions the rebels were 
 like to grant to his person, and to his religion. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 liTanv are apt to bcllere remission of sins, but 
 
 they believe it without the condition of repentance. 
 
 Tai^lor. 
 Those barb'rous pirates willingly receive 
 Conditifnis, such as we are pleas 'd to give. Waller. 
 Make our conditions with yon captive king. — 
 Secure me but my solitary cell ; 
 'Tis all 1 ask him. Dri^dens Don Sehsstian. 
 
 0. The writing in which the terms of 
 agreement are comprised ; compact ; 
 bond. 
 
 Go with me to a notary, seal me there 
 Your simile bond ; and ni a merry sport, 
 If you repay me not on such a day, 
 In such a place, such sum or sums as are 
 Express'd in the condition, let the forfeit 
 Be nominated. Shakesp. Merchant of' Venice. 
 
 To Condi'tion. u. w. [from the noun,] 
 
 To make terms ; to stipulate. 
 
 It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, 
 tliat Saturn should put to death all his male chil- 
 dren, liulcigh's History. 
 
 Small towns, which stand stiff till great shot 
 Enforce them, by war's law condition not. Donne. 
 
 'Tis one thing, I must confess, to condition for a 
 good office, and another thing to do it eratis. 
 
 UEstrange. 
 
 Condi'tional. adj. [from condition .1^ 
 
 1 . By way of stipulation ; not absolute ; 
 made with limitations ; granted on par- 
 ticular terms. 
 
 For the use we have his express commandment, 
 for the effect his conditional promise ; so that, with- 
 out obedience to the one, there is of the other no 
 assurance. Hooker. 
 
 Many scriptures, though as to their forma! terms 
 they are absolute, yet as to their sense they are 
 conditional. South. 
 
 This strict necessity they simple call ; 
 Another sort there is conditional. Dryd. Fabks. 
 
 2. [hi grammar and logick,] Expressing 
 some condition or supposition. 
 
 Conditional, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 A limitation. A word not now in use. 
 
 He said, if he were sure that young man were 
 king Edward's son, he would never bear arms 
 against him. This case seems hard, both in re- 
 spect of the conditional, and in respect of the 
 other words. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Conditiona'lity. ?i. s. [from condi- 
 tional.'] The quality of being condi- 
 tional ; limitation by certain terms. 
 
 CON 
 
 Anii as this clear proposal of tlic prnniises may 
 inspirit our endeavours, so is i\\G condiiionauiy most 
 efficacious to necessitate and enga^ llicm. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Condi'tionaixy. adv. [from condi- 
 tional.] With certain limitations ; on 
 particular terms ; on certain stipulations. 
 
 I licro entail 
 Tlie crown to tliec, and to lliiuc heirs for ever; 
 ConditionaUv, that here thou take an oath 
 To cease tliis civil war. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 A false apprelicnsion understands that positive- 
 ly, which was but conditiimatly e\])rcs.sod. 
 
 Bnvms Vulgar Krrnurs. 
 
 We see large preferments tendered to him, but 
 conditinnaily, upon his doing wicked ollices: con- 
 science shall here, according to its office, interpose 
 and protest. Suuth, 
 
 CoNDl'TlONARY. adj. [from condilion.] 
 Stipulated. 
 
 Would God in mercy dispense with it as a con- 
 Hilioiiarii, yet we could not be happy without it, 
 as a natural qualification for heavcji. h'orris. 
 
 To Condi'tion ATE. r. a. [from condi- 
 tion.] To qualify ; to regulate. 
 
 Thai ivy ariseth but where it may he supported, 
 we cannot ascribe the sanje unto any science there- 
 in, wliich suspends and cmtilitionates its eruption. 
 Biouii's Vulvar Eirours. 
 
 Condi'tionate. adj. [from the verb.] 
 Established on certain terms or condi- 
 tions. 
 
 That which is mistaken to be particular and 
 absolute, duly understood, is general, hut condi- 
 tionate ; and belongs to none who shall not per- 
 form the condition. Hamvwnd. 
 Condi'tioned. adj. [from condition.] 
 Having qualities or properties good or 
 bad. 
 
 The dearest friend to me, the kindest man. 
 The best conditioii'd. Shahesp. Merchant of Veiiice. 
 
 To CONDO'LE. v. n. [condolco, Lat.] 
 To lament with tho.?e that are in misfor- 
 tune ; to express concern for the mise- 
 ries of others. It has u'ith before the 
 person for whose misfortune we profess 
 grief. It is opposed to congratulate. 
 
 Yo\ir friends would have cause to rejoice, rather 
 than condole with you. , Temple. 
 
 I congratulate with ihe beasts upon this honour 
 done to their king ; and must condole willi^ us poor 
 mortals, who are rendered incapable of pa\ing 
 our respects. Addiion. 
 
 To Condo'le. v. a. To bewail with ano- 
 ther. 
 
 I come not, Sampson, to cmirfi* thy chance. 
 As these perhaps ; yet wish it had not been. 
 Though for no friendly intent. Milt. AMonistes. 
 
 Why should our poet petition Isis for her safe 
 delivery, and afterwards condole her miscarriage ■ 
 
 Drijden 
 
 Condo'lement. n. s. [from condole.] 
 Grief; sorrow ; mourning. 
 
 To persevere 
 In obstinate comlolement, is a course 
 Of impious stubbornness, unmanly grief. 
 
 SluiKesj), llamkt. 
 
 Condo'lence. n. s. [conduhince, Fr.] 
 The expression of grief for the sorrows 
 of another; the civilities and messages 
 of friends upon any loss or imisfortime. 
 The reader will excuse this digression, due by 
 way of condolence to uiy worthy bretliren. Arlmth. 
 
 Condo'lee. n. s. [from condole.] One 
 tliat joins in lamentation for the misfor- 
 tunes of another. 
 
 Condonation, n. «. [condonatio, Lat.] 
 A pardoning; a forgiving. Diet. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONDU'CE. V. n. [conduco, Lat.] 
 To promote an end ; to contribute ; to 
 serve to some purpose ; followed by to. 
 
 The boring of holes in this kind of wood, and 
 then laying it abroad, seemeth to conduce to make 
 it shine. Bacon. 
 
 The njeans and preparations that may conduce 
 vnto the enterprize. Jiacon. 1-loly War. 
 
 Every man docs love or hate things, accord- 
 ing as he apprehends them to conduce to this end, 
 or to contradict it. TiUotson. 
 
 They may co)idiice to farther discoveries for com- 
 pleting the theory of light. Newton. 
 
 To Conduce, v. a. To conduct; to ac- 
 company ; in order to shew the way. 
 In this sense I have only found it in the 
 follow ina; passage. 
 
 He was sent to conduce hither the princess Hen- 
 rietta lUaria. Wotton . 
 
 CoNDUc'iBLE. adj. [conducibilis. Lat.] 
 Having the power of conducing ; having 
 a tendency to promote or forward ; with 
 
 to. 
 
 To both, the medium which is most propitious 
 and eonducible, is air. Bacons Nul. Hista^-y. 
 
 Those motions of generations iiud corruptions, 
 and of the conducibles thereunto, are wisely and 
 admirably ordered and conteniporatcd by the 
 rector ofall things. Hate. 
 
 None of ihese'magnetical experiments are suffi- 
 cient for a perpelual motion, though those kind 
 of qualities seem most conducihle unto it. 
 
 Williins's Maiheiiiaticut Magick. 
 
 Our Savicmr hath enjoined us a reasonable ser- 
 vice ; all his laws are in themselves eonducible to 
 the temporal interest of them that observe them. 
 
 Bentley. 
 CoNUu'ciBLENESS. n. s. [from eonduci- 
 ble.] The quality of contributing to any 
 end. Diet. 
 
 CoNDU'ciVE. adj. [from conduce.] That 
 which may contribute; having the 
 power of forwarding or promoting : 
 
 with to. 
 
 An action, however conducive to the good ol 
 our country, will be represented as [irejudicial to 
 it. Addisons Freeholder. 
 
 Those proportions of the good things ..f this 
 life, which are most consistent with thh interest 
 of the ioul, afe also most conducive to our present 
 felicity. Rogers. 
 
 CoNDu'ciVENESS. n. s. [from conducive. 1 
 The quality of conducing. 
 
 I mention some examples tif the conducireness oi 
 the smallness of a body's parts to its fluidity. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 CONDUCT, n. s. [conduit, Fr. con and 
 ductus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Management; economy. 
 
 Young nicn, in the conrfiiei and manage of ac- 
 tions, embrace more than they can hold, stir more 
 than they can quiet, and fly' to the end without 
 consideration of the means. Bacm. 
 
 How void of reason are our hopes and fears ! 
 What in the conduct of our life appears 
 So well design'd, so luckily begun, 
 But wlien we have our wish, we wish undone 
 
 Dryden 's Juvenal. 
 
 2. The act of leading troops; the duty of 
 a general. 
 
 Conduct of armies is a prince's art, Waller. 
 
 3. Convoy; escorte ; guard. 
 
 His majesty, 
 Tend'ring mv person's safety, hath appointed 
 This conduct' lo convey me tb the 'lower. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 I was ashamed to ask the king footijien and 
 
 horsemen, and conduct for safeguard against our 
 
 adversaries. 1 t^drai. 
 
 4. The act of convoying cr guardmg. 
 
 374
 
 CON 
 
 Some three or four of yoWt 
 Go, give liiiii courteous conduct to tliis place. 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 5. A warrant by which a convoy is ap- 
 pointed, or safety is assured. 
 
 6. Exact beliaviour; ren;ular hfe. 
 
 Tliougll all regard for reputation is not (juite 
 laid aside, it is so low, that very few lliinii virtue 
 and conduct of absolute necessity for preserving it. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 To Con Du'cT. v. a [conduire, Fr.] 
 
 1. To lead; to direct; to accompany, in 
 order to shew the way. 
 
 I sliail strait conduct you to a hill side, where 1 
 will point you out the riglil path. 
 
 Mitton on Education. 
 
 O tiiay tliy pow'r, propitious still to ine, 
 CmuJurt my steps to hud tlie fatal tree. 
 In this dee|) forest ! Dryden's Mneid. 
 
 2. To usher, and to attend in civihty. 
 
 Pray receive them nobly, and conduct tlicni 
 Into our presence. Slukc^f. Hcnr\i Will. 
 
 Ascanius bids them be couducttd in. 
 
 Vrydcns Alneid. 
 
 3. To manage ; as, to conduct an uffuir. 
 
 4. To head an army ; to lead and order 
 troops. 
 
 Conducti'tioi}.s. adj. [conduclltius, 
 Lat.] Hired; employed for wages. 
 
 The persons were neitlier titnUries nor jierpe- 
 tual curates, but intirely condactitious, and re- 
 movable at pleasure. Ayliff'e. 
 
 CoNDu'cTOK. n. s. [from conduct.] 
 
 1. A leader; one wlio slicws another the 
 way by accompanying him. 
 
 Shame of change, and fear of future 111 ; 
 And zeal, the blind conductor of the will. Dryden. 
 
 2. A chief; a general. 
 
 Who is conductor of his people ? — 
 As 'tis said, the bastard son of Glo'ster. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. A manager; a director. 
 
 If he did not entirely project the union and 
 regency, none will tieny iiim to have been the 
 chief conductor in both. AddUon. 
 
 4. An instrument to put np into the blad- 
 der ; to direct the knife in cutting for 
 the stone. Qiiinci/. 
 
 CoNDi/cTRESS. 71. s. [from coudtict.] A 
 
 woman that directs ; directress. 
 Co'nduit. 71. s. [condtdt, I'r.] 
 1. A canal of pipes for tiie conveyance of 
 waters • an aqueduct. 
 
 Water in conduit pipes can rise no hi^iher 
 Than the well head from whence it tirst doth 
 
 sprtmr. 
 
 This face of mine is hid 
 
 Vavies. 
 
 In sap consuming winter's drir.zled snow, 
 
 And all the conduits of my blood froze \i\i.Shakesp. 
 
 God is the fountain of hoitour ; and the conduit, 
 by which he conveys it to the sons of men, are 
 Tjrttious and g-.-nerous practices. South. 
 
 'Ibese organs are the nerves which arc the co/i- 
 (i(i((s to convey them from without to their audi- 
 ence in the brain. l^ockc. 
 
 W'hc nature likewise, they suppose 
 Has drawn Iw o conduits down our nose. Prior. 
 
 2. The pipe or cock at which water is 
 
 drawn. 
 
 1 charge and command, that the conduit run 
 nothing but claret wine. Sluikesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Conduplica'tion. 71. s. [rvTidiiplicatio, 
 Lat.] A doubling; a duplicate. 
 
 Cone. 71. s. [xHt'^ TS xmulSdv^i^ kCx^.©' iai 
 Aristotle.'] A solid body, of which the 
 base is a circle, and which ends in a 
 point. 
 
 Co'ney. See Cony. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONFA'BULATE. r-. n. [confahvlo, 
 Lat.] To talk easily or carelessly toge- 
 ther ; to chat ; to prattle. 
 
 CoNFABUL.\'TiON. w. s. [coiifa/iulatio, 
 Lat.] Easy conversation ; cheerful and 
 careless talk. 
 
 Confa'bulatory. adj. [from confahu- 
 lale.] Belonging to talk or prattle. 
 
 Confarkeation. ra. s. [cimfun-calio, 
 Lat. from/ar corn.] The solemnization 
 of marriage by eatins breatl together. 
 
 By Ihe ancient laws of Romulus, the wife was 
 by C(t;if(iri"Cfitie/t joined to the husband. 
 
 Ayliffc's Pur. 
 
 To CO'NFECT. V. a. [co7ifeclus, Lat.] 
 
 To make up into sweetmeats ; to pre 
 
 serve with sugar. It seems now cor 
 
 rupted into comjit. 
 
 Co'nfect. 71. s. [from the verb.] A 
 
 sweetmeat. 
 
 At supper eat a pijipin roasted, and sweetened 
 with sugar of roses and carraw ay connects. 
 
 Hurvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Confe'ction. n. s. [confcctio, Lat] 
 
 1. A preparation of fruit ; or juice of 
 fruit, with sugar; a sweetmeat. 
 
 Hast tliou not learn'd me to jireserve ? yea so, 
 That our great king himself doth woo me oft 
 VoT my confections^ Skakesp. CiunheVme. 
 
 TheV have in Turkey and the E.ist certain con- 
 fectious, which they call servets, which are like to 
 candied conserves, and are made of sugar and le- 
 mons. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 He saw him devour fish and flesh, swallow 
 wines and spices, confections and fruits of number- 
 less sweets and flavours. Addison. 
 
 2. An assemblage of different ingredients; 
 a composition ; a mixture. 
 
 Of best things then, what world shall yield 
 coiif'ection 
 To liken her ? Shakesp 
 
 There will be a new conjection of mould, which 
 perhaps will alter the seed. Bacons Nat. History. 
 
 Confe'ctionary.?!. s. [from covfectio7i.] 
 
 One whose trade is to make sweetmeats 
 
 Myself, 
 Who had the world as my coifectionarv. 
 The mouths, the tongues, the eyes, the hearts of 
 
 men 
 At duty, more than I could frame emi)loyments, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Conf'ectioner. 71. s. [from confection.] 
 
 One whose trade it is to make cqnfec- 
 
 tions or sweetmeats. 
 
 Nature's cotfcctioner, the bee. 
 Whose suckers are moist alchiniy, 
 The still of his refndng mold 
 Minting the garden into gold. Cleaveland. 
 
 Confectioners make much use of whites of eggs. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Confede'racy. 71. s. [confederation, 
 
 Fr. Ja'dus, Lat.] A league; a contract 
 
 by which several persons or bodies of 
 
 men engage to support each other ; 
 
 union; engagement; federal compact. 
 
 What confederacy have you with the traitors ? 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Judas sent them to Rome, to make a league of 
 amity and confederacy with them. 1. Mace. viii. 17. 
 
 Virgil has a whole coti/'erfcnici/ against him, and 
 I must endeavour to defend him. Dryden. 
 
 Tile friendships of the world are oft 
 Confederacies in vice, or leagues of pleasure. ^(/(fjs. 
 
 An avaricious man in (Uhce is in confederacy 
 with the whole clan of his district, or depend- 
 ance ; which, in modern terras of art, is calied 
 to live and let live. Suift. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONFEDERATE, v. a. [con/cderer, 
 Fr.] To join in a league ; to unite ; to 
 ally. 
 'J'hey were confederated with Charles's cnpmy. 
 
 KTwltes. 
 With these the Piercics them confederate. 
 And as three heads-conjoin in one intent. Daniel. 
 
 To Confe'derate. v. n. To league; to 
 unite in a league. 
 
 hy wi,rds men come to know one another's 
 niinds ; by those they covenant and confederate. 
 
 SontK 
 It is a confederating with him to whom the sacri- 
 fice is olfered. Alterbury. 
 
 Confe'derate. adj. [from the verb.] 
 United iii league. 
 
 For they have consulted together with one con- 
 sent : they are confederate against thee. 
 
 Psalm Ixx.xiii. 5. 
 All the swords 
 In Italy, and her cinfederate arms, 
 C'ould not have made this peace. Shak. Coriofanus. 
 While the mind of man lonkelh upon second 
 causes scattered, it may sometimes rest in them, 
 and go no farther ; but when it beholdeth the 
 chain of them confederate and linked together, it 
 nnist need lly to providence and deity. Bacon. 
 Oh race confederate into crimes, that prove 
 Triumphant o'er th' eluded rage of Jove ! 
 
 Po]ie's Statins. 
 In a confederate war, it ought to be considered 
 which party has the deepest share in the quarrel. 
 
 Su:ift. 
 
 Confe'derat' .??.'[from the verb.] One 
 who engages to support another ; an ally. 
 
 Sir Edmond Courtney, and the haughty pre- 
 late. 
 With many more cenfedcrates, are in arms. 
 
 Shakesp. Hichard III. 
 We still have fresh recruits "m store, 
 If our confederates can afford us more. 
 
 Dryden's £neid. 
 
 Confedera'tion. n. s. [confederation, 
 Fr.] League; compact of mutual sup- 
 port; alliance. 
 
 The three princes enter into some strict league 
 and confederation amongst themselves. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 Nor can those confederations or designs he du- 
 rable, when subjects make bankrupt of their al- 
 Iegi;ince. King Charles. 
 
 To CONFER. V. n. [confero, Lat. con- 
 ferer, Fr.] To discourse with another 
 upon a stated subject ; to ventilate any 
 question b)' oral discussion ; to coii\erse 
 solemnly; to talk gravely togetlier; to 
 compare sentiments. 
 
 Vou will hear us amfer of this, and by an au- 
 ricular assurance have your satisfaction. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Reading makes a full man, conference a ready 
 man, and writing an exact man ; an<l therefore, 
 if a man write little, he had need have a great 
 memory ; if he confer little, lie had need have a 
 present wit; and, if he read little, he had need 
 nave much cunning, to seem to know that he 
 dolh not. Baom. 
 
 When they had commanded them to go aside 
 out of tile council, tliey conferral among them- 
 selves. Acts, iv. 15. 
 
 He was thought to confer with the Lord Cole- 
 pcper upon the subject; but had some particular 
 thoughts, upon which he then confened with no- 
 body. C/*ire»i(ii>N. 
 
 The Christian princess in her tent confers 
 With iifty of your learn'd philosophers" ; 
 
 Whom" with" such eloquence she does persuade. 
 That tliey are captives to her reasons made. 
 
 Dryden's Tyrannic Li^ve. 
 
 375
 
 CON 
 
 To Confe'r. v. a. 
 
 1. To compare; to examine by compari- 
 son with other things of the same kind. 
 
 The words in the eiglith verse, conferred wiiti 
 the same words in the twentieth, nmlie it mani- 
 fcst. _ . Htilcigh. 
 
 If we confer these observations with olliers of 
 the lilie nature, we may find cause to rectify the 
 general opinion. Boiilc. 
 
 Pliny cnnferring his aulliors, and comparing 
 tJieir works to^eOier, found those that went be- 
 fore transcribcaby tliose tliat followed. Brnun. 
 
 2. To give; to bestow: with on before 
 him who receives the gift. 
 
 Rest to the limbs, and quiet I confer 
 On troubled minds. _ Waller. 
 
 The conferring this honour upon him would in- 
 crease the* credit he had. Clarendon. 
 
 Coronation to a king, confers no royal autlmrity 
 •upon him. ^ South. 
 
 There is not the least intimation in scripture of 
 tills privilege conferred upon the Roman churcb. 
 
 TilU^Uon. 
 
 Tliou conferrest the benefits, and he receives 
 lliem ; the "first products love, and the last iiigra- 
 tilude. Arbitlhnot Hist, of John Bidl. 
 
 3. To conti-ibute ; to conduce : with (o. 
 
 The closeness and compactness of the parts 
 resting toaetber, doth much confer to the strength 
 of the unfon. Glanviilc. 
 
 Co'Ni'ERENCEn. s. [con/e7-encr, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The act of conversing on serious sub- 
 jects ; formal discourse ; oral discussion 
 of any question. 
 
 ] shall grow skilful in country matters, if I 
 have often c<i«/ercnfc with your servant. iWnti/. 
 
 Sometime they deliver it, whom privately zeal 
 and piety raovc'th to he instructors of others by 
 conference ; sometJTue of them it is taught, whom 
 the church hath called to the public, either read- 
 ing thereof, or interpreting. Hooker. 
 
 What passion hangs these weights upon my 
 tongue ! 
 I cannot speak to her ; yet she urg'd conference. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 2. An appointed meeting for discussing 
 some point by personal debate. 
 
 3. Comparison; examination of different 
 things by comparison of each with other. 
 
 Onr diligence must search out all helps and fur- 
 therances, which scriptures, councils, laws, and 
 the mutual conference of all men's collections and 
 ofa5er^'ations, "may afford. Hooker. 
 
 The conference of these two places, containing 
 so e.'ccellent a piece of learning as this, expressed 
 bv so worthy a wit as Tully s was, must needs 
 bring on plea"sure to him that" maketh true account 
 of learniu". Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Confe'rrer.m.s. [from con/fc] 
 
 1 . He that converses. 
 
 2. He that bestows. 
 
 Ti> CONFESS. V. a. [confcsser, Fr.] 
 cottfiteor, confessum, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To acknowledge a crime ; to own a 
 
 failure. 
 
 Ho doth in some sort confess it. If it be 
 
 confessed, it is not redress.^d. 
 
 Shakesp. Herri/ II kfs of H mdsor. 
 
 Human faults with human grief conjess; 
 'Tis tliou art cliaug'd. -?'""•. 
 
 2. It has of before the thing confessed, 
 ■when it is usetl reciprocally. 
 
 Confes.'i thee freely of thy sin ; 
 For to deiiv each article w"ith oath. 
 Cannot ren'iove nor choke the strong conception. 
 Sliakesp. Vtlietlo. 
 
 3. To disclose the state of the conscience 
 to the priest, in order to repentance 
 and pardon. 
 
 CON 
 
 If our sin be only against God, yet to confess it 
 to his minister may be of good use. 
 
 Wakes Preparation for Death. 
 
 4. It is used with the reciprocal jironoun. 
 
 Our beautiful votary to k the ojipnrtuuity of 
 conj'essing herself to this celebrateil lather. 
 
 Addison's Spectator, 
 
 5. To hear the confession of a penitent, 
 as a priest. 
 
 C. To own ; to avow ; to profess ; not to 
 deny. 
 
 ^Vhosoeve^ therefore shall confess me before 
 men, liiin will I confess also before my Falher 
 which is in heaven; but whosoever shall deny 
 me before men, him will I also deny before my 
 Father which is in heaven. Matt. \. 32. 33. 
 
 7. To grant ; not to dispute. 
 
 If that the king 
 Have any way your good deserts forgot, 
 Which he confe-^eth to be manifold. 
 He bids you naiue your griefs. Shakcsp. 
 
 They may have" a clear view of good, gieat 
 and confessed good, without being concerned, if 
 they can make up their happiness without it. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 8. To shew ; to prove ; to attest. 
 
 Tall thriving trees confess'd the fruitful mold ; 
 The redd'ningapple ri[)"ens here to gold. 
 
 Pope's Ody^^eij. 
 
 9. It is used in a loose and unimportant 
 sense, by way of introduction, or as an 
 aiiirmative form of speech. 
 
 I must confers 1 was most pleased with a beau- 
 tiful prospect, that none of tJiem have mentioned. 
 Addison on Uultj. 
 
 To Confess, v. n. To make confession; 
 
 to disclose : to reveal ; as, he is gone to 
 
 the priest to confess. 
 
 Confe'ssedly. adv. [from confessed.] 
 
 Avowedly ; indisputably ; imdeniably. 
 
 Labour is confessedly a great part of the curse, 
 
 and therefore no" wonder if men tly from it. South. 
 
 Great geniuses, like great ministers, though 
 
 they are confessedly the first in the comuionwealtli 
 
 of letters, must be envied and caluiiniialed. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 Confe'ssion. ?i. s. [from confess.] 
 
 1. The acknowledgement of a crime ; the 
 discovery of one's own guilt. 
 
 Your eii.^aeing me first in this adventure of 
 the Moxa, "and desiring the story of it from me, 
 is like giving one the torture, and then asking his 
 confession, w liicli is hard usage. Touple. 
 
 2. The act of disburdening the conscience 
 
 to a prii St. 
 
 Jon will have little opportunity to practise 
 such a confession, and .should therefore supply the 
 want of it by a due performance of it to God. 
 
 Wake's Prcparationfor Death. 
 
 .3. Profession ; avowal. 
 
 Who, before Pontius Pilate, witnessed a good 
 
 confession? , . . '^ '{'P.- "'■ ^'■^■ 
 
 If tiiere be one amongst the fair st of Greece, 
 That loves his mistress more than in oui/issiiDi, 
 And dare avow her beauty and her worth 
 ill other arms than hers ; "to him this challenge. 
 
 Sludicsp. 
 
 4. A formulary in which the articles of 
 
 faith are comprised. 
 Confe'ssional. n.s. [Ft.] The seat or 
 box in which the confessor sits to hear 
 ihe declarations of his penitents. 
 
 In one of ihe churches I saw a pulpit and con- 
 fessional, very finely inlaid with lapis-Iazuli. 
 •' .' ' Addison on Italy. 
 
 Confe'ssionARY. n. s. [co7>fessionaire, 
 Fr.] The confession-chair or seat, where 
 the priest sits to bear confessions. Diet 
 
 CON 
 
 Confe'ssor. n. s. [confessair, Fr.] 
 
 1. One who makes profession of his faith 
 in the face of danger. He who dies for 
 religion, is a martyr ; he who sufiers 
 for it, is a confessor. 
 
 The doctrine in the thirty-nine articles is so 
 orlhodoxly settled, as cannot be questioned with- 
 out danger to our religion, which hath been sealed 
 with the blood of so many maityrs and ro;i/c«ers. 
 hacon's'Advice to itlliers. 
 
 Was not this an excellent conJesA^r at least, if 
 not a martyr, in this cause .' " Slillingjieet. 
 
 'i'he patience and fortitude of a martyr or con- 
 fessor lie concealed in the flourishing times ot 
 Christianity. Addison's Succtator. 
 
 It was the assurance of a resurrection tliat gave 
 patience to the confessor, and courage to the niar- 
 t\ r. liogtrs. 
 
 2. He that hears confessions, and prescribes 
 rules and measures of penitence. 
 
 See that Claudio 
 Be executed by nine to-morrow morning . 
 Bruig him his canfesstn', let him be prepar'd ; 
 For that's the utmost of his pilgrimage. Shakesp. 
 
 If you find any sin that lies heavy upon yon, 
 disburllien yourself of it into the bosom of your 
 confessor, w ho stands between God and you to 
 prsyforyoii. Taylor. 
 
 One inust be trusted ; and he thought her tit. 
 As passing prudent, and a parlous wit ; 
 To ihis sagacious conjessiir he went, 
 And told her. Dryden's Wtfeof Bath. 
 
 3. He who confesses his crimes. Diet. 
 
 Confe'st. flflj. [a poetical word for con- 
 fessed.] Open ; known ; aclmowledged ; 
 not concealed ; not disputed ; apparent. 
 
 But wherefore shoultl I seek. 
 Since the [lertidious author stands c-mjt^c ? 
 This villain has traduc'd me. iloa-e's Royal Com. 
 
 Confe'stly. adv. [irom conf est .] Undis- 
 putably ; evidently ; without doubt or 
 concealment. 
 
 They address to that principle which is cmfestlj) 
 predominant in our nature. Decay of Piety. 
 
 CoNFi'ciENT. adj. [conficiens, Lat.] That 
 causes or procures ; effecti\e. Diet. 
 
 Confidant, n. s. [confident, Fr.] A 
 person trusted with private affairs, com- 
 monly with affairs of love, 
 
 Alarlin composed bis billet-deux, and entrust- 
 ed it to his coii/idant. Arhuthnot and Pope. 
 
 To CONFIDE. V. n. [confido, Lat.] 
 To trust in ; to put trust in. 
 He alone won't betray, in whom none will con- 
 fide. Cougrcre. 
 
 Co'nfidence. n. s. [cotifidentia, Lat.] 
 1. Finn belief of another's integrity or 
 veracity ; reliance. 
 
 Society is built on trust, and trust upon confi- 
 dence of "one another's integrity. South. 
 •2. Trust in his own abilities or fortune ; 
 security; opposed to dejection or timi- 
 dity. 
 
 Alas, ray lord. 
 Your wisdom is corisum'd in confidence ■ 
 Ui. not go forth to-day. Shakesp. Julius Cirsar. 
 
 His tilues being rather prosperous thail cahn, 
 had raised his conlidcnce by success.Hoc. Hcn.\ II. 
 
 He had an anib'iiion and vanity, and a confidence 
 in himself, which sometimes hitoxic.ited, and 
 transported, and exposed him. Clarend.m. 
 
 3. Vitious boklness; false opinion ot his 
 own excellencies : opposed to modesty. 
 
 The fervent reprehenders of things eslahlislied 
 by public authority, are always confident and 
 bold-spirited men :" but their confidence, for the 
 most part, riseth from too much credit given to 
 tlieir own wits, fur which cause they are seldom 
 free from errors, Uooke; Dedtcatmk. 
 
 \ 37G
 
 C O N 
 
 4. Consciousness of innocence ; honest 
 boldness; firmness of inteffvity. 
 
 Beluved, if uur heart cjikIcihu us not, Ibcn iiavc 
 we CDiifnieiax towards God. 1 John, iii. 'il. 
 
 Be iiicicifiil uiUo tlieiu wliicli have not the con- 
 fidence of good works. 2 ia/.viii. Sti. 
 
 Just conjidaicet aiid active righteousness, 
 And honour. ililton's Par. Loit- 
 
 6. That which gives or causes confidence, 
 boldness, or security. 
 
 Co'nfident. adj. [?tom confide. '\ 
 
 1. Assured lieyond doubt. 
 
 He is so sure Iind conftiknt of liis particular elec- 
 tion, as to resolve he can never fall. 
 
 Ilnmni'Vitl oji Fundameittals. 
 
 I am confident, that very much may be done lo- 
 ■wards llie inij)rovenient of philosophy. Binilc. 
 
 2. Positive ; aflirmitive ; dogmatical : as, 
 a coiijident. talker. 
 
 3. Secure of success ; without fear of mis- 
 carriage. 
 
 Both valiant, as men despising death ; both 
 contittcnty as inrvonted to be overcome. SUlnfi/. 
 
 l)oufflaSiind die Hotspur, bodi together, 
 Aie coiyident against the world in anus. 
 
 Shukesp. Ucn. IV. 
 Be not confilent in a plain way. Kcr/. .\xxii. VI. 
 People forget how little they" know, when they 
 grow confident upon any preseiit state of things. 
 
 South. 
 
 4. Without suspicion ; trusting without 
 limits. 
 
 He, true knight, 
 No lesser of her honour confident, 
 Than I did truly find her, stakes this rinj. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 Rome, be as just and {rracious unto rae, 
 As I am confident and kind to thee. 
 
 Shakcsp. Tittts Andronlciw:. 
 
 5. Bold to a vice ; elated with false o])i- 
 nion of his own excellencies ; impudent. 
 
 Co'nfident. 71. s. [from confide.] One 
 trusted witli secrets. 
 
 If ever it comes to this, that a man can say of 
 liis confident, he would have deceived me, he has 
 said enough. South. 
 
 You love me for no other end, 
 Btit to become my co]ifide7it and friend ; 
 As such, 1 keep no secret from your sight. 
 
 nr^idcns .-iurengzehe. 
 
 Co'nfidently. adf. [from confident.'] 
 
 1. Without doubt; witliout fear of mis- 
 carriage. 
 
 We shall not be ever the less likely to meet 
 vrith success, if we do not e.\pect it too 'confid;nthi. 
 
 A'ttcuAirij. 
 
 2. With firm trust. 
 
 Tiie maid bcc.unesa youth ; no more delay 
 \ our vows, but look, and coufidcntlu pny.Dniden. 
 
 S. Without appearance of doubt ; without 
 suspecting any failure or deficiency ; 
 positively ; dogmatically. 
 
 Many men least of all know w hat thev them- 
 selves most confidentlq boast. Bi^ti Jonsi'U. 
 It is strange how the ancients took up experi- 
 ments upon credit, and yet tlid build great mat- 
 ters upon tliem : the obscrv:ition of some of the 
 tjest of them,<lelivered cnufidenttu. is, that a vessel 
 filled with ashes wWl receive tlie like quantity of 
 water as if it bad been empty ; tiiis is utterly un- 
 true." Bacon. 
 Evtry fool may believe, and pronounce confi- 
 denthj ; hut wise men will conclude firmly. South. 
 
 Co'nfidentness. n.s. [from cunfidtnt ] 
 Favourable opinion of one's own powers; 
 assurance. Diet. 
 
 Configura'tion. n. s. [configuration, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Tlic fonn of the various parts of any 
 thin;;, as they are adapted to each other. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CON 
 
 The di/Torcnt effects of fire and water, v.hicli 
 \\Q call boat and qoU\, result fruin t'le .so diU'cring 
 conjigtr-atlon ami agitation of tliei"" particles. 
 
 Olancille's Scepsis. 
 
 No otiier account can be given o(" ilic dliVerenl 
 animal secretions, than the diircreiit conjignraiion 
 ix\\(X action of liie solid \yAi\i>.Arhu'JxHoton Aitmcnts. 
 
 There is no plastick virl tie concerned in ihapin^ 
 them, hnx. \\w conjiguratio}].') of the particles where- 
 ol' tliey consist. Woodunrd. 
 
 2. l^he face of the horoscope, accovdini^ to 
 the aspects ottiie planets towards eadi 
 otJicr at any time. 
 
 To Confi'gure. v. a, [homji^t/ro^ Lat.] 
 'J'o di<!pose into any form, b}' adaptation, 
 Motlier earth brousht fortli iefrs, arms, and 
 otiier nienibersoi the budv, scattered and di>tinct. 
 at their full growth; wbi'cli coming togotlier, cc- 
 nieatiiig, and so cojijiguring tliemselvos into human 
 shajie, made lust^y incn. BciitleysStrmons. 
 
 CO'NFIXE, n.s. [confin is, Lat, !t had 
 formerly the accent on the last syllable.] 
 Co.Timon bonndarj' ; border ; edi^e. 
 
 Here in these confines slily have I lurk"d, 
 To watcii llic waining of mine enemies. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich.Ul. 
 You are old : 
 Nature in you stands on the very verge 
 Of her cnn'fitie. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 The coi'ifines of the river Niger, where tlie ne- 
 groes are, are well wntered. Bticon. 
 
 'Twas ebbing darkness, past tiie noon of nigiit, 
 And Ph sphor on the conjines of the light. 
 
 DrydeiiS Fahlcs. 
 
 Tiie idea of duration, equal to a revolution of 
 the sun, is applicable to duration, where no mo- 
 tion was ; as the idea of a foot, taken from bodies 
 here, to distances beyond the conf.nes of the M-orld, 
 whe^■e are no bodies. Locke. 
 
 Co'xFiNE. atij. [co?ifinis, Lat.] Dor- 
 derin.iT upon ; beginning where the 
 other ends ; having one common boun- 
 dary. 
 
 To Confi'ne. v. 71. To border upon ; to 
 touch on different territories, or regions : 
 it has wilh or on. 
 
 Half lost, I seek 
 \Vhat readiest path leads where your gloomy 
 
 bounds 
 Confine JcUh heav'n. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Vull in the mid.st of this created space, 
 Betwixt lieav'n, earth, and skies, there stands a 
 
 place 
 Coi^inir.g on all three. Drydcn. 
 
 To Confi'ne. r. a. [coTiJiner, Fr. co7i- 
 Jinis, Lat.] 
 
 1. To bound ; to limit: as, he conjines 
 his sid>]ect by a rigorous definition. 
 
 2. To shut up; to imprison ; to immure; 
 to restrain within certain limits. 
 
 Tii not over the ihresliold.- ■■■ 
 
 Fy, you conjine yourself most unreasonably : 
 
 come, yoii must go visit tlie good lady. 
 
 Shakesp. Corwlanus. 
 T had been 
 As broad and gen'ral n% the casing air ; 
 But now rmcUbbin'd, cribb'd, conjindf bound in. 
 
 Shake^^p. 
 
 3. To restrain ; to tie up to. 
 
 Children, permitted the freedom of both hands, 
 do olt times conjine unto the left, and are not witli- 
 out great <lifiiculty restrained from it. 
 
 Browns T*f(/g^. Err. 
 Make one inan*s fancies, or failings, conjiuing 
 laws to others, and convey them as such tc their 
 succeeders. Boiilc. 
 
 Where honour or where conscience does not 
 bind, 
 No oiher tie shall shackle me ; 
 Slave to myself I will not be ; 
 Nor shall my future actions be confined 
 
 By my own present mind. Couley. 
 
 C O x\ 
 
 If the gout continue, I cmfine noyieif wholly l" 
 l)ie milk diet. TemvU 
 
 ile is to confine himself to the compass of Tiura- 
 hers, and ilie slavery of rliiiue. Drtidin. 
 
 Confi'neless. adj. [from conjtnf.] 
 Houndless ; unlimited : unbounded ; 
 without end, 
 
 Esiecm him us a lamb, beins coinpar'd 
 With mv conjinelcss harms. S'lak. yfuc^eth. 
 
 Confi'nement. n.s, [from confine.] 
 Imprisonment ; incarceration ; restraint 
 ot^ liberty. 
 
 Our hidden f»»es 
 Now joyful from their long confinement rose. 
 
 Drvdens f'?r^7. 
 
 The mind hates restraint, and is apt tn fanry 
 
 itself under coiifintmcnt v. hen the sight is pent np. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 As to the ntmhers who are under restraint, 
 
 people do not seem so much surprised at the con- 
 Jinemcnt of some, as the liberty of others. Addison. 
 
 Confi'ner. n. s. [from conjine.] 
 
 1. A borderer ; one that lives upon con- 
 fines : one that inhabits the extreme 
 parts of a country. 
 
 The senate hath stirr'd up tlie confiners. 
 
 Si'.akesp. Cymheline. 
 Happv confiners vou of other lands, 
 That sinft your soiT. Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 2. A near neighbour. 
 
 Though gladness and grief be opposite in na- 
 ture, vet they are such ncJiihhours and confiners in 
 art, lluit the least touch of a pencil will translate a 
 cryin-i into a iaujjhinii face. 
 
 3. One which touclies upon two different 
 
 regions. 
 
 The participles or coTi^ners between plants and 
 living creatures are such as have no local motion j 
 sucli as oysters. Bacon. 
 
 Confi'nity. v. s. [conjinita-s, Lat.] 
 Nearness; neighbourhooil ; contisruity. 
 
 ^Dict. 
 To CONFi'RftL V. o. [confrmo, Lat.] 
 L To put past doubt by new evidence. 
 Tlie testimony of Clirist was conjimied in vvu. 
 
 ItVr*. i. 6. 
 So was his will 
 Pronounc'd among the gods, and by an oath, 
 \V!iieh shook heav'u's w hole circumference, rmi- 
 firm'd. Milton. 
 
 Whilst all the stars that round her bum. 
 And all the planets in their turn, 
 Co)ifirm the ii<Jin^s as tbrv roll. 
 And spread the truth from pole to pole. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. To settle ; to establish either persons 
 or things. 
 
 I comfirm thee in the high priesthood, and ap- 
 point thee ruler. t Muc. xi. .i7. 
 Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. \T. 
 
 3. To fix ; to radicate, 
 
 Fernelius never cured a coiifirmed pox withotsl 
 it. )t'isf»iiiri. 
 
 4. To complete ; to perfect. 
 
 Ho only liv'd but till he was a man ; 
 The which no sooner had his prowess om^rmV. 
 But like a man he died. Shakesp. Machith. 
 
 5. To strengthen by new solemnities or 
 
 ties. 
 
 That treaty, so prejudicial, ought to have been 
 remitted ratfier than cinifirmed. Sivijt. 
 
 G, To settle or strengthen in resolution, 
 or puqiose, or opinion. 
 
 Confirm'd then I resolve. 
 
 Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe- Mifton. 
 
 They in their state though firm, stood niorcr ii- 
 
 firmd. M u-m. 
 
 Believe and heconfinnd. lUiVton. 
 
 7. To admit to the full privileges oi^ a 
 
 Christian, by imposition of hands. 
 
 3C .377
 
 CON 
 
 Those which are thus confii'med, are thereby- 
 supposed to be fit fur adiuissiun to the sacrament. 
 
 Hammond's Fundam^ntah. 
 
 Coxfi'rmable. adj. [from coujtrm.] 
 That which is capable of incontestable 
 evidence. 
 
 It may receive a spurious mmate. as is confirm- 
 ahie by uiany examples. Browiis Vulg. Err. 
 
 Con FIRM a'tion, n. s. [from confirm.] 
 
 1. The act of establishing any thing or 
 person ; settlement ; establishment. 
 
 Embrace and luve this man.— 
 
 - ■ With brother's love I doit.— 
 
 - — And let heav'n 
 
 \\ itness how dear I liold this confinnation ! 
 
 Sltafcesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 2. Evidence by which any thing is ascer- 
 tained ) additional proof. 
 
 A false report hath 
 Honour'd with confirmation your great judgment. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Tlie sea-captains answered, that they would 
 pert'orm his command ; and in C')fiAraw(i(^u there- 
 of jironiised not to do any thing whicli beseemed 
 not valiant men. hnoUes's Hist. 
 
 3. Proof; con\dncing testimony. 
 Wanting frequent conjirmation in a matter so 
 
 confirmable, their affirmation carrieth but slow 
 persuasion. Brown. 
 
 The arguments brought by Christ for the con- 
 jirmation of Lis doctrine, were in themselves suffi- 
 cient. South. 
 
 4. An ecclesiastical rite, 
 
 ^Vhat is prepared for in catechising, is, in tlie 
 next place, penormed by conjirmation ; a most pro- 
 fitable usa^re of iJie church, transcribed from the 
 practice of the apostles, which consists in two 
 parts : the child's undertaking, in bis own name, 
 every part of the baptismal vow (having first ap- 
 proved himself to understand it) ; and to that pur- 
 pose, that he may more solemnly enter this obli- 
 gation, bringing some godfather with him, not 
 now (as in baptism) as his procurator to under- 
 take for him, but as a witness to testify his enter- 
 ing this obligation. Hammondon Fundamentals. 
 
 Confirma'tor. n. s. [from conjirmo, 
 Lat.] An attester ; he that puts a mat- 
 ter past doubt. 
 
 There wants herein the definitive c(yiiJirmatorf 
 and test of things uucertain, the sense of man. 
 
 Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Confi'rmatory, adj, [from conjirm.] 
 giving additional testimony ; establish- 
 ing with new force. 
 
 Confi'rmedness. fi.s, [fiorn conjirm^ 
 ed,] Confirmtd state ; radication. 
 
 If the difficulty arise from the conjirmedness of 
 habit, every resistance weakens the habit, abates 
 the difficulty. Decay o^' Piety. 
 
 Confi'k:.ier, ji. s. [from conjtrm.'] One 
 that confirms ; one that produces evi- 
 dence or strength ; an attester ; an es- 
 tablisher. 
 
 Be these sad sighs confirmers of thy words ? 
 Then speak again. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 The oath of a lover is no stronger than the ^^ord 
 of a tapster : tliey are both the confirmers of false 
 reckonings. Shakesp. 
 
 CoNFi'sc.4BLE. fidj. [from confiscate.] 
 Liable to forfeiture, 
 
 7b CONFISCATE, r. a. {confiscare, 
 coTtjisqitcr, i. e. in pnblictim add'ictre : 
 fromjiscus, which originally signitieth 
 a hamper, pannier, basket, orfieil ; but 
 Dietonymically the en>peror*5 treasure, 
 because it was anciently kept in such 
 hampers. Coict/L] To transfer private 
 property to the prince or publick, by 
 way of penalty for an offence. 
 
 CON 
 
 It was judged that lie should be banished, and 
 nis whule estate amjiscated and seized, and his 
 houses pulled down. Bacim. 
 
 ^VIlateve^ fish the vulgar fry excel. 
 Belong to Cajsar, wheresoe'er they swim, 
 By their own worth confiscated to him. 
 
 Drydcn's Jurenal. 
 
 CoNFl'scATE. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 Transferred to the public as forfeit. The 
 
 accent in Shakeipeare is on the first 
 
 syllable. 
 
 Tliy lands and goods 
 Are, by the laws oV Venice, contiscate 
 Unto the state of \^enice. i'tiit. Mcrch. of Venice. 
 
 Confiscation, n.s. [from conjiscate.] 
 The act of transferring the forfeited 
 goods of criminals to publick use. 
 
 It was in every raan's eve, what great forfei 
 tures and cinijiscutioiis he had at that present to 
 help iiiuiseif. Bacon s Hen. VII. 
 
 Co'nfitent. n.s. [conjifcns, LmI.] One 
 confessing ; one who confesses his faults. 
 
 A wide diderence there is between a raeer con- 
 Jitent and a true penitent. Decaij of Piety. 
 
 Confiture, n. s. [Fr. from confectu- 
 ra, l.at.] A sweetmeat ; a confection ; 
 a comfit. 
 
 It is certain, that there be some houses wherein 
 confitures and pies will gather mould more than in 
 others. Bacon. 
 
 We contain a conjitnre house, where we make all 
 sweetmeats, dry and moist, and divers pleasant 
 A'ines. Bacon. 
 
 To CoNFi'x. V. a. [coiijt^o, confixum, 
 Lat.] To fi.x down ; to fasten. 
 
 As this is tnie. 
 Let me in safety raise me from my knees ; 
 Or else for ever be confired here, 
 A marble monument ! Shak. Measure for Measure. 
 
 Confla'grant. adj. [conjia grans, hat.] 
 Burning together ; involved in a general 
 fire. 
 
 Then raise 
 From the confiagrant mass, purg'd and refin'd. 
 New heav'ns, new earth. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Conflagra'tion. n. s. [conflagratio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. A general fire spreading over a large 
 space. 
 
 The opinion deriveth the complexion from the 
 
 deviation of the sun, and the conflagration of all 
 
 thines under Plneton. Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Next o'er the plains, where ripen'd harvests 
 
 grow. 
 
 The running conflagration spreads below. 
 
 Addison s Ovid. 
 Mankind hath had a gradual increase, not- 
 ^^ilhstanding what floods and awj/?flgra£iiKis, and 
 .he religious profession of celibacy, may have in- 
 lerruptccl. Benlleus Sermims. 
 
 •2. It is generally t;iken for the fire which 
 shall consume this world at the consum- 
 mation of things. 
 Confla'tion. n.s. [ronjlalum, Lat.1 
 
 1 . The act of blowing many instruments 
 together. 
 
 The sweetest harmony is, when every part or 
 instrument is not heard by itself, but a con/cation 
 of them all. Bacon. 
 
 2. A casting or melting of metal. 
 
 Con flexure, n. s. [conflcxura, Lat.] 
 A bending or turning. 
 
 To CONFLICT. V. n. [configo, Lat.] 
 To strive; to contest; to fight; to strug- 
 gle ; to contend ; to encounter ; to en- 
 gage : properly by striking against one 
 another. 
 
 CON 
 
 Bare unhoused trunks. 
 To the CDnfticlin^ elements cipos'd. 
 Answer mter nature. Shakesp. Tinum, 
 
 You shall hear under the earth a horriWe thun- 
 dering of fire and watercen/itcting together. 
 
 RiCDn's iVat. Hist. 
 A man would be content to strive with him- 
 self, and conflict with great ditEculties, in hopes of 
 a mighty reward. Tillolson. 
 
 Lash'd into foam, the fierce conjiictin^ brine 
 Seems o'er a thousand raging waves to burn. 
 
 Tliomson, 
 
 Co'nflict. n.s. [conflictus, Lat.] 
 
 1. .A violent collisionj or opposition of two 
 substances. 
 
 Pour dephlegmed spirit of vinegar upon salt of 
 tartar, and there will be such a conyyict or ebullition, 
 as if there were scarce two more contrary bodies 
 in nature. Bovie. 
 
 2. A combat ; a fight between two. It is 
 seldom used of a general battle. 
 
 The luckless conjiict witli the giant stout, 
 \Vherein captiv'd, of life or death he stood in 
 doubt. Spenser 
 
 It is my Ether's face, 
 \Vhom in this conflict 1 unawares have kill'd. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 3. Contest ; strife ; contention. 
 
 There is a kind of merry war betwixt signior 
 Benedick and her ; they never meet but there's a 
 skirmish of wit between tliem. — Alas ! he sets 
 nothing by that. In our last conflict, four of his 
 five wits went halting olf. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Struggle ; agony ; pang. 
 
 No assurance touching victories can make pre- 
 sent conjiicts so sweet and easy, but nature will 
 shrink from them. Hooker. 
 
 If he attempt this great change, with what la- 
 bour and conjtict must he accomplish it ! Rogers. 
 
 He perceiv'd 
 Th' unequal con/.ict then, as angels look 
 On dying saints. Thomstvis Summer. 
 
 Co'nfluence. n. s. {conjluo, Lat.] 
 1 . The junction or imion of several streams. 
 
 Nimrod, who usurped dominion over the rest, 
 sat down in the very confluence of all those rivers 
 which watered Paradise. 
 
 Raleigh's Histoiyo; (de T\'orld. 
 
 Bagdet is beneath the conftiieitce of Tigris and 
 Euphrates. Brereuiood on Langiiages. 
 
 In the veins, innumerable little rivulets have 
 their conjluenee into the great vein, the common 
 channel of the blood. Bentley. 
 
 •2. The act of crowding to a place. 
 
 You see this canjluence, this great flood of visi- 
 tors. Shakesp. 
 
 Some come to make merry, because of the f m- 
 fluence of all sorts. .^"V^,; 
 
 You had found by experience the trouble of all 
 men's coitpuence, and for all matters to yourself. 
 Bacon to nUiers. 
 
 3. A concourse ; a multitude crowded 
 into one place. 
 
 This will draw a con_^KOice of people from all 
 parts of the country. Temple. 
 
 4. Collection ; concurrence. 
 
 We may there be instructed how to rate all 
 goods by those that will concentre into the felicity 
 we shall possess, wliich shall be made up of tlie 
 coni.uence perfection, and perpetuity of all true 
 joys. ■ Bovfc. 
 
 CONFLUENT, [conjluens, Lat.] Run- 
 ning one into another ; meeting. 
 
 At length, to make their various currents one. 
 The congregated lioods together run : 
 These coniluent streams make some great river's 
 
 head. 
 By stores still melting and descending fed. 
 
 ■' Blackmort. 
 
 37»
 
 CON 
 
 Co NFLlx. n. s. [confluxio, Lat ] 
 
 1. The union of several currents ; con- 
 course. 
 
 Knots, bv the ct^ux of meeting sap. 
 Infect the sooiiS pine and dirert liis ^rain. ^.ak. 
 
 2. Crowd ; multitude collected. 
 He qukkij*, bv the general ftfn/tiix and con- 
 
 coone of the whole pe»ple, streighleixid his quar- 
 ters. Claraidon. 
 
 To the sates cast ronnd thine eve, and see 
 "^Vhit Cfmjiux issuing forth, or eat*'ring in. Mi'tm. 
 Coxfo'r.m. at/J. [ron/oruiis, Lat.] As- 
 suming the same fuim ; wearing the 
 same form ; resembling. 
 
 Variety of tones doth dispose the spirits to va- 
 riety of passions cmf'orm unto them. 
 
 Bact>n's Xat. Htrf. 
 
 To CONFOHM. r. a. [conformo. Lat.] 
 
 To reduce to the like appearance, shape, 
 
 or manner, with something else : with 
 
 to. 
 
 Tlien fo!!owed that mast natcral effect of om- 
 formiirg one's self (ij that which she did like. 
 
 Sidaiv. 
 
 The apostles did nm/vrm the Christians, as much 
 
 as might be, according to tile pattern of the Jews. 
 
 HiKker. 
 
 Deinand of them wherefore they confirm not 
 
 themselves unto tlie order of the church ? HocArr. 
 
 To Conform, r. n. To comply with ; 
 to yield : with to. 
 
 .Among mankind so few there are, 
 TVho n ill c iijk^rm u> pliilusopbick fare. Dnid. Jur. 
 
 Conformable, at/j. [from ccnjorm.] 
 
 1. Having the same form ; using the same 
 manrers ; aojeeing either in exterior or 
 moral characters ; similar ; res«"abling. 
 
 The Gentiles were not made amt'crmahle unto 
 the Jews, in that whi*jh was to cease at the c^-m- 
 ing of Christ. Hvizer. 
 
 2. It has commonly to before that with 
 which there is agreement. 
 
 He gives a reason oynfffrntable to the principle*. 
 
 Afbuthnci. 
 
 3. Sometimes xcith, not improperly ; but 
 to is used wi.h the verb. 
 
 The fragments of Sappho give ns a taste of her 
 way of writing. [H>rfecily ojit/crmaifc with that 
 character we find uf her. 'Addisim'i Sf^ctator. 
 
 4. Agreeable: suitable; not opposite; con- 
 sistent. 
 
 Xalore is verv consonant and amformable to her- 
 Klf- " Xnctm. 
 
 Tlie productions of a great genius, with mznv 
 lapses, are preferable to "the works of an iaferiJr 
 author, scrufjulously exact, and cmf'jrmabU to all 
 the rales of correct "writiiis. Addison. 
 
 5. Compliant ; ready to follow direclions ; 
 submissive ; peaceable ; obsequious. 
 
 Fve been to you a true and hnmble wife. 
 At all time to your will cm^'ormabie. 
 
 Siakeso. Hemni VTII. 
 
 For all the kingdoms of the earth to y ielfl the.-n- 
 selves willinglv COTiftirraaife, in wliat'ever should 
 be required, it" was their duly. Hooker. 
 
 Such deJosions are refonned by a cn^ormabU 
 devotion, and the well-tempered "zeal of the true 
 Christian spiriL Spmtt. 
 
 Co>"FORM.\BLY. adr. [from conform- 
 able.] With conformiU" ; agreeably ; 
 suitably : it has to. 
 
 So a man observe the agreement of his own 
 imaginations, and talk amjirmabig, it is all cer- 
 tainly. Lxke. 
 
 I have treated of the sei amfonublii to this de- 
 finition. ■ Add'OLm. 
 
 Coxforma'tion. n. s. [Fr. con/orma- 
 
 tio, Lat.] 
 1. The form of things, as relating to each 
 
 other ; the particular texture and con- 
 
 CON 
 
 sistence of the parts of a body, and their 
 disposition to make a whole: as li^ht 
 of different colours is reflecled from 
 bodies, according to their diffirent con- 
 formation. 
 
 Van ties are found in tlie different itatural shapes 
 of the mouth, and s«^'erBl comformat'ymt of the 
 orsans. Holder. 
 
 AVhere there happens to be such a structure and 
 ecniirm>itVH of the earth, as that the fire niav pass 
 freely into these spiracles, it then readify gets 
 oat. Woodtcard't Sot'. Bat. 
 
 "2. The act of producing suitableness, or 
 conformity, to any thing : with to. 
 Virtue and vice, sin and holiness, and the eon- 
 foTBuitum of our hearts ai;d lives to the duties of 
 true religion and morality, are things of more con- 
 sequence than the funiilure of understanding. 
 
 Traits. 
 Confo'rmist. n. *. [from eonfnrm.l 
 One that complies with the worship of 
 the church of England ; not a dissen- 
 ter. 
 
 They were not both nonconformists, neither 
 hyth ci'rt'wnais. DmmUm. 
 
 Conformity, n. ». [from conform.] 
 
 1. Similitude; resemblance; the state of 
 hanug the same character of manners or 
 form. 
 
 By the knowledge of tmth, and exercise of vir- 
 tue.'man, amongst the creatures of this wurlii. as- 
 pireth to the greatest o^nt'ormitv with God.Hixker. 
 
 Judge nut what is best 
 By pleasure, thoug& to nature seeming meet ; 
 Crt- ated as thou art to nobler enti. 
 Holy and pure, ctmformitv divine ! yiih.Par.Lcst. 
 
 Space and duration have a great comtormhv in 
 this, that they are jtistly reckoned amon^t our 
 simple ideas. " Lack. 
 
 Tliis metaphor would not have been so seneral, 
 had there not been a eonjormitii between ti»e men- 
 tal taste and the sensitive taste. 
 
 Addhon's Spectator. 
 
 2. It has in some authors irif A before ihe 
 model to which the conformity is made. 
 
 The end of all religion is bnt to draw us to a 
 omformitv with God." Decay of Piety. 
 
 3. In some to. 
 
 We cannot be otherwise happy but bv our con- 
 
 '. ::. building to other civil nations, 
 
 b:^' '. us to let our old wooden dark 
 
 houses Uji to decay. Graunt. 
 
 4. Consistency. 
 
 Mauv instances prove the couftrwuty of the es- 
 say int^ the notions of Hippocrates. 
 
 Arbwhnot on Alimcmts. 
 
 Confort.\'tion. n. s. [from conforto, 
 a low Latin worci] Collation of strength; 
 corroboration. 
 
 For corr boration and confortatim, take such 
 bodies as are of astringent qimlitv, without mani- 
 fest cold. Bacon's Sot. Hit. 
 
 To CONFCnJND. v. a. [coafondre, Vt. 
 confundr, Lat.] 
 
 1. To mingle things so that their several 
 forms or natures cannot be discerned. 
 
 Let us go down, and there confound their lan- 
 guage, that they may not understand one ano- 
 ther's speech. ' Gen. li. 7. 
 
 Two planets rushing from aspect malign. 
 Of fi-rrcst opposition, in mid sky 
 Should combat, and their jarring spheres amfmind. 
 
 Sldton. 
 
 2. To perplex ; to compare or mention 
 without due distinction. 
 
 .\ fiuid body and a wetting liquor are wont, 
 because they agree in many things, to be cvn- 
 foaaded. BovU. 
 
 They who strip not ideas from the marks men 
 use for them, but coi^'ound them with words, must 
 ha-j endless dispute. Lxkc. ■ 
 
 CON 
 
 3. To disturb the apprehension by indis- 
 tinct words or notions. 
 
 I am yet to thi' '. '''-■• -*. f-^d tbeir si.iipie 
 ideas agree, th they crMonnd 
 
 one another witr. " ty<cke. 
 
 4. To throw into coiisitmaiion : to per- 
 plex ; to terrify ; to amaze ; to astunLsli ; 
 to stupify. 
 
 So spake tie Son of God ; and Satan stood 
 A while as note, tmfanmdei what to sav, 
 
 yUU.'Pmr.Seg. 
 Now with fiiries smonnded, 
 DespairiiK. comfommied. 
 He Itemblea, he eknrs. 
 Amidst Rhodope s snows. Pope's St. Cceitu. 
 
 5. To destroy ; to overthrow. 
 The swee'es: boiiey 
 
 Is latltsome in its own d'L*r*cioasaess, 
 
 And in the taste cvrntoumdj the ar'petite. ailny. 
 
 The gods amfoumii thee '. dost thou boM Ihcte 
 
 still • Skaiap. 
 
 Let tbeiD be eonfoiMaJed in all tbeir power and 
 
 might, and let their strength be biuken. 
 
 Vamid, xxi. 
 So deep a malice to confotad the race 
 Of mankind iu one rout. Uittem. 
 
 Confounded, porticip. adj. [from con- 
 found.] Hateful ; detestable ; enor- 
 mous ; odious : a low cant word. 
 
 .-V most confounded leascn for bis bmtish cofice|>. 
 tion. Cnrt-. 
 
 Sir, I have heard another story : 
 He was a most eanfouuded T-jry '; 
 Aixd grew, or he is mncb belied, 
 Eitremely dull bel'cn he died. Stift. 
 
 Confoundedly, adr. [from confoun- 
 ded.] Hatefully ; shamefully : a low 
 or ludicrous word. 
 
 ^ no are contonndcJia given to squirting up and 
 
 down, and cliatteria^. L.' Estrange. 
 
 Thy sf^;cula ions begin to uaelleimfammiUdiw of 
 
 woods and meadows. ~ Addim'$ Sftetitcr. 
 
 CoNFo'UNDER. n. s. [from confound.] 
 He who disturbs, perplexes, terrifies, or 
 destroys. 
 
 Co.vfr.\te'rnity. n. s. [frt>m r ott and 
 fraternilas, Lat.] A brotherhood ; a 
 body of men imited for some religious 
 purpose. 
 
 We find days appointed to be kept, and a con- 
 fratemitii establislied lot that purpose, with the 
 laws of it. Seillingnett. 
 
 Confrica'tion. n. s. [from con and 
 frico. Lat.] The act of rubbing against 
 anv thing. 
 
 It hath been reported, that ivy hath grown out 
 of a stag's bom ; which thev suppose did rather 
 come Rum a nnrfriratm ottie bora upon the ivx. 
 than from the libni itself. £«vii. 
 
 To CONFRO"NT. r. a. [eonfronfer,Tr.] 
 
 1 . To stand against another in full view ; 
 to face. 
 
 He 5[><>ke, and then confronts the bull ; 
 .\nd on his ample foreheatl, aimingfull. 
 The deadly strike descended. Vniden's Vtr^. 
 
 2. To Stand face to fece, in opposition to 
 another. 
 
 The Ejst aiid West churches did both <\'-'V.— .t 
 the Jews, and concur with them. H\^.tT. 
 
 Blood hath bought blood, and blows have ao- 
 swer'd blows. 
 Strength match'd with strength, and rower cm- 
 fromtei power. Skakesf. King Joks. 
 
 Bdkwa's bridegroom, lapt in pnxH, 
 Confronted him with self Gompansoos, 
 Pomt against point icbellioas, aim 'sainst arm. 
 
 Shok. .V^-iw-.. 
 
 3. To oppose one evidence to another in 
 open court. 
 
 379
 
 CON 
 
 Wc began to hy his unkindness unto him : he 
 sepiug himself coH^roiitetf bv so nuiny, went not lu 
 denial, l)ut toju!<tifv hiscniel falsehood. Sidueif. 
 
 4. To compare one thini^ ^vith another. 
 
 When I cim/'nmf a medal with a verse, I onlv 
 shew you tlie same design cxecuteil hy dilVerent 
 hands* Ad'UsiUi 'on Medals. 
 
 C<iM-RONTA'TION. 71, s, [I'V.] The act 
 of bringing^ two evidences face to face. 
 
 To CONt-U'SE. V. a. [coiifusus, Lat.] 
 
 1. 'i o disorder ; to disperse irregularly. 
 
 Thus roving on 
 In coiifus'd HKirch forlorn, the advem'rous bands 
 View d first their laiucntabie lot, and found 
 No res^t. Milton. 
 
 2. To mix, not separate. 
 
 At length an universal hubbub wild. 
 Of stunning sounds and voices all conJus\i, 
 Borne iliruui;h the hollow dark, assaults hia ear. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 5, To perplex, not distinguish ; to ob- 
 scure. 
 
 \\ e may have a clear and distinct idea of tlie 
 
 existence of many things, though our ideas of 
 
 their intimate essences ana causes are very con/ »5'rf 
 
 and (ibscure. Watts s Logic. 
 
 4. To hurry the mind. 
 
 Confiis'd and sadly she at length replies. 
 
 Popes Statiiis. 
 CoNFi/sEDLY. adv, [from confused^ 
 \. In a nii:;ed mass ; without separation. 
 These four nations are every where mixed in 
 the Scriptures, because they dwelt confusedly to- 
 gether. Ratcigh''s [Ii.stort}. 
 
 2. Indistinctly; one mingled with another. 
 
 The inner court with horror, noise, and tears 
 Conjiis'dly fill'd ; the women's shrieks and cries 
 The arched vaults re-echo. Dcnhatn. 
 
 On mount Vesuvius next he fix'd his eyes. 
 And saw the smoaking tops confus'dly rise ; 
 A hideous ruin ! Addison on Italy. 
 
 1 viewed througli a prism, and saw them most 
 confusediif defined, so that I could not distinguish 
 their smaller parts from one another. 
 
 Neivtons Opticks. 
 
 Heroes and lieroines shouts confusedly rise. 
 And base and treble voices strike the skies. Pope. 
 
 3. Not clearly ; not plainly. 
 
 He confusedly and obscurely delivered his opi- 
 nion. Clarendon. 
 
 4. Tumultiiously: hastily; not deliberate- 
 ly ; not exactly. 
 
 The propriety of thoughts and words, wliich 
 are liiehidaen beauties of a play, are but confused- 
 ly jxi<\ge6 in the vehemence of action. D)yd. 
 CONFV'SEDNESS. W. S, [from C07jfuS€d.\ 
 
 Want of distinctness ; want of clearness. 
 
 Hither unto these titles of iionour carry a kind 
 oi confused ness, and rather betokened a successive 
 oihce than an established dignity. 
 
 Carew's Survey of Cornwall. 
 
 The cause of the confusedness oi our notions, 
 
 next to the natural inability, is want of attention. 
 
 Nonis. 
 
 CoNFi/siON. n. s. [from confuse,] 
 
 1. Irregular mixture; tumultuous med- 
 ley. 
 
 God, only wise, to punish pride of wit, 
 Among men's wits hath this confusion wrought ; 
 
 As tlie proud tow'r, whose points the clouds 
 did hit. 
 By tongues confusion was to ruin brought. Davies. 
 
 2. Tumult ; disorder. 
 
 God is not a God of sedition and confusion, but 
 of order and of peace. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 This h a happier and more comely time, 
 Than when these fellows ran about the streets 
 Crying co?i/itsioH. Shahesp. CorioUnus. 
 
 3. Indistinct combination. 
 
 The confusion of two different ideas, which a 
 customary connexion of them in their minds hath 
 made to them almost one, fills their heads w ith 
 false views, and their reasonings with false con- 
 sequences. Locke. 
 
 CON 
 
 4. Overthrow ; desti-uction. 
 
 'i'l.r streiit;lli o/ tlieir iliusiun, 
 Shall diaw h in in to his conjun^^n. Shakc^. DIac. 
 
 5. Astonishment; distraction of mind; 
 hurry of ideas. 
 
 Coiifusioii dwelt in evVy face, 
 And fear in ev'ry heart, 
 
 WJien waves on waves, and gulphs in gulphs, 
 O'crcarae tlic pilot's art. S/iteluMr. 
 
 Confu'table. adj. [from confute] Pos- 
 sible to be disproved ; possible to be 
 shewn false. 
 
 At tlie last day, that inquisitor shall not present 
 to God a bundle of calumnies, or ctvifiitable ac- 
 cusations ; but will ofler unto his omniscience a 
 true list of our transgressions. Brown. 
 
 Confuta'tion. n. s. [c onf iil a tio, Lat.] 
 The act of confuting ; disproof. 
 
 A confutation of atheism from the frame of the 
 worlil. Bentltu- 
 
 To CONFUTE, v. a. [confuto, Lat.] To 
 convict of errour or falsehood ; to dis- 
 prove. 
 
 He could on either side dispute ; 
 Confute, change hands, and still confute. Hudibras. 
 
 ^OT a man to doubt whetlter there be any hell, 
 and thereupon to live as if there were none, but, 
 when he dies, to find himselfc(i7i/u(eti in the flames, 
 must be the height of woe. South. 
 
 CO'NGE. n. s. [conge, Fr.] 
 
 1. Act of reverence ; bow; courtesy. 
 
 The captain salutes you with conge profound. 
 And your ladyship curt''sies halfway to the ground. 
 
 '' Suft. 
 
 2. Leave ; farewell. 
 
 So courteous cong6 both did give and take, 
 With right hands plighted, pledges of good-will. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Co'nge. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 take leave, 
 
 I have cmgeed with the duke, and done ray 
 adieu with his nearest. 
 
 Shakesp. .ilVs u'ell that ends well. 
 
 CO'NGED'ELIRE is French; and sig- 
 nifies, in common law, the king's per- 
 mission royal to a dean and chapter, in 
 time of vacation, to chuse a bishop. 
 The king, as sovereign patron of all 
 archbishnpricks, bishopricks, and other 
 ecclesiastical benefices, had in ancient 
 times the free appointrnent of all eccle- 
 siastical dignities ; investing them first 
 per baculiun iS" annuJum, and afterwards 
 by his letters patent. In process of 
 time he made the election over to others, 
 under certain foniis and conditions ; as, 
 that they should, at every vacation, 
 before they chuse, demand of the king 
 a conge rl'elbe, that is, licence to pro- 
 ceed to election. Couull. 
 A woman, when she Las made her own choice, 
 for form's sake, sendsacoii^e d\'ltre to her friends. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 Co'nge. «. s. [In architecture.] A moul- 
 ding in form of a quarter round, or a 
 cavetto, which bcrves to separate two 
 members from one another : sucli is 
 that which joins the shaft of the column 
 to the cincture. Chambers. 
 
 To COXai-.'AL. v.a. [coiigelo, l.at.] 
 
 1. To turn, by frost, from a fluid to a solid 
 state. 
 
 W hat more miraculous thing may be told, 
 Than ice which is congealed with senseless cold. 
 Should kindle fire by wonderful device r Spenstr. 
 
 1 In H hose capacious womb 
 
 CON 
 
 • A vapoury deluge lies, to snow congeaVd. 
 
 Thom$on*s Winter, 
 2. To bind or tix, as by coUI. 
 
 Oh, geuticnicn, sec! see! dead Henry's wounds 
 Open tlieir cc)/iift'a/*ii mouths, and blued afresh. 
 
 Shaktsp. Rick. III. 
 Too much sadness hath congeal'd your blood. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 T<? Conge'al. V, 71. To concrete; to 
 gather into a mass by cold. 
 
 In tlie midst of molten lead, when it beeinneth 
 to conceal, make a little dent, into which put 
 quicksilver wrapt in linen, and it will fix and run 
 no more, and (.-ndure the hannucr. Bucun. 
 
 When water congeals, the surface of the ice is 
 smooth and level, as the sui face of the wa^r Wiis 
 before. Burnet's 7^^€ory. 
 
 Conge'alment. n. *. [from congeal,] 
 The clot formed by congelation ; con- 
 cretion. 
 
 Enter the city , clip ynnr w'ives, your friends ; 
 Tell them your'feats, whilst they wiih joyful tears 
 Wash the congealmtnt from your wounds. 
 
 Sliakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 Conge'lable. adj, [from congeal,] Sus- 
 ceptible of congelation ; capable oi 
 losing its fluidity. 
 
 The consistencies of bodies are very divers : 
 dense, rare, tangible, pneumatical, ii\ed, hard, 
 soft, congelable, not congeiable, liquetiablc, not li- 
 quefiable. Bacon. 
 
 The chymists define salt, from some of its pro- 
 perties, to be a bodv fixabic in the fire, and con- 
 geutble again by cold' into brittle glebes or crystals. 
 Arbutliytot on Aliments. 
 
 Congela'tion. n, s, [from ccttgcal.] 
 
 1. The act of turning fluids to solids by 
 cold. 
 
 The capillary tubes are obstruclcd cither by 
 outward compression or congelation of the fluid. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 There are congelations of the redundant water, 
 precipitations, and many other operations. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 2. State of being congealed, or made solid 
 by cold. 
 
 i\Iany waters and springs will never freeze ; nnd 
 many parts in rivers and Jakes, where tlicre are 
 mineral eruptions, will still persist without conge- 
 lation. Brou-ns Vutg. Krrours. 
 
 CONGENER, n. s. [Lat.] Of the 
 same kind or nature. 
 
 The cherry-tree has been often grafted on the 
 laurel, to which it is a congener. Milter. 
 
 Congene'rous. adj, [congenet\ Lat.] 
 Of the same kind ; arising from the 
 same original. 
 
 Those bodies, being of a congenerous nature, do 
 readily receive the impressions of their nature. 
 
 Browns Vnlg. Errours. 
 
 From extreme and lasting colds proceeds a great 
 
 run of apople.\ies, and other congtncrous diseases. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 Conge'nerousness. 71, s, [from cort- 
 gejierous,] I'he quality of being from 
 the same original ; belonging to the 
 same class. Diet. 
 
 CONGE'NiAL. adj. [con and genus, 
 Lat.] Partaking of the same genius; 
 kindred ; cognate ; in Sivij't it is foU 
 lowed by ivith. 
 
 He sprung, without any help, by a kind of ctm- 
 gciiial composure, as we may term it, to the like- 
 ness of our late sovereijin and master. Wotten, 
 YoQ look with pleasure on those things which 
 are somewhat congenial, and of a remcte kindred to 
 your own c inceptions. Drydens Dedieat. of Juv. 
 
 Smit with the love ctf sister arts we came. 
 And xael conge niid, mingling flame witli flame. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 He acquires a conraije, and stifiness of opinion, 
 
 not at all congenial wilu him, &wrt. 
 
 S80 
 
 I
 
 CON 
 
 Congenia'lity. n. s. [from congcni- 
 al.\ Participation of the same genius ; 
 coj;iiation of mind, or nature. 
 Conge'malness. n. «. [from congenial.] 
 
 Cognation. 
 Congenita, ntlj. [congmilus, Lat.] 
 Of the same birth ; born with another ; 
 Connate ; begotten to^'ether. 
 
 Many cimclusions of mural and intellectual 
 truths, seem, u [joii this account, to be congniitemUh 
 us, coiniatural lo us, an.l engraven in the very 
 frame of the soul. Halt's Origin of Miinhiml. 
 
 Did we learn an alphabet iu our eiubryo-stjite ■ 
 And how couKjs it to pass, tliat we are not aware 
 of any such coiigcnite a|i|>rchcnsions ? Gtanv. Seep. 
 
 Conger. «. s. [cvngrus, Lat] The 
 seaeel. 
 
 Maiiv fish, whose sha|i« and nature are much 
 
 like the eel, frequent both the sea and fresh rivers ; 
 
 as tlie mighty conger, taken often in the Severn. 
 
 IVahons Angler. 
 
 Conge'ries. ». s. [Lat] A mass of 
 
 small bodies heaped up together. 
 
 The air is nothint; but a cms^evies or heap of 
 sinull, and for the most part^of flexible, particles, 
 of several sizes, and of all kinds of figures. Boyle. 
 
 T*!) CON'GE'ST. V. a. [congero, congcs- 
 tum, Lat.] To heap up ; to gather to- 
 gether. 
 
 Coxge'stidle. adj. [from congest.] 
 That may be heaped up. Diet. 
 
 Congestion, n. s. [congestio, Lat.] A 
 collection of matter, as in abscesses and 
 tumours. Quinci/. 
 
 Congestion is then said to be the cause of a tu- 
 mour, when the growth of it is slow, and without 
 p.^iu. Wiseman. 
 
 Co'ngiary. n. s. [congiarlum, from 
 congius a measure of corn, Lat.] A 
 gift distributed to the Roman people or 
 soldiery, originally in corn, afterwards 
 in money. 
 
 \Vc see on tli'mi the emperor and general ofH- 
 cers, standing as the^' distributed a congiiirit to the 
 soldiers or people. Adtli^on. 
 
 To CONGLA'CL\TE. v. n. [conglaci- 
 atus, Lat.] To turn to ice. 
 
 No other doth projerly con^laciaie but water : 
 for tile determination ol quicksilver is properly 
 liiiation, and that of milk coagulation. 
 
 Blown s Vulg. EiTonrs. 
 
 Conglacia'tion. 71. s. [from congla- 
 cia/e.] The state of being changed, or 
 act of changing, into ice. 
 
 If cr^'stal be a stone, it is concreted by a mineral 
 spirit, and lapidifical principles ; for, while it re- 
 mained in a fluid body, it was a subject very unfit 
 for pro|)er conglneiation. Broirn. 
 
 To CO'NGLORATE. v. a. [congl'ba- 
 tus, Lat.] To gather into a hard firm 
 ball. 
 
 The testicle, as is said, is one large conglobated 
 eUnd, consisting of soft fibres, all ui one convo- 
 lution. Grew. 
 
 Conglobate, adj. [from the verb.] 
 Moulded into a firm ball, of which the 
 fibres are not distinctly visible. 
 
 Fluids are separated from the blood in the liver, 
 
 and the other Congtohate and coiislomerate glands. 
 
 Chcyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 Co'nglobately. adv. [from conglo- 
 bate.] In a spherical form. Diet. 
 
 Congloba'tion. n. s. [frorn conglo- 
 bate.] A round body ; collection into a 
 round mass. 
 
 In this S|>a"n are discerned manv specks, or little 
 ctmgtobations, » hicli in time become black. Brotii. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CongLo'be. v. a, [congloho, Lat.] 
 To gatliei* into a round mass ; to con- 
 solidate in a ball. 
 
 'I'hcu lie fuuudcd, then cong!nh'd 
 Like tliiii'^s to like. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 For all tlifir centre found, 
 Htinf; til tlie gotldcss, and cober'd around"*. 
 Nut closer, orb hi orh congloh'd, are seen 
 Tlie buzzing bees about iTieir duskv qnrrn. 
 
 pope's Dunciad. 
 
 To CoNGLO BE. V, n. To coalesce into a 
 round mass. 
 
 Thither they 
 
 Hristed with clad prrcipilance, up-rollM 
 As drops on dust coiiglohing from the drv. 
 
 Milton's Parad:xe Lo$t. 
 
 7o CONGLO'MERATE. v. a. [cunglo- 
 mero, Lat.] To gather into a ball, liUe 
 a ball of thread ; to inweave into a round 
 mass. 
 
 The liver is one great conglomerated gland, com- 
 posed of innumerable small glands, eacli of which 
 coiL^isteth of soft fibres, in a distinct or separate 
 convolution, Grew's Cosmnlogio. 
 
 Conglo'merate. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Gathered into a round ball, so as that 
 the constitutent parts and fibres are dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Fluids are separated in the liver, and the other 
 conglobate and conglomerate t^Uinds. 
 
 Clieiin^'s Philost.phical Principles. 
 
 2. Collected ; twisted together. 
 
 The beams of light, wiien they arc maltij)lied 
 and conglomerate, generate heat, hacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Conglomera'tion. n. s. [from con- 
 glomerate.] 
 
 1. Collection of matter into a loose ball. 
 
 2. Intertexture ; mixture. 
 
 The multiplication and conglomeration of sounds 
 doth generate rarefaction of the air. Bac.Nat.Hi^. 
 
 To CONGLDTINATE. v. a. [conglu- 
 
 tino, Lat] To cement ; to reunite ; to 
 
 heal wounds. 
 70 Conglu'tinate. v. 7i. To coalesce; 
 
 to unite by the intervention of a callus. 
 Conglutin'ation. ti. s. [from conghi- 
 
 ti7iate.] The act of uniting wounded 
 
 bodies ; re-union ; healing. 
 The cause is a temperate conglotination ; for both 
 
 bodies are clammy and viscous, anrt do bridle llie 
 
 deflux of humours to the hurts. Eacon'sNol. Hi.<t. 
 To this elongation of tlie fibres is owing the 
 
 union or conglutination of parts separated by a 
 
 wound. Arhntbnot on Aliments. 
 
 Conglu'tinative. adj. [from conglu- 
 
 tinate.] Having the power of uniting 
 
 wounds. 
 Conglutina'tor. 71. s. [from conglii- 
 
 tinate.] That which has the power of 
 
 uniting wounds. 
 The osteocoUa is recommended as a congtntina- 
 
 tor of broken bones. tl'(><i((;air(/ on Fossils. 
 
 Congra'tulant. adj. [from congra- 
 tulate.] Rejoicing in particiixition; ex- 
 pressing participation of another's joy. 
 
 Forth rush'd in haste the great consulting peers, 
 Ivais'd from the dark divan^ and with like joy 
 CongrotnUint ajiproaeh'tl him. Mifton. 
 
 To CONGRATULATE, v. a. [g7-atu- 
 
 lor, Lat ] 
 1. To compliment upon any happy event ; 
 
 to express joy for tiie good of another. 
 
 Irmigmfi/idfeour English tongue, that it has been 
 enriched wiiii words from all our neighbours. 
 
 ll'tias's Logic. 
 
 5. It has sometimes the accusative case of 
 
 the cause of joy, and to before the person. 
 
 CON 
 
 An ecclesiastical union within yourselves, T am 
 rath'^r ready to ctrnfrratvlnte to you. .^/n att's Serm. 
 
 The subjects of iCngiand may cimgratuiite to 
 themselves, that the nature of our government, and 
 the clenteiicy of oor king, secure us. 
 
 Dryden't Preface to Aurengzebe. 
 
 To Congra'tulate. v. «. To rejoice in 
 pariicipation. 
 
 I cannot hutdntgratnUiteviith my country .which 
 hath outdoue all Europe ill advancing conversation. 
 
 Suijt. 
 
 Congratula'tion. n.s. [from congra- 
 tulalc.] 
 
 1. The act of professing joy for the hap- 
 piness or success of anotiier. 
 
 2. The form in which joy for the happi- 
 ness of another is proles.sed. 
 
 Congra'tulatory. adj. [from congra- 
 tulate.] Expressing joy for the good 
 fortune of another. 
 
 To Congre'e. v. 71. [fromgTf, Fr.] To 
 agree ; to accord ; to join ; to unite. 
 Not in use. 
 
 For government. 
 Put into parts, doith keep in one concent, 
 Congreeing in a full and natural close. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 To Congre'et. V. n. [from con and 
 greet.] To salute reciprocally. N ot in use. 
 
 My oflice hath so far prevail'd. 
 That face to face, and royal eye to eye. 
 You have congreeted Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 To CO'NGREG.'\TE. r. a. [consrrrgo, 
 Lat.] To collect together j to assem- 
 ble ; to bring into one place. 
 
 Any multitude of Christian ineti cvigreeated, 
 may he termed by tiic name of a church. Htvher. 
 
 These waters were afterwards congre^.ited, and 
 called the sea. lialeigh's History tj the World. 
 
 Tempests themselves, high seas', and howling 
 winds. 
 The gutter'd rocks and congregated saiids. 
 As having sense of beauty, do omit 
 Their mortal natures. Shakesp. Othelh. 
 
 The dry land, earth ; and the great receptacle 
 0( congregated waters, he call'd seas ; 
 And saw (hat it was good. Milttnts Par. Lost. 
 
 Heat congregates homogeneal bodies, and sepa- 
 rates heterogeneal ones. Neu-tons Ojiticla. 
 
 Light, congregated by a bunting glass, acts most 
 upon sulphnreims bodies, to turn tluMu into fire. 
 Ken-ton's Opticks. 
 
 To Co'NGREGATE. v.n. To assemble; 
 to meet : to gather together. 
 
 He rails, 
 Ev'n there where merchants most do congregate. 
 On me, my bargains. Shakesp. McJ-chani tflcnice. 
 
 'Tis true (as the old proverb doih relate) 
 Equals with equals often congregate. Dcnham. 
 
 Co'NGREGATE. odj. [from the verb.] 
 CoUeclod ; compact. 
 
 Where the matter is most cOH^rt^afe, the cold is 
 the greater. Bacom yatural History. 
 
 Congrega'tion. 71. s. [from congre- 
 gate.] 
 
 1. Ihe act of collecting. 
 
 Tlie means of reduction by the fire, is but bj 
 congregation of homogeneal j'arts. Bticon, 
 
 2. A collection ; a mass of various parts 
 brought together. 
 
 This brave o'erchanging fimiarr.ent appears no 
 other thing to me, than a foul and pestilent i\m- 
 grcgation of va]>ours. Shakesp. 
 
 3. An assembly met to worship God in 
 publick, and hear doctrine. 
 
 The words which the njinister first pronouncelh, 
 the whole congregation shall rep<?ai after h'tin.Hf^fker 
 
 The practice of those that pn'fer houses befor« 
 churches, and a conventicle before the congrega- 
 tiim. South. 
 
 381
 
 CON 
 
 If those preachers wlio abound in epiphonemas, 
 would look about them, they would find part of 
 their caii^cgation out of countenance, and tlu* 
 otlier asleep. Saift. 
 
 Congrega'tional. adj. [from congre- 
 giitioii.] Ptiblick ; pertaining to a con- 
 gregation or asseinbly. It is a word 
 used of such Christians as hold every 
 congregation to be a separate and inde- 
 pendent church. 
 
 CO'NGllESS. n.s. [con gressus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A meeting; a shock ; a conflict. 
 Here Pailus urges on, and Lnusus tliore ; 
 
 TlK-ir congress in the field gnat Jove withstands, 
 Both dooui'd to fall, but fall by greater hands. 
 
 Drt/dcu's JF.neitl. 
 From tlipsc laws may be deduced t!ie rules of 
 tlie congresses and reflections of two bodies. 
 
 Cheyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 2. An appointed meeting for settlement of 
 affairs between dillerent nations : as the 
 coiigi-css of Cambray. 
 
 Congre's.sive. adj. [from congress.] 
 JSleeting; encountering; coming together. 
 
 If it b(^ understood nf sexes conjoined, ail jilants 
 are female ; and if ot disjoined and oougrfsslve ge- 
 neration, there is no male or female in them. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 To CONGRU'E. v.n. [from coiigruo,haUl 
 To agree ; to be consistent with ; to 
 suit ; to be agreeable. Not in use. 
 
 Our sovereign process imports at full. 
 By letters congruiag to that etfect. 
 The present tiealh of Hamlet. Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Congru'ence. n. s. [congruent in, r.;it.] 
 Agreement; suitableness of one thing 
 to another; consistency. 
 Conor u'ent. arlj. [congruens, Lat.] 
 Agreeing ; correspontlent. 
 
 These planes were so scpar;ited as to move np'Ui 
 
 aconnuon side of the cnngnient s^vmres, as an axis. 
 
 Chei/ne's Pliihsophical Principles. 
 
 CoNGRu'lTY. n. s. [from congrue.] 
 
 1. Suitableness ; agreeableness. 
 
 Congniitpaf opinions to our natural constitution, 
 is one great incentive to their reception. GlanviUe. 
 
 2. Fitness ; pertinence. 
 
 A whole sentence may fail of its congruity by 
 w-anting one particle. .Sidneit. 
 
 3. Consequence of argument ; reason ; 
 consistency. 
 
 With what congnuty doth the church of Rome 
 deny, that her enemies do at all aj)pertain to the 
 church of Christ? Hooker. 
 
 4. [In geometry.] Figures or lines which 
 exactly correspond, when laid over one 
 another, are in congruili/. 
 
 Co'ngrij.ment. n. s. [from cungnte.] 
 Fitness; adaption. Not in use. 
 
 The congrnme7it and harmonious fitting of pe- 
 riods in a sentence, hath almost the fasteliingand 
 force of knitting and connexion. BenJon.Discoecrti. 
 
 Co'ngruous. adj. [congrttus, Lat.] 
 i. Agreeable to ; consistent with. 
 
 The existence of God is so many ways mnnifesf , 
 and the obedience we owe hiiu so congriions (o rea- 
 son, that the light of a great part of mankind give 
 testimony to the law of nature. Locke. 
 
 2. Suitable to ; accommodated to ; pro- 
 portionate or commensurate. 
 
 The faculty is inflnite, the object infinite, and 
 they iufinitefy congruous to me another. 
 
 Clieyne's Philosophical Principles. 
 
 3. Rational ; fit. 
 
 ]\Iotives that address themselves to our reason, 
 are fittest to be employed upon reasonable crea- 
 tures : it is no ways congruous, that God should be 
 
 CON 
 
 always frightening men into an acknowledgement 
 of the trutll. Attcrbury. 
 
 Co'ngruously. adv. [from congruous.} 
 Suitably ; pertinently ; consistently. 
 
 This coiijecaire is to be regarded, iiccaiisc, con- 
 grnou.^ly iinio it, one having warmed tlie bladder, 
 found it then lighter than ihe opposite weight. 
 
 Boyle s Spring of the Air. 
 Conical, ) «^//. [conicus, Lat.J Having 
 Co'nick. j tlie fonii of a cone, or round 
 decreasing. 
 
 Tnw'riiig firs in conick forms arise, 
 
 And with a pointed spear divide the skies. Prior. 
 
 .\. brown Hint of a conick figure : the basis is 
 
 oblong. Woodward. 
 
 They are co?n'c(i/ vessels, with their bases towards 
 
 the heart ; and, as they pass on, their diameters 
 
 grow still less. Arlmthnot. 
 
 Co'nically. adv. [from conical.'] In 
 
 form of a cone. 
 
 In a watering pot, shaped conicolhi. or like a 
 sugar-loaf, filled with water, no liipior falls through 
 the holes at the bottom, whilst the gardener keeps 
 his thumb upon the orifice at the fop. 
 
 Boyle's ."^piing of the Air. 
 Co'nicalnes.S. n. s. [from conical.] 
 
 The state or quality of being conical. 
 Conick .Miction, n.s. A curve line arising 
 
 from the sectiim of a cone by a plane. 
 CoyiiCK Sections, In. s. That part of 
 Co'nick.s. 5 geometry which con- 
 
 siders the cone, and the curves arising 
 from its sections. 
 To CONJE'CT. II. H. [conjectum, Lat.] 
 To guess ; to conjecture. Not in use. 
 
 I intrcLit you then. 
 From one that but imperfeelly conjects, 
 Vour wisdom would not build yourself a trouble. 
 
 ^haktsp. 
 
 Conje'ctor. n. s. [from conject.] A 
 
 guesser ; a conjecturer. 
 For s ■ conjectors would ohirude. 
 
 And frnm thy p;iinted skill conclude. Stvil't. 
 
 CoNJECTURAisLE. adj. [{\om conjecture.] 
 
 Being the object of conjecture ; possible 
 
 to be guessed. 
 Conje'ctural. adj. [I'rom conjecfiirc] 
 
 Depending on conjecture ; said or done 
 
 by guess. 
 
 They'll sit by th' fire, and presume to know 
 Who tlirivcs aiid who declines, side factions, and 
 
 give out 
 Conjectural maj-riages. Shahesp. Coriolamis. 
 
 Thou speak'st it falsely, as I love mine honour. 
 And mak'st conjectural fears to come into me.Shak. 
 
 Tt were aiuaiter of great profit, save that I doubt 
 it is too conjectural to venture upon, if one could 
 discern what corn, herbs, or fruits, are likely to be 
 in plenty or scnrcity. Bacon. 
 
 The two last words are not in Callimachus, and 
 consequently the rest are only conjectural.Broome. 
 
 Conjectural'ity. n. s. [from conjec- 
 tural.] That which depends upon guess. 
 
 'I'hcy have not recurred unto chronology, or the 
 records of time, but taken themselves unto proba- 
 bilities, and the conjecturality of philosophy. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar ilrroiiTS. 
 
 Con.ie'cturally. adv. [from conjectu- 
 ral.] By guess ; by conjecture. 
 
 Whatsoever may be at any time, out of Scrip- 
 ture, but probably and conjccturally surmis'^d. 
 
 Ih^yker. 
 Let it be probably, not conjccturally, proved. 
 
 Maine. 
 Conje'cture. n. s. [conjectura, Lat.] 
 I. Guess; imperfect knowledge; prepon- 
 deration of opinion without proof. 
 
 In the casting of lots, a man cannot, upon any 
 ground -f reason, bring the event so much as un- 
 der coiy'ecture. South. 
 
 CON 
 
 2. Idea ; notion ; conception. Not now 
 in use. 
 
 Now entertain conjecture oi ?i time, 
 When creeping murmur, and the [loring dark, 
 Fills tiie wide vessel of ihe universe. 
 
 Shukesp. Jlcnry V. 
 
 To Conje'cture. v. a. [from the noun. J 
 To guess ; lo judge by guess ; to enter- 
 tain an opinion upon bare probability, 
 
 U licii \\v lui'k updii siieli things as cquiilly may 
 or nvdy nut Itu, liiiiuan reason can theiij at the best, 
 hut civijcctiirt; uhat will be. South. 
 
 CoN.JECTrJKEn. n. s, [from co7ij(cture.] 
 A guesser; one who forms opinion with- 
 out proof. 
 
 If wc should believe very grave conjccturerst 
 carnivcrous animals now were not tlesh devourers 
 then. _ Broum. 
 
 1 sliail leave covjcctitrcrs to tlicir own imagina- 
 tions. Addifon. 
 CoNi'FEnous. adj. [conusnndfcro, Lat.'] 
 
 Sneh trce.s or hcibs are coniferous, as bear a 
 squaniose ^caly fruit, of a wood^ sul>stance, and 
 a Jii^ure approaching to a cone, in which are many 
 seeds ; and when they are rifO, tlie several celre 
 in the cone open, and "tlic .seeds drop out. Of this 
 kind are liie fir, pine, and beech. Qidncy, 
 
 To CoNJo'r.iSLE. r. a, [from con toge- 
 ther, and Johbcniol the head.] 'J'o con- 
 cert ; to settle ; to discuss. A low cant 
 word. 
 
 "What wouM a body think of a minister that 
 shouhl conjohhle matteis of state wiili tumblers, 
 and confer politicks with tinkers ? V Estrange, 
 
 To CONJO'IN. V. a. [conjoindre, fr, 
 conju7ig'Of Lat.] 
 
 1. To unite : to consolidate ii/to one. 
 
 Thou wronj^'st Pirithous, and not him alone; 
 But, while 1 live, two friends coiijuin'd in one. 
 
 Drydeiu 
 
 2. To unite in marriage. 
 
 If either of you know anv inward impediment. 
 Why you should not be Ctwj/oinV/, 1 charge 
 You on your souls to utter it. Shake.tp. Much Ado, 
 
 3. To associate ; to connect. 
 
 Conniion and universal spirits convey the ac- 
 tion of the remedy into tlic part, and conjoin the 
 virtue of bodies far disjoined. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Men of dillering interests can he reconciled in 
 one communion ; at least, the designs of all can 
 be conjoiried in ligatures of the same reverence, 
 and piety, and devotion. Taylor, 
 
 Let tliat which he learns next be nearly cori' 
 jdtned with what he knows already. Loch^. 
 
 To CoNJo'iN. V. n. To league; to unite. 
 
 Thfc part of his 
 Conjoins with my disease, and helps to end me. 
 
 Shake.'ij}. Hinr}i \\ . 
 
 CoNJo'iNT. ff//;. [co7ijoht I yVr,] United; 
 connected ; associate. 
 
 Conjoint Degrees. [In musick.] Two 
 notes which immediately follow each 
 other in the order of the scale ; as ut 
 and re. Diet, 
 
 CoNJo'lNTLY. adv. [from cortjoinf.] In 
 union ; together ; in association ; joint- 
 ly ; not apart. 
 
 A t'ross and frequent error, comnmnly comraiV* 
 ted m the use of doubtful remedies, conjointly 
 with those that are of approved virtues. 
 
 Broun s I'vlg. Err. 
 
 The parts of the body, sejiarately, make^nown 
 
 the passions of the soul, or else conjointly one with 
 
 the other. Dryden. 
 
 CoNisoR. See Cognisour. 
 CO'NJUGAL. adj. [conjugan.% Lat.] 
 
 Matrimonial ; belonging to marriage ; 
 
 connubial. 
 
 382
 
 CON 
 
 Their couju^^al affection still is tied, 
 And still the mournful race is multijilicd. Dryd. 
 
 t could not forbear commending the \ounp wo- 
 man for her ciinjiigol atrectiim, when 1 found that 
 she hiid left the good man at home. Spectator. 
 
 He mark'd the coiijui^at dispute ; 
 Nell nmr'd incessant, Uick sat mute. Swift. 
 
 Co'njvgally. adv. [from conjugal.] 
 Matrimonially ; connubially. 
 
 7b Co'njugate. v. a, [covjugo, Lat.] 
 J. To join ; to join in marriage ; to unite. 
 
 Those drawiii*; as well marriage as wardsliiii, 
 gave him hulh i)u\ver and occasion to conjugate at 
 pleasure the Noriuan and the Saxon houses. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 2. To inflect verbs ; to decline verbs 
 through their various terminations, 
 
 Co'njugate. n. s, [conjugal us, Latin.] 
 Agreeing in derivation with another 
 word, and therefore generally resem- 
 bling in signification. 
 
 His grammatical argument, grounded upon tke 
 derivation of spontaneous from sponte, weiglts 
 nothing: we have learned in logick, that conju- 
 gates are sometimes in name only, and r.ot in 
 deed. BramhaU's Ansner to Hobbcs. 
 
 Conjugate Diamiter, or Axis. [In geo- 
 metry.] A right line bisecting the 
 transverse diameter. Chambers, 
 
 Conjuga'tion. n. s, [covjugatio, Lat.] 
 
 1, A couple ; a pair. 
 
 The heart is so far from aff-rding nerves unto 
 other parts, that it receiveth very ft-w itself fioni 
 the sixth cnnjugatim or pair of nerves. Brown. 
 
 2, The act of uniting or compiling things 
 together. 
 
 The general and indetinite contemplations and 
 notions of the elements, and their conjugatiojis, 
 are to be set aside, heinp; but notional ; and illi- 
 inited and indefinite axioms are to be drawn out 
 of measured instances. Bacon. 
 
 All the various mixtures and conjugations of 
 atoms do beget notliing. Bentley. 
 
 3. The form of inflecting verbs through 
 their series of terminations. 
 
 Have those who have writ so much about de- 
 densinns and conjugations, about concords and 
 syntaxes, lost their labour, and been learned to no 
 purpose? Locke. 
 
 4. Union ; assemblage. 
 
 The supper of tlie Lord is tlie most sacred, niys- 
 tcrious, and useful conjugation of secret and holy 
 things and duties. Taylor . 
 
 CON JU'NCT. adj. [conjuntus, Lat.] Con- 
 joined ; concurrent ; united. Not in 
 use. 
 
 It pleas'd the king his master to strike at me ; 
 When he, conjunct, and flatt'ring liis displeasure, 
 Tript uie behind. Shakes]). Kiiig Lear. 
 
 Conju'nction. n. s. Woiijunct'w, Lat.] 
 
 1. Union; association ; league. 
 
 With our siuail conjunction we should on, 
 To see how fortune is dispos'd to us. Skakcsp. 
 
 He will unite the white rose and the red ; 
 Smile heaven upon his fair cort junction, 
 'I'iiat long hath ("rown'd upon their enmity ! Shak. 
 
 The treaty gave abroad a re[)utation of a strict 
 conjunction and amity between them. Bacon. 
 
 Man can effect no great matter by his personal 
 strength, but as lie acts in society and conjunction 
 with others. ' Souths 
 
 An invisible hand from heaven mingles hearts 
 and souls by strange, secret, and unaccountable 
 conjunctions. South. 
 
 2. The congress of two planets in the 
 same degree of the zodiack, where they 
 
 CON 
 
 are supposed to have great power and 
 influence. 
 
 God, neither by drawing waters from the deep, 
 nor by any conjunction of the stars, should bury 
 them under a second flood. lialeigli. 
 
 Has not a poet more virtues and vices within 
 his circle? Cannot he observe their influences in 
 their oppositions and conjuuetims, in their alti- 
 tudes and depressions? He aluill sooner finii ink 
 than nature exhausted. Jiymtr. 
 
 Pomppy and Ctesar were two stars of such a 
 raapnitude, that tlieir conjunction was as fatal as 
 tlif ir opposition. Swift. 
 
 3. A word made use of to connect the 
 clauses of a period together, and to sig- 
 nify their relation to one another. 
 
 Claikc. 
 
 CoNJtJNCTiVE. adj. [cortjuncfiviis^ Lat.] 
 
 1. Closely^ united. A sense not in use. 
 
 She 's bo conjunctive to my life and soul, 
 That, as the star moves not but in his sphere, 
 1 could nut but by her. Shakesp. 
 
 2. [In grammar.] The mood of a verb, 
 used subsequently to a conjunction. 
 
 Conju'nctively. adv, [from conjunc- 
 tive.] In union ; not apart. 
 
 These are good mediums c-nij unctively taken, 
 that is, nut one without the other. Brown. 
 
 Conju'nctiveness. w. s. [from copjunc- 
 tive^ The quality of joining or uniting. 
 
 Conju'nctly. adv, [from conjunct.] 
 Jointly ; together; not apart. 
 
 Conjtj'ncture. IKS. [conjoncture, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Combination of many circumstances, 
 or causes. 
 
 I never met with a more unhappy conjuncture 
 of affairs than in the business of tliattarl. KingCh 
 
 Every virtue requires time and place, a proper 
 object, and a fit cofi/uTtcfuT-e of circumstances. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. Occasion ; critical time. 
 
 Such censures always attend such conjunctures ; 
 and find fault for what is not done, as with that 
 which is done. Clarendon. 
 
 *S. Mode of union; connexion. 
 
 He is quick to perceive the motions of articula- 
 tion, and coiyunctures of letters in words. 
 
 Holder's Elements nf Speech. 
 
 4. Consistency. 
 
 1 was willing to grant to presbj'tery wliat wiili 
 reason it can pretend to, in a conjuncture with 
 ei>iscopacy. King Charles. 
 
 Conjura'tion. w. s. [from conjure.] 
 \. The form or act of summoning another 
 in some sacred name. 
 
 We ciiart'e you, in the name of God, take heed: 
 lender tills conjuration speak, my lord. Sliakesp* 
 *1. A magical form of words; an incanta- 
 tion; an enchantment. 
 
 Your conjuration, fair knight, is too strnn;^ for 
 roy poor spirit to disobey. Sidnev. 
 
 What drops, what charms, 
 What conjuration, and '.vhat miphty magick, 
 For such prncectiing I am charg'd wjilial, 
 I won his daiigliler with ? Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 3- A plot ; a conspiracy. Diet. 
 
 To CONJURE, v.a. [conjuro, Lat.] 
 1. To summon in a sacred name; to en- 
 join with the highest solemnity. 
 
 lie conchuied willi sighs and tears to conjure 
 them, that they would no more press him to con- 
 sent to a thing so contrary to Iiis reason. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The church may address her sons in the fnrni 
 
 St. Paul does the Philippians, when he conjures 
 
 them to unity. Decay oj' Bietu. 
 
 CON 
 
 1 conjure you ! Let him know, 
 Whatever was done against biiu, Cato did :t. 
 
 Addison's Caio 
 
 2. To bind many by an oath to some com* 
 mon design. This sense is rare. 
 
 lie in proud rcbellioui arms 
 Drew after hini the third part of heav'ii's soni, 
 Conjurd against the Highest. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 3. To influence by magick; to affect by 
 enchantment ; to charm. 
 
 What hhick magiciun conjures up tkis fiend, 
 To stop devoted cliaritablc deeds r Shakesp. 
 
 What is he, wUose griefs 
 Bear such an emphasis? whose phra-ie of iorrow 
 Conjures the wand'ring stars, and makes ihem 
 
 stand 
 Like wonder-wounded liearers ? Shahesp. 
 
 I lhr>uglit their own fears, whose black arts 
 first raised up those turbulent spirits, would fo^ce 
 them to conjure them down again. King Chin Us. 
 
 You have conjured up persons tiiat exist r.o 
 where else but on old coins, and have made cur 
 passions and virtues visible. Addison. 
 
 4. It is to be observed, that when this 
 word is used for summon, or ronspire, it3 
 accent is on the last syllable, conjure ; 
 when for charm, on the first, conjure. 
 
 To Co'njure. r. ra. To practise charms 
 or enchantments ; to enchant. 
 
 IMy invocation is honest and fair; and !iis mis 
 tress s name I conjure onlv hut to raise up him. 
 
 shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 Out of my door, you witch ! you hag, you bat:- 
 i^^s.^1 you poulcat, you runaway! Out, out, out. 
 I'll conjure you, I'll "fortunelell yim ! 
 
 Shakesp. Metry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Co'njurer. n, s. [from conjure.] 
 
 1 . An enchanter ; one that uses charms. 
 
 Good doctor Pinch, you are aconjurer ; 
 Establish him in his true sense ag^in. Shakesp^ 
 
 Figures in the book 
 Of some dread conjurer, that would enforce nM are. 
 
 2)onne, 
 Thus lias he done you Britsh consorts right ; 
 Whose husbands, should they pry hke mine to- 
 night, 
 Would never find you in your conduct slippin*, 
 Tho' they turn'd conjurers to take you trijiping. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 2. An impostor who pretends to secret 
 arts; a cunning man. 
 
 From the account the loser brings, 
 The conj'rtr knows who stole the things. Prior. 
 
 3. By way of irony, a man of shrewd con- 
 jecture ; a man of sagacity. 
 
 Though ants are very knowing, I don't take 
 them to be conjurers; and therefoie ihey'Ciuldnot 
 guess that I h.id put some corn in that room. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Conju'rement. 7t.s. [from conjure.] 
 Serious injunction ; solemn demand. 
 
 I siifuid not be induced but by your earnest 
 intreaties and serious conjttrenients. Milton. 
 
 Conna'scence. n. s. [con and nascor, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Common birth ; production at the sam« 
 time; community of birth. 
 
 2. Being produced togetlier with another 
 being. 
 
 Chri^tia^s have baptized these geroinous births 
 and double connascencicSf as containing in ihem n 
 distinction of soul. Btoun's Vulg. Err. 
 
 3. The act of uniting or growing together: 
 ixnpropei'ly, 
 
 3B3
 
 CON 
 
 Symphasis denotes a connasceMe, or jirowing 
 
 together. Tt'w€J«rtH. 
 
 Conna'te. odj. [from co7i and n/ifiis, 
 
 Lat.] liorn with anotlier ; being of the 
 
 same birth. 
 
 Many, wlm deny all connate notions in flie spe- 
 culative intellect, lioyot admit them in this.Smilft. 
 Their dispusitions to he reflected, some at a 
 greater, and others at a less thickness, of thin 
 plates or bubbles, are connate with the rays, and 
 Imniutahle, Kewtmis Opticks. 
 
 Conna'tlral. (idj. [con awdnalm-al.] 
 
 1. United with the being ; connected by 
 nature. 
 
 First in man's mind we find an appetite 
 To learn and know the truth of ev'ry thing ; 
 AVhich is connatunil, and h()rn with'it, Davies. 
 
 These alfections are connatural to us, and as we 
 grow up, so do they. I^'Kstrange, 
 
 2. Participation of the same nature. 
 
 Is there no way, besides 
 These painful passages, how we may come 
 To death, and mix with our comiaturai dust?.Ui7(. 
 
 \Vhatever draws me on. 
 Or sympathy, or some conn^t^^ral force. 
 Powerful at greatest distance to unite 
 AVith secret amity. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Connatura'lity. n. s. [from coima- 
 litral.] Participation of the same natiue; 
 natural inseparability. 
 
 There is a connntnratitu and congriiity between 
 that knowledge and those habits, and ihatfntnrr- 
 estate of (he soul. ILite. 
 
 Conna'turally. adv. [from connatu- 
 ral.] In coexistence with nature ; ori- 
 ginally. 
 
 Some common notions seem connaturaUii engra- 
 ven in the soul, antecedently to discussive ratioci- 
 nation. Hale. 
 
 Conna'turalness. U.S. [fvomconKu- 
 tvral.] Participation of the same na- 
 ture ; natural union. 
 
 Such is the connilumlncss of our corruptions, ex- 
 cept we looked for an account liereafter. 
 
 Patrstm on the Creed. 
 
 ToCOXNE'CT. v.ti. [co?i)urto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To join ; to link ; to unite; to conjoin ; 
 to fasten tog-ether. 
 
 The corpuscles that constitute the quicksilver 
 M'ill be so connected to one another, that, instead 
 of a fluid body, they will appear in the form of a 
 red powder. Bnu/e. 
 
 2. To unite by intervention, as a cement. 
 The natural order of the connect'ntcr ideas must 
 
 direct the syllogisms; and a man must seethe 
 connexion of each intermediate idea with those 
 that it connects, before he can use it in a sylli'2i>ni. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. To join in a just series of thought, or 
 regtilar construction of language : as the 
 author connects his reasons tcell. 
 
 To Conne'ct. v. n To cohere : to have 
 just relation to things precedent and 
 subsequent. This is seldom used but 
 in conversation. 
 
 CoNNECTlvELY. adv. [from connect.] 
 In conjunction; in union ; jointly ; con- 
 jointly ; conjunctly. 
 
 The people's power is great and indisputable, 
 whenever they can unite connectively, or by depu- 
 tation, to exert it. Sai/i. 
 
 To Conne'x. v. a. [connexKm,Lsi\.] To 
 join or link together ; to fasten to eacli 
 other. 
 
 Those Mr-ls who are taught some words or sen- 
 tenceSf cannot conncx their words or sentences in 
 coherence witji the matter which they signify. 
 
 Hale's OrigUi oflilankind. 
 
 CON 
 
 They fly. 
 By cliains ectma'd, and with" destructive sweep 
 Behead whole truops at once. Ptuti[>s. 
 
 Conne'xion. n. s. [from connex, or 
 conneiio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Union ; jmiction ; the act of fastening 
 together ; the state of being fastened 
 together. 
 
 My heart, which by a secret hannony 
 Still moves with thine, join'd in conneivm sweet. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 There must be a future state where the eternal 
 and inseparable fi"-»j)tr/j« between virtue and hap- 
 piness shall be manifested. Atteihury. 
 
 2. Just relation to something precedent or 
 subsequent ; consequence of argumen- 
 tation ; oolierence. 
 
 Contemplation of human nature doth, by a ne- 
 cessary connexion and chain of causes, carry us uf, 
 to the'Deity. link. 
 
 Each intermediate idea nuist be sucli as, in the 
 whole chain, hath a visible connexion with those 
 two it is placed between. Locke. 
 
 A conscious, wise, rettecting cause, 
 I'iiat caji deliberate, means elect, and find 
 Tiieir due connexion with the end design'd. 
 
 Blackm. Creation. 
 
 Connr'xive. ndj. [from cornier.] Hav- 
 ing the force of connexion ; conjunctive. 
 
 Tlie predicate and subject are joined in a form 
 of words by connexive particles. H atfs's Logick. 
 
 Connicta'tion. n. s. [from connicto, 
 Lat.] A winking. Diet. 
 
 Conni'vance. «. s. [from ceinnive.] 
 
 1. The act of winking. Not in use. 
 
 2. Voluntary blindness; pretended igno- 
 rance ; forbearance. 
 
 It is better to mitigate usury by declaration, 
 than to sutler it to rage by connivance. Bacon. 
 
 Disobedience, having gained one degree of li 
 bertv, will demand another: every vice inter- 
 pret's a C(»miii«nre, an approbation. South. 
 
 A connivance to admit half, will produce ruin. 
 
 Suijt 
 
 To COXNl'VE. v.n. [conniveo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To wink. 
 
 This artist is to teach them how to nod judici- 
 ously, to connive with either eye Spectator. 
 
 2. To pretend blindness or ignorance ; to 
 forbear ; to pass uncensured. 
 
 The licentiousness of inferiours, and the remiss- 
 ness of superiours, the one violates, and the oiher 
 connives. Decay of Pietu. 
 
 With whatever colours he persuades authority 
 to connive at his own vices, he will desire its pro- 
 tection from tlie eiTects of other men's. P.ogers. 
 
 He thinks it a scandal to goverimient to connive 
 at such tracts as reject all revelation. Sic'ilt. 
 
 CON^'OJ.'iSF.UR.n.s. [Fr.] A judge ; 
 a critick. It is often used of a pretended 
 critick. 
 
 Your lesson learnt, you'll be secure 
 To get the name of connisseur. Swift. 
 
 To CONNOTATE, v. a. [con and nota, 
 Lat.] To designate something besides 
 itself; to imply ; to infer. 
 
 God's foreseeing' doth not include or eorniotale 
 pre-determining, any more than I decree w ith ii:y 
 HitcUect. Hammond. 
 
 Connota'tion. n. s. [fvom connotate.] 
 Implication of something besides itself; 
 inference ; illation. 
 
 Bv reason of the co-esistence of one thing with 
 anol"lier, there ariseth a various relation or conu^'ta- 
 tion between them. Hale's Origin of Mankind 
 
 Plato by his ideasmeans only the divine c-seiice 
 with ihiscimiwtatioii, as it is variously iiuitahle or 
 participable by created beings. i^arris. 
 
 CON 
 
 To Conno'te. v. a. [coa and nota, Lat.] 
 To imply ; to betoken ; to iiicliule. 
 
 (iood, in tlje gencr.'d notion of it, connotes also a 
 certain suitableness of it to some other thing. 
 
 South. 
 CoNNU'ciAL. adj. [connubialis, Lat.] 
 Maliimonial ; nuptial; pertaining to 
 jnaniage j conjugal. 
 
 Should second love a pleasing flame inspire, 
 .\nd the chaste (lueen comtnl)ial ntcs r tjiiire. 
 
 Pope's Odussey. 
 
 CO'NOJD. n. s. [xaisotiinc.] .\ iigure 
 partaking of a cone; approaching to the 
 form of a cone. 
 
 The tympanum is not capable of tension as a 
 drum : there remains another way, by drawing it 
 to the centre into a conoid fi>rra. 
 
 HoUler's Elements of Speech. 
 CoNOi'DICAL. adj. [from concitl.] .Ap- 
 proaching to a conick form, to tiie form 
 of a round decreasing. 
 To CONQUA'SS.VrE. v. a. [conquasso, 
 Lat.] 'J'o shake ; to agitate. Not in 
 use. 
 Vomits do violently conqnassate the lungs. 
 
 Huneii. 
 Conqttas.sa'tion. n. s. [froin conqttas- 
 
 sate.] Agitation ; concussion. 
 To CO'NQUER. v. a. [conquerir, Fr. 
 . conqainrc, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To gain by conquest ; to over-i-un ; to 
 win. 
 
 They had conquered them and brought them 
 under'tribute. 1 jIIkc. viii. 2. 
 
 Welcome, great Stagirite, and teach me now 
 All I was horn to know ; 
 1 hy scholar's victories thou dost outdo ; 
 He" conquer'd th' earth, the whole world you. 
 
 Cmvley, 
 Twas fit, 
 AVho conquer'd nature, should preside o'er wit. 
 
 Pope. 
 We conquer'd France, but felt our captive's 
 charms ; 
 Their arts victorious triumph'd o'er our arms. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To overcome ; to subdue ; to vanquish. 
 
 lioth tugging to be victors, breast to breast ; 
 Yet neitlicr conqueror nor conquered. 
 
 Shahc.^. Hcury V~l. 
 The contpier'd also, and inslav'd by war. 
 Shall, n itii their freedom lost, all virtue lose 
 And fear of God. Milton. 
 
 Anna conquers but to save, 
 And governs but to bless. Smith. 
 
 3. To surmount ; to overcome ; as, he 
 conquered his reluctance. 
 
 7o Co'nquer. v.n. To get the victory ; 
 to overcome. 
 
 Put him to choler straight : he hath been us'd 
 Ever to conquer and to have his word 
 Of contradiction. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Eq ual success had set these champions hiih. 
 And both resolv'd to conquer or to die. liallcr. 
 
 The logick of a conquering sword has no pri>- 
 priety . Decay of Piety. 
 
 Co'nouerable. adj. [from conquer.] 
 Possible to be overcome. 
 
 W bile the heap is small, and the particulars 
 few, bo will linil it easy and conquerable. South. 
 
 Co'nqueroe. n.s. [from conquer.] 
 1 . .\ man that has obtained a victory ; a 
 victor. 
 
 Bound with triumphant garlands will I come. 
 And lead thy daughter to a conqueror's bed. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 The gain of civil wars will not allow 
 
 Bags for the conqueror's crew. Cmrtey. 
 
 A critick that attacks authors in reputation, is 
 
 as the slave who called out to the conqueror, R»- 
 
 rueiubcr. Sir, that you are a roan. Addis. Guard. 
 
 3G4 
 
 f
 
 CON 
 
 2. One that subdues and ruins coun- 
 tries. 
 
 Deserving freedom more 
 Than those their conqueron, wlio leave behind 
 Nothing but ruin whereiix'er lliev rove. 
 
 J\l Hum's farad. Regained. 
 ' That tvrant god, that laticsi conqueror. 
 May qui"t his pleasure to assert his pow r. rrior. 
 Co'nquest. n. *. [conquesle, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of conquering ; subjection. 
 A perfect conquest of a country reduces all the 
 
 people to the condition of subjecis. 
 
 Daeies on Ireland. 
 
 2. Acquisition by victory ; thing gained. 
 
 More willingly 1 mention air. 
 This our old conquest ; than remember hell, 
 Our haled habitation. Milton s Par. Resattted. 
 
 3. Victory ; success in arms. 
 I must yield my body to the earth. 
 
 And, by iny fall, the conquest to my foe. 
 
 ■' ■' Shake.^. Henry VI. 
 
 I'll lead tliy daughter to a conqueror's bed ; 
 To whom I will retail my conquest won. 
 And she shall be sole victress. Shak. Richard III. 
 
 Not to be o'ercome, was to do more 
 Than all the corujuests former kings did gain. 
 
 Ih yden. 
 In jovs of conmiest he resigns his breath. 
 And, fill'dwith England's gR>ry, smiles in death. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 CONSANGUI'NEOUS. adj. [ccnsangui- 
 nevs, Lat.] Near of kin ; of the same 
 blood ; related by birth, not affined. 
 
 Ami uoUconsanguineous ? Am I not of her blood r 
 
 Sttakesp. 
 
 Consangui'nity. n. s. [consan^uinitas, 
 Lat.] Relation by blood ; relation by de- 
 scent from one comrnon progenitor ; 
 nearness of kin : distinguished from 
 affinity, or relation by mamage. 
 
 Tve forgot ray father ; 
 I know no touch of consiingninitu. 
 
 i>huke.<p. Troilus and Cressida. 
 There is the supreme and indissoluble cansan 
 gvinitu and society between men in general ; of 
 w hicir the heathen" poet, whom the apostle calls 
 to witness, saith. We are all his goieration. 
 
 Bacon's Holu War. 
 The first original would subsist, thouoh he out- 
 lived all terras of consanguinitu, and became a 
 strangei" unto his progeny. llrou-n's Vulg. Err. 
 Christ has condescended to a cognation and 
 conjanguinitjj with us. South. 
 
 CoNSAKClNA'noN. 11. s. [from consar- 
 cino, Lat. to piece.] The act of patch- 
 ing together. Diet. 
 CO'NSCIENCE. B. s. [conscicntia, Lat.] 
 1. The knowledge or faculty by -which 
 ■we judge of the goodness or wicked- 
 ness of ourselves. 
 
 When a people have no touch of cmsc'ience, no 
 sense nf their evil doings, it is bootless to think 
 to restrain them. Spenser. 
 
 Who against f^th and conscience can be heard 
 Infallible? Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Consciaice has not been wanting to itself in en- 
 dearouriiig to get the clearest information about 
 tlie will of God? South. 
 
 But why must those be thought to 'scape, that 
 feel 
 Those rods of scor)>ions, and those whips of steel, 
 W^hich conscience shakes ? Creech's Jnrenal. 
 
 No courts created yet. nor cause was heard ; 
 But all was safe, for conscience was their guard. 
 
 Drydcn's Oiid. 
 
 Conscience signifies that knowledge which a man 
 hath of his own thoughts and acUons ; and be- 
 cause, if a man judgelh fairly of his actions by 
 comparing tliein with the law of God, his mind 
 will approve or condemn him, this knowledge or 
 cou.vicnce may be both au accuser and a judg's 
 
 Vox. I. 
 
 CON 
 
 2. Justice ; the estimate of conscience ; 
 tlie determination of conscience; ho- 
 nesty. This is sometimes a serioui, 
 and sometimes a ludicrous sense. 
 
 'Iliis is ihaiik-worthy, if a man, for conscience 
 toward God, endure grief. 1 Pelcr, ii. 19. 
 
 Now is Cupid a child of conscience ; he m«kcs 
 restitution. Shakesp. Merrii Wives if Windsor. 
 
 He had, against right and ciinjoience, by sh,Ame- 
 ful treachery", intruded himself into another man's 
 kingdom. " Knolles. 
 
 \Vliat you require cannot, m conscience, be de- 
 ferred be'vond this time. Milton. 
 
 Her majesty is obliged in cwuritTice to endea- 
 vour this by her authority, as much as by her 
 practice. ^'^'P- 
 
 3. Consciousness ; knowledge of our own 
 thoughts or actions. 
 
 Merit, and good works, is the end of man's 
 motion ; and onsciciice of the same is the accuui- 
 plibhmeiit of man's rest. ^''™'- 
 
 'fhe reason why the simpler sort are moved with 
 authority, is the conscience of their own ignorance. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 The sweetest cordial we receive at last. 
 Is conicicnce of our virtuous actions iast. Denham. 
 
 Hector v-as in an absolute certainty of death, 
 and depressed with the conscience of being in an 
 Ul cause. /"/'«• 
 
 4. Real sentiments ; veracity ; private 
 
 thoughts. 
 
 Dost thou in conjciftice think, tell me, .Smilia, 
 That there be women do abuse their husbands 
 In sucn gross kind ? Shakesu. Othello. 
 
 Thev did in llveir consciences know, that he was 
 not aijle to send them any jiart of it. Clarendon. 
 
 5. Scruple ; principle of action. 
 We must make a conscience in keeping tlie just 
 
 laws of snperiours. Taulor's Holii Living. 
 
 Whv should not the one mate as much consci- 
 ence o"f betraying for gold, as the other of doing 
 it for a crust r L'Estrange. 
 
 Children are travellers newly arrived in a strange 
 country ; we should therefore make conscience not 
 to mislead them. Locke. 
 
 6. In ludicrous language, reason ; reason- 
 ableness. 
 
 Why dost thou weep ? Can'st thou the conscience 
 'lack. 
 To thiuk I shall lack friends I Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Half a dozen fools are, in all conicience, as many 
 as you should require. Suift. 
 
 CoNSCiENTiot's. adj. [from conscietice.] 
 Scrupulous ; exactly just ; regulated by 
 conscience. 
 
 Lead a life in so conieien<ioi« a probity, as in 
 thought, word, and deed, to make good the cha- 
 racter of au honest man. L'Estrange. 
 
 Conscie'ntiously. adt: [from co?wcj- 
 entious.] According to the direction of 
 conscience. 
 
 More stress has been laid upon the strictness of 
 law, than comcientioiuly did belong to it. 
 
 L'Estrange 
 
 There is the erroneous as well as the rightly in- 
 formed conscience ; and, if the conscience hap- 
 pens to be deluded, sin does not therefore cease 
 to be sin, because a man committed it conscien- 
 tiously. ■S'""''- 
 
 Conscie'ntiousness. w. s. [from con- 
 scientious.] Exactness of justice ; ten- 
 derness of conscience. 
 
 It will be a wonderful conscientiousness in them, 
 if they will content themselves with less profit 
 than they can make. Locke. 
 
 Co'NSCiONABLE. adj. [from conscicKce.] 
 Reasonable j just ; according to con- 
 science. 
 
 A knave very voluble ; no farther conscionable 
 
 than in putting on the meer form of civil and 
 
 humane seeming. . ^hakesp. 
 
 Letmv debtors have conscioiwile satisfaction. 
 
 ' 'toHon. 
 
 CON 
 
 Co'NSCIONABLENESS. n. S. [from COH- 
 
 scionublt:.] Equitj' ; reasonableness. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Co'NSClONABLY. adv. [from consciona- 
 ble.] In a manner agreeable to con- 
 science ; reasonably ; justly. 
 
 A prince muvt be used conscionably as well as a 
 common person. Taylor's Holy Liriu^ 
 
 Co'nscious. adj. [comcius, Lat.] 
 1. Endowed with the power of knowing 
 one's own thoughts and actions. 
 
 JIatler hath no life nor perception, and is net 
 conscious of its own existence. Benllev's S<.mioiu. 
 Among substances, some are tliink'iiig or con- 
 scious beiugs, or have a power of tliought. 
 
 Walts's Log'ck. 
 
 •2. Knowing from memorj' ; having the 
 knowledge of any thing without any 
 new information. 
 
 The damsel then to Tanered sent,^ 
 Who, conscious of th' occasion, fear'd tb' event. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 3. Admitted to the knowledge of any 
 thing : with to. 
 
 The rest stood trembling, struck with awe 
 
 divine ; 
 
 ,5;neas onlv, conscioii.' (0 the sign, 
 
 Presag'd tlV event. Drvden s .flnad 
 
 Roses or honey caimot be thought to smell or 
 
 taste their own sweetness, or an organ be conscioi,s 
 
 fo its musick, or gunpow der to its flashing or noise. 
 
 Bentley < Sermoiu. 
 
 4. Bearing witness by the dictate of con- 
 science to any thing. 
 
 Tlie queen had been solicitous with the kin^ on 
 his behalf, being ci'n-icinus to herself that he had 
 been encouraged by her. Clarendon. 
 
 Co'nsciously. adv. [from conscious.] 
 With knowledge of one's own actions. 
 
 If these perce]itions, with their cousciousiie-s, 
 always remained in the mind, the same thinking 
 thing would be always consciously present. Locke. 
 
 Co'NSCiorsNESS. n.s. [from conscious.] 
 
 1. The perception of what passes in a 
 man's own mind. Locke. 
 
 If spirit be without thinking, I have no idea of 
 any thing left ; therefore coJiscioiuness must be its 
 esseutiarattribute. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Internal sense of guilt, or iiuioccnce. 
 No man doubts of a Supreme Being, until from 
 
 the coiu'ciousncss of his (.rovocations, it become 
 his interest there should be none. 
 
 Gowrnmint of the Tonpie. 
 
 Such ideas, no doubt, they would have had. 
 had not their consciousness to themselves, of their 
 ignorance of lliem, kept them from so idle an at- 
 tempt. . , ^'""■ 
 
 Au honest mind is not in the power of a disho- 
 nest : to break its peace, there must be some 
 guilt or consciciTi.snfss. Pope. 
 
 Conscript, adj. [from conscriho, Lat.] 
 A term used in speaking of the Roman 
 senators, who were called Patres coti- 
 scripli, from their names being written 
 in the register of the senate. 
 
 CoNSCRi'PTioN. w.-s. [fo«»r»-i/><io, Lat.] 
 An enrolling or registering. Diet. 
 
 To CONSECRATE, r. a. [consccro, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To make sacred ; to appropriate to 
 
 sacred uses. 
 
 Enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, bv 
 a new and living way, which he hath consecn-tcd 
 for us. . 
 
 Shall I abuse this consccTaled gift 
 
 Hd>. X. 20. 
 
 Of sti^gth, again returning with my lair? 
 
 SO 
 
 3S5
 
 CON 
 
 A liisliop ought nut to atusecrale a cliurcli wliicli 
 tlic patron has built for filthy gain, anil not fur 
 trilL' devotion. Ayliffe. 
 
 2. To dedicate inviolably to some parti- 
 cular purpose, or person ; with to. 
 
 He sliall cimsecratc xiuto the Lord tlie ilavs c/f 
 Ills separation, and sliall bring a lamb of the first 
 year for a trespass otiering. Nimb. vi. 12. 
 
 3. To canonize. 
 
 Co'nsecrate. adj. [from the verb.] 
 Consecrated, sacred, devoted, devote, 
 dedicated. 
 
 The water consecrate for sacrifice 
 Appears all black. Waller. 
 
 Shoiddst thou but hear I were licentious ; 
 And that this body, couserrate to tlicc. 
 By ruffian lust shu'uld be contaminate. 
 
 Shakcsp. Camcdliof Erniiirj. 
 
 The cardinal, standing before the cho^r, lets 
 them know that they were assembled in that coii- 
 sccrate place tosingunto God. Bacon's Henry Vll. 
 
 Into these secret shades, cried she. 
 How dar'st thou be so bold 
 
 To enter, cottsccrate to nie ; 
 Or touch this hallow'd mold > Drai/ton's Crivthia. 
 Co'nsecrator. 71. s. [from consecrate.] 
 One that performs the rites by which 
 any thing is devoted to sacred pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Whether it be not against the notion of a sacra- 
 ment, that the cotisecrator alone should partake of 
 jj Atterhuru. 
 
 Consecra'tion. 71. s. [from co7isecrafe.] 
 
 1. A rite or ceremony of dedicating and 
 devoting things or persons to the ser- 
 vice of God, with an application of cer- 
 tain proper solemnities. Ai/lijfe's Par. 
 
 At the erection and consecration as well of the 
 tabernacle as of the temple, it pleased the Al- 
 mighty to give a sign. Hooker. 
 
 the consecration of his God is upon his head. 
 humb. VI. 7. 
 
 We must know that consecration makes not a 
 place sacred, but only solemnly declares itso. the 
 gift of the owner to God makes it God s, and 
 consequently sacred. inii/ft. 
 
 2. The act of declaring one holy by cano- 
 
 nization. 
 
 The calendar swells with new consecrations of 
 saints. ""'''■ 
 
 CO'NSECTARY. adj. [from consecta- 
 riiis, Lat.] Consequent; consequen- 
 tial ; following by consequence. 
 
 From the inconsistent anil contrary determina- 
 tions thereof, cwisectai-j/ impieties and conclusions 
 may arise. ,. ^I'"'"':. 
 
 CONSECTARY. n. s. [from the adjective. J 
 Deduction from premises ; consequence ; 
 
 corollary. 
 
 These propositions are coiuectaries drawn from 
 the observations. VVoodii-arel s A at. Hist. 
 
 Consecu'tion. n. s. [cimsecuiio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Train of consequences ; chain of de- 
 ductions ; concatenation of proposi- 
 tions. , • , , 
 
 Some consecutions are 10 inUmately and evidcntiv 
 coiine\ed to or found in the premises, that the 
 conclusion is attained, and without any tlnn^ of 
 ratiociiiative progress. ""''■ 
 
 2. Succession. 
 In a quick consecution of the colours, the im- 
 pression of every colour remains in the sensorium. 
 •^ K^eicton's Opticks. 
 
 3. In astronomy. 
 
 fhe month of consecution, or, as some term it, 
 of progression, is the space between one conjunc- 
 tion of the moon with the sun unto anotlier. 
 
 Broitn's Vulgar Errours. 
 . The moon makes four quarterly seasons within 
 her little year, or month of coiisecidion. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONSECUTIVE, adj. [consecittif, Fr.] 
 
 1. Following in train ; uninterrupted ; 
 successive. 
 
 That oliligation upon the lands did not come 
 into disuse l>ut by fifty conseculirc years of ex- 
 emption. Arhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 2. Consequential ; regularly succeeding. 
 
 This is seeming to comprehend only the actions 
 of a man, co/tsfciitit'e to volition. Locke. 
 
 Conse'cuiively. adv. [from co7i.iccu- 
 tive.'] A term used in the school phi- 
 losopliy, in opposition to antecedenlty, 
 and sometimes to effectively or causnlli/. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To Conse'minate. v. a. [co7iseminu, 
 
 Lat.] To sow different seeds together. 
 
 Diet. 
 Conse'nsion. n. s. [conseTisio, Lat.] 
 Agreement ; accord. 
 
 A great number of such living and thinking par- 
 ticles could not possibly, by their mutual contact, 
 and ]nessing and striking, compose one greater 
 individual animal, with one mind and under- 
 standing, and a vital cojiseiisiu" of the whole body. 
 
 BentUii. 
 
 CONSENT, n. s. [soTiseTisus, Lat.] 
 1. The act of yielding or consenting. 
 I am far from excusing or denying that compli- 
 ance ; for plenary consent it was not. _ A'. ChurUs. 
 When thou canst truly call these virtues thine. 
 Be wise and fiee by heaven's consent and mine. 
 
 Drydens Pers. 
 •2. Concord ; agreement ; accord ; unity 
 of opinion. 
 
 The fighting winds would slop there and admire, 
 Learning coiisoit and concord from his lyre. 
 
 Ci)u7. Davideis. 
 
 3. Coherence with ; relation to ; corres- 
 pondence. 
 
 Demons found 
 In fire, air, flood, or unfler ground. 
 Whose [lower hath a true coiisfiif 
 With ]ilanet or with element. Milton. 
 
 4. Tendency to one point; joint opera- 
 tion. 
 
 Such is the world's great harmony, that springs 
 From union, order, full consent of tilings. Fope. 
 
 5. In physick. 
 
 The perception one part has of another, by 
 means of some fibres and nerves common to tliciii 
 both ; and thus the stone in the bladder, by velli- 
 catiiig the fibres the e, will afiect anddraw them 
 so into spasms, as to aftVct the bowels in the same 
 maimer by tlie intermediation of nervous threads, 
 and cause a colick ; and extend their twiches some- 
 times to the stomach, and occasion vomitings. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 To Conse'nt. v. 71. [roi7se7itio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To be of tlie same mind ; to agree. 
 Though « hat thou tell'st some doubt witliin me 
 
 move. 
 But more desire to hear, if thou consent. 
 The full relation. Milt 
 
 2. To co-operate to the same end. 
 
 3. To yield ; to give consent ; to allow ; 
 to admit : with to. 
 
 Ye comets scourge, the bad revolting stars 
 That have consented unto Henry's dealh. 
 
 Sitakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 In this we consent unto you, if je will be as we 
 be. Genesis. 
 
 What in sleep thou didst abhor to dream. 
 Waking thou never wilt consent to do. Milton. 
 
 Tliei?num'rous thunder would awake 
 Dull earth, which does with heav'nomsent 
 To all they wrote. Waller. 
 
 Consenta'neous. adj. [consent aneus, 
 Lat.] Agreeable to; consistent with. 
 
 In the picture of Abruham sacrificing his son. 
 
 CON 
 
 Isaac is described a little boy, which Is not con* 
 sentancousMnio the circumstance of the text. 
 
 Broun s Vulg. Err. 
 It will cost no pains to bring you to the know- 
 ing, nor to the practice ; it being very agreeable 
 and consentaneous to every one's nature. 
 
 Hammond's Pract. Cat. 
 
 Consenta'neously. adv. [from con. 
 sentaneous.'] Agreeably; consistently; 
 suitably. 
 
 Paracelsus did not always write so consentane^ 
 ousiy to himself, that his opinions were confidently 
 to be collected from every place of his writings, 
 where he seems to express it. Boyle. 
 
 Consenta'neousness. 71. s. [fromcon- 
 seutuiieoiis.] Agreement ; consistence. 
 
 Diet. 
 Conse'ntient. adj. \conse71tiens, Lat.] 
 Agreeing; united in opinion; not dif- 
 fering in sentiment. 
 
 The authority due to the consentient judgment 
 and practice of the universal church. 
 
 Oxford Reasons against the Covenant. 
 
 CO'NSEQUEiVCE. n. s. \conseque71lia, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . That which follows from any cause or 
 principle. 
 
 2. Event; effect of a cause. 
 
 Spirits that know 
 All mortal consequences have pronounced It. 
 
 Shakcsp. Macbeth. 
 Shun the bitter conse<juencc ; for know, 
 The day thou ealest lliereof, thou shall die. Milt. 
 
 3. Proposition collected from the agree- 
 ment of other previous propositions ; de- 
 duction ; conclusion. 
 
 It is no good consequence, that rea>.on aims at 
 our being happy, therefore it forbids all voluntary 
 sulTerings. Decay of Piety. 
 
 4. The last proposition of a syllogism : 
 as, ivliut is comma7tded by our Saviour 
 is our dull/ ; -pruijer is commanded, 
 cons, therefore prayer is our duty. 
 
 Can svllogisiu set tilings riglit.' 
 No, niaiors soon with minors fight' 
 Or, bolh in friendly Consort joiii'd. 
 The conser^aence \\m\>s false behind. Prior. 
 
 5. Concatenation of causes and effects; 
 consecution. 
 
 Sorrow being the natural and direct offer of sin, 
 that which first brought sin into the world, must, 
 by necessary consequence, bring in sorrow too. 
 
 South. 
 I felt 
 That I must after thee, with this thy son: 
 Such fatal consequence unites us three. 
 
 Milton's Parad. Lost. 
 
 6. That which produces consequences; 
 influence ; tendency. 
 
 Asserted without any colour of scripture-proof, 
 it is of very ill conseque'ucc to the superstructing of 
 good life. Hammond. 
 
 7. Importance ; moment. 
 The instruments of darkness 
 
 Win us with honest trifles, to betray us 
 
 In deepest consequence. Shakcsp. Macbeth. 
 
 The anger of Achilles was of such consequence, 
 that it embroiled the kings of Greece. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Their people are sunk in poverty, ignorance, 
 and cowardice ; and of as little consequence as wo- 
 men and children. Swift. 
 
 Co'nsequent. adj. [co7iscque7is, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Following by rational deduction. 
 
 2. Following as the effect of a cause; 
 
 with to. 
 
 It was not a power possible to be inherited, be- 
 cause the right was consequent to, and built on, an 
 act perfectly personal. Locke. 
 
 3. Sometimes with upon. 
 
 ' 3Gb
 
 CON 
 
 Tliis satisfaction or dissatisfaction, conseqitent 
 upcin a man's acting suitably or unsuitaljiy to con- 
 science, is a principle not easily to be worn out. 
 
 South. 
 
 Co'nsequent. n. s. 
 
 1, Consequence; that which follows from 
 previous propositions by rational deduc- 
 tion. 
 
 Doth it follow that they, being not the people 
 of God, arc in notliing to bo followed ? Tins am- 
 icquciit were good, if only the custom of the 
 people of God is to be observed. Ilvohcr. 
 
 2. Effect; that which follows an acting 
 cause. 
 
 They were ill paid ; and they were ill governed, 
 which "is always a coiisequait of ill payment. 
 
 D(irif5ou Ireland. 
 
 He could see consequents yet doriuant in their 
 principles, and etlects yet unborn. South. 
 
 Conseque'ntial. adj. [from conse- 
 quent.'] 
 
 1. Produced by the necessary concatena- 
 tion of effects to causes. 
 
 We sometimes wrangle, %vhenwe should debate; 
 A consequt^ntial ill which freedom draws ; 
 A bad ertect, but from a noble cause. Prior. 
 
 2. Having the consequences justly con- 
 nected with the premises ; conclusive. 
 
 Though these kind of arguments may seem ob- 
 scure ; yet, upon a due consideration of them, 
 they are highly consequential and concludent to my 
 purpose. Hate's Orig. if Mankind. 
 
 Conseque'ntially. adv. [from conse- 
 quenlial.] 
 
 1. With just deduction of consequences; 
 with right connexion of ideas. 
 
 Nobody writes a book without meaning some- 
 thing though he may not have the faculty of wrU- 
 ixig consequentially, and expressing his meaning. 
 
 Addison's Tr/(/^ Yxaminer. 
 
 2. By consequence ; not immediately ; 
 eventually. 
 
 This relation is so necessary, that God himself 
 cannot discharge a rational creature from it ; al- 
 though consequentially indeed he may do so, by the 
 annihilation of such creatures. South. 
 
 3. In a regular series. 
 
 Were a man a king in his dreams, and a beggar 
 awake, and dreamt consequentially, and in con- 
 tinued unbroken schemes, would he be in reality 
 a king or a beggar ? Addison. 
 
 CoNSEtJUENTIALNESS. 71. S. [from CO?l- 
 
 sequential.'] Regular consecution of 
 discourse. Did. 
 
 Consequently, adv. [from conse- 
 quent.l 
 
 1. By consequence ; necessarily ; inevita- 
 bly ; by the connexion of effects to their 
 causes. 
 
 In the most perfect poem a perfect idea was re- 
 (juired, and consequently all poets ought rather to 
 imitate it. Un/den. 
 
 The place of the several sorts of tcrrestiial niat- 
 ter, sustained in the fluid, being contingent and 
 uncertain, their intermixtures with each odier are 
 consequently so. ' IVooduard. 
 
 2, In consequence ; ptirsuantly. 
 
 There is consequcnttif, upon this distinguishing 
 princiijle, an inward satisfaction or dissatisfaction 
 in tlie heart of every man, after good or evil. South. 
 Co'nsequentness. n. s. [from co7ise- 
 qaetit.] Regular connexion of proposi- 
 tions ; consecution of discourse. 
 
 Let them examine the conseqitentnessot the whole 
 boay of the doctrine 1 deliver. 
 
 iJigby on the Soul, Dedication. 
 
 Conse'rvable. adj. [from cvnservo, 
 Lat. to keep.] Capable of being kept, 
 or maintained. 
 
 CON 
 
 CoNSe'rvancy. n. s. [from conservans, 
 Lat.] Courts held by the 1-ord Mayor 
 of London, for the preservation of the 
 fishery on the river Thames, are called 
 Courts of Conservancy. 
 
 Conservation, n. s. [consavatio, 
 Lat] 
 
 1. The act of preserving ; care to keep 
 from perishing; continuance; protection. 
 
 Tliougli there do indeed hapjjen some altcr.i- 
 tions in the globe, yet they are such as tend rather 
 to the benefit an3 consereation of the earth, and 
 its productions, tlian to the disorder and destruc- 
 tion of both. Woodward's KaC. Hist. 
 
 2. Preservatipn from coiTuption. 
 
 It is an enquiry of excellent use, to enquire of 
 the means of preventing or staying of putref;ic- 
 tion ; for therein consisteth the means of conserva- 
 tion of bodies. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 Conse'rvative. adj. [from eonservo, 
 Lat.] Having the power of opposing 
 diminution or itijury. 
 
 The sjtherical figure, as to all heavenly bodies, 
 so it agrceth to light, as the most perfect and con- 
 servatire of all others. Pcacham. 
 
 Conserva'tor. n. s. [Lat.] Preserver; 
 one that has the care or office of keep- 
 ing any thing froiTi detriment, diminu- 
 tion, or extinction. 
 
 For that you declare th.at you have ra.any sick 
 amongst you, he was warned by the conservator 
 of the city, that he should keep at a distance. 
 
 Bacon's New -Itlanlis. 
 
 The lords of the secret council were likewise 
 made conservators of the peace of the two king- 
 doms, during the intervals of parliament. Clareiul. 
 
 Such individuals as are the single conservators of 
 their own species. Hale's llrigin of Mankind. 
 
 Conse'rvatory. 71. s. [from coisiTiy), 
 Lat.] A place where any thing is kept 
 in a manner proper to its peculiar nature, 
 as, fish in a pond, corn in a granary. 
 
 A constrvatorij of snow and ire, such as they use 
 for delicacy to cool wine in suiunier. 
 
 JUcon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 You may set your tender trees and plants, with 
 the windows and doors of the greenhouses and 
 conservatories open, for eight or ten days before 
 April. Kveiiin's Kalcndar. 
 
 The water dispensed to the earth and atmo- 
 sphere by the great abyss, that subterranean con- 
 servatory, is by that means restored back.^ 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Conse'rvatory. adj. Having a preser- 
 vative quality. Diet. 
 To CONSERVE, v. a. [conse7-vo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To preserve without loss or detriment. 
 
 Nothing was lost out of these stores, since the 
 art of conserring what others have gained in know - 
 ledi;e is easy. Temjile. 
 
 They will" be able to consei-ve their properties 
 unchanged in passin"; throush several mediums ; 
 which is another condition ot the rays of light. 
 Xeiton's Ojiticks. 
 
 2. To candy or pickle fruit. 
 Conse'rve. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A sweetmeat made of the inspissated 
 juices of frtiit, boiled with sugar till 
 they will harden and candy. 
 
 Will't please your honour taste of these con- 
 serves ? Shakesp. 
 
 Thev hive in Turkey and the East certain con- 
 feclioils, which tlu-y call servets, which are like 
 to candid conserves, and are made of sugar and 
 lemons. Bacon's A(it. Hist. 
 
 The more cost they were at, and the more sweets 
 thev bestowed upon them, tlie more their consenes 
 stuiik. _ Dennis. 
 
 2. A conservatory or place in which any 
 thing is kept. Tliis sense is uiiusual. 
 
 CON 
 
 Tulieroses will not endure the wet of this sea- 
 son ; therefore set the pots into your r.msare, and 
 kei|; them dry. Lielyn's Kalcndar. 
 
 CoNsii'KVER. n. s. [from tcn»( Iff.] 
 1. A layer up; arepositor; one that pie- 
 serves any thing from loss or diminution, 
 lie hath been most iiiduslrious both collector 
 and conse^vcr of choice pieces in that kind. 
 
 Haytatrd. 
 In the Eastern regions there seems to have been 
 a general custom of the priests having been the 
 perpetual consereers of knowledge and story. 
 
 7'cmj)/c. 
 ■1. A preparer of conserves. 
 Conse'ssion. n. s. [consessio, Lat.] A 
 sitting together. Diet. 
 
 Conse'ssor. h. «. [Lat.] One that sits 
 with others. Diet. 
 
 To CONSIDER, v. a. [considero, Lat.] 
 
 1. To think upon with care ; to ponder; 
 to examine ; to sift ; to study. 
 
 ;Vt our more cmtsider'd time we'll read, 
 Answer, and think upon this business. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlti. 
 
 2. To take into the view ; not to omit in 
 the examination. 
 
 It seems necessary in the choice of persons for 
 greater eniploynienis, to consider their bodies as 
 well as tiicir minds and ages and health as well as 
 their abilities. Ten.ple. 
 
 3. To have regard to ; to respect ; not to 
 despise. 
 
 Let us consider one another to provoke unto love, 
 and to good works. Hebreus, x. -4. 
 
 4. In the imperative mood it is a kind of 
 inteijettion ; a word whereby attention 
 
 is summoned. 
 
 Consider, 
 Thy life hath yet been private, most part spent 
 Al home. Milton's Par. Re;;ained, 
 
 5. To requite ; to reward one for his 
 trouble. 
 
 Take away with thoe the very services thou 
 hast done, w"hicli if I have not enough coiisii'orfd, 
 to be more thankful to thee shall be ray studv. 
 
 Shakeq). It'intcr's Tate. 
 
 To Consi'der. r. n. 
 
 1 . To think maturely : not to judge 
 hastily or rashly. 
 
 None considercth in Iiis heart, neither is there 
 knowledge nor understanding. Isaiah, \\'i\. 1, 
 
 2. To deliberate ; to work in the mind. 
 Widow, we will r™isic(crof vour suit ; 
 
 And come some other lime to £now our mind. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Such a treatise might he consulted by jurymen. 
 
 bel'oie they consider of their verdict. Suijl. 
 
 3. To dotibt ; to hesitate. 
 
 Many maz'd consideriii^s did throng. 
 Ami press'd in with this caution. Sliak. W.VIII. 
 'Twas grief no more, or grief and rage were one 
 Within her soul ; at last 'twas rage aloiie ; 
 Which burning upwards, in succession dries 
 The tears that stood ceiisidcringin hereycs. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 Consi'deRABLE. adj. [from consirier.] 
 
 1. Worthy of consideration ; worthy of 
 regnrd and attention. 
 
 Eternity is iulinilelv tlie most cons'idcrahlt dura 
 tion. " Titlotsoa 
 
 It is consideraUe. that some urns have liad in. 
 scriplions on llicm, expressing tliat the lamps were 
 burning. IVittim. 
 
 2. Respectable; above neglect; deser\'- 
 
 ing notice. 
 
 Jlen ceiiti<(fra6(<! in all worthy professions, emi- 
 nent in nianv wavs of life. Spralt's Scr'i.^ns. 
 
 1 am so c'onsid'ernbte a man, that I eaniun lia-e 
 less than forty shillings a year. Addis. Firehotder. 
 
 3. Important; valiiable. 
 
 3S7
 
 CON 
 
 Christ, instead of applauding St. Peter's zeal, 
 upbraided his absurdity, lliat coidd think his mean 
 aids ctnisitleivble to him, who could command le- 
 gions of angels to his rescue. Vvaiu of Pictii. 
 
 Ill painting, not every action, nor every persoli. 
 is considerable enough to enter into the clotti, 
 
 Drijdcns DuJ'resnoi/. 
 
 Many can make tlicmselves masters of as comi- 
 tlcrabU estates as those who have the greatest por- 
 tions of land. Addison. 
 
 4. More than a little. It has a middle 
 signification between little and great. 
 
 Many brouglit in very considemhle sums of mo- 
 ney. Clarendon. 
 
 Very probably a coniUlerable part of tlie carlli 
 is vet unknown. Wilkim. 
 
 Those earthy particles, when they came to be 
 collected, would constitute a body of a very con- 
 siderable thickness and solidity. 
 
 Burnet'sYheory of the Earth - 
 
 Every cough, though severe, and of souie con- 
 siderable continuance, is not of a consumptive 
 nature, nor presages dissolution and the grave. 
 
 lilackmore. 
 
 Consi'derableness. n. s. [froni con- 
 siderabie.] Importance ; dignity ; mo- 
 ment; value; desert; a claim to notice. 
 
 We must notalways measure the coiisidcrahUncss 
 of things by their most obvious and immediate 
 usefulness, "but by their fitness to make or contri- 
 bute to the discovery of things highly useful. 
 
 Boyle. 
 Their most slight and trivial occurrences, t)y 
 being their s, they tiiink acquire a cotisidcrabkness, 
 and are forcibly imposed upon the corapaiw. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Consi'derably. adiK [from consider- 
 able] 
 
 1. In a degree deserving notice^ though 
 not the highest. 
 
 And Europe slill considerably gains 
 Both by their good example and their pains. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 2. With importance ; importantly. 
 
 I desire no sort of favour so much, as that of 
 serving you more consida-ably than I have been 
 yet able to do. Pope. 
 
 Consi'derance. n. s, [from consi- 
 der.] Consideration; reflection; sober 
 thought. 
 
 After this cold considerance, sentence rae ; 
 And as you are a king, speak in your state ■' ■ 
 ^Vhat I nave done that misbecame my place. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry XY. 
 
 Consi'derate. adj. \co7isldcratus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Serious; given to consideration ; pru- 
 dent ; not rash ; not ne<^ligent. 
 
 twill converse with iron-witted fools. 
 And unrespective boys : none are for rae, 
 Thai look nito rae with c<yii&ideratc eyes. 
 
 Shakesp". Richard III. 
 
 ^neas is patient, considerate, an<l careful of 
 his [)eo;ilf. IJrydcns Fables^ Preface. 
 
 L grant it to be in many cases certain, that it is 
 sucli as a considerate man may prudently rely and 
 proceed upon, and hath no just cause to douot of. 
 
 Tillotsoii. 
 
 The expediency, in the present juncture, may 
 appear to every cojisiderate man. Addison. 
 
 2. Having respect to ; regardful. Little 
 used. 
 
 Though they will do nothing for virtue, yet 
 
 they may be presumed more comiderate of praise. 
 
 Decay of Piety, 
 
 3. Moderate ; not rigorous. This sense 
 is much used in conversation. 
 
 Considerately. adt\ [from co?isi- 
 derate.] Calmly ; coolly ; prudently. 
 
 Circu'iistances are of such force, as they sway 
 an ordinary judgment of a wise man, not fully 
 and considerately pondering the matter. 
 
 Bacon's Colours if Good and Kvd. 
 
 Consi'derateness, «. 5, [from consi- 
 
 C O N 
 
 derate.] Tlie quality of being consi- 
 derate ; prudence. £>ict. 
 Consideration, n. 5. [^rom consider.] 
 
 1 . The act of considering ; mental view ; 
 regard ; notice. 
 
 As to present happiness and misery, when that 
 nione comes in consideration, and tlie consequences 
 are removed, a man never chuscs amiss. Locke. 
 
 2. Mature thought; prudence; serious 
 deliberation. 
 
 Let us think with consideration, and consider 
 with acknowledging, and acknowledge with ad- 
 miration. Sidney. 
 
 The breath no sooner left his father's body. 
 But thai his wildness mortified in him ; 
 Con.<iideration, like an angel, cane. 
 And whipt th' offending Adam out of him. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V, 
 
 3. Contemplation ; meditation upon any 
 thing. 
 
 The love you bear to Mopsa hath brought you 
 to the consideration of her virtues, and that consi- 
 deration may have made you the more virtuous, 
 and so tlie more wo'thy. Sidney. 
 
 4. Importance ; claim to notice ; worthi 
 ness of regard. 
 
 Lucan is the oidy author of consideration among 
 the Ltuin poets, wlio was not explained for the 
 use of the dauphin ; because the whule Pharsalia 
 would have been a satire upon tlie French form of 
 government. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 5. Ecjuivalent; compensation. 
 We are provident enough not to part with any 
 
 thing serviceable to our bodies under a good con- 
 sideration, but make little account of our souls. 
 
 Ray on the Creadon. 
 Poreigners can never take our bills for pay- 
 ment, though they might pass as valuable consi- 
 derations among our own people. Locke. 
 
 6. Motive of action ; influence ; ground 
 of conduct. 
 
 The co7tsiderntion, in regard whereof the law 
 forbiddeth these things, was not because those 
 nations did use them. Hooker. 
 
 He had been made general upon very partial, 
 and not enough deliberated, considerations. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 He was obliged, antecedent to all other considc- 
 rationSf to search an asylum. Dryden. 
 
 The world cannot pardon your concealing it, 
 on the same cotisideration. Dryden. 
 
 7. Reason ; ground of concluding. 
 
 Not led by any commandment, yet moved with 
 such cojisideratiojis as have been before set down. 
 
 Hooker, 
 
 Uses, not thought upon before, be reasonable 
 causes of retaining that which other considerations 
 did procure to be instituted. Hooker. 
 
 8. [In law.] Consideration is the mate- 
 rial cause of a contract^ without which 
 no contract bindeth. It is either ex- 
 pressed, as if a man bargain to give 
 twenty shillings for a horse ; or else im- 
 plied, as when a man comes into an inn, 
 and taking both meat and lodging for 
 himself and his horse, without bargain- 
 ing with the host, if he discharge not 
 the house, the host may stay his horse. 
 
 Coivell. 
 Consi'derer. n. s, [from considej-,] A 
 man of reflection ; a thinker. 
 
 A vain applause of wit for an impious jest, or 
 of reason for a deep considerer. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Consi'dering. [This is a kind of con- 
 junction : it had been more grammati- 
 cally written considered; vu, Fr. ; but 
 considering is always used.] If allow- 
 ance be made for. 
 
 CON 
 
 It is not 'possible to act otherwise, considering 
 the weakness of our nature. Sjicctnlor. 
 
 To CONSIGN. V. a. [consigno. Lit.] 
 
 1 . To give to another any thing, with the 
 right to it, in a formal manner ; to give 
 into other hands ; to transfer; some- 
 times with to, sometimes over to. 
 
 Men, by free gift, consign over a ]>lace to tlie 
 Divine worship. South. 
 
 Must T pass 
 Again to nothing, wlien tliis vital breath 
 Ceasing, consigns me o'er to rest and death ? 
 
 Prior. 
 
 At the 'iaj of general account, good men are 
 
 then to be cnnsigited over to another state, a state 
 
 of evcrlastuig love and charity. Attcrbury. 
 
 2. To appropriate ; to quit for a certain 
 purpose. 
 
 The French commander consigned it (o the use 
 for which it was intended by the donor. 
 
 Drydcns Fables, Dedication. 
 
 3. To commit ; to entrust. 
 Tlie four evangelists consigned to writing tPiat 
 
 bistory. Adjiiion. 
 
 Atrides, parting for the Trojan war. 
 Consign d the youtliful consort to his care. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 To Consi'gn. v. n. 
 
 1. To submit to the same terms with an- 
 other. This is not now in use. 
 
 Thou hast iinisb'd joy and moan j 
 All lovers young, all lovers must 
 Consign to thee, and come to dust. Shahesp. Cymb. 
 
 2. To sign ; to consent to. Obsolete. 
 A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson 
 
 of modesty : it were a hard condition for a maid 
 to consign to. Hhakesp. 
 
 Consigna'tion. n. s. [from consign.] 
 
 1. The act of consigning ; the act by which 
 any thing is delivered up to another. 
 
 As the hope of salvation is a good disposition 
 towards it, so is despair a certain consignation to 
 eternal ruin. Taylcr. 
 
 2. The act of signing. 
 
 If we find that we increase in duty, then ve 
 
 may look upon the tradition of tlie liolv sacr.t- 
 
 mental symbols as a direct consignation of 'pardon. 
 
 Taylor's Worthy Communicant. 
 
 Consi'gnment. n. s. [from consign.'] 
 
 1. The act of consigning. 
 
 2. The writing by which any thing is 
 consigned. 
 
 Consi'milar. adj. [from consimilis, 
 Lat.] Having one common reiiemblance. 
 
 Diet. 
 roCONSrST. »■. n. [consisto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To subsist; not to perish. 
 He is before ail things, and by him all things 
 
 consist. Colossiiins. 
 
 2. To continue fixed, without dissipation. 
 
 Flame doth not mingle with flame, as air doth 
 with air, or water with water, but only remainetb 
 contiguous ; as it Cometh to pass betwixt consist- 
 ing; bodies. Bacons Xat. Hist. 
 
 it is against the nature of water, being a flexible, 
 and ponderous body, to consist and stay itself, and 
 not fail to the lower parts about it. 
 
 hrereivvodon I^anguagea. 
 
 3. To be comprised ; to be contained. 
 I pretend not to lie the hands of artists whose 
 
 skill consists only in a certain manner which they 
 have alfccted. Dryden. 
 
 A great beauty of letters does often consist in 
 little passages of private conversation, and refer- 
 ences to particular matters. Walsh. 
 
 4. To be composed. 
 
 The land would consist of plains, and vailies, 
 and mountains, according as the pieces of this 
 ruin were disposed. Bttrnet. 
 
 5. To have being concurrently ; to co- 
 exist. 
 
 3 US
 
 CON 
 
 Necessity and election cannot consist 'oge''""' 
 in the same act. Bramhall agmnst Huhbes. 
 
 C. To agree ; not to oppose ; not to con- 
 traclict ; not to counteract : it has it'iVA be- 
 fore the thing compared, or coexistent. 
 
 His majesty would be willing to consent to any 
 tiling that could cmiaist with his conscience and 
 honour. . Ci««n,/«>. 
 
 Nothing but what may easily cmnst uith your 
 plenty, \our prosperity, is requested of you. 
 t^ ■'• ■> > r ./ Spratts Scrmmts. 
 
 You could not help bestowing more than is con- 
 iiitiug with the fortune of a private man, or with 
 the will of any but an Alexander. 
 
 Dryden's FaHes, Dedication. 
 
 It cannot corwist mth the Divine Attributes, that 
 the impious man's joys should, upon the whole, 
 exceed those of the upright. Atterbnrtj. 
 
 Heallli consists with temperance alone. 1 "pc. 
 
 The only way of securing the constitution will 
 be bv lessening the power of domeslick adver- 
 saries, as much as can cotisist with lenity. Swijt. 
 
 CoNSi'sTENCE. \ 71. s. [conststentia, 
 CONSI'STENCY. jlow Lat.] 
 
 1. State with respect to material exist- 
 ence. 
 
 Water, being divided, makcth many circles, till 
 it restore itsclfto the natural comistence. 
 
 Bncon's Nat. Htst. 
 
 The consistencies of bodies are very divers : dense, 
 rare, tangible, puenmatical, volatile, fixed, deter- 
 minate, indeterminate, hard, and soft. 
 
 Biicon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 There is the same necessity for the Divine in- 
 fluence and reuimen, to order and govern, con- 
 serve and kecp"logethcr, the universe in that con- 
 sistence it halh received, as it was at first to give it, 
 before it could receive it. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 I carried on my enquiries farther.'to try whe- 
 ther this rising world, when formed and finished, 
 •would continue always the same, in the same form, 
 structure, and consistency. ^ Burnet. 
 
 2. Degree of tlenseness or rarity. 
 Let the expressed juices be boiled into the con- 
 
 •istence of a syrup. Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 3. Substance ; form ; make. 
 His friendship is of a noble make, and a lasting 
 
 cmisistency. South's Sermons. 
 
 4. Durable or lasting state. 
 Meditation will confirm resolutions of good, 
 
 and give them a durable cmisisience in the soul. 
 
 Hammond. 
 These are fundamental truths that lie at the 
 bottom, the basis upon which many others rest, 
 and in wliich they have their comistencies teeming 
 and rich in store, with which they furnish the 
 mind. _ Locke. 
 
 5. Agreement with itself, or with any 
 other thing ; congruity ; uniformity. 
 
 That consistency of behaviour, whereby he in- 
 flexibly pursues those measures which appear the 
 most just and eiiuitable. Addis. Freeholder. 
 
 6. A state of rest, in which things capable 
 of growth or decrease continue for some 
 time at a stand, without either ; as the 
 growth, consistence, and return. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 CON 
 
 To comfort ; To console ; to sooth in 
 misery. Not much used. 
 
 I will begone. 
 That pitiful rumour may report my flight. 
 To comotate thine ear. 
 
 Shakesp. All's welt that ends trtlt. 
 What may somewhat consolate all men that ho- 
 nour virtue, we do not discover the latter scene 
 of his misery in authors of antinui'.y. 
 
 JirouTi's Vutg. Err. 
 
 po^rd^scribe-sthem consistently with it: they are CoNSOLA'TION. n.S. [consolttlio, Lat.] 
 proud, idle, and efteminate. Broome, i Comfort, alleviation ot misery, sucti 
 
 CON 
 
 2. Firm ; not fluid. I 
 
 Pestilential miasms insinuate into the humoral 
 and coruistcT.J parts of the body. I 
 
 Harrcy on Comumptiom. 
 
 The sand, contained within the shell, becoming 
 solid and can'iisteiU, at the same liiuethat of the 
 stratum without it did. IVoodwnrd's Kat. Hist. | 
 
 CoNSi'sTENTLY. udv. [t'lom cunsistent.y 
 
 Without contradiction ; agreeably. | 
 
 The PhrHiiicians arc of this character, and the 
 
 CoNSi'STENT. adj. [consistens, Lat] 
 1. Not contradictory ; not opposed. 
 
 With reference to such a lord, to serve, and to 
 be free, are terms not consistent only, butequiva- 
 ient. South. 
 
 A great part of their politicks others do not 
 think co)isis(e7iC with honour to practise. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 On their own axis as the planets run, 
 Yet make at once their circle round the sun ; 
 So two cemsistent motions act the soul, 
 And one regards itself, and one the whole. 
 
 Pi>pe's Essays. 
 
 Shew me one that has it in his power 
 To act conistent with himself an nour. Pope. 
 
 The fool consistent, and the false sincere. Pope. 
 
 pro„. . 
 
 CoNsisTo'RiAL. adj. [trom conststor!/.] 
 Relating to the ecclesiastical court. 
 
 An official, or chancellor, has the same consisto- 
 rial audience with the bishop himself that deputes 
 l,ii„, Ayliffc's Parergon. 
 
 CONSISTORY, n. s. iconsislorium, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The place of justice in the court Chris- 
 tian. Cotvcll. 
 
 An offer was made, that, for every one minister, 
 there should be two of the people to sit and give 
 voice in the ecclesiastical consistory. Hooker, 1 rcj. 
 
 Pius was then hearing of causes in consistory. 
 
 Biicon. 
 
 Christ himself, in that great consistory, shall 
 deign to step down from his throne. South, 
 
 2. The assembly of cardinals. 
 How far I've proceeded. 
 
 Or how far further shall, is warranted 
 By a commission from the consistory. 
 Yea. the whole consist'ry of Rome. Shak. H.VIII. 
 A late prelate, of remarkable zeal fcr the church, 
 were religions to be tried by lives, would have 
 lived down the pope and the whole consistory. 
 
 Alterbury. 
 
 3. Any solemn assembly. 
 
 In mid air 
 
 To council summons all his mighty peers 
 Within thick clouds, and dark, tenfold involv'd, 
 A gloomy consistory. Milton's Parad. Reg. 
 
 At Jove's assent, the deities around 
 In solemn state the consistory crowii'd. 
 
 Pope's Statius. 
 
 4. Place of residence. 
 
 My other self, my counsel's consistory, my oracle, 
 I, as a clild, will go by thy direction. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 CoNSO'ciATE. n.s. [from conwc/o, Lat.] 
 An accomplice ; a confederate ; a part- 
 ner. 
 
 Patridge and Stanhope were condemned as con- 
 socintes in the conspiracy of Somerset. Hayuard. 
 
 To CONSO'CIATE. v. a. [cousocio, Lat] 
 
 1. To unite; to join. 
 
 Generally the best outward shapes are also the 
 likeliest to' he consociatcd w ith gnud inward facul- 
 ties. IVotlon on Education. 
 
 2. To cement ; to hold together. 
 
 The ancient philosophers always brought in a 
 supernatural principle to unite and consocicte the 
 parts of the chaos. Burnet. 
 
 To CoNSo'ciATE. V. n. To coalesce; to 
 
 unite. 
 
 If they cohered, yet by the next conflict with 
 other atoms they might be separated again, with- 
 out ever consociating into the liuge condense bodies 
 of planets. Bcntky's Sermons. 
 
 Consocia'tion. n. s. [from consuciate.] 
 
 1. Alliance. 
 
 There is such a comoeiation of olfices between 
 the prince and whom his favour breeds, that they 
 may help to sustain his power, as he their know- 
 ledge. Ben Jonson's Discoveries. 
 
 2. Union ; intimacy ; companionship. 
 By so long and so various consociation with a 
 
 prince, he had now gotten, as it were, two_ lives 
 m his own fortune and greatnesss. Wotton. 
 
 Conso'lable. arf;'. [from console.] That 
 
 which admits comfort. 
 To Co'NsoLATE. I', a. [consoler, Lat.] 
 
 alleviation as is produced by partial 
 
 remiedies. 
 
 We, that were in the jaws of death, were now 
 hrougiit into a place where we found iiotiiing but 
 cimsoiations. _ liucon. 
 
 Against such cruelties. 
 With inward consolations recompens'd ; 
 And oft supported so, as shall amaze 
 Their proudest persecutors. Milton's Parad. l/xt. 
 
 Let the righteous persevere with patience, sup- 
 ported with this cmisoiution, that their labour shall 
 not be in vain. Rogers. 
 
 Consola'tor. n. s. [Lat.] A comforter. 
 Conso'latory. n.s. [from consolate.] 
 
 A speech or writing containing topicks 
 
 of comfort. 
 
 ConsolotoricJ writ 
 With studied argument, aud much persuasion 
 
 sought. 
 Lenient of grief and anxious thought. 
 
 Mdlon's Agonistes. 
 
 Conso'latory. adj. [from consolate.] 
 Tending to give comfort. 
 
 To CONSOLE, v.a. [con.wlor, Lat.] To 
 comfort, to cheer, to free from the 
 sense of misery. 
 
 Others the syren sisters compass round, 
 And empty heads console with empty sound. 
 
 Pope's Dunciaa. 
 
 CONSOLE, n.s. [Fr.] In architecture, 
 is a part or member projecting in inan- 
 ner of a bracket, or shoulder-piece, 
 serving to support a cornice, bust, vase, 
 beam, and frequently used as keys of 
 arches. Chambers. 
 
 Consoler, n.s. [from con«o/f.] One 
 that gives comfort. 
 
 Pride once more appears upon the stage, as the 
 great consoler of the miseries of mail. 
 
 Comment, on Pope s Essay on Man. 
 
 CoNSo'LiDANT. adj. [from consolidate.] 
 That wliich has the quality of uniting 
 wounds. 
 
 To CONSO'LID.XTE. v. a. [consolider, 
 Fr. solidus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To form into a compact aud solid body, 
 to harden ; to unite into a solid mass. 
 
 The word may he rendered, either he stretched, 
 or he lixed and consolidated, the earth above the 
 waters. J!>.rn.Cs The.rry. 
 
 The clfect of spirits in stopping hemorrhages, 
 and cmsolidating the fibres, is well known to chi- 
 nirgeons. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. To combine or unite two parliamen- 
 tary bills into one. 
 
 To CoNSo'LiDATE. V. n. To grow firm, 
 
 hard, or solid. 
 
 In hurls and ulcers in the head, dryness makcth 
 th. Ill more apt to consaliJate. Bacon's Aot. Hist. 
 
 Thesandv, sparrv, and flinty matter was then 
 soft and susceptible of any form in these shehy 
 moulds ; aud it consolidolcW and became hard after- 
 ^vards. H'oodtraidJ A at. Hist- 
 
 Consohda'tion. n. s. [from consoli- 
 date.] 
 
 S89
 
 CON 
 
 1. The act of uniting into a solid mass. 
 
 The consoUdiUton of the marble, and of the stone, 
 dill not fall out ill liiiuluin. Wmiiwurd's Nut. Hist. 
 
 2. The annexing of one bill in parliament 
 to another. 
 
 3. In law, it is iisctl for the combining 
 and uniting of two benefices in one. 
 
 Coivdl. 
 CoNSOLIDATlvE. (ulj. [from consoli- 
 date] That Avhich has the quality of 
 healing woundi-. JJict. 
 
 Consonance, i ji. s. [consonance, Fr. 
 Co'nsonancy. I consonans, Lat.] 
 t. Accord of sound. 
 
 The two principal cnti.fiinmirfs that most ravish 
 the ear, are by the consent of all nature, the liftli 
 and the octave. Wotton. 
 
 And whids and waters flow''d 
 In consonance. Tliomson's Spring. 
 
 2. Consistency; congruence; agreeable- 
 
 ness. 
 
 Such decisions held consonancy and congruity 
 with resolutions and decisions of 'former times. 
 
 Ilale's Law of England. 
 
 I have set down this, to shew the perfect con- 
 sonajicy of our persecuted church to tlie doctrine 
 of borfpture and antiquity. Hammond on Fundam. 
 
 3. Agreement ; concord ; friendship. A 
 sense now not used. 
 
 Let ine conjure you by the rights of our fellow- 
 ship, by the consonunci/ of our youtli. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 CO'NSONANT. adj. [consonans, Lat.J 
 Agreeable ; according ; consistent ; fol- 
 lowed by either with or to. 
 
 Were it consonant unto reason to divorce these 
 sentences, the former of which doth shew iiow 
 the latter is restrained. Hooker. 
 
 That where much is given there shall be much 
 
 require. 1, is a thing comonant with natural eqinty. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Religion Ipoks cmsonant to itself. Decay of Piety. 
 
 He discovers liow consonant the account which 
 Moses hath left of the primitive earth, is (o tliis 
 from nature. Woodward. 
 
 Co NSONANT. n. s. [consonans, Lat.] A 
 letter which cannot be sounded, or but 
 imperfectly, by itself. 
 
 In all vowe"is the passage of the mouth is open 
 and free, without any appulse of an organ of 
 speech to another : but in all consonants iliere is 
 an appulse of the organs, sumelinies (if you ab- 
 stract the cOTsmM/ifs from the vowels) wholly pre- 
 cluding all sound; anil, in all of them, more or 
 less checking and abetting it. 
 
 Holder^s Elements of Speech . 
 
 He considered these as they had a greater mix- 
 ture of vowels or comonants , and accordingly em- 
 ployed them as theverse remiiresagreatersmoolh- 
 iies's. ropers Essay on Hornets. 
 
 Co'nsonantly. adv. [from consonant.] 
 Consistently ; agreeably. 
 
 This as consonantly it preacheth, teacheth, and 
 dclivereth, as if but one tongue did speak for all. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Ourselves are formed according to that mind 
 
 which frames things consonantly to Ihcir respective 
 
 natures. Gtanvilie's Scepsis. 
 
 If he will speak coRSonant/t/ to himself, he must 
 
 say that happened in the origmal constitution. 
 
 Tillulsan. 
 
 Co'nsonantness. n. s. [from conso- 
 na7it.] -4greeableness ; consistency. 
 
 Did. 
 Co'nsonous. adj. [co7isonns, Lat.] 
 
 Agreeing in sound; symphonious. 
 Consopia'tion. n. s. [from consopio, 
 Lat.] The act of laying to sleep. Little 
 m use. 
 One of his niAxims is, that a total abstinence 
 
 CON 
 
 from intemperance is no more philosophy, than .' 
 total consopialion of the senses is repose. 
 
 JJigby to Pope 
 
 CO'NSORT. n. s. [consors, Lat. It had 
 anciently the accent on the latter syl- 
 lable, but has it now on the former. 
 liJilton has used them both.] 
 
 1 . Companion ; partner ; generally a part- 
 ner of the bed ; a witie or husband. 
 
 Veliowsllip, 
 Such as I seek, tit to participate 
 All rational delight ; wherein the brute 
 Cannot be human ctmsori. Milton. 
 
 Male he created thee, but tliy consort 
 Female for race ; then bless'd mankind, and said, 
 Be fruitful, niulti[)ly, and fill the earth. 
 
 MUtons Paradise Lost. 
 
 Thy Bellona, who thy consort came 
 Not only to thy bed, but to thy fame. Denham. 
 
 He single cliose to live, and shuiui'd to wed, 
 Well pleas'd to want a consort of his bed. 
 
 Drtidens Fables. 
 
 His warlike aniazon her host invades, 
 Th' imperial consort of the crown of spades. Pope. 
 
 2. An assembly ; a divan; a consultation. 
 
 In one consort there sat 
 Cruel revenge, and rancorous despite, 
 Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate. Fairy Q. 
 
 3. A number of instruments ])lnying to- 
 gether ; a symj)hony. This is probably 
 a mistake for concert. 
 
 A consort of musick in a banquet of whie, is as 
 a signet of carbuncle set in gold. Ecclus. xxxii. 5. 
 
 4. Concurrence ; union. 
 
 Take it singly, and it carries an air of levity ; 
 but, in consort with the rest, has a meaning quite 
 ditVcrent. Atterhnry. 
 
 To Conso'rt. v. n. [from the noiui.] 
 To associate with; to unite with; to 
 keep company with. 
 
 What will you do ? Let's not comort with them. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Which of the Grecian chiefs consorfs with thee ? 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 To Conso'rt. v. a. 
 
 1. To join; to mix; to marry. 
 
 He, with his consorted Eve, 
 The story heard attentive. JlIi7(oji's Far. Lost. 
 
 He begins to consort himself with men, and 
 thinks himself one. Locke on Education. 
 
 2. To accompany. Not used. 
 
 I'll meet with yon ujion the mart, 
 And afterward consort you till bed time. Shakesp. 
 Conso'rtable. adj. [from consort.] To 
 be compared with ; to be ranked with ; 
 suitable. Not used 
 
 He was eonsortable to Charles Brandon, under 
 Henry Vlil. who was equal to hioi. Wotton. 
 
 Conso'rtion. n. s. [con.iorlio, hsA.] 
 Partnership ; fellowship ; society. 
 
 Did. 
 Conspe'ctable. adj. [from conspectus, 
 Lat.] Easy to be .seen. Did. 
 
 Conspectu'ity, re. s. [from conspectus, 
 Lat.] Sight ; view ; sense of seeing. 
 This word is, I beWeve, peculiar to 
 Shakespeare, and periiiips romipt. 
 
 What harm can your bissou conspectuities glean 
 out of this character? Shakesp. Coriolanus 
 
 Conspe'rsion. n. s. [conspcrsio, l.at.] 
 A sprinkling about. Die/. 
 
 CoNSPicu'lTY. n. s. [from conspicuous.] 
 Brightness ; favourableness to the sight. 
 If this deljiiidon be clearer than the thing de- 
 fined, midnight may vie for conspicvity with noon. 
 Glanrille's Scqysis. 
 
 CONSPICUOUS, udj. [conspicuus, Ut.] 
 1. Obvious to the sight; seen at a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 CON 
 
 (y( come I less conspicuous? Or what change 
 Absents thee ? Milton's Parad. Lull. 
 
 2. Eminent ; famous ; distinguished. 
 
 He attributed to each of tliem that virtue which 
 he thought luo^t consjncnousin them. 
 
 Dryikn's Juvenal, Dedication. 
 Thy father's merit points thee out to view. 
 And sets thee in the fairest jioiiit of liglit, 
 To make thy virtues or thy faults conspieuirus. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 The ttouse of lords, 
 Conspicnons scene ! Pope's Epist. of Horace. 
 
 CoNspi'cuousLY. adv. [from conspicu- 
 ous.] 
 
 1. Obviously to the view. 
 
 These methods may be preserved conspiciimisly, 
 and intirely distinct. Watls's Logick. 
 
 2. Eminently ; famously ; remarkably. 
 CoNSPi'cuousNESS. w. s. [from conspi- 
 cuous.] 
 
 1 . Exposure to the view ; state of being 
 visible at a distance. 
 
 Looked on willi such a weak light they appear 
 well proportioned fabricks ; yet they ajipear so 
 but in that twilight, which is requisite to their 
 conspicitousncss. Bottle's Proem. Essay, 
 
 2. Eminence ; fame ; celebrity. 
 
 Their wiilings attract more readers by the au- 
 thors co)ispicuousncss. Boyle on Coloun. 
 Conspi'racy. n. s. [conspiralio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A privnte agreement among several^per- 
 sons to commit some crime ; a plot ; a 
 concerted treason. 
 
 O conspiracy ! 
 Sham'st tlion to shew thy dang'rous brow by night, 
 Wlicn evils are most free ? Shak. Julias Casar, 
 
 I had forgot that foul conspiracti 
 Of tlie beast Caliban, and his confed'ratcs. 
 Against my life. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 \Vhen scarce he had escap'd the blow 
 Of faclitui and consi.irucy. 
 Death did his proniis'd hopes destroy. Dryden. 
 
 2. In law, an agieemeiit of men to do any 
 thing ; always taken in the evil part. It 
 is taken for a confederacy of two, at the 
 least, falsely to indict one, or to procure 
 one to be indicted, of felony. Coivell. 
 
 3. A concun-ence ; a general tendency of 
 many causes to one event. 
 
 When the time now came that misery was ripe 
 for him, there was a coiL^piracy 'm all heavenly and 
 earthly things, to frame lit occasions to lead him 
 unto it. Sidneii. 
 
 llie air appe.^ring so malicious in this morbilic 
 conspiracy, exacts a more particular regard. 
 
 Ilariiey on Ctmsnmptions. 
 
 Conspi'rant. adj. [conspirans, Lat.] 
 Conspiring ; engaging in a conspiracy 
 or plot; plotting. 
 
 Thou art a traitor, 
 Conspirant 'gainst this high illustrious prince. 
 
 Shakesp. tiiiig Lear. 
 Conspira'tion. n.s. [ronspir.jtio, Lat.] 
 An agreement of many to one end. 
 
 One would wonder Iiow, from so ditfering jire- 
 mises, they should infer the same conclusion, were 
 it not that the compintlion of interest were too 
 potent for the diversity of judgment. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Conspi'rator. n. s. A man engaged in 
 
 a plot; one who has secretly concerted 
 
 with others commission of a crime ; a 
 
 plotter. 
 
 Achitophel is amongst the onspirators with Ab- 
 DttJoiu. 2 Samu<i, 
 
 Stand back thou manifest conspirator ; 
 Thou that contrivcst to murder our dread lord, 
 
 Shakesp. Heniy VI. 
 But let the holdriTn^frtifor beware ; 
 For hcftv'n makas princes its pecul ar care. 
 
 Vrydeu's Spaniifi f'W- 
 3ti0
 
 CON 
 
 One put into his liand a note of tlie whole con- 
 agrtinsthim, together with all the names 
 
 South. 
 
 •piracy 
 
 of Iho cimsplratan. 
 
 To CONSl'I'llE. r, n. [conspiro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To concert a crime ; to plot ; to hatch 
 
 secret treason. 
 
 Tell me what they deserve, 
 That do cnr^spire my death with devilish plots 
 Of damnLd witchcraft. iViuto;). liich. III. 
 
 Wliat was it 
 Thatmov'd pale Cassius to conspire? 
 
 ahakcsj). Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 They took great indignation, and conspired 
 
 against the king. Ai>ocr>/}iha 
 
 Let the air he excluded ; for that undcrmineth 
 
 the body, and conspireth with the spirit of the 
 
 body to dissolve it. Pucon. 
 
 There is in man a natural possibility to destroy 
 
 the world ; that is, to conspire to know no woman. 
 
 Broiin's lidg. hrr. 
 
 The press, the pulpit, and the stage, 
 
 Co7ispire to censure and expose our age. Eoscom. 
 
 2. To agree together : as, all things con- 
 spire to make him happy. 
 
 So moist and dry, when Phcebus shines. 
 Conspiring give the" jilant to grow. Heigh. 
 
 CoNSPiRER. n. s. [from conspii-e.] A 
 conspirator ; a plotter. 
 
 Take no care, I 
 
 Who chafes, who frels, and where cmspirers are : 
 Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be. Shak._Macb. 
 
 Conspiring Poivcj-s. [In mechanicks.] 
 All such as act iit direction not opposite 
 to one another. Hariis. 
 
 CoNSPURCATlON. w. s. [from con- 
 spurco, Lat.] The act of defiling ; de- 
 filement ; pollution. 
 
 CONSTABLE, n. s. [comes stabvli, as it 
 is supposed.] 
 
 1. Lord high constable is an ancient officer 
 of the crown. The function of the con- 
 stable- of England consisted in the care 
 of the common peace of the land in 
 deeds of arms, and in matters of war. 
 • To the court of the constable and mar- 
 shal belonged the cognizance of con- 
 tracts, deeds of arms without the realm, 
 and combats and blazonry of arms 
 within it. The first constable of Eng- 
 land was created by the Conqueror, and 
 the office continued liereditary till the 
 thirteenth of Henry \'I1L when it was 
 laid aside, as being so powerful as to be- 
 come troublesome to the king. From 
 these mighty magistrates are derived the 
 inferiour constables of hundreds and 
 franchises ; two of whom were ordained, 
 in the thirteenth of Edward I. to be 
 chosen in every hundred, for the con- 
 servation of the peace, and view of ar- 
 mour. These are now called high co7i- 
 stablcs ; bec.iuse continuance of time, 
 and increase both of people and ofiences, 
 have occasioned others in every town of 
 inferiour atithority, called petty consta- 
 bles. Besides these, we have constables 
 denominated from particular places; as, 
 constable of the Tower, of Dover Castlt, 
 of the Castle of Carnarvon ; but these 
 are properly castellani, or governours of 
 castles. Cotvell. Chambers 
 
 When I came hither, I was lord high constable, 
 And duke of Buckingham; now poor Edward 
 Uohun. ihahc^. 
 
 C N 
 
 The knave cmvlahle had set me i' th' stocks, 
 i' th' common stocks, for a witch. | 
 
 Sluikesp. Mcrrii Wives of Windsor. 
 The constable being a sober man, and an enemy 
 to sedition, went to observe what they did. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 2. To over-run the Constable, [perhaps 
 from contistablr, Fr. the settled, firm, 
 and stated account.] To spend more 
 than what a man knows himself to be 
 wortli : a low phrase. 
 
 Co'nstableship. n.s. [h-om constable.] 
 The office of a constable. 
 
 This keencrship is annexed to the constahleship 
 of the castle, and that granted out in lease. 
 
 Ciirew's Suroep o] Cornwall. 
 
 Co'nstancy. n.s. [cons/a?(<ifl, Lat.] 
 
 1. Immutability; peqjetuity ; unalterable 
 
 continuance. 
 
 The laws of God himself no man will ever deny 
 to be of a dilTerent constitution from the former, 
 in respect of the one's constancy, and the inula- 
 bililyof the other. _ Hooker. 
 
 2. Consistency ; unvaried state. 
 Incredible, that constancy in such a variety, such 
 
 a multiijlicity, should be the result of chance. 
 
 Bay on the Creation. 
 
 3. Resolution ; firmness ; steadiness ; un- 
 shaken determination. 
 
 In a small isle, amidst the widest seas. 
 Triumphant constancy has hx'd her seat ; 
 In vain the syrens siiig, the tempests beat, " ' " 
 
 le same 
 South. 
 
 4. Lasting affection ; continuance of love, 
 or friendship. 
 
 Constiiney is such a stability and firmness of 
 friendship/ as overlooks and passes by lesser 
 failures of kindness, andyet still retains ih 
 habitual good-will to a friend. 
 
 .5. Certainty ; veracity : reality. 
 I'ut all the story of the night told over, 
 Store »ituesseth"lhan fancy's images. 
 And grows to something of great constancy, 
 But, however, strange and admirable, ihahesp. 
 
 CO'NSTANT. adj. [constans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Firm; fixed; not fluid. 
 
 If you take highly rectified spirit of wine, and 
 dephlegmed spirit of urine, and mix them, you 
 may turn these two fluid liquors into a constant 
 body. Bovte's Hist, nf Firmness. 
 
 •2. Unvaried; unchanged; immutable; 
 durable. 
 
 The world's a scene of changes, and to be 
 Con.sfniit, ill nature were inconstancy. _ Cowley. 
 
 3. Firm ; resolute ; determined ; immov- 
 able ; unshaken. 
 
 Some shrewd contents 
 Now steal the colour from Bassanio's cheek : 
 Some dear friend dead ; else iiothing in the world 
 Could turn so much the constitution 
 Of any constant man. Sliah. Mcrcliam of Venice. 
 
 4. Free from change of affection. 
 Bothlo\ing one fair maid, they yet remained 
 
 constant friends. Sid.iey. 
 
 5. Certain; not various; steady; firmly 
 adherent : with to. 
 
 Now through the land his care of souls he 
 stretch'd. 
 And like a primitive apostle preach'd ; 
 Still cheerful, ever constant to his call ; 
 By many follow'd, lov'd by most, admir'd by all. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 He shewed his lirm adherence to religion, as 
 modelled by our national constitution; and was 
 constant to its ortices in devotion, both in publick, 
 and in his family. Addis. Freeholder. 
 
 Co'nstantly. adv. [from constant.] 
 Unvariably j perpetually ; certainly ; 
 steadily. 
 
 It is strange that the fathers should never ap- 
 peal i nay, that thev should not conslantlu do it. 
 
 TiUotsem. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONSTELLATE, v. n. [constellatus. 
 Lat.] To join lustre; to shine with one 
 
 general light. 
 
 The several things which engage our affections 
 do, ill a transccnacnt manner, shine forth and 
 camtelUte in Ood. Boyl^ 
 
 To Constellate, v. a. To unite several 
 shining bodies in one .splendour. 
 
 Great ccmstitutions, and such as are constetlntcd 
 into knowledge, do nothing till they oulrto all. 
 
 Broun's I'ulg. Frr. 
 These scattered perfections, which were divided 
 among the several ranks of inferiour natures, were 
 summed up and constellated in ours. 
 
 Glanville's Scejais. 
 
 Constellation, n. s. [from constel- 
 late.] 
 
 1. A cluster of fixed stars. 
 
 For the stars of heaven, and the cmslellationt 
 thereof, shall not give tlieir liglit. Juiiah, xiii. 10. 
 
 'the earth, the air, resounded ; 
 1'hc heav'ns and all tlie cmstellatimis rung. 
 
 Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 A const i-llation is but one ; 
 Though 'tis a train of stars. Dryden. 
 
 2. -^n assemblage of splendours, or ex- 
 cellencies. 
 
 The condition is a conslelialion or conjuncture of 
 all those gospel graces, faith, hope, charity, self- 
 denial, repentance, and the rest. 
 
 Hammond's Pract. Catechism. 
 
 Consternation, n. s. [from conslerno, 
 Lat.] Astonishment; amazement ; alien- 
 ation of mind by a surprise; surprise; 
 
 wonder. 
 
 They find the same holy consternation upon 
 themselves that Jacob did at BeUiel, which lie 
 called the gale of heaven. South. 
 
 The natives, dubioos whom 
 Thev must oliev, in consternation wait 
 Tillrigid conquest will pronounce their liege. 
 
 Pniiipi. 
 
 To CONSTIPATE, v. a. \itomcmstipo, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To crowd together into a narrow room ; 
 to thicken ; to condense. 
 
 Of cold, the property is to condense and cnn- 
 stipate. , Bacon. 
 
 It may, by amassing, cooling, znA covstipativg 
 of waters, turn them into rain. Hav on the Crea. 
 
 There might arise some vertiginous motions or 
 whirlpools in the matter of the chaos, whereby 
 tlie atoms niiizht be thrust and crowded to the 
 middle of those whirpools, and there constipue 
 one another into great solid globes. Bcntlcy. 
 
 2. To stuff up, or stop by filling up the 
 
 passages. 
 
 It is not probable that any aliment should have 
 the quality of intirely const'ipating or shutting up 
 the capillary vessels. Arbnth. on AUm. 
 
 3. To bind the belly, or make costive. 
 Omitting hoiiev, which is laxative, and the 
 
 powder of some "loadstones in tins, doth rather 
 constipate and bind, than purge and loo-cn the 
 belly. IJrmm s I u/g. Frr. 
 
 Constip.a'tion. n.s. \fro\\\ constipate:] 
 
 1. The act of crowding any tiling into 
 less room ; condensation. 
 
 This wcrketh bv the detention of the spirits, 
 and con.rtiimliiin of the tangible parts. 
 
 Bacons 2^at. Hilt. 
 
 It requires either absolute fulness of matter, ur 
 a prettv close ctfiislipiitiuii and mutual contact of 
 its particles. . , , .B"'""'' 
 
 2. Stoppage ; obstruction by plenitude. 
 The inaciivity of the gall occasions a c^msttp-i- 
 
 lion of the belly. Arbuth. en Al.m. 
 
 3. The state of having the body bound. ^ 
 Consti'tuent. adj. [constitKtni, Lat.''. 
 
 That which makes' any thing what it ij; 
 
 301
 
 CON 
 
 necessary to existence ; elemental ; es- 
 sential ; that of which any thing con- 
 sists. 
 
 Body, soul, and reason, arc the tlircc parts ne- 
 cessarily comtiluent oi a man. Ih-yd. Dufrcstuyij. 
 • All animals derived ail the constituetit matter of 
 their bodies, successively, iii all ages, out of this 
 fund. Woodward. 
 
 It is impossible that the (inures and sizes of its 
 constituent particles, should oe so justly adapted 
 as to touch one another in every point. 
 
 Bentley's Sermor^. 
 
 Consti'tuent. n. J. ^ 
 
 1. The person orthin^^ which constitutes 
 or settles any thing in its peculiar state. 
 
 Their first curaposure and origination requires a 
 higher and nobler constituent than chanee. 
 
 Haters Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. That which is necessary to the sub- 
 sistence of any thing. 
 
 The obstruction of the mesentery is a great im- 
 pediment, to nutrition: for tlie lymph in tho.se 
 glands is a necessary comtituent uf ihc aliment. 
 
 Arhuih, an Allm. 
 
 3. He that deputes another ; as, the re- 
 presentatives in parliament disregard 
 their constituents. 
 
 To CO'NSTITUTE. v. a. [constiiuo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To give formal existence; to make 
 any thing what it is ; to produce. 
 
 Prudence is not only a moral but christian vir- 
 tue, such as is necessary to the comtitutiiif^ of all 
 others. Decay of Pitty. 
 
 2. To erect; to establish. 
 We must obey laws appointed and constituted 
 
 by lawful authority, not against the law of God. 
 7'aulor's Holy Living. 
 It will be necessary to consider, how at first 
 those several churches were constiinted, that we 
 may understand how in this one church they ^%■ere 
 all united. Pearson. 
 
 3. To depute ; to appoint another to an 
 office. 
 
 Co'nstituter, 7?. 5. [from constitute.] 
 
 Ke that constitutes or appoints. 
 Constitu'tion. n. s. [from constitute,] 
 
 1 . The act of constituting, enacting, de- 
 puting, establishing, producing. 
 
 2. State of being; particular textin-e of 
 parts ; natural qualities. 
 
 This is more beneficial than any other constitit' 
 tion. • Bentley. 
 
 This lieht being trajected through the parallel 
 prisms, if it sulVered any change by the reiractioi; 
 of one, it lost that impression by trie contrary re- 
 fraction of the other ; and so being restored to its 
 pristine constitution, became of the same condi- 
 tion as at first. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 3. Corporeal frame. 
 Amongst many bad effects of this oily constitn- 
 
 tion, there is one advantage; such who arrive to 
 age, are not subject to strictwre of fibres. 
 
 Arbutk. on Alim. 
 
 4. Temper of body, with respect to health 
 or thsease. 
 
 If such men happen, by their native constitu- 
 tions, to fall into the gout, either they mind it not 
 at all, having no leisure to be sick, or they use it 
 like a dog. Temple. 
 
 Beautj' is nothingelse but a just accord and har- 
 mony of the members, animated by a healthful 
 constitution. Dryden. 
 
 5. Temper of mind. 
 Dametas, according to the constitution of a dull 
 
 head, thinks no better way to shew himself wise 
 than by suspectingevery thini; in his way. Sidneu- 
 Some dear friend dead ; else nothing in the 
 world 
 Could turn so much the constitution 
 Of any constant man. ^akesp. Mtrch. of Venice. 
 
 CON 
 
 He defended himself with undaunted courage, 
 and less passion than was expected from his con- 
 stitution. Clarendon 
 
 6. Established form of government ; sys- 
 tem of laws and customs. 
 
 The Norman conipiering all by might, 
 IVIixinoour customs, and The form of rigiit, 
 Whli foreign constitutions he had brought. Daniel. 
 
 7. Particular law ; established usage ; esta- 
 blishment; institution. 
 
 We lawfully nny observe the positive constitu- 
 tions of our own churches. Hooker- 
 ^ Constitution, properly sf)eaking in the sense of 
 civil law, is that law which is nmde and ordained 
 by some king or emperor; ^ct the canonists, by 
 adding the word sacred to it, make it to signif^' 
 the same as an ecclesiastical canon. Aylife. 
 
 Constitutional, at/j. [from consiiiu- 
 tion.] 
 
 1. Bred in the constitution ; radical. 
 
 It is not probable any coiiititntimuii illness will 
 be comnmnicated with the small-pox by inocula- 
 tion. Sharp s Surgtry. 
 
 2. Consistent with the civil constitution ; 
 legal. 
 
 Constitu'tive. adj. [from coiistitute.] 
 
 1. That which constitutes any thing what 
 it is ; elemental ; essential ; producti\'e. 
 
 Although it be placed amon^ the non-naturals 
 that is, such as, neither naturally co]iSiituiice nor 
 merely destructive, do preserve or destroy. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 The elements and constitutive parts of a schis- 
 matick, being the esteem of himself, and the 
 Contempt of others. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 2. Having the power to enact or establish. 
 To CONSTRAIN, v, a. \constraindre, 
 
 Fr. constringo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To compel ; to force to some action. 
 
 Thy sight, which should 
 Make our eyes How with joy. 
 Constrains them weep. Shahesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Namur subdued, is England's palm alone ; 
 The rest besieg'd, but wecii?w£rui«"(i the town. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 2. To hinder by force ; to restrain. 
 My sire in caves constrains the winds. 
 
 Can with a breath their clam'rous rage appease ; 
 They fear his whistle, and forsake the seas. Dry. 
 
 3. To necessitate. 
 The scars upon your honour, therefore, he 
 
 Does pity as constrained blemishes. 
 
 Nothing deserv'd. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 When to his lust ^Eeysthus gave the rein. 
 Did fate or we the adinVrous act constrain ? 
 
 Pops's Odyssey. 
 4f. To violate; to ravish. 
 
 Her spotless chastity, 
 Inhuman traitors ! you constrain d and forc'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Titus Andronicus. 
 
 5. To confine; to press. 
 
 Whenamidsf the fervour of the feast. 
 The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast. 
 And with sweet kisses in her arms constrains. 
 Thou may'st infuse thy venom in her veins. 
 
 Dryde7i. 
 How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. 
 
 Gay. 
 G. To constringe. 
 
 When winter fr<)Sts constrain the field with cold, 
 The scanty root can take no steady hold. Dryden. 
 
 7. To tie; to bind. 
 Scarce the weary god had clos'd his eyes, 
 
 When rushing on witii sliouts, he binds inchams 
 The drowsy prophet, and his limbs constrains. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. To imprison. 
 Constrained him in a bird, and made him fly 
 
 With party-coluur'd plumes, a chaltring pye. 
 
 jJryden. 
 
 9. To force ; to produce in opposition to 
 nature. 
 
 CON 
 
 In this northern tract our hoarser throats 
 U tter unripe and ill constrained notes. Waller. 
 10. To restrain ; to withhold. 
 
 The soft weapons of paternal persuasions, after 
 mankind began to forget the original giver of life, 
 became overweak to resist tlie first inclination of 
 evil : or after, when it became habitual, to con- 
 strain it. liakigh. 
 
 CoNSTRA'iNABLE. adj. [from con- 
 strain.] Liable to constraint ; obnoxi- 
 ous to compulsion. 
 
 Whereas men before stood bound in conscience 
 to do as reason teaclieth, they are now hv virtue 
 of human law co}istrainable ; and if they ou'lwardiy 
 transgress, punishable. Hooker. 
 
 Constra'inedly. adv. [from con- 
 strain.'] By constraint; by compulsion. 
 What occasion it had given them to think, to 
 their greater obduration ni cnl, that through a 
 froward and wanton desire of innovation we" did 
 constrainedly those things, for which conscience 
 was pretended. Hooker, 
 
 Constra'iner. n. s. [from constrain.] 
 
 He that constrains. 
 Constra'int. n. s. [ co7itraintc, Fr.] 
 1. Compulsion; compelling force; vio- 
 lence; act of overruling the desire; con- 
 finement. 
 
 I did suppose it should be on constraint ; .^ 
 But, heav'n be thaiik'd, it is but voluntary. 
 
 Shakesp. King John, 
 Like you, a man ; and hither led by fame. 
 Not by cojistraint, but by ray choice, I came. 
 
 Vrxjdens Indian Emperour. 
 The constant desire of liappiness, and the con- 
 straint it puts upon us to act for it, nobody, I 
 thhik, accounts an abridgment of liberty. Locke. 
 '2. Confinement. Out of use. 
 
 His limbs were wa.ien weak and raw. 
 Thro' long iuprisoniuent, and hard constraint. 
 
 Spenser, 
 
 To CONSTRICT, v. a. [constringe, con- 
 strict um, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To bind ; to cramp ; to confine into a 
 
 narrow compass. 
 
 2. To contract ; to cause to shrink. 
 
 Such things tisconstrict the fibres, and strengthen 
 the solid parts. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 CoNSTRi'cTioN. n.s. [(rom constrict.] 
 Contraction; compression; forcible con- 
 traction. Compression is from an out- 
 ward force, constriction from some qua- 
 lity ; as the throat is compressed by a 
 bandage and constringed by a cold. 
 
 The air, which these receive into the lungs, may 
 serve to render their bodies equiponderant to the 
 water ; and the constriction or dilatation uf it may 
 probably assist them to ascend or descend in tlie 
 water. -fiay on the Creati^ii. 
 
 CoNSTRi'cTOE. M. s. [constrictor, Lat.] 
 That which compresses or contracts. 
 
 He supposed the co!iSt?-ir!iirs of the eyelids must 
 be strengthened in the suiiercilious, 
 
 Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib. 
 
 To CONSTRl'NGE. v. a. [constringo, 
 Lat.] To compress : to contract ; to 
 bind ; to force to contract itself. 
 The dreadful s[>out, 
 Which shipmen do the hurricano call, 
 Canstringd in mass by the almighty sun. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 Strong liquors, especially inflammatory spirits, 
 intosicate, constringe, harden the fibres, and coa- 
 gulate the fluids. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Constri'ngent. adj. [constringens, 
 Lat.] Having the quality of binding or 
 compressing. 
 
 899
 
 CON 
 
 Try a deep well, or a conservatory of snow, 
 where the cold may be more constringent. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 Whiter binds 
 Oar strengthen'd bodies in a cold embrace 
 Constringent. • Thomsons Winter. 
 
 To CONSTRUCT, v. a. {conytructusLa.i.] 
 
 ) . Td build ; to form ; to compile ; to con- 
 stitute. 
 
 Let there be an admiration of those divine attri- 
 butes and p,rcrog;ilivcs, for wiiosc manifesting lie 
 was pleased to constrnct this vast fabrick. 
 
 Boqle's Usef'iilncis of Natural Philosophij, 
 
 2. To form ty the raiiid ; as, he construct- 
 ed a new system. 
 
 Construction, n.s. [consfnictio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of building, or piling up in a 
 regular method. 
 
 2. TJie form of building ; structure ; con- 
 formation. 
 
 There's no art 
 To «hew the minds construction in the face. Shak. 
 The ways were made of several layers of fiat 
 stones and tlint : the construction was a liule vari- 
 ous, according! to the nature of the soil, or the 
 materials which they found. Arbnthnot. 
 
 3. [In grammar.] The putting of words, 
 duly chosen, together in such a manner 
 as is proper to convej' a complete sense. 
 
 Clarke's Latin Grammiir. 
 Some particles constantly, and others in cer- 
 tain constructii'us, have the sense of a whole sen- 
 tence contained in Ihetn. hocke. 
 
 4. The act of arranging terms in the pro- 
 per order, by disentangling transposi- 
 tions ; the act of interpreting ; explana- 
 tion. 
 
 This label, whose containing 
 Is so from sense in hardness, that lean 
 Make no collection of it ; let him shew 
 His skill in the cottstruction. Shakesp. Citmhetine. 
 
 5. The sense ; the meaning ; interpreta- 
 tion. 
 
 In which sense although wejudpe the apostle's 
 words to have been uttered, yet nereunto we do 
 not require them to yield, that think any other 
 construction more sound. Tiookcr. 
 
 He that would live at ease, should always put 
 
 the bt St Ctf;wtn(ctioH on business and conversation, 
 
 Coitier on the Spleen. 
 
 Religion, in its own nature, produces good will 
 towards men, and puis the mildest con.<truclion 
 upon every accident liiat befals litem. Sjiectutur. 
 
 6. Judgment ; mental representation. 
 
 ll cannot, therefore, unto reasonable coiutruc- 
 ttons seem strange, or savour of singularity, that 
 we have examined this point. Browns Vufg. Err. 
 
 7. The manner of describing a figure or 
 problem in geometry. 
 
 8. Construction oj Equations, in algebra, 
 is the method of reducing a known equa- 
 tion into lines and figures, in order to a 
 geometrical demonstration. 
 
 CoNSTRli'cTURE. «. s. [from construct.'] 
 Pile; edifice; fabrick. 
 
 They shall the earth's constntcture closely bind. 
 And to the centre keep the parts conlin'd.&iicf.m. 
 To CONSTRUE, v. a. [construo. Lat.] 
 I . To range words in their natiu-al order ; 
 to ilisentangle transposition. 
 
 I'll teach mine eyes, with meek huiuility, 
 liOve-learned letters to her eves to read : 
 Which her deep wit, thai true heart's thought can 
 spell, 
 Will soon conceive, and learn to ceiisl?ne well. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Construe the times to their necessities. 
 And you shall say, indeed, it is the time. 
 And not the kmg that doth you injuries. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CON 
 
 . To interpret ; to explain ; to shew the 
 meaning. 
 
 I must crave that T be not so understood or con- 
 strutd, as if any such thing, by virtue thereof, 
 could be done without llie aid and assistance of 
 God's most blessed spirit. Hooker. 
 
 Virgil is so very figurative, that he requires (1 
 may aJmo.'it say) a grannuar apart to construe him. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Thus no are put to construe and paraphrase our 
 own words, to free ourselves either from (he igno- 
 rance or mnlice of our adversaries. Still ingfieet. 
 
 When the word is construed into its idea, the 
 double meaiii:i'jvHnis''»<i. Addis, on AncientMedals. 
 
 To CO NS I UPRATE. i;. a. [constupro, 
 Lat.] To violate ; to debauch ; to defile. 
 
 CoN.STu'PR.\TioN. n. .1. [from constu- 
 prrile.] \'iolation ; defilement. 
 
 CONSUB.ST.ANTLAL. adj. [consubstan- 
 tialis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Htiving the same essence or subsistence. 
 The Lord our God is but one God ; in which 
 indivisible unity, notwithstanding we adore the 
 Father, as beini: altogether of himself, we glorifv 
 that Ciinsi'.bstontiiil Word, which is the Son ; we 
 bless and magnify that co-essential Spirit, eter- 
 nally proceednig from both, which is the Holy 
 Ghost. Hooker. 
 
 2 Being of the same kind or nature. 
 
 It continueth a body consuhstantial with our bo- 
 dies ; a bi»dy of the same, both nature and mea. 
 sun-, which'it had on earth. Hot^ker. 
 
 In their conceits the human nature of Christ 
 was not consuhstantial to ours, but of another kind. 
 
 Brereico'^d. 
 
 Consubstantia'lity. n.s. [from con- 
 
 S7tbstanfia/.] 
 \. Existence of more than one, in the same 
 
 substance. 
 
 The eternity of the Son's generation, and his 
 co-eternity and consuhstantiality with the Father, 
 when he came down from heaven. 
 
 Hammond on Fundamentals. 
 
 2. Participation of the same nature. 
 
 To CoNSUBS r.v'.NTiATE. I', a. [from con 
 
 and substantia, Lat.] To unite in one 
 
 common substance or nature. 
 
 Con SUBSTANTIATION 
 
 CON 
 
 The patricians should do very ill» 
 To let the consuUIiip be so defil d. 
 
 Ben Jonjon's Cataline. 
 
 The lovelv boy, with his auspicious f^ce. 
 Shall Pollio's coruuUhip and triumph gnce. Drvd. 
 
 To CONSULT, r. n. [comulto, Lat.] To 
 take counsel together ; to deliberate in 
 common ; it has with before the person 
 admitted to consultation. 
 
 Kverv man. 
 After the hidetms stnrm that k>llow''d, was 
 A thing inspir'd ; and, not consulting, broke 
 Into a general prophecy, that thii tempe>t. 
 Dashing the garment of this peace, at>4jded 
 '1 he sudden breach on't. Shakesp. Henrii VUI. 
 .■V senate-houi^e, wherein thee hundred and 
 twenty men sat co7isulting always for the people. 
 1 Mac. vili. 15. 
 Consult not witU the slothful for any work. 
 
 Kccles s.xxrii. 
 He sent for his bosom friends, with whom he 
 most confidently consulted, and shewed the paper 
 to them, the contents whereof be could not con- 
 ceive. Clarendon. 
 
 To Consult, v. a. 
 
 n. s. [from con- 
 siibstiintiate.] The union of the body of 
 our blessed Saviour with the siicramental 
 element, according to the Lutlierans. 
 
 In the point of coitsuhstantintion, towards the 
 
 latter end of his life.he changed his mind.. ■I(fer6((rt/. 
 
 CON.SUL. n.s. [ciuisttl, conmlendo, Lat] 
 
 I. Tlie chief magistrate in the Roman re- 
 
 publick. 
 
 Or never he so noble as a co}isul. 
 Nor yoke with him for tribime. Shak. Coriolanus. 
 Consols of mod'raie power in calms were made ; 
 When the Gauls came, one sole dictator sway'd. 
 
 Drudcn. 
 2. An officer commissioned in tpreign parts 
 to judge between the mercTiants of his 
 nation, and protect their commerce. 
 Co'nsular. adj. [consularis, Lat] 
 
 1 . Relating to the consul. 
 The cotisulur power had only the criiaments, 
 
 without the force, of the royal aiithority.^pa'tator. 
 
 2. Constdar Alan. One who &ad been 
 consul. 
 
 Rose not the constdar men, and left their places, 
 So soon as tliou sat'st down ' 3i.n Jonsons Cataline. 
 
 Consu'late. n. s. Iconsulalus, Lat.] The 
 office of consul. 
 
 His name and consulate were effaced out of all 
 publick registers and inscriptions. .-Iddistj/i en Itrt/y. 
 
 Consulship, n.s. [trom consul.] Tlie 
 office of consuL 
 
 1. To ask advice of; as, ^e consulted his 
 friends ; to consult an author. 
 
 2. To regartl ; to act with view or respect to. 
 We are, in the first i>lace, to consult the neces- 
 sities of life, rallier than matters of ornament and 
 delight. VEstrange. 
 
 The senate owes its gratitude to Cato, 
 Who with so great a stmt consults ils safety. 
 And guards our lives, while he neglecu his own. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 3. To plan ; to contrive. 
 Thou hast consulted ^hauie to thy boDse, by cnt- 
 
 tins off many people. Hab. li. 10. 
 
 Alanv tilings were there consulted for the future, 
 
 yet notching was positively resolved. Clarendon. 
 
 Consult, n. s. [from the verb. It is vari- 
 
 ousl}' accented.] 
 I. The act of consulting. 
 
 Yourself in | erson head one chosen half. 
 And inarch t' oppress the faction in consult 
 With dying Dorax. Dryden s Don Sebastian. 
 
 2. The effect of consulting; determination. 
 He said, and rose the first : the council broke ; 
 And all their grave consuUt dissolv'd in smoke. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 3. A council ; a number of persons assem- 
 bled in deliberation. 
 
 Divers meetings and consults of our whole num- 
 ber, to consider of the firmer labours. Bacon. 
 
 A consult of coquets below 
 Was call'd, to rig him out a l^eau. Su-if't. 
 
 Consultation, n.s. [fi:om consult.] 
 \. The act of consulting ; secret delibera- 
 tion. 
 
 The chief priests held a consultation with the 
 elders and scribes. Mark xv. 1. 
 
 2. A number of persons consulted toge- 
 ther ; a council. 
 
 -•\ consultation was called, wherein he advised a 
 salivation. ^yiseman ot Abscesses. 
 
 3. [In law.] Consultatio is a writ, whereby 
 a cause, being formerly removed by pro- 
 hibition from the ecclesiastical court, or 
 court christian, to the king's court, is re- 
 turned thither again ; for tlie judges of 
 the king's court, if, upon comparing the 
 libel with the suggestion of the party, 
 they do find the suggestion false, or not 
 proved, and therefore the cause to be 
 wrongfully called from the court chris- 
 tian ; tlien, upon this ct^nsultation or do- 
 liberation, decree it to be returned ajrain. 
 
 Cou-tll. 
 
 CoNSULTER. M. s. [from consult.] One 
 
 3E 393
 
 (" O N 
 
 that consults, or ;isks counsel or intelli- 
 gence. 
 
 There shall nut be fi)uiid among yon a charmer, 
 or a coiuulter with familiar s.piriu, or a wizard. 
 
 Dent, xviii. 11. 
 
 Consu'mablk. adj. [fr<»m consume.] Sus- 
 ceptible of tlestruciion ; possible to be 
 "wasted, spent, or destroyed. 
 
 Asbestos docs truly agree in this common qua- 
 lity ascribed unto hulh, of being incoiuljiistible, 
 ami not consumable by fire ; but it doth cuntract so 
 much fuliginous .natter from the earthy parts of 
 the oil, though it was tried with some of the purest 
 oil, that in a very few days it did clioak and ex- 
 linyush the tlame. Witkins's Malhcmaticat Magick. 
 
 Our growing ricli or poor depends only on. 
 which is greater or less, our importation or expor- 
 tation of (.'('Jtsa/nut/t: conunodities. Locke 
 
 To CONSUME. V. a. [consume, Lat.] To 
 waste ; to spend ; to destroy. 
 
 Wliere two raging fires meet together, 
 They do consume the thing that feeds their fury. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, 
 and shalt gather but little in ; for the locusts shall 
 consume it. Deut. xxviii. 
 
 Tiius in soft anguish she consumes the day, 
 Nor quits her deep retireraejit. Thomsons Spring. 
 
 To C NSUME. V. n. To waste away; to 
 be exhausted. 
 
 These violent delights have violent ends, 
 And in their triumi)h die ; like fire and powder, 
 Which, as they meet, cojisume. Shah. Rom. and Jul. 
 
 Consumer, n.s. [irom consume.] One 
 that spends, wastes, or destroys any 
 thing. 
 
 Money may be considered as in the liands of 
 the cnnsamer, or of the merchant who buys the 
 commodity, when made to export. Locke. 
 
 To CONSU'MMATE. v. a. [consofnmer, 
 Fr. consummare, Lat.] To complete ; 
 to perfect ; to finish; to end. Anciently 
 accented on the first syllable. 
 
 Yourself, myself, and other lords, will pass 
 To consummate \.\\\'=> business happily. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 There shall we consummate our spousal rites. 
 
 _ Sbak. 
 The person w;is cunning enough to begin the 
 deceit in the weaker, and the weaker suliicxent to 
 consummate the fraud in the stronger. 
 
 Brotviis Vulg. Err. 
 
 He had a mind to consujnmate the happiness of 
 
 the day. Taller. 
 
 Consummate, adj. [from the verb.] 
 Complete ; perfect ; finished ; omnibus 
 numeris ahsolnius. 
 i do but stay till your marriage be consummate. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Karth, in Iie.r rich attire 
 Consrt7nma(£, lovely sniil'd. Mittons Paradise Lost. 
 Gratian, among his maxims for raising a man 
 to the most consummate greatness, advises to per- 
 form extraordinary actions, and to secure a good 
 historian. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 If a man of jierfect and coiisu/nmate virtue falls 
 into a misfortune, it raises our piiy, but not our 
 terrour. Addison s Spectator, 
 
 Consumma'tion. n. s. [from consum- 
 
 mafe.] 
 
 1. Completion; perfection ; end. 
 
 That just and regular process, which it must be 
 supposed to take from its original to its comiun- 
 niation. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. The end of the present system of things ; 
 the end of the w^orld. 
 
 From the first beginning of the world unto the 
 last constnnmation thereof, it neither hath been, 
 nor can be, otherwise. Hooker. 
 
 3. Death ; end of life. 
 
 Ghost, unlaid, forbear thee ! 
 Nothing ill t, ome near thee i 
 
 CON 
 
 Quiet consummation have, 
 
 Unremovedbe tliy gVd\c.Shakef}i. Ciimheline. 
 
 Consumption. «. *. [constimpiio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of consuming ; waste; destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 In commodities, the value rises as its quantity 
 is less and vent greater ; which depends njion its 
 being preferred in its consumption. Locke. 
 
 2. The state of wastinijj or perishing. 
 
 Etna and Vesuvius have sent fortli tlames for 
 this two or three thousand years, yet the moun- 
 tains themselves have not sulTered any considera- 
 ble diminution or consumption; but are, at this 
 day, the highest mountains in those countries. 
 
 Woodw. 
 
 '•i. [In physick.] A waste of muscular 
 flesh. It is frequently attended with a 
 hectick fever, and is divided by pliysi- 
 _cians into several kinds, according to the 
 variety of its causes. (^uincy. 
 
 Consumption sow 
 In hollow bones of man Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 The stoppage of women's courses, if not looked 
 to, sets them into a co»s«m;j(ujn, dropsy, <ir other 
 disease. Harvey. 
 
 The essential and distinguishing character of a 
 confirmed coyisitmption, is a wasting of the body by 
 reason of an ulcerated state of the lungs, attended 
 with a cough, a discharge of purulent matter, and 
 a hectick fever. Blackmore. 
 
 Consumptive, adj. [from consume.'^ 
 
 1. Destructive ; wasting ; exhausting ; hav- 
 ing the quality of consuming. 
 
 A long consumptive war is more lik( ly to break 
 this grand alliance than disable France. 
 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 2. Diseased with a consmnption. 
 
 Nothing taints sound lungs sooner than inspir- 
 ing the breath of consumptive \ungs. 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs de- 
 cayed. 
 Is call'd a pretty, tight, and slender maid.Dri/de/t. 
 By an exact regimen a coHSum/jtiie person may 
 hold' out for years. Arbuthnnt on Diet. 
 
 Consumptiveness. n, s. [from con- 
 sumptive.] A tendency to a consumption. 
 
 CoNsuiiLE. adj. [coisutilisj Lat.] That 
 is sewed or stitched together. Diet. 
 
 To CONTABULATE. v. a. [contabulo, 
 Lat.] To floor with boards. 
 
 CONTABULATION.?2.*.[c07lfa6M/tf/i>,Lat.] 
 
 A joining of boards together ; a boarding 
 a floor, 
 CO'NTACT. n. s. [contactus, Lat.] Touch ; 
 close union ; jimcture of one body to 
 another. 
 
 The Platonists hold, that the spirit of the lover 
 doth pass into the spirits of the person loved, 
 which causeth the desire of return into the body ; 
 whereupon foUoweth that appetite of contact and 
 Conjunction. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 \Vhen the light fell so obliquely on the air, 
 which in other places was between them, as to be 
 all retlecEed, it seemed hi that place of contact to 
 he wholly transmitted. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 The air, bv its immediate contact, may coagulate 
 tlic blood wliich flows along the air-bladders. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 CoNTACTiON. n. s. \contactusy Lat.] 
 
 The act of touching ; a joining one body 
 
 to another. 
 
 That deleterious it may be at some distance, and 
 destructive without corporal contaciion, there is no 
 high improbability. Browns Vulg. ilrrours. 
 
 CONTAGION, n. s. [contagio, Lat.] 
 1. The emission from body to body by 
 which diseases are communicated. 
 
 If we two be one, and thou play false, 
 
 CON 
 
 I do digest the poison of tliy flesh, 
 Being itrumpcted by thy co'ntagion. 
 
 Shakes}!. Comedy of Krronrs. 
 In infection and co/i(i/ij^(()ji from budytotody, 
 as the pliiguc and the like, the infection is received 
 many times by the body p.issive ; but yet is, by 
 the strength and good disposition thereof, re- 
 pulsed. Bacon, 
 
 2. Infection; propagation of mischief, or 
 disease. 
 
 Nor will the goodness of intention excuse tiie 
 scandal and contagion of example. King Charles. 
 
 Down fell they. 
 And the dire hiss roLiew'd, 'and the dire form 
 CmIcKM |)y contagion. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Pestilence; venomous emanations. 
 
 Will he steal out of his wholesome bed, 
 To dare the vile contagion of tlie night ? 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Cdsar, 
 
 Contagious, adj. [from contagioy Lat,] 
 Infectious ; cauuht by approach ; poi- 
 sonous ; pestilential. 
 
 The jades, 
 That drag the tragick melancholy night. 
 From their misty jaws 
 Breathe foul, contagious darkness in the air. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 Wc sicken soon from her conlagious care, 
 Grieve for her sorrows, groan for Jier despair 
 
 Contagiousness, n.s. [from co»tagwus.'\ 
 
 The quality of being contagious. 
 To CONTAIN. V. a. [contineo, Lat.] 
 
 1. I o hold as a vessel. 
 
 Tlicre are many oilier tilings which .lesus did, 
 tlie whicli if they slioultl he written every t'lie, I 
 suppose that even the world itself could not contain 
 the hooks that should be written. John xxi. 25, 
 
 Gently instructed I shall hence dejjart, 
 Greatly in peace of thought, and have uiy fill 
 Of knowledge what this vessel can contain. Milton. 
 
 Wliat thy stores contain bring forth, and Pour 
 Abundance. Milton. 
 
 2. To comprehend ; to comprise. 
 
 What seein'd fair in all the world, seem'd now 
 Mean, or in her sumni'd up, mhct containd.Milloiu 
 
 The earth, 
 Though in comparison of heaven so small. 
 Nor glist'ring, may of solid good contain 
 JMoie plenty than the sun, tliat barren shines. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 3. To comprise, as a writing. 
 
 Wherefore also it is contained in the scrioture. 
 
 1 Pet. ii. 6. 
 
 4. To restrain ; to withhold ; to keep with- 
 in bounds. 
 
 All men should be contained in duty ever after, 
 without the terrour of warlike forces. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Their king's person contains the unruly people 
 
 from evil occasions. Spenser. 
 
 I tell you, sirs. 
 If you should smile, he grows impatient. 
 — f'ear not, my lord, we can contain ourselves. ' 
 
 Shakesf. 
 
 To Contain. i>. n. To live in conti- 
 nence, 
 
 I felt the ardour of my passion increase, till 1 
 could no longer contain. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 Containable, adj. [from contain.] Pos- 
 sible to be contained. 
 
 The air, containable within the cavity of the 
 eolipile, amounted to eleven grains. Boyle. 
 
 To CONTA'MINATE. v. a. [contamino, 
 Lat.] To defile; to pollute; to corrupt 
 by base mixture. 
 
 Shall we now 
 Contaminate our tingers with base bribes ? 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Cicsar. 
 A base pander holds the chamber door, 
 Whilst by a slave, no gentler than a dog. 
 His fairest daugliter is contaminated. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 394-
 
 CON 
 
 Do it not with poison ; strangle her in her bed, 
 Even in the bed bhehstb contaminated. Shak.Othd. 
 
 I quicklv !»lied 
 Some of his bastard li'luod, and in disgrace 
 Bespolve liini thus ; contumimiled, base 
 And misbegotten bluod I si>ill iif tbinc. 
 
 ii!iakcsi>. Henrif VI . 
 
 Thougli it be necessitated, by its relaiiun to 
 fleshi to a terrestrial converse ; jet 'tis, like the 
 sun, witliout contaminating its beams. 
 
 Glanvilte's Apol, 
 
 He that lies with anotlierman's wife, pnipagales 
 children ijl another's family fur him to kee|\ and 
 cmtaminates tlie honour thereof as mucli as in him 
 lies. Aiilijie's I'arergon. 
 
 Covtamina'tion. n. s. [from contami- 
 nate.] Pollution ; defilement. 
 
 CoNTEMERATED. adj. [coTitemeratus, 
 Lat.] Violated ; polluted. Diet. 
 
 To CONTE'MN. v. a. [conlemno, Lat.] 
 To despise ; to scorn ; to slight ; to dis- 
 regard ; to neglect ; to defy. 
 
 'V'et better thus, and known to be contemned , 
 Tlian still contemned and Hatlered. Sliak.hing Lear, 
 
 Eve, tli3' contempt of life and pleasure seems 
 To argue in thee sometliing more sublime 
 And excellent than what thy mind contemns. Milt. 
 
 Pygmalion then the Tyrian sceptre sway'd. 
 One wlio contemn d divine and human laws : 
 Then strife ensued. Dri/d. Virgil's JEneid. 
 
 Contemner, n.s. [from contemn.] One 
 that contemns ; a despiser ; a scorner. 
 
 He counsels him to persecute innovators of wor- 
 ship, utitmi]y as contemners oi the gods, but dis- 
 turbers of the state. South. 
 
 Tu CONTEMPER. r. a. [co7itc}npern,Lat.] 
 To moderate; to reduce to a lower de- 
 gree by mixing something of opposite 
 qualities. 
 
 The leaves qualify and contemper the heat, and 
 hinder the evaporation of moisture. 
 
 Rail on the Great. 
 CONTEMPERAMENT. n. S. [from con- 
 
 tempero. Lat.] The degree of any qua- 
 lity. 
 
 There is nearly an equal contempei-ament of the 
 warmth of our bodies to that of t!ie hottest part 
 of the atmosphere. Derham. 
 
 To CoNTEMPERATE. r. a. [from contem- 
 per J\ To diminish any quality by some- 
 thing contrary ; to moderate ; to temper. 
 
 The miglity Nile and Niger do not only moisten 
 and Cf>ruem;)ei*rt(e the air, but refresh and humec- 
 tate tlie earth. Brown. 
 
 If blood abound, let it nut, regulating the pa- 
 tient's diet, and contempcruling the humours. 
 
 Wiseman s Surgeru. 
 
 Contemvera'tion. n.s, [from con ^^ot- 
 perate.] 
 
 J. The act of diminishing any quality by 
 admixture of the contrary ; the act of 
 moderating or tempering. 
 
 _ The use of air, without which there is no con- 
 tinuation in life, is not nutrition, but the CD/i(t'»i- 
 perution of fervour in the lieart. Brown s Vulg.Err. 
 
 2. Proportionate mixture; proportion. 
 
 There is not greater variety in men's faces, and 
 in the corttemperations of their natural humours, 
 than there is in their pliantasies. 
 
 Hale's Origin f>f Mankiiid. 
 
 To CONTEMPLATE, v. a. [contemplor, 
 Lat. This seems to have been once 
 accented on the first syllable.] To con- 
 sider with continued attention ; to study; 
 to meditate. 
 
 There is not much difficulty in confining the 
 mind to contemplate what we have a great desire 
 •"know. ]Vatls. 
 
 CON 
 
 To Contemplate, v. n. To muse ; to 
 think studiously with long attention. 
 
 So many hours must I take my rest ; 
 So many hours must 1 contemvltilc.'bliuk. Hen. \ I. 
 
 Sapor had an lieaveti of ylass, uhich lie trod 
 upon, cantemplating over the same as if he had 
 been Jupiter. Peitcham. 
 
 How can I consider what hclonfjs to myself, 
 when I have been so long conternpluting on you. 
 DrydcTi'sJuv. Preface. 
 
 Contemplation, n. s. [from conitm- 
 p/afc] 
 
 1 . Meditation ; studious thought on any 
 subject; continued attention. 
 
 How now ? wliat serious conteniptution are you 
 in ? Shakesp. 
 
 Contemplation Js keeping the idea, which is brought 
 into the mind, for some time actually in view. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. Holy meditation ; a holy exercise of the 
 soul, employed in attention to sacred 
 things. 
 
 I have breath'd a secret vow 
 To live in prayer and contemplatiorit 
 Only attended by Nerissa here. 
 
 Shakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 3. The faculty of study ; opposed to the 
 power of action. 
 
 There are two functions, contemplation and prac- 
 tice, acco/ding to that general division of objects; 
 some of which entertain our speculation, others 
 employ our actions. South. 
 
 Contemplative, adj, [from contem- 
 plate.] 
 
 1. Given to thought or study ; studious; 
 thoughtful. 
 
 Fixt and contemplative their looks, 
 Still turning over nature's books. Deiiham. 
 
 2. Employed in study ; dedicated to study. 
 
 I am no courtier, nor versed in state alfairs : my 
 life hath rather been contemplative than active. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Contemplative men nmy be without the pleasure 
 of discovering tiie secrets of state, and men of 
 action are commonly without the pleasure of trac- 
 ing the secrets of divine art. Grew's Cosmolo^ia. 
 
 3. Having the power of thought or medi- 
 tation. 
 
 So many kinds of creatures might be to exercise 
 the contemplative faculty of man. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Contemplatively, adv. [from contem- 
 plative.] Thoughtfully ; attentively ; 
 with deep attention, 
 Contemplator, n. s. [Lat.] One em- 
 ployed in study ; an enquirer after know- 
 ledge ; a student. 
 
 Ill the Persian tongue the word magns imports 
 
 as much as a contemplator of divine and heavenly 
 
 science. Raleigh's Ht.-itonj. 
 
 The Piatonick contemplators reject bolli tliese 
 
 descriptions, founded upon parts and colours. 
 
 Bronn's Vulg. tlrr. 
 
 CONTEMPORARY, adj. [contemporain, 
 French.] 
 
 1. Living in the same age ; coefemeous. 
 
 Albert Durer was contemporary to Lucas. 
 
 Drpdcns Dufresjioy. 
 
 2. Bom at the same time. 
 
 A grove born with himself be sees, 
 And loves his old contemporary trees. Con-ley^ 
 
 3. Existing st the same point of time. 
 
 It is impossible to make the ideas of yesterday, 
 to-dav, and to-morrow, to be the same ; or bring 
 ages past and future together, and make them 
 contemporarij. I^wke. 
 
 CoNTRMPORARY. ?i. «. One who lives 
 at the same time with another. 
 
 CON 
 
 All this in bloomingyouth you have acbiev'd; 
 Ni'f are your foil'd contemporaries griev'd. Ijrifdcn. 
 
 As he has been faV'-urable to me. he wilfhear 
 of his kindness from ourroiifcmpKrurici ; for «e ai« 
 fallen into an age illilerale, censorious, and de- 
 tracting. DrifdensJiiv I'rcjace. 
 
 The active part 'jf mankind, as tiny do most 
 for the good of their contemporarin, very deserv- 
 edly gain the greatest share in their ajiplautcs. 
 
 Addison s t-'reehalder. 
 
 To Conte'mporise. v. a. [cun and tcm- 
 pus, Lat.] To make contemporary; to 
 place in the same age. 
 
 The indilferency of their existences, cnlempo- 
 vised into our actions, adniits a farther considera- 
 tion. Brou-ns Vnlg. Kir. 
 
 CONTEMPT, n. s. [contempfus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of despising others ; slight re- 
 gard ; scorn. 
 
 It was neither in eimtempt nor pride t)iat I did 
 not bow. Esther 
 
 The shame of being miserable 
 Exposes men to scorn and base contempt. 
 Even from their nearest friends. Denham. 
 
 There is no action, in the behaviour of one man 
 towards another, of which human nature is luore 
 impatient than of contempt ; it being an underva- 
 luing of a man, upon a belief of his utter useless- 
 ness and inability, and a spiteful endeavour to en- 
 gage the rest of the world in the same slight es- 
 teem of hiin. Sout'i. 
 
 His friend smiKd scornful, and with proud con- 
 tempt 
 Rejects as idle what his fellow dreamt- 
 
 Dryden's Fallcs. 
 
 Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, ihefciii- 
 tempt of wliich is great. Addison. 
 
 2. The state of being despised ; vileness. 
 
 The place was like to come unto contempt. 
 
 i! Mac. iii. 18. 
 Conte'mptible. adj. [from contempt.] 
 
 1. Worthy of contempt ; deserving scorn. 
 
 No man truly knows himself, but he groweth 
 daily more contemptihie in his own eyes. 
 
 Taylor's Gn'idt to Deeotion. 
 From no nne vice exempt. 
 And most contemptible to shun contempt. Fopc'sfp. 
 
 2. Despised ; scorned ; neglected. 
 
 There is not so contemptible a plant or animal, 
 that does not confound the most enlarged under- 
 standing. Locke. 
 
 3. Scornful ; apt to despise ; contemptuous. 
 
 This is no proper use. 
 
 If she should make tender of her love, 'tis very 
 possible he'll scorn it ; for the man hath a con- 
 temptible spirit. Shakesp. 
 
 Conte'mptibleness. n.s. [from con- 
 temptihie.] The state of being contempt- 
 ible ; the state of being despised; mean- 
 ness ; vileness ; baseness ; cheapness. 
 
 Who, bv a steady practice of virtue, comes to 
 discern the CDiilcmJJiiWtiiesi of baits wherewith he 
 allures us. DecayoJ Piety. 
 
 Contemptibly, adv. [from contempti- 
 ble] iMeanly ; in a manner deserving 
 
 contempt. 
 
 Know 'st thou not 
 Their hniguage, and tl eir ways ' They also know. 
 And reason not contemptibly. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Contemptuous, adj. [from contempt.] 
 Scornful ; apt to despise ; using words 
 or actions of contempt ; insolent. 
 
 To neglect God all onr lives, and know that 
 we nesleci him ; to olfend Uod voluntarily, and 
 know' tli.it weortend him, casting our hopes on 
 the pe.ice which we trust to make at parting, is no 
 other than a rebellious presumption, and even a 
 
 39i
 
 CON 
 
 cnntemptttout laiigti'mg to scorn and deriding of 
 Gud, Ills liiws, uiid prccrpis. 
 
 Ualtigh's Hist, of the Wm-ld. 
 
 Some much averfc I found, and wond'roua 
 
 harsh, 
 
 Contemptuous, |>roud, set on revenge and spile. 
 
 Milton'sAgonistcs. 
 
 Rome, tlie proudest part of the heatlien wnrU), 
 
 entertained the most coatemi'tuoiis opinion of the 
 
 Jev%s. Atterburtj. 
 
 Conte'mi'TUOusly. adv. [from con- 
 templiiviis.] With scorn ; with despite; 
 scornfully ; tlespitefiillv. 
 
 I throw iiiv name against the bruising stone, 
 Trampling cotttemptnottsty on tliy diadem. Hhakesp. 
 
 The apw-itles and moat eminent Cinistians were 
 poor, and u^ed amtemptutmslij,Taulor'sHoly Living. 
 
 If lie ouverns tyrannically in youth, he will 
 i»e treated cnnternjitttouslit in ase ; and the baser 
 his enemies, the more intolerable the alFront. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 A wise man would not speak conternptuotislij of 
 a prince, thcmgh out of his dominions. Tiitotsan. 
 
 Conte'mptuousness. n. s. [from con- 
 iempliious.] Disposition to contempt ; 
 insolence. Diet. 
 
 To CONTEND, v. n. [contendo, Lat.] 
 J . To strive ; to struggle in opposition. 
 
 Hector's forehead si)it forth blood 
 At Grecian swords contending. Shakcsp. Coriolanus. 
 
 His wonders and his praises do cmiteHd 
 Which should be iliine or his. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Death and nature do contend about them. 
 Whether thev live or die. Sbukesp. l\Iacbetk. 
 
 Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with 
 them in battle ; for I will nut give thee of their 
 land. Dent. ii. 9. 
 
 2. To vie ; to act in emulation. 
 
 You sit above, and see vain men below 
 Contend for what you only caji bestow. Dryden. 
 S. It has for before the ground or cause 
 of contention. 
 
 The (piestion which our author would contend 
 for, if he did not forget it, is, what persons liave 
 a right to be obeyed. Locke. 
 
 4. Sometimes about. 
 
 He will lind that many things he fiercely con- 
 tended about were trivial. Decay oj Piety. 
 
 5. It has ii'ith before the opponent. 
 
 This batUe fares like to the morning's war. 
 When dying clouds contend with growing light. ^ 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 If we consider him as our Maker, we cannot 
 contend with him. Temple. 
 
 G' Sometimes against. 
 
 In ambitious strength I did 
 Contend against thy valour. Shuliesp. Coriolanus. 
 To Co nte'n D. r. ci. To dispute any thing; 
 to contest. 
 
 Their airy limbs in sports they exercise, 
 And on the green contend the wrestler's prize. 
 
 Driiden's ^neid. 
 A time of war at length will come. 
 When Carthage sliall contend the world with Rome. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Thus low we lie. 
 Shut from this day and tliat contended sky.Dryd. 
 
 CONTENDENT. 71. s. [from co?i I end.] An- 
 tagonist ; opponent ; cliampion ; com- 
 batant. Not used. 
 
 In all notable changes and revolutions, tlie con- 
 tendeats have been still made a prey to the third 
 
 party. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Contender, n. s. [from contend.] Com- 
 batant ; champion. 
 The cotitenders for it look upon it as undeniable. 
 
 Locke. 
 Those disputes often arise in good earnest,where 
 the two contenders do really believe the diti'erent 
 propositions which they support. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONTENT, adj. [contentus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Satisfied ; so as not to repine ; easy, 
 though not iiighly pleased. 
 
 Born to the spacious empire of the Nine, 
 One would liave thought she should have been 
 
 content 
 To manage well that mighty government. Dryd. 
 
 Who is content, is happy. Locke. 
 
 A man is perfectly content with the state he is in, 
 when he is perl'eclly without any uneasiness. LiK-ie. 
 
 Foe t^ loud praise, and friend to learned ease. 
 Content with science in the vale of peace. 
 
 Pope's Epistles. 
 
 2. Satisfied, so as not to oppose. 
 
 Submit you ti the people's voices, 
 Allow their.olBcers, and be content 
 To suffer lawful censure. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 To Content, f. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1 . To satisfy, so as to stop complaint ; not 
 to offend ; to appease, without plenary 
 hajjpiness or comjrlete gratification. 
 
 Content thyself with this nmch, and let this sa- 
 tisfy thee, ifiat 1 love thee. Sidney. 
 
 (jreat n)inds do sometimes content themselves 
 to llireaten, when they could destroy. Tillotson. 
 
 Do not content yourselves with obscure and con- 
 fused ideas, where clearer are to be attained. 
 
 Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. To please ; to gratify. 
 
 Is the adder better than the eel. 
 Because his painted skin contents the eye. Shakesp. 
 
 It doth much content me. 
 To hear him so inclin'd. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 If a man so temper his actions, as in some one 
 of them he doth content every faction, the musick 
 of praise will be fuller. Bacon. 
 
 Wheat is contented with a meaner earth, and 
 contenting with a suitable gain. Careie's CornwoU. 
 
 Content, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Moderate happiness ; such satisfaction 
 as, tliough it does not fill up desire, ap- 
 peases complaint. 
 
 Nought's had, all's spent, 
 'V^'here our desire is got without eonfe«(. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 One thought content the good to be enjoy 'd ; 
 This every little accident destroy 'd._ Dryd. 
 
 A wiscV<"i(en( his even soul secur'd ; 
 By want not shaken, nor by wealth allur'd. 
 
 Smith on Philips. 
 
 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction in a thing 
 unexamined. 
 
 Others for language all their care express, 
 And value books, as women men, for dress ; 
 Their praise is still — the stile is excellent ; 
 The sense they humbly take upon content. 
 
 Pope's Epistles. 
 
 3. [From conlentns, contained.] That which 
 is contained, or included, in any thing. 
 
 Thonsh my heart's content firm love doth bear, 
 Nothing of that shall from mine eyes appear. 
 
 SItakesp. 
 
 Scarcely any thing can be determined of the 
 particular contents of any single mass of ore by 
 mere inspection. W'ooduard. 
 
 Expernnents are made on the blood of healthy 
 animals : in a weak habit serum might afford other 
 contents. Arbutluwt. 
 
 4. The power of containing ; extent ; ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 This'island had then fifteen hundred strong ships 
 of creat cim!e«t. Bacon. 
 
 It were good to know the geometrical content, 
 figure, and situation of all the lands of a kingdom, 
 accortiing to natural bounds. 
 
 Graunt's Bills of Mortality. 
 
 5. That -vvhich is comprised in a writing. 
 In this sense the plural only is in use. 
 
 I have a letter from iier, 
 Of such contents as you will wonder at. Shakesp, 
 
 CON 
 
 I shall prove these writings not counterfeits, 
 
 but authentick ; anrl the contents true, and worthy 
 
 of a divine original. Grew's Cosmologia. 
 
 The contents of both books come before those of 
 
 the first book, m the thread of the story. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Content ATION. n.s. [from content.] Sa- 
 tisfaction ; content. Out of use. 
 
 I seek no better warrant than my own consci- 
 ence, nor no greater pleasure than mine own cofi- 
 tentatioti. S'ulney. 
 
 Fourteen years space, during the minority of 
 Gordianus, the govennnent was with great ap- 
 plause and contentation in the hands of Misitheus, 
 a pedant. Bacon. 
 
 The shield was not long after incrusted with a 
 new rust, and is the same, a cut of which hath 
 been engraved and e.vhibited, to the great conten- 
 tation of the learned. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 Contented, participial ailj. [from con- 
 tent.] Satisfietl ; at quiet ; not repining ; 
 not demanding more ; easy, though not 
 plenarily happy. 
 
 Barbarossa, in hope by sufferance to obtain an- 
 other kingdom, seemed contented with the answer- 
 Knolles's History. 
 Dream not of other worlds, 
 Contented that thus far has been revealed, 
 Not of earth only, but of highest heaven. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 If he can descry 
 Some nobler foe approach, to him he calls. 
 And begs his late, and then contented falls. 
 
 Denham. 
 To distant lands Vertumnus never roves. 
 Like you contented with his native groves. Pope. 
 
 Contentedne.ss. n.s. [fvom contented.] 
 State of satisfaction in any lot. 
 
 AnL'lin^ was, after tedious study, a calmer of 
 unquiet thoughts, a moderator of p.issioiis, a pro- 
 curer of contentedness. Walton's Angler. 
 
 Contention, n. s. [contentio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Strife; debate; contest; quarrel; mu- 
 tual opposition. 
 
 Can we with manners ask what 
 
 ■vas the ditFer- 
 
 Safelv, I think ; 'twas a rmitcntion in pub- 
 lick. " Shakesj}. 
 
 Avoid foolish questions and genealogies, and 
 con!efifie?w and strivings. Tit. iii. 9 
 
 Can they keep themselves in a perpe'ual Cdnlcn- 
 tion with tlieir ease, their reason, and their God, 
 and not endure a short combat with a sinful cus- 
 tom ? , Oeeay of Piety. 
 
 The ancients made contention the |irniciple thnt 
 reicned in the chaos at firs', and then love; the 
 one to e.vnress the divisions, and the other the 
 union of all parties in the iniddle and common 
 }jQQ(j_ Burnet's Theory of the Earth, 
 
 •2. Emulation; endeavour to excel. 
 
 Sons and brother at a strife ! 
 What is your quarrel ? how began it first? 
 Ku cjuatrei, but a sweet contention. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. VI. 
 
 .3. Eagerness ; zeal ; ardour ; vehemence 
 of endeavour. 
 
 Your own earnestness and contention to effect 
 what you arc about, will continually suggest to 
 you several artifices. Holder. 
 
 ' This is an end, which at first view appears 
 worthy our utmost contention to obtain. liogos. 
 
 Contentious. flf//.[fromco7!/f7!.'/.] Quar- 
 relsome ; given to debate ; perverse ; not 
 peaceable. 
 
 Thou thinkcst much tliat this contentious storm 
 Livades us to the skin. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 There are certain contfiltioiit humours that are 
 never to be pleased. L'EvJraj.-e. 
 
 Rest made them idle, idleness made them cu- 
 rious, and curiosity contentious. Decay of Piety. 
 
 396
 
 CON 
 
 Contentious Jurisdiction. [In law.] A 
 court which has a power to judge and 
 determine differences between contend- 
 ing parties. The lord chief justices, and 
 iudoes, have a co«<fn?io(W jurisdiction ; 
 but'the lords of the treasury, and the 
 commissioners of the customs, have none, 
 fceing merely judges of accounts and 
 transactions. Chambns. 
 
 CoNTENTIorSLY. adv. [from twiltrt- 
 tious.] Perversely; quarrelsomely. 
 
 We shall not conlettlimslu rcj'.in, or only tojus- 
 tifv our own, but to applaud and confirm Ins nia- 
 turcr assertions. BrDun. 
 
 Contentiousness. «. s. [from contm- 
 tioiis.] Proneness to contest ; pcrverse- 
 ness ; turbulence ; quarrelsomeness. 
 
 Do not con(cn(ii)i«nfS, and cruelty, and study of 
 rerenge, seldom fail of reuiliation. 
 
 Bentleus. Sermom, 
 
 Conte'ntless. adj. [from content.} Dis- 
 contented ; dissatisfied ; uneasy. 
 
 Best stales, contentless. 
 Have a distracted and most wretched being. 
 Worse than the worst, content. SItakesp. Timon 
 
 Conte'ntme.nt. n. s. [from content, the 
 verb.] 
 
 1 . Acquiescence, without plenary satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 Such men's contentment must be wrougbt bv stra- 
 tagem : the usual luetUod of fare is nut for thi-ra. 
 
 Hooker, 
 
 Submission is the only reasoning between a 
 creature and its Maker, and contentment i" bis 
 will is the best remedy we can apply to misfor- 
 tunes. Temjile. 
 
 Contentment, without e.\ternal honour, is humi- 
 lity ; without the pleasure of eating, temperance. 
 Greic's Cosmologia. 
 
 Some place the bliss in action, some in ease ; 
 Those call it pleasure, and contentment these. 
 
 Pope's Essay. 
 
 But now no face divine contentment wears, 
 'Tis all blank sadness, or continual tears. Pope. 
 
 2. Gratification. 
 
 At Paris the prince spent one whole day, to give 
 his mind some contentment in viewing of a famous 
 city. Wotton. 
 
 Conte'rminous. adj. [conterminus,l.at.] 
 Bordering upon ; touching at the boun- 
 daries. 
 
 This conformed so many of them, as were con- 
 terminous to the colonies and garrisons, to the Ro- 
 man laws. Hale. 
 
 Conterraneous. adj. [conterraneus, 
 Lat.] Of the same country. Did. 
 
 To CONTEST, r. a. [conlester, Fr. pro- 
 bably from contra testari, Lat.] To dis- 
 pute ; to controvert ; to litigate ; to call 
 in question. 
 
 *Tis evident upon what account none have pre- 
 sumed to contest the proportion of these ancient 
 pieces. Dryden's Dufresnoy. 
 
 To Contest, v. n. 
 
 1. To strive ; to contend ; followed by 
 uith. 
 
 The diiricnlty of an argument adds to the plea- 
 sure of conttsting uith it, when there are hopes of 
 victory. Bumct. 
 
 2. To vie ; to emulate. 
 
 1 do contest 
 As hotly and as nobly uith thy love. 
 As ever in ambitious' strength' I did 
 Contend against thy valour. Skah'sp. Coriotanus. 
 
 Of man, w-ho dares in pomp u'it/tjuve contest, 
 Unchang'd, immortal, and supremely blest ? 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 CON 
 
 Contest, n. s. [from the verb. It is now 
 accented on the first syllable.] Dispute ; 
 difference ; debate. 
 
 This of old no less contests did move, * 
 Than when for Homer's birlh sev'n cities strove. 
 
 Denham. 
 A definition is the only way whereby the mean- 
 ing of words can be known, without leaving: room 
 for contest about it. Locke. 
 
 Leave all nc.isy contests, all immodest clamours, 
 and brawling language. K'ults. 
 
 Conte'stable. adj. [from contest.] That 
 may be contested ; disputable ; contro- 
 vertible. 
 
 Contestableness. n. s. [from contesta- 
 ble.] Possibility of contest. Diet. 
 
 Contest a'tion. n.s. [from contest.] The 
 act of contesting ; debate ; strife. 
 
 Doors shut ; visits forbidden, and, which was 
 worse, divers contestations even with the queen 
 her.self. MoUon. 
 
 After years spent in domestick, unsociable ci>«- 
 testations, she found means to withdraw. C/urc/idi»n. 
 
 To CONTE'X. V. a. [contexo, Lat.] To 
 
 weave together; to unite by interposition 
 of parts. This word is not in use. 
 
 Nature may contei a plant, tiiouuh tliatbea per- 
 fectly mixt concrete, without having all the cle- 
 mcnis previously presented to her to compound 
 it of. Boyle. 
 
 The fluid body of quicksilver is cantered with 
 the salts it carries up in sublimation. Boyle. 
 
 Context, n.s. [contextus, Lat.] The ge- 
 neral scries of a discourse ; the parts of 
 the discourse tliat precede and follow 
 the sentence quoted. 
 
 TTiat chapter is really a representation of one, 
 which hath only the knowledge, not practice, of 
 his duty ; as is manifest from the conteit. 
 
 Hammond on Fundamentals 
 
 Context, adj. [from conte.t.] Knit to- 
 gether; fit in. 
 
 Hollow and thin, for lirhtness ; but withal con- 
 text and firm, for strength. 
 
 Derham's Physico-Theology. 
 
 Conte'xture. n. s. [from con^f.r.] The 
 disposition of parts one amongst others ; 
 the composition of any thing out of se- 
 parate parts ;.the system ; the constitu- 
 tion ; the manner in which any thing is 
 woven or formed. 
 
 He was not of any delicate contexture ; his limbs 
 rather sturdy than dainty. Wotton. 
 
 Every species, afterwards expressed, was pro- 
 duced from that idea, forming that wonderful con- 
 tciture of created beings. Dryden's Vujresnoy. 
 
 Hence 'gan relax 
 The ground's coii(fi(ure ; hence Tartarian dregs, 
 Sulphur and nitrous spume, enkindling fierce, 
 Bellow'd within their darksomecaves. Ph Ups. 
 
 Tliis apt, this wise cnnlfitureof the sea. 
 Makes it the ships, driv'n by the winds, obey ; 
 \\ hence hardy tyrchants sail from shore to shore. 
 
 Blackmnre. 
 
 Contignation. n.s. [conti^atio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . .V frame of beams joined together ; a 
 story. 
 
 We mean a porch, or cloister, or the like, of 
 
 one contignation, and not in storied luildings. 
 
 Wotton's Architecture. 
 
 Where more of the orders than one shall be set 
 
 in several stories or co?itigJUitiotis, there must be 
 
 an exquisite care to place the columns one^ over 
 
 another. Wotton. 
 
 2. The act of framing or joining a fabrick 
 of wood. 
 
 CON 
 
 Contiguity, m. ». [from configvoii.f.'] Ac- 
 tual contact ; situation in which two bo- 
 dies or countries touch upon each other. 
 
 He defined magnetical attraction to be a natu- 
 tural imitation and disposition conforming unto 
 contiguity. Brown, 
 
 The iiumediate contiguity of that convex were 
 a real space. Hale's Origin if Mankirtd. 
 
 COSTIGUOL'S. adj. [contiguus, Lat] 
 
 1. Meeting so as to touch ; bordering upon 
 each other ; not separate. 
 
 Flame doth not min;;lc with flame as air doth 
 with air, or water with water, but ouly remaineth 
 cimtisiwus ; as it Cometh to pass betwixt consisting 
 bodies. Bacons Xa(. Hiss. 
 
 Tlie loud misrule 
 Of chaos far remov'd ; lest fierce extremes, 
 Contieuons, might distemper the whole frame. 
 
 The East and West, 
 Upon the globe, a mathemalick point 
 Only divides : thus hapiincss and misery. 
 And all extremes, are stiW contiguous. 
 
 Dcnham's Sophu, 
 Distinguish them bv the diminution of the 
 lights and shadows, joniing the contiguous objects 
 by the participation of their colours. 
 
 Dritden't Vufremoy. 
 When 1 viewed it too near, the two halls of the 
 paper did not appear fully divided from one ano- 
 ther, but seemed contig'uius at one of their angles. 
 Ketrton's Opticks. 
 
 2. It has sometimes with. 
 
 Water, being contiguous uith a'u-, coolelli it, but 
 moistenelh it not. Bacon's Sat. Hilt. 
 
 Contiguously, adr. [from contiguous.] 
 Without any intervening spaces. 
 
 Thusdiscmbroil'd. iliey take their proper placei 
 The next of kin contigvously embrace. 
 And foes are sunder'd by a larger space. 
 
 Uryden's Odd. 
 
 Contiguousness. n. s. [from contigu- 
 ous.] Close connexion ; coherence. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Continence.\„ J [continentia, Lat.] 
 
 CONTINENCY.j 
 
 1 . Restraint ; command of one's self. 
 
 He knew what to say ; he knew also when to 
 leave otF, a cmtincnce wliich is practised by few 
 writers. Drudcn's Fables, Preface. 
 
 2. Forbearance of lawful pleasiire. 
 
 Content without lawful veucry, is continence; 
 without unlawful, chastity. Grea's Cosmolnpa. 
 
 3 Chastity in general, 
 
 Where is he ' — 
 —In her chamber, making a sermon or eonti- 
 nerurv to her, and rails, and swears, and rates. 
 
 Shakesp. Taming ot the Shrete. 
 Suffer not dishonour to approac'h 
 Tir Imperial scat ; to virtue consecrate. 
 To justice, ci'iitiiieiice, and nobilitv. 
 
 Shaltesp. TUus Andronicui_ 
 
 i. Moileration in lawfid pleasures. 
 
 Chastity is cillior abstinence or ci>iilinfm-f ; ab. 
 stineiice is that of virgins or widows ; coiUinenre, 
 of married persons. Taylor. 
 
 5. Continuity : uninterrupted course. 
 
 Answers ought to be made brf.ire the same 
 judgr, before whim the depositions wee pro- 
 duced, lest the ci>nttnfii« of the course should be 
 divided ; or, in other terms, lest there should be 
 a discontinuance of the cause. AuUjlc's Parcrgon. 
 
 CONTINENT, adj. [conlin'ens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Chaste ; abstemious in lawfid pleasures. 
 
 Life 
 Hath been as cmitintnt, as chaste, as true 
 .\s I am now unhappy. Shakesp. irinlfr'i Tale. 
 
 2. Restrained ; moderate ; temperate. 
 
 39^.
 
 , CON 
 
 I pray 3011, have a continent furbearsnce, till the 
 speed of his rage goes slower, iyhakexp. King Lear. 
 
 3. ContiniiDUS ; connected. 
 
 Tiie north-east part of Asia, if not rontinenf with 
 tlie uest side of America, yet certainly is the least 
 disjomed by sea of all that coast of Asia. 
 
 BrercuiKul on Languages. 
 
 4. Opposing ; restraining. 
 
 My desire 
 All cmtinent inipcdinieuts would o'erbear, 
 Tliat did op])ose niy will. Shakesp. 
 
 Co'ntinent. n.s. [continen.i, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Land not disjoined by the sea from other 
 lands. 
 
 Whether this portion of the world were reut 
 By the rude ocean from the ovitincnt. 
 Or thus created, it was sure design 'd 
 To be tlie sacred refuge of mankuid. IValltr. 
 
 The declivity of rivers will be so much the less, 
 and therefore the continents will be the less drain- 
 ed, and will gradually increase in humidity. 
 
 Bent ley's Sermons. 
 
 2. That which contains any thing. This 
 sense is perhaps only in Shakespeare. 
 
 cleave, my sides ! 
 Heart, once he stronger tlian thy conti/ient ; 
 Crack thy frail case. Shak. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 Close pent up guilts 
 Rive your contending continents. Sliak. King Lear. 
 
 To CONTINGE. v. n. [contingo, Lat.] 
 
 To touch ; to reach ; to happeii. Dkf. 
 
 Conti'ngence. I^ n. s.[homcontingent.] 
 
 Contingency. J The quality of being 
 
 fortuitous ; accidental possibility. 
 
 Their credulities assent unto any prognosticks, 
 
 which, considering the contingencii in events, are 
 
 only in the prescience of God.Bniiiiji's I'utg. Err. 
 
 For once, O heav'n ! unfold thy adamantine 
 
 book ! 
 
 If not thy firm, immutable decree. 
 
 At least the second page of great contingenci), 
 Such as consists with %\ills originally free.Drqtlm. 
 Aristotle says, we are not to build certain'ruJes 
 upon the contingency of human actions. South. 
 
 Conti'ngent. adj. [confingens, Latin.] 
 Falling out by chance ; accidental ; not 
 determinable by any certain rule. 
 
 Hazard naturally implies in it, first, something 
 future ; secondly, something contingent. South. 
 
 I first informed myself in all maierial circum- 
 stances of it, in more places than one, that there 
 might be nothing casual or contingent in any one 
 of those circumstances. Woodward. 
 
 Conti'ngent. n.s. 
 
 1 . A thing in the hands of chance. 
 
 By contingents we are to understand those things 
 which come to pass without any human forecast. 
 Grew's Cosmologia. 
 
 His understanding could almost pierce into fu- 
 ture cmtiugents, his conjectures improving even 
 to prophecy. South's Sermons. 
 
 2. k proportion that falls to any person 
 upon a division : thus, in time of war, 
 each prince of Germany is to furnish 
 his contingent of men, money, and mu- 
 nition. 
 
 CONTSNGENTLY. c/r/r. [from contingent.] 
 Accidentally ; without any settled "rule. 
 _ It is digged out of the earth contingently, and 
 nidifferonily, as the pyrit» and agates. 
 
 Woodinird's Nat. Hi-it. 
 
 CoNTiNGENTNESS. U.S. [from Contin- 
 gent.] Accidentalness. 
 
 Continual. ac(j. [continuus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Incessant ; proceeding without inter- 
 iiiption ; successive without any space 
 of time between. Continual is used of 
 time, and continuous of place. 
 
 CON 
 
 He that is of a merry heart, Iiath 
 feast. 
 
 continual 
 Proverbs. 
 Other care perhaps 
 May have diverted from continual watch 
 Our great forhidder. Milton. 
 
 Tis all blank sadness, or continua/ tears. Pope. 
 . [In law.] A continual claim is made 
 from time to time, within every year and 
 day, to land or other thing, which, in 
 some respect, we cannot attain witliout 
 danger. For example, if I be disseised 
 of land, into wliicli, thougli I have right 
 into it, I dare not enter for fear of beat- 
 ing; it behooveth me to hold on my right 
 of entry to the best opportunity of me 
 and mine heir, by approaching as near it 
 as I can, once every year as long as I 
 live ; and so I save the right of entry to 
 my heir. Cowell. 
 
 3. It is sometimes used for perpetual. 
 Continually, ade. [from continual.] 
 
 1. Without pause ; without interruption. 
 The drawing of boughs into the inside of a room 
 
 where fire is continually kept, hath been tried with 
 grapes. Bacon. 
 
 2. Without ceasing. 
 _ \\ by do not all animals continually increase in 
 
 bigness, during the whole space of their lives > 
 Bentteus Sermons. 
 
 Continuance, n. s. [from continue.] 
 
 1. Succession interrupted. 
 
 The brute iminediately regards his own preser- 
 vation, or the coHliiiua/ice of his species. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. Permanence in one state . . 
 Continuajicc of evil doth in itself increase evil. 
 
 Sidneu. 
 
 A chamber where a great fire is kept, though 
 the fire be at one stay, yet with the continuance 
 continually hath its heat increased. Sidnei/. 
 
 These Romish casuists speak peace to the con- 
 sciences of men, by suggesting something which 
 shall satisfy their minds, notwithstanding a known 
 avowed continuance in sins. South. 
 
 S. Abode in a place. 
 
 4. Duration ; lastingness. 
 Vou either fear his humour, or my negligence, 
 
 that you call in question the continuance of his 
 love. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 Their duty depending upon fear, the one was 
 of no greater coTitinHflTice than the other Hauward. 
 
 That pleasure is not of greater contiiirwnce, 
 w'hich arises from the prejudice or malice of its 
 hearers. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 5. Perseverance. 
 To them who, by patient continuance in well- 
 doing, seek for glory, and honour, and immorta- 
 lity, eternal life. " Romans ii. 7. 
 
 6. Progression of time. 
 In thy book all ray members were written, 
 
 which in continiuince were fashioned. 
 
 Psalm cxx.xix. 16. 
 
 7. Resistance to separation of parts ; con- 
 tinuity. 
 
 Wocil, tow, cotton, and raw silk, have, besides 
 the desire of continuance in regard of the tenuity 
 of their thread, a greediness of moisture. Bacon. 
 
 CoNTiNUATE. adj. [continuatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Immediately united. 
 
 We are of him and in him, even as though our 
 very ilesh and houes should be made continnate 
 with his. Hooker. 
 
 2. Uninterrupted ; unbroken. 
 A most incomparable man, breath'd, as it were. 
 
 To an untirable and continuate goodness. 
 
 Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 A clear body broken to small pieces producelh 
 
 white ; and becometh most black while it is con- 
 
 CON 
 
 tinuate and undivided, as we see in deep waters 
 and thick glasses. Pcacham. 
 
 CoNTlNUATELY. adv. [from continnate.] 
 With continuity ; without interruption. 
 
 The water ascends gcnllv, and by intermissions: 
 
 but It falls continuatelii and with force. li'ilkins. 
 
 Continuation, n. s. [from continnate.] 
 
 Protraction, or succession uninterrupted. 
 
 These things must needs be the works of Pro- 
 vidence, fur the continuation of the species, and 
 upholding the world. 7(„^_ 
 
 The Roman poem is but the second part of the 
 
 llias ; a continuation of the same story. Dryden. 
 
 Conti'nuative. n. s. [from continuate.] 
 
 An expression notinjr 
 
 duration. 
 
 permanence or 
 
 To these may be added continuatives : as, Rome 
 remains to this day ; which includes at least two 
 propositions, I'is. Rome was, anil Rome is. 
 
 Walts's Logich. 
 CoNTlNUATOR. n. s. [from cojitinuate.] 
 He that continues or keeps up the series 
 or succession. 
 
 It seems injurious to Providence to ordain a way 
 of production which should destroy the producer, 
 or contrive the continuation of the species by the 
 destruction of the continuator. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 To CONTINUE, v. n. [cojitinuer, Fr. con- 
 tinuOf Lat.] 
 
 1. To remain in the same state, or place. 
 
 The miiUitucie continue with me now three days* 
 and have notliin^ to eat. Matthew xv.o2. 
 
 The popular vote 
 Inclines here to continue, and build up liere 
 A growing empire. Milton, 
 
 Happy, hut for so happy iil secur'd. 
 Long to continue. Milton, 
 
 He six days and nights 
 Continued making. MUton, 
 
 2. To last ; to be durable. 
 
 Thy kingdom shall not continue. 
 
 1 Samuel, xiii. 14. 
 For here have we uo continuing city, but we 
 seek one to curae. Hebrews xiii. 14. 
 
 They imagine that an animal of the longest du- 
 ration should live in a continued mution, without 
 that rest whereby all others continue. 
 
 Browns Vulg. En\ 
 
 3. To persevere. 
 If ye continue in my word, then are ye my dis- 
 ciples indeed. John viii. 31. 
 
 Down rush'd the rain 
 Impetuous, and continued till the earth 
 No more was seen. Milton. 
 
 To Conti'nue. V, a, 
 
 1 . To protract, or hold -without interrup- 
 tion. 
 
 O continue thy loving kindness unto tliem. 
 
 P.'ialm xxxvi. 10. 
 
 You know how to make yourself happy, by 
 only co7itinuing such a life as you have been long 
 accustomed to lead. Pope. 
 
 2. To unite without a chasm, orinterven* 
 ing substance. 
 
 The use of the navel is to continue the infant 
 unto the mother, and by the vessels thereof to 
 convey its aliments and sustenance. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Eir. 
 The dark abyss, whose boiling gulpti 
 Tamely endur'd a tridge of wondVous length, 
 From hell continued, reaching th' utmost orI» 
 Of this frail world. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Here Priam's son, Deiphobus, lie found, 
 Whose face and limbs "ere one continited wound ; 
 Dislinnest, wit4i lojip'd arms, the youth appears, 
 Spoii'd of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears. 
 
 Drvdeus ^neid. 
 
 Where any motion or succession is so slow, as - 
 that it keeps not pace with the ideasin our minds, 
 there the series of a constant ccnt'rtued succession 
 is lost ; and we perceive it not but with certain 
 gaps of rest between. Lccke. 
 
 898
 
 CON 
 
 Conti'nuedly. adv. [from continued.l 
 
 Without interruption ; witliout ceasinij. 
 
 Bv perseverance, I do not uiul-rstand a conli- 
 
 nueilxi unifonii, equal c.')iir&e of obedience, and 
 
 »uch as is uot interrupted with the least act uf sin. 
 
 1^ orris. 
 CoNTl'NUEK.n. «. [from continue.'] Hav- 
 ing the power of perseverance. 
 
 1 would my horse had the speed of your tongue, 
 and so good a ciJntinuer. 
 
 ^itaktfp.Mtich adLiabout Xnthing. 
 
 CoNTlNU'lTY. n.s. [continuilas, I^t.] 
 
 1 . Connexion uninterrupted ; cohesion ; 
 close union. 
 
 It is certain, that in all bodies tlicre is an ap- 
 petite of unlou» and evitatioii of solution of con- 
 tinuity. Baom's Sat. Hist. 
 
 After the great liahts there must be great sha- 
 dows, which we call reposes ; because in reality 
 the sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a 
 continuitif of glittering objects. Drudcn. 
 
 It wraps itself about the flame, and b^' its con- 
 tumitt/ hinders any air or nitre from comnig. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. In physick. 
 
 That texture or cohesion of the parts of an ani- 
 mal body, upon the destruction of which there is 
 said to Ije a solution of continuity. Qiiincy. 
 
 As in tire natural body a wound or solution of 
 continuity is worse than a corrupt humour, so in 
 the spiritual. Baron's Essays. 
 
 The solid parts may be contracted by dissolv- 
 ing their continuity ; for a 6bre, cut through, con- 
 tracts itself. Arbuthrwt. 
 
 Conti'nuous. adj. [contiiiHus, Lat.] 
 Joined together without the intervention 
 of any space. 
 
 As the breadth of every ring is thus augmented, 
 the dark intervals must "be diminished, until tlie 
 neighbouring rings become continuous, and are 
 blended. Xeu-tons Opticks. 
 
 To whose dread expanse. 
 Continuous depth, and wond'rous length of course. 
 Our floods are rills. Thomsoiis Summt-r. 
 
 To CONTO RT. r. a. [coniortus, Lat.] To 
 twist ; to writhe. 
 The vertebral arteries are variously contorted. 
 
 Kay. 
 Air seems to consist of spires contorted into small 
 spheres, through the interstices of which the par- 
 ticles of light may freely pass. Cheitne. 
 CoNTO'RTiON. 71. s.[fromcon/oi-<.] Twist; 
 wry motion ; fle.xure. 
 
 Disruption they would be in danger of, upon a 
 great and sudden stretch or contortion 
 
 Raut'm the Creatum. 
 
 How can she acquire those hundred graces and 
 
 motions, and airs, the cojitorcions of every muscular 
 
 motion in the face ' Swiji. 
 
 COXTOUR. n.s. [Ft.] The outline; 
 
 the line by which any figure is defined 
 
 or terminated. 
 Contra. A Latin preposition, used in 
 
 composition, which signifies iis^ainst. 
 CO'NTRAB.AND. adj. [contrabando,lta\. 
 
 contrary to proclamation.] Prohibited; 
 
 illegal ; unlawful. 
 
 If there hapnen to be found an irreverent ex- 
 
 firession, or a tliouglit too wanton, in the cargo, 
 et them be slavea or forfeited, like contraband 
 goods. Dryden's Fabks, Bref. 
 
 To Co NTRAB.\ND. f. a. [from the adjec- 
 tive.] To import goods prohibited. 
 To CD'NTRACT. t.a. [contractus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To draw together into less compass. 
 
 Why love among the virtues is not known ; 
 It is, that love contracts them all in one. Donne. 
 
 2. To lessen ; to make less ample. 
 
 In all things desuetude doesconfracf and narrow 
 our faculties. Cocernment of the Tongue. 
 
 CON 
 
 3. To draw the parts of any thing to- 
 gether. 
 
 To him the angel with contracted brow. Milton. 
 
 4. 'J'o make a bargain 
 
 On him thy grace did liberty bestow ; 
 But first contracted, that, if ever found, 
 His head should pay tne forfeit. Dryden's Fablet. 
 b. To betroth ; to affiance. 
 
 The truth is, she and I, long since contracted, 
 Are now so sure that nothing can dissolve us. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 She was a lady of the highest condition in th.it 
 country, and contracted to a man of merit and 
 quality. Tatlcr 
 
 6. To procure ; to bring ; to incur ; to 
 draw ; to get. 
 
 Of enemies he could not but contract good store, 
 while moving in so high a sphere. King Charles. 
 
 He that but conceives a crime in thought, 
 Contract* the danger of an actual fault. 
 
 Dnjdens Juvenal. 
 
 Like friendly colours, found them both unite. 
 And each from each contract new strength and 
 light. Pope. 
 
 Such behaviour we contract by having much con- 
 versed with persons of high stations. Suijt. 
 
 7. To shorten : as, life was contracted. 
 
 8. To epitomise ; to abridge. 
 To Contract, r. n. 
 
 1 . To shrink up ; to grow short. 
 
 Whatever empties the vessels, gives room to the 
 fibres to contract. Arbnthnat on Aliments 
 
 2. To bargain ; as, to contract ^or a quan- 
 tity of provisions. 
 
 Co'ntract. part. adj. [from the verb.] 
 Affianced; contracted. 
 
 First was he contract to Lady Lucy ; 
 Your mother lives a witness to that vow. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 Co'ntract. n. s. [from the verb. Ancient- 
 ly accented on the last syllable.] 
 
 1. An act whereby two parties are brought 
 together ; a bargain ; a compact. 
 
 The agreement upon orders, by mutual contract, 
 with the consent to execute them by common 
 strength, they make the rise of all civil govern- 
 ments. Temple. 
 
 Shall Ward draw contracts with a statesman's 
 skill ? 
 Or Japhct pocket, like his grace, a will .' Pope. 
 
 2. An act whereby a man and woman are 
 betrothed to one another. 
 
 Touch'd you the bastardy of Edward's chil- 
 dren ' — 
 •^1 did, with his contract with lady Lucy, 
 And his Cimtract by deputy in France. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 3. .A writing in which the terms of a bar- 
 gain are included. 
 
 Contractedness. n. s. [from contract- 
 ed.] The state of being contracted ; con- 
 traction. Diet. 
 
 Contract! bi'lity. n s. [from contrac- 
 tible.] Possibility of being contracted ; 
 quality of suffering contraction. 
 
 By this continual contractibilitu and dilatability 
 by oifferent degrees of heat, the air is kept in a 
 constant motion. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Contra'ctible. adj. [from contract.] 
 Capable of contraction. 
 
 Small air bladders, dilatable and contractible, 
 are capable to be inflated by the admission of air, 
 and to subside at the expufsion of it 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Contea'ctibleness. n. s. [from con- 
 tractible.] The quality of suffering con- 
 traction. Diet. 
 
 Contka'ctile. adj. [from contract.] 
 
 CON- 
 
 Having the power of contraction, or of 
 shortening itself. 
 
 The arteries arc elastick tubes, endued with a 
 contrflctilf force, by which they squeeze and drive 
 the blood still forward. Arbuthnot on Altmentt. 
 
 Contraction. n.s.[conlraclio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of contracting or shortening. 
 
 'J'hc main parts of the poem, such as the fable 
 an<l sentiments, no translator can prejudice but 
 by omissions nr Ctmtracliims. Poj^e's KsS'iU «m Hoincr. 
 
 2. I he act of shrinking or shrivelbng. 
 
 Oil of vitriol will throw the stomach into invo- 
 lun'arv contracl'ums. Arbuthnot on .■ilimenU. 
 
 3. The btitte of being contracted, or drawn 
 into a narrow compass. 
 
 Some things induce a contraction in the nerves, 
 ('laced in the mouth of the stomach, which is a 
 great cause of ai. petite. Baevn. 
 
 Comparing the quantity of contractir.n and dila- 
 tation made by all the degrees of each colour, 1 
 found it greatest in the red. .Vetrfon'i Optirh». 
 
 4. [In grammar.] The reduction of two 
 vowels or syllables to one. 
 
 5. Any thing in its state of abbreviation or 
 contraction : as, the Kriliug is full of 
 contractions. 
 
 Contr.actor. n.s. [from contract.] One 
 of the parties to a contract or bargain. 
 
 Let the measure of your allirmation or denial be 
 the understanding of your contractor ; for he that 
 deceives the buyer or the seller by speaking what 
 is true, in a sense not understood by the otlier. is 
 a thief. Taylor's Rule tif hiring Holy. 
 
 All matches, friendships, and societies arc daii- 
 gerous and inconvenient, where the contrortorj are 
 not equals. L'Estrangr. 
 
 To CONTRADICT. t>. a. [contradico, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To oppose verbally ; to assert the con- 
 trary to what has been asserted. 
 
 It is not lawful to contradict a point of history 
 which is known to all the world, as to make Han- 
 nibal and Scipio contemporaries with Alexander. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 
 2. To be contrary to ; to repugn ; to op- 
 pose. 
 
 \o truth can controrlirt any truth. Hooker. 
 I contradict your ban s : 
 If you will marry, make your loves to ine. 
 
 Shakesp. King Tear. 
 
 Contradi'cter. n. s. [from contradict.] 
 One that contradicts ; one that opposes ; 
 
 an opposer. 
 
 If no cnntiarfirter appears herein, the suit will 
 surely be pood. .iylij^e's Parerg. 
 
 If a gentleman is a little sincere in his represen- 
 tations, he is sure to have a dozen nmtradicton. 
 Su-ift's Tien: >f Ireland. 
 
 Contradi'ction. n. s. [fiom contradict.] 
 I. \'erbal opposition; controversial asser- 
 tion. 
 
 That tongue, 
 Inspir'd with conirad'iction, durst oppose 
 .\ third part of the gods. iiitton's Par. Lat. 
 
 '2. Opposition. 
 
 Consider him tliat enduteth such contraiirtion 
 of siiniers against himself, lest ye be wearied. 
 
 Hebrews xii. .S. 
 
 3. Inconsistency with itself; incongruity 
 in worils or thoughts. 
 
 Can he make deathless death ? That w ere 
 Strange contradiction, which to God himself 
 Impossible is held ; an argument 
 Of weakness, not uf power. Milton's Par. Lest. 
 
 The apostle's advice, to be angrv and sin not, 
 was a contradiction in their philosop"liy. 
 
 South's Semioni. 
 
 If trutli be once perceived, we do thereby also 
 perceive whatsoever is false iu contradiction to ir. 
 Gretc's Cosmologia, 
 
 4. Contrariety, in thought or effect. 
 
 399
 
 CON 
 
 All contradictions "row in tliose minds, which 
 neither absojutelv cliuib the rock of vittue, nor 
 freely sink into tlic sea of vanity. Siiliieti. 
 
 La«5 Innnan nuist he made without co«(rii(/(("- 
 tioH unto any positive law in seri|»liirc. Hinikei-. 
 
 CoNTRADi'cTious. a((j. [fVoiii contra- 
 dict.] 
 J. Filled with contradictions; inconsistent. 
 
 The rules of decency, of izovernnient, of justice 
 itself, are so dili'erent in one place from what they 
 ere in another, so party-etjioured and contraiiiclionl^ 
 that one would think the species of men altered 
 accoiclin.^' to their climates. CoUci\ 
 
 2. Inclined to contradict ; given to cavil. 
 
 3. Opposite to ; inconsistent witli. 
 
 Where the act is unmanly, and the expectation 
 immoral, nr contraiiictious tt>the attributes of God, 
 our hopes we ouglit never to entertain. Coliicr. 
 
 ContradTctiousness. n.s. [from con- 
 
 tradiclioiis.] 
 1. Inconsistency ; contrariety to itself. 
 
 This opinion was, for its absurdity and contfa- 
 dictiousuess, unworthy of the retined spirit of J'luto. 
 
 Noiris. 
 
 2.Disposition to cavil ; disputatious teinper. 
 
 CoNTRADl'cTORiLY. adv. [from contra- 
 
 dictort/.] Incotisiotcntly with himself; 
 
 oppositely to others. 
 
 Such as have discoursed hereon, have so di- 
 versely, contrarily, (,r contradictorily delivered 
 themselves, that no affirmative from thence can 
 be reasonably deduced. Broirn. 
 
 Cuntra'dictoriness. n. s. [from co?i- 
 tradictori/.] Opposition in the highest 
 dej;ree. JJict. 
 
 CoNTRADi'cTORY. adj. [controdictorius, 
 Lat ] 
 
 1. Opposite to ; inconsistent with. 
 
 The Jews hold, that in case two ral.bies should 
 happen to contradict one another, tliey were yet 
 bound to believe the contradictorii assertions* of 
 both. South s Sennnns. 
 
 , The schemes of those gentlemen are most ab- 
 surd, and contradictory to common seiue. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. [In logick.] That which is in the full- 
 est opposition, wliere both the terms of 
 one proposition are opposite to those of 
 another. 
 
 CoNTRADl'cTORY. 7i. s. A proposition 
 which opposes another in all its terms ; 
 contrariety ; inconsistency. 
 
 It is common with princes t« will contradictories; 
 for it is the solecism of power to think to com- 
 mand the end, and yet not to endure the means. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To ascribe unto him a power of election, not to 
 
 chuse this or that inditlerently, is to make the 
 
 same thing to be determined loune, and to be not 
 
 determined to one, which are contradictories, 
 
 Bramhall's Answer to Hobbes. 
 
 Contradisti'nction. n. A-. [from co?i- 
 ti-adistingnish.] Distinction by oppo- 
 site qualities. 
 
 We niust trace tlie soul iu the ways of intellec- 
 tual actions, whereby we may coiue to the dis- 
 jincl knowledge of wliat is meant by imagination, 
 in contradistinction to some other jiowers. 
 
 Glanvitle's Scepsis. 
 
 That there are such things as sins of infirmity, 
 in contradistinction to tliKSe of presumption, is a 
 truth not to be questioned. South. 
 
 To CONTRADISTINGUISH, v. a [from 
 contra and distinonhh.'] To distinguish 
 not simply by differential but bv oppo- 
 site qualities. 
 
 The prhuary ideas we have peculiar to body, as 
 contradistinguished to spirit, are the cohesion of so- 
 lid , and conseq uently separable, parts, and a pow- 
 er of communicating motion by impulse. Locke. 
 
 CON 
 
 These arc our complex ideas of soul and body, 
 as coiitradhtinguished. Locke. 
 
 C<»NTRAFi'ssuRE. 7t,s. [from contra axui 
 
 Jissni't'.] 
 
 Contusions, when great, do usually produce a 
 fissure or crack of the scull, either iu (he same 
 part vvhrre the blow was inflicted, and then it is 
 called fissure; or in the contrary part, in which 
 case it obtains tiie name of contrajissure. Wiseman. 
 
 7'oCON'rilArNDICATE. i'. a. [contra 
 and'indico, Lat.] 'I'o point out some 
 peculinr or incidental symptom or me- 
 lliod of cure, contrary to what the ge- 
 neral tenour of the malady requires. 
 
 \'oinits have their use iu this mahidy ; but the 
 age and sex of tiie [)atient, or other urgent or 
 cuntruindiciiting symptuuis, must be observed. 
 
 Harvey on Coftsumjitions. 
 
 Contraindica'tion. n.s. [from cont ra- 
 indicate. 'I An indication or symptom, 
 which forbids that to be done Avhich the 
 main scope of a disease points out at first. 
 
 Quincif, 
 
 I endeavour to give the most simple idea of the 
 distemper, and fiie pruper diet ; abstracting from 
 the cumplicatiuns of the lirsi, or the contraindica- 
 tions to the second. Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Contramu're. n.s.[contranure, Fr.] In 
 fortification, is an out-w^all built about 
 the main wall of a city. Chambers. 
 
 Contrani'tency. «. s. [from contra 
 and nitens, Lat.] Reaction ; a resist- 
 ency against pressure. Diet. 
 
 Contraposition, n. s, [from contra 
 and position.] A placing over against. 
 
 Contraregula'rity. n. s. [fvomcontra 
 
 and regularity.] Contrariety to rule. 
 
 It is not only its not promotintr, but its oppos- 
 ing, or at least its natural aptness to oppose, the 
 greatest and best of ends ; so that it is not so pro- 
 perly an irregularity as a contraregularity. Koiris^ 
 
 Contra'riant. adj. [contrarianty from 
 contrarier, Fr.] Inconsistent ; contra- 
 dictory : a term of law. 
 
 The very depositions of witnesses themselves 
 being false, various, conirariant, single, inconclu- 
 dent, Ayli^es Purergon. 
 
 Co'ntraries. n.s. [from contrary.] In 
 logick, propositions which destroy each 
 other, but of which the falsehood of one 
 does not establish the truth of the othtr. 
 
 If two universals differ in quality, they are con- 
 traries ; as, every vine is a tree, no vine is a tree. 
 These can never be both true together, but tluy 
 may be both false. Watts's Logick. 
 
 Contrari'ety. n.s, [from cGnlrarietas, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Repugnance; opposition. 
 
 The will about one and the same thing may, in 
 contrary respects, have contrary inclinations, aiid 
 that without contrariety. Hooker. 
 
 Making a contrariety the place of my memory, 
 in her ftniiness I beheld Pamela's fafrness, still 
 looking on jMopsa, but thinking on Pamela. Sidn. 
 
 He which will perfectly recover a sick, and re- 
 store a diseased, body under health, must not en- 
 deavour so much to bring it to a stae of simple 
 C07itrarietu, as of fit proportion in contrariety unto 
 those evils winch are to be cured. Hooker. 
 
 It principally failed by late setting out, and by 
 some contrarietif of weatlier at s-.a. M'ottoji. 
 
 Their religion had more than negative coritra- 
 riety to virtue. Decay of PuIi/. 
 
 1 here is a contrariety between those tnings that 
 conscience inclines to, and those that entertain 
 the senses. South. 
 
 CON 
 
 These two interests, it is to be feared, cannot 
 be divided ; but lliey will also prove opposite, 
 and, not resting in a bare diversity, quickly rise 
 into a contrariety. .^uth. 
 
 'I'here is nothinj; more common than contrariety 
 of opinions ; nothing more obvious than that one 
 man wholly disbelieves what another only doubts 
 of, and a third stedfastly believes and h'ruily ad- 
 heres to. Locke. 
 
 2. Inconsistency ; quality or position de- 
 structive of its opposite. 
 
 He will be here, anrl yet he is not here ; 
 How can these contrarieties agree r" 
 
 Shakesj}. Henry IV. 
 
 Contra'rily. adv. [from contrart/.] 
 
 1 . In a manner contrary. 
 
 Many of them conspire to one and the same 
 action, and all this contrarily to the laws of spe- 
 cifick gravity, in ^vhatever posture the body be 
 formed. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 2. Different ways ; in different directions. 
 
 Though all men desire happiness, yet their wills 
 carrv them so contrarily, and conse4uently some 
 of tliem to what is evil. 'Locke, 
 
 Contra'rine.ss. n..«. [from contrary.'] 
 
 Contrariety ; opposition. Diet. 
 
 CoNTRARlous. adj. [from contruryi] 
 
 Opposite; repugnant the one to the 
 
 other. 
 
 God of our fathers, what is man ! 
 
 Tiiat thou towards him, with hand so various. 
 
 Or might 1 say controrions, 
 
 I'emiier'st thy providence through his short 
 course ? Mdlon. 
 
 Contra'riously. adv. [from contra- 
 rious.'\ Oppositely ; contrarily. 
 
 jMan^' things, having full reference 
 To one consent, may work contrariousli^. 
 
 Shukesp. Henry V. 
 
 Contra'riwise. adv. [contrary and 
 u'ise.] 
 
 1. Conversely. 
 
 Divers medicines in greater quantity move stool, 
 and in smaller urine ; and so, contrariwise, some 
 in greater quantity move urine, and in smaller 
 stofil. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 Every thing that acts upon the fluids, must, at 
 the same time, act upon the solids, and contrari~ 
 vise. Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. Oppositely. 
 
 The matter of faith is constant ; the matter, 
 contrariwise, of actions, daily changeable. Hooker. 
 Ihis request was never before made by any 
 other lords ; but coiitrariuise, they were humble 
 suitors to have the benefit and protection of the 
 English laws. Vavics on L-eland. 
 
 The sun may set and rise : 
 But we, contrariwise. 
 Sleep, after our short light, 
 One eveilasting night. 
 
 i?fl/eig/i\s History of the irorltf. 
 
 CO'NTR.i^RY. adj. [contrariu.^, Lat.] 
 
 1. Opposite; contradictory; not simply 
 
 different, or not alike, but repugnant, so 
 
 that one destroys or obstructs the other. 
 
 Perhaps some thing, repugnant to her kind. 
 By stroll:; antipathy the soul may kill ; 
 
 "But what can be contrary to the mind, 
 Which holds all contraries in concord still ? 
 
 Davia. 
 
 2. Inconsistent ; disagreeing. 
 
 He that believes it, and yet lives contrary to it, 
 knows that he hath no reason for what he does. 
 
 Tiltutson. 
 
 Tlie various and contrary choices that men 
 make in the world, do not argue that they do not 
 all pursue good ; but that the same thing is not 
 good to every man alike. Locke. 
 
 3. Adverse ; in an opposite direction. 
 
 400
 
 CON 
 
 The ship was in the midst of llie sea, tossed 
 with the waves , for the wind was contrary. 
 
 Mdllh. xir. 24. 
 
 Co'ntrary. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A thing of opposite qualities. 
 No contraries hold more aiitipatjiy. 
 
 Than 1 and such a knave. 6/iuAVsj). King Lear. 
 
 He sung 
 Why contraries feed thunder in the cloud. 
 
 CowUij's Davi'icis. 
 Honour should he concern'd in honour's cause ; 
 Tiiat is not to he cur'd bv contraries. 
 As bodies are, wlinse liea*lth is often drawn 
 From rankest poisoiia. Sinitbern's Oroonoko. 
 
 2. A proposition contrary to some other; 
 a fact contrary to the allegation. 
 
 Tlie instances brought by our author are but 
 slender proofs of a right to civil power and do- 
 minion iu the first-bom, and do rather shew the 
 contrary. Locke. 
 
 3. On the contrary. In oppo.sitionj on 
 the other side. 
 
 He pleaded still not co'lty : 
 The king's attorney, on the contrary, 
 XJtfi'ii on examinations, proofs, confessions, 
 Of diverse witnesses. Shakesp. Henrtt VITI. 
 
 If justice stood on the side of the single persoji, 
 it ought to give good men pleasure to see tliat 
 ■ right should take place ; but when, oh the contrary, 
 the commonweal of a whole nation is overborn 
 by private interest, what good man but must la- 
 ment ? S'i'fi. 
 
 4. To the contrary. To a contrary pur- 
 pose; to an opposite intent. 
 
 They did it, not for want of instruction to the 
 catArary. Stillingfieet. 
 
 To Contrary, v. a. [conti-aritr, Fr.] 
 To oppose ; to thwart ; to contradict. 
 
 When I came to court, I was advised not to 
 contrary the king. Latimer. 
 
 Finfiing in him the force of it, he would no fur- 
 ther cotitrary it, but employ all his service to 
 medicine if. Sidney. 
 
 CONTRAST, n. s. [contrastr, Fr.] Op- 
 position and dissimilitude of figures, by 
 ■which one contributes to the visibility 
 or effect of another. 
 
 To Contra'st. I', a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To place in opposition, so that one 
 figure shews another to advantage. 
 
 2. To shew another figure to advantage 
 by iu colour or situation. 
 
 ^ The figures (»f the groups must not be all on a 
 side, that is, witli their faces and bodies all turned 
 the_ same way ; but must contrast each other by 
 their several positions. Drydcn. 
 
 CoNTRAVALL-iTlON. w. s. [from co7ilra 
 and rallo, Lat.] The fortification thrown 
 up by the besiegers, round a city, to 
 hinder the sallies of the garrison. 
 _ \V hen the late czar of Muscovy first acquainted 
 himself with mathematical learning, he practised 
 all the rules of circumvallation alid contravalU- 
 tion at the siege of a town in Livonia. 
 
 IVatts^s Logick. 
 
 To CONTRAVE'NE. v. a. [contra and 
 venio, Lat.] To oppose; to obstruct; 
 to baffle. 
 
 Contrave'ner. n. s. [frora contravene.] 
 lie who opposes another. 
 
 Contrave'ntion. n. s. [Fr.] Opposi- 
 tion. 
 
 If Christianity did not lend its name to stand 
 in the gap, and to employ or divert these humour!,, 
 they must of necessity 'be spent in confraienlii'rts 
 to llie laws of the land. Suiji. 
 
 CoNTRAYERVA. n. s. [conti'a against, 
 and^f ji-fl a name by which the Spaniards 
 call black hellebore ; and, perhaps, some- 
 
 Voi. I. 
 
 CON 
 
 times poison in general.] A species of 
 birthworth growing in Jamaica, where 
 it is much used as an alcxipliarmick. 
 
 Mil/cr. 
 
 ContRECTa'tiov. 71. .1. [conlreclalio, 
 Lat.] A touching or handling. fJicf. 
 
 Contributauy. atJJ. [from con and 
 tribiilnriy.] Paying tribute to the same 
 sovereign. 
 
 Tiius we are engaged in the objects of geometry 
 and arithmctick ; yea, the whole malhematicks 
 must be contributary, and to them all nature pays 
 a subsidy. GtanvilU's Scepiis. 
 
 To CONTRrBUTE. v. a. [contribiio, 
 Lat.] To give to some common stock ; 
 to advance towards some common de- 
 sign. 
 
 England contributes much more than any other 
 of the allies. Addison on the War. 
 
 His master contributed a great sum of munt-y 
 to tite Jesuits church, which is not yet quite 
 tiniblied. Addison on halo. 
 
 To Contri'bute. r. n. To bear a part ; 
 to have a share in any act or effect. 
 
 AVhatever praises m.ay be given to works of 
 judgment, there is not even a single beauty in 
 them to which the invention must not contribute. 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 Contribij'tion. n. s. [from conlri- 
 bitle.] 
 
 1. The act of promoting some design in 
 conjunction with other persons. 
 
 2. That which is given by several hands 
 for some common purpose. 
 
 It liath pleased tiiein of i\Iacedonia to make a 
 certain contribution for the poor saints. Rom. \v. 26. 
 
 Parents o«e their children not only material 
 subsistence for their bi^dy, but much more spiri- 
 tual contributions for their mind. Digby. 
 
 Begiiars are now maintained by voluntarv con- 
 tri'nitions. Gruant's hitls of Mortality. 
 
 3. That whicli is paid for the support of 
 an army lying in a countr)^. 
 
 Tlie people 'twi,\t Philippi and this ground 
 Do stand but in a forc'd ari'ection ; 
 For tlley have grudg'd us contribution. 
 
 ahakesp. Julius Ccesar. 
 
 Contri'butive. aflj. [from contribute.] 
 That which has the power or quality 
 of promoting any ptirpose in concur- 
 rence with other motives. 
 
 As the value of the promises renders them most 
 proper incei.t'ves tu virtue, so the manner of pro- 
 posing we shall tiad also highly contributive to the 
 same end. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Contri'butor. n. s. [from coni/ibute.] 
 One that bears a part in some common 
 design ; one that helps forward, or 
 exerts his endeavours to some end, in 
 conjunction with others. 
 
 I prornis'd «e would be contributors. 
 And bear his charge of wooing, whatsoe'er. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 A grand contributor to our disseiuions is passiun. 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Art thou a true lover of thy country"? zealous 
 for its religious and civil liberties ? and a chearful 
 contributor to all those publick expences which 
 have been thought necessary to secure them ? 
 
 Anerbury. 
 
 The whole people were witnesses to the build 
 ing of the ark and tabernacle ; they were all run- 
 tributors to it. Fini)cs. 
 
 Contri'butory. adj. [from contribute.] 
 Promoting the same end ; bringing 
 assistance to some joint design, or in- 
 crease to some comHion stock. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONTRrST.\TE v. a. [ron frhfn, 
 Lat] To sadden ; to make sorrowful; 
 to make melancholy. Not used. 
 
 Blackness and darkness arc but privaiircj, and 
 therefore have little or no activity ; soinewbat 
 they do cojitristate, but Tery little. 
 
 J^acous Sat. Hist. 
 
 Contrista'tion. n. a. [fr«m amlri- 
 state.] The act of making sad ; the 
 state of being made sad ; sorrow ; hea- 
 viness of heart; sadness; srirrowtuhiess; 
 gloominess ; grief; moan ; motimful- 
 ness ; trouble ; discontent ; melancholy. 
 Not used. 
 
 Incense and nidorous smells, such as were of 
 sacrifices, were thoughi to intoxicate ll>e brain, 
 and to dispose men to devotion ; which ihey may 
 do by a kind of sadness and contrittation of tlie 
 spirit's, and partly also by heatiiis and FKaltitrj; 
 tliem. liacon's -Vat. Hist. 
 
 CONTRITE, arlj. [contritu>., Lat.] 
 
 1 . Bruised ; much worn. 
 
 2. Worn with sorrow ; harassed ■«'ith the 
 sense of guilt ; penitent. In the books 
 of divines, con^ We is sorrowful for sin, 
 from the love of Ci od and desire of pleas- 
 ing him ; and attrite is sorrowful tor 
 sin, from the fear of puni.shment. 
 
 I Richard's body have interred now ; 
 Aiid on it iiave best .wed more contrite, tears. 
 Than from it issued forced droi)s of bluod. 
 
 Shahesp. Henry V 
 Witli tears 
 Wat'ring the ground, and with our sighs the air 
 Freiiuenting, sent from hearts contrite, in sign 
 Of sorrow unfeign'd, and humiliation meek. 
 
 Miltm 
 
 The contrite sinner is restored to pardon, and, 
 
 throvigh faith in Clirist, our repentaiice is eiitiiKd 
 
 to salvation. Hogers. 
 
 Contri'teness. n. s. [from contrite] 
 Contrition ; repentance. Diet. 
 
 CoKTRl'TlON. n.s. [from contrite.] 
 i. The act of grinding, or rubbing to 
 powder. 
 
 Some of those coloured powders, which pain- 
 ters u*e, raav have their colours a little chanced, 
 bv being v'ery elaborately and finely ground ; 
 w'licre I see not what can lie justly pretended for 
 those changes, besides the breaking of llieir parts 
 into less parts by tliat contritiim. 
 
 NetetoHS Opticks. 
 2. Penitence ; sorrow for sin : in the strict 
 sense, the sorrow which arises from tho 
 desire to please (iod ; distinguishetl 
 from attrition, or imperfect repentance 
 produced by dread of hell. 
 
 ^^ iiat is sorrow and contritivt for sin.' A being 
 grieved with tlie conscience of sin, not only that 
 we have thereby incurred such danger, but also 
 that we have so "unkindly grieved .tnd j>rovuked 
 so good a God. Hammond's Practical Cutcchism. 
 Fruits of 'more [,leasing favour, from thy seed 
 Sown with contrition in his heart, than those 
 \\ liich, his own hand manurin<:, all the trees 
 Of Paradise could have produced. Milt. Par.Lfist. 
 Your fasting, coiitrition, and mortification, when 
 the church and state appoints, and tliat especial ly 
 in times of greater riot and luxury. 
 
 Sffratt s Sermons. 
 My future days shall be one whole contrition ; 
 A chapel will I hu'M with large endowment. 
 Where every day an hundred aiicd men 
 Shall all holll up their wither'd hands to heav'n. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 CoNTRi'vABLE. adj. [from contrive.] Pos- 
 sible to be planned by the mind ; possi- 
 ble to be invented atid adjusted. 
 It will hence appear how a perpetual motion 
 U'Ukiiii's Didalui. 
 
 may seem easily contrivaole. 
 3 F 
 
 401
 
 CON 
 
 Contrivance, w. s, [from coritrive.] 
 
 1. I'hc act of contriving; excogitation; the 
 
 thing contrived. 
 Tlu'ie is no woik impossible to these contri- 
 vances, but there may be us much acted by this art 
 Hs can be fancied by imagiualioii. 
 
 WUkins's Mathematical Magich. 
 Instructed, you'll explore 
 Divine contrivance, and^a God adore. 
 
 Blachmore's Creation. 
 
 2. Scheme; plan; disposition of parts or 
 causes. 
 
 _ Our bodies arc made according to the most cu- 
 rious artifice, and orderly contrivaiice. 
 
 Glanvitte^s Scepsis. 
 li. A conceit; a plot; an artifice. 
 
 Iluve 1 not nianag'd my contrivance well, 
 To try your love, and make you doubt of mine? 
 
 Drifdeu. 
 There might be a feint, a contrivance in the luat- 
 ter, to draw him into some secret ambush. 
 
 Atterhury. 
 
 To CONTRI'VE. v. a. [controtiver, FrJ 
 
 1. To plan out ; to excogitate. 
 
 One that slept in the contriving lust, and waked 
 to do it. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 What more likely' to contrite tills adniirable 
 frame of the universe than infinite wisdom ? 
 
 Tillotson 
 
 Our poet lias always some beautiful design, 
 which lie first establishes, and then contrives tlie 
 means which will naturally conduct him to his 
 end. Dryden. 
 
 2, To wear av/ay. Out of use. 
 
 Three ages, such as mortal men contrive, 
 
 Fairif Queen. 
 Please ye, we may contrive this afternoon. 
 And quan carouses to our mistress' health. Shak, 
 
 To CoNTRi'vE. V. n. To form or design ; 
 to plan; to sclieme ; to complot. 
 
 Is it enough 
 That masking habits, and a borrow'd name, 
 Contrive to hide my plenitude of shame? Prior. 
 
 CONTRi'vEMENT. «. *. [from cotitrive.] 
 Invention. Diet 
 
 CON 
 
 Speak, what Phcebus has inspir'd thy soul 
 For common good, and speak witliout control. 
 
 Uri/Jen's Homer. 
 3. Power ; authority ; superintendence. 
 
 The beasts, the fishes, and tlie winged fowls, 
 Are their males' subjects, and at their controls. 
 
 Shukesp. 
 To Contro'l. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To keep under check by a counter rec- 
 koning. 
 
 2. To govern ; to restrain ; to subject. 
 
 Authority to convent, to control, lo inniish, as 
 far as with excommunication, whomsoever they 
 tliink worthy. Hooker. 
 
 Give me a staifof honour for mine age ; 
 But not a sceptre to control the world. 
 
 Sliukesp. Titus Andronicus. 
 
 Who shall control nic for my works ? Eccl. v. 3. 
 
 I feel my virtue struggling in my soul : 
 But stronger passion does its power control. 
 
 CoNTRi'vER. n. s. [from conlrive.] An 
 inventor; one that plans a design; a 
 schemer. 
 
 I, the mistress of vourcharms, 
 The close contriver ot all liarms. 
 Was never call'd to bear my part. Shak. Macb. 
 
 Epeus, who the fraud's contriver was. Denham. 
 
 Plain loyalt3', not built on hope, 
 I leave to your contriver, Pope : 
 None love's his king and country better. 
 Yet none wa? ever less their debtor. .Suift. 
 
 Scenes of blood and desolation, I had |iaintcd 
 as the common effects of those destructive ma- 
 chines; whereof, he said, some evil genius, enemv 
 to manki.id, must have been the first contriver. 
 
 SwifVs Oidtivcr^s Travels. 
 
 CONTROL. 71. s. [co7itrvle, that is, 
 conire role, Fr.] 
 
 1. A register or account kept by another 
 officer, that each may be examined by 
 the other. 
 
 2. Check; restraint. 
 
 Let partial spirits still aloud complain. 
 Think themselves injur'd that they cannot reign ; 
 And own no liberty,' but where they may, 
 Without control, upon their fellows prey. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 He shall feel a force upon himself from within, 
 and from the control of his own principles, to en- 
 gage him to do worthily. South. 
 
 It the sinner shall win so complete a victiirv 
 over his conscience, that all those considerations 
 shall be able to strike no lerrourinto his mind, lay 
 no restraint upon his lusts, no control upon his ap- 
 petites, he is certahily too strong for the means of 
 g'^ee. South s Sermons. 
 
 power ( 
 
 Drt^doi^s Anrcngzebe. 
 With this he did a herd of goats control, 
 VVhicli by the way he met, aiid slily stole ; 
 Clad like a country swain he pip'd and sung. 
 And jilaying drove his jolly troop along. 
 
 Dryden. 
 O, dearest Andrew, says the humble drolC 
 Henceforth may I obey, and thou control. Prior. 
 3. To overpower ; to confute : as, he con- 
 trolled all the evidence of his adversary. 
 As for the time while he was in the Tower, and 
 the manner of his brother's death, and his own 
 escape, she knew they were things that a very few 
 could control. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Contro'llable. adj. [from conti-ol.] 
 Subject to control ; subject to command; 
 subject to be over-ruled. 
 
 Passion is the drunkenness of the mind, and 
 therefore, in its present workings, not controlluldc 
 by reason. South. 
 
 Contro'ller. n. s. [from cmUrol.'] One 
 that has the power of governing or re- 
 straining; a superintendent. 
 
 He does not calm his contumelious spirit. 
 Nor cease to be an arrogant controller. 
 
 Shukesp. Henrij \1. 
 The great controller of our fate 
 Deign'd to be man, and liv'd in low estate. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Contro'llership. 71. s. [from coti- 
 
 troller.] The office of a controller. 
 Contro'lment. 7t. s. [from C07tt7-ol.] 
 
 1. The power or act of superintending or 
 restraining. 
 
 2. The state of being restrained; restraint. 
 
 riiey made war and peace with one another, 
 wiihout conlrolment. Duvies on Ireland. 
 
 3. Opposition ; confutation. 
 
 Were it reason that we should suffer the same 
 to pass without controlment, in that current mean- 
 ing, whereby every where it prevailetb. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 4. Resistance ; hostility. 
 
 Here have we war for war, and blood for blood, 
 ConUolmint for controlutent. Shukesp. Kin}^ John. 
 
 Controve'rsial. adj. [from ioni70- 
 versy.] Relating to disputes; disputa- 
 tious. 
 
 It happens in controversial discourses as it does 
 in tile assaulting of towns, where, if llie ground 
 be but firm wherein the batteries are erected, 
 there is no faitlier enquiry whom it belongs to, 
 so it affords but a fit rise ibr the present purpose. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Co'ntroversy. tt. s. [controversia, Lat.] 
 i. Dispute; debate; agitation of contrary 
 
 opinions : a dispute is commonly oral, 
 
 and a C07il rover sy in writing. 
 How Cometh it to [lass that we are so rent with 
 
 mutual contentions, and that the church is so 
 
 CON 
 
 much troubled .' If men had been willing to leam, 
 all these controversies miizht have died the very day 
 they were first brought lorlli. Hooker. 
 
 Without controversy great is the mystery of god- 
 liness. I'Timothy. 
 
 Wild controversy then, which long had slept, 
 Into the iircss from ruin'd cloisters leajit. Denham. 
 
 This left no room for controversy about the title, 
 nor for encroachnient on the right of others. Locke. 
 
 2. A suit in law. 
 If there be a controversy between men, and they 
 
 come unto judgment, that the judges may judge 
 them, then they shall justify the righteous and 
 condemn (he wicked. Deuteronomy, xxt. 1. 
 
 3. A quarrel. 
 The Lord hath a controversy with the nations, 
 
 Jer. XXV. 31. 
 
 4. Opposition ; enmity. This is an un- 
 usual sense. 
 
 The torrent roar'd, and we did buffet it 
 'A'itli lu^y sinews ; throwing it aside. 
 And stemming it with hearts of controversy. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Ccesur. 
 
 To CO'NTROVERT. v. a. fc.(,7,lroverto. 
 Lat.] To debate ; to ventilate in oppo- 
 site books ; to dispute any thing in writ- 
 ing. 
 
 If any person shall think fit to conirovei't them, 
 he may do it very safely for me , 
 
 Cheync's Philosophical Princlpks. 
 
 Hooker seems to use the \^ ord cv7itrO' 
 ver.!e, if it be not an erratum. 
 
 Persuasion ought to be fully settled in men's 
 Iiearts, that, in litigations and cmttroversed causes 
 of such (luality, the will of God is to have them 
 to do whatsoever the sentence of judicial and 
 final decision shall determine. Hooker. 
 
 Controve'rtip.le. adj. [from contro- 
 vert. 1 Disputable ; that may be the 
 cause of controversy. 
 
 Discoursing (tf matters dubious, and many con' 
 trovertihletruiUs, weeanni»t wiihout arrogancy in- 
 treat a credulity, or implore any farther assent 
 than the probability of our reasons and verity of 
 our ex[)eriments. BrouJi's I ulgur Errinirs. 
 
 Controve'rtist. v. s. [from contro- 
 vert.'\ Disputant ; a man versed or en- 
 gaged in literary wars or disputations, 
 
 ^Vhocan think liiiuself so considerable as not 
 to dread lliiti mighty man of demonstration, this 
 prince of controvertists, this great lord and posses- 
 sor of first |jriiiei|)les ? TdtotSiin, 
 
 Contuma'cious. adj. [coniwna.v, Lat.] 
 Obstinate ; perverse ;'_tubborn ; inflexible 
 
 He is in law said to be a contumacious person, 
 who, on his appearance afterwards, departs the 
 court without leave. Ayliff'e's Parergon. 
 
 There is another very efficacious method for 
 subduing of the most obstinate contumacious sior- 
 ner, and bringing him into the obedience of tl»e 
 faith of Christ. Hummond's Fundamentals. 
 
 Contuma'ciously. ado. \f\-ovticontU7na- 
 cious.'] Obstinately; stubbornly; ii>- 
 fiexiljly ; perversely. 
 
 Contuma'ciousness. n. s. [from con- 
 titinticioiis.] Obstinacy ; perverseness ; 
 inflexibility ; stubbornness. 
 
 From the description I have given of it, a judg- 
 ment mav be given of the difficulty and contuTua- 
 ciousncss of cure. iriscman. 
 
 CO NTUMACY. «. s. [from conlumacia, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Obstinacy; perverseness ;stubbomness ; 
 inflexibility. 
 
 Such acts 
 O^ contumacy w-ill provoke the Highe.st 
 To make death in us live. Milt. Pur. last, 
 
 2. [In law.] A wilful contempt and dis- 
 obedience to any lawful summons or 
 judicial order. Ayliffe's Pa7-ergoti. 
 
 402
 
 CON 
 
 These certificales do only, in the generality, 
 mention the party's contumacies anri fiiHolietliciice. 
 
 Aiiljjii-'s Pitnr;^"n. 
 
 Contume'lious. adj. [contumtliosus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Reproachful; rude; sarcastick; con- 
 tein|>tuous. 
 
 Willi scoH's and scoms, and cmtumelious taunts, 
 la open niarltet-place produc d they me 
 To be a puljlick spectacle. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 In all llie ipiarRls and tumults al Kuuic, llioiigh 
 the people frecpientlv proceeded to rude cmdume- 
 I'wm laiif^uaiie, yet no bluod was ever drawn in 
 any po|)ular coiumotions, till the time of the 
 Gracchi. Swift. 
 
 2. Inclined to utter reproach or practise 
 insults ; brutal ; rude. 
 
 There is yet another sort of coniumelimn persons, 
 wlio indeed are not chargeable with that circum- 
 stance of ill employing their wit; fur thej' use 
 none of it. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Giving our holy vireins to the stain 
 Of ciTOdimc/ioiis, beastly, madbrain'd war. 
 
 Slittkc-)}}. Timon. 
 
 3. Productive of reproach ; shameful ; ig- 
 nominious. 
 
 As it is in the highest degree injurious to them, 
 so it is contumelious to him. Vecay of Piety. 
 
 Contume'liously. adv. [from contu- 
 melimis.] ReproachfiUly ; contemptuous- 
 ly ; rudely. 
 
 The people are not wont to take so great olTence, 
 when they are excluded from hoiiours and offices, 
 as when their persons are contumtUously trodden 
 
 upon. 
 
 Hooker 
 
 CON 
 
 3. A bruise ; a compression of the fibres, 
 distinguislicd from a wound. 
 
 That winter lion, who in rage forgets 
 Aged contMions, and all bruise of lime. 
 
 .Shakesp. Henry \'l. 
 
 The bones, in sharp colds, wax brittle; and ail 
 
 co7itHsions, ill hard weather, are mure hard to cure. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 \ n. s. [from am- 
 j vahsco, Lat.] lie- 
 recovery from a 
 
 Fie, lords I that you, being supreme magistrates, 
 Tlius contumeliously should Break the peace. 
 
 aiiakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Contume'liousness. n. s. [from con- 
 tumelious.] Rudeness ; reproach. 
 
 CONTUMELY, n. s. [contumelia, Lat.] 
 Rudeness; contemptuousness; bitter- 
 ness of language ; reproach. 
 
 If tlie helm of chief government be in the hands 
 of a few of the wealthiest, then laws, providing 
 for continuance thereof, must make the punish- 
 ment o( cottlumelit and wrong, oticred unto any of 
 the common sort, sharp and grievous, tiiat so the 
 evil may be prevented. Hooker. 
 
 Th' opi)ressor's wrong, the proud man's cou- 
 tumelUt 
 Tlie pang of despis'd love, the law's delay. 
 
 Shaktsji. Hamlet. 
 
 It was undervalued and depressed with some 
 bitterness and contumely. Clarendon. 
 
 Why should any man be troubled at the contu- 
 melies of those, whose judgment deserves not to 
 be valued ? Tillotson. 
 
 Eternal contumely attend that guilty' title, wliich 
 claims exemption from thought, and arrogates to 
 its wearers the prerogative of brutes. 
 
 .idiiis. Guard. 
 
 To CONTU'SE. V. a. [contusus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To beat together ; to bruise. 
 
 Of their roots, barks, and seeds, contused toge- 
 ther, and mingled with other earth, and well 
 watered with warm water, there came forth herbs 
 much like the other. Bacon. 
 
 2. To bruise the flesh without a breach of 
 the continuity. 
 
 The ligature contuses the lips in cutting them, 
 so that they require to be digested before they 
 can unite. Wiseman. 
 
 CoNTu'sioN. n. s. [from contusio.] 
 
 1 . The act of beating or bruising. 
 
 2. The state of being beaten or bruised. 
 
 Take a jiiecc of glass, and reduce it to powder, 
 it acquiring by contu.sion a multitude of minute 
 surfaces, from a diaphanous, degenerates into a 
 white body. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 Convale'scence. 
 
 Convale'scency. 
 newal of health ; 
 disease. 
 
 Being in a place out of the reach of any alarm, 
 she recovered her spirits to a reasonable convales- 
 cence. Clarendon. 
 
 CONVALE'SCENT. adj. [comafescens, 
 Lat.] Recovering; returning to a state 
 of health. 
 
 Conve'nable. adj. [convenahkj Fr.] 
 
 1. Consistent "witli; agreeable to; accord- 
 ant to. Not now in use. 
 
 He is ^o meek, wise, and merciable, 
 And with liis word his work is convenahle. 
 
 Spenser's Pastorals. 
 
 2. That may be convened. 
 
 To CONVENE, v. n. [convenio, Lat.] 
 J. To come together; to associate; to 
 unite. 
 
 The fire separates the aqueous parts from the 
 others, wherewith they were blended in the con- 
 crete, and brings tlieni into tlie receiver, where 
 they convene into a liquor. Bot/le. 
 
 In shoi t-^iighied men, wliose eyes are too plump, 
 
 tlie refraction being too great, the rays conver^o 
 
 and convene in the ^yes, Before they come at the 
 
 bottom. Newton's OjUicks. 
 
 2. To assemble for any publick purpose. 
 
 There are settled periods of their conimin^, or 
 a liberty left to the prince for convoking the KL;i.s- 
 lature. Locke. 
 
 To Conve'ne. v. a, 
 
 1. To call together ; to assemble ; to con- 
 voke 
 
 No man was better pleased with the conrenmg 
 of this parliament than myself. ^'"^ Charles 
 
 All tne factious and schismatical people would 
 frequently, as well in the night as the day, cim- 
 vene themselves by the sound of a bell. Clarendon. 
 
 And now fh' ahiiighty father of the gods 
 Convenes a council in the blest abodes. Pope's Stat. 
 
 2. To summon judicially. 
 
 By the papal canon law, clerks, Jn criminal and 
 civifcauscs, cannot be convened before any but an 
 ecclesiastical judge. Atjiije. 
 
 Conve'nience. \ w. s. [conrenicnfaj 
 Conve'niency, j Lat.] 
 
 1. Fitness; propriety. 
 
 Convenicncu is, when a thinii or action is so fit- 
 ted to the circumstances, and tlie circumstances to 
 it, that thereby it becomes a thing convenient. 
 
 Perkins. 
 
 In things not commanded of God, yet lawful, 
 because permitted, the qucsdon is, \\ hat Iiijlii 
 shall shew us the conveniency which one hath 
 above another ? Hooker. 
 
 2. Commodiousness ; ease ; freedom from 
 
 dithcultics. 
 
 A man putting ail his pleasures into one, is like 
 
 a traveller's putting all his L'ouds into one jewel ; 
 
 the value is the same, and tlie convcnieytce greater. 
 
 South's Serm->ns. 
 
 Every man must want something for the con- 
 venience odus Wie, for which he must iic oblii;etI 
 to otliers. Caluniii's Scnnons. 
 
 Tliere is another convenience in thi-* method, 
 during your waiting. Sivijt's Direct, to the Footman. 
 
 3. Cause of ease; accommodation. 
 
 If it have not .inch a conreniatce, voyages must 
 be verv uncomfortable. Hi/Aim's iUaM. Magick. 
 
 C O N 
 
 A man alters his mind as the work prficceds, 
 and wdl have this or (hat emirtnience more, of 
 which he bad nut thought whtn he bi-;:aii. 
 
 Drwitn's FablfM, Prefaer. 
 
 There wa.s a pair of spectacles, a | ock* i [ht- 
 
 speclive, and Mrveral mher lilllc conifuiencies, I 
 
 aid not think my.^elf bound in honour lo di^cuvtT. 
 
 Sutjt'i GuUivtTS TrattU. 
 
 4. Fitness of time or place. 
 
 L'se no farther nieHns ; 
 But, with all brief and phnn cmnenirncu. 
 Let me have jiidMiiient. Shakcrft. Mr* rh. aj' Venice* 
 
 CONVE'NIEN T. adj, [couvcnin.s, Lat] 
 
 1. Fit; suitJible ; proper; •well adapted ; 
 commodious. 
 
 The least and most trivial epi'*ofles, or under 
 actions, arc either necessary or contmient ; either 
 so necessary, tliat without them ilic poem must 
 beimperfect; or so CrtrtronVnf, that no nther» can 
 be imagined more suitable lo the pUcc in which 
 ihev are. Dryd. Dedication to the /l.neui. 
 
 rtealth itself is but a kind of temper, gotten 
 and preserved hy ^ convenient mi\tute of contra- 
 rieties. Ar}'Uthvot on Atiments. 
 
 2. It has either to or for before the fo. low- 
 ing noun : perhaps it ought generally 
 to have for before persons, and to be- 
 fore things. 
 
 Ghe me neither poverty nor riches, feed rac 
 with food convenient for me. PrOi\ xxx. 8. 
 
 There are some arts that are peculiarly c>mvt' 
 nient to some particidar nations. TiUotsoH. 
 
 Conve'niently. adi\ [from conve/ti- 
 ent.] 
 
 1. Commodiously ; ^vithout dlfTiculty. 
 
 I tliis m<tri:in[: know 
 Where we shall find him most conienitntly. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. Fitl}^ ; with proper adaptation of part 
 to part, or of the whole to the effect 
 proposed. 
 
 It would be worth the experiment to inquire, 
 whether or no a sailing chariot might be more con- 
 veniently framed with moveable sails, whose force 
 may be impressed from their motion, equivalent 
 to those in a wind-mill. W'ilkius. 
 
 CO'NVEN'l\ n. s. [coytrcutus, Lat.] 
 
 1. An assembly of religious persons; a 
 body of monks or nuns. 
 
 He came to Leicester; 
 Lodg'd in the alibey, where the reverend abbot. 
 With all his convejitf honourably receiv'd him. 
 
 ShakCfp. 
 
 2. A religious house; an abbey; a monas- 
 tery ; a nunnery. 
 
 One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground 
 more agreeable than ordinary, that is not covered 
 with a convent. Addison. 
 
 To Convent. v,a. [coniryiiot Lat.] 
 To call before a judge or jutlicature. 
 
 He with his oath 
 Bvall probation will make up full clear, 
 W'henever he's convcnud. Slinkcitp. Meas. for ]ileas. 
 They ^ent forth their precepts to attach men, 
 and convent them before theaiselvcs at private 
 houses, Bacoii's Henry \il. 
 
 Conve'nticle. n. s. [cotivcnticuluf/i. 
 Lat.] 
 
 1, An assembly ; a meeting. 
 
 They are commanded to abstain from all Con- 
 venticles of men w hatsoevcr ; even, out of tlie 
 church, to have nothing to do with nublick busi- 
 ness. Aylipe's Parer^on. 
 
 2. An assembly for worship. (lenermly 
 used in an ill sense, including heresy or 
 schism. 
 
 It behovcth, that the place where God shall be 
 served by the whole church be a publick place, 
 fur the avoiding of pvivy C()nirnfir/fs, which, co- 
 vered with pretence of religion, may serve unto 
 dangeroas practices. " Hooker. 
 
 403
 
 CON 
 
 '*Vlio far from steeples and tlieir sacred sound 
 111 fields llicir sullen dymtnticles found. Dn/tlcn 
 
 A sort of men, who are content to be stiled of 
 thf church of En^daiid, ^^ho perhaps attend its 
 service in llic morning, and go with their wives 
 to a cimvcnticlt in the .tfternoon. Swift. 
 
 3. A secret assembly; an assembly where 
 conspiracies are formed, 
 
 Av, ;ill of you have laid your heads together 
 (IMysclt had notice o( your ronvcnticlcs) 
 And all to make away my guiltless life 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 4. An assembly, in contempt. 
 
 If he revoked this plea too, 'twas because he 
 fo\ind t'lc expected council was dwindling into ;: 
 conicuticte, a packed assembly of Italian bisho]>s ; 
 not a free convention of fathers from all tpiarters. 
 
 Attcrlmrij 
 
 Conve'nticler. n. s. [from convent iclr. 
 One that supports or frequents private 
 and unlawful assemblies. 
 
 Anotlier crop is too like to follow ; na^', I fear, 
 it is unavoidable, if the convcntiders be permitted 
 still to scatter. Driidai. 
 
 Conve'ntion. n. s. [conventio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of coming together; union; 
 coalition; junction. 
 
 They are to be reckoned amongst the most 
 general alfections of the conventions, or associa- 
 tions, of several particles of matter into bodies of 
 any certain denomination. Boyle. 
 
 2. An assembly. 
 
 Public conventions are liable to ail the infirmi- 
 ties, follies, and vices of private men. Swift. 
 
 3. A contract; an agreement for a time^ 
 previous to a definitive treaty. 
 
 Conve'ntional. adj\ [from conven- 
 tion.'] Stipulated; agreed on by com- 
 pact. 
 
 Conventional services reserved by tenures upon 
 
 grants, made out of the crown or kiiishts service. 
 
 Hale's Common Lau\ 
 
 Conve'ntionary. adj, [from conven- 
 tion.'] Acting upon contract ; settled by 
 stipulations. 
 
 The ordinary covenants of most conventionaru 
 tenants are, to pay due capon and due harvest 
 journeys. Carew's Survey. 
 
 Conve'ntual. adj, [convcntueh Fr.] 
 Belonging to a convent ; monastick. 
 
 Those are called conventual priors, that have tlie 
 chief ruling power over a monastery, 
 
 Auitjfe's Parergnu. 
 
 Conve'ntual. n. s. [from conve?it.] A 
 monk ; a nun ; one that lives in a con- 
 vent. 
 
 I have read a sermon of a C(nl^T?^(Ha^ who laid 
 it down, tliat Adam could not laugh before the 
 fall. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 To CONVE'RGE. v. n. \conva-go, Lat.] 
 To tend to one point from different 
 places. 
 
 Where the ra^'s from all the points of any ob- 
 ject meet again, after tliey have been made to 
 converge by reflexion or refraction, there they 
 will make a picture of the object upon a white 
 body. Newtoiis Optichs. 
 
 Ensweeping first 
 Tlie lower skies, tliey all at once cf^nverge 
 High to the crown of hea^■en. Tliomstm s Autumn. 
 
 Conve'rgent. \a(lj. [from convergf.] 
 
 Converging. J Tending to one point 
 from flifFerent p:irts. 
 
 Converging Series. See Series. 
 
 Conversable, adj. [from converse. It 
 is sometimes written convcrsible, but 
 improperly;' conversant, conversation, 
 conversable.^ Qualified for conversa- 
 tion ; fit for company ; well adapted to 
 
 CON 
 
 the reciprocal communication of thoughts; 
 communicative. 
 
 That fire and levity which makes the youn^ 
 scarce conrcrsiblef when tempered by years, inakes 
 a gay old age. Addison. 
 
 Conve'rsableness. n. s. [from conver- 
 sabieJ] The quality of being a pleasing 
 companion; fluency of talk. 
 
 Conve'ksably. adv, [from convcrsahle,] 
 in a conversable manner ; "with the 
 qualities of a pleasing communicative 
 companion. 
 
 Conve'rsant. adj. [(•07)versant Fr.] 
 
 1. Acquainted with ; having a knowledge 
 of an}' tiling acquired by familiarity and 
 habitude ; familiar : with in. 
 
 The learning an<l skill which he had by being 
 couvcrsant in their books. Hooker. 
 
 Let them make some towns near to the moun- 
 tain's side, where they may dwell together with 
 neiglibours, and be conversant in the view of the 
 world. Spemcrs Slute of Ireland. 
 
 Those who arc conversant in both the tongues, 
 I leave to make tiieir own judgment of it. 
 
 Drydciis Dufresncy. 
 
 He uses the dilferent dialects as one who had 
 been conversant wiih tliem all. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 2. Having intercourse with any ; acquaint- 
 ed ; familiar by cohabitation or fellow- 
 ship; cohabiting: with among ov with. 
 
 Ail tliat Moses commanded, Joshua read before 
 all the congregation of Israel, with the women, 
 and the litUe ones, and the strangers that were 
 conversant amoiig thera. Jos. viii. j5. 
 
 Never to be infected with delight, 
 Nor conversant with case and idlene>s. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Old men who have loved young company, and 
 been conversant continually with them, have been 
 of long life. Bacon. 
 
 Gabriel, this day by proof thou shalt behold. 
 Thou, and all angels conversant on earth 
 With man, or men's ntl'airs, how I begin 
 To verify that solemn message. Milt. Par. I^cg. 
 
 To such a one, an ordinary coffeehouse gleaner 
 of the city is an arrant stai'esman, and as much 
 superiour too, as a man coniersunt about \A hitehail 
 and tlie court ib to an ordinary shopkeeper. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. Relating to ; having for its object; con- 
 cerning: with ft/?f>^/^ formerly m. 
 
 The matters wlierein church polity is conversant, 
 are the publick religious duties of the churcli. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 If any think education, because it is conversant 
 about children, to be but a private and donicslick 
 dutv, he has been ignorantly bred himself. 
 
 Wotton on Education. 
 
 Discretion, considered both as an accomplish- 
 ment and as a virtue, not only as conversant aJtout 
 woridl3' alfairs, but as regardmg our whole exist- 
 ence. Addis. Spect. 
 
 Indifference cannot but be criminal, when it is 
 conversant about objects which are so far from be- 
 ing of an indifferent nature, that they are of the 
 highest importance to ourselves and our country. 
 Addis. FreeJioUUr. 
 
 Conversa'tion. n. s. [co7ivcr sat io, Lat.] 
 
 1. Familiar discourse; chat; easy talk : 
 ojjposed to a formal conference. 
 
 She went to Pamela's chamber, meaning to joy 
 
 ' her thougiits with the sweet conversation of her 
 
 sister. ^ Sidney. 
 
 What I mentioned some time ago in conversa- 
 tion, was not a new thought, just then started by 
 accident or occasion. Swift. 
 
 2. A particular act of discoursing upon any 
 subject ; as, we had a long conversation 
 on that question. 
 
 3. Commerce ; intercom'se ; familiarity. 
 
 CON 
 
 Tiie knouJL-Llge of men and manners, the free- 
 d<iin of liabitades, and conversation with the bist 
 coiupauy. Drydtn. 
 
 Ills apparent, open guilt ; 
 I mean liis convcr&oiion willi Shore's wife. 
 
 Shukesp. RkhuTd III. 
 
 4. Behaviour; manner of acting in com- 
 mon life. 
 
 Haviirg ^'our conversation honest among the 
 Gentiles. 1 Peter. 
 
 5. Practical habits ; knowledge by long ac- 
 quaintance. 
 
 1 set down, out of long experience in business 
 and much conversutioji in books, what I thought 
 perlinefit to tilis business. Bacon. 
 
 }^\ experience and conversation with these bodies, 
 a nmn may he enafiled to give a near conjecture at 
 the metallic ingredients of an3' mass. Woodu-ard. 
 
 Conve'rsative. adj. [from converse.^ 
 Relating to jjubliciv life, and commerce 
 with men ; not contemplati\'e. 
 
 Finding him little studious and contemplative, 
 she chose to endue him with conversativc qualities 
 of youth. Wotlon. 
 
 To CONVE'RSE. v. n. [convei-scr, Fr. 
 cnnversor, Lat.] 
 
 1. To cohabit with; to hold intercourse 
 with ; to be a companion to : followed 
 by tt'ith. 
 
 Bv approving the sentiments of a person ti-itk 
 whom he conversed, in such particulars as were just 
 he won hini over from those points in which he 
 was mistaken. Addison^s Freeholder. 
 
 For him who lonely loves 
 To seek the distant hills, and there conv<rse 
 Tl'it/t nature. Thomsons Summer. 
 
 2. To be acquainted with ; to be familiar 
 to action. 
 
 I will converse n-ith iron-wltted fools. 
 And unrcspective boys : none are for me. 
 That look into me with considerate eyes. 
 
 Shahesp.' Richard TIT. 
 
 I\Ien then come to be furnished with fewer or 
 more simple ideas from without, according as the 
 objects they converse with alFord greater or less 
 variety. LoeJie. 
 
 3. To convey the thoughts reciprocally in 
 
 talk. 
 
 Go therefore half this day, as friend w^lh friend. 
 Converse xvitli Adam. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Much less can bird wit/i beast, or fish with fowl. 
 So well conoerse. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 ■i. To di.scourse familiarly upon any sub- 
 ject : with on before the thing. 
 
 ^^'e had conversed so often on that subject, and 
 
 he had connnunicated his thoughts of it so full^ 
 
 to me, that I had not the least remaining dilit 
 
 culty. Vryden's Ihij'rcsmif. 
 
 5. To have coinraerce with a different sex. 
 
 Being asked by some of her sex, in how long a 
 time avvoman might be allowed to pray to the 
 gods, after having conversed with a man ? If it 
 were a Imsband, says she, the next d:iy ; if a 
 
 stranger, never. 
 
 Ctuardian. 
 
 Co'nverse. n. .?. [from the verb. It is 
 sometimes accented on the first sylla- 
 ble, sometimes on the last. Pope has 
 used both : tlie first is more analogical.] 
 
 1. Conversation ; manner of discoursing 
 in familiar life. 
 
 His converse is a system fit 
 Alone to lill up all her wit. Su-ift. 
 
 Gen'rous converse, a soul exempt from pride. 
 And love to praise with reason on his side. Pope. 
 
 Form'd by thy converse happily to sicer 
 From grave" to gay, from lively to severe. _ _ Pope 
 
 2. .Acquaintance; cohabitation ; familiarity. 
 
 404
 
 CON 
 
 Though it be nccessitiiled, by ils relation to 
 Bcsli, lu a terri'5trial converse ; jet it is, like the 
 suu, wiiliout coiitaiiiinating ils beams. 
 
 GtunviUcs ApoL 
 Bv such a free converse witli persons of dilTcreiit 
 sects, »c shall fmil tliiit there are persons of good 
 jBCUiiC and virtue, persons of pietv and worth. 
 
 U'litis OTi the Mind. 
 
 8. [In fjeometry ; from convcrsus.] A. pro- 
 position is said to be the foni'trifof aiio- 
 tlier, wlicn, after drawing a conclusion 
 from sonietliing first proposed, v.e pro- 
 ceed to suppose what liad been before 
 concluded, and to draw from it wliat had 
 been su))posed. Thus, if two sides of 
 a trianfrle be equal, the angles opposite 
 to tliose sides are also equal : the cn7i- 
 verse of the proposition i.s^ that if two 
 angles of a triangle be equal, the sides 
 opposite to those angles are also equal. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 Conve'rsely. adv. [from converse.] 
 With change of order; in a contrary 
 order; reciprocally. 
 
 Conve'rsion. n. s. [conrersio, Lat. 
 
 1. Change from one state into another; 
 transmutation. 
 
 Artificial coni'ers/on of water into ice, is the work 
 of a few liours ; aiid this of air may be tried by a 
 month's space. Bacon. 
 
 There are no such natural gradations, and con- 
 versions of one metal and mineral into another, in 
 the eartli, as many have fancied. 
 
 Wooihiurd's Natural Histonj. 
 
 Tile conversion of the aliment into fat, is not pro- 
 perly nutrition. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. Change from reprobation to grace, from 
 a bad to a holy life. 
 
 3. Change from one religion to another. 
 They passed through Vlienice and Samaria, de- 
 claring tlte conversion of thf Gentiles. Acts xv. 4. 
 
 4. The interchange of terms in an argu- 
 ment ; as, no virtue is vice ; no Dice is 
 virttte. Chambers. 
 
 5. Conversion of Equations, in algebra, is 
 the reducing of a fractional equation into 
 au integral one. 
 
 Conve'rsive. a(tj. [from converse.l Con- 
 versable; sociable. 
 To CONVERT, v. a. [converto. Lat.] 
 
 1. To change into another substance ; to 
 transmute. 
 
 If the wliole atmosphere was fdniT rtcrf intowatet 
 it would make no more than eleven yards water 
 about the earth. Burnet. 
 
 2. To change from one religion to another. 
 
 Augustine is converted by St. Ambrose's seruton, 
 whenlie came to it on no such design. Hammond. 
 
 3. To turn from a bad to a good life. 
 
 He which co7iverteth the siimer from the errour 
 
 of his way, shall save a soul from death, and shall 
 
 hide a nuiltitude of sins. James, v. I'O. 
 
 ^ Then will I teach transsrressors thy ways, and 
 
 siiniers shall be converted unto thee. Psalm li. 13. 
 
 4. To turn towards anj' point. 
 
 Crystal will eallify into electricity, and convert 
 the needle freely placed. Brouii's l'ulf;ar Err. 
 
 5. To apply to any use; to ajipropriate. 
 
 The abimdance of the sea shall he converted 
 unto thee, tlie forces of the Gentiles shall come 
 unto thee. Isaiah, Ix. 5. 
 
 He acquitted himself not like an honest man ; 
 for he converted the prizes to his own use. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Coinf. 
 
 6. To change one proposition into <ino- 
 ther, so that what was the subject of the 
 first becomes the predicate of the second 
 
 CON 
 
 The papists caimot abide this proposition con- 
 verted: all sin is a transgression of the law; but 
 every transgression of the law is sin. Tlie apostle 
 therefore turns it for us ; all unrighteousness, says 
 he, is sin, but every transgression of the law is 
 unrighteousness, says Austin, upon the place. Hale, 
 
 To Conve'kt. r. n. To undergo a change; 
 to be transmuted. 
 
 The love of wicked frieiuls coni'erts to fear : 
 That fear, to hate. Shakes]i. Richard II. 
 
 They rub out of it a red dust which converleth 
 into w'ornis, which they kill with wine. 
 
 Stttidy's Travels. 
 
 Co'nvert. n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 person converted from one opinion or 
 one practice to another. 
 
 The .lesuits did not persuade the converts to lay 
 asiile the use of images. 
 
 Stilling fleet's Defence of Discourse on Horn. Jdol. 
 
 When I'latonisni prevailed, the cimreits to 
 Christianity of that school interpreted Holy \\ rit 
 according to that philoso|»hy. Li^cke. 
 
 Let us not imagine that'the first converts only 
 of Christianity were concerned to defend their re- 
 ligion. Rogers. 
 
 Conve'rter. n. s. [from convert.'] One 
 that makes converts. 
 
 Convertibi'lity. n. s. [from conver- 
 tible.] The quality of being possible 
 to be converted. 
 
 Conve'rtible. adj. [from convert.] 
 
 1. Susceptible of cliange; transmutable ; 
 capable of transmutation. 
 
 Minerals are not convertible into another species, 
 though of the same geims ; nor reducible into ano- 
 ther geinis. _ Harveii. 
 The gall is not an alkali; but it is alkalesceiit, 
 conceptible and convertible into a corrosive alkali. 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. So much alike as that one may be used 
 for the other. 
 
 Though it be not the real essence of any sub- 
 stance, it is the speeifick essence, to which our 
 name belongs, and is convertible with it. Locke. 
 
 Many, that call themselves Protestants, look 
 upon our worship to be idolatrous as well as that 
 of the Papists ; and put prelacy and popery toge- 
 ther, as terms convertible. SaiJ't. 
 
 Conve'rtibly. adv. [from convertible.] 
 
 Reciprocally; with interchange of terms. 
 
 There never was any person ungrateful, w lio was 
 
 not also proud ; nor, convertibly, aiiy one proud^ 
 
 who was not equally ungrateful. South's Sermons^ 
 
 Co'nvertite. n. s. [cmiverti, Fr.j A con- 
 vert ; one converted from anolr.er opi- 
 nion. Not in use. 
 
 Since vou are a sentle convertite, 
 My tongue" shall hush again this storm of war. 
 
 Shakcsp. King John. 
 Nor would I be a convertite so cold. 
 As not to tell it. Donne. 
 
 CO'NV'EX. adj. [eonvexiis, Lat.] liising 
 
 in a circular form ; opposite to concave. 
 
 It is the duty of a painter, even in this also, to 
 
 imitate the convex mirruur, and to place nothing 
 
 which glares at the border of his picture. 
 
 Dry den's Dnfrcsnoy. 
 
 An orb or ball round ils o« n axis whirl ; 
 AN ill not the motion to a disl.ince hurl 
 Whatever dust or sand you on it place, , 
 And drops of water from its convex face ? 
 
 Blackmore on the Creation. 
 
 Co'nvex. ?i. s. .\ convex body ; a body 
 swelling externally into a circular form. 
 
 A comet draws a long extended blaze ; 
 From east to west burns thro' th' ethereal frame. 
 And half heav'n's contfi glitteis with the lianic. 
 
 Ticket. 
 
 CON 
 
 Conve'xed. particip. adj. [from conrer.] 
 Formed convex ; protuberant in a cir- 
 cular form. 
 
 D ,lphins are straight ; nor have they their spina 
 convexed, or more considerably embowed than ci- 
 ther sharks, (<orpoiscs, whales, or other cetaceous 
 animals. Brourn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Conve'xedly. adv. [from convexed.] 
 In a convex form. 
 
 They he drawn ro?ii«xed/i/ crooked in one piece ; 
 yet the dolphin, that carrieihArion, is concavously 
 nivcrted, and liaih its spine dep.'esscd. 
 
 Broirn s ViJg. Err. 
 
 Conve'xity. n. s. [from convex.] Pro- 
 tuberance in a circular form. 
 
 Convex glasses supply the defect of plumpness 
 in the eye, and, by increasing the refractiun, make 
 the rays converge sooner, so as to convene dis- 
 tinctly" at the bottom of the eye if the glass ha\e 
 a ilue degree of coniviity. AVirton's Ojjticks, 
 
 If the eye were so piercing as to descry even 
 r-pake and little objects a hundred leagues olf, it 
 would do us little service ; it would be terminated 
 by neighbrmrinc hills anrl woods, or, in the largest 
 aiid evenest prain, by tlte very conieiity o^ the 
 earth. BentUy, 
 
 Conve'xly. adv. [from convex.'] In a 
 convex form. 
 
 Almost all, botli blunt and sharp, are eonreily 
 conical ; they are all along convex, not only per 
 ambitum, but between both ends. Crew's Musaum. 
 
 Conve'xness. n. s. [from convex.] Sphe- 
 roidical protuberance; convexity. 
 
 Convexo-concave, adj. Having the 
 hollow on the inside corresponding to 
 the external protuberance. 
 
 These are the pheiiomena of thick converc-con- 
 cave plates of glass which arc every where of the 
 same thickness. AVirton. 
 
 To CONVEY. V. a. [conveho, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To carrj' ; to transport from one place 
 to another. 
 
 Let letters be given me to the govemours be- 
 vond the river, that they may cotivey me over till 
 1 come into Judea. Keh. ii. 7. 
 
 I w ill convey them by sea, in floats, unto tlie 
 place thou shalt appoint me. 1 Kings, v. 9. 
 
 2. To hand from one to anotlier. 
 
 A divine natural ri»ht could not be conveyed 
 down, without any plain, natural, or divhie rule 
 concerning it. Locke. 
 
 3. To remove secret!)'. 
 
 There was one conveyed out of mv house yester- 
 day in this basket. Sfiak. Merry ](iie.'of tCindsor. 
 
 4. To bring any thing, as an instrument 
 of transmission ; to transmit. 
 
 Since there appears not to be any ideas in the 
 mind, before the senses have conveyed any in, I 
 conceive that ideas hi the understanding arc coeval 
 with sensation. Locke. 
 
 5. To transfer; to deliver to another. 
 
 The earl of Desmond, before hi> breaking forth 
 into rebellion, conveyed secretly all his Kinds to 
 feolfees in trust. " Spenstr. 
 
 Adam's properly or private d minion could not 
 ronirif any sovereigntv or ride to his heir. who. not 
 liaviiig a right to inherit all his father's posses- 
 sions, could'not thereby come to have any sove- 
 reignty over his bretlux'iu I.acke. 
 G. To impart, by means of something. 
 
 Men fdl one another's heads with noise and 
 sounds, but coiwev not thereby their thoughts. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 That which uses to produce the ide.a, though 
 coniei;e<i in by the usual organ, not being taken 
 notice of, there follows no sensation. Locke, 
 
 Some single imperceptible bodies must come 
 from them to the eyes, ami thereby convev to the 
 brain some motion °w hich produces those ideas. 
 
 Ltxke. 
 
 405
 
 CON 
 
 They give energy to our expressions, and convey 
 our tliouglits in more ardent and intense phrases, 
 than miy in our own tongue. AddiAonsSp€Ct. 
 
 7. To impart; to introduce. 
 
 Wliat obscured liglit the heav'ns did grant, 
 Did but cmi^f y unto our fearful minds 
 A doubtful warrant of inunediate death. 
 
 Sluikesp. Comcdu fyj' Eit. 
 
 Others convey lliemselves into the mind by more 
 senses ihan one. Locke. 
 
 8. To manage with privacy. 
 
 1 will ctynvty tlie business as I shall find means, 
 and autjuaint you \\ithal. Shnkesp. King Lear. 
 
 Huiih Capet also, who usurp'd the crown. 
 To find his title with some shews of trutli, 
 Comey'd himself as heir to th' lady Lengare. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 Conve'yance. n. s, [from convcT/,] 
 
 1. The act of removing any thing. 
 
 Tell her, thou mad'st away her uncle Clarence, 
 Ker uncie Kivers ; ay, and for her sake, 
 Mad'st quick conveyanct with her good aunt Ann. 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 2. Way for carriage or transportation, 
 ^ Following the river downward, there is convey- 
 ance into the countries naim:d in the text. 
 
 Raleigh's Hist, of the World. 
 
 Iron works ought to be confined to places where 
 
 there is no convcyiince for timber to places of vent, 
 
 so as to quit tlu- cost of the carriage. Temple. 
 
 3. The method of removing secretly from 
 one place to another. 
 
 Vour husband's here at hand ; bethink you of 
 some conveyance: in the house you canno't hide 
 liiin. Shuke.''p. 
 
 4. The means or instrument by which any 
 thing is conveyed. 
 
 ^^ e pow't upon the morning, are unapt 
 To give or to for<j;ivc ; but when we've stiilf 'd 
 These pipes, antl th.ese convenances of blood, 
 With wine and feeding, we liave supjiler souls. 
 
 Shakesj). Coriolanus. 
 
 How such a variety of motions should be regu- 
 larly conducted, in such a w ilderness of passages 
 and distinct avenues, by mere impelienls and ma- 
 terial conveyances, I have not the least conjecture. 
 Gliin. Sun. Dog. 
 
 5. Transmission; delivery from one to an- 
 other. 
 
 Our author has provided for the descending and 
 conveyance down of Adam's monarchical power, or 
 paternal dominion, to posterity- Locke. 
 
 6. Act of transferring property ; grant. 
 
 Doth not the act of the parents, in any lawful 
 grant or conveyance, bind their heirs for ever there- 
 unto ? Spen$ei' oji Ireland. 
 
 7. Writing by which property is trans- 
 ferred. 
 
 The very conuevanees of his lands will hardly lie 
 in thisboxj and "must the inheritor himself have 
 no more ? Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 This begot a suit in the Chancery before tlielord 
 Coventry, who found the conveyances in law to be 
 so firm, that in justice he must decree the land to 
 the earl. Clarendon. 
 
 8. Secret management ; juggling artifice ; 
 private removal ; secret substitution of 
 one thing for another. 
 
 It Cometh herein to pass with men, unadvisedly 
 falien into error, as with them whose state hath no 
 ground to uphold it, but only the help which, by 
 fcuhtile conveyance, they draw out of casual events, 
 arising from day to day, till at length tliey be clean 
 spL'iit. Hooker. 
 
 Close conveyance, and each practice ill 
 Of cosinatje and knavery. Spensei-'s Hub. Tale. 
 
 1 am this day come to survey the Tower ; 
 Since Henry's "death, I fear, there is conveyance. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Can they not juggle, and with slight 
 Conveyance play witli wrong and right? Hudibras. 
 
 Conve'yancer. 71. s. [from convei/ance.] 
 A lawyer M'ho draws writings by which 
 property is transferred. 
 
 CON 
 
 Conve'yer. n. s, [from convct/.'] One 
 who carries or transnnts any thing from 
 one place or person to another. 
 
 The conveyers of waters of these timrs content 
 themselves with one inch of fall in six hundred 
 feet. Brereuood on Languages. 
 
 Those who stand before earthly princes, in the 
 nearest degree of approacli, who are the dispensers 
 of their favours, and conveucrs of their will, to 
 others, do, on that very account, challenge hi^h 
 honours to themselves. Atterbury. 
 
 To CONVrCT. r. a. [co?ivinco, Lat.] 
 J . To prove guilty ; to tletect in guilt. 
 
 And the^- which heard it, being convicted by 
 their own conscience, went out one by one. 
 
 John, viii. 9. 
 Things, that at the first shew seemed possible, 
 by ripping up the performance of them, have been 
 convicted of impossibility. 
 
 Bacons Holy War. 
 
 2. To confute; to discover to be false. 
 
 Although not only the reason of any head, but 
 experience of every hand, may well convict it, yet 
 will it not by divers be rejected Browns Vulg.Err. 
 
 3. To shew by proof or evidence. 
 
 If there be no such thing apparent upon record, 
 they do as if one should demand a legacy b3'^ virtue 
 of some written testament, wherein there being no 
 such thing specified, he pleadeth that there it must 
 needs be, and bringeth argmnents from the love 
 which always the testator bore him ; imagining 
 that tliese proofs will convict a testament to have 
 that in it, which other men can no where by read- 
 ing find. llookej\ 
 
 CoNVi'CT. adj. [rather the participle of 
 the verb.] Convicted ; detected in guilt. 
 
 Before I be convict by course of law, 
 To threaten me with death, is most unlawful. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. in. 
 By the civil law, a person convict, or confessing 
 his own crime, cannot appeal. Aqlijje's Parergon. 
 Co7ivict a papist he, and I a ])oet. - 
 
 Pope's Kpist. of Horace. 
 
 Co'nvict. 71. s. [from the verb.] A per- 
 son cast at the bar ; one found guilty of 
 the crime charged against him ; a cri- 
 minal detected at his trial. 
 
 On the score of humanity, the civil law allows 
 a certain space of time both to the convict and to 
 persons confessing, in order to satisfy tlie judg- 
 ment. Aylijjts Parergon. 
 
 CoNVi'cTlON. n. s. [from coTivicf.] 
 
 1. Detection of guilt, which is, in law, ei- 
 ther when a man is outlawed, or appears 
 and confesses, or else is found guilty by 
 the inquest. CowelL 
 
 The third best absent is condemn'd. 
 Convict by flight, and rebel to all law ; 
 Convictioii, to the serpent none belongs. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 2. The act of convincing; confutation; 
 the act of forcing others, by argument, 
 to allow a position. 
 
 \\ hen therefore the apostle reqnircth ability 
 to convict hereticks, can we think he iudgeth it a 
 thing unlawful, and not ratlar ncedfiil, to use the 
 principal instrument of their cmiLicfjim, the light of 
 reason ? Hooker. 
 
 The manner of his completion was designed, not 
 as a y)('culiar privilege to him, but as a standing 
 miracle, a lasting argument for the conviction of 
 others, to the very end of the world. Atterbury. 
 
 3. State of being convinced. 
 
 Their wisdom is only of this world, to put faisp 
 colours upon things, to call good evil, and evil 
 good, against the conviction of their own con- 
 sciences. SuiJ't. 
 
 CoNVi'CTlVE. adj. [from convict.'] Hav- 
 ing the power of convincing. 
 
 CON 
 
 To CONVI'NCE. V. a. [convinco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To force any one to acknowledge a con- 
 tested position. 
 
 TliHt which I have all this while been endea- 
 vouring to coi,flnce men of, anci to persuade ihem 
 to, is no other but what Uod himself <|.4h parti- 
 cularly reconiiucnd to us, as proper for bumaa 
 consideration. TiUoUon. 
 
 Uut, having shifted ev'ry form to 'scape, 
 Convincd of conquest, he resum'd his shape. 
 
 DrijiUns Virgit, 
 History is all the light we have in many cases ; 
 and we receive from it a great part of the useful 
 truths we have, with a convincing evidence. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To convict ; to prove guilty of. 
 
 To convince all that are ungodly among them, 
 of all their ungodly deeds. Jnde, 15. 
 
 The discovery of a truth, formerly unknown, 
 doth rather convince man of iguorance,*than nature 
 oferrour. Raleigh. 
 
 O seek not to connnce me of a crime, * 
 \Vhich I can ne'er repent, nor can you pardon. 
 
 Drudcn. 
 
 3. To evince; to prove; to manifest; to 
 vindicate. Not in use. 
 
 Your Italy contains none so accomplished a 
 courtier, to convince the honour of my mistress. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 This letter, instead of a confutation, only urgeth 
 me to ])rove divers passages of my sermon, which 
 M. Cheynel's part was tu convince. Dr. Maine. 
 
 4. To overpower; to surmount. This 
 sense is now obsolete. 
 
 There are a crew of wretched souls 
 That stay his cure ; Iheir malady convinces 
 The great essay of art. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Knaves be such abroad, 
 ■W'ho having, by iheirown imprtvtunatc suit. 
 Or voluntary dut.:i:e of sonic mistress, 
 Ctmrinc'd or supi'lcd them, they cainiot chuse 
 But they must blab. Shiihcsp. Othelto. 
 
 When Duncan asleep, his two chamberlains 
 V\"ill I with wine and wassel so convince. 
 That nienmr\ , the warder of the brain, 
 Shall be a fuine. Shakisp. Macbeth. 
 
 Convi'ncement. n. s. [fvom cvnvince.l 
 Conviction. 
 
 If that be not couvincement enough, let him 
 weigh the other also. Decay of Pietu. 
 
 Convi'ncible. adj. [from convince.] 
 1. Capable of conviction. 
 •2. Capable of being evidently disproved 
 or detected. 
 
 Upon what uncertainties, and also convinciJ}le 
 falsities, they often erected suchembleras, we have 
 delivered. Brou-n. 
 
 Convi'nciNGLY. adv. [from C07wince.] 
 
 In such a manner as to leave no room 
 
 for doubt or dispute ; so as to produce 
 
 conviction. 
 
 This he did so particularly and coni'mrin^iu, that 
 those of the parliament were in great confusion. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The resurrection is so convincingly attested by 
 such persons, with such circumstances, that tbey 
 who consider and weigh the testimony, at what 
 distance soever they arc placed, caniint entertain 
 any more doubt of the resurrection than the crik- 
 cihxion of Jesus. Atterbury. 
 
 Convi'ncingness. n. s. [from convinc- 
 ing.] The power of convincing. 
 To CONVrVK. t'. a. [convivo, Lat.] To 
 entertain ; to feast. A word, i believe, 
 not elsewhere used. 
 
 First, all you peers of Greece, go to roy tent, 
 There in the full convive you. 
 
 Shiihesp. Troilus and Cressirfa, 
 
 406
 
 CON 
 
 CoNvi'VAL, \aJj.[convivial{s,La.t.] Re- 
 CoNVl'viAL, J lating to an entertain- 
 ment; festal; social. 
 
 I was the first who set up festivals ; 
 Not witli high tastes our appetites did force, 
 But fill'd with conversation and discourse ; 
 Which feasts, convivial meetings we did name. 
 
 Dcnhum. 
 Your social and conviii I spirit is such, that it 
 is a happiness to live and converse with jou. 
 
 Dr. Nfuto7i. 
 
 Conu'ndrum. n. s. A low jest; a quib- 
 ble ; a mean conceit : a cant word. 
 
 Jlcan time he smoaks, and laughs at inerrv laic, 
 Or pun ambiguous, or conutidnan quaint. Pltilips. 
 
 To CO'NVOCATE.t). a. [convoco, Lat.] To 
 call together ; to summon to an assembly. 
 Convoca'tion. h. .s. [concocatio, Lat.] 
 J. The act of calling to an assembly. 
 
 Diaphantus, making a general conuocalion, spake 
 to thciu in this manner. Sidney. 
 
 2. An assembly. 
 
 On the eighth daj shall be an holy cmmcation 
 unto you. £«). xxiii. 2(1. 
 
 3. An assembly of the clergy for consul- 
 tation upon matters ecclesiastical, in 
 time of parliament : and, as the parlia- 
 ment consists of two distinct houses, so 
 does this ; the one called the upper 
 house, where the archbishops and bisliops 
 sit severally by themselves ; the other 
 tlie lower house, where all the rest of 
 the clergy are represented by their de- 
 puties. Cowell. 
 
 I have made an offer to his majesty. 
 Upon our spiritual concocation. 
 As touching France, to give a greater sura 
 Than ever at one time tlie clergy yet 
 Did to his predecessors part withal. Shak. H. TV. 
 
 This is tlie declaration of our church about it, 
 made by those who met in convocation. 
 
 Slillingjlect. 
 
 To CONVO'KE. V. a. [convoco, Lat.] To 
 call together; to smnmon to an assembly. 
 
 Assemblies exercise their legislature at tlie times 
 tJiai their constitution, or their own adjournment, 
 appoint^, if there be no other way prescribed tu 
 conivkc them. Locke. 
 
 When next the morning warms the purple east, 
 Convoke the peerage. Pone's Otlvsseij. 
 
 The senate originally consisted all of nobles, 
 the people being only convoked upon such occasions 
 as fell into their cognizance. Swt/'t. 
 
 To CONVOLVE, v. a. [convolvo, Lat.] 
 To roll together; to roll one part upon 
 another 
 
 He writli'd him to and fro convolv'd. Miltnn. 
 
 It is awonderl'id artifice how newly hatched 
 maggots, not the parent animal, because she emits 
 no web, nor hath any textrine art, can convolve the 
 stubborn leaf, aud bind it witli the thread it 
 weaves from its body. Dcvham. 
 
 t's'd to milder scents, the tender race 
 By thousands tumble from their honey *d domes 
 Convolved' mid agonizing in tlie dust. 
 
 Ihomsoni Autumn. 
 
 Co'nvoluted. part, [of the verb I have 
 found no e.xample.] Twisted ; rolled 
 ujion itself. 
 
 This dirters from JSIuscovy-glass only in this, 
 that the plates of that are flat and plain^ whereas 
 these are convoluted and inflected. 
 
 Woodu-ard on Fo&sih. 
 
 Convolu'tion. 91. s. [convolntio, Lat ] 
 1, The act of rolling any thing upon it- 
 self; the state of being rolled upon itself. 
 Observe the convolution of the sai^l tibres in all 
 other glands, in the same or some other manner. 
 Crew'i Cosmologia, 
 
 CON 
 
 A thousand secret, subtle pipes bestow. 
 From which, b}' numerous convolutions wonnd,^ 
 Wrai>p'd with th' attending nerve, and twisted 
 round. lilackmnre. 
 
 2. The st<ite of rolling together in company. 
 And toss'tl wide round, 
 O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift 
 The feallier'd eddy lluats. Thomsons Autumn. 
 
 To CONVOY. J', a. [cnnvoyer, Fr. from 
 conriare, low Lat.] To accompany by 
 land or sea, for the sake of defence: as, 
 he was convoyed by ships oj war. 
 
 Co'nvoy. n. s. [fiom the verb. Ancient- 
 ly the accent was on the last syllable ; 
 it is now on the first.] 
 
 1. One attending on the road by way of 
 defence. 
 
 Had not God set peculiar value upon his tem- 
 ple, he would not have made himself his people's 
 convoy to secure them in their passage to it. 
 
 South^s Srnnons. 
 My soul grows hard, and cannot death endure ; 
 Your convoy makes the dangerous way secure. 
 
 Drydens Aurengzebe. 
 Coyivoy ships accompany their merchants, till 
 they may prosecute the voyage without danger. 
 Drydens Prcf'. Dujrcsnoy. 
 
 2. The act of attending as a defence. 
 
 .Such fellows will learn you by rote where ser- 
 vices were done ; at such a breacli, at such a con- 
 rntj. Skakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Swift, as a sparkle of a glancing star, 
 I shoot from heav'n to give him safe convov. 
 
 l^Iiltoiis Paradise Regained. 
 
 3. Conveyance. Not now in use. 
 
 Sister, as the winds give benefit. 
 And convoy is assistant, do not sleep, 
 
 But let me hear from you. Shokesp. 
 
 Co'nusance. n. s. [conoissa7ice, Fr.] Cog- 
 nizance; notice; knowledge. A law 
 term. 
 To CONVULSE, v. a. [convulsiis, L.it.] 
 Tj give an iiTCgular and involuntary 
 motion to the parts of any body. 
 Follows the loosen'd, aggravated roar, 
 Enlartring, deepening, mingling peal on peal, 
 Crusli^d horrible, coni;i*isij(^ heaven and earth. 
 
 Thotnson. 
 
 Convu'lsion. n. s. [convulsio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A convulsion is an involuntary contrac- 
 tion of the fibres and muscles, whereby 
 the body and limbs are preternatiirally 
 distorted. Qiiinci/. 
 
 If mv hand be put isto motion b3' a convulsion, 
 the ind'ilferency of that operative faculty is taken 
 away. Locke. 
 
 2. Any irregular and violent motion ; tu- 
 mult ; commotion ; disturbance. 
 
 All have been subject tu some concussions, and 
 fall under the same convulsions oi state, by dissen- 
 sions or invasions. I'tmpte. 
 
 Convu'lsive. «(//. [connilsif, Ft.I Tiiat 
 M'hich jiroduces involuntary motion ; 
 that whicii gives twitches or spasms. 
 
 They are irregular and convulsive motions, or 
 struaiilings of the spirits. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Shew me the Hving soul's convulsive strife, 
 And all the anguish of departing life. 
 
 Dvuden's Anrengtche. 
 Iler colour chang'd, her face was not the same. 
 And hi. How groans'froin her deep spirit came; 
 Jfer hair stood up ; convulsive rage possess'd 
 Her trembling limbs, and licav'd her lab'ring 
 breast. Dryden. 
 
 In silei.ce weep. 
 And thy convulsive sorrows inward keep. J'li.'r. 
 CONY. n. s. [kanin, Cierm. connil or 
 connin, Fr. cunictilm, Lat.] A rabbit ; 
 an animal that burroughs in the ground. 
 
 COO 
 
 Willi a short-lepe'd hen. 
 Lemons and wine for sauce ; to iTiese a cony 
 Is not to be despair'd of, for our monry. 
 
 Ben Jtmson s Epigmms, 
 
 The husbandman suffers -by hares and conai^ 
 
 which eat the corn and trees. Mortimcr'i limh. 
 
 Cony- BOROUGH, n. s. A place where 
 rabbits make tlieir lioles in tlie ground. 
 To Co'nycatch. f. //. 'I'o catch a cony, 
 is, in the old cant of thieves, to cheat ; 
 to bite ; to trick . 
 
 I have matter in my head against you, and 
 against your conycatchin^ rasc.'ds. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wivtitf Windftfr. 
 
 Co'nycatcher. 71. Jt. .\ thief; a cheat ; 
 
 a sharper ; a tricking fellow ; a rascal. 
 
 Now obsolete. 
 To Coo. I', n. [from the sound.] To cry 
 
 as a dove or pigeon. 
 The stockdove only through the forest cooes, 
 
 Mournfully hoarse. Thomson's Summer, 
 
 COOK. n. s. [cegiins, Lat.] One whose 
 profession is to dress and prepare vic- 
 tuals for the table. 
 
 One mistress Quickly is in the manner of his 
 nurse, or his drv-nurse, or his cook, or liis laundry, 
 his washer, ancf his w ringer. 
 
 Shakcsp. Merry Wives of It'i'iidsur. 
 
 The new-born babe by nurses overlaid. 
 
 And the cook caught within the raging fire he 
 
 made. Druden. 
 
 Their cuuA-i could make artificial birds and (i;hps, 
 
 in default of tlie real ones, and which exceeded 
 
 them in the cxquisileucss of the taste. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 CooK-MAin. n. s. [cook and maid.] .\ 
 
 maid that dresses provisions. 
 
 A friend was complaining tome, that his wife 
 had turned off one of the best cook-maids in Eng- 
 land. Add'ison. 
 CooK-ROOM. ?(. s. [cook and room.] A 
 room in which provisions are prepared 
 for the ship's crew. 'J he kitchen of a 
 ship. 
 
 The commodity of this new cook-room the mer- 
 chants having found to be so great, as that in all 
 their ships the cwk-rooms are built in their fore- 
 castles, contrary to tJial which had been anciently 
 used. Itati'igh's Lisays. 
 
 To CooK. V. a. [coquo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To prep.ire victuals for the table. 
 
 Had eitlier of the crimes been civked to their 
 palates, they might liave changed messes. 
 
 Decay of Piety 
 
 2. To prepare for any purpose. 
 
 Hanging is the word. Sir; if you be ready for 
 that, you are well cookt. Sliakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Coo'kery. n. s. [from cook.] The art of 
 dressing victuals. 
 
 Some man's wit 
 Found tir art o(cMk'ry m delight his sense : 
 
 I^Iore bodies are consum'd and kill'd with it. 
 
 Than witli the sword, famine, i.r pes;ilence. Davies. 
 
 Ev'ry one to ci^^kcry pretends. King's CiS^k^ry. 
 
 These are the ingreilienls of i>l.-uits before they 
 
 are prepaied by cookery. Arhulhnot onAiimenli. 
 
 COOL. ailj. ' [kcrl'in, Uut.] 
 
 1. Somewhat cold ; approaching to cold. 
 
 He set his leg in a jiail-full, as hot as he could 
 well endure it, renew ing it as it gre v cool. Temple. 
 
 2. Not zealous ; not ardent ; not angrj' ; 
 not foml ; without jiassion : as, a coul 
 trieiul ; a coul decei\ er. 
 
 Cool. n. s Freedom from heat ; soft and 
 refreshing coltlness. 
 
 But see where Lucia, at lier wonted hour, 
 .\hM the cool of yon liigli matble arch. 
 Enjoys the noon-day breeze. Addison's Cato. 
 
 407
 
 coo 
 
 Pliilandcr was enjoving the cool of the morning, 
 among the dews timt lav on every tiling about 
 hiiu, and that gave the air a freshness. 
 
 Addis, oti Med. 
 
 To Cool. r. a. [koehn, Dut.] 
 
 1. To make cool; to allay heat. 
 
 Snow thev use in Naples instead of ice, because, 
 
 as they sayj it coots or congeals any liquor soi'ner. 
 
 'Addison on Ilalu. 
 
 Jellv of currants, or the jelly of imy ripe suli- 
 Hcid fruit, is cooling, aud very agreeable to ilie 
 sluinach. Arimtitnot on Did. 
 
 2. To quiet pa>!sion ; to calm anger; to 
 moderate zeal. 
 
 JMy Lord Northuniberlaiid will soon be cool'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry 1\'. 
 
 He will keep his jeaIou^ly to liimielf, :itia re- 
 pine in private, because he \vill be apt to fear 
 some ill eliect it may produce in coolini; your iovc 
 to hira. Addi.'ion's Spectator. 
 
 Had tiiey thouL'ht they had been JJizhting only 
 other people's quarrels, perhaps it might havt- 
 cooled their zeal. Suijl. 
 
 To Cool. v. n. 
 
 1. To grow less hot. 
 
 2. To grow less warm with regard to 
 passion or inclination. 
 
 My hum'.ur shall not cool ; I will incense F"rd 
 to deal with poison ; I will possess him with yel- 
 lowness. Shakesp. 
 
 Yon never cool while you read Homer. Drud. 
 
 I'm impatient till it .'>e done; I will notgu-e 
 myself liberty to think, lost I should cool. 
 
 Congreves Old Bachelor. 
 
 Co'OLER. 71. s, [from coo/.^ 
 
 1, That which has the power of cooling 
 the budy. 
 
 Coolers are of two sorts ; first, those which pro- 
 duce aiiimniediate sense of cold, which are such 
 as have their parts in less motion than those of 
 the organs of feeling ; and secondly, such as, by 
 particular viscidity, or grossness t»f parts, give a 
 
 freater consistence to the anlaial fluids ti:an the}- 
 ad before, wherebv they cannot move so fast, 
 and therefore will have less of that intestine force 
 on wliich their heat depends. The former are 
 fruits, all acid liquors, aud common water ; and 
 llie latter are such as cucumbers, and all sub- 
 stances producing yiscidity. Quincu. 
 In dogs or cats there appeared the same neces- 
 sity for a cooler as in man. Hanep on Consumptions. 
 Acid things were used only as coolers. 
 
 Arbtithnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. A vessel in which any thing is made 
 cool. 
 
 Your first wort being thus boiled, lade off into 
 one or more coolers, or cooi-backs, in v\hich leave 
 the suilage behind, aud let it run utf tine. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Co'oLLY. adv. [from cool.] 
 
 1. Without heat, or sharp cold. 
 
 She in the gelid caverns, woodbine wrought, 
 And fresh beclew'd with ever-spouting streams, 
 Sits cooUi/ calm. Thomsons Smnmer. 
 
 2. Without passion. 
 
 Motives that address themselves cooUy to cm- 
 reason, are fittest to he employed upon reasona- 
 ble creatures. Atterbtiry. 
 
 Coolness, w.5. [from cool.] 
 1. Gentle cold; a soft or mild degree of 
 cold. 
 
 This difference consi^teth not in the heat or 
 coolness of spirits ; for cloves and other spices, nap- 
 tlia, and pefrole'un, have exceeding hot spirits, 
 h»jtter a great deal than oil, wax, or tallow, but 
 not iuflamed. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 The toad loveth shade and coolness. 
 
 Bacon^s Knt. Hist. 
 Yonder the harvest of cold months laid up, 
 Gives a fresh coobiess to the royal cup ; 
 There ice, like crystal, firm and never lost, 
 Tempers hot July with December's frost. Waller. 
 The sheep enjoy the coolness of the shade. 
 
 Drydais Virgil. 
 
 COO 
 
 2. Want of affection ; disinclination. 
 
 llicy parted wiili svicli cwlnrss lowiirds each 
 otlicr.'as if thfj scarce hupcii lo lueet again. Clai: 
 U. rrcedom from passion. 
 Coo.M. U.S. [emiiie, Fr.] 
 1. Soot that gatliers over an oven's moutli. 
 
 F/iillips. 
 
 •>. That matter tiiat works out of the 
 
 vvtiee!s of carria<res. Bailii/. 
 
 3. It is used in Scotland for the useless 
 dust M'hich falls from large coals. 
 
 Coomb, or Comb. n. «. [combh, Fr. 
 atmiilus, Ijit. a hea)). Skinner.'] A mea- 
 sure of corn containing four bushels. 
 
 Bailci/. 
 
 COOP. H. s. [l.ni/pe, Dut. 
 
 1. A barrel; a \essel for the preservation 
 of liquids. 
 
 •2. A cage ; a penn for animals, as poultry 
 or sheep. 
 
 Gracchus was slain the day the chickens refused 
 to eat out of the cnop ; and Claudius Pulchcr un- 
 derwent the like success, when he contemned the 
 tripudiary augurations Brotru 
 
 There were a great many crammed capons to 
 gelher ii. a amp. L'iistrange 
 
 To Coop. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 shut up in a narrow compass; to confine ; 
 to cage ; to imprison : when it is used 
 absolutely, it has often, perhaps always, 
 
 the intensive particle up- 
 
 That pale, th.U wldle-fac'd shore, 
 Whose loot spurns back the ocean's roaring tides. 
 And coops fiom other lands her islan^lers. _ 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 The Enolishmen did coop vp the lord Raven- 
 stein, <hat he stirred not: and likewise held ir 
 strait siege the town. Bacon 
 
 In the taking of a town the poor escape better 
 than the rich ;"for the one is let go, and the other 
 is plundered and cooped up. L'llstrange 
 
 Twice conquer'd cowards, now your shame is 
 shown, 
 Co(rp*d ttp a secdnd time within your town ! 
 ^\'ho dare not issue f.irth in o])en field. Dryd.-'Eneid. 
 
 One world sutficd not Alexander's mind ; 
 Coop'd up he seem'd, in earth and seas confiu'd. 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 Coop'd up in a narrow isle, observing dreams 
 With flattering wizards. I>rvrftii's Jui'cna/. 
 
 The Trojans, coop'd within their walls so long. 
 Unbar their gales, and issue in a throug. 
 
 Drudtns JEneid. 
 
 The contempt of all other knowledge, as if it 
 were nothing in comparison of law or physick, 
 of astrology or chymistry, coops the uiidersta'nding 
 vp witli.in narrow bounds, and hinders it from 
 looking abroad into other provinces of the iiitel- 
 lectuafworld. Locke. 
 
 Tliey aie cooped in close by the laws of their 
 
 cojntrles, and the strict guards of those whose 
 
 Interest it is to keep them Ignorant. _ Locke. 
 
 What ' coop w hole armies in our walls again ! Pope. 
 
 Coope'e. n. s. [coupe Fr.] A motion 
 
 in dancing. 
 Co'oPER. n. s. [coop.] One that makes 
 
 coops or barrels. 
 .'Societies of artificers and tradesmen, belonging 
 
 to some towns corporate, such as weavers and 
 
 coopers, by viriue of their charters, pretend to 
 
 privilege and jurisdiction. Chiid. 
 
 Co'oPERAGE. w. s. [from cooper.] The 
 
 price i>aid for cooper's work. 
 ToCOOPEllATi:.f.«.[fon aud opera,Lat.] 
 1 . To labour jointly with another to the 
 
 same end ; it h.'.s uiih before the agent, 
 
 and to belore the end. 
 It puzzleih and perplexelh the conceits of many, 
 
 that perhaps would otherwise cooperate uitii him. 
 
 COP 
 
 and makes a man walk almost alone to his ovn 
 
 ends. Bacon. 
 
 By giving man a free will, he allows roantli.it 
 
 highest satisfaction aud privilege of coopcratini^ to 
 
 liis own felicity. Bo'ylc. 
 
 2. To concur in producing the same effect. 
 
 His mercy will not forgive oll'cnders, or his 
 
 benignity cooperate to their conversions. 
 
 Broioi's Vulgar Erro7trs. 
 
 All these causes cooperating, must, at la>t, weaken 
 
 their motion. Chttine's Fhiloxophical I'rinciples. 
 
 I'he sjieciul acts and impressions by which th^ 
 
 Divine Spirit introduces this charge, and how far 
 
 human liberty cooperates with it, are subjects bo- 
 
 ytmd our coinprehonsiou. Rogers. 
 
 CoopEK.v'riON. n. s, [from cooperate.] 
 
 The act of contributing or conctirrirg 
 
 to the same enil. 
 
 \\'e miiiht work any elTect without and against 
 
 matter ; and this not holpcn by the cooperation of 
 
 angels or spirits, but only by the unity and bai- 
 
 nioiiy of nature. Bacons Xat. Hist, 
 
 Coo'PER..\TlvE. atlj. [from cooperate.l 
 
 Promoting the saine end jointly. 
 Coo'pER.iTOR. n. s. [from conperate.'\ 
 He that, by joint endeavours, promotes 
 the same end with others. 
 CoopTATioN. n. s. [coopto, Lat ] Adop- 
 tion; assumption. 
 coo RDINATE.flrf/. [con and ordinatus, 
 Lat] Holding the same rank ; not being 
 subordinate. Thus shellfish may he di- 
 vided into two coordinate kinds, crusta- 
 ceous and testaceous ; each of wliich is 
 again ilivided into many species, subor- 
 dinate to the kind, but coordinate to 
 each other. 
 
 The word Analysis signifies the general and par- 
 ticular heads of a discfmrse, with thi-ir mutual con- 
 nections, both coordiuiitc and subordinate, drawn 
 out into one or more tables. H'otts. 
 
 Coo'RDINATELY.f/rfi'. [from conrdinate.] 
 In the same rank ; in the same relation ; 
 without subordination. 
 Coo'rdinateness. n. s. [from coordi- 
 nate.] The state of being coordinate. 
 Coo'rdination. U.S. [ivoxacoordinute.'] 
 The state of holding the same rank ; of 
 standing in the same relation to some- 
 thing higher ; collateralness. 
 
 In this high court of parliament there is a rare 
 cooi-rfimitioii of power, a wholesome mi.\ture be- 
 twixt mouarchv, optimacy, and democracy. 
 
 ' Houtt's Pre-eminence of Parliament. 
 When these petty intrigues of a play are so ill 
 ordered, that they' have no coherence with the 
 other, I must gran't that Lysidius has reason to tax 
 that want of due connexion ; for coordinatim in a 
 play is as dangerous and unnatural as in a state. 
 Drodcn on Vramatic Poe^rf. 
 
 Coot. n. s. [maer-kiit, Dut. cotce, Fr.] 
 A small black water-fowl, seen often in 
 fens and marshes. 
 
 A lake, the liaunt 
 Of coots, and of the lishiiig cormorant. 
 
 Dryden's FaHfS. 
 
 COP 71. >«. [kop, Dut.coq, Sax.] The head; 
 the top of any thing ; any thing rising to 
 a head: as, a cop, vidgarly cock, of liay; 
 a cob castle, properly cop-castle, a small 
 castle or house on a hill ; a cob of cherry- 
 stones, for cop, a pile of stones one laid 
 upon another; a tuft on tlie head of birds. 
 
 Copal, n. s. The Mexican term for a gum. 
 
 Copa'rcenary. n. .?. [from coparc'.nir.] 
 Joint succession to any inheritance. 
 
 408
 
 COP 
 
 111 descent to all tlie daii^liters in caparcnary, 
 for want of sons, the cliief house is allotted to the 
 eldest d.iu"hler. Hate's History of Common Lau: 
 
 COPARCENER, n. s. [from con ami 
 particfps, Lat.] 
 
 C(i;iarff;irrs are otherwise called parceners; and, 
 in coniim^n law, are such as have equal portion in 
 the inlicritance of the aiici slur. Cmidl. 
 
 This ereat lordsliip was broken and divided, 
 snd parTition made belv>ccn the five daughters: 
 ill ever^' of these |)ortions, the coparceiun's severally 
 eicrcised the same jurisdiclion royal, which the 
 carl marshal and his sons had used in the whole 
 iiroviiice. Duvics on Irvtami. 
 
 Copa'rceny. n.s. An equal share of 
 cop.irceners. Phillips's World of Words. 
 COPA RTNER . n. s. [co and partner.] 
 One that has a share in some common 
 stock or aflair ; one equally concerned ; 
 a sharer ; a partaker ; a jjartner. Milton 
 has used it both with of and in. 
 
 Our fait'iful friends. 
 Til' associates and copartners of our loss. 
 
 Milton's Par. Lost. 
 Shall I to him make known 
 As yet my change, and give him to partake 
 Full happiness with me? Or rather not; 
 But keep the odds of knowledge in my pow'r, 
 ^^■itilout copartner? Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Rather by them 
 I gain'd what I hare gaiiVd, and with them dwell 
 Copartner in these regions of the w()rld. 
 
 Milt'm's Par. Regained. 
 
 Copa'rtnership. n.s. [£iomcoparliia:] 
 The state of bearing an equal part, or 
 possessing an equal share. 
 
 In case the father left only daughters, the 
 daughters equally succeeded to their father as in 
 ropartuerskip. Hale. 
 
 Co'PATAiN. a^. [from cop.] High raised; 
 pointed. Hanmer. 
 
 Oh, fine villain ! a silken doublet, a velvet hose, 
 a scarlet cloke, and a copalain hat. 
 
 Shahe.'p. Taming of the Shreu-. 
 
 Copa'yva. n.s. [It is sometimes written 
 capivi, copivi, capnyva, copuyra, cit- 
 payva, ciipai/ba.] A gum which distils 
 from a tree in Brasil. It is much used 
 in disorders of the urinary passages. 
 
 Cope. n. s. [See Cop.] 
 
 1. Any thing with which the head is 
 covered. 
 
 2. A sacerdotal cloak, or vestment worn 
 in sacred ministration. 
 
 3. Any thing which is spread over the 
 head ; as the concave of the skies ; any 
 archwork over a door. 
 
 All these things that are contained 
 Within this gooiily cope, botii most and least, 
 Their being have, and daily are incre,^st. Spenser. 
 
 Over head ihe'dismal hiss 
 Of fiery darts in flaming volleys flew. 
 And Hying vaulted either host with fire ; 
 Su, uinlt-f fiery C(y)C, together rush'd 
 Doth battles main. Milton's Par. Lt^st. 
 
 The scholar believes there is no man under the 
 cope of heaven, who is so knowing as his master. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 To Cope. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To cover, as with a cope. 
 
 A very large bridge, tliat is all made of wood, 
 and coped over head. Addisan on Italy. 
 
 i. To contend with ; to oppose. 
 
 Know my name is lost, 
 B^ treason's tooth bare gnawn, and canker-bit ; 
 Yet am I noble as the adversary 
 I come to cope. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 S. To reward ; to give in return. 
 I and my friend 
 Have, by your wisdom, been this day acquitted 
 Of grievous penalties; in lieu whereof. 
 
 Vol, I. 
 
 COP 
 
 Tiiree thousand ducats, due unto the Jew, 
 
 \Vc freely cope jour courteous (iains witliul. Shah. 
 
 To Cope. v. n. 
 
 J. To contend ; to struggle; to strive. Tt 
 has iviih before tlie thing or person op 
 posed. [Inthissense it is a word of doubt- 
 ful etymology. Tlie conjecture of jM/f/?/5 
 derives it from koopen to bui/, or some 
 other word of the same import ; so that 
 to cope uith signifies to Inttrchange 
 blows, or any thing else, with another.] 
 
 Let our trains 
 March by us, that we may peruse the men 
 We shouul have cop' d u-itKul. iiihak. Hen. I\ 
 
 It is likely ihou wilt undertake 
 A thing, likedeaili, to cliide away this sliaine. 
 That cifpes with death itself, to 'scape from it. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But F.ve was Eve; 
 'J'liis far liis over-match, who, self-decejv'd, 
 And rasli, heforclmnd iiad no beUer w-erL;!rd 
 Tiie strengtli he was to cope tcith, or his own. 
 
 M'dUyn 
 
 They perfectly understood both the Iia-'os and 
 
 tlic euemy they were to cope withal. L'Kstra7tg€. 
 
 ' On every plain, 
 Host cop'd with host, dire was the din of war. 
 
 Philips. 
 Their generals have not been able to ci>pe with 
 the troojis of Athens, which I have conducied. 
 
 yiddison's IVhi^ Examiner. 
 If the mind apply itself first to easier subjects, 
 and things near a-liiii to what is already known ; 
 and then advance to the more remote and knotty 
 parts ot knowledge by slow degrees, it will be 
 able, in tins manner, tu cope ividi great dillicaliies, 
 and prevail over them with amazing and happv 
 success. Watts on trie Min^. 
 
 2. To encoimter; to interchange kind- 
 ness or sentiments. 
 
 Thou fresh piece 
 Of excellent witchcraft, who of force must know 
 The royal fool thou cop'st with. Shak. Wint. 2'ale. 
 
 Thou art e'en as just a man, 
 As e'er my convers;ition cop'd witkal. Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 To Cope. r. a. To embrace. 'Sot in use. 
 
 X will make liim tell the tale anew ; 
 Where, how, how oft, how long ago, and when, 
 He hath, and is again to cope your wife. 
 
 Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Co'PES^iATE. n. s, [perhaps £ov nfpamatty 
 a companion in drinking, or one that 
 dwells under the s:me cvpe^ for house.] 
 Companion ; friend. An old Avord. 
 \e ever staid in place, ne spake to wight. 
 Till that the fu.\ his dypestnatehe had found. 
 
 Ilubberd's Tale. 
 
 Co'piER. w. 5. [from copi/J] 
 
 1. One that copies ; a transcriber. 
 
 A ctiin is in nc» danger of having its diameters 
 altered h^y^opicrs and transcribers. Addh:. on Coins. 
 
 2. One that imitates; a jilagiary ; an imi- 
 tator. 
 
 Without invention a pt^inter is but a copier, and 
 apoet butaplagiary of others. Dnjden'$ Dujresnop. 
 
 Let the faint copier, on uld Tiber's shore, 
 Nor mean the task, each breathing bust explore; 
 Line after line with painful patience trace. 
 This Koman grandeur, tliat Alhenian grace. 
 
 7VcAe/. 
 
 Co'piNG. n. s. [from cod^.J The upper 
 tire of masonry which covers the wall. 
 
 Ail these were of costly stunvs, even from the 
 founda'ion unto the coping. 1 Kit!gs. vii. 9. 
 
 The copf Jiff, the modillions, or dentils, make a 
 noble sliew by their graceful projections. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 COPIOUS, adj. [copia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Plentiful; abundant; exuberant; in 
 
 great quantities. 
 Rose, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread 
 
 Their branches hung with ei>f io'its fruit. Milton. 
 
 COP 
 
 Full measure only bounds 
 Excess, before the alt-bounteous king, who 
 
 sliow'r'd 
 With copious hand, rejoicing in their joy. MiUoju 
 I'his alkaline acriiitoiiy ijidicales the copiout use 
 of vinegar and acid fruit's. Arhuthnot on .-iUmentt. 
 
 The tender heart is peace. 
 And kindly pours its copiaus treasures forth 
 In various converse. Tiwmson's Spring. 
 
 2. Abounding in words or images ; not 
 barren; not confined; not concise. 
 
 Hail, Son of God, Saviour of men ! thy name 
 Shall be the copious matter of my soii^ 
 Heiiceforlli, and never shall my harp ih^ praise 
 Forget, nor from thy Father's praise disjoin. 
 
 Milton. 
 Co'piousLY. adv. [from copious^ 
 
 1. Plentifully; abundantly; in great 
 quantities. 
 
 2. At larpe ; without brevity or concise- 
 ness; diffusely. 
 
 These several remains have been so copiously de- 
 scribed by abundance of travellers, and other *vri- 
 ters, that it is ver_\ dilHcult to make any new dis- 
 coveries on so beaten a subject. ' Addison. 
 
 Co'piousNESs. n. s. [from copious.] 
 
 1. PlfUty; abundance; great quantity; 
 exuberance. 
 
 2. Diffusion; exuberance of style. 
 
 The Roman orator endeavoured to imitate the 
 
 ctypi'jusness of Homer, and the Latin poet made 
 
 it his business to reach the conciseness of Doino^- 
 
 llienes. Vrydcu. 
 
 Co'piST. n.s. [from CO/;)/.] A copier; a 
 
 transcriber ; an imitator. 
 Co'PLAND. n.s. A piece of ground in 
 which the land terminates with an acute 
 angle. Diet. 
 
 Co'ppED. adj. [from cop.] Rising to a 
 top or head. 
 
 It was broad in its basis, and rose copped like a 
 suyar-loaf. irisf7U.in's Surgern. 
 
 A galeated eschinus being copped and some- 
 what conic. Tl'iwrfirarn'. 
 Co'pPEL. n..i. [This word is variously 
 spelt; a9i crpi'l, cupel, cnple, and eiipple ; 
 but 1 cannot find its et^mologj'.] An 
 instrument used in chymistry, in the 
 form of a dish, made of ashes, well 
 washed, to cleanse them from all their 
 salt ; or of bones thoroughly calcined. 
 Its use is to try ,ind purity gold and 
 silver, which is dotie by mingling lead 
 with the metal, and exposing it in the 
 copptl to a violeiit fire a long while. The 
 iuijnirities of the metal will then be car- 
 ried oft' in dross, which is called the 
 litharge of gold and silver. The refiners 
 call the coppel a test. Harris. 
 CO PPER. n. s. [koper, Out. cuprum, Lat.] 
 One of the six primitive metals. 
 
 Copper is the most ductile and malleable metal, 
 after gold and silver. Of a mixture o( copper and 
 lapis cidainlnaris is formed brass ; a compt'sitiun 
 of copper and tin makes bell-inetal ; and iv;»;'fr 
 and brass, melted in etjual quantities, produees 
 xthat the French call bronze, used for figures and 
 statues. Chantbett. 
 
 Copper is heavier than iiou or tin ; but lighter 
 Ihansilter, lead, and gold. Hill on Fotsiis. 
 
 Tw o vessels of fine copper, precious as puld. 
 
 Erro, viii. '^7. 
 Co'PPEK. 71. s. A vessel made of copper : 
 conmionly used for a boiler larger than 
 a moveal le pot. 
 
 Thev boiled it in a copi^cr to the half; then they 
 poured it into earthen vessels. 
 
 Baci>n'j Satnral History. 
 
 3 G 409
 
 COP 
 
 Copper-nose. n. s. [copper and nose.'] 
 A red nose. 
 
 IIl* liaviiij: culinir enough, and tlie otlicrhiglicr, 
 is ttio lla.iiiiig a praise for a goud complexion : I 
 hail as lii-ve Helen's golden tongue had eoin- 
 niended Iroilus fur a co]ipei'-nost\ Shakcsp. 
 
 Uutlu rosacea ariseth in little hard tnbercles, af- 
 fecting the face all over u ith great itchine, which 
 being scratched, looks red, and rises in great 
 M<'lks, renderiiig llie visage tiery ; and makes 
 copjKr-nusis, as we generally express them. 
 
 Whcman. 
 
 C0PPER-PL.\TE. n.s. A plate on whicli 
 pictures are engraven for the neater im- 
 pression, distinguished from a wooden 
 cut. 
 Copper-work. ri.s. [copper and work.] 
 A place where copper is worked or ma- 
 nufactured. 
 This is like those wrought at copper-itvrks. 
 
 J['oodward. 
 
 Copperas, n.s. [koppe7-oose,Dut. cou- 
 perouse, Fr. supposed to be found in cop- 
 per mines only.] A name given to three 
 sorts of vitriol; the green., the bluish 
 green, and the white, which are pro- 
 duced in the mines of Germany, Htni- 
 gary, and other countries. Hut what is 
 commonly sold here for copperas, is an 
 artificial vitriol, made of a kind of stones 
 found on tlie sea-shore in Essex, Hamp- 
 shire, and so westward, ordinarily called 
 gold stones froin their colour. They 
 abound with iron, and are exposed to 
 the weather in beds above ground, and 
 receive the rains and dews, which in 
 ' time breaks and dissolves the stones : the 
 liquor that runs oft" is pumped into boil- 
 ers, in which is first put old iron, which, 
 in boiling, dissolves. This factitious cop- 
 peras, in many respects, agrees with the 
 native green vitriol. Cliambvrs. Hill. 
 It may be questioned, wliether, in this opera- 
 tion, the iron or coyjperas be transmuted, from the 
 cognation of cnpperas with copper, and the iron 
 remaining after conversion. Bi-oun. 
 
 Coppersmith, n.s. [copper and smilh.] 
 One that manufactuies copper. 
 
 Sabnoneus, as the Grecian tale is, 
 Was a mad cojtpersmith of Elis ; 
 Up at his forge by morning peep. Su'lf't. 
 
 Co'ppERvvoRM. n. s. [teredo, Lat.] 
 
 1. A little worm in ships. 
 
 2. A worm that fretteth garments. 
 
 3. A worm breeding in one's hand. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 Co'PPERY. adj. [from copper.] Contain- 
 ing copper; made of copper. 
 
 Some springs of Hungary, highly impregnated 
 with vitriolick salts, dissofve the body of iron put 
 into the spring, and deposite, in lieu of the in)ny 
 particles carried otf, coppery particles brought with 
 the water out of the neighbouring copper-mines. 
 Woodwdrd on FussiU. 
 
 CO'PPICE. n.s. [cnitpeanx, Fr. from cali- 
 per to cut or lop. It is often written 
 copse.] Low woods cut at stated times 
 for fuel ; a place over-run with brush- 
 wood. 
 
 A land, each side whereof was bounded both 
 
 with high timber trees, and copses of far more 
 
 humble growth. Sidney. 
 
 Upon the edge of yonder coppice, 
 
 A stand, where you may have the fairest shoot. 
 
 ShaJcesp. 
 
 COP 
 
 In coppice wnoAs, if you leave staddles too thick, 
 tliey run to bushes and briars, and have little clean 
 un'lervvood. Bacon. 
 
 The willows, and the hazel coi>ses green. 
 Shall now no more be seen 
 I'aiming their joyous leaves to their soft lays. Mitt. 
 
 Raise trees in your seminaries and imrseries, 
 and you may transplant them for cojfpicc gromid, 
 walks, or hedges. Mortinievs Husbandri/. 
 
 The rate of cojipicc lands will fall upon the dis- 
 covery of coal-mines. LocAr. 
 Co'ppLK-DtisT. fi.s. [probably for cnppel, 
 or cupel dust.] Powder used in )iuri- 
 fying metals, or the gross parts sepa- 
 rated by the cujiel. 
 
 It may be also tried by incorporating powder of 
 steel, ov copper-dust, by pouncing into the quick- 
 silver. Bacon. 
 Coppi.E-STONES are lumps and frag- 
 ments of stone or marble, broke from 
 the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being 
 bowled and tumbled to and again by the 
 action of the water. Woodward. 
 Co'ppLED. (idj. [from cop.] Rising in a 
 coiiick form ; rising to a point. 
 
 There is some ditTTcrence in this shape, some 
 being Hatter on the top, others more coppled. 
 
 Woodwuvd on Fossih. 
 
 Copse, n. s. [abbreviated from coppice.] 
 
 Short wood cut at a certain growth for 
 
 fuel ; a place overgrown with short 
 
 wood. 
 
 The east quarters of the shire are not destitute 
 oi copse woods. Carew's Survey of Cornwall. 
 
 Oaks and brambles, if the copse be burn'd, 
 Confounded lie. To the same ashes turn'd. Waller. 
 
 But in what quarter of the copse it lay. 
 His eye by certain level could survey. "Dryd. Fab. 
 To Copse, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 preserve underwoods. 
 
 The neglect of copsing wood cut down, hath 
 been of very evil consequence. 
 
 SwijVs Address to Parliament. 
 
 COPULA, n. s. [Lat.] The word which 
 unites the subject and predicate of a 
 proposition ; as, books are dear. 
 
 The copula is the form of a proposition ; it re- 
 presents the act of the mind, ainrmin^ (jr denying. 
 Ttu//s'5 Logich. 
 
 To COTULATE. v. a. [copulo, Lat.] To 
 unite ; to conjoin ; to link together. 
 
 If the force of custom, simple and separate, be 
 great, the force of custom copulate, and conjoined, 
 and collegiate, is far greater. Bacon. 
 
 To Co'puLATE. 'b. n. To come together 
 
 as different sexes. 
 Not oidy the persons so copii/«tin^ are infected, 
 
 but also their children. Wueman's Surgery. 
 
 Copula'tion. ?!.«. [fyom. copulate'] The 
 
 congress or embrace of the two sexes. 
 
 Sundry kinds, even of conjugal cupu/titinn, are 
 prohibited as unhonest. Hooker. 
 
 Co'pulative. adj. [copulativus, Lat.] 
 A term of gi-amiiiar. 
 
 Copulatirc propositions are those which have 
 more subjects or predicates connected by affirma- 
 tive or negative conjunctions : as, riches and ho- 
 nours are teniptatiolls to pride ; Caisar conquered 
 the Uauls and the Britons ; neither gold mw 
 jewels will purchase innnortality. Watts's Logicli. 
 
 COPY. n. s. [copie, Fr. copia, low Lat. 
 qnodcuipiam facta est co\iia. eiscribendi. 
 Junius inclines, after his manner, to de- 
 rive it from xottS- labour; because, says 
 he, to copy another's writing is very 
 painful and laborious.] 
 
 1. A transcript from the archetype or 
 original. 
 
 COP 
 
 If virtue's self were lost, we might 
 From your fair mind new conies write. Waller. 
 
 I have not the vanity to liiink my copy equal to 
 the original. ' Dcnham. 
 
 He stept forth, not only the oi/^v of God's hands, 
 but also the copy of his perfections, a kind of 
 image or representation of the Deity in small. 
 
 Soath's .Sernwns^ 
 
 The Bomims having sent to Athens, and the 
 Greek cities of Italy, for copies of the best laws, 
 chose ten legislators to put them into form. Swift. 
 
 2. An individual book ; one of many 
 books : as, a good or fair copy. 
 
 The very having of the books of God was a 
 matter of no small charge, as they could not be 
 had otherwise than ill written copies. Hooker. 
 
 3. The auto^ia))h ; the original ; the ar- 
 chetype ; that from which any thing is 
 copied. 
 
 It was the cojiy of our conference ; 
 In bed he slept not, for my urging it ; 
 At board he fed not, for ni'y urging it. 
 
 Shakesp. Comedy rfErrours. 
 
 Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the 
 
 letters in the vulgar alphabet. Holder's Idem, of' S)}. 
 
 The first of them I have forgotten, and cannot 
 
 easily retrieve, because the copy is at the press. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 4. An instrument by which any convey- 
 ance is made in law. 
 
 Thou know'st that Banquoand his Fleance lives; 
 But in them nature's coyi/ s not eternal. Ahak. Miic. 
 
 5. A picture drawn from another picture. 
 Copy-book. fi.s. [copy and book-.] A 
 
 book in which copies are written for 
 learners to imitate. 
 Copy-hold. n.s. [copi/ and hold.] A te- 
 nure, for which the tenant hath nothing 
 to shew but the copy of the rolls made 
 by the steward of his lord's court : for 
 the steward, as he enrolls other things 
 done in the lord's court, so he registers 
 such tenants as are admitted in tJie court, 
 to any parcel of land or tenement belong- 
 ing to the manor; and the transcript of 
 this is called the court roll, the copy of 
 which the tenant takes from him, and 
 keeps as his only evidence. This is 
 called a base tenure, because it holds at 
 the will of tlie lord ; yet not simply, but 
 according to the custom of the manor : 
 so that if a copy-holder break not the 
 custom of tiie manor, and thereby for- 
 feit his tenure, he cannot be turned out 
 at the lord's pleasure. These customs 
 of manors vary, in one point or other, 
 almost in every manor. Some copy' 
 holds are finable, and some certain : that 
 which is finable, the lord rates at what 
 fine or income he pleases, when the te- 
 nant is admitted into it ; that which is 
 certain, is a kind of inheritance, and 
 called in many places custoinary ; be- 
 cause the tenant dying, and the hold 
 being void, the next of blood paying the 
 customary fine, as two shillings for an 
 acre, or so, cannot be denied his admis- 
 sion. Some copy-holders have, by cus- 
 tom, the wood growing upon their own 
 land, wliich l)y law they could not have. 
 Some hold by the verge in ancient ds- 
 mesne ; and though they hold by copy, 
 yet are they, in account, a kind of free- 
 holder ; for, if such a one commit fe- 
 
 410
 
 COR 
 
 lony, the king hath annum, diem, and 
 vastum, as in case of freehold. Some 
 others hold by common tenure, called 
 mere copi/-hold ; and, they committing 
 felony, tlieir land escheats to the lord 
 of the manor. CotvtU. 
 
 If a ciistDiiKiry tenant die, the widow siiall have 
 what the law calls her free bench iaall his ciipv- 
 hdd lands. Addison. 
 
 Copy-holder, n. .1. [from copi/ho/d.] 
 One that is possessed of land in copyhold. 
 7« Co'pY. v.ft. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To transcribe; to write after an original : 
 it has sometimes out, a kind of pleonasm. 
 
 He who huits a harmless nci^hh(»ur's peace, 
 Who luves a lye, lame slander llcips about, 
 Who writes alibel, or who en/nfs out. Fopc's Epist. 
 
 2. To imitate ; to propose to imitation ; to 
 endeavour to resemble. 
 
 He that borrows other men's experience, with 
 tllis design of copi/in^ it ant, possesses himself of 
 one of the greatest aavaiita^es. Vecau of' Viety. 
 
 Set the examples, and tlieir souls intlanie 
 To copy out their great forefathers fame. 
 
 Drydens King Arthur. 
 To copu her few nymphs aspir'd. 
 Her virtues fcw'cr swanis adnrir'd. Su-ifi. 
 
 To Co'pY. II. n. 
 
 1. To do any thing in imitation of some- 
 thing else. 
 
 Some imaf^ine, that whatsoever they find in the 
 picture of a master, who has acquired rej>utation, 
 must of necessity be excellent; and never fill, 
 when they ojpy, to follow the bad as well as the 
 good things. Drydens Dtifresnoy. 
 
 2. It has sometimes /rww before the thing 
 imitated. 
 
 When a painter copies from the life, he has no 
 privilege to alter features and lineaments, under 
 pretence that his picture will look better. Drydcn. 
 
 3. Sometimes after. 
 Several of our countrymen, and Mr. Dryden in 
 
 particular, seem very often to have copied njter it in 
 their dramatick writings, and in their jioeiiis upon 
 love. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 To Coque't. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 entertain with compliments and amo- 
 rous tattle; to treat with an appearance 
 of amorous tenderness. 
 
 You are cotiiictting a maid of honour, my ;ord 
 looking on to see how the gamesters play, and I 
 railing at you both. " Sii-ift. 
 
 To Coque't. v. n. To act the lover; to 
 entice by blandishments. 
 
 Phyllis, who but a month ago 
 Was married to the Tunbridge oeau, 
 I saw coquetting t' other niglTt, 
 In publick, with that odious knight. Sloift. 
 
 Coque'try. n. s. [coquetei-ie, Fi:] Affec- 
 tation of amorous advances; desire of 
 attracting notice. 
 
 I was often in company with acouple of charm- 
 ing women, who had all the wit and beautv one 
 could desire in female companions, without a dash 
 of coqnelri/, lliat from time to time gave me a great 
 many agreeable torments. Addison's Spectator. 
 COQUE'T I'E. n.s. [coquette, Fr. from 
 coquart a pnittler.] A gay, airy girl ; a 
 girl who endeavours to attract notice. 
 
 The light coquettes in sylphs aloft repair. 
 And sport and liutter in 'the fields of air. Pope. 
 
 A coquette and a tinder-box are spark-led. 
 
 Arhuthnot uud Pope. 
 
 Co'racle. 71. s. [avrwgle, Welsh, proba- 
 bly from corium leather, Lat.] A boat 
 used in Wales by fishers, made by draw- 
 ing leather or oiled cloth upon a frame 
 of wicker work. 
 
 CO RAL. n. s. [coraUium, Lat.] 
 
 COR COM 
 
 1. Redcora/isaplant ofasgreathardness Co'RnAN. n. «. [Dtp] An alms-ba'ket; 
 
 a recej)tacle of charity; a gift; an alms. 
 
 'I'hey think to satisfy all obligations to duty by 
 their corluni of reli^'ioii. t^iug Churte't. 
 
 CW^uusiaiirlsforaiiotrcringor^iftiiiaoe 10 God, 
 or his temple. 'I'lie Jews suiiieliiies s»».re by 
 corium, or the gifts i.tfered unto God. If a man 
 made all his fort unecm-6an, or devoted it lu God, tie 
 was forliiddento use it. If all llial be was to give 
 his wife, or liis father and mother, was declared 
 corhan, he vvas no longer permitted to allow itieiii 
 necessary subsistence. Even debtors wer- pei- 
 mitled to defraud llicir creditors, Ijy consecrating 
 tluir debt to God. Our .Saviour reproaciies llie 
 Jews, ill the Gospel, with these uiicliarilaliie and 
 irreligious vows. Bv Ibis word such pcr-ons were 
 likewise meant, as devoted iheiiiselves to the ser- 
 vice of God and his temple. tm-Aaiisignilies also the 
 treasury of the temple, w here the olferiiigs, wliicli 
 were made in money, were deposited. ' Catmet. 
 CoKliE. mlj. [cothbe, Fr.] Crooked. 
 Korsiker thy liead very lottic is. 
 So thy corbc shoulder it leans amiss. 
 
 Spenser's Pastorah. 
 
 Co'rbf.ils. n.s. Little baskets used in 
 fortification, filled with earth, and set 
 upon the pampet, to shelter the men in 
 firing upon the besiegers. 
 
 Co'rbf.l. n. *. [In architecture.] The re- 
 presentation of a basket, sometimes 
 placed on the heads of the caryatides. 
 
 CO'RB.I.. ]"■'■ 
 
 1. A .short piece of timber sticking out 
 six or eight inches from a wall, some- 
 times (jlaced for strength under tlie se- 
 miginlers of a platform. 
 
 2. A niche or hollow left in walls for 
 figures or statues. Cliiiiubers. 
 
 CORD. n.s. [cort, Welsh; chorda, Lat. ; 
 corde, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A rope ; a string composed of several 
 strands or twists. 
 
 She let them down by a cord through the win- 
 dow. J,M. ii. 5. 
 
 i'orm'd of the finest complicated thread, 
 Tliese iium'rous cords are tnro' the bodv spread. 
 
 BUtckini*re. 
 
 2. The cords extended in setting up tents, 
 furnish several metaphors in scripture. 
 _ Thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habita- 
 tion, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; 
 none of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, 
 neither shall any of the curds thereof be broken. 
 
 Isaiah, xxxiii. i^. 
 
 3. A quantity of wood for fuel, supposed 
 to be measured with a cord; a pile eight 
 feet long, four high, and four broad, 
 
 CoRn-M.VKER. n.s. \cord and 
 
 and stony nature, while growing in the 
 water, as it has after long exposure to 
 the air. The vulgar opinion, that coral 
 is soft while in the sea, proceeds from a 
 soft and thin coat, of a crustaceous mat- 
 ter, covering it while it i.s growing, and 
 which is taken off before it is packed up 
 for use. The whole coral plant grows to 
 a foot or more in height, and is variously 
 ramified. It is thickest at the stem, and 
 its branches grow gradually smaller. It 
 grows to stones, without a root, or with- 
 out any way penetrating them ; but as it 
 is found to grow, and talse in its nou- 
 rishment, in the manner of pk-ints, and 
 to produce flowers and seeds, or at least 
 a matter analogous to seeds, it properly 
 belongs to the vegetable kingdom. 
 
 Hill's Mat. Med. 
 In the sea, upon the south-west of Sicily, much 
 cora/is found. It is a submarine plant ; it ha 111 no 
 leaves ; it brancbetti only when it is under water. 
 It is soft, ;?nd green of colour; but being brought 
 into the air, itbecometb bard and shining red, as 
 we see. Bacon's Natural Historu. 
 
 This gentleman, desirous to find the nature of 
 coral, caused a man to go down a hundred fathom 
 into the sea, with express orders to take notice 
 whether it were hard or soft in the place where it 
 growetb. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 He hears the crackling sound of curui woods. 
 And sees the secret source of subterranean Hoods. 
 J)ryden's Virgil. 
 A turret was inclos'd 
 Within the wall, of alabaster white, 
 And crimson coral, for the queen of night. 
 Who takes in Sylvan sports her chaste delight. 
 
 Vryden. 
 Or wtiere 's the sense, direct or moral. 
 That teeth are pearl, or lips are cora/.? Prior. 
 
 2. The piece of coral which children have 
 about their necks, imagined to assist 
 them in breeding teeth. 
 
 Her infant grandame's coral next it grew ; 
 The bells shegingled, and the whistle Slew. P.ipe. 
 
 Cor AL-TREE. n. s. [corallodendron, Lat.] 
 
 It is a native of America, and produces very 
 
 beautiful scarlet flowers ; but never any seeds in 
 
 the F.uropean gardens. Miller. 
 
 Co'ralline, udj. [corallimis, Lat.] Con- 
 sisting of coral ; approaching to coral. 
 
 At such time as the sea is agitated, it takes up 
 into itself terrestrial matter of all kinds, and in 
 particular the coralline matter, letting it fall again, 
 as it becomes calm. " Woodieard. 
 
 Co'ralline. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 Coralline is a sea plant used in medicine ; but 
 much inferior to the coral in hardness, scmietiiues 
 greenish, sometimes yellowish, often reddish, and 
 frequently white. Hill. 
 
 In Falmouth there is a sort of sand, or rather 
 
 coralline, that lies under the owse. Moi-tim. Hush. 
 
 Co'RALLOID. \adj. [xogaWvoeiJin.] Re- 
 
 Co'ralloidal. J sembling coral. 
 
 Now that plants and ligneous bodies may indu- 
 rate under water, without approachincnt'of air, 
 wc have experiment in coralline, with many cnra/- 
 loidal concretions. 'Bnnrn. 
 
 Tlic pentadrous, columnar, coralloid bodies, that 
 are composed of plates set lengthways of tlie 
 body, and passing from the surface to* the axis 
 of it. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 Cora'nt. n. s. [courant, Fr.] A lofty 
 sprightly dance. 
 
 It is harder to dance a corant well than a ji<:g ; 
 so in conversation, even, easy, and agreeable, 
 more than points of wit. ~ Temple. 
 
 I would as soon believe a widc^w in great grief 
 for her husband, because I saw her dance a corant 
 about his cofiin. Walsli. 
 
 n. s. [cord and make.] 
 One whose ti'ade is to make ropes ; a 
 ropemaker. 
 Cord-wood. n. s. [cord and wood.] Wood 
 piled up for fuel, to be sold by the conl. 
 To Cord. v. a. [from the noun.] To bind 
 with ropes ; to fasten with cords ; to 
 close bj' a bandage. 
 Co'iu)*ge. n.s. [from cort/.] A quan- 
 tity of cords ; the ropes of a ship. 
 Our cordage from tier store, and cables, should 
 lie made. 
 Of any in that kind most fit for marilie trade. 
 
 Drauton. 
 
 fhey fastened tl-.eix ships, and rid at anchor 
 
 with cables of iron chains, having neither canvas 
 
 nor cordage. Ralei-'h. 
 
 Spain furnished a sort of rush called s|iartifm, 
 
 useful for cordage aud other parts of shipping. 
 
 .^r6ut/itii>t on Cotiw, 
 411
 
 COR 
 
 Co'rded. «//;. [fromcorrf.] Made of ropes. 
 
 This night he moaufth, with a. corded ladder, 
 
 To climb celestial Silvia's chamber window, ^huh, 
 
 Cordeli'eh. Ji,s. A Franciscan friar: so 
 
 named irom the cord which serves him 
 
 for a cincture. 
 
 And who to assist but a grave cordtlicr. Prior. 
 
 CO'RDIAL. 71. s. [from co?* the heart, Lat.] 
 
 1. A medicine that increases the force of 
 the heart, or quickens the cii'cuhition. 
 
 2. Any medicine that increases strength. 
 
 A cordial, properly speaking, is not always what 
 increaseth the force cjf the heart ; for, b}' iiicieas- 
 iiig tliat, the animal may be weakened, as iu in- 
 flammatory diseases. Whatever increaseih the 
 natural or animal strength, the force of moving the 
 fluids and muscles, is a. cordial: these are such 
 substances as brifig the serum of the blood into the 
 properest condition for circulation and nutrititm ; 
 as broths made of animal substances, nidk, ripe 
 fruits, and whatever is endued with a wholesome 
 but nut pungent ta^te. Arbutlinot on Aliments. 
 
 3. Any thing that comforts, gladdens, and 
 exhilarates. 
 
 Then with some cordials seek for to appease 
 The inward languor of my wounded heart, 
 
 And then my body shall have shortly ease ; 
 But such sweet cordials pass phy sicians art. Speiiser. 
 Cardials of pity give me now. 
 For I too weak for purges grow. Coidey. 
 Your warrior ofTspring that upheld the crown, 
 The scarlet honour of your peaceful gown, 
 Are the most pleasing objects I can find, 
 Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind. 
 
 Vryden, 
 
 Co'rdial, adj\^ 
 
 1, Reviving; invigorating; restorative. 
 
 It is a thing I make, which hath the king 
 Five times redeem'd from death : I do not know 
 What is more cordial. SJiakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 He only took cordial waters, in which we infused 
 sometimes purgatives, Wiseman s Surgery. 
 
 2. Sincere ; hearty ; proceeding from the 
 heai't; without hypocrisy. 
 
 Doctrines are infused among christians, which 
 are apt to obstruct or intercept the cardial super- 
 etructing of Christian life of renovation, where the 
 foundation is duly laid. Hammond. 
 
 He, witli looks of cordial love. 
 Hung over her enamour'd. ^Ulton. 
 
 Co'rdiality. 71. s. [from cordial.] 
 
 1. Relation to the heart. 
 
 That the antients had any such respects of cor- 
 diality, or reference unto the heart, will much be 
 doubled. Brouii. 
 
 2. Sincerity ; freedom from hypocrisy. 
 Co'rdially. adv. [from co7'dial.] Sin- 
 cerely ; heartily ; without hypocrisy. 
 
 Where a strong inveterate love of sin has made 
 any doctrine or proposition wholly unsuitable to 
 the heart, no argument, or demonstration, no nor 
 miracle whatsoever, shall be able to bring the heart 
 Cffrdiallif to close with, and receive it. ^oath's Serm. 
 
 Co'rdinek. 71. s. \cordo7inia\ Fr.] A shoe- 
 maker. It is so used in divers statutes. 
 
 CORDON, n. s. [Fr.] In fortification, a 
 row of stones jutting out before the ram- 
 part and the basis of tlie parapet. 
 
 i'hamhtrs. 
 
 CO'RDWAIN. 71. s. [Cordovan leather, 
 from Cordova in Spain.] Spanish leather. 
 
 Her straight legs most bravely were embay 'd 
 In golden buskins of costly cordwain. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Cordwa'iner. 71. $. [uncertain whether 
 from Cordovan, Spanish leather, or from 
 cordy of which shoes were foinierly 
 made, and are now used in the Spanish 
 West Indies. Trevoux.] A shoemaker. 
 
 CORE. 71. s. [cceur, Fr. ; cor, Lat.] 
 
 1. The heart. 
 
 COR 
 
 Give rae that man 
 That is not passion's slave, and I will wear liim 
 In my heart's core; ay, in my heart of heart. 
 
 Shakcsp. Hamkt. 
 
 2. The inner part of any thing. 
 
 In the core of the square she raised a tower of a 
 
 furlong high. Ralcigh^s History of' the World. 
 
 Dig out the C01-CS below the surface. Mart. Husb. 
 
 They wasteful eat, 
 
 Through buds and bark, into the blacken'd core. 
 
 Tholni;cn. 
 
 3. The inner part of a fruit which con- 
 tains the kernels. 
 
 It is re|iorted that trees, watered perpetually 
 with warm water, will make a fruit with little or 
 no core or stone. Bacon. 
 
 4. The matter contained in a boil or sore. 
 
 Launce the sore. 
 And cut the head ; for, till the care be found. 
 The secret vice is fed, and gathers ground. 
 
 ' Vrydens Virgil. 
 
 5. It is uscfl by Bacon for a body or collec- 
 tion, [from corps, Fr. pronounced core.] 
 
 He was more doubtful of the raising offerees to 
 resist tlie rebels, than of the resistance itself; for 
 that he was in a core of people whose atlections he 
 suspected. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Coria'ceou.s. adj. [coriaceiis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Consisting of leather. 
 
 2. Of a substance resembling leather. 
 
 A stronger projectile motion of the blood must 
 occasion greater secretions and loss of liquid parts, 
 and from thence perhaps spissitude and coriaceous 
 concretions. Arbiilknot on Aliments. 
 
 Coria'nder. n, «. [co)-ianUruin, ha.t.'j A 
 plant. 
 
 The species are, 1. Greater cmaTw^ej*. 2. Smaller 
 testiculated coriander. The first is cultivated for 
 the seeds, which are used in medicine ; the second 
 sort is seldom found. MUier. 
 
 Israel called the name thereof manna; and it 
 was, like coriander seed, white. Exodus, xiii. .SI. 
 
 CORINTH, n.s. [from the city of that 
 naine in Greece.] A small fruit, com- 
 monly called currant. 
 
 Now will the rm'iji(/is, now the rasps supply 
 Delicious draughts. Fltiiius. 
 
 The chief riches of Zant consist in corinths, 
 which the inhabitants have in great quantities. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 Cori'nthian Order, is generally reckon- 
 ed the fourth, but by some the fifth, of 
 the five orders of architecture ; and is 
 the most noble, rich, and delicate of 
 them all. Vitruvius ascribes it to Cal- 
 liraachus, a Corinthian sculptor, who is 
 said to have taken the hint by passing by 
 the tomb of a young lady, over which a 
 basket with some of her playthings had 
 been placed by her nm-se, and covered 
 with a tile ; the whole having been placed 
 over a root of acanthus. As it sprung up, 
 the branches encompassed the basket ; 
 but arriving at the tile, bent downwards 
 under the corners of it, forming a kind 
 of volute. Hence Caliraachus imitated 
 the basket by the vase of his capital, the 
 tile in the abacus, and the leaves in the 
 volute. Villalpandus imagines the Co- 
 rinthian capital to have taken its origi- 
 nal from an order in the temple of So- 
 lomon, whose leaves were those of the 
 palm-tree. The capital is adorned with 
 two rows of leaves, between which little 
 stalks arise, of which the sixteen volutes 
 are formed, wliich support the abacus. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 COR 
 
 Behind these figures are large columns of the 
 Corinthian order, adorned with fruit and (lowers. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 CORK. n. s. [cortex, Lat. korck, Dut, 
 Hie dies, anno redeuntc, fe.<:tus 
 Corticem asiriclum pice dimovibit 
 Amphorce fumum hibere institntte 
 
 Consulc Tullo. Hor.] 
 
 1. A glandiferous tree, in all respects like 
 the ilex, excepting the bark, which, in 
 the cork tree, is thick, spongy, and soft. 
 
 IMilhr. 
 
 The cork tree grows near the Pyrenean hills, and 
 ill several parts of Italy, and the north of New 
 Kngland. ^ Mortimer. 
 
 2. The bark of the cork tree used for stop- 
 ples, or burnt into .Spanish black. It 
 is taken off without injury to the tree. 
 
 3. A piece of cork cut for the stopple of 
 a bottle or barrel. 
 
 I pr'ythec take the cork out of thy mouth, that 
 I may drink thy tidings. Shakesv. Asvou likeit. 
 
 Be sure, nay very sure, thy cork be good ; , 
 Then future ages shall of Peggy tell. 
 That nymph that brew'd and bottled ale so well. 
 
 King. 
 
 Nor stop, for one bad cork, his butler's pay.Piijjc. 
 
 Corking-pin. n. s. A pin of the largest 
 size. 
 
 _ ^^' lien you put a clean pillow-case on your lady's 
 pillow, be sure to fasten it well w ith three corking- 
 pins, that it may not fall otl' in the night. 
 
 Suujt's Directions to the Chainhermaid. 
 Co'rky. adj. [from cork.] Consisting of 
 cork ; resembling cork. 
 Bind fast his corky arms. Shakcsp. King Lear. 
 
 Co'rmorant. n.s. [cormorant, Fr. from 
 corvus marimis, Lat.] 
 
 1. A bird that preys upon fish. It is neai-ly 
 of the bigness of a capon, willi a wry 
 bill and broad feet, black on his body, 
 but greenisli about his wings. He is 
 eminently greedy and rapacious. 
 
 Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives. 
 Live register'd upon our brazen tombs ; 
 When, spite oi cormorant devouring time, 
 Th" endeavour of this present breath may buy 
 That honour which shall 'bate his scythe's keen 
 edge. Shakesu. 
 
 Those called birds of prey, as the eagle, hawk, 
 puttock, and cormorant. Peacham on Drawing, 
 
 Tlience up lie flew, and on the tree of life 
 Sat like a cormorant. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Nut tar from ihence is seen a lake, the haunt 
 Of coots, and of the fishing cormorant. Dryd, Fab. 
 
 2. A glutton. 
 
 CORN. 71. s. [copn. Sax. korn. Germ. It 
 is found in all the Teutonick dialects ; 
 as, in an old Ilunick rhyme, 
 
 Hagiil er kuldastur coma. 
 
 Hail is the coldest grain.] 
 
 1. The seeds which grow in ears, not in 
 pods ; such as are made into bread. 
 
 Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and 
 die, it abideth alone. Jolm, xii. 25. 
 
 'I'he people cry you mock'd them ; and, of late. 
 When corn was giventheui gratis, you rcpin'd. Sfeafc. 
 
 2. Grain yet unreaped, standing in the 
 field upon its stalk. 
 
 All the idle weeds that grow 
 In our sustaining corn. Shakcsp. Kin^ Lear. 
 
 Landing his men, he burnt the corn all there- 
 abouts, which was now almost ripe. 
 
 Knollcs's History of the Turkt. 
 Still a murmur runs 
 Along the soft inclining fields of com. Thorns. Aut. 
 
 3. Grain in the ear, yet unthreshed. 
 Thou shalt come to thy grave in a full age, like 
 
 as a shock of corn cometli in his season. Job ». 26. 
 
 412
 
 COR 
 
 4. An excrescence on the feet, hard and 
 painful ; probably so called from its form ; 
 thouirh by some supposed to be denomi- 
 nated from its corneous or homy sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Ladies, that Imvc your feet 
 Onplaju'd » itli corns, we'll have a bout with you. 
 •^ ^ Sliulicsp. 
 
 The man that makes his toe 
 What he iiis heart should luake, 
 
 Shall of a corn cry woe. 
 And turn his sleep to wake. Stiak. h. Lear. 
 Even in nun, aches and hurts and corns do en- 
 grieve either towards rain or towards frost. 
 
 Baron's Nat. Historii. 
 
 Tlie hardest part of the corn is usually in the 
 
 middle, thrusting itself in a nail ; whence it has 
 
 the Latin anpcllalion u( clan'is. Ifisemim. 
 
 He first that u-eful secret did explain. 
 That jiricking cmis foretold the gath'riii" rain. 
 
 Gay's Vastorals. 
 
 It looks as there were regular accuiuulatioiis 
 
 •md gatherings of humours, growing perhaps in 
 
 some people as co}-tis. Arbuthtwt. 
 
 Thus Lamb, rcnown'd for cutting corns. 
 An offer'd fee from RadclitF scorns. Swift. 
 
 To Corn. v. a. [from the noim.] 
 
 1. To salt; to sprinkle with salt. The 
 •word is so used, as Skinner observes, by 
 
 the old Sax"ns. 
 
 2. To granulate. 
 
 Corn-field, n. s. ^. field -where corn is 
 growing. 
 
 It was a lover and his lass. 
 That o'er the green corn-field did pass. 
 
 Sliakesp. As you like it. 
 You may soon enjoy the gallant sights of ar- 
 mies, encaiupnicnls, and standards waving over 
 your brother s cornjields. Pojte. 
 
 Corn-flag, n.s, [corn and Jlag.} A 
 plant. 
 
 Miller enumerates eleven species of 
 this plant, some with red flowers, and 
 some with white. 
 Cokn-floor, n.s. The floor where corn 
 is stored. 
 
 V Thou hast loved areward upon ever^-com-Jioor. 
 
 Hos. IX. 1. 
 
 Corn-flower. «. s. [from corn and 
 Jlower.^ 
 
 There be certain corn-Jioivers, wiiich come sel- 
 dom or never in other places, unless they be set, 
 but only amongst cnrji ; as the blue-bottle, a kind 
 of yellow marygold, wild poppy, and furniitory. 
 Bacon's 'Natural History. 
 
 Ccfm-Jlowers are of many sons : some of tiiera 
 flower in June and July, *and others in August. 
 The seeds should be sown iii March ; they require 
 a good soil. Mortimer. 
 
 Corn-land. n. s. \corn and land.] Land 
 
 appropriated to the production of grain. 
 
 Pastures and meadows are of such advantagf; to 
 
 husbandry, that many prefer them to corn lands. 
 
 Mortimers Hnsbandry. 
 
 Corn-master, n.s. [com a.nd master.'] 
 One that cultivates corn for sale. Not 
 in use, 
 
 I knew a nobleman in 'England, that had the 
 greatest audits of any man in my tiiue ; a great 
 grasier, a great sheep-master, a great timber-man, 
 a great collier, a great corn-inasier, and a great 
 leadman. Bacon. 
 
 Corn-marigold, n. s. [from coin and 
 
 marigold.] A flower. 
 CoEN-MiLL. n. s. [corn and mill.] A 
 
 mill to grind corn into meal. 
 
 Save the more laborious work of beating of 
 hemp, by making the axle-tree of the corn-milU 
 longer than ordinary, and placing pins in it to 
 raise large hammers. Mortimer. 
 
 CoKN-PiPE. n. s, [from corn and pipe.] 
 
 COR 
 
 A pipe made by slitting the joint of a 
 green stalk of corn. 
 
 Now the shrill com-jjipes, echoing loud to arms. 
 To rank and file reduce the stragghng swarmi. 
 
 Tickcl. 
 
 CoRN-ROCKET. n. s. [from corn and 
 
 rocket.] A plant. 
 CoRN-ROSE. n. J. A species of poppy. 
 CoRN-SALLAD. «. s. [from com and 
 
 sallacl.] 
 
 Corn-sallad is an herb, whose top-leaves are a 
 sallet of themselves. Mortimer's [lusbondry. 
 
 Co'rnagk. n.s. [from con;e, Fr. corn M, 
 I^t.] A tenure w hich obliges the land- 
 holder to give notice of an invasion by 
 blowing a hovn. 
 
 Co'rnchandler. n.s. [corn and chand- 
 ler.] One that retails corn. 
 
 Co'rncutter. n. s. [from corn and cut.] 
 A man whose profession is to extirpate 
 corns from the foot. 
 
 The nail was not loose, nor did seem to press 
 into the flesh ; for there had been a cornculter, w ho 
 had cleared it. Wiseman. 
 
 I have known a comcutter, who, with a right 
 education, would have been an excellent phy- 
 sician. Spectator. 
 
 Co'RNEL. In.s. [cornKS^Lat.l 
 
 Cornelian-tree, j ^ > j 
 
 The cornel-tree beareth the fruit commonly call- 
 ed the cornel or cornelian cherry, as well from the 
 name of the tree, as the cornelian stone, the colour 
 whereof it somewhat reitrcsents. The wood is 
 very durable, aiid useful for wheel-work. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Take a service-tree, or a comelian-trce, or an 
 elder-tree, which we know have fruits of harsh 
 and bindinji; juice, and set them near a vine or tig- 
 tree, and see whether the grapes or figs will not 
 be the sweeter. Bacon's A'uf. History. 
 
 A huntress issuing from the wood, 
 Reclining on her cornel spear she stood. Dr^ideii. 
 
 Mean time the goddess, in disdain, bestows 
 The mast and acorn, brutal food ! and strews 
 The fruits vi cornel, as they feast around. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 On wildings and on strawberries they fed ; 
 Cornels and biarable-berries gave the rest, 
 And falling acurnsfurnish'd out a feast. Dryd.Oitd. 
 
 Corne'lian STONE. See Carnelian. 
 CORNEiMUSE. n. s. [Fr.] A kind of 
 
 rustick flute. 
 Co'rneous. «rf/. [corneuSj'Lat] Homy; 
 of a substance resembling hoi*n. 
 
 Such as have corneous or horny eyes, as lobsters, 
 and crustaceous animals, are generally dimsiirh tod. 
 
 Broun. 
 
 The various submarine shrubs are of a corneous 
 
 or ligneous constitution, consisting chiefly of a 
 
 fibrous matter. Wooduard. 
 
 CORNER, n. s. [cornel, Welsh ; cornier, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. An angle; a place inclosed by two 
 walls or lines, wiiich would intersect 
 eacli oilier, if drawn beyond the point 
 where they meet. 
 
 2. A secret or remote place. 
 
 There 's nothing I have done yet, o' my con- 
 science, 
 Deserves a corner. Shakcsp. Ilcnry VIII. 
 
 It is better to dwell in a corner of a house top, 
 
 than with a brawling woman and in a wide house. 
 
 Proverbs, x.\v.2-i. 
 
 T am persuaded that none of these things are 
 hidden from bim ; fur this thing was not done in 
 a corner. Acts, xxvi. '26. 
 
 All the inhabitants, ineverycornrr of the island, 
 have been absolutely reduced under his immediate 
 subjection. Davies. 
 
 '1 hose vices, that lurk in the secret comers of 
 llie soul. Jddii^n. 
 
 COR 
 
 3. The extremities ; the utmo.st limit : thus 
 every comer is the whole or every iiart. 
 
 Mitiht I but throueh my prison, once a clay. 
 Behold this maid, all earners else o' th' earth 
 Let liberty make use of. Sltakesp. Tempest. 
 
 I tuni'd, and tried each cirmer of my bed. 
 To find ;f sleep were there ; but &iccp was lost. 
 
 SJryd. 
 
 Corner-stone, n. s. [corner and stone.] 
 The stone that unites the two walls at 
 the comer ; the principal stone. 
 
 See you yond' coin o' ih' Capitol, yond corner- 
 stone ? Shakap. 
 A mason was fitting ^comer-stone. 
 
 Hovel's Vocal Forest. 
 
 CORNER-TEF.TH of a IJorse, are the fore 
 teeth between the middling teeth and 
 the tushes ; two above and two below, 
 on each side of the jaw, which shoot 
 wlicn the horse is four 3-ears and a lia'f 
 old. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Co'rnerwise. adi: [corner and u-ise] 
 Diagonally ; with the comer in front. 
 
 Co'rnet. n. s. [cornetle, Fr.] 
 
 1. A musical instrument blown with the 
 mouth : used anciently in war, probably 
 in the cavalry. 
 
 Israel played before the Lord on psalteries, and 
 
 on timbrels,* and on cornets. 2 Sam. vi. 5. 
 
 Other wind instruments require a forcible 
 
 breath ; as trumpets, cornets, and hunter's horns- 
 
 Bacon's Natural HistOT'j. 
 
 Comets and trumpets cannot reach liis ear ; 
 
 Under an actor's nose, he 's never near. 
 
 Dryden's Juienat. 
 
 2. A company or troop of horse ; perhaps 
 as many as had a comet belonging to 
 tliem. This sense is now disused. 
 
 These noblemen were appointed, wiili some 
 comers of horse and bands of foot, to put theia- 
 selves beyond the hill where the rebels were en- 
 camped. Bacon. 
 
 Seventy great horses lay dead in the field, axHl 
 one comet was taken. Hauieard. 
 
 They discerned a body of five comets of^ horse 
 very full, standing in very good order to receive 
 them. Cttircnden. 
 
 3. The officer that bears the standard of 
 
 a troop. 
 
 4. Cornet of a Horse, is the lowest part of 
 his pastern, that runs round the coffin, 
 and is distinguishe<l by the hair that 
 joins and covers the upper part of the 
 hoof. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 5. A scarf anciently worn by Doctors. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 S. A head dress. Diet. 
 
 7. Cornet of Paper, is described by NAin- 
 ncr to be a cap of paper, made by re- 
 tailors for small wares. 
 
 Co'rnetter. n. s. [from comet.] A 
 blower of the comet. 
 
 'So great was the rabble of trumpetters, comet- 
 ters, and other musicians, that even Clauditis him- 
 self might liave heard them. Ilaketcill on Proiid. 
 
 CoR'SiCK. n.s. [corniche, Fr.] The high- 
 est projection of a wall or column. 
 
 The cornice of the Palazzo Farncse, which makes 
 
 so beautiful an edect below, wl'en viewed more 
 
 nearly, « ill be found not to have its just measures. 
 
 Druden's Vujresu.fy. 
 
 The walls were massy brass, theromitr high" 
 
 Blue metals crown'd, in colours of the skv. 
 
 Pope's (Idyssry. 
 
 Cornice Ring. [In gunnerj-.] The next 
 ring from tlie muzzle backwards. 
 
 C/iambers. 
 413
 
 COR 
 
 Co'rnicle. n,s. [from corwM, Lat.] A 
 little horn. 
 
 'I'iierc will bo found, on eitlier side, two black 
 filanients, or membranous strings, wliich extend 
 unto the long and sliorter cornicle, upon protru- 
 sion. Broiiris I'ulgiir hnours. 
 CoRNi'cui.ATE. adj. [from cortiu, Lat.] 
 A teim in botany. 
 
 CornicuLtte plants are such as produce many dis- 
 tinct and liurned puds ; Ltnd coniiculatc llowers are 
 such liilluw tiowers as have on their upper part a 
 kind uf spur, ur litlle Iiuni. Chmitbcrs. 
 
 CoRNlFlCK. adj. [from cornu andfacioj 
 Lat.] Productive of horns ; making 
 horns. Diet. 
 
 CoRNiGEROus. adj. [cornige?\ Lat.] 
 Horned ; having horns. 
 
 Nature, in other coniigcrotis animals, liatli placed 
 the horns higher, and reclining; as in bucks. 
 
 Brown's Vidgur Krrours. 
 
 CORNUCOPIA, n. s. [Lat.] Vhe hoin 
 of plenty ; a horn topped with fruits and 
 flowers in the hands of a goddess. 
 
 To CoRNUTE. I'. a. [corniitus, Lat.] To 
 bestow horns ; to cuckold. 
 
 Cornu'ted. adj. [cornutus, Lat.] Graft- 
 ed with horn ; horned ; cuckolded. 
 
 Coenu'to. n.s. [from cor7iulus, Lat.] 
 A man horned ; a cuckold. 
 
 Tlie peaking cornuto, her husband, dwelling in 
 a continual larurn of jealousy. 
 
 Sliah'sjf. Meiry Wives of Windso); 
 
 Co'rny. adj. [from cornu, horn, Lat.] 
 
 1. Strong or hard like horn ; horny. 
 
 Up stood the corny reed, 
 Embattel'd in her field. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 2. [from corn.] Producing grain or corn. 
 
 Tell me why the ant, 
 'Midst summer's plenty, thinks of vvinter's want ; 
 By constant journeys careful to prepare 
 Her stores, and bringing home the corny ear. Prior. 
 
 3. Containing corn. 
 
 They lodge in liabitations not their own, 
 By their high crops and corny gizzards known. 
 
 Drydeji. 
 
 Co'rollaey. n. s. [corollarium, Lat. from 
 
 corolla ; finis coronal opus : corollair, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1 . The conclusion : a corollary seems to 
 be a conclusion, whether following from 
 tlie premises necessarily or not. 
 
 Now since we have considered the malignity of 
 this sin of detraction, it is but a natural corollary, 
 that we enforce our vigilance against it. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 As a corollary to this preface, in w hich I have 
 
 done justice to others, I owe somewhat to myself. 
 
 Drydcns Fables, Preface. 
 
 2. Surplus. 
 
 Bring a corollary. 
 Rather than want. Sliakesp. Tempest. 
 
 CORONA, n.s. [Lat.] A large flat mem- 
 ber of the cornice, so called because it 
 crowns the entablature and the whole 
 oitler. It is called by workmen the 
 drip. Cliumber.i. 
 
 In a cornice the gola or C3'matium of the corona, 
 the cojiing, the niodillions or dcnteili, make a 
 noble shew by their graceful projections. Spect. 
 
 Co'ronal. n.s. [co;-o«a, Lat.] Acrownj 
 a garland. 
 
 Crown ye god Bacchus with a coronal. 
 And Hymen alsocrownwith wreathsof vine. Spens. 
 
 Co'ronal. adj. Belonging to the top of 
 the head. 
 
 A man of about forty-five ye.irs of age came to 
 rae, with a round tubercle between the sagittal 
 and coronal suture. Wiieinan. 
 
 COR 
 
 Co'rovary. adj. [coi-oiiarius, Lat.] 
 
 1, Relating- to a crown ; sealed on the top 
 of the head like a crown. 
 
 The basilisk of older times was a proper kind 
 of serpent, not above three palms long, as some 
 account; and dilVerenced from other serpents b_y 
 advancing liis head, and some white marks, or 
 cormmn/ spots, upon the crown. Brown. 
 
 2. It is apphed in anatomy to arteries, 
 which are fancied to encompass the 
 heart in the manner of a garland. 
 
 The substance of tlie heart itself i.s most cer- 
 tainly made and nourished by the blood, which is 
 conveyed to it by the coronary arteries. 
 
 Bcntley's Sermons. 
 
 Corona'tion. 71. s. [from corona, Lat.] 
 1. The act or solemnity of crowning a 
 king. 
 
 Fortune smiling at her work thcTcin, that a 
 scartbid of execution should grow a scallbld of 
 coronation. Sidricy. 
 
 Willingly I came to Denmark, 
 To shew my duty in your coronntion. Shnk. Haml. 
 A cough, Sir, which I caught witii ringing in 
 the king's affairs upon his coronation day. 
 
 Sliake.'<}>. henry 1\. 
 Kow empress fame had publish'd the renown 
 Of Sh ■—■ — 's cinvnation through the town. 
 
 Drydens Macji. 
 2. The pomp or assembly present at a co- 
 ronation. 
 
 In pensive tliought recal the fancied scene. 
 See coronatiom rise on ev'ry green. Pope. 
 
 Co'roner. 7i,s. [from rorowtf.] An officer 
 whose duty is to enquire, on the part of 
 the king, how any violent death was oc- 
 casioned; for which purpose a jury is 
 impannelled. 
 
 Go thou and seek the coroner, and let him sit 
 o' my uncle ; for he 's in the third degree of drink ; 
 he 's drowned. Shakesp. 
 
 Co'ronet. n.s. [co?'onff/tf, Ital. the di- 
 minutive of corona a crown.] 
 
 1. An inferiour crown worn by the no- 
 bility. The coronet of a duke is adorned 
 with strawberry leaves ; that of a mar- 
 quis has leaves with pearls interposed ; 
 that of an earl raises the pearls above 
 the leaves ; that of a viscount is sur- 
 roimded with only pearls; that of a 
 baron has only four pearls. 
 
 In his livery 
 Walk'd crowns andcormiefs; realms and islands 
 
 were 
 As plates dropt from his pocket. 
 
 Shaken}). Antony and Clcojjatra. 
 
 All the rest are countesses. 
 
 ^^Their com/if is say so. Shakesp. Ihnrii VIII. 
 
 Nor could our nobles hope tlieir bold uUenipt, 
 
 Who ruinVi crowns, would cornyiets exempt. Dryd. 
 
 Peers and dukes, anH all their sweeping train. 
 
 And garters, suirs, and coronc:ts appear. Pope. 
 
 2. An ornamental head-dress, in poetical 
 
 lanfjuage. 
 
 The rest was drawn into ncoronet of gold, richly 
 set with pead. Sidney. 
 
 Under a coronet his flowing hair. 
 In curls, on either cheek piay'd. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 Corporal, w. s. [corrupted from capo- 
 ral, Fr.] The lowest oflicer of the in- 
 
 fantry, whose office is to place and 
 remove the sentinels. 
 
 The cruel corp'ral whisper'd in my ear. 
 Five pounds, if rightly tipt, would set me clear. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Corporal of a Ship. An officer that 
 hath the charge of setting the watches 
 and sentries, and relieving them ; who 
 
 COR 
 
 sees that all the soldiers and sailors keep 
 their aims neat and clean, and teaches 
 them how to use iheiu. lie has a mate 
 under him. Harris, 
 
 CORPORAL, adj. \corporel, Fr.] corpus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 I . Relating to the body ; belonging to the 
 body. 
 
 To relief of lazars and weak age. 
 Of indigent faint souls past corporal toil, 
 A hundred alms-houbes right well sup|)lipd. 
 
 Shakcsp. Henry V. 
 
 Render to me some corporal sign about her. 
 More evident than this. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 That God hath been otherwi.^c seen, "with cor- 
 poral eyes, exceedeth the small proportion of my 
 understanding. Raleigh. 
 
 Beasts enjoy greater sensual pleasures, and teei 
 fewer corporal pains ; and are uUcr strangers to all 
 those an.\ious and tormenting thoughts, which per- 
 petually haunt and disquiet iiianLnuL Atlcrbnry. 
 2. Material ; not spiritual. In the present 
 language, when bodi/ is used philosophi- 
 cally in opposition to spirit, the word 
 corporeal is used, as, a corporeal being; 
 but otherwise corporal. Corporeal is, 
 having a body; corporal, relating to the 
 body. This distinction seems not an- 
 cient. 
 
 Whither are they vanish'd ? 
 Into the air ; and what seem'd coj-poral 
 Melted, as breath, into the wind, iihak. Macbeth. 
 
 And from these nifyim-a/ nutriments, perhaps. 
 Your bodies may at la^t turn all to spirit. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Corpora'lity. w. s. [from corporal.] 
 The quality of being embodied. 
 
 If this light he )iot spiritual, yet it approacheth 
 nearest unfo spirituality ; and if it have any cor- 
 porality, then, of all other, the most subtile and 
 pure. lialcigh's History. 
 
 Co'rporally. adv. [from corporal.] 
 Bodily. 
 
 The sun is corporally conjoined with basili.scus. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 CORPORATE, adj. [from coiyus, Lat.] 
 \, United in a body or community; 
 
 enabled to act in legal processes as an 
 
 individual. 
 
 Breaking forth like a sudden tempest, he over- 
 run all Munster and Connaught, defacing and 
 utterly subverting all corporate towns that were 
 not strongly \\alled. Spenser an Ireland. 
 
 The nohfes of Athens being not at this time a 
 fOiYJorate assembly, therefore the resenlnuntof the 
 connuons was usually turned against particular 
 persons. Swift. 
 
 2. General ; united. 
 
 They answer in a joint and corporate voice. 
 That now they are at fall. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Co'rporateness. n.s. [from corporate.] 
 The state of a body corporate ; a com- 
 munity. Diet. 
 
 Corpora'tion. n s. [from corpus, Lat.] 
 
 A corporation is a body politick, authorized by 
 the king's charter to have a common seal, one 
 head ofhcer or more, and members, able, by their 
 connnon consent, to grant or receive, in law, any 
 thing within the com|)ass of their ch:i7ter : even 
 as one man may do by law all things, that by law 
 he is not forhitJden ; and biudelh ihe successors, 
 as a single man binds his executor or heir, Con'cU. 
 
 Of ancels we are not to consider only what they 
 are, and do, in regard of thfir own being; but 
 that also which concerneth them, as they are 
 linked into a kind of corporation amongst then^ 
 selves, and of society with men. Hooker. 
 
 Of this we find some foot-steps in our law. 
 Which doth her root from God and nature take ; 
 
 Teii thousand men ^he doth together draw, 
 And of theiu all one co^-poraiion n^ake. Davies. 
 
 414
 
 COR 
 
 Cor'porature. n. s. [from corpus, Lat.] 
 The state of being embodied. Diet. 
 CoiiPo'REAL fi//j. [corporcus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Having a body ; not iiiiniatcriul ; not 
 spiritual. See CoRPOKAL. 
 
 The swiftness of those circles attribute, 
 Though IUlulhe^Ie^s, to his oiiuii|Jotciicc, 
 That t(j corpitrcat substances couhi aii.i 
 Speed airuoot spiritual. _ MUlon's Pur. Lost. 
 
 Having survc^ycd tJie itriage of God itt tlie soul, 
 wc arc not to omit those characters liiat GorJ iin- 
 printed upon the body, as inuclt as a spiritual 
 substance cuuld be pictured upon acor^toreul. 
 
 South s .Sermons. 
 
 God being supposed to be a pure spirit, cannot 
 be the object of any corporeal sense. TiUolson. 
 
 The course is finish'd which thy fates decreed, 
 And thou from thy corporcui poison freed. Dryd. F. 
 
 Fix thv rorporeul and internal eye 
 On the young gnat, or new engelider'd fly. Prior. 
 
 2. It is used by Swift inaccurately for 
 corpora/. 
 
 I am not in a condition to make a true step 
 even on Aiiusbury Downs ; and I declare, that a 
 corporeal false step is worse than a political one. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Corpore'ity. n. s. [from corporeu.i, Lat] 
 Materiality ; the quality of being em- 
 bodied ; the state of having a body ; 
 bodiliness. 
 
 Since philosophy affirmeth, that we are middle 
 substances between the soul and the body, they 
 must adiuit of some corporeity, which supposetli 
 weight or gravity. Brown. 
 
 It is tiic saying of divine Plato, that man is 
 nature's horizon, dividing betwixt the upper he- 
 misphere of immaterial intellects, and this lower 
 oi corporeity. Glanrilte's Scepsis. 
 
 The one' attributed coi-poreity to God, and the 
 other shape and figure. StiUingJieet. 
 
 Corporifica'tion. n.s. [from corpo- 
 rify.'\ The act of giving body or pal- 
 pability. 
 To Corpo'rify. t). a. \froracorptis, Lat.] 
 To embody; to inspissate into body. 
 Not used. 
 
 A certain spirituous substance, extracted out of 
 it, is mistaken for the spirit of the world corpori- 
 Jied. Boyle. 
 
 Corps. > , r- t .i 
 
 Corpse. / "" *" l'^'"'P^> ^^'- corpus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A body. 
 
 That lewd ribauld 
 Laid first his filthy hands on virgin cleene. 
 To spoil her dainty corse, so fair and sheene. 
 Of chastity and honour virginal. Spenser. 
 
 2. A body, in contempt. 
 
 Though [ilenteous, all too little seems 
 To stuff this man, this vast unliidc-bound corps. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 He looks as man was made, with face erect. 
 That scums his brittle corps, and seems ashain'd 
 He's not all spirit. Vrydcn's Don Sebastian. 
 
 3. A carcase ; a dead body ; a corse. 
 
 Not a friend 
 
 Greet my poor corps, where my bones shall be 
 
 thrown. Shakcsp. 
 
 There was the murder'd corps in covert laid. 
 
 And violent death in thousand sha|>es display'd. 
 
 Drydens Fuides. 
 
 See where the corps of thy dead soti approaches. 
 
 Addison. 
 The corpse was laid out upon the floor by the 
 emperor's command : he then bid every one light 
 his flambeau, and stand about the deati body. 
 
 Addistm^s Gnartiian. 
 
 4. The body, in opposition to the soul. 
 
 Cold numbness streight bereaves 
 Her corps of sense, and th' air her soul receives. 
 
 Denltam. 
 
 5. A body of forces. 
 
 COR 
 
 CORPULENCY. }"•*• ['"^P^l^"''"' Lat.] 
 I. litilkiness of body ; flesliiness ; fulness 
 of flesh. 
 
 'I'o what a cuiubcrsonie tniwieldiness. 
 And burdeuous corpulence, my love had grown. 
 
 Donne. 
 It is but one species of corjmlency ; for there 
 may be bulk without fat, from the great »]uaniily 
 of uiuscular flesh, the case of robust pe(»ple. 
 
 Arhutlt. on Alim. 
 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter. 
 
 The musculous flesh serves for the vibration of 
 the tail ; the heaviness and corpulency of the water 
 requiring a great force to divide it. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 Co'rpulent. adj. [corpuh'iitiis, Lat.] 
 Fleshy ; bulky ; having great bodily 
 bulk. 
 
 We say it is a fleshy stile, when there is much 
 peri[)hrasis, and circuit of words ; and w hen, with 
 more than enough, it grows fat and corpulent. 
 
 Ben Jonsons Discoveries. 
 
 Excess of nourishment is hurtful ; for it inaketh 
 
 the child coipulent, and growing in breadth rather 
 
 than in height. Bacon. 
 
 CO'RPUSCLE. n. s. [corpusndum, Lat.] 
 A small body ; a particle of matter ; an 
 atom ; a little fragment. 
 
 It will add much to our satisfaction, if those 
 corpuscles can be discovered with microscopes. 
 
 Newton s Opticks. 
 
 Who knows what are the figures of the little 
 
 corjmscles that compose and distinguish dill'erent 
 
 bodies ? iTuHs's Logick. 
 
 Corpu'scular. 1 adj. [from corpus- 
 Coepuscula'rian. j culum, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to bodies ; comprising bodies. It 
 is the distinguishing epithet of that phi- 
 losophy, which attempts the rational 
 solution of all physical appearances by 
 the action of one body upon another. 
 
 As to natural philosophy, I do not expect to see 
 
 any nrinciples proposed, more comprehensive and 
 
 intelligible than the corpuscuUtriwi or mechanical. 
 
 ■ _ _ Boyle. 
 
 This may be said, that the modern corpusciila- 
 
 rians talk, in most things, more intelligibly than 
 
 the peripaleticks. Bentlei/. 
 
 The mechanical or corpuscular philosophy, 
 
 though peradventure the eldest, as well as the 
 
 best in tne world, had lain dead for many ages in 
 
 contemiit and oblivion. ' Bentlcy. 
 
 CoRRACLE. See Coracle. 
 
 To Corra'de. v. a. [corrado, Lat.] To 
 rub off; to wear away by frequent rub- 
 bing ; to scrape together. 
 
 Corradia'tion. 11. s. [con and radius, 
 Lat.] A conjunction of rays in one 
 point. 
 
 The impression of colour worketh not but by a 
 cone of direct beams, or right lines, whereof the 
 basis is in the object, and the vertical point in the 
 eye ; so as there ts a corradlation. and conjunction 
 of beams. Bacon's \al. Hist. 
 
 To CORRE'CT. v. a. [corri";o, cornctum, 
 
 Lat.] 
 I. To punish; to chastise; to discipline. 
 
 Sad accidents, and a slate of affliction, is a 
 
 school of virtue ; it corrects levity, and interrupts 
 
 the conridence of sinning. Taylor. 
 
 After he has oiice been corrected for a lye, "you 
 
 must be sure never after to i>ardou it in him. 
 
 Locke on Education. 
 Children being to be restrained by the parents 
 only ill vicious things, a look or nod only ought 
 to correct tliem when they do amiss. 
 
 Locke on Education. 
 '2. To amend ; to take away faults in writ- 
 ings, life, or things. 
 
 COR 
 
 This is a defect in tlic first make of some meu't 
 minds, which can scarce ever be corrected after- 
 wards, cither by leanitngor age. 
 
 Bumet'i Theory, Pref. 
 
 Correcting Nature, frora what actually she is in 
 individuals, to what she ought to be, and what 
 she was created. Dryden. 
 
 I writ, because it amused me ; I corrected, be- 
 cause it was as pleasant to me to correct as to 
 write. Pope's Preface. 
 
 'I'lie mind may cool, and be at leisure to attend 
 to its domestick concern : to consider what habit 
 wants to be corrected, and what inclination to be 
 subdued. Ro'cru 
 
 3. To obviate the qualities of one ingre- 
 dient by another, or by any metliod of 
 preparation. 
 
 O happy mixture! wherein things contrary do 
 so qualify and dfrrect tlie one the danger of the 
 other's excess, that neither bol.-lness can make us 
 presume, as long as we are kept under with the 
 sense of our own wretchedness ; nor, while w-e 
 trust in the mercy of God through Christ Jesus, 
 fear be able to tyrannize over us. Hooker. 
 
 As, in habitual gout or stone, 
 The only thing that cai\ be done. 
 Is to correct your drink and diet. 
 And keep the inward foe in quiet. Prior, 
 In cases of acidity, water is the proper drink : 
 its quality of relaxing may be corrected by boiling 
 it with some animal substances ; as ivory "or harts- 
 horn. Arbuthrwt on Alimtnlt. 
 
 4. To remark faults. 
 
 Corre'ct. adj. [corrcctui, Lat.] Revised 
 or finished with exactness ; free from 
 faults. 
 
 What verse can do, he has perform'd in this. 
 Which he presumes the most correct of his. 
 
 Dryden' s Aur. Prol. 
 
 Always use the most correct editions: various 
 
 readings will be only troublesome where the sense 
 
 is complete. Fetton. 
 
 Corre'ction. n. s. [from con-ect."] 
 
 1. Punishment; discipline; chastisement; 
 
 penalty. 
 
 Wilt thou, pupil like 
 Take thy correction mildly, kiss the rod ? 
 
 Shakcsp. liich. II. 
 An oflensive wife. 
 That hath enrag'd him on to offer strokes. 
 As he is striking, holds his infant up. 
 And hangs resolv'd coirection in the arm 
 That was uprear'd to execution. 
 
 Shaki^. Hairy IV. 
 We are all but children here under the great 
 master of the family ; and he is pleased, by hopes 
 and fears, by mercies and corrcctiuiu, to mstruct 
 us in virtue. Watts. 
 
 One fault was too great lenity to her servants, 
 to whom she gave good counsel, but too gentle 
 coi-rcction. Arbuthnot. 
 
 '2. Alteration to a better state ; the act of 
 taking away faults ; amentbneiit. 
 
 Another poet, in another age, may lake the 
 same liberty with niv w-ritings f if, at 'least, ihev 
 live long enough to deserve correction. 
 
 Drydcn's Fables, Preface. 
 ;?. That which is substituted in the place 
 of any thing \vrong. 
 
 CoiTi rti.i.-is or improvements should be adjoined, 
 by way of note or counuentarv, in their proper 
 places. " Wtttti. 
 
 4. Reprehension ; animadversion. 
 
 I'hoy proceed with judgment and ingenuitv, 
 establishing their assertions not only with gro'at 
 solidity, but siibnntting them also unto the correc- 
 tion of future discovery. Brtiira. 
 
 5. Abatement of noxious qualities, by the 
 addition of something cotitrarv. 
 
 To make ambitious, wholesome, do not take 
 .V dram of country's dulne^s ; do not add 
 Corrections, but as'chy mists purge llie bad. Doitne. 
 
 415
 
 COR 
 
 Corre'ctioner. n.s. [irom coryecfion.] 
 One that has been in the house of cor- 
 rection; a jail-bird. This seems to be 
 the meaning in Skakoipeare. 
 
 I will have >,oii soundly swinged for this, you 
 
 blue-bottle rogue ! yi-u (ilthy fuinished C(jrrtr(io7(rr/ 
 
 iShakesp. Hairy 1\'. 
 
 Corre'ctive. adj, [from correct.'\ Hav- 
 ing the power to alter or obviate any 
 bad qualities. 
 
 Mulberries arc pectoral, corrective of bilious 
 alkali. 
 
 AYhuiliiwt. 
 
 Corrective, n.s. 
 
 1. That which has the power of altering 
 or obviating any thing amiss. 
 
 The hair, wool, feathers, and scales, wlilcli all 
 aHiinals of prey do swallow, are a seasonable and 
 necessary con-ectwe, to prevent their greediness 
 from filling themselves with too succulent a food. 
 Hay on the Crcatiin. 
 Humanly speaking, and according to the me- 
 thod ot tlie world, and tiie little ctfrrectlves suji- 
 plled by art and discipline, it seldom fails but uii 
 lit principle has its course, and nature makes good 
 its blow. 
 
 Suuth's Sermons. 
 
 2*. Limitation; restriction. 
 
 There seems to be sucli an instance in the regi- 
 ment which the human soul exerciseih in relation 
 to the body, that, wiiii ctrtain correclivcs and 
 exceptions, may give some kind of ex|jiication or 
 adumbration thereof. 
 
 little's Orv^in of Mankind. 
 
 Corre'ctly. adv. [from conrcf.] Accu- 
 rately ; exactl}'- ; without fluilts. 
 
 There are ladies, without knowing what tenses 
 and participles, adverbs and prepositious are, 
 apeak as properly and as correcilii as most gentle- 
 men who have been bred up in the ordinary ine- 
 tliods of grammar schools. Locke on Educalion. 
 
 Sucli la^'s as neither ebb nur How, 
 Correctly cold, and regularly low. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 Corre'ctness. 72, s. [from co7'rcc!.] Ac- 
 curacy ; exactness ; freedom from faults. 
 
 Too ranch labour often takes away the spirit, 
 by adding to the nnlishing ; so that there remains 
 nothing but a dull correctness, a piece wittiout any 
 considerable faults, but with few beauties. 
 
 Drydens Ditfresnoy. 
 The softness of the flesh, the delicacy of the 
 shape, air, and posture, and tlie correctness of de- 
 sign, in this statue, are iuexpressible. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 Late, very late, correctness grew our care. 
 When the tir'd nation breath'd from civil war. 
 
 Pope. 
 Those pieces have never before been printed 
 from the true copies, or with any tolerable degree 
 of correctness. 
 
 Swift. 
 Corue'ctor. 71. s. [from €07'rect.'] 
 
 1. He that amends, or alters, by punish- 
 ment or animadversion. 
 
 How many does zeal urge rather to do justice 
 on some sins, than to forbear all sin ! How many 
 rather to be correctors than practisers of religion. 
 Spratt's Sermons. 
 
 With ail his faults, he sets up to be an universal 
 reformer and correctm- of abuses, and a remover of 
 grievances. Swift. 
 
 2. He that revises any thing to free it 
 from faults ; as the corrector of the 
 press, that amends the errours com- 
 mitted in printing. 
 
 I remember a person, who, by his stjle and 
 literature, seems to have been the correctcrr of a 
 hedge press in Little-Britain, proceeding gra- 
 duafly to an author. Sxvft. 
 
 S. lu medicine. 
 
 COR 
 
 Such an ingredient in a composition, as guards 
 against or abates the force of another; as the 
 lixivial salts prevent the grievous veliications of 
 resinous purges, by dividing tlieir particles, and 
 preventing their adhesion to the intestinal mem- 
 branes i and as s|)ices and carminative seeds assist 
 the operation of some catharlicks, by dissipating 
 wind. In making a medicine, sucli a thing is 
 called a corrector^ which destroys or diminishes a 
 qualify that could not otherwise be dispensed 
 with ; ihusturpentines are corrfcitn-sof quicksilver, 
 by destroying its lluxility, and making it capable 
 of mixture. Quijicy. 
 
 To CO'RRELATE. v. n. [from co7i and 
 7'elatusj Lat.] To liave a reciprocal re- 
 lation, as father and son. 
 
 Co'krklate. w. .9. One that stands in 
 the opposite relation. 
 
 It is one thing fur a father to cease to be a fa- 
 ther, by casting oli his son ; and another for him 
 to cease to he so, by the death of his sun : in this 
 the relation is at an end for want of a correlate. 
 
 South. 
 
 Corre'lative. adj. [con and relatmts, 
 Lat.] Having a reciprocal relation, so 
 that the existence of one in a particular 
 state depends upon the existence of 
 another. 
 
 Father and son, husband and wife, and such 
 other correlative terms, seem nearly to belong one 
 to another. South. 
 
 Giving is a relative action, and so requires a 
 cmreUtiive to answer it : giving, on one part, trans- 
 fers no property, unless there be an accepting on 
 the other. South. 
 
 Corre'lativeness. 71. s. [from corrf/rt- 
 tive.] The state of being correlative. 
 
 Cokre'ption. n. s. [corrlpioj co^-reptunij 
 Lat.] Objurgation; chiding; reprehen- 
 sion ; reproof. 
 
 If we must be talking of other people's faults, 
 let it not be to defame, but to amend them, by 
 converting our detraction into admonition and 
 fiaternal correption. Goiernmcnt nf the Tongue. 
 
 To CORRESPOND. v.?i, [con and re- 
 spondeo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To suit; to answer; to be proportion- 
 ate; to be adequate to; to be adapted 
 to; to fit. 
 
 The days, if one be compared with anotiier suc- 
 cessively throughout the year, are found not to 
 be equal, and will not justly correspond with any 
 artificial or mechanical equal measures of lime. 
 
 Holder on Time. 
 
 Words being but empty sounds, au}' farther 
 than they are signs of our ideas, we cannot but 
 assent to them, as they correspond to those ideas 
 we have, but no farther than that. Locke. 
 
 2. To keep up commerce with another by 
 alternate letters. 
 
 Correspo'ndence. 1 n.s. [from co7'' 
 Correspo'ndency. 3 respond] 
 
 1. Relation; reciprocal adaptation of one 
 thing to another. 
 
 Between the law of their heavenly operations, 
 and the actions of men in this our slate of morta- 
 lity, such correspondence there is as maketh it ex- 
 pedient to know in some sort the one, for the 
 other's more perfect direction. Hooker. 
 
 Whate^'e^ we fancy, things keep their cour-je ; 
 and their habitudes, conrspondencics, and relations 
 keep the same to one another. Locke. 
 
 2. Intercourse ; reciprocal intelligence. 
 
 I had discovered those unlawful correspondencies 
 they had used, and engagements they had made 
 to embroil niy kingdoms. King Charles. 
 
 Sure tlie villains bold a correspondence 
 With the Giieaiy, and thus they would betray us. 
 
 Dcnkam, 
 
 COR 
 
 It happens very oddly, that llic pope and I 
 sliould^ have the same tlumght much about the 
 same time: my enemies will be apt to say, that 
 we liold a citrrtsjmidence together, and act by con- 
 cert in this matter. Addison. 
 3. Friendship; interchange of offices or 
 civilities. 
 
 Let such military persons be assured, and well 
 reputed of, rathe'r tlian factious and popular; 
 liolding also pood correspondence with tlie othei 
 great men in the state. Bucon. 
 
 Correspondent, adj. [from corres- 
 pond.] Suitable ; adapted ; agreeable; 
 answerable. 
 
 What good or evil is there under the sun, what 
 action correspondent or repugnant unto the law 
 which God bath imposed upon his creatures, but 
 in or upon it God dotli work, according to the 
 law which himself hath eternally purjiosed to 
 keep. Hooker. 
 
 And as five zones th' etherial regions bind. 
 Five correspondent are to earth assigii'd. 
 
 Dnid. Ovid. 
 
 Correspo'ndent. n.s. One with whom 
 intelligence or commerce is kept up by 
 mutual messages or letters. 
 
 He was jdeased to comniand me to send to him. 
 and receive from hi:n all his letters from and to 
 all his correspondents at home and abroad. 
 
 Denhtvns Dedication. 
 
 Correspo'nsive. adj. [from corres- 
 pond.] Answerable; adapted to any 
 thing. 
 
 Priam's six gates i' th' city, with massy staples. 
 And correspomiee and fulliU'ing bolts, 
 Sperre up the sons of Troy. 
 
 SItuhesp. Triolus and Cressida, 
 
 CORRIDOR, n. s. [I-r.] 
 
 1 . [In fortification.] I'he covert way lying 
 round the whole compass of the fortifi- 
 cations of a place. 
 
 2. [In architecture.] A gallery or long isle 
 round about a building, leading to se- 
 veral chambers at a distance from each 
 other. Harris. 
 
 There is something very noble in the amphi- 
 theatre, though the high wall and corridors that 
 went round it are almost iutirely ruined. 
 
 Addison on Italy, 
 
 Co'rrigible. adj. [from corrigo, Lat.] 
 
 1. That which may be altered or amended. 
 
 2. He who is a proper object of punish- 
 ment ; punishable. 
 
 He was taken up very short, and adjudged cor- 
 rigible for such presumjituous language. 
 
 Bowel's Vocal Fcrest. 
 
 3. Corrective ; having the power to cor- 
 rect. Not proper, nor used. 
 
 Our bodies are our gardens, to the which on? 
 wills are gardeners ; so that, if we will either have 
 it steril wiih idleness, or manured with industry, 
 the power and conigible authority of this lies in 
 our will. 'Shakesp. Othello, 
 
 CouRi'vAL. n.s. [con and rival,] Rival; 
 competitor. 
 
 Tliey had governours commonly out of the two 
 faaiilies of the Geraldines and Butlers, both ad- 
 versaries and corrioals or.e against the other. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 He, that doth redeem her thence, might wear 
 Without corrival all her dignities. Shak. H. IV. 
 
 CoRRi'vALRY. n. s. [from corrival.l 
 
 Competition ; opposition. 
 Corroborant, adj. [from corrohoratti] 
 
 Having the power to give strength. 
 
 There be divers sorts of bracelets fit to comfort 
 the spirits ; and they be of three intentions, refri- 
 gerant, corrobora7it, and aperient. 
 
 fiacon's Nat. Hiit. 
 
 416
 
 COR 
 
 To C0RR0T30RATE. v. a. [con and vo- 
 bflro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To confirm ; to establish. 
 
 Macliiavil npll notelli, tliuuKli in an ill-favoured 
 iDstaiicf, tlicrc is nu trusling to the furcc of na- 
 ture, nor to tlie bravery of words, except it be cor- 
 roborate bv eustom. Bacon. 
 
 2. To stretifrthen ; to make stronjx. 
 
 To f irlit V innjjiiKition llicre be three ways ; ''le 
 
 authority. wliL-nce the b' lief is derived, means lo 
 
 quicken and corroborate llie imagination, and 
 
 , means to repetii it and refresh it. Kacon. 
 
 It was said lliat Ihe prince himself had, by the 
 ^eht of foreign courts, and observations on the 
 dilferent natures of people, and rules of i;overn- 
 aieiit, much excited and awaked his spirits, and 
 eorrehoratcd hisju<lginent. Wotton. 
 
 As anv limb well and duly exercised grows 
 
 • «tronger," the nerves of tlie body are corrohoruted 
 
 thereby. "'<""• 
 
 Cokrobora'tion. n. s. [from corrnbo- 
 rate.] The act of strengtliening or con- 
 firminjf; confirmation by some addi- 
 tional securit}'; addition of strength. 
 
 The lady berfelf procured a bull, for the better 
 Cffrrohoration of tlie marriage. Bacons Henry Xll. 
 Corro'bor.\tive. adj. [from corrobo- 
 rate. ] Having the power of increasing 
 strength. 
 
 In the cure of an ulcer, with a moist intem- 
 perics, as the hoart is weakened by too much hu- 
 midity, you are to mix corroboratives (.f an astrin- 
 eent faculty ; and the ulcer also rcquireth to be 
 3ricd. M'mimnis Snrgerij. 
 
 To CORRO'DE. v.a. [corrodo, Lat.] To 
 eat away by degrees, as a menstruum ; 
 to prey upon ; to consume 5 to wear 
 away gradually. 
 
 Statesmen luirge vice with vice, and may corrode 
 The bail with bad, a s[)idcr with a toad ; 
 For so ill thralls not them, but they tame ill. 
 And make her do much good against her will. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 We know that aqua-forris corroding copper, 
 which is it that gives the colour to verdigrease, is 
 wont to reduce it to a green-blue solution. 
 
 Boyle on Colours. 
 
 The nature of mankind, left to itself, wijuld 
 soon have fallen into dissolution, without the in- 
 cessant and corroding invasions of so long a time. 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 Hannibal the Pyrcncans past. 
 And bteepy Alps, the mounds that nature cast ; 
 And with C()n-ot/(»o- juices, as he went, 
 A passage through the livhig rock he rent. 
 
 Drtjden's Juvenal. 
 
 Fishes, which neither chew their meat, nnr 
 grind it in their stomachs, do by a dissolvent li- 
 quor there provided, corrode and reduce it into a 
 chylus. Hay on the Creation. 
 
 'J"he blood turning acrimonious, coirodes the 
 vessels, producing almost all the diseases of the 
 inflaunuatory kind. Arbul.hnot. 
 
 Should jealousy its venom once diffuse. 
 Corroding every thought, and blasting all 
 Love's paradise. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 Corrodent, adj. [from cory-ode.] Hav- 
 ing the power of corroding or wasting 
 any thing aw.iy. 
 
 CoRUODiBi'LlTY. n.s. [from corrodible.] 
 The f|uality of being corrosible; pos.si- 
 bility to be consumed by a menstruum. 
 
 Corro'dible. adj. [from corrode.'] Pos- 
 sible to be consumed or corroded. 
 
 Metals, although corrodible by waters, yet will 
 ■ot sutler a liquation from the'powerfullest heat 
 eommunicable unto that element. 
 
 Broivn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Co'RRODY. v.s. [from corrodo, Lat.] A 
 
 defalcation from an allowance or salary, 
 
 COR 
 
 for some other than the orig-inal pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Besides these floating burgesses of the ocean, 
 there are certain lis inp citi/.ens of the air, which 
 prescribe for a cmrm/y therrin. Carcu\ 
 
 In those duvs evt-ii noble per<;nns, and otht-r 
 meaner men. ordered ci'trndUs and pensions lo 
 their cliaplaiiib and servants out of cliurclies. 
 
 CoRRo'siBLE. adj. [from corrode.] Pos- 
 sil>le to be consumed by a menstruum. 
 This ought to be corrodible, 
 
 CoRKo'siCLENESS. Ti. s, [from corrosi- 
 ble.] Susceptiblity of corrosion : rather 
 corrod'tbilifi/. Diet, 
 
 CoRRo'sioN. 71. s. [corrodo, Lat.] The 
 power of eating or wearing away by de- 
 grees. 
 
 CorrnsionH a particular species of dlssoKition (,f 
 bodies, either by an acid (jr a saline nienslruuni. 
 It is almost wholly designed for the resohition of 
 bodies most strongly compacted, as bones and me- 
 tals ; so that the nienstruums here emitlnyed have 
 a considcrahle nrnmcnt or force. These liquors, 
 whether acid or urinous, arc nnthitig but salts dis- 
 solved in a little phlejiui ; therefore the^e heiiit^ 
 solid, and consequently containing a considerable 
 quaniity of matter, do both attract one another 
 more, and are also more aUracted by the particles 
 of tlic body to be dissolved ; so when thr more solid 
 bodies are put into saline men.'truums, the al- 
 tractinn is stronger than in other solutions; and 
 the motion, which is always proportional (o the 
 attraction, is more violent : so that we may easily 
 conceive, wlicn the motion is in such a manner 
 increased, it should drive the salts into the pores 
 of the bodie.s, and open and loosen their cohesim, 
 though ever so lirm. Qumcy. 
 
 A kind of poison workelh eitlier by rorrosum, or 
 by a secret malignity and enmity to nature. 
 
 Bacons Nal. Hbt 
 ThatC'^rrosiim and dissolution of bodies, even the 
 most solid and durable, which is vulgarly ascribed 
 to the air, is caused merely by the actittn of water 
 upon them ; tiic air being so iar from injuring and 
 preying upon the bodies it environs, that it con- 
 tributes to tlieir security and preservation. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 CoRRO'siVE. adj. [from corrodo, Lat. It 
 was anciently pronounced with the ac- 
 cent on the first syllable, now indiffer- 
 ently.] 
 
 1. Having the power of consuming or 
 wearing away. 
 
 Gold, after it has been divided hy corrosive li- 
 quors into invisible parts, yet may presently be 
 precipitated, so as to appear again in its own form. 
 Grew's Cosmohiria. 
 The sacred sons of vengeance, on whose course 
 Corrosive famine waits, and kills the year. 
 
 Thomson's Spring. 
 
 2. Ilavini: the quality to fret or vex. 
 
 If the mainlenanee of ceremonies be a corrosive 
 to such as oppugn tiicm, undoubtedly to such as 
 maintain them it can be no great j)leasiire, when 
 they behold that which they reverence is op- 
 pugned. Hooker. 
 
 CoKRo'sivE. n.s. 
 
 I. That which has the quality of wasting 
 any thing away, as the flesh of an ulcer. 
 
 He meant his corrosives to ai)ply, 
 And with strict diet tame his siubb'urn malady. 
 
 Faint Queen. 
 *2. That which Iins the power of fretting, 
 or of giving pain. 
 
 Such speeches favour not of God in him that 
 uselli them, and unto virtuously disposed minds 
 they are grievt>us corrosives. Hooker. 
 
 Away ! though parting be a fretful corrot-iir. 
 It is applied to a deatbl'id wound. 
 
 Shakesp, Henry \ I. 
 
 COR 
 
 Care Is no curt, but rather connthe, 
 Fcr things that are not tc be remedii d. 
 
 Shahctp. Henrti'W. 
 
 CoRRo'siVELY. adv. [from corrotive.} 
 
 1. Like a corrosive. 
 
 At first it tasted somewhat ciyrrosiretu 
 
 Eoytt on Saltpelrt. 
 
 2. With the power of corro.sion. 
 
 CoRRo'siVKNESS. n.t. [from corro*! re] 
 The quality of corroding or eating 
 awiiy ; acrimony. 
 
 W'c do iiifuse, to what he meant fir meat, 
 Corrotimness, or intense cold 1 r heat. Donnt. 
 
 Saltpetre betrays upon the tongu*! no heal nor 
 torros'tvenea at all, but coldness, mixt wiili a some- 
 what languid relish retaining to bitterness. Botilt. 
 
 Co'rrugant. adj. [from corrugate.'] 
 Having the power of contracting into 
 wrinkles. 
 
 To C0'RUUG.\TE. r. a. [corrv^o, Lat.] 
 To wrinkle or purse up, as the skin is 
 drawn into wrinkles by cold, or any 
 other cause. Qw/nr ;/. 
 
 The cramp cnraeth of contractionof sinews: it 
 couieth either by cold or dryness ; for cold and 
 dryness do both of them contract and cnrmt^ie. 
 
 Bacon's jVuf. Hift. 
 
 Corruga'tion. n..i. [from corrngatc] 
 Contraction into wrinkles. 
 
 I'he pain of the solid parts is the comtgatitm or 
 violent agitation of fibres, w'len the s|<irits are ir- 
 ritated by sharp humours. Floijcr outhe Humvurs. 
 
 To COKRU'PT. V. a. [carniiiipo, corrup- 
 tJis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To turn from a sound to a putrescent 
 state ; to infect. 
 
 2. 'I'o deprave; to destroy integiuty; to 
 vitiate ; to bribe. 
 
 I fear lest by any means, as the serpent be- 
 guiled Eve thrmigh his subtilty, so your minds 
 shouhi be corrupted from the simplicity that is in 
 Christ. 2 Corint}iioHS, x'l. J. 
 
 Evil coramunications corrupt good uianners. 
 
 1 tortJithianSt *^. ^. 
 All that haye miscarried 
 By underhand, corrupted^ foul injustice. 
 
 Shakcsp. Bichard IIT, 
 
 T have heard it said, the fittest time tn corrupt 
 a man's wife, is when she's fallen out with her 
 husband. Shakesp. Corioianns. 
 
 But stay, I smell a man of middle earth ; 
 Willi trial fire touch me his fintrer-eud ; 
 It lie be chaste, the tlame will back descend. 
 And turn liiiu to no pain ; but if he start. 
 It is the flesh of a corrupted heart. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of tt'indscr. 
 
 LanguaE^e being the conduit whereby men con- 
 vey their knowlediie, he that makes an ill use of 
 it," thoiish he does not cotrupt the fountains tY 
 knowledge, which are in things, jct he stops tlie 
 pipes. L^ke. 
 
 Hear the black trumpet thro* the world pro- 
 claim. 
 That not to be comipted is the shame. I'i>p*. 
 
 3. To spoil ; to do mischief 
 
 To CoRRi'PT. v.a. To become putrid ; 
 to grow rotten ; to putrefy ; tolosepuritj'. 
 The aptness or propeusion of air or water 10 
 Lornipt or putrefy, no aoubt, is to be found l>efore 
 it break forllr iiito manifest elTccls of diseases, 
 blasting, or tlie like. Bacon. 
 
 CoRRU I'T. adj. [from To cornipl.] 
 
 1. Spoiled ; tainted ; vitiated in its qualities. 
 
 Coarse hoary moulded bread the soldiers thrust 
 upon tlu. points of their spears, railing against 
 i'crdinand, wlio with such corrupt and pestilent 
 bread would feed tlieni. KntUUi. 
 
 2. Unsoiuid ; putrid. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 311 
 
 117
 
 COR 
 
 superfluous fiesli did rot, 
 Aineudim-nt rciul^- Mill at hand did wait, 
 To pluck It out with pincers fiery liot. 
 Thai sDiMi iu liiui was left no cornipt jot. Spensn. 
 3. Villous ; tainted with wickedness ; with- 
 out integrity. 
 
 Let no corrupt coinniunication iiroceed out of 
 your mouth, but that which is good to the use of 
 tdlfyius;. Ephesiam, iv. '2'.). 
 
 Corrupt, corrupt, and tainted in desire. Uliakcsp. 
 These kind of knaves I know, which in this 
 plaiiniess 
 Harhour more craft, and more cniTHpier ends, 
 Thau t« e.nty silky ducking observants. _ 
 
 Shakcsj). King Lear. 
 
 Some, who have been corrupt in their morals, 
 have yet been infinitely solicitous to have their 
 children piously brouglU up. Soutk's Sermons. 
 
 Corrupter, n.s. [(rom corrupt .] He 
 that taints or vitiates ; he that lessens 
 purity or integrity. 
 
 Away, away, corrupters of my faith ! Shakesp. 
 
 Vvtnn the vanity of the Greeks, the coi-ruplcrs 
 
 of all truth, who "without all ground of certainty 
 
 vaunt their antiquity, came the crroiir first of all. 
 
 Raleigh's Hist, of the Worid. 
 
 Those great corrupters of Christianity, anil in- 
 deed of natural religion, the Jesuits. Addison. 
 
 Corruptibility, n. s. [from corrupti- 
 ble.'] Possibility to be corrupted. 
 CoRRU'PTlBLE. adj. {^Yom Corrupt .] 
 
 1. Susceptible of destruction by natural 
 decay, or without violence. 
 
 Our corrnylible bodies could never live the life 
 tliey shall live, were it not that they are joined 
 witK his body which is incorruptible, and that his 
 is in ours as a cause of immortality. Hooker. 
 
 It is a devouring corruption of the essential 
 mixture, which, consisting chiefly of an oily mois- 
 ture, is corruptible through ilissipation. 
 
 Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 The several parts of which the world consists 
 being in their nature corruptible, it is more than 
 prubable, that, in an inliuite duration, this frame 
 of things would long since have been diss<ilved. 
 
 Tillotsou. 
 
 2. Susceptible of external depravation; 
 possible to be tainted or vitiated. 
 
 CoRRu'PTlBLENESS. M.S. [from corrupt i- 
 
 blf.] Susceptibility of corruption. 
 Corruptibly, adv. [from corruptible.] 
 
 In such a manner as to be corrupted, or 
 
 A'itiated. 
 
 It is too lale ; the life of all his blnod 
 
 Is touch'd corruptibly. .S/iii/it,«;). King Lear. 
 
 CoRRu'PTloN. U.S. [rorruplio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The principle by which bodies tend to 
 the separation of their parts. 
 
 2. Wickedn ss ; perversion of principles; 
 loss of integrity. 
 
 Precepts of morality, besides the natural cor- 
 ruption of our tempers", which luakes us averse to 
 them, are so abstracted from ideas of sense, that 
 they seldom get an opportunity fur descriptions 
 and images. Addison on the Geurgicks. 
 
 Amidst corruption, luxury, and rage, 
 Still leave some ancient viitues to our age. Pope. 
 
 3. Putrescence. 
 
 The wise contriver, on his end intent. 
 Careful this fatal errour to prevent. 
 And kiep the waters from corruplion free, 
 Mix'd them with salt, and seasun'd all the sea. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 4. Matter or pus in a sore. 
 
 5. Tlie tendency to a worse state. 
 
 After my death 1 wish no other herald, 
 No other speaker of my living actions. 
 To keeji mine honour from corruption. 
 But such an honest chronicler as Grilhth. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 c: o R 
 
 G. Cause, or means, of depravation. 
 
 The region hath by coiuiucst, and corruption of 
 other languages, received new and tlitVering names. 
 lialtigh's History. 
 All those four kinds oi coi-ruption are very com- 
 mon in their language ; for which reasons the 
 Greek tongue is become much altered. 
 
 Hnrewood on Languages 
 7. [[n law.] An infection growing to a 
 man attainted of felony, or treason, and 
 to liis issue ; for as he loseth all to the 
 prince, or other lord of the fee, so his 
 issue cannot be heir to him, or to any 
 other ancestor, of whom they might have 
 claimed by him ; and if he were noble, 
 or a gentleman, he and his children are 
 made ignoble and imgentle, in respect 
 of the father. Cowell 
 
 Corruptive. «((//. {iroxn corrupt.] Hav- 
 ing tlie quality of tainting or vitiating. 
 
 Carrying a settled habitude unto the corruptive 
 originals. Broivn's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 It should be endued with an acid ferment, or 
 some corruptive quality, for so speedy a dissolu- 
 tion of the meat and preparation of the chyle. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 CoRRu'PTLESS. adj. [from corrupt.] In- 
 susceptible of corruption ; undecaying. 
 
 All around 
 The borders with corruptless myrrh are crown'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 CoRRu'PTLY. adv. [from corrupt.] 
 
 1. With corruption; with taint; with vice; 
 without integrity. 
 
 O that estates, degrees, and offices, 
 VVere not deriv'd corrnptlit! that clear honour 
 Were purchas'd by the merit of the wearer. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 We have dealt very corruptibly against thee and 
 have not kept the commandments. 
 
 Nehemiah, i. 7. 
 
 2. Vitiously; improperly; contrary to 
 purity. 
 
 We have corruptly contracted most names, both 
 of men and places. Camden's Remains. 
 
 CoRRu'PTNESS.M.s. [fromcornfp/.] The 
 
 quality of corruption ; putrescence ; 
 
 vice. 
 CORSAIR, n.s. [Fr.] A pirate; one 
 
 who professes to scour the sea, and seize 
 
 merchants. 
 Corse, n.s. [corps, Fr.] 
 
 1. A body. Not in use. 
 
 For he was strong, and of so mighty corse, 
 jVs ever wielded spear in warlike hand. Spenser. 
 
 2. A dead body ; a carcase : a poetical 
 word. 
 
 That from her body full of filthy sin. 
 He reft her hateful head, without remorse ; 
 A stream of coal-black blood forth gushed from 
 her corse. Spenser. 
 
 Set down the corse ; or, by saint Paul, 
 I'll make a corse of him that disobeys. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 What may this mean? 
 That thon, dead corse, again in complete steel 
 Revisit'st thus the glyiupses of the moon, 
 IMaking night hideous? Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Here lay him down, my friends. 
 Full in ray sight, that I may view at leisure 
 I'he bloody corse, and count those glorious wounds. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Co'r.selet. 71. s. [corscht, Fr.] A liglit 
 armour for the forep;'-i t of the body. 
 
 Some shirts of maile, some coats of plate put on. 
 Some don'd a cuirace, some a corslet bright. Fairf'. 
 They lash, they fuin, they pass, they strive to 
 bore 
 Their corslets, and their thinnest parts explore. 
 
 Drydm. 
 
 COS 
 
 But heroes, who o'crconie or die. 
 Have their lieart.5 h.iiig cxiremelv high; 
 The strings of which, hi hattlc'sheat. 
 Against tncir very corsleti beat. Prior, 
 
 CORTICAL, adj, [cortege, bark, Lat.] 
 Barky; belonging to the outer part; be- 
 longing to the rind; outward. 
 
 Tlieir IulU extremities form a little gland (all 
 tlicse little glaiuls tugetlier make the cortical part 
 of the braini) terminating in two little vessels. 
 
 Cheipie s Philosophical Principles. 
 Co'rticated. adj. [from coriicaiuSi Lat.] 
 Resembling the bark of a tree. 
 
 This animal is a kind of lizard, a quadruped 
 corticated and depilous ; that is, without wool, fur, 
 or hair. Brown* 
 
 Co'rticose. adj, [from corticosus, Lat.] 
 Full of bark. Diet. 
 
 CoRVETTO. 71. s. The curvet. 
 
 You must draw the horse in his career 'with Ws 
 
 manage, and turn, doing tiie corretio and leaping. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing, 
 
 CORU'SCANT. adj. [corusco, Lat.] Glit- 
 tering by flashes ; flashing. 
 
 Corusca'tion. n. s. [coruscatio, Lat.] 
 Flash ; quick vibration of light. 
 
 We see that lightnings and coruscations, which 
 are near at hand, yield no sound. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 We may learn that sulphureous steams abomul 
 in the bowels of the earth, and ferment with mi- 
 nerals, and sometimes take fire with a sudden co- 
 ntscation and explosion. Newton's Optichs. 
 
 How heat and moisture mingle in a mass. 
 Or belch in thunder, or in lightning blaze ; 
 Why nimble coruscations strike the eye. 
 And bold tornados bluster in the sky. 
 
 Garth's Dispensatrrry. 
 
 Coey'mbiated. adj. [corymbus, Lat.] 
 Garnished with branches of berries. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Coeymbi'ferous. adj. [from corymbua 
 and/tro, Lat.] Bearing fruit or bep- 
 ries in bunches. 
 
 CornmhiJ'erous plants are distinguished into such 
 as have a radiate flower, as the sun-flower ; and 
 such as have a naked flower, as the hemp-agri- 
 mony, and nuigwnrt: to which are addeu those 
 a-kin hereunto, such as scabious, teasel, Ihistte, 
 and the like. Qtiincj;. 
 
 CORY M BUS n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 Amongst the ancient botanists, it was used to 
 express the bunches or clusters of berries of ivy ; 
 amongst modern botanists, it is used for a com- 
 pounded discous flower, whose seeds are not pap» 
 pous, or do not fly away in down ; such are the 
 flowers of daisies, and common marygold. Quincy. 
 
 Cosci'nomancy. n.s. [from xco-xUct a 
 sieve, and |Lia>T£ia divination.] The art 
 of divination by means of a sieve. A 
 very ancient practice, mentioned by 
 Theocritus, and still used in some parts 
 of England, to find out persons unknown. 
 
 ChambiTS. 
 
 Cose'cant. n.s. [In geometry.] The 
 secant of an arch, which is the comple- 
 ment of another to ninety degrees. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Co'sHERiNG. n. s. [Irish.] 
 
 Coshcrings were visitations and progresses made 
 by the lord and his followers among his tenants; 
 wherein he did cat them (as the English proverb 
 is) out of house and home. Davie*. 
 
 Co'siER. n s. [from causer, old Fr. to 
 sew.] A botcher. Hammer. 
 
 Do you make an alehouse of my lady's house, 
 that ye scpicak nut your cosier catches, without 
 any mitigation or remorse of voice ? 
 
 Shakesp Twefih \1ghh 
 
 418
 
 COS 
 
 Co'siNE. n. s. [In geometry.] The rifrht 
 sine of an arch, which is the conijile- 
 ment of another to ninety dcfrrees Harris. 
 
 CoSMKTiCK. 0(1 j. [xoo-/xt)TtKo?.] Having 
 the power of improving beauty ; beau- 
 tify in f^. 
 
 No better cosmet'icks than a severe temperance 
 and purity, modesty and hnniility, a gracious 
 temper and calmness of spirit ; no true beauty 
 without the signatures of tliese graces in the very 
 couTitenancc. liax} on the Creaiinn. 
 
 First rob'd in white, the nymph intent afinres, 
 With head tnicovcr'd, the cosniclick [>ow'rs. Po/'C. 
 
 CO'SMICAL. ailj. [koV,x©-.] I 
 
 1. Relating to the world. 
 
 2. Rising or setting with the sun; not 
 acronycal. 
 
 The cosmical ascension nf a star we term that, 
 when it aribPth together witli the sun, or in tlie 
 same decree of the cclipticl( wlierein the sun 
 ehidetli. Brown's Vulg. Krr. 
 
 Co'sMlCALLY.«</w. [from cosmical.] With 
 the sun ; not acronycally. 
 
 From the rising of this star, not ciismicallii, that 
 is, witii the sun, but lieliacully, that is, its emer- 
 sion from tlic rays of the sun, tlie ancients com- 
 puted tiieir canicular days. Brown. 
 CoSMO'gONY. n.S. [xoa-j^®' and yon;.] 
 The rise or birth of the world ; the cre- 
 ation. 
 Cosmo'grapher. n. s. [xoo-/i©-and y^a(pu.] 
 One who writes a description of tlie 
 world ; distinct from geographer, who 
 describes the situation of particular 
 countries. 
 
 The ancient cos/Bfig-i'ap/iCT's do place the division 
 of the east and western hcmisiihere, that is, the 
 first term of longitude, in the Canary or ]?ortunate 
 'lands, conceiving these parts the extreniest lia- 
 
 COS 
 
 1. The price of any thing. 
 
 2. Sumptuousness ; luxury. 
 
 bitatiojis westw ard. ' Brown's Vnlg. Erron. _. 
 
 Cosmogka'phical. adj. [from cosmo- 
 grap/ii/.] Relating to the general de- 
 scription of the World. 
 
 CosMOGRA'pHicALLY. adv. [from cos- 
 mogruphical.] In a manner relating to 
 the science by which the structure of 
 the world is discovered and described. 
 
 The terrella, or splierical magnet, cosmagraphi- 
 calli/ set out with circles of the t'lohc. 
 
 _„ iirnwn's Tulg. Err. 
 
 COSMOGRAPHY, n. s. [«V;hSv and 
 
 yfaipu.] The science of the general 
 system or affections of the world: dis- 
 tinct from geography, which delivers 
 the situation and boundaries of particu- 
 lar countries. 
 
 Here it might see the world without travel • it 
 bemg a lesser scheme of the creation, nature con- 
 tracted, a little cosmography, or map of tlie uni- 
 
 r,""""^' . . So,nh. 
 
 COSMOI'O LiTAN. 1 n. s. [xoV,!*®- and 
 
 CosMo'poLiTE. / to^It^;.] A citi- 
 zen of the world ; one who is at home in 
 every place. 
 
 Cosset, n. s. A lamb brought up with- 
 out the dam. 
 . , If 'I'oii wilt bewail my woeful teen, 
 
 r'na^ ^'""^ ^°"''' ^^f^'for "ly pain. Spens. 
 
 CO.> I. ti.s. [kosf. But. As this word is 
 found m the remotest Teutonick dia- 
 lects, even in the Islandick, it is not 
 probably derived to us from the Latin 
 cousto ; though it is not unlikely that 
 the French cousUr comes from the 
 Latin.] 
 
 riie city woinaii hears 
 The cart of princes on u'nworliiy shoulders. S)iuk 
 
 l^t foreign princes vainly bltast 
 The rude ejiects of pri<ic and cost 
 Of vaster fahricks, to which they 
 Contribute nothing but the jiay. ^Vallcr. 
 
 . Charge; expeiice. 
 
 While he found Ids daughter maintained with- 
 out his cost, he was content to be deaf to any 
 noise of infamy. S'ulnei/. 
 
 I shall never hold that man my friend, 
 Whose tongue shall ask nic for one fiennv cost 
 To ransom home revolted Mortimer. Shiilu H IV. 
 Have we eaten at all of the king's cost? or lialh 
 he given us any gift > ^'Samuel, xix. 4g. 
 
 And wilt tlicMi, cruel boast! 
 Put poor nature to such cost? 
 O ! 'twill undo our common motlier. 
 To be at charge of such anolber. Croshaw 
 
 It is strange to sec any ecclesiastical pile, not 
 by ecclesiastical cast and iliiluence, rising above 
 grounri ; especially in an age in wliicli men's 
 mouths are open against the church, luit their 
 hands shut towards it. Soulh's Sermons. 
 
 He whose lale is best, and pleases nio^t. 
 Should win his supper at our commi-n cost. 
 
 Driiden's FnhU's. 
 
 Fourteen thousand pounds are paid by Wood 
 
 for tlie purchase of his patent: what were his 
 
 other visible ces(s, I know not ; what his latent, is 
 
 variously ccinjecfurcd. i'"y't. 
 
 4. Loss; fine; detriinent. 
 
 What they liad fcuidly wished, proved after- 
 wards to their costs over true. 
 
 Knoilcs's HLit of the Turks. 
 
 To Cost. r. v. pret. cnst ; participle cost, 
 [cotisfir, Fr.] To be bought for; to be 
 had at a price. 
 
 The daL'gcr and poison are always in readiness ; 
 but to bring ihe action to extremi'ty, anil then re- 
 cover all, will require the art of a writer, ;,nd cost 
 him many a pang. Dniilen. 
 
 Co'sTAi'. d,[cvsta, Latarih.] BelonJiing 
 to the ribs. 
 
 Hereby are excluded all cetaceous and carlila- 
 giiiims fishes ; many pectinal, whose ribs are rec- 
 tilineal; and many" costa/, which have their ribs 
 embowed. Brown's Vntg. Eir. 
 
 Costard, k. s. [from costei; a head.] 
 
 1. A head. 
 
 Take him over Ihe costard with the belt of ihv 
 sword. Shakesp. llUhord lit. 
 
 2. An apple round and bulky like the 
 head. 
 
 -Many country vicars are driven to shifts ; and 
 if our greedy patrons hold us to such conditions, 
 they will make us turn costurd mongers, graziers, 
 <"■ sell ale. Kurlon on Mchmclwlii. 
 
 CO'STIVE. adj. [const iputiis, Lat. con- 
 stipe, Fr ] 
 
 1. Round in the body; having the excre- 
 tions obstructed. 
 
 When the passage of the gall becomes obstruct- 
 ed the body grows Ci>stive, and the excrements of 
 the belly white. Brown. 
 
 While faster than his costive brain indites, 
 Philo's quick hand in flowing letters writes ; 
 His case apj^ears to me like iuuiest Teague's. 
 When ho Mas run away with by his legs. Prior. 
 
 2. Close; unpermeable. 
 
 Clay ill dry seasons is costire, hardening with 
 the siili and wind, till unlocked by industry, so as 
 to admit of the air ami heavenlv influences'. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Co'sTlVENESS. n..?. [from f OS/ i re.] The 
 state of the body in whicli excretion is 
 obstructed. 
 
 Vostioeness disperses maMgn putrid finnes out of 
 the guts and mesentery into all parts of the bodv, 
 occasioning head-aches, fevers, loss of appetite, 
 and riisturBancu of concoctiuiii Ilarcc}/', 
 
 COT 
 
 Costiteness has ill efVects, and is hard to lie dealt 
 ■with by physick; purging medicines rather in- 
 creasing than removing the evil. Ijtch an Ftln. 
 
 Co'sTLiNES.s. n.* [i'lomcoitli/.] Suinj)- 
 tuou.sne>s ; expensiveness. 
 
 ■Jhougli not with cnrioii> cmilincu, vel with 
 cleanly sufliciency, it entertained me. " Sidnry. 
 Nor have the frngallersonsof fortune any reason 
 to object the costlincu ; since they freqininly pay 
 dearer for less advantageous pleasures. CLin'.Scep. 
 Co'STLY. o(//. [from c«.v/.] Sumptuou.'i; 
 expensive; of a high price. 
 
 Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. 
 But not exprest in fancy ; rich, not gaurly ; 
 For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Sli'ak. Ham. 
 
 I>eave for a while thy costly couiitrjr-seat ; 
 And, to be great indeed, f. rget 
 The nauseous pleasures of tlie great. Drydcn. 
 
 '1 he chapel of St. Laurence will be perha|>s the 
 most costly piece of work on the earth, when eom- 
 rlil'^'d: AddiKn. 
 
 He IS here speaking cf Paradise, wliicli he re- 
 presents as a most charming and delightful place ■ 
 abimndiiig with things not only useful and coiive- 
 iiieiif, but even the 'most rare and valuable, the 
 must costlii and desirable. Uwdwards \at. Hist. 
 CosTMARY. U.S. lcu.itus, Lat.] An herb! 
 Co'sTREL. n.S. [supposed to be derived 
 from coster.] A bottle. Skinner. 
 
 Cot. 1 At the end of the names of places. 
 Cote. > come generally from tlie Sax. 
 Coat. J cor, a cottage. (Hhson. 
 
 COT. n.S. [cor. Sax. ra-^ W.lsh.] A 
 siTiall house; a cottage; a hut; a mean 
 habitation. 
 
 What that usage meant. 
 Which in her coi she daily practiced. Fairy Q. 
 Besides, his cot, his flo'cks, anil bounds of feed. 
 Are now on sale ; and at our sheep cot now. 
 By reason of his absence, there is nothing 
 That you will feed on. Shak. As you like it. 
 
 Hezekiali made himself stalls for all maimer of 
 beasts, and cots fur flocks. 2 Ckroniclc:, xxxii. 'Ji. 
 
 A stately temiile shoots within the skies ; 
 'the crotchets of their cot in cokiinns rise ; 
 The pavement, pi lish'd marble they behold ; 
 'the gates with sculpture grac'il t"lie spi es .and 
 tiles of gold. Drurf. Baucis and Philemon. 
 As .Tove vouclisafd on Ida's lop, 'tis said. 
 At poor Philemon's cot to take a bed. Fenton. 
 
 Cot. n.S. 
 
 •\n abridgment of cotqntan 
 Cota'ngfnt. «.s. [In geometry.] The 
 tangent of an arch which is the comple- 
 ment of another to ninety degrees. 
 
 Harris. 
 To Cote. v. a. This word, which I have 
 found only in Ch:ipm:!n, seems to sig- 
 nify the same as To have behind. To 
 oi'irpass. 
 
 Words her worth had prov'd with deed.-*. 
 
 Had more ground been allow'd the race, and coted 
 
 far his steeds. Cl:api:ian's Iliads 
 
 CoTKMl'ORARY. adj. [con ami (cnipus, 
 Lat.] Living at the same time; coeta- 
 neons ; contemporary. 
 
 What would not, to a rational man, colempd- 
 rar^ with the first voucher, have appealed prol>3« 
 bic, is n.iw used ascertain, because several have 
 since, from him, said it one afler another. Lxlt*. 
 
 Gotland, n.s. [cot and land.] Land 
 
 appendant to a cottage. 
 Co'tqueam. n. s. [probably frotn coqiiin, 
 
 Fr.] A man who busies liimself with 
 
 women's affairs. 
 Look to the bak'd meats, good Angelica ; 
 
 Sp.ire not for c-st. 
 
 Uo, go.^you cotquean, go ; 
 
 Get yon to bed. Skakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 .\. statcswoman is as ridiculous a creature as a 
 
 cotqucan ; each ol the sexes shoiUd keep « isliin it« 
 
 bounds. Addison. 
 
 419
 
 c o u 
 
 You have given us a lively picture of husbands 
 hen-pcckecl : but vi)u have never touched upon 
 one (.I'llic (piite di'll'erent character, and who goes 
 by tlic n.une of cotquean. Addisim. 
 
 Co'ttagh. 71. s. [from CO*.] A hut; a 
 mean habitation ; a cot ; a little house. 
 
 The sea ctiasl shall he dwellings and coltages for 
 slicpherds, and folds fortiocks. Zeph. ii. 6. 
 
 Thoy were right glad to take some corner of a 
 
 i)oc/r cultage, and there to serve God upon tiieir 
 LUees. , tlMlier. 
 
 The self-same sun that sliines upon bis court, 
 Hides not his visage from our callage, but 
 Looks iH\ both alike. Skakcsp. Wiiiter's Tale. 
 
 Let the women of nuble birth and great fortunes 
 nurse their children, look to the ati'airs of the 
 liouse, visit poor cottages, and relieve ilicir ne- 
 cessities. Taylor's Holfi Livhii;. 
 
 It is difficult for a peasant, bred up in tlie 
 obscurities of a cottage, to fancy iu his mind I he 
 splendors of a court. South. 
 
 Beneath our humble cottage let us haste, 
 And here, unenvied, rural dainties taste. 
 
 Fope's Odt/ssey. 
 
 Co'ttager. n. s. [fi-om cottage.] 
 
 1. One who lives in a hut or cottage. 
 
 Let us from our farms 
 Call forth our cottagers to arms. Sicift. 
 
 The most ignorant Irish cottager \\\\\ not sell his 
 cow for a groat. SiriJ'l's .Iddress to Parliumcnl. 
 
 2. A cottager, in law, is one that lives on 
 the common, without paying rent, and 
 without any land of his own. 
 
 The husbandmen and plowmen be but as their 
 vifork-fulks and labourers ; or else mere cottagers, 
 which are but housed beggars. Bacons Hen. YII. 
 
 The yeomenry, or middle people, of a condition 
 between gentlemen and cottagers. Bacon's H. VIL 
 
 Co'ttier. n. s. [from cot.] One who 
 inhabits a cot. Diet. 
 
 COTTON. U.S. [named, according to 
 Skinner, from the down that adheres to 
 the mala cotonca, or quince, called by 
 the Italians cotogni; whence cutto7ie, 
 Ital. cottoTi, Fr.] 
 
 1. The down of the cotton-tree. 
 
 The pin ouftht to be as thick as a rowling-pin, 
 and covered with cotton, that its hardness may not 
 be otfensive. Wiseman. 
 
 2. Cloth made of cotton. 
 Co'tton. n. s. A plant. 
 
 The species are, 1. Shrubby cotton. 2. The most 
 excellant American cotton, with a greenish seed. 
 3. Annual shrubby cotton, of the island of Provi- 
 dence. 4. The tree entloii. 5. Tree f o((oh, with a 
 yellow flower. The first sort is cultivated plenti- 
 fully hi Candia, Lemnos, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, 
 and at Naples; as also between Jerusalem and 
 Damascus, from whence the cotton is brought an- 
 nually into these northern parts of Euroi)C. The 
 cotton is the wool which incloses or wraps up the 
 seeds, and is contained in a kind of brown husk, 
 or seed-vessel, growing upon this shrub. It is 
 from this sort that the vast quantities of eoHim are 
 taken, which furnish our parts of the world. The 
 second and third sorts are annual: these are cul- 
 tivated in the West Indies in great plenty. But 
 the fourth and fifth sorts grow in Egypt : these 
 abide many years, and often arrive to be tr»cs of 
 great magn'itude. MUlcr. 
 
 To Cotton, v. n. 
 
 1 . To rise with a knap. 
 
 2. To cement; to unite with: a cant 
 word. 
 
 A (|uarrel will end in one of you being turned 
 off, in which case it will not be easy to cotton with 
 another. Swift. 
 
 To COUCH. J', n. [coucher, Fr.] 
 1. To lie down on a place of repose. 
 
 If I Court more women, you'll couch with more 
 men. Shakesp. 
 
 c o u 
 
 Dof}\ not the gentleman 
 DebtTvc as full, as fortunate a bed. 
 As ever Beatrice shall couch upon ? Shakesp. 
 When love's fair goddess 
 Couch'd with iier husband hi his gulden bed. 
 
 Drydens JE/ncid. 
 
 2. To lie down on the kiiees, as a bciist 
 to rest. 
 
 'I'rees bent their heads to hear him sing his 
 wrongs, 
 Fierce tjgers cmich'd around, and loll'd their 
 fawning tongues. Drydens VtrgU. 
 
 These, when death 
 Comes like a rushing lion, couch like spaniels, 
 With lolling tongues, and tremble at the paw. 
 
 Diydcn. 
 
 3. To lie down in secret, or in ambush. 
 
 U'e'll couch V ill castle-ditch, till we see tlic 
 light of our fairies. Shtik. Merry Wires of Windsor. 
 
 The earl of Angus couched in a furrow, and wa; 
 passed over for dead, until a horse was brouglit 
 lor iiis escape. Hayward. 
 
 4. To lie in a bed, or stratum. 
 
 Blessed of llie Lord be his land, for the dew, 
 and fur the deep that coucheth beneath. 
 
 Dent, xxxiii. 13. 
 
 5. To stoop, or bend down ; to lower in 
 fear, in pain, in respect. 
 
 These cmtc/ii/i/^s, and these lowly curtesies. 
 Might stir the blood of ordinary men. 
 
 Shakesp Julius desar. 
 
 Issachar is a strong ass couching down between 
 two burdens. Genesis, xlix. 14. 
 
 To Couch, v. a, 
 
 1. To repose; to lay on a place of repose. 
 
 Where unbruis'd youth, with unstuft'd brain, 
 Doth couch his limbs, there golden sleep dotli 
 reign. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To lay down any thing in a bed, or 
 
 stratum. 
 
 If the weather be warm, we immediately couch 
 malt about an inch thick ; but if a hotter season 
 require it, we spread it on the floor much thinner. 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 The sea and the land make one globe ; and the 
 waters d'Hc/i themselves, asjclose as may be, to the 
 centre of this globe, in a spherical coiivexity. 
 
 Burnet's Theory of the Earth. 
 
 3. To bed ; to hide in another body. 
 
 It is at this day in use at Gaza, to couch pot- 
 sherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls, togaliier 
 the wind from the top, and to pass it down in 
 spouts into rooms. Bacon s Kut. Hist. 
 
 4. To involve; to include; to comprise. 
 
 But who will call those noble, who deface. 
 By meaner acts, the glories of their race ; 
 Whose only title to their fathers* fame 
 Is couch'd in the dead letters of their name ? 
 
 Dri^deiis Jui^eyjal. 
 
 That great argument for a future state, which 
 St. Paul hath couched in the words 1 have read to 
 you. jitterhury's Sermons. 
 
 5. To include secretly; to hide; with 
 under. 
 
 The foundation of all parables, is some analogy 
 or similitude between the topical or allusive part 
 of the parable, and the i\\ing couched under it, and 
 intended by it. South. 
 
 There is all this, and more, that lies naturally 
 coucjied under this allegory. L'Estran^e. 
 
 The true notion of tlie institution being lost, tiie 
 tradition of the deluge, which vas :ouchfd n7id€r 
 it, was thereupon at length suspended and lost. 
 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 
 6. To lay close to another. 
 
 And over all with brazen scales was arm'd, 
 Like plated coat of steel, so couched near, 
 That nought might pierce. Spenser. 
 
 7. To fix the spear in the rest, in the pos- 
 ture of attack. 
 
 The knight 'gan fairly couch his steady spear, 
 And fiercely ran at him with rigorous might. 5);en. 
 
 Before each van 
 Prick forth the aery kniglits, and couch their spears. 
 Till thickest legions close. Milton's Par. Lost, j 
 
 GOV 
 
 The former wav'd in air 
 His flaming sword ; /Eneas couch'd his s[>eai*. 
 
 Dniden's ^ilneid. 
 
 8. To depress the condensed crystalline 
 hiunoiir or film that overspreads the pu- 
 pil of the eye. This is improperly 
 called couchini^ Ihenfv, fovcotjchhig ifte 
 cuiaravt : with equal impropriety they 
 sometimes speak ofcouchins: the patient. 
 
 Sijnie artist, whuse nice hand 
 C^'icJies the cataracts, and clears hi.s .sight. 
 And ail at i;nce a floud of glorious light 
 Comes rushing on his eyes. Dennis, 
 
 Whetlier the cataract be wasted by being sepa- 
 rated from its vessels, I have never known posi- 
 tively, by dissecting one that liad been cdiic/i^d. 
 
 Shary, 
 Couch, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A seatof repose, on which it is common 
 to lie down dressed. 
 
 So Satan fell ; and straight a fiery globe 
 Of angels un full sail of wing flew nigh, 
 Who on their j lumy vans reccivM him soft 
 From his uneasy station, and upbore. 
 As on a Hoating couch, through the blitlie air. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Regained. 
 To loll on couches rich with citron steds. 
 And lay their guilty limbs in Tyrian beds. 
 
 Driiden's I irgil's Gcoi'gichf, 
 
 ye immortal pow'rs, ihat guard the just. 
 Watch round his couch, and soften his repose ! 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 2. A bed ; a place of repose. 
 
 Let not the royal bed of Denmark be 
 A coucti for luxury and damned incest. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 Dire was the tossing, deep the groans ! despair 
 Tended the sick, busiest from couch to couch. 
 
 Milton's Par, Lost, 
 This gentle knight, inspir'd by jolly May, 
 Forsook liis early couch at early day. Vryd. Fab. 
 
 3. A layer, or stratum. 
 
 This heap is called by raalt.'^tcrs a couch, orhed, 
 of raw malt. Mortimer's ilnsbaiuby. 
 
 Co'uCHANT. adj. [couchant, Fr.j Ly- 
 ing down ; squatting. 
 
 If a lion were the coat of Judnh, 3'et were it not 
 probably a liou rampant, but rather couchant or 
 dormant. Brown, 
 
 As a tiger, who by chance hath spy'd, 
 In some purlieu, two gentle fawns at i>Iav, 
 Straight couches close j then rising, ciianwcs oft 
 His couchant watch. MiUoiis Par, Lost. 
 
 COUCHEE. U.S. [Fr.] Bedtime; the 
 time of visiting- late at night. 
 
 None of iier svlvan subjects nnide their court ; 
 
 Levees and coucliees pass'd without reswt. Dr-yd, 
 Co'ucHEK. n. s. [from couch.] He that 
 
 couches or depresses cataracts. 
 Co'ucHFELLOW. n. s. \couch and fellow.] 
 
 Bedfellow ; companion. 
 
 1 liave grated upon my good friends for thre* 
 reprieves tor you, and your couchfellow, Nira ; oi 
 else you hadlooked through the "grate like a g&- 
 miny of baboons. Shaksap. 
 
 Co'ucHGRAss. n. s. A weed. 
 
 Tlie couchgrass, for the first year, insensibly roba 
 most plants lu sandy grounds apt to graze. 
 
 Mortime}''s linibundry. 
 
 COVE. 71. s. 
 
 1. A small creek or bay, 
 
 •2. A shelter ; a cover. 
 
 COVENANT. 71. s. [convenant,Tr. coii' 
 
 ventum, Lat.] 
 1. A contract; a stipulation. 
 
 He makes a coienant never to destroy 
 The earth again by flood ; nor let the sea 
 Surpass his Doumls. Milton s Par, Loti. 
 
 Tlie English make the ocean their abode. 
 Whose ready sails with ev'rv wind can tly. 
 And make icoo'nant with tfi' inconstant sky 
 
 ll'aifcr. 
 
 420
 
 C O V 
 
 $i:aic mi'ii live as if thry bad maJc a coceiiaiit 
 with lull: let divines, falli'crs, friends, say wliat 
 tliev will, they blo[) iheir ears againsl iJieiu. 
 
 2. An agreement ou certain terms; a com- 
 pact 
 
 A covenaiH is a mntiial compact, as we now>con- 
 •ider it, hetwivt Gcd and man; consisting of iiier- 
 dcs, on U id's pan, made over to man ; arid uf 
 conditions, on marc's part, required by Uod. 
 
 Htimntou'l's l^rm-ticat Catcchlwi. 
 
 8. A writing containing the terms of agree- 
 ment. 
 
 I sinill bnt lend my diamond (ill your return ; 
 let Uiere be cot:c->utnis'<iiiiwu between us. 
 
 Sf'ulicsp. Cymbcline. 
 
 To Co'vENANT. J', n. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To liari;nin ; to stipulate. 
 
 His lord used ciinuionly so to covenant willi 
 him, winch if ai any lime the tenant disliked, he 
 might freely dcpartat his pleasure. 
 
 Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 It had been covenanted between him and the 
 king of England thai neither of them should treat 
 of peace or truce with the t'Vench king. 
 
 Hauward on Edward VI. 
 By words men come to know one another's 
 xiiiiic]5 ; by these they covenant and confederate. 
 
 S'nith. 
 
 Jupiter COT'f>i</ti(ed with him, that it should he 
 
 Ijot ore Id, wet or dry, cahn or windv, as the 
 
 tenant should direct. L Estrange, 
 
 i. To agree witli another on certain terms; 
 with /())• before either tlie price or tlie 
 tiling purehasetl. 
 
 Theyr coi^nanted with him for thirty pieces of 
 silrer. Matthew. 
 
 Pointine to aheap of .sand, 
 JFor evVv grain, to live a year demand ; 
 But, ah"! uiunindful of th'etiect of time. 
 Forgot to covenant for youth and prime. 
 
 Garth's Ovid. 
 
 Coven ANTE'e. n.s. [^rom covenant.] A 
 party to a covenant ; a stijiulator ; a bar- 
 gainer. 
 
 Both of them were respective rites of their ad- 
 mission into the several covenants, and the cove- 
 twntees become tliereby entitled to the respective 
 privileges. Ayliffe's Farergon. 
 
 Covena'nter. n.s. [from covc7iant.] 
 One who takes a covenant. A word 
 introduced in the civil wars. 
 
 The coveiiantcrs shall have no more assurance of 
 mutual assistance each from I'ther, after the taking 
 of the covenant, than they had befttre. 
 
 Oxford lieasons against the Covenant. 
 
 Co'vENOUS. adj. [from covin.] Fraudu- 
 lent ; collusive; trickish. 
 
 I wish some means devised for the restraint of 
 these inordinate and covenous leases of lands, 
 holden in chief, for hnndieds or thousands of 
 years. Bacim's Office of' Alienation. 
 
 To CO'VER. V. a. [cotiirir Fi:] 
 
 1 . To overspread any thing with something 
 else. 
 
 The pastures are cloathed with flocks, the val- 
 leys also are covered over with corn. Psal. Ixv. 13. 
 
 Sea cover'd sea. 
 Sea without shore. Milton. 
 
 The llauiing mount appear'd 
 
 In Dothan coivr'd with a camp of fire. Milton. 
 
 Go to thy fellows, bid them cover the table, 
 
 serve in the meat, and we w ill come in to dinner. 
 
 Sliakesp. Mil-chant of reiiiee. 
 
 2. To conceal under something laid over. 
 
 Nor he their outward only with tiie skins 
 Of beasts, but inward nakedness, much more 
 Opprobrious, with his robe of righteousness 
 Array nig, coccrV from his father^s sight. Milton. 
 
 Cover me, ve pines ! 
 Ye cedars with ir-.niimerahle bouqhs 
 Hide me, liiat I may never see tirem more. Milt. 
 
 GOV 
 
 In Ijic'fi coo! vaU* let my low 5conc be laid, 
 Cover ine, gods, v-illi 'IV'iii'e's thickest sliadt*. 
 
 Couiet^. 
 Or lead me to some solitary place. 
 And cover my retreat from liuraan ruce. 
 
 JJritJcHS Virgil. 
 
 3. To hide by superficial appearances. 
 
 4. To overwhelm ; to bur}'. 
 
 Raillery and wit serve only to cover nonsense 
 \\\[\i blianie, when reason has lirst proved it to he 
 mere nonvensc. Mdtts. 
 
 5. To conceal from notice or punishment. 
 
 Charity shall cover the multitude of sins. 
 
 1 Feter, iv. 8. 
 
 TIioi] may'st repent, 
 And one bad act willi many deeds well done 
 IMay'st cover. MUton. 
 
 G, To shelter ; to protect. 
 
 His cahn and blameless life 
 Does with snhstantial blessedness abound, 
 And the soft wings of peace cover bim round. 
 
 Cowlty. 
 
 7, To incubate; to brood on. 
 
 Natural historians observe, that only the male 
 birds have voices; that tlieir songs begin a little 
 before breeding time, and end a little after; that 
 whilst the !ien fs covering her e^es, the male gene- 
 rally takes his stand upon a neighbouring bough 
 within her hearin>r. and by that means amuses 
 and diverts her with his songs during the whole 
 time of her sitting. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 8, To copulate with a female. 
 
 0. To wear the hat, or *Tarment of the head, 
 as a mark ofsuperiority or independence. 
 
 That king had conferred the honour uf grandee 
 upon him, which was of no other advaniage or 
 signifieatinn to him, thaii to be covered in the pre- 
 seiice of tliat king. Dryden. 
 
 Co'vER. 7i.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 i. Any thint; that is laid over another. 
 
 The secundine is but a general coi'fr, nnt shaped 
 according to the parts j the skin is shaped accord- 
 to the parts. Bacon. 
 The fouiitains could be strengthened no other 
 way than by making a strong cover or arch over 
 thera. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Orestes' bulky rage. 
 Unsatisfied with margins closifly writ, 
 Foams o'er the covers, and not finish'd yet. 
 
 Drydeii's Juvenal. 
 With your hand, or any other corer, you stop 
 tlie vessel so as wholly to exclude the air. 
 
 -Kay on tlie Creation. 
 
 2. A concealment; a screen ; a veil ; a su- 
 perficial appearance, under which some- 
 thing is hidden. 
 
 The truth and reason of things may be artifi- 
 cially and effectually insinuated, under the cover 
 either of a real fact or of a supposed one. UEstr. 
 
 As the spleen has great inconveniencies, so the 
 pretence of it is a handsome cover for imprrftx- 
 tions. Collier on the Spleen. 
 
 3. Shelter ; defence from weather. 
 
 In tile mean time, by being cunipcHed to lodge 
 in tlie field, which gi>?w nuw to be very cc-ld, 
 whilst liis army was under corcr, they might be 
 forced to retire". Clarendon. 
 
 CovER-SKAME. 71. s, [covev and shamc] 
 Some appearance used to conceal in- 
 famy. 
 
 D.iis he put on holy garments for a cover-shnme 
 of lewdness.^ Drydm's Spaniih Friar. 
 
 Co'vERlNG. 71. s, [from corrr.] Dress; 
 vesture ; any thing spread over another. 
 
 The women took and spread a covering over tlie 
 well's moulh. ''ZSatn. xvii. 19. 
 
 Bring some cox-ering for this naked soul, 
 Whom Til intreat to lead me. Shah. King Lear. 
 
 Through lier flesh melhinks is seen 
 The briglitcr soul that dwells within ; 
 Our eyes the subtle covering pass. 
 And see the lily tbruugli its glass. Cowley. 
 
 C O V 
 
 Then from the fl<ior he rais'd a royal bed. 
 With coi'rings of Sidmiian purple spread. 
 
 iJryden's FiU/Ia. 
 
 Sometimes Providence casts thing so, that truth 
 and interest lie the same way ; and when it is 
 wrapt up in this ctfirrin^, men can be content ti» 
 
 follow it. Simth. 
 
 Co'vERLET. n. *. [couv*elit , Fr.] The 
 outermost of the bedclothes ; that under 
 which all the rest are concealed. 
 
 Ley her in lilies and in violets. 
 And silken curtains over her display. 
 And odour'd sheets, and arras coterUts. Spenagt, 
 
 This done, the host produc'd the genial bed, 
 Which with no costly coverlet ihcy spread. 
 
 Dryden t FabUt, 
 
 I was, for want of a house and bed, forced to lie 
 on the ground, v^rapl up in my coverlet. Suijt. 
 
 Co'VERT. 71. s. [from cover; couvert, Fr.] 
 
 1. A shelter; a defence. 
 
 Let mine outcasts dwell Hiili thee, ]Moab : be 
 thou a covert to them froiu the face of the spoilers. 
 
 Isaiakf \vi. \ 
 
 There shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in ilic 
 day-time from the heal, and for a place of refuge, 
 and fur a covert from storm and rain. Jsaiah, iv. 6. 
 
 They are by sudden alarm, or watch-word, to 
 be culfed (mt to their military motions, under sky 
 or covert, according to the season, as was the Rrt- 
 man wont. MUton on Kdncatimi, 
 
 It «as the hour of niglit, when thus the .Son 
 Commun'd in silent walk, then laid him down 
 Under the hospitable cotJert uigh 
 Of trees thick interwoven. Jklillmi. 
 
 Now have a care your carnations catch not too 
 mucii wet, therefore retire them (o covert. 
 
 Evelyn's Katend.r. 
 
 2. A thicket, or hiding place. 
 
 Tow'rds liira I made ; but he was 'ware of me^ 
 And stole into the covert of the wood. 
 
 Shakcsp. Uomeo and Julitt* 
 I shall be your faithful guide, 
 Through this gloomy coiert wide. Milton. 
 
 Thence to the coverts, and the conscious groves. 
 The scenes of bis past triumphs and his loves. 
 
 Denham. 
 Deep into some thick coiert would I run, 
 Impenetrable to the stars or sun. 
 
 Dryden s State of Innocence. 
 The deer is lodg'd ; I've track'dherto hercm^I* 
 Be sure ye mind the word ; and when 1 give it, 
 Rush in at once, and seize upon your prey. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 Co'vERT. odj. [convert, Fr.] 
 
 1. Sheltered; not open; notexposetl. 
 
 Von are of either side the green to plant a 
 fiK'erf allev, upon carpenter's work, about twelve 
 foot in height, by which you may go in shade into 
 the garden. Bacon. 
 
 The fox is a beast also very prejudicial to the 
 husbandman, especially in pfaces that are near 
 forest-woods and ouctI places. Mortim. Hiisb. 
 
 Togelhcr let us beat this ample field. 
 Try what the open, what the covert yield. 
 
 ' Pope's Essayi. 
 
 2. Secret; hidden; private; insidious. 
 
 And let us |)rosenily go sit in council. 
 How covert mailers may be best disclos'd 
 And open perils surest answered. 
 
 Shahesp. Juiius Casar. 
 By what best way, 
 Whether of open war, or coveit guile. 
 We now debate. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Co'vERT. adj. [couvcrtj Fr.] The state 
 of a woman sheltered by marriage un- 
 der her husband; as covert baron, feme 
 covert. 
 
 Instead of her being under coveri baron, to be 
 nndercoi'ot feme mvself! to have my body di»* 
 abled, aud my head t^ortified ! 
 
 Dryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 421
 
 GOV 
 
 Covert-way. m. s. [from covert and 
 
 U'/ll/.] 
 
 It is, ill fortification, a space of ground level 
 ■ ' Willi the field, 0-4 tlie cii^c of the ditch, three or 
 four fiillioin broad, ranging quite round the half 
 moons, or other works toward the country. One 
 of tlie grcalesl iliOiculties in a siege is to make a 
 loHgineiit on the covcrt-wat^, because usually the 
 besieged fiallisadc it along the middle, and uiider- 
 miiielt on all sides. It is sometimes called the 
 corritlor, and sometimes the counterscarp, because 
 it is on the edge of the scarp. Harris, 
 
 Co'vERTLY. adv. [fromcoiicj-^] Secretly; 
 closely ; in prixate ; with privacy. 
 
 Yet still Aragiiol (so his foe was bight) 
 Lay lurking, coucrtiy him to surprise. 
 
 Spenser's Midoputmos. 
 
 How can'st thou cross this marriage? 
 •—Not honestly, my lord ; but so cocertty, that no 
 dishonesty shall aiipear in me. 
 
 Shuhcsp. Much ado about Nothing. 
 
 Amongst the })oets, Persins covertly strikes at 
 Nero ; some of w hose verses he recites with scorn 
 and indignation. Dryden. 
 
 Co'vERTNESs. n.s. [from coDerf.j Se- 
 crecy ; privacy. Diet. 
 Coverture, n. s. [from covert.] 
 
 1. Shelter ; defence ; not exposure. 
 
 It may be it is rather the shade, or other cofer- 
 ture, that they take liking in, than the virtue of 
 the herb. Bncun's Nat. Hist. 
 
 He saw their shame, that sought 
 Vain covertures. mitton's Par. Lost. 
 
 The winds being so fierce, and so severe, as not 
 to suifer any thing to thrive beyond the height of 
 a shrub, in those islands, unless protected by 
 walls, or other like covei-tnre. Woodward. 
 
 2. [In law.] The estate and condition of a 
 married woman, who, by the laws of our 
 realm, is in potesfate rii-i, and therefore 
 disabled to contract with any, to the pre- 
 judice of herself or her husband, without 
 his allowance or confirmation. Cowtll. 
 
 The infancy of king Edw.-ird VI. and the co- 
 verture of queen Mary, did, in fact disable them 
 to accomplish the conquest of Ireland. 
 
 Varies on Ireland. 
 
 To CO'VET. V. a. [cunvoiter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To desire inordinately; to desire be- 
 yond due bounds. 
 
 If it be a sin to covei't honour, 
 I am the most olfending man alive. Sliak. Hen. V. 
 
 I am yet 
 Unknown to wom.-m ; never was forsworn ; 
 Scarcely have coveted what was mine own ; 
 At no time broke my faith. Hhnhep. Macbeth. 
 
 O father! can it be, that souls sublime 
 Return to visit our terrestrial clime ? 
 And that the geii'rous mind, releas'd by death, 
 Can covet lazy limbs and mortal hrealh ? 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 
 2. To desire earnestly. 
 
 All things coveting as much as may be to be 
 like unto Gud in being ever; that which cannot 
 heieunto attain peisonatlv, doth seek to continue 
 itself another way, by otfspiing and propagation. 
 
 ftitohcr. 
 
 But cot'et earnestly the best gifts. 1 Cor. xi\. 3i. 
 
 To Covet, v. n. To have a stiong de- 
 sire. 
 
 The love of money is the root of all evil, which 
 while some coveted ajttr, they have erred from the 
 faith. 1 Tim. vi. 
 
 Co'vetable. adj. [from covet.] To be 
 wished for; to he coveted. Diet- 
 
 Co'vetise. n.s. [convnitise, Fr.] Ava 
 rice; covetousness of money. Not in 
 
 use. 
 
 JMost wretched wight, whom nothing might 
 sufliee. 
 Whose greed y lust did lack in greatest store ; 
 Whose need liad end, but no end covetise. Fairy Q. 
 
 c o u 
 
 Co'vETOus. adj, [€07ivoitcux, Fr.] 
 
 1. Inordinately tlesirous ; eager. 
 
 While cumbei'd with my dropping clothes Ila^; 
 The cruel nation, covetous of ]irey, 
 Stiiin'd with my blood th' uahospitahlc coast. 
 
 JJi^dcns /Eneid. 
 
 2. Inordinately eager of money ; avaricious. 
 
 All Jiearl they have exercised witli covftous 
 practices. 2 Fetcr, ii. 14 
 
 \Vh:it he cannot lielp in his nature, you nmst 
 not account a vice in him : you must in no ways 
 say he is covetous. Shakc.^p. 
 
 Xet never so mvicii probability hang on one side 
 of a crti'e^ONS man's reasoning, and niuney on the 
 otlier, it is easy to foresee which will oatwci"h. 
 
 Xocke. 
 
 3. Desirous ; eager : in a good sense. 
 
 Sheha was never 
 More covetous of wisdom and fair virtue, 
 Than this fair soul shall be. Sbakcsp. Henry VIII. 
 He that is envious or anj^ry at a virtue that is 
 not ills own, at the | eriectiun or excellency of his 
 neighbuur, is not r(n'et*»j*i- of the virtue, but of ils 
 reward and leputiition ; and then his intentions 
 arc puUuted, TuijLors Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 Co'vETOUSLY. adv. [trora covetous,] Ava- 
 riciously ; eagerly. 
 
 If lie cure not for't, he will supply us easily ; if 
 he covetously reserve it, liow shall 's get it? 67iu/i: 
 
 Co'vETOUSNESS. U.S. [^vom CO vefoiis.'] 
 
 1. Avarice; inordinate desire of money; 
 eagerness of gain. 
 
 lie that takes pains to serve the ends of covet~ 
 oiisness, or ministers to another's lust, or keeps a 
 shop of impurities or intemperance, is idle in the 
 worst sense. Taylor's Ho{\) Living. 
 
 Covetousncss debaseth a man's spirit, and sinks 
 it inio the earth. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Eagerness; desire : in a neutral sense. 
 
 "When w(trkinen strive to do better than well, 
 They do confound their skill in covelunsncss. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Co'vEY. 71. s. [couvee, Fr.] 
 
 1. A hatch; an old bird with her young 
 ones. 
 
 2. A number of birds together. 
 
 A llight of wasps and covey of iiartridges went 
 to a farmer, and begged a sup of liim, to quench 
 their thirst. UEstnntiic. 
 
 A fot'fi/ of partridges springing in our front, put 
 our infantry m rlisorder. Addison's Fixefwlder. 
 
 Tliere would be no walking in a shady wood, 
 without springing a covey of toasts. 
 
 Addison*s Guardian 
 
 COUGH. 71. 5. [/fwf//, Dut.] A convulsion 
 of the lungs, vellicated by some sharp 
 serosity. 
 
 In consumptions of the hinss, when nature cnn- 
 not expel the cough, men fall into fluxes of the 
 belly, and then tliey die. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 For his dear sake lon^ restless nights you bore, 
 While rattling coughs Ins lieaving vessels tore. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 To Cough, r. n. [kucken, Dut.] To have 
 the lungs convulsed; to make a noise in 
 endeavouring to evacuate the peccant 
 matter from the lungs. 
 
 Thou didst drink 
 The stale of horses, and the gilded puddle 
 Which beasts would cough at. 
 
 Shukcsp. yintonJ/and Cleopatra. 
 Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing 
 in the street, because he hath wakened thy dog 
 that hath lain asleep in the sun. 
 
 Shaki^sp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 The first problem enqnirelh why a man doth 
 cough, but not an ox or cow ; whereas tlie con- 
 trary is often observed. Brown. 
 li any humour be discharged upon the lungs, 
 they have a faculty of casting it up by coughing. 
 Ray on the Crcatiim. 
 I cough like Horace, and tho' le«n, am short. 
 
 Pojies Epistles. 
 
 C O U 
 
 To Cough, v. a. To eject by a cough; 
 to expectorate. 
 
 If the matter be to be discharged by expectora- 
 tion, it must first pass into the substance of the 
 lungs ; then into the aspera arteria, or wcusand ; 
 and from thence be coughed up, and spit out by 
 the moulh. Wiseman a Surgertf, 
 
 Co'uGHER. n. s. [h-omcough.] One that 
 coufihs. Diet. 
 
 Co'viN. ") w. 5. A deceitful agreement 
 
 Co'viNE. i between two or more, to 
 the hurt of another. Coweli. 
 
 Co'viNG. n.s. [from coir.] A term in 
 building, used of hou.ses that project 
 the ground-plot, and the turned pro- 
 jecture arched with timber, lathed and 
 plastered. Han is. 
 
 Could, [the imperfect preterite of can. 
 See Can.] Was able to; had power to. 
 
 And if I have done well, and as is fitting the 
 story, it is that which I desired ; but if slenderly 
 and meanly, it is that which I could aiijin unto. 
 
 2 Mac. XV. 38. 
 What ifhe did not all the ill he could? 
 Am I oblig'd by that t' assist bis raj)ines, 
 And to maintain his nuirders ? 
 
 Drydens Spanish Friar, 
 
 Co'uLTER. n. s. [cultcr, Lat.] J'he sharp 
 iron of the plough, Avhicli cuts the earth 
 perpendicular to the share. 
 
 The Israelites went down to sharpen every man 
 his share, and ids coulter, and his ax, and his mat- 
 tock. 1 Samuel, xiii. 20. 
 
 Literature is the grind.'«tone to sharpen the coul' 
 ters, to whet their natural faculties. 
 
 Hammond on Fundamentah. 
 
 The plougli for slilF clays is long mid broad : 
 and the coulttr long, and very litde Ixudihg, with 
 a very large wing. Mortimer. 
 
 CO'UNCIL. n. s. [concilium, Lat.] 
 
 1. An assembly of persons met together 
 in consultation. 
 
 The chief priests, and all the cmf7(r?7, sought false 
 witness. Matthviv, x.'ivi.69. 
 
 The Stygian council thus dissolv'd ; and forth 
 In order came the grand infernal |»eers. Milt07i. 
 
 In histories conipn.sed by politicians, ihey are 
 for drawing up a perpetual sclieiue of causes and 
 events, and preserving a constant correspondence 
 between tlie camp and the council table. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 2. Act of publick deliberation. 
 
 The scepter'd heralds call 
 To council in the city gates : anon 
 Grey-headed men and grave, with warriors mix'd. 
 Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton. 
 
 ■i. An assembly of divines to deliberate 
 upon religion. 
 
 Some borrow all their religion from the fathers 
 of the Christian church, or from their synods or 
 councils. Watts, 
 
 4. Persons called together to be consulted 
 on any occasion, or to give advice. 
 
 They bciu" thus assembled, are uutre properly 
 a council to the king, the great coutwil of the king- 
 dom, to advise his majesty in those things of 
 weight and difficulty, which concern botn the 
 king and people, than a court. 
 
 Bacons Advice to Villiers. 
 
 5. The body of privy counsellors. 
 
 Without the knowledge 
 Either of king or council, you made bold 
 To carry into i'landera the great seal. 
 
 Shifkesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 Covscih-^o AKD. 71. s.[coinicil iind /}oa7'd.] 
 Council-table ; table where matters ot 
 state are deliberated. 
 
 He hath commanded, 
 To-morrow morning to the couticil-hoard 
 He be convened. Sliakcsp. Henry VIH, 
 
 422
 
 c o u 
 
 Wlicn sliip-monry was transacted at tlic conncil- 
 tmrdf ihcy looki'd u|kih it as a wurk of that 
 power tliev W'TC ohli^cil tu trust. Clarendon. 
 
 And I'ailas, if she brukc llir laws, 
 
 Must viclil tier fue the stronger cause ; 
 
 A shame to one s(j much ador'd 
 
 For wisdom nt Jove's coujicit-board. Swift, 
 
 COUNSEL, n. s. [consilium. Lat.] 
 
 1. Advice; direction. 
 
 There is as much dilFcrence between the covn- 
 kI that a friend givrlli, and tliat a man giyeth 
 himself, as there is between tlie counsel of a friend 
 and of a flatterer. ^ Bacon. 
 
 The best counsel he could give him was, to go to 
 his parliament. Clarendon. 
 
 Bereave me not, 
 Whereon I live, thy gentle looks, thy aid, 
 Thy counsel, in this uttermost distress. _ Milton. 
 
 2. Consultation ; interchange of opinions. 
 
 I hold as liltle rona.^el with weak fear 
 As you, or any Scut that lives. Siiak. Hen. l\ . 
 
 3. Deliberation ; examination of conse- 
 quences. 
 
 They all confess, therefore, in the working of 
 that first cause, that counsel is used, reason fol- 
 lowed, and a way observed. Hooker. 
 
 4. Prudence ; art ; machination. 
 
 O liow comely is the wisdom of old men, and 
 understanding and counsel to men of honour. 
 
 Ecclus. XXV. 5. 
 There is no wisdom, nor understanding, nor 
 counsel, against the Lord. I'roo. xxi, ,')(). 
 
 6. Secrecy ; the secrets entrusted in con- 
 sulting. 
 The players cannot keep counsel ; they'll tell all. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 6. Scheme; purpose; design. Not in use. 
 
 The counsel itf the Lord standeth for ever, the 
 thoughts of his heart to all generations. 
 
 Psatm xxxiii. 11. 
 O God, from whom all holy desires, all good 
 CtnLnsels, and all just works do proceed. 
 
 Common Prayer. 
 
 7. Those that plead a cause ; the cotinsel- 
 lors. This seems only an abbreviature 
 usual in conversation. 
 
 Your hand, a covenant; we will have these 
 things set down by lawful counsel. Shah. Cumhclint. 
 
 For the advocates and coumel that ple.id, pati- 
 ence and gravity of learning is an essential part 
 of justice ; and an overspeaking judge is no well- 
 tuned cymbal. Bacon. 
 
 What says ray counsel leari\ed in the law ? Pope, 
 
 To Co'uNSEL. v.a. [co7isilior, Lat.] 
 
 1. Togive advice or counsel to any per on. 
 
 But say, Lucetta, now we are alone. 
 Would St thou then counsel me to fall in love? 
 
 Shakesp, 
 Truth shall nurse her; 
 Holy and heav'nly thoughts still fouHsc( her. 
 
 Sliakesn. Henry VIIL 
 There is dangorof bein^ unfaithtull\ counsrllcd, 
 and more for the good oftliem that <:ounsel than 
 fur him that is couiisellcd. Bacon. 
 
 Ill fortune never crushed that man whom good 
 fortune deceived not; 1 therefore have counselled 
 my friends never to trust to her fairer side, though 
 slie seemed to make peace with tlieni. 
 
 Ben Jonsons Discoveries. 
 
 lie supports my poverty with his wealth, anil 
 
 I counsel and instruct him with my leariiing and 
 
 experieoue. Tanlor. 
 
 2. To advise any thing. 
 
 The less had been our shame, 
 
 The less his counsell'd crime which brands tlie 
 
 Grecian name. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 Co'uNSELL.^BLE. fiflj. [from counsel.] 
 
 Willino- to receive and follow the advice 
 
 or opinions of others. 
 
 \ ery few nieii of so great parts were more eoun- 
 lellalde ihun he; so that he would seldom be in 
 danger of great errours, if he would communicate 
 Lis own thoughts to disquisition. Clarendon. 
 
 c o u 
 
 Co'uN.SKLl.oR. 7i.s. [from counsel. This 
 should rather be written counnclhr.] 
 
 1. One that gives advice. 
 
 His mother was hh couincllor to do wickedly. 
 2 Chron. xxii. 3, 
 
 She would be a counsellor of f^ood things, and a 
 comfort ill cares. M'kdom, viii. 9, 
 
 Death of ihy soul ! Those linen clieeks of thine 
 Are counselhrrs to fear. ^fuiktsp. Macbclh. 
 
 2. Confidant; bosoni friend. 
 
 In such green palaces the first kings rejgn'd, 
 Slept in their shades, and aiigt'ls enk-rtaiu'd ; 
 With such old ruunsellors they did advise, 
 And b^' frequenting sacred groves grew wise. 
 
 [\allcr. 
 
 3. One whose province is to dehberate 
 and advise upon })ubHck affairs. 
 
 Vou are a cnunsdlor, 
 And by that virtue no man dare accu.se yon. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 Of cou7isetlors there are two sorts: the first, con- 
 silitirii 7iafi, as 1 may term them ; sucli are the 
 prince of Wales, antl others of the king's sons: 
 but the ordinary sort of comiscdors arc such us (he 
 king, out of a due consideration of their witrth 
 and abilities, and wilhal of their fidelity to his 
 person and to his crown, calleth to be of council 
 witli iiini, in his ordinary government. 
 
 Bacon's Advice to VilUcrs. 
 
 4. One tliat is consulted in a case of law ; 
 a lawyer, 
 
 A cnnriselliv bred up in the knowledge of the 
 iniinici|jal and statute laws, may honestly inform 
 a just prince how far his prerogative extends. 
 
 Drydens Juccnal, Dedicution. 
 
 Co'UN.SELLORSHIP. U.S. [from rOM«5f/- 
 
 ior.] Tiie oilice or post of a privy coun 
 sell or. 
 
 Of the great offices and oflicers of the kingdom, 
 the most }jart arc nuchas cannot well be severed 
 from the connsellorship, 
 
 Bacon*s Advice to lltlicrs. 
 
 To COUNT. V. a. [cotnpter, Fr. compu- 
 tare, Lat,] 
 
 1 . To niuiiber ; to tell. 
 
 Here tiiro' this grate I can count every one, 
 And view the Frenchmen. 
 
 Sliakesp. Hem-y VI. 
 The vicious count their years; virtuous, their 
 acts. Johnson. 
 
 For the preferments of the world, he that would 
 reckon upon all the accidents that they depend 
 upon, may as well undertake to count the sands, 
 or to sum up infinity. South. 
 
 When men in sickness ling'ring lie, 
 They cm(?i( the tedious huurs by mouths and years. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Argos now rejoice, for Tiiebes lies low ■, 
 Thy slaughter'd sons now smile, and lliink tliey 
 
 won, 
 When they can count more Thebau ghosts than 
 theirs. Dryden. 
 
 2. To preserve a reckoning^. 
 
 Some people in Auiorica counted their years by 
 tlie coming of certain birds amongst them at their 
 certain seasons, and leaving them at others. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. To reckon ; to place to an account. 
 
 He believed in the Lord, and be counted it to 
 hiiu for righteousness. Gent^sis, xv. 6. 
 
 Not barely the plowman's pains is lo be counted 
 into the bread we eat ; the labour of those who 
 broke the oxen, must ail be charged on the ac- 
 C'tunt of labour. Locke. 
 
 4. To esteem ; to account ; to reckon ; to 
 consider as having a certain character, 
 whether good or evil. 
 
 When once it comprehendeth any thing above 
 this, as the ditlerences of time, allirniations, ne- 
 gations, and contradictions in speech, we then 
 count it to have some use of natural reason. 
 
 Hooker* 
 
 C O U 
 
 aid for a daughter of 
 1 Sam. i. 
 
 Count not tliine band 
 Belial. 
 
 Niif ^ball I cou7it it heinous to enjoy 
 Thc[ ublicxmarks of honour and reward 
 Confcrr'd upon me. Milton's .'gonistei. 
 
 Vou wouhl not wish to count thiH man a foe '. 
 In friendship, and in hatred, obstinate. 
 
 Fhilipt'$ Briton. 
 5. To impute to ; to charge to. 
 
 All the impossibilities, which poets 
 Count to extravagance of lootjc description, 
 Shall sooner be. Iiou:e's Ambitions Stej/mother. 
 
 To Count, r. n. To found an account 
 
 or scheme: with upon, 
 
 I think it a great ern.ur to omrit upo7t the genias 
 of a nation, us a standhig argument in all age>. 
 
 Su-iji, 
 
 Count, n.s. [compt€,Tr. computus, Lait,] 
 
 1. Number. 
 
 That we up to your palaces may mount. 
 Of blessed saints for to increase tnc count. 
 
 Spenser's Epithal, 
 
 2. Reckoning ; number summed. 
 
 By my count, 
 I was your mother much upon'these years. Sfiah. 
 
 Since I saw you last. 
 There is a change upon you. -— — 
 
 Well, I know not 
 
 What counts hard fortune casts upon my lace. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Count, n.s. [comie, Fr. comes, Lat.] A 
 title of foreign nobility, supposed equi- 
 valent to an earl. 
 
 Co'uNTABLE. (tf/J . [from count.'] That 
 which may be nimiberetl. 
 
 The evils which you desire to he recounted are 
 veiy many, and almost conniahie with lliose which 
 were hidden in. the basket of Pandora. 
 
 Spemer's Ireland. 
 
 COUNTENANCE. n. s. [contcnance, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The form of the face ; the system of the 
 features. 
 
 2. Air ; look. 
 
 A made countenance about lier raouth, between 
 simpering and smiling; her litad, bowed sorae- 
 wliui di'wn, seemed to langui^ll witli over-mucU 
 idleness. Sidney. 
 
 Well, Suffolk, vet thou shalt not see me blush» 
 Nor change my countenajtce for this arrest : 
 A heart unspotted is nut easily daunted. 
 
 ' Shukeifp. Hcnru VL 
 
 So spake our sire, and by bisri>ti«rnunrescen!*tl 
 Entering on studious thoughts abstruse. Mttton. 
 
 Towhuui, withc<iuM('»uiHCCcalm,and soul sedate. 
 Thus Turnus. Dryden s -f-netW. 
 
 3. Calmness of look ; composure of face. 
 
 She smil'd severe ; nor with a trtmbled look. 
 Or trembling hand, the funral present took ; 
 Kv'n kept her counCnnucc, wht*n the lid rcniov'd 
 I.)isclos'd the heart unfortunately lov'd. 
 
 Dryden's Fabla. 
 
 The two great maxims of any great man at 
 court are, afways to keep his cowntemincc, and 
 never to kee|> Ins worti- Suiji. 
 
 4. Confidence of mien ; aspect of assur- 
 ance : it is conmionly i»setl in these 
 phrases, in count c nance , and out of 
 counfvnance. 
 
 The night beginning to persuade some retiring 
 place, tlie >:enlIewoiuan, even out of count cna net 
 uefore she lugan her spctcb, invited me to hidge 
 that night with her father. Sidney. 
 
 We will not make your countenance to fall by 
 tlie answer ye shall receive. 
 
 Bacons Kcw Atlintia. 
 
 Their best friends were out of countenance, l)«- 
 cause they found thai the imputations, which 
 their enemies had laid upon them, were well 
 grounded. Clarendon* 
 
 423
 
 c o u 
 
 Your examples will meet it at every t rn , arid 
 put it oil! of conntemtnce ill every |ilace: even iu 
 j)rivate corners it will souu luse confidence. 
 
 Sjiratt's Sermons. 
 
 If the outward profession of religion and virtue 
 were once in practice and countenance at court, a 
 good treatment of the clergy would be the neces- 
 stirv conseipience. Sitift, 
 
 If those preachers would look about, the^ would 
 find one part of their congregation out of connte- 
 wmce, and the other asleep. _ Sui/'l. 
 
 It is a kind of ill manners to offer objections to 
 a fine woman, and a man would be out oj counte- 
 nance that should gain the superiority in such a 
 contest: a coquette logician may be rallied, hut 
 not contradicted. Adaiions Freehohltr. 
 
 It pats the leanu'd in countenance, and gives 
 tlieiu a place among tlie fashionable part of man- 
 tind. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 6. Kindness or ill-will, as it appears upon 
 the face. 
 
 Yet the stout fairv, 'mongst the middest crowd, 
 Thought all their glory vain in knightly view, 
 And that great prnicess too, exceeding proud, 
 I'hat to s(7ange knight no better countenance al- 
 low'd. Spenser. 
 
 G. Patronage ; appearance of favour ; ap- 
 pearance on any sitle ; support. 
 
 The church of Christ, which held that profes- 
 sion which had not the publick allowance and 
 countenance of authority, coidd noi use the exer- 
 cise of the Christian religion but in private. 
 
 Hooker. 
 His majesty maintained an army here, to give 
 strength andcoimleriunce to the civil nia-istrate. 
 Duties on Ireland. 
 Now then we'll use 
 His countenance fur the battle ; w bich being done, 
 Let her » lio would be rid of him devise 
 His speedy taking oH". Shak. King Lear. 
 
 This is "the magistrate's peculiar province, to 
 give countenanceto piety and virtue, and to rebuke 
 vice and profanciiess. Atterbury. 
 
 1. Superficial appearance; show; resem- 
 blance. 
 
 The election being done, he made countenance 
 of great discontent tiicreat. Aschauis SchooUnasler. 
 
 Oh, you blessed ministers above ! 
 Keep me in patience, and with ripen'd time 
 Unfold the evil, which is here wrapt up 
 li\ countenaivce. Skakesp. Measure/or Measure. 
 
 Bianca's love 
 Made rae exchange my state with Tranio, 
 While he did bear ray countenance in the town. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Co'uNTENANCE. r. a. [from thenoun.] 
 
 1. To support ; to patronise ; to vindicate. 
 
 Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in 
 his cause. Eiodiis. 
 
 This conceit, though countenanced b^- learned 
 men, is not made out either by experience or rea- 
 son. B'-own 
 
 This national fault, of being so very talkative, 
 looks natural and graceful in one that has grey 
 hairs to countenance it. Addison. 
 
 2. To make a show of. 
 
 Each to tliese ladies love did countenance, 
 And to his mistress each himself strove to ad- 
 vance. Spenser 
 
 3. To act suitably to any thing ; to keep 
 up any appearance. 
 
 INIalcolm ! Banquo ! 
 As from vonr graves rise up, and walk like sprites. 
 To countenance this horrour. Shakcp. Macbeth. 
 
 4. To entourage : to appear in defence. 
 
 At the first descent on shore lie "as not ira- 
 niured with a wooden vessel, but he did connte- 
 nmice the landing in his long-boat. ]Vuiton. 
 
 Co'UNTKNANCER. n. s. [from counte- 
 nance. 'I One that countenances or sup- 
 ports another. 
 
 Co'uNTER. n. «. [from count.'\ 
 
 1, A false piece of money used as a means 
 of reckoning. 
 
 c o u 
 
 Will jou with cmintCT sftm 
 Tlic vast pruportionof his infinite ? Shnkesp. 
 
 Thuugh these Italf-pence are t<j be received as 
 money in tiic Exchcfjuer, yet in trade Uiey are no 
 better ih^n counters. 
 
 Su'lfVs Consid. oji Wood's Coin . 
 
 2. Money, in contempt. 
 
 When Marcus Brutus grows so covetous. 
 To lock such rascal counters frum his friends. 
 Be ready, gods! with ail your thuiuier-bolts 
 Dash hiiu to pieces. ShtikcsiJ. Julius Caesar. 
 
 3. The table on which jroods are viewed, 
 and money told, in a shop, 
 
 A fine gaudy minx, that robs our counfers every 
 night ; and then goes out, and spends it upon our 
 cuckold-makers. Vryden, 
 
 In half-whipt muslin needles useless lie. 
 And shuttlecocks across tlie counter fly. 
 
 Oaii^s Trivia. 
 Sometimes you would see him behind his coun- 
 ter selling broadcloth, sometimes measuring linen. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 Whether tliy counter shine witli sums untold, 
 And thy wide-grasping hand £rows black with 
 gold. Swift 
 
 4. Counter of a Horse, is tliat part of a 
 horse's forehand that lies between the 
 shoulder and under the neck. Far. Diet. 
 
 Co'uNTER. adv. [conire^ Fr. contra, Lat.] 
 
 1. Contrary to; in opposition to: it is com- 
 monly used with the verb run^ perhaps 
 by a metaphor from the old tournaments. 
 
 Shall we erect two wills in God's, and make 
 the will of his purpose and intention run counter 
 to the will of his approbation ? South. 
 
 The profit of the merchaiit, and the gain of the 
 
 kingdom, are so far from being always parallels, 
 
 that frequently tliey run counter ouc to the nther. 
 
 Child on Trade. 
 
 He thinks it brave, at his first setting out, to 
 signalize himseUhi running counter to all the rules 
 of virtue. Locke. 
 
 2. The wrong Avay; contrarily to the right 
 course, 
 
 Hnw cheerfully on the false trail they crv, 
 Oh, this is counter, yuu false Danish dogs! 
 
 Shukc^p. Hamlet. 
 
 3. Contrary ways. 
 
 A man, whom I cannot deny, may oblige mc 
 to use persuasions to another, which, at the same 
 tiuie I am siieaking, I may wish may not prevail 
 on him: in this case, it is plain, the will and the 
 desire run comiter. Locke. 
 
 4. Tiie face, in opposition to the back. 
 Not in use. 
 
 They hit one another with darts, as the other 
 do with their hands, which they never throw 
 counter, but at the back of the flyer. 
 
 Sand}}^s Journal. 
 
 5. This word is often found in composition, 
 and may be placed before either nouns 
 or verbs used in a sense of opposition. 
 
 That desiL'n was no sooner known, but others 
 of an op|)osite party were appointed lo set a coun- 
 (er-|>etition on foot. Clarendon. 
 
 To Countera'ct, v. a. [counter and act.] 
 To hinder any thing from its effect by 
 contrary agency. 
 
 In this case vve can find no principle within 
 him stroni; enough to counteract lh;it principle, 
 and to relieve him. South. 
 
 To CovT^TKHiiA'hX'SCK.vM. [counter and 
 balance.] To weigh against; to act 
 against with an opposite weight. 
 
 There was so much uir drawn out of the vessel, 
 that the reniHining air was not able to counter- 
 balance the mercurial cylinder. Boijle. 
 
 Few of Adam's children are not born with 
 some bias, which it is the business of education 
 either to take otF, or counterbalance. Locke. 
 
 Counterba'lance. ?/.5. [from the verb.] 
 Opposite weight; equivalent power. 
 
 c o u 
 
 But peaceful kings, o'er martial people set, 
 Each other's poise and counterbahince are. 
 
 Drydcn's An. Mirab. 
 
 IMoney is the counterbalance to all other things 
 purchaseabie by it, and l.ying, as it were, in tire 
 opposite scale of coiuinercc. Lock^. 
 
 To Counterbu'ff. v. a. [from counter 
 and btiff.] To impel in a direction op- 
 posite to the former impulse ; to strike 
 back. 
 
 'I'lie giddy sliip, betwixt the winds and fideS 
 Forc'd back and forwards, in a circle rides, 
 Stunn'd with the diiTreut blows; then slioofs 
 
 amain, 
 Till counterbnjf'd she stops, and sleeps again. 
 
 Drydeit. 
 
 Counterbu'ff. n.s. [counter and buff.] 
 A blow in a contrary direction ; a stroke 
 that produces a recoil. 
 
 He at the second gave him such a connterhu^, 
 that, because Phalantus was not to be driven from 
 the saddle, the saddle with broken girths wai 
 driven from the horse. Sidney. 
 
 Go, captain Stub, lead on, and show 
 \^'llat bouse you come of, by the blow 
 \ ou give Sir Qiiinlin, and the cutT 
 \ou'scapeo' th' saudbagsc()unfcr6a/?". Be7i Jrmson. 
 
 Co'uNTERCASTEK. M.S. [from counter, 
 for a false piece of money, and caster.^ 
 A word of contempt for an arithmeti- 
 cian ; a book-keeper ; a caster of ac- 
 counts; a reckoner. 
 
 I, of wliom his ej'cs had seen the proof 
 At Rhofles, at Cyprus, must be led and calm'd 
 By debtor and creditor, this conntercaster. 
 
 Shakcsp. Othelb 
 
 Co'uNTERCHANGE. Ti. s. [counter and 
 change.l Exchange ; reci)>rocation. 
 She, like harmless lightning, throws licrcy^ 
 On him, her brothers, me, her master, hitting 
 Each object with a joy, 'i^he countircbunge 
 Is severally in all. Shaktsp. Cymbclins. 
 
 To Cou'nterchange. v. a. To give 
 
 and receive. 
 Countercha'RM. n. s. [counter and 
 cfianii.] That by which a charm is dis- 
 solved; that which has the power of de- 
 stroying the effects of a chann. 
 Now touch'd by eounterchariM they change 
 again. 
 And stand majestick, and recall'd to men. 
 
 Pirjyc's Odvsseij. 
 
 To Countercha'RM. v. a. [{rom counter 
 and c/irirm.] To destroy the effect of 
 an enchantment. 
 
 Like a spell it was to keep us invulnerable, and 
 so countercharm all our crimes, that they should 
 only be active to please, not hurt us. 
 
 Decay of Pie t^. 
 
 To Counterche'ck. v. a. [counter and 
 check.] To oppose; to stop with sud- 
 den opposition. 
 
 Counterche'ck. «. .?. [from the verb.] 
 Stop ; rebuke. 
 
 If imain I said his heard was not well cut, he 
 would" say I lye I this is called the countciebeck 
 quarrelsome Shakes^. 
 
 To Counterdra'w. r.ti. [from counter 
 and draiv.] With painters, to copy a 
 desion or painting by means of a fine 
 linen cloth, an oiled paper, or other 
 transparent matter, whereon the strokes, 
 ajipearing through, are traced with a 
 pencil. Chambers. 
 
 Countere'vidence. n. «. [from ccmn- 
 ttr and evidence^ Testimony by 
 
 421
 
 c o u 
 
 wliicli the deposition of some former 
 witness is opposed. 
 
 Sense itself delects its nunc palpable deceits bv 
 9i coiinter-eiiiltucf, and the more urdinary inipu5- 
 lurcs seldom outlive the tirst experinients. 
 
 Olanv. Seeps. 
 
 \\c have little reason to question bis tesiinion_j' 
 
 in this point, seeinj* it is I)acKed by others of rrood 
 
 creilit ; ami all because there is no counterevidfnce, 
 
 nor any witness, that apprars a^'^tinst it. 
 
 Jiunict's Tlieon/ifthe Karth. 
 
 To COUNTERFEIT, v. a. [contnfaire, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. To copy with an intent to pass the copy 
 
 for an original ; to forge. 
 
 What art ttiuii, 
 That counterfeits the pcrsun of a king ? 
 
 Shakesp. Henrv W . 
 It came into tliis priest's fancv to cause this lad 
 io counterfeit and personate the "second son of Ed- 
 ward 1\'. supposed to be murdered. /!iioujrs//.\' II 
 ^Tliere have been some that could coantcrjiit ibe 
 distance of voices, ^vbicb is a sec*»Mdary oliject of 
 heating, in sucli sort, as, when tbey stand liisl by 
 you, 30U would think the speccli came from afar 
 off in a fearful manner. Bucon's'Xat. Hist. 
 
 Saj', lovely dream, where couldst thou find 
 Shatfow s to counterfeit that face ? 11 u//fr. 
 
 It happens, tbat"not one single line or thought 
 is contamcd in this imposture, althonsh it ajipeurs 
 ihat they who counterfeited me had iTeard of the 
 true one. Suj/t, 
 
 2. To imitate; to copy; to resemble. 
 
 .4nd,ob,ynu mortal engines! whose rude throats 
 T ir immortal Jove's dread clamours counterfeit, 
 rarew^cl! _ Slwkcsp. Othello. 
 
 O i.ve ! in evil hour tlion didst give ear 
 To Ihat false worm, of wboaisoever taught 
 To counterfeit man's voice. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 To counterfeit, is to put on t)ie likeness and ap- 
 pearance of sorue real excellency : Bristol-stoiio 
 would not pretend to be diamonds, if there never 
 had been diamonds. Tillotson. 
 
 Co'UNTERFEiT. adj. [from the verb.] 
 1. That which is made in imitation of an- 
 other, witli intent lo pass for the origi- 
 nal ; forged ; fictitious. 
 
 I learn 
 Now of my own experience, not bv talk. 
 How counterfeit a coin they are, who friends 
 Bear in tl:eir superscription ; in prosperous days 
 They snanu, but in adverse withdraw their head. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 General observations drawn from particulars, 
 
 lire the jewels of knowledge, comprehend ini; 
 
 great store in a little room ; but they are therefore 
 
 Jo be made with the greater care and caution, lest, 
 
 if we take coiiiKer^fiifor true, our shame be the 
 
 greater, whcji our "stock comes to a severe scrutiny. 
 
 . Loclie. 
 
 2. Deceitful ; hypocritical. 
 
 True friends appear less mov'd than counterfeit. 
 
 lioscommon. 
 
 Co'UNTERFEiT. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. One who personates another; an im- 
 postor. 
 
 I am no countetfeit ; to die is to be a counterfeit ; 
 for he is but tlie counterfeit of a man, who'halh 
 not the life of a man. Shahesp. 
 
 Ihis priest, being utterly unacquahited with the 
 true person, according to whose pattern he should 
 »hai)c h;s counterfeit, yet could think it possible 
 for him to instruct his player, either in eesture or 
 fashions or in lit answers to questions', to come 
 near the resemblance. Bucon 
 
 But trust me, child, I'm muchinclin'd to fear 
 Nome coiinf.T/ii/ in this your Jupiter. .IddisonsOr. 
 
 2. Something made in imitation of ano- 
 tlier, intended to pass for that which it 
 resembles ; a forgery. 
 ,,. ^ly father was I know not where, 
 \\ hen I was stampf. Some coiner, with his tools, 
 Wade me aconnterfeU; yet my mother seem'd 
 The Dian of that Ume, Shakesp. Cymbdine 
 
 C O IJ 
 
 There would be no cnunlafilis but for the sake 
 of something real ; though p'retenders seem to be 
 what they really arc not, yet ihev pretend to be 
 somilhing that re:-llv is. " Till„if,m. 
 
 Co'u.VTERFEITER.n.s[from cotttiler/cit.] 
 A forger; one who contrives copies to 
 pass for originals. 
 
 Henry the Second altered the coin, which was 
 corrupte<l by counterfeiters, to the great nood of 
 the commonwealth. ^'ainilen. 
 
 CouNTERFUiTLY. adf. [from coiinlcr- 
 Jiit.] Falsely; fictitiously; with for- 
 gery. 
 
 Since the wisdom of their choice is rather to 
 have my cap than mv heart, I will practise the in- 
 smuating nod, and be o(i' to them most counter- 
 J"'>y- Shakesp. Coriolunus. 
 
 Counterfe'rment. n. s. [cuuiiler and 
 ferment.] Ferment opposed to ferment. 
 ^\ hat unnatural motions and ci)un(rr/t-i«if;i(.'i 
 must a medley of intemperance produce in ilie 
 body ! \\ hen 1 behold a fashionable table, I fancv 
 I see innumerable distempers lurking in ambus- 
 cade among the dishes. Addison's .'Spectator. 
 CounTERFe'sance. n.,«. [cuntrtjuisunce, 
 Fr.] The act of counterfeiting ; forgery. 
 Not in use. 
 
 And his man Reynold, with (iiiec(mnter/"esu;icc. 
 Supports his credit and his coiuitenancc. 
 „ , . , , „ , Huhherd's Tale. 
 
 bach IS the face of falsehood, such the sLdil 
 Of foul Uuessa, when her borrow'd li"ht ° 
 Is laid away, and couiiter/i-s<;iice known. FainiQ. 
 Co'uN TERFORT. 71. s. [from cotiiitir and 
 fort.] 
 
 _ Counteiprts, buttresses or spurs, are pillars serv- 
 ing to support walls or terrasses subject to bulse. 
 
 Chainbt rs. 
 
 Counterg.\'ge. n. s. [from counter and 
 gage.] In carpentry, a method used to 
 measure the joint,?, by transferring the 
 breadth of a mortise to the place where 
 the tenon is to be, in order to make 
 them fit each other. Chambers. 
 
 Countergua'rd 
 and 
 
 c u 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 n.s. [from courifer 
 
 Hard.] A small rampart, with pa 
 
 rapet and ditch, to co\er some jiart of 
 
 the body of the place. Mililary Diet. 
 
 Counterli'ght. n.s. ['ti'om counter ani\ 
 light.] A window or light opposite to 
 any thing, which makes it apj)ear to a 
 disadvantage. Chambers. 
 
 To Counterma'nd. v. a. Icontremander. 
 Fr.] 
 
 1 . To order the contrary to what was or- 
 dered or intended before ; to contradict, 
 annul, or repeal a command. 
 
 in states notoriously irreligious, a secret and 
 irresistible power counterinanils their deepest pro- 
 jects, and smites their policies with frustration 
 and a curse. South. 
 
 2. To oppose ; to contradict the orders of 
 another. 
 
 For us to alter any thing, is to lift up ourselves 
 
 against God, and, as it were, to countermand him. 
 
 „ r.. 1 .1 . Hooker. 
 
 3. LO prohibit 
 Av'icen countermands letting blood in cholerick 
 
 bodies, because he esteems Sie blood a bridle of 
 tlie gall. ILneu. 
 
 Counterma'nd. n.s. [contremand.rt.] 
 Repeal of a former order. 
 
 Have you no countermand for Claudio vet. 
 But mus't he die to-morrow ? Shak.Mcas.Yor Mcas. 
 
 To Countermarch, i. w. [cok/j^cj- antl 
 march.] To march backward; to march 
 in indirect ways. j 
 
 Countermarch, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 I. Retrocession ; march backward ; march 
 
 in a different direction from the former. 
 
 How are such an infinite nuin cr of Ibings 
 placed with such order hi Ibe memorv. iiot*rlh- 
 standing the tumults, marches, and miiiirrv-mn-cSa 
 of theaiiima! spirits? ColUcron 7/.™;j7,t. 
 
 2. Change of measures; alteration of con- 
 duct. 
 
 They make him do and undo, go fonrard and 
 backwards by such r.)i/«(rnnurc/i« and retractions, 
 as we do not willingly impute to wisdom. 
 
 Bumei't Theory 1^ the Earth. 
 
 Countermark, n.s. [counter am\ mark.] 
 
 I. A second or third mark put on a bale 
 
 of goods belonging to several merchants, 
 
 that it may not be opened but in the 
 
 presence of them all. 
 
 •2. The mark of tlie goldsmiths company, 
 
 to shew the metal is standard, added to 
 
 that of the artificer. 
 
 3. An artificial cavity made in the teeth 
 of horses that have outgrown their na- 
 tural mark, to disguise their age. 
 
 4. A mark added to a medal a long time 
 after it is struck, by which the curious 
 know the several changes in value which 
 it has undcroone. Chambers. 
 
 lo Countermark, v. a. [counttr and 
 mark.] 
 
 A horse is said to be countcrmarked, when his 
 corner teeth arc artificiallv made hollow, a false 
 niark being made in tlie hollow place, in imiiaiioa 
 of the eye of a bean, to conceal the horse's a^e. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 Countermi'ne. n.s. [counter and mine.l 
 I . .A well or hole sunk into the ground, 
 from which a gallery or branch runs 
 out under ground, to seek out tlie ene- 
 my's mine, and disappoint it. 
 
 Mtlilnry Diet. 
 
 After this they mined the walls, laid the pow- 
 der, and rammed the mouths; but the citizens 
 made a countermine, and tliereinto thev poured 
 such a plenty of water, that the wet powder could 
 not be lired. Hauicard. 
 
 •2. Means of opposition ; means of coun- 
 teraction. 
 
 He thinking himself contemned, knowing no 
 coiintermiMe against contempt but terror, bigan to 
 let nothing pass, which mij;ht hear the colour cf 
 a fault, without sharp punishment. Sidnev. 
 
 3. A stratagem by which any contrivance 
 is defeated. 
 
 The matter beiii» hrought to a trial of skill, the 
 countermine was oiily an act of self-preservation. 
 
 L'Kstrange. 
 
 To Countermine. r.<j. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To delve a pass,ige into an enemy's 
 mine, by which the powder may eva- 
 porate without miscliief. 
 
 2. To counterwork ; to defeat by secret 
 measures. 
 
 Thus infallibly it must be, if God do not mira- 
 culously (Mim(er>nin« us, aua do more for us than 
 we cm do against ourselves. DecavrfPietti. 
 
 Countermotion. n.s. [counter and 
 motion.] Contrary motion ; opposition 
 of motion. 
 
 riiat resistence is acountennotiim, or equivalent 
 to one, is plain by this, that any body which is 
 pressed, must iiee"ds press again on Ihe'boily that 
 presses it. Digbti on the Soul, 
 
 If any of the returning spirits shoufd hapinn to 
 fall foul upon others wliich are outwaiJ bound. 
 
 3 I 
 
 i25
 
 c o u 
 
 these conu(ernio((0n5 would •n-erset them, or occa- 
 sion H later Hrrival Cnllier. 
 
 CoLNTERMlj'KE. U.S. [coiitrcmur, Fr.] 
 A wall built up heliind another wall, to 
 supply its place. 
 
 The ijreat shut living thruugli the breach, tlid 
 beat down houses ; but theeojtnfermiirf, new built 
 again:st the breach, standing upon a lower ground, 
 it seldom touched. A'»o//cs. 
 
 Counterna'tural. a/IJ. [cou/iter and 
 tuilitrnl.] Contrary to nature. 
 
 A C(>nsunij)tion is a couiiterniitural hectick ex- 
 tcnuatiuu of the body. liarvcyon Consnmptiims. 
 
 CouNTERNo'lSE. 71.*. [counter and noisi'.] 
 A sound by which atiy other noise is 
 overpowered. 
 
 They endeavoured, cither h^' a constant succes- 
 sion ot" sensual delights, to charm and lull asleeii, 
 or else by a countermmc o( revellings and riotous 
 excesses to drown, the softer whispers of tlieir 
 Conscience. CuUimij's Sermons. 
 
 CoUNTERO'PENING. n. s. [cottufer and 
 opening;.] An aperture or vent on the 
 contrary side. 
 
 A tent, plugging up the orifice, would make llie 
 matter recur to the part disposed to receive it, and 
 mark the place for zcimntcroiieiung.Sltarp'sSurgeiy. 
 
 Counterpa'ce. U.S. [eounter and ^ace.] 
 Contrary measure ; attempts in opposi- 
 tion to any scheme. 
 
 When the least conntcrpaces are made to these 
 resolutions, it will then be time enough for our 
 malecontents. Suili. 
 
 Co'uNTERPANE. U.S. [contrepoint, I'r.] 
 A coverlet for a bed, or any thing else 
 woven in squares. It is sometimes 
 written, according to etymology, coun- 
 terpoint. 
 
 In ivor^' coffers 1 have stuff'd my crowns ; 
 In Cyprus chests my a.Tva.s couiitet^ianes. Shakesp. 
 
 Counterpa'rt. n. s. [coutiter and part.] 
 The correspondent part ; the part which 
 answers to another, as the two papers 
 of a contract ; the part which fits ano- 
 ther, as the key of a cypher. 
 
 In some things the laws of Normandy agreed 
 with the laws of England ; so that they seem to 
 be, as it were, copies or counterparts one of an- 
 other. Hate s Law of England. 
 
 An old fellow with a young wench, may pass 
 for a counterpart of this fable. UKsirange. 
 
 Oh counterpart 
 Of our soft sex ; well are you made our lords : 
 So bold, so great, so god-like are you form'd. 
 How can you love so silly things as women -Dnjci. 
 
 He is to consider the Ihouizht of his author, and 
 his words, and to find out the counterpart to each 
 in another language. VryJen. 
 
 In the discovery, the two different plots look 
 like counterparts and copies of one another. 
 
 Addisons Spectator. 
 
 Counterple'a. n. s. [from counter and 
 plea.] In law, a replication : as, if a 
 stranger to the action begun desire to be 
 admitted to say what he can for the safe- 
 guard of his estate, that which the de- 
 mandant allegeth against this request i^ 
 called a counlcrpha. Cowell. 
 
 To Counterplot, v. a. [counter and 
 plot.] To oppose one machination by 
 another; to obviate art bj' art. 
 
 Counterplot, n.s. [from the verb.] An 
 artifice opposed to an artifice. 
 
 The wolf that had a [jhjt upon the kid, was 
 confounded by ^ counterplot of the kid's upon the 
 wolf; and such a counterplot as the wolf, with all 
 his sagacity, was not able to smell oat.L'Estrange. 
 
 c o u 
 
 Co'UNTERPGiNT. n. s. A coverlet woven 
 in squares, commonly spoken counter- 
 pane. See Counterpane. 
 
 To Counterpoise, v. a. [counter and 
 poise.] 
 
 1. To counterbalance ; to be equi-ponde- 
 rant to ; to act against with equal weight. 
 
 Our spoils we have brought home 
 Do more than counterpoise a full third part 
 The charges of the action. Sliakesp. CorutUinus. 
 The foice and the distance of weights co«n(er- 
 pois//!^ one another, ought to be reciprocal. 
 
 Diglitjon the Soul. 
 
 2. To produce a contrary action by an 
 equal weight. 
 
 The heaviness of bodies nmst be countetyoised 
 by a plummet fastened about the pulley to the 
 axis. 11 ilkins. 
 
 3. To act with equal power against any 
 person or cause. 
 
 So many freeholders of English will be able to 
 beard ■dnd'locounter-iioise iherest.Spenseron hrlund. 
 
 Counterpoise, n.s. [from coun/t rand 
 
 poise.] 
 
 1 . Equijionderance ; equivalence of weight; 
 equal force in the opposite scale of the 
 balance. 
 
 Take her by the hand. 
 And tell her she is thine ; to whom I promise 
 A counteiyoUct if not in thy estate, 
 A balance more replete. 
 
 Shakesp. AlVs u-ell that ends irell. 
 Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a 
 metalline counterpoise itito the opposite scale. 
 
 Boi/te s Spring of' the Air. 
 
 2. The state of being pldced in the oppo- 
 site scale of the balance. 
 
 Tir Eternal hung forth his golden scales, 
 Wherein all things created first he weigh'd. 
 The pendulous round earth, with balanc'd air 
 In counterpoise. MUlon's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Equipollence : equivalence of power. 
 Ihe second nobles are a counterpoise to thehigher 
 
 nobility, that they grow not too potent. Bacon. 
 
 Their generals, by their credit in the army, 
 were, with the magistrates and other civil officers, 
 a sort of counterpoise to the power of the people. 
 
 Swilt. 
 COUNTERPO'ISON. n. s. [counter and 
 poison.] .\ntidote; medicine by which 
 the effects of poison are obviated. 
 
 Counlerpoisons must he adapted to the cause ; 
 for example, in poison from sublimate corrosive, 
 and arsenick. Arhuthnot. 
 
 Counterpre'ssure. n.s. [counter and 
 pressure.] Opposite force ; power act- 
 ing in contrary directions. 
 
 Does it not all mechanick heads confound, 
 That troops of atoms from all parts around. 
 Of equal immber, and of equal force. 
 Should to this single point direct their course ; 
 That so the counterpressnre ev'ry way. 
 Of equal vigour, might their motions stay. 
 And by a steady pause the « hole in quiet lay ? 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 Counterpro'ject. n.s. [counter and 
 project.] Correspondent part of a 
 scheme. 
 
 A clear reason \^■hy they never sent any forces 
 to S|>ain, and whv the obligation not to enter into 
 a treaty of peace with France, until that entire mo- 
 narchy was yielded as a preliminary, was struck 
 out of the connterprojcct by the Dutch. Swift. 
 
 TbCouNTERPRo'vE. r. a. [from counter 
 and prove.] To take off a design in black 
 lead, or red chalk, by passing it through 
 the rolling-press with another piece of 
 paper, both being moistened with a 
 sponge. Chambers. 
 
 c o u 
 
 To COUNTERROL. i-. a. [counter and 
 I'oll. This is now generally written as 
 it is spoken, control.] To preserve the 
 power of detecting frauds by another 
 account. 
 
 Counterro'lment. n s. [from counter- 
 7-ol.] A counter account ; eontrolment. 
 
 Tills m.anner of exercising of this otlicc, halh 
 many testimonies, interchangeable warrants, and 
 couiitoTo/mcnls, wliereofrach, running through the 
 hands, and resting in the power of many several 
 persons, is sufficiunt to argue and convince all 
 manner of falsehood. Bacon. 
 
 Co'unter.scarp n.s. [from fo?/?!/f;- and 
 scarp.] That side of the ditch which 
 is next the camp, or properly the 
 talus that supportrs the earth of the ca- 
 ver-way ; althouoji by this term is often 
 understood the whole covert-way, with 
 its parajH't and glacis : and so it is to be 
 understood when it is said the enemy 
 lodged themselves on the counterscarp, 
 
 Harris. 
 
 To Countersi'gn" v. a. [from counter 
 and sign.] To sign an order or patent 
 of asuperiour, in quality of secretary, to 
 render it more authentick. Thus charters 
 are signed by the king, and countersigtt- 
 edhy a secretary of state, or lord chan- 
 cellor. Cliamhers. 
 
 Counterte'nor. n.s. [from counter and 
 te7ior.] One of the mean or middle parts 
 of musick ; so called, as it were, oppo- 
 site to the tenor. Harris. 
 I am deaf: this deafness unqualifies me for all 
 company, except a few friends with countertenor 
 voices. Suifi. 
 
 Countertide. n.s. [counter and tide.] 
 Contrary tide ; fluctuations of the water. 
 
 Such were our counteiiidcs at land, and so 
 Presaging of the fata! blow. 
 In your prodigious ebb and flow. Dryden. 
 
 Counterti'me. n.s. [counter and time ; 
 contretemps, I'r.] 
 
 1. The defence or resistance of a horse, 
 that intercepts his cadence, and the inea- 
 sure of his manage. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 2. Defence ; opposition. 
 
 Let cheerfullness on happy fortune wait. 
 And give not thus the counlertimc to fate. 
 
 Dritdens An rengzeba. 
 
 Countertu'rn. n.s. [counter and turn.] 
 The catastasis. called by the Konians status, the 
 heigh and full growth of the play, we may call 
 properly the counterturn, which destroys that ex- 
 pectation, embroils the action in new difficulties, 
 and lea\es you far distant from tliat hope in which 
 it found you. Dryden on Vramatick Poe^. 
 
 To COUNTERV.VIL. v. a. [contra and 
 valeo, Lat.] To be equivalent to ; to have 
 equal force or value ; to act against with 
 equal power. 
 
 In some men there may be found such qualities 
 as are able to countervail those exceptions which 
 might be taken against them, and such men's 
 authority is not likely to be shaken off. Hooker. 
 
 And tberewithal he fiercely at him flew. 
 And with important outragehim assail'd ; 
 
 Who, soon prepar'd to field, his sword forth 
 drew. 
 And hira with equal valour countervailed. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 The outward streams, which descend, "must be 
 of 90 much force as to countervail all that weight 
 
 426
 
 c ou 
 
 wherebj the ascending side does exceed the other. 
 
 . W'ilkins's Dadatus. 
 
 We are to compute, that, upon balancinc the 
 
 account, the profit at last will hardly countenait 
 
 the iacouveiiiences thatgo along with it. 
 
 L'FMrange. 
 
 CounteRVA'il. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Equal weight; power or vahic suffi- 
 cient to obviate any effect or objection, 
 
 2. Tliat which has e(]ual weight or vahie 
 with something else. 
 
 Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a 
 poor countenail for tlie hitterncss of the review, 
 whicli begins w liere the action ends, and lasts fur 
 ever. Smith's Scrmoiis. 
 
 CouNTERViEW. n.s. [coii It t e r and Vie ii\] 
 
 1. Opposition; a posture in which two 
 persons front each other. 
 
 Mean while, ere thus was sinn'd and judg'd on 
 eurth. 
 Within the gates of hell sat Siii and Death, 
 In coniitervieic. Milton's Pur. Lost. 
 
 2. Contrast ; a position in Avhicli two dis- 
 similar things illustrate each other. 
 
 I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, 
 on purpose to place it in counterview or contrast 
 with that of liie other company. Suijt. 
 
 T(?Coi'NTERWORK. v. a. [coitntiT and 
 work*] To counteract ; to hinder any 
 effect by contrary operations. 
 But hcav'n's great view is one, and that the 
 whole : 
 Tliat countiruorks each folly and caprice ; 
 That disappoints lli' eliect of ev'ry vice. Pope. 
 Co'UNTESs. 7i,s. [comUissdf hat. comtt'ssey 
 Ft.] The lady of an earl or count. 
 
 I lake it, she tliat carries up the train. 
 Is liiat old noble lady, the duchess of Norfolk. 
 ■^It is, and all the rest are countesses. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 It is the peculiar happiness of the countess of 
 Abingdon to have been so truly loved by you 
 while she was living, and so gratefully honuurcd 
 after &he wds dead. Dn^den. 
 
 Co'UNTiNG-HOUSE. U.S. [coiuit and 
 kousv.] The room appropriated by tra- 
 ders to their books and accounts. 
 
 Wen in trade seldom think of laying out mone3' 
 upon land, till their profit has brought them in 
 more than their trade can weii employ ; and their 
 idle La.;s cumbering liieir countm^-houscs, put 
 them upun emptying them. Locke. 
 
 Co'uNTLEss. adj.[fvom.cotint.] Innume- 
 rable; without number; not to be reck- 
 oned. 
 
 Ay, tear for tear, and loving kiss for kiss, 
 Thy brother Marcus tenders on thy lij)5: 
 
 were the sum of these that I should pay 
 CountU!>siu\(\ infinite, yet woultl I pay Ihera. SAafc. 
 
 But oh, her mind, that orcus which includes 
 Legions of mischief, count/ess multitudes 
 Of former curses. Donne. 
 
 By uue countless sum of woes opprcst, 
 Iloaiy with cares, and ignorant of rest, 
 AVe find the vital springs relax'd and worn ; 
 llms, thro' tiie round^ of age, to c'uildhood we 
 return. Prior. 
 
 I see, I cried, his woes,?, countless train ; 
 
 1 see his friends o'erwhelm'd beneath the main. 
 
 Pope's Odysseii. 
 CO'UNTRY. «. s. [contn'e, Fr. conirath, 
 low Lat. supposed to be contracted from 
 cvidtnata.] 
 
 1 . A tract of land ; a region, as distin- 
 guislied from other regions. 
 
 Thoy require to be examined concerning the 
 dfscii^ lions uftliosecuu/ifWfj of which the V wouM 
 be inionued. " Spvatt. 
 
 2, The parts of a region distant from ci- 
 ties or courts ; rural parts. 
 
 _\\ ould I a house for happiness erect, 
 jNature alone should be tile arcliitect 
 
 c o u 
 
 She' build it more convenient than great, 
 And duubllt^ss in Ihc countrt/ chuse her seat. 
 
 CoiWci/- 
 
 I see them hurry from countri/ to town, and then 
 
 from the town back agaiji iiilo llic Ci>uii(ri/. Spcrt. 
 
 3. The place which any man inhabits, 
 
 or in whicli he at present resides. 
 
 Send out more horses, sliirre tlie cnnntnj round, 
 Ilan^ tliose lliat l.ilk of fear. Shakcsp. Macbith. 
 
 4. 'I'he place of one's birth ; the native 
 soil. 
 
 Tlie king set on foot a reformation in the orna- 
 ments and advantaj^es of our countrt^. Sifrtitl. 
 
 save my country, hcav'ii ! shall be your la>t. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. The inhaljitants of any region. 
 
 All the countrij, in a general voice. 
 Cried hate upon hini ; all tlieir jirav'rs and love 
 Were set on Hereford. khaltesp. Henri/ IV. 
 
 Cou'ntby. adj. 
 
 1. Itustick; rural; villatick. 
 
 Cannot a ^intntrii wentii know, that, having re- 
 CL-ived a shilling from one that owes her three, 
 and a shilling also fn.ui another lh,-it ones her 
 three, the remaining debts in each of their hands 
 are equal ? Livke. 
 
 1 never meant anv other, than that Mr. Trot 
 should confine himself to ruuntri/ dances. A))frta(or. 
 
 He Cfunes no nearer to a positive, clear idea of 
 a positive infinite, than the countrii fellow had of 
 the water which was yet to pass ilie channel of 
 the river where he stood. Loche. 
 
 Talk but with conntnj people, or young people, 
 and you shall find that the notions they apply 
 this name to, are so odd, lliat nobody can"in)ai;ine 
 they were taught by a rational man. Locke. 
 
 A couiitr;/ gentleman, learning Latin in the uni- 
 versity, removes thence to his mansion-house 
 
 Locke. 
 
 The lt>w meclianicks of a countri/ town do some- 
 what outdo hiiu. ^ LiK-ke. 
 
 Come, we'll e'en to our coiintry seat repair. 
 The native home of innocence aiid love. Xorris. 
 
 2. Of an interest opposite to that of courts : 
 as, the country j)arty. 
 
 3. Pectiliar to a region or people. 
 
 .She laughing the cruel tyrant to scorn, spake in 
 her country language. 2 ^loccabees, vii. 27. 
 
 4. Rude ; ignorant ; untaught. 
 
 We make a country man dumb, whom we will 
 not allow to speak but by the rules of grammar. 
 
 Vrijdeiis Dufresnou. 
 
 Co'uNTRYMAN. n. s. [frona countrij and 
 man^ 
 
 1 . One born in the same country, or tract 
 ofground. Locke. 
 
 See, who comes here ? 
 Aly countryman; but yet 1 know him not. 
 
 Shakcsp. Macbeth. 
 Homer, great b.ard ! so fate ordain'd, arose ; 
 And, bold as wore his countri/men in fight, 
 
 Snatcir<l iheir fair actions tlom degrading prose. 
 And set their battles in eternal light. Prhr. 
 
 The British soldiers .act with greater viiour 
 under the conduct of one w hom thev do not con- 
 sider only as their leader, but as therreountri/nwn. 
 Add^sononthe War. 
 
 2. A rustick; one that inhabits the rural 
 parts. 
 
 All that have business to the court, and all 
 countrymen coming up to the city, leave their 
 wives In the country. Gi-aiiiil. 
 
 3. A fanner ; a husbandman. 
 
 jV countryman took a boar in his corn. L'Est. 
 Co'uNTY. n.s. [comic, Fr.comitatiis, Lat,] 
 1. Ashiro; that is, a circuit or portion of 
 the realm, into which the whole land is 
 divided, for the administration of jus- 
 tice ; so that there is no p.trt of the king- 
 dom but what lieth within some cotinti/. 
 Every counti/ is go\erned by a j'early 
 officer, called a sheriff, who puts in cxe- 
 
 c o u 
 
 cution all the commands and judgments 
 of the king's courts. Of these ceiinlics 
 four are termed coimty-palatines, as that 
 of Lancaster, Chester, Durham, and 
 Ely. A crjuntj'-palatine is a jurisdiction 
 of so higb a nature, that the chief go- 
 vernor of these, by special charter from 
 the king, sent out all writs in their own 
 name; and did all things touching jus- 
 tice .as :ib.solutely as the prince him.self, 
 only acknowledging him their sui;erior 
 and sovereign. But this power lias, by 
 a statute in Henry NIIL his time, been 
 much abridged. There are likewise 
 counties corporate, which are cert.iin ci- 
 ties or ancient boroughs upon \^iich our 
 princes have thought gootl to bestow ex- 
 traordinary lil)crties. Of these London 
 is one, York anotlier, the city of Chester 
 a third, and Canterbury a fourth. And 
 to these may be addeil many more ; as 
 the county of the town of Kingston upon 
 Hull, the county of the town of Haver- 
 fordwest, and the county of LitchfiehL 
 County is, in another signification, used 
 for the county court. Coivcll. 
 
 Discharge your powers unto their several coun- 
 ties, 
 A* we will onrs. Shakesp. ilcnry IV. 
 
 He caught his death the last cnunti; sessions, 
 where he would go to see justice done to a poor 
 widow-woman, and her faUierless childnn. 
 
 Adduon's Spectator, 
 2. An earldom. 
 
 8. [Com/J^c.] .^ count; a lord. Nowwhol- 
 ly obsolete. 
 
 The gallant, young, and noble gentleman. 
 The countii Pans. Shakcsp. fiomeo and Juliet. 
 
 He made Hugh Lupusroiinlu palatine of Ches- 
 ter, and gave that earldom to him and his heirs, 
 to hold the same, ita lihere ad gladium, sicut m 
 tenehot .ingliam ad coroiiam. Davies. 
 
 COUPEE, n.s. [Fr.] A motion in danc- 
 ing, when one leg is a little bent and 
 suspended from the ground, and with 
 the other a motion is made forwards. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 COLTLE. n.s. [couple, Fr, copula, Lat.] 
 
 1. A chain or tie that holds dogs together. 
 
 I'll keep ray stable-stand where 
 I lodge my wife ; I'll go In coitplcs with her. 
 Than when I feel and see no further trust her. 
 
 .Shakesp. 
 
 It is in some sort with friends as it is with dngs 
 
 hi couples; they should be of tlie same size and 
 
 humour. L'Lstrange. 
 
 2. Two; a brace. 
 
 He was taken up by a couple of shepherds, and 
 by them brought to life again. iHdneu. 
 
 A schoolmaster, who shall leach my son ami 
 your, I will provide; vea, ihouiib tlie three do 
 cost me a c^'up'e of liundred pounds. jischam. 
 
 A piece of crystal inclosed a couple of droj'S, 
 which looked like water w hen they were shaken, 
 though perhaps they are uothing'but bubbles of 
 air. Addistm on halt/. 
 
 By adding one to one, we have the complex 
 idea of a couple. Lock^, 
 
 3. A male and his female. 
 So shall all the couples three. 
 
 Ever true in loving (w. Shak. Vids. Xight's Dr. 
 
 Oh : alas! 
 I lost a c^niple, that 'tw ixt heaven and earth 
 I\Iight thus have stood, begetting wonder, as 
 Vou gracious couple do. Shak. II iiKcr's Tale. 
 
 I have read of a feigned commonwealUi, where 
 the married couple are permittet , before they con- 
 tract, to see cue another naked. Bac. Neic Ailantit. 
 
 «7
 
 C O u 
 
 He said : llie careful couple jciiii llielr tc.irs, 
 Aiui llien invoke the gods with pious pravcrs. 
 
 Dnjfhn. 
 
 All succeeding generations of men arc the pro- 
 gen.v of one primitive couple. Ikiitlcti'sSa-mous. 
 
 Tu Couple, v. a. [copitlo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To chain topjether. 
 
 Huntsman, Icharge tliee, lender well myhounds; 
 And cD»;)fc Clow derwith the dccp-moutird Brjeli. 
 
 Sholicap. 
 
 2. To join one to another. 
 
 What greater ills have the heav'iis in store, 
 To ciiM/j/t' couiin« harms with sorrow past. Sidncy- 
 
 And wheresoe er we went, like .luno's swans, 
 Still we went coupled and inseparable. 
 
 Shakesp. Astiou tike it. 
 
 Put the taches into the loups, and couple the 
 tent together that it may he one.Erorfiis, x.wi. 11. 
 
 They behold your cluiste conversation coupled 
 with fear. 1 Peter, iii. '2. 
 
 Their concernments were so coupled, lliat if na- 
 ture had nut, yet their religions would have made 
 them brothersr Sii»(/i. 
 
 ■J'hat man makes a mean figure in the eyes of 
 reason, wlio is measuring syllables and coupling 
 rliimes, when he should he mending his own soul, 
 and securing liis own innuurtality. Pope. 
 
 3. To marry ; to wed ; to join in wedlock. 
 
 I shall rejoice to see j'ou so coupled, as may be 
 fit both for your iionour and your satisfaction. 
 
 Sidnetf. 
 
 I am just going to assist with the archbishop, in 
 degrading a parson who couples all our beggars, by 
 which I sliall make one happy man. Suijt. 
 
 To Co'uPLE. t'. w. To join in embraces. 
 
 Waters in Africa, being rare, divers sorts of 
 beasts come from several parts to drink ; and so 
 being refreshed, fall to couple, and many times 
 with'several kinds. Bacon. 
 
 Thou, with thy lusty crew. 
 Cast wanton eyes on the daughters of men, 
 And coupled with them, and begot a race. 
 
 Miltoiis Paradise Regained. 
 That great variety of brutes in Africa, is by rea- 
 son of tlie meeting together of lirutes of several 
 species at water, and the promiscuous couplings of 
 males and females of several species. 
 
 Hale's Originfj'Mankind. 
 After this alliance, 
 Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with 
 
 sheep. 
 And every creature couple with his foe. 
 
 Vryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 Couple-beggar. 71. s. [coupli: and bcg- 
 gai:] One that makes it his business to 
 marry beffgars to each other. 
 
 No couple-beggar in the land 
 E'er join d such numbers hand in hand. Swift. 
 
 Co'uPLET. n. s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. Two verses; a pair of rhymes. 
 
 Then would tl'.ey cast away their pipes, and 
 holding hand in hand, dance by the only cadence 
 of their voices, which they would use in singing 
 some short couplets, w hereto the one half bcgin- 
 nint:, the otlier half should answer. Sidney. 
 
 Then at the last, an only couplet fraught 
 With some unmeaning tbmg they call a thought; 
 A needless Alexandrine ends the song, 
 That like a wounded snake drags its slow length 
 along. Pojie. 
 
 in Pope I cannot read a line. 
 
 But with a sigh I wish it mine j 
 
 "When he can in one couplet fix 
 
 ]\Iore sen*e tlian I can do in six. 
 
 It gives nie such a jealous fit, 
 
 I cry. Pox take him and his wit I Suift. 
 
 2. A pair as of doves. 
 
 Ant.n, as patient as the female dove, 
 Ere that her golden couplets are disclos'd. 
 His silence will sit drooping. Shah. Hamlet. 
 
 CO'UR.^GE. n.s. [coutage.Tr.fromcoi; 
 Lat.] Bravery ; active fortittide ; spirit 
 of enterpiize. 
 
 The king-becoming graces, 
 "Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude, 
 I have no relish of them. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 GOV 
 
 Their discii>line 
 Now miuirle 1 with their coiirajc. Shakesp. Cymhel. 
 
 Hope arj.s their coitrage; from their tow'rs 
 they throw 
 Their darts with double force, and drive the foe. 
 
 Drijden . 
 
 Courage, that grows from constitution, very of- 
 ten forsal;es a man when he has occasion for it ; 
 and when it is only a kind of instinct in the soul, 
 it breaks out on a[l occasions, without judgment 
 or discretion. That emirate which arises from the 
 sense of our dnlv, and from (be fear of offending 
 Him that made" us, acts always in an uniform 
 manner, and according to the dictates of right rea- 
 son. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 Nothing Init the want of common courage was 
 the cause of their misfortunes. Swift. 
 
 Coura'gkous. adj. [from co«r« "■<;.] 
 
 1 . Brave ; daring ; bold ; enterprizing ; 
 adventurous ; hardy ; stout. 
 
 And he that is courageous among the mighty, 
 shall lice awiiy naked in that day. Amos, ii. 1(). 
 
 Let us imi'iate the courageous example of .St. 
 Paul, who chose tl.cn to magnify his office when 
 ill men conspired to lessen it. Alterhury. 
 
 2. It is used ludicrously by Sfiake.'ipearc 
 for outrageous. 
 
 He is very cimra^eeus mad about his throwing 
 into (he water. Shakesp. 
 
 Courageously, adv. [from cvuragcous.] 
 Bravely ; stoutly ; boldly. 
 
 The king the next day presented him battle up- 
 on the plain, the fieltis there being open and 
 champaign: the carl conrageouslii amo down, and 
 joined battle with hint. Sacon's HenryXll. 
 
 Coura'geousness. 71. s. [t'vom cotirage- 
 ous.] Bravery; boldness; spirit; cou- 
 rage. 
 
 Nicaunr, hearing of the manliness and the cou- 
 rngfo»s;!fS5 that they had to liMit for their country, 
 durst not try the matter by the sword. 
 
 2 Maccabees, xiv. 18. 
 
 Coura'nt. J n. s. [coiirante, Fr.] Sec 
 Coura'nto. J" Corant. 
 
 1. A nimble dance. 
 
 I'll like a maid the better, while I have a tooth 
 in my head : why, he is able to lead her a cou- 
 raivto. ' Shakesp. 
 
 2. Any thing that spreads quick, as a pa- 
 per of news. 
 
 To CouRB. I'. 71. [cotirber, Fr.] To bend ; 
 to bow; to stoop in supplication. Not 
 
 in use. 
 
 In the fatness of these pursy times, 
 Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg. 
 Yea, courb and woo, for leave to do it good. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Co'urier. 71. s. [courier, Fr.] A messen- 
 ger sent in haste ; an express ; a runner. 
 
 I met a courier, one mine ancient friend. 
 
 Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 This thing the wary Bassa well perceiving, by 
 
 speedy coiirio'S advertised Snlynian of the enemy s 
 
 purpo'se, requesting him with" all speed to repair 
 
 with his army toTauris. Knolles's History. 
 
 COURSE, n. s. [course, Fr. ciirsiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Race; career. 
 
 And some she arms with sinewy force, 
 And some with swiftness in the course. Coidey. 
 
 2. Passage from place to place ; progress. 
 To this mr.y be referred, the course of a 
 
 river. 
 
 And when wc had finished our course from Tyre, 
 we canje to Ptolemais. Acts, xxi. 7. 
 
 A light, by which the Argive squadron steers 
 Their silent course to Ilium's well known shore. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 3. Tilt; act of running in the lists. 
 
 But this hot knight was cooled with a fall, 
 which, at the third course, he received of Phalan- 
 lus, Sidney. 
 
 COU 
 
 4. Ground on ^vhich a race is run. 
 
 5. Track or line in wliich a ship sails, or 
 any motion is performed. 
 
 6. Sail ; means by which the course is per- 
 formed. 
 
 Tu ilie courses -wq Ikivc devised studdinfr-sails, 
 sprit-siiils, and lop-snils. Haldgh's F.&sayf. 
 
 7. Progress from one gradation to ano- 
 ther; process. 
 
 When I lie state of tlie controversy is plainly de- 
 teruiinu<l, it must not he altered liy another dis- 
 putant in the course uf tlic disputation. Watts. 
 
 8. Order of succession ; as, evei't/ one in 
 his course. 
 
 If any man speak in an unknown tonc^ue, let it 
 be bv two, or at the most by three, anS that by 
 coursL', and let one interpret., 1 Cor. xiv. 2f. 
 
 9. Stated and orderly method or manner. 
 
 If she live loniz. 
 And in the end meet the old course of dcatli, 
 Women will all turn mon.sters.S/iu/iTs;). King Lear. 
 
 I'he duke cannot deny the course uf law. Shuk. 
 
 If God, by his revealed declaraliun. first cave 
 rule to any man, he, that will claim by that Ulle, 
 must have the same positive grant of God for his 
 succession; for, if it has not directed thenxa-scof 
 its de-^cent and cunve_)ance, no bod^' can succeed 
 to this title of the first ruler. Loche. 
 
 10. Series of successive and methodical 
 procetlurc. 
 
 The glands did resolve during her course of 
 
 physick, and she continueth very well to this day, 
 
 Wiscmaji's Surgcru. 
 
 11. The elements of an art exhibited and 
 explained, in a methodical series. Hence 
 our courses of philosophy, anatomy, chy- 
 mistry, and mathematicks. Chambers. 
 
 12. Conduct; manner of proceedii^g-. 
 
 Grittiis, perceiving the danger he was in, hcj,':ia 
 to doubt with himself what course were best tor 
 hiiu to take, Knnlies. 
 
 That worthy deputy finding; nothing but a cunv- 
 mon misery, took the best course he p(fS5i!jly Cuuld 
 to establish a commonwealth in Ireland. 
 
 Dalies on Irehtml. 
 
 He placed commissioners there, who governed 
 it only in a course of discretion, part marliid, part 
 civil. Davieson Ireland. 
 
 Give willingly wliat I can take by force ; 
 And know, obedience is your safest Ciiurse. 
 
 Drydens Auren^zt'he. 
 
 But if a risht course be taken with children, 
 there will not be so much need of common rewards 
 and punishmenls. Locke. 
 
 'Tis time we should decree 
 AA'liat course to take. Addisoiis Cato. 
 
 The senate observing how, in all contentions, 
 they were forced to yield to the tribunes and peo- 
 ple, thought it their wisest course to give way also 
 to time. Swift. 
 
 13. Method of life; train of actions. 
 
 A woman of so working a mind, and so vehe- 
 ment spirits, as it was happ3' she look a good 
 course ; or otherwise it would have been terrible. 
 
 Siducu. 
 His addiction was to curses vain ; 
 His companies unlotter'd, rude, and shallow ; 
 His hours fill'd up with riots, banquets, sports. 
 
 Shakes}} Henry y. 
 As the dropsy-man, the more he drinks, the 
 drier he is, and the more lie still desires to drink ; 
 even so a sinner, the more he sins, tlie apter is he 
 to sin, and more desirous to keep still a course la 
 wickedness. _ Perkins. 
 
 Men will say, 
 That beauteous Emma vagrant cm/r.s'es took, 
 Her fadier's house and civil life forsook. PruT. 
 
 14. Natural bent ; uncontrolled M*ill, 
 
 It is best to leave nature to her course, who is 
 the sovereign physician in most diseases. Temple. 
 
 So ev'ry servant took his course. 
 And, bad at lirst, they all grew worse. Prior. 
 
 428
 
 c o u 
 
 15. Catamenia. 
 
 The sto(>|)aue i.f women's rniirspj, ifnot siuld.n- 
 ly looked to.'bcts Iheiu umloul)ledl_v into a con- 
 sumplion, dropsy, or some olher dangerous ili^ 
 gjjg Iluncy on CoH$umplii>iis 
 
 16. Orderly sti-ucture. 
 
 The toiifinc dctileth the whole body, and set- 
 teth on lire''thc ci'iiiK of nature. Jamei, in. (> 
 
 17. [In architecture.] \ continued range 
 of stones, level or of the same height, 
 tluoughout the whole length of the 
 building, and not interrupted by aiiy 
 aperture. Harris 
 
 18. Series of consequences. 
 
 19. N umber of dishes set on at once upon 
 
 the table. 
 
 Worthy Sir, thou blicJ'st, 
 Thy exircise liath hern too violent 
 For a stcoud course of figlit. Shakcsp. Cimolaivis. 
 
 Then with a second course the tables load. 
 And with full chargers offer to the god. 
 
 JJri/dei' s .-Ertcirt. 
 You are not to wash vour hands till after you 
 have sent up your seconS course. 
 
 Swift's Directii'iis lo t he Cook. 
 So quick retires each Hying course, you'd sivtar 
 Sancho's dread doctor an"d his »aud were tlierc 
 
 Pope. 
 
 20. Regularity ; settled rule. 
 
 21. Empty form. 
 
 Men l:ilk as if they believed in God, but they 
 live as if ihey thought there was none ; their vows 
 aiid promises are no more tliaii words of course. 
 
 L'Estraiise. 
 
 K2. Of course. By consequence. 
 
 With a mind unprepossessed by doctors and 
 coranicntators of any seel, whose reasonings, in- 
 terpretation, and language, which I have been 
 ' used to, will of course make all chirae that way ; 
 and make a'noiher, and perhaps the genuine 
 reaniiig of the author, seem harsh, strained, and 
 uiicouth to me. Locke. 
 
 S3. Of course. By settled rule. 
 
 Sense is of course ainiex'd to wealth and power ; 
 No muse is proof against a golden shower. Garth. 
 
 Neither sliall I be so far wanting to myself, as 
 not to desire a patent, granted qf'course to all use- 
 ful projectors. Siti/I. 
 
 To Course, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To hunt; to pursue. 
 
 The hill round tears 
 Cours'd one another down his iimocent nose 
 In piteous chase. Shakcsp.. is you like it. 
 
 The king is hunting the deer ; 1 am coursing 
 myself. Shakcsp. Love's Labour Lost 
 
 '\^'here's the thane of Cawdor ? 
 We coursed him at the heels, and had a purpose 
 To be his pur^'eyor. Shakcsp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. To pursue with dogs that hunt in view. 
 
 It wuuld be tried also in flying of hawks, or in 
 coursing of a deer, or hart, with greyhounds. 
 
 Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 I am continually starting hares for you to course ; 
 we were certainly cut out for one another ; for mv 
 temper quits an amour just where thine takes it 
 u^j. . CoH^-ei'e"s OUl Bachelor. 
 
 8. To put to speed ; to force to run. 
 
 When they have an appetite 
 To venery, let them not drink nor cat. 
 And course them oft, and tire them in the heat. 
 
 Moy's ]'irg'U. 
 
 To Course, r. n. To run ; to rove about. 
 
 Swift as quicksilver it courses through 
 Tlie nat'ral gates and alleys of the body. 
 
 Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 The blood, before cold and settled, left the liver 
 white and pale, which is the badge of pusillani- 
 mity and cowardice ; but the sherris warms it, 
 and makes it course from the inwards to the parts 
 eitreme. _ Shakes]). Hen. 1\ . 
 
 She did so course o'er roy ctteriours, with such 
 
 c u 
 
 a erccdy intention, that the appetite of her cn'c 
 d;ti btciii to scorch mv u\> like h btirnint»-i;lass. ' 
 Shakesp. Mcriy WiifSot'Windnyr. 
 Ten brace and nuire of greyhounds, *"nu\vy fair, 
 And tull as stags, ran lu<>&c> and cours'd apjuud 
 his ctmir. Dr\)dtn. 
 
 All, at once 
 R'_'!apsiny quick, as quickly rf-asccnd 
 Add iiiiv, and thwart, extillt:ur'^h, nnd renew. 
 All ether coursing in a maze oflii^ht. 
 
 Thomson's Autumn. 
 
 [from course ; coursier ; 
 a word 
 
 C.OURSER. TlsS. 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. A swift horse; a war horse 
 not used in prose. 
 
 He proudly pricketh on his courser strong. 
 And Alin ay him pricks with spurs of shame ar.d 
 wrong. Spenser. 
 
 Then to his absent ^ucst t!'e king decreed 
 A pairof coinsers, boruof heav'nly breed ; 
 "Who from iluir nostrils breath'd etherial fire. 
 Whom Circe stole from her celestial sire. 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 
 Th* impatient coarser pants in every vein, 
 And, pawing, J^cems to beat the distant plain; 
 Hills, vales, and fl-jods appear already cross'd, 
 And, ere he starts, a thousand steps are lost.Pojje. 
 
 2. One who pursues the sport of coursing 
 hares. 
 
 A leash is a leathern thon^, bv which a falconer 
 
 hulds bis hawk, or a courser lea^s his gre3"hound. 
 
 Hanmcr. 
 
 COURT, n, s, [cour, Tr. koerf, Dut. cur- 
 ds, low Lat.] 
 
 1. The place where the prince resides; 
 the palace. 
 
 Here do you keep a hundred knights and 
 squires, 
 Men so disorderly, so debauch 'd and bold. 
 That this our court, infected "ith their manners, 
 Shews like a riotous inn ; epicurism and iust 
 IVIake it more like a tavern, or a brothel, 
 Than a t^rac'd palace. tShakgsp. King Lear. 
 
 It shall be an habltalion of dragons, and a court 
 for owls. Isaioh, xxvi. 13. 
 
 His exactness, that every man should have bis 
 due, was such, that you would think he had never 
 seen a court: the politeness with which this jus- 
 lice was administered, would convince vou he ne- 
 ver had lived out of one. Prior s dedication. 
 
 A suppliant to your royal court I come. 
 
 Pope's OJyssci/- 
 
 2. The hall or chamber where justice is 
 administered. 
 
 Are you acquainted with the difference 
 That holds this present question in the court ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 St. Paul being brought unto the highe<itcii»rt m 
 Alliens, to give an account of (he doctrine he had 
 preached concerning Jesus and the resurrection, 
 took occasion to imprint on those magistrates a 
 future stale. Attcrbury. 
 
 3. Open space before a house. 
 You must have, befure you come to the front, 
 
 three courts : a green court plain, with a wall 
 about it ; a second court of the same, but more 
 garnished, with little turrets, or other emheil^^ll- 
 ments, upon the wall ; and a third court, to square 
 with the front, not to be built but incluacd "iib a 
 naked wall. Bacm. 
 
 Suppose it were the king's bedchamber, yet the 
 meanest man in the tragedy must come and dis- 
 patch his business, rather 'than in the lobby or 
 court yard (which is fitter for him) for fear* the 
 stage auould be cleared, and the scenes brukcn. 
 
 Ihyden. 
 
 4. A small opening inclosed with houses, 
 and paved with broad stones, distin- 
 guished from a street. 
 
 5. Persons who compose the retinue of a 
 prince. 
 
 Their wisdom was so highly esteemed, that 
 some of them were always employed to follow the 
 courts of tlieir kings, to advise them. Temple. 
 
 ecu 
 
 3. Persons who are assembled for the aiJ- 
 ministration of jtistice 
 
 7. Any jurisdiction, military, civil, or ec- 
 clesiastical. 
 
 If any noise or soldier you perceive 
 Xcar to thi wall, by Kinic apparent sign 
 Let us l;avc knowledge at the cnurt of guard. 
 
 Shak. Utnry VI. 
 The archbishop 
 Of Canterbury, accompanied with other 
 Learned and reverend fathers of his order. 
 Held a late court at Dunstable. Shak. llenWll. 
 
 I have at last met with the procecdinii* of rliu 
 court baron held in that belnlf. Spectator. 
 
 8. The art of pleasing ; the art of insinu- 
 ation. 
 
 Him the prince with gentle court did board. 
 
 Sprnvr. 
 
 Hast thou been never base? Did love iic'cf 
 bend 
 Thy frailer \-irtue to betray thy friend ? 
 Flatter me, make thy court, and say it did ; 
 Kings ijia crowd would have their vices liid. 
 
 Drydens Aurertgzehe. 
 
 Some sort of people, placing a great part of 
 their happiness in strong drink, are always for- 
 ward to make coiirt to my young master, by offer- 
 in" that which they love best ihemsclvcs. Locke. 
 
 I have been considering why poets have such 
 ill success in making their court, since they are 
 allowed to be the greate-t and best of all flatterers : 
 the defect is, that they flatter otJy in print or in 
 writing. Sirr^itoGny. 
 
 9. It is ofien used in composition in most 
 of its senses. 
 
 To Court, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To woo; to solicit a woman to mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Follow a shadow, it flics yoo ; 
 Seem to fly it, it will pursue : 
 So court a mistress, she denies you ; 
 L,et her alone, she will court vou. BenJortt. Fomt. 
 
 Fir'd with her love, and with atubition led. 
 The neighb'ring princes court her nuptial bed. 
 
 Dr^idens .Eneid. 
 Alas ! Sempronius, wonldst thon talk of love 
 To Marcia, whilst her father's life's in danger ? 
 Thou itiight'st as well court the pale Irciubling 
 
 vestal. 
 While she beholds the holy flame expiring.^ 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 Ev'n now, when silent scorn is all they gain, 
 A thousand court you, though they court in rain. 
 
 Popi. 
 
 2. To solicit ; to seek. 
 
 Their own ease and satisfaction would quickly 
 teach children to court cor.nnendaiion, and avoid 
 doing what they found condemned. 
 
 I^vkeon EduezticTi. 
 
 3. To flatter; to endeavour to please. 
 
 CoURT-CHAPLAlN. U.S. [court And chap- 
 lain.] One who attends the king to ce- 
 lebrate the holy offices. 
 
 The maids of honour have been fully convinced 
 by a fatuous court-chaplain. Suiji. 
 
 Court- DAY. n.s. [four? and rfc^.] Day 
 on which justice is solemnly adminis- 
 tered. 
 
 The judge took time to deliberate, and the next 
 court-daii he spoke. Arbuthnol ami Fiype. 
 
 CouRT-DRESSER. »i. s. [courl and dress- 
 er.] One that dresses the court, or per- 
 sons of rank ; a flatterer. 
 
 There are many ways of fallacy ; such arts of 
 giving colours, appearances.and resemblances, by 
 this court-dresscr, fancy. ]*vkc. 
 
 Court-favour, ti.s. Favours or bene- 
 fivs bestowed by princes. 
 
 We part with the blessings of both worlds for 
 pleasure-*, court/iiaiurs, arid commissions ; and 
 at last, w hen we have sold ourselves to our lusts, 
 we grow sick of our bargain. L'Estrang*. 
 
 4:29
 
 c o u 
 
 Court-hand. n,s. [court and /itfwrf.] 
 The hand or manner of writing used in 
 records and judicial proceedings. 
 
 He can make obligations, and write court-hand. 
 
 Shukcsp. 
 
 Court-lady. ?i.s. [court and lad j/.] A 
 
 lady conversant or employed in court. 
 
 The same studv. I^nj; contiimed, is as intolcr- 
 abK' to them, as the appcaiiu'j; iuiig in the same 
 clothes or fasliioii is to a court'lady. Locke. 
 
 Co'l'RTEOUS. adj. [courfoisj Fr.] Elegant 
 of manners ; polite ; Avell-bred ; full of 
 acts of respect. 
 
 He hath deserved wortliily of his country ; and 
 his ascent is not by such easy degrees, as those 
 who liave been supple and courteous to tiie people, 
 Shah. Covioliinus. 
 Tlicy are one while courteous, civil, and oblig- 
 ing ; but, within a small lime after, are superci- 
 ]iou5, sharp, troublesome, fierce, and exceptions. 
 
 South. 
 
 Co'uRTEOUSLY. adv, [from courteous.] 
 RespeclfuUy ; civilly ; complaisautly. 
 
 He thought them tu be gentlemen df imicli more 
 vorlh than tlicir habits bewrayed, ;)et he let them 
 courteously pass. W'otton. 
 
 Wiiilst Christ was upon earth, he was not only 
 easv of access, he did not only cofirfctius/i/ receive 
 all that addressed themselves to him, lnit also did 
 not disdain himself to travel up and down the 
 country. Cida in ifs Sermons. 
 
 Alcinons, being prevailed upon by the glory of 
 his name, entertanied liim courteously. Broome. 
 
 CouRTEOUSNESS. U.S. [from coiirteous.] 
 
 Civility ; complaisance. 
 Co'URTESAN. \ 7KS. [cortisana,\ovf "Lat.] 
 Co'uRTEZAN. J A v/oman of the town; a 
 prostitute ; a strumpet. 
 'Tis a brave night to cool a courtezan- 
 Shah. King Lear. 
 "With them there are no stews, no dissolute 
 houses, no courtesans, nor any thing of that kind ; 
 nay they wonder, with detestation, at you in Eu- 
 rope, wliich permit such things. 
 
 Bacon's New Atlantic. 
 
 The Corinthian is a column lasciviously decked 
 
 liltc a courtezan. Walton, 
 
 Charixus, the brother of Sappho, in love with 
 
 Rhodo|je the courtezan, spent his whole estate 
 
 upon her. Addison. 
 
 Co'URTESY. 71. s, [courfoisie, Fr. co7'i€- 
 sia^ Ital.] 
 
 1. Elegance of manners; civility; com- 
 plaisance. 
 
 Sir, you are very welcome to our house : 
 It nuist appear in oilier ways tlian words, 
 Tiierefore I scant this breat hing courtesy. 
 
 Shaktsp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 Who have seen his estate, his hospitality, his 
 courtesy to strangers. Peacham. 
 
 He, who was compounded of all the elennnts 
 of aflabilily and courtesy towards all kind of peo- 
 ple, brought himself to a habit of neglect, and 
 even of rudeness, towards the queen. Clarendon. 
 
 Courtesy is sooner found in lowly shades 
 With smoky rafters, tlian in tap'stry halls, 
 And courts of princes, whence it first was nam'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 So gentle of condition was he known. 
 That through the court his courtesy was blown. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 2. An act of civility or respect. 
 
 You spnrn'd me such a day ; another time 
 You call d me dog ; and, for these courtesies, 
 I'll lend you thus much nioney. 
 
 Shakcsp. Merchant (^Venice. 
 Repose you there, while I to the hard house 
 Return, and force their scanted court-sy. 
 
 Shcikesp.'King Lear. 
 When I was last at Lxeter, 
 The mayor in couitesi/shew'd me the castle. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 C O U 
 
 Sound all the lofty instruments of war, 
 And by that niusick let us all embrace ; 
 For heav'n to earth some of us never shall 
 A second time do such a courtesy. 
 
 Sliakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Otlier states, assurcdIy,cannot hejustly accused 
 for not staying for thelirst blow; or for not ac- 
 cepting Polyphcmus's courtesy, to be the last tliat 
 siiail be eaten uj). Bacon. 
 
 3. I'he reverence made by women. 
 
 Some country girl, scarce to a conrt'sy bred. 
 Would I much rather tlnn Cornelia wed ; 
 If, supercilious, haughty, proud, and vain, 
 She brought her father's triumphs in her train. 
 
 JJrydeiis Juvenal. 
 
 The poor creature was as full of courtesies as if 
 I had been her guduiother: the truth on 't is, 1 
 endeavoured to make her look something Chris- 
 tian-like. Congreve's Old l^achelor. 
 
 4. A tenure, not of right, but by the fa- 
 vour of others ; as, to hold upon cour- 
 tesy. 
 
 5. Courtesy of England. A temn-e by 
 which, if a man marry an inheritrix , 
 tliat is, a woman seised of land, and get- 
 teth a child of her that comes alive into 
 the vi'orld, though both the child and 
 his wife die forthwith, yet, if she were 
 in possession, shall he keep the land dur- 
 ing his life, and is called tenant per le- 
 gem Angl{e, or by the courtesy of Eng- 
 land. Coivell. 
 
 T(> Co'uRTESY. v.n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To perform an act of reverence: it is 
 now only used of women. 
 
 Toby approaches, and courCsies there to me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The petty traffickers, 
 That courVsy to them, do them reverence. Shak. 
 
 2. To make a reverence in the manner of 
 ladies. 
 
 If I should meet her in my way. 
 We hardly court'sif to each otlier. Prior. 
 
 Co'uRTiER. 71. s. [i'vom court] 
 
 1 . One that fi-equeuts or attends the courts 
 of princes. 
 
 lie hath been a courtier, he swears. ■■ ' 
 If any man doubts that, let him put me to my 
 purgation. 1 have trod a measure ; f have flat- 
 tered a lady ; I have been politick with my friend, 
 smooth with mine enemy ; 1 have undone three 
 taylors ; I have had four quarrels, and like to 
 have fought oiie. Shakesp. Asyou like it. 
 
 You are a flatterins boy ; now, I see > uu'li be 
 acouriier. Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 You know I am no courtier, nur versed in state- 
 alTairs. Bacon. 
 
 The principal figure in a picture, is like a king 
 among his courtiers, who ought to dim the lustre 
 of his attendants. Drijdtn. 
 
 2, One that courts or solicits the favour of 
 another. 
 
 What 
 Made thee, all honour'd, honest Knman Brutus, 
 With the arm'd rest, courti&rs of beauteous free- 
 dom, 
 To drench the capitol ? Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 Thtre was not among all our princi's a greater 
 cot(r((tTof the people than Richard III. ; not out 
 of fear, hut wisdom. Suckling. 
 
 Co'uRTiNE. See CURTAIN. 
 
 Co'uRTLiKE. adj. [court and like.] Ele- 
 gant ; polite. 
 
 Our Eiigliih tongue is, 1 will not say as sacred 
 as the Hebrew, or as learned as the Greek, but as 
 fluent as the Latin, as courteous as the .Spanish, 
 as courtlike as the f rench, and as amorous as the 
 Italian. Camde7is Remains. 
 
 Co'uRTLiNESS. 71, s. [fvom cour til/.] Ele- 
 gance of manners ; grace of mien ; com- 
 plaisance; civility. 
 
 cow 
 
 The slightest part tliat you excel in, hconrtlu 
 ness. Lord Dighi/ to Sir Kenelm Dighy, 
 
 Co'uRTLiNG. w. *. [from co2irt.] A cour- 
 tier ; a retainer to a court. 
 
 CourtUng, 1 rather thou should'st utterly 
 Dispraise my work, than praise it frostily. 
 
 Bin Jonson, 
 Co'uRTLY. adj. [from court.] Relating or 
 retaining to the court; elegant; soft; 
 flattering. 
 
 In our own time (excuse some courtlii strains) 
 No whiter page than Addison's remains. Pi-q)€. 
 
 Co'uRTLY. adv. In the manner of courts; 
 elegantly. 
 
 They can produce notliing so courtly writ, or 
 which expresses so much the conversation of a 
 gentleman, as Sir John Suckling. 
 
 Dryden on Dramatick Poetrrf, 
 
 Co'URTSHiP. n.s, [fvom court.] 
 
 1, The act of soliciting favour. 
 
 He paid his courtship with the crowd. 
 As far as modest pride allow'd. Siclfi, 
 
 2, Tlie solicitation of a woman to mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Be merry, and emi>loy your chiefesf thoughta 
 To courtship, and such tair ostcnts of love. 
 As shall conveniently become vou there. 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of VeTticc, 
 
 In fedious courtship we declare our paiii. 
 And ere we kindness find, first meet disdain. 
 
 Vrydvn's Indian Emperor, 
 
 Every man, in the time of courtship, and in the 
 first cnlrrtiice of marrinL'e, puts on a behaviour like 
 my correspondent's huliday suit. Addis. Guard, 
 
 3, Civility; elegance of manners. 
 
 My courtship to an university, 
 Aly modesty I give to soldiers* bare; 
 My patience to a gamester's share. Dorme. 
 
 CO'USIN. n.s, [cousiny Fr. consungui- 
 7ieuSy Lat.] 
 
 1, Any one collaterally related more re- 
 motely than a brother or sister, 
 
 Maehelh unseaiu'd hlni. 
 Oh valiant cousin ! worthy genth-inan ! 5/ia/cesp 
 
 iy: alt, my cousin! O my brotlier's child I 
 Unhappy siglit! alas, tlie Lilood is spill'd 
 Of n)y dear kinsman. Shakc.'ip. Romeo and Juliet: 
 
 'J'hou art, great lord, my father's sister's son. 
 And cousin german to great Priam's seed. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 2. A title given by the king to a noble* 
 man, particularly to tliose of the coun- 
 cil. 
 
 COW. w. s, [In the plural anciently line, 
 or Icecn, now commonly cows ; cii, Sax. 
 koe, Dut.J Thef. male of the bull ; the 
 horned animal with cloven feet, kept for 
 her milk and calves. 
 
 We see that the horns of oxen and coirs, for the 
 most part, are larger than the bull's; which is 
 caused by abundance of moisture, whicli in the 
 horns of the bull faileth. Bacon, 
 
 After the fever is diminished, asses and goats 
 milk may be necessary ; yea, a diet of coju's milk 
 alone. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 I'lien, leavhig In the fields his grazing coivs^ 
 He sought himself some hospitable house, 
 Good Creton entertain'd his godlike guest. 
 
 Drudens Fahles, 
 To Cow. V. a. [from cowardy by contrac- 
 tion.] To depress with fear ; to oppress 
 with habitual timidity, 
 
 Maedutl'was from his mother's worab 
 Untimely ripp'd.— — 
 
 ■ ■■■■ Accursed he that tongue that tells me so. 
 
 For it bath coicd my better part of man. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 "By reason of their frequent revolts, they have 
 drawn upon ihems. Ives the pressures of \var so 
 often, tlkat it seeuis to have souiewhat coued their 
 spirits. }IoaeCs Vocal Forest, 
 
 4^0
 
 cow 
 
 Fiir when men by their wives are eow'd, 
 Tlieir lioriis uf course are understood. Umlihras. 
 Cow-herd. n. s. [cow, and liyjiti. Sax. a 
 keeper.] One whose occupation is to 
 tend cows. 
 Cow-house, n.s. [cow and house.] The 
 house in whicli kine are kept. 
 
 You must Iiouse your milch-cows, that jou 
 give hay to, in your cow-house all night. 
 
 Jlfftrfimcr. 
 
 Cow-leech, n.s. [cow and leech.] One 
 ■who professes to cure distempered cows. 
 
 To Cow-leech, v. n. To profess to cure 
 cows. 
 
 Though there are many pretenders to the art 
 of farriering and cow-tcecliing, yet many of them 
 are very ignorant, especially in the couiitry. 
 
 Moylimcr's Husbandry. 
 
 Cow-weed. n.s. [cow and weerf.] A spe- 
 cies of chervil. 
 
 Cow-wheat, n.s. [cow and wheat.] A 
 plant 
 
 COWARD, n.s. [conard, Fr. of uncer- 
 tain derivation.] 
 
 1, A poltroon ; a wretch whose predomi- 
 nant passion is fear. 
 
 Pyrocles <lid sucli wonders, beyond belief, as 
 was able to lead Musidorus to courage, thouyh 
 he had been born acou'ar^i. Siiincij. 
 
 There was a soldier that vaunted, before Julius 
 Cfcsar, of the hurts he had received in his face. 
 Ctcsur, knowing him to be but a coward, told him, 
 Vou were best take heed, next limeyou ruji away, 
 how you look back. Bucon. 
 
 Soine are brave one day, and cowards another, 
 as great captains have often told me, from their 
 own experience and observation. Temple. 
 
 A coward does not always escape with disgrace, 
 but sometimes also he loses his lite. South. 
 
 Tremble ye not, oh friends ! and cowards liy, 
 Doom'd by the stern Teleiuachus to die ! 
 
 Popes Odysscp. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used in the manner of 
 an adjective. 
 
 Having mure man than wit about me, I drew ; 
 And rais^ the house with loud and coward cries. 
 
 Shakcsp 
 
 Invading fears repel my eou'arrf joy. 
 And ills foreseen the ])rcsent bliss destroy. Prior. 
 
 Co'WARDlCE. n.«. [from coward.] Fear; 
 habitual timidity ; pusillanimity ; want 
 of courajje. 
 
 Certes, Sir knight, ye been too much to blame. 
 Thus for to blot the honour uf the dead ; 
 And witii foul cowardice his carcase shame, 
 Whose living hands inimortaliz'd his name. 
 
 Fuirp Queen. 
 
 Gallant and fearless courai^e will turn into a 
 native and heroick valour, and make tliem hate 
 the cowardice of doing wrong. 
 
 Milton on Education. 
 
 None was disgrac'd ; for falling is no shame, 
 And cowardice alone is loss of fame : 
 The ventVous knight is from the saddle thrown, 
 But 'tis the fault of fortune, not his own. 
 
 Driidens Fables. 
 
 This great, tills holy, this terrible Being, is pre- 
 sent to all our atfections ; sees every treacherous 
 inclination of our heart to desert his service ; and 
 treasures up, against the day of his wrath, the se- 
 cret eoworf/ice which deters us from asserting his 
 cause, which prevails on us to com[»Iiment the 
 vices of the ;:reat, to applaud the libertine, and 
 laugli with the profane. Rogers s Sermons. 
 
 Co'WARDLiNESS. U.S. [(rom cowardli/.] 
 
 Timidity ; cowardice. 
 Co'wARDLY. adj. [from coicard.] 
 1. Fearful ; timorous ; pusillanimous. 
 
 COW 
 
 An EL'yptian sootlisayer made Antonius believe 
 that his genius, otherwise brave and confident, 
 was in the presence of Octavius poor andcowanl- 
 ly, liucon's Nat. Ili^i. 
 
 2. Mean ; befitting a coward ; proceeding 
 from fear. 
 
 I do find it cowardly and vile, 
 For fear of what might fall, so to prevent 
 The time of life. Sliakesp. Julins Co'sar. 
 
 Let all such as can enlarge their consciences 
 like hell, and style a cowardly silence in Cl.rist's 
 cause <liscretion, know, that Christ will one day 
 scorn them. South. 
 
 Cowardly, adv. In the manner of a 
 coward ; meanly ; vilely. 
 
 He sliarply reproved them as men nf no cou- 
 rage, who bad most cnitai-i//^ turned their backs 
 upon their eneniies. hmtlles. 
 
 Co'wARDSHlV. 71. s. [from co?rfl»-</.] The 
 character or {jualities of a coward ; mean- 
 ness : a word not now in use. 
 
 A very paltry boy, and more a coward than a 
 hare: his di'-honesty a|)pears in leaving his friend 
 here in necessity, and denying him ; and for his 
 cowardship, ask Fabian. Shuke.'^p. 
 
 To Co'wER. V. n. [cwrria7i, Welsh ; cour- 
 ier, Fr. or perhaps borrowed from the 
 manner in which a coiv sinks on lier 
 knees.] To sink by bending the knees ; 
 to stoop ; to shrink. 
 
 Let the pail be put over the man's head above 
 water, then he cower down, and the pail be pressed 
 down with him. Bacon. 
 
 The splitting rocks eom'r'rf in the sinking sands 
 And would not dash me with their ragged siiles. 
 
 Sliakcsp. 
 
 As thus be spake, each bird and beast beheld, 
 Ajiproaching two and two ; these fouiVino; low 
 With blandishment, each bird stoop'd on his 
 wing. Milton. 
 
 Our dame sits com'ring o'er a kitchen fire, 
 I draw fresh air, and nature's works admire. Dri/rf. 
 
 Co'wiSH. adj. [from To cow, to awe.] Ti- 
 morous ; fearful ; mean ; pusillanimous ; 
 cowardly. Not in use. 
 
 It is the cnwish terrour of his spirit, 
 That dares not undertake : he'll not feel wrongs 
 Which tie him to an answer. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 Co'WKEEPER. n. s. [coic and keeper.] 
 
 One whose business is to keep cows. 
 
 The terms cowkeeper and hogherd are not to be 
 usefl in our iioetry ; but there are no finer words 
 in the Greek language. Broome. 
 
 COWL. n.s. [cujle, Saxon; cuculhts, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. A monk's hood. 
 
 You may imagine that Francis Coriifield did 
 scratch his elbow, when he had sweetly invented, 
 to signify his name, saint Francis with his friery 
 coKcTina cornfield. Camden. 
 
 What ditler more, you cry, than crown and 
 cowl ? 
 I'll tell you, friend, a wise man and a fool. Pope. 
 
 2. [Perhaps from cool, cooler, a vessel in 
 which hot liquor is set to cool.] A vessel 
 in which water is carried on a pole be- 
 tween two. 
 
 Cowl-staff, n.s. [con-l and stajf.] The 
 staff on which a vessel is supported be- 
 tween two men. 
 
 Mounting him upon a cowl-staf. 
 
 Which (tossing him something high) 
 
 He apprehended to be Pegasus. Suckling. 
 
 Theway by aoiuii-sln/f'is safer: the staff must 
 
 have a bmicb in the middle, somewhat wedgelike, 
 
 and covered with a soft bolster. U i.-icman. 
 
 Co'wsLlP. n.s. [parali/sis ; cuj-lippe. 
 Sax. as some think, from their resem- 
 blance of scent to the breath of a cow ; 
 
 COY 
 
 perhaps from growing mudi in pasture 
 grounds, and often meeting the cvw'a 
 lip.] ■ 
 
 Cow.'iUp is also called pacril, grows wild in the 
 meadows, and h a species of prirarosc. Mittcr. 
 
 lie might a'> well say, that a cotcslip is as white 
 as a lily. Sidney. 
 
 Wiiere tlie bee sucks, there suck I ; 
 In a coasUp's bell I lie. Shak. Tempest. 
 
 .Thy lillle sons 
 Permit to range the pastures : gladly they 
 Will niuw the cowslip posies, faintly sweet. 
 
 Phitipi. 
 
 Cows-lungwort, n.s, A species of 
 Mullein. 
 
 Coxcomb, n. s. [cock and comb, corrupt- 
 ed from cock's comb,^ 
 
 1. The top of the head. 
 
 As the cockney did to the eels, when she put 
 them i' the pasty alive ; she rap» them o" lb" coi^ 
 combs with a stick, and cried, Down, wantons, 
 down/ Shakesp. Am^ Lear. 
 
 2. The comb resembling that of a cock, 
 which licensed fools wore formerly in 
 their caps. 
 
 There, take my coxcomh : wh3', this fellow has 
 banished two of nis daughters, and did the third 
 a blessing against his will: if ihon follow him, 
 thou nnist needs wear my coicomb. Shahesp. 
 
 3. A fop ; a superficial pretender to know- 
 ledge or accomplishments. 
 
 I sent to her, 
 By this same coicomh (hat we have i' tU' wind, 
 Tokens and letters which she did rc^ciid. Hhuk. 
 
 I scorn, quoth she, thou coicomh silly. 
 Quarter or council from a foe. ffttdtbras. 
 
 It is a vanity fer every pretending coicomb lo 
 make hinibelf one of the party still with Iiis bel- 
 ters. L'Estrange. 
 
 'J'iiey overflowed with smart repartees, aud 
 were only distingul-shcd fruin llie intended wits 
 by being called coicomi's, though they deservad 
 not so ?canddlous a name. Dryden. 
 
 Some are bewilder'd in ihe maze of schools. 
 And some raadeco.tcom^s, nature meant but fools. 
 
 Pope. 
 ■i. A kind of red flower. 
 Coxco'mical. adj. [from ccrcomb.] Fop- 
 pish ; conceited : a low word, unwor- 
 thy of use. 
 
 Because, as he was a very natural writer, and 
 the^' were without prejudice, without preposses- 
 siftn, without atl"(-ct;iti»ni. and without the intlu- 
 ence of co.icomical, senseless cabal, they were at 
 liberty to receive the impressions which things 
 naturally made on their minils. Dennis. 
 
 COY. [coi, Fr. from quiet us, Lat.] 
 
 1. Modest; decent. 
 
 Jason is as cou as is "a mai<le ; 
 He looked piteously, but nou-iht he said.C/(fl»(*<T. 
 
 2. Reserved; not acces-^ible ; not easily 
 condescending to familiarity. 
 
 And vain delight she s;iw he light did pass, 
 A fue of folly and innnodest toy ; 
 Still solemn sad, or still disdidiifu! coy. Spenser 
 
 Like Phcebus sung the no less am'rous boy : 
 Like Diijihne she, as lovely, and as coy. T( a//er. 
 Ai this season every snnleof tlie sun, like the 
 smile of a coi/ lady, is as dear as it is uncommon. 
 
 Pope. 
 The Nile's coy source. Grainger. 
 
 To Coy. v. n. [from tlie adjective.] 
 
 1 . To behave with reserve ; to reject fa- 
 miliarity. 
 
 What, coving it again ! 
 No more ; hut make me happy to my eust, 
 That is, without \our struggling.I>ri/(i. A. ilrt/iur. 
 
 Retire! I heg'you, leave me.- 
 
 'I'lius to Ci'y it ! 
 With one wlio knows you too ! Rou'e's J. Short. 
 
 2. To make difficulty ; not to condescend 
 willingly. 
 
 431
 
 c o z 
 
 To hear Cominius speak, I'll keep at home, 
 
 Shakes}}. Corhlanus. 
 
 To Coy. V. a. [^oi'dccoi/,'] To allure. Not 
 in use. 
 
 I'll mountebank tlieir loves, 
 Crtj/ their hearts from them, and come home be- 
 loved 
 Of all the trades in Kome. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Coyly, adr. [fVom coj/.] \Vitli reserve ; 
 with disiiu'linntion to familiarity. 
 
 This said, Ins hand lie cnj/Zi/snalcird yway 
 From lorlli Antinuu.^' iiaiid. Chapman's Odpsep. 
 
 Co'yness. n.s. [tvomcoi/.] Reserve; un- 
 willingness to become familiar. 
 
 When the sun hath warmed the earth and wa- 
 ter, three or four male carps will fullow a female; 
 nnd she putting on a seeming ci'i/«css, they force 
 her through weeds and fluji*! U'ulton. 
 
 Wlien the kind n^mph would eoj/ness feign, 
 And hides but to he found again. £)riid€7i. 
 
 CoYSTREL. 71. s. A species of degenerate 
 hawk. 
 
 One ihey might trust, their common wrdngs to 
 wreak : 
 The musqnet and the coij^trd were too weak. 
 Too fierce the falcon. Vryd. Hitid and Fauthcr. 
 
 Coz. w.^. A cant or familiar Avord, con- 
 tracted from coitsin. 
 
 Be mcrrv.eoc ; since sutlden sorrow 
 Serves to say thus, some good thing comes to- 
 morrow. Shakesp. 
 
 To CO'ZCN. V. a. [To cose is in the old 
 Scotch dialect, as Junius observes, to 
 chop or chan^-c ; whence cozen to cheat ; 
 because in such traffick there is common- 
 ly fraud.] To cheat; to trick; to de- 
 fraud. 
 
 Let the queen pa_y never so fully, let the raus- 
 ter-master view them never so diliijentlj, k-i the 
 deputy or general look to them never so exactly, 
 yet they can cozen them all. Sjiriisir. 
 
 Goring loved no man so well but that he uuuhi 
 cozen hiui, and ex|tose him to puUick niirlh fur 
 bavins been coznied. Clarendon. 
 
 He that suiters a government to be abused by 
 carck'ssness or neglect, does the same thing witii 
 him that maliciously and corruptly sets hiui>elf to 
 cuzeji it. L' Estrange. 
 
 You are not obliged to a literal belief <jf what 
 the poet says; but you are pleased with the image, 
 without benig cozened by tiie fiction. Dryden. 
 
 AVhat if I please to lengthen out bis date 
 A day, ajid take a pride tj cozen fate. 
 
 Vrijden's Aurengzebe. 
 
 Children may be cozened into a knowledge of 
 llie letters, and be taugiit to read, without per- 
 ceiving it to be any thing but a sport. 
 
 Locke on Education. 
 
 Cozenage, w. j. [from cozen.] Fraud; 
 deceit ; artifice ; fallacy ; trick ; cheat ; 
 the practice of cheating. 
 
 They say this town is full DicozenagCj 
 A.5uimble*)Ui:glers that deceive the eyCj 
 Disguised cheaters. Shakesp, 
 
 Wisdom without honesty is meer craft and coz- 
 enage; and tiu'reforc the rfpulation of honesty 
 niuii first be guiten, winch cannot be but by liv- 
 ing well ; a good life is a main argument. 
 
 Ben Jonsoji's Discovn-ies. 
 There's no such thing as that we beauty call. 
 It is meer cozemige all ; 
 For though some long ago 
 Lik'd certain colours mingled so and so, 
 Tliat doth not tie me now fioiu chusin,:^ new. 
 
 Suckling. 
 
 Imaginary appearances offer themselves to our 
 
 impatient minds, which tjntertain these coinUer- 
 
 feits, witliout the least suspicion of their cocejin^e. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Strange coSnaget none would live past years 
 
 again, 
 
 Y*et all hope pleasure in what yet remains ; 
 
 C R A 
 
 And from the dregs of lifr think to receive 
 \Vhat the first sprightly running could not give. 
 Drijdcns Aurcngzehe. 
 But all these are trifles.if we cnnsidcr the fraud 
 And cozenage of trading men and shojikeepers. 
 
 Suij't. 
 Co'ZENER. «. 5. [from fcc£7i.] A cheater; 
 a defrauder. 
 
 Ind<'fd,Sir, there are coirncrs nbroad, and there- 
 fore it behoves men to be wary. 
 
 Sluikef^p. Winters Tale. 
 
 CRAB. n.s. [cjiabba, S'lX. /,:r«iit', Dut.] 
 
 1. A crustaceous fish. 
 
 Tiiusc tbatc.ist their shi*ll are, the lobster, the 
 crah, the crawliib, the hodmandod or dodman, 
 and the tortoise. The old shells are never found ; 
 so as it is like they scale otf and crumble away by 
 decrees. Bacon s Nat. Ifist. 
 
 The fox catches crab fish with his tail, which 
 Olaus Magnus saith hehiniself was an eye witness 
 of. Dtrham. 
 
 9. . A wild apple ; the tree that bears a wild 
 apple. 
 
 Noble stock 
 Was graft w lib crab tree slip, whose fruit thon art. 
 
 Shake&p. 
 
 Fetch me a dozen crab tree staves, and stroma 
 
 ones ; these arc luit ^w'v.cho^. Shakesp. HenryVWl. 
 
 When roasted cra/w hisy in the b^wl. 
 Then niglitly sings the staring owl. Shakesp. 
 
 Tell why a craft, taking nourishment frum a 
 crab stock," shall have a fruit more noble than its 
 nurse and parent. Taylor. 
 
 3. A ])eevish nioro.se person, 
 •i. A wooden cnji-ine with three claws for 
 launching of sliips, or heaving them into 
 the dock. PhiUips. 
 
 5. The sign in the zodiack. 
 
 Then parts the Twins and Crah, the Dog di- 
 vitles, 
 And Argo's keel, that broke the frothy tides. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 Crab. adj. It is used by M-ay of contempt 
 for any sour or degenerate fruit; as, a 
 crab cherry, a crab plum . 
 
 IJetier 'Jouuings their wurn soil can boast 
 Than the crab vintage of the ncighb'ring coast. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Cra'bbed. adj. [from crab.] 
 
 1. Peevish ; morose : cynical ; sour. 
 A man of years, yet fresh as mote appear. 
 
 Of swarth complexion, an. I o( crabbed \i\xe. 
 
 That him full of melancholy did shew. Spensei'. 
 
 O, bhe is 
 Ten limes more conlle than her father's crabbed; 
 Aiul he's composM of harshness. Shak. Ihnpesl. 
 
 2. Harsh; unpleasing. 
 
 That was when 
 Three crabbed months iiad sour'd themselves to 
 
 death. 
 Ere I could make thee open thy white hand, 
 AntI clepe thyself my love. 6hak. Winter a Tale. 
 
 How charming is divine philosophy ! 
 Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fuols suppose. 
 But musical as is Apollo's lute, 
 And a perpetual feast of neetar'd sweets. 
 Where no crutie surfeit reigns. Miltoti. 
 
 3. Difficult; perplexing. 
 
 Beside, he was a shrewd philosopher. 
 And had read evVy text and giuss over j 
 Whate'er the cra/^/tefiVsi author hath. 
 He understood b' implicit faith. Hudibras. 
 
 Lucretius had chosen a subject naturally rn(''/jt't/. 
 
 Dry-len. 
 
 Your a'abbtd rogues that read Lucretius 
 Are against gods, you know. Prior. 
 
 Cra'bbedly. adv, [ivom crabbed.] Pee- 
 vishly; moros'.ly ; Avith perplexity, 
 Cra'bbedness. n.s. [(vom crabbed.] 
 
 1. Sourness of taste. 
 
 2. Sourness of countenance; asperity of 
 inanjiers. 
 
 c R A 
 
 3. Difficulty ; perplexity. 
 Cra'heu. n. s. 
 
 The poor fish have enemies enough, beside such 
 unnatural fishermen as otters, the cormorant, and 
 tiic ember, wiiich some call the water-rat. 
 
 ]\'Hlloii's Angler. 
 
 Crabs-eyes. n.s. Whitish bodies, round- 
 ec) on one side, and depressed on the 
 otiier, heavy, moderately liard, and 
 witliout smell. They are not the eyes 
 of any creature, nor do they belong to 
 the crab, but are produced by the com- 
 mon crawfish : the stones are bred in 
 two separate ba<fs, one on each side of 
 the stomach. They are alkaline, absoF- 
 bent, and in some degree diuretick./7i7/. 
 Several persons had, in vain, endeavoured to 
 store themselves witli crabs-eifts. Boyh. 
 
 CUACK. n.s, [kraeck^biit.] 
 
 1. A sudden disruption, by which the 
 parts are separated but a little way from 
 each other. 
 
 2. The chink; fissure, or vacuity made by 
 disruption ; a narroAV breach. 
 
 Contusions, when great, do usually produce a 
 fissure or crack of the skull, either in the same 
 part where the blow was intlictcd, or in the con- 
 trary part. Wiseman. 
 
 At Ic-ngth it would crack in many places ; anrl 
 those croe/cs, as they dilated, woulcl apj)ear of a 
 pretty good, but yet obscure and dark, sky-co- 
 lour. Ktulou's Opllcks. 
 
 0. The sound of any body bursting or fall- 
 ing. 
 
 If I say sooth, T must report thev were 
 As cannons o\ercliaij;'d uith doufile c/vtc/fs. 
 
 ilwkcsji. Macbeth. 
 Now day appears, and with the day the king. 
 Whose early care hafi robb'd iiim of his rest : 
 
 Far olV the criichs of faliin-; houses ring. 
 And shrieks of subjects pierce ins lender breast. 
 
 Dryden, 
 ■i. Any sudden and qm'ck sound. 
 
 A fourth ? start eye ! 
 
 What! will the line stretch out'to th' rrack of 
 doom ? iVmA-e.'ip. 
 
 Vulcan was employed in hammering out thun- 
 derbolts, that every now and then flew up from 
 the anvil with dreadful cracks and flashes. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 5. Change of the voice in pubertj'. 
 And let us, Paladour, though now our voices, 
 
 Have got the mannish crack, sing him to th* 
 ground. Shakesp. 
 
 6. Breach of chastitj'. 
 
 I cannot 
 Believe this crack to be in my dread mistress. 
 So sovereignly being honourable. 
 
 Shak. Winta-'s Tale. 
 
 7. Craziness of intellect. 
 
 8. A man crazed. 
 
 I have invented projects for raising millions, 
 
 without burthenitig tlie subject; but cannot get 
 
 the paviiajuent to listen to me, wlio look upon me 
 
 as a crack and a [>rojector. Addison. 
 
 Q. A whore in low language. 
 
 10. A boast. 
 
 Leasings, backbitlncs, and vain-glorious cracks. 
 All those auainst that fort did beud their batteries. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 11. .\ boaster. This is only in low phrase. 
 To Crack, r.a. [hrncclccn, Dwt.'] 
 
 1. To break into chinks; to divide the 
 parts a little from ench other. 
 
 Look to your pi|ies, and cover them with fresh 
 and warm litter out of the stable, a good thick- 
 ness, lest the frost crack them. Mm-timer. 
 
 2. To break; to split. 
 O, madam; ray heart is crack\l, it's crack'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 432
 
 C R A 
 
 TIiou wilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, 
 having no other reason but because thou hast hazel 
 eyes. Shakesp. 
 
 Should some wild fig-tree take her native beat, 
 And heave below ilie j:audy luonumL-nt, 
 Would crack the marble titles, and disperse 
 The characters of all the Ijing verse. Dryd. Juv. 
 
 Or as a lute, which in moist weather rings 
 Her knell alone, by cracking of !icr strings. Donne. 
 
 Honour is like that glassy bubble, 
 Tliat liu'-l-, philosophers such trouble; 
 AMiose least part crack\i, the whole docs fly, 
 And wits are rrack\l lu find out «hy. Hudibras. 
 
 3. To do any thing with quickness or 
 smartness. 
 
 Sir Balaam now, he lives like other folks ; 
 He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4, To break or distroy any thing. 
 
 You'll aack a quart together! Ha, will you not ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide : 
 in cities, mutinies ; in countries, discord ; in pa- 
 laces, treason ; and the bond cracked 'twixt son and 
 father. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 &. To craze; to weaken the intellect. 
 
 I was ever of opinion, that the philosopher's 
 stone, and an Imly war, were but the rendi.^zvous 
 o{ cracked bruins, that wore their feather in their 
 beads. Bacons Holif War. 
 
 He thought none poets till their brains were 
 crackt. Roscommon. 
 
 To Crack, v.n, 
 
 I. To burst ; to open in chinks. 
 
 By misfortune it cracked in the cooling, whereby 
 we were reduced to make use of one part, whicli 
 was straight and iiitire. Boyle. 
 
 % To fall to ruin. 
 
 The credit not only of banks, but of exchequers, 
 cracks when little comes in, and much goes out. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To utter a loud and sudden sound. 
 
 I will buard her, though she chide as loud 
 As thunder, when the clouds in autumn crack. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. To boast: with o/". 
 
 To look like her, are chimney-sweepers biack, 
 And since her time are colliers counted bright. 
 
 And Ethiops of their sweet complexion crac/c ; 
 Dark needs no candles now, for dark is light. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 Crack-brained, adj, [crack and brain- 
 ed.] Crazy ; without right reason. 
 
 We have sent you an answer to the ill-grounded 
 sophisms of tliose crack-brained fellows. 
 
 Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 Crack-hemp. w. s, [crack and hemp.] 
 A wretch fated to the gallows; a crack - 
 rope : furcifer. 
 
 Come hither, crack-hemp, 
 
 .^ 1 hope I may chuse, Sir. 
 
 ■Come hither, you rogue : 
 What, have 3'ou forgut me? 
 
 Shakesp. Taming <f the Shrew. 
 
 Crack-kope. n. s. [crack and rope.] A 
 
 fellow that deserves hanging-, 
 Cra'cker. n. s. [from crack.] 
 
 1. A noisy boasting fellow. 
 
 What cracker is this same that deafs our ears 
 With this abundance of superfluous breath ? 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 2. A quantity of gunpowder confined so 
 as to burst with great noise. 
 
 The bladder, at its breaking, gave a great re- 
 port, almost like a cracker. Boyle. 
 ■ _ And when, for furious haste to run. 
 They durst not stav to fire a gun. 
 Have done 't with bonfires, and at home 
 Made squibs a«id crackers overcome. Hudibras. 
 
 Then furious he begins his march, 
 Drives rattling o'er a orazen arch, 
 With squibs and crackers arm'd, to throw 
 Among the trembling crowd below. Swift. 
 
 To Cra'ckle. V, n, [from crack,] To 
 Vol. 1 
 
 C R A 
 
 make slight cracks; to make small and 
 frequent noises ; to decrepitate. 
 
 All these motions, whtcli we sa%v. 
 Are but as ice which crackles at a thaw. Donne. 
 
 I fear to try new love, 
 As boys to venture on the unknown ice 
 That cracfc/« nnderneatli them. Drtjden. 
 
 Caught her dishcvell'd hair and rich attire j 
 Her crown and jewels crackled in the fire. 
 
 Dryden s /F.neid. 
 Marrow is a specifick in that scurvy which oc- 
 casions a crackling of the hones; in which case 
 marrow performs its natural function of moisten- 
 ing them. Arhiithnot on AlimCu's. 
 
 Cra'cknel. w. 5. [from o'acL] A hard 
 brittle cake. 
 
 Albee my lore he seek with daily sule, 
 His clownish gifts and curtesies I disdain, 
 His kids, his cracknels, and his early fruit. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Pay tributary cracknels, which he sells ; 
 And with our offerings help to raise his vails. 
 
 Dryden s Juienal. 
 
 CRADLE, n. », [cn^bel, Sax.] 
 
 1. A moveable betl, on which children or 
 sick persons are agitated with a smooth 
 and equal motion, to make them sleep. 
 
 Slie bad indeed. Sir, a sou fur her cradle, ere she 
 had a husband for her bed. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 No jutting frieze, 
 Buttrice, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird 
 Hath made his pendartt bed and procreant cradle. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 His birth perhaps, some paltry village hides. 
 And sets his cradle out of fortune's way. Dryden. 
 
 A child knows his nurse and his cradle, and by 
 degrees the playthings of a little more advanced 
 age. _ Loci 
 
 The cradle and the tomh, alas, so nigh ! 
 To live is scarce distin^uish'd from to die. Pn't 
 
 Mc let the teii<Ier orfice long engage. 
 To rock the cradle of reposing age ; 
 With lenient arts extend a mother's breath, 
 Make languor smile, and smooth the bed of death. 
 
 Pitpe. 
 
 2. It is used for infancy, or the first part 
 of life. 
 
 He knew them to be inclined altogether to war, 
 and therefore " lioily trained them up, even from 
 their cradles, in arms and military exercises. 
 
 Spenser's Jretand. 
 
 The new duke's daughter, her cousin, luves her ; 
 being ever, from their cradles, bred together. 
 
 Shakesp. As yon like it. 
 
 They should scarcely depart frojna form of wor- 
 ship, in which they had been educated from their 
 cradle. _ Clarendun. 
 
 3. [\\ ith surgeons.] A case for a broken 
 bone, to keep off pressure. 
 
 4. [Witli shipwrights.] A frame of tim- 
 ber raised along the outside of a ship 
 by the bulge, serving more securely 
 and commodiously to help to launch her. 
 
 Han is. 
 To Cra'dle. r. a. [from the substan- 
 tive.] To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a 
 cradle. 
 
 He that hath been cradled in majesty, will not 
 leave the throne to play with beggars. 
 
 Glanvitle's ApoUonius. 
 Tlie tears steal from our eyes, when in tlie street 
 \\ ith some betrothed virgin's herse we meet ; 
 Or infant's fun'ral, from the cheated womb 
 Convey 'd to earth, and cradled in a tomb. Drudcn. 
 He shall he cradled in my ancient shields, so fa- 
 lcons through the universities. Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 Cr.adle-CLOTHES. n. s. [from cradle 
 and clothes.] Bed-clothes belonging to 
 a cradle. 
 
 O coidd it be prov'd 
 That some night-tripping fairy bad exchano'd. 
 In cradle-cloaths, our children, where they lay. 
 And call mine Percy, his Plantageuet ; 
 I'hen would I have his Harry, and be mine. Shak. 
 
 C R A 
 
 CRAFT, n. s. [cjiaetrc, Sax. creft, in old 
 Welsh.] 
 
 1. Manual art ; trade. 
 
 1 hear an objection, even from some well-mean- 
 ing men, that ih^sc deliiihtful crafts may be divert 
 ways ill applied in a land. IVotton's Architecture. 
 
 2. Art ; ability ; dexterity. 
 
 A poem is the work of the poet; poesy ii hit 
 skiil or craft of making, the very fiction 'itself of 
 the work. Ben Jont/on^ 
 
 3. Fraud; cunning; artifice. 
 
 The oflencc is h«iiy that she hath committed ; 
 And this deceit loses the name of craft, 
 Of disobedience, orunduteous title. Stiakesp. 
 
 'I'his gives us a full view of wonderful art and 
 cr(ft in raising such a structure of power and ini- 
 quity. Aylife, 
 
 4. Small sailing vessels. 
 
 To Craft, 'v. w. [from the noun.] To 
 play tricks ; to practise artifice. Now 
 ' out of use. 
 
 You 've made fair hands, 
 You and your crafts ! You 've crafted fair. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Cra'ftily. adv. [from craft?/.] Cun- 
 ningly • artfully ; with more art than 
 honesty. 
 
 But that which most impaired his credit, was 
 the common report that he did, in all things, fa- 
 vour the Christians ; and had, for that carise, 
 crufiiUi per.suaded Solyiuan to take jn hand the 
 unfurtuiiate Persian war. Knollcs. 
 
 May he not craftilif infer 
 
 The rule of friendshii> too severe, 
 
 AVhich chain him to a hated trust ; 
 
 Which make him wretched to be just ? Prior 
 
 Cra'ftiness. n.s. [from crafty.] Cun- 
 ning ; stratagem. 
 He taketh the u ise in their ow n craftiness. Job. 
 
 Craftsman, n. s. [craft and fnan.] 
 An artificer; a manufacturer; a me- 
 dian ick. 
 
 That her became, as polish'd ivory. 
 Which cunning craftsman's hand hath overlaid 
 With fair rerniillion. Spenser. 
 
 What reverence he did throw away on slaves. 
 Wooing poor croftsmen "ith the craft of smiles. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 What a resemblance this advice carries to the 
 oration of Demetrius to his fellow craftsmen f 
 
 Decay of Piety, 
 
 Cra'ftsmaster. n. s. [craft and mas* 
 ter!\ A man skilled in his trade. 
 
 He is not his craftsmastCTj he doth not do it 
 ri^it. ^ ^ \ Shakesp, 
 
 There is art in pride : a man might as soon 
 learn a trade. Those who were not brought up to 
 it, seldom prove their rnj/b/ndifer. Collier on Pride. 
 
 Crafty, adj. [from naft.] Cunning; 
 artful ; full of artifices ; fraudulent ; 
 sly. 
 
 Nay, vou may think my love was croftu lore. 
 And call it cunning. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 This oppression <3id, of force and necessity, make 
 the Irish a cruUu people; for such as are oppressed, 
 and live in slavery, are ever put to their shifts. 
 
 Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 Before he came in sisht, the cru/iv god 
 His wings dismiss'd, but still retam'd iiis rod. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 No body was ever so cunning as to conceal their 
 being so ; and every body is shy and distrustf^^l 
 of craft j^ men. ' Locke, 
 
 CR.\G. n. s. 
 
 1 . Crfig is, in British, a rough steep rock : 
 and is used in the same sense in the 
 nortliern counties at this day. Gibson. 
 
 2. The riigfred protuberances of rocks. 
 And as mount Etna vomili sulphur out, 
 
 Witii clifts of burimig crags, and fire and smoke. 
 
 Fairfax^ 
 
 S K 433
 
 Full of 
 
 C II A 
 
 Whohalli dispos'il, but llioii, the winding way, 
 Where springs down frum the sleepy ovigs do beiit. 
 
 A lion spied agoat upon the cragof a high n.ck. 
 
 L tstraitge. 
 
 3. The neck. 
 
 Thev loiikcn hiizce, as bulls that been bate, 
 And bearen tlic cng si. stid' :nid sc. state. Spenser. 
 
 4. Tlie small end of a neck of mutton: a 
 low word. 
 
 CitAGGED. (1/lj- [from crag.] 
 inequalities and prominencies. 
 
 On a lume bill, 
 Crnggcd and steep, truth stands. Crashaw. 
 
 Cra'ggedness. 71. s. [from cragged.] 
 Fulness of crags or ])rominent rocks. 
 
 Tlie crtiggeduesi or steepness of that mountain, 
 niakelhniany parts of it in a manner inaccessible. 
 
 Brcrewood. 
 
 Cra'gginess. n. s. [from craggy.] The 
 
 state of being craggy. 
 Cra'ggy. adj. [from crag.] Rugged; 
 
 full of prominences ; rough to walk on, 
 
 or climb. 
 
 That same wicked wight 
 His dwelling has low in an liolluw cave, 
 
 Far underneath a craggy clift ypight. 
 Dark, doleful, dreary, like a greedy grave. Spenser. 
 
 It was impossible" to pass un the woody and 
 crae^u hills, without the loss of these commanders. 
 
 ^"^ Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Mountaineers that from Severus came, 
 And from the craggy cliffs of Tetrica. Dryden. 
 
 The town and republick of St. Marnio stands 
 on the top of a very high and craggy mountain. 
 
 Addistm oil Italy. 
 
 To CRAM. v.a. [cpamman, Sax.] 
 1. To stuff; to fill with more than can 
 conveniently be held. 
 
 As much love in rhyme, 
 As would be cramm'd up in a sheet of paper, 
 Writ on both sides the leaf, margent and all. Shak. 
 Being thus crammed in the basket, a couple of 
 Ford's knaves were called. 
 
 Shakcsp. Merry Wives oj Wmdsor. 
 Thou hast spoke as if tliy eldest son should be 
 a fool, whose skull Jove cram with brains. 
 
 Shakesp. Tireljth Night. 
 
 Cram not in people by sending too fast company 
 
 after company ; but so as the number may live 
 
 " ' the plantation, and not by surcharge be in 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To fill witli food beyond satiety. 
 
 You'd mollify a judge, would cram a squire; 
 Or else some smiles from court you may desire. 
 
 Kiyig. 
 
 I am sure children would be freer from diseases, 
 if they were not crammed so much as they are by 
 fond ;nothers, and weie kept wl.olly from Hesh the 
 first three years. Locke. 
 
 As a man may be eating all day, and, for want 
 of digestion, is iiever nourished ; so these endless 
 readers may cram themselves in vain with intel- 
 lectual food. 11'""* "" ll>e ihnd. 
 
 But Annius, crafty seer, 
 Came cramm'd with capon from where Pollio 
 dines. P"l"^- 
 
 a. To thrust in by force. 
 
 Yon cram these words into mine ears, against 
 The stomach of inv !-tnse. Shakesp. Tempest 
 
 Hutf'er, quoth Ihidibras, this sword 
 Shall down thy false throat cram 
 
 we 
 penury 
 
 that word. 
 
 Hudibras. 
 Fate has cramm'd us all into one lease, 
 And that even tiow expiring. Drydeti'sCleomencs. 
 In another printed paper it is roundly ex- 
 pressed, that he will cram his brass down our 
 throats. . Si'V'- 
 
 To Cram. r. n. To eat beyond satiety. 
 
 The godly dauie, who fleshly failings damns, 
 Scolds witli her maid, or with" her chaplain crams. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Cra'mbo. «. s. [a cant word, probably 
 
 without etymology.] A play at which 
 
 C R A 
 
 one gives a word, to which another 
 finds a rhvme ; a rhyme. 
 
 So Ma-vius, when lie drain'd his skull 
 To celebrate some suburb trull. 
 His siiuilies ill order set, 
 
 And cv'ry cramho he could get. Spenser. 
 
 CRAMP, n. s. [kranipe, Dut. crampe, Fr.] 
 
 1. A spasm or contraction of the limbs, 
 generally removed by warmth and rub- 
 bing. 
 
 Fo'r tliis.be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps, 
 Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up. 
 
 Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 In a retreat he outruns any lacquey ; marry, in 
 coming on, he has the cramp. _ Shakesp. 
 
 The crumji coineth of contraction of sinews ; 
 which is manifest, in that it coineth cillicr by cold 
 or drvness. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 IIa"res, said to live on hemlock, do not make 
 good the tradition ; and he that observes what ver- 
 tigoes, cramps, aiui convulsions follow thereon, in 
 these animals, will be of our belief. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 2. A restriction ; confinement; obstruc- 
 tion; shackle. 
 
 A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind, 
 and lays a man under incapacities of serving his 
 friend. L'Estrangc. 
 
 3. A piece of iron bent at each end, by 
 which two bodies are held together. 
 
 To the uppermost of these there should he fas- 
 tened a sharp graple, or cramp of iron, which may 
 be apt to take hold of any place wliere it lijjhls. 
 
 I) i7/diis. 
 
 Cramp, adj. Difficult; knotty: a low 
 
 term. 
 To Cramp, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To pain with cramps or twitches. 
 
 When the contracted limbs were cramp'd, ev'n 
 then 
 A waterish Immour swell'd, and ooz'd again. 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 2. To restrain; to confine; to obstruct; 
 to hinder. 
 
 It is impossible to conceive the number of in- 
 conveniencies that will ensue, if borrowing be 
 cramped. Bacon. 
 
 There are few but find that some companies be- 
 numb and cramp them, so that in them they can 
 neither speak nor do any thing that is handsome. 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 He who serves has still restraints of dread upon 
 his spirits, which, even in the midst of action, 
 cramps and ties up his activity. South's Sermons. 
 
 Dr. Hammond loves to contract and cramu the 
 sense of projihecies. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 The antiquaries are for cramping their subjects 
 into as narrow a space as they can, and for red ucing 
 the whole extent of a science into a few general 
 maxims. Addistm on Italy. 
 
 IMarius used all endeavours for depressing the 
 nobles, and raising the people, particularly for 
 cramping the former in their power of judicature. 
 
 Sw'ift. 
 No more 
 Tir expansive atmosphere is cramp'd with cold, 
 But full of life, and vivifying soul. 
 
 Thomson's Spring. 
 
 3. To bind with crampirons. 
 
 Cra'mpfish. n. s. [from cramp andjisk.] 
 The torpedo, which benumbs the hands 
 of those that toucli it. 
 
 Cra'mpiron. h. s. [from cramp and 
 iron.] See Cramp, sense 3. 
 
 CRANAGE.n.,?. [cranaginm, low Lat] A 
 liljerty to use a crane for drawing up 
 wares from the vessels, at any creek of the 
 sea or wharf, unto the land, and to make 
 profit of it. It signifies also the money 
 paid and taken for the same. Cowell. 
 
 CRANE, n. s. [cpan, Sax. kraen, Dut.] 
 
 C R A 
 
 1. A bird with a long beak. 
 
 Like a crane, or a swallow, so did I chatter. TsniaA. 
 That small infantry warr'd on by cranes. Mitten. 
 
 2. An instrument made with ropes, pullies, 
 and hooks, by which great weights are 
 raised. 
 
 In case the mould about it be so ponderous as 
 not to be removed by any ordinary force, you may 
 then raise it with a crane. Mortimer. 
 
 Then commerce brought into the imblick walk 
 The busy merchant, Ihe big wareliousc built, 
 Rais'd the strong crane. Thomson's Autvmn. 
 
 3. A sijjhon ; a crooked pipe for drawing 
 liquors out of a cask. 
 
 Crane.s-bill. n. s. [from crane and bill.] 
 
 1. An herb. 
 
 2. A pair of pincers terminating in a point, 
 used by surgeons. 
 
 CKA'MUiM. n. s. [Lat.] The skull. 
 
 In wounds made by contusion, when the cra- 
 nium is a little naked, you ought not presently to 
 crowd in dossils ; for if'ihat contused flesh be well 
 digested, the bone will incarn with the wound 
 without much difficulty. Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 CRANK, n. s. [This word is perhaps a 
 contraction of crane-neck, to wliich it 
 may bear some resemblance, and is part 
 of the instrument called a crane.] 
 
 1. A crank is the end of an iron axis turned 
 square down, and again turned square to 
 the first turning down ; so that on the last 
 turning down a leather thong is slipt, to 
 tread tlie treddle-wheel about. Dloxon. 
 
 2. Any bending or winding passage. 
 I send it through the rivers of yjur blood. 
 
 Even to the court, the heart to lli'"scat o' th' brain ; 
 And through the cranb and offices of man. 
 The strongest nerves, and small inferiour veins. 
 From me receive that natural competency, 
 Whereby they live. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 3. Any conceit foimed by twisting or 
 changing, in any manner, the form or 
 meaning of a word. 
 
 Haste thee, nymph, and bring with thee 
 Jest and youthful jollity. 
 Quips and cranks, and wanton wiles. 
 Nods and becks, and wreathed smiles. 
 Such as hang on Hebe's cheek. 
 And love tolive in dimple sleek. Wilton. 
 
 Crank, adj. [from onkranik, Dut. Skin- 
 ner i\ 
 
 1. Healthy; sprightly: sometimes cor- 
 rupted to cranky. Not in use. 
 
 They looken bigge, as bulls that been bate. 
 And b'earen the crag so slitfand so state 
 As cockle on his dimghill crowing crauke. Spenser. 
 
 2. Among sailors, a siiip is said to be 
 crank, when, by the form of its bottom, 
 or by being loaded too much above, it 
 is liable to be overset, [from kranck, 
 Dut. sick.] 
 
 To Cr a'n KLE. r. n. [from crank, as it sig- 
 nifies something bent.l To run in and 
 out ; to run in flexures and windings. 
 
 See bow this river conies me crankling in. 
 And cuts iiic from the best of all my land 
 A hu"e half moon, a monstrous cantle out. 
 
 ° Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 To Cra'nkt.e. v. a. To break into un- 
 equal surfaces ; to break into angles. 
 
 Old Vaga's stream, 
 Forc'd by the sudden shock, her wonted track 
 Forsook, and drew her humid train aslope, 
 Crankling her banks. Philips. 
 
 Cra'nkles. n. s. [from the verb.] Ine- 
 qualities ; angular prominences. 
 Cra'NKNESS. n. s. [from crank] 
 
 434
 
 C R A 
 
 1. Health; vigour. 
 
 2. Disposition to overset. 
 Cka'nnied. adj. [from cranny.1 Full 
 
 of chinks. 
 
 A wall it is, as 1 would have jou think, 
 That had in it a crannied hole or chink. Shahcsp 
 
 A very fair fruit, and not unlike a citron ; but 
 somewhat rougher chopt and crannied, vulgarly 
 conceived the marks of Adam's teeth. 
 
 Brown's Vutgar Kmnirs. 
 
 CRANNY, n. s. [cren, Fr. crena, Lat.] A 
 chink ; a cleft ; a fissui'e. 
 
 The eye of the understanding is like the eye of 
 the sense ; for as you may see great objects thro' 
 small cr(7n?ii<:5 or holes, so you may see great axioms 
 of nature through small and contemptible in- 
 stances. Bacons Nat. Hist, 
 
 And therefore beat and laid about, 
 To find a crnnnii to creep out. Hudibras. 
 
 In a firm building the cavities ought not to be 
 filled with rubbish, but with brick or stone, fitted 
 to the crannies. Dryden. 
 
 Within the soaking of water and springs, with 
 streams and currents in the veins and crannies. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 He skipped from room to room, ran up stairs 
 and down stairs, from the kitchen to the garrets, 
 and he peeped into every a-anuy. 
 
 ArhutJinot's John Bull. 
 
 Crape, n. s. [crepa, low Lat.] A thin 
 stuff, loosely woven, of which the dress 
 of the clergy is sometimes made. 
 
 And proud Roxana, fir'd with jealous rage, 
 With fifty yards of crape shall sweep the stage. 
 
 Suift. 
 '^ To thee I often call'd in vain, 
 ' Against that assassin in crape. Swift. 
 
 'TisTrom high life high characters are drawn ; 
 A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. Pope. 
 Cra'pulence. 71. .5. [crapula a surfeit, 
 Lat.] Drunkenness ; sickness by in- 
 temperance. Diet. 
 Cra'pulous. adj. [crapulosus, Lat.] 
 Drunken ; intemperate ; sick with in- 
 temperance. Diet. 
 To CR.ASH. v.n. [a word probably formed 
 from the thing.] To make a loud com- 
 plicated noise, as of many things falling 
 or breaking at once. 
 
 There shall be a great crashing from the hills, 
 r _ Zeph. i. 10. 
 
 When convulswns cleave tlie lab'ring earth. 
 Before the dismal yawn appears, the ground 
 Trembles and heaves, the nodding houses craih. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 To Crash, t'. a. To bi-eak or bruise. 
 
 Wy m.Tster is the great rich Capulet ; and if 
 you be not of the house of jMontague, I i --av 30U 
 come and crash a cup of wine. isi-akesp. 
 
 Mr. Wurburton has it, crush c cup of 
 wine. 
 
 To crash, says Hanmer, is to be merry: 
 a crash being a word still used in some 
 counties for a merry bout. It is surely 
 better to read crack. See Ckack. 
 Cra.sh. 11. s. [from the verb.] A loud 
 sudden mixed sound, as of many things 
 broken at the same time. 
 
 Senseless Ilium, 
 Seeming to feel this blow, with flaming top 
 Sloops to bis base ; and, with a hideous crash, 
 Takes prisoner Pyrrhus' ear. Shakesp. Handel. 
 Woraliziiig sat I by the hazard-table : I looked 
 upon the uncertainty of riches, the dccav of beau- 
 ty, and the C'ra h of worlds, with as much con- 
 tempt as ever Plato did. Pope. 
 
 CRA'SIS. n. s. [xfSo-K.] Temperattu-e ; 
 constitution arising from the various 
 properties of humours. 
 
 The fancies of men are so immediately diver- 
 
 C R A 
 
 sified by the individual eras/.*, that every man owns 
 sometlnng wherein none is like liini. Otanrille. 
 A man may be naturally inclined to pride, hist, 
 and anger ; as these inclinations are foundcil in a 
 peculiar crasis and constitution of the blood and 
 spirits. South. 
 
 CRASS, adj. [crassii.i, Lat.] Gross; 
 coarse; not thin; not comminuted; nol 
 subtle ; not consisting of small parts. 
 
 Iron, in aquafortis, will fall into ebullition, 
 with noise and emication ; as also a rra5.s and 
 fumid exhalation, caused from the combat of the 
 sulphur of iron with the acid and nitrous spirits of 
 aquafortis. Brmim's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 IMetals are intermixed with the common terres- 
 trial matter, so as not to be discoverable by human 
 industry ; or, if discoverable, so diffused and scat- 
 tered amongst the crasser and more unprofitable 
 matter, that it would never be possible to separate 
 and extract it. Woodward's Natural Ilislon/. 
 
 Cra'ssitude. u. s. [erassiludo, Lat.] 
 Crossness ; coarseness ; thickness. 
 
 They must be but thin, as a leaf, or a piece of 
 paper or parchment ; fur, if they have a greater 
 crassitude, they will alter ill their own body, though 
 they spend not. Bacon. 
 
 The Dead Sea, which vomiteth up bitumen, is 
 of that crassitude, as living bodies, bound band and 
 foot, cast into it, have been borne up, and not 
 sunk. Bacon's Kalural Historu. 
 
 The terrestrial matter carried by rivers iiito the 
 sea, is sustained therein partly by the greater cras- 
 situde and gravity of the sea-water, and partly by 
 its constant agitation. Woodward. 
 
 Crastina'tion 
 
 n. s. [from eras, Lat. 
 
 to-morrow.] Delay. Diet. 
 
 Cratch, n. s. [creche, Fr. crates, Lat.] 
 
 The palisaded frame in which hay is 
 
 put for cattle. 
 
 \Vhen, being expelled out of Paradise by reason 
 of sin, thou wert held in tiie chains of death ; J 
 was inclosed in the virgin's womb, I was laid in 
 the cratch, 1 was wrajiped in svvathling-cloaihs. 
 
 Hakeu'ill on Providence. 
 Crava't. n. s. [of uncertain etyinology.] 
 A neckcloth ; any thing worn about 
 the neck. 
 
 Less delinquents have been scourg'd, 
 And hemp on wooden anvils forg'd ; 
 Which others for cravats have worn 
 About their necks, and took a turn. Hudihras. 
 The restrictives were applied, one over another, 
 to her throat : then we put her on a cravat. 
 
 Wi.^maji's Surgcnj. 
 
 To CR.WE. V. a. [cpapian. Sax.] 
 1. To ask wit!) earnestness ; to ask with 
 submission ; to beg ; to entreat. 
 
 ^Vhat one petition is there found in the whole 
 Litany, whereof we shall ever be ableatanv time 
 to say, that no man living needeth the grace or 
 benefit therein craved at God's hands ? Hooker. 
 As for my nobler friends, I crare their pardons ; 
 But for the mutable rank-scented many. 
 Let them regard me as 1 do not flatter. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriohmns 
 The poor people, not knowing where to bide 
 themselves from the fury of their enemies, nor of 
 whom to crave help, fleci as men and women dis- 
 mayed. Kuolles 
 1 would crave leave here, nnder the word action, 
 to comprehend the forbearance too of any action 
 proposed. Locke. 
 
 Each ardent nymph the rising current crarrs. 
 Each shepherd's pray 'r retards the parting waves. 
 
 Prior. 
 •2. To ask insatiably. 
 
 The subjects arm'd, the more their princes gave, 
 Th' advantage only took the more to cratr. 
 
 Vcnhom. 
 
 Him dost thou mean, who, spite of all his store. 
 
 Is ever craving, and will still be poor? 
 
 \\"ho cheats for halfpence, and « ho dofls his coat 
 
 To save a farthing in a ferry-boat ? Dnjd. Persins. 
 
 3. To long ; to wish inu'easonably. 
 
 C R A 
 
 Levity pushes us on from one vain desire to an- 
 other, in a regular vicissitude and succe«<ion of 
 cravings md satiety. L' 1m range. 
 
 He IS actually under the ]»owerof a tcmptaiioii, 
 and the sway of an impetuous lust ; both burryine 
 bim to satisfy the cravings of it by some wicked 
 action. Siuth. 
 
 4. To call for importunately. 
 
 lie>low 
 Your needful counsel to our businesses. 
 Which cruie the instant use. Shakap. King Lear. 
 The antecedent concomitiints and elfectsof such 
 a constitution, are acids, t.-.ken in too great quan- 
 tities ; sour eructations, and a craving appetite, 
 esjiecially of terrestrial and absorbent sllb^t.^ncc5. 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 5. Sometimes with for before the thing 
 sought. 
 
 Once one may crave far love. 
 But more would prove 
 This heart too little, that too great. .Suckling. 
 Cra'ven. ti. s. [derived by Skinner from 
 ci-ave, as one that craves or begs his life : 
 perliaps it comes originally from the 
 noise made by a conquered cock.] 
 
 1. A cock conquered and dispirited. 
 What, is your crest a coxcomb ? 
 
 ——.\ comljless cock, so Kate will be my hen. 
 — No cock of mine ; you crow too like a croicn, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. A coward ; a recreant ; a weak-hearted 
 spiritless fellow. 
 
 Is it lit this soldier keep his oath ? 
 He is a craven and a villain else. Shak. H. V. 
 
 Craven. Of//. Cowardly ; base. 
 
 Upon his coward breast 
 A bloody cross, and on his craven crest 
 A bunch of hairs discolour'd diversly. Spenser. 
 
 \\ hether it"be 
 Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple. 
 Of thinking too precisely on th' event ; 
 A thought which, quarterd, hath but one part 
 
 wisdom. 
 And ever three parts coward. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Yet if the innocent some mercy find. 
 From cowardice, not ruth, did that proceed ; 
 
 His noble foes durst not bis craren kind 
 Exasperate by such a bloody deed. Fairfax, 
 
 To Craven, v. a. [from the ncun.] To 
 make recreant or cowardly. 
 
 'Gainst self-slaughter 
 There is a prohibition so divine. 
 That cravens my weak hand. Shakesp. Cumbeline. 
 Cra'ver. n. s. [from ei-ave.] An insati- 
 able asker. It is used in Clarissa. 
 To Craunch. I', a. [schrantsen, Dut, 
 whence the vulgar say more properly 
 to scraiineh.] 'I'o crush in the mouth. 
 This word is used by -Swijl. 
 Craw. n. s. [kroe, Dan.] The crop or 
 first stomach of birds. 
 
 In birds there is no niasiication or comminutioa 
 of the meat in the mouth ; but, in such as are 
 not carnivorous, it is immediately swallowed into 
 the crop or craic, or at least into"a kind of ante- 
 ston)acli, w hich t have observed in many, especi- 
 ally piscivorous birds. Hay <m the Creation. 
 Cr.a'wfish. n. s. [sometiiues written fj-flj/- 
 Jish, properly ererice ; in Fr. ecrevissc] 
 A small crustaceoHS fish found in brooks; 
 the small lobster of fresh water. 
 
 Those that cast their shell are the lobster, the 
 
 crab, the craujish, the bodiuatidod or dodman, 
 
 and tlic tortoise. Bactm. 
 
 I^et me to crack live crawfish recommend. Piye, 
 
 The common crawfish, and the large sea craic- 
 
 fis':. biith produce the stones called craDs eyes. /iiii. 
 
 To CU.VWL. r. «. [hielcH, Dut.] " 
 I. To creep; I o move with a slow mo- 
 tion ; to move without rising from the 
 ground, as a worm. 
 
 432
 
 C R A 
 
 I saw them under a ^rceii mantling vine. 
 That crawls along the side of jon small hill. 
 
 Milton. 
 That crawling insect, who from mud began ; 
 Warm'd by niy beams, and kindled into man ! 
 
 Druden, 
 The streams, but just contain'd withiu their 
 bounds, 
 Bv slow deqrees into their chainicls crawl ; 
 And earth increases as the waters fall. Dryden. 
 A worm finds what it searches after, oidy by 
 feeling, as it crawls from one thiiu; to another. 
 
 Orew's Cosmologia. 
 The vile worm, that yesterday began 
 To crawl ; thy fellow-creature, abject man. Prior. 
 
 2. To move weakly and slowly, or timo- 
 rously. 
 
 'Tis our first intent 
 To sliake all cares and business from our age. 
 While we unburthen'd crawl tow'rd death. 
 
 Shakcsp. King hear. 
 They like tall fellows crept out of the holes ; 
 and secretly crawling up the battered walls of tlic 
 fort, got into it. Knollti. 
 
 For the fleets of Solomon and tlie knigs of 
 Egypt, it is very apparent they went witli great 
 leisure, and crawled close by the shore-side. 
 
 Heylyn. 
 A look so pale no quartane ever gave ; 
 Thy dwindled legs seem crawling to a grave. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 He was hardlj'' able to crawl about the room, 
 far less to look after a troublesome business. 
 
 ArbuthnoCs John Bull. 
 Man is a very worm by birlh. 
 Vile reptile, weak and vain ! 
 A while he crawU upon the earth. 
 
 Thou shrinks to earth amin. Pope. 
 
 It will be very necessary for the threadbare 
 gownmaii, and every child who can craiif, to 
 watch the fields at harvest-time. Swift. 
 
 8. To advance slowly and slily. 
 Cranmer 
 Hath crawVd into the favour of the king. 
 And is his oracle. Uliakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 4. To move about liated and despised. 
 
 Reflect upon that litter of absurd opinions that 
 crawl about the world, to the disgrace of reason. 
 
 South. 
 
 How will the condemned sinner then crawl 
 
 forth, and appear in his filth, before that undefiled 
 
 tribunal ? South. 
 
 Behold a rev'rend sire, whom want of grace 
 Has made the father of a nameless race. 
 Crawl through the street, sliov'd on, or rudely 
 
 press'd 
 By his own sons, that pass him by unbless'd! Pojie. 
 
 Cra'wler. n. s. [from crawL'\ A cree- 
 per; any thing that creeps. 
 
 Cr.\'yfish. n. s. [See Crawfish.] 
 The river lobster. 
 
 The cure of the muriatick and armomack salt- 
 iiess require* slimy meats ; as snails, tortoises, 
 jellies, andri'ai//is/its. Flayer. 
 
 Cr.A-'yon. n. s. {crayon, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A kind of pencil ; a roll of paste to draw 
 lines with. 
 
 Let no day pass over you without drawing a 
 line ; that is to say, without working, without 
 giving some strokes of the [.eiicil or the crayon. 
 
 Dryden's DuJ'resnoy. 
 
 2. A drawing or design done with a pencil 
 or crayon. 
 
 To CRAZE. I', a. [ecraser, Fr. to break to 
 
 pieces.] 
 1. To break ; to crush ; to weaken. 
 
 In this consideration, the answer of Calvin unto 
 Farrel, concerning the children of popish parents, 
 doth seem crazed. Hooker. 
 
 Relent, sweet Hermia ; and, Lysander, yield 
 Thy crazed title to my certain right. Shahesp. 
 
 Till length of years, 
 And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 C R E 
 
 Tlicn through the fiery pillar, and the cloud, 
 God looking forth, will trouble all liis host. 
 And cni:e their chariot wheels. Milton. 
 
 2. To powder. 
 
 The tin ore passeth to the crazing mill, wliich, 
 between two grinding stones, bruiseth it to a fine 
 sand. Carew's Survey. 
 
 3. To crack the brain ; to impair tlie in- 
 tellect. 
 
 1 lov'd him, friend. 
 No fatlier his son dearer, true, to tell thee. 
 That grief hath craid my wits. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 Wickedness is a khid of voluntary frenzy, and 
 a chosen distraction ; and every sinner does wilder 
 and more extravagant things than any man can 
 do that is crazed and out of his wits ; only with 
 this sad difference, that he knows better what he 
 flues. Tillotson. 
 
 Cra'zedness. n. s. [froin ci-azed.] De- 
 crepitude; brokenness; diminution of 
 intellect. 
 
 The nature, as of men that have sick bodies 
 likewise of the people in the crnzednes.^ of their 
 minds, possessed with dislike and discontentment 
 at things present, is to imagine tliat any thing 
 would help them. Hooker. 
 
 Cra'ziness. n. s. [from crazi/.l 
 
 1 . State of being crazy ; imbecility ; 
 weakness. 
 
 Touching other places, she may be said to hold 
 them as one should do a wolf by the ears ; nor 
 will I speak now of tlie cra:infss of her title to 
 many of them. Howel's I'ocal Forest. 
 
 2. Weakness of intellect. 
 Cra'zy. adj. [ecraze, Fr.] 
 1. Broken; decrepit. 
 
 Come, my lord. 
 We will bestow you in some better place. 
 Fitter for sickness and for C)-a:u age. Shak. Hen.yi. 
 \\ hen people are crazy, and ni disorder, it is 
 natural for them to groan. L'Estrange. 
 
 •2. Broken-witted; shattered in the in- 
 tellect. 
 
 The queen of night, whose large command 
 Rules all the sea and half the land. 
 And over moist and crasu brains. 
 In high sprino-tides, at inidniglit reigns. Hudibras. 
 
 3. Weak ; feeble ; shattered. 
 
 Physick can but mend our craw/ state. 
 Patch an old building, not anew create. Dryden. 
 
 Were it possible that the near approaches of eter- 
 nity, whether by a mature age, a crazy constitn- 
 tion, or a violent sickness, should amaze so many, 
 had they truly considered. U ake. 
 
 Creaght. n. s. [An Irish word.] 
 
 In these fast places, they kept tlieir crenghts, or 
 herds of cattle, living by the milk ot the cow, 
 without husbandry or tillage. Dames an Ireland. 
 
 To Creaght. v. n. 
 
 It was made penal to tlie English to permit the 
 Irish to creag/it or graze upon their lands,or present 
 them to ecclesiastical benefices. Dailies on Ireland. 
 
 To Creak, v.n. [corrupted for cj-ac/c] 
 
 1. To make a harsh protracted noise. 
 
 Let not the creaking of shoes, nor the rustling of 
 silks, betray thy poor heart to women. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 No door there was th' unguarded house to keep. 
 On crea/iing hiiigos turn'd, to breakhis sleep. Dryd. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used of animals. 
 The crmfciii» locusts with my voice conspire. 
 
 They fried with heat, and I with fierce desire. 
 •^ Dryden. 
 
 CREAM, n. s. [cremor, Lat.] 
 1. The unctuous or oily part of milk, 
 which, wlien it is cold, floats on the top, 
 and is changed by the agitation of the 
 churn into butter ; the flower of milk. 
 
 It is not your inky brows, your black silk hair, 
 Your bugle eye-balls, nor your cheek of cream. 
 That can entame my spirits to your worship. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 C R E 
 
 1 am as vigilant as a cat to steal cream. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Cream is matured and made to rise speedily, by 
 putting in cold water; whicli, as it seemcth, get- 
 teth down the whey. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 How the drudging goblin swet. 
 To earn his cream-bowl duly set ; 
 When in one night, ere glimpse of morn. 
 His sluulowy flail hath thresh'd the corn. Milton. 
 
 Let your various creams incircled be 
 With swelling fruit, just ravish'd from the tree. 
 
 King. 
 
 Blilk, standing some time, naturally separates 
 into an oily liquor called cream; and a tninner, 
 bine, and more ponderous liquor, called skimmed 
 milk. Arltuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. It is used for the best part of any 
 thing: as, the cream of a jest. 
 
 To Cream, v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 gather cream. 
 
 There are a sort of men, whose visages 
 Do cream anri mantle fike a standing pond ; 
 And do a wilful stifl'ncss entertain. 
 With purpose to be drest in an opinion 
 Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit. 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 To Cream, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To skim off the cream. 
 
 2. To take the flower and quintessence of 
 
 any thing : so used somewhere by 
 Swift. 
 Cream-faced, ffrf/. [cream and faced.] 
 Pale ; coward-looking. 
 
 Thou cream-fac'd lown. 
 Where got'st thou that goose-look ? 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Cre'amy. adj. [from cream.] Full of 
 cream ; having the nature of cream. 
 
 CRE'ANCE. n. s. [Fr.] Is, in falconry, 
 a fine small line, fastened to a hawk's 
 leash when she is first lured. 
 
 CREASE, n. s. [from creta, Lat. chalk. 
 Skinner.] A mark made by doubling 
 any thing. 
 
 Jlen of great parts are unfortunate in business, 
 because they go out of the commim road : X oiicb 
 desired lord'Bolingbroke to observe, that the clerks 
 used an ivory knife, with a blunt edge, to divide 
 paper, which cut it even, only requiring a strong 
 liaiid ; whereas a sharp iienki'iife would go out of 
 the crease, and disfigure the paper. Swift. 
 
 To Cre'ase. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 mark any thing by doubling it, so as to 
 leave the impression. 
 
 To CREA IE. V. a. [crco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To form out of nothing; to cause to 
 
 exist. 
 
 In the beginning God created the heaven and 
 the earth. " Genesit. 
 
 We having but imperfect ideas of the operations 
 of our minds, and much imperfecteryetof the ope- 
 rations of God, run into great difficulties about 
 free created agents, which reason cannot well ex- 
 tricate itself out of. Locke. 
 , To produce ; to cause ; to be the occa- 
 sion of. 
 
 Now is the time of help : your eye in Scotland 
 Would create soldiers, and make women fi"ht 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 His abilities were prone to create in him great 
 confidence of undertakings, and tliis was like 
 enough to betray him to great eriuurs and many 
 enemies. King Charlet. 
 
 They eclipse the clearest truths by difficulties of 
 their own creat'ing, or no man could miss his way 
 to heaven for want of light. Decay of Piety. 
 
 None knew, till guilt created fear. 
 
 What darts or poison'd arrows were. 
 
 Poscommon. 
 
 Must I new bars to my own joy create, 
 Refuse myself what I lia"d forc'd from fate ? 
 
 Dryden's Aurengzehe. 
 
 436
 
 C R E 
 
 Long abstinence is troul)lesome to acid consti- 
 tutions, bv tlie uneasiness it creufes in tlie stomacli. 
 
 ArbutUnot. 
 
 8. To beget 
 
 Ami tlie issue there create 
 Ever shall lie fortunate. Shakcsp. 
 
 4. To invest with any new character. 
 Arise, my knights o' tli' battle : I create jou 
 Companions to our person, anil will fit you 
 With dignities becoming j our estates. 
 
 Shakcsp. CymheVine, 
 
 6. To give any new qualities ; to put any 
 thing in a new state. 
 
 The best British undertaker had but a propor- 
 tion of three thousand acres for himself, with 
 power to create a manor, and hold a court-baron. 
 Dames on Ireland. 
 Crea'tion. n. s. [from create.] 
 
 1. The act of creating or conferring exist- 
 ence. 
 
 Consider the immensity of the Divine Love, 
 expressed in all the emanations of his providence ; 
 iu his creation, in his conservation of us. Taylor. 
 
 2. The act of investing with new quali- 
 ties or cliaracter: as, the creation of 
 peers. 
 
 8. The things created ; the universe. 
 As subjects then llie whole creation came. 
 And from their natures Adam tliem did name. 
 
 Dcnham. 
 Such was tlie saint, who shone witli ev'ry grace, 
 Reflectine, Mjses-like, his master's face : 
 God saw his image lively was express'd. 
 And liis own work as his creation bless'd. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 Nor could the tender new creation bear 
 Th' excessive lieats or coldness of the year. 
 
 Dn^dens Virgil. 
 In days of yore, no matter where or when. 
 Before the low creation swarm'd with men. Pamel. 
 4. Any thing produced, or caused. 
 Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible 
 To feelinc as to sielit ? Or art thou but 
 A dagger of the mmd, a false creation, 
 Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain ? 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Crea'tive. adj. [from create.] 
 
 1. Having the power to create. 
 
 But come, ye generous muids, in whose wide 
 thought. 
 Of all his works, creatiDe beauty burns 
 With warmest beam. Thomsons Spring. 
 
 2. Exerting the act of creation. 
 
 To trace the outgoings of the Ancient of days in 
 the first instance, and of his creame power, is a 
 research too great for mortal enquiry. Siitth. 
 
 Ceea'tor. n. J. [creator, Lat.] The 
 being that bestows existence. 
 
 Open, ve iieavens, your living doors ; let in 
 The great" CrcattM-, from his work' return'd 
 Magniljcent ; his six days work, a world. 
 
 Milton. 
 When you lie down, close your eyes with a 
 short prayer, commit yourself into the hands of 
 your faithful Creator ; and when you have done, 
 trust him witn yourself, as you must do when you 
 are dv-ng. Taitlors Guide to Devotion. 
 
 Creature, n. s. [creafitra, low Lat.] 
 
 1. A being not self-existent, but created 
 by tlie supreme power. 
 
 Were these persons idolaters for the worship 
 they did not give to the creator, or for the worsliip 
 they did give to his creatures? Stiilingjleet. 
 
 2. Any thing created. 
 
 God's first creature was light. Bacon s New. Atl. 
 Imperfect the world, anoall the creatures in it, 
 must be acknowledged in many respects to be. 
 
 TUlotem. 
 8. An animal, not human. 
 
 The queen pretended satisfaction of her know- 
 letige only in killing creatures vile, as cats and 
 dogs. Shuhesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 C R E 
 
 4. A general term for man. 
 
 Yet criine in her could never crca/nre find j 
 But for liis love, and fur her own self sake, 
 She wandcr'd had from one to other Ind. Spenser. 
 
 I\Iost cursed of all creatures under sky, 
 Lo, Tautalus, I here tortnented lie. Spemer. 
 
 Though he might burst his lungs to call for 
 help, 
 No n-eatnre would assist or pity him, Roscommon. 
 
 5. A word of contempt for a human 
 bein;^. 
 
 Hence I liome, you 'h\\q creatures, get you lionic : 
 Is this a holiday ? Shakcsp. Julius CtEsar. 
 
 He would into the stews, 
 A'id from the common creatures pluck a irlove. 
 And wear it as a favour. Sbahexp. Rich. III. 
 
 I've litard that guilty creatures, at a plaj', 
 Have, hy the very cunning of the scene. 
 Been struck so to the soul, that presently 
 They have proclaim'd their maicfactioiis. 
 
 Shahesp. Hamkt. 
 
 Nor think to-nieht of thy ill nature, 
 But of thy follies, Idle creature. Prim: 
 
 A cood poet no sooner communicates his works, 
 hut it is imagined he is a vain young creature, 
 piven lip to the ambition of fame. Pope. 
 
 6. A word of petty tenderness. 
 
 And then, Sir, would he gripe and wring ray 
 hand ; 
 Cry, Oh sweet creature .' and then kiss me hard. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Ah, cruel creature, whom dost thou despise ? 
 The gods, to live in woods, have left the skies. 
 
 Drydens Vir^U. 
 
 Some young creatures have learnt" their letters 
 
 and syllables oy having them pasted upon little 
 
 tablets. Watts. 
 
 7. A person who owes his rise or his for- 
 tune to another. 
 
 He sent to colonel Massev lo send him men, 
 which he, being a creature of Essex's, refused. 
 
 CUiretidon. 
 The duke's creature he desired to be esteemed. 
 
 Clarendim, 
 Great princes thus, when favourites they raise. 
 To justify their grace, their creatures praise. 
 
 Drpden. 
 
 The design was discovered by a person whom 
 
 every body knows to be the creature of a certain 
 
 great man. Su-iJ't. 
 
 Cre'aturely, adj, [from creature,] 
 Having the qualities of a creature. 
 
 The several parts of relatives, or creaturely infi- 
 nites, may have finite proportiuns to one another. 
 Cheyne's Phibsophical Pr'iuciples. 
 
 Cre'bitude. n. s. [from creber frequent, 
 Lat.] Frequentness. Did. 
 
 Cre'brous. adj, [from creber, Lat.] 
 Frequent. Diet, 
 
 CRE'DENCE. «. s, [from credo, Lat. 
 credence, Norman, Fr.] 
 
 1. Belief; credit. 
 
 Ne let it seem that credence this exceeds. 
 For he that made the same was known right well 
 
 To have done rauch more admirable deeds ; 
 It ISIcrlin was. Spenser. 
 
 Love and wisdom, 
 Approv'd so to your majesty, may plead 
 Tor ample credence. Shahesp. 
 
 They did not only underhand give out that this 
 ■was the true earl ; but the friar, finding some 
 credence in the people, took boldness in the pulpit 
 to declare as much. Bacon. 
 
 2. That which gives a claim to credit or 
 belief. 
 
 After they had delivered to the king their let- 
 ters of credence, they were led to a chamber richly 
 furnished. Hayuari. 
 
 CREDENDA. n. s. [Lat.] Things to 
 be beheved; articles of faith: distin- 
 guished in tlieology from agenda, or 
 practical duties. 
 
 C R E 
 
 These were the great article* and eredeiula of 
 Christianity, that so rauch startled the world. 
 
 South. 
 Cre'dent. adj. [credens, iM.] 
 
 1. Believing ; easy of belief. 
 
 Then weigh what loss jour honour may sustain. 
 If with too credent ear you list' his soncs. 
 
 Shakesp. UamUt. 
 
 2. Having credit ; not to be questioned. 
 Less proper. 
 
 Aly authority bears a crol^t bulk, 
 I'hat no particular scandal c.icc can touch, 
 But it confounds the breather. 
 
 t^hak. Measure/or Mrasnre 
 
 Crf.denti.al. fi. i. [from crrrfrn?, Lat.] 
 
 That which gives a title to credit ; tlie 
 
 warrant upon •wliich belief or authority 
 
 is claimed. 
 
 A few persons of an odious and despised conn* 
 try could not have filled the world with believers, 
 had thev not shewn undoubted credentials from the 
 Divincl-*erson who sent them on such a message. 
 Addisim on the Christian Religion. 
 Credibi'lity. 71. s. [from credible.] 
 Claim to credit ; possibility of obtaining 
 belief; probability. 
 
 The first of those opinions I shall shew to be al- 
 together incredible, and the latter to have all the 
 credibility and evidence of which a thing of that 
 nature is capable. TiUotsm. 
 
 Calculate the several decrees of credibility and 
 conviction, by which the one evidence surpassetb 
 the other. jitlerhury. 
 
 CRE'DIBLE.at/;. [credibilis.Lzt.] Worthy 
 of credit; deserving of belief; having 
 a just claim to belief. 
 
 The ground of credit is the credibility of things 
 credited ; and things are made credible, either bj 
 the known condition and <|uality of the utterer, 
 or by tlie manifest likelihood of truth in them- 
 selves. Hooker. 
 
 None can demonstrate to rae, that there is such 
 an island as Jamaica ; yet, upon the testimony of 
 credible persons, I am free frojn doubt. Tillotson. 
 
 Cre'dibleness. n. s. [from crcdibh.] 
 Credibihty ; worthiness of beUef; just 
 claim to belief. 
 
 The ere (iifc/f ness of a good part of these narralivei 
 has been confirmed to me by a practiser of phy- 
 sick. Boyle. 
 
 Cre'dibly. adr. [from credible.] In a 
 manner that claims belief. 
 
 This, with the loss of so few of the English as is 
 scarce credible; being, as halh been rather con- 
 ficlently tbaji credibly reported, but of one man, 
 though' not a few hurt. Bacon, 
 
 CREDIT, n. s. [credit, Fr.] 
 
 1. Belief faith yielded to another. 
 
 WhcTi the people heard these words, they gave 
 no credit uuto thera, nor received them. 
 
 1 Mac. X. 46. 
 I may give credit to reports. Addison's Spectator. 
 Some secret truths, fruju learned pride con- 
 ceal'd. 
 To maids alone and children are reveal'd : 
 What though no credit doubling wits may give. 
 The fair and iinioccnt shall still iwlicve. Pope. 
 
 2. Honour; reputation. 
 
 I published, because I was told I might please 
 such as it was a crt-(/j( to please. Pope. 
 
 ;5. Esteem ; good opinion. 
 
 There is no ticcayini; ntercbant, or inward beg- 
 gar, hath so many tricks to upholii the credit of 
 tiieir wealth, as these empty persons have to 
 maintain the credit of their sutficiency. Bacon. 
 
 His learning, though a poet said it. 
 Before a play, would lose no crcrfit. Stcift. 
 
 Yes, Willie I live, no rich or irihle knave 
 Shall walk the world iu credit to his grp.ve. 
 
 Pojic^s Horace. 
 
 4. Faitli ; testimony ; that which procure* 
 belief. 
 
 437
 
 C R E 
 
 We are contenie.i lo take this upon your credit, 
 and to think it may be. Hooker. 
 
 The things which we properly believe, be only 
 such as are received upon the credit of divine tes- 
 timony. Hooker. 
 
 'J"he author would have done weil to have left 
 so great a paradox only to the credit of a single as- 
 sertion. Locke. 
 5. Trust reposed, witli regard to pro- 
 perty: correlative to debt. 
 
 Credit is nothing but tlie expectation of mone}', 
 within some Hiiiited time. Locke. 
 
 G. Promise given. 
 
 Tliey have never thought of violating the pub- 
 lick r;rdi(, or of alienating the revenues to other 
 uses than to w hat they have been thus assigned. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 7. Influence; power not compulsive ; in- 
 terest. 
 
 She employed his uttermost credit to relieve us, 
 which was as great as a beloved son with a mo- 
 ther. Sidneif. 
 
 They sent him likewise a copy of their suppli- 
 cation to the kini,', and desired him to use his cre- 
 dit that a treaty might be entered into. Clarendon. 
 
 Having credit enough with his master to pro- 
 vide forTiis own interest, he troubled not himself 
 for that of other men. Clareruhm. 
 
 To Cre'dit. v. a, [credo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To believe. 
 
 Now I change my mlud. 
 And partly credit things that do presage. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Cttsar. 
 
 To credit the uninlelligibility both of this union 
 
 atid motion, we need no more than to consider it. 
 
 GUinville. 
 
 2. To procure credit or honour to any 
 thing. 
 
 May here her monument stand so. 
 To credit this rude age ; and sliow 
 Tu future times, that even we 
 Some patterns did of virtue see. Waller. 
 
 It was not u])on design to credit these papers, 
 nor to compliment a society so much above flat- 
 tery. Gianville. 
 At present you credit the church as much by 
 your government, as you did the school formerly 
 by your wit. South. 
 
 3. To trust; to confide in. 
 
 4. To admit as a debtor, 
 Cre'ditable. adj, [from credit,'] 
 
 1. Rej)utable ; above contempt. 
 
 He settled him in a good creditable way of liv- 
 ing, having pruciired Inm b}* his interest one of 
 tlie best pFaces of the country. 
 
 Arbuthnot's John Bull. 
 
 2. Honourable ; estimable. 
 
 The contemplation of things, that do not 
 serve to promote our iiappiness, is but a more 
 specious sort of idleness, a more pardonable and 
 creditable kind of ignorance. Tilbtson. 
 
 Cre'ditableness. 71. s. [from credita- 
 ble.'] Reputation; estimation. 
 
 Among all thc^e snares, there is none more 
 entangling than the creditableness and repute of 
 customary' vices. Decay of Pietu. 
 
 Cre'ditably. adv, [from credit able.] 
 Reputably; without disgrace. 
 
 INIany will chuse rather to neglect their duty 
 safely and creditably, than to get a broken pate in 
 the church's service, only to be rewarded with 
 t at which \v\\\ break their hearts too. South. 
 
 Cre'ditor. n. s. [creditory Lat.] 
 1. He to Avhom a debt is owed; he that 
 gives credit : cot relative to debtor. 
 
 There came divers of Antonio's crediton in my 
 company to Venice, that swear he cainiot chuse 
 but break. Shakesp. 
 
 I am so used to consider myself as creditor and 
 debtor, that 1 often state my accounts after the 
 same manner, with regard to heaven and my own 
 soul. Addismi's Spectator. 
 
 C R E 
 
 No man of honour, as that word is usually nn- 
 derstond, did ever prclond that his honour obliged 
 him to be chaste or temperate, to pay his creditors, 
 to be useful to Ins country, to do good to man- 
 kind, to eiuhavour lo he wise or learned, to regard 
 his wortl, his promise, or his oath. SwiJ't. 
 
 2. One who credits, one who believes. 
 Not used. 
 
 Many sought to feed 
 The easy creditors of novelties, 
 By voicnig him alive. Shakesp. 
 
 Credu'lity. n. s, [cred7ilite, Fr. credn- 
 lit as, Lat.] Easuiess of belief; readi- 
 ness of credit. 
 
 The poor Plangus, being subject to tliat only 
 disadvantage of honest hearts, cred)//i7y, was per- 
 suaded by him. Sidneu- 
 
 'I'he prejudice of credulity may, in some mea- 
 sure, be cured, by learning to set a high value on 
 truth. Watts s Lflgick. 
 
 CREDULOUS, adj. [credtilns, Lat.] 
 Apt to believe; unsuspecting; easily 
 deceived. 
 
 A credulous father, and a brother noble, 
 AVhose nature is so far from doing harm, 
 'I'hat he suspects none. Shakesp. Kin^Lear. 
 
 \\ ho now enjoys thee credulous ail gold, 
 
 Who always vacant, always amiable, 
 
 Hopes thee, of llatlcry gales 
 
 Unmindful, hapless they, 
 
 T' whom thou untry'd seera'st fair. Milton. 
 
 Cre'dulousness. n.s. [irom credulous.] 
 Aptness to believe ; credulity. 
 
 Creed, w. s. [from credo, the first word 
 of the apostles creed.] 
 
 1. A form of words in which the articles 
 of faith are comprehended. 
 
 The larger and fuller view of this foundation is 
 set down m the creeds of the church, 
 
 Hammond on Fundamentals. 
 
 "Will they, wlio decry creeds and creedmakcrs. 
 say tliat one who writes a treatise of morality 
 ought not to make in it any collection of moral 
 precepts ? Fiddes's Sermons. 
 
 2. Any solemn profession of principles or 
 opinion. 
 
 For me, my lords, 
 I love him not, nor fear htiu ; there 's my creed. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Creek, r. a. [See To Creak.] To 
 make a harsh noise. 
 
 Shall I stay here, 
 Creeking my shoes on the plain masonry ? Shakap. 
 CREEK. 71. s. [cjiecca. Sax. kreke, Dut.] 
 L A prominence or jut in a Avinding 
 coast. 
 As streams, which with their winding banks do 
 
 Stopp'd by their creeks, run softly through the 
 plain. Davies. 
 
 They on the bank of Jordan, by a creek, 
 Where winds with reeds and oziers whisp'ring 
 
 play. 
 
 Their unexpected loss and plaints outbreathed. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. A small port; a bay; a cove. 
 
 A law was made here to stop their passage in 
 every port and creek. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 3. Any turn, or alley. 
 
 A hack-friend, a shoulder-clapper ; one that 
 commands the passages of alleys, creeks, ami nar- 
 Hjw lands. Shakesp. 
 
 Cre'eky. adj. [from creek.] Full of 
 creeks ; unequal ; winding. 
 
 Who, leaning on the belly of a pot, 
 Ponr'd forth a water, who^e outgushing flood 
 
 Run bathing all the creeky shore a-flot. 
 Whereon the Trojan prince spilt Turnus' blood. 
 
 Spenser. 
 To CREEP. V, n. pret. ci'ept, [cjiypan. 
 Sax. krepa7ij Germ.] 
 
 C R E 
 
 L To move with the belly to the gi'ound, 
 without legs, as a worm. 
 
 Ye that walk 
 The earth, and stalely tread, or lowly creep! 
 
 Miltm. 
 And every creeping thing that creeps the ground. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 If they cannot distin^^uish creeping from flying, 
 
 let them lay down Virgil, and take up Ovid de 
 
 Ponto. Dryden. 
 
 2. To grow along the ground, or on other 
 supports. 
 
 'l"he grottos cool, witli shad^' poplars crown'd, 
 And creeping vines on arbours weav'd around. 
 
 Vryden* 
 
 3. To move forward without bounds or 
 leaps, as insects. 
 
 4. To move slowly and feebly. 
 
 To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, 
 Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. 
 To tlie last syllable of recorded tmie. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth 
 Why should a man 
 Sleep when he wakes, and creep into the jaundice 
 By being peevish? Shakesp. i\Icrc}iant of Venice. 
 
 He who creeps after plain, dull, counuon sense, 
 is safe from coiumilling absurdities, but ca;i never 
 reach the excellence of wit. Dryd. Tyran. Love* 
 
 5. To move secretly and clandestinely, 
 
 I'll creep up into the chimney. 
 
 •^Tliere tliey always use to discharge tlieir 
 birding-[)ieces : creep nitu the kiln-hule. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windscr. 
 Whate'er you are. 
 That in this desart inaccessible. 
 Under the shade of melancholy houghs. 
 Lose and neglect the crecjiing liours of time. Shah. 
 
 Of this sort are tliey which creep into houses, 
 and lead captive silly women. 2 Timoihii, iii, 6. 
 
 Thou makest darkness, and it is night wherein 
 all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. 
 
 Psalm civ. 20. 
 
 Now and then a work or two lias crept in, to 
 keep his ilrst design in countenance. Attcrhary, 
 
 G. To move timorously without soaring, 
 or venturing into dangers. 
 
 Paradise Li>st is admirable ; but am I therefore 
 bound to maintain, that there are no tlats amongst 
 his elevations, when it is evident he creeps along 
 sometimes for above an hundred lines together ? 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 We here took a little boat, to creep along the 
 
 sea-shore as far as Genoa. Addison on Italy, 
 
 7. To come unexpected; to steal forward 
 unheard and unseen. 
 
 By those gifts of nature and fortune he creeps, 
 nay he tiies, into the favour of poor silly women. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 It seems, the marriage of his brother's wife 
 Has crept too near his conscience,— 
 
 No, his conscience 
 
 Has crept too near another lady. Shak. Hen. VTII. 
 
 Necessity enforced them, after they grew full 
 of people, to spread themselves, and creep out of 
 Shniar, or Babylonia. l^aleigJi's Ilistorif, 
 
 None pretends to know from how remote cor- 
 ners of tliose frozen momitains some of those 
 fierce nations first crept out. Temple. 
 
 It is not to be expected that ever^' one should 
 
 fuard his understanding from being imposed on 
 y the sophistry whic^ creeps into most of the 
 books of argument. Locke. 
 
 3. To behave with servility ; to fawn; to 
 bend. 
 
 They were us'd to bend, 
 To send their smiles before them tn Achilles, 
 To come as humbly as they us'd to creep 
 To holy altars. Shakesp. Troilusajid Cressida, 
 
 Creeper, w. s. [from creep.] 
 I. A plant that supports itself by means 
 of some stronger body. 
 
 Plants that put forth their sap hastily, have bo- 
 dies not proportionable to their length ; therefore 
 thej' are winders or creepers, as ivy, briony, and 
 woodbine. !Bacon, 
 
 438
 
 C R E 
 
 2. An iron used to slide along the grate 
 in kitchens. 
 
 3. A kind of patten or clog worn by 
 women. 
 
 Cree'phole. 71. s. [creep and hole.} 
 
 i. A hole into which any animal may 
 
 creep to escape danger. 
 2. A subterfuge ; an excuse. 
 Cree'pingly. adv. [from creeping.] 
 
 Slowly ; after the manner of a reptile. 
 
 Tl.cjoy.wliicli wrought into Pygmalion's iiiiiicl, 
 
 ■was even sucli as, by each dcerce of Zelmanc's 
 
 words, crecpiuglu entered into Pliiloclea's. Sidneti. 
 
 Cree'ple. n's. [from creep.] A lame 
 
 person ; a cripple. 
 
 She to whom this worhl must itself refer 
 As suburbs or tlie microcosm of her, ^ 
 
 She, slie is dead, she's dead when thou know st 
 
 this. 
 Thou know'st how lame a creeple this world is. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Crema'tion. n, s. [crcmatio, Lat.] A 
 burninij. 
 
 CREMOR. n. s. [Lat.] A milky sub- 
 stance ; a soft liquor resembling cream. 
 
 The food is swallowed into the stomach, where, 
 mingled with dissolvent juices, it is reduced into 
 ^ cJivle or crejnor. luiii- 
 
 Crenated. adj. [from crena, Lat.] 
 Notched ; indented. 
 
 The nils are prettily crenated, or notched, quite 
 round the edges ; but not strailed down to any 
 depth. ICiwc/irarrf. 
 
 Cre'pane. 71. s. [With farriers.] An 
 ulcer seated in the midst of the forepart 
 of the font. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 To CREPITATE, v. n. [crepito, Lat.] 
 
 To make a small crackling noise. 
 Crepitation, n. s. [from crepitate.] 
 
 A small crackling noise. 
 Cre'pt. particip. [from creep.] 
 
 There are certain men crept in unawares. Jude. 
 This fair vine, but that her arms surround 
 Her married elm, had crept along the ground. Pope. 
 
 CREPU'.SCULE. n. s. [from crepusculum, 
 
 Lat.] Twilight. Diet. 
 
 Crepu'sculous. adj. [crepusculum, Lat.] 
 
 Glimmering ; in a state between light 
 
 and darkness. 
 
 A close apprehension of the one, might perhaps 
 
 afford a glimmering light and crepusculons glance 
 
 of the other. lirou^j. 
 
 The beginnings of philosophy were in a cre/)»5- 
 
 cu/oits obscurity, and It is yet scarce past the dawn. 
 
 Gtanvitle's Sceps>s. 
 
 CRESCENT, adj. [from crtsco, Lat.] In- 
 creasing; growing; in a state of increase. 
 
 I liave seen him in Britain ; he was then of a 
 crescent note. Shakes}). Cymbel'me. 
 
 With these in troop 
 Came Astoreth, whom the Pli(Biiicians call'd 
 Astarte, vjueen of heaven, with crescent hows. MUt. 
 
 Cre'sc'ENT, 71. $, [cresvenSj Lat.] The 
 moon in her state of increase ; any simi- 
 litude of the moon increasing, 
 
 Bly pow'r 's a crescent , and my auuarin^ hope 
 Says it will come to tli' full. Shah. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 Or Bactrian sophy, from the horns 
 Of Turkish crescent, leaves all waste beyond 
 The reahn of Aladule, in his retreat. Milton. 
 
 Jove in dusky clouds involves tlie skies, 
 Aiid the faint crescent shoots by fits before their 
 eyes. Drydcn. 
 
 And two fair crescents of translucent horn 
 The brows of all ihuir young increase adorn. 
 
 Pojie's OJj/SAfi/. 
 
 Cre'scive. adj. [from cresco, Lat.] In- 
 creasing; growing. 
 
 C R E 
 
 So the prince obscur'd his contemplation 
 Unttcr the veil of wildness, which no (hmht 
 Grew, like the summer grass, Tistest by niulit, 
 Unseen, yet crescive in liis faculty. Shak. Hen. V. 
 Cress, w. s. [perhaps from crc.sro, it 
 being a quick grower ; nasluriium, 
 Lat.] An herb. 
 
 Its tlowcr consists of four leaves, placed in form 
 of a cross; the pointal arises from the centre of 
 the tiower-cup, and hecumes a roundish .smootii 
 fruit, divided iiitu two cells, and furnished with 
 seeds, generally smooth. Miller. 
 
 His court, with neitlcs and will} cresses stor'd. 
 With soups uubought, and sallads, bleat his buard. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Cre'sset. 71. s. [c7'oissettey Fr. because 
 beacons had crosses anciently on their 
 tops.] A great light set upon a beacon, 
 light-house, or watch-tower. Hanmn'. 
 They still raise armies in Scotland by 
 carrying about the fire-cross. 
 
 At my nativity 
 The front of heav'n was full of fiery sparks, 
 Of burning cressets. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 From the arched roof. 
 Pendent by subtle magick, many a row 
 Of starry fauips, and blazing cresse(5, fed 
 Willi naphtha and asphaltus. yielded light 
 As from a sky. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 CREST. 71. s. [crista, Lat.] 
 
 1. The plume of feathers on the top of the 
 ancient helmet ; the helmet. 
 
 His valour, shewn upon our crests to-day, 
 Hath taught us how to cherish sucIi high deeds, 
 Ev'n iji the bosom of our adversaries. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 2. The comb of a cock ; whence Milton 
 calls him crtsted. 
 
 Others on ground 
 Walk'd firm ; the crested cock, whose clarion 
 
 sounds 
 The silent hours. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 3. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 
 
 Of what esteem crests were, in the time of king 
 Edward the Third's reign, may appear by his giv- 
 ing an eagle, which he hiraseli had formerly horn, 
 for a crest to William Montaciite, earl of Salisbury. 
 Camden s Remains. 
 The horn ; 
 It was a creit ere thou wast born : 
 Thy father's father wore it. Shak. As you like it. 
 
 4. Any tuft or ornament on the head ; as 
 some which the poets assign to serpents. 
 
 Tlieir crests divide, 
 And, tow'ring o'er his head, in triunifih ride. 
 
 Drydeiis Virgil. 
 
 5. Pride; spirit; fire; courage; loftiness 
 of mien. 
 
 When liorses should endure the bloody spur, 
 They fall their crests. Shakesp. 
 
 Cre'sted. adj. [from crest; cristatus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Adorned with a plume or crest. 
 
 The b(»ld Asralonites 
 Then grov'Hng soil'd their crested helmets in the 
 dust. Milton. 
 
 At this, for new replies he did not stay ; 
 But lac'd his crested helm, and strode away. Dryd. 
 
 2, \\'earing a comb. 
 
 1 he crested bird shall by experience know, 
 Jove made not him his master-piece below. Dritd. 
 
 Crest-fallen, adj. [nwsf and fall.] 
 Dejected ; sunk ; dispirited ; cowed ; 
 heartless; spiritless. 
 
 I warrant you, they would whip me with tlieir 
 
 fine wits, till X were as crest-fallen as a dried pear. 
 
 Shakesp, Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 They prolate their words in a whining kind of 
 
 querulous tone, as if they were still complaining 
 
 and cre.<l-J(illtn. //cicci. 
 
 Cre'stless. adj. [from a-est.] Not dig- 
 
 C R I 
 
 nified with coat-armour ; not of anj 
 
 eminent family. 
 
 His grandfather was Lionel duke of Chrence, 
 Third son to the third Kdward king of England, 
 Sprungcr«?/€ss yeomen from so deep a root, i/tafe, 
 
 CKET.\'CEOUS. adj. [creta chalk, Lat.] 
 
 1. Having the qualities of chiilk; chalky. 
 
 What gives the light, seems hard to say ; whe- 
 ther it be the crctitctous salt, the nitrous salt, or 
 some igneous particles. Grew. 
 
 2. Abounding with chalk. 
 
 Nor from the sable ground expect succesj, 
 Nor from rrctaceinu, sluhb(*ni and jejune. Philipt. 
 
 Creta'ted. adj. [crelatus, Lat.] Rub- 
 bed with chalk. Diet. 
 Crevice, n. s. [from crever, Fr. crepare, 
 Lat. to burst.] A crack ; a cleft ; a 
 narrow opening. 
 
 1 pried me through the crevice of a wall, 
 AVhen for his hand rie had his two sons heads. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I thought it no breach of good-manners to peep 
 
 at a crevice^ and look in at people so well era- 
 
 plojed. Addison's Spectator, 
 
 To Cre'vice. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 crack ; to flaw. 
 
 So laid, they are more apt in swasging down to 
 pierce with their points, thanin the jacent posture, 
 and so to crevice the wall. 11 ctton s Architecture. 
 
 CREW. n. s. [probably from cpub, Sa;.] 
 L A company of people associated for any 
 purpose : as gallant crew, for troops. 
 
 Chevi/-chase. 
 
 Tliere a noble creic 
 Of lords and ladies stood on every side, 
 Which with their presence fair the place much 
 beautified. 5 emcr. 
 
 2. The company of a ship. 
 
 The anchors dropp'd, his crew the vessels moor. 
 Drpden's JEncid. 
 
 3. It is now generally used in a bad sense. 
 
 One of the banish'd crew, 
 I fear, hath Tentur'd from the deep, to raise 
 New troubles. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 He, with a creie, whom like ambition joins 
 "With him, or under him to tyra- nize. 
 Marching from Eden tow'rds the west, shall find 
 The plain. Milton's Par L it. 
 
 The last was he, whose thunder slew 
 The Titan race, a rebel crew. Addison. 
 
 Crew, [the preterite o{ crow.] 
 
 The cock crew. Bib'.;, 
 
 Cre'wel. n. s. [kleurl, Dut.] Yarn 
 twisted, and wound on a knot or ball. 
 
 Take silk or creu-el. gold or silver thread, and 
 make these fast at the bent of the hook. 
 
 Wotton's Angler. 
 
 CRIB. n. s. [cjiybbe. Sax. crib. Germ.] 
 
 1. The rack or manger of a stable. 
 
 Let a beast be lord of l)ea5ts, and his crib shall 
 stand at the king's messe. Shakesp. Hamk:. 
 
 I'he steer and lion at one crih shall meet. 
 And harmless serpents lick the pilgrim's fe«t.Po/)«. 
 
 2. The stall or cabin of an ox. 
 
 3. A s.mall habitation ; a cottage. 
 
 \\h\ rather, sleep, lest thou in smoaky cr'ibs, 
 Upon*uncasy pallets stretchiiig thee. 
 Than in the perfum'd chambers of the great ? 
 
 ShakcTV. 
 
 To Crib. r. a. [from the noun.] To shut 
 up in a narrow habitation ; to confine ; 
 to cage. 
 
 Now I am cabbiii'd, crihb'd, confin*d, bound in 
 To saucy doubts and fears. Shakesp. Macbeth, 
 
 Cri'bbage. n. s. A game at cards. 
 Cri'bble. n. s. [cribrum, Lat.] A corn- 
 sieve. Diet. 
 
 4Sd
 
 C R I 
 
 Cribra'tion. n. s. [cribro, lat.] The 
 
 act of silling, or separating by a sieve. 
 Crick, n. s. 
 
 1. [FrommVco, Ital.] The noise of a door. 
 
 2. [From cpycif, Sax. a stake.] A painful 
 stiffness in the neck. 
 
 Cri'cket. ri. s. [krelccl, from krcken to 
 make a noise, Dut.] 
 
 1. An insect tliat squeaks or chirps about 
 ovens and iireplaces. 
 
 D'ulst ihou not liear a noise? 
 
 —I heard the owl scream, and tlie crickets cry. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Far from all resort of mirth. 
 
 Save the cricket on the hearth. Milton. 
 
 The solemn dcatli-watcli click'd the hour slie 
 
 died, 
 
 And shrilliiig crickets in the c' imncy cried. Gai). 
 
 2. [From cpyce, Sax. a stick.] A sport, at 
 ■which the contenders drive a ball with 
 sticks in opposition to each other. 
 
 The judge, to dance, his brother serjeant call ; 
 The senator at cricket urge the hall. Pope. 
 
 3. [From kritc/iai, Germ, to creep.] A 
 low seat or stool. 
 
 Cri'cketing Apple, n. s. A small 
 
 species of apple. 
 Cri'er. n. s. [from cri/.] Theofficer whose 
 business is to cry or make proclamation. 
 He opcneth his mouth like a crier. Eccl. xx. 1.5. 
 The criers command silence, and the whole mul- 
 titude present stand in a suspense. 
 
 Brerewood on Languages. 
 The crier calls aloud 
 Our old nobility of Trojan blood. 
 Who gape among the crowd for their precarious 
 food. Vriidcu. 
 
 CRIME, n. s. [crimen, Lat. crinie, Fr.] 
 An act contrary to right ; an offence ; a 
 great fault ; an act of wickedness. 
 
 High God, be wiHiess that I guiltless am ; 
 But if ymirself. Sir knight, ye guilty find. 
 Or wrapped be in loves of former dame, 
 With crime do not it cover, but disclose the same. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Undergo with me one guilt, one crime, 
 Of tasting. Milton. 
 
 Like in punisliment 
 As in their crime. Milton. 
 
 Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. Pope. 
 Cri'meful. adj. [froin crime and full.] 
 Wicked ; criminal ; faulty in a high de- 
 gree ; contrary to duty; contrary to 
 
 virtue. 
 
 You proceeded not against these feats. 
 So crime/ii( and so capita) in nature. Shak. Hamlet. 
 Cri'meles.s. ailj. [from crime.] Inno- 
 cent ; without crime. 
 
 My foes could not procure me any scathe, 
 So long as 1 am loval, true, and crimeless. 
 
 Shaket^p. Henry. VI. 
 Cri'minal. nflj. [from crime.] 
 1 . Faulty ; contrary to right ; contrary to 
 duty; contrary to law. 
 
 Live thou, and to thy mother dead attest. 
 That clear she died from blemish criminal. Spenser. 
 ^Vlmt we approve in our friend, we can hardly 
 
 be induced to think criminal in ourselves. Rogers. 
 
 2. Guilty; tainted with criiiae; not inno- 
 cent. 
 
 The neglect of any of the relative duties, ren- 
 ders us criminal in the sight of God. Rogers. 
 
 3. Not civil : as, a criminal prosecution ; 
 the criminal law. 
 
 Cri'minal. m. s. [from crime.'] 
 3. A man accused. 
 
 Was ever criminal forbid to plead ? 
 Curb your ill-manner'd zeal. Dryden'i Span, Fr. 
 
 2. A man guilty of a crime. 
 
 CRI 
 
 All three persons that had held chief place of 
 authority in their countries ; all three ruined, not 
 bv war, or by any other disaster, hut Ity justice and 
 sentence, as delliupients and criminals. Haeon. 
 
 Cri'.minally. adv. [from criminal.] 
 Not innocently ; wickedly; guiltily. 
 
 .'\s our ihiaigbis eMend to all subjects, they 
 may be crimirta//i/ employed on all. Rogers. 
 
 Cui'MiNALNESS. H.'s. [from criminal.] 
 Guiltiness ; want of innocence. 
 
 Cuimina'tion. v. s. [criminiilio, Lat.] 
 The act of accusing ; accusation ; ar- 
 raignment; cliarge. 
 
 Cri'.minatory. adj. [fiom crimina, Lat.] 
 Relating to accusation ; accusing ; cen- 
 sorious. 
 
 Criminous, adj. [criminosus, Lat.] 
 Wicked; iniquitous; enormously guilty. 
 The punishment that belongs to that great and 
 crimiiioiis guilt, is the forfeiture of his right and 
 claim to all mercies, which are made over to him 
 by Christ. Hammond. 
 
 Cri mtnously. adv. [from crimi7wiis.] 
 Enormously; very wickedly. 
 
 Some particular duties of piety and charily, 
 which were most criminuusly omitted before, //amm. 
 
 Cri'minousness. n. s. [from criminous.] 
 Wickedness ; guilt ; crime. 
 
 ] could never be convinced of any such criminous- 
 nfs.5inhim,a! willingly toexposehislifetotbeslroke 
 of justice, and malice of his enemies. King Charles. 
 
 Cri'mosin. adj. [crimosino, Ital ; com- 
 monly written as it is pronounced, 
 crimson.] A species of red colour. 
 
 Upon her head a crimson coronet. 
 With damask roses and daffadilies set, 
 
 Bay leaves between. 
 
 And primroses green. 
 Embellish the white violet. Spenser's Pa.itorah. 
 Crimp, adj. [from crumble, or crimble.] 
 
 1. Friable ; brittle ; easily crumbled ; 
 easily reduced to powder. 
 
 Now the f >wler, warn'd 
 Bv these good omens, with swift early steps, 
 I'reads the crimp earth, ranging through fields and 
 glades. _ Philips. 
 
 2. Not consistent; not forcible: a low 
 cant word. 
 
 The evidence is crimp; the witnesses swear hack- 
 wards and forwards, and contradict themselves 
 and bis tenants stick by him. Arbnthnot's J. Bull. 
 
 To Cri'mple. v. a. [from rumple, crum- 
 ple, crimplc.] To contract; to corru- 
 gate ; to cause to shrink or contract. 
 
 He passed the cautery through them, and ac- 
 cordingly crimpled them' u p. If iscman's Surgery. 
 
 CRIMSON, n. s. [crimosino, Ital.] 
 
 1. Red, somewhat darkened- with blue. 
 
 As crimson seems to be little else than a very deep 
 red, with an eve of blue ; so some kinds of red 
 seem to be little else than heightened yellow. 
 
 Boyle on Colours. 
 Why does the soil endue 
 The blushing poppy with a crimson liue ? Prior. 
 
 2. Red in general. 
 Can you blame her then, being a maid yet 
 
 rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty, if 
 she deny the appearance of a naked blind boy, in 
 her naked seeing self? Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Beauty's ensign yet 
 Is crimson in thy lips, and in thy chcek.s. Shakesp. 
 
 The crimson stream distaiu'd his arms around. 
 And the disdainful s'oul came rushing tbrnugb the 
 wound. •^ Dryden's /Kneid. 
 
 To Cri'mson. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To dye with crimson. 
 Pardon me, .Tubus. Here wast thou bay'd, 
 brave hart ! 
 Here didst thou fall ; and here thy hunters stand 
 Sign'd in thy spoil, and crimson'd iu thy lethe. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 CRI 
 
 Cri'ncum. n.s. [a cant word.] A cramp; 
 a contraction ; whimsy. 
 
 For jealousy is but a kind 
 Of cla[i and crincnm uf the mind. Hiidibras, 
 
 CRiNtiE. n.s. [from the verb.] Bow; 
 servile civility. 
 
 Let me be grateful ; but let far from me 
 Be fawning cringe, and false dissembling looks, 
 
 P/ii(ip». 
 To CRINGE, v.a. [from kricchen, Germ,] 
 To draw together ; to contract. 
 Whip him, fellows. 
 Till, like a boy, j'ou see iiim cringe bis face. 
 And wliiue aloud for mercy. Shak. Ant. and Cletrp, 
 
 To Cringe, v. n. [krieclien, Germ.] To 
 bow ; to pay court with bows ; to fawn ; 
 to flatter. 
 
 Flatterers have the flexor muscles so strong, that 
 they are always bowing and cringing. Arbuthnot. 
 
 The cringing knave, who seeks a place 
 Without success, thu t tells his case. Suifl. 
 
 Crini'gerous. adj. [criniger, Lat.] 
 
 Hairy ; overgrown with hair. Diet. 
 
 To CRl'NKLE. v. n. [krinckckn, Dut.] 
 
 To go in and out ; to run in flexures : 
 
 diminutive of crankle. 
 
 Unless some sweetness at the bottom lie. 
 WIio cares for all the crinkling of the pie ? 
 
 King's Cookery. 
 
 To Cri'nkle. v. a. To mould into ine- 
 qualities. 
 
 Crinkle, n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 wrinkle ; a sinuosity. 
 
 CRrNOSE.arf/-[fto™"'''""' Lat.] Hairy. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Crino'sity. w. s. [from crinose.] Hairi- 
 ness. Diet. 
 
 CRIPPLE, n. s. [cnypel. Sax. krepel, 
 Dut.] A lame man ; one that has lost 
 or never enjoyed the use of his limbs. 
 Donne, with great appearance of pro- 
 pi-iety, writes it creeple, from creep. 
 
 He, poor man, hy your first order died. 
 And that a winged Mercury did bear : 
 Some tardy cripple bad the countermand. 
 That came too lag to sec him buried. Shakesp. 
 
 I am a cripple in my limbs ; but what decays 
 are in my mind, the reader must determine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Among the rest there was a lame cripple'hom 
 his birth', whom Paul commanded to stand upright 
 on his f.ef. Be^itley. 
 
 Sec the Wind beggar dance, the cripple sin", 
 lunatick a king. ?' 
 
 ope. 
 
 To 
 
 The sot a hero, lu_... _ 
 
 To Cripple, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 lame ; to make lame ; to deprive of the 
 use of limbs. 
 
 Knots upon his gonlv joints appear. 
 
 And chalk is in his cripplid fingers found. l>ryd. 
 
 Tettyx, the dancing-master, threw himself from 
 
 the rock, but was crippled in the fall. Addison. 
 
 Cri'ppleness. ?i. ■■!. [from cripple.] Laine- 
 
 ness ; privation of the limbs. Diet. 
 
 Cri'.SIS. n. s. [x^ia-i?.] 
 
 1. The point in which the disease kills, or 
 changes to the better ; the decisive mo- 
 ment when sentence is passed. 
 
 Wise leeches will not vain receijits obtrude ; 
 Deaf to complaints, they wait upon the ill. 
 Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden. 
 
 2. The point of time at which any affai» 
 comes to the height. 
 
 This hour 's the very crisis of your fate ; 
 Your good or ill, your infamy or fame. 
 And all the colour of your life, de[>ends 
 On thi* important now. Pryden's Sptmisri Ftvr. 
 
 440
 
 C R I 
 
 The uiuliTtaking, wliich I am now laying down, 
 was entcroii upon in tlic very crisis of ihe hite re- 
 bellion, "lien it was the duty of every Briton to 
 contribute his utmost assistance to the govern- 
 ment, in a manner suitable to his slatioii and 
 abilities. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 CRISP, (iffj* [crispus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Curled. 
 
 Bulls a, c more crisp on the forehead than cows. 
 
 Baom. 
 
 The Ethiopian black, flat nosed, and crisp 
 
 t;aiied. Jlulc. 
 
 2. Indcntetl ; winding. 
 
 Vou nymphs, call'd iSJaiads, of the winding 
 brooks, 
 With vovir sedg'd crowns, and ever harmless 
 
 looks, 
 Leave your crisp channels, and on this green land 
 Answer your sunnnons j Juno does cuiumaiul. 
 
 isliakesp. 
 
 $, Brittle; friable. 
 
 \\\ frosty weather, musick within doors snund- 
 etli better'; which niav be by reason, not of the 
 disposition of the air," but of the wood or string 
 of tile instrument, which is made more crispt and 
 80 more porous and hollow. Bacon's Nat. Hint. 
 
 To Crisp, v. a. [crispo, I.at.] 
 1, To curl ; to contract into knots or 
 curls, 
 
 Severn, afl'iightcd with their Mnody looks, 
 Riin fearfully am(mg the tremblint: reeds, 
 And hid his msyj'd he.id ui tlie Iioliow bank. 
 
 Shiikfsp.Hen.lv. 
 Young I'd have him too ; 
 Yet a mail, with crisped \i{\\r. 
 Cast in thousand snares and rings. 
 For love's lingers, and his rings. Ben Jonson. 
 Spirit of wine is not only unfit for inflannnations 
 in general, but also crisps up the vessels of the 
 dura mater and brain, and sometimes produces a 
 gangrene. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 3. To twist. 
 
 Ali'iig ihe crisped shades and bow'rs 
 Revels tlie spruce and jocund spring. Millon. 
 
 3. To indent ; to run in and out. 
 
 From that saphine fount the crisped brooks. 
 Rolling on orient pearl and suids of gold. 
 Ran nectar, visiting each [)laat. Milton. 
 
 Crispa'tion. n. s. [from crisp.] 
 
 1. The act of curling. 
 
 2. Tlie state of being- curled. 
 
 Some ditVer in the hair and feathers, botli in tlie 
 quantity, crispation and colours of theui ; as he 
 lions are hirsute, and have great manes ; the she's 
 are suiooth, like cats. Bacon. 
 
 Cri'sping-pin. w. s. [from crisp.] A 
 curiinr^ iron. 
 
 The changeable suits of apparel, and the inaii- 
 Ues, aitd the wimples, and the crusning-jnns. 
 
 s Isaiah, iii. 22. 
 
 Crispisu'lcant. adj. [crispisufcfms, 
 Ijxi.] Waved, or undulating, ns li^dit- 
 nin.Ef is represented. Diet. 
 
 Cri'spness. ?i.s. [from cW.y^.] Curled- 
 ness. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 C R I 
 
 By what criteriim do yon eat, d'ye think. 
 If this is priz'd for sweetness, that for stink ? 
 
 Pope's Horace, 
 
 CRI'TICK. n. s. [x?m«!.] 
 
 1. A man skilled in the iirt of jaclp;ing of 
 literature ; a man able to distinguish the 
 faults and beauties of wntinir. 
 
 'I'liis settles triKT idcris in men's Illinois of sove- 
 
 _ rril filings, wlieredf \vc read the imines in ancirnt 
 
 authors, llian all the large aiid laborious argii- 
 
 njents of critirks. l^ckt. 
 
 j\"')\v learn what morals critich oiiglit to shuw, 
 F(tr 'lis but hall' a judge's task to know. Pojie. 
 
 2. An examiner ; a judne. 
 
 l^ut you with pleasure own your crrours past. 
 And make each day a critick on the last. 
 
 3. A snarler ; a carper ; a caviller. 
 
 Crtticks I saw, that others names deface 
 And fi.v their own with labour in their place. 
 
 Where an autlior lias many beauties consislent 
 with virtue, piety, and trut"li, let not little cri- 
 ticl:s exalt themselves, and shower down their ill- 
 nature. Watts. 
 
 4. A censurer, a man apt to find fault. 
 
 lUy chief desii^n, next to seeing you, is to he 
 a severe critick on your and you neiglihonr. Swift. 
 
 Critick. at/J. Critical, relating to ciiii- 
 cisra ; relatiiijT to the ai't of judging of 
 literary performances. 
 
 Thence arts o'er all tiie northern world advance, 
 But critick learning ilourish'd most in France 
 
 Pi'pe. 
 
 Cra'TirK. n. ,<t. 
 
 I. A critical examination ; critical re- 
 marks ; animadversions. 
 
 1 should be glad if I could persuade him to 
 
 continue his good ojHces, and write such another 
 
 critick on any thing of mine. Driidcii. 
 
 I should as soon expect to see a crititjue on Ihe 
 
 jioesy of a ring, as on the inscription ol a medal. 
 
 Addison on Medals. 
 
 2. Science of criticism. 
 
 If ideas and wo (Is were distinctly weiglied, 
 and duly considered, they w'ould ati'ord us an- 
 other sort of logick and critick than what we liave 
 been hitherto acquainted with. L^vke. 
 
 What is every \ ear of a wise man's life, but a 
 censure and critique on the past ? Pope. 
 
 A'ot that my ((uill to criticks was confined ; 
 ]\Iy verse gave ampler lessons to mankind. Pope. 
 
 Tu Cri'tick. v. n. [from critick.] To 
 play the critick ; to criticize. 
 
 They do but trace over the paths that have been 
 beaten by the ancients ; or comment, critick, and 
 flourish upon iheni. Temple, 
 
 I 
 
 Cri'tic.\l. a(/J, [from critick.] 
 
 1. Exact ; nicely judicious ; accurate ; 
 
 Cri'spy. adj. [from crisp.] Curled. 
 
 S[i are those crispy snaky locks, oft known 
 To be the dowry of a second liead. 
 
 Sliukisj). Mtrchantof Venice. 
 Crite'rion. n.s. [x^n^^iot.] A mark by 
 which any thing is judged of, with re- 
 gard to its goodness or badness. 
 
 !\futual agreement and endearments was the 
 badge of primitive believers; but we may be 
 kfloivii by the contrary criterion, 
 
 , . G/uni'ii/e'5 Scq>sis 
 
 We have here a sure infallible criterion, by 
 which every man may discover and lind out tire 
 gTa,cious or ungracious disposition of his own 
 «af«- South. 
 
 Vol. I, 
 
 diligent. 
 
 It is submitted to the judgement of more critical 
 ears, to direct and determine what is graceful and 
 what is not. " Holder. 
 
 Virgil was so critical in the rites of religion, 
 that he would never have brought in such pra\ ers 
 as these, if they had not been agreeable to" the 
 Roniiin customs. UliUing/hct. 
 
 2. Kelating to criticism : as, /le wrote a 
 cniicxxX dissertation on the last plaj/. 
 
 3. Captions : inclined to find fault. 
 "What wouldst tliou write of me, if thou shouldst 
 
 jiraise nie J* — 
 O, gentle lady, do not put me to 't ; 
 
 For 1 am nothing, if nut criticol. Sliakcsp. Othello 
 
 4. [from crisis.] Comprising the time at 
 which a great event is determitied. 
 
 The jiioun is suppi sed to be measured bv se- 
 vens, and the critical or decretory days to be de- 
 pendent on that number. Broums Vnlg, Err. 
 
 5. Decisive ; nice. 
 
 Opportunity is in respect to time, in some sense, 
 as lime is in respect to eternity : it is tile small 
 
 C R O 
 
 moment, the exact point, the cri/ica/ minute, on 
 which every good work so much depends. 
 
 Sjirutt't Sermtmi, 
 The people cannot but resent to see tlieir ap- 
 prehensions of the power of I'rance, in to critical 
 a juncture, wholly lairl a<)ide. -^-fjt. 
 
 6. Producing a crisis or change of the 
 
 disease: as, a, critical sweat. 
 Cri'tically. adr. [from criticnl.] 
 
 1. In u critical manner; exactly; curi- 
 ously. 
 
 Dillicnlt it is to understand the purity of Eng- 
 li'^h, and critically to riiscern good writers from 
 had, and a proper stile from a corrupt one, Vtyd. 
 
 These shells, which are digged up out of the 
 earlli, several hundreds of wliieh I now keep bj 
 nie, have been nicely and crittcaUy examined by 
 very many learned riJrn. IVooduard, 
 
 2. At the exact point of time. 
 Cri'ticalnkss. n. s. [from critical.] 
 
 Exactness ; accuracy ; nicety ; in- 
 cidence at a pariicular point of time. 
 To Cri'ticise. v. 7i. [from critick.] 
 
 1 . To play the critick ; to judge ; to write 
 rcmark.s upon any performance of litera- 
 ture ; to point out faidts and heauties. 
 
 They who can criticise so weakly, as to imagine 
 r havednne my worst, may be convinced, at their 
 own cost, that I can write severely with more case 
 than I can fiently. Dryden, 
 
 Know will each ancient's proper character ; 
 ^ViiJiout all this at once before your eyes. 
 Cavil you may hut never criticiic. Pope, 
 
 2. To animadvert upon as faulty. 
 Nor would I have his father look ^o narrowly 
 
 into th'?e accounts, as to take occasion from 
 thence to criticise on his e.xpenccs. Locke. 
 
 7o Criticise, v. a. [from crj7/cA*.] To 
 censure ; to pass judgment upon. 
 
 Nor shall I Inok upon it as any breach of cha- 
 rity, to criticise the author, so long as 1 keep 
 clear of the person. Add son. 
 
 Criticism, n.s. [£rom critick.] 
 
 1. Criticiniii, as it was first instituted by 
 Aristotle, was meant a standard of judg- 
 ing well. Drj/den's Innoctnce, Pre/. 
 
 2. Remark ; animadversion ; critical ob- 
 servations. 
 
 There is not a Greek or Latin critick, who has 
 not shewn, even in tlie style of his CJ-iticiCTOi, that 
 lie was a master of all the eloquence and delicacy 
 of his native tongue. Addis^m. 
 
 To CROAK. 
 
 V. n. [cpacezzan, Sax. cro- 
 
 varCy Ital. crocitare, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make a hoarse low noise, like a 
 frofj. 
 
 Tne subtle swallow flies about the brook, 
 And querulous frogs in muddy pools do croak. 
 
 May's VirgiL 
 
 So when Jove's block descended from ou high. 
 
 Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog, 
 
 And tlie hoarse nation croak'd. Pope. 
 
 Blaod.stuird in skins, isliritish christians food; 
 
 And France robs marshes of the croaking brood. 
 
 Gay, 
 
 2. To caw, or cry as a raven or crow. 
 
 The raven himself is hoarse. 
 That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan 
 Under my battlements. Shaketp, 
 
 'Jlie hoarse raven» on tlie blasted bough. 
 
 By croaking from the left, presag'd the coming 
 
 blow. Vrudcn. ' 
 
 At the same time the walk of elms, witli the 
 
 criHikin:^ of the ravens, looks exceeding sc'lcmn 
 
 and wnerable. Addisim. 
 
 3. It may be used in contempt for any 
 disao;reeable or offensive murmur. 
 
 Their understandings are but little instructed, 
 \\ hen all their whole time and pains is laid out to 
 still llie croaking of their own bellies. Locke. 
 
 3L 441
 
 C II o 
 
 Croak, n. s- [from the verb.] The cry 
 or voice of a tVog or riiven. 
 
 Tiic swallow skitiis the river's watry face ; 
 Tlic frogs renew the croahs of their loquacious 
 race. Dryden. 
 
 Was that a raven's croak^ or my son's voice ? 
 No matter which, I'll to the grave and hide me. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 Cro'ceous. adj. \croceus, Lat.] Con- 
 
 sislinjT of sali'ron, like saffron. Diet. 
 
 Cro'ci lATloN. n. s. [crociliilio, Lat.] 
 
 The croaking of froijs or ravens. Did. 
 
 CROCK, n. s. [krititk, Dm.] Acup; 
 
 any vessel made of earth. 
 Crockery, n. s. Earthen ware. 
 CUO'CODILE. 71. s. [from xfox®- saffron, 
 and Jsi?.»)» fearing.] An amphibious vo- 
 racious animal, in shape resembling a 
 lizard, and fomid in Egypt and the In- 
 dies. It is covered with lerj' hard scales, 
 which cannot, without great difficulty, 
 be pierced ; except under the belly, 
 where the skin is tender. It has a wide 
 throat, with several rows of teeth, sharp 
 and separated, which enter one another. 
 It runs with great swiftness ; but does 
 not easily turn itself. It is long lived, 
 and is said to grow continually to its 
 death. Some are fifteen or eighteen cu- 
 bits long. Crocodiles lay their eggs, 
 resembling goose-eggs, sometimes 
 amounting to sixty, near the water- 
 side, covering them with the sand, that 
 the heat of the sun may hatch them. 
 
 Cabnet. 
 Gloster's show 
 Beguiles him ; as the mournful crocodile 
 Willi sorrow snares relenting passengers. 
 
 Shukcsp. Hen. VI. 
 
 Crocodiles were thought to be peculiar inrto the 
 
 Nile. Broicn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Caesar will weep, the crocodile will weep. Dry. 
 
 Enticuig crocodiles, wliose tears are death ; 
 
 Syrens, that murder with enchanting breath. 
 
 Glanville. 
 Crocodile is also a little animal, otherwise called 
 stinx, very much like the lizard, or small crocodile. 
 It lives by land and water ; has four short small 
 legs, a very sluirp muzzle, and a short small tail. 
 It is pretty enough to look at, being covered all 
 over with little scales of the colour of silver, inter- 
 niixt with brown, and of a eold colour upon the 
 back. It always remains little. Treio'tx. 
 
 Cro'codiline. adj. [crocodilinus, Lat.] 
 Like a crocodile. Diet. 
 
 Cro'cus. «. s. a flower. 
 
 Fair handed Spring unbosoms every grace. 
 Throws out the snow-drop and the crocus first. 
 
 Thom.'ion. 
 
 Croft, n. s. \c]\oyz, Sax.] A little close 
 joining to a house, that is used for corn 
 or pasture. 
 
 This have I learn'd, 
 Tending my flocks hard by, i' th' hilly crofls 
 That brow this bottom glade. Miltoyi. 
 
 Croisa.!de. I n. s. [croisade, Fr. from 
 Croisa'uo. f cj'Oi.r a cross.] A holy 
 war ; a war carried on against infidels 
 under the banner of the cross. 
 
 See that he take the name of Urban, because 
 a pope of that name did first institute the cro«(i(/(j ,• 
 and, as with an holy trumpet, did stir up the 
 voyage for the Holy Land. Bacon. 
 
 Cro'ises. n. s. 
 
 I. Pilgrims who carry a cross. 
 
 C R O 
 
 2. Soldiers who fight against infidels un- 
 der the banner of the cross. 
 
 Crone, n. s. [c;ione, Sax. according to 
 Vcrste^an; kronie, Dut. according to 
 Skvi7ier.] 
 
 1. An old ewe. 
 
 Fresh herrings plenty Micliel brings, 
 With fatted crones, ana such old tilings. Tusser. 
 
 2. In contempt, an old woman. 
 
 Take up the bastard, 
 Take 't up, 1 sh^ ; give 't to thy crone. 
 
 Sluikesp. Winters Tide. 
 
 The crone being in bed with liiin on the wed 
 
 ding night, and hnding his aversion, endeavours 
 
 to win his affection by reason. Drifdcn. 
 
 Cro'nrt. n. s. The hair which grows 
 
 over the top of* a horse's hoof. 
 Cro'ny. 7i. s. [a cant Mvird.] An old ac- 
 quaintance ; a companion of long stand- 
 ing. 
 
 So wlien the Scots, your constant cronies, 
 The espousers of your cause and monies. Hudih, 
 To oblige your crony Swift, 
 Bring our dame a new year's gift. Swift. 
 
 Strange an astrologer slioula die 
 Without one wonder in the sky ! 
 Not one of all his cronu stars 
 To pay their duty at Ins herse ! Swift. 
 
 CROOK, n.s. [croc, Fr.] 
 
 1. Any crooked or bent instrument. 
 
 2. A sheephook. 
 
 I sing the man who Judah's sceptre bore 
 In that right hand which held the crook before. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 He left his crook, he left his flocks, 
 And wand'ring through the lonely rocks, 
 He nourish'd euflless woe. Prior. 
 
 3. Any thing bent ; a meander. 
 
 Thcr*^' fall those saphire-colour'd brooks, 
 Which conduit-like, with curious crooks, 
 Sweet islands make in that sweet land. Sidney. 
 To Crook, v. a. [cj^ochei'j Fr.] 
 
 1. To bend, to turn into a hook. 
 
 It is highly probable, that this disease proceeds 
 from a redundant acidity, because vinegar will 
 soften and crook tender bones. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 2. To pervert from rectitude ; to divert 
 from the original end. 
 
 Whatsoever atfairs pass such a man's bands, be 
 crooketh thera to h's own ends ; which must needs 
 be often eccentrick to the ends of his master or 
 state. Bacon. 
 
 To Crook, r. n. To be bent; to have a 
 curvature. 
 
 Their shoes and pattens are snouted and piked 
 more than a finger long, crooking upwards. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Cro'okback. w. s. [crook and back.] 
 A term of reproach for a man that has 
 gibbous shoulders. 
 
 Aye, crookhuck, here I stand to answer thee, 
 Or any he tiie proudest of thy sort. Shak. Hen. VI. 
 
 Cro'okbacked. 
 shoulders. 
 
 A dwarf as well may for a giant pass, 
 As nctiroe for a swan y a crookback'd lass 
 Be call d Euro(ia. Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 There are millions of truths that a man is not, 
 or may not think hiuiself, concerned to know ; as, 
 whether our king Richard III. was crookhacked or 
 no. Locke. 
 
 Ckoo'ked. adj. [crockery Fr.] 
 1. Bent; n.t straight; curved. 
 
 A bell or a Cannon may be heard beyond a hill 
 which intercepts the sight of the sounding budy ; 
 and sounds are propajiattrl as readily through 
 crooked pipes; as tbrougn straight ones. 
 
 Newton s Opticks. 
 
 Mathematicians say of a straight line, that it is 
 as well an index of Its own rectitude as of the ob- 
 liquity of a crooked one. Woodward's Nat. Hist, 
 
 adj. Having bent 
 
 C R O 
 
 •2. Winding; oblique; anfractuous. 
 
 A man shall ncvc'r want cnvked |ialhs to walk 
 in, if he thinks that lie is in the right way, where 
 ever he has the footsteps of others to follow. 
 
 Loche 
 
 Among the crooked lanes on every hedge. 
 The glow-worm lights his j;em. fhams. Summer. 
 3. l*erverse ; untoward ; without recti- 
 tude of mind ; given to obliquity of 
 conduct. 
 
 They have corrupted themselves : they are a 
 perverse and croohcd generation. Deul. x,xxii. H. 
 
 Hence, heap of wrath ; foul, indigested lump! 
 As crooked in thy manners as thy shape. 
 
 ^hakesp. Henry VI, 
 
 We were not born crooked ; we learned those 
 windings and turnings of the ser|ient. South. 
 
 Crookedly, adr. [from crooked.'] 
 
 I . Not in a straight line. 
 
 •2. Untowardly ; not compliantly. 
 
 If we walk perversely with God, he will walk 
 mio/tfri/i/ towards us. Taylor's liule of Living Holy. 
 
 Cuoo'kedness. n. s. [from crooked.] 
 1. Deviation from straightness ; curvity ; 
 the slate of being inflected ; inliection. 
 lie that knowelh what is straight, doth even 
 thereby discern what is crooked; because the ab- 
 sence of straightness, in bodies capable iliereof, 
 is crookedness. Hooker. 
 
 •2. Deformity of a gibbous body. 
 
 When the licathens olVered a sacrifice to their 
 false gods, they would make a severe seaich to 
 see if there were any crookedness or sjKit, any un- 
 cleaimess or deformity, in their sacrifice. 
 
 Taylor's Wortlni Commtinicaiit. 
 CROP. 71. s. [(pop. Sax.] The craw of 
 a bird ; the first stomach into which its 
 meat descends. 
 
 In birds there is no mastication or comminution 
 of the meat in the mouth ; but in such as are not 
 carnivorous, it is immediately swallowed hito the 
 crop or craw. ^cy. 
 
 But Huttering there they nestle near the throne. 
 And lodge in habitations nut their own. 
 By their high a'ops and corny gizzards knowrL 
 
 Urtjden. 
 Cro'pfull. adj. [crop and full.] Sa- 
 tiated ; with a full belly. 
 
 He, strefch'd out all the chimney's length. 
 Basks at the fire his hairy strength ; 
 And, crop-Jull. out of door he tlings 
 Ere tlie first cock his matin rings. Milton. 
 
 Cro'psick. adj. [crop and sick.] Sick 
 with repletion ; sick with excess and de- 
 bauchery. 
 Strange odds! where crop-sick drunkards must 
 engage 
 A hungry foe, and arm'd with sober rage. 
 
 Tute^s Juvenai. 
 Crop. n. s. [cpoppa. Sax.] 
 
 1. The highest part or end of any thing; 
 as the head of a tree, the ear of corn. 
 
 2. The harvest; the corn gathered off a 
 field ; the product of the field. 
 
 And this of all my harvest hope I have. 
 Nought reaped but a weedy crop of care. 
 
 Spenser's PastffreJs. 
 
 Lab'ritig the soil, and reai ing i>lentcous crop, 
 Corn, wine, and oil. Milton's Paradise Lost, 
 
 The fountain whicli from Helicon proceeds. 
 That sacred stream, should never water weeds. 
 Nor make the n-op of thorns and thistles grow. 
 
 \ Uoscommon. 
 
 Nothing is more prejudicial to your crop than 
 mowing of it too soon. Mortimer's Hasbandry. 
 
 3. Any thing cut off. 
 
 Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free. 
 It falls a plenteous crop reserv'd for thee. 
 
 Dryden's FabU$. 
 
 To Crop. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To cut off the ends of any thing; to 
 mow ; to reap ; to lop. 
 
 442
 
 C R O 
 
 Cropp'd are the flower-de-luces in your arms ; 
 Of England's coat, one half is cut away. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 He, upon whose side 
 The fewest roses are cropn'd from tlie tree. 
 Shall yield the other iu tne right opinion. 
 
 Sliitkesp. Henry VI. 
 All the budding honours on thy crest 
 I'll crop, to make a garland for my head. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 I will crop off from the top of his young twigs 
 a tender one, and will plant it upon an high 
 luouutain. Ezekiel, xvii 22. 
 
 I'licre are some tears of trees, whicli are comb- 
 ed from the beards of goats ; fur Mlien the goats 
 bile and cri^p tliein, especially in the mornings, 
 tlie dew bemg on, the tear "comcth forth, ami 
 hangeth upon their bea ds. Bacon's Kat. Hm. 
 No more, my goats, shall I bthuld you climb 
 The sleepy clitfs, or crnp the Huw'ry thynje ! 
 
 Urydens Virgil. 
 2. To gather before it falls. 
 
 O fruit divine ! 
 
 Sweet of thyself, but much more sweet thus 
 
 cropp'd. Milton. 
 
 Age, like ripe api^lcs, on earth's bosom drops ; 
 
 While force our youth, like fruits, untimely crops. 
 
 Denham. 
 Death destroys 
 The parent's hopes, and crops the growing boys. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 To Crop. v. n. To yield harvest. 
 
 Royal wench ! 
 She made great Ca.'sar lay his sword to-bed ; 
 He plough'd her, and slie croijt. 
 
 Shakesp. .httony and Cleopatra 
 
 Cro'pper. n. s. [from ci'op.] A kind 
 of pigeon, with a large crop. 
 
 There be tame and wild pigeons ; and of tame 
 
 there be croppers, carriers, runts. Walton s Angler. 
 
 Cro'.sier. n. s. [croiser, Fr. froin croix, 
 
 a cross.] The pastoral staff of a bishop, 
 
 ■which has a cross upon it. 
 
 When prelates are great, there is also danger 
 from them ; as in the limes of Anselmus and 
 Thomas Becket, who, with tl;eir crosit-rs, did al- 
 most try it with ihe king's sword. Bacon. 
 
 Grievances there were, I must confess, and 
 sonic incongruities in my civil gttvernuient ; 
 wherein some say tiie crosier, Sf)me say the distatf, 
 was too busy. Hotel's England's Tears. 
 
 Her front erect with majesty she bore. 
 The crrwjef wielded, and the mitre wore. Dryd. 
 
 Cro'slet. n. s. [cioiisikl, Fr.] 
 
 1. A small cross. 
 
 Then Una 'gan to ask, if aught he knew, 
 Or heard abroad, of that her champion true. 
 That in his armour bare a croslet red. Spenser. 
 
 Here an nnfinish'd diamond croslet lay. 
 To which soft lovers adoraiion pay. Gay's Fan. 
 
 2. It seems to be printed in the following 
 passage, by mistiikc, for corselet. 
 
 Tile crt)s/rf some, and some the cuishes mould, 
 With silver plated, and with ductile gold. 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 
 CROSS, n.s. [cro! jj Fr. crocf, Ital. cr«.r, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . One straight body laid at right angles 
 over another ; the instrument b}' which 
 the Saviour of the world suffered death. 
 
 They make a little cros^ of a quill, longways of 
 that part of the quill which hath the pith, and 
 crossways of that piece of ihc quill without pith. 
 Bacon's Kat. Hist, 
 You are first to consider seriously the infinite 
 love of your Saviour, who otfered himself for y ou 
 as a sacrifice upon the cross. 
 
 Taylor's Guide to the Penite7it. 
 
 2. The ensign of the Christian religion. 
 Her holy faith and Christian cross oppos'd 
 
 Against llie Sa.\on gods. Roice. 
 
 3. A^ monument with a cross upon it to 
 excite devotion, such as were anciently 
 set in market-places. 
 
 C R O 
 
 She doth stray about 
 By holy crosses, where she kneels and prays. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. A line drawn through another. 
 
 5. Any thing that thwarts or obstructs ; 
 misfortune ; hindrance ; vexation ; op- 
 
 C R O 
 
 6. Contrary ; contradictory. 
 
 The mind brings all the ends of a long and vari- 
 ous hypothesis together; sees how one pan co- 
 heres with, and depends upon, anuttier ; and so 
 clears off all the appearing contrarieties iiid con- 
 tradictions, that seemed to lie crosi and unc<n.th, 
 and to make the whole unintelligible. South. 
 
 position ; misadventure ; trial of pati- 7. Contrary to wish ; unfortunate. 
 
 We learn the great reasonableness of not oniy 
 a contented, but also a thankful acfjuiescencc in 
 any condition, and under ihc croatsl and severest 
 passages of Providence. .Sauth. 
 
 1 cannot, uithout some regret, l>chold the croM 
 and unlucky issue of my desigii ; for, by my dis- 
 
 ence, 
 
 Wishing unto me many crosses and mischances 
 in my love, whensoever I should love. Sidney, 
 
 Then let us teach our trial patience, 
 Because it is a customary cross. Shakesp. 
 
 Heaven prepares good men wiih-rrasses; hut no 
 ill can happen to a good man. Ben Jonson's IJiscov, 
 
 A gr( at 'estate hath great crosses, and a mean 
 fortune hath but siuall ones. 
 
 Taiilor's Bole of Living T/o/t/. 
 
 6. Money, so called because marked with 
 a cross. 
 
 He was said to m:ike soldiers spring up out of i 
 the very earth to follow him, though he had not 
 a cro^ to pay them salary. Hoicell's Vocal Forest, 
 
 Wiiereas we cainiot nmch lament our loss, 
 Who neither carried back nor brought one cross. 
 
 JJryden, 
 
 7. Cross and Pile, a play with money ; 
 at which it is put to chance whether the 
 side, which bears a cross, shall he up- 
 warrl, or the other. 
 
 Whacinn had neither cross nor ]>ile ; 
 His plunder was not worth the while. Hndiln'as, 
 
 This 1 hunihly conceive to be perfect bovs play ; 
 civss, I win, anci pile, you lose ; or, what's yuur's 
 is mine, and wliat's mine is my own. Sii'itt. 
 
 8. Church lands in Ireland. 
 
 The absolute palatines made their own judges, 
 so as the kini:'s writ did not run in those counties, 
 but only in the church lands lying within the 
 same, which were called the cruss ; wherein the 
 king made a sheritf ; so in each of these counties 
 palatines there was one shcritf of the liberty, and 
 another of the cross. Sir J. Dueies. 
 
 Cross, adj. [from the substantive.] 
 
 1. Transverse; falling athwart something 
 else. 
 
 Whatsoever penumbra should be made in the 
 circles by the cross refraction of the second prism, 
 that penumbra wt)uld i)e cons, icuous in the right 
 lines which touch those circles. Keuton. 
 
 I'he sun, in that space of time, by his annual 
 contrary motion eastward, will be aovaiiced near 
 a degree of the ecliptick, cross to the motion of 
 the equator. Holder on Time. 
 
 The ships must needs encounter, when they 
 either advance towards one another in direct lines, 
 or meet in the intersection of cross ones. Bentley. 
 
 2. Oblique; lateral. 
 
 Was this a face. 
 To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder. 
 In the most terrible and nimble stroke 
 Of quick crii.ss lightning ? Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. .Adverse ; opposite : often with to. 
 
 ^Ve're both love's captives ; but with fate so 
 cross, 
 One must be happy by the other's loss. Dryden. 
 
 Cross to our interests, curbing sense and sin ; 
 Oppress'd without, and undermin'd within, 
 It thrives through pain. Dryden. 
 
 It runs cross to the belief and apprehension of 
 the rest of mankind ; a dithculty which a modest 
 and good man is scarce able to encounter. Atterb. 
 
 4. Perverse ; untractable. 
 
 A\ hen through tlie cross circumstances of a 
 roan's temper or condition, the enjoyment of a 
 pleasure would certainly e.xpose him to a greater 
 inconvenience, then religion bids him quit it. 
 
 South. 
 
 5. Peevish ; fretful ; ill-humoured. 
 
 Did ever any man upon the rack afflict himself, 
 because he had received a cress answer from his 
 mistress ? TayLfr. 
 
 '■ All cross and distasteful humours, and nlmtever 
 else may render tlie conversation of men grievous 
 and uneasy to one another, must be shunned. 
 
 Titlotson. 
 
 like of disputes, I am engagecTiu one. GtanviUe. 
 ;'. Interchanged. 
 
 Evarchus made a cross marriage also with Deri- 
 laus's sister, and shortly left her wilh child of the 
 famous Pyrocles. Sidney, 
 
 Cross marriages, between the king's son aiid the 
 archduke's daughter; and, again, between the 
 archduke's son and the king's daughter. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Cross, prep. 
 
 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect any tiling ; 
 transversely. 
 
 The enemy had, in the woods before them, cot 
 down great trees cross the ways, so that their horse 
 could not possibly pass that way. Knotla. 
 
 Betwixt the midst and these, the gods assign'd 
 Two habitable seats of human kind ; 
 And cross their limits cut a sloping way, 
 Which the twelve signs in beauteous order sway. 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 Criss his back, as in triumphant scorn. 
 The hope and pillar of the house was born. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 2. Over; from side to side. 
 
 A fox was taking a walk one night cress a 
 
 village. t' Estrange. 
 
 To Cross, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To lay one body, or draw one line, 
 athwart another. 
 
 This forc'd the stubborn'st, for the cause. 
 To cross the cudgels to the laws ; 
 'I'hat what by breaking them 't had gain'd. 
 By their support might be maintain'd. Hudibras. 
 
 Thelo.tia, or cross-bill, whose bill is thick and 
 strong, with the tips crossing one another, with 
 great readiness breaks open tir-cones, apples, and 
 other fruit, to come at their kernels ; as if the 
 crossing of the bill was designed for this serrice. 
 Derham's Phii^ico-l'heology. 
 
 I shall most carefully observe, not to cri^s over 
 or deface the C"py of your papers for the future, 
 and only to mark' in the margin. Pope. 
 
 A hunted hare treads back her mazes, and 
 crosses and confounds her farmer track. Il'alU. 
 
 2. To sign with the cross. 
 
 Friars 
 Resort to farmers rich, and bless their halls. 
 And exorcise the beds, and cross the walls. Dryd 
 
 3. To cancel : as, to cross an artiele. 
 
 4. To pass over. 
 
 He conquered this proud Turk as far as the Hel- 
 lespont, which he criissed, aod made a visit to the 
 Greek empemr at Constantinople. Temple. 
 
 We found the hero, for whose only sake 
 We sought tlie dark abodes, and cross'd the bitter 
 lake. Dryden. 
 
 5. To iTiove laterally, obliquely, or 
 athwart ; not in opposition ; not in the 
 same line. 
 
 But he them spying, 'gan to turn aside. 
 For fear, as seem d, or for some feined loss ; 
 More greedy they of news, fast towards him do 
 "cross. Spenser. 
 
 (i. To thwart ; to interpose obstruction ; 
 to embarrass ; to obstruct ; to hinder ; 
 to counteract. 
 
 Still do I rrcM this wretch, whatso he taketh in 
 hand. Hteker.
 
 C R O 
 
 The king no longer could endure 
 Thus to be cross'd in what he did intend. Dnnirl 
 
 He was so prcat an encni^' to Digby and Cole- 
 peper, wlio were iinly present in debates «(' llic 
 war Willi the olliecrs "tliat lie crossed all llicy pro- 
 posed. Clarendon. 
 
 Buried in private, and so suddenly ! 
 It crosses my design, wlncli was t'allow 
 Tlie rites of funeral litlini; Ids degree. Uryden. 
 
 SwelI'd witli our lute successes on the foe, 
 AVIiich France and llollajid wanled pow'r to rrnss, 
 We urge an unseen fate. Vrydcn. 
 
 The linn patriot there, 
 Tliough still by taction, vice, and fortune crost, 
 Shall tind the generous labour was nut lost. 
 
 Addhon's Cato. 
 
 7. Not to concur, to be inconsistent with. 
 Then their wills clash with llieir understandintrs, 
 
 and their appetites cro^s their duty. Locke. 
 
 8. To contravene ; to hinder by authority ; 
 to countermand. 
 
 No governour is suffered to go on with any one 
 course, but upon the least information he is either 
 slopped and crossed, or other courses appointed 
 him from hence. Speiuer on Ireiaud. 
 
 It may make my case dangerous, to cross this 
 in the smallcsl. Shakesp. Slensurcjbr Measure. 
 
 9. To contradict. 
 
 In all this there is not a syllable which any ways 
 crosseth us. Hooker. 
 
 It is certain, howsoever it cross the received 
 
 opinion, that sounds may be created without air. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Jiist. 
 
 10. To debar ; to preclude. 
 
 From his loins no hopeful branah shall spring, 
 To cross me from the golden time 1 look for. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Cross, v. n. 
 
 1. To lie athwart another thing. 
 
 2. To be inconsistent. 
 
 Men's actions do not always cross with reason. 
 
 Sidneif. 
 
 Cross-bar-shot. n. s. A round shot, 
 or great bullet, with a bar of iron put 
 through it. Harris. 
 
 To CROSS-EX.vr.ilNE. v. a. [cross and e.t- 
 ami?ie.] To try the faith of evidence 
 by captious questions of the contrary 
 party. 
 
 If we may hut cross-eiamine and interrogate 
 their actions 'against their words, these will soon 
 confess the invalidity of their soleranest confes- 
 sion.s. Decay of Piety. 
 
 The judges shall, as they think fit, interrogate 
 or cross-eiamiiie the witnesses. Spectator. 
 
 Cro'ss-staff. n. s. [from cross and 
 staff.] An instrurnent commonly called 
 the fore-staff, used by seamen to take 
 the meridian altitude of the sun or 
 stars. Harris. 
 
 Cross-bite. 71. s. [cross and bile.] A 
 deceotion ; a clieat. 
 
 The' fo.K, that trusted to his address and ma- 
 nage, without so much as dreaming of a cross-bite 
 from so silly an animal, fell himself into the pit 
 tliat he had digged for another. L'Estrange. 
 
 To CRo'ss-niTE. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 To contravene by deception. 
 
 No rhetorick must be spent against cross-biting 
 a country evidence, and frigliting him out of his 
 senses. Collier. 
 
 That many knotty points there are. 
 
 Which all discuss, but few can clear ; 
 
 As nature slily had thought fit. 
 
 For some by ends, to ci-i)s.s-6ite wit. Prior. 
 
 Cro'ss-bow. n. s. [cross and bou'.] A 
 missive weapon, formed by placing a 
 bow athwart a stock. 
 
 Gentlemen suffer their beasts to run wild in 
 their woods and waste ground, where they are 
 hunted and killed with cross-bows iiiid pieces in 
 tlie manner of deer, Carewof Cornwall. 
 
 C R O 
 
 The master of the cross-bows, lord Ramhures. 
 
 Sliakesj). 
 
 Testimony is like the shot of along bow, which 
 
 owes its etiicacy to the force of the shooter ; ar- 
 
 guiuent is like the shot of the cri«s-/wio, etiually 
 
 Forcible whether discharged by a giant or a dwarf. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Cro'ss-bovv'KR. n. s. [from cross-bow.] 
 A shooter with a cross-bow. 
 
 The French assisted themselves by land with 
 the cross-bowers of Genoa against the F.nglish. 
 
 ttidcii;h 's Essays. 
 
 Cro'.ssgrained. adj. [cross and graiti.] 
 
 1. Having the fibres transverse or irre- 
 gular. 
 
 ^ If the stufT proves crossi^ained in any part of 
 its length, then you must turn your stuff to plane 
 it the contrary way, so far as it runs crossgraiiied. 
 
 Moion. 
 
 2. Perverse ; troublesome ; vexatious. 
 
 We find in sullen writs, 
 
 And cross-grained works of modern wits. 
 
 The wonder of the ignorant. Hudiln-as. 
 
 The spirit of contradiction, in a n'oss-gruincd 
 
 woman, is incurable. L'Estrange. 
 
 She was none of your cross-grained, termagant, 
 
 scolding jades, that one had as good be hanged as 
 
 live in the house with. ArbuihnoVs John Bull. 
 
 But wisdom, peevish and cro.^s-grai7id, 
 Blust beoppos'd, to be sustain'd. Prior. 
 
 Cro'ssly. adt'. [from cross.] 
 
 1. Athwart; so as to intersect something 
 else. 
 
 2. Oppositely; adversely; in opposition 
 to. 
 
 He that provides for this life, but takes no care 
 for eternity, is wise for a nionient, but a fool for 
 ever; and acts as untowardly and crosslu to the 
 reason of things, as can be imagined. Tillotson. 
 
 3. Unfortunately. 
 Crossness, n. s. [from cross.] 
 
 1. Transverseness ; intersection. 
 
 2. Perverseness ; peevishness. 
 
 The lighter sort of maliginly, lurncth but to a 
 crossness "or aptness to oppose ; but the deeper 
 sort, to envy, or mere miscnief. Bacon. 
 
 I deny no'thing, fit to be granted, out of cross- 
 ness or humour. " King Charles. 
 
 Who would have imagined that the stirt'<Toss»ics.s 
 of a poor captive should ever have had the power 
 to make Haman's seat so uneasy to him ? L'Estr. 
 
 They help us to forget the crossness of men and 
 tilings, compose our cares and our passions, and 
 lay our disappointments asleep. 
 
 Collier of the Entertainment of Books. 
 
 Cro'ssrow. 71. s. [C1-0.9S and roiv.] Al- 
 phabet; so named because a cross is 
 placed at the beginning, to shew that 
 the end of learning is piety. 
 
 He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. 
 And from the crossrow plucks the letter G ; 
 And says a wizard tohi him, that by G 
 His issue disinherited should be. Shak, Richard III. 
 
 Cro'sswind. 71. s. [cross and loind.] 
 Wind blowing from the right or left. 
 
 The least nnlKippy persons do, in so fickle and 
 so tempestuous a sea as this world, meet with many 
 more either crosswinds or stormy gusts than pios- 
 perous gales. Boyle. 
 
 Cro'ssway. n. s. [cross and 7t'ai/.] A 
 small obscure path intersecting the cliief 
 
 road. 
 
 Damn'd spirits all. 
 That in crossieui/s and floods have burial. 
 Already to their wormy beds are gone. Shakesp. 
 
 Cro'sswort. n. s. [from cross and 
 wort.] 
 
 It hath soft leaves, like the ladies bedstraw, 
 from which it differs in the number of leaves that 
 are produced at every joint ; which in this are 
 only four, disposed in form of a cross. Miller. 
 
 C R O 
 
 Crotch, n. s. [croc, Fr.] A hook or 
 fork. 
 
 There is a tradition of a dilemma that I\Tore- 
 
 ton used to raise the benevolence to higher rates ; 
 
 and sonic called it his folk, and some his crotch. 
 
 Bacon s Hen. VII. 
 
 Save elme, ash, and crab tree for cart and for 
 
 plough. 
 
 Save step for a style of the crotch and the bougn. 
 
 Tusser. 
 Cro'tchet. 71. s. [c7-ochei, Fr.] 
 
 1. [In musick.] One of the notes or cha- 
 racters of time, equal to half a minim, 
 and double a quaver. Chavibers. 
 
 As a good harper, stricken far in years, 
 Into whose cuniiilig hands the gout dolli fall. 
 All his old crotchets in his brain lie bears. 
 But on his harp ])luys ill, or not at all. Daviet 
 
 2. A support ; a piece of wood fitted into 
 anotlicr to support a building, [from 
 crock a fork.] 
 
 A stately temple shoots within the skies. 
 The crotchets of their cot in columns rise. Vru 
 
 3. [In printing.] Hooks in which words 
 are included [thus.] 
 
 4. A perver.se conceit; an odd fancy. 
 
 All the devices and crotchelsoi new inventions, 
 which crept into her, tended either to twitch' or 
 enlarge the ivy. Ilou-tl. 
 
 The liorse smelt him out, and presently a crotchet 
 came in his head how he might countermine him. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 To Crouch, v. n. [crochu crooked, Fr.] 
 
 1. To stoop low ; to lie close to the 
 ground : as, the lion C7-ouc/ics to his 
 master. 
 
 2. To fawn ; to bend servilely ; to stoop 
 meanly. 
 
 Kvery one that is left in thine house, shall come 
 and crouch to him for a piece of silver ;oid a morsel 
 of bread. 1 Sam. ii. 26. 
 
 At his heels, 
 Leasht in like hounds, should famine, sword, and 
 
 fi I e. 
 Crouch f(pr employment. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 Thev fawn and'croMc/i to men of parts, whom 
 they cannot ruin ; quote theui, when thev are 
 present ; and, when they are absent, steal their 
 jests. Dryde-n. 
 
 Too well the vigour of tliat arm they know ; 
 They lick the dust, and crouch beneaih their fatal 
 foe. Dryden. 
 
 Your shameful story shall record of me. 
 The men all crouch' d,' and left a woman free. 
 
 Dryden. 
 CROUP. H. s. [croupe, Fr.] 
 
 1. The rump of a fowl. 
 
 2. The buttocks of a horse. 
 
 Croup a'des. 71. s. [from cro?(p.] Higher 
 lea)is than those of corvets, that keep 
 the fore and hind quarters of the horse 
 in an equal height, so that he trusses 
 his legs under his belly without yerk- 
 ing. Farriei-'s Diet. 
 
 CROW. n. s. [cpape, Sax. corviis, Lat.] 
 
 1. A large black bird that feeds upon the 
 carcases of beasts. 
 
 The crows and choughs, that wing the midway 
 air, 
 Shew scarce so gross as beetles. Shak. King Lear, 
 
 To crows he like imperial grace affords. 
 And choughs and daws, and such republick birds. 
 
 Vruden. 
 
 2. Topluclc a Crow, is to be industrious 
 or contentious about that which is of 
 no value. 
 
 If you dispute, we must even pluck a crow 
 lout it. L'Estrar.ge. 
 
 Resolve, before we go. 
 That you and I must pull a crow. Hudibras. 
 
 444. 
 
 about i
 
 C R O 
 
 8. A piece of iron, with a beak, used as a 
 lever to force open doors ; as the Latins 
 called a hook conms. 
 
 The crow is used as a It'vpr to lift up the puds 
 of great hi:ivy limljtr, and ihpii they thrust ihc 
 claws hetween the firoiiiici nmi the tiiuher ; and 
 layhig sonic stuH' bchiiid llie croa', tliey draw llie 
 otiier end of the sliank hackivards, an<l so K.isc 
 the tiinher. Jl/iu,iji's Mecluinicid Eierciscs. 
 
 Get iiH' an iron crow, and hrhiE it straigiit 
 Unto iiiy cell. Shak.'sp. Homeo und Jidkt. 
 
 Against the gate employ your aous of iron. I 
 
 Southern, 
 
 4. [From To crow.] The voice of a cock, 
 or the noise which he makes in his 
 
 gaiety. | 
 
 Cro'wfoot. M.S. \from crow znA foot ; 
 
 in Lat. rannnculus.] A flower. 
 Cro'wfoot. n. s. [from crow and foot.l 
 A caltrop, or piece of iron with fom' 
 points, two, three, or four inches long ; 
 80 that whatever way it falls, one point 
 is up. It is used in war for incom- 
 moding the cavalry. JMiliiary Diet. 
 To Crow. v. n. preterit. / crow, or 
 crowed; I have crowed, [cpajjan. Sax.] 
 
 1. To make the noise which a cock makes 
 in gaiety or defiance. 
 
 But even then the morning cock crew loud. 
 
 iS7(t//vf.v'. Hamlet. 
 
 Diogenes called an ill physician, cock. V\ iiy ? 
 saith he. Diogenes answered, Fiecausc when you 
 crow, men use to rise. Bacon. 
 
 That the lion trembles at tlie crowing of the 
 cock, king James, upon trial, found to ije fabu- 
 lous. HaheuiU. 
 
 Within this homestead liv'd, without a peer 
 For crouing loud, the noble Chanticleer, 
 So bight her cock. Vrydens Fables. 
 
 2. To boast ; to bulij' ; to vapour ; to 
 bluster ; to swagger. 
 
 Selby h crowing, and, though always defeated 
 by Iii^ wife, still crowing on. G-randison. 
 
 CROWD, n.s. [cpuS, Sax.] 
 
 1. A multitude confusedly pressed toge- 
 ther. 
 
 2. A promiscuous medley, without order 
 or distinction. 
 
 He could then cotnpare the confusion of a mul- 
 titude to that tumult he had observed in the Ica- 
 riaii sea, dashing and breaking among its crowd 
 of islands. Pope. 
 
 3. The vulgar ; the populace. 
 
 He went not with the croud to see a shrine. 
 But fed us by the way with food divine. 
 
 Vnjdens Fables. 
 i. [From crwtfi, Welsh.] A fiddle. 
 
 Hark how the ministrels 'gin to shrill aloud 
 Tlieir merry rausick that resounds from far. 
 The pipe, the tabor, and the trembling croud, 
 That well agree withouten breach or jar. 
 
 Spenser's Fvith. 
 His fiddle is your proper purchase. 
 Won in the service of the churches ; 
 -^nd hy your doom must be allow'd 
 To be, or be no more, a crowd. Hudibras. 
 
 To CuowD. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To fill with confused multitudes. 
 
 _A mind which is ever crowding its memory with 
 things which it learns, may cramp the invention 
 "sell. Watts. 
 
 2. To pre' close together. 
 The time misorder'd, doth in common sense 
 
 Crowd us ajid crush us to this monstrous form, 
 f o hold our safely up. Shakcsp. Henrii IV. 
 
 It seems probable that the sea doth still' grow 
 narrower from age to age, and sinks more within 
 Its channel and the bowels of the earth, accord- 
 ing as it can make its way into all those subterra- 
 neous cavities, and croud the air out of them. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 C R O 
 
 As the mind itself is tliouglit to take up no 
 space, so its actions seem to require no tinit- ; but 
 niaiiy of them seem to be crowded into an instant. 
 
 Locke. 
 Then let ns fill 
 This little interval, tliis j)auhe of life, 
 With all the virtues wu can crowd into it, 
 
 AddisotCi Cato. 
 
 3. To incumber by miiltituf^os. 
 
 iluw short is life! Why will vain courtiers 
 toil. 
 And croxcd a vainer monarch for a smile ? 
 
 Granville. 
 
 4. To crowd Sail, [a sea phrase.] To 
 spread wide the sails upon the yards. 
 
 To Crowd, v. n. 
 
 1. To swarm ; to be numerous and con- 
 fused. 
 
 They frjilow their undaunted king; 
 Crouirf throuirh their gates; and, in the fields of 
 
 light,"" 
 The shocking squadrons meet in mortal fight. 
 
 Vrydens V^irgU. 
 
 2. To thrust among a multitude. 
 
 A migiity man, had not some cunning sia 
 Amidst so ni^^ny virtues crowded in, 
 
 Cotrleus Davidcis. 
 
 Cro'wder. n,s. [^vom crowd.] A fiddler. 
 
 Chevy-cliase sung by a blind crouder. Sidney. 
 
 Cro'wkeeper. n, s. [crow and keep,] 
 A scarecrow. 
 That fellow handles his bovp like a crowheeper. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 CROWN. 71, s. [coztronne, Fr. kroonc, 
 Diit. corona, Lat.] 
 
 1. The ornament of the head which de- 
 notes imperial and regal dignity. 
 
 If th(ju be a king, where is thy croicii ?■■ ■ « 
 —My croun is in my heart, not on my Iiead ; 
 My cmicn is call'd content ; 
 A croivii it is that seldom kings c-njoy. 
 
 Shakesp. Hairy VI, 
 Look down, you eods, 
 And on this couple drop a blessed croui/i. 
 
 Shakesp. Tempest. 
 I would the college of the cardinals 
 Would chuse him pope, and carry him to Rome 
 And set the triple croum upon his head. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI, 
 
 Is it not as great a presumption in us to become 
 
 God's sons; and to inherit kingdoms, and to 
 
 hope for cvowjis, and tlirones, and sceptres, as it 
 
 is to sit down with him as liis guests ? 
 
 KeUlewell. 
 
 2. A garland. 
 
 Receive a croum fur thy well ordering of the 
 feast. Ecclus. 
 
 3. Reward ; honorary distinction. 
 
 They do it to obtain a corruptible crou-n, but 
 we an incorruptible. 1 Cor. \x. 25. 
 
 Let merit crowns, and justice laurels give, 
 But let me happy by your pit^' live. Dryd. Epist. 
 
 4. Regal power ; royalty. 
 
 The succession of a crown in several countries 
 places it on different heads. Loch:. 
 
 5. The top of the head, in a contemp- 
 tuous sense. 
 
 If lie awake, 
 
 From toe to crown he'll fill our skins with pinches, 
 ]\Iake us strange stutf. Shakesp. Tejnpvst. 
 
 While his head was working upon tfiis thought, 
 the toy took him in the crown to send for liie 
 songstir. L' Estrange. 
 
 liehold ! if fortune or a mistress frowns. 
 Some plunge in business, others shave their 
 crowns. Pope. 
 
 6. The top of any thing, as of a moun- 
 tain. 
 
 Upon the crown o' th' cliff, what thins was tliat 
 Whicii parted from \uu ? Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Huge trunks of trees, fell'd from the steepy 
 crown 
 Oi the bare mountains, roll with ruin down. 
 
 VrydGns .^neid. 
 
 C R O 
 
 7. Part of the hat tliat covers the head. 
 
 1 once ojtcned a rcinarkable atheroma : it waa 
 abr)Ut as big as the croinr of a nian*s hat, and lay 
 unflerneatti tlie pectoral niusclc. Si'orp's Snrficry. 
 
 8. A piece ot" money anciently stamped 
 with a crown ; five shillings. 
 
 Trust not your servants, who may misinform 
 you, by whicli tliey may ]>erhaps gaiji a few 
 crowns. Bacon. 
 
 ISut he that can cat beef, ami feed on bread 
 which is so brown, 
 IMay satisfy liis appetite, and owe no man a 
 crown. SuchUng. 
 
 An ounce of silver, whether in pence, groats, 
 or rrr>u-n-pieces, stivers or ducaioons, or in bullion, 
 is, and eternally will be, of equal value to any 
 other ounce of silver. Locke. 
 
 9. Honour; ornament; decoration; ex- 
 cellence ; dignity. 
 
 Much experience is the croim of old men. 
 
 Fcclus. XXT. 6. 
 
 Therefore, my brelliren, dearly beloved, and 
 longed for, my joy and crown, stand fast in the 
 Lord. Philip, iv. J. 
 
 10. Completion; accomplishment. 
 Crown-imperi.-vl. n.s. [corona impe- 
 
 rialis, Lat.] A plant. 
 To Crown, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To invest with tlie crown or regal or- 
 nament. 
 
 Had you not come upon your cue, my lord, 
 William lord IIastini;s liad pronounced vour part ; 
 1 mean your voice for crowning of the liing. 
 
 Sfiiihcsp. Rirhard III. 
 Iler who fairest does appear. 
 Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden. 
 
 2. To cover, as with a crown. 
 
 Umbro, the |,riest, the proud Marrabians led. 
 And peaceful olives ci'ownd his hoary head. 
 
 Vrydens j-Fncid. 
 
 3. To dignify ; to adorn ; to make illus- 
 trious. 
 
 Thou hast made him a little low-er than ."lie an- 
 gels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour. 
 
 Psalm viii, 5. 
 She shall be, to the happiness of England, 
 An aged princess ; many days shaH see her. 
 And yet no day without a deed to crown it. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. To reward ; to recompense. 
 
 Urt^e your success ; deserve a lasting name. 
 She'll crown a graceful and a constant t\ame. 
 
 li*}scommon. 
 
 5. To complete ; to perfect. 
 
 The lasting and crowning privilege, or rather 
 property, of friendship, is ct'iistaucy. South. 
 
 G. To terminate ; to finish. 
 
 All these a milk-white honeycomb surround, ' 
 AIThich iu the midst the country banquet croicn'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Cro'\vngl.\ss. n. s. The finest sort of 
 window-tjlass. 
 
 Crownpost. n. s. A post, which in 
 some buiklings, stands upright in the 
 middle, between two principal rafters, 
 
 Cro'wnscab. n. s. A stinking filthy 
 scab, that breeds round about tlie cor- 
 ners of a horse's hoof, and is a cancer- 
 ous aiitl painful sore. Tarritr's Did. 
 
 Crown-thistle, k. s. [corona impe- 
 riulis.l A flower. 
 
 Crown WHEEI.. n.s. The upper wheel 
 of a watch next the balance, which is 
 driven by it. 
 
 Cro'wnwokks. «. s. [In fortification ] 
 Bulwarks advanced towards the field, 
 to gain some hill or rising ground. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 445
 
 C R U 
 
 Cro'wnet. n. s. [from crown.] 
 
 1. The same with coronet. 
 
 2. In t!ie following passage it seems to 
 signify diief end ; last purpose : pro- 
 biibly from Jinis coronal opus. 
 
 Oil, this fal^e soul of Egypt ! this gay cliarni ! 
 Whose eye bcck'd forth my wars, and call'd tiicm 
 
 home ; 
 Whose bosom was my crnu-net, tny chief end ; 
 Like a riglit gipsy liulh, at fa^t ami louse, 
 Beguil'd me to the very heart uf loss. 
 
 Shiikt^sp. Antontt and Cleopatra. 
 
 Cro'wtoe. n. *. [crow and toe.] A 
 plant. 
 
 Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. 
 The tufted r7'oui-(oe, and pale jessaniine. Milton. 
 Cro'ylstone. n. s. Crystallized cauk. 
 In this the crystals are small. 
 
 Woodward's Fossils. 
 Crucial, adj. [crux, crucis, Lat.] 
 Transverse ; intersecting one another. 
 
 Whoever has seen the jjractice of the crucial 
 incision, must be sensible of the false reasoning 
 used in its favour. Sharp, 
 
 To Cruciate, v.e. [crucio, Lat.] To 
 
 torture ; to torment ; to excruciate. 
 Cru'cible. n.s. [crucibuliim, low Lat.] 
 
 A chemist's melting pot, made of earth ; 
 
 so called, because they were formerly 
 
 marked with a cross. 
 
 Take a quantity of good silver, and put it in a 
 crucible or melting cruse, and set them on the fire, 
 well covered round about with coals. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 Cruci'ferous. adj. [crux and fero, 
 Lat.] Bearing the cross. Diet. 
 
 Cru'cifier. n. s. [from crucifi/.] He 
 that inflicts the punishment of cruci- 
 fixion. 
 
 Visible judgments were executed on Christ's 
 cruciliccrs. Hammond. 
 
 Cru'cifix. n. s. [cruciji.tus, Lat.] A 
 representation in picture or statuary of 
 our Lord's passion. 
 
 There stands at the upper end of it a large cru- 
 cijir, very much esteemed. The figure of our 
 Saviour represents him in his last agonies of 
 death. Addison on Italif. 
 
 Crucifi'xion. n. s. [from crucijixus, 
 Lat.] The punishment of nailing to a 
 cross. 
 
 This earthquake, according to the opinion of 
 many learned men, happened at our Saviour's 
 cructjiiion. Addison on halu- 
 
 Cruciform, adj. [crux and forma, 
 Lat.] Having the form of a cross. 
 
 To CRUCIFY. V. a. [crucifgo, Lat.] 
 To put to death by nailing the hands 
 and feet to a cross set upright. 
 
 They crucif'f to themselves the Son of God 
 afresh, and put him to an open shame. Heh. vi. 6. 
 
 But to the cross he nails thy enemies. 
 The l.iw that is against thee, and the sins 
 Of all mankind, with him there crucify d. Milton. 
 
 Ckuci'gerous. adj. [crjciger, Lat.] 
 Be.-!ring the cross. 
 
 CRUD. n. s. [commonly written curd. 
 See Curd.] A concretion of any liquid 
 into hardness or stiffness ; coagulation. 
 
 CRUDE, adj. [criidiis, Lat.] 
 
 1, Raw ; not subdued by fire. 
 
 2. Not changed by any process or prepa- 
 ration. 
 
 Common crude salt, barely dissolved in com- 
 mon aquafortis, will give it power of working 
 upon gold. Boyle. 
 
 C R U 
 
 Fermented liquors have quite different quali- 
 ties from the phiiit itself; fur no fruit, taken cnu/f, 
 has the intu>iciitiiig quality of wiju-. 
 
 Ailmtltnut nil Aiiin. 
 
 3. Harsh ; unripe, 
 
 A juice so crude as cannot be ripened to the 
 degree of n<mrisliinent. Bncon's Nut. Hist. 
 
 4. Unconnectetl ; not well digested in the 
 stomach. 
 
 \Vhile tlie body to he convertrd and altered is 
 too stront!; fur the clVicliMit that slioiild convert or 
 alter it, whert-hy it lu'ldeth fast the first form or 
 consistence, it is crude and iiicoucocl ; and tile 
 process is to be called crudity and iiiconeoctinn. 
 Bacons Nat. HUt. 
 
 5. Not brought to perfection ; unfinished ; 
 immature. 
 
 In a moment up they turii'd 
 Wide the celestial soil ; and saw beneath 
 Th' originals of nature, in their crude 
 Conception. Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 G. Having indigested notions. 
 
 Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself, 
 Crude, or intoxicate, collecting toys. Millon. 
 
 7. Indigested ; not fully concocted in the 
 
 intellects. 
 
 Others, whom mere ambition fires, and dole 
 Of province s abroad, which they have feigii'd 
 To their crudt hopes, and 1 as amply promis'd. 
 
 ncn Jonson. 
 What peradventure may seem full to ine, may 
 appear very crude and maimed to a stranger. 
 
 -Df^/'V on the Soul. 
 Absurd expressions, criu/f abortive thoughts, 
 All the lewd legions of exploded faults. Uoscom. 
 Cru'dely. adiK [from C7'ude.] Un- 
 ripely; without due preparation. 
 Th' advice was true, but fear had seiz'd the 
 most. 
 And all good counsel is on cowards lost : 
 The question crudcl}} put, to shun delay, 
 'Twas carried by tlie major part to stay. Dryden. 
 
 Cru'deness. n, s. [from a'ude,] Un- 
 ripeness; indigestion. 
 Cru'dity. n, s. [from ci^ude.] 
 
 1. Indigestion ; inconcoction. 
 
 They are very temperate, whereby they pre- 
 vent indigestion and crudities, and consequently 
 putrescence of huuiours. Brown. 
 
 A diet of viscid aliment creates flatulency and 
 crudities m the stomach. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Unripeness ; want of maturity. 
 
 To Cru'dle. v. a. [a word of uncertain 
 etymology.] To coagulate; to congeal. 
 
 I felt my cradled blood 
 Congeal with fear ; my'hair with horrour stood. 
 Dr}]dtn's JEneid. 
 The Gelons use it, when, for drink and food, 
 They mix tlieir crudled milk with horses blood. 
 
 Vrydeits Vir^H. 
 
 Cru'dy, adj. [from crud.] 
 
 1. Concreted ; coagulated. 
 
 His cruel wounds with crudu blood conpeal'd, 
 They binden up so wisely as they may. iS/je/wer. 
 
 2. [from cr//rff'.] Raw; chill. 
 
 Sherris sack ascends into the bsain ; dries me 
 tliere all the foolish, dull, and crndy vapours 
 which environ it. Shakesp. 
 
 CRUEL, adj. [cruel, Fr. critdvUs, Lat.] 
 
 1. Pleased with hurting others ; inhu- 
 man ; hard-liearted ; void of pity ; want- 
 inir compassion ; savage ; barbarous ; un- 
 relenting. 
 
 If wolves had at thy gate howl'd that stern 
 time, 
 Thoushtmidsthave said, Go, porter, turn the key; 
 All craef seise subscrib'd. Shakesp. Kiug Lear. 
 
 If thou art that cruel god, whose eyes 
 Delight hi blood, and Inunan sacririce. 
 
 Drudeiis Indian Emperor. 
 
 2. [Of things.] Bloody ; mischievous ; 
 destructive ; causing pain. 
 
 C R U 
 
 Consider mine enemies ; for they arc many, 
 and they hate me with mic/ hatred. 
 
 Fsalin XXV. 19. 
 
 We beheld one of the cntelest fights between 
 two kiiiylits, that ever hath adorned the most 
 martial story. Sidney. 
 
 Cru'elly. adv. [from ci-ucl.] 
 
 1 . In a cruel manner ; inhumanly ; bar- 
 barously. 
 
 He lelies upon a broken reed, that not only 
 basely fails, but also cruelly pierces, the ha».. 
 that rests upon it. South. 
 
 Since yon fleny him entrance, he demands 
 His wife, whom a'uelly you bold in bands. 
 
 Drydens Aurengsebe, 
 
 2. Painfully ; mischievously. 
 
 The .Scottish arrows being sharp and slender, 
 enter into a man or horse most cruf//u, notwith- 
 standing they are shot forth weakly. 
 
 Sjicnser on Ireland. 
 
 Brimstone and wild-fire, though tlicy burn 
 cruelly, and are hard to quench, yet make no 
 such tiery wind as gun-ponder. Bacon. 
 
 Cru'elness. n. s. [from ci-uel] In- 
 humanity ; cruelty. 
 
 But she more cruel, and more savage wild. 
 Than either lion or the lioness, 
 
 Shames not to be with guillless blood defil'd ; 
 She taketh glory in her cruetntss. Spenser. 
 
 Cru'elty. [crtiaule, Fr.] 
 
 1. Inhumanity; savageness ; barbarity; 
 delight in the pain or misery of others. 
 
 The cruelty and envy of the people. 
 Permitted by our dastard nobles, 
 Have sulVer'ci nie by the voice of slaves to be 
 \Vhoo])'d out of Rome. Shukesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. Act of intentional affliction. 
 
 There were great changes in the world by tlie 
 revolutions of empire, the criicVi/es of conquering, 
 and the calamities of enslaved nations. Temple. 
 
 Cru'entate. adj. [crucniatus, Lat.] 
 Smeared with blood. 
 
 Atomical aporrbeas pass from the cruentate 
 cloth or weapon to the wound Glanrillc's Scepsis. 
 
 Cru'et. n. s. [kruicke, Dut.] A vial for 
 vinegar or oil, with a stopple. 
 
 Within thy reach I set the vinegar ; 
 And fill'd the cruet with the acid tide. 
 While pepper-water worms thy bait supplied. 
 
 .'iu-ift. 
 
 Cru'ise. n. s. [kruicke, Dut.] A small 
 cup. 
 
 I have not a cake, but an handful of meal in a 
 barrel, and a little oil in a cmise. 1 Kin^t. 
 
 The train prepare a cruise of curious mouhi, 
 A cruise of fragrance, forra'd of burnish'd srold. 
 Pope^s Ody$.iey. 
 
 CRUISE, n.s. [croisc, Fr. from tlie ori- 
 ginal cruisers, who bore the cross, and 
 plundered only infidels.] A voyage in 
 search of plunder. 
 
 To Cruise, v. 71. [from the noun.] To 
 rove over the sea in scarce of opportu- 
 nities to plunder ; to wander on the sea 
 without any certain course. 
 
 Cru'iser. n.s. [horn cruise.] One that 
 roves upon the sea in search of pi tinder. 
 Amongst the cruisers it was conqilained, that 
 their surgeous were too active in ampuialiug frac- 
 tured member. Wiseman. 
 
 f'RU.M. } n. s. [cpuma, Sax. krui/mc, 
 CilUM!>. f Dut. kriimmel, (ierm.'] 
 i. The soft part of bread, not the crust. 
 
 Take of manchet about three ounces, the crumb 
 only thin cut ; and let it be boiled hi milk till it 
 grow to a pulp. Bacon. 
 
 2. A small particle or fragment of bread, 
 
 4^0
 
 C R U 
 
 More familiar grown, the table crums 
 Attract his slender feet. Thomsons Winter. 
 
 To Crumble, v. a. [(rom crumb.] To 
 break into small pieces ; to comminute. 
 
 Flesh is but the glass which holds the dust 
 That lucasiires all our time, which also shall 
 Ue a-umbkd into dust. Herbert. 
 
 He with his bare wand can unthread thy jonits, 
 And crumble all thy sinews. Millon. 
 
 By frequent parcelling and subdividing of in- 
 heritances, in process of time they became so di- 
 vided and crumbled, that there were few persons 
 uf able estates. Hale's Law of Euglaml. 
 
 At the same time we were crumbled into various 
 factions and parties, all aimina at by-interests, 
 without any sincere regard for the public good. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 The bill leaves three hundred pounds a-year lu 
 the mother church ; which they can divide like- 
 wise, and crumble as low as tlieir will and pleasure 
 will dispose of them. SuiJ't. 
 
 To Cru'mble. v. n. To fall into small 
 pieces. 
 
 There is so hot a summer in my brain, 
 That all my bowels crumble up to dust. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Nor is the profit small the peasant makes. 
 Who smooths with harrow, or who pounds with 
 
 rakes. 
 The crumbling clods. Dryden's Georgich. 
 
 Ambition sigh'd : she found it vain to trust 
 The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 If the stone is brittle, it will often cmmhle, and 
 pass in the form of gravel. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 What house, when its materials crumble, 
 Must not inevitably tumble? ^ Swift. 
 
 For the little land that remains, provision is 
 made by the late act against popery, that it will 
 daily crumble away. Swift. 
 
 Cru'menal. n.s. [from crumena, Lat.] 
 A purse. 
 
 . The fat ox, that woonnt ligye in the stall. 
 Is now fast stalled in her crumenal. Spenser's Past. 
 Cru'mmy. adj. [from crum.] Soft. 
 CRUMP, adj. [cpump, Sax. la-om, Dut. 
 krumm, Germ.] Crooked in back. 
 
 When the workmen took measure of him, he 
 was crump shouldered, and the right side higher 
 than the left, L'Estrange. 
 
 To Cru'mple. v. a. [from crump; or 
 corrupted from rumple, rompehn, Dut.] 
 To draw into wrinkles ; to crush toge- 
 ther in complications. 
 
 Sir Roger alighted from his horse, and exposing 
 his palm to two or three that stood by him, they 
 crumpled it into all sha,'es, and diligently scanned 
 every wrinkle that could be made. Addison. 
 
 Cru'mpling. 71. s, a small degenerate 
 
 apple. 
 
 To Crunk. 7 v. n. To cry like a 
 
 To Cku'nkle. ) crane. Diet. 
 
 Crupper, n. .9. [from croupe, Fr. the 
 
 buttocks of the horse.] That part of the 
 
 horseman's furniture that reaches from 
 
 tlie saddle to the tail. 
 
 Clitophon had received such a blow, that he 
 
 h.-»d lust the reins of his horse, with his head well 
 
 nigh touching the crupper of the horse. S'uliieii. 
 
 Where have you left the money that 1 gave 
 
 you ? 
 
 Oh — sixpence that 1 had a Wednesday last, 
 
 'Jo pay the saddler for my mistress' crupper. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Full oft the rivals met, and neither spar'd 
 His utmost force, and each forgot to ward ; 
 The head of this was to the saddle bent. 
 The other backward to the crupper sent. Dryden. 
 
 Cru'ral. adj. [from cms, cruris, Lat.] 
 Belonging to the leg. 
 
 The sharpness of the teeth, and the strength of 
 the crural muscles, in lions aud tygers, are the 
 
 C R U 
 
 and habitual immorality of 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 s. See Croisade. 
 
 cause of the great 
 those animals. 
 CRUSAUE.i 
 
 Crisado.j 
 
 1 . An expedition against the infidels. 
 
 2. A coin stamped with a cross. 
 Believe me, 1 had rather liave lost my purse 
 
 Full of crusadoes. Shakesp. Uthello. 
 
 Cruse. See Cruise. 
 Cru'set. n.s. A goldsmith's melting 
 pot. Phillips. 
 
 To CRUSH. V. a. [ecraier, Fr.] i 
 
 1. To press between two opposite bodies ; 
 to st]ueeze ; to force by compression. 
 
 The ass thrust herself unto the wall, and crush- 
 ed Balaam's foot against the wall. 
 
 Numbers, xxii. 25. 
 Cold causes rheums and deflu.\ions from the 
 head, and some astringent plasters crush out pu- 
 rulent matter. . Bacon. 
 He crushed treasure out of his subjects purses, 
 by forfeitures upon penal laws. Bacon. 
 
 Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape 
 Crush d the sweet poison of misused wine. Milton. 
 I fought aud fell like one, but death deceiv'd 
 
 I wanted weight of feeble Moors upon me, 
 
 To crush myloul out. Vrydcn's Don Sebastian. 
 
 2. To press with violence. 
 
 You speak him far 
 
 1 don't extend him. Sir; within himself 
 
 Crush him together, rather than unfold 
 His measure fully. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 When loud winds from ditt'rcnt quurtert 
 rush. 
 Vast clouds encount'ring one another cnuh. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 3. To overwhelm ; to beat down. 
 
 Put in their hands thy bruising irons of wrath. 
 That they may crush down, with a heavy fall, 
 Th' usurping lielmets of our adversaries ! 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 Vain is the force of man, and heav'n's as vain. 
 To crush the pillars which the pile sustain. 
 
 Dryden s JEneid. 
 
 4. To subdue ; to conquer beyond resist- 
 ance. 
 
 They use them to plague their enemies, or to 
 oppress and crush some of their own too stubborn 
 freeholders. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Mine emulation 
 Hath not that honour in 't it had ; for 
 I thougtit to n-ush him in an equal foice. 
 True sword to sword. Sluikesp. Coriotanus. 
 
 This act 
 Shall bruise the head of Satan, crush his strength. 
 Defeating sin and death, his two main arms. 
 
 Uniton. 
 
 What can that man fear, who takes care to 
 please a Being that is so able to crush all his ad- 
 versaries ? a Being that can divert any misfortune 
 from befalling him, or turn any such misfortune to 
 his advanlagc ? /iddisou's Guardian. 
 
 To Crush. ». n. To be condensed ; to 
 come in a close body. 
 
 Crush, n.s. [from the verb.] A colli- 
 sion ; the act of rushing together. 
 
 Thou slialt tlourish in immortal youth. 
 Unhurt amidst the w.irof elements. 
 The wreck of matter, and the crush of worlds. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 CRUST, n. s. [crusia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Any sliell, or e.\tcrnal coat, by which 
 anj- body is enveloped. 
 
 I have known the statue of an emperor quite 
 hid under a crust of dross. Addison oji Medals. 
 
 2. An incrustation; collection of ma iter 
 into a hard body. 
 
 Were the river a confusion of never so many 
 dift'erent boflies, if they ha<l been all actually dis- 
 solved, they would at least have formed one con- 
 tinued crust; as we see the scorium of nietaU al- 
 ways gathers into a solid piece. Addison on Italy. 
 
 C R U 
 
 The viscous crutt stops the entry of the chyle 
 into the lacteal s. Arbuthnot m Aliments. 
 
 3. The case of a pie, made of meal, and 
 
 baked. 
 
 He was never suffered to go abroad, for fear of 
 catching cold ; when he should have been hunt- 
 ing down a buck, he was by his mother's side, 
 learning how to season it, or put it in crust. 
 
 Additm's Spectator. 
 
 4. The outer hard part of bread. 
 
 Tir impenetrable crujt thy teeth defies. 
 And, jietrified vilh age, securely lies. Dryd. Juv. 
 
 5. A waste piece of bread. 
 
 Y" are liberal now, but when your turn is sped. 
 You'll wish me choak'd with every criul of bread. 
 
 Driiden. 
 Men will do tricks, like dog!, for CTu.«f5. L'Estr. 
 
 To Crust, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To envelop ; to cover with a hard case. 
 
 Why gave you me a monarch's soul, 
 And crusted it with base plebeian clay ? Dryden. 
 
 Nor is it improbable but that, in process of 
 time, the whole surface of it may be crusted over, 
 as the islands enlarge themselves, and the banks 
 close in upon them Addistm on Italy. 
 
 And now their legs, and breasts, and bodies 
 stood 
 Crusted with bark, and hard'ning Into wood. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 In some, who have run up to men without edu- 
 cation, we may observe many great qualities 
 darkened and eclipsed ; their minds are crusted 
 over, like diamonds in the rock. lelton. 
 
 2. To foul with concretions. 
 
 If your master hath many musty, or very fo':l 
 and cmstcd bottles, let those be the first you iruck 
 at the alehouse. Suijt. 
 
 To Crust, v. n. To gather or contract a 
 crust ; to gain a hard covering. 
 
 I Contented myself with a plaster upon the 
 place that was burnt, which crusted and healed in 
 very few days. Temple. 
 
 Crust a'ceous. adj. [from crusla, Lat.] 
 Shelly, with joints ; not testaceous ; not 
 with one continued uninterrupted shell. 
 Lobster is crusiaceous, oys'.,er testace- 
 ous. 
 
 It is true, that there are some shells, such as 
 those of lobsters, crabs, and others of crustaceous 
 kinds, that are very rarely found at land. 
 
 Woodward's ^at. Hist. 
 
 Crust a'ceousness. n.s. [from c7-usta- 
 ceons.] The quality of having jointed 
 shells. 
 
 Crustily, adv. [from crusti/.] Pee- 
 vishly ; snappishly ; harshly. 
 
 Crustiness, n.s. [from crusf^.] 
 
 1 . The quality of a crust. 
 
 2. Peevishness ; moroseness. 
 Cru'sty. adj. [from crust.] 
 
 1. Covered with a crust. 
 
 The eg:; itself deserves our notice: its parts 
 within, aiul its erasfvci'at wlihout. are admirably 
 well fitted for the business of incubation. 
 
 Derham's Physico-Theoto^y. 
 
 2. Sttirdy ; morose ; snapjiish : a low 
 word. 
 
 CRUTCH. «. s. [crocia, Ital. croce, Fr. 
 
 crucki, Germ.] 
 1. .\ support used by cripples. 
 
 Ah. thus kin;; Henry throws away his rrulfft. 
 Before Ins legs be firm" to bear his body. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry \ I. 
 Hence, therefore, thou nice crutch : 
 A scaly gaiinilet now, with joints of steel, 
 Must glove this hand. Shake.<p. Henry IV. 
 
 On these new crutches let them learn to walk. 
 
 Druden's Georgicks. 
 This fair defect, this helpless aid call'd wile, 
 The bending crutch of a decrepit life. Dryden. 
 
 447
 
 C R Y 
 
 Rhyme is a crutch that lifts tlie weak alonp, 
 Su[>p(irts the iVrblf, hut rofards tlicslron^^. b/uiih, 
 'ilu' dumb shiill sitig, iheUtut- his crutcA fun-go, 
 Aad leap exuliitig hkc tlie boundiii>: rue. 
 
 Popes Messiah. 
 2. It is used for old age. 
 
 Beauty dotli varnish a;;c, ns if new born. 
 And gives the crutch the cnidle's infancy. Shak. 
 
 To Crutch, r. «. [from cndck.] To 
 support on crutches as a cri|)j)Ie. 
 
 I hasten Og and Doe^ to reIu*a^^e, 
 Two fools that crtttch tlieir feeble sense on verse. 
 
 DryJcn. 
 
 To CRY. V, n. [mVr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To speak with vehemence and loud- 
 ness. 
 
 IMethouaht I heard a voice crxi. Sleep no raore ! 
 Macbeth ^oth uiurther >]eep ! tlie innocent sleep. 
 
 Shnkc^p. 
 While his falliiie; tears the stream supplied. 
 Thus niuurning to his luother goddrssrj jct/. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 2. To call importunately. 
 
 I rnV.7, by reason of mine aflliction, unto the 
 Lord ;iiid he heard nie. Jonas, ii. 2. 
 
 3. To talk tagorly or incessantly ; tore- 
 peat continually. 
 
 They be idle ; therefore they cry, saymg, let 
 us go. Exodus, V. 8. 
 
 4. I'o proclaim ; to make publick. 
 Go and cry in the ears of Jerusftlem. 
 
 Jeremiah, ii. 2. 
 
 5. To exclaim. 
 
 Yet let theiu look tliey s^^^y not in mischief, 
 Nur build their evils on tlie graves of great men, 
 For theji my guiltless blood must cry against iUt-m. 
 
 Sluikesp, 
 Wliat's the matter, 
 That in the several places of the city 
 You cry against the noble senate ? 
 
 Shahcsp. Coriolanns. 
 
 Tf dressing, mistressing, and compliment. 
 Take up thy day, the sun himself will cry 
 Against titce. 'Herbert. 
 
 Lysimachus having obtained the favour of see- 
 ing nis ships and machines, surprised at the con- 
 trivance, cried out, that Uiey were built with 
 more than human art. Arbuthiwt on Coins. 
 
 6. To utter lamentations. 
 
 We came crtfing hither : 
 Thou know'st, iIhh first time that we smell the air, 
 We wawie and cru. SJmkesp. Kinsr Lear. 
 
 Behold, my servants shall sint: for joy of heart; 
 but ye shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall 
 howl for vexation ()f spirit. Jsaiuh, Ixv. 14. 
 
 When any evil has been upon philosophers, 
 they groan as pitifully, and cry out as loud, as 
 other'nien. Titiotson. 
 
 7. To squall, as an infant 
 
 Should some god tell me, that I should be bom, 
 And cry again, his oflVr I shoui-i scttrn. Dtuhuin. 
 
 Thus, in a starry nieht, fuiid children cry 
 For the rich spangles tliat adorn the sky. Waller. 
 
 He struegles first for breath, and cries for aid ; 
 Then heljiless in his mother's lap is laid. 
 
 Drvdens Fables 
 
 Tlie child certainly knows, that the worm-seed 
 or niustaid-^eed it refuses, is not the apple or 
 sugar it cries for. Locke. 
 
 8. To weep ; to shed tears. 
 
 Her who stil weeps with spungy eyes. 
 And her who is dry cork, and never o-iw. Donne. 
 
 9. To utter an inarticulate voice, as an 
 animal. 
 
 He giveth to the beast his food and to the 
 young ravens which cry. Psalm cxlvii. 9. 
 
 The beasts of the field cry also unto thee. 
 
 Jo£l,i. 20. 
 
 10. To yelp, as a hound on a scent. 
 
 He cried upon it at the meerest loss ; 
 Trust me, I take liim for the better dog. Shakesp. 
 
 To Cry. v. a. To proclaim publickly 
 something lost or found, in order to its 
 recovery or restitution. 
 
 CRY 
 
 She seeks, she sighs, hut no where spies hitn : 
 Love is lost, and tluis she cries hini. Crashaw. 
 
 To Cry down, v. a, 
 
 1. To blame ; to depreciate ; to decry. 
 
 Bavius crits (itmvi an admirable treatise of [>hi- 
 lo.sojihy, and says tber,e*s atlieism in it. Watts. 
 
 ]\ien of dissolute lives cru down vebgton, he- 
 cause they would nut be under the restraints of 
 it. Tillotson. 
 
 2. To prohibit. 
 By all means cry dowri that unworthy course of 
 
 late^thues, that tliey should pay money. 
 
 Ihcoii to Villiers. 
 
 3. To overbear. 
 
 I'll to the king, 
 And from a month of honour quite cry down 
 Tliis Ipswich fellow's insolence. &hak. Jlen.Vlll. 
 
 To Cry out. t\ n, 
 
 1. To exclaim; to scream ; to clamour. 
 
 They make the oppressed to cry ; they cry out 
 by reason of the arm of the niig!tty. Job. 
 
 With that Susanna cried with a loud voice, and 
 tlie two elders n-ied o}it against her. Sus. xxiv. 
 
 2. To complain loudly. 
 
 We are ready to cy out of an unequal manage- 
 ment, and to lilame the Divine administration. 
 
 Altcrburu. 
 
 3. To blame ; to censwe : with oj, 
 againsty npon. 
 
 Are the^e things then necessities.** 
 Then let us nu'et them like necessities ; 
 And that same word even now cries out on us. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Giddy censure 
 Wili then ery mit p)f' Marclus ; oh, if he 
 Had borne the business. Shakesp. Conolanns. 
 
 Behold, I cry out u* Wrong, but I am not heard. 
 
 Johf XIX. 7. 
 
 Cry out upon the stars for doing 
 
 III otnces, to cross their wooing. Hudibras. 
 
 Epiphaiiius cries out upon it as rank id<^latry, 
 
 and destructive to their souls who did it. StiCtin^, 
 
 Tumult, ^edili(-n, and rebellion, are things 
 
 that the followers of that hypothesis cry out 
 
 against. Locke. 
 
 I find every sect, as far as reason will help 
 
 them, make use of it gladly ; and where it fails 
 
 them, they cry out, it is matter of faith, and 
 
 above reason. Locke. 
 
 4. I'o declare loud. 
 
 5. To be in labour. 
 
 What! is she crying oiit ?■ ■ . ■ 
 ■ — —So said her woman ; and thai her sulF'rance 
 
 made 
 Each pang a death. Shakesp. Henry Vlll. 
 
 To Cry up, r. a. 
 
 \. To applaud ; to exalt ; to raise. 
 
 Instead of cnjing up all tilings which are 
 hrofight from beyond sea, let us advance the na- 
 tive coiuraodities of ouroun kingdom. 
 
 Bacon to Villicrs. 
 
 The philosopher deservedly suspected himself 
 of vanity, when en t'ti up by the multitude. 
 
 Ghmville's Sceps's. 
 
 The astrologer, if his prcdiciions ctune to pass, 
 is cried up to t1ie stars from whence he pretends to 
 draw them. South. 
 
 They slight the strongest arguments that can be 
 brought for religion, and cry up very weak ones 
 against it. Tillotso/i. 
 
 He may, out of interest, as well as conviction, 
 CTy wp that for sacred, which, if once trampled 
 ori and profaned, he himself cannot be safe nc^r 
 secure. Locke. 
 
 Poets, like monarchs on an eastern throne, 
 Confin'd by nothing but their will alone. 
 Here can cry 7(/), and there as boldly blanip, 
 And, as they please, give infamy or fame. H'u/ift. 
 
 Those who are fond of continuing tlie war, 
 cry lip our constant success at a most prodigious 
 rate. ^ Suift. 
 
 2. To raise the price by proclamation. 
 
 All the effect that I conceive was made by 
 cryiiio- up the pieces of eliiht, was to bring in 
 much more of tnat species, instead of others cur- 
 rent here, '" 
 
 C R Y 
 
 Cry. n. s. [cri, Fi-.] 
 
 1. Lamentation ; shriek ; scream. 
 
 Ami all the (Irst born in the lund of KfTvpt shall 
 die, and there shall be a great cry tlirou^hiut all 
 the land. ~ Eiodtu, 
 
 2. Weeping ; mourning. 
 
 3. Clamour; outcry. 
 Amazement seizes all ; tiie gene'al cry 
 
 Proclaims Laocuun justly duom'd to die. 
 
 Uryikn's T^gil. 
 
 These narrow and sellisli views have so great 
 
 an inliuence in this crti, thai there are several oC 
 
 my fellow fceholders who f.niey the church in 
 
 danger ujiou the rising of bank-stock. Addison, 
 
 4. Exclamation of triumph or wonder, or 
 any other passion. 
 
 In [Mjpish countries some impostor cries out, a 
 miracle! a miracle I to confirm tlie deluded Tul- 
 gar in their errours ; and so the cry goes round. 
 without examining into the cheat. Swift. 
 
 5. Proclamation. 
 
 6. The hawkers proclamation of wares to 
 be sold in the street : as, the cries of 
 London. 
 
 7. Acclamation; popular favour. 
 Tlie ci'ij went once for thee. 
 
 And still it might, and yet it maj' again. Shahefp 
 
 8. Voice; utterance; manner of vocal 
 expression. 
 
 Sounds also, besides the distinct cries (if birds 
 and beasts, are modified by diversity of notes of 
 ditierent length, put together, which make that 
 complex idea called tune JLKke. 
 
 9. Importunate call. 
 Pray not thou for this people, neither lift np 
 
 cry nor prayer for them. Jer. vii. 13. 
 
 10. Yelping oi dogs. 
 He scorns the dog, resolves to try 
 
 The combat next ; but if their cry 
 
 Invades again his trembling ear. 
 
 He strait resumes his wonted care. Wallef. 
 
 1 1. Yell ; inarticulate noise. 
 There sbai! be the noise of a cry from the fisl>- 
 
 gate, and an howling trom the second, and a 
 great crasiiiiig from the hills. Zcyh. i. 10. 
 
 12. A pack of dogs. 
 Abi>ut her middle round, 
 
 Aery of heII-houn:b neverceasing bark'd. Milton. 
 You common cry of curs, whose breath I hate 
 As reek o' th' roitcn fens ; whose loves I prize 
 As the dead carcases of unburied men. 
 That do corrupt my air. Shuhesp. Crrriolarmi, 
 
 Cky'al. n. s. The heron. Ainsworth. 
 
 eRv'ER. See Crier. 
 
 Cry'er. w. s, a kind of hawk, called 
 the falcon gentle, an enemy to pigeons, 
 and very swift. Ainniorth. 
 
 CRY'PTICAL. J Of//, [^ft'olw.] Hidden; 
 
 CRY'PTICK. f secret occult; private; 
 unknown ; not divulged. 
 
 The students of nature, conscious of her more 
 cniptick ways of woikiiig, resolve many strange 
 elkcts into the near elficiency of second catises. 
 GtanvUle's Apol. 
 Speakers, whose chief business is to amuse or 
 delieht, do not cuiifiue themselves to any natural 
 order, but in a erw/itiVul or hidden method adapt 
 every thing to their ends. H utts. 
 
 Cry'ptically. adv. [from a-i/pdcal.] 
 Occukly; secretly: perhaps in the fol- 
 lowing example, "the author might hay* 
 
 written criticalhi. 
 \Vc take the wonl acid in a familiar sense, with- 
 .oui crvpticuUu disthigiiishing it from those sapors 
 that are a-kiii lo it. Boyle. 
 
 Crypto'graphy. n. s. [n^vwiu, and 
 1 . The act of writing secret character* 
 
 Temple. [2. Secret characters ; cyphers. 
 
 44S
 
 CRY 
 
 CRYPTO'LOGY. n.S. [x^i/'ttIw and Xsy^.] 
 Enifrmatical lansruafre. 
 
 CRY'STAL. n.s.^[y.^i,-a>^'&'.] 
 
 1. Cri/stah are hard, pellucid.and naturally 
 colourless bodies, of regularly angular 
 figures, composed of simple, not fila- 
 mentous plates, not flexile or ehutick, 
 giving fire with steel, not fermenting 
 with acid menstrua, and calcining in a 
 strong fire. There are many various 
 species of it produced in different parts 
 of the globe. Hill on Fossils. 
 
 t Island crystal is a genuine spar, <>f an extremely 
 pure, clear, and fine texture, seldom cither ble- 
 mished with llaws or sputs, or stained with any 
 other c^tldur. .-V remarkable property of this 
 bodv, which has much employed the writers on 
 opticks, is its double refraction-, so that if it be 
 laid o\er a black line, drawn on paper, two lines 
 appear in the pbce of one. Hitl. 
 
 Water, as it seems, turneth into crustal; as is 
 seen in divers caves, where the crystal hangs in 
 stilticidiis. Bucon. 
 
 Ucriislal be a stone, it is not immediately con- 
 creted *bv the clficacy of cold, but rather by a 
 mineral spirit. Brown. 
 
 Crustai is certainly known and distinguished by 
 tlie degree of its daphencity and of its refraction, 
 as also of its hardness, which are ever the same. 
 
 TI ooduard, 
 
 i. Crystal is also used for a factitious body 
 cast in the glass houses, called also crys- 
 tal glass, which is carried to a degree of 
 perfection beyond the common glass; 
 though it comes far short of the -white- 
 ness and vivacity of the natural crystal. 
 
 Chambers. 
 
 3. Crystals [in chyn-iistn,'] express salts 
 
 or other matters shot or congealed in 
 
 manner of crystal. Chambers. 
 
 If the menstruum beovercharged, within a sliort 
 
 time the luetals will shoot into certain crystals. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Cry'stal. adj. 
 
 1. Consisting of crystal. 
 
 Then, .Tupiier, tliou king of Gods, 
 Tlly cruaal window ope, look out. Shak. Cvmh. 
 
 2. Bright; dear; transparent; lucid; pel- 
 lucid. 
 
 In groves w-c live, and lie on juossv beds. 
 By CT-i/itaf streams that murmur through the meads. 
 ^ , Drt/den. 
 
 Crystalu:<e. adj. [crystallinus, ImU] 
 
 1. Consisting of crystal. 
 
 Uount eagle to my palace a-mtatline. 
 „, . J , Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 *Ve provided ourselves with some small re- 
 ceivers, blown of ciystatline glass. R^yle. 
 
 2. Bright ; clear ; pellucid; transparent. 
 
 _ 1 he clarifying of water is an experiment tend- 
 uig to the health ; besides the pleasure of the eye, 
 w hen water is cnistalline. It is eftected by casting 
 in aud placing pebbles at the head of the current, 
 tliat the waler may strain through them. 
 
 „ , . , , Bucon'-i Xat. Hist. 
 
 Me on the wings of cherub rode sublime 
 On the crystalline sky, in saphir thron'd 
 Illustrious far and wide. Milton. 
 
 Crystalline Humour. ?i.s. The se- 
 cond liumour of the eye, (hat lies imme- 
 diately next to the aqueous bcliind the 
 urea, op)>osite to the papilla, nearer to 
 the fore part than the back part of the 
 glolie. It is the least of the humours, 
 iMit much more solid than any of them. 
 Its figure, which is convex on botli sides, 
 resembles two unequal segments of 
 spheres, of which the most convex is on 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CUB 
 
 its backside, which makes a small cavitv 
 in the glassy humour in whicli it lies. It 
 is covered with a fine coat, called aranea. 
 Tlie parts of tlie e\e are made convex, and es- 
 pecially the crystalline humour, wliicli is of a lenti- 
 cular figure, convex on both sides. HayontheCrea 
 
 Crystalliza'tion. n.S. [from crystal- 
 lize.] 
 
 1 . Congelation into crystals. 
 
 Such a combination of saline particles as resem 
 bles the form of a crystal, variously modified, ;ic- 
 cording to the nature and texture of llie >dk*, 
 J he melhud is bv dissolving any saline body ii 
 water, and fillenng it, to evaporate, till aVdri 
 appear at the top, and then let it stand to shoot 
 and this il does by that attractive force which is 
 in all bodies, and particularly in salt, by rcas(tn 
 of its solidity: whereby, wheii the mcnstruuiu i.i 
 fluid, in which such particles flow, is sated enougl 
 or evaj. orated, so that the saline panicles are 
 wjihiri each other's attractive powers, thev draw 
 one another more than they are drawn l>y the 
 fluid, then will ihey run into" crystals. And this 
 is peculiar to those, that let them he ever so 
 much divided and reduced into minute particles, 
 yet V. hen they are fonued into crystals, thev each 
 of them reassume their proper shapes ; so that one 
 mtgiit as easily divest thera of their sajtness, as 
 of their figure. This being an immutable and 
 perpetual law, by knowing the figure of the 
 orystah, we may understand what the texture of 
 the particles ought to be, which can form those 
 cry.stals; and, on the other hand, by knowing tlie 
 texture of the particles, may be determined the 
 figure of the crystals. Quinci]. 
 
 2, The mass formed by congellatiou or 
 concretion. 
 
 Ail natural roetallick and mineral crystalli^tioHS 
 were etlVcted by the water, which first brouciit 
 the particles, wliereof each consists, out from 
 amongst the matter of the strata. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 To Cry'stallize. v. a. [from cnjstal] 
 To cause to congeal or concrete in 
 crystals. 
 
 If you dissolve copper in aquafortis, or spirit 
 of nitre, you may, by crystaliiziiig the solution, 
 obtain a goodly 6lue. BouU. 
 
 To Cry'stallize. r. w. To coagulate, 
 congeal, concrete, or shoot into crystals. 
 
 Recent urine will crystallize by inspissation, 
 and atford salt neither acid nor allcaline. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 CUB. n.S. [of uncertain etymology.] 
 
 1. The young of a beast; generally of a 
 bear or fox. 
 
 I would <iut5tare the sternest eyes that look, 
 Pluck the young sucking cubs from the she-bear. 
 
 Sfiakesp. 
 
 This night, wherein the cut-drawn bear would 
 
 couch. 
 
 The lion, and the belly-pinched wolf, 
 
 Keej) their fur dry. SJtake^. King Lear. 
 
 In the eagle's destroying one fox's ciiJ)s, Oiere's 
 
 power executed with oppression. L' Estrant^e. 
 
 2. The young of a whale, perhaps of any 
 viviparous fish. 
 
 Two raighiy whales, which swelling seas had 
 tost. 
 One as a numntain vast, and with her came 
 A cub, not much inferior to his dame. WaUer. 
 
 3. In reproach or contempt, a young boy 
 
 or girl. 
 
 O thou dissembling cub! what wilt thou be, 
 \Vhen lime hath sow d a grizzle on thy caser 
 Or wiil not else thy craft so quickly grow, 
 That thine own trip shall be thine overthrow ? 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 O most comical sight! a country squire, with 
 the equipage of a wife and two daughters, came 
 to Mr. Snipwei's shop last night; but, such two 
 uniickcd cubs! Omgreiv. 
 
 To Cub. v. a. [from the noun.] To bring 
 
 CUB 
 
 forth : used of beasts, or of a woman in 
 contempt 
 
 Cuhh'd ill a cabin, on a mattress laid, 
 On a brown ^eur^e with bius^' ^wab^^•r5 fod : 
 Dead wine, tliat stinks of tlit; Uurracliio, sup 
 From a foul jack, or greasy' maple cn|>. 
 
 Drudrn's Pernut. 
 
 Cuba'tion. n.S. [cubatio, Lat.] The 
 act of lying down. Diet. 
 
 Cu'b.\TORY. adj. [from cuho, Lat.] Re- 
 cumbent. Dirt. 
 
 Cl'b.'VTURE. n. s. [from cube.'\ The find- 
 ing exactly the solid content of any pro- 
 posed body. Harris. 
 
 CUBE. n. s. [from xt^o; a die.] 
 
 1. [In geometry.] .'\ regular solid body, 
 consisting of six square and e<|ual faces 
 or sides, and the angles all right, and 
 therefore equal. Chambers. 
 
 2. [In arithmetick.] See CtJBirK yumbtr. 
 
 All tlie master planets move about the sun at 
 several distances, as their comini>n centre, and 
 with dilTt-rent velocities. Tliis common law being 
 obser\ed in all of them, that the squares < f the 
 times of the revolutions are proporlinnal to the 
 cubes of their distances. Creir's C'cemotngia. 
 
 Cure Root. \n.s. The origin of a cu- 
 Cii'bick Rout.f bicknumber; or a num- 
 ber, by whose mulliplication into itself, 
 and again into the jjroduet, any given 
 number is formed : thus two is the cube 
 root of eight. Chambers. 
 
 CuBEB. n. s. A small dried fruit resem- 
 bling pepper, hut somewhat longer, of a 
 greyish brown colour on the surface. It 
 has an aromatick smell, and is acrid to 
 the taste. Cubtbs are brought from 
 Java. Hill. 
 
 Aroiiiaticks, as ctibehs, cinnamon, and nutmegs, 
 are usually' put into crude poor wines, to give 
 them more oily spirits. Ftoyer on the Humourt. 
 
 t_-L BICAL. I J • r/» I T 
 
 r, . > ad), rtrom cube. 
 
 Cu BICK. j '' '■ •' 
 
 1 . Having the form or properties of a cube. 
 
 A close vessel, containing ten cu^ira/ feet of air, 
 will not sutfer a wax candle of an ounce to burn in 
 it above au hour before it be suffocated. 
 
 nUkin's Math. Ma^. 
 
 It is above a hundred to one, against any [ arti- 
 cular throw, that you do not cast any civen set of 
 faces with four ciihical dice; because tliere are so 
 many several combinations of the six faces of four 
 dice. BentUy's Scrnwns. 
 
 2. It is applied to numbers. 
 
 The number of four nndtiplied into itself, pro- 
 duceth the square imaiber of sixteen ; aihj that 
 again multiplied by four, produceth tl>e cubick 
 number of sixty-four. If we should suppose a 
 multitude actually infinite, there must be infinite 
 roots, and square and cubick numbers ; yet, of 
 necessity, the root is but the fourth part'of tho 
 square, inid the sixteenth part of the cubick num- 
 ber. Hale's Oi-igin of' Man^:ind. 
 
 The number of ten hath been as hidily extolled, 
 as containing even, odd, long and plain, quadrate 
 and cubical numl>ers. Bntvn's ^'ulg. Err. 
 
 CuBicALNESS. n. s. [from cubical.] The 
 
 state or quality of being cubical. 
 CUBICULARY. adj. [from cubiculiim, F.aL] 
 Fitted for the y)osture of lying down. 
 
 Custom, by degrees, changeil their cubicttlary 
 beds into discubitory, and introduced a fashion 
 to go from the baths unto these. 
 
 Brmcti's T'ti/». Err. 
 Ci'biform. adj. [from cube and/or»j.] 
 
 Of tlie shape of a cube. 
 CU BIT. n.S. [from cubitus, Lat.] A mea- 
 sure in use among the ancients ; which 
 '3M ^ 449
 
 cue 
 
 ■was originally tlie distance from the el- 
 bow, bendinj;- inwards, to tlie extremity 
 of the middle finder. Tiiis measure is 
 the fourth part of a well-proportioned 
 man's stature. Some fix the Hebrew 
 cubit at twenty inches and a half, Paris 
 measure ; and others at eighteen. Calimi. 
 
 From tlie tiii <>f tlie cllww to the end of the 
 
 lout: fiiicer, is half a jaid, and a quarter of the 
 
 stat'ure ;' ;inil makes a ciiliit, the first measure we 
 
 read of, the ark if Noah being framed and mea- 
 
 ured l>v cubits. Holder wi Time. 
 
 Mea^ir'd' by cubit, length, and breadth, and 
 heicht. Miltmi. 
 
 The Jews used two sorts of cubits; the sacred, 
 and the profane or common one. 
 
 ArbiUhnot on Measures. 
 
 When on the goddess first I cast my sight, 
 Scarce scemVl her stature of a cubit heiyht. I'ope. 
 
 Cu'bital. ikIJ. [lubitalis, Lat.] Con- 
 taining only the length of a cubit. 
 
 The watchmen of Tyre miyht well be called 
 pygmies, the towers oi that city being so high, 
 that unto men below Ihcy appeared in a cubitul 
 stature. Bronus lulg. Err. 
 
 Cu'CKlNGSTOOL. ti.s. An engine m- 
 vented for the punishment of scolds and 
 unquiet women, which, in ancient times, 
 was called tumbrel. Cowell. 
 
 These lUDuntcd on a ch.iir-curule, 
 U'hich moderns call a cucking-stool, 
 March proudly to the river's side. HuMras. 
 CUCKOLD, n. s. [cocu, Fr. from coukoo.] 
 One that is married to an adultress; 
 one whose wife is false to his bed. 
 
 But for all the whole world ; why, who would 
 not make her husband a cuckold, to make him a 
 monarch ? I should venture purgatory for't. 
 
 Shakesp. Othello. 
 There have been. 
 Or I am much deceiv'd, cuckolds ere now ; 
 And niHiiv a man there is, ev'ii at this nreseiit, 
 Now while I speak this, holds his wife by th arm, 
 That Utile thinks slie has been sluic'd in 's ab- 
 sence. Sbakesp. 
 For though the law makes null th' adulterer's 
 deed 
 Of lands to her, thtcuckold may succeed. 
 
 Drydetis Juvenal. 
 Ever since the reign of king Chailes U. the al- 
 derman is made a cuckold, the deluded virgin is 
 debauched, and adultery and fornication are com- 
 milted behind the scenes. Swift. 
 
 To Cuckold. f.«. 
 
 !• To corrupt a man's wife; to bring upon 
 a man the reproach of having an adul- 
 terous wife; to rob a man of his wife's 
 
 fidelit}'. 
 
 If Ihou canst cuckold him, thou dn'st thyself a 
 pleasure, and me a sport. Shakesp.^ Othello. 
 
 2. To wrong a husband by unchastity. 
 But suffer not thy wife abroad to roam, 
 Nor strut in strcets'with amazonian pace; 
 For Ihat's to cuckolil thee before ihy face. 
 
 Drijdcns Juvenal. 
 
 Cu'cKOLDLY. adj. [from ctickold.] Hav- 
 ing the qualities of a cuckold; poor; 
 mean ; cowardly ; sneaUing. 
 
 Poor ci'.ckildlii knave, 1 know him not: yet I 
 wrong him to call him poor ; they say the jealous 
 knave hath masses of money. _ 
 
 Shakesp. Merru TI ires iif TI indsor. 
 Cu'cKOLDMAKER. n. s. [cuckold and 
 make.'] One that makes a practice of 
 corrupting wives. 
 
 If 1 spared any that had a head to hit, either 
 Voiing or old, he nr she, cuckold, or cuckoldmuker, 
 let me never hope to see a chine again. 
 
 Sfwkew- Henry \ ill-. 
 One Hernando, CHcfcoWntdfcer of this city, con- 
 trived to steal her away. Vryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 cue 
 
 Cu'cKOLDOM. n. *. [from cuckold.] 
 
 1. The act of adultery. 
 
 She is thinking on nothing but her colonel, and 
 coiis[)iriiig cuckoldom against nie. _ 
 
 Dryden's Spanish Fruir. 
 
 2. The state of a cuckold. 
 
 It is a true saying, that the last man of the pa- 
 rish that knows of Ills cuch'Wnm, is himself. 
 
 Arbutbml's John Bull. 
 
 CUCKOO, n. s. [ciiculiis, Lat. ctvccw, 
 Welsh; cocu, French; cokkock, Dutch.] 
 
 \. A bird which appears in the spring, and 
 is said to sitck the eggs of other birds, 
 and lay her own to be hatched iu tlieir 
 place : from whicli practice, it was usual 
 to alarm a husband, at the approach of 
 an adulterer, by calling cuckoo ; which, 
 by mistake, was in time applied to the 
 husband. This bird is remariiable for 
 the uniformity of his note, from whieli 
 his name in most tongues seems to have 
 
 been formed. 
 
 Finding IMopsa, like a cuckoo by a nightingale, 
 alone with Pamela, I came in. ^ Siduty 
 
 The merry cuckoo, messenger of spring. 
 His trumpet shrill hath thrice already sounded. 
 
 Spensa: 
 The plain song cuckoo gray. 
 Whose note full many a man doth mark, 
 And dares not aiiswe'r, nay. Shakesp. 
 
 Take heed, have open eye ; for thieves do foot 
 by night : 
 Take heed ere summer comes, or cuckoo birds af- 
 fright. Shakesp. 
 I deduce, 
 From tlic first note the hollow cuckoo sings, 
 Tlie symphony of spring ; and touch a theme 
 llnkiiown to fame ; the passion of the grove. 
 
 Thomsoyt. 
 
 2. It is a name of contempt. 
 
 Why, what a rascal art thou, then, to praise 
 
 him so for running! A-horseback, ye cuckoo; 
 
 — but a-foot, he w^iU not budge a foot. 
 
 Sliakesp. Hcriry IV. 
 
 Cu'CKOO-BUD. \n.s. [cardamiiius, 
 
 Cu'cKOO-FLOWER. J Lat.] The name 
 of a flower. 
 
 When dazies ]iied, and violets blue. 
 And curJinn-fciirfs of yellow hue, 
 Do paint the meadows ranch bedight. Shakesp. 
 
 Nettles, cuckoo-fiowers. 
 Darnel, and all the idle weeds. Sbak. King Lear. 
 Cu'cKOO-SPlTTLE. n. s. [cuckoo and spit 
 
 tic] 
 
 Ciickoo-spittle, or woodseare, is that spumous 
 dew or exudation, or both, found upon |ilanls, 
 especially about the joints of lavender and rose- 
 mary ; observable with us about the latter end of 
 i.iiiy. Brown's Vutg. Kit. 
 
 Cu'cuLLATE. 1 adj. [cuculatus, hooded, 
 
 CU'CULLATED. j Lat.] 
 
 I. Hooded; covered, as with a hood or 
 
 cowl . 
 •2. Having the resemblance or shape of a 
 
 hood. 
 
 They are differently cucullatcd, and capnched 
 U|Hin (he head and back. iirou'it's Vuig. Err. 
 
 Cu'cuMBER. n.s. [cucumis, Lat.] The 
 name of a plant, and also of the fruit of 
 
 tliat pl.-.nt. . , , , 
 
 It hath a flower consisting of one single leaf, 
 bell-shaped, and expanded toward the top, and 
 cut iiUo many segments ; of which some are male, 
 or barren, hkving no embryo, but only a large 
 style in the middle, charged with /m-iM : others 
 ar'e female, or fruitful, being fastened to an em- 
 bryo, which is afterwards changed into a fleshy 
 fruit, for the most part oblong and turbinated, 
 which is divided into three or four cells, inclosing 
 many oblong seeds. The species are, 1. The 
 
 CUD 
 
 common cucumber. 2. The white cucumber 
 3. 'J'he long Turkey cucumber. Millet 
 
 How cucumbers along the surface creep. 
 With crooked bodies and with bi Hies deep. 
 
 Drodcn's Virgil. 
 
 CUCURBITA'CEOUS. adj. [fromcacar- 
 bita, Lat. a gourd.] 
 
 Ciicur6i(arroi<s plants are those which resemble 
 a gourd ; such as the pumpioii and melon. Chamh. 
 Cu'cuRBlTE. n.x. [cucurbita, Lat.] A 
 chymical vessel, commonly called a 
 Iwdi/, made of c.nrtli or glass, in the 
 shape of a gourd, and therefore called 
 ciiciirbitc. Quincy. 
 
 I have for curiosity's sake distilled quicksilver 
 in a cucurbite, (itted'vvith a capacious glass head. 
 Boyle on Colonrt. 
 Let common yellow sulphur be put into a cu- 
 curbite glass, upon which pour the strongest aqua 
 Jm-tis. Mortimer. 
 
 CUD. n.s. [cub. Sax.] That food which 
 is rcposited in the first stomach in order 
 to rumination, or to be chewed ag.-tin. 
 
 Many times, when my master's caiUe came 
 hither to chew their cutl in this fresh place, I 
 might see the young bull testify his love. Sid7iey. 
 
 You range the pathless wood, 
 While on a flow'ry bank he chews the cud. Dryd. 
 Cu'dden. ) n.s. [without etymoloyy.] A 
 Cu'ddy. ji clown; a stupid rustick; a 
 low dolt : a low bad m ord. 
 
 The slavering cuddtii, propp'd n])on his staff, 
 Stood ready gaping wilh a grinning 1 lugh. Vryd. 
 
 To Cu'ddle v. n. [a low word, I believe, 
 without etymology.] To lie close; to 
 
 squat. 
 
 Have you inark'd a partridge puake, 
 Viewin^the tow'ring falcon nigh? 
 
 She cuddles low behind the brake ; 
 Nor would she stay, nor dares she fly. Prior 
 
 CUDGEL. 71. s. [kiid.se. Diit.] 
 1. A stick to strike with, lighter than a 
 club, shorter than a pole. 
 
 Vine twigs, while they are green, are brittle; 
 
 yet the wood, dried, is extreme tough ; and was 
 
 used bv the captains of armies, amongst the Ko- 
 
 maiis, for their cudgels. Bacon. 
 
 Do not provoke the rage of stones 
 
 And cudgels to thy bide and bones : 
 
 Tremble and vanish. Hudibras. 
 
 The ass was quickly given to understand, with 
 
 a good cudgel, the rlilference betwixt the one 
 
 playfellow a.ul the other. L Estrange. 
 
 flis surly officer ne'er fail'd to crack 
 His knotty cudgel on his tougher b.tek. 
 
 Vruden s Juvenal. 
 This, if well reflected on, would make people 
 more wary iu the use of the rod and tlie c"<'gei. 
 
 The wise Cornelius was convinced, that these, 
 being polemical arts, could no more be learned 
 alone than fencing or curfgeZ-playmg. 
 
 Arbutbnot and rope. 
 
 •2. To cross the Cudgels, n to forbear the 
 contest, from the practice of cudgel- 
 players to lay one over the other. 
 
 It is much better to give way, than it would be 
 to contend at first, and then eillier to cross the 
 cudeels, or to be baffled in the conclusion. 
 
 ^ L Estrange. 
 
 To Cu'dgel. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To beat with a stick. 
 
 Mv lord, he speaks most vilely of yon, like a 
 foul-mouthed man as lie is; and said he would 
 cudgel you. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 'IMie ass courting his master, just as the spaniel 
 had done, instead of being stroked and marte 
 much of, is only rated olf and cudgelled for all Ins 
 conrtshii>. ,j , .^""l'^ 
 
 Three duels lie fought, thrice ventur d his lile , 
 Went home, and was cudgtU'd again by his wite. 
 
 Swijt. 
 
 450
 
 C U F 
 
 2. To beat in general. 
 
 Cudgel tliy brains no more about it ; for jour 
 dull ass will not mend liis pace with bealinL'. 
 
 Shahesp. Uamlt't. 
 A good woman liappened to pass bv, as a cni- 
 paiiy of yumin fellows were cudgelling a walnut- 
 free, and asked them what they did that for. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Cudgel-proof, adj. Able to resist a 
 slick. 
 
 His doublet was of sturdy buff. 
 And lliougluiot sword, yet cii<;^c/-pro.i/'. Hudihras. 
 Cu'dle. ?j.s. A small sea-fish. 
 
 Of round 6sh there are britt, sprat, cudles, eels, 
 
 Carew. 
 
 Cu'dweed. n. s. [from cud and wml.] 
 A plant. Miller. 
 
 Cue. n.s. \ queue, a tail, Fr.] 
 
 1. The tail or end of any thing; as, the 
 long curl of a wig. 
 
 2. The last words of a speech, which the 
 player, who is to answer, catches, and 
 regards as intimation to begin. 
 
 Pyrumus, youhepn: when you have spoken 
 your speech, enter into that brake ; and so every 
 one according to his cue. 
 
 Shaheip. Midsummer Kight's Dream. 
 
 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direc- 
 tion. 
 
 What 's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, 
 That he should weep for her? What would he do, 
 Had he the motive and the cue for passion 
 That I have ? He would drown tlie stage with 
 tears. Shahcsj}. 
 
 Let him know how many servants there are, of 
 both sexes, who expect vails ; and give them their 
 cue to attend in two lines, as he leaves tjie house. 
 
 Swijt. 
 
 4. The part which any man is to play in 
 his turn. 
 
 Hold your hands, 
 Both you of my inclining, and the rest : 
 Were it my cue to fight, 1 should have known it 
 Without a" prompter. Shahesp. Othello. 
 
 Neither is Otto here a much more taking gen- 
 tleman ; nothing appears in his cue to move pity, 
 or any way make the audience of his party. 
 
 Bymers Tragedies of the lust .^ge. 
 
 5. Humour: temper of mind : a low word. 
 CUL .iPO. n.s. [Span.] Tobe in cnerpo, 
 
 is to be without the up|)er coat or cloke, 
 so as to discover the true shape of the 
 ciierpo or body. 
 
 K\posed in cuerpo to their rage. 
 Without my arms and equipage. Hudibras. 
 
 CUFF. ti.s. [::tiffa, a battle; zuffare lo 
 fight, Ital.] 
 
 1 . A blow with the fist ; a box ; a stroke. 
 
 The priest let fall the book. 
 And as he stoopM again to take it ui). 
 The mad-brain'd bridegroom took him such a cuff'. 
 'I'hat down fell priest and book, and book and 
 [jriesl. Shahesp. 
 
 There was no money bid for argument, unless 
 tlie poet and the player went to cujjs in the (pies- 
 ti'jn. Shahesp. 
 
 He gave her a cuff' on the ear, and she would 
 prick iiiin with her knitting-needle. 
 
 Arhuthnot's John Bull. 
 
 Their own sects, which now lie duruiant, would 
 
 be soon at cuffs again with each other about power 
 
 a:id preferiiieiit. Sicift. 
 
 2. !t is used of birds that fight with their 
 tiilons. 
 
 To Cuff. v. v. [from the noun.] To 
 fight ; to scufHe. 
 
 Clapping farces acted by the court. 
 While the peers cu^to make the rabble sport. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 To Cuff. v. a. 
 
 CUL 
 
 1. To strike with the fist. 
 
 I'll after hitn again, atid beat him. 
 
 Do, ruf^ him soundly; but never draw thy 
 
 sword. Shahesp. 
 
 WVre not you, my friend, abused, atid cujled, 
 
 and kicked ? Congrcve^s Old liuclielor. 
 
 2. To strike with the talons. 
 
 Those la/vow Is, whoperch'd near fortune's top, 
 .Sit only watchful with their heavy wings 
 'J'o ct*// down nrw-lledg'd virtues, that would rise 
 'Jo nobler heights, and make the grove harmoni- 
 ous. Otwdii. 
 
 The dastard crow, that to the wood made witig. 
 With her loud kaws her craven kind does bring. 
 Who, safe in numbers, cuji llie uuble bird. Urud. 
 
 They with their quills did all the hurt they coti'd. 
 And cuff'd the tender chickens from (heir food. 
 
 Driiden. 
 
 3. To strike with the wings. This seems 
 improper. 
 
 Hov'ring about the coasts, they make their 
 moan, 
 And cuff the clilTs with pinions not their own. 
 
 IJruden's JEnehl. 
 
 Cuff. n.s. [coi;^*;, Fr.] Partof the sleeve. 
 
 He railed at fops; and, itistead of the common 
 
 fashion, he would visit his mistress in a morning 
 
 gown batid, short cuffs^ and a peaked beard. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 Cui'nage. n. s. The making up of twine 
 into such forms, as is commonl)' framed 
 into for carriage to other places. 
 
 Coifcll. 
 
 CUIHASS. w. s. \ciiirasse, Fr. from cuir 
 leather; cornccia, Ilal.] A brea,st|)late. 
 
 The lance pursued the voice williout delay, 
 And pierc'd his c»(irass, with such fi.rj^ sent. 
 And sign'd his busoin with a pur, le tint. Dryd. 
 
 Cuira'ssier. n.s. [from cuirass.l A man 
 
 at arms ; a soldier in armour. 
 
 The field, all iron, cast a gleaming brown. 
 Nor wanted clouds of foul, nor on each horn 
 Cuirassiers, all in steel, for standing fight. Milton. 
 
 The picture of St. George, wherein he is de- 
 scribed like a cuirassier, or horseman completely 
 armed, is rather a symbolical image than any f.ro- 
 per figure. Brou:n's I ulg. Err. 
 
 CuiSH. w. s. [cttisse, Fr.] The armour 
 that covers the thighs. 
 
 I saw young Harry, with ins beaver on. 
 His cuishcs on his thighs, gallantly arm'd, 
 llise from the ground like feather' IVIercury. 
 
 Shahesp. Henrv IV. 
 The croslet some, and some the cuishes mould, 
 With silver plated, and with ductile gold. 
 
 Drijden^SjEyieid. 
 
 But what had our author to wound --Eneas with 
 
 at so critical a time ? And how came the cuishes 
 
 to be worse tempered than the rest of his arnuiur ? 
 
 Drijdcn. 
 [colidei, Lat.] Monks 
 
 Cu'i.DEES. n. s. 
 
 in Scotland. 
 Cu'lerage. ti. s. 
 
 Akse-smart. 
 Cu'linary. adj 
 
 The same plant with 
 Ainswnrt/i. 
 [ctilhifi, Lat.] Relat- 
 ing to the kitchen ; relating to tiie ai't 
 of cookery. 
 
 Great weight may condense those vapours and 
 exhalations, as soon as they shall at any lime be- 
 gin to ascend from the sun, and make tliem pre- 
 sently fail back again into him, aitd by ll-.at action 
 incre'ase Ills heat; nnich after the manner that, in 
 our earth, the air incre.ises the beat of a culiiiurii 
 fire Newtiut. 
 
 To those who, bv reason of their northern 
 expositifin, will be still forced to be at the oxpence 
 o( culiiiaru fires, it will reduce the price of their 
 manufacture. Arbuthm^t. 
 
 To CULL. v.a. [r«ei/Vr,Fr.] To select 
 from others ; to pick out of many. 
 
 The best of every thing they had being culled 
 out for tlietnselves, if there were in their flocks any 
 
 C U L 
 
 poor HiscasrH thing not worth llie keeping, xhty 
 thought it good enough fur ihc ultur uf (Ju'J. 
 
 Uookcr, 
 Our engines shall he l/ent 
 Apainsl the brows of ihis resisiiiig town: 
 Call for our chiefest men if discipline, 
 Tu cull the pluts of best advantiige. 
 
 bihahexp. King John, 
 Like the bee, cuUing from ev'rv liowV, 
 Our thiglis are packt with hsx, our mouths with 
 lioney. SJiakerp. 
 
 I do remember an apothecary 
 In latliT'd wi-eds, with overwhelming brows, 
 Culling of simi'les. LbhaUcsp. Jiomto and Juliet, 
 
 Then in a moment furlui.e siiall cuU forlJi, 
 Out of unc side, tier happy minion. 
 
 Shahesp. King John. 
 The choicest of the British, the R**man, Saxun, 
 and Norman laws, being cu//«/, as it were, this 
 grand charier was extraclcd. 
 
 lioud's Parley of Beasts. 
 When false flow'rs of rhetorick thou would'st 
 cull, 
 Trust nature, do not labour to be dull. Drydcn, 
 
 From his herd he euUs, 
 For slaughter, four the faitcit of hi^ hulls. 
 
 Drvden's Virgil^ 
 When tlic current pieces of the same denomi- 
 nation are of ditlVrent weiglits, then the traders 
 in money cu// out the heavier, and melt them diwn 
 with profit. Locke. 
 
 With humble duty and officious haste, 
 I'll cull the fariliest'mead for thy repast. Prior. 
 
 The various ott'rings of the world appear: 
 Friim each slie nicely culls with curious toil. 
 And decks the goddess with the glilt'ring spoil. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Cu'ller. w. s. [from cull.] One who 
 
 picks or chooses. 
 CU'LLION. n. s, [from cos:Iwnc a fool, 
 
 Ital. or perhaps from scullion. It seems 
 
 to import meanness rather than folly.] 
 
 A scoundrel ; a mean wretch. 
 
 Such a one as leaves a gentleman, 
 And makes a gud of such a cnUion. 
 
 Shakesj). Taming nf the Shrnc, 
 Up to the breach, you dogs; avauiuj-uucn/ZuTU. 
 
 Shtthesp. 
 
 Cu'llionly. adj. [from cullioit.] Hav- 
 ing the qualities of a cullion ; mean ; 
 base. 
 
 I'll make a sop o' ih* moonshine of you : you 
 whoreson, cuUionly, barber-monger draw. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Cu'llumbine. 71. s. [more properly spelt 
 Columbine.] The flowers of this 
 plant are beautifully variegated with 
 blue, purple, red. ami white. Miller, 
 
 Her goodly bosom, like a strawberry bed ; * 
 Her neck, lite to a bunch uf cultumbincs. Spenser. 
 
 CULLY, n.s. {cogHoyie, Ital. a fool.] .\ 
 
 A man deceived or imposed upon; as by 
 
 sharpers, or a strumpet. 
 
 \\ hy slioidd you, whoj^e mother-whs 
 Are furnish'd with all peiquisiies, 
 ir allow'd to put all tricks upon 
 Our cullii se.\, and we use n«ine? Hntiibras, 
 
 Yet the rich fuUies mav their boasting spare : 
 Thev purcliJise hut suphiscated ware. Dnjden. 
 
 He takes it in mights dudgeon, because I won't 
 let him make mc over by deed as his lawful cuUtt, 
 
 Arhuthrujt, 
 
 To Cu'lly. V. a. [from the noun.] To be- 
 fool ; to cheat ; to trick ; to deceive; to 
 impose upon, 
 
 Cilmi'ferous. adj, [culmus, axidfero, 
 Lat.] 
 
 CnliniferoHS plants are such as have a smooth 
 J linted'stalk, aitd usually hollow; and at each 
 j iat die stalk is wrapped" about wit!) single, mr- 
 row, long, sharp-pointed loaves, and their seedt 
 are contained in chaffy husks. Quincif 
 
 451
 
 C U L 
 
 Tliere are also several sorlt of grasses, both of 
 the Cyprus ami rulmijerous kinds; some wuii 
 broaiier, others with narrower le;ives. 
 
 ]\'otKlu-ard (ni Fossils. 
 
 The properest food of tlie vei;clcible khigdom is 
 taken from the farinaceous or mealy seeds of some 
 culmi/erous plants; as oats, barley, wheat, rice, 
 rye, maize, panic, millet. Avbuthnnt. 
 
 7'« CU'LMINATE. v.n. [culinen, Lat.] 
 'J'o be ^ ertical ; to be in the meridian. 
 
 ¥nY and wide his eye commands : 
 For sight iio obstacle found here, or shade. 
 But all snnshiia- ; as when his beams at noon 
 Ciittninate from th' equator. MiUons Far. Lost. 
 
 Culmina'tion. n. s. [from ailminafe.] 
 The transit of a planet through the me- 
 ridian. 
 
 Culpaei'lity. U.S. [from culpable.] 
 Blanieableness. 
 
 CIJ LPABLE. adj. [culpabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Criminal. 
 
 Proceed no straiter 'gainst our uncle Glo'ster, 
 Than from true evidence of good esteem 
 He he.ipprov'd in practice culpable. Shah. H, VI. 
 
 2. Gf.ilty ; with of. 
 
 These being perhaps culpable of this critue, or 
 favourers of their friends. Spenser's Stateoflrel. 
 S. nlaraeable ; blameworthy. 
 
 The wisdom of God sctteth before us in Scrip- 
 ture so many admirable patterns of virtue, and no 
 one of theiii without soutewhat noted wherein 
 they were culpable ; to the end that to Him alone 
 it tiiicht always be acknowledged, Thou onlu art 
 hiilu, Tlwu onh art just. Hooker. 
 
 .'\ll such ignoran(:e is voluntary, and therefore 
 culpable ; forasmuch as it was in every man's 
 power to have prevented it. Strath. 
 
 CuLPABLENESS, 11. s. [from culpable.'] 
 Blame; guilt. 
 
 Culpably, adv. [from culpable.] Blame- 
 ably; criminally. 
 
 If we perform this duty pitifully and culpablu, 
 it Is not to be expected we should communicate 
 holily. Taylor. 
 
 Cu'lprit. n. s. [about this word there is 
 great dispute. It is used by the judge 
 at criminal trials, who, when the pri- 
 soner declares himself not guilty, and 
 put himself upon his trial, answers Cul- 
 prit, God send thee a good dtUveratice. 
 It is likely that it is a corruption of 
 Qit'il p/iruit, May it so appear; the wish 
 of t!ie judge being that the prisoner may 
 be found innocent.] A man arraigned 
 
 before his judge. 
 
 The knijlit appear'd, and silence they proclaim ; 
 Then first the culprit answer'd to his name ; 
 
 And, after forms of law, was last requir'd 
 To name the thing that woman most desir'd. Dry. 
 
 An author is in the condition of a culprit ; the 
 puhlick are his judges: by allowing too nnicli, 
 and. condescending too far, he may injure his o^vn 
 cause;and by pleading and asserting too boldly, 
 he may displease the court. Priors Pre/. toSolomon. 
 Cu'lter. U.S. [culter, Lat.] The iron of 
 the plough perpendicular to the share. 
 It is commonly written eoulter. 
 
 Her fallow lees 
 The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory, 
 Doth root upon; while that the c«/(fc rusts 
 That should deracinate such savagery. 
 
 S.'iakesp, Henry \ . 
 
 To CU'LTIVATE. v. a. [ciiltiver, Fr.] 
 
 1. To forward or improve the product of 
 
 the earth by natural industrj'. 
 
 Tiiose excelienl seeds implanted in your birth, 
 will, if cnltimtcd, be most Hourishing in jiroduc- 
 tion ; and, as the soil is good, and no cost uor care 
 
 C U L 
 
 waiitinsr to improve it, we must entertain liopes 
 of the richest harvest. Fctton on the Ctassicks. 
 
 2. To improve; to meliorate. 
 
 Were we but less indulgent to our faults, 
 And patience lind tu crf/^iuifc our thoughts. 
 Our muse would tlourish. IVaiUr. 
 
 'lo make iiian mild and sociable to man. 
 To cuitUaU tl»e wild licentiuui savage 
 W itli wisdom, discipline, and liberal arts. 
 Til' euibellishments o( life. Adtiisons Catn. 
 
 Cultiva'tion. 7i,s. [from cultivatt.] 
 
 1. The art or practice of improving soils, 
 and forwarding or meliorating veget- 
 ables. 
 
 2. Improvement in general; promotion; 
 melioration. 
 
 An iimale light discovers tlie common notions 
 of good and evil, which, by cuitivatiim and im- 
 proveuient, may be advanced to hjglier and 
 briijliter discoveries. South. 
 
 A foundation of good sense, and a cultivation of 
 learning, are required to give a seasoning tore 
 tirenjeut, and make us taste the blessing. Drydcn 
 
 Cultiva'tor. n. s. [t\om cultivate,] One 
 ■uho improves, promotes, or meliorates; 
 or endeavours to forward any vegetable 
 product, or any thing else capable of 
 improvement. 
 
 It has been lately complained of, by some cul- 
 tivators of clover grass, that from a great quantity 
 of the seed not any grass springs up. Boyle. 
 
 CULTURE, w. s. [cultura, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of cultivation; the act of tilling 
 the ground; tillage. 
 
 Give us seed unto our heart, and culture to our 
 understanding, that there may come fruit of it. 
 
 2 Esdras, viii. 6. 
 
 These three last were slower than the ordinary 
 wheat of itself, and this cu/ture did rather retard 
 than advance. Bacori. 
 
 The plough was not invented till after the de- 
 luge ; the earth requiring little or no cave or cul- 
 ture, but 3'ielding its increase freely, and without 
 labour and toil. Woodward. 
 
 Where grows?— Where grows it not ? If vain 
 our toil. 
 We ouglit to blame the culture, not the soil, 
 Fix'd to no spot is happiness sincere. Pope. 
 
 They rose as vigorous as the sun ; 
 Then to the culture of the wiUing glebe. Thomson. 
 
 2. Art of improvement and melioration. 
 
 One might wear any passion out of a family by 
 culture, as skilful gardeners blot a colour out of "a 
 tulip that hurts its beauty. Toiler. 
 
 To Culture, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cultivate; to manure; to till. It is used 
 by Thomson^ but without authority. 
 Cu'lver n.s. [cohimba, Lat. culppe^ 
 8ax.] A pigeon. An old word. 
 
 Had he so done, he had him snatch'd away. 
 More light than cuUer in the faulcon's fist. Spe/ts. 
 
 Whence borne on liquid wing, 
 The sounding culver shoots. Thomson s Spring. 
 
 Cu'lverin. n. $, [colouvi'ine, Fr.] A 
 species of ordnance: originally a hawk. 
 
 A whole cannon requires, for every charge, 
 forty pounds of powder, and a bullet of sixty- 
 four pounds; aciihienn, sixteen pounds of powder, 
 and a bullet of nineteen pouiids ; a demi-cu/rcrnj, 
 nine pounds of powder,- and a bullet of twelve 
 pounds. Wilkin's Math. Magic. 
 
 Here a well polish'd mall gives us the joy 
 To see our prince his matchless force employ ; 
 No sooner has he tonch'd the flying ball, 
 But 'tis already more than half "the mail ; 
 And such a fury from his arm 'thas got, 
 As froEu a smoaking culverin 'twere shot. Waller. 
 
 Cu'lvekkey. n. s. A flower. 
 
 Looking down the meadows I could see a girl 
 cropping cuiverktys and cowslips, to make gar- 
 lands, ^Valton's An^kr^ 
 
 CUM 
 
 7t) CUMBER, v.a. [kommere?i, kombe- 
 rev to disturb, Dut.] 
 
 1 . To embarrass ; to entangle ; to obstruct. 
 
 Why a:-ks he what avails liim not in fight. 
 And wi.uld but cumber auii retard his flight. 
 In which Jiisonly excellence is pbc'd ? 
 Voii give him death that intercept his haste. 
 
 Ihyden's Fahles. 
 
 Hardly his head the plunging pilot rears, 
 Clogg'd with his cloaihs, and cumbered with his 
 years. Vryden. 
 
 The learning and mastery of a tongue, being 
 unea-iy and unpleasant enough in itself, should, 
 not be cumbered with any ollur diflicuUies, as is 
 done in this way of proceeding. Locke. 
 
 2. To crowd or load with somethiug 
 
 useless. 
 
 Let it not cumber your better remembrance, 
 
 Shake.^. Timon. 
 
 The midtiplying variety of argument*, espe- 
 cially frivolous ones, is not only lust labour. Cut 
 cumbers the memory to no purjjose. Locke, 
 
 3. To involve in difficulties and dangers: 
 to distress. 
 
 Domesiick fury, and fierce civil strife. 
 Shall cumber all (lie parts of Italy. 
 
 Sliakesp. Julius Ccesar. 
 
 4. To busy; to distract with multiplicity 
 of cares. 
 
 fllartha was C'(m6ere(i about much serving. Luka. 
 
 5. To be troublesome in any place. 
 
 Doth the bramble ci(7»6er a garden? It makes 
 the better hedire ; where, if it chances to prick 
 the owner, it will tear the thief. 
 
 Grew's CosTmilogia. 
 Cu'mber. 7i. s,[kombtrjT>nt] Vexation; 
 burdensomeness ; embarrassment; ob- 
 struction ; hindrance ; disturbance ; dis- 
 tress. 
 
 By tlie occasion thereof I was brouglit to as 
 great cumber and danger, as lightly any might 
 escape. Sidney. 
 
 Thus fade thy helps, and thus thy cumbert 
 spring. Spenser. 
 
 The greatest ships are least serviceable, go verv 
 deep in water, are of marvellous charge and fear- 
 ful cumber. Raleigh. 
 
 Cu'mbersome. adj. [from cumberJ] 
 
 1. Troublesome; vexatious. ^ 
 
 Thinking it ton early, as long as they had any 
 day, to break otf so pleasing a company, witn 
 going to perform a cumhersome obedience. $id7iey. 
 
 2. Burdensome ; embarrassing. 
 
 I was drawn in to write the first part by acci- 
 dent, and to write the second by some defects In 
 the first: these are the cumbersome perquisites of 
 authors. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 3. Unwieldy ; unmanageable. 
 
 Very long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to 
 be readily managed. Kcwtons Opticks. 
 
 Cu'mbersomely. adv, [from cumber- 
 some,] In a troublesome manner ; in a 
 manner that produces hindrance and 
 vexation. 
 
 Cu'mbersomeness. n.s, [i^vom cumber- 
 some.] Encumbrance; hindrance; ob- 
 struction. 
 
 Cu'mbrance. 71. s. [from cumber.] Bur- 
 den ; hindrance ; impediment 
 
 Extol not riches then, the toil of fools, 
 The \vise man's cumbrance, if not snare ; more apt 
 To slacken virtue, and abate her edge. 
 Than prompt her to do aught may merit praise. 
 
 Miitan, 
 
 Cu'mbrous. adj. [from cumber,] 
 
 1, Troublesome; vexatious; disturbing, 
 
 A chnid of C(u»/)r<iijs gnats do him molest. 
 All striving to infix their feeble slings. 
 That from their noyance he no where can rest. 
 
 Spenser 
 
 2. Oppressive ; burdensome. 
 
 452
 
 C U N 
 
 Henceforth I fly not death, nor woulil prolong 
 Life much ! Bent'raihcr, how I may be quit, 
 Fairest and easiest, of tliis cumhrmis cliarge. Hilt. 
 
 They rear'd liiin from the gruuiid, 
 And from his cumbrous arms liis limbs unbound ; 
 Tlien laiicM a vein. DrycUn. 
 
 Possession's load was grown so great, 
 He sunk i)eneath t)ie cmnbrous weieht. Swift. 
 
 3. Jumbled ; obstructing each other. 
 
 Swift to tlieir several quarters hasted tlien 
 The cum/iri)iu elements, earth Hood, air, fire. Milt. 
 
 Cu'mfrey. n. s. [consolida.} A medici- 
 nal part. 
 Cu'min. 71. s. [cuminum, Lat.] A plant. 
 
 jMilUr. 
 
 Bank smellhig rue, and cumin good for evts. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 To CL'iMULATE. v.a. [cwnulo, Lat} To 
 heap together. 
 
 A man that beholds the mighty shoals of shells, 
 bedded and citmuhitett, heap upon heap amongst 
 earth, will scarcely conceive wliich way these 
 could ever live. Wix)du-ard. 
 
 Cumula'tion. n. s. The act of heaping 
 together. Diet. 
 
 Cuncta'tion. n. s. \cunctatio, Lat.] 
 Delay; procrastination; dilatoriness. 
 
 It is most certain, that the English made not 
 their best improvements of these fortunate events ; 
 and that especially by two miserable errours, 
 cunctuii<J7i in prosecuting, ajid haste in departure. 
 
 Haward. 
 
 The swiftest animal, conjoined with a heavy 
 
 body, implies that common mora\, j'estina lente ; 
 
 and that celerity should slways be contempered 
 
 wiib CHRCtatiim. Brou-n, 
 
 CUNCTA'TOR. n.s. [Lat.] One given 
 to delay ; a lingerer ; an idler ; a slug- 
 gard. Not in. use. 
 
 Others, being unwilling to discourage such 
 cunctators, always keep tliem np in good hofe, 
 tliat, if they are not yet called, they may yet, with 
 the thief, Be brought in at the last hour. 
 
 Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 To CUND. r. n. [from konnen to know, 
 Dut.] To give notice : a provincial or 
 obsolete word. See Conder. 
 
 They are directed by a balker or huer on the 
 clili, who, discerning the course of the pilchard, 
 oindeiK, as they call it, the master of each boat. 
 Cm-ews Survey of Comivall. 
 
 CU'NEAL. adj. [cuneus, Lat.] Relating 
 to a wedge ; having the form of a 
 wedge. 
 
 Cc'neated. c///. [cuneus, Lat.] Made 
 in the form of a wedge. 
 
 Cu'neiform. adj. [fromc«7ifKS and for- 
 ma, Lat.] Having the form of a wedge. 
 
 Cuneiform bones, n. s. The fourth, 
 fifth, and sixth bones of the foot; thus 
 called from their wedge-like shape, 
 being lar^e above and nai-row below. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Cu'NNER. 71. s. [lepai.] A kind of fish 
 less than an oyster, that sticks close to 
 the rocks. Ainswnrth. 
 
 CU'NNING. adj. [from connan. Sax. 
 konnen, Dut. to know.] 
 
 1. Skilful; knowing; well instructed; 
 learned. 
 
 School, nasters will 1 keep within my house. 
 Fit to instruct her youth.— To cunning men 
 1 will be very kind ; and liberal 
 Tomineownchihlren.iiig.iod bringing up. Shak. 
 
 I do presfiit you with a man of mine. 
 Cunning iti mosick and the niathematicks, 
 To in»truct her fully iu tliuse sciences. Shakap. 
 
 CUP 
 
 ^'herein is lie good, but to taste sack anH drink 
 it? \\ lie re in cuitmng, but in craft ? Wherein 
 crafty, but in villainy r Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Send me now thcrcfure a raan cunving Ui wfrk 
 in gold and iii &ilver> and tliat can skiU to cut and 
 to grave. 2 Chroructes. 
 
 When Pedro does the lute command, 
 Slie guides x\ie cnnnmg artibt s hand. Piior. 
 
 2. Perfoniied with skill ; artful. 
 
 And over ihem Arachne hijjli did lift 
 Hit ctnuiiig web, and 5.[)read her .tiibtile net. 
 Enwrapped in foul smouk, and clouds more black 
 than jet. Spcmer. 
 
 Andtlterc bf-side of marble stone was Iiuilt 
 An altar, carv'd with cunning imagery ; 
 
 On which true Chri5tiaiiS blood was often spilt, 
 And holy martyrs often dune to die. Spenser. 
 
 Once put nut tliy light, 
 Thon cunning\^ pattern of excelling nature, 
 I knnw not whore is that I'ronietlK'an heat, 
 Tiiiitcan t!iy Vt^Ui reliiniine. Sliuktsp. Othello. 
 
 3. Artfully deceitful; sly; cicsi^ning; 
 tricki-ih ; full of fctclie.s and stratagems ; 
 subtle; crafty; subdolous. 
 
 These small ware? and petty points of cunning 
 are infinite, and it were a good deed to make a Ji^l 
 of them; for nothing duth more hurt than that 
 cunning men pass fur wise. Bacim. 
 
 Men will leave truth and misery to such as love 
 it ; ihey are resolved to be cunning: let others run 
 the hazard of being sincpre. South. 
 
 4. Acted with subtilty. 
 
 The more he protested, the ra(we his father 
 thrjught he dissembled, accounting his integrity to 
 be but a cunning face of fal:^chood. Sidney. 
 
 Cu'nning. 7t.s. [cunninje. Sax.] 
 
 1 . Artifice ; deceit ; sliness ; sleight ; craft ; 
 subtilty; dissimulation ; fraudulent 
 dexterity. 
 
 \Vhat if 1 be not so much the poet, as even tl«t 
 miserable subject of his cunnings whereof you 
 speak ? Sidiu^y. 
 
 We take cunning for a sinister or crooked wis- 
 dom ; and certaiidy there is a great difference be- 
 tween a cunni}ig man and a w ise raan, not only in 
 point of huncsly, but in point uf ability. Bucon. 
 
 Discourage cuiming la a child ; cunning is the 
 ape of wisdum. Locke. 
 
 2. Art ; skill ; knowledge ; right-hand cun- 
 ning. 
 
 Cu'nningly. fl(/i'. [from cunning.] Art- 
 fully; slily; subtilely; by fraudulent 
 contrivance ; craftily. 
 
 Amongst other crimes of this nature, there was 
 diligent enquiry made of such as had raised and 
 dispersed a bruit and rumour, a little before the 
 field foui£ht, that the rebels had the day, and that 
 the kine*3 ami}' was overthrown, and the king 
 fled ; whereby it was supposed, that many suc- 
 cours were cunningly put off and kept back. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 I must meet my danger, and destroy him first ; 
 But c'(Hui«^/yand closely. Denrtam's Sophy. 
 
 When stuck is high, they come between, 
 jMaking by second-hand liieir olFers; 
 
 Then cunninglu retire unseen. 
 With each a milTion in his coffers. Surijt. 
 
 Cu'nningman. n. s. [cunnins^ and matt.] 
 A raan who pretends to tell fortunes, 
 or teach liow to recover stolen goods. 
 
 He sent him for a strong detaclunent 
 Of beadle, constable, antl watchmen, 
 T' attack the cunniugwun fur plunder 
 Committed falsely on his lumber. Hudibras 
 
 CuNNiNGNESS. 71. s. [from cuntiing.] 
 
 Deceitfuliiess; sliness. 
 CUP. ti. s. [cup. Sax. k'op, Dut. coupe, Fr.] 
 1. A small vessel to drink in. 
 
 Thou shall dt'iivcr Pharaoh's cup into his hand. 
 after the former mamier when thou wast his butler. 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 CUP 
 
 Ye lipav'niy [>ow'rs, that guard 
 The British i^les, such dire events remove 
 Far from fair Albion ; nor let civil broils 
 Ferment from social cups. Vh.fipa. 
 
 2. The liquor contained in the cup: the 
 draught. 
 
 Which when the vile enchantress perceiv'd. 
 With cup thus charm'd imparting she deceiv'd. 
 
 SpCTuer. 
 AM friends shall laste 
 The wages of their virtue and all ftjes 
 The cujjsof dieir deberrines Shakap. King Lear. 
 W ill 'tplea&e your lordship, drink a cup of sack? 
 
 Shaktsp 
 Tliey thai never had the use 
 Of the grape's siirpri>ing juice, 
 To the first dfllciuus cup 
 All ihtir reason render up. Waller. 
 
 The V>est, thedeart-st favViteof the sky 
 Must taste that cup ; for man is born to die. 
 
 Popes Odyssey. 
 
 3. [In the plural.] Social entertainment; 
 merry bout. 
 
 Then shall our names, 
 Familiar in their mouth as household words. 
 Be in their flowing cups freshly remembcr'd, 
 
 Sftakesp Henry V, 
 
 Let us suppose thnt I were reasoning, as one 
 friend with another, by the fireside, or in t»ur cups, 
 withoulcare, without any great atfcction to cither 
 party. hnoUt%. 
 
 It was near a miracle to see an old man Mltut, 
 since talking is the disease of age ; but, amongst 
 cups, makes fully a wonder. Ben Jonans Dtscot^ 
 
 Thence from cups to civil broils ! Miiiim, 
 
 Amidst his cups with fainting shiv'ring seiz'd. 
 His limbs disjointed, and all o cr di^ea* d. 
 His hand refuses U) sustain the bowl. 
 
 Drydens Persius. 
 
 4. Any thing hollow like a cup : as, the 
 husk of an acorn : the bell of a flower. 
 
 A pyrites of the same cohxir and shape r>Iaccd 
 in the cavity of another of an hemisplierick fiiiure, 
 in much the same manner as an aconi in its cup. 
 IVoodu-ard on Fossils. 
 
 5. Cup and Can. Familiar companions. 
 
 The can is the large vessel out of which 
 the cup is filled, and to which it is a 
 constant associate. 
 
 You boasting tell us where voo diu*d. 
 And how his lordship was so liiud ; 
 Swear he "s a most facetious man ; 
 That you and he are cup and can : 
 You travel with a heavy load. 
 And quite mistake preferment's road. Suitt. 
 
 6. [coupei\ Fr. to scarify.] A glass to 
 draw the blood in scarification. 
 
 Hippocrates tells you, that in applying of cups, 
 the scarification ought to be made with crooked 
 instruments. Arbnth not. 
 
 To Cup. r.a. [from the noim.] 
 
 1. To supply with cups. This sense is 
 obsolete. 
 
 PlumpY Bacchus, with pink eyne, 
 In thy vats our cares he drowu'd ; 
 With'thy grapes our hairs be crown'd ! 
 Cup us, iiirthe world go round. 
 
 Shitkesft. Ant. and Clcopntrn. 
 
 2. [couper, to cut, Fr.] To fix a ghiss bell 
 or cucurbite upon the skin, to draw the 
 blood in scarification. 
 
 Tlic clotted blood lies lieavvon his heart. 
 Corrupts, and there remains in spite of art ; 
 Nor breatliing veins nor cupping will prevail ; 
 All outward remedies and niward fail. 
 
 Dryden^S Fabfcs. 
 You have quartered all the foul language upon 
 me, thatct>uld be raked out of the air of Billings- 
 gate, without knowing who I am, or wliether I 
 deserve to be cupped and scarified at lhi> rate. 
 
 Spcctuter. 
 Blistering, cupping, and bleeding, are seldom uf 
 use but tu the idle and intem]>crate. 
 
 Addison's ^pectJter, 
 
 453
 
 CUR 
 
 HIra tlie damii'd doctors and his friends im 
 niiii'd ; 
 They bled, they cupp^d^ they parg'd ; in short 
 they cur'd. Pope. 
 
 Cupbearer, w. s, 
 
 1. An wfficer of the kinf^'s Iiouseholil. 
 
 There is conveyed to i\Ir. A illiers an intimntion 
 of the king's pleasure to wait and to he sworn l)i> 
 servant, iuid slioitly after his cupbearer m \nr<ic ; 
 and the suumier following lie was admitted in 
 ordinary. U'utton. 
 
 2. An attendant to give wine at a feast. 
 
 'J'his vine was s:iid to be given to Trus, the fa- 
 ther of Priam, by Jupiter, as a reconi pence for ]iis 
 carryiag away his son Ganymede to be his cnp- 
 hetiicr. Broome. 
 
 Cupboard, n. s, [cup and bofi&, a case 
 or receptacle. Sax.] A case with shelves, 
 in which victuals or earthen ware is 
 placed. 
 
 Some trees are best for planchers, as deal ; some 
 for tables, cupboards, and desks, as walnut. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 Codrus had but one bed ; so short, to boot, 
 Th^t his short wife's short legs hung dangling out : 
 His cupboard's head six earthern pitchers grac'd, 
 Beneath them was his trusty tankard plac'd. 
 
 Drij(le}i's Juvenal. 
 Yet their wine and their victuals these curmud- 
 geon-lubbards 
 Lock up from niy sight, in cellars and cupboards. 
 
 Swift. 
 To Cu'PBOARD. !'.«. [from the noun.] To 
 treasure in a cupboard ; to hoard up. 
 
 The belly did remain 
 I' tir midst o' the body, idle and unactive, 
 Siill cuphoiirdiuo; the viand, never bearing 
 Like labour with the rest. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Cupi'dity. 71. s, [cupiditasj Lat.] Con- 
 cupiscence; unlawful or unreasonable 
 longing. 
 
 CUPOLA, n. s, [Italian.] A dome; the 
 hemispherical sunfimit of a building. 
 
 Nature seems to have designed tlie liead as the 
 cupola to the must gloriuus of her W(jrks ; and 
 Mlicn we load it with supernumerary ornaments, 
 we destfuy the symmetry of the human figure. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 Cu'ppEL. n. s. See Coppel. 
 
 There be other bodies fixed, as we see in the 
 stutr wiiereof cuppcls are made, which they put 
 into furnaces, upon which fire worketh not. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Cu'ppER. ??. s. [from cup.l One who 
 applies cupping-glasses ; a scarifier. 
 
 Cupping-glass, n. s. [from citp and 
 g/ass.] A glass used by scarifiers to 
 draw out the blood by rarefying the air. 
 A bubo, in this case, ought to be drawn out- 
 ward by cupping-glasses, and bruught to suppina- 
 tion. Ji'iseman. 
 
 Cu'PREOUS. adj. [ciipreus, Lat.] Cop- 
 pery ; consisting of copper. 
 
 Having by tlie intervention of a Httie sal armo- 
 niacli, made copper intlamraable, I tuck some 
 small grains, and put llieni under the wick of a 
 burning caiidle ; whereby t'liey were with the 
 melted tallow so kindled, that tlie green, not blue, 
 flame <»f the cupreus body did burn. Boyle. 
 
 Cur. n.s. [koi-re, Dut. See Curtal.] 
 I. A worthless degenerate dog, 
 
 'Tis a good dog. 
 
 — A citr, Sir. 
 
 — Sir, he's a good dog, and a fair dog. Shakesp. 
 
 Here's an old drudging cur turned off to .shift 
 for himself, for want of tlie very teeth and heels 
 
 CUR 
 
 '2. A temn of reproach for a man. 
 
 What would ye have, \e curs, 
 That like not peace inTr war? Sfiakesp. Coriolanh 
 
 This knight had occasion to inquire the way to 
 St. Anne's Lane; the person, wliom he spoke to 
 called him a young popish cur, and asked him 
 "ho made Anne a saint? Addison 
 
 Cu'rable. ad/, [from atre.^ That ad- 
 
 that he had lost in his master's service. L* Estrange 
 
 A cur ma}' bear 
 Tlie name of tiger, lion, or whate'er 
 Denotes the noblest or the fairest beast. 
 
 Drydens Juvenal. 
 
 adj. [from atre.] 
 mits a remedy; that may be healed. 
 
 A consumption of i!u' lungs, at tlie beginning 
 herein ditlcrs from nil other ej/r«We diseases, that 
 it is not to be worn away by change of diet, or a 
 cheerful spirit. Harvey. 
 
 A desperate wound must skilful hands enipluy, 
 But ihine is curable by Philip's boy. Dryd. Jtiv. 
 
 Cu'rablenes.s. n. s. [from curable.] Pos- 
 sibility to be healed. 
 
 Curacy. 7i. s. [from nir ate.] Employ- 
 ment of a curate, distinct from a bene- 
 fice; employment which a hired clergy- 
 man holds under the beneficiary. 
 
 They get into orders as soon as they can, and, 
 if they ne very fortunate, arrive in time to a 
 curacy here in town. Swift. 
 
 CURATE, n. s. [curator, Lat.] 
 J. A clergyman hired to perform ihe du- 
 ties of another. 
 
 He spar'd no pains ; for curate lie had none. 
 Nor durst he trust another with his care. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 2, A parish priest. 
 
 Bishops and curates, and all congregations. 
 
 Common Prayer. 
 
 I thought the English of curate had been" an 
 
 ecclesiastical hireling. No such matter; the 
 
 proper import of the word signifies one who has 
 the cure of souls. Collier on Pride. 
 
 Cu'rateship. w,5. [from cttrate.] The 
 
 same with curacy. 
 Cu'rative. adj. [fi-om cure.] Relating 
 to the cure of diseases ; not preservative. 
 The therapuiick or curative physick, we term 
 tliat which restores the patient unto sanity. 
 
 Broint's Vulg. Eii: 
 
 There may be taken proper useful indications, 
 
 both preservative and curative, from the qualities 
 
 of the air. Arbuihnot. 
 
 CURATOR, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1 . One that has the care and superintend- 
 ence of any tiling. 
 
 The curators of Bedlam assure us, that some lu- 
 natieks are persons of honour. Suift. 
 
 2. A guardian appointed by law, 
 A minor cannot appear as a defendant in court, 
 
 but by his guardian and rnrutdc. Aylifje's Parergon. 
 
 CURB. 71. s. [iourbir, to bentl, Fr.] 
 
 1. A curb is an iron chain, made fast to 
 the upper part of the branches of the 
 bridle, in a hole called the eye, and run- 
 ning over the beard of the horse. 
 
 Farriers Diet. 
 
 The ox hath his how, the horse his curb, and the 
 faulcon his bells ; so man hath his desires. 
 
 Sfitdicsp. As you like it. 
 
 So four fierce coursers, starting (u the race, 
 
 Scour through the plain, and lengthen ev'ry pace ; 
 
 Nor reins, nor curbs, nor thieat'^iing cries tlicy 
 
 fear. Dryden. 
 
 2. Restraint; inhibition; opposition ; hin- 
 drance. 
 
 The Roman state, whose course will r.ii 
 The way it takes, criickiiif^ ten thousand curbs 
 Of more strong links asmidrr, tlian can ever 
 Appear in your impediment. Skak. Coriolanus. 
 
 We remain 
 In strictest bondage, though thus far remov'd. 
 Under th' inevitable curb, rcserv'd 
 His captive multitude. Milians Par. Lost. 
 
 By these men, religion, thai should be 
 The curb, is made the spur to tyranny. 
 
 Dc7iham's Sc^hy. 
 
 CUR 
 
 Even tlicy, wli" think us under no Milicr lie to 
 the true iutfri'st (jf our couiilr^ , will iihciw Ihis to 
 be an ell'ccUKil curb upon us. AtttrbuTi^. 
 
 3. A curb is a haid and callous tumour, 
 which runs along the inside of a horse's 
 hoof; that is, on that part of the hoof 
 that is opposite to the leg of tlie lame 
 side. Far. Diet. 
 
 To Curb. v. a. [from the noim.] 
 
 1 . To guide or restrain a horse with a curb. 
 Part witld their arms, part curb the ftiuniing 
 
 atecii. _ _ _ Miltm. 
 
 2. To restrain; to inhibit; to check; to 
 confine ; to hold back. 
 
 Were not tlic laws jilantcd amongst tlieni at tlie 
 first, and had tlicy not governors to curb and keep 
 them still ill awe and ohedieiice. Spenser on Irel. 
 
 Then thou, the mother uf so s^veet a child. 
 Her false imagin'd loss cease to lament, 
 And wisely learn to curb thy sorrows wild. Milt. 
 If sense and learning are such unsociahle impe- 
 rious things, he ouglit to kee[i down the growth 
 of his reason, and curb his intellectuals. 
 
 Collier on Pride. 
 Knowing when a muse should he indulged 
 In her full liight, and when she should be curbed. 
 
 lioscommon. 
 At thi.s she curb'd a groan, that else had come ; 
 And, pausing, view'd the present in (he lonib. 
 
 Drydens Fubiei. 
 Till force returns, his ardour we restrain. 
 Alldcurb his warlike wish to crosthe main. Dryd. 
 
 Some jioor cottage on the mountain's brow. 
 Where pinching want must ear^tfiy warm desires. 
 And household cares suppress thy genial fires. 
 
 Frior. 
 Nature to all things fix'd the limits fit. 
 And wisely citr/)'J proud man's pretending wit. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Sometimes with frcm. 
 
 Vet you are curb'd from that enlargement by 
 The consequence of ihe crown. Slmkesp. Cymb. 
 
 4. in the following passage it signifies, I 
 think, as in French, to bend. 
 
 Though the course of the sun be curbed between 
 the tropics, yet are not those parts directly sub- 
 ject. to his perpendicular beams unhabitable or 
 extremely hot. Hay. 
 
 CURD. n. s. [See Crudle.] The co- 
 agidation of milk ; the concretion of the 
 thicker parts of any liquor. 
 
 JMilk of itself is sucli a cimipound of cream, 
 curds, and wl»ey, as it is easily turned and dis- 
 solved. Bacon. 
 
 This iiight, at least, with me forget your care; 
 Chesnuls, and curds and cream, shall be your 
 fare. Drtiden. 
 
 IjCt Sporus tremble. — IVhat! that thing of silk.' 
 Spitrus, that mere white curd of ass's milk ? Pope. 
 
 To Curd. v. a. [from the noun.] To turn 
 to curds ; to cause to coagulate. 
 
 i\Iaiden, d(tes it curd thy blood, 
 To say I ain thy mother? 
 
 bhida-sp. AWs uell that ends weli. 
 To Cur'dle. J'. 71. [from curd.] To co- 
 agulate ; to shoot together ; to concrete. 
 
 Powder of mint, and powder of red roses, keep 
 the milk somewhat from turning or cur^f/in^ in the 
 stomach. Bacon. 
 
 Some to the bouse. 
 The fold, and dairy, iuiugry bend their flight. 
 Sip round the pail) or taste'the curdling cheese, 
 
 Thomso7i's Summer. 
 To Curdle, v. a. To cause to coagu- 
 late ; to force into concretions. 
 
 Jiis changed pov^ers at first themselves not felt. 
 
 Till curdled cold his courage 'trnn t' assail. Spenser. 
 
 Mi.\ed with the sixth part of a spmmfiil of milk, 
 
 it burnt to the space of one hundred pulses, and 
 
 the milk was curdled. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 My soul is all the same, 
 Unmov'd with fear, and mov'd with martial fame ; 
 But my cliili blood is curdled in my veins. 
 And scarce tlie shadow of a man remains. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 454 
 
 I
 
 CUR 
 
 Ev'n now a fatal draught works out my soul ; 
 Ev'ii now it ciir(;/<siu mv sliriuk'uK veins 
 The lazv blooil, anil freezes at iny heart. Smith. 
 
 Tliere is in the s|.irit of wine sonic acidity, by 
 which brandy curdles milk. Floycr. 
 
 Cu'RDY. adj. [from cwd.] Coajrulated ; 
 concreted; full of curds; curdled. 
 
 Ii differs from a vegetable emulsiou, by coagu- 
 lating into a curdy mass with acids. 
 
 Arbutlinot m Aliments. 
 
 CURE. n. s. [eurii, Lat.] 
 
 1. Remedy ; restorative. 
 
 This Icaeuc that we have made 
 Will give her Sidneys very little cure; 
 Brother of Kngland how may we content 
 This widow lady '. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Gold, huuuer, prisons, ills without a cure. 
 All these he must, and guiltless oft, endure. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 Now we're ador'd, and the next hour displease ; 
 At first your cure, and after your disease. Grunt. 
 
 Horace advises the Romans to seek a seat ni 
 some remote part, by way of a cure for the cor- 
 ruption of manners. Sicijt. 
 
 2. Act of healing. 
 
 I do cures to-day and to-morrow. LufiCxiii.S' 
 
 3. The benefice or employment of a curate 
 or clergyman. 
 
 If his cure lies among the lawyers, let nothing 
 be said against cniangling property, spinning out 
 causes, squeezing clients, and making the laws a 
 greater grievance than those who break them. 
 ^ ^ Collier. 
 
 To Cure. v. a. [euro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To heal ; to restore to health; to re- 
 medy ; to recover : with of before the 
 disease. Used of patients or diseases. 
 
 The bones, in sharp colds, wax brittle; and 
 therefore all contusions of bones, in hard weather, 
 are more difficult to cure. JBacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Here tlie poor lover, that has long endur'd 
 Some proud nymph's scorn, of his fond passion's 
 ciir'((. _ _ Waller. 
 
 I never knew any man cured (t/" inattention. 
 
 Swift. 
 Hear what from love unpractis'd hearts endure, 
 from love, the sole disease thou canst not cure. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To prepare in any manner, so as to be 
 preserved from corruption. 
 
 The beef w(mld be so ill chosen, or so ill cured, 
 as to stink many times before it came so far as 
 Holland. Temple. 
 
 Cu'reless. adj. [ciii-e and less.] Without 
 cure ; without remedy. 
 
 Bootless are plaints, and cureless are my wounds ; 
 No way to fly, nor strength to hold out" flight. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 Repair tliy wit, good youth, or it will fail 
 To cHre/fSs riiin. Shakesp Merchant of Ve^iice. 
 
 If, said he. 
 Your grief alone is hard captivity. 
 For love <»f hcav'ii, with patience undergo 
 A cureless ill, since fate will have it so. JJryd. Fab, 
 
 Cu'rer. n. s. [from cure.] A healer; a 
 physician. 
 
 He is a curer of souls, and you a curer of bodies : 
 if you should fight, you go against the hair of 
 yonr professions. Shahe^p. 
 
 The inde.Kterity and worst success of the most 
 
 famous of our consumption carers, do evidently 
 
 demonstrate their dimness in beholding its causes. 
 
 Harveuon Consumptians. 
 
 Cu'rfew. n.s. [couvre/eu, h'r.] 
 1. An evening-peal, by which the Con- 
 queror willed that every man should 
 ralve up his fire, and put out his light ; 
 so that in places, at this day, where a 
 bell is customarily run towards bed- 
 time, it is said to ring curfeti'. Cowcll. 
 
 \()U, wlio.e [lastiuie 
 Is to make midnight mushrooms, that rejoice 
 To heat llie soleinn cu)fcui. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 C U R 
 
 Oft on a plat of ri*.inp frrmirid 
 I heiir the f;ir <itf curjnv suuiid, 
 Over some \vide-\v;itcr'fl .simre. 
 Swinging slow witli sulien ro;tr. Milton. 
 
 2. A cover for a fire; a fireplate. 
 
 But now for pans, pots, curfews, counters, and 
 tliu like, the beauty will not be so much respc-cted, 
 so as llie compound stulV ii like to pass. Bacon. 
 
 Curia'lity. n.s. [from curia/is, I^t.] 
 Tlie privileges, prerogatives, or perhaps 
 retinue, of a court. 
 
 The court and curinlity. Bacon to Villiers. 
 
 CURIO'SITY. w. s. [i\'om curious.] 
 
 1. Inquisitivcncss; inclination to enquiry. 
 
 2. Nicety; delicacy. 
 
 When tliou wast in thy guilt, and thy perfume, 
 they mocked thee for ti'o much cur'wsitu; in ihy 
 rags thou knowest none, but art despised for the 
 contrary. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 3. Accuracy ; exactness. 
 
 Qualities are so weighed, that curiosity in nei 
 ther can ma\e choice of eitlier's moieiy. 
 
 Shalt. King Lear 
 
 Our senses, however armed or assisted, -are too 
 gross to discern the curiosity of the workmanship 
 of nature. i^ay. 
 
 4. An act of curiosity ; nice experiment. 
 
 There hath been practised also a curiosity, to set 
 a tree upon the north side of a wall, and at a little 
 height, to draw it through the wall, and spread 
 it upon the south side; conceiving that the root 
 and lower part of the stock should enjoy the 
 freshness of the shade, and the upper bouglis and 
 fruit, the comfort of the sun ; but it sorted not. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 5. An object of curiosity ; rarity. 
 
 We took a ramble together to see the curiosities 
 of this great town. Addisons Freeholder. 
 
 CUTvIOUS. adj. [curiosus, Lat.] 
 
 1, Inquisitive; desirous of information; 
 addicted to enquiry. 
 
 Be not curious in unnecessary matters ; for more 
 things are shewn unto thee than men understand. 
 
 Ecclus. iii. To. 
 Even then to them the spirit of lyes suggests 
 That they were blind, because they saw not ill ; 
 
 And b'reath'd into their uncorrupted breasts 
 A curious wish, which did corrupt their will. 
 
 Davies. 
 If any one too curious should enquire 
 After a victory which we disdain 
 
 Then let hi'm know the Belgians did retire 
 Before the patron saint of injur'd Spain. Dryden. 
 Reader if any curious stay 
 To ask my hated name. 
 Tell them, the grave that hides my clay 
 
 Conceals me from my shame. Wesky. 
 
 2. Attentive to; diligent about: some- 
 times with after. 
 
 It is pity a gentleman so very curious after things 
 that were elegant and beautiiul, should not have 
 been as curioVs as to their origin, their u^es, and 
 their natural history. Wot^dward. 
 
 i3. Sometimes with of. 
 
 Then thus a senior of the place replies, 
 Well read, and cuWdt/s o/' antiquities. Dryd. Fab. 
 
 4. Accurate; careful not to mistake. 
 
 Till Arianism had made it a matter of great 
 siiarpnessandsubtlcty of wit to be a sound bf-licv- 
 ing Christian, men were not cunoits what sylla- 
 bles or particles of speech they used. Hooker. 
 
 5, Difficult to please; solicitous of perfec- 
 tion ; not neijligent; full of care. 
 
 A temperate person is not c«nm« of fancies and 
 deliciousness ; he thinks not much and s|>e.iks 
 not often, of meat and drink. Taylor. 
 
 (j. Exact; nice; subtle. 
 
 Botli these senses embrace their ohjecls at 
 creater distance, with more variety, and with a 
 rnoie curious discrimination, thau the oilier sense. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 CUR 
 
 7. Artful ; not neglectful ; not fortuitous. 
 
 A vaile obscur'd the sunshine of lier c^es, 
 The rose within herself her sweetness clui'd ; 
 
 £ach ornament about her seemly lies, 
 By curious chance, or cureless art, ctJiiipus'd. 
 
 Fairfaj, 
 
 8. Elegant; neat; laboured; finished. 
 
 Understanding to devise curious works to work 
 in gold. Kxodus. 
 
 9. Jligid ; severe ; rigorous. 
 
 ¥\iT curious I cannot be with you, 
 Signior Baptista, of whom I hear so well, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Cu'riously. adv. [from ntrious.] 
 
 1. Inquisitively ; attentively ; studiously. 
 
 He looked very curiously upon liimself, some- 
 times fetcliiiig a little skip, as if he said his 
 strength had not yet forsaken hiiu. Sidney. 
 
 At first I thought there had been no liglit re- 
 flected from the water in that place; but ubserv- 
 ing it more cnriouslii, 1 saw within it several smaller 
 round spots, which appeared xmch blacker and 
 darker than the rest. Neutons Oplicks. 
 
 2. Elegantly; neatly. 
 
 Nor is it the having of wheels and springs, tho' 
 never so curiously wrought, and artiticially set, 
 but the winding of them up, Uiat must give mo- 
 tion to the watch. South 
 
 3. Artfully ; exactly. 
 
 4. Captiously. 
 
 Curl. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 I. A ringlet of hair. 
 
 She apparelled herself like a page, cutting off 
 iier hair, leaving nothing but tue short curls to 
 cover that noble head. Sidney, 
 
 Just as in act lie stood, in clouds enshrin'd. 
 Her hand she fasten'd on his hair behind. 
 Then backward by his yellow curls she drew; 
 To him, and liira alone, confess'd in view. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 2. Undulation; wave; sinuosity ; flexure. 
 
 Thus it happens, if the glass of the prisms be 
 free from veins, and their sicles be accurately plain 
 and well polished, without those numberless 
 waves or cur/5, which usually arise from the sand 
 holes. Keuton's Opticks. 
 
 To CURL. I'.fl. [krollen, Dut. c>7inan. 
 Sax. krille, Dan.] 
 
 1. To turn tlie hair in ringlets. 
 
 What hast thou been ?— 
 
 —A serving man, proud in heart and mind, 
 
 that curled my hair, wore gloves in my cap, 
 
 served the lust of my mistress's heart, and did the 
 
 act of darkness with her. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 2. To writhe ; to twist. 
 
 3. To dress with curls. 
 
 If slie first meet the curled Antony, 
 He'll make demand of her a kiss. Shakesp. 
 
 They, up the trees 
 Climbine, sat thicker than the snaky Iock3 
 That cjdTj Mega-ra. Milton s Par. Lest. 
 
 4. To raise in waves, undidations, or sinu- 
 osities. 
 
 The visitation of the winds. 
 Who take the ruffian billows by the top. 
 Curling their monstrous heads. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry TV. 
 Seas would be pools, without the brushing air 
 To curl llie waves. Drydens Fabl^. 
 
 To Curl. r. n. 
 
 1. To shrink into ringlets. 
 
 Those slender aerial bodies are separated ana 
 stretclied out, >vhich otherwise, by reason of their 
 tiexibleness and weiiiht, would flag or cur/. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 2. To rise in undulations. 
 
 Tt) every ntdtjer passion of the town 
 The curling billows rowl their restless tide ; 
 
 In parties now they straggle up and down, 
 As armies, unojipos 'd, fur prey divide. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4o5
 
 CUR 
 
 ■While curling smonks froiu village tops are seen. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 3. To twist itself. 
 
 TIr'11 nniml her sleuder waist lie mrl'd, 
 And staiii|i'd an image of liiniself, a sov'reipi of 
 tlic wurlJ. Dryden'i Fables. 
 
 Cu'rlew. U.S. [courlku, Fr. arquata, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. A kind of water-fowl, with a large beak, 
 of a grey colour, with red and black 
 
 spots. 
 
 Ainuiig birds we reckon creyscrs, curlews, and 
 puffins. Carew. 
 
 2. A bird larger than a partridge, with 
 lonijer legs. It runs very swiftly, and 
 frequents the corn-fields in Spain, in 
 Sicily, and sometimes in France. 
 
 Trevoux. 
 
 CURMUDGEON, n.s. [It is a vitious 
 manner of pronouncing ca'iir mechant, 
 Fr. an unknown correspondent.] An 
 avaricious chur!i,s!i fellow; a miser; a 
 niggard ; a churl ; a grij)cr. 
 
 And wiien lie iias it in his claws. 
 He'll not be hide-bunnd to tlie cause ; 
 Nor shalt thon find liim a cnrmudsenn. 
 If thou dispatch it w iilioiit grudging. Hudibras. 
 
 A man's way of living is commended, because 
 lie will give any rate for it; and a man will give 
 anv rate ratherthan pass for a poor wretch, or a 
 peimrious curmudgeon. Locke. 
 
 Curmu'dgeonL"V. adj. [from curmud- 
 geon .] Avaricious ; covetous ; churlish ; 
 niggardly. 
 
 In a country where he that killed a hog invited 
 the neighbour'liood, a curmudgeonlii ieWov/ advised 
 with his companions how he might save the 
 charge. L'Estrange. 
 
 Cu'rrant. w. s. [ribes, Lat.] 
 
 1. The tree hath no prickles; the leaves 
 are large : the flower consists of five 
 leaves, placed in form of a rose : the 
 ovary, which arises from the centre of 
 the flowercup, becomes a globular fruit, 
 produced in bunches. 
 
 2. A small dried grape : pro])erly written 
 Corinth. 
 
 I'liey butter'd currants on fat veal bestow'd. 
 And rumps of beef with virgin luiiie^' stew'd; 
 Insipid taste, oWi friend, to them who Paris know, 
 Where rocorabole, shallot, and the rank garlick 
 grow, ^if^g. 
 
 Cu'rrency. n. s. [from current.] 
 1 . Circulation ; power of passing from 
 hand to hand. 
 
 The currencii of those half-pence would, in the 
 universal opinion of our people, be utterly de- 
 structive to this kingdom. Swift. 
 
 •2. General reception : as, the report had a 
 
 long curre7icu. 
 
 3. Fluency ; readiness of utterance; easiness 
 of pronunciation. 
 
 4. Continuance ; constant flow ; uninter- 
 rupted course. 
 
 'I'he cnrrtncii of time to establish a custom, 
 ought to be with a rontinHoJu/o from the beguiling 
 to the end of the term jirescribed. Ai'l'{f'e'sPurerg. 
 
 5. General esteem ; the rate at which any 
 thing is vulgarly valued. 
 
 He that thinketh Spain to be some great over- 
 match for this estate, assisted as it is, and may be, 
 re no good mintuian, but takes greatness of king- 
 doms according to their bulk and currency, and 
 after iutrinsick value. Tiacan. 
 
 CUR 
 
 6. The papers stamped in the English co- 
 lonies by authority, and passing for 
 money. 
 
 CU RRENT. adj. [currens, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Circulatory ; passine; from hand to hand. 
 
 Shekels of silvtT, riirre;i£ iiiuney witli the imT- 
 cluiit. Gen. 
 
 'Ihiit there was current money in A.bratiam's 
 time, is past duuht, tlioui^h it is not sure tliat it 
 was stanipl; for he is said to be rich in cattle, in 
 silver, ami in g"ltl. Arhnthiiot. 
 
 2. Generally received ; uncontradicted ; 
 authorative. 
 
 Many strange Inuits arc received (or airrent. Sid 
 Because such as openly reprove supposed dis- 
 orders of state are t;iken for principal friends to 
 the coniniou benefit uf all, under this fair and 
 plausible colour, whatsoever they utter passeth 
 for good and current. Hooker. 
 
 1 have cullected the facts, with all possible im- 
 partiality, from the Ciirrtnl histories of those times. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 3. Common; general. 
 
 They have been trained up from their infancy 
 in one set of notions, without ever hearing or 
 knowing what other oj)inion5 are current amono 
 mankind. Watts. 
 
 About three months ago we had a. cnrreiit re- 
 port of the kino; of France's death. Add'tiO'ii. 
 
 4. Popular ; such as is estublished by vul- 
 gar estimation. 
 
 VVe are also tp consider the ditTerence between 
 worth an merit, strictly taken : that is a man's iu- 
 trinsick, this his cnn-enf, Talue; which is less or 
 more, as men have occasion for him. GrmosCosni. 
 
 5. Fashionable ; popular. 
 
 Oft leaving what is natural and fit. 
 The current kjlly proves our ready wit; 
 And authors think their reputation safe, 
 Which lives as long as fools are plcas'd to laugh. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 0. Passable ; such as may be allowed or 
 admitted. 
 
 Fouler than heart can think thee, thnu canst 
 make 
 No excuse current, but toliang thyself. 
 
 Shake.^p.Rich,m. 
 
 7. What is now passing ; what is at present 
 in its course ; as the current 7/ear. 
 
 Current, m. 5. 
 
 1. A running stream. 
 
 The current, tliat with gentle murmur glides, 
 Thou know'st, being stopp'd, impatiently doth 
 
 rage 
 Butwhenhiscoursc is not hindred , 
 He makes sweet musickwith th' enamcll'd stones. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 These inequalities wilLvanish in one place, and 
 presently appear in another, and seem perfectly 
 to move like waves succeeding and destroying 
 one another; save that their motion ofieulimes 
 seems to be quickest, as if in that vast sea they 
 were carried on by acurrent, or at least by a tide. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Heav'n her Eridanus no more shall boast, 
 Whose fame in thine, like lesser current, 's lost ; 
 Thy nobler streams shall visit Jove's, abodes, 
 To shine anmng the stars, and bailie the gods. Den. 
 
 Not fabled Po more swells the poet's lays. 
 While through the sky his shining current strays. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. [In navigation.] Cw^rents are certain 
 progressive motions of the water of the 
 sea in several places, either quite down to? 
 the bottom, or to a certain determinate 
 depth ; by which a ship may happen to 
 be carried more swiftly, or retarded in 
 her course, according to the direction of 
 the current, with or against the way of 
 the ship. Harris. 
 
 3. Course; progression. 
 
 CUR 
 
 The castle of Cadmus was taken, and Tl)ebe5 
 invested by Phebidas the Laccedcintmian insidi- 
 ously ; which drew on a rcsurpri-ce of ti)G castle, 
 a recover^' of the town, and a current of the wur, 
 even into the walls of Sparta. Bacon. 
 
 Cu'rrently. adv. [from current.} 
 
 1 . In a constant motion. 
 
 2. Without opposition. 
 
 The very cause which maketh the simple -and 
 ^norant to think they even see how the word of 
 God runneth cunrntly on your side, is, that tJieir 
 minds are forestalled, and tlielr conceits perverted 
 beforehand. Uooktr, Preface. 
 
 3. Popularly; fashionably; generally. 
 
 4. Without ceasing. 
 Cd'rrentness. n.s, [£rom current,] 
 
 1. Circulation. 
 
 2. General receptioji. 
 
 3. Easiness of pronunciation. 
 
 When subslantialness C(»mhineth with delight- 
 fulness, and curjT7i(nfss with !?tayedness, liow can 
 the language sound other than inosl full of sweet- 
 ness? Cumden's Remains. 
 
 Cu'KRiER. n.s. [co7^iarhiSj Lat.] One 
 who dresses and pares leatlier for those 
 who make shoes, or other things. 
 
 A currier bought a bear-skin of a huntsman, 
 and laid him dnwn ready money for it. JJEstr. 
 
 Warn'd by frequent ills, the way they found 
 To liidge their loathsome carrion under ground ; 
 For useless to the currkr were their hi<!cs. 
 Nor could their tainted tlesh with ocean tides 
 Be freed from filth. Drijdcn's Virgil. 
 
 Cu'rrish. adj. [from c«r.] Having \he 
 qualities of a degenerate dog ; brutal ; 
 sour ; quarrelsome ; malignant ; churlish ; 
 uncivil ; unattractable ; itnpraclicable. 
 
 Sweet s[)eakingoftaci(ms/i heart reclaims. Sid, 
 
 No care of justice, nor no rule of reason. 
 Did henceforth ever enter in his mind, 
 B"ut cruelty, the sign of currish kind. Huhb. Tale. 
 
 In fashions wayward, and in h)ve unkind ; 
 For Cu [lid deigns not wound ncuirish mind. Fairf. 
 
 I would she were in heaven, so she could 
 Entreat some pow'r to change this cun-iih Jew. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 She says your dog was a cur; and tells ytm, 
 currish thanks is good enough for such a present. 
 
 Shakeup* 
 
 To CURRY. V, a. [corzw/n leather, Lat.] 
 
 1. To dress leather, by beating and rub- 
 bing it, 
 
 2. To beat ; to drub ; to thresh ; to chas- 
 tise. 
 
 A deep design In't to divide 
 The well-afi'ected that c<mfide ; 
 B^^ setting brother against brother. 
 To claw and c«m/ one another. Hudibras. 
 T may expect her to take care of her fatnily, and 
 curry her hide in case of refusal. Addi^^oni .Sj'fc. 
 
 3. To rub a horse with a scratching instru- 
 ment, so as to smooth his coat, and pro- 
 mote his flesh. 
 
 Frictions make the parts more flesliy and full ; 
 as we see both in men, and in the currying of 
 horses : the cause is, for that they draw a ^eati^r 
 quantity of spirits and blood to tlie parts. Bacon. 
 
 4. To scratch in kindness; to rub down 
 with flattery ; to tickle. 
 
 If I had a suit to master Shallow, I would hu- 
 mour iiis men ; if to his men, I would cim-y with 
 master Shallow. Sftakesp. 
 
 5. To tnrry Favour. To become a fa- 
 vourite by petty officiousness, slight 
 kindnesses, or flattery. 
 
 He judged them still over-abjectly to faw« 
 upon the he^hens, and to curry favour with in- 
 fidels. Booker. 
 This humour succeeded so with the puppy, that 
 an ass would go tjie same way to work to cnnp 
 favour ioi himsetf, VEstrungk 
 
 4&9
 
 CUR 
 
 Cu'RRYCOMb. 71. s, [from curn/ and 
 comb.] An iron instrument used for 
 currying or cleaning horses. 
 
 He has a clearer idea from a little print than 
 from a long definition ; and so he would have of 
 ttrigU And siMriim, U instead of a curTifC07iii> and 
 cviubal, heciiu'd see stamped in the margin small 
 pictures of these instruments. Locke. 
 
 To CURSE, v.a. [cuppan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To wish evil to; to execrate; to devote. 
 
 Curse rac this people, for tlic^ are too niighl3' 
 
 for me. ^nmbera. 
 
 After Solymnn had looked upon tlie dead body, 
 
 and bitterly cursed the same, he caused a r;reat 
 
 weight to Ije tied unto it, and so cast iuto ilie sea, 
 
 Knollts. 
 What, yet again ! the third time hast tlmu 
 curst mc : 
 This imprecation was for Laius' death, 
 And thou hast wishtjd me like Iiini. Dry. and Lee. 
 2* To mischief; to afflict; to torment. 
 
 On impious realms and harh'rous kincs Impose 
 The plagues, and curse 'em with sucfi sons as 
 iliose. Pop 
 
 To Curse, v. n. To imprecate; to deny 
 or affirm with imprecation of divine ven- 
 geance. 
 
 Th^- silveraboutwhich thoucwrser/rf, and speak 
 est of also in ray ears, behold the silver is wiih 
 me. -^ud. xvi. 2. 
 
 Curse, m. *. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Malediction; wish of evil to another. 
 
 Neither have I sutlercd my mouth to sin, by 
 ■wishing a cnne to his soul. Job. 
 
 I never went from your lordship, but with u 
 longing to return, or \\ ithout a hearty cur&e to liim 
 V* ho invented ceremonies, and put me on the ne- 
 cessity of withdrawing. Drydeu. 
 
 2. Affliction ; torment; vexation. 
 
 Curse on the stripling ! how he apes his sire ! 
 Ambitiously sententious. Addison s Cato. 
 
 Ci/rsed. participial adj, [from curse.'] 
 
 1. Deserving a curse; hateful; detestable; 
 abominable; wicked. 
 
 Merciful pow'rs! 
 Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature 
 Gives way to in repose. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 2. Unholy ; unsanctified : blasted by a 
 curse. 
 
 Come, lady, while heav'n lends us grace. 
 Let us fly this cursed place. 
 Lest the sorcerer us entice 
 With some other new device. 
 Not a waste or needless sound. 
 Till v.e come to holier i.round. IMilton. 
 
 3. Vexatious; troublesome. 
 
 This cursed (piarrel be no more renewed ; 
 Be, hs becomes a wife, obedient still. 
 Though griev'd, yet subject to her husband's 
 win. Drydeu. 
 
 One day, 1 think, in Paradise he liv'd ; 
 Destin'd the next his journey to pursue, 
 "Where wounding thorns -dnd cursed thistles crew. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Cu'rsebly. adv. [from cursed.] Misera- 
 bly ; shamefully ; a low cant word. 
 
 Satisfaction and restitution lies so cursedlij hard 
 on the gizzards of our publicans. VEsirange. 
 
 Sure this is a nation tliat is cursedly afraid of 
 being over-run with too much politeness, and cai 
 Hot regain one great genius but at the expence of 
 ajiother. Pope. 
 
 CuRSEDNESS. n. s, [^rom cursed,] The 
 state of being under a cur.se. 
 
 Cu^RSHip. n. s, [from cw.] Dogship ; 
 meanness; scoundrelship. 
 
 Huw durst he, I say, oppose thv curship, 
 'Gainst arms, authority, and worsliii> ? nudVjras. 
 
 CURSITOR. n. s. [Lat.] An officer or 
 elerk belonging to the Chancery, that 
 makes out original writs. They are 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 CUR 
 
 called clerks of course, in the oath of 
 the clerks of Chancery. Of these there 
 are twenty-four in number, which have 
 certain shires allotted to each of them, 
 into which they make out such original 
 writs as are required. They are a cor- 
 jioration among themselves. Cowell. 
 Then is the recoiinitioii anri value, signed with 
 tlic haiidwritine of that justice, carricii by the 
 cumtnr ill Chancery for tliat sliire where those 
 lands do lie, and b_v him is a writ of covenant 
 thereupon drawn, and ingrossed in parclnnent. 
 
 Baam. 
 
 Cu'rsorary. adj. [from cursus, Lat.] 
 Cursory ; hasty ; careless. A word, I 
 believe, only found in the following line. 
 
 1 have but witii a cursm-ary eje 
 O'erglanc'd the articles. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 Cl''rsorily. adv. [from cursorj/.] Has- 
 tily ; without care ; without solicitous 
 attention. 
 
 This power, and no other, Luther disowns, as 
 any (jne that views the place but cursmihi must 
 needs see. Attei'biirv- 
 
 Ci'rsorikess. n.s. [from cursory.'] 
 
 .Slight attention. 
 CU ItSORY. adj. [from cursorms, Lat.] 
 
 Hasty ; quick ; inattentive ; careless. 
 
 The first, upon a cursory and superficial view, 
 appeared like tlie liead of anotlier man. Addison. 
 
 CuR.ST. adj. Froward ; peevish ; malig- 
 nant ; miscliievous ; malicious ; snarl- 
 ing. 
 
 ]\Ir. Mason, after his manner, was very merry 
 
 witli both parties ;j-)leasantiy playing both with 
 
 the shrewd touches of many curst boys, and with 
 
 the small discretion of many lewd sclioolniasters 
 
 Aschains Schuottn^Mcr. 
 
 Curst cows have short horns. Proirrbs. 
 
 I pray you, though vou mock me. gentlemen. 
 Let her not hurt me : 1 was never curst; 
 I have no ^ift at all in shrewishness ; 
 I am a right maid, for my cowardice ; 
 Let her not strike me. Shakesp. Mids. Night's Dr. 
 
 I'll go see if the bear be gone from the gentle- 
 man, and huw much he hath eateu : they are ne- 
 ver curst but when they ace hungry. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 
 Her only fault, and that is fault enough. 
 Is, that slie is intolerably curst. 
 And shrewd and forward, so beyond all measure. 
 That, were my state far worser than it is, 
 I wouh.l not wed her for a mine of gold. Shakesp. 
 
 "When I dissTiaded him from his mtent, 
 And found him pight to do it with curst speech 
 I threaten'd to discover him. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 And though his mind 
 Be ne'er so curst, his tongue is kiiid. Crashaw. 
 
 Cv'rstness. U.S. [from c«?-s/.] Peevish- 
 ness ; frowardness ; malignity. 
 
 'I'hen, noble partners. 
 Touch vou the sourest points with sweetest terms. 
 Nor citrst7tess grow to t.'ie matter. 
 
 Shakesp. .intonu and Cleopatra. 
 Her mouth she writli'd, Iter forehead taught to 
 frown, 
 Her eves t«) sparkle fires to love tmknown ; 
 Her sall<jw cheeks hercTivitnis mind did shew, 
 And ev'rv feature spoke aloud the curstness of a 
 shrew. Druden. 
 
 Curt. adj. [from curtus, Lat.] Short. 
 
 To CUTIT.AIL. t'. a. \yurto, Lat.] It was 
 anciently written ciirlal, wliich perhaps 
 is more proper ; but dogs that had tiieir 
 tail.5 cut being called ciirtal dogs, tiie 
 word was vulgarly conceived to mean 
 originally to cut the tail, and was in 
 time Avritten according to that notion.] 
 
 I. To cat off; to cut short; to shorten. 
 
 CUR 
 
 I, that am cwrtoiiV of all fair proportion, 
 Derirni'iJ, uuiini.'ih'd, sent before my time 
 Into thib breathing world. Sha^ie.Kp. HichaTd.XW. 
 
 '\ hen why should we our«elves abridge. 
 Add curtail our own privilege ? Hudihrtu. 
 
 Scribblers send us over their trash iii prose and 
 verse, with aboiuinablc curtailing and quaint mo- 
 dernisms. Striji. 
 
 This general employ, and expence of their 
 time, would as assuredly curtadawi rclreitch the 
 ordinary means of know'ledL'e and erud.lion, as il 
 would shorten theupportuuilies of vice. 
 
 ir<Wicar(i. 
 
 Perhaps this humour of speaking no more thai* 
 we must, has so miserably riir(ai7f J soiite of oar 
 words; and, in familiar uritingi and c<inversa- 
 lions, they often lose all hut their first rvllables. 
 
 Addison i Spectator, 
 2. It has 0/ before the thing cut off. 
 
 The count assured tlie court, that Fact his anta- 
 gonist, had taken a wron" name, having cttrt liUd 
 It of three letters ; for that his name was not Fact, 
 hut Faction. Addison, 
 
 Curtail Dog, n.s. A (\o^ lawed^ or 
 
 mutilated accordincr to the forest laws, 
 whose tail is cut off, and who is there- 
 fore hindered in coursinir. Perhaps this 
 word may be the original of cur. 
 
 1, am:tzed, ran from her as a witch: and I 
 think if my breast had not been made of faith, 
 and my heart of steel, she had transformed me to 
 a curtail dog, and made me turn i' th' wliecl. 
 
 Shakes]). Corned u of KjTours 
 
 CU'RT.AIX. n.s. [foWiV/o, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A cloth contracted or e.xpanded at plea- 
 sure, to admit or exclude the light ; to 
 conceal or discover any thing ; to sliade 
 a bed; to darken a room. 
 
 Their curtains ought to be kept open, so as to 
 renew the air. Arbnthnoton Diet. 
 
 Sol throuuh white curtains shot a tim'rous ray. 
 And op'd those eyes that must eclipse the dav. 
 
 Pnpe. 
 
 Thy hand, great Diilness ! lets the curtain fall. 
 And universal darkness buries all. Pope. 
 
 2. To draw the Curtain. To close it, so 
 as to shut out the light, or conceal the 
 object. 
 
 1 must draw a curtain before the work for a 
 
 while, and keep your patience a little in suspense. 
 
 hurneCs Iheorij. 
 
 Once more I write to yoo, and this once will be 
 the last : the curtain will soon be drawn between 
 my friend and me, and nothing left but to wish 
 you a long good night. Pope. 
 
 3. To open it, so as to discern the object. 
 
 So soon as the all-cheering sun 
 Should in the farthest east begin to draw 
 The shady curtain from .Aurora's bed. 
 
 Shakesp. liffmeoandJuUet. 
 Let them sleep, let them sleep on. 
 Till this stormy night be gone. 
 And tir eternal morrow dawn ; 
 Then the curtain will be drawn. Crashaw. 
 
 4. [In fortification.] That part of the 
 wall or rampart that lies between two 
 bastions. Militari/ Diet. 
 
 I'lie governour, not discouraged, suddenly of 
 timber and boards raised up a curtain twelve foot 
 high, at the back of his soldiers. hiwlles. 
 
 Curtain-lecture, n. s. [from curtain 
 and lecture.] A. reproof giveft by a wife 
 to her husband in bed. 
 
 What endless braw Is by wives are bred ! 
 The cui(oiu-lcc(uie makes a mournful bed. 
 
 Drifdcn's JuvenaL 
 
 She ought to eicrt the authority of theciirtain- 
 
 Ucture, and, if she liuds him of a rebellious dispo- 
 
 siiion, to lame liira. .iddisim. 
 
 T« Curtain, v.a. [from the noun.] To 
 inclose or accommodate with curtains. 
 
 3N 
 
 457
 
 CUR 
 
 Now o'er cue half the world 
 Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse 
 The curtain'd sleep. Shak.Macbeth. 
 
 The waud'ring prince and Dido, 
 When nilli ii happy slorni Ihev were surpris'd, 
 And curtaiu'd with a couusel-keepini; cave. Shak. 
 
 But, ill lier temple's last recess inclos'd, 
 On Dulness' lap tli' auuiiilcd head repos'd : 
 Him chise she curtain'd roiipd with vapours blue, 
 Ami soft besi'irinkled williC imnieriaii dew. Pope. 
 CvRTATE Diitiinre. n.s. [In astronomy.] 
 The distance of a planet's place from the 
 sun, reduced to the ecliptick. 
 Curta'tion. n. s. [frou> c!;)7o, to short- 
 en, Lat.] Tlie interval between a pla- 
 net's distance front the sun and the cur- 
 
 Chambtrs. 
 
 See CiTFLASs. 
 
 tate distance. 
 Cu'nrEi.ASSE. 
 
 CURTELAX. 
 
 Cu'rtsy. See Courtesy. 
 Cu'rvated. adj. [cin-vatus, Lat.] Bent; 
 
 crooked. 
 Curva'tion. n.s. [curvo, Lat.] The act 
 
 of bending or crooking. 
 Cu'rvaturr. n.s. [from curve.] Crook- 
 edness ; inflexion ; manner of bending. 
 It is bent after the manner of the catenarian 
 curve, by which it obtains that curvature that is 
 safest fur the included marrow. 
 
 Cheiint's Phltosophical Principles. 
 Flaccid it was beyond the activity of the mus- 
 cle, and curvature o"f the ossicles, to give it a iluc 
 tension. Holder 
 
 Curve, adj. [curvu.s, Lat.] Crooked 
 bent ; inflected ; not straight. 
 
 Unless an intrinsick principle of gravity or at- 
 traction may make it describe a curve line about 
 the attracting body. Bentkif. 
 
 Curve, n.s. Anj' thing bent ; a flexure 
 or crookedness of any particular form. 
 
 And as you lead it round, in .-irtful curve, 
 ■\Vith eye intentive mark the springing game. 
 
 Tliomson. 
 
 7'o CURVE. II. fl. [ewrio, Lat.] To bend; 
 to crook ; to inflect. 
 And the tongue is drawn back and curved. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 To CURVET. V. n. [corvettare, Ital.] 
 
 1. To leap ; to bound. 
 Crv holla ! to thy tongue, I pr'ylhee,it curvet.^ 
 
 unseasonably. Shahesp.Asyoultked 
 
 Himself he on an earwig set, 
 ■V'et sc.trce he on his back could get. 
 So oft and high he did curvet, 
 Ere he himself could settle. Troyton. 
 
 Seiz'd with unwonted pain, surpris d with 
 fright, 
 The wounded steed curvets ; and, rais d upright. 
 Lights on his feet before ; his hoofs behind 
 Sprim' up in air aloft, and lash the wind. 
 ^ " ^ Drijden's/Eneid. 
 
 2. To frisk ; to be licentious. 
 Cukve't. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . A leap ; a bound. 
 
 2. A frolick ; a prank. 
 Curvili'neAR. adj. [ciirvus and linen, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Consisting of a crooked line. 
 
 The impulse continually draws the celestial 
 body from its rectilinear "motion, and forces it 
 into" a curvilinear orbit ; so that it must be re- 
 peated every minute of time. _ Chvtine. 
 
 2. Composed of crooked lines. 
 Cur'vity. n.s. [from c!«-iie.] Crooked- 
 ness. 
 
 The joined ends of that bone and the incus re- 
 ceding, make a more acute angle at that joint, 
 and give a greater curvitylo the^i'osture of t 
 ossicles. 
 
 Holder on Speech 
 
 c u s 
 
 CU'SHION. n. s. [ktissen, Dut. coussin, 
 Fr.] A pillow for the seat ; a soft pad 
 placed upon a chair. 
 
 Call Claudius, and some other of my men; 
 I'll have them sleep on cushions in my tent. 
 
 Sh.ilicsp. Julius Casar. 
 If you are learn'd, 
 Be not as common fools ; if you are not, 
 Let them have cushions by yon. Shak. Voriolanus. 
 
 But, ere they sat, orticious Bauci-, lays 
 Two cushions stulf'd with siraw, the seat to raise ; 
 Coarse, but the best she had. Druden's Fables. 
 
 An eastern king jiut a judue to death for an ini- 
 quitous sentence; and ordered his hide to be 
 stuft'ed into a cu.^hion, and placed upon the tribu- 
 nal, for the son to sit on. Swift. 
 
 Cu shioned. adj. [from cushion.] Seated 
 on a cushion ; supported by cushions. 
 
 l\Ianv, who are cushioned upon thrones, would 
 
 have remained in ohicimts. Dissertationon Parlies. 
 
 CLTSF. n.s. [cuspis, Lat.] A term used 
 
 to express the points or horns of the 
 
 moon, or other luminary. ILirris. 
 
 Cu'sPATED. 1 adj. [from cuspis, Lat.] 
 
 Cu'spid.4Ted. j a word expressing the 
 
 leaves of a flower ending in a point. 
 
 Quinci/ 
 Cu'sTARD. n.s. [f!r.5far«?, Welsh.] A 
 kind of sweetmeat made by boiling eggs 
 ■with milk and sugar till the whole 
 thickens into a mass. It is a food much 
 used in city feasts. 
 
 He cramm'd them, till their guts did .ike. 
 With cawdle, custard, and plumb cake. Hndibras. 
 Now niay'rs and shrieves all hush'd and satiate 
 lay ; 
 Yet eat, in dreams, the custard of the day. Pope. 
 
 Custody, n. s. [custodia, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Imprisonment ; restraint of liberty. 
 The council remonstranced unto queen Eliza- 
 beth, the conspiracies against her life, and there- 
 fore tliey advised her, that she should go less 
 abroad weakly attended ; but the queen answer- 
 ed, she had rather be dead thanin custody. Bacon. 
 
 For us enslav'd, is custody severe. 
 And stripes and arbitrary punishment 
 Inflicted. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 2. Care ; guardianship ; charge. 
 Under the custody and charge of the sons of 
 
 Merari, shall be the boards of the tabernacle. 
 
 R'^iiml). iii.36 
 
 We being strangers here, how dar'st thou trust 
 So great a cTiarge from thine own custody ? Shakesp. 
 
 An olVence it were, rashly to depart out of the 
 city committed to their custody. Knollcs. 
 
 'I'liere is generally but one coin stampt upon 
 the occasion'^ which "is made a present to the per- 
 son who is celebrated on it: by this means the 
 whole frame is in his own custody. Addison. 
 
 3. Defence ; preservation ; security. 
 
 There was prepared a fleet of thirty ships for 
 the custodu of the narrow seas. Bacon. 
 
 CU'STOM. n.s. [ crstume,Tr.] 
 
 1. Habit; habitual practice. 
 
 Blood and destruction shall be so in use, 
 That mothers shall but suiilc when ihey tiehold 
 Tlieir infants quarter'd by the hands of war ; 
 All pity choak'd with custom of fell deeds. 
 
 Shukesp. Jjdius Cersnr. 
 
 Custom, a greater power than nature, seldom 
 fails to makelhem worship. _ Locke. 
 
 2. Fashion ; common way of acting. 
 .•Ind the priest's custom with the people was, 
 
 that when any man oliVred sacrifice, the priest s 
 servant came, while the flesh was in seething, 
 with a flesh-hook of three teeth in his bands. 
 
 liam. 11. 
 
 •^. Established manner. 
 
 Aciording to the custom of the priest's office, 
 his lot was to burn iucense when he went into the 
 temple of the Lord. Luke.i. 
 
 4. Practice of buying of certain persons. 
 
 c u s 
 
 You say he is assiduous in his calling, and is he 
 not grow-n rich hy it? Let him have your C(/5((im, 
 hut not your votes. Addistm. 
 
 5. Application from buyers : as, this 
 trader has good custom. 
 
 6. [In law.] .\ law or right not written, 
 which, being established by long use, 
 and the consent of our ancestors, has 
 been, and is daily, practised. We can- 
 not say, that this or that is a custom, ex- 
 cept wc can justifj' that it hath continued 
 so one hundred years ; yet, because that 
 is hard to prove, it is enough for the 
 proof of a custom, if two or more can de- 
 pose that they heard thtir fathers say, 
 that it was a custom all their time ; and 
 that their fathers heard their lathers also 
 say, that it was likewise a custom in 
 their time. If it is to be proved, by 
 record, the continuance of a hundred 
 years will serve. Custom is eitlier ge- 
 neral or ])arllcular : general, that which 
 is current through England ; particular, 
 is that wliich belongs to this or that 
 county ; as gavelkind to Kent, or this 
 or that lordship, city, or town. Custom 
 differs from prescription; for C!/s/o;n is 
 common to more, and prescription is 
 particular to this or that man ; prescrip- 
 tion may be for a far shorter thiie than 
 custom. Coivell. 
 
 7. Tribute ; tax paid for goods imported 
 or exported. 
 
 The residue of these ordinary finances be ca- 
 sual or uncertain, as be the esclieats and forfei- 
 tures, the customs, hutlerage, and imposis. Bacon. 
 
 Those commodities may be dispersed, after 
 having paid the custotns in England. _ Temple, 
 
 Customs to steal is such a trivial thing. 
 That 'tis their charter to defraud their king.Dn/rf. 
 
 Slrabo tells you, that Britain bore heavy taxes, 
 especially the "custo.iis on the importation of the 
 Gallick trade. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Cu'sTOMHousE. n.s. The house where 
 the taxes upon goods imported or ex- 
 ported are collected. 
 
 Some riis(oni/ioi/se otlicers, birds of passage, and 
 ojipressive tlinliy squires, are the only thriving 
 people amongst us. Swijt. 
 
 Cu'STOMABL- . adj. [from custom.] Com- 
 mon ; habitual ; frequent. 
 
 Cu'sTOMABLEXESS. n. s. [from Customa- 
 ble.] 
 
 1. Frequency ; habit. 
 
 2. Conformity to custom. 
 Cu'sTOMABLY. adv. [ffom customable.] 
 
 According to custom. 
 
 Kingdoms have customablyhetn carried away 
 by right of succession, according to proximity of 
 b'h.od. Hayuard. 
 
 Cu'sTOMARILY. adv. [{rom cuslomari/.] 
 Habitually ; commonly. 
 
 To call God to witness truth, or a lye perhaps, 
 or to appeal to him on every trivial occasion, in 
 common discourse, customarily without considera- 
 tion, is one of the highest in.rigiilties and affronts 
 that can be offered liiui. Euu. 
 
 Cu'sTOMARlNESS n.s. [from customari/.] 
 Frequency ; commonness ; frequent oc- 
 currence. 
 
 A vice which for its guilt may justify the sharp- 
 est, and for its customariyiess the frcquentest, in- 
 vectives, which can be made against it. 
 
 Geuerjimeiil of the Tongue. 
 
 458
 
 CUT 
 
 Cu'sTOMARY. adj. [from custom.'] 
 Iv. Conformable to established custom ; 
 according to prescription. 
 
 Pray you now, if it may stand witii the tune 
 of your voices, that 1 may be cuiisul : 1 liave here 
 the cuttomanj gown. iiluihes]). 
 
 Several ingenious persons, whose assistance 
 iniglit i)e cttnducive to the advance of real and 
 useful Icno\slL'dgc, lay under the preiudices of 
 education and cusUmiary belief. GlunvilU^s Scejjsis. 
 
 2. Habitual. 
 
 We should avoid the profane and irreverent use 
 of God's name, by cursing, or cuftomarii swear- 
 ing : and lake heed of the neglect of his worshii), 
 or any thing belonging to it. TitUilsm. 
 
 3. Usual ; wonted. 
 
 Ev'n now I met him 
 With customary compliment, when he. 
 Wafting his eyes to th' contrary, anil falling 
 A lip of much contempt, speeds from me. ShaU. 
 Cu'STOMED. adj. [from f !/s^o»i.] Usual; 
 common ; that to which we are accus- 
 tomed. 
 
 No nat'ral exhalation in the sky, 
 No connnon wind, no customed event. 
 But they will [»luck away its nat'ral cause. 
 And call them meteors, prodigies, and signs. 
 
 Shiikesp. King John. 
 Cu'STOMER. 71. s. [from custom.] 
 
 1. One who frequents any place of sale for 
 the sake of purchasing. 
 
 One would think itOvcrdone's house; for here 
 be many old customers. Sltaliesji Mens, for ileus. 
 
 A wealthy poet takes more pains to hire 
 A flattering audience, than poor tradesmen do 
 To persuade customers to buy their goods. Roscom. 
 
 Lord Strut has I espoke his liveries at Lewis 
 
 Baboon's shop : Don't you see how that old fox 
 
 ' steals away your customers, and turns you out of 
 
 your business every day? Arbuihnot. 
 
 Those papers are grown a necessary part in cof- 
 feehouse furniture, and may be read by customers 
 of all ranks for curiosity or amusement. Swifh 
 
 I shewed you a piece of black and white stuff, 
 just sent from the d\'er, which you were pleased 
 to approve of, and be my customer for. Swijt. 
 
 2. A common woman. This sense is now 
 obsolete. 
 
 I marry her ! — What a customer ? Pr'y thee bear 
 some charity to my wit , do not thinli it so un- 
 wholesome." Shdliesp. Othello. 
 Cu'STREL. U.S. 
 
 1. A buckler-bearer. 
 
 2. A vessel for holding wine. Ainstcorth. 
 To CUT. pret. cut. part. pass. cut. [pro- 
 bably from the French cuutcuu a knife ] 
 
 1. To penetrate with an edged instru- 
 ment; to divide any continuity by a 
 sharp edge. 
 
 Ah, cut my lace asunder. 
 That my great heart may h'ave some scope to bear, 
 Or else I swoou with this dead killing news. 
 
 Shahesp. liiehard 11 T. 
 And when two hearts were join'd by mutual 
 love. 
 The sword of justice cuts upon the knot. 
 And severs 'em for ever. Drpden's Spanish Trior. 
 Some I have cut away with scissars. 
 
 1 1 'isemans Surgery. 
 
 2. To hew. 
 
 Thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon. 
 
 2 Chron. ii. 
 
 3. To carve ; to make by sculpture. 
 
 Why should a man, whose blood is warm within, 
 Sil like his grnndsire cnt in alabaster? Shakesp. 
 
 Tht tiiiuphal is defaced hy time ; but the jilan 
 of it i> neatly cut upon the wall of a neighbouring 
 building. Addison. 
 
 4. To firm any thing by tutting. 
 
 And they did beat the gold into thin plates, 
 and cut it nito wires. iinii. xxxix. 3. 
 
 5. To divide by passing through. 
 
 CUT 
 
 Before the whistling winds the Tesiels fly, 
 With rapid swiftncst cut the li(|uid way. 
 And reach (jerestus at the point of day. 
 
 Fope't Odyssey. 
 
 6. To pierce with any uneasy s-nsation. 
 The man was cut to the heart with these conso- 
 lations. Addison. 
 
 7. To divide packs of cards. 
 
 Supine they in their heav'n remain, 
 E.vempt from passion an<l from pain; 
 And frankly leave us, human elves, 
 To cut and shuflie for ourselves. Prior. 
 
 We sure in vain the cards condemn. 
 Ourselves both cul and shuflled them. _ Prior. 
 
 Take a fresh pack, nor i~ it worth our grieving. 
 Who cuts or shuffles with our rlirty leaving. 
 
 Ctraniille. 
 
 8. To intersect; to cross: as, one line cm<* 
 another at right angles. 
 
 9. To cut down. To fell ; to hew down. 
 
 .'Vll the timber whereof was cut dnu-n in the 
 moinitains of Cilicia. huoltes. 
 
 10. To cut down. To excel ; to overpow- 
 er ; a low phrase. 
 
 So great is his natural eloquence, that he cuts 
 doun the finest orator, and destroys the best con- 
 trived argument, as soon as ever he tiels himself 
 to be heard. Addison" s Count Tari^'. 
 
 11. To cut off. To separate from the 
 other parts by cutting. 
 
 And they caught him, andcutq^his thumbs. 
 
 Jud. i. 6. 
 
 12. To cut off. To destroy ; to extirpate ; 
 to put to death untimely. 
 
 All Spain was first conquered by the Unmans, 
 and filled with colonies from thetn. which were 
 still increased, and the native Spaniards still cut 
 off. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Were I king, 
 I should cut ofi the nobles for their lands. 
 
 Shakesp. Mucb-th. 
 
 This great commander was suddenly cut ojj by 
 a fatal stroke, given him with a small contem, ti- 
 ble instrument. Hoicel. 
 
 Ireniuus was likewise cutoff bj martyrdom. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Ill-fated prince ! ton negligent of life I 
 Cutojf'in the fresh "■ipcuing prime of manhood. 
 Even in the pride of life. Philips'sVistreit Mother. 
 
 13. To cut off. To rescind; to separate; 
 
 to take away. 
 
 Fetch the wi'll hither, and we shall determine 
 How to cut off some charge in legacies. 
 
 Shuk. Jiilins Ctssar. 
 
 He that cufso^ twenty ytars of life, 
 Cutsoff so many years of fearing death. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 Presume not on thy God, whoe'er he be : 
 Thee he regards not, owns not, hath cutoff 
 Quite from his people. Milton's. igonistes. 
 
 The proposal of a recompence from men, en (.s off 
 the hopes of future rewards. Smalridge. 
 
 Xi. To cut off. To intercept ; to hinder 
 from union or return. 
 
 The king of this island, a wise man and a great 
 
 warrior, handled the matter so, as he cut off their 
 
 land forces from their ships. Paeon. 
 
 His party was so nuicb inferior to the encjny, 
 
 that it would infallibly be cutoff. Clarendon. 
 
 15. To cut off. To put an end to ; to ob- 
 viate. 
 
 To cut rt^ contentions, commissioners were ap- 
 pointed to make certain the limits. Huytcard. 
 
 'Vo cut off M further mediation and interposi- 
 tion, tlie king conjured him to give over all 
 thoughts of excuse. Clarendon. 
 
 It may comf>oseour unnatural feuds, and cutoff 
 frequent occasions of brutal rage and iutempe- 
 ranee. .-{ddison. 
 
 16. To cut off. To withhold. 
 
 We arc concerned to cut off all occasion from 
 those who seek occasion, that they may have 
 whereof to accuse us. Rogers. 
 
 17. To cut off. To preclude. 
 
 To apostrophise ; to ab- 
 
 CUT 
 
 Every one who Hvei in (lie praclice of any to- 
 
 luiitary Mti, actiiativ cuts U'lnncK o^ from the be- 
 nefii.'i and profi-ssioii of chrisliaiijty. Addiion^ 
 
 Thit only objcci of my real care, 
 Cutojf'Uiim hop*', abandon'd to despair. 
 In some few pu^tiii^ fatal hours is huil'd 
 From wcaitit, from pow'r, from love, and from 
 the w.,rld. Friar. 
 
 Why should those who watt at altars be cut off 
 from partaking in the ^encr.il benefits of law, or 
 ofnature. S'nft. 
 
 18. To cut off'. To interrupt ; to silence. 
 
 It is nn ^racc to a judire to shew rpircktiess of 
 conceit in cutting off cvi(it:iice or coxinbe] t(»o «hort. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 19. To cut off. 
 
 breviate. 
 
 No vowel can be cut offhefure another, when we 
 cannot sink the pronuiiciitlunof it. Drydcn. 
 
 20. To cut out. To shape; to form. 
 
 By the pattern of mine own thoupht.s I cut out 
 the purity of his. Shakesp. Wmier'tTaU. 
 
 I, fur my |mrt, do not like iiiia>:es cut out in ju- 
 niper, or oilier garden-btutf: tlicy be for children. 
 
 Baciyn. 
 
 There is a large table at Montmorancy cut out 
 of the thickiie-is of a vine stock. Temple. 
 
 The antiquaries being but indifferent taylurs, 
 the3' wrangle prodigiously about the cutting out 
 the toga. Arhuthnot <m Coins 
 
 They have a large forest cut out into walks, ex 
 tremely thick and j:loomy. Addison 
 
 21 . To cut out. To scheme ; to contrive. 
 
 Havinw a most pernicious fire kindled within 
 the very Dowels of his own forest, he had work 
 enough cut him out to extinguish it. HoweL 
 
 Every man hud cut out a place for himself in his 
 own thoughts: 1 could reckon up iu our army 
 two f.r three lord-treasurers. Addison. 
 
 22. To cut out. To adapt. 
 
 You know I am not cutout for writing a treatise, 
 nor have a genius to pen an}* thing exactly. 
 
 ■23. To cut out. To debar. 
 
 I am cut out from any thing bat common ac- 
 knowledgements, or common discourse. Pope. 
 
 24!.To cut out. To excel ; to outdo. 
 
 25. To cut short. To hinder from pro- 
 ceeding by sudden interruption. 
 
 Thus niucli lie spoke, and more lie would have 
 said, 
 But the stem hero turo'd aside his head, 
 And cut him short. Drttden's A^neid. 
 
 Achilles ri(( h\m short; and thus replied. 
 My worth, allow'd in words, is in effect denied. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 26. To cut short. To abridge : as, the 
 soldiers were cut short of thtir poi/. 
 
 27. To cut up. To divide an animal into 
 convenient pieces. 
 
 The boar's intemperance, and the note upon 
 him afterwards, on the cutting him up, that he 
 had no brains in his head, may be moralized into 
 a sensual man. L'Lstrange. 
 
 28. To cut up. To eradicate. 
 
 Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and jum- 
 per-roots for their meat. Job. 
 
 This doctrine cuts up all government by tbe 
 roots. Locke. 
 
 To Cut. v. n, 
 
 1. To make way by dividing ; to divide 
 by passing through. 
 
 When the teeih arc ready to cut, the upper part 
 is rubbed with hard substmices, which infants, by 
 a natural instinct, aftecl. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. To perform the operation of lithotomy. 
 
 He saved the lives of thousands hy his manner 
 of cu((:ji^ for the stone. Pn^e. 
 
 3. To interfere : as, a horse that cuts. 
 Cut. part. adj. Prepared for use : a me- 
 taphor from hewn timber. 
 
 Sets of phrases, cut and riry. 
 Evermore ihe tou^ue supply. Su^. 
 
 459
 
 CUT 
 
 Cut. n.s. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. Tlie action of a sharp or edged instru- 
 ment ; the blow of an ax or sword. 
 
 2. The impression or separation of con- 
 tinuity, made by an edire or sharp in- 
 strument : distinguished from that made 
 by perforation with a pointed instru- 
 ment. 
 
 S. A wound madeby cutting. 
 
 Sliarp weapons, accordini: to the force, cut into 
 the buac niany ways ; \vhich cuts are called sales, 
 and are reckoned among tlie fractures. 
 
 WUeman's Surgei'y. 
 
 4. A (Channel made by art. 
 
 This preat cut or ditch .Scsustrls tlie ricli king of 
 Egypt, and long after him PtoIcmusPlnladcliihiis, 
 purposed to have made a frrcat deal wider and 
 deeper, and tlicreljy to have let the Red Sea into 
 the Mediterranean. KnoUes, 
 
 5. A part cut off from the rest. 
 
 Suppose a board to he ten foot long, and one 
 broad, one cut is reckoned so many foot. 
 
 Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 6. A small particle ; a shred. 
 
 It liath a number of short cuts or shreddings, 
 which may be better called wishes than prayers. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 7. A lot made by cuttins; a stick. 
 
 My lady Zelmane and my daughter Mopsa may 
 draw cufs', and the shortestcui speak first. Sidneii- 
 
 A man may as reasonably draw cuts for his te- 
 nets, and regulate his persuasion by the cast of a 
 die. Locke. 
 
 8. A near passage, by which some angle 
 is cut off. 
 
 The ignorant took heart to enter upon this great 
 calling, and instead of their cutting their way t(j it 
 throQgli tlie knowledge of the tongues, the falhers, 
 and councils, they ha^etaken another aiidaihorier 
 cut. SoutJi 
 
 There is a shorter ctit, an easier passage. 
 
 Vecai^ of Piety. 
 
 The evidence of my sense is simple and imme- 
 diate, and therefore 1 have buLasliorler cut there- 
 by to the assent to the truth of the things so evi- 
 denced. Hole's Origin of mankind. 
 
 But the gentleman would needs see me part of 
 niv\^ay,and carry me a shortcut tln(jugh his own 
 ground, which saved me lialf a mile's ridinir. 
 
 Su'ijt's Eiuminer. 
 
 9. A picture cut or carved upon a stamp 
 of wood or copper, and impressed from 
 it. 
 
 In this form, acc.rdiug to his description, he is 
 
 set forth in the prints or cuts of martyrs by Ceval- 
 
 lerius. _ Brown. 
 
 It is, I believe, used improperly by 
 
 Addison. 
 
 jMadame Uacier, from some old cuts of Terence, 
 fancies that the larva or persona of the Roman 
 actors was not only a vizard for tlie face, but had 
 false hair to it. Addison on Italy. 
 
 10. Tiie stainp on which a picture is 
 carved, and by which it is impressed. 
 
 11 . The act or practice of dividing a pack 
 
 of cards. 
 
 How can the muse herald impart, 
 Unskill'din all the terms of art? 
 Or in harmonious numbers put 
 The deal, the shuffle, and the cui. Swift. 
 
 12. Fashion; form; shape; manner of 
 cutting into shape. 
 
 Their clothes are after such a Pagan cii( too, 
 lliat, sure, they've worn out Christcni'om. 
 
 iTiafc. Hc"r.i/VlII. 
 His tawny beard was Ih' equal grace 
 Both of his wisdom arid his face ; 
 liici/( and dj'e so like a tile, 
 A sudden view it would beguile. Hudihras- 
 Tliey were so familiarly actpiaintcd with him, as 
 to know the fery ciif of his beard. Stillingjieet. 
 
 CUT 
 
 Children love breeches, not f»r theirrwror case, 
 but because the having tliem is a mark or step to- 
 wards manhoon. Locke. 
 
 A third desires you to observe well the toga on 
 such a reverse, and asks you whether you can in 
 conscience believe the sleeve of it to be of the 
 true Ronianriif. Addison. 
 
 Sometimes an old fellow shall wear this or that 
 sort of cut in his cloaths with great integrity. 
 
 Addis. Spectator. 
 
 Wilt thou buy there some high heads of the 
 newest cut for my daughter ? 
 
 Arhalhiwt's History of John Bull. 
 
 13. It seems anciently to have signified a 
 fool or cully. To cat still signifies to 
 cheat, in low language. 
 
 Send her money, knight, if thou hast her not in 
 the und, call nie cut. Shahcsp. Twelfth Kighl. 
 
 14. Cut and long tail. A proverbial ex- 
 pression for men of all kinds. It is bor- 
 rowed from dogs. 
 
 He will maintain you like a gentlewoman.—— 
 Ay, that I will, cimie cut anil long tail, under the 
 degree of a squire. Shak.Merry ]Vivesif Windsor. 
 At quintin he, 
 In honour of this bridaltee, 
 Hath ehallen'j,'d either wide cotintee ; 
 Come cut and long tail ; for there he 
 Si.v bachelors as bold as he.Uen Jons. Underwood. 
 
 Cutaneous, adj. [fromcutis, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to the skin. 
 
 This serous, nutritious mass is more readily cir- 
 culated into the cutaneous or remotest parts of the 
 body. Floueron Humours. 
 
 Some sorts oi cutaneous eruptions are occasioned 
 by feeding much on acid unripe fruits and farina- 
 ceous substances. Arbuthtiot. 
 
 Cu'ticle. n. s. [cuiicula, Lat.] 
 
 1. The fir.st and outermost covering of 
 the body, commonly called the scarf- 
 skin. This is that soft skin which rises 
 in a blister upon any burning, or the ap- 
 plication of a blistering plaster. It sticks 
 close to the surface of the true skin, to 
 which it is also tied by the vessels which 
 nourish it, though they are so small as 
 not to be seen. Wiien the scarf-skin is 
 ex.'rmined with a microscope, it appears 
 to be made up of several lays of exceed- 
 ing small scales. Quinci/. 
 
 in each of the very fingers there are bones and 
 gristles, and ligaments and membranes, «n<I mus- 
 cles, and tendons, and nerves and arteries, and 
 veins and skin, and c»tic/e and nail. 
 
 Bentleus Serm. 
 
 2. A thin skin formed on the surface of 
 any liquor. 
 
 When any saline liquor is evaporated to cutick, 
 and let cool, the salt concretes in regular figures ; 
 which argues that the particles of the salt, oefore 
 they concreted, floated in the liquor at equal dis- 
 tances in rank and file, NewtoyisOjtticks. 
 
 Cuti'cular. adj. [from cutis, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to the .skin. 
 
 Cuth, signifies knowledge or skill. .So 
 Ciiihwin is a knowing conqueror; Culh- 
 red, a knowing counsellor; Cuthbert, 
 famous for skill. Much of the same na- 
 ture are Sophocles and Sophianus. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 
 Cu'tlass. n. s. [coiitclas, Fr.] This word 
 is written sometinnes cntlace, sometimes 
 cutthax ; in Shakespeare, curt leave ; and 
 in Pope, ctitlash.] A broad cutting 
 sword : the word is much in use among 
 the seamen. 
 
 Were 't not belter 
 That 1 did suit me all points like a man ? 
 
 CUT 
 
 A eallant curtleaxe upon my thigh, 
 
 A boar-spear in my hand. Shakcsp. Asyou likeit. 
 
 To the lodgments of his herd he run, 
 Where the fat porkets slept beneath the sun : 
 Of two his cuilash launch'd tlie spouting blood. 
 These quarter'd, sing'd, and fix'd on forks of 
 wood. Pope. 
 
 Cu'tler. n. s. [rovtclier, Fr.] One wno 
 makes or sells knives. 
 
 A paultry ring 
 That she did give, whose poesy was 
 For all the w'orld like cutlers poetry 
 Upon a knife ; love me, and leave me not. Shak. 
 In a bye cutler's shop he bought a tenpenny 
 knife : so'cheap was the instrument of this great 
 attempt. Wottcm. 
 
 He chose no other instrument than an ordinary 
 knife, which be bought of a common cutler. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Cu'tpurse. n. s. [cut and purse.] One 
 who steals by the method of cutting 
 purses : a common practice when men 
 wore their purses at their girdles, as was 
 once the custom. A thief; a robber. 
 
 To have an open car, a quick eye, and a nimble 
 hand, is necessary for SLCutpurse. 
 
 Shake.'ip. Winter's Tale. 
 A vice of kings, 
 A cutpurse of the empire and the rule. 
 That froui a shelf the precious diadem stole, 
 And put it in his pocket. Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 Was there no felony, no bawd, 
 Cutpurse, nor burglary abroad ? Hudibras, 
 If we could imagine a whole nation to be r"(- 
 purses and robbers, woiihl there then be kept that 
 square dealing and equity in such a nionstrous 
 den of thieves ? Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 Cutter, n. s. [from cut.] 
 1 . An agent or instrument that cuts any- 
 thing. 
 •2. A nimble iioat that cuts the water. 
 
 3. [Inci.wres.] The teeth that cut the meat. 
 
 The molares, or grinders, arc I ehind, nearest 
 the centre of motion, because there is a greater 
 strength or force required to chew the meat titan 
 to bite a piece ; and the cutters before, that they 
 may be ready to cut otV a morsel from any solid 
 food, to be transmitted to the grinders. 
 
 Ratj on the Creation. 
 
 4. An officer in the Exchequer that pro- 
 vides wood for the tallies, and cuts the 
 sum paid vipon them ; and then casts 
 the same into the court to be written 
 upon. Cowell. 
 
 Cu't -THROAT, n.s. [cut anA throat.] A 
 ruffian ; a murderer ; a butcher of men ; 
 an assassin. 
 
 \^ ill yon then suffer these robbers, cijt-t/iroaU, 
 base people, gathered out of all the corners of 
 Christendom, to waste your countries, spoil your 
 cities, murder your people, and trouble all your 
 seas? KnoUes. 
 
 Perhaps the cii(-t/irnut may rather take his copy 
 from the Paris'an massacre, one of the liorridest 
 instances of barbarous inhumanity that ever wai 
 known. _ . South. 
 
 The ruffian robbers by no justice aw'd, 
 And unpaid cut-throat soldiers are abroad ; 
 Those venial souls, who, harden'd in each ill. 
 To save complaints and prosecution, kill. 
 
 Dryden's Jmieiud. 
 
 Cu't-throat. adj. Cruel; inhuman; 
 barbarous. 
 
 If to take above fifty in the hundred be extre- 
 mity, this in truth can be none other than cut- 
 throat and abominable dealing. 
 
 Carew's Surrey of CormivU. 
 
 Cu'tting. n. s. [from cut.] A piece cut 
 off; a chop. 
 
 The burning of the cuttings of vines, arid casting 
 them upon land, doth much good. Bacons Nat. H. 
 
 Many are propagated above ground by slips or 
 cuttings. ^"S' 
 
 4,60
 
 C Y L 
 
 CUTTLE, n.s. [sepia.] A fish, which, 
 when he is pursued by a fish of prey, 
 throws out a black liquor, by which he 
 darkens the water and escapes. 
 
 Tt is soniewliat btranpe, tliat the blood of all 
 birds, and beasts, and iishes, should he of a red 
 colour, and only the blood of the cuttie should lie 
 as black as ink. _ Bacon. 
 
 He that uses many words for tlie explaininc any 
 jubject, doth, like i\\c cnitk tisli, hide himself for 
 the most jKirt in his own ink. Rufj tm tite Creation. 
 
 Cuttle, n. s. [from culile.] A foul- 
 moiitlieil fellow ; a fellow who blackens 
 the character of others. Hanmer. 
 
 Away, you cut|nirse rascal ; you filthy bung, 
 awav :"by this wine, I'll thrust my knife in your 
 mouldy chaps, if you play the saucy C"»te witji 
 nie. Shtikesp. HtnryiX. 
 
 Cycle, v. s. [si/chs, Lat. xuxx®-.] 
 
 1. A circle. 
 
 2. A round of time« a space in which the 
 same revolutions begin again ; a perio- 
 dical space of time. 
 
 We do raore commonly use these words, so as 
 to style a lesser space a cycle, and a greater by the 
 name of period ; and you may not improperly 
 call the begiiming of a large period the epochu 
 thereof. Holder on Time. 
 
 S. A methr)d, or account of a method, con- 
 tinued till tlie same course begins again. 
 
 We thought we sliould not attempt an unac- 
 ceptable work, if here we endeavoured to present 
 our gardeners with a complete cycle of what is re- 
 quisite to be done throughout every month of the 
 year. Kvelyn's Kalendar. 
 
 4. Imaginary orbs; a circle in the hea- 
 vens. 
 
 How build, unbuild, contrive 
 To save appearances ; how gird the spliere 
 With centrick, and excentrick, scribbled o'er 
 Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb ! Milton. 
 
 CY'CLOID. n.s. [from y-vKXaTirif, of xi/xA'^, 
 and £1?©' shape.] A geometrical curve, 
 of which the genesis may be conceived 
 by imagining a nail in the circumfer- 
 ence of a wheel : the line whicli the nail 
 describes in the air, while the wheel re- 
 volves in a right line, is the cycloid. 
 
 Cyclo'idal. adj. [from a/cloid.] Re- 
 lating to a cycloid ; as the ci/cloidal 
 space, is the space contained lietween 
 the cycloid and its substance. Chambers. 
 
 CyCLOP.EDI'a. 71, S. [kiIxA®- and irathia.] 
 
 A circle of knowledge; a course of tlie 
 sciences. 
 Cy'gnet. n.s. [from cycrrns, Lat.] A 
 young swan. 
 
 I am i\\c cygnet to this pale faint swan, 
 Who chaunts a doleful h^'mn to his own death. 
 
 Shukesp. King John. 
 So doth the swan her downy citgnets save. 
 Keeping them pris'ners underlieatn her wings. 
 
 Sliak. He«rv VI. 
 Cjf^Hrts, from grey, turn white. 
 
 Bacon's Kal. Hist. 
 ■Young cygnets are good meat, if fatted with 
 oats ; but, fed with weeds, they taste fishy. 
 
 Mortimer s Husbandni. 
 
 CY'LINDER. n.s. [xiM,^^,,.] A body 
 
 having two flat surfaces and one circular. 
 
 C Y N 
 
 The quEintity of water wliich every revolution 
 does carry, accnrding to any inclination of the cy- 
 linder, may be ca'^Hy found. M'ilkiiis. 
 
 The sfiuare will make yuii ready for all maimer 
 of compartments, bases, pedeslaU, plots, and 
 buildings ; v<'"r cylinder, for vaulted turrets, and 
 round buildiniis. Frachtim. 
 
 Cylindrical. "1 arlj. [from n/Iindtr.] 
 Cy li'ndkick. J Partaking of the nature 
 of .1 cylinder ; having tlie form of a cy- 
 linder . 
 
 iMinera ferri stalactitia, wlien several of the cy- 
 lindrick stria- are conti;j;nous, and grow together 
 into one sh oaf, is called brushiron ore. 
 
 ]\'ooiiward'$ Natural Hi^ory. 
 
 Obstructions must le most incident to .such 
 parts of the body where tlie circulation and the 
 clastick fibres are' both smalle>t, and those plandb, 
 Svhich are tlie extremities of arteries fonnetl into 
 cylindrical canals. Arbnth. onAlim. 
 
 Cyma'r. n, s, [properly written sima)\] 
 A .'flight covering ; a scarf. 
 
 Her comely limbs compos'd with decent care, 
 Her body shaded with a slight ci/mar; 
 Her bosnm to the view was only bare. Dryd. 
 
 CYMATIUM. n. s. [Lat. from xv^iri<„ 
 a little wave.] A member of architec- 
 ture, whereof one half is convex, and 
 the other concave. There are two sorts, 
 of which one is hollow below, .as the 
 other is above. Harris 
 
 In a cornice, the gola, or cifmatitim of the coro- 
 na, the coping, the modillions, or dentelli, make a 
 nuble show by their grace fuiprojetions.5/7t?rfof(Tr. 
 
 Cy'.mbal n.s.[cymbalum,ha.t.'\ A mu- 
 sical instrument. 
 
 The trumpets, sackbuts, psalteries, and fifes. 
 Tabors, and ciimlmls, and the shouting Romans, 
 Make the sun dance. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 [f mirth should fail, I'll busy her with cares. 
 Silence her clamorous voice with louder wars ; 
 ■Trurapcts and drums shall fright her from the 
 
 throne, 
 As sounding cymbals aid tlie lab'ring moon. 
 
 Drijden'sAurengzebe. 
 
 Cyna'nthropy. n. s. [xviit )tt>»©-, and 
 
 arS^tiw^.] A species of madness in which 
 
 men have the qualities of dogs. 
 CyNARCTO'mACHY. [xvm, a^To;, f4«x^-] 
 
 A word coined by Butler, to denote 
 
 bear-baiting with a dog. 
 That some occidt design doth lie 
 
 In bloody cifnarctomachy. 
 
 Is plain enough to him that knows 
 
 How saints lead brothers by the nose. Hndihras. 
 
 Cynege'ticks. n.s. [xt;»£y»Tu«».] The art 
 of hunting ; the art of training and hunt- 
 ing with dogs. 
 
 'I'here are extant, in Greek, four hooks of n;7?e- 
 geticks, or venation. Broun s Vulg. T.rr. 
 
 Cy'nical. J flrf/. [iti/Kwt®-.] Having the 
 Cy'nick. I qualities of a dog; cun-ish ; 
 brutal; snarling; satirical. 
 
 He doth believe that some new-fangled wit (it 
 is his cynical phrase) will some time or other find 
 out his art. Il'i//;iiis, 
 
 Cy'nick. n.s. [x^hx©-.] A philosopher 
 of the snarling or currish sort ; a follow- 
 er of Diogenes ; a rude man ; a snarlcr ; 
 a misanthrope. 
 
 How vilely doth this cynick rliime !— 
 Get you hence, sirrah ; saucy fellow, hence. Skak. 
 
 C Z A. 
 
 Wilhoot these precautions the man degenerates 
 into a cynick, the woman into a coquette ; tiie 
 man grows sullen and morose, llie woman imper- 
 tinent and fantastical. Addtson. 
 
 Cy'nosure. 71. s. [from xi/'j©- ct,|a.J The 
 star near the north pole, by which sail- 
 ors steer . 
 
 I'owcrs and battlements it sees 
 Bosum'd higli in tufled trcet, 
 W here perliaps some beauty lies. 
 The cynosme of iK'ighl)ouring eyes. Miltm. 
 Cy'on. See CiON. 
 
 Gather cyma for jjraffs before the bud* sprout. 
 
 Lietvn, 
 
 Cy'press-tree. n.s. [atfrressus, Lat.] 
 V The cypress is a tall straiglit tree, pro- 
 duced with great difficulty. Its fruit is 
 of no use : its leaves are bitter, and the 
 very smell and shade of it are dange- 
 rous. Hence the Romans looked upon 
 it to be a fatal tree, and made use of it 
 at funerals, and in mournful ceremonies. 
 The cypress-ti'ee is always green, and 
 never either rots or is worm eaten. 
 
 Calmt (. 
 
 In ivory coffers I have sluff'd my crowns ; 
 
 In cypress chests my arras counterpanes. Muikc.*p. 
 
 He tiikcth the cypress and the oak, which lie 
 
 strengtheneth for himself among the trees of ti:e 
 
 forest. ha xliv. 14. 
 
 Poplars and alders ever-quiveiing piny'd. 
 And nodding cypress form'd a fragrant shade. 
 
 Pope's OWi/Mrv. 
 2. Being anciently used in funerals, it is 
 the emblem of mourning. 
 
 Poison be their drink, 
 Their svveatest shade a grove of rijprrss trees. 
 
 Shakesp. Henrit VT. 
 
 Cy'prus. n.s. [I suppose from the jilace 
 where it was made ; or corruptly from 
 cypress, as being used in moimiing.] \ 
 thin transparent black stuft". 
 
 Lawn as white as driven snow, 
 Cyprus black as e'er was crow. Shak. M'int. TaU. 
 
 A Cyprus, not a bosora. 
 Hides my poor heart ! Shakesp. 
 
 CY.ST. 1 71. s. [xfrif.] A bag containing 
 CY'STIS. ) some morbid matter. 
 
 In taking it out, the cystis broke, and shetved 
 itself by its matter to be a meliceris. 
 
 1( isemans Surgei'v. 
 There may be a consumption, with a nuruleiit 
 spitting, when the vimiica is cunlaincd in a cert 
 or bag ; upon the breaking of which the patient 
 iscounuonly sufi'ocated. Arhnthnoton Diet. 
 
 Cy'stick. adj. [from cyst a has.] Con- 
 tained in a bag. 
 
 The bile is of two sorts; the custick, or that 
 contained in the gall-bl.adder, a sort of repository 
 for the gall ; or the liepatick, or what flows im- 
 mediately from the liver. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Cysto'tomy. 71. s. [xi!ri5 and riynti.] The 
 act or practice of opening incysted tu- 
 mours, or cutting the bag in which any 
 morbid matter is contained. 
 
 CZAR. n. s. [A Sclavonian word, written 
 more properly tzm:] The title of tha 
 emperour of Russia. 
 
 Czari'na. U.S. [from czar.] The empress 
 of Russia, 
 
 461
 
 DAB 
 
 'W\ Is a consonant nearly approacliing 
 
 -^■^5 in sound to T, but formed by a 
 stronifer appulse of tlie tongue to the 
 u|>per part of the mouth. The sound 
 of D in i^nglhh is uniform, and it is ne- 
 ver mute. 
 
 DACAPO. [Ititl.] A term in musick, 
 wliich signifying from tlie liead or the 
 beginning, means that the first part of 
 tlie tune should be repeated at the con- 
 clusion. 
 
 To DAB. V. a. [dauber, Fr.] To strike 
 gently witli sometliing soft or moist. 
 
 A sure slumld iit-vei- be wiped by drawint; a 
 piece of tow or rag over it, but only by dabbing it 
 witli fine lint. iharp. 
 
 Dab. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A small lump of any thing, 
 
 2. A blow with something moist or soft. 
 
 3. Something moist or slimy thrown upon 
 one. 
 
 4. [In low language.] An artist; a man 
 expert at something. This is not used 
 in writing. 
 
 5. A kind of small flat fish. 
 
 Of llat iisli tbere are rays, flowlcs, dabs, plaice. 
 
 Curcu-. 
 
 Da'b-chick. n. s. A small water fowl, 
 
 called likewise Dobchick, and Didiip- 
 
 ptr, and Dipcliick. Colymbiis. Ray. 
 
 A dab-chick waddles through tiie copse 
 On feet and wini;s, and tiies, and wades, and liops. 
 
 To DA'BBLE. v. a. [dabbelen, But.] To 
 smear ; to daub ; to spatter ; to besprin- 
 kle ; to wet. 
 
 A shadow, like an angel, with bright hair 
 Dabbled in blood. Shahesp, Richardlll. 
 
 I scarrified, and dabbled the wound with oil of 
 turpentine. Wisemnn's Stirgeru. 
 
 Mean wiiile the South, rising with dabbled wings, 
 A sable cloud athwart tlie welkin liings. Swift. 
 
 To Da'bble. v. n. 
 
 1 . To play in water ; to move in water or 
 mud. 
 
 Neither will a spirit, that dwells with stars, 
 dabble in (his iinpurer mind. Gianvilles Apol. 
 
 The little one complained of lier legs, that she 
 cuuld neither swim nor dabble witli lliein. L'Est. 
 
 iiut when he found the buys at play. 
 And saw them dabbling in their clay. 
 He stood behind a stall to lurk, 
 And mark the progress of their work. Sicift. 
 
 2. To do any thing in a slight, superficial, 
 or shallow manner; to tamper. 
 
 Shakespeare shall be put into your han>ls, as 
 clear and as fair as it came out of them ; thougli 
 ytiu, 1 think, have been dahhLijtg here and there 
 wiih the text, 1 have had mure reverence fur the 
 writer and the printer, and left every thiiiij stand- 
 ing. Atierbwy to fopc. 
 
 Da'bbler. n. s. [from, dabblt.] 
 
 1. One that plays in water. 
 
 2. One that meddles without mastery ; 
 one that never goes to the bottom of an 
 affair; a superficial meddler. 
 
 He dares not complain of thetootli-ach, lest our 
 dabblers in politicks should be ready to swear 
 against hiiu for disatiection. Swili 
 
 D A G 
 
 Dace. n,s. [of uncertain derivation: in 
 most provinces called dare. Leuciscus.] 
 A small river fish, resembling a roach, 
 but less. 
 
 Let nip live harmlessly, and near the brink 
 Of Trent or Avon have a dwellnig place ; 
 
 Where I may sec my fjuii! or curk, down sink 
 With eagtr biteofpearch, or bleak, or dace. Walt. 
 
 Da'ctyle. n. s. [^axTvUt; a singer.] A 
 poetical foot consistinj^ of one long syl- 
 lable and two short, like the joints of a 
 finger ; as cdndidi'is. 
 
 Dad. 7 n. s. [The child's way of ex- 
 
 Da'ddy. 5 pressing /"<r/^//('r. It is remark- 
 able, that, in all parts of the world, the 
 word for father, as first taught to chil- 
 dren, is compounded of a and tj or the 
 kindred letter d, differently placed ; as 
 iad, Welsh ; aria, Gr. alia, Gothick ; 
 tafri, Lat.] Father. 
 
 I was never sn bethumpt with words, 
 Since iirst I called my brotlier's father c/a<i. Shak. 
 
 His loving mother left him tti my care ; 
 Fine cliildj as like liis dad as he could stare ! Gay. 
 
 To DADE. IK tf. To hold up by a leadnig 
 string. 
 
 The little children, when they learn to go, 
 Pv painful mothers dacJed Ui and fro. Drayton. 
 
 D.iLDAL. adj. [dadalns.'La.X.'] 
 
 1. Various; variegated. 
 
 2. Skilfid ; this is not the true meaning, 
 nor should be imitated. 
 
 Nor liath 
 The disdal hand of nature oidy pour'd 
 Her <;ifts of outward j^race. Philips. 
 
 Da'ffodil. \ w. s, [Supposed 
 
 Daffodi'lly. >by Skimier to be 
 
 Daffodowndi'lly. J corrupted from 
 asp/iodelns.] 
 
 This plant hath a lily-flower, consisting of one 
 leaf, which is bril-shaped, md cut into six seg- 
 meiils, which incircle its middle like a crown ; but 
 the cmpalement, vvhich commonly rises out of a 
 membranous vaLiina, turns to an oblong or round- 
 ish fruir, which is triangular, and capes in ihree 
 parts; is divided into three cells, and full of 
 roundish seeds. Miller. 
 
 Strew me the green round with daffodotcndiUics, 
 And cowslips, and kingcups, and loved lilies. 
 
 Spt7isei\ 
 Bid amaranthus all his beauty slied, 
 And daffodillies 1111 their cups with tears, 
 To strew the lanreat herse where L3'cid lies. Milt. 
 The daughters of the flood have searcli'd the 
 mead 
 For violets pale, and croppM the poppy's head : 
 'I'he siiort narcissus, and fair daffodil. 
 Fancies (o please the sight, and cassia sweet to 
 smell. Dryden. 
 
 To Daft. v. a. [contracted from do aft ; 
 that is, to throw hack, to throw off '\ To 
 toss aside ; to put away with contempt; 
 to throw aw.iy sh'glitly. Not now in use. 
 
 The nimble-footed nia»l-ca[> prince of Wales, 
 And his comrades, that daft the world aside, 
 Aud bid it pass. Shakc$p. Henry lY. 
 
 I would she had bcstow'd this dotage on me : 1 
 would have daft all other respects, ancl made her 
 half myself- Shakesp. 
 
 Dag. n.s. [dagut; Fr.] 
 1. A dagger. 
 
 DAI 
 
 2. A handgun ; a pistol : so called from 
 serving the purposes of a dagger, being 
 carried secretly, and doing mischief sud- 
 denly. It is in neither sense now used. 
 
 To Dag. v. a. [from daggU.I To daggle ; 
 to bemire ; to let fall in the water : a 
 low word. 
 
 DAGGER, n.s. [dague.Yr.] 
 
 1. A short sword ; a poniard. 
 
 She ran to lier iuxi'i dagger, and struck herself 
 a mortal wound. Sidney, 
 
 This sword a dagger had his page. 
 And was but little lor his ase ; 
 And therefore waited on him so 
 As dwarfs upon knights-errant do. Hudihras. 
 He strikes himself with his dagger; but being 
 interrupted by one of his friendsrhe stabs him, 
 and breaks tlie dagger onoae of bis ribs. Addison, 
 
 2. [In fencing schools.] A blunt blade of 
 iron with a basket hilt, used for defence. 
 
 3. [With printers ] The obelisk; a mark 
 of reference in form of a dagger ; as [t]. 
 
 Da'ggersdrawing. n.s. [dag3:er and 
 draw.] The act of drawing daggers ; ap- 
 proach to open violence. 
 
 They always are at dag^ersdrawing. 
 And one another clapiierclawing. Hudibras. 
 
 I have heard of a quarrel in a tavern, where all 
 were at daggersdratriiig, till one desired to know 
 tlie siibject^of thequrirrel. Swift, 
 
 To DA'GGLE. v. a. [from dag dew; a 
 word, according to Mr. Li/e, derived 
 from the Danish ; according to .Skinner, 
 from bag sprinkled, or beagan to dip. 
 They are probably all of the same root.] 
 To dip negligently in mire or water ; to 
 bemire ; to besprinkle. 
 To Da'ggle. v. 71. To be in the mire ; to 
 run through wet or dirt. 
 
 Nor like a puppy, daggled through the town. 
 To fetch and carry sinii-song up and down. Pope. 
 
 Daggledtail. [duggte 3.nd tai/,] Be- 
 mired ; dipped in the water or mud ; 
 bespattered. 
 
 The gentlemen of wit and pleasure are apt to 
 be ehoaked at the sight of so many daggledtail 
 parsons, that hapjien to fall in their way. Su-ijt. 
 
 DAILY, adj. [oaghc, Sax.] Happening 
 every day, or very frequently ; done 
 every day ; quotidian. 
 
 ATuch are we bound to heaven 
 In dailxt thanks, that gave us such a prince. Shak. 
 
 Cease, man of woman born ! to hope relief 
 From daily trouble, and continued grief. Prior. 
 Dai'ly. adv. Every day ; very often. 
 
 Let th'it man with better sense advise. 
 That of the world least part to us is read ; 
 
 And duilu how through hardy enterprize 
 Many great regions are discovered, fairy Queen. 
 
 A man with whom I conversed almost dailiifoT 
 years together. Dryden. 
 
 Dai'ntily. adv. [from dainli/.] 
 
 1 . Elegantly ; delicately. 
 
 Truth is a naked and open day-iight, that doth 
 not shew themasks and mummeries and triumphs 
 of the world, half so stately and dai/iti/j; as can- 
 dlelight. Eaam, 
 
 2. Deliciously ; pleasantly. 
 
 There is no region on earth so daintily watered, 
 with such great navigable rivers, Horn's Vocal F, 
 
 i6-2
 
 DAI 
 
 Tliose young suitors had been accustomed to 
 nothing but to sleep well, and fare dtiinUly. 
 
 Broome's View of I'pick Poems, 
 $. Nicely ; ceremoniously ; scrupulously. 
 4. Squeamishly ; fastidiously. 
 Da'intiness. n.s. [irom dainli/.] 
 J. Delicacy; softness. 
 
 What shuuhl yet thy palate please ? 
 Da'mliness and softer ease. 
 Sleeked limbs and finest blood ? BenJonson. 
 
 2. Elegance; nicety. 
 
 The duke exceeded in the daintiness of his leg 
 und foot, and the earl in the fine shajie of his 
 hands. _ . WotUm. 
 
 3. Delicacy ; deliciousness. 
 
 It was more notiirious for the daintiness of the 
 provision whicli lie served in it, than for the nias- 
 siness of the dish. Hakeuitl on I'rovidence. 
 
 4. Squeamishness ; fastidiousness. 
 
 Of sand, and lime, and clay, Vitruvius hath 
 discoursed without any (/«t«rj»e$s. M oturn. 
 
 5. Cerenioniousness; scrupulosity. 
 DA'INTY. at/j. [derived by Skinner from 
 
 dain, an old French word for delicate ; 
 ■which yet I cannot find in dictionaries.] 
 
 1. Pleasing to the palate; of exquisite 
 ta-ste ; delicious. 
 
 Hiiiher concoction is required for sweetness, or 
 pleasure of taste, and therefore all your dainty 
 plumbs are a little dry. Bacon. 
 
 2. Delicate; of acute sensibility; nice; 
 squeamish ; soft ; luxurious ; tender. 
 
 This is the slowest, yet the daintiest sense ; 
 For ev'n the ears of such as have no skill 
 
 Perceive a discord, and conceive oftence ; 
 And knowing not what's good, yet find the ill. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 niey werea fine and (ftn'nfv jieople; frugal and 
 
 yet elegant, thougii not military. Bacon. 
 
 3. Scrupulous ; ceremonious. 
 
 Which of you all 
 Will now deny to dance ? She that makes dainty, 
 I'll swear hain corns. Sftahesp. Romcoajid Juliet. 
 Therefore to horse ; 
 ■ And let us not be dainty of leave-takiiii;. 
 
 But shift away. ShaU. Macbeth. 
 
 4. Elegant ; tenderly, languishingly, or 
 effeminately beautiful. 
 
 I\Iy house, within the city. 
 Is richly furnished with plate and gold, 
 B'lsons and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shah. 
 
 Why -•■hould ye he so cruel to yourself. 
 And to those daintti limbs, which nature lent 
 For gentle usage and soft delicacy ? Milton. 
 
 5. Nice; attectedly fine : in contempt. 
 
 Your dainty speakers have the curse. 
 To [.lead bad causes down to worse. Prior. 
 
 Da'inty. n.s. 
 
 1 . Somethino: nice or delicate ; a delicacy ; 
 somethincr of exquisite taste. 
 
 Be not d'-sirous of his dainties ; for they are de- 
 ceitful meat. Proverbs, xxiii. 3. 
 
 A worm breedeth in meal, of the shajieofa 
 large while maggot, which is given as a great 
 daintti to nightingales. Bacon 
 
 She then pro.luc'd her dairy store. 
 And unbought dainties of the 'poor. Drtjden. 
 
 The shepherd swains, with sure abundance 
 blest. 
 On the fat tlock and rural dainties feast. Pope. 
 
 2. A word of fondness formerl}- in use. 
 ^Vhy, that's my daintit ; I shall miss thee ; 
 
 But yet thou shall have freedom. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 'J'here's a fortune coming 
 Towards you, daintu, that will take thee thus, 
 And set thee aloft " BenJottson. 
 
 D.'V'IRY. U.S. [from rffy, an old word for 
 
 milk. Mr. Lye] 
 1 . The occupation or art of making va 
 rious kinds of food from milk. 
 Grounds were turned much in England either 
 
 DAL 
 
 to feeding or dairy ; and this adTanced the trade 
 of Kn;;lisli butter. Ttmjile. 
 
 2. The place where milk is manufactured. 
 
 Vou have no more worth 
 Than the coarse and country fairv, 
 Thatdotli hainit (he hearth or dainj. Ben Jonson. 
 
 \\'hal stores my dailies and my "folds ciitain! 
 A thousand lambs that wander on the [)\a.'m. Dryd. 
 She in pens his flocks will fold, 
 And then produce her dairy store. Drudcn. 
 
 3. Pasturage; milk farm ; ground where 
 milch cattle are kept 
 
 Dairies, being wi'll housewived, are exceeding 
 toiii mod ions. Hacun. 
 
 Children, in rfa/ri/ countries, do wax more tall 
 than where they feed more upon bread and fle-li. 
 
 Bacon 
 
 Dai'rymaid. n. *. [thhy and t/u/id] 
 The woman servant whose business is to 
 manage the milk. 
 
 The poorest of the sex have still an itcli 
 To know their f()rtuncy, equal to the rich ; 
 The dtnryinaid enquires if she shall take 
 The trusty taylor, nnd the cook forsake. Dryden. 
 
 Come up quickly, or we shall conclude" that 
 
 thou art in iuve with one of Sir Roger's dairu- 
 
 Ttuiids. Addistm. 
 
 Da'isy. w.5. [^aejej-eage day's eye. 
 Chat/ctr,] A spring flower. 
 
 It liath a perennial root ; the stalks are naked, 
 and never branch out: the cup of the llower is 
 scaly and simple, divided into nianv sesments to 
 the foot-stalk. The flowers are radiated ; and the 
 heads, after the petals are fallen olf, resemble ob- 
 tuse cones. _ Miller. 
 
 When rfamVs pied, and violets blue, 
 Aiid lady smucks all over white, 
 
 And cuckoo buds of yellow hue, 
 Do paint the meadows much bedight. Shahesp. 
 
 As he passed, the wticds put forth their blos- 
 soms, the earth her primroses and davs-eijes, to 
 behold him. " 1-loiLel. 
 
 Now hawthorns blossom, now the daisjVs spring ; 
 Now leaves the trees, and flow'rs adorn the ground . 
 
 Pope. 
 
 This will find thee picking of dairies, or smeihng 
 to a iock of hay. Addison. 
 
 Fair handed Spring unbosoms every grace ; 
 The daisy, primrose, violet. Thomson. 
 
 Dale. n,s. [dalci, Gothick ; dal, I^ut. 
 and Germ.] A low place between hills; 
 a vale ; a valley. 
 Long tost with storms, and beat with bitter 
 winds. 
 High over hills, and low adown the dale. 
 She wander'd many a wood, and measurMmanv a 
 vale. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Before the downfall of the fairy state. 
 This dale, a pleasing region, not unblest. 
 This iale pobsess'd they, and had still possess'd. 
 
 He steals along the Ionel3' dale. Thorns. Spring 
 
 Da'lliance. n. s. [from dally. ] 
 
 1 . Interchange ot caresses ; acts of fond- 
 ness. 
 
 Look thou be true : do not give dalliance 
 To much the rein : the strongest oaths are straw 
 To th' fire i' th' blood. Shakesp, Tempest. 
 
 Nor gentle purpose, nor endearing smiles. 
 Wanted ; nf>r v'^wthful dalliance, as oeseems 
 Fair couple link'd in happy nuptial league, 
 Alone as they. Milton. 
 
 ril head my people ; 
 Th.en think of dalliance when the danger's o'er : 
 My warlike <;|>irits work now another way. 
 And my soul 's tun'd to trumpets. Vnjden. 
 
 2. Conjugal conversation. 
 
 The giant, self-dismayed with the sound, 
 W liereTie with his Duessa dalliance found. 
 In haste came rushing forth from inner bow'r. 
 
 Fairv Queen. 
 
 IThat bower not mvstick, where the sapient king 
 Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. 
 Milton. 
 
 DAM 
 
 TTion claim'st me for thy sire. 
 And my fair son here show'st me, the dear pledire 
 Of dalliance had with thef in heav'ii. Miltcn. 
 
 3. Delay ; procra.stinatic>n. 
 
 Both wind and tide slav fr^r this gentleman ; 
 And I, to blame, have hefd him here too long. — 
 ^Good lord,%ou use ih'n dalliance to excuse 
 Your breach of promise. Shakesp. 
 
 Da'llier. n.s. [from dalli/.] Atrifier; 
 a fondler. 
 
 The daily dallicrs with plea*ant word*, with 
 smiling counteiiauccs, and with wagers purpose/ 
 
 ' to be Hiade 
 
 Aicham 
 
 to be lost before they were purposed 
 
 Da'llop. n.s. [of unknown etymology. 
 A tuft, or clump: not in use. 
 
 Of barley, the firirst and greenest vefind, 
 
 I^eave standinginaa/Ztij^still timevedo bind.Tuawr. 
 
 To DALLY, r.n. [^/o/Zen/Dut. to trifle.] 
 
 L To trifle; to play the fool; to amuse 
 
 one's self with idle play ; to lose time 
 
 in trifles; to procrastinate idly. 
 
 Take up thy master : 
 If thou shouldstJo/Zy half an hour, his life. 
 With thine and all that offer to defend him. 
 Stand in assured loss. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 He left his cur, and laying hold 
 Upon his arms, with courage bold 
 Cried out, *tis now no time loJuZ/y, 
 Ihe enemy begin to rally. HudUyrat. 
 
 We have trifled too hmg already : it is roadoe^s 
 to dally any longer, w hen our souls arc at stake. 
 Calamus Sermons. 
 One hundred thonsand pounds must be raised ; 
 for tliere is no dallying with hunger. Sici't. 
 
 2. To exchange caresses ; to play the wan- 
 ton ; to fondle. 
 
 He is not lolling on a lewd love bed. 
 But on his knees at meditation ; 
 Not dallying with a brace of courtezans, 
 But meditating with two deep divines. Shahesp. 
 
 3. To sport ; to play ; to frolick. 
 She her airie huildeth in the cedar's top. 
 
 And dallies with the wind, and scorns the sun. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. To delay. 
 
 They that would not be reformed by that cor- 
 rection, wherein he dallied with them, shall feel a 
 judgment worthy of God. Kisdom, xii. -z6. 
 
 To Da'lly. V. a. To put off; to delay ; 
 to amuse till a proper opportunity. 
 
 He sat down to perform service, not bv the 
 hazard of o:.e set battle, but by tia/.'i/in^ otF the 
 lime with often skirmishes. Knolies's Hist. 
 
 Dam. n.s. [from dame, which formerly 
 signified mother. Had Xcro ntverbirn 
 an emperoury shoulde na'tr his dame 
 have be slaine. Chat/cir.] 
 
 1. The mother: used of beast, or other 
 animals not human. 
 
 Tht dam rua lowing up and down. 
 Looking the way her harmless >oung one went. 
 And can v^u nought but wail her darluig loss.5/idfc. 
 
 Mother, says a sick kite, iet me have your 
 prayers.— Alas, mv child, says the dam, which «.>f 
 tlie'gods shall I go" to? VKstrange. 
 
 Birds bring but one morsel of meat at a time, 
 and have not fewer, it may be, thriT* seven or 
 eight young in the nest together, which, at the 
 return of their dams, do all at once, with equai 
 greediness, hold u|i their heads and gajie. Kay. 
 
 '2. A human mother, in contempt or de- 
 It stauon. 
 
 This brat is none of mine ; 
 It is he issue of Polixena : 
 Hence with it, and, together with the dam. 
 Commit I ell to the fire. Shakesp. H inter's Tale. 
 
 Dam. n s. [dam, Dut.] A mole or bank 
 to confine water. 
 
 As when ihc sea breaks o*er its bounds. 
 And o\erflows the level CTounds, 
 Those banks a:.d dams, uiat like a skreen 
 Did keep it out, now keep it io. Hudibras 
 
 463
 
 DAM 
 
 Not wi»h so fierce a rage the foaming flood 
 Roars, when lie finds his"rapifi course wiihstood ; 
 Bf»rs down the dams with unresisted sway. 
 And swecp'i the catileaiid tlie cots away. Drud. 
 
 Let louse the reins to all your wat'ry store, 
 Bern- dovTii the dams, and open every door. Diyd, 
 
 The hiside of the dam must he very smooth and 
 streiuht ; and rf it is made very sloping on eacii 
 «de,^it is ilic better. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Tj-' DAM. I'.ff. [bemman, popeoemman, 
 Sa.\.daiiimf7ty Diit.] 
 
 1. To confine, or shut up, water by moles 
 or dams. 
 
 I'll have the current in this place damm'd up ; 
 And here the smug and silver Frent shall run 
 lu a new channel, fair and evenly. Shakesp.H.Yl. 
 
 Hume I would go, 
 But that my doors are hateful to my ^3't^s, 
 Pill'd and aainm'd up with gapiiii^ creditors. 
 Watchful as fowlLTs when their game will spring. 
 
 Otiiiiii. 
 
 Boggy lands are fed by springs, pent by a 
 
 weight of earth, that dams in the water, and causes 
 
 it to spread. Mortimer. 
 
 'Tisyou must drive tliat trouble from your soul ; 
 
 As streams, when dammed, forget their anciejit 
 
 current, 
 And, wond'ring at their banks, in other channels 
 flow. Sinith. 
 
 2. It is used by Shakespeare of ^re, and by 
 Milton of light. 
 
 The more thou datmnst it up, the more it burns. 
 
 Shakes p. 
 Moon ! if your influence be quite damm'd up 
 With black usurping mists, some gentle ta[>er, 
 Thouizh a rush-candle from the wicker hole 
 Of some clay habitation, visit us 
 With thy lou^ levell'd rule of streaming li^ht. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 DA'MAGE. n.s, [damage, Tr,] 
 1. Mischief; hurt; detriment. 
 
 Gross errours and absurdities many commit for 
 want of a friend to tell ihem of them, to the great 
 damage both of their fanit^ and fortune. Bacon. 
 
 Such as were sent from thtnce did commonl v 
 do more liurt and damage, to ilie Engli5h subjects 
 than tu the Irish enemies, by their continual cess 
 and extortion. Daries. 
 
 He repulsed tbe enemy very much to their da. 
 mage. Clarendon. 
 
 2". Loss; mischief suffered. 
 
 His licart exalts him in tlie harm 
 Already done, to have dispeopled heav'n. 
 My damage fondly dt-cm a I MUten. 
 
 5. The vakie of mischief done. 
 
 They believed that they were not able, though 
 they sliould be willing to sell all they have in Ire- 
 land, to pay tlie damages which had Been sustained 
 by the war. Clarendon. 
 
 4. Reparation of damage ; retribution. 
 
 The bishop demanded reslilution uf the spoils 
 taken by the Scuts, oi dantngcs iui the same. Bacou. 
 
 Tell me whether, upon exhibiting the several 
 particulars which I have related to you, I may 
 nut sue her for damages in a court of justice ' 
 
 Addison. 
 
 5. [In law,] Any hurt or hindrance that 
 a man taketh in his estate. In the com- 
 mon law it particularly signifies a part of 
 what the jurors he to enquireof ; for, af- 
 ter verdict given of the principal cause, 
 the}' are likewise asked their consciences 
 touching costs, which are the char<>*es of 
 suit, and damages, which contain the 
 hindrance which the plaintiff, or deman 
 dant hath suffered, by means of the 
 wrong done him by the defendant or 
 tenant. Cowtll. 
 
 When the judge had awarded due damages to a 
 person into whose field a ntighboar's oxen had 
 broke, it is reported that lie reversed his own sen- 
 tence, when he heard that the oxen, which had 
 done this nuschief, were his own. W<Uls. 
 
 D A ]\I 
 
 To Da'mage. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 mischief; to injure ; to impair; to hurt; 
 to harm. 
 
 1 consider time as an imnicnse ocean, into 
 wliich nianv noble authors are entirely swajlovred 
 up, many very nnicli shattered and (^(i"//('/»C(/, some 
 quite disjointed uud broicen into pieces. Addison. 
 
 Tu Dam AG R. v.n. To taiie damage, or 
 be (lainarjeil. 
 
 Da'mage ABLE. ai/J. [from damage.] 
 
 1. Susceptible of hurt: as, damageable 
 good.'-.. 
 
 •2. Mischievou.'? ; pernicious. 
 
 Obscene and immodest talk is offensive to the 
 purity (jf God, f/amu^eflft/e and infectious to the 
 nniocence of our neighbours, and most pernicious 
 to ourselves. Cnyvernmerit af the Tongue. 
 
 Da'masceNE. n. s. [ditmascinus, from 
 Damascus.] \ small plum ; a dam- 
 son, as it is now spoken. 
 
 In April follow the cherry-tree in blossom, the 
 damascene and plum-trees in blossom, and the white 
 thorn in leaf. Bacon. 
 
 In fruits the white commonly is meaner, as in 
 
 pear plums and damascenes; and the choicest 
 
 plains are black. Bacon. 
 
 DA'M.ASiV. n. s. [damasquin, Fr. damas- 
 
 chino, Ital. from Damascus.] 
 
 1. Linen or silk woven in a manner in- 
 vented at Damascus, by which part, by 
 a various direction of the threads, exhi- 
 bits flowers or other furms. 
 
 Not any weaver which his work doth boast 
 In diaper, damask, or in lyne. Spenser. 
 
 Wipe your shoes, for want of a clout, with a 
 dam<isk napkin. Swift's Rules to Servants. 
 
 2. It is used for red colour in Fairja.r, 
 from the damask rose. 
 
 And for some deale perplexed was her spirit. 
 Her damask\nte, now chang'd to purest white. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 To Da'mask. i\ a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To form flowers upon stuft's. 
 
 2. To variegate ; to diversify. 
 
 They sat recline 
 On the soft downy bank, daniask'd with Sowers. 
 
 Milton. 
 Around him dance the rosy hours, 
 And damasking the ground with fjow'rs, 
 W ilh ambient sweets perfume the mom. Fenton. 
 
 3. To adorn steel- work with figures ; prac- 
 tised, I suppose, first at Damascus. 
 
 Damask-plum. See Plum. 
 Damask-rohe. n. s. The rose of Da- 
 mascus; aredro.se. See Rose. 
 
 Damask-rosi's have not been known in England 
 above one hundred years, aud)iow are so common. 
 
 Bacon. 
 No gradual bloom is wanting from the bud. 
 Nor broad carnations, nor gay spotted pinks, 
 Nor, sliower'd from ev'ry bush the damask-rose. 
 
 Ttwmsim. 
 Da'maskenin'G. n. s. [from dumasqui- 
 ner, Fr.] The art or act of adorning 
 iron or steel, by making incisions, and 
 filling them up with gold or silver wire : 
 used in enriching the blades of swords, 
 and locks of pistols. Chambers. 
 
 D.VME. n.s. [f/rt»if, Fr. rffl.>Hfl, Span.] 
 1. A lady ; tile old title of honour to wo- 
 men. 
 
 The word dame originally signified a mistress 
 of a family, who was a'ladv ; and it is used still 
 in the English law to signity a lady ; but in com- 
 mon use, liow-a-days, it represents a farmer's 
 wife or a mistress of a family of the lower rank in 
 the country. Watts'sLogick. 
 
 Bless you, fair dame ! I am not to you known. 
 Though uiyour stale of honour I am perfect. Shak. 
 
 T> A ^l 
 
 Not al) these lords do vex me half so much 
 As that proud dome, the lord protector's wife.5Aak, 
 Shutyour mouth, dame! Shaktsp. King Lear. 
 Sov'reign of creatures, universal dame! %IiUon, 
 
 2. It is still used in poetry for women of 
 rank. 
 
 His father Faunus ; a Laurentlan dame 
 His motlu r, fair Alarica was her name. Dryd 
 
 Who would not repeat that bliss, 
 And frequent sii;ht uf such i\dame 
 Buy wiih the hazard of liis fame ? Waller, 
 
 3. Mistress of a low family. 
 
 They killed the poor cock ; fur, say they, if it 
 were not for his waking our da/jje, she wnJld not 
 wake ns. ^ L'Estrange. 
 
 4. Woman in general. 
 
 We've willing dames enough ; there cannot be 
 That vulture in you, to devour so many 
 As will to greatness dedicate themselves. Shak, 
 
 Dames-violet, n.s. A plant, called al- 
 so queen's gillyflower. Miller, 
 TriDAMN. v.c. [damno, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To doom to eternal torments in a future 
 state. 
 
 It is most necessary, that the church, by doc- 
 trine and decree, do (/cmn and send to hell for ever 
 those facts and opinions. Bacon. 
 
 2 . To procure or cause to be eternally con- 
 demned. 
 
 That wliich he contiimes ignorant of, having 
 done the utmost lying in his power that he migbt 
 not be ignorant of it, shall not damn hvu. 
 
 South' s SermoriB, 
 
 5. To condemn. 
 
 His own impartial lliought 
 Will da/nn, and conscience will record the fault. 
 
 Dryden. 
 4. To hoot or hiss any publick perform- 
 ance ; to exptode- 
 
 Theydumn themselves, nor will my muse descend 
 To clap with such w ht» fuols und knaves commend. 
 
 Dryden. 
 For the great dons of wit, 
 Phcehus gives them full ()rivilege alone 
 To ri(7m?i all others, anil cry up their own. Dryd. 
 Vou are so good a criiick, that it is tlie greatest 
 happinet-s of tlie modern poets that you do not 
 hear their works ; and, next, that you are not so 
 arrant a critick as to damn them, 'like the rest, 
 without hearing. Pope. 
 
 Da'mnable. adj. [from damn.] 
 
 1. Deserving danmauon ; jusily doomed 
 to never-ending punishment. 
 
 It gives him occasion of labouring with greater 
 earnestness elsewhere, to entangle unwary minds 
 with the snares of his damnable opinion. Hooker. 
 
 He 's a creaiure uiipreparM, unmeet for deatli ; 
 And to transport him ui llie mind he is 
 Were damnable. Shakesp. Meas-forMeas. 
 
 As he does not reckon every schism of a damn- 
 able nature, so he is far from closing wiih the newr 
 opinion of those who make it no crime. Swift. 
 
 2. It is soiTictimes indecently used in a 
 low and ludicrous sense ; odious ; per- 
 nicious. 
 
 O thou rfamnat/e fellow ! did not I pluck thee by 
 the nose for thy speeches ? Shak. Meas.J'or Meas. 
 
 Da'mnably. adiK [from damnable.] 
 
 1. in such a manner as to incin- eternal 
 punishment ; so as to be excluded from 
 mercy 
 
 We will propose t)ie question, whether those 
 who hold the fundamentals of faith may deny 
 Christ damnably, in respect of tliose consequences 
 that arise from ihcm? Sonth's Sermons 
 
 2. It is indecently used in a ludicrous 
 
 sense ; odiously ; hatefully. 
 
 The more sweets they bestowed upon there, 
 the more damrtahly their conserves stunk. Den'iut. 
 
 Damnation, n.s. [from rfaww.] Exclu- 
 sion from divine mercy ; condemnation 
 to eternal punishment. 
 
 464.
 
 DAM 
 
 He that liath been affrighted with the fears of 
 hell, or reiiKMiibers how often he halh been spared 
 from an horrihie damnation, will not be ready to 
 strangle his brother for a lrifle._ 
 
 Taijlor's Wm-thy Communicant. 
 Now mince the sin, 
 And moUifv damuatian with a phrase : 
 Say you consented not to Sanciio's death, 
 But barely not forbade it. Dryden. 
 
 Da'mnatory. adj. [from damnntorius.] 
 Containing a sentence of condemnation. 
 Da'mned. port. adj. [from damn.] Hate- 
 t'ul ; detrstable ; abhorred ; abominable. 
 
 Not in the legions 
 Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn'd 
 In evils to top Macbeth. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Let not the roval bed of Denmark be 
 A couch for lu.iirry and damned incest. 
 
 iiliakesp. Hamlet. 
 But, oh ! what damned minutes tells he ov'r, 
 Who doats, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly 
 loTes. Shalxsp. 
 
 Dare not 
 To brand the spotless virtue of my prince 
 With falsehoods of most base and damned con- 
 trivance, liiiwe. 
 
 Damnific, adj. [from damnify.'] Pro- 
 curing loss ; mischievous. 
 
 To Da'mnify. v. a. [from damnifico, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To endamage ; to injure ; to cause loss 
 to any. 
 
 He, who has suffered the damage, has a right 
 to demand in his own name, and he alone can 
 remit, satisfaction : the damnified person has the 
 power of appropriating the goods or service of 
 the otlender, by right of self-preservation. Locke. 
 
 2. To hurt; to impair. 
 
 When now he saw himself so freshly rear. 
 As if late tight had nought him damnified. 
 He was dismay'd, and 'gan his fate to fear. 
 
 Fiiiry Queen. 
 Da'mningness. n. s. [from damning.] 
 Tendency to procure damnation. 
 
 He may von- never to return to those sins w^hich 
 he hath had such experience of, for ti-.e emptiness 
 and damningness of them, arid so think himself a 
 complete penitent. Hammond. 
 
 Damp. adj. [dampe, Dut.] 
 
 1. Moist ; inclining to wet ; not complete- 
 ly dry ; foggy. 
 
 She said no more : the trembling Troians hear, 
 O'erspread with a damp sweat and holy fear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Dejected ; sunk ; depressed. 
 
 All these and more came flocking, but with 
 looks 
 Downcast and damp : yet such wherein appear*d 
 Obscure some glimpse' of joy. Milton. 
 
 DAMP. n. s. 
 
 1. Fog ; moist air ; moisture. 
 
 Night ; not now, as ere man fell, 
 Wholesom and cool, and mild ; but with black 
 
 air 
 Accompanied, with damps and dreadful eloom. 
 
 " Milton. 
 A lift there was, wliich from the mountain's 
 height 
 ConveyVi a glimmering and malignant light j 
 A breathing-place to draw the damps away, 
 A twilight of an intercepted day. Dryden. 
 
 2. A noxious vapour exhaled from the 
 earth 
 
 The heat of the sun, in the hotter seasons, pe- 
 netrating the e.xterior parts of the earth, excites 
 those mineral exhalations in subterraneous ca- 
 verns, which are called rfiinijw ; these seldom ha[f- 
 pen but in the summer-time; when, the hotter 
 tJie weather is, the more frequent are the damps. 
 
 ]Voodieard. 
 
 3. Dejection ; depression of spirit ; cloud 
 of the mind. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D A X 
 
 Adam, by this from the cold sudden dump 
 Recov'ring, and his scatler'd spiritj rcturn'd. 
 To Michael thus his humble words addrcss'd. 
 
 Mitton. 
 His name struck every where so great a dump. 
 As Archimedes through ilie Komm camp. Host. 
 Kv'n now, while thus 1 stand blest in thy pre- 
 sence, 
 A secret damp of grief coines o'er my thoughts. 
 
 .4ddtstm. 
 An eternal slate he knows and confesses that 
 he has made no provision for, tJiat he is undone 
 for ever : a prosjject enough to cast a damp over 
 his sprightliest hours. , Ho^^rrs. 
 
 This commendable resentment against me, 
 strikes a damp upon that spirit in all ranks and 
 corporations of men. ouijt 
 
 To Damp. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To wet ; to moisten ; to make humid. 
 
 2. To depress ; to deject ; to chill ; to dull. 
 
 The very loss of one pleasure is enough to 
 damp the relish of another. L'Kstrange. 
 
 Dread of death hangs over the mere natural 
 man, and, like the hand-writing on the wall, 
 damps all his iollity. .-Itterljiiri/. 
 
 It would be enough to damp their warmlh in 
 such pursuits, if they could once reflect, that in 
 such course they will he sure to run upon the very 
 rock they mean^to avoid. Su-ift. 
 
 3. To weaken ; to abate ; to hebetate ; to 
 
 discourage. 
 
 A soft body dampeth the sound much more than 
 a hard. Bacon. 
 
 4. To hebetate ; to abate motion ; to dis- 
 courage ; to dull. 
 
 Usury dulls and damps all industries, improve- 
 ments, 'and new inventions, wherein money would 
 be stirring, if it were not for this slug. Bacon. 
 
 Unless an age too late, or cold 
 Climate, or years, damp my intended wing 
 Depress d. Milton. 
 
 Da'mpishness. n. s. [from damp.] Ten- 
 dency to « etness ; fogginess ; moi.-iture. 
 
 It has been used bv some with great success 
 to make their walls thick ; and to put a lay of 
 chalk between the bricks, to take away all dump- 
 ishneiS. ^"<^""- 
 
 Dampness, n. s. [from damp.] Mois- 
 ture ; fogginess. 
 
 Nor need they fear the dampTiess ot the sky 
 Should flag their wings, and hinder them to tly ; 
 'Twas only water thrown on sails too dry. Dryden. 
 
 By stacks ihev often have very great loss, hv 
 the damjmess of the ground, whicli rots and spoils 
 jj_ Mortimer. 
 
 Dampy, adj. [from damp.] Dejected; 
 glooiTiy ; sorrowful. 
 
 The lords did dispel dampy thoughts, whicli 
 the remembrance of his uncle might raise, by ap 
 plving him with exercises and disports. Hayuard 
 Da'msel. «. s. [damoiselle, Fr.] 
 
 1. A young gentlewoman ; a young wo- 
 man of distinction : now only used in 
 
 verse. 
 
 Kneelin^', 1 mv servant's «miles implore,^ 
 And one inad damsel dares dispute my pow'r 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. An attendant of tlie better rank. 
 
 With her train of damsels she was gone 
 In shady walks, the scorching lieat to shun. 
 
 ■' Dryden. 
 
 3. A wench ; a country lass. 
 
 The clowns are whoremasters, and the damsels 
 with child. C.ii/. 
 
 Damson, n. s. [corruptly from damas- 
 cene.] .A. small black plum. See Da- 
 mascene. 
 
 I\Iy wife desir'd some damsons. 
 And made nW climb with danger of my Wte.Shak. 
 Dan. n. s. [from dominus, as now <■/<!» 
 in Spain, and donna, Ital. from domina.] 
 
 DAN 
 
 The old term of honour for men as we 
 now say Masltr. I know not that it 
 was ever Used .n prose, anil imagine it 
 to have been rather of ludicrous import. 
 Don Chaucer well of English uiidefiled. 
 
 Douglan. 
 Tills whimpled, whining, purblind, wayward 
 boy. 
 This signor Junio's giant dw arf, dan Cupid. Shah. 
 
 Dick, if this story pie iseih thee. 
 Pray thank dan Poi'w, who told it nie. 
 
 Friar's Alma, 
 
 To DANCE, t'. a. [dansir, Fr. duni^ar. 
 Span and some think from lunzar, 
 Arab, a dance ; as Junius, who loves to 
 derive from Greek, thinks, from i~i»;ffi«.] 
 To move in measure; to move with 
 steps correspondent to the sound of in- 
 struments. 
 
 What say you to young .Mr. Fenton ? He 
 ca|iers, he iances, he has eyes of youth, lie writes 
 verses. Shaktsp. 
 
 To Dance Attendance, v. n. To wait 
 with simpleness and obsequiousness. 
 
 Men are sooner weary t<) dance attendance at the 
 gates of foieign lords, than to tarrv the good lei- 
 sure of their own magistrates. Ualeigh's Essays. 
 
 It upbraids v<m. 
 To let your father's friend, for three long months. 
 Thus dance attendance for a word of audience, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Dance, v, a. To make to dance; to 
 put into a lively motion. 
 
 Thy grandsire lov'd thee well ; 
 Many a time he danc'd thee on his knee. Shakesp. 
 
 That I see thee here. 
 Thou noble thing ! more dances my rapt' heart. 
 Than when I first ray wedded mistress *aw 
 Bestride my threshold. iViafcfsji. Coriolanys. 
 
 In pestilences, the malignity of the uifcc.ing 
 vapour danceth the principal spirits. iiacon. 
 
 Dance, n. s. [from the verb.] A motion 
 of one or many in concert, regulated by 
 niusick. 
 
 Our dance of custom, round about the oak of 
 Heme the Hunter. Shakesp. M. Wilts of Windsor. 
 
 The honourablest part- of talk is to give the 
 occasion, and again to moderate and pass to some- 
 what else ; for then a man leads the dance. Bacon. 
 
 But you perimps expect a modish feast, 
 Vi itb am'rous songs and wanton dances grac'd- 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 Da'ncer. n. s. [from datict:] One that 
 practises the art of dancing. 
 
 He at Philippi kept 
 His sword e'en like a dancer, while I strook 
 The lean and wr'mkled Cassius. Shakesp. 
 
 fllusicians and dancers '. take some truce 
 With these your pleasing labours ; for great use 
 As much weariness as peiiection brings. Utnnr. 
 
 1 he earl was so far from being a good dancer, 
 tliat he » as no graceful goer. W'af.on. 
 
 It is a usuarpfactice for our funarobulours, or 
 dancers on tlie rope, to attempt somewhat like to 
 fivinjj. II itkins. 
 
 "He, perfect dniiccr .' cUmbs the rope. 
 And balances your fear and hope. Prier. 
 
 Nature. I thought, perform'd loo mean a part. 
 Forming her movements to the rules of art ; 
 And, veid, I found tliat the musican's hand 
 Had o'er the dancer's mind too great command. 
 
 Priw. 
 
 Da'NCINGMASTER. n.s. [dance and mas- 
 ter.] One who teaches the art of danc- 
 ing. 
 
 •Tlie apes were taught their apes tricks by a 
 danci>igt««sl«r. VEstrange. 
 
 The legs of a dancingmastcr, and the fingers of 
 a musician, fall, as it were, naturally, wiiliout 
 thought or pains, into regular and admirable mo- 
 tions. '.Mcke on CHderaontltng. 
 
 S O 465
 
 D A N 
 
 Da'ncingschool. n. s [dancing and 
 sihoul.] The school where the ait of 
 d.inciiiff is taufjht. 
 
 Thfv liid us to liie English dtnirin^-schoiils^ 
 And leacli lavollas liigli, and »wil't courantos ; 
 Saying our gract: Is cniy in our heels. Shukesp. 
 
 A ctTtaiu Egyptian king endowed a dancing- 
 scluiol for ihe inslru.tiou of apes of quality. 
 
 VEstrange. 
 
 Dande'lion. n. s. [dent de lion, Fr.] 
 The name of a plant. 
 
 It agrees in all respects with tlie hawkweed, but 
 only in its having a single naked stalk, with one 
 flower upon the top. Miller. 
 
 For cowsli[>s sweet, let rfdia/e/ions spread : 
 For Bl'iuzelinda, blitiisoinc maid, is dead.' 
 
 Ga\fs Fastornh. 
 
 Da'ndiprat. U.S. [dandin, Fr.] A lit- 
 tle follow; an urchin: a word used 
 soinetinies in fondness, sometimes in 
 contempt. 
 
 To DA'NDLE. v. a. [dandekn, Dut.l 
 
 1. To shake a child on the knee, or in the 
 hands, to please and quiet him. 
 
 Then shall ye suck, ar.d shall be born uDon her 
 sides, and he dandtai upon her knees. haiuh. 
 
 Thy little brethren, which, like fairy sprights, 
 Oft ski|i into our chamber those sweet nights, 
 And kiss'd and dcjndled on thy father's knee, 
 Were brib'd next day to tell what they did see. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Courts are but superficial schools 
 To dandle fools. , Bacon. 
 
 Sporting the lion ramp'd, and in his paw 
 Dandled the kid. Mdlon. 
 
 JMotion occasions sleep, as we find by the com- 
 mon use of rocking froivard children in cradles, 
 or dandling, them in tlicir nurses arms. Tdlotion. 
 
 2. To fondle ; to treat like a child. 
 
 Their child shall be advanc'd. 
 And be received for the emperor's heir ; 
 And let the emperor dandle him for his own. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They have put me in a silk gown, and a ganuy 
 
 fool's cap ; I am ashamed to be dandled thus, and 
 
 cannot look in the glass without blushing, to see 
 
 myself turned into such a little pretty master. 
 
 Acldison^s Guardian. 
 
 3. To delay; to procrastinate ; to protract 
 by trifles ; not in use. 
 
 Captains do so dandle their doings, and dally 
 in the service, as if Ihey would not have the ene 
 my subdued. Sjiciiscr 
 
 Da'ndler. n s. [from dnndle.l He that 
 
 dandles or fondles children. 
 Da'ndruff. n. s. [often written don- 
 driff, from 'can the itch, and bpop sor- 
 did, filthy.] Scabs in the head; scurf 
 at the roots of the hair. 
 Da'nevvort. n. .1. A species of elder; 
 
 called also dwarf elder, or wallwort. 
 DA'NGER. n. s. [danger, Fr. of uncer- 
 tain derivation. Sliinner derives it from 
 damnum, iMinage from angaria, Rlin- 
 shcw from Jan&- death, to which Junius 
 seems inclined.] Uisque ; hazard ; peril. 
 They that sail on the sea, tell of the danger. 
 
 Eccltis. xliii. 24. 
 Our craft is in danger to be set at nought. 
 
 Acts, X. 27. 
 He hath writ this to' feel my affection to your 
 honour, and to no other pretence of danger. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 IVIore danger now from man alone we find, 
 Thau from tlie rucks, the billows, and the wind. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 To Danger, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 put in hazard ; to endauj^er. 
 Pomjiey's sun stands up 
 For the main soldi'er ; whose quality going on. 
 The sides o' th' world may danger. Shakesp. 
 
 DAN 
 
 Da'ngerless. adj. [from danger.] With- 
 out hazard; without risque ; exempt 
 from danger. 
 
 He shewed no levs magnanimity ill dangerleis 
 despising, than oilers in dangerous art'ecting, the 
 multiplying of kingdoms. iitdney. 
 
 Da'ngerous. adj. [from danger.] Ha- 
 zardous ; perilous ; full of danger. 
 A man of an ill tongue is dangerous in his city. 
 
 Ecclus. ix. 
 All men coimsel me to take away thy life, like- 
 ly to bring forth nothing but dangerous and wick- 
 ed ell'ects. Sidnei/. 
 
 Already we have conquer'd half the war. 
 And the less dangerous part is left behind. UiT/rffii. 
 
 Da'ngeroiisly. adr. [from dangerous.] 
 Hazardously ; perilously ; with danger. 
 
 But for your son, believe it, oh believe it, 
 Most (;ij7i5''raus/i/ you have with him prevail 'd. 
 If not most mortal to him. Shakesp. Cariolanus. 
 
 A sort of nauglity persons 
 Have practis'd dangerouslii against your state, 
 Dealing with witches .and' with conjurors. iViiitep. 
 
 It is just with God to |}erniit those, which 
 
 think they stand so surcly.to fall most dangerouslii. 
 
 Hammond on Fuitdarnentah. 
 
 Plutarch says, TelcsiUa, a nohlc lady, being 
 dangerously sick, was advised to ap|jly her mind 
 to poetry. Feacham. 
 
 If it were so, which but to think weie pride, 
 Mv constant love wouW dangerously be tried. 
 
 ■^ o :/ Dryden. 
 
 Da'ngerousness. ". s. [from dange- 
 rous.] Danger ; hazard ; peril 
 
 I shall not need to mind you of judging of the 
 dangerousness of diseases, b'y the mildness of the 
 part alf'ected. Hoyle 
 
 7b DANGLE, v.n. [from /wng-, accord- 
 ing to Skinner; as, hang, hangle, dan- 
 gle.] To hang loose and quivering. 
 
 Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks.ATiufe. 
 He'd rather on a gibbit dangle, 
 Than miss his dear delight to wrangle, Hudihras. 
 
 Codrus had but one bed ; so short, to boot. 
 That his short wife's short legs hung dangling 
 out. Dryden. 
 
 With dimgling hands he strokes th' imperial 
 robe. 
 And with a cuckold's air commands the globe. 
 
 Smi^ . 
 But have you not with thought beheld 
 The sword hang dangling o'er the shielil ? Prior. 
 
 2. To hang upon any one ; to be an hum- 
 ble, useless, harmless follower. 
 
 The presbyterians, and other fanaticks that 
 dangle after tliem, are well incrined to pull down 
 the present establishment. Soift. 
 
 Dangler. ". s. [from dangle.] A man 
 that hangs about women only to waste 
 
 time. 
 
 A dangler is of neither sex. lialph. 
 
 DANK. adj. [from tuncken, Geririan. 
 Skinner.] Damp ; humid ; moist ; 
 wet. 
 
 He her the maiden sleeping found 
 On the dunk and dirty ground. Shakesp. 
 
 Yet oft they quit 
 The dank, and rising on slitf pinions tour 
 The mid aereal sky. Milton. 
 
 Through each thicket, dank or dry, 
 Like a black mist, low creeping, he held on 
 IIJs midnigiit seaich Mdton. 
 
 Now that the fields are dank, and ways are mire, 
 V. here shall we sometimes meet, and by '1''',^ 
 Help waste a sulhn day ? •" '' 
 
 By Ihe rushv-fringed bank, 
 Where prows t'lie willow and the osier dank, 
 aiy sliding chariot stays. ^ ^■ 
 
 Me, in njy vow d 
 Picture, the sacred wall declares t' have hung 
 My dank and drooping weeds 
 To the stern god of sea. 
 
 Milto 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 D A R 
 
 To wash the skins of bcasls and fowls herewith, 
 would keep them fiom growing dank in moist 
 weather. Ci'fu>. 
 
 Da'nkish. adj. Somewhat dank. 
 
 They bound me, bore me thence. 
 And in a dark and dankish vault at home 
 There left me. Shakesp. 
 
 To Dap. v.n. [corrupted from rfi/?.] To 
 let fall gently into the water; a word, I 
 believe, only used by anglers. 
 
 I have taught him how to catch a chub, by 
 dapping with a grasshopper. Walton. 
 
 Dapa'tical. adj. [from dapaticus, Lai.] 
 Sumptuous in cheer. Bailey. 
 
 DAPPER, adj. [dapper, Dut.] Little 
 and active ; lively without bulk. It ia 
 usually spoken in contempt. 
 
 And on the tawny sands and shelves. 
 
 Trip the pert fairies" and the (ia;)/icv elves. Milton. 
 
 A pert dapper spark of a nia!;pie fancied the 
 
 birds would never be governed till himself should 
 
 sit at the helm. L Estrange. 
 
 DA'pPEELlNG.n. s. [from dapper.] A 
 dwarf; a dandiprat. Ainstvorth. 
 
 DAPPLE, adj. [from apple; as pommelc.] 
 Blarked with various colours; varie- 
 gated ; streaked ; imbricated ; it is 
 used chiefly of animals. 
 
 Wy country neighbours do not find it impossi- 
 ble to think of a lame horse, till they have run 
 over all beings that are, and then pilcli on dapple. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 To Da'pple. v. a. [from the adjective.] 
 To streak; to vary ; to diversify with 
 
 colours 
 
 But under him a grey steed did he wield. 
 Whose sides with dappled circles were endight. 
 
 Spenser. 
 The gentle day 
 Dapples the drowsy cast witli spots of grey. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Horses that are dappled turn white; and old 
 squirrels turn grisly. Bacon. 
 
 The lark begins his flight, 
 Friun his waleh-tower in the skies, 
 TrII the dappled dawn doih rise. Millort 
 
 The dappled pink, and blushing ruse. 
 Deck my charming I hloe's hair. Prior. 
 
 The gi'ds, to curse Pamela with her pray'rs, 
 Gave the gilt coach and dappled Flanders marcs. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Dar. \n. s. A fish found in the Severn. 
 Dart. ) Bailey. Dart is the same with 
 
 Daee. 
 To DARE. V. n. pret. I durst \ the pre- 
 terite / dared belongs to the aclive dure ; 
 part. I have dared [Geapjian, Sax. der- 
 ren, Dut.] To have courage for any 
 purpose : not to be afraid ; to adven- 
 ture, to be adventurous. 
 
 Varest thou be as good as thy word now > 
 
 Why, Hal, thou kilowest, as "thou art but a man. 
 I dure ; but as thou art a prince, I fe.ar lliee. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I dare do all that may become a man ; 
 Who dares do moic, is none. Shakesp. 
 
 They aie both haneed ; and so would this be, 
 if he dur.1t steal any Onng adventurously Shakesp. 
 
 Neither of them was i3 that temper as to dare 
 any dangerous fact. Hayward. 
 
 'ihe i.ah' r bore it with undaunted soul, 
 Like one who durst his destiny controul. Drydert. 
 
 Deliberate and well-weighed courage knows 
 both to be cautious and to dare, as occasion oflers. 
 
 Dryde^i. 
 
 We dare not build much upon such a netion or 
 doctrine, till it be very fully examined. Watt*. 
 
 To Dare. v. a. pret. / dared, not i 
 dmst. To challenge ; to defy. 
 
 460
 
 D A R 
 
 f never in my life 
 Did hear a cli;ilii*ngf iiri^'d more modestly, 
 Unie«s a briUfier siiuuM a brother dure 
 To gentle exercise aiuJ pronf of arms. Shake^. 
 
 Here she stiinds : 
 Take but possession of her wjtli a touch ; 
 I dare tliee but to breathe upon my luvc. Shakesp. 
 He iiacl many dnvs come liaif seas over ; and 
 soraetime'* pabsnig further, ciiine and lav at the 
 mouth of the harbour, during ihem to fight. 
 
 Knolles. 
 
 Masters of the arts of policy thought that lliey 
 
 mieht even defy and dare Providence to the face. 
 
 ^ ^ South. 
 
 AH cold, but in her breast, I will despise ; 
 
 And dare all heat but that in CciJa's eyes. 
 
 Ritscnmnum. 
 Time ! I dare thee to discover 
 Such a youth, and such a lover. Dryden. 
 
 Presumptuous wretch ! with mortal art to dare 
 Immortal power, and brave the thunderer. 
 
 Granvitte. 
 
 To Dare Larks. To catch them by means 
 of a looking-glass, or by keeping a bird 
 of prey hovering aloft, which keeps them 
 in a maze till caught ; to amaze. 
 
 Shrimps are dipped up in shallow waler with 
 little round nets, not much unlike that which is 
 used for daring larks. Carew. 
 
 As larks lie dard to shun the hobby's flight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Dare. n. s. [from the verb.] Defiance ; 
 challenge. 
 
 Sextus Pompt-ius 
 llath given the dare to Cajsar, and commands 
 The empire of the sea. Skake.'ip. 
 
 Dare. n. s. A small fish, the same with 
 dace. Leuciscits. 
 
 Dare'ful. adj. [dare a.ndfuU.] Full of 
 defiance ; not in use. 
 
 We might have met them dareful, beard to 
 beard, 
 And beat them backward home. Shahesp. 
 
 Da'ring. adj. [from rfflre.] Bold; ad- 
 venturous; fearless; courageous; intre- 
 pid; brave; stout. 
 
 The last Georgick has many metaphors, but 
 not so dariu^ as this ; for human passions may be 
 more naturr.IIy ascribed to a bee than to an in- 
 animate plant. Addhon. 
 The song too daring, and the theme too sreat. 
 
 ^ Prior. 
 Grieve not, O darinz prince, that noble hcari. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Da'ringly. adv. [from darhig.] Bold- 
 ly ; courageously ; fearlessly; impu- 
 dently ; otUrageously. 
 
 Some of tiie great jjrinciples of religion are 
 every day openly and daringly attacked fr(;m the 
 press. " AUcrbury. 
 
 Your brother, fir'd with his success. 
 Too darin^tu upon the foe did press. Halifax. 
 
 Da'ringness. n. s. [from daring.] 
 
 Boldness. 
 DARK. adj. [&L'onc, Sax.] 
 
 1. Not light ; wanting light. 
 
 Fleance, his son, who keeps him companv, 
 llnst end)race the fate of th;it dark howr. Shakesp. 
 
 While we converse wilh her, we mark 
 No want of day, nor tliink it dark. Waller. 
 
 2. Not oP a showy or vivid colour. 
 
 If t^e p ague be somewhat dark, and tlie plaj;ne 
 spn-ad not in the skin, tlie priest shall pronounce 
 him clean. Levilicns. 
 
 In Muscovy the generality of the people are 
 more inclined to have dark coloured hair than 
 flaxen. Bovle. 
 
 3. Blind ; without the enjoyment of light. 
 
 Thou wretched daughter of a dark old man. 
 Conduct my weary steps. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus 
 
 1) A 11 
 
 4. 0|)ake; not transparent: as, lead is a 
 (lark body. 
 
 5. Obscure; not perspicuous 
 
 What may si-ciii dark at the first, will aftcr- 
 
 wardi Ik' fuulid inorf [tlain. Hooker. 
 
 Mean time we iliall i-xjiress QW darker purjtost*. 
 
 Shakesjt. 
 
 0. Not enlightened by knowledge ; igno- 
 rant. 
 
 The age, wherein lie liv'd, was dark ; but he 
 Could not want sight, who taught tlic world to 
 see. Denlium^ 
 
 7. Gloomy ; not cheerful. 
 
 All men of dark tempers, aecordinc to their de- 
 gree of melancholy or enthusiasm, niuv find con- 
 vents fitted to tliL-ir humours. Addison on Jtaly. 
 
 Dark. n. s. 
 
 1. Darkness; obscurity; want of light. 
 
 Come, thick night. 
 And pall thee in the dvnniest smi,ke of hell. 
 That my keen knife see not the wound it makes ; 
 Norhcav'n peep through the blanket of the dark. 
 To cry, hold! liold ! _ Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Cloud and ever-during dark 
 Surrounds nie ! from the cheerful ways of men 
 Cut olt'. ' MiUo/i. 
 
 Whereas seeing requires lisht, and a free me- 
 dium, and a right line to the objects, we can hear 
 in the dark immur'd, and by curve lines. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 2. Obscurity ; condition of one unknown. 
 
 All he says of himself is, that he is an obscure 
 person ; one, I suppose he means, that is in the 
 dark. Atlerburu. 
 
 3. Want of knowledge. 
 
 Till we ourselves perceive by our own nntler- 
 standiiigs, we are as nuich in the dark, and as 
 void of knowledge, as before. Locke. 
 
 To Dark. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 darken ; to obscure ; obsolete. 
 
 Fair when that cloud of pride, which oft doth 
 dark 
 Her goodly light, with smiles she drives away. 
 
 Speiisa-. 
 
 To D.Veken. v. a. [from dark.] 
 
 1. To make dark ; to deprive of liglit. 
 
 Black wilh surrounding forests then it stood. 
 That hung above, and darken'd all the flood. 
 
 Addison . 
 Whether the darken'd room to muse invite, 
 Or wliiten'd wall provoke the skew'r to write. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 2. To cloud ; to perplex. 
 
 Such was his wisdom, tliat his confidence did 
 seldom darken hiaforesight, especially in things 
 near hand. Bacon. 
 
 3. To foul ; to sully. 
 
 The lusts and passions of men do sully and 
 darken their minds, even by a natural infiuence. 
 
 TiUotson. 
 
 To Da'rken. v. n. To grow dark. 
 Darkling. [.\ participle, as it seems, 
 from darkle, whicli yet I have ne\er 
 found ; or perhaps a kind of diminutive 
 from dark, as yums, ijoiingling:.] 
 Being in the dark; being without light : 
 a word merely })oetical. 
 O, wilt thou darkling leave me ? do not so. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Darklinr^ stands 
 The varying shore o' th^ world. Shakesp. 
 
 The wakeful bird 
 Sings darkling, and, in shadiest covert hid. 
 Tunes her nocturnal note. Milton. 
 
 Darkling they mourn their fate, whom Circe's 
 pow'r. 
 With words and wicked herbs, from human kind 
 Had alter'd, and in brutal shapes confiu'd. Driid. 
 
 Da rkly. adv. [from dark.] In a situa- 
 tion void of light ; obscurely; blindly; 
 gloomily ; uncertainly. 
 
 D A R 
 
 For well you know, and can record ;tl(>ne, 
 What fain tu fuiurc tiuies cuiive^s but darkif 
 du wn. Dryden. 
 
 Darkness, n. s. [from dark.] 
 
 1. Absence of light. 
 
 Darkness was upon tlie face of Ihe dcep.OfnaUm 
 
 I git whence 1 shall not return, evert to the land 
 
 of darkntK and tJie shadow of death. Job, 
 
 2. Opakeness; want of transparency. 
 
 3. Obscurity ; want of perspicuity, diffi- 
 cultness to the understanding. 
 
 4. Infernal gloom ; wickedness, 
 
 'ihe instrumeBts of darkness tell us truths ; 
 \\ in us with honest trilles, to betray us 
 In deepest consequence. Shakesp. 
 
 5. State of being intellectually clouded ; 
 
 ignorance ; uncertainty. 
 
 All the light truth has, or can have, is from 
 tile clearness and validity of those proofs upon 
 which it is received ; lu'talk of any other light 
 in Ihe understanding, is to put ourselves in the tiarfe, 
 or in tlie j>ower of the prince o( Harkiitss. Locke. 
 
 G. The empire of Satan, or the Devil. 
 
 VVh'f hath delivered u» from the power of dari^ 
 ness, and translated us into the kingdom of his 
 dear Sun. Cotvisian$. 
 
 Da'rksome. adj. [from dark] Gloomy; 
 obscure; not well enlightened ; not lu- 
 minous 
 
 He bronghi him thro' a ('urfoome narrow pass 
 
 To a hroad gale. ^ptnicr. 
 
 And her fair eyes, like stars that dimmed were 
 
 With darksome cloud, nuw shew their c^'odly 
 
 beams. Sfttnser. 
 
 You must not look to have an image in any 
 
 thing lightsome ; for even a face in iron, red-hot, 
 
 will not be seen, the liuht confounding the small 
 
 ditieret.cesof lightsome and i^ar^mc, which >hew 
 
 the figure. Bacim, 
 
 A darksome cloud of locusts, swarming duwn, 
 
 Must eat, and en the ground leave uuthiug green. 
 
 MiUon. 
 He, here with us to be, 
 FoTsonk the courts of everlasting day, 
 And chose wiili usatfar/cs«>7nehouse of mortal clay. 
 
 Milton, 
 IVIistaken blessing, which old age they call, 
 'Tis a Ion?, nasty, cfar^^me hospital. Dryden. 
 Ihe darksome pmes, that o'er yon rocks recliu'd. 
 Wave hiph, and murmur to tlie hulluw wind. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Da'rling. adj. [seojiling, Sax. dimi- 
 nutive of dfar.] ravourite; dear; be- 
 loved ; regiirded with great kindness 
 and tenderness. 
 
 'Tis not for a generous prince to countenance 
 oppression and injustice, even in his most darting 
 tavouriles. L' Lstrangc. 
 
 Have a ciite lest some belov'd notion, or s me 
 darling science, too far prevail over your mind. 
 
 Mutts. 
 
 Da'rling. n. s. A favourite; one much 
 beloved. 
 
 Young Ferdinand they suppose is drown'd. 
 And hi?* and mv luv'd darling. Hhakesp. 
 
 In Thames, the ocean's darling, England's pride, 
 The pleading emblem of iiis reign doe> glide. 
 
 Haii/iix, 
 She became the darling of the princess. .-Irffiw-m, 
 
 To Darn. v. a. [of uncertain original,] 
 To nitnd holes by imitating the texture 
 of the stutF. 
 
 Will she thy lineti wash, or hosen darn ? Offy. 
 
 He spent everv daj- ten hours in his cUi^el, hi 
 darning his stockings, which he performed to ad- 
 miration. Hiiitt. 
 
 Darnel n. s. [loltum.] A weed grow- 
 ing in the fields. 
 
 4fi7
 
 1) A S 
 
 lie was met ev'n now 
 Crnwn'd wiiN r.mk f.imiiiT ;iml furrow-weeds, 
 Darnd, nu(\ ;ill itu' idle weeds that grow 
 III u'jr bustidniiii; corn. Shakesp. 
 
 \ . ;nit ve corn for bread ! 
 '^Wits full fif dnn'iH ; dn Y"ii lil^*^ ll'c taste. S/ja/t. 
 
 No iViiitfiii crtiji die sickly lidds rftiirn ; 
 But oats and darnd choHk the rising corn, Dryd. 
 
 7bDA'RRA!N. i\ a. [This word is by .A/- 
 niut ivferr«(l to dare: it seems to me 
 more probably deducible from arran- 
 ger ia batinilU' ] 
 
 1. To prepare for battle; to range troops 
 f<»r battle. 
 
 Tlu- tuun-boys parted in twain, the one side 
 
 calling tlu'iiisclves Pitiiipeians the other Ca-swri- 
 
 ans ; and llsen durrninin^ a kind of battle, but 
 
 widiout arms, the Casanans m>\ the over liand. 
 
 Ciirew's Snrrt'u of CoiUu-nU. 
 
 Comes Warwick, backinej of ihe dtdie of \'ork ; 
 Darrein _V">ii' battle ; fur tlicy are at hand. Shrike. 
 
 2. To ijp.ply to thefi^ht; of single com- 
 batants. 
 
 Theri'wiih tiiev 'gan to Inivieti greedily, 
 "Redonblerl baUlo readv to darraine. Spemer. 
 
 DAllT. «. s, [dard, Fr.] 
 
 1. A missile weapon thrown by the hand; 
 a small lance. 
 
 Here one is wounded or slain with a piece of a 
 
 rock or tlint, there another with a dart^ arrow, 
 
 or iance. Peacham. 
 
 O'erwhelin'd with darts, which from afar they 
 
 flint;. 
 
 The weapons round his Iiullow temples rine. 
 
 Vrydcn. 
 
 2. [In poetry.] Any missileweapon. 
 
 To Dart. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To throw oMensively. 
 
 He wets his tusks, and turns, and dares the 
 war ; 
 Tli* invaders dart tlieir jav'lins from afar. Vryden. 
 
 2. To throw; to emit; as, the sun darts 
 his beams on the earth. 
 
 Pan came, and ask'd what niagick caused my 
 smart ; 
 Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart. Pope. 
 To DArtT. V. n. 
 
 1. To fly as a dart. 
 
 2. l^o let fly Avith hostile intention. 
 
 Now, rfnrfijio- Parthia, art thou struck. S/to^-esp. 
 
 To DASH. V. a, [The etymology of this 
 word, in any of its senses, is very 
 doubtfid.] 
 
 1 . To throw or strike any thing suddenly 
 against something. 
 
 If you doih a stone against a stone in the bot- 
 tom of the water, it maketli a sound. Beam. 
 
 A man that cuts himself, and tears his own 
 flesh, and dashes his head against the stones, does 
 not act so unreasonably as the wicked man. 
 
 Till ot Sim. 
 
 2. To brrak by collision. 
 
 They that stand high have many blasts to shake 
 them ; 
 And, if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces. 
 
 Siiakesp. 
 David's throne sliall then be like a tree, 
 Spreading and tiversliad'wing all the earth; 
 Or as a stone, that sliall to pieces dash 
 All monarchies besides throughout the world. 
 
 Mitton. 
 
 3. To throw water in flashes. 
 
 Diishing water on them may prove the best re- 
 medy. Mortimer. 
 
 Middling his head, and prone to earth his view, 
 W'ith cars and chest that dash the morning dew. 
 
 Tickd. 
 
 4. To baspatter ; to besprinkle. 
 
 This tempest, 
 Dashing the girment of this peace, aboded 
 Xlie sudden breach on't. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 DAS 
 
 5. To agitate any liquid, so as to make 
 the fiu'face fly off'. 
 
 At once the blushing oars and bra^^en prow 
 Daih up the sandy waves, and ope the depths be 
 luw. Drpden. 
 
 6. To mingle; to adnlterate; to change 
 by some worse admixture. 
 
 Whacum, bicd lo duslt and draw. 
 Not wine, but moie unwhulesome l;nv. Ijudibras 
 
 1 take care to dash the character wiih such ])ar- 
 ticular circumstances, as may prevent ill-natured 
 applicaliiiiis. " Addi.<ion, 
 
 Several reveided truths are dashed and adnlic- 
 rated wiih a mixture of fables and human inven- 
 tions. Spectator, No. 5H0, 
 
 7. To form or sketch in haste ; carelessly. 
 
 Never was dusli'd t/ut, at one lucky hit, 
 A luol So just a copy of a wit. Pope, 
 
 8. To olillterate ; to blot ; to cross out. 
 
 To d.isk over lliis with a line, will deface the 
 whole copy e\treuiely, and to a degree that, I 
 fear, may displease you. Pope. 
 
 9. To confound ; to make ashamed sud- 
 denly ; to surprise with sliame or fear; 
 to depress; to suppress. 
 
 His tongue 
 
 Dropp'd manna, and could make the worse appear 
 The better reason, lo perplex and dash 
 IMaturei^t councils. Milton. 
 
 Yearly enjoin'd, some say, to undergo 
 This aimual, huudjiing certain number'd days, 
 To dash their pride and joy for man seduc'd.. 'lli^t. 
 
 An unknown liand still ciieck'd my forward joy 
 Dash'd nie with liUislies.Dri/rfcn and Lie's Oedipus. 
 
 I'o dash this cavil, read but the practice of 
 Christian emperors. South 
 
 After they had sufficiently blasted him in his 
 personal eapacity, tliey found it an easy work to 
 dash and overthrow liini in his political. Soidk 
 
 Nothing dashed the confidence uf the route like 
 the braying of the ass, while he was dilating upon 
 his genealogy. L'Estrange. 
 
 The nymph, when nothmg coul<i Narcissus 
 move, 
 Still dash'd with blushes foi her slighted iove. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Some stronger yiow'r eludes our sickly will ; 
 Dashes our rising hope with certain ill. Prior. 
 
 Dash the proud gamester in his gilded car ; 
 Bare the mean heart that lurks beneath a star. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Dash. v. w. 
 
 1. To fly off the surface by a violent motion. 
 
 If the vessel be suddenly stopt in its motion, 
 tlic liquor continues its motion, and dashes over 
 the sides of the vessel. Cheyne. 
 
 2. To fly in flashes with a loud noise. 
 
 On each hand the gu?^hing waters play. 
 And down the rough cascade, all da&hing, fall. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 3. To rush through water, so as to make 
 
 it fly, 
 
 Dueg, tho* without knowing how or why, 
 Spun- a boldly on, and dash'd thro' thick and thin. 
 Thro' sense and nonsense, never out or in. Dryd. 
 
 Dash, w, s. [from the verb,] 
 
 1. Collision. 
 
 By the touch ethereal rous'd, 
 TheV/fl-sft of cluuds, or irritating war 
 Of fighting winds, while all is calm below, 
 They furious spring. llionison. 
 
 2. Infusion ; something worse mingled in a 
 small proportion. 
 
 There is nothinc which one regards so much 
 with an eye of mirth and pity, as imiocence, when 
 it has in i't a dash of folly. AddUion. 
 
 3. A mai'k in writing : a line , to note 
 
 a pause, or omission. 
 
 He is afraid of letters and characters, of notes 
 and dashes, which, set together, do signify no- 
 thino'. Brown s Vulvar Prrours. 
 
 DAT 
 
 In modern wit, all printed trash is 
 Set iff with niHii'rous breaks and iltiibes. SiLift. 
 4. Sudden stroke ; blow ; act: ludicrous, 
 
 Sti-nd bnek.you lords, and give us leave awhile, 
 Sh; takes upon licr bravely at tirst dash.Shak, 
 
 Dash, ttilv. An expression of the sound 
 ot" water dashed. 
 
 ilark, hark, the waters fall ; 
 And, with a niurniurinf^ sound, 
 Ditsh, clash, upon the ground, 
 To gentle slumbers call. Tiryden. 
 
 DA'.ST.MID. n. s. [aoaj-rpija, Sax.] A 
 coward ; a poltron ; a man infamous 
 for fear. 
 
 'J'he cruelty and envy of the people, 
 Permit led by our dastard nobles, 
 Have siiti'cr'd me by Ih' voice of slaves to be 
 \Mi(top'd out of Rome. Shakesp. 
 
 \V ho now my taatcliiess valour dare oppose ? 
 How long w iJl Dares wait his dastard foes ? Dryd. 
 
 Da-.lu}d and drunkard, mean and insolent j 
 Tongue-valiant liero, vaunter of thy might. 
 In threats the foremast, but the last in fiiht.Drt/A 
 
 Bug-bear thoughts, in the minds of children, 
 make them dastards, and afraid of the shadow of 
 darkness ever after. Loche. 
 
 Curse on their dastard souls, they stand asto- 
 nished ! Addism. 
 To Da'staru. v. a. To terrify; to inti- 
 midate; to desert with cowardice; to 
 dispirit. 
 
 I'm weary of this flesli which holds us here. 
 And dastards manly souls with hope and fear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 ToDa.stardi.se. v. a. [horn dastard.] 
 To intimidate ; to deject with cowadice ; 
 to dispirit : to depress ; to terrify ; to 
 make an habitual cowaixl. 
 
 He had such things to urge against our mar- 
 riage, 
 -\s, now dcclar'd, would blunt niy sword in battle. 
 And dastardisc my courage. Dryden. 
 
 Da'stardly. adj. [from dastard.] Cow- 
 ardly ; mean ; timorous. 
 
 Brawl and clamour is so arrant a mark of a 
 da..:tardty wretch; that be does as good as call liim- 
 self so that uses it. L'Esirange. 
 
 Da'stardy. n. s. ffrom dastard.] Cow- 
 ardliness ; timorousness. 
 
 Da'tary. n. s. [datarius.] An officer of 
 the chancery of Rome, through whose 
 hands benefices pass. Diet. 
 
 DATE. n. s. [dalle, Fr. from datum, Lat.] 
 
 1. The time at which a letter is written, 
 marked at the end or the beginning. 
 
 2. The time at which any event happened. 
 
 3. The time stipulated when any thing 
 shall be done. 
 
 His da3's and times are past. 
 And ray reliance on his fracted dates 
 Has smit my credit. Shakesp. Timan. 
 
 My father's promise ties me not to time ; 
 And bonds witnout a date, they say, are void. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. End ; conclusion. 
 
 What tiiue would spare, from steel receives its 
 date ; 
 And monuments, like men, submit to fate. Popt. 
 
 5. Duration ; continuance. 
 
 Could the declining of this fate, friend. 
 Out date to imiuortality extend ? Denham. 
 
 Then raise. 
 From the conflragant mass, purg'd and refin'd. 
 New heav'ns, new earth, ages of endless date, 
 Founded in rigiitcousness. Millon. 
 
 6. [from daclylus.] The fruit of a date-tree. 
 
 Hold, take tliese keys, aiwl fetch more spices, 
 imrse. 
 —They call for dates and quinces in the pastry. 
 
 Shahesy. 
 
 468
 
 D A U 
 
 Date-tree. n. s. See Palm, of which 
 it is a species. 
 
 To Date. v. a. [from the noun.] To note 
 with the time at which any thing is 
 written or done. 
 
 'Tis all one. in respect of eternal duration yet 
 behind, whether we begin the world so niany mil- 
 lions of ages aao, or date from liie laic a;ra of 
 abottt six thousand years. JieuiUii. 
 
 To all their dnled l)acks he turns you round ; 
 Tliese Aldus iirintcd, those Du Sued has bound. 
 
 Da'teless. adj. [from date.] VVidiout 
 any fixed term. 
 
 The Uy-slow hours shall not determinate 
 The dntttess lijnit of ih_y dear exiles. Shake^, 
 
 Dative, adj. ](lalivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. [In grammar.] The epithet of the case 
 that signifies the person to wliom any 
 thing is given. 
 
 2. [In law.] These are termed dative exe- 
 cutors, wlio are appointed such by the 
 judge' s decree; as administrators wit! 
 us here in England. Aylifft. 
 
 To DAUB. V. a. [duhhen, Dut. dauber, Fr.] 
 1. To smear with something adhesive. 
 
 She took for him an ark of hulirushes, and daub- 
 ed it with sii'oe and with pitch. Eiodus. 
 a. To paint coarsely. 
 
 Hasty ditid)intr will but spoil the picture, and 
 make it so unnatural as must want false li<;Iit to 
 eet it off. rtlirav. 
 
 Thev snatched out of his hands a lame impei 
 feet piece, rudely daubed over with too lidle re- 
 flection. Dryden. 
 ]f a picture is daubed with many bright and 
 
 f;larin^ colours, tlie vulgar admire it is an excel- 
 ent piece. Wutts. 
 
 3. To cover with something specious or 
 gross, sometliing that disguises what it 
 lies upon. 
 
 So smooth he (?a»fc'(f his vice with sliew of virtue. 
 He liv'd from all attainder of suspect. Shakesji 
 
 4. To lay on any thing gaudily or Oatenta 
 tiousl}'. 
 
 Since princes will have such things, it is better 
 they should be graced with elegancy, ihsindiuibed 
 with cost. Baom. 
 
 Let liiiu he daub'd w ilh lace, live high, and whore; 
 Sometimes be lousy, but be itever poor. Dryden 
 B. To flatter grossly. 
 
 Let every one. therefore, attend the sentence 
 of his e-'Hscience ; for, lie may be sure, it wil 
 not daub nor flatter. South 
 
 To Daub v. n. To ])lay the hypocrite : 
 this sense is not in u^e. 
 
 I cannot daub it further ; 
 And yet I must. Shakesp. 
 
 Da'uber. n. s. [from daub.] 
 
 1. One that daubs. 
 
 2. A course low painter. 
 
 What they called his picture, had been drawn 
 at length by the daubers of aJmostall nations, and 
 still unlike him. Vruden. 
 
 Parts of different species jumbled together, ac- 
 cording to the mad imagination of the danher, to 
 cause laughter. Dryden. 
 
 A sigji-post dauber would disdain to paint 
 The one-eyed hero on his elcphan-t. Dryden. 
 
 The treacherous tapster, Tliomas, 
 Hangs a new angel Iwo doors from us, 
 As tine as diiubers hands can make it. Swi/'l. 
 
 3. A low flatterer. 
 
 Daiibuy. n. s. [from daub.] An old 
 word for any thing artftil. 
 
 She works by charms, by spells ; and such 
 
 dauhrii as this is beyond our clement. Shakesp. 
 
 Da'uby. adj. [from daub.] Viscous j 
 glutinous; adliesive. 
 
 DAW 
 
 Not in vain th' industrious kind 
 With dauby wax and flow'rs ihe chinks hhve lin'd. 
 
 Some the fi^all'd ropes with daubu niarting l)ind, 
 Or sear-c!olh masts with string tarpawUng coats. 
 
 Unjiitn. 
 
 Daughter, n. s. [dauhtar, Gothick, 
 bohreji, Sax. dot (cry Runick; dokitr, 
 Cierm. dochtcr, Dut.] 
 
 1. The female offspring of a man or wo- 
 man. 
 
 Your wives, your daughters. 
 Your matrons, and your* maids, cuuld not fill up 
 The cistern of ni_v lust. iikahe^p. 
 
 Now Aurora, tlati^fitcr of the dawn, 
 VVitli rnsv histrc purpled o'er the lawn. Pope. 
 
 2. A daughter in law, or son's wife. 
 
 3. A woman, 
 
 Jacob went out to see the daughters of tlie land. 
 
 Gcnciis . 
 
 4. [In poetry.] Any descendant. 
 
 5. The female jienitent of a confessor. 
 
 Are v»iu at leisure, holy father, now , 
 Or sliaTl I come to you at evening mass f — • 
 —My leisure servos rae, pensive daughter, now. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To DAUNT. V. a. [domter, Fr. dom- 
 tare, Lat.] To discourage ; to fright j 
 to intimidate, 
 
 Fairfa.'t, whose name in arms thro' Europe rings, 
 And fills all nioulhs %\ith envy or with praise. 
 And all her jealous monaichswiih amaze, 
 And rumours loud, which daunt remotest kings. 
 
 Miaon. 
 
 "Where the rude ax, with heaved stroke. 
 Was never heard the nymphsto'/aunf, 
 Or fright them from their hallow'd haunt. Milt(m. 
 
 Some presences daunt and discourage us, when 
 others raise us to a brisk assurance. Cljui'dle. 
 
 Da'untles.s. adj. [from daunt.'] Fear- 
 less ; not dejected ; not discouraged. 
 
 Grow great by your examine, and put on 
 The dauntless spirit of resolution. Shakesp. 
 
 Dauntless he rose, and to the hght return'd : 
 With shame his glowing cheeks, iiis eyes with 
 
 fury burn'd. Druden's Viigil. 
 
 He, not by wants or woes oppress'd. 
 Stems the bold torrent witL a dauntless breast. Drvd. 
 
 The utmost weight of affliction from ministerial 
 power and popular hatred, were almost worth 
 bearintf, for the glory of such a dauntiess conduct 
 as he has sheun under it. Pope. 
 
 Da'untlessness. 71. s, [^rom dauntless.'] 
 Fearlessness. 
 
 Daw. n. s. [supposed by Skinner so 
 named frcm his note ; by Junius to be 
 corrupted from daul ; the German tnl, 
 and doi in the Baravian dialect, liaving 
 the same signification.] The name of a 
 bird. iMintdulu. 
 
 1 will wear my heart upon my sleeve. 
 
 For dnics to peck at Sfiakesjt. Othello. 
 
 If death do quench us quite.we have great wrong. 
 
 That daics, and trees, and rocks should last so Kmg, 
 
 When we must in an instant pass to nought. /'dWa. 
 
 The ioud rfflU', his throat displaying, draws 
 The whole assembly of his fellow daws. IVdller. 
 
 DAWK. n. s, A cant word among tJie 
 workmen for a hollow, rupture, or inci- 
 sion, in their .stuff. 
 
 OL'serve If any hollow or daipks be in the length. 
 
 Mrjon. 
 
 7b Dawk. v. a. To mark «itli an incision. 
 
 Should thev a|>fily that side of the tool the 
 edge lies on, "tlie swift coining about of ihe work 
 wdnid, where a bmall irregularity of stulV sliuuld 
 hapi>en, jobb the e<lge iulo the stuti', aud so dauk 
 
 it. Mourn. 
 
 To DAWN. r. «. [stippo.^cd by the ety- 
 mologists to have been originally to 
 daycuy or advance towards day.] 
 
 DAY 
 
 1. To grow luminous; to begin to grow 
 light. 
 
 1 have been troubled in ray sleep this night ; 
 But dawning day new comfort hath inspir o. Shak, 
 
 As it began to dawn, towards the first day of 
 the week, came Mary Magdalene to sec thcM^pul* 
 chre. hlatthev. 
 
 All night I slept, oblivious of my pain ; 
 Aurora ttau-^'d and I'hcehus »hin'cl iii vaiu. Pcfc. 
 
 2. 'i'o glimmer obscurely. 
 
 A Rfimauist, friini the very first dawning of 
 any notiuiis in his underhlanding, hatli this prin- 
 ciple constantly inculcated, ihist he aixnA, believe 
 as the church. Locki. 
 
 :j. To begin, yet faintly; to give some 
 promises of lustre or eminence. 
 
 While w'c behold &uch dauullej»» worth appear 
 In datfning youth, and souU so void of (tur.Urifd. 
 
 Thy h. nd strikes lul som- free design, 
 \\ lica life awakes and dau:ns at evcrj line. Pope. 
 
 Dawn. n. s. [from tlie verb.] 
 
 1. 'ihe time between the first appearance 
 of light and the sun's rise, reckoned 
 from the time that the sun comes M'ithin 
 eighteen degrees of the horizon. 
 
 Then on to-morrow's dawn your care employ 
 To search the laud, but give tljis day to joy.DryJ. 
 
 2, Begmning; first rise. 
 
 These tender circumblanccs dldfuse a dawn of 
 serenity over tlie soul. Pope. 
 
 Such their guiltless passion was. 
 As in the dawn i f time inf(jrm'd the heart 
 Of innocence and undissembling truth, 'filfction. 
 
 DAY. n. s. [toseg, Sax.] 
 
 1. The time between the rising and set- 
 ting of the sun, called the artificial day. 
 
 Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matthew. 
 
 Of night impatient, we demand the day ; 
 The day arrives, tlien for the night we pray ■ 
 The night and day successive come and c'j. 
 Our lasting pains uo interruption know.fRucAmorc. 
 
 Or object new 
 Casual discourse draws on, which intermits 
 Our days work. Mi ton. 
 
 2, The time from noon to noon, or from 
 midnight, to midnight called the natural 
 day. 
 
 How niaiiy liours bring about the day^ 
 How many daus will finisli up the year. Shakftp. 
 ;5. Light ; sunshine. 
 
 Let us walk honestly, as in he day ; not in 
 rioting aud drunkenness. HoinaftSt 
 
 The westyet j:limiuers with somf streaks of ti'tii;: 
 Nww 5-j)urs ihe luted traveller apace, 
 To gain the timely inn. Shakesp. ^facbctk. 
 
 Around the liehls did nimble lightning play. 
 Which ort'er'd us by Ills, and ^nateh'd ttie t/Jy : 
 'i\lids; ihis was beard the shrill and lender crv 
 Of well-pleas'd ghosts, which in the storm di<f fly. 
 
 Drviien. 
 
 Yet are we able only tc survey 
 Dawnings of beams, and promises of day. Prvyr. 
 
 4. Any time specified and distinguished 
 fix>m other time; an age; the time. 
 In this sense it is generally plural. 
 
 After him reigned Gutlieline his heir, 
 TJie justest man and truest in hi* days. Fairif Q. 
 
 I think, in these days, one huuLst man is obliged 
 to acquaint another who are l»is friei^ds. Pope. 
 
 We have, at this time of day, better and more 
 certain means of inforiuatiou than they had. 
 
 Wondtra^d. 
 
 5. Life: in this sense it is commonly plural. 
 He nevtr in his days broke his word; 
 that is, in his uhole life. 
 
 He ^^as never at a loss in hisfjuvs for a fretfueut 
 answer. Carte's Life cf O^tumide. 
 
 6. The day of contest; the contest; the 
 battle. 
 
 His name 6trur^ fear, hie conduct won the day ; 
 He came, he san, he seiz'd tlie fttruggliug prey. 
 
 ItofComatim. 
 
 469
 
 DAY 
 
 The noble thanes du l)ravelv in the war; 
 The ddij almost itself prules-ses ^'ours, 
 And little is to do. Skake^p. Macbeth 
 
 Would you th' advitntage of the right del.iv, 
 If, striking first, you were tu win tlic day? Dryd. 
 
 7. An appointed or fixed time. 
 
 Or if my debtors do Tint keep their day. 
 Deny their h;tnds, and llieu refuse to pay, 
 I must with patience all the terms attend. Dri/den. 
 
 8. A day appointed for some commemora- 
 tion. 
 
 The field of Amncoiirt, 
 Fouglit on the day of Crispin Crispianus.5/iafcf5;). 
 
 9. From day to day \ without certainty or 
 continuance. 
 
 BavMri.i hath been taught, that merit and ser- 
 ▼ice doth objige the Sjianiard but/rom day to day. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To-Day. On this day. 
 
 To-day, if ye will hear his voice, harden not 
 your hearts. Psalm. 
 
 The past is all by death possest, 
 And frugal fate, that guards the rest, 
 
 15y giving, bids us live to-day. Fenton. 
 
 Da'ybkd. «. s. [day and bed.] A bed 
 used for idleness and luxury in the day- 
 time. 
 
 Calling my officers about me, in my branched 
 velvet gown; having come down from a daybed, 
 where I have left Olivia sleeping. 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 Da'ybook. 71. X. [^vom day am} book.] A 
 
 tradesman's journal ; a book in whicli all 
 
 the occurrences of the day are set down. 
 
 Da'ybreak. n. s. [day &nd break.] The 
 
 dawn ; the first appearance of light. 
 
 1 wafch'fl the early glories of her eyes, 
 As men fur daybreak watch tlie Eastern skies. Dri/fZ. 
 
 Dayla'eour. n. s. [day and labour.] 
 Labour by the day ; labour divided into 
 daily tasks. 
 
 Doth God exact daylahour, light denied, 
 I fond'y ask ? Mdtan. 
 
 Daylahour was but an hard and a dry kind of 
 livelihood lo a man that could get au estatewit!i 
 two or three strokes of Ins pen. South. 
 
 Dayla'bourer. 11. X. [from day labour,] 
 One that works by the day. 
 
 In one night, ere glimpse of morn, 
 His shadowy flaii hath thresh'd the corn 
 That ten duulahourei'S could not end. Milton. 
 
 The daylabourer, in a country village, has com- 
 monly biit a small pittance of courage. Locke. 
 
 Daylight. ?i. s. [day and light.] The 
 light of the day, as opposed to that of 
 the moon, or a taper. 
 
 By this the drooping daylight 'gan to fade. 
 And yield his room to sad succeeding night 
 
 rairy Q,ueen, 
 Thou shall buy this dear, 
 If ever 1 tliy face by daylight see. 
 Now go thy way. Shnkesp. 
 
 They, by daylight passing through the Turks 
 fleet, recovered the liaven, to the joy of tlie be- 
 sieged (.'hiistians. hnolles. 
 
 He stands in daylight, and disdains to hide 
 An act, to which b^' honour he is tied. Dryden. 
 
 Will you murder a man iu plain daylight ?Uryd. 
 
 Though rough bears in covert seek defence. 
 White foxes stay, with seeming Innocence ; 
 That crafty kind with d.iuUght can dispense. Dry<^ 
 
 If bodies be illuiiiiii;;ied by the ordinary pris- 
 malick ci-iDurs, lliey wiH appear neither of their 
 own daylight colours, nor of the cr)lour of the 
 light cast on them, but of some middle colour be- 
 tween bnth. Newton s Opticks. 
 
 Day-lilv. 71. s. The same with Aspho- 
 del, which see. 
 
 Da'ysman. n. s. [day andman.] An old 
 word for umpire, Ainsivorth, Perhaps ! 
 rather, surety. 
 
 D A Z 
 
 For what art tliou, 
 That mak'st tlijst-if his daysman, to prolonjj 
 The vengeance prest ? " Fairtt Queen. 
 
 Da'yspring. n.s. \(la>/ »nd spri?i^.] The 
 rise of the day ; the dawn ; the first ap- 
 pearance of lifrht. 
 
 So alt ere duiisitring, under conscious niglit, 
 Secret they finlslrd, and in order set. l\IiUon. 
 The breath of heav'n frcsh-L'lowing, pure aiul 
 sweet, 
 Witii daysfning born, here leave nie to respire. 
 
 iMHton. 
 Da'ystar. n. s. [day and star.l The 
 morning star. 
 
 I meant to nial<e her fair, and free, and wise. 
 Of ^^reatest bio 'd, and yet more eood than great : 
 
 1 meant the day&tar sfiould not orighter rise, 
 Nor lend like intiuence from his lucent seat. 
 
 Ben Jonsm. 
 Sunk though he he beneath the watry tioor ; 
 So sinks the dai^-star in the ocean bed, 
 ."inri yet anon repairs his drooping head. Milton. 
 
 Da'ytime. n. s. [day an'] (imi\] The 
 time in which there is light : opposed 
 to night. 
 
 In the daytime Fame sitteth in a watcli-tower, 
 and flieth liiost by night; she raingieth things 
 done with things not done, and is a terror to great 
 cities. Bacon. 
 
 My arits never brought out their corn but in the 
 night when the moon did shine, and kept it unrler 
 grotnid in the dnyiime. Addison. 
 
 Da'ywork. n.s. [day and work.'\ Wori* 
 iinposed by the day ; daylabour. 
 
 True labour in the vineyard of thy lord. 
 Ere prime thou hast th' imposed daywork done. 
 
 Faijjax. 
 
 To DAZE. V. a. [bpoes, Sax.] To over- 
 power with light ; to strike with too 
 strong lustre ; to hinder the act of see- 
 ing by too much light suddenly intro- 
 duced 
 
 They smote the glistering armies, as they stand, 
 
 Witii quivering beams, which daz'd the wcudVing 
 
 eye. Fairfax. 
 
 Poor liunian kind, all daz'd in open day. 
 
 Err after bliss, and blindly miss their way. Drt/rf. 
 
 Da'zied. adj [rather dtisied. See Dai- 
 sy.] Besprinkled with daisies. 
 
 Let us 
 Find out the prettiest dazied plot we can, 
 And make him a grave. Sliakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 To Dazzle, v. a. [See DAZE.] 
 
 1. To overpower with light ; to hinder the 
 action of the sight by sudden lustre. 
 
 Fears use to be represented in such an imaginary 
 fashion, as they rather dai'Je men's eyes than 
 oi)en them. _ Bacon. 
 
 How is it that some wits are interrupted, 
 That now they dai\tcd are, now clearly see ? 
 
 Davies. 
 
 2. To strike or surprise with splendour. 
 
 Those heavenly sUapes 
 Will dazzle now this earthly with their blaze 
 Insurterably bright. Milton 
 
 The places that have either shining sentiments 
 or manners, have no occasion for them : a dazzling 
 e.\pre*sion rather damages tiieui, and serves only 
 to eclipse their beauty. Pope. 
 
 All, friend ! to dazzle let the vain design; 
 To raise the thought, or touch the heart, be tliine. 
 
 Pope. 
 To Dazzle, i'. n. To be overpowered 
 with light; to lose the power of sight. 
 Dazzle mine eyes ? or do 1 see three suns ? 
 
 !:>hakesp. 
 Come, boy, and go with me ; thy sight is young. 
 And you shall read when mine begins to dazzle. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 An overlight-maketh the eyes dazzle, insonmch 
 as perpetual looking against" the sun would cause 
 blindness. Bucon. 
 
 D E A 
 
 I dare not trust these eyes ; 
 They dance in niists» and dazzle with surpnzi*. 
 
 Dryden* 
 DE'ACON. n. s. [diaconus, Lat.] 
 
 1. One of the lowest of the three orders 
 of the clerg-y. 
 
 Likewise must the deacons be grave. 2 Tim. iii. 8. 
 
 The constitutions that the apostles made con- 
 cerning c/eacn^w and widows, are very iinporlunely 
 urged. "Bp. Satiderson. 
 
 2. [Iu Scotland.] An overseer of the poor, 
 
 3. And also the master of an incorporated 
 company. 
 
 Dt'ACONESS. w. s. [from deacon.] A fe- 
 male officer in the ancient church. 
 De'aconry \7t. s, [from deacon.] The 
 De'aconship. j office or dignity of a 
 deacon. 
 
 DEAD. adj. [feeab, Sax. dood, Dut.] 
 1. Deprivetl of life; exanimated. 
 
 The c|ueen, my lord, isdead: 
 
 She should have died hereafter 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 A brute or a man are another thing, when they 
 
 are alive, from what thev are when dead. Hale. 
 
 She either from her lio[)eless lover tied. 
 
 Or with disdainful glances shut him dead. Dri,d. 
 
 With ()/ before the cause of death. 
 
 This Indian told thciu, that, mistaking their 
 
 course, the crew, all except himself, were dead or 
 
 hunger. ^ ^ Ailmthnot. 
 
 3. Without life; inanimate. 
 All, all but truth, drops deu(i-born from the 
 
 press. 
 Like the last gazette, or like the last address. P(ipe. 
 
 4. Imitating death; senseless; motionless. 
 At thy rebuke, O Gud of Jacob, both the cha- 
 riot and hurt-e are cast into a dead sleep. Psalms. 
 
 Anointing of the forehead, neck, feet, and 
 backbone, we know is used for procuring deaa 
 sleeps. ^ ^ Bacon. 
 
 5. Unactive; motionless. 
 The tin sold sometimes higher, and sometimes 
 
 lower, according to the (piick vent and abun- 
 dance, or the dead sule and scarcity. Carew. 
 
 Nay, there's a time « hen ev'n the rolling vear 
 Seems to stantl still ; dead calms are in tlie ocean. 
 When not a breath disturbs the drowsy main. Lee, 
 
 They cannot hv&v tlie dead weight of unem- 
 ployed time lying upon their bands, nor the un- 
 easiness it is to do nothing at all. Locke. 
 
 6. Empty ; vacant. 
 This colour often carries the mind away, yea, 
 
 it deccivelh the sense ; and it secmeth to the eye 
 a shorter distance of way, if it he all dead and 
 continued, llian if it have trees or buildings, or 
 any other marks whereby the eye may divide it. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Nought hut a blank remains, a dead vo'ui space, 
 
 A step of life, that pnmiis'd sucli a race. Druden. 
 
 7. Useless; unprorttable. 
 The comuiodiiies of the kingdom tliey took, 
 
 though they lay dead upon their hands lor want 
 of vent. Bacon. 
 
 Persuade a prince that he is irresistible, and he 
 ^vill take care not to let so glorious au attribute 
 lie dead and useless by liim. Addison. 
 
 8. Dull; gloomy; unemployed. 
 Travelling over Amanus, then covered with 
 
 deep snow, they came hi the dead winter to Alep- 
 po. Knoilei. 
 There is something unspeakably cheaiful in a 
 Sj'ot of ground which is covered with trees, that 
 smiles amidst all the rlg(»urs of winter, and gives 
 ns a view of the most gay season in (he midst nf 
 that which is the most dead and melancholy. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 9. Stili ; obscure. 
 
 Their flight was only deferred until they niiglit 
 cover their disorders by the dead darkness of the 
 night. Hayuard. 
 
 10. Having no resemblance of life, 
 
 ' 470
 
 D E A 
 
 At a second sitting, thongh I alter not the 
 draut;ht, 1 must toucli the same features over 
 apain, and change the dead culourin^ of the 
 whole. Dtydcn. 
 
 11. Obtuse; dull; not sprightly: used of 
 sounds 
 
 We toolt a bell of abotit two inches in diame- 
 ter at the bottom, which was supported in the 
 midst of the cavity of the receiver by a bent sticlv, 
 in whicli when it was closed up, the bell seemed 
 to simr.d more dend Ihan it did when just before it 
 Bounded in the (tpcn air. Bottle. 
 
 12. Dull; frigid; not animated; not af- 
 fecting. 
 
 How cold and dead does a prayer appear, that 
 is com[)osed in the most elegant forms of speech, 
 when it is not brightened by soleainity of |ihra«e 
 from the sacred writings. Addison. 
 
 1 3. Tasteless ; vapid ; spiritless ; used of 
 liquors. 
 
 14. Uninhabited. 
 Somewhat is left under dead walls and dry 
 
 ditches. Arbuilinot. 
 
 15. Without the natural force or efficacy ; 
 as, a dead Jire. 
 
 16. Without the po%ver of vegetation: as, 
 n dead bi>tis:h. 
 
 17. [Ill theology.] The state of spiritual 
 death, lying under the power of sin 
 
 You hath he quickened, who were deid in tres- 
 passes and sins. Kphes. ii. 1. 
 
 The Dead. n. s. Dead men. 
 
 Jove saw from bi^h, with just disdain. 
 The dead inspir'd with vital life a;^ain. Drijdejt. 
 
 The ancicni Romans generally buried their ^eo</ 
 near the great roads. Addhtm. 
 
 That the dead shall rise and live a^ain, is be- 
 yond the discovery of reason, and is p'urely a 
 matter of faith. Locke. 
 
 The tow 'ring bard had snng, in nobler lays, 
 How llie last trumpet wakes the lazy dead. Smith. 
 
 Dead. n. *. Time in which there is re- 
 markable stillness or gloom ; as at mid- 
 winter and niiilniglit. 
 
 After this life, to hojie for the favours of mercy 
 then, is lo e-xpect aii harvest in the dead of wi.i- 
 ler. South. 
 
 In the dead (if the night, when the men and 
 their d<<t;8 were all fast asleep. LT.strimge. 
 
 At length, in duad of nignt, the ghost appears 
 Of her unhappy lord. Drijdtn. 
 
 7» Dead. v.n. [from the noun ] To lose 
 force, of whatever kind. 
 
 Iron, as soon as it is out of the fire, deadeth 
 ftraitways. Bacon's Katuiai Bislori/ 
 
 To Dkad. ■( 
 To De'aden. / 
 
 1. To deprive of any kind of force or 
 sensation. 
 
 That the sound may be extinguished or deaded 
 hy discharging the pent air, belore it Cometh to 
 the ujout i of the piece, and to the open air, is 
 not probable. Bacon. 
 
 It is reipiisite that the tympanum be tense, and 
 hard stretched, otherwise the lasness of that mem- 
 brane will certainly dead and damp the sound. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 This motion would be quickly deadened bv 
 coutiternKjiiuns. Glanviile's Scepsis Scieniipca. 
 
 We will not ofiposc ally thing to them thai is 
 hard and slubborn, but by a soft answrr deud'-n 
 their force by degiees. Bnnet's Throru. 
 
 Our dreams an- great instances of that aclivily 
 which is natural to the human soul, and which 
 IS not in the power of sleep to deaden or abate. 
 
 Sfitctator. 
 Alioilynesare such things as relax the tension 
 of the aflecled nervous fibres, or destroy the par- 
 ticular acrimony which occasions lhe"|iaiu; or 
 what deadens the sensation of the brain, by pro- 
 curing >lrep. Arhnthnot oil Viet. 
 
 2. To make vapid, or spiritless. 
 
 ;- 1'. a. 
 
 D E A 
 
 The beer and the wine, as well within water as 
 above, have not been palled or deaded at all. 
 
 Bacon 
 
 Dead-doing, part. adj. [dead ami do.' 
 Destructive; killing; mischievous; ha 
 viiifT the power to make dead. 
 
 Hold, O dear lord, your dcad-divng hnnii, 
 Tiica loud he cried, I am voiir luuiihTe thrall. 
 
 Spc/iser. 
 
 They never care how many others 
 TIicj kill, without regard of^ mothers. 
 Or wives, or cliildreii, so they can 
 Make up soruc fierce dead-doing niaii. Hwlihras. 
 
 Dead-lift. n. «. [dead smd lift,'] Hope- 
 less exigence. 
 
 And liave no ])ower at all, nor shift. 
 To h(-l]j itself at a deud-Uj't. Hudihras. 
 
 De'adly. adj. [from dead,] 
 
 1. Destructive ; mortal; murderous. 
 
 She then on Romeo calls —As if that name, 
 Sliot from from the deadly level of a gun. 
 Did rai:rthcr her. Shakesp. 
 
 Dry nionrnir.g will decay more deadlif brin^, 
 Asa north wind burns a t->o forward spring ; 
 Give sorrow vent, and let the sluces go. Dryden. 
 
 2. Mortal ; implacable. 
 Tlie jVnmidian*-, in number infinitej ^it deadly 
 
 enemies unto the Turks. Knolles, 
 
 Deadly, adv. 
 
 1. In a manner resembling the dead. 
 
 Like dumb statues, or unbreathina; !>tunes, 
 Star'ii each on oiher, and look'd deadly p:\\e.Shak. 
 Y'ouno Arcite heard, and up he ran with haste, 
 , And ask^d hiai why he look'd deadly wan .'* 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Mortally. 
 
 I will break Pharaoh's amis, and he shall pnan 
 before him with the groanings of a deadly wounded 
 man. Ez. x\x. 24. 
 
 S. Implacably ; irreconcileably ; destruc- 
 tively. 
 
 4. It is sometimes used in a ludicrous 
 sense, only to enforce the signification 
 of a word. 
 
 Mettled schoolboys, set to cuff. 
 Will not confess that they have done enough, 
 ThuUEfh deadli} weary. Orrerii, 
 
 John had got an impression, that Lewis was so 
 deadli/ cunnirii; a man, that he was afraid to ven- 
 ture himself alone with him. Arbuthnot. 
 
 De'adness. n, s. [from dead.] 
 
 1 . Frigidity ; want of warmth ; want of 
 ardour; want of affection. 
 
 His grace removes the defect of inclination, by 
 taking olf our natural deadness and disatfeclion to- 
 wards them. ■ Rogers. 
 
 2. Weakness of the vital powers; Ian- 
 gour; faintness ; inactivity of tlie spirits. 
 
 \"(mr ^loomv eyes helray a deaihie<is, 
 And iiiwa:d laii^vushiiig. Dryf/c?i unti Lee's Oedipus. 
 
 3. \'apidness of liquors ; loss of spirit. ' 
 Vcddncss or flatness in cyder is often occasioned 
 
 by the too free admission of air into the vessels. 
 
 j\hn-timcr. j 
 
 De'adnettle. n. s. A weed; the same; 
 with archangel. | 
 
 Dead-reckoning, n. s. [a sea term ] 
 That estimation or conjecture which 
 the seamen make of the place where a 
 
 D E A 
 
 DE.AF. f/dj. [doof, Dut.] 
 
 I . Wanting the sen^e of hearing. 
 
 Come on my right hand, for thi» car is denf. 
 
 ahukcMp 
 Infected minds 
 To tUc'iT deaf pillows will discharge their secrets. 
 
 Shnkcfp. 
 T!:e chief design here intended i* to instruct 
 such as arc deaf and dumb, and dumb otdv t>v 
 conscqu'mce of "their want of hearing. Holder. 
 If any sins attlict our life 
 With that prime ill, h talking wife. 
 Till death shall bring the kind relief. 
 We must he patient, or be dcuf. Prior, 
 
 Thus you may still be young to me, 
 While 1 can belter hoar than see: 
 Oh ne'er may fortune shew her spite. 
 To make me deaf, and m^nd mv vij;hl.Sirf/t. 
 
 3. It has to before the tiling that ought to 
 be heard. 
 
 1 w ill be deaf to pleading and excuses ; 
 Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. 
 
 Shaktip. 
 
 Oh, that men's ears should be, 
 
 To coun-jel denf, but not to tiattery ! Shakeyp. 
 
 Whilst virtue courts theiu ; but, alas, in vain ! 
 
 Fly from her kind embracing arms, 
 
 Deaf to her fondest call, blind toiler greatest 
 
 charms. Roscommon. 
 
 Not so, for once indulg'd, they sweep the luaiM ; 
 
 Deaf to the call, or, hearing, liear in vain. Dr^. 
 
 Hope, too long with vain delusion fed, 
 Deaf to the rum.iur of fallacious fame. 
 Gives lo the roll of death his glorious name.Popf. 
 
 3. Deprived of the power of hearing. 
 Deaf with the noise, I took my hasty flight : 
 
 No mortal courage can sui>port the fright. '^Dryd. 
 
 4. Obscurely heard. 
 Nor silence is within, nor voice express. 
 
 But a dtaf noise of sounds that never cease ; 
 
 Confus'd and chiding like the hollow roar 
 
 Of tides receding from th' insulted shore. Dryd. 
 
 The rest were seiz'd with sullen discontent. 
 And a deaf murmur through the squadrons went. 
 
 Drvdcn. 
 
 To Deaf, v, a. To deprive of the power 
 of hearing. 
 
 Hearing hath deafd our sailors ; and if they 
 Know how to hear, there's none know what to 
 say. Donne. 
 
 A swarm of theiraerial shapes appears, 
 Ajid, Butt'ring round his temples, deafs his cars. 
 
 Drvdtu, 
 To Dea'fen. v. a. [^rom deaf,] To de- 
 prive of tlie power of hearing. 
 
 But Salius enters : an<l. exclaiming lond 
 For justice, deafens and disturbs the crowd. Drurf. 
 From shoutiug men, and horns, and dot's, lie 
 flies. 
 Deafen d and stunn'd witli their proniiscunus criei. 
 
 Addiion. 
 
 Deafly, adv, [from deaf,] 
 
 1. Without sense of sound. 
 
 "Z. Obscurely to the ear. 
 
 De'afness. n,s. \fxo\x\deaf.] 
 
 1 . Want of the power of hearing ; want 
 of sense of sounds. 
 
 Those who are deaf and dumb, are dumb by 
 consetjiience from their rfcrt/HCja. Holder^ 
 
 The Dunciad had never been writ, but at his 
 request, and for his deafness; for, had he been 
 able to converse with nic, do you think 1 had 
 amused my time so ill -' Pope. 
 
 2. Unwillingness to hear. 
 
 I f()und >uch a deafness, thai no declaration from 
 the bishops could lake place. ^*ng C/iaricJ. 
 
 ship is, by keeping an account of iier 
 
 way by tlie log, by knowing the course 
 
 they have steered by the compass, and dp'al n. s. [dcel, Dut.] 
 
 by rectif\ing all with allowance for dritt ■, p^ ^ 
 
 A fireat deal of th t which had been, W3s now 
 to be lemoved oul of the church. HoxKer. 
 
 '.. (Quantity; degree of more or less. It 
 
 was fomerly joined with ditfen nt words, 
 
 to limit its meaning ; us, si-fiic deal, in 
 
 471 
 
 or lee way ; ^o that this rcckonmg is 
 without any observation of the sun, 
 moon, and stars, and is to be rectified 
 as often as any^ good observation can be 
 had.
 
 D E A 
 
 some decree, to some amount: we now 
 either say a threat deal, or a deal with- 
 out an adjective; but this is commonly, 
 it not always, ludicrous or contemp- 
 tuous. 
 
 W lien iiicti's alft'ctions do frame tlieir opini ns, 
 thev are in dift-ncc of errunr more earnest, ,i great 
 ilea), -Jiaii, for the most part, souuti believers in 
 lliL' Miaintenaiice of trulli, apprehending accord- 
 int: to the nature of that evidence which scripture 
 yiehielh. Hooker. 
 
 There is, indeed, store of matters, fitter and 
 better a great (leal for teachers to spend time and 
 labour in. Hooker. 
 
 To weep ivitli tliem that weep, doth ease some 
 deal ; 
 Bui sorrcnv flouted at is double death. Sfiakesp. 
 
 \\ liat a deal of cold business doth a man niis- 
 peiid the heller part of life in ! In scattering com- 
 pliments, and tendering visits. Ben Jonson. 
 
 The charpe sun»c de-d thee haplj honour may. 
 That noble Dudone had while here he lived. 
 
 Fiiirfm. 
 
 Possibly some never so much as doubted of' the 
 safety of "their spiritual estate; and, if so, they 
 have so much the more reason, a great deal, to 
 dotd)t of it. South. 
 
 The author, who knew that such a design as 
 this could nut be carried on without a great deul 
 of artifice and sophistry, has puzzled and per- 
 plexed his cause. Addison. 
 
 3. [From the verb to dfal.l The art or 
 practice of dealing cards. 
 
 How can liie muse her aid impart, 
 Unskill d in all th? terms of art ? 
 Or in harmonious numbers put 
 The deal, the shuffle, and the cut? Sicift. 
 
 4. [d('i/l. Out,] Fir- wood, w the wood of 
 pines. 
 
 I have also found, that a piece of deal, far 
 thicker than one would easily imagine, beiuf; pur- 
 posely interposed betwixt my e^e, placed in a 
 room, and the clearer daylight, was not oulv 
 somewhat transparent, but appeared quite tIirou2;li 
 a lovely red. Botfle on Colours. 
 
 To Deal. r. a. [deehni^ Dut.] 
 J . To distribute ; to dispose to diiferent 
 persons. 
 
 Deal thv bread to the hungry, and brine; the 
 pour that are cast out to thy house. Isanih, Iviii. 7. 
 
 One with a broken trunciieon deals his blows. 
 
 Drnden. 
 
 His lifted arms around his head he throws", 
 And deals in whistling air Ins empty blows. Dryd. 
 
 The business of mankind, in this life, being 
 rather to act than to know, tlieir portion of know- 
 ledge is dealt them accordintiiy- Addison. 
 
 How Spain prepares her jJalmers to unfold, 
 And Rome deals out her blessuigs and her gold. 
 
 Tickell. 
 
 Had the great men of antiquity been possessed 
 of the art of printing, they would have made an 
 advantage of it^ in dealing out their lectures to tlie 
 publick. Addison. 
 
 If you deal out great quantities of strong liquor 
 to the mob, there will be many drunk. Watts. 
 
 2. To scatter ; to throw about. 
 
 Keep me from the vengeance of thy darts, 
 Which Niobe's devoted issue felt. 
 When hissing through the skies the fcather'd 
 deaths were dealt. Drrjdcn. 
 
 3. To e^ive jrradual'y, or one after another, 
 
 Tiie nightly mallet t/fti/i' resounding blows. Cau. 
 
 4. To distribute the cards. 
 
 To Deal. v. n. 
 
 1. To traffic; to transact business; to 
 trade. 
 
 It is generally better to deal by speech tlian by 
 letter ; and by a man himself, than by the media- 
 tion of a third. Bacon. 
 
 This is to drive a wholesome trade, when all 
 other petty merchants deal but for parcels. 
 
 JJecau of Piety. 
 
 They buy and sell, they deal and truflic. South. 
 
 D E A 
 
 With the fond maid^i in palmistry he deals. 
 They tell the secret which he first reveals. Prior. 
 
 2. To act between two persons ; to inter- 
 vene. 
 
 Sometimes he that deals between man and man, 
 rai-eth his own credit with bolli. by pretending 
 greater interest than he hath in either. Biicon. 
 
 3. To behave well or ill in any transaction. 
 
 I doubt not, if he will deal clearly a;id im[>ar- 
 tially, but that he will acknowledge all tliis to be 
 true. .^ Tilititson. 
 
 4. To act in any manner. 
 
 I'wn deep enemies, 
 Foes to my rest, aiid my sweet sleep's disturbers, 
 Arc they that 1 would have thee deal upon. Shak. 
 
 5. To dial bjf, 'Fo treat well or ill. This 
 seems a vltious use. 
 
 Such an one deals not fairly hy his own mind, 
 nor Conducts his own understanding aright Locke. 
 
 G. To deal in. To have to do with ; to be 
 enp,a^ed in ; to practi.se. 
 
 Suiicrs are so distasted with delays and abuses, 
 tlial |jlain-dcaling, in denying to deal in suits at 
 iirst, is grown not only honourable, but also gra- 
 cious. Bacon. 
 
 The Scripture forbids even the countenancing a 
 poor man in his cause ; which is a popular way 
 of preventing justice, that some men haVc dealt 
 in, though witlmut that success which they pro- 
 posed to themselves. Attcrburij. 
 
 Among authors, none draw upon themselves 
 more displeasure than those who dca/ in political 
 matters. Addison. 
 
 True I'tgick is not that noisy thing tliat deals all 
 in dispute, to which the former ages had debased 
 it. Watts's Log'yk. 
 
 7. To deal tvilh. To treat in any manner; 
 to use well or ill. 
 
 Neither can the Irish, nor yet the English lords, 
 tlunk themselves wronged, fior Iiardly dealt with, 
 to liave that which is none of their own yiven lo 
 them. Spenser s^reland. 
 
 \Vho then sliall guide 
 His people? AV1k» defend ? Will they not deal 
 Worse uith his followers, llian with him they 
 dealt ? Mittoii. 
 
 If a man would have his conscience tlcal clearly 
 with him, he must deal severely with that. 
 
 Sonth's Se-rmons. 
 
 God did not only exercise this providence to- 
 wards his own people, but be dealt thus also ivith 
 other nations. TUlvtson, 
 
 But 1 will deal the more civilly with his two 
 poerns, because nothing ill is to be spoken of the 
 dead. Dtyden. 
 
 You nvrote to me with the freedom of a friend, 
 dealing plainly uith me in the matter of my own 
 trJtles. Pope. 
 
 Reflect on the merits of the cause, as well as of 
 the men, who have been thus dealt uith by their 
 country. Swiji. 
 
 8. To deal with. To contend with. 
 
 If she hated me, I should know what jiassinn 
 to deal uitft. Sidnei/. 
 
 Gv'utleinen were commanded to remain in live 
 country, lo govern the people, easy t" be dealt 
 with whilst they stand in tVar. Hayward. 
 
 Then you upbraid ine; I am pleased to see 
 You 're not sn |iertect. but can fail like me; 
 I liave no God \ndeal with. Dryden. 
 
 To DEAUBATE. t;. a. [dealbo, Lat ] To 
 
 whiten ; to bleacli. 
 Dealca'tion. n. s. [dealbatio, Lat.] 
 
 The .let of bleaching or whiteniiip; ; 
 
 rendeviug things white -which were not 
 
 so before ; a word in little use. 
 
 All -seed is white in viviparous animals, and, 
 such as liave prfparing vessels, wherein it receives 
 .a liianifold deulhcuwn. Frwnns I utgar Knvurs. 
 
 Dealer, n. s. [from deal.] 
 
 1. One tliat has to do with any thing. 
 
 1 find it tuininon with these snmll dealers in wit 
 and lcarnir.il, to give theaiselves a title from their 
 first adventure. Swi/'t. 
 
 D E A 
 
 2. A trader or trafficker. 
 
 Where fraud is pcrniltled and connived af, ttia 
 lionesl deuUr is always uudunc, and the knave 
 gets the advanfa;;c. Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 3. A person who deals the cards. 
 De'aling. n. .9. [from tltnl.] 
 1. Practice; action. 
 
 Concerning the dealings of men, w!m adminis- 
 ter government, and inilo whom liie execution of 
 thai law belongeth, they have their judge, who 
 sittelh in heaven. ' Hooker. 
 
 What these are ! 
 ^yhose own hard dealings teach them to suspect 
 The tlioiij^hls of others. iihakesp. 
 
 But this was neither one pope's fault, nor one 
 
 prince's destiny: he must write a storv of the 
 
 empire, that means to tell of all their dealings m 
 
 this kind. Kaleigh. 
 
 2- Intercourse. 
 
 It were to he wished, that men wmdd promote 
 the happiness of one aiiother, in all their private 
 dealings, among tiiose who lie within tlieir influ- 
 ence. Addism. 
 
 3. Measure of treatment ; mode in which 
 one treats another. 
 
 God's qracious dealings with men, are the aids 
 and auxiliaries necessary to us in the pursuit of 
 pif'y- _ Ilamtncmd. 
 
 4. Traffic; business. 
 
 The doctor must needs die rich; he had errat 
 dealings in his way for many years. Swijt. 
 
 DEAMBULATION. n. s. [deambulalio, 
 Lat.] The act of walking abroad. 
 
 Dea'meulatory. tii/j. [deambuL 
 Lat. J Relating to the practice of walk- 
 ing abroad. 
 
 DEAN. n. s. [dccamis, Lat. doyen Fr.] 
 
 From tlie Greek wi.rd i-Ua ; in Eiylish, ten ; 
 because he was anc'eiitly set over ten canons or 
 prebendaries at least in some cathedral church. 
 
 Avf'tfe's Parergan. 
 
 As there are two foundati(.ns of cathedral 
 churches in England, llic old and the new (tjie 
 new are those which Henry Vlll. upon suppression 
 of abbeys transformed from abbot < r prior, and 
 convent, to dean and chapter) sc there are two 
 means of creating these deans ; for those of the old 
 foundation are brought to their dij:nit\ much like 
 bishops, the king first sendinji out lnsVoiige<re/ire 
 to the chapter, the chapter then chiising and t! e 
 bishop conhnnini: them, and giving his niandate 
 to instal them. Those of the new foundation are, 
 by a shorter course, installed by virtue of the king's 
 letters patent, witliout either election or confir- 
 mation. 
 
 This word is a'so applied to divers, that arc 
 chief of certain peculiar churches or chapels ; as 
 the dean of the king's cliapel, the dean of the 
 Arches, the dean of St. George's chapel at Wind- 
 sor, and tlie dean of Bocking in Essex. Cou-ell. 
 
 The dean and canons, or prebends, of cathedral 
 churches, were of great use in the church ; thev 
 were not only to be of ctmnsel with the bishop for 
 bis revenue, but chiefly for government in causes 
 ecclesiastical. Use your best means to [irefer such 
 to those places wlio'are fit for that purpose. J3actm. 
 
 De'anery. n. s. [from deati.] 
 
 1. The office of a dean. 
 
 He could no longer keep the deanerx] of the 
 chapel-royai. Clarendon. 
 
 2. The revenue of a dean. 
 
 Put both deans in one ; or, if that 's too much 
 trouble, 
 Instead of the deans make the deanery double 
 
 Suifi. 
 
 3. The hc'jse of a dean. 
 
 Take her hy the hand, away with her to the 
 deancra, and tlispatch it quickly. Shakesp. 
 
 Deanship. 71. s. [from dean.] Tlie 
 
 office and rank of a dean. 
 DEAR. adj. [be op, Sax.] 
 1. Beloved; favourite; darling. 
 
 472
 
 D E A 
 
 Your brother Glo'ster hates you. 
 —Oh, no, he luves lue, and he holds me dear. 
 
 bhakesp. 
 
 The dear, dear name she bsthcs inflowing Hars, 
 
 Hangs o'er the tomb. Addison s Ovid. 
 
 And tlie lust joy was dearer than the rest. I'ape. 
 
 2. Valuable ; of a high price ; costly. 
 
 Wliat made directors cheat Ihp South-sea year ? 
 To feed on ven'son when it sold so dear. Pope. 
 
 3. Scarce ; not plentiful : as, a dear year. 
 
 4. It seems to be sometimes used in Shake- 
 ipenre for dier; sad ; hateful ; grievous. 
 
 V\ hat fuolibli bi/ldnesi brought thee to tlicir 
 mercies, 
 Whom thou in terms so bloody, and so dear. 
 Hast made thine enemies ' Shakesp.Tuelfth Xight. 
 
 Let us return, 
 Aud strain what other means is left unto us 
 In our dear peril. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Some dear cause 
 Will in coucealnicut wrap me up a-while : 
 When I am known aright, you sliall not grieve 
 Lendin"; nie this acquaintance. Shak. Kins Lear. 
 
 Would 1 had met aiy dearest foe in heav n, 
 Or ever I had seen that day. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 The other banish'd soi;, with his dear sii:ht 
 Struck pale and bloodless. Shak. Titus Andronicus^ 
 
 Dear. n. s. A word of endearment ; 
 darling. 
 
 Tliat kiss 
 1 carried from thee, dear ; and ray true lip 
 Hath vir«in'd it e'er since. Sltakcsp. Coriolaniis. 
 Go, dear j each ruinate does new danger iiring. 
 
 Dnfden. 
 See, my dear, 
 How lavish nature has adorit'd the year. Dri/dcn 
 
 De'arbought. </<(/. [dear and bought.] 
 Purchased at an high price. 
 
 O fleeting joys 
 Of Paradise, dearhoiighi v<\th lasting woe. ]\IiUon. 
 
 Sucli dearbottght blessings happen ev'ry day. 
 Because we know not for what things to pray". 
 
 Dryden. 
 Forget not what my ransom cost, 
 Nor let my dearbmght soul be lost. Roscommon. 
 
 DeaRLIng. n. s. [now written dai-ling.] 
 Favourite. 
 
 They do feed on nectar, heavenly wise, 
 With Hercules and Hebe, and the rest 
 Of Venus' dearUngs, through her bonoty blest. 
 
 Spenser. 
 De'arly. adv. [from dear.] 
 
 1. With great fondness. 
 
 For the unouestionable virtues of her person 
 and mind, he loved her dearly. Wotton. 
 
 2. At an high price. 
 
 It is rarely bought, and then also bought dearly 
 enoiigh with such a fine. Bacon. 
 
 Tumus shall dearly pay for faith forsworn ; 
 And corps, and swords) and shields, on Tyber 
 born. DriiJen. 
 
 My father dotes, and let hira still dote on'; 
 He buys his mistress dearty with his throne. Dn/c(. 
 
 To Dearn. v. a. [byjinan. Sax. to hide.] 
 
 To mend clothes. See Darn. 
 De'arness. n. s. [from dear.] 
 
 1. Fondness ; kindness ; love. 
 
 My brother holds you well, and in deamtsi of 
 heart hath holp to eiiect your ensuing marriage. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The whole senate dedicated an altar to Friend- 
 ship, as to a 5( ddess, in respect of the great dear- 
 n?.iiof frieudship between tiiera two. Bacon. 
 
 He w ho hales his nciehbour mortally, andwisely 
 too, must profess all the deamess of friendship, 
 with readiness to serve him. South 
 
 2, Scarcity ; hi;rh jjrice. 
 
 Landlords prohibit tenants from plowing.nhich 
 IS seen in ihc deariKS of corn. Swift. 
 
 De'arnly. adv. [beopn, Sax.] Secretly; 
 privately ; unseen. Obsolete. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 U E A 
 
 At last, as clianc'd them by a forest stde 
 To pass, for succour from the scorchinc rav, 
 They lieartl a rueful voice, that dearnJy crii.-d 
 With [jicrcin^ slirieks, Spctucr. 
 
 Dearth. n,s [tVom dtar.] 
 
 1. Scarcity which makes food dear. 
 
 Ill times of dearth, it drained much coin out of 
 the kingdom, to furuiisli u& with corn from foreign 
 parts. BncoH. 
 
 There have been terrible years dearths of com, 
 and evi ry place is strewed with bf gears ; but 
 detn-ths iiTC common iu butter climates, and our 
 evils here lie nuich deeper. iiuijt. 
 
 2. Want ; need ; famine. 
 
 Piiy tiie daurth that I have pined in. 
 By loii^iim fur that fi;od so long a time. Shahesp. 
 
 Of every tree that in the garden grows. 
 Eat freely With glad heart; fear lieru no dearth. 
 
 Miiton. 
 
 3. Barrenness ; sterility. 
 
 The French have brought on themselves that 
 dearth of plot, and narrowness of imagin;ilion, 
 "liich may be observed in all their plays. Druden. 
 
 To Dearti'ci'LATE. r. ff. [de and arti- 
 
 culusj Lat.] To disjoint ; to dismember. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 DEATH, n. s. [bea-f, Sax.] 
 
 1. The extinction of life : the departure of 
 the soul from the body. 
 
 He is the mediator of the New Testament, 
 that by means of death, for tlie redemption of the 
 transgressions, they which are called might re- 
 ceive the promise of eternal inheritance. 
 
 Heb. ix. 15. 
 They say there is divinity in odd numbers, ei- 
 ther in nativity or death. >%ak€Sp. 
 
 Death, "^a neceiisary end, 
 \Vill come when it will coPie. Shah. Julius Ctrsar. 
 
 He must his acts reveal, 
 From the first moment of his vital breath. 
 To his last hour of unrepenling death. Dryden. 
 
 2. Mortality ; destruction. 
 
 How fiid you dare 
 To trade and tratlk:k with iSlacbeth, 
 In riddles and ailairs of death? Shakesp^ 
 
 3. The state of the dead. 
 
 In swinish sleep 
 Their drenched natures lie, as m a death. Siiakesp. 
 
 4. The manner of dyittg. 
 
 Thou shalt die thed*fd(/(.s of them that are slain 
 in the midst of the seas. Ezekiel xxviii. 8. 
 
 5. The image of mortality represented by 
 a skeleton. 
 
 I had rather be married to a death's head, w ith 
 a bone in bis mouth, than to either of these. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 If I eaze now, 'lis but to see 
 What maniu r tif death's head "twill be. 
 
 When it is free 
 From that fresh upper skin. 
 The gazer's joy, and sin. Suckling. 
 
 b. Murder ; the act of destroying life un- 
 lawfully. 
 
 As in manifesting the sweet influence of his 
 mercy, on the severe stroke of his justice ; so in 
 this, not to sutfera uianofdtaf^ to live. liact^n. 
 
 7. Cause of death. 
 
 They cried out, and said, O thon man of Go 1, 
 there is death in the pot. '2 Kings, iv. 40. 
 
 He caught his death the last county-sessions, 
 where he would go to see justice done to a poor 
 widow-woman. Addison. 
 
 8. Destroyer. 
 
 All the endeavours Achilles used to meet witli 
 Hector, and be the death of liim, is the intrigue 
 wliich comprehends the battle of the la-^t d.iy. 
 
 Brouae's Vicu- -if Epic I'oetnj. 
 
 9- [In poetry.] The instrument of death. 
 
 Deaths invisible come wing'd with tire ; 
 Thev hear a dreadful noise, aud straight e\pire. 
 
 Drtfdcn. 
 
 D E A 
 
 Suiuided at once the bow, and swiftly fiies 
 The feathcr'd death, and hisses through ihe >Lie8. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 Oft, as in airy rings they skim the heaih. 
 The clani'rous lapwings fetl ihe leaden rf<u(/i.p£^, 
 
 10. [In theology.] Damnaiion ; ttemal 
 tf)rments. 
 We nrav that God will keep us from all sin and 
 
 wickfOne'S, from our ghi^slly enemy, and from 
 evcila^tiii;^ death. Chuich Catecham. 
 
 De'athbei). n,s. [death and btd.] The 
 bed to which a man is confined by mor- 
 tal sickness. 
 
 Sweet soul, take heed, take heed of | erjurv ; 
 Thou art on thy death-bed. Sltakcsp. Otneilo, 
 
 Thy death bed i> no lesser than the Und 
 \Vhereiii tfatm licst in reputation sick. 
 
 Shakesp. Hichard II. 
 
 These are such things as a man shall remember 
 with joy upon his heath-bed ; such as shall cheer 
 and warm his heart, even in that last and bitter 
 agony. South's Sermoiu. 
 
 'Ihen round our death-bed ev'ry friend should 
 run. 
 And joy us of ourconquest early won. 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 
 A death-bed figure is certainly llic m» st hum- 
 bling sight in the world. Collier on the Vatiie nf Life, 
 
 Kdeath-bed repentance ought not indeed to be 
 neglected, because it is the last thing that we can 
 do. Atterhurv. 
 
 Fame can never make us lie down contentedTy 
 on a death-bed. Pnp'e. 
 
 Death FT L. adj. [death and /w//.] Full 
 of slaughter ; destructive ; murderous. 
 
 Your cruelly was such, as you woutti spare his 
 
 life for many deathful torments. Sidney- 
 
 Time itself, under the dcathjui shade of whose 
 
 wings all things wither, hath wasted (hat lively 
 
 virtue of nature in man, and beasts, and plants. 
 
 Haleigh. 
 Blood, death, and c/ea(^/ul deeds, are in that 
 noise. 
 Ruin, destruction at the utmost point. Milton. 
 
 These eyes beheld 
 The deathful scene ; f-rinces on princes roIPd. 
 
 Pope, 
 De'athless. adj. [from dtat/i.} Immor- 
 tal ; never-dymg ; everlasting. 
 
 God hath only immortality, though augels and 
 
 human souls be deathless. Boyle. 
 
 Their temples wreaih'd with leaves that still 
 renew : 
 
 For deathless laurel is the victor's due. Dryden, 
 
 Faith and hope llieniselves shall die, 
 
 "While deathUis charity remains. Prior. 
 
 Deathlike, adj. [death and like.'] Re- 
 sembling death ; still ; gloomy ; motion- 
 less ; placid ; calm ; peaceful ; undis- 
 tuibed ; resembling either the horrours 
 or the quietness of death. 
 
 Why ditst thou let thy brave soul lie supprest 
 In deathlike slumbers, while thy dangers crave 
 A wakina eye and hand ? Crtuftau", 
 
 A deathlike sleep ! 
 A gentle wafting to immortal life ! Milton. 
 
 On seas, < n earth, and hU that in them dwell, 
 Adeathlih' quiet and deep silence fell. l^a//^T, 
 
 Black Melancholy sits, and round her throws 
 
 A deathlike slumber, and a dread repose. Pope. 
 
 Deatu's-door. \dtafh and door.'\ A 
 
 near approach to death ; the gates of 
 
 death, ^rvXo* o^. It is now a low phrase. 
 
 I mvself knew a person of great sanctity, who 
 was a^icted to death's-dorr with a yomiling. 
 
 Taulor^s Worthy Communicant. 
 
 There was a poor young woman, that had 
 brought herself even to death's door with grief for 
 her sick I nsband. L' Estrange. 
 
 De'athsman'. », s. [death and man.] 
 Executioner ; hangman ; headsman ; 
 he th:tt executes the sentence of death. 
 
 He's dead ; I'm only sorry 
 He had no other iieathsnum. S)iakesp, 
 
 3 P 473
 
 D E B 
 
 As deathsmen you have rid this sweet young 
 prince. Sliakcsp. 
 
 De'athwatch. n,s. [death and watch.} 
 An insect that makes a tinkling noise 
 like that of a watch, and is sujiersti- 
 tiously imagined to prognosticate death. 
 
 The sultiiiu deatkwatch click'd the hour she 
 dii'il. Oai). 
 
 We leariv to prcsiitr^ approaching death in a fa- 
 mily hv ravfiis, and little worms, which wc llierc- 
 fore call H dculhinitch. Watts. 
 
 Mibt'rs are muckworms, silkworms beans. 
 And death tvtilchis pliysicians. Pope. 
 
 To DEA'URATii. v. a. [deauro, Lat.] 'Vo 
 
 gild, or cover with gold. Diet 
 
 Deaura'tion. «. s. \fvomdeaiirate,] The 
 
 act of gilding. 
 Debaccha'tion. W.5. [debacchado, Lat.] 
 A raging ; a madness. Diet. 
 
 To Deba'rd. r. a. [from de nnd harbay 
 Lat.] To deprive of his beard. Diet. 
 To Deba'rk. v. a. [debarquer, Fr.] To 
 disembark. Diet. 
 
 To Debar, v. a. [from bai\] To ex- 
 clude ; to preclude ; to shut out from 
 any thing ; to hinder. 
 
 The same boats and the same buildings are 
 found in counties debarred from all commerce b^' 
 unpassable mountains, lakes, and deserts. 
 
 Raleigh's Essays. 
 Not so strictly hath our Lord impos'd 
 Labour, as to debar us when we need 
 Refreshment, whether food, or talk between. 
 Food of the mind. Milton. 
 
 Civility, intended to make us easy, is employ- 
 ed iu laying chains and fetters upon us, iit debar- 
 ring us of our wishes, and in crossing our most 
 reasonable desires. Su-iji. 
 
 To DEBA'SE. v. a. [from base,] 
 
 1 . To reduce from a higher to a lower state. 
 
 Homer intended to teach, that pleasure and 
 sensuality debase men into beasts. 
 
 Broome oi the Odyssei]. 
 
 As mucli as you raise silver, 3'ou debase gold, for 
 they are in the condition of two things put in 
 opposite scales ; as much as the one rises, the 
 other fails. Locke. 
 
 2. To make mean ; to sink into meanness ; 
 to naake despicable ; to degrade. 
 
 It is a kind of taking God's name in vain, to 
 debase religion with such frivolous disputes. Hiw/cer. 
 
 A man of large possessions has not iei-^ure to 
 consider of every slight expence, and will not 
 debase himself to the management of every triile, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Kestraining others, yet himself not free ; 
 Made impotent by jiow'r, dcbos''d by digniiy.Dryd. 
 
 3. To sink ; to vitiate with meanness. 
 
 He ought to be careful of not letting his subject 
 debasehh style, and betray him into a meanness of 
 expression. Addisoj^. 
 
 Huntinj; after arguments to make good one side 
 of a question, and wholly to refuse those which 
 favour tlie other, is so far from giving truth its 
 due value, that it wholly debases it. Locke. 
 
 4. To adulterate ; to lessen in value by base 
 admixtures. 
 
 He reformed the coin, which was much adulte- 
 rated and debased in the times and troubles of 
 king Stephen. Hale. 
 
 VVords so debased and hard, no stone 
 Was hard enougli to touch them 00. Hudibras. 
 
 Debasement, n.s. [from debase.] The 
 act of debasing or degrading ; degrada- 
 tion. 
 
 It 13 a wretched debasement of that sprightly fa- 
 culty, the tongue, thus to be made the interpreter 
 to a goat or buar. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Deba'ser. n. s. [from debase.] He that 
 debases ; he that adulterates ; he tha^ 
 
 DEB 
 
 degrades another ; he that sinks the 
 value of things, or destroys the dignity 
 of persons. 
 Debatable, adj. [from debate] Di.s- 
 putable : that which is^ or may be, sub- 
 ject to controversy. 
 
 The French rer|uesled, that the debatable s.rou:n] , 
 and the Scottish hostages, might be restored to the 
 Scots. Hayward. 
 
 DEBATE, n.s. [dehat, Fr,] 
 
 1. A personal dispute ; a controversy. 
 A way that men ordinarily use, to force others 
 
 to submit to their judgments, and receive their 
 opinion in debate, is to require the adversary to 
 admit what they alledge as a proof, or to assign 
 a belter. Locke, 
 
 It is to diiruse a light over the understanding, 
 in our enquiries after truth, and not to furnish the 
 tongue with dcbaie-dnfi controversy. Walls's Lngick. 
 
 2. A quarrel ; a contest : it is not now used 
 of hostile contest. 
 
 Now. lords, if lieav'n doth give successful end 
 To this debate that bleedeth at our duors. 
 We will our youth lead on to higher iields. 
 And draw nu swurds but what are sanctified. Sfto/c:. 
 
 'Tis thine to ruin realms, o'erturn a state ; 
 Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate. Dryden. 
 
 To Deba'te. v. a. [debatre, Fr.] To con- 
 trovert; to dispute ; to contest. 
 
 Debate ihy cause with thy neighbour himself, 
 and discover not a secret to another. 
 
 Proverbs xxv. 9. 
 
 He could not debate any thing without some 
 commotion, even when the argument was not of 
 moment. Clarendon. 
 
 To Debate, v. n, 
 
 1. To deliberate. 
 
 Vour sev'ral suits 
 Have been consider'd and debated on. Shakesp. 
 
 2, To dispute. 
 He presents that great soul debating upon the 
 
 subject of life and death with his intimate d iends. 
 
 Tatlcr. 
 
 Deba'teful. adj. [from debate.] 
 
 1. [Of persons.] Quarrelsome; contentious. 
 
 2. [Of things.] Contested ; occasioning 
 quarrels, 
 
 Deba'tement. n. 5. [from debate.] 
 Controvei'sy ; deliberation. 
 
 \\'ithout dehatcment further, more or less. 
 He should the bearers put to sudden death. Shak. 
 
 Deba'ter. n. s. [from debate.] A dis- 
 putant ; a controvertist. 
 To DEBAUCH, v. a. [desbaucker, Fr. de- 
 
 baccharij Lat,] 
 
 1. To corrupt ; to vitiate. 
 
 A man must have got his conscience thoroughly 
 debauched and hardened, before he can arrive to 
 the height of sin. South. 
 
 'I'his it is to counsel things that are unjust ; first, 
 to debauch a king to break his laws, and then to 
 seek protection. Drijdens Spunish Friar. 
 
 2. To corrupt with lewdness. 
 Here do yon keep a hundred kniglitsand squires, 
 
 IMeii so disorder d, so debaucli'd, and bold, 
 'I'liat this our court, infected with their manners. 
 Shews like a riotous inn. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To corrupt by intemperance. 
 No man's reason did ever dictate to him, that it 
 
 is reasonable for him to debauch himself by intem- 
 perance and brutish sensuality. fillotson. 
 Deba'uch. n. 5 [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A fit of intemperance. 
 He will for some time contain himself within 
 
 the bounds of sobriety ; till within a little while 
 he recovers his former debauch, and is well again, 
 and then his appetite returns. Calamy. 
 
 2. Luxury ; excess ; lewdness. 
 
 The first physicians by debauch were made ; 
 Excess began, and sloth sustains, the trade. Z^ryd. 
 
 DEB 
 
 Debauche'e. 71. *. [from drshauchc, Fr.] 
 
 A lecher ; a drunkard ; a man given to 
 
 intemperance. 
 
 Could we but prevail with the greate5l(fi'?)i7iir//c« 
 among us to ch:int;c their lives, we should find it 
 no very liurd matter to chau^c their jud^uients. 
 
 South 
 
 Debaucher. n.s. [from debauch^ One 
 who seduces otliers to intemperance or 
 lewdness ; a corrupter. 
 
 Debauchery, n.s. [from dl^hauch^^'V\\e 
 practice of excess ; intemperance ; lewd- 
 ness. 
 
 Oppose vices by tlieir contrary virtues; hypo- 
 crisy Dy sober piety, and debaiichen] by temper- 
 ance. " Spratt. 
 These magistrates, instead of lessening enormi- 
 ties, occasion just twice as much dcbaucherv as 
 there would be without them. Swift. 
 
 Debau'chment. n.s. [from dfbauch.] 
 The act of debauching or vitiating ; cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 They told them ancient stories of Ihc ravishment 
 of chaste maidens, or the debauchment of patinns, 
 or the extreme poverty of learned persons 
 
 Ttty/or's liuk of l.trin^ Hofy. 
 
 ToDEBE'L. \v.a.[debeUo, Lat.] 
 
 To DEBE'LLATE. I To conquer; to 
 overcome in war : not now in use. 
 
 It doth notably set forth the consent of all na- 
 tions and ages, in the afiprobation of tlie extir- 
 pating and (ic6W/(/(m^ of giants, monsters, and fo- 
 reign tyrants, not only as lawful, hut as merito- 
 rious even of divine honour. Bacon's Holy War. 
 
 Hiin long of old 
 Thou didst debel, and down from heaven cast 
 With all his army. Milton. 
 
 Debella'tion. n.s. [from dtbellatiOy 
 Lat] The act of conquering in war. 
 
 Debe'istuke. n.s. [debentu7'j Lat. from 
 
 debeo.] A writ or note^ by which a debt 
 
 is claimed. 
 
 You modern wits, should each man bring his 
 claim. 
 Have desperate debenture* on your fame ; 
 And little would be left you, rm_ afraid. 
 
 If all your debts to Greece and Rome were paid. 
 
 ' Swift. 
 De'bile adJ.[d€biIis,L^t.]V(cak; fi^eble; 
 languid ; taint ; without strength ; im- 
 becile ; impotent. 
 
 I have not wash'd my nose that bled, 
 Or foil'd some debiie wretch, which without note 
 Tlicre's many else have done. Shakesp^ 
 
 To DEBILITATE, v. a. [debilito, Lat.] 
 To weaken : to make faint ; to enfeeble ; 
 to emasculate. 
 
 In the lust of the eye, the lust of the flesh, and 
 the pride of life, they seemed as weakly to fail as 
 their debilitated posterity ever after. 
 
 Brown s J'ulg. Ett. 
 
 The spirits being rendered languid, are incapa- 
 ble of purifying the blood, and Jf?i(7/(a(frf in at- 
 tracting nutriment. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Debilita'tion. n.s. [from debilitatio, 
 Lat.] The act of weakening. 
 
 The weakness caimot return any tiling of 
 strength, honour, or safety to the head, butaJe- 
 bditation and ruin. King Charles^ 
 
 Debi'lity, n.s. [debilitas, Lat.] Weak- 
 ness ; feebleness ; languor ; faintness ; 
 imbecility. 
 
 Methinks I am partaker of thy passion. 
 And in thy case do glass mine own debility. Sidney. 
 
 Aliment too vaporous or perspirable will sub- 
 ject it to the inconveniencies of too strong a per- 
 spiration, which are debility, faintness, and some- 
 times sudden death. Arbuthnot.
 
 DEC 
 
 DEBONAIR, adj. [ihbonnairc, Fr.] Ele- 
 gant; civil; well-bred; gentle; com- 
 plaisant : an obsolete word. 
 
 Crying, k't hi- lli:it lady debonnir, 
 TIlou recrc:mt kiliL'Iit, anil suuii tliysflf prepare 
 To ba'tip, if thou nieaii lier love to gain. Syaucr. 
 
 Ze|>li.vr niiH lier once a-in;iyin2 ; 
 Fill'd tier willi tliee, a dan;;litcT fair. 
 So bii\oiii, blithe, and dthonaii: Miltnn. 
 
 The nature if the one is deboiuiir and accost- 
 able; I'f llie other, rcliied and supercilious; the 
 one r|uick and sprightful, the other slow ajid sa- 
 turnitie. ' ■ ILm-cl's Vocal Foreat. 
 
 Aiid she that was not only passing fair, 
 B«t was withal discreet and debonair, 
 Resolv'd the passive doctrine to fullil. Dryden. 
 
 Debonairly, adv. [from dtbonair.] Ele- 
 gantly ; with a genteel air. 
 DEBT. n. s. [dcbittim, Lat. ddte, Fr.] 
 
 1. That which one man owes to another. 
 
 There was one that died greatly in debt : Well, 
 says one, if he begone, then he'hath carried live 
 hundred ducats ofinine with him into the other 
 world. Bacons Apothcgw;. 
 
 The debt of ten thousand talents, which the 
 servant owed the king, was no slight ordinary 
 sum. Duppa's Devotions. 
 
 To this great loss a sea of tears is due ; 
 But the wliolc debt not to be paid by you. Walter. 
 Swift, a thousand pounds in debt. 
 
 Takes horse, and in a mighty fret 
 
 Rides day and night. Swift. 
 
 2. That which anyone is obliged to do or 
 suffer. 
 
 Your son. ray lord, has paid a soldier's debt; 
 He orilv liv'd but till he was a man, 
 But like a man he died. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 De'bted. part, [from debt. To Debt 
 is not found.] Indebted; obliged to. 
 
 AViiich do amniint to three odd ducats more 
 Than I stand debtcd to this gentleman. Sliake^p. 
 
 De btor. n. s. [dtbitor, Lat.] 
 1. He that owes something to another. 
 I am debtor both to tlie Greeks and to the Bar- 
 barians, both to the wise and to the unwise. 
 
 Rom. i. 14. 
 
 S. One that owes money. 
 
 I'll bring vnur latter hazard back again, 
 And thankfully rest debtor for the lirsl. Shakesp. 
 
 If he his ample palm 
 •Should haply on ill-fated shoulder lay 
 Of debtor, s'trait bis body, to the touch 
 Obsequious, as wnilom knights were wont. 
 To some enchanted casile is convey'd. Philips. 
 
 There died my father, no man's debtor ; 
 And there I'll die, nor worse, nor better. Pope. 
 
 Ths case of debtors in Rome, for the first four 
 centuries, was, after the set time for payment, no 
 choice but either to pay, or be the creditor's slave. 
 
 Saift. 
 
 3. One side of an account book. 
 
 When I look upon the (/f/'(*Jr side, I find such 
 innumerable articles, that I want arithmetick to 
 cast Ihem up : but when I look upon the creditor 
 side, I find little more than blank paper, .iddison. 
 
 Debtlli'tion. «. s. [debtcUilio, Lat.] A 
 
 bubbling or seething over. Dkt. 
 
 Decacu'minated. adj [decacnminalu.i, 
 
 Lat.] Having the top cut off. Did. 
 
 Decade, n. s. [iUa., Gr. duas, Lat.] The 
 
 sum of ten ; a number containing ten. 
 
 Men were not only out in the immber of some 
 days, the latitude of a few years, but might be 
 wide by whole olympiads, and divers decades of 
 years. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 We make cycles and periods of vears ; as, de- 
 cades, centuries, and chiliads, chiofty for the use 
 of computations in history, chronology, and astro- 
 nomy. Holder on Time. 
 All rank'd by ten ; whole decades, when they 
 dine. 
 Must waiit a Trojao slave to pour the wine. Pope. 
 
 DEC 
 
 De'cadeN'CY. n.s. [decadence, Fr.] De- 
 cay : fall. Dkt. 
 
 De'c.\gon. n. s. [from hixa. ten, and yutm 
 a corner.] .\ plain figuie in geometry, 
 having ten sides and angles. 
 
 De'cal'igue. n. s [^txa.Xay'^, Gr.] The 
 ten commandments given by God to 
 Moses. 
 
 The commandsof God are clearly revealed both 
 in the decalogue and other parts of sac re t writ. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 To DECA'MP. V. n. [decamper, Fr.] To 
 sliift the camp ; to move off. 
 
 Deca'mpment. n. s. [from decatnp,] The 
 act of shitting thecump. 
 
 To DECA'NT.r. a. [decanto, Lat. dccan- 
 fer, Fr.] To pour off gently by inclina- 
 tion. 
 
 Take aquafortis, and dissolve it in ordinary 
 coined silver, and pour the coloured solution into 
 twelve times as niucli fair water, and then dccitnt 
 or filtrate the mixture, that it may be very clear. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 They attend him daily as their chief. 
 Decant his wine, and carve his btef. Suift. 
 
 Decanta'tion. n. s. \decantationy Fr.] 
 
 Tiie act of decanting or pouring off 
 
 clear. 
 Deca'nter. w. s. [from decant,] A class 
 
 vessel made for pouring off liquor clear 
 
 from the lees. 
 To Deca'pitate. v. a, [decapifOy Lat.] 
 
 To behead. 
 To DEC AT. r. n, [dccheoir, Fr. from de 
 
 and caderCt Lat.] To lose excellence; 
 
 to decline from the state of perfection ; 
 
 to be gradually impaired. 
 Tlie m march oak, 
 
 Three centuries he grows, and three he stavs 
 
 Supreme in state, and in three more deCays.Dryd. 
 The garlands fade, the vows are worn away ^ 
 
 So dies her love, and so my hopes decay. Pope. 
 
 To Deca'y. v. a. To impair ; to bring to 
 decay. 
 
 Infirmity, that decays the wise, doth ever make 
 better liie fool. Shakesp. 
 
 Cut otf a stock of a tree, and lay that which 
 you cut off to putrefy, to see whether it will decaii 
 "the rest of the stock. Bncon. 
 
 He was of a very small and decayed fortune, 
 and of no ^ood education. Clarendon. 
 
 Decaij'd by time and wars, they only prove 
 Their former beauty by vour former loVe. Dryd. 
 
 In Spain our springs, like old men's children, be 
 Decau'd and wither'd from their infancy. Dnjdai. 
 
 It is so ordered, that almost every Uiinj; which 
 corrupts the soul decaus the body- Adduon. 
 
 Deca'y. ?/. s. [fiom the verb.] 
 
 1. Decline from the state of pei-fection ; 
 state of depravation or diminution. 
 
 Wliat comfort to this great dccau niay come, 
 Shall be applied. Shakesp. 
 
 She iias been a fine lady, and paints and hiiles 
 Her decays very well. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Awi those derails, to speak the naked truth. 
 Through the defects of ajje, were crimes of youth. 
 
 Deitham. 
 
 By reason of the tenacity of fluids, and attri- 
 tion of their pans, and the weakness of elasticity 
 in solids, motion is much more apt to be lust than 
 got, and is always upon tlie decay. Xemton. 
 
 Each may feel increases and decays. 
 
 And see now clearer and now darker days. Pope. 
 
 TaiiLiht, half by reason, half by mere Jtrdy, 
 To welcome deatli, and calmly pass away. Pope. 
 
 2. The effects of diminution ; tlie maj'ks of 
 decay. 
 
 DEC 
 
 They think, that whatever is called old mu^l 
 have the deraif of ituie upon it, and truth too wrre 
 liable to mould and rottenness. Locke. 
 
 3. Declension from pro.sperity 
 
 .And if thy brt.thrr t.e waxen (loor, and fallen 
 in decay with thee, then thou shah relieve him. 
 
 Levit. XXV. 35. 
 [ am (he very man 
 That, from your (ir^t of dilTereiice and decay. 
 Have foUow'd your sad steps. Shakesp. King Iaot. 
 
 4. The cause of decline. 
 
 He that seeketh to be emifient amonnst able 
 men, hath a great task ; but that is ever f;ood for 
 the publick : but he that plots to be the only fi- 
 gure among cyphers, is the decay of a whole age. 
 
 hacon_ 
 
 Deca'yer.ti s.\iTom decay.'] That which 
 causes decay. 
 
 Vour water is a S' re decayer of your wliorson 
 dead body. * Shakesp. HamUt. 
 
 DECE.-V.SK. n.s. fdecesms, Lat.] Death; 
 departure from life. 
 
 Lands are by human law, in some places, aftei 
 the owner's dtreiise, divided unto all his children ; 
 in some, all descendeth to the eldest son. Hts^ktr. 
 
 To Dece'ase. v. n. [decedo, Lat.] To die; 
 to depart from life. 
 He tells us .-Vrtbur is deceas'd to-night Shakesp. 
 \ ou shall die 
 Twice now, where <itbers, that mortality 
 In her fair aims holds, shall but once decease. 
 
 Chapman, 
 His latest victories still thickest came, 
 As, near the centre, nK.tinn doth increase ; 
 
 Till he, press'd down by his own weighty name. 
 Did, like the vestal, mider spo'ih decease. 'Dryden. 
 
 DECEIT, n.s. [decfptio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Fraud ; a cheat ; a fallacy ; any practice 
 by which falsehood is made to pass for 
 tiaith. 
 
 ]\Iy lips shall not speak wickedoes», nor my 
 toiigiie utter deceit. Jo', xxvii. 4. 
 
 2. Stratagem ; artifice. 
 
 His d mand 
 Springs not from Edward's well-meant honest 
 
 love. 
 But from deceit, bred by necessity. Shak. 
 
 3. [In law.] A subtile wily shift or de- 
 vice ; all manner of craft, subtiltj-, guile, 
 fraud, wlliness, sleightness, cunning, co- 
 vin, collusion, practice, and offence, used 
 to deceive anotlicr man by any means, 
 which hath no other proper or particular 
 name but ofTtncc, Cowelt. 
 
 Deck'itfl'u udj. [dtceit and fill/.] Frau- 
 dulent ; full of deceit. 
 
 I grant hiui bloody. 
 Luxurious, avaricious, false, dcce'tful. Shakesp. 
 
 '1 he lovely young Lavinia once bad friends. 
 And fartui4e sniil'd^ deceitful, on lier birth. 
 
 Thomson. 
 DECE'lTFULLY.ffrf;-. [fromdeceil/ul.J Frau- 
 dulently ; with deceit. 
 
 Exercise of form may be deceitfully dispatched 
 of course. 11 ottan. 
 
 Dece'itfulness. n. s. [from dectitJuL] 
 The quality of being fraudulent; ten- 
 dency to deceive. 
 
 The care of this world, and tire dccei*i'vlness of 
 riches, choke the word, and he becymetli uniVuit- 
 ful. .Vol. lii. i-i. 
 
 Dece'IVABLE. adj. [from deceive.'] 
 I . Subject to fraud ; exposed to impos- 
 ture. 
 
 Man was not only deceiv<ihU iti his iutegritj, 
 but tlie angels of light in all their clarity. 
 
 BrounsVtilg. frr 
 
 475
 
 DEC 
 
 How would thou use mtf now, blind, ana thereby 
 Decehabte, in most tilings as a ciiild 
 Helpless ? liciice easily coutemn'd and scoru'd, 
 And last licglcclcd. Jl/i((im. 
 
 2. Subject to produce errour; deceitful. 
 
 It is i;n()d tii coiisid**!- (jf deformity, nctt as a 
 S'gn, « hicli is more ileceii'uiilc, but as a cause « liicli 
 selduin failetb ot llii- elU ct. Bacon. 
 
 He received nolliing but fair promises, wbicli 
 proved deceimble. Hayward. 
 
 everfailing trust 
 
 III mortal strenglh ! and oh, whatnot in man 
 Deceic'ibk and vain ? Milton. 
 
 Dece'ivablkness. ft. s. [from dtceiva- 
 b/e.] Liableness to be deceived, or to 
 deceive. 
 
 He that has a great patron, has the advantage 
 of his negligence and deceivtibleness. 
 
 GoL^ernrncnt cj'thc Tongue. 
 
 To DECE'IVE. V. a. [decipio. Lit.] 
 
 1 . To cause to mistake ; to bring into er- 
 rour ; to ini)30se upon. 
 
 Some have been deceived into an opinion, that 
 there was a divine right of primogeniture to botli 
 estate and power, Locke. 
 
 2. To delude by stratagem. 
 
 3. To cut off from expectation, with of 
 before the thing. 
 
 The Turkish general, rferc'rcrf of his expectation, 
 withdrew his fleet twelve miles off. KnoUcs. 
 
 1 now belicv'd 
 
 - The happv day approacli'd, nor are my hopes 
 deceiv'd. Dryden. 
 
 4. To mock ; to fail. 
 
 They rais'd a feeiilc cry with trembling notes. 
 But the weak voice deceio'd tlieir gasping throats. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 5. To deprive by fraud or stealth. 
 
 Wine is to be forborne in consumptions, for that 
 the spirits of the wine prey on tlie viscjd juice of 
 the body, intercomnioii with the spirits of the 
 body, and so deceive and rob them of their nou- 
 rishnient. Bacon. 
 
 Plant fruit trees in large borders, and set there- 
 in tine flowers, but tliin and sparingly, lest they 
 deceive tlie trees. Bacon. 
 
 Dece'iver. n.s. [from deceive.] One that 
 leads another into errour ; a cheat. 
 Si"h no more, ladies, sigh no more ; 
 
 ftlen were deceivers ever ; 
 One foot in sea, and one on shore ; 
 
 To one lliin:: constant never. Shakesp. 
 
 As for Perkin's dismission out of France, they 
 interpreted it not as if he were delected for a 
 counterfeit deceiver. _ Bacon. 
 
 Those voices, actions, or gestures, which men 
 have not by any compact agreed to make tlie in- 
 struments of Conveying their thoughts one to an- 
 other, are not the projjer instruments of deceiv- 
 ing, so as to denominate the person using tliein a 
 liar or deceiver. South. 
 
 It is to be admired how any deceiver can be so 
 weak to foretel things near at hand, when a very 
 few months must of necessity discover the impos- 
 ture. Swift. 
 Adieu tlie heart-expanding bowl. 
 And all tlie kind deceiversoi the soul. Pope. 
 Dece'mber. n. s. [decembir, La.t.] Ihe 
 last raontli of the year ; but named de- 
 cember, or the tenth month, when the 
 year began in March. 
 
 Men are April when they woo, and December 
 when they werl. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 What should we speak of 
 When we are old as you ? When we shall hear 
 The rain and wind beat dark Decemtier. Shakesp. 
 
 Dece'mpedal. adj. [from decempeda, 
 Lat.] Ten feet in length. Diet. 
 
 Dece'.mvirate n. s. \decemviratus, Lat.] 
 The dignity and office of the ten go- 
 
 DEC 
 
 vernours of Rome, who were appointed 
 to rule the commonwealth instead of 
 consuls: tiieir autliority subsisted only 
 two years. Any boilv often men. 
 
 DK'CENCE \n. «. [d'eeeiice, Fr. decef, 
 
 DE'CENCY. I Lat.] 
 
 1 . I'ropriety of form ; proper formality ; 
 becoming ceremony : deccnce is seldom 
 used. 
 
 Those thousand decencies, that daily flow 
 From all her words anil actions. ■ Milton. 
 
 In good works there may be goodness in the 
 general : but dcceuce and gracefulness can be only 
 ni the particuLtrs in doing the good. Spmt. 
 
 Were the oflices of religion slript of all the ex- 
 ternal decencies of worship, ihey would not make 
 a due impression on tlie minds of those who assist 
 at them. Atterbnrii. 
 
 She speaks, behaves and acts just as she ouglii ; 
 But never, never reach'd lu.e gen'rous thought ; 
 \'irtue she finds too painful an endeavour. 
 Content to dwell in decencies for ever. Pope. 
 
 2. .Suitableness to character ; propriety. 
 
 And must I own, she said, my secret smart. 
 What with more decence were in silence kept ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The consideration immediately subsequent to 
 the being of a thing, is what agrees or rii-agrees 
 with tlialt thing ; what is suitable or unsuitable to 
 it ; and from this springs the notion of decency or 
 indecency, that which becomes or misbecomes. 
 
 Sndh. 
 
 Sentiments which raise laughter, can very sel- 
 dnm he admitted with any decency nUo an lieroick 
 poem. Addison. 
 
 3. Modesty ; not rib.ildry ; not obscenity. 
 
 Immodest words admit of no defence ; 
 For want ui decenrii is want of sense. Roscomnuvi. 
 
 Dece'nnial. adj. [from decennitim, Lat.] 
 
 What continues for the space of ten 
 
 years. 
 
 Decenno'val. '^ adj. [decern and no- 
 
 DecenNo'vaRY. ( vcm, hat.] Relating 
 
 to the number nineteen. 
 
 Melon, of old, in the time of the Peloponne- 
 sian war, constituted a decennoial circle, or of 
 nineteen years ; the same which we now call the 
 golden number. Holder. 
 
 Seven months are retrenched in this whole de- 
 cennovary progress of the epacts, to reduce the 
 accounts of her motion and place to those of the 
 sun. Holder. 
 
 De'cent. adj. [decens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Becoming; fit; suitable. 
 
 Since Ihere must be ornaments both in painting 
 and poeiry, if they are not necessary, they must 
 at least he'decent ; "that is. in their due place, and 
 but moderately used. Dryden. 
 
 2. Grave; not gaudy; not ostentatious. 
 
 Come, pensive nun, devout and pure. 
 Sober, stedfast, and demure. 
 All in a r.be of darkest grain 
 Flowing with mnjestick Irain, 
 And sable stole of Cyprus lawn 
 O'er the decent shoulders drawn. Milton, 
 
 S. Not wanton ; not immodest. 
 De'cently. (idv [from decent.] 
 1. In a proper manner ; with suitable be- 
 haviour ; witlioul meaimess or ostenta- 
 tion. 
 
 They could not decently refuse assistance to a 
 per-on, who had punished those W'ho had insult- 
 ed their relation. Broome. 
 Perfnrin'd what friendship, justice, truth re- 
 
 Sivift. 
 
 quio 
 
 What could he more, but decently retire 
 2. Without immodesty. 
 
 Past hope of safety, 'twas his latest Care, 
 Like falling Cesar, decently to die. Dryden. 
 
 Deceptibi'lity. 71. s. [from deceit.] Lia- 
 bleness to be deceived. 
 
 DEC 
 
 Some crrours are so fleslied in us, tliat they 
 maintain their interest upon the deceptibilityaf tnir 
 decayed natures. Glanvilte_ 
 
 Deceptible. adj. [from deceit ] Triable 
 to be deceived ; open to imposture ; sub- 
 ject to fraud. 
 
 'I'lie iiist and father cause of common errour, 
 is the comiiion inliriuity of human nature ; of 
 whose dcceptible condition, perhaps, there should 
 not need any oilier eviction, than the frequent 
 errours we shall ourselves commit. Brown. 
 
 Dece'ptioN. n.s. [dcceptio, Lat.] 
 1 . The act or means of tleceiving ; cheat ; 
 fraud ; fallacy. 
 
 Being thus divided from truth in themselves, 
 they are yet farther removed by advenient decep- 
 tion. Brown. 
 AWdeccplion is a misapplying of those signs, 
 which, by enmiiact or institution, were made the 
 means of men's signifying or conveying their 
 thoughlo. South. 
 
 ■2. The state of being deceived. 
 
 Reason, not impossibly, may meet 
 .Some specious object h^ Itie i'oe suboru'd. 
 Anil fall into deception unaware. Milton. 
 
 Dece'ptious. adj. [from deceit^ Deceit- 
 ful; apt to deceive. 
 
 Yet there is a credence in my heart. 
 That doth invert th' attest of eyes and ears ; 
 As if tliosL' organs had deceptions functions. 
 Created only to calumniate. Shahe.*p. 
 
 Dece'ptive. adj. [from deceit.] Having 
 the power of deceiving. Diet. 
 
 Dece'ptory. adj. [from deceit.] Con- 
 taining means of deceit. Diet. 
 
 DECE RP T. adj. [decerptun, Lat.] Crop- 
 ped ; taken off. Diet. 
 
 Dece'rptible. adj. [decerpo, Lat.] That 
 may be taken off. Diet. 
 
 Dece'rption. ?(. s. [from decei-pt.] The 
 act of cropping or taking off. Diet. 
 
 Dece'rtation. n.s. [decerlatio, Lat.] .A. 
 contention ; a striving ; a dispute. Did. 
 
 Dece's.siox. n. s. [decessit, Lat] A de- 
 parture ; a going away. Diet. 
 
 To Decha'rM. 1'. a [decharmer, Fr.] To 
 counteract a charm ; to disenchant. 
 
 Notwithstanding the help of physick, he w.as 
 suddenly cured by deeharming the v. itchciaft. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 To DECFDE. v. a. [decide, I^at.] 
 
 1 . To fix the event of; to determine. 
 
 The day approacli'd, when fortune should decidn 
 Th' important enterprize, and give the bride. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To determine a question or dispute. 
 
 In council oft, and oft in battle tried, 
 Bet\^ixt thy master and the world decide. Grany. 
 
 Who shall decide, when doctors disagree, 
 And soundest casuists doubt ' Fife. 
 
 De'cidence. M.S. [deeidentia, Lat.] 
 
 1 . 1 he quality of being shed, or of falhng 
 off. 
 
 2. The act of falling away. 
 
 Men observing the dccidencc of their horn, do 
 fall upon the conceit that it annually rotteih away, 
 and successively renew-eth again. 
 
 Erouin's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Decider, n. s. [from decide.] 
 
 1. One who determines causes. 
 
 I cannot think that a je5t^^ or a monkey, a 
 droll or a puppet, can he proper judges or decider* 
 of controversy. H atts. 
 
 The man is no ill dccirffi- in common cases of 
 pro|)erty, where party is out of the qiiestiun.Stti/t 
 
 2. One who determines quarrels. 
 
 476
 
 DEC 
 
 DECIDUOUS, adj. [deciduus, Lat.] Fall- 
 inn- ; not perennial ; not lasting through 
 
 the year. 
 
 In botany, tlie perianthium, or calyx, is decidu- 
 ous, with tlie fluwcr. Quincy. 
 
 Deci'uuol'sness. n. s. [from deciduous.] 
 Aptness to fall ; quality of fading once a 
 year. Diet. 
 
 De'cimal. adj. [decimtis, Lat.] Num- 
 bered by ten ; multiplied by ten. 
 
 In ihcwav we take now to name numbers by 
 millions of millions of millions, it is liard to go 
 beyond eighteen, or, at most, four and twenty 
 decimal progressions, without confusion. Lockt. 
 
 To DECIMATE, v. a. [decimus, Lat.] To 
 
 tithe ; to take the tenth. 
 Decima'tion. n. s. [from decimate.'] 
 
 1. A tithing ; a selection of every tenth by 
 lot or otherwise. 
 
 2. A selection by lot of every tenth soldier, 
 in a general mutiny, for punishment. 
 
 By decimation and a tithed death, 
 Take thou the destin'd tenth. Shakesp. 
 
 A decimation I will strictly make 
 Of all who my Charinus did forsake ; 
 And of each legion each centurion shall die. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To DECl'PHER. v. a. [dechiffrer, Fr.] 
 J. To explain that which is written in ci- 
 phers : this is the common use. 
 
 Zelmane, that had the same character in her 
 heart, could easily decipher it. Sidney. 
 
 Assurance is writ in a private character, iiot to 
 be read, nor understood, but by the conscience, 
 to which the spirit of God has vouchsafed to de- 
 cipher it. South. 
 
 2. To unfold ; to unravel ; to explain : as, 
 to decipher an ambiguous speech. 
 
 3. To write out ; to mark down in chai-ac- 
 ters. 
 
 Could 1 give you a lively representation of guilt 
 and horrour on "this hand, and paint out eternal 
 wrath and decipher eternal vengeance on the other, 
 then niijiht 1 ^lle^v you the condition of a sinner 
 hearing himself denied by Christ. South. 
 
 Then were laws of necessity invented, that so 
 every particular subject might find his principal 
 
 f)lcasuie deciphered unto hini, in the tables of his 
 aws. Locke. 
 
 4. To stamp ; to characterise ; to mark. 
 
 You are both decipher'd 
 For villains mark'd with rape. Shahefp. 
 
 Deci'pherer. n.s. [from decipher,] One 
 
 who explains writings in cipher. 
 Deci'sion. n. s. [from decide.] 
 1. Determination of a difference, or of a 
 doubt. 
 
 The time approaches. 
 That will with due decision make us know 
 What we shall say we have, and what we owe. 
 
 Shakeip. 
 Pleasure and revenge 
 Have ears more deaf than adders to the voice 
 Of any true decision. Shakesp. 
 
 The'iiuniber of the undertakers, the worth of 
 some of ihem, and their zeal to bring the matter 
 to a decisiim, are sure arguments of the dignitv 
 and importance of it. IVoodteard. 
 
 War is a direct appeal to God for the decision of 
 some dispute, w hich can by no other means be de- 
 termined. Atterburij. 
 
 4. Determination of an event. 
 
 Their arms arc to the last decilion bent. 
 And fortune labours with the vast event. Dryden. 
 
 3. It is used in Scolland for a narrative, or 
 reports of tlie proceedings of tlie court 
 of session there. 
 
 DiCi'siVE. adj. [from decide.] 
 
 DEC 
 
 1 . Having the power of determining any 
 difference ; conclusive. 
 
 Such a reflection, though it carries nothing per- 
 fectly decisive in it, yet creates a mighty confi- 
 dence in his breast, and strengthens him much in 
 his opinion. Atlerbury. 
 
 'Ihis they are ready to look upon as a detercni- 
 nation on their side, and decisive of Uie contro- 
 versy between vice and virtue. liogen. 
 
 2. Having the power of settling any event. 
 
 For on th' event. 
 Decisive of this bloody day, depends 
 The fate of kingdoms. Philips. 
 
 Decisively, adv. [from decisive.] In a 
 conclusive manner. 
 
 Deci'siveness. n.s. [from decisive.] The 
 power of argument or evidence to ter- 
 minate any difference, or settle an event. 
 
 Deci'sory. adj. [from decide.] Able to 
 determine or decide. 
 
 To Deck. i'. a. [decken, Dut.] 
 
 1. To cover ; to overspread. 
 
 Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise 
 From hill or steaming lake, dusky or grey, 
 In honour to the world's great Author, rise ! 
 Whether to deck with clouds th' uncolour'd sky. 
 Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. 
 Rising or falling, still advance his praise. Mi/dni. 
 
 2. To dress ; to array. 
 Sweet ornament ! that decks a tiring divine. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Long may'st thou live to wail thy children's 
 loss. 
 And see another, as I see thee now, 
 Deck'd in thy rights, as thou art stall'd in mine. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 She se<s to work millions of spinning wornis, 
 That in their green shops weave the smooth-hair'd 
 
 silk. 
 To deck her sons. Milton. 
 
 3. To adorn ; to embellish. 
 
 But direful, deadly black, both leaf and bloom. 
 Fit to adorn the dead, and deck the dreary turab. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Now the dew with spangles deck'd the ground 
 
 A sweeter spot of earth was never found. Dryden 
 
 The god shall to his vot'ries tell 
 
 Each conscious tear, each blushing grace, 
 
 That deckd dear F.loisa's face. Prior. 
 
 Deck. n. s [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The floor of a ship. 
 
 Her keel plows hell. 
 And deck knocks heaven. Ben Joiison, 
 
 We have also raised our second decks, and given 
 more vent thereby to our ordnance, trying on our 
 nether overloop. Raleif^h. 
 
 If anv, born and bred under rfecic, had no other 
 information but what sense affords, he would l>e 
 of opinion that the ship was as stable as a house. 
 
 Glanvitle. 
 On high-rais'd decks the hannhty Belgians ride. 
 Beneath whose shade o\w humble frigates go. 
 
 Dryden. 
 At sun-set to their ship they make return. 
 And snore secure on decks till rosy morn. 
 
 Drydens Iliad. 
 
 2. Pack of cards piled regularly on each 
 
 other. 
 
 Besides gems, many other sorts of stones are re- 
 gularly figured : the aiuianthus, of parallel threads, 
 as in the pile of velvet ; and the selenites, of pa- 
 rallel plates, as in a deck of cards. drew. 
 
 De'cker. n. s. [from dick.] A dresser ; 
 
 one that apparels or adorns ; a coverer, 
 
 as a (able-dickir. 
 To DECLAIM, v. n. [d,cIamo, Lat.] To 
 
 harangue ; to speak to the passions ; to 
 
 rhetoricate ; to speak set orations. 
 
 DEC 
 
 What are his mischiefs, consul ? You declaim 
 Against his maimers, and corrupt your own. 
 
 Ben Jonum. 
 
 Tlic splendid decUumingt of novices and men of 
 heat. South. 
 
 It is usual for masters to make their Leys declaim 
 on both sides of an argument. Suijt. 
 
 Dress up all the yirtiies in the beauties of ora- 
 tory, and declaim aloud on the praise of goodness. 
 
 Waits. 
 
 Decla'imer. n. s. [from declaim.] One 
 who makes speeches with intent to move 
 the passions. 
 
 Your salamander is a perpetual dceianner apainst 
 jealousy. Aadipm. 
 
 Declama'tion. n. s. [declamatio, Lat.] 
 A disco;irse addressed to the passions ; 
 an harangue ; a set speech ; a piece of 
 rhetorick. 
 
 The cause why dectamatiom prevail so ereaily, 
 is, for that men suffer themselves to be dclndtii. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Thou mayest forgive his anger, while thua 
 makest use of the plaiimess of his declamation. 
 
 Taj/Ur. 
 
 Declama'tor n.s. [Lat.] A declaimer ; 
 
 an orator ; a rhetorician : seldom used. 
 
 Who could, I say, hear this generous dec/onm- 
 
 tor, n ithout being hred at his noble zeal .' Talier. 
 
 Declamatory, adj. [declamalorius, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Relating to the practice of declaiming ; 
 pertaining to declamation ; treated in the 
 manner of a rhetorician. 
 
 This a while suspended his interment, and be- 
 came a declamatory theme amongst the religion* 
 men of that age. Wonon. 
 
 2. Appealing to the passions. 
 He has run himself into his own declamatari/ 
 
 way, and almost forgotten that he was now setting 
 up'for a moral poet. Dryden. 
 
 Decla'rable. adj. [from declare.] Ca- 
 pable of proof. 
 This is declarable from the best writers. Broun. 
 
 Declara'tion. n. s. [from declare.] 
 I. A proclamation or affirmation ; open ex- 
 pression ; publication. 
 
 His promises are nothing else but deelaratims, 
 what God will do for the good of men. Hooker. 
 Though wit and learning are certain and habi- 
 tual peflections of the mind, yet i\ie declaration 
 of them, which alone brings the repute, is sub- 
 ject to a thousand hazards. .Swutn. 
 There are no where so plain and full declaniticms 
 of mercv and love to the sons of men, as are made 
 in the gospel. TiUalsm. 
 •2. An explanation of something doubtfid. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 3. [In law.] Declaration (dcclaratio) is 
 properly the shewing forth, or laying 
 out, of an action pfr«onal in any suit, 
 thouffli it is used sonielimes tor both per- 
 sonal and real actions. Cowell. 
 
 Declar.v'tive. fl(//. [from dtclare.] 
 
 1. Makins: declaration ; explanatory. 
 The names of ihinsrs should he i>Iways taken 
 
 from something observably decUtrttiee of their 
 (brill or 'mature " " Crew. 
 
 2. MakinjT proclamation. 
 To thi> we nny aod the ivi populi, so dcclaratax 
 
 on the same sitle. ovfft. 
 
 Decla'ratorily. adv. [from declara- 
 tori/. 1 In the form of a declaration ; not 
 in a decretory fonn. 
 
 Andreas Alciatus the civilian, and Fraiiciscus 
 dc Cordua, have both ieclaratoiily confirmed the 
 same. Uriiu-n'j Pn/g. Err. 
 
 477
 
 DEC 
 
 D^ CLa'ratory. adj. [from dtclare.] 
 Affirmative ; expressive ; not Hecretory ; 
 not promissory, but expressing some- 
 tliinji before promiscil or decreed. Tliiis, 
 a dciltiriitorij l.uv, is a new act confirni- 
 iii£r a fanner law. 
 
 1 lu'\i lilesiiiigs art? not ontv declaratory of the 
 COf'il plt^sureaiul iiilt'nti(»ii .I'Gud tuuar'ls the in, 
 but likewise of tlie natural Icndciicj- of tlic lliin;;. 
 
 TiUatS'nt. 
 
 To DECLA'RE. r. a. [dalaro, Lat j 
 
 1. To clear; to free from obscurity: not 
 in use. 
 
 To dcclnre this a little, we must assume that the 
 surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth. 
 
 2. To make known ; to tell evidently and 
 openly. 
 
 It bath been declared unto me of you, that there 
 are contentions among you. 1 Cor. i. 11. 
 
 'I'lie sun by certain signs declares, 
 Both when the south ';)r<.iects a stormyday, 
 
 north will ijutf the" clouds 
 
 rifden's Virgil. 
 
 And when the cleann; 
 away. 
 
 3. To publish ; to proclaim 
 
 Declare his glory among the heathen. 
 
 1 Chron. xvi. 24. 
 
 4. To shew in open view ; to shew an opi- 
 nion in plain terms. 
 
 In Cajsar's army somewhat the soldiers would 
 have had, yet they wiuihl not declare themselves 
 in it, but only deuianded a discbarge. Bacon. 
 We are a considerable body, who, upon a pro- 
 per occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves. 
 
 Addinm. 
 To Decla're. r. n. To make a declara- 
 tion ; to proclaim some resolution or opi- 
 nion, or fityour or opposition : with for 
 or against. 
 
 The internal faculties of will and understanding 
 decreeing and declaring against tbeni. Tai/hr. 
 
 God is said not to have left himself without 
 witness ill the world ; there being something fi.\cd 
 in the nature of men, that will be sure to 'testify 
 and declare for birn. Smth's Sermons. 
 
 Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait ; 
 And then come smiling, and declare/or fate. 
 
 Vrttden. 
 Decla'rement. n. s. [from declare.] Dis- 
 covery ; declaration ; testimony. 
 
 Crystal will calefy into electricity ; that is, into 
 a power to attract straws, or light bodies ; and 
 convert the needle freely placed, which is a de- 
 claremtnt of very ditt'erent jjarts. Brown. 
 
 Decla'rer. It. s. [from declare.] A pro- 
 claimer; one that makes any thing 
 known. 
 Decle'nsion. n. s. [dcclinalio, Lat] 
 1. Tendency from a greater to a less de- 
 gree of excellence. 
 A beaut3--waining and distressed widow. 
 
 DEC 
 
 Declina'tion. n. s. [dcciinafio. Lat.] 
 I. Descent; clianixe tVoni a belter to a 
 
 worse state; diniinution of vigour; 
 
 decay. 
 
 The queen, hearing o( the deciumtion o( a mo 
 iiarchy. tnnk it so jII, as slie would never afler 
 Itear of his suit. liacon. 
 
 Two general motions aii animations liave, tiiat 
 is, their lieHiiniiiig and increase ; and two mure, 
 that is> their state and declbuUion 
 
 Hroum^s Vuli^. Err. 
 Hope wails upon t!ie flow'ry prime ; 
 And sunnuer, ihnuiih it he less i;av, 
 
 Yet is nor look'd <jn as a time 
 Of declination or tiecay. Waller. 
 
 2. The act of i)eiKHnfT down: as, a dccli- 
 nalion of the head. 
 
 3. Variation from rectitude ; oblique mo- 
 tion ; oblicjulty. 
 
 Supposing (here were a declinatUm of atoms, yd 
 will it I'ot eri'ect what they iuteod ; for then ihey 
 do all decline, and sn there "ill be no more con- 
 course than if the^ did perpeiidicularlj' descend. 
 
 Half. 
 
 Tliis declination of atoms in their descent, was 
 itself either necessary- or voluntary. Benlley, 
 
 4. Deviation from moral rectitude. 
 
 That a peccant creature should disapprove and 
 repent of every declination and violation of the 
 rule-^of just and honest, this right reason, dis- 
 coursing upon the stock of its own principles, 
 could not buf infer. Soutlis Scrmom. 
 
 5. Variation from a fixed point. 
 
 There is no declination of latitude, nor variation 
 of the elevation of the pole, notwithstanding what 
 1 _ . 1 JVaodwiird 
 
 The variation of the 
 direction to north and 
 
 DEC 
 
 Sometimes nations will decline so low 
 Froni virtue, which is reason, thai no wrong, 
 liut justice, and some fatal cuise anncx'd. 
 Deprives them of their outward liberty. Millm. 
 
 That empire must deline^ 
 Whose chief support and sinews are of coin. 
 
 Waller. 
 And nature, which all ,icls of life designs, 
 Not like ill poets, in the last declines. IJenham. 
 
 Thus then my lov'd Euryalus appears ; 
 He looks the prop of my declining years ! Dryden. 
 
 Auluniiial warmth declines ; 
 Ere heal is rpiite decay 'd, or cold be(;iin. Dri/rffTi. 
 Failh and morality are declined anions us i'u-j/it. 
 God, in bis wisdom, hath been pleascil to load 
 our rfff/iniiiif years with many suli'erings, with dis- 
 eases, and decays of nature. Swift. 
 
 To Decli'ne. v. a. 
 
 I . To bend downyyard ; to bring down. 
 
 And now fair Phoebus 'gan decline in haste 
 Ilis weary wa:;;;on to the western vale. Spenser 
 
 And leaAes the semblance of a lover, fixt 
 111 melancholy deep, with head declind^ 
 And love-dejected eyes. Tkomsffn. 
 
 . To shun ; 
 tious of. 
 
 to ayoid ; to refuse ; to be cau- 
 
 Even in the afternoon of her best days, 
 Seduc'd the pitch and height of all his thoughts. 
 To base declension. Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 Take the picture of a man in the greenness and 
 vivacity of his youth, and in the latter date and 
 declension of his drooping years, and you will 
 scarce know it to belong to tfie some person. 
 
 South's Sennons. 
 
 2. Declination ; descent. 
 
 We may reasonably allow as much for the de- 
 clcmion of the land.frnm that place to the sea, as 
 for the immediate lieight of the mountain. 
 
 Burnetts Thecnrxf. 
 
 3. Inflexion ; manner of changing nouns. 
 
 Declcimon is only the variation or cliange of 
 the termination of a noun, whilst it continues to 
 lignify tlie same thing. Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 
 Declinable, adj. [from decline.] Hav- 
 ing variety of terminations : as, a declin- 
 alilc noun. 
 
 some have asserted. 
 
 6. [In navigation.] 
 needle from the 
 south. 
 
 7. [In astronomy.] The declinalion of a 
 star, we call its shortest distance from 
 the equator. Brown. 
 
 8. [In grammar.] The declension or inflex- 
 ion of a noun through its various termi- 
 nations. 
 
 9. Declination of a Plane [in dialling] is 
 an arch of the horizon, comprehended 
 either between the plane and the prime 
 vertical circle, if accounted from the east 
 or west ; or else between the meridian 
 and the plane, if accounted from the 
 north or south. Harris. 
 
 Declina'tor. 7 n. s. [from decline.] 
 Decli'natory. S An instrument in di- 
 alling, by which the declination, recli- 
 nation, and inclination of planes are de- 
 termined. Chambers. 
 There are several ways to know the several 
 planes ; but the readiest is by an instrument call- 
 ed a dec/inaterj/, fitted to the variation of your 
 place. Moxon. 
 
 To DECLINE, v.n. [declino, Lat.] 
 1. 'i'o lean downward. 
 
 And then with kind embraces, tempting kisses. 
 And with declining bead into his bosom, 
 Bid him shed tears, as being overjoy'd. Siiakesp. 
 •2. To deviate ; to run into obliquities. 
 
 Neither shalt thou speak in a cause to t/ec/iiie 
 after many, to wrest judi;ment. £juf/(is xxiii. 2. 
 
 3. To shun ; to avoid to do any thing. 
 
 4. To sink ; to be impaired ; to decay. Op- 
 posed to improvement or exaltation. 
 
 Sons at perfect age, and fathers declining, the 
 fatlier should be as a ward to the son. Sltakesp. 
 
 They'll be by tb' lire, and presume to know 
 ^^^hat's done i' tlT eapitol ; who's like to rise, 
 \\ ho thrives, and who declines, Shakesp. 
 
 He had wisely declined that argument, though 
 in their commoii sermons they gave it. Clarendon. 
 
 Since the muses do invoke my pow'r, 
 1 shall no more decline that sacred bow'r, 
 Where Gloriana, their great mistress, lies. WalUr, 
 Though 1 the business did decline^ 
 Vet I contriv'd the whole design. 
 And sent them their petition. Denham. 
 
 If it should be said that minute boilies are in- 
 dissoluble, because it is their nature to be so, that 
 would not be to render a reason of the tiling pro- 
 posed, hut, in eli'eet, to rffe/irie rendering any. Bi>v/c 
 
 Could Caroline have been ca|>tivated w'ith tlie 
 glories of this world, she had hem all laid before 
 her ; but she generously declined them, because 
 she saw the acceptance of them was inconsistent 
 with religion. .4ddis<m, 
 
 \\ haiever they judged to be most agreeable or 
 disagreeable, they would pursue or decline. Atterb. 
 
 3. To modify a word by various termina- 
 tions ; to inflect. 
 
 You decline musa, and construe Latin, by the 
 help of a tutor, or with some English translation. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Decli'ne. n. s. [from the verb,] The state 
 of tendency to the less or the worse ; 
 diminution ; decay. Contrary to in- 
 crease, improvement, or elevation. 
 
 Thy rise of fortune did I onl^' wed, 
 From'its decline determin'd to recede. Prior. 
 Those fathers lived in the decline of literature. 
 
 Stoift, 
 
 DECLl'VITY. n. s. [declivis, Lat.] Incli- 
 nation or obliquity reckoned downwards; 
 gradual descent, not precipitous or per- 
 pendicular ; the contrary to acclivity. 
 
 Rivers will not flow unless upon declivity, and 
 their sources be raised above the earth's ordinary 
 surface, so that they may run upon a descent. 
 
 ]l'oodward. 
 
 I found myself within my depth ; and the decli- 
 vity was so small, that I walked near a mile before 
 1 got to the shore. Gulliver's Travek, 
 
 Declivous, adj. [declivis, Lat.] Gra- 
 dually descending ; not precipitous,; not 
 perpendicularly sinking; the contrary 
 to acclivous ; moilerately steep. 
 
 To DECOCT. V. a. [decoguo, decoctum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 I . To prepare by boiling for any use ; to 
 
 digest in hot water. 
 
 Sena losetli its windiness by decoding ; and sub- 
 tile or windy spirits are taken olf by incension oi 
 evaporation. Bacon, 
 
 478
 
 DEC 
 
 %, To digest by the heat of the stomach. 
 There she decocts, and doth the food prepare ; 
 Tliere she distributes it to ev'r^- vein ; 
 There she expels what she raay titly spare. Dumei. 
 S. To boil in water^ so as to cb*aw the 
 strength or virtue of any thing. 
 
 The longer malt or herbs are decocted in liquor, 
 the clearer it is. Bacon 
 
 4. To boil Up to a consistence; to strength- 
 en or invigorate by boiling: this is no 
 proper use. 
 
 Can sodden water, their barley broth, 
 Decoct their cold blood to such valiant heal 'Shak. 
 
 Deco'ctible. adj. [from decoct.] That 
 which ma}' be boiled, or prepared by 
 boiling. Diet, 
 
 Deco'ction. 7k s. [decoctum, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of boiling any thing, to extract 
 its virtues. 
 
 In infubion the longer h is, the greater is the 
 part of the i:ross body that guclli into liie liquor ; 
 but in decoction, thougli mure ^oelli forth, yet it 
 either purgeth at the top, orselllethat the bottom. 
 
 Bacon . 
 
 The lineaments of n. while lily will remain after 
 tlie strongest rfecvictjon. Arhutlmot. 
 
 2. A preparation made bj boiling in water. 
 
 Thev distil their hushniiJs laud 
 In decoctions ., and are maiiri'd 
 With ten emp'rics, in their clumber 
 Lying fur the spirit of amber. Ben Jonsnn. 
 
 If the plant he boiled in water, the strained li- 
 quor is called the dccoctiaji of the plant. .^r^«f/ino(. 
 
 Deco'c ruRE. n. s. [from decoct.] A sub- 
 stance drawn by decoction. 
 
 Decoll.Vtion. n. s. [dicollatio, Lat.] 
 The act of beheading. 
 
 He, by a decollation of all hope, annihilated his 
 mercy ; 'this, by an immoderancy thereof, de- 
 stroyed his justice. Brown. 
 
 Decomposite, adj. [decomposifusy Lat.] 
 Compounded a second time ; compound- 
 ed with things already composite. 
 
 Decomposites of three metals, or more, are too 
 long to inquire of, except there be some composi- 
 tions of them alreadv observed. Bacon. 
 
 Decomposi'tion. n. s. [decomposituSj 
 Lat.] The act of compounding things 
 already compounded. 
 
 We consiiltT what happens in the compositions 
 and decompoiitiam of >ai;ne particles. Boifle. 
 
 To DECOMPOUND, v. a. [dtcompono, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To compose of things already compoimd- 
 ed ; to compound a second time ; to form 
 by a second composition. 
 
 A'^ature her>elf doth in the bowels of the earth 
 make rftTt>;n/)ounr/erf bodies, as "e see in vitriol, 
 cinnabar, and oven i:i sulphur itself. Boule. 
 
 W hen a w<ird stands tor a very complex idea, 
 th^it is compounded and decomixmnded , it is not 
 easj' fur men to form and retain that idea exaclly. 
 
 LocHe. 
 
 If the viulet. blue, and green he intercepted, the 
 remainini: yellow, orange, and red will compound 
 op(m the pa;ier an oranjic ; and tlien, if tlie inter- 
 cepted colours be let pass, ihey will fall upon this 
 Comptmnded v-range, and, together with it, decom- 
 pound a while yticton. 
 
 2. To resolve a compound into simple parts. 
 This is a sense that has of late crept irre- 
 gularly into ci)ymical books. 
 
 Decompou n d. adj. [from the verb.] 
 Composed of things or words already 
 compounded ; compounded a second 
 time. 
 
 The pretended salts and sulphur are so far from 
 being elementary parts extracted out of the body 
 of mercury, that they arc rather, to borrow a term 
 
 DEC 
 
 of the grammarians, decompouTxd hod\ci, made up 
 of the whole metal and the menstruum, or other 
 additaments employed to disguise it. Hoijle. 
 
 No body should use any com|ioiind or dccnm- 
 poutidu(lf\e substantial verbs, .■irhuthnot and Pope. 
 
 De'corament. n.s. [from decorate.] Or- 
 nament ; embellishment. Did. 
 
 To DE'CORATK v. a. [deccro, Lat.] To 
 adorn ; to embellish ; to beautify. 
 
 Decoration, h. s- [from decorate,] Or- 
 nament; embellishment; added beauty. 
 
 The ensigns of virtues contribute to the <»ma- 
 ment of fij^ures ; such as the decorations belonging* 
 to the liberal arts, and to war. Dryden. 
 
 This helm and heavy buckler 1 can spare, 
 As only decorations of the war : 
 So Mars is arm'd for glory, nut for need. Dryden. 
 
 Decorator. «. s. [from decorate,] An 
 adorner; an embellisher. Diet. 
 
 Deco'rous. adj. [deeorus, Lat.] Decent ; 
 suitable to a character ; becoming ; pro- 
 per ; befitting ; seemly. 
 
 It is nni so decorans, in respect of God, that 
 he should imtnedialely do all the meanest and 
 tiiflingest things himself, wiiliout any inferiour or 
 subordinate minister. Ruy- 
 
 To DFXO RTICATE. vm. [decor tico,Lat.] 
 To divest of the bark or husk ; to husk ; 
 
 to peel ; to strip. 
 
 Take great barhy, dried and decorticated , after 
 it is well washed, and boil it in water, .irbntknot. 
 
 Dkco'rtication. n.s, [from decorticate.] 
 The act of stripping the bark or husk. 
 
 DECORUM, n.s. [Lat.] Decency ; be- 
 haviour contrary to licentiousness ; con- 
 trary to levity ; seemliness. 
 
 If your master 
 Would have a queen his beggar, \-ou must tell him 
 That majesty, to keep decorum, must 
 No less neg tlian a kingdom. Shahesp. 
 
 1 am far from suspecting simplicity, which is 
 bold to trespass in points of decorum. " ^\'otton. 
 Beyond the fix'd and settled rules 
 Of vice and virtue in tlie schools. 
 The better sort shall set before 'era 
 A grace, a manner, a decorum. Pruv. 
 
 Gentlemen of the army should be, at least, 
 obliged to external decorum: a profligate life and 
 character should not be a means of advancement. 
 
 Su-ijt. 
 He kept with princes due decorum, 
 Yet never stuod in awe before 'em. Swift. 
 
 To DLCO'Y. V. a. [from kori/^ Dut acnge.j 
 To lure into a cage ; to entrap ; to ih-aw 
 into a snare. 
 
 A fowler had taken a partridge, who otTered to 
 decoy her companions into the snare. L'Kstrau'^e. 
 
 Decoy'd l>y the fantastic bla/e. 
 Now lost, and now renew'd, he sinks absorpt. 
 Rider and horse. Thomson. 
 
 Deco'y. «. s. [fiotn the verb.] Allure- 
 ment to mischiefs; temptation. 
 
 The Devil could never liave had such numbers, 
 
 had he not used some as decoys to ensnare others. 
 
 Goreijiment of the Tongue. 
 
 These exnberant productions of the earth be- 
 came a continual JtCDj/aiid snare : they otdy ex- 
 cited and fomented lusts. Uixulward. 
 
 An old dramdrinkeris the Devil's decoy. Berkley. 
 
 Deco'yduck. n. 5. A duck that lures 
 others. 
 
 There is a sort of ducks, culled decovduchs, that 
 will bring whole flights of fowl to their retirements, 
 where are conveniencies made for catching them. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 To DECREASE, v. n. [decrtsco, Lai.] 
 To grow less ; to be dimiuished. 
 
 DEC 
 
 From the moon is the sigi. of feasts, a li^'ht that 
 decrtauth in her perfection^. Vccln. xliii. 7. 
 
 Lnto fifty years, as they »aid, ll-o heart annnnlly 
 iiicrea:<clh the weight of one drachm ; after uhicli. 
 in tlte same proportion, it decreauth. 
 
 Hroirn's I*"/g- Err. 
 
 \Vhen the sun comes to his tropicus, n<tys in- 
 crease and dvrreate but a very little ibr a great 
 while together. ' / Xetcton. 
 
 To DecreVse. r. a. To make less; to 
 diuiinish 
 
 He did dishonourahle find 
 Those articles, which did our stale dtcreoie. Dan. 
 
 \or chcrish'd they relation* puor, 
 Tliat mi^ht decremc liieir present ston;. Friar. 
 
 Heat mcreases the fluidity of tenacious liquiils, 
 as of oil, balsatu, and honey j and thereby rif- 
 creases their resistance. teuton. 
 
 Decre'ase. n. s. [from the verb ] 
 
 1. The state of ijrowing less ; ilecay. 
 
 By wcak'nins toil and hoary age o'erconie. 
 See "thy decrease, and hasten to thy tnnib. Prior. 
 
 2. The wain ; the time when tlie visible 
 face of the moon grows less. 
 
 See in what time the seeds, tet in the increase 
 of the moon, come to a certain height, and how 
 they ditfer from those that are set iu the decrease 
 of the Qioon. Bacon. 
 
 To DECRE'E. v. n. [decretum.'Ut.) To 
 make an edict; to appCint by edict ; to 
 establish by law ; to determine ; to re- 
 solve. 
 
 They shall see the end of the wi^, and shuil 
 not understand nhat God in his counsel haili fie- 
 creed of hiiu. IVisdom, iv. 
 
 Father eternal ; thine i? to derrte ; 
 Mine, hoth in heav'n and earth, to do thy will. 
 
 Mitian. 
 
 Had heav'n decreed that I should life enjov, 
 Heav'n had decreed to s.ive unhappy Troy. l)rijj. 
 
 To Decre'e. r. a. To doom or assign by 
 a decree. 
 
 Thou shalt also Jfcree a thing, and it shall he 
 established. Jot, 
 
 The king their father. 
 On just and weighty reasons, has decreed 
 His sceptre to the younger. 
 
 Decree n.s. [decrelum.Lat.] 
 
 1. An edict ; a law. 
 
 If _\ ou deny me, fie u!.on your law ! 
 There is no force in \\\e derre'es of Venice. Shak. 
 
 There «enl a decree from Ca-sar Augustus, il.at 
 all t'.e w*-rld should be taxed. " Lnkeii. 1. 
 
 .\re we condemn' J by fate's unjust decree. 
 No more our houses and our h>>nies to sce.^ Drvd. 
 
 'I'he Supreme Being is sovereignlv cood : he 
 rewards the just, ami punishes the unjust • ai.d 
 the fully of man, aiid lUit the decree of lleJivei., is 
 the cauie of human calamity. Brcotne, 
 
 2. .An e.^tablished rule. 
 
 W hen he made a dtcree for the rain, and a way 
 for the lii;htning of the ihunder. Job xxviii. vo. 
 
 3. .\ deteniiination of a suit, or litigatcil 
 c.Tiise. 
 
 ■i. [in c.nnon law.] An ordinance -nliich 
 is enacted by the pnjx' himself, bv pv:\ 
 ivith the advice of his cardinnU in coisn- 
 cil assembled, without i>ei jj cnnsultevi 
 by any one thereon.. -}///;/^V'j Harcrson. 
 
 Decue'.MENT. U.S. [d:Citmnifum, Lm.] 
 Decrease; tiie state of growing less; the 
 quantity lost by decreasing. 
 
 Uj^ion the tropicli. and first liescension from our 
 solstice, we are scarce sensible of declination ; 
 but declining farther, our decrrmeiU accelera;es : 
 we set apace, afid iu our last iixxs iirccipiiate into 
 our sinives. Hnnrns X'ulnir i'rr-,.i.' -5. 
 
 Rocks, mountains, and the olh,-r elevatiuws 'if 
 the earth, suiTer a continual dccreiiifnl, and gr..>v 
 lonerajid loner. Wi»iieur.i, 
 
 479
 
 DEC 
 
 DECRE'PIT. adj. [decrtpitus, Lat.] Wast- 
 ed and worn out with age; in the last 
 stage of decay. 
 
 X)ecre;?!t miser ! base, ienoble wretch ! Shuhesp. 
 
 Of niLii's lives, in this decrepit age of the world, 
 many exceed fuurscore, and some an hundred 
 years. Ualcigh. 
 
 This pope is ihcrepH, and the bell goeth for 
 liira : take order thai there be cho;>en a pojC of 
 fresh years. Bacim. 
 
 Derrf;^i( superstitions, and such as had their 
 nativitv in times beyond all history, are fresh in 
 the obietvalion of many heads. Brown's Vulg. E»t. 
 
 And from the north to call 
 Decrepit Winter. Milton. 
 
 \V\io this observes, may in his body find 
 Decrepit age, but never in his mind. * Denham. 
 
 Propp'd on Ills staff, and stooping as he goes, 
 A painted mitre shades his furrow'd brows ; 
 The g.d, in this decrepit fnrin array'd, 
 Tl)c j>;irden3 enter'd, and the fruits survey'd.Pu/>r. 
 
 The charge of witchcraft inspires people wiili a 
 malevolence towards those poor decrepit parts of 
 our species, in whom human nature is defaced by 
 infirmity and dotage. Addison. 
 
 To DECREPITATE, i.. a. [decrejjoMi-] 
 To calcine .salt till it has ceased to 
 cracv;le in the fire. 
 
 So will It come to pass in a pot of salt, althoii£;'i 
 decrepitcted. Brotcn's ^'ntg. Err. 
 
 DeCREPIT.Vtion. n. s. [from decirpi- 
 tale.^ The cracklinsj noise Avhich salt 
 makes, when put over the fire in a cru- 
 cible. Qtiiuci/. 
 Decre'pitness. 'I n. .?. [from decrepil.] 
 Decre'pitude. § The last stage of 
 decay ; tlie last effects of old age. 
 
 ?tl(..ther cartli, in tlih her barrenness and decre- 
 ftitntss of age, can procreate such swarms of curi- 
 ous engines. Bentkv. 
 
 Decre'scent. adj. [from dccrescens, Lat.] 
 Growing less ; being in a state of de- 
 crease. 
 
 Decre'tal. adj. [decretum, Lat.] Apper- 
 taining to a decree; containing a decree. 
 
 A decretal epistle is that which the pope decrees 
 either b\' liiinsclf, or t be by the aHvicc of his car- 
 dinals ; and this must be on his bciuir consulted 
 by some particular person or persons thereon. 
 
 Ayiiffe's Pttrcrgon. 
 De'cretal. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. ,\ book of decrees or edicts ; a body of 
 laws. 
 
 The second room, whose walls 
 Were painted fair with memorable gests 
 Of magistrates, of courts, of triltunals. 
 Of laws, of judgments, and u( deci-etais. Spenser. 
 
 2. The collection of the pope's decrees. 
 
 Traditions and decrtifits were made of equal 
 force, and as auLlientical as the sacred charter it- 
 self. Hou-eCi Vocal Forest. 
 
 Decre'tist. «. s. [from decree.] One 
 that studies or professes the knowledge 
 of the decretal. 
 
 The decretists had their rise and becinning under 
 die reign of the emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 
 Aullfc's Parerg. 
 
 De'cretory. adj. [from decree.] 
 
 1. Judicial ; definitive. 
 
 There art lenitives that friendship will apply, 
 before it will be brought to the rffcretor?/ rigours 
 of a condemning sentence. South's Sermons. 
 
 2. Critical ; in which there is some defini- 
 tive event. 
 
 The motions of the moon, supposed to be mea- 
 sured by sevens, and the critical or decntiirtj days 
 depend on that number. Brown's Vulgar Etronh. 
 
 DEC 
 
 Decri'al. w. s. [from deny.] Clamorous 
 censure ; hasty or noisy condemnation ; 
 concurrence in censuring any thing. 
 
 To DECRY'. V. a. [dtcrier, Fr.] To cen- 
 sure ; to bkrae clamorously ; to clamour 
 against. 
 
 Malice in criticks reiiins so hi^h, 
 That for sniallcrroiirs they whole i laysr/ecry.Drurf. 
 
 Those measures, which are extolled by one half 
 of the kingdom, are naturally decried by the other. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 They applied themselves to lessen their autlio- 
 rity, decried them as hard ai:d unnecessary re- 
 straints. Rogers. 
 
 Quacks and impostors are still cautioning us to 
 beware of counterfeits, aiift decty otliers cheats 
 only to make more way for their own. Swift. 
 
 Decu'mbence, )7i.s. [dfcumbot Lat.] 
 Decu'mbency. S The act of lying 
 down ; the posture of lying down. 
 
 This must come to pass, if we hold opinion they 
 lip not down, and enjoy no decmnbence Ht all ; fur 
 station is properly no rest, but one kind nf tuotion. 
 BroiLHS I uli^. F.rr. 
 Not considering the ancient manner of fit'cum- 
 hencii, he imputed tliis ccsture of the hcluvod dis- 
 ciple unto rusticity, or an act of incivility. 
 
 Brouns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Decu'mbiture. m. s. [from decumbG,L^t.] 
 
 1 . The time at which a man takes to his 
 bed in a disease. 
 
 2. [In astrology.] A scheme of the hea- 
 vens erected for that time, by which the 
 prognosticks of recovery or death are 
 discovered. 
 
 If hut a mile she trnvel out of town, 
 The planetary hour must first be known, 
 And lucky inoinent : if lier eye but akes. 
 Or itches, its decumbitnre she" takes. Dryden. 
 
 De'cuple. adj. [decupliis, Lat.] Tenfold ; 
 the same number ten times repeated. 
 
 Plan's lenpth, that i<*, a perpendicular from the 
 vertex unto the sole of the tout, is decuple unto his 
 profundity ; that is, adirectline between the breast 
 and tlie spine. Brc^im's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Supposing there be a thousand sorts of insects 
 in this islanti, if the same proportion holds be- 
 tween the insects of Enijland and of the world, as 
 bclween plants domestick and exolick, that is, 
 near a decuple, the species of insects will amount 
 to ten thousand, Puu. 
 
 Decu'rion. w. s, [dccurio. Lat.] A com- 
 mander over ten ; an officer subordinate 
 to the centurion. 
 
 He instituted r/ecf/WiWis through botli these colo- 
 nies, that is, one over every ten families. Temple. 
 
 Decu'rsion. n. s. [dertasusy Lat.] The 
 act of running down. 
 
 What is decayed by that decursion of \vaters, is 
 
 supplied by ilie terrene fivcts which water brings. 
 
 ^ Hale. 
 
 Decurta'tto v. n. s. [demi'iafio, Lat ] 
 
 The act of cutting short, or shortenincp. 
 To DECU'SSATE. iv a. [dcatsso, Lat.] To 
 intersect at acute angles. 
 
 This it performs by the aclionof a notable mus- 
 cle on each side, havinii the form of the letter X, 
 made up of many fibres, decussating one another 
 longways. Bau. 
 
 Decussa'tion. [from deciissafe.] Theact 
 of crossing ; state of being crossed at un- 
 equal angles. 
 
 Thoueh there be decussation of the rays in the 
 pupil of the eve, and so (he imaL'e of the object 
 ni the retina, or bottom of (he eye, be inverted ; 
 yet doili not the o!)j ct appear inverted, hnf in 
 its right or natural posture. Ka^. 
 
 D E D 
 
 To DEDE'COR.VTE. i- a. [dcderoro.Ut.] 
 To disgrace ; to bring a reproach upon. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Dedecora'tion. n.s. [from drdecorate.] 
 '1 he act of disgracinrr ; disgrace. Diet. 
 
 Dedecorous. adj. [dcdtcus, Lat.] Dis- 
 graceful ; reproachful ; shameful. Did. 
 
 Dedenti'tion. n. s. [de and dcntitio, 
 Lat.l Loss or shetkiing of the teeth. 
 
 Solon divided life into ten scptonaries, becanse 
 iii every one thereof a man received some sensible 
 mutation: in the first is dcdentit.nn, or falling of 
 teeth. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 To i)E'DICATE v. a. [dedico, Lat.] 
 
 1. 'I'o devote to some divine power; to 
 consecrate atid set apart to sacred uses. 
 
 A pleasant grove 
 Was shot up high, full of the stately tree, 
 
 That dedicated is to OlyiU| ick Jove, 
 And to his son Alcides. Spenser. 
 
 The princes olTered for didicaliiig the altar, in 
 the day that it was anointed ynmh. vii. 10. 
 
 _\\'arn'<l by the seer, to her ofTcnded name 
 Vie rais'd, and dedicate, this wond'rous frame. 
 
 X)ryrfen. 
 
 2. To appropriate solemnly to any person 
 or purpose. 
 
 There cannot be 
 T'hat vulture in j'ou, to devour so many 
 As «ill to greaUiess dedicate themselves. Shakesp, 
 
 Ladies, a genVal welcome from his grace 
 Salutes you all : this night he dedicates 
 To fair content and you. ShaJtesp. 
 
 He went to learn the profession of a soldier, to 
 which he had dedicated himself. Clarendon. 
 
 Bid her instant wed. 
 And quiet dedicate her remnant life 
 To tlie just duties of an humble wife. Prior. 
 
 3. To inscribe to a patron. 
 
 He comniled ten elegant books, and dedicated 
 them to the lord Burgliiey. Peacham. 
 
 De'dicate. adj. [from the verb.] Conse- 
 crate; devote ; dedicated, appropriate, 
 
 Pray'rs from preserved souls, 
 From fasting maids, whose names are dedicate 
 To nothing temporal. Shakesp. 
 
 This tenth part, or tithe, being thus assigned 
 unto him, leaveth now to be of the nature of the 
 other nine parts, which are given us forourworld- 
 Iv necessities, and becomcth as a thing dedicate 
 aud appropriate unto God. Speiman. 
 
 Dedica'tion. n. s. [dedicatio, Lat.] 
 1 . The act of dedicating to any being or 
 purpose ; consecration ; solemn appro- 
 priation. 
 
 It cannot be laid to many men's charge, that 
 thev liave been so curlous'as tn trouble bishops 
 with placing: ttie tirst stone in the churches ; or so 
 scrupulous as, after the erection of them, to make 
 any great ado for their dedication. Hooler. 
 
 Among pnblick solenniities there is none so 
 glori(tus as that under the reign of king Solomon, 
 at the dedication of the temple. Addison, 
 
 2- An address to a p.ttron. 
 
 Proud as Apollo on his forked hill. 
 Sat full-blown Bufo. [>utf'd by cv'ry quill ; 
 Fed bv soft dcdicaUon all day long. 
 Horace and he went hand in hand in song. P'lpe. 
 
 Dedicator, n. s [fi-om dedicate.] One 
 who inscribes his work to a patron with 
 cornpliraent ant) servility. 
 
 Leave dang'rous truths to unsuccessful satires, 
 And flattery to fulsome dedicators. Pope. 
 
 De'dicatory. adj. [from dedicate.] Com- 
 posing a dedication ; compliraental ; 
 adulatory. 
 
 Thus I should begin my epistle, if it were a de- 
 dicatmy one ; but it is a friendly letter. Pope. 
 
 480
 
 DED 
 
 Dedi'tion. n. s. [deditio, Lat.J The 
 act of yielding up any thing ; surren- 
 
 dry. 
 
 It was not a complete conquest, but rather a 
 deditiim up n leriiis hiicI capituhitiuns agreed be- 
 tween tlie CI nqueror and the conquered. Hiile. 
 
 To DKDL'Ch:. i». a. [dt diico, Lat.] 
 J. To draw in .1 regular connected series, 
 from one time or one event to another. 
 1 will deduce him from liis cradle, through the 
 deep and lubric waves of slate and court, till he 
 was swallowed in the gulpli of fatality. 
 
 il'ottnn Buck. 
 O goddess, say, shall I deduce ray rhimes 
 From the dire nation in its early tijnes ? Pope. 
 
 2. To form a regular chain of consequen- 
 tial propositions. 
 
 Reason is nothing but the faculty of deducing 
 unkuoun truths from principles already known. 
 
 Locke, 
 
 3. To lay down in regular order, so as 
 that tlie following shall naturally rise 
 from tlie foregoing. 
 
 Lend mc \ our song, ye nightingales ! oh pour 
 Tile mazy-running SLuIof melody 
 Into my varied verse ! while I deduce. 
 From liie first note the hollow cuckoo sinss, 
 The symphony of spring. Thomson. 
 
 Dedi'cement. 71. ». [from deduce] 
 The tiling deduced ; the collection of 
 reason ; consequential proposition. 
 
 Praise and prayer are his due worship, and the 
 rest of those deducemejit.i nhic\i i am confident are 
 the remote eliecls of revelation. Dryden. 
 
 Deducible. adj. [t'lom deduce.] Col- 
 lectible by reason : consequential ; dis- 
 coverable from principles laid down. 
 
 The condition, although deducible from many 
 grounds, yet shall we evidence it but fr^'m fe^v. 
 
 Broaiii ^ulg. Err. 
 
 The general character of the new earth is pa- 
 radisaical ; and the particular character, that it 
 bath no sea : and both are apparently deducible 
 from its formation. Burnet. 
 
 So far, therefore, as conscience reports any thing 
 agreeable to or deducible from these, it is to be 
 hearkened to. South. 
 
 All proj.erties of a triangle depend on, and are 
 deducible from, the complex idea of three lines, in- 
 cluding a space. Loche. 
 Dedu'cu E. adj. [from deduce.} Per- 
 forming the act of deduction. Diet. 
 To DEDU'Cr. D. a. [deduce, L&t] 
 
 1. To substract ; to take away ; to cut off ; 
 to defalcate. 
 
 We deduct from the computation of our years 
 that part of our time which is spent in incogitan- 
 cy of infancy. Koi-ria. 
 
 2. To separate ; to dispart ; to divide. 
 Now not in use. 
 
 Having yet, in his deducted snright. 
 Some sparks remaining of that heavenly fire. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Deduc'tion. n. s. [deducfio, Lat.] 
 1. Consequential collection ; consequence; 
 proposition drawn from principles pre- 
 mised. 
 
 Out of scripture such duties ma^ he deduced, 
 by some kind of consequence ; as by long circuit 
 of deductiou it ma^' be that even alf truth, out of 
 any truth, may be concluded. lUwker. 
 
 Set before you the moral law of God, with such 
 deductiAiiis from it as our Saviour hath drawn, or 
 our own reason, well informed, can make. Duppa. 
 
 That by diversity of motions we should spell out 
 things not resembled by them, we must attribute 
 to some secret deduction ; but what this deduction 
 should be, or by w hat mediums this knowledge is 
 advanced, is as dark as ignorance. Ghniille. 
 
 You have laid the experiments together in such 
 a way, and made such lieduclions from them, as 1 
 have" not hitherto met with. Boyle. 
 
 Vol 1. 
 
 D EE 
 
 All cross and distasteful liumours are either ex- 
 prt'silv, or b^' clear cuiiseiiiience and deduction^ 
 furljid'U'ii in the New Testa men I. TUiOtson 
 
 A rejection so obvttius, tliat natural instinct 
 seems to liave suL'gested it even to those who never 
 much attended to drdttctUms of reason. liogcfs. 
 
 2. That which is deducted ; defalcation. 
 
 Brine llien these blessings t p a strict account ; 
 Make fair deductions; see to what tJiey mount. 
 
 Piipe. 
 
 Deduc'tive. a(/j. [from deduct,] Dt- 
 diicible ; that wl)icii is or may be de- 
 duced from a position premised. 
 
 All kmjwle<lge of causes is deductive \ for we 
 know none by simple intuition, but through the 
 meditation ol" their etiects. Gtanvdle. 
 
 Dedu'ctively. adv, [from deduct iic] 
 Consequentially ; by regular deduction; 
 by a regular train of ratiocination. 
 
 'I'iiere is scarce a popular errour passant in our 
 days, which Is not eidier directly expressed, or de- 
 ductiielu contained, in this work. 
 
 Broicns Vulg. Kjt. 
 
 DEED. n. s. [&38b, Sax. daed, Dut.] 
 J. Action, whether good or bad; tiling 
 done. 
 
 From lou'estplace when virtuous thing's proceed, 
 The place is dignified by th' doer's Wet*/. Shah. 
 
 The mrmster nought' replied j fur words were 
 vain, 
 And deeds could only deeds unjust maintain. Dryrf. 
 
 The same had not consented to the council and 
 deed. Luke. 
 
 We are not secluded from tJie expectation of re- 
 ward for our cliaritable deeds. Smalridge's Serm. 
 
 2. Exploit; performance. 
 
 I, on tlie other side, 
 
 Us'd no ambition to commend my deeds : 
 
 The deeds themselves, tho' mute, spoke loud the 
 
 doer. Milton. 
 
 Thousands were there, in darker fame that dwell. 
 
 Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn. Dryd. 
 
 3. Power of action ; agency. 
 
 Nor knew I not 
 To be with will and deed created free. Milton. 
 
 4. Act declaratory of an opinion. 
 
 They desire, with ^traige absurdity, that to the 
 same senate it shuuld belong to give full Judgment 
 in matter of excomnumication, and to absolve 
 whom it pleased them, clean contrary to their own 
 former deeds and oaths. Hooker. 
 
 5. Written evidence of any legal act. 
 The solicitor gave an evidence for a deed, which 
 
 was impeached to be fraudulent. Bacon. 
 
 He builds his house upon the sand, and writes 
 
 the deeds by which he holds his estate upon the 
 
 face of a river. ^outh. 
 
 6. Fact ; reality ; the contrary to fiction : 
 >vhence the word indeed, 
 
 O tliat, as oft I iiavf at Athens seen 
 The stai;e arise, and the big clouds descend ; 
 So now in very deed I miglit beliuld 
 The pciud'nuis earth, and all yon marble roof, 
 Meet like the hands of Jove. ' Lee's Oedipus. 
 
 Dee'dless. adj. [from deed.] Unac- 
 
 tive; without action ; without exploits. 
 
 Speaking in deeds, and deedUss in his tongue. 
 
 ahakesp. 
 Instant, he cried, your female discord end, 
 Ye deed/ess bt'asters f and the song attend. Pope. 
 
 To DEEM. r.w. part, dtmpt, or deemed. 
 [doms:an, Goth, doemen, Dut. oeuian, 
 Sax.]" 
 
 1. To judge; to conclude upon conside- 
 ration ; to think ; to opine ; to deter- 
 mine. 
 
 Here eke that famous golden apple grew. 
 For which th' Idean ladies disagreed. 
 Till partial Paris dempt it Venus' due. SptJiser. 
 So natural is the union of religion with justice, 
 that we may boldly dee/n there is neither, where 
 both are not. ih\tker. 
 
 DEE 
 
 He who to be deemed 
 A CofI, leap'd fondly into yi.liia flames. MUtam, 
 
 These blcksiiigv, irieod, a deii^ bt-stow'd ; 
 For never can 1 deem him le*** than god. Uryden. 
 
 Nature, di^turb'd. 
 Is deem'd vindictive to have chang'd her course. 
 
 ThomtoA, 
 2. To estimate ; to make estimate of: this 
 sense is now distised. 
 
 Do nie not 10 dy, 
 Ne deem thy force by fortune's doom unjust. 
 That hath, maugrc her spite, thus low me laid in 
 dust. !>i'rater. 
 
 But they that skill not of so heavenly matter. 
 All tli.it they know not, iiivy, or adanie, 
 
 liatherlh'aii envy, let lliLiii winder at her. 
 But not to deem of her desert aspire. Sfemer. 
 
 Dekm. n.s. [from the verb.] Juflgment; 
 surmise ; opinion. Not now in use. 
 Hear roe. my love, be thou but true of heart, 
 —1 true I how now r wtiat wicked deem is this ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Dee'mster. n. s. [from rffem.] .■Xjud-re: 
 a word yet in use in Jersey and the Isle 
 of .Man. 
 
 DEEP. a(/j. [oeep, .Sax.] 
 
 1. Having length downwards; de.scending 
 far ; profound ; 0|)posed to shulliiiv. 
 
 All trees in high and sandy jtroun Is a^e to he 
 set deep, and in watry grounds more shallow. 
 
 Bacon. 
 The gaping pulph low to the centre lies. 
 And twice as deep as earth is distant from the skies. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Low in situation ; not high. 
 
 3. Measured from the surface downward. 
 iVIr. Huiley, in diving deep into the sea in a div- 
 ing vessel, found, in a clear sun-shine day, that 
 wiien he was sunk many fathoms deep into the 
 water, the upper part of his hand, in which the 
 sun shone directly, appeared of a ltd Colour. 
 
 .Vcirton. 
 
 4. Entering far ; piercing a great way. 
 
 I'his avarice 
 Strikes deeper, grows with more pernicious root. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 For, even in that season of they ear, the wave 
 
 in that vale were very deep. Clarendon. 
 
 Thou hast not strength such labours to sustain : 
 
 Drink hellebore, my boy '. drink deep, and scour 
 
 thy brain. Vryden. 
 
 5. Far from the outer part. 
 
 So the false spider, when her nets are spread, 
 Deip ambush'd in her silen' den does lie. Dryd. 
 G. Not superficial ; not obvious. 
 
 If the matter be knotty, ami the senss lies deep, 
 the mind must stop and buckle to it, and stick 
 upon it with labour and thought, and close con- 
 templation. ^ Locke. 
 
 7. S;ioacious ; penetrating ; having the 
 power to enter far into a subject. 
 
 \\ ho hath not heard it spoken, 
 How dee}t you wsre within the books of lieav'n ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The spirit of deep phropliecy she ha'.h. ^ake^. 
 He's meditating with two deep divines. Sliak, 
 He in my ear 
 Vented much policy and projects deep 
 Of enemies, of aids^ battles, and leagues. 
 Plausible to the world, to me worth nought. Mitt. 
 I do not discover the helps which this great man 
 of rfffp thought mentions. Lockt. 
 
 8. Full of contrivance ; politick ; insidu- 
 ous. 
 
 \Vlien I have most need to employ a friend. 
 Deep, hollow, treacherous, and full of guile. 
 Be he to me. Shakesp. Rich. UL 
 
 9. (irave ; solemn. 
 
 OGod ! if mv-tit'cppray'rscannol appeasethee, 
 But thou wilt be aveng'don my misdeeds. 
 Vet execute thy wrath on me altme. Shak. R. III. 
 
 Nor awful PhtEbus was on Pindus heard 
 AVilh deeper silence, or with more regard. Dryd, 
 
 10. Dark-coloured. 
 
 3Q 481
 
 DEE 
 
 AVlth deeptr hruwn llie grove was overspread. 
 
 Vrydcn. 
 
 1 1. Having a f^reat degree of stilness, or 
 gloom, or sadness. 
 
 And the Lord God caused a deep s/ec;» to fnll 
 upon Ailani. Genesis, ii. '21. 
 
 12. Depressed; sunk; metaphorically low, 
 
 Tlieir deep poverty abounded into tlie rlclics of 
 (heir lil)eralily. 2 Corinthians, viii. 2. 
 
 13. Bass ; grave in sound. 
 
 The sounds m;idc h\ buckets in a well, are deep- 
 er and fuller ih;iu if iHc like percussion were made 
 ill the ujien air. Bacon. 
 
 Deep. h. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. The sea; the main ; the al)yss of wa- 
 ters ; the ocean. 
 
 Vet we did lift up our henits and voices to God 
 abuve, wlio shcwolli Ids wonders in tlie deep. Buc. 
 
 What earth in lier dark bowels could not keep 
 From greedy nicin, lies safer in the dcei). Waller. 
 
 NVhue'er "ihuii art, whom fortune lirings tu keep 
 These rites of Neptune, raonarcli of the deep. Pope. 
 
 2. The most solemn or still part. 
 
 There want not man3' that do fear, 
 
 In deep of night, to walk by this Heme's oak. S'm?;. 
 
 The deep of niiiht is crept upon our talk. Sh(di. 
 
 Virgin face divine 
 
 Attracts the hapless youth through storms and 
 
 waves. 
 Alone in deep of night. Philipa. 
 
 To De'epen r. a, [from deep.] 
 
 1 . To make deep ; to sink far below the 
 
 surface. 
 
 The city of Rome would receive a great advan- 
 tage froni*tlic undertaking, as it would raise the 
 banks and deepen the bed of the Tiber. Addison. 
 
 2. To darken ; to cloud ; to make dark. 
 
 You must (ft'f/)t'7i your colours so, that the orpi- 
 mcnt may be liie liighest. Peacham. 
 
 3. To make sad or gloomy. See Deep, adj. 
 
 Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene, 
 Shades ev'ry'ilow'r, and darkens ev'ry green, 
 Deepens the murmurs of the falling tloods, 
 And breathes a browner horror on the woods. P(^e. 
 
 Deep-mouthed, tulj. [deep and mouths] 
 Having a hoarse and loud voice. 
 
 Huntsmen, I charge thee, tender well my hounds; 
 And couple Clowder with the deep-mouth'd Brach. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Behold the English beach 
 
 Pales in the flood with men, with wives and boys, 
 
 Whose shouts and claps outvoice that deep inontk'd 
 
 sea. Shakesp. 
 
 Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds were 
 
 found, 
 
 And dscp-moutk'd dogs did forest walks surround. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Hills, dales, and forests far behind remain, 
 ^Vh^ie the warm scent draws on the d€e}>-i7iouth'd 
 train. Gaij. 
 
 Deep-musing, adj. [deep and muse.] 
 Contemplative ; lost in thought. 
 
 But he deep-inusiitg o'er the mountains stray'd, 
 Through many thickets of the woudla»id shade. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Dee'ply. adv. [from deep.] 
 
 1 . Toagreat depth ; far below the surface. 
 
 Fear is a passion tliat is most deeply rooted in 
 our natures, and flows immediately from the prin- 
 ciple of self-presen'ation. Titlntsoii. 
 
 Those impressions were made when the lirain 
 was more susceptive of them: they have been 
 rfee/i/t/ engraven at the proper season, and therefore 
 they remain. Watts. 
 
 2. VVith great study or sagacity ; not su- 
 perficially ; not carelessly ; profoundly. 
 
 3. Sorrowfully ; solemnly ; with a great 
 degree of seriousness or sadness. 
 
 He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark, viii. 12. 
 Klockins so deepLif hath swurn ne'er more to come 
 In bawdy-house, tliat he dares not go home.I^t'». 
 
 Upon the deck our careful general stood, 
 Aud deeply mus'd on the succeeding day. Dryd* 
 
 D E F 
 
 4. With a tendency to darkness of colour. 
 
 Having taken of the (/e(^;)/» red juice of buck- 
 thorn berries, I let it drup upon while paper. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 5. In a high degree. 
 
 To keep his promise with him, he had detply 
 otVended both his nobles and people. 
 
 Bacon s Henry VH. 
 De'epness. w. s. [from deep.] Entrance 
 far below the surface , profundity ; 
 depth. 
 
 Cazzianer set forward with great toil, by reason 
 of i]ie deepness of the way, and heaviness of the 
 great ordnance. Knolles. 
 
 Some fell upon stony places, and they withered, 
 because they had no deepness of earth. lil(i(. xiii.5. 
 
 Deer. w. s. [&eoji, Sax. tliier, Tcutonick ; 
 
 6^p, Gr.] That class of animals which 
 is hunted for venison, containing many 
 subordinate species ; as the stag or red 
 deer, the buck or fallow deer, the roe- 
 buck and others. 
 
 You have beaten ray men, killed m3^ deer, and 
 broke open my lod^e. Shakesp. 
 
 The ]iale that held my lovely deer. Waller. 
 
 To DEFA'CE, V. a: [defaire, Fr.] To 
 
 destroy ; to raze ; to ruin ; to disfigure. 
 
 Give me leave to speak as earnestly in truly 
 commending it, as you have done in untruly and 
 unkindly defacing and slandering it. Whitgifte. 
 
 latal this marriage. 
 Defacing monuments of conquered France, 
 Undoing all. Shakesp. 
 
 Pay Inm six thousand, anddefaceihe bond. Shak. 
 
 Whose statues, freezes, columns broken lie, 
 And, though dej'ac\l, the wonder of the eye.Dryd. 
 One nobler wretch can only rise, 
 
 'Tis he whose fury shall deface 
 
 The stoick's image in this piece. Prior. 
 
 Defa'cement. 7i. s. [from deface.] 
 Violation ; injury ; rasure ; abolition ; 
 destruction. 
 
 But what is this image, and how is it defaced ? 
 The poor men of Lvons will tell you, that the 
 image of God is purity, and the defacement sin. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Defa'cer, w. s. [from deface.] De- 
 stroyer ; abolisher ; violator. 
 
 That foul dtfacer of God's handywork 
 Thy womb let loose, to chace us to our graves. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Defa'ilance. n. s. [defaiUance, Fr.] 
 
 Failure ; miscarriage : a word not in 
 
 use. 
 
 The afrections were the authors of tliat unhap- 
 py defailance. Glanville. 
 
 To DEFALCATE. v. a. [from falx, 
 falcis a sickle ; defalquer, Fr.] To cut 
 off; to lop ; to take away part of a pen- 
 sion or salary. It is generally used of 
 money. 
 
 Defalca'tion. n. s. [irova. defalcate.'] 
 Diminution ; abatement ; excision of 
 any part of a customary allowance. 
 
 'I'lie tea-table is set forth with its customary bill 
 of f:ire, and without any thj'alciition. Addisim. 
 
 To Defa'lk. v. u. [See Defalcate.! 
 
 To cut off; to lop away. 
 
 ^Vilat he defidks from some insipid sin, is but to 
 make some oiher more j^jnstful. Decay lytFietif. 
 
 Dei'AM ATiON. 71. s. [from difame.^ The 
 act of detaming or bringing infamy 
 upon another ; cahmiiiy ; reproach ; 
 censure ; detraction. 
 
 Defamation is the uttering of contumelious lan- 
 guage of any one, with an intent of raisinn an ill 
 fame of the party; and this extends to writing, as 
 by defamatory libels ; and to deeds, as rcpr(»ach- 
 iul postures, signs, and gestures. Aylijfe. 
 
 D E F 
 
 Be silent, and beware, if such you see ; 
 Tis difamation but to say, tlmt'slie. Drvden. 
 
 ftlany dark and Intricate motives tqere are to 
 detraction and dejamntum ; and many malicious 
 spies are searching into tlic actions of a great man. 
 
 Addisflrt. 
 Defa'matory. adj. [from defame.'] 
 Caliminious ; tending to defame ; un- 
 justly censoriotis ; libellous ; falsely sa^ 
 tirical. 
 
 The most eminent sin is the spreading of defa- 
 matory reports. _ Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Augustus, conscious to himself of fnanv crimes, 
 made an edict against lampoons and satires, and 
 defajwitorif writings. Dryden. 
 
 To DEFA ME. v. a. [de and fama, Lat.] 
 To make infamous ; to censure falsely 
 in publick ; to deprive of honour ; to 
 dishonour by reports ; to libel ; to ca- 
 lumniate ; to destroy reputation by either 
 acts or words. 
 
 I heard the dtfaming of manv. Jer. xx. 10, 
 
 They live as if they professed Christianity mere- 
 ly in sj)ite, to defame it. Decaii oj' Piety. 
 
 M\ guilt thy "growing virtiies did defame ; 
 My blackness blotted lliy unblemish'd name. 
 
 Dniden. 
 Defa'me. n. s. [from the vei'b.] Dis- 
 grace ; dishonour : not in use. 
 
 IMany doughty knights he in his days 
 Had done to death. 
 
 And hung llieir conquer'd arms for more defame 
 On gallow trees. S'penser. 
 
 Defa'mer. n. s. [from defame.] One 
 
 that injures the reputation of another; 
 
 a detractor ; a calumniator. 
 
 It may be a useful trial of the patience of the 
 defamecf, yet the defamer has not the less crime. 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 T« DEFA'TIGATE. v. a. '[ihfatigo, 
 Lat. ] To weary ; to tire. 
 
 The power of these men's industries, never de- 
 futigated, hath been great. Dr. Maine. 
 
 Defatiga'tion. n.s. [defatigatio, Lat.] 
 Weariness ; fatigue. Diet. 
 
 DEFAULT. 71. s. [de/aut, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Omission of that which we ought to do ; 
 neglect. 
 
 2. Crime; failure; fault. 
 
 .Sedition tumbled into England more by the 
 default of governors than the people's. Haywood. 
 
 '\Vc, that know what 'tis to fast and pray, 
 Are ))enitent for your default to-day. Shakesp. 
 
 Let me not raslily call in doubt 
 r)ivine prediction ; w hat if all foretold 
 Had been fulfiU'd, but thro' mine own default. 
 Whom have I to complain of but myself? Milt. 
 
 Partial judges we are of our own excellencies, 
 and other men's defaults. Swifi. 
 
 3. Defect ; want. 
 
 In dcfaidt of the king's pay, the forces were I.iid 
 upon the subiect. Damet. 
 
 Cooks could make artiiicial birds -nnd fishes, in 
 default of the real ones. Arlmthnot ore Coins. 
 
 ■i. [In law.] Non-appearance in court at 
 a day assigned. Coicell. 
 
 To Defa'ult. r. n. [from the noun.] 
 To foil in performing any contract or 
 stipulation ; to forfeit by breaking a 
 contract. 
 
 Defa'ulter. n. s. [from the verb.] One 
 that makes default. 
 
 DEFE'ASANCE. n. s. [defaisance, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of annulling or abrogating any 
 contract or stipulation 
 
 2. Defeasance is a condition annexed to 
 an act ; as to an obligation, a recogn^ 
 zance, or statute, which performed by 
 
 482
 
 DE F 
 
 the obligee, or the cognizee, the act is 
 disabled and made void, as if it had 
 never been done. CowtlL 
 
 3. The writing in which a defeasance is 
 contained. 
 
 4. A defeat; conquest; tlie act of con- 
 quering ; the state of being conquered. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 That hoary king, with all his trRin, 
 Btiiiis arrived \%hore that champion stout. 
 After his iuc\ defeasance , did remain, 
 Hira {loodiy greets, and fair does entertain. Spe7is. 
 Defe'asiule. adj\ [from dtfuire^ Vv. 
 to make \oid.] That which may be 
 annulled or abrogated. 
 
 He came to the crown by o. dcfeasihle title, so 
 wa^ never well settled. Duiics. 
 
 DEFEAT, n. s. [from dtfaire, Fr.] 
 
 1, The overthrow of an army. 
 
 End Marlb'rough's work, and finish the defeat. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. Act of destruction ; deprivation, 
 
 A kins, upon whose life 
 A daran'd defeat was made. Shak. 
 
 To Defe'at. r, a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To overthrow ; to undo. 
 
 Defeat thy favour witli usurped beard. Shak. 
 
 Ye gods, yc make the weak most strong ; 
 Therein, ye gods, ye tyrants do defeat. Skak. 
 
 They invaded Irelanti, and were defeated by the 
 lord INtounljoy. Bacon. 
 
 2. To frustrate. 
 
 To his accu-^ations 
 He pleaded still not guilty, and alleg'd 
 Many sharp reasons to defeat the law. Shah. 
 
 Death, 
 Then due by sentence when thou didst transgress, 
 Defeated ofhis seiii:ure, many days, 
 Giv'n thee of grace. Milton. 
 
 Discovcr'd, and defeated of 3'our prey, 
 You skulk'd. Vriiden. 
 
 He finds himself naturally to dread a superior 
 Being, tiiat can defeat all his designs, and disap- 
 point all his hope*. Tdlotson. 
 
 3. To abolish ; to undo ; to change. 
 Defeature, n. s. [from rf^ and/^'fl/Mrc] 
 
 Change of feature ; alteration of coun- 
 tenance : not in use. 
 
 Grief hath chang'd me, 
 • And careful hours, with time's deformed hand. 
 Hath written strange defeatures in my face. Shak. 
 
 To DEFECATE, v. a. [defaco. Lat.] 
 
 1. To purge liquovs from lees or foulness ; 
 to purity ; to cleanse. 
 
 I practised a way to defecate the dark and ranH- 
 dy oil-ol" amber. Boiile. 
 
 The blood is not stifficiently defecated or claii- 
 fied, but remains muddy. Harveij. 
 
 Provide a brazen tube 
 Iiiflext ; self-taugbt and voluntary flics 
 'i'lie defecated liquor, througli the vent 
 Ascending ; tlien, by downward tract convev'd, 
 Spouts into subject vessels lovely clear. Pfiitipf.. 
 
 2. To purify from any extraneous or no,\i- 
 ous mixture ; to clear ; to brighten. 
 
 We defecate the notion from materialitv, and 
 nbstract quantity, place, and all kind of'corpo- 
 reity from it. GUinville. 
 
 Defecate, adj. [from the verb.] Pur- 
 ged from lees or foulness. 
 
 Wfc are puzzled with contradictions, which are 
 
 no absurdities to defecate faculiies. Glamille. 
 
 This liquor was very defecate, and of a pleasing 
 
 golden ci.li ur. B'Vile. 
 
 Defecation, n.s. [difeecaiio, Lat.] 
 Purification ; the act of clearing or pu- 
 rifying. 
 
 The spleen and liver are obstructed in their 
 offices of rfe/tcalum, whence vicious and dreggish 
 blood. Haneu. 
 
 DEFECT. n.«. [difictus, Ut.] 
 
 D E F 
 
 1 . Want ; absence of something necessary ; 
 insufficiency; the fault opposed to su- 
 perfluity. 
 
 Errors have been corrected, and c/^ecd supplied. 
 
 iJauics. 
 Had this strange energy been less, 
 Defect liad bc-cn as fatal as excess. lilackmffre. 
 
 2. Failing ; imperfection. 
 
 Oft 'lis seen 
 Our mean secures ns, and our mere defects 
 Prove our counnodities. Sbtikesp. 
 
 3. A fault ; mistake ; errour. 
 
 \\i' had rather follow the perfections of them 
 whom sve like not, than in dejects resemble them 
 whom we love. hmker. 
 
 Von praise yourself. 
 By laying defects of Judgment to me. Shokcsp. 
 
 Trust not yourself ; but, your defects to know, 
 j\Iakc use of cv'ry friend — and ev'Vy foe. I^ope. 
 
 ■I. Any natural imperfection; a blemish; 
 a failure, without direct implication of 
 any thing too little. 
 
 ^len, tliro\i"Ii some defect in the organs, want 
 words, yet fail not to e.xpress their universal ideas 
 by signs. Ltcke. 
 
 To Defe'ct. r.n. [from the noun.] To 
 be deficient ; to fall short of; to fail. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Some lost themselves in attempts above huma- 
 nity ; vet the enquiries of most defected by the 
 way, and tired within the sober circumference of 
 knowledge. Broicn's ^'ul<^, Kr'-, 
 
 Defectibi'lity. n. s. [from defettibh:.] 
 The state of failing ; deficiency ; im- 
 perfection. 
 
 The perfection and sufficiency of Scripture has 
 been shewn, as also the dtfecttbilittt of that parii- 
 culiir tradition. Lord bigbii to Sir_ Ken. I)i«i>ii. 
 
 The c*irru)»tion of things corruptible depeiids 
 upon the intrinsical defeetUAUlii of the connection 
 or union of the parts of thiiies corpo'al. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Defe'ctible. adj. [from defect.'] 
 Imperfect ; deficient ; wanting. 
 The extraordinary persons, thus highly favour- 
 ed, were for a great part of their lives in a dcfcc- 
 tlhie condition. liale. 
 
 Defe'ction. w. s. [de/ectio, Lat] 
 
 1. Want ; failure. 
 
 2. A falling away; apostacy. 
 
 This defection and falling away from God was 
 first found in angels, and afterwards in men. 
 
 ^ateigh 
 If we fall away after tasting of the good word 
 of God, how criminal must such a defecticni he ! 
 
 Atterbuni. 
 
 There is more evil owing to our original defec- 
 
 tion from God, and the foollsii and evil disposi- 
 
 ti'ms that are found in fallen man. II atts. 
 
 3. An abandoning of a king, or state ; re- 
 volt. 
 
 He was diverted and drawn from hence by the 
 general defection of the whole realm. Varies. 
 
 Neitlier can this be meant of evil govcrnours 
 or tyrants, but of some perverseness and defection 
 in tlie very nation itself. Bacon. 
 
 Defe'ctive. adj. [from defeclivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Wanting the just qiiantitj'. 
 
 Nor will polished amber, although it send forth 
 a gross and corporeal exhalement, be found a long 
 time defectiee upon the exactest scales. 
 
 Brou-ns Vulg. Err. 
 
 2. Full of defects ; imperfect ; not sufti- 
 cient ; not adeiiuate to the pnrpo?e. 
 
 It subjects them to all the diseases depending 
 upon a dej'ectice projectile motion of the blood. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 It will very little help to cure my ignorance, 
 that this is the best of four or five hypotheses pro- 
 posed, which are all defective. Locke. 
 
 If it renders us perfect in one accomplishment, 
 it generally leaves us dtfccticc in anothei. Addison. 
 
 DE F 
 
 3. Fatdty; vitinus ; blameable. 
 
 Our tragedy writers have been notoriously d«- 
 fectiee in giving proper sentinicuts to the persons 
 they introduce. Addison. 
 
 Defective or rf<y?ciVn/ A'oi/ns. [In gram- 
 mar.] Indeclinable noun.s, or such as 
 want a nuinber, or some particular case. 
 
 Defective fV>'6. [In grammar.] A verb 
 wliich wants some of its tenses. 
 
 Defectiveness, n.s. [from defective.] 
 Want ; the state of being imperfect ; 
 faultiness. 
 
 The lowuessoftcnopens the building in breadth, 
 or the defectiveness of some other particular makes 
 any single part appear in perfection. Addiion. 
 
 DEFE'NCE. n. s. [defcnsio, Lat.] 
 
 1. (iuard; protection; security. 
 
 Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities 
 for defence in Judali. ^ Chronicles, ii. 5. 
 
 The l^rd is your protection and strong stay, a 
 defence from heat, and a cover from the sun. 
 
 EccLes. xxxiv. 16. 
 
 Be thou my strong rock for an house v( defence 
 to save me. Vsalm xx'i. •£. 
 
 Against all this there seems to be no defence, but 
 that of sup[iorting one established form of doctrine 
 and discipline. Su:ijt. 
 
 2. Vindication ; justification ; apology. 
 Alexander beckoned with his hand, and vvoidd 
 
 have lunde his defence unto the people. Acis.x.ix.'iJ. 
 
 .. The youthful prince 
 
 V ith sdwn replied, and made this bold defence. 
 
 'Drudcn. 
 
 :3. Proliibition : this is a sense merely 
 French. 
 
 Severe defences may be made against wearing 
 any linen under a certain breadth. Temple. 
 
 i. Resistance. 
 
 5. [In law.] The defendant's reply after 
 declaration produced. 
 
 6. [In fortification.] The part that flanks 
 another work. 
 
 To Defe'nce. r. a. [thfcnsius, Lat.] To 
 defend by fortification : not in use. 
 
 The city itself he strongly fortifies. 
 Three siaes by six it well def'enced has. Fairfax. 
 
 Defe'nceless. adj. \ivom defence.] 
 
 1. Naked; unarmed; ungtiarded ; not 
 provided with defence ; unprepared. 
 
 Captain or colonel, or knight in arms, 
 Whose chance on these defenceless doors may seize. 
 Guard them, and him wiUiin protect from banns. 
 
 Hilton. 
 My sister is not so defenceless left 
 As you imagine : she has a hidden strength 
 \\ hich you remember not. ilitton. 
 
 .\\\ me ! that fear 
 Comes thimd'ring hack witli dreadful reTC.lution 
 On my defenceless head. Milton, 
 
 On a slave disarm'd, 
 Defenceless, and submitteri to my rage, 
 .•\ base reveuiie is vengeance in myself. Dryden. 
 
 2. Impotent] unable to make resistance. 
 Will such a multitude of men employ 
 
 Their strength against a weak defenocless bov .' 
 
 Aidisim. 
 
 To DEFEND, r. a. [de/nido, Lat. de- 
 
 frndrc, Fr.] 
 
 1. To stand in defence of; to protect ; to 
 support. 
 
 There arose, to defend Israel, Tola the son of 
 Puah. Judgeu 
 
 Deliver me from mine rnemtes, O my God : 
 defend me from them that rise up against me. 
 
 Psalm lii. 1. 
 
 Heav'n defend your souls, that you tliink 
 1 will your serious and great business scant. S^at 
 
 2. To vindicate ; to uphold ; to assert ; 
 to maintain. 
 
 433
 
 1) E F 
 
 Ttie queen <m the tlirone, by God's assistance, 
 is al'le to (/r/i»(rnicrself iigaiiist all lier mujesty's 
 enemies hihI iillifs put tu^ellior. Su'ijt. 
 
 3. 'Jo fortify ; to secure. 
 
 And here ili' access a olooiuy grove defends, 
 And litre til' uniKivigable lake extends. Di>iden. 
 A villaj^e near it was defended by the river. 
 
 Clareudon. 
 
 4. To prohibit ; to forbid, [dcfendre, Fi\] 
 
 \\'here can yon say, in any manner, age, 
 That ever God defended marriage ? Chaucer. 
 
 sons ! like one of us man is become. 
 To know bulh good and evil, since his taste 
 
 Of that defended fruit. MUton. 
 
 The use I'f wine is little practised, and in some 
 
 places dijtiided by customs or laws. Temple. 
 
 5. To maiiitain a place, or cause, against 
 those that attack it. 
 
 Let me be foremost to defend the throne, 
 And euard my father's glories and my own. Pope. 
 
 So liave I seen two rival wits contend, 
 One briskly charge, one gravely wise defend. Smith. 
 
 Defendale. adj. [from defend,} That 
 
 may be defended. 
 Defe'ndant. adj. [from defendo, Lat] 
 
 Defensive ; fit for defence. 
 
 Line and new repair our towns of war 
 With men of courage, and with means defendant. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Defe'ndant. «. s. [from the adjec- 
 tive.l 
 
 1. He that defends against assailants. 
 
 Those hii^h towers, out of whicli the Romans 
 might more conveniently fight wiili the dejendants 
 on the wall, those also were broken by Arclynie- 
 des' engines. WilkitKS Math. Magic. 
 
 2, [In law.] The person accused or sued. 
 
 This is the day appointed for the combat. 
 And ler.dy are In' appellant and defendant. Shak. 
 Plainlilf dog, and bear defendant. Hudibras. 
 
 Defe'nder. 71. s. [defensor, Lat.] 
 J. One that defends ; a champion. 
 
 Banisli your defenders, till at length 
 Your ignorance deliver 3'ou, 
 As most abated captives, to some nation 
 That won you without blows. Shahesp. 
 
 Do'st lluju not mourn our pow'r employ 'd in 
 vain, 
 
 And the defenders of our city slain .'' Vryden. 
 
 2. An asserter ; a vindicator. 
 
 Undoubtedly there is no way so effectual to 
 betray the truth, as to procure it a weak drfoidcr. 
 
 South. 
 
 3. [In law.] An advocate ; one that de- 
 fends another in a court of justice. 
 
 Defensative. n. s. [frova defence,} 
 3 . Guard : defence. 
 
 A very unsafe defemative it is against the fury 
 
 oi the lion, and surely no belter than virginity, or 
 
 blood royal, which Pliny duth place in cock-brotli. 
 
 Brown s Vatg. Err. 
 
 If the bishop has no other de/e«sutiye5 but ex- 
 communication, no other power but that of the 
 keys, he may surrender up his pastural staii'.Sonth. 
 2. [In surgery.] A bandage, plaster, or 
 the like, used to secure a wound from 
 outward violence. 
 
 Defe'nsible. adj, [from defence.] 
 
 1. That may be defended. 
 
 A field. 
 Which nothing but the sound of Hotspur's name 
 Did seem to make defensible. Shakesp. 
 
 They must make themselves defensible both 
 against the natives and against strangers. Bacon. 
 
 Having often heard Venice represented as one 
 of tlie most dcfcnslhle cities in the world, I in- 
 formed niysclf'iu wliat its strength consists. ^(/t/w. 
 
 2. Justifiable; right; capable of vindi- 
 cation. 
 
 1 conceive it very defensible to disarm an adver- 
 sary, and disablv' him from doing mischief. ColUe^\ 
 
 D E F 
 
 Defe'nsive. adj. [defensif, Fr, from 
 defendensy Lat.] 
 
 1 . That serves to defend ; proper for de- 
 fence ; not offensive. 
 
 He would not be persuaded by danger to offer 
 any offence, but only to stand upon the best de- 
 fensive guard be could. Sidneif. 
 
 My unpreparedness for war testifies for me that 
 I am set on the defensive part. ^"'o Charles. 
 
 Defensive arms fay by, as useless here, 
 Wiiere raassv halls the ueighbourinp rocks do tear. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 2. In a state or posture of defence. 
 
 \Vliat stood, rccoU'd, 
 Dp.fensive scarce, or with pale fear surpris'd, 
 Fled ignominious. Milton. 
 
 Defe'nsive. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. Safeguard. 
 
 ^Vars preventive, upon just fears, are trite rfe- 
 Jl'nsit'es, as well as on actual invasions. Bacon. 
 
 2. State of defence. 
 
 His majesty, not at all dismayed, resolved to 
 stend upon tfie defensive only. Clarendon 
 
 Defe'nsively. adv. [from defensive.'] 
 
 In a defensive manner. 
 Defe'nse. part. pass, [from defence.'] 
 
 Defended. Obsolete. 
 
 Stout men of arms, and w ith tlieir guide of power. 
 Like Troy's old town def'enst with Ilion's tower. 
 
 Faiii'ax. 
 
 To DEFE'R. V. n. [from differo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To put off; to delay to act. 
 
 He will not long defer 
 To vindicate the glory of his name 
 Against all competition, nor will long 
 Endure it, Milton. 
 
 Inure thyself betimes to the love and practice 
 of good deeds ; for the longer thou deferrest to be 
 acquainted with them, the less every day thou 
 wilt tind thyself disposed to them. Atierliurii. 
 
 2. To pay deference or regard to another's 
 opinion. 
 
 To Defer v. a. 
 
 1. To withold ; to delay. 
 
 Defer the prfimis'tl boon the goddess cries. P/^ie. 
 
 Neither is this a matter to be deferred till a more 
 
 convenient time of peace and leisure. Sivift. 
 
 2. To refer to ; to leave to another's judg- 
 ment and determination. 
 
 The commissioners (/e/erred tlie matter unto the 
 earl of Northumberland, who was the princi()al 
 man of authority in those parts. Bacon. 
 
 Deference, n. s. [deference, Fr.] 
 
 1. Regard ; respect. 
 
 Virgil could liave excelled Varius in tragedy, 
 and Horace in lyric poetry, but out of deference to 
 his friends he attempted neither. Uryden. 
 
 He may be convinced that he is in an error, by 
 observing those persons, for whose wisdom and 
 goodness he has the greatest deference, to be of a 
 contrary sentiment. Swift. 
 
 2. Complaisance ; condescension. 
 
 A natural roughness makes a man uncomplai- 
 sant to others ; so that he has no dference for their 
 inclinations, tempers, or conditions. Locke. 
 
 3. Submission. 
 
 Most of our fellow subjects are guided either 
 by the prejudice of education, or by a deference 
 to the judgment of those who, [)erlia|)s, in their 
 own heal ts, disap|)rove the opinions which they 
 industriously spread among the multitude. Addis. 
 
 De'ferent. adj. [from deferens, oi de- 
 Jero, Lat.] That carries up and down. 
 
 The figures of pipes or concaves, through which 
 sounds pass, or of other bodies (^c/eroit, conduce 
 to the variety and alteration of the sound. Bacon. 
 
 Df.'frrent. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 Thut which carries; that which con- 
 veys. 
 
 It is certain, however, it crosses the received 
 opinion, that sounds mvj be created without air, 
 
 D E F 
 
 though air be the most favourable deferent of 
 sounds. Boctm. 
 
 Dk'i'EREnts. n.s. [In surgery.] Cer- 
 tain vessels in the huin.in bo<ly, appoint- 
 ed for the conveyance of humours from 
 one place to another. Chambers. 
 
 DEFIANCE, n. s. [from d,fi, Fr.] 
 i. A challenge ; an invitation to fight. 
 
 'I'he fiery Tybalt, with his sWord prepar'd. 
 Which, as ho breatii'd dtftance to my ears, 
 He swung about his head. Shaltesp. 
 
 Nor is it just to bring 
 A war without a just defiance made. Dniden. 
 
 2. A challenge to make any impeachment 
 good. 
 
 3. E.xpression of abhorrence or contempt. 
 Tlie Novatian heresy was very apt to attract 
 
 well meaning souls, who, seeing it barie such ex- 
 press dejiiince to apostacy, eould not suspect that 
 it was itself any defectio'n from the faith. 
 
 Decaff of Pietif. 
 
 Nobody will so openly bid defiance to common 
 
 sense, as to atHrm visible and direct contradictions- 
 
 Locke. 
 DEFrClENCE, > n. s. [from dcficio. 
 UEFI'CIENCY. f Lat.] 
 
 1 . Want ; something less than is neces- 
 sary. 
 
 \Vhat is to be considered in this case, is cliiefly, 
 if there be a sufficient fulness or deficiency of blood, 
 fur dilVerent methods are to be taken. 
 
 Jrlnithni^t mi Diet. 
 
 There is no burden laid tipon our posterity, nor 
 any dtfciency to be hcreal'ler made up by our- 
 selves, which has been our case in so many othei 
 subsidies. Addison. 
 
 2. Defect ; failing ; imperfection. 
 Scaliger, findiiig a defect in the reason of Ari- 
 stotle, nitroduceth one of no less dcjiciency him- 
 self. Bnncns Vnig. Err. 
 
 Thou in thyself art perfect, aiid iu thee 
 Is no dcjicien'ce found. Jlfi/ftm. 
 
 \\ e (iiul, ill our own natures, too great evidence 
 of intellectual defcience, and deplorable confessions 
 of human ignorance. GlanviUe. 
 
 What great dejicienccisii, if we come short of 
 others .' Sprat. 
 
 The characters of comedy and tragedy are never 
 to be made perfect, but aUvays to be drawn witli 
 some sjiecks of frailty and defcience, such as they 
 have been describetfto us in history. Dryden. 
 
 Defi'cient. adj. [dtjicietis, from defi- 
 cio, Lat.] failing; wanting; defect- 
 ive ; imperfect. 
 
 O woman ! best of all things as the will 
 Of God otdain'd tliem: his creating hand 
 Nothing imperfect or deficient left. Milton, 
 
 Figures are either simple or mixed : the simple 
 be either circular or angular ; and of circular, 
 either complete, as circles, ^ii deficient, as ovals. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 Neither Virgil nor Hoincr were deficient in any 
 of the former beauties. Dryden. 
 
 .Several thoughts of the mind, for which we have 
 either none, r.r very deficient names, are diligentljr 
 to be studied. Locke 
 
 Deficient Numbers, [in arithraetick] 
 are those numbers, whose parts, added 
 together, make less than the integer 
 whose parts they are. 
 
 Defi'er. 11. s. [from de^, Fr.] A chal- 
 lenger ; a contemner ; one that dares 
 and defies. 
 
 Is it not then high time that the laws should 
 provide, by the most prudent and etfectual means, 
 to curb those bold and insolent defers of Heaven? 
 
 Tillotsim. 
 
 To DEFILE. V. a. [afilan. Sax. from 
 
 ful foul.] 
 I. To make foul or impure ; to make 
 
 nasty or filthy ; to dirty. 
 
 484
 
 DE F 
 
 There is a tiling, Harry, known to many in our 
 laud by tlie nauif (if pilcli ; this pitcli, as anciciil 
 writers ilu re|iiirt, iludi ilijiie. Shulccsii. 
 
 He is justly rixkoiieii aiii'. lis the greatest |irf- 
 latcs uf'tliis aye, however liis cliuractcr may lie 
 dejileii by mean uiul dirty hands. ■V"'f/i'. 
 
 2. To pollute; to make legally or ritually 
 
 iraptiie. 
 
 That w'Irich dielb of itself he shall not eat, to 
 dejile hiuiself llieiew iih. Lev. ixii. «. 
 
 Neither shall he ile/ile himself for his father. 
 
 Lvv. xxi. 11. 
 
 9. To corrupt chastity ; to violate. 
 Ev'ry objeet liis oHVncc revil'd ; 
 The liusband ni'urder'd, and the wife dr/il'd. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 4. To taint ; to corrupt ; to vitiate ; to 
 make guilty. 
 
 Forgctfuhiess of good turns, defiling of souls, 
 •dultery, and shameless uncleaniiess. 
 
 •' H'isrf. xiv. 26. 
 
 God requires rather that we should die, than 
 
 defile ourselves with im|iieties. SuUmgJieet. 
 
 Let not any instances of sin defile your requests. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 To Defile, v. n. [ dejiler, Fr.] To 
 inarch ; to go off file by file. 
 
 Pefi'le. n.s. [(kjile, Yr.fromjilea 
 line of soldiers, which is derived fiom 
 j^lum a thread.] A narrow passage ; a 
 long narrow pass ; a lane. 
 
 There is in Oxford a narrow defile, to nse the 
 military term, where the iiariisans used to en- 
 counter. Addistm. 
 
 Defi'lement. n. s. [from defile] The 
 state of being defiled ; the act of defil- 
 ing ; nastiness ; pollution ; corruption ; 
 
 defedation. 
 
 Lust, 
 By unchaste looks, loose gestures, and foul talk. 
 Lets in dtiilement to the inward parts. ^ Milton. 
 The unchaste are provoked to see their vice ex- 
 posed, and the cliaste cannot rake into such filth 
 without danger of df/i/emcaf. Spectator 
 
 Defi'ler. w. s. [from defile.] One that 
 defiles ; a corrupter ; a violater. 
 
 At the last tremenduous day, I shall hold forth 
 in my arms my much wronged child, and call 
 aloud' fur vengeance on her dcfiler. Addison. 
 
 Defi'nable. adj. [from define.] 
 
 1. That which may be defined ; capable 
 of definition. 
 
 The Supreme Nature we cannot otherwise de- 
 fine, than by saying it is infinite ; as if infinite 
 were definaile, or infinity a subject for our narrow 
 understanding. _ Driiden. 
 
 2. That which may be ascertained. 
 
 Concerning Die time of the end of the world, 
 the question is, whetlier that time be dcfimdile or 
 no. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 To DEFINE. V. a. [definio, Lat. definer, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To give the definition ; to explain a 
 thing by its qualities and circumstances. 
 
 Wliose loss caii'st tliou mean, 
 
 That dost so well their miseries define ? Sidncu- 
 
 Thouf^h defining be thought the proper way tn 
 
 make known the proper sii;ni(ication, ^et there are 
 
 some words that will not he defined. Locke. 
 
 2. To circumscribe ; to mark the limit ; 
 to bound. 
 
 When the rings appeared only black and wliifc, 
 they were very distinct and well defined^ and the 
 blackness seemed as intense as that of the central 
 ipot, Neuton. 
 
 To Defi'ne. V.71. To determine ; to de- 
 cide ; to decree. 
 
 The unjust judge is the capital remover of land- 
 marks, when he dtjinctli amiss of luiids and pro- 
 perties. Uiicun, 
 
 D EF 
 
 Defi'ner. n. s. [from define.] One 
 that explains ; one that describes a thinj; 
 by its qualities. 
 
 Your Uod, forsooth, is found 
 Incomprehensible and infinite ; 
 But is he therefore found ■■ Vain searcher ! no : 
 Let your imperfect ilefmition show, 
 That nothing you. the «eak dflliier, know. Prior. 
 
 DEFINITE, adj. [from definilus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Certain; limited; botindetl. 
 
 llillier to your art)our divers times he rc|. aired, 
 and luTC, by your nu-ans, bad the 'ii^htofllie 
 goddess, wb'o in a Jf/mile compass can set forth 
 infinite beauty. _ Sidneti. 
 
 2. Exact ; precise. 
 
 Idiots, in this case of favour, would 
 Be wisely dejinite. Shiikesjt. 
 
 In a charge of adultery, the .accuser onglit to 
 set forth, in tlie accusatory libel, or inquisition, 
 whicli succeeds in the place of accusation, si iiic 
 certain an.l definilc time. Aylijfes Parergon. 
 
 DK'FiNirE. n.s. [from the adjective.] 
 Thing explained or defined. 
 
 S|iecial bastardy is nothing else but the defini- 
 tion of the general ; and the general, again, is no- 
 thing else hut a definite of the special. .jiitille. 
 
 De'finitenes.s. n.s. [{vom definite.] 
 Certainty ; limitedness. Diet. 
 
 Definition, n. s. [definifio, Lat. de- 
 finition, IV.] 
 
 1 . A short description of a thing by its 
 
 properties. 
 
 I drew my definition of poetical wit from my 
 particular consideration of him ; for propriety of 
 thoughts and words is only to be found in him. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Decision; determination. 
 
 3. [In logick.] The explication of the 
 essence of a thing by its kind and dif- 
 ference. 
 
 What is man ? Not a reasonable .animal merely; 
 for that is not an adeciuate and distinguishing difi- 
 nition. Bentley. 
 
 Definitive, adj. [difinitivus.Lat.] De- 
 terminate ; positive ; express. 
 
 Other authors write often dubiously, even in 
 matters wherein is expected a strict and definitive 
 {[.„(!,_ Brown's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 I make haste to the casting and compaiting of 
 the whole work, it being indeed the very de/initite 
 sum of this art, to distribute usefully and grace- 
 fully a well chosen plot. Wottort. 
 
 Definitively, adv. [from definitive.] 
 Positively ; decisively ; expressly. 
 
 Delinitively thus I answer ycm : 
 Voui- love deserves my thanks ; but my desert ; 
 llnmeritable, shuns your liiuh rsquest. Uliakesj: 
 Bellarmine saith, because we think that the 
 body of Christ may be in many places at once, 
 bically and visibly ; tlierefore we say and hold, 
 that tlie same body may be circumspectively an<l 
 delinitivetii in more* places at once. Halt. 
 
 'That jNletheuselah was the longest lived of all 
 the children of Adam, we neeil not grant ; nor is 
 it drfinilirelii set down by Moses. Brown'sVulg. Err. 
 
 DefI'nitiveness. n.s. [from dtfinitive.] 
 Decisiveness. Did. 
 
 Deflagrabi'lity. n.s. [(rom deft ngro. 
 Lit.] Combustibility ; the quality of 
 taking fire, and burning totally away. 
 
 We have spent more lime than the opinion of 
 the ready de/iagrahility, if 1 may so speak, of salt- 
 petre did permit us to imagine. Boyle. 
 
 Deflagrable, adj. [from deflascru, 
 Lat.] Having the qn.tlity of wasting 
 away vvhollvm fire, without any remains. 
 
 Our chemical <nls, supposing that they were 
 exactly pure, yet they woulii lie, as the best spirit 
 of wine IS, but the more inllaiiimable and defta^- 
 rable. ^OD'^- 
 
 DEF 
 
 Deflagra'tion. n. s. {dijlagratio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 .\ term frequently made use of in cbyniistry, 
 for setting fire to several things In their prenara- 
 lion ; as in making yLtbiops with fiie, wiih sal 
 p'uiulla!, and many others. Quiiiri/. 
 
 The true reason why paper is not turned by the 
 flame that plays about it, s<cni« to be that llie 
 aqueous part of the spirit of wine, being indiibed 
 by the paper, keeps it so iiiuitt, that ilie liaiue of 
 the sulphiiicous parts of the same spirit cannot 
 fasten on it ; and iberef.-re, when the df/lo»r<i(i<» 
 is over, you tliall always find the pai>er iiiout. 
 
 Boiiu. 
 
 To DEFLECT, r. n. [dijiecto, Lat] Vo 
 turn aside; to ileviate fri.m a true course 
 
 or right line. 
 
 At some pails of the Azores the needle </f/?frtrtfc 
 not, but lieih ii, the true meridian : on the oihet 
 sideof the Azores, and this side of the equator, 
 the north point of the needle » heeletli to the west. 
 hroiL-n's i'utg. Err. 
 For, did not some from a straight course dejlect. 
 They could not meet, they ci uld no world erect. 
 
 Blael.trun-e. 
 
 DfepLE'CTION. n. s. [from defiecto, Lat.] 
 
 I. Deviation; the act of turning aside. 
 
 Needles incline to the stnitli on the other side 
 
 of the equal.>r ; and at the very line, or middle 
 
 circle, stand willloiit rfo/fclien. firoKn's I ulg. Err. 
 
 •2. A turninjr aside, or out of the way. 
 
 3. [In navigation.] The departure of a 
 ship from its true course. 
 
 Defle'xurk. n.s. [from difieclo. 'Lit.] 
 A bending down ; a turning aside, or 
 out of the way. Diet. 
 
 Deflor.a'tion. 71. s. [defloration, Fr. 
 from defloratus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of dellouring ; the taking away 
 of a woman's virginity. 
 
 •2. .\ selection of that which is most va- 
 luable. 
 
 The laws of Xorinandy are, in a great measure, 
 the defioration of the English laws, and a transcript 
 of tlieni. H'"- 
 
 To DEFLOUR. i'. a. [deflorer, Fr.] 
 I. To ravish; to take away a woman'i 
 
 virginity. 
 
 As is the lust of nn eunuch to de/iour a virgin, 
 so is he that esecuteth judgment with vii lence. 
 
 Ecclns. XX. 4. 
 
 Now will 1 hence to seek my lovely moor. 
 And let mv spleenful sons this" trull deiiour. .Shak. 
 
 •2. To take away the beauty and grace of 
 any thing. 
 
 How on a sndilen lost. 
 
 Defac'd, de/lour'd, and now i. death devote ' Milt. 
 
 If be ilie'd young, lie dieil innocent, aiul betore 
 
 the sweetness of his soul was dejiotired ami ravished 
 
 from hiin by the flames and follies of a froward 
 
 age. ^"S'"'- 
 
 Dkflo'i'RER. n.s. [from de flour. ] .\. 
 
 ravisher ; one that ttikes ayvay \ irginity. 
 
 I ha\e often wondered, that those rie/.nartrs of 
 
 innocence, though dead to all the sentiincnls of 
 
 virtue and honour, are not restrained by liunianily. 
 
 AddaoH. 
 
 DEFLV'otj'S. adj. [defluus, Lat.] 
 
 I. That flows down. 
 ■2. 'I'hat falls ott'. 
 
 Defli X. ».i. [diflujtiif, Lat.] Down- 
 ward flow. 
 
 I'.otli bodies are clammy, and bridle the defliis 
 of humours, without penning tlicm in too much. 
 
 B.ic.m. 
 
 Dkflu'xion. n. s. [dtflu.iio, Lat.] The 
 flow of Inimours downwards. 
 
 We see that taking C'ld moveth looseness, Iiy 
 contraction of the skin and outward parts ; and so 
 
 486
 
 D E F 
 
 doth cold likewise cause rheums and dtfiuiions 
 from the iieatl. Bacon. 
 
 De'fly. adv, [from deft.] Dexterous- 
 ly ; skilfully. Obsolete. Properly r/*;/?/^. 
 
 Lu, how finely tlie graces can it foot 
 
 T« tiie inslruuient ; 
 Thev dauncen defirj, and singensoote, 
 
 In tlieir merriment. Spenser. 
 
 Defoeda'tion. w. «. [from dfJmJus, 
 Lat.] The act of making filthy ; pol- 
 lution. This is no English word ; at 
 least, to make it English, it should be 
 written dtftdation. 
 
 What native unextincuishable beauty must be 
 impressed andinstincteil through the whole, whicli 
 the defiLclation of so many parts by a bad printer, 
 ami a worse editor, could not hinder from shining 
 forth ! Bentlcij. 
 
 Defo'rcement. n. 5. [from /b?Te.] A 
 withholdinfj of lands and tenements by 
 force from tlie right owner. 
 
 To DEFO'RM. v. a. [deformo, Lat] 
 
 1. To disfigure; to make ugly; to spoil 
 the form of any thing. 
 
 I that am cnrtail'd of aii fair proportion, 
 Cheated of feature by dissembling nature, 
 Dejonn'd, unfinish'd,' sent before my time 
 Into this breathing world, scarce half made np. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Wintry blasts 
 Deform the year deli^htfcss. Thomson. 
 
 2. To dishonour; to make ungraceful. 
 
 Old men with dust dfform'd their hoary hair. 
 
 Dri/den. 
 
 Defo'rm. adj. [deformis, Lat.] Ugly; 
 disfigured ; of an irregular form, 
 
 I did proclaim, 
 That whoso kih'd that monster most deform, 
 Should have mine only daughter to his dame. 
 
 Spenser. 
 So spake the griesly terror ; and in shape, 
 So spcakinffand so threatening, grew tenfold 
 IVIure dreadful and deform. Milton. 
 
 Sii;ht so deform what heart of rock could l^ng 
 Dry-e^-ed behold ? Millon. 
 
 Deforma'tion. n. s, [deformatio, Lat.] 
 A defacing ; a disfiguring. 
 
 Defo'rmed. pciriicipaladj. Ugly; want- 
 ing natural beauty. 
 
 Defo'rmedly. adi\ [from deform.] In 
 an ugly manner. 
 
 Defo'rmedness. n.s. [frora deformed.] 
 Ugliness; a disagreeable form. 
 
 Deformity, n.s. [deformitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Ugliness; ill-favouredness. 
 
 I, in this weak piping time of peace, 
 Have no delight to pass away the time, 
 Unless to spy my shadow in the sun, 
 And descant on mine own deformity. Shakesp. 
 
 Proper deformity seems not in the fiend 
 So iiorrid as in woman. Shakesp. 
 
 Where sits deformity to mock my body, 
 .To shape my legs of an unequal size, 
 To disproportion me in every part. Shakesp. 
 
 W by should not man, 
 Ketaining still divine similitude 
 In part, from such dfonnities be free, 
 And for his Maker's image sake, exempt? Milt. 
 
 2. Ridiculousness ; the quality of some- 
 thing worthy to be laughed at, or cen- 
 sured. 
 
 In comedy there is somewhat more of the worse 
 likeness to te taken, because it is often to produce 
 JauEhter, which is occasioned by the sight of some 
 deformity. Dryden. 
 
 S Irregularit}'' ; inordinateness. 
 
 No glory is more to be envied than that of due 
 refoimmg either church or state, when deformities 
 are such, that the perturbation and novelty are not 
 like to exceed the benefit of reforming. A'" Charlts. 
 
 D E F 
 
 Defo'rsor. w. s. [from /wrfwr, Fr.] 
 One that overcomes and casteth out by 
 force. A law term. Blount. 
 
 To DEFRAUD, v. a. [dtfraudo. Lit.] 
 To rob or deprive by a wile or trick ; to 
 cheat ; to cozen ; to deceive ; to be- 
 guile : w ith of before the thing taken 
 by fraud. 
 
 That no uian go beyond and defraud his brother 
 in any miUter, because that the Lord is the aven- 
 ger of all such, as MO also liavc forewarned you 
 and teslilied. Thess. iv. 6. 
 
 ^[y son, defrmid not the pooro/"his living and 
 make not the" needy eyes to wait h'ng. Ecci. iv. 1. 
 
 Churches seem injured and defrauded of thv'ir 
 rights, when places, not sanctified as they are, 
 prevent them unnecessarily in that pre-eminence 
 and honi-ur. Hooker. 
 
 There they, who brothers better claim disown, 
 E\|jel their "parents, and usurp the throne ; 
 Defraud tlieir clienis, and, to lucre sold. 
 Sit brooding on unprotllabie told. Dryden. 
 
 But now he sei/'d liriseis' heav'nlv' charms. 
 And 0/ niy valour's prize difrauds my arms. Pope. 
 
 There i's a portion of our lives which every wise 
 n)an may justly reserve for his own particular use, 
 wiUiout defrauding his native cotnitry. Drijd. 
 
 DKFRAtTDA'TU)N. 71. s. [deJ?'audo, Lat.] 
 Pi'ivation by fraud. 
 
 Their impostures are worse tlian any other, de- 
 Itirling not only into pecuniary defraudations, but 
 tiie irreparable deceit of death. 7*1 (litJi's i'lilg. Err. 
 
 Defra'uder. 71. s. [from dtfraud.] A 
 deceiver ; one that cheats. 
 
 The profligate in nuirals grow severe, 
 Difraudersjn^i, and sycophants sincere. B/rtrfcmf>re. 
 
 To DEFRAT. v. a. [defraj/er, Vw] To 
 bear the charges of; to discharge ex- 
 pences. 
 
 He would, out of his own revenue, defray the 
 charges belonging to llie sacrifices. 2 Mac. ix. 1(3. 
 
 It is easy to lay a charge upon any town ; hut 
 to foresee how the same may be answered and 
 defrayed, is tl'.e chief part »<f good advisement. 
 
 Spemer''s State of Ireland. 
 
 It is long since any strani^cr arrived in this ['art, 
 and therefore take ye no care ; the state will defray 
 you all the time you stay ; neither shall you "stay 
 one day the less for that. Bacon. 
 
 Defra'yer. n. s. [from defray.] One 
 
 that discharges expenccs. 
 Defra'yment. 7t, s. [from defray,] 
 
 The payment of expences. 
 DEFT. adj. [tJiepr, Sax.] Obsolete. 
 
 1. Tseat; handsome; spruce. 
 
 2. Proper ; fitting. 
 
 ^ ou go not the way to examine : you must call 
 the watch that are their accusers.^— 
 Yea, marry, tliat's the deftest way. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Ready ; dexterous. 
 
 Loud fits of laughter seiz'd the guests, to see 
 The limping god so deft at Ins new ministry. Dry^i. 
 
 The wanton calf ma3' skip with many a hound, 
 And my cur. Tray, play deftest feats around. Gay. 
 
 Deftly, adv. [from dtft.] Obsolete. 
 
 1, Neatly ; dexterously. 
 
 Come, high or low, 
 Thyself and otlice deftly show. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 2. In a skilfiU manner. 
 
 Young Colin Cluut, a lad of peerless meed, 
 Full wellcouhldaiice,and(ye/i'/i/ tune the reed. Gay. 
 
 DEFUNCT, adj. [defundiis, Lat.] Dead ; 
 deceased. 
 
 I therefore beg it not 
 To please the palate of my ajipelite ; 
 Nor to comply with heat, the young afF&cts, 
 In me defunct, and proper satisfaction. Shakesp. 
 Here entity and quiddity, 
 The souls (A defunct bodies, fly. Hudihras. 
 
 Defu'nct. 7j. s. [from the adjective.] One 
 that is deceased; a dead man oi- woman. 
 
 D E G 
 
 Nature doth abhnr to make his couch 
 With the defunct, or sleep upon the dead. Shak. 
 
 In many cases, tlie searchers are able to report 
 the_ opinion of tlie physician who was with the 
 patient, as they receive the same from the frieuds 
 of the defunct. Graunt. 
 
 Defu'nction. «. s. [from defunct.'\ 
 Death. 
 
 Nor (lid the French possess the Salique land 
 Until four hundred one and twenty years 
 After dcj'iinctitm of king Pharalliond. Sftahesp, 
 
 To DEFY' ti. a. [deffin; Fr. from de 
 Jide deccdcre, or some like phrase, to fall 
 from allegiance to rebellion, contempt, 
 or insult.] 
 
 1. To call to combat ; to challenge. 
 
 I once aaain 
 Defy thee to the trial of mortal fight. Milton. 
 
 Where seek retreat, now innocence is fled 
 Safe in tli:it guard, I durst even hell difu ; 
 Without it, tremble now when hea\''n is nigh. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A^is, the Lycian, stepping forth with pride. 
 To single fight (lie boldest foe defied. Dryden. 
 
 2. To treat with contempt ; to slight. 
 
 As many fools lliat stand in better place, 
 Gariiisli'd like him, thai for a tricksy word 
 Defy the matter. S/iofcesp. 
 
 Defy' n. s. [from the verb.] A chal- 
 lenge ; an invitation to fight : this is 
 now hardly used. 
 
 At this the challenger, with fierce defy, 
 His trumpet sounds ; the challeng'd makes reply : 
 U ith clangour rings the fuld, resounds the vault- 
 ed sky. Dryden. 
 
 Defy'er. n. s. [from defy.] A chal- 
 lenger ; one that invites to fight : more 
 properly dejier. 
 
 God may revenge the alTronts put upon them 
 by such impudent dejyers of both, as neither be- 
 lieve a God, nor ought to be believed by man. 
 
 South. 
 
 Dege'neracy. n. s. [from degeneratio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 7. A departure from the virtue of our an- 
 cestors. 
 
 2. A desertion of that which is good. 
 
 'Tis true, we have contracted a great deal of 
 weakness and impotency by our wilful degeneracv 
 from goodness ; hut that grace, which the gospel 
 offers to us for our assistance, is sufficient for us. 
 
 Tilhtson. 
 The ruin of a stale is generally preceded by an 
 universal degeneracy of manners, and contempt of 
 religion, which is entirely our case at present. 
 
 Sa-ift 
 
 3. Meanness. 
 
 There is a kind of sluggish resignation, as wcl' 
 
 as poorness and degeneracy of spirit, in a state of 
 
 slavery. Addiwn. 
 
 To DEGF;NERATE. v. n. [degenerare, 
 
 Lat. degcnerer, Fr. degenerur. Span.] 
 
 1 . To fall from the virtue of ancestors. 
 
 2. To fall from a more noble to a base 
 
 state. 
 
 When wit transgresaeth decency, it degenerates 
 into insolence and im[iiety. fiUotson. 
 
 3. To fall from its kind ; to grow wild or 
 base. 
 
 lUost of those fruits that use to be grafted, if 
 thev he set of kernels or stones, degenerate. Bacon. 
 
 Degenerate, adj. [from the verb.] 
 I. Unlike his ance.stors : fallen fi-om tlie 
 virtue and merit of his ancestors. 
 
 Tlum art like enough 
 To fight against me under Piercy's pay ; 
 To dog his heels, and curt'sy at his frowns. 
 To show how much tliou art degenerate. Shahesp 
 
 Yet thou hast greater cause to be 
 Asham'd of them, than thev of thee ; 
 
 406
 
 D EG 
 
 J)egencrate from their ancient brood, 
 
 Since tirsl llie court allu\v\} iheni food. Suift. 
 
 2 Unworthy; base; departing from Us 
 kind or nature. 
 
 So all shall turn degenerate, all dcprav'd ; 
 Justice and temperance, truth and faith, forgot ! 
 One man except. Milton. 
 
 When a man so far becomes degenerate as to 
 quit tlie princijilcs of human nature, and to be a 
 uoxious creature, tliere is commonly an injury 
 done some person or other. L(K'kt\ 
 
 Dege'neratf.ness. n.s. [from degene- 
 rate] Degeneracy ; a being grown 
 wild, or out of kind. 
 
 Degexera'tion. n.s. [from degent- 
 rati-.] 
 
 1. A deviation from the virtite of one's 
 ancestors. 
 
 2. A falling from a more excellent state to 
 one of less worth. 
 
 8. The thing changed from its priinitive 
 state. 
 
 In plants, these transplantations are obvious ; 
 as that of barlev into oats, of wheat into darnell ; 
 and those grains which generally arise anicjng 
 corn, as cockle, aracus, cegnops, and other dcgenc- 
 ratians. Brou-n's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Degene'rous. adj. [from degentr, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Degenerated ; fallen from the virtue 
 and merit of ancestors. 
 
 2. Vile ; base ; infamous ; unworth}'. 
 Let not the tumultuary violence of some men's 
 
 immoderate demands ever belraj' me to that dege- 
 ntfTom and unmanly slavery, which should make 
 me strengthen them by my consent. A'. Charles. 
 
 Shame, instead of piety, restrains them from 
 many base and de^e/ierou^ 'practices. South. 
 
 Degenerous passion, and for man too base. 
 It seats its empire in the female race ; 
 There rages, and, to make its blow secure. 
 Puts flatt'ry on, until the aim be sure. Drijden, 
 
 Dege'nerously. adv. [from degau- 
 rous.] In a degenerate manner ; base- 
 ly ; meanly. 
 
 How wounding a spectacle is it to see heroes, 
 like Hercules at the distatF, thus degenerou.^tu em- 
 ployed ! Decay oJ'Pietu. 
 
 Degluti'tion. n. s. [deglutition, Fr. 
 from drs^lutio, Lat.] The act or power 
 of swallowing. 
 
 \\ hen the deglutition is totally abolished, the 
 patient may be nourished by clysters. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Diet 
 
 Degrada'tion. n. s. [degradation, Fr.] 
 
 1. A deprivation of dignity ; dismission 
 from office. 
 
 The word degradation is commonly used to de- 
 note a deprivation and removing of a man frcuu 
 Ills degree. Aytijfe. 
 
 2. Degeneracy ; baseness. 
 
 So deplorable is the degradation of our nature, 
 that whereas before we bore the image of God, 
 we now retain uuiy the imat;c of men. South. 
 
 3. Diminution, with respect to strength, 
 efficacy, or value. 
 
 4. [In painting.] A term made use of to 
 express the lessening and rendering con- 
 fused the appearance of "distant objects 
 in a landscape, so as they may appear 
 there as they would do to an eye placed 
 at that distance from them. Diet. 
 
 To DF.GR.VDE. v. a. [degradcr, Fr.] 
 1. To put one from his ilegree ; to deprive 
 him of his office, dignity, or title. 
 
 D EG 
 
 lit sliruld 
 
 Be qviitc degraded, like a hedgebom swain 
 
 Thill d'jth presume to boast of t;enllc hlood.Shak. 
 
 2. To lessen ; to diminish the value of. 
 
 Nor shall thou, by (Icscciuiiiig to assume 
 Man's nature, lessen or degrade thine own. MHton, 
 
 All higher knowledge in her presence falU 
 Degraded. MHton. 
 
 3. To reduce from a higher to a lower 
 state, with respect to qualities: as, gold 
 is degraded into silver. 
 
 DeCxRava'tion. n. s. [from dvorravatui^, 
 o£ drgravo, Lat.] The act of making 
 heavy. Diet. 
 
 DEGRE'E. n. *. [digrCf Fr. from gra- 
 dttSj Lat.] 
 
 1 . (Quality ; rank ; station ; place of dig- 
 nity. 
 
 ll was my fortune, common to that age. 
 To luve a ladj fair, of great degree^ 
 
 The wiiich was born of nctbie parentage. 
 And set in highest seat of dignity. SpeJiscr. 
 
 I embrace willin^Iv the ancient received course 
 andconvoniency of tliat discipline, wlucli teachelh 
 inferior degrees and orders in ihe church of (iod. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Surely men of low degree are vanity, anti men 
 of highV/f^ee are a I^ye : to be laid in tne balance, 
 tiiey are altogether Ifghter than vanity. 
 
 "Psalm kii. 9. 
 
 Wtll then, Coleville is your name, a knighr is 
 your degree, and your place the dale. Shahesp. 
 
 Degree being vizardcd, 
 Th* unworlhiest shews as fiilriy in the mask Shah. 
 
 This noble youth to madness lov'd a dame 
 Of high (/foTtY, Honoria was her name. Druden. 
 
 rarmers in degree ; 
 He a good husband, a good housewife she. Dri/d. 
 
 But is no rank, no station, no degree. 
 From this contagious taint of sorrow free ? Prior. 
 
 2. The comparative state and condition in 
 which a thing is. 
 
 The book of Wisdom noteth rffg-i-ce5 of idolatry, 
 making that of worshipping petty and vile i'lols 
 more gross tliaa simply the worshipping of the 
 creature. Bacon. 
 
 As if there were degrees in infinite. 
 And Heav'n Itself had rather want perfection 
 Than punish to excess. Vri/dcn. 
 
 Poesy 
 Admits of no degrees ; but must be still 
 Sublimely good, or dei^picably ill. Pnscommon. 
 
 3. A step or preparation to any thing. 
 Her first degree was by selling forth her beiiu- 
 
 ties, truly in nature not to be mislikcd, but as 
 much advanced to the eye, as abased to the judg- 
 ment, by art. iSMiuij. 
 \\ hich sight iheknowledee of myself might bring 
 Which to true wisdom is the first degree, Dmu!.. 
 U Order of lineage ; descent of family. 
 King Latinus, in the third degrees. 
 Had S.iturn author of liis family. Drydeu. 
 5. Orders or classes. 
 
 The several dtsrecs of angels may probably have 
 larger views, and be endowed with capacities able 
 to set before ihem, as in one picture, all their past 
 knowledge at once. Locke. 
 
 G. Measure ; proportion, 
 
 if all the parts are equally heard as loud as one 
 another, they will stun you to i\\Rtdegreef that you 
 will fancy your ears were torn in pieces. Druden. 
 
 7. [In geometry.] The tiiree hundred and 
 sixtieth part of the circumference of a 
 circle. Thr space of one degree in the 
 heavens is accoimted to answer to sixty 
 
 miles on earth. 
 
 In minds and manners, twins oppos'd we sec ; 
 In the same sign, abnost the same degree. Dryden. 
 
 To yovi who live in chill degree, 
 As map informs, of llfty-three. Druden. 
 
 a. [In arithmetick.] A degree consists of 
 three figures, viz. of tliree places, com- 
 
 DEJ 
 
 prehending units, tens, and hundreds ; 
 so three hundred and sixty-five is a de- 
 gree. Corker's Arithmetick 
 
 9. The division of the lines upon several 
 sorts of mathematical instruments. 
 
 10. [In musick.] The intervals of sounds, 
 which are usually marked by little lines. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 11. [In philosophy.] The vehemence or 
 slackness of the hot or cold quality. 
 
 'I'he second, third, and T^iirlh dtgreej of heal 
 are more easily intrudiieed than thelirst: every 
 on^ is both a preuarative and a step to lite next. 
 
 South. 
 
 By Degrees, adv. Gradually; by little 
 ami little. 
 
 Their bodies arc exercised in all abilities both 
 ofd<jingand siilft-ring, and iheir miuJs acquaint- 
 ed by degrees with danger. oidnett. 
 Doth not this eiherial medium, in passing out 
 of water, plass, crystal, arid other compact and 
 dense b-^dies, into empty spaces, grow denser and 
 dirnser by degrees ? Neu-ton. 
 Kxulting ill triumph now s\\ .'ll the bold notes ; 
 In broken air, tremblinLS the wild musick lloats ; 
 'lill by degrees remi te and snrall, 
 'i'liB strains decay. 
 And melt away,* 
 In a dying dying fall. Pope. 
 A person win, is adiiictcd t' play or gamitig, 
 though he took but little delight in it at first, liy 
 degrees contracts a strong uiclination towards it. 
 .ijHct'iior, No. 'l-t7. 
 Degusta'tioN. n. s. [digtitlatio, Lat.] 
 A tasting. Dirt. 
 To DEHORT. r. 'a. [ddinrlvr, Lat.] 
 To dissuade ; to advise to the contrary. 
 One severally dehcrted all his followers from 
 prostituting mathematical principles unto com- 
 mon apprehension or practice. Wilkinj. 
 'the apostles vehcmentl)" dehort us from unbelief. 
 
 Uanl. 
 
 Dehort a'tion. n. s. [from dehortor, 
 Lat.] Dissuasion ; a counselling to the 
 contrary ; advice ajjainst something. 
 
 The author of this epistle, and the rest of the 
 apostles, tlo every where vehemently and earnest- 
 ly dehort from unbelief: did they never read 
 t)iese dehortations f Ward on Infidelitu. 
 
 Deho'rtatory. adj. [from dehoittr, 
 Lat.] Belonging to dissuasion. 
 
 Deho'rter. w. s. [from dehort.] .V 
 dissiiader ; an ailviser to the contrary. 
 
 DE'ICIDE. n.s. [from detis and cado. 
 Lilt.] The murder of God ; the act of 
 killing God. it is only used in sjieak- 
 injr of the death of our bles.-ied .Saviour. 
 
 K'.pir.lning how Perfecti in siilTer'd pain, 
 Almi^lny laiignisli'd, and Eternal died ; 
 
 How by her patient victor Death was slain. 
 And earth profan'd, yet bless'd with dcicide '. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To DEJE'CT. V. a. [dtjicio, Lat.] 
 
 1. 'I'o cast down ; to afflict ; to grieve ; to 
 dc])ress ; to sink ; to discourage ; to 
 crush. 
 
 ^Ve^, I am your theme ; y*m have the start of 
 nie ; 1 am dejected ; ignurani.-e itself is a plummet 
 o'er nie ; use me as ytm will. Shakesp. 
 
 The lowest, most ttejected thing of fortune, 
 Stands still in es^erance ; lives r.ot in fear ! Shak. 
 
 N< r think to die dtyects my loftv mind ; 
 All that 1 oread is leaving you be"hiad ! Pop€. 
 
 2. To cliange the form with grief; to 
 make to look sad. 
 
 Eneas here beheld, t f form diTine, 
 A g- dlikc youth in glitt'ring armour shine. 
 With great Marcellus keeping equal pace, 
 But gloomy were his eyes, deeded was his face. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 487
 
 1) E I 
 
 Deject, adj. [dejectus, Lat.] Cast 
 down ; afflicted ; low-spirited. 
 
 I am of ladies most deject and wretched, 
 Tiiat suck'd the honey of liis nuisick vows. Shak. 
 
 Deje'ctedly. adv. [from dejict.] In 
 a dejected manner; sadly; heavily. 
 
 No tiMii in that passion doth look strongly. 
 but (tejectcdtij : and that repulsion from the e^es 
 divertclh the spirits, and gives heat more to the 
 ears, and the parts by them. Bacon. 
 
 Deje'ctedness. n. s. [from dejected.] 
 The state of being cast down ; a low- 
 ness of spirits. Diet. 
 
 Dejection, m. s. [dejection, Fr. from 
 dejeeiio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Lowness of spirits ; melancholy ; de- 
 pression of mind. 
 
 U'hat besides 
 Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair. 
 Our frailly can sustain, thy tidings bring. Milton. 
 Deserted ami itstonished, he sinks into utter de- 
 jection ; and even hope itself is swallowed up in 
 despair. Rogers. 
 
 2. VVeakness; inability. 
 
 The etlecls of an alkalescent state, in any prent 
 degree, are thirst and a rfe/>ca'(>n of appetite, which 
 putrid tilings occasion more tlian any otlier. 
 
 Arbuthiwt on Aliments. 
 
 3. [In medicine.] Going to stool. 
 The liver should continually separate the cIjo- 
 
 ler from the blood, and empty it into tlie intes- 
 tines ; where lliere is £ood use for it, not only to 
 provoke dejection, but also to attenuate the ch'vle. 
 Roil on the Creation. 
 
 Deje'cture. n. s. [from deject.] The 
 excrement. 
 
 .\ disease opposite to s])issitude is too great flu- 
 idity, the Symplons of \vliich are excess of animal 
 secretions ; as of perspiration, sweat, urine, liquid 
 dejectures, leainiess, weakness, and thirst. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Dejera'tion. n. s. [from dijero, Lat.] 
 
 A taking of a solemn oath. JJicf. 
 
 Deifica'tion. n. s. [dtifieuiion, Fr.] 
 
 'J'he act of deifying, or making a god. 
 De'iform. adj. [from deus and forma, 
 
 Lat.] Of a godlike form. 
 To DE'IFY. V. a. [deifier, Fr. from detis 
 
 anAJio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make a god of; to adore as god ; 
 to transfer into the number of the divi- 
 nities. 
 
 Daphnis, the fields delight, the shepherds love, 
 Renown'd on earth, and deijied above. Dryden. 
 
 I'lie seals of Julius Csesar, wliichwe know "to be 
 antique, have the star of Venus over them, thougii 
 they were all graven after his death, as a note 
 that he was deiJied. Dryden. 
 
 Persuade the covetous man not to deifij his 
 money, and the proud man not to adore himself. 
 
 South. 
 Half of thee 
 Is deified before tliy death. Prwr. 
 
 2. 'I'o praise excessively ; to extol one as 
 if he were a god . 
 
 lie did again so evtol and deify the pope, as 
 made all that he had said in praise of his master 
 and mislress seem temperate and passable. Bacim. 
 
 To DLIGN. r. 11. [from daigner, Fr. of 
 dignor, Lat.] To vouchsafe ; to think 
 worthy. 
 
 Deign to descend now lower, and relate 
 What may no less perhaps avail us known. 
 
 Milton. 
 O deign to visit our forsaken seats. 
 The mossy fountains, and the green retreats. Pope. 
 To Deign, v. a. To grant; to permit; 
 to allow. 
 Now Sweno, Norway's king, craves composi- 
 tion ; 
 
 D E L 
 
 Nor would we deign him burial of his men. 
 
 Till he disburs'd ten thousand dollars. Shakesp. 
 
 Dei'gning. n. s. [from deign.] A 
 
 vouchsafing ; a thinking worthy. 
 To Dei'ntegrate. v. a. [from de and 
 integro, Lat.] To take from the whole ; 
 to spoil ; to dimini.sh. Did. 
 
 Dei'parou.s. adj. [deiparm, Lat.] That 
 brings forth a god, the epithet applied 
 to the blessed Virgin. Diet. 
 
 DE'ISM. 71. s. [deisme, Fr.] The opi- 
 nion of tliose that only acknowledge one 
 God, without the reception of any re- 
 vealed religion. 
 
 Deism, or the principles of natural worship, are 
 only the faint remnants or dyiug flames of revealed 
 religion in the posterity of Noah. Dryden. 
 
 De'ist. n. s. {deist e,TY.] A man who 
 follows no particular religion, but only 
 acknowledges the existence of God, 
 without any other article of faith. 
 
 In the second epistle of St. Peter, certain deists, 
 as Ihey seem to have been, have laughed at the 
 prophecy of the day of judi;ment. Burnet. 
 
 De'istical. adj. [from deist.] Belong- 
 ing to the heresy of the deists. 
 
 Weakness does not fall only to the share of 
 christian writers, but to some who have taken the 
 pen in hand to support the deisticul or antichristian 
 scheme of our days. }Vatts. 
 
 Deity, n. s. [deite, Fr. from deitas, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Divinity; the nature and essence of 
 God. 
 
 Some things he doth as God, because his deity 
 alone is the spring from which they flow ; some 
 things as man, because they issue from his mere 
 iniuian nature ; some things joinlly as both God 
 and man, because both natures concur as princi- 
 ples thereunto. Hooker. 
 
 With what arms 
 ^^"e mean to hold what anciently vvc claim 
 Oi (leilii, or empire. Milton 
 
 1. A fabulous god ; a term applied to the 
 heathen gods and goddesses. 
 
 Will vou sutFer a temple, how poorly built 
 soever, but yet a temple of your deity, to be razed '^ 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Give the gods a thankful sacrifice when it 
 
 pleaseth their deities to take the wife of a man from 
 
 nim. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The supposed divinity of a heathen 
 
 god ; divine qualities. 
 
 They on their former journey forward pass. 
 With pains far passing that long wandering Greek, 
 That luT liis love refused deity. Spenser. 
 
 Heard you not what an humble suppliant 
 Lord Hastings was to her for his delivery ? 
 — Who humhiy complaining to her deity. 
 Got my lord ciiamherlain his liberty. Shakesp. 
 
 By what reason could the same deity be denied 
 unto Laurentia and Flora, which was given to 
 A'eiins > Raleigh. 
 
 Delacera'tion. n.s. [from delaccro, 
 Lat.] A tearing in pieces. Diet. 
 
 Delacryma'tion. n. s. [delacrymutio, 
 Lat.] A falling down of the humours ; 
 the waterishness of the eyes, or a weep- 
 ing much. Diet. 
 
 Delacta'tion. n. s. [delactatio, Lat.] 
 A weaning from the breast. Did. 
 
 Dela'psed. adj. [from delapsus, Lat.] 
 [With physicians.] Bearing or falling 
 down. It is used in speaking of the 
 womb, and the like. Did. 
 
 To DELATE, v. a. [from delatus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To carry ; to convey. 
 
 DEL 
 
 Try exactly the time wherein sound is delated. 
 _ Bacon, 
 
 2. lo accuse; to inform against. 
 
 Delation, n. s. [delatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A carriage ; conveyance. 
 
 In delation of sounds, the inclosure of (hem pre- 
 serveth them, and causeth them to be heard fur- 
 "'"•. . , Bacm. 
 
 It IS certani, that the delation of lii;lit is in an 
 
 '"5i,^"'- . ^ Bacon. 
 
 I here IS a plain rff/afioii <if Ihe sound from the 
 
 teelh to the iiislrument of hearing. Baom. 
 
 2. An accusation ; an impeachment. 
 Dela'tor. n.i. [delator, Lat.] An ac- 
 cuser ; an informer. 
 
 What were these harpies but flaiterers, delaters, 
 and inexpleably covetous.' San,lu;is's 'Praoeb. 
 
 Wen have proved their own <;f/u(w.«,"and disco- 
 vered their own most iin|iorlant .secrets. 
 
 Government of the Tongite. 
 
 No sooner was that small c.il,,ny, wherewith 
 rile depopulatcrl earth was to be replauled, come 
 forth of the ark, but we meet with Cham, a. dela- 
 tor to his own father, inviting his brelhren to that 
 execrable spectacle of their parent's nakedness. 
 
 Government oj the Tongue. 
 
 To DE!,.\'Y. r. a. [from detainer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To defer; to put off. 
 
 .4.iid when the piople saw that Moses delayed 
 to Ciune down out of the mount, the people ga- 
 thered themselves together unto Aarnn. 
 
 Exod. xxxii. 1, 
 
 Cyrus he found, on him his force es:-ay'd ; 
 For Hector was to the tenth yeai delave'ti.Uryden. 
 
 2. To hinder ; to frustrate ; to keep sus- 
 
 pended. 
 
 3. To detain, stop, or retard the course of. 
 
 Thyrsis, whose aitful strains have oft deluy'd 
 The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. 'Milt. 
 
 She flies the town, and mixing with the throng 
 Of madding matrons, bears the bride ahmg : 
 VvandVing tlirough woods and wilds, and devious 
 
 ways, 
 And wiih iliese arts the Trojan niatrh delays. Dry. 
 
 Ijc inindl'ul, goddess, of thy promise made! 
 Must sad Ulysses ever be delay'd? Popt. 
 
 To Dela'y. v. n. To stop ; to cease from 
 action. 
 
 There seem to be certain bounds to the quick- 
 ness and slowness of the succession of t)i(<^e ideas 
 one to auolher in our minds, beyond which they 
 can neither delay nor hasteu . Locke. 
 
 Dela'y. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . A deferring ; procrastination ; linger- 
 ing inactivity. 
 
 I have Icarn'd that fearful commenting 
 Is leaden servitor to dull delay ; 
 Delay leads impotent and snail-pac'd beegary. 
 
 Shakesj,. Rich. III. 
 
 The conduct of our lives, and the management 
 of our great concerns, will not bear deluy. Locke. 
 
 2. Stay ; stop. 
 The keeper charm'd. the chief without delay 
 
 Pass'd on, and took th' irremeable way. Dryden. 
 
 Dela'yer. n. s. [from delay.] One that 
 defers ; a putter oiT. 
 
 DELECTABLE, adj. [delectabilis, Lat] 
 Pleasing ; delightful. 
 
 Ev'ning now approach 'd; 
 For we have also our ev'ning, and our mom ; 
 We ours for change delectable, not need. Milton, 
 
 He brought ihee into this delicious grove. 
 This garden, planted with the trees of God ; 
 Delectable both to behold and taste ! Milton. 
 
 Some of his atlribu'es, and the manifestations 
 thereof, are not only highly delectable to the intel- 
 lective faculty, but are suitably and easily con- 
 ceptible by us, because apparent in his works ; 
 as his gooaness, beneficence, wisdom, and power. 
 
 Halt. 
 488
 
 DEL 
 
 The apple's outward form, 
 ViUctfihl€i tlie witless swain Ix'guilfs ; 
 Till that with writhcn mouth, and spattering 
 
 noise. 
 He tastes the bitter morsel. Philips. 
 
 Dele'ctabi.eness. h. x. [from ddectci- 
 
 ble-l Delightfiilness ; pleasantness. 
 Dele'ctably. adv. Delightfully; plea- 
 santly. 
 Delect a'tion. n. s. [ddcctalio, Lat.] 
 Pleasure ; delight. 
 Out break the tears for joy and delectallim. 
 
 Sir r. More. 
 
 To DELEGATE, v. a. [dekgo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To send away. 
 
 2. To send upon an embassy. 
 
 3. To entrust ; to commit to another's 
 power and jurisdiction. 
 
 As God hath iniprinled liis authority in several 
 parts upon several estates of men, as princes, pa- 
 rents, spiritual guides ; so he hath also dck'satfd 
 and committed part of his care and providence 
 unto them. Taiil'ir. 
 
 As God is the universal monarch, so we have 
 ail the relation of fellow-subjects ti) hitn ; and can 
 pretend no farther jurisdiction over each other, 
 than what he has ilelcsuted to us. Decay of I'icty. 
 
 Wliv does he wake tlte corres|>ondcnt moon, 
 And fill her willing lamp with liquid light ; 
 
 Commanding Ucr, wiih delei^ated pow'rs. 
 To beautify the world, and bless thenight ? Priir. 
 
 4. To appoint judges to hear and deter- 
 mine a particular cause. 
 
 De'legate. n. s. [diligalus, Lat.] A 
 deputy ; a commissioner ; a vicar ; any 
 one that is sent to act for, or represent 
 another. 
 
 If after her 
 Any shall live, which dare true good prefer, 
 Ev ry such person is her delegate, 
 T' accomplish that which should have been her 
 fate. Doime, 
 
 They nnist be severe exactcrs of accounts fnmi 
 their rfV/f^ates and ministers of justice. Tuylur. 
 
 Let the young Austrian thou her terrours bear. 
 Great a? he is, her delegate in war. Prior. 
 
 Elect b^- Jove, his delegate of sway, 
 With joyous pride the summons I'd obey. Pope. 
 
 De'legate. adj. [dekgatus, Lat.] De- 
 puted ; sent to act for, or represent, ano- 
 ther. 
 
 Princes in judgment, and their defcgate judges, 
 must judge the causes of all persons uprightly and 
 impartially. Taylor. 
 
 De'legates [Court o/.] A court where- 
 in all causes of appeal, by way of devo- 
 lution from either of the archbishops, 
 are decided. Ayliffe's Panrgon. 
 
 Delega'tion. n.s. [f/c/ig-rtfio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A sending away. 
 
 2. .\ putting in commission. 
 
 3. The assignment of a debt to another. 
 Drleni'fical. adj. [defenificus, Lat.] 
 
 Having virtue to assuage or ease pain. 
 
 Diet. 
 To DELETE, v. a. [fromrfe/eo, Lat.] To 
 
 blot out. Diet. 
 
 Deleterious, adj. [dthter-ius, Lat.] 
 
 Deadly ; destructive ; of a poisonous 
 
 quality. 
 JMauy tilings, neither dclctcrimts by substance 
 
 or quality, are yet destructive by figure, or some 
 
 occasional activity. Brown. 
 
 De'letery. af/j. [from deleterius, Lat.] 
 Destructive ; deadly ; poisonous. 
 Nor doctor epidemick. 
 Though stor'd with delctcry med'cincs, 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 DEL 
 
 A\'hich whosoever took is dead since, 
 E'er sent so vast a colony 
 ■I'o both the un<ler worhls as he. liudibras. 
 
 Delk'tion. 71, s. [delelio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Act of razing or blotling out. 
 
 2. A destruction. 
 
 Indeed, if llicre be S total deletiim of every per- 
 son of the opposinir party or country, then the 
 victory is complete, because none remains to call 
 it in ijuesti'm. Hale. 
 
 [from oelpan. Sax. to 
 
 Delf. 1 n. s. 
 Delfe. ) dig.] 
 
 1 . A mine ; a quarry ; a pit dug. 
 
 Yet could not such mines, without great pains 
 and charges, if at all, be wrought : the del/i would 
 be so llowii with waters, that no gins or machines 
 could sulhce to lay and keep them ilry. 
 
 liaii OH the Creation. 
 
 2. Earthenware; counterfeit China ware, 
 
 made at Delft. 
 
 Thus barter lionour for a piece of delf ! 
 No, not for China's wide domain itself! Smai-t. 
 
 Drliba'tion. n. s. [ddibiUio, Lat] An 
 
 essav ; a taste. 
 To DELI'BEU ATE. v.n. \delibcro,\jit.'] 
 To think, in order'to choice ; to hesitate. 
 
 A conscious, wise, rcflccliiig cauvc, 
 Which freely moves and acts by reason's laws ; 
 That can deliberate means elect, and find 
 Their due connection with the end desisn'd. 
 
 BUickmore. 
 When love once pleads admission to our hearts. 
 In spite of all the vntue we can boast. 
 The woman that dclHtcrate^ is lost. Addison. 
 
 Deli'berate. adj. [d/ilicratus, hat.] 
 
 1 . Circumspect ; wary ; advised ; discreet 
 
 Most Grave-belly was deliherate, 
 Not rash like his accusers. " Shak. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. Slow ; tedious ; not sudden ; gradual. 
 
 Comnionlv it is for virtunus considerations, that 
 wisdom so "far j.revailetli with men as to make 
 them dcsir()us of slow and (iefiherate death, aaainst 
 the stream of their sensual inclination. lioohcr. 
 
 Echoes are some more sudden, and chop again 
 as soon as the voice is delivered ; others are more 
 deliberate, that is, give more space between the 
 voice and tlie echo, which is caused by the local 
 nearness or distance. Baeon 
 
 Deli'berately. adv. [from deliberate.] 
 I. Circumspectly; advisedly ; warily. 
 
 He judges to a hair of little indecencies ; knows 
 better than any man what is not to be written ; 
 and never hazards liiniself so far as to fall, but 
 plods on deidieratcly ; and, as a grave man ought, 
 is sure to put his st'iiff before him. Dryatn. 
 
 1. Slowly ; gradually. 
 
 Deli'ber ATENESsn.s. [from deliberate.] 
 Circumspection; wai-iness; coolness; 
 caution. 
 
 They would not stay the fair production of 
 acts, in the order, gravity, and deliberateness be- 
 fitting a parliament. King Charles. 
 
 Delibera'tion. w. *. [deliberalin, F'at.] 
 The act of deliberating ; thought in or- 
 der to choice. 
 
 If mankind had no power to avoid ill or choose 
 good by free deliberation, it shtmid never be guilty 
 of any thing that was done. 
 
 Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 Deli'berative. adj. [delibirativus,L^t.] 
 Pertaining to deliberation ; apt to con- 
 sider. 
 Deliberative. w..«. [from the adjective.] 
 The discourse in which a question is 
 deliberated. 
 
 Ill dcWwratiws, the point is, what is evil ; and, 
 of good, what is greater; and of evil, wlval is less. 
 
 Bacon . 
 
 DE'LICACY. n. s. [delicatesse, Fr. of 
 deliei(r, Lat.] 
 
 D E L 
 
 1, Daintiness; pleasantness to the taste. 
 
 On liosjtitatjie thoiichts intent, 
 AVliat choice tu chouse for delicacy l>cst, Milton. 
 
 2. Nicety in the choice of food. 
 
 ;j. Any thing highly pleasin;^ to the senses. 
 
 These dtlicacies 
 I mean of taste, sight, smell, lierb», fruits, and 
 
 flow'rs. 
 Walks, and (he melody of birds. Milton. 
 
 4. Softness ; elegant or feminine beauty. 
 A man of goodly presence, in wliom ^trctfig 
 
 making took not away delicacy, nor beauty fierce- 
 ness. Sidney. 
 
 5. Nicety; minute accuracy. 
 
 Van Dvck has even cxc< lied hira in the delica- 
 cy of his colouring, and in his cabinet pieces. 
 
 Drtfden. 
 
 You may sec into the spirits of them all, and 
 form jour pen from these general notions and dC' 
 //Vary of thought and h.ippy words. Felton. 
 
 6. Neatness ; elegance of dress. 
 
 7. Politeness of manners : contrary to 
 grossncss. 
 
 8. Indulgence ; gentle treatment. 
 
 Persons bom of families noble and rich, derive 
 a weakness of constitution from the ea!>e and lux- 
 ury of their ancestors, and the delicacy of their 
 own education. TempU. 
 
 9- Tenderness ; scrupulousness. 
 
 Any zealous for promoting the interest of bis 
 country, must conquer all that tenderness and 
 dcUCitcu, which may make him afraid of Iwing 
 spoken ill of. Addison. 
 
 10. Weakness of constitution. 
 
 1 1 . Smallness ; tenuity. 
 Delicate, adj. [dtiicat, Fr.] 
 
 1. Nice; pleasing to the taste; of an 
 agi'eeable flavour. 
 
 The choosing of a delicate before a more ordi- 
 nary dish, is to be done as other human actions 
 are, in w Inch there are no degrees and precise na- 
 tural limits described. Taylor, 
 
 2. Dainty; desirous of curious meats. 
 
 3. Choice ; select ; excellent. 
 
 4. Pleasing to the senses. 
 
 5. Fine; not coarse; consisting of small 
 parts. 
 
 As much blood passeth through the lungs as 
 tlirough all the body ; the circulation is quicker, 
 and heat greater, and their texturv is extremely 
 delicate. Arhntnot onAlim. 
 
 6. Of polite manners ; not gross, or coarse. 
 7- Sof\ ; effeminate ; unable to bear hard- 
 ships. 
 
 Witness this army, of such mass and charge, 
 Led by a delicate and tender prince. i^akcsp. 
 
 Tenilcr aiui delicate persons must needs be eft 
 angrv, they have so many things to trouble them, 
 whicli more robust natures have hulc sense of. 
 
 Bacim. 
 8. Pure ; clear. 
 
 \Vliere they most breed and liaunt, 1 have ob- 
 serve 
 The air is delicate, Shaketp. 
 
 De'licatf.ly. adv. [from delicate] 
 
 1. Beautifully ; with soft elegance. 
 
 That which will dislrnguisb his style from all 
 other puels, is the elegance of his words, and the 
 numeruusuess of his verse ; there is nothing so dt- 
 licatelu turned in all the Uoman language. Dryd. 
 
 Ladi(*«i like \-aricgated tulips show, 
 'Tis to their changes half tlir ir charms we owe ; 
 Such happy spots ihe nice admirer take, 
 Fine by aefeci, and delicately weak. I*>ye. 
 
 2. Finely ; not coarsely. 
 
 3. Daintily. 
 
 K:it not delicately, or nicely ; tliat is, he not 
 troublesome to thyself or otlicrs in the choice of 
 thy meals, or the delicacy of l!iy tauccs. Tayi^. 
 
 SB. 
 
 488
 
 DEL 
 
 4. Choicely. 
 
 5. Politely. 
 
 G. En'einiiiately. 
 
 De'licateness. 71, s, [from ddicafv.] 
 
 The state ofbein^; delicate ; tenderneas ; 
 
 softness; efleniinacy. 
 Tliu dciicHtc woman amon^ you would not nil- 
 
 veuluR' to ici the sole of hfrfuot upon the gruund, 
 
 for delicatent'ss and tendernt'ss. Dcut. xxviii. .^(>. 
 
 De'licates. M.S. [irom (hiicale,] Nice- 
 ties ; rarities : that which is choice and 
 dainty. 
 
 The shepherd's liomely curds. 
 His cold tliin drink out of his U-ather bottle. 
 All whicli secure and sweells he enjoys, 
 Ar^.' tar beyond a prince's dtliditcs. Shakesp. 
 
 They ilieir appetites not only feed, 
 With lidicatesuf leaves and marshy weed. 
 But with th_) sickle reap the rankest land. Dryd. 
 
 With abstinence all dtlicatei he sees, 
 Aud can resale himself with toast and clieesc. 
 
 King's Cookejy. 
 De'liCES. w. s, pi. [delicicey Lat.] I'lea- 
 SLires. This word is merely French. 
 
 And now he has pour'd out liis idle mind 
 In dainty ddtces and lavisli joys. 
 
 Having his warlike weapons cast behind, 
 And tiowers in pleasures aud vain pleasing toys. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Deh'cious. adj, [ddicieztjyFr.from dt- 
 Ikatiis, L:it.] Sweet ; delicate ; that af- 
 fords delight; agreeable; chai-ming; 
 grateful to the sense or mind. 
 
 It is highly probable, that upon Adam's diso- 
 bedience Almighty God chased hiiu out of Para- 
 dise, the fairest and most ddicions part of the 
 flarth, into some other the most barren and un- 
 pleasant. Woodward. 
 
 In liis last hotirs his easy wit display : 
 Like the rich fruit he sings, ddicions in decay. 
 
 iimith. 
 
 Still on that breast enamour'd let me lie. 
 Still drink delicious poison from thy eye. Pope. 
 
 Deli'ciously. adv, [from dtlicious.] 
 Sweetly ; pleasantly ; delightfidly, 
 
 Hiiw uuich she hath i;loriIicd herself, and lived 
 deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her. 
 
 Eev. xviii. 7. 
 
 Deli'ciousness. w. s. [from dilicioiis.] 
 Delight ; pleasure ; joy. 
 
 The sweetest honey 
 Is loathsome in its own ddiciousness. 
 And in the taste confounds tlie appetite. Shak. 
 Let no man judge of himself, or of the blessini;s 
 and etiicacy oi ihe sacrauieut itstlf, by any sensi- 
 ble relisli, by the gust and deiicunL^ness, wliicii he 
 sometimes perceives, and at other limes dncs not 
 perceive. Taylor. 
 
 Deliga'tion. n. s. [deligatio, Lat.] A 
 binding up in chirurgery. 
 
 The third intention is dLligation, or retaining 
 the parts so joined together. liisemfrn's Surgery. 
 
 Deli'ght. n.s, [delice,¥r.fromdclector, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Joy ; content ; satisfiiction. 
 
 Saul connuanded his servant, saying, Cunnnune 
 
 with David secretly, and sav, Behold the king 
 
 hath delight in thee, aud all his servants love tltee. 
 
 iSam. xviii. 2L\ 
 
 2. That which gives delight. 
 
 Come, sisters, cheer we up his sprights, 
 Aud shew the best of our delights : 
 AVi-'ll charm the air to give a sound. 
 While you perform your antick round. Shakesp. 
 
 Titus \ espasian was not more the delight of hu- 
 man kind : the universal empire made him only 
 Hiore known, and more powerful, but could nut 
 make him more buloved. Dryden. 
 
 She w;is his care, his hope, and his delight ; 
 Most in his thought, and ever in his sighL Drqd. 
 
 To DELI'GH T. v. a. [dekctor, Lat.] To 
 
 D E L 
 
 please ; to content ; to satisfy ; to afford 
 pleasure. 
 
 J lie princes delighting tlu-Jr conceits with con- 
 firiuin- llieir knowJcilge, seeint: wherein the sea- 
 discipline dilfered from the fand service, had 
 pleasing entertainment. Sidneif. 
 
 Delight thyself also in Ihe Lord, and he shall 
 give thte the desires of thine heart. Pi. xxxvii. 4. 
 
 Po r insects, whereof some aie bees, (/e/fV/i/er/ 
 with flowirs, and their sweetness ; others beetles, 
 delighted with olht-r kinds of viands. Locke. 
 
 He heard, he look, and pouring dow n his tliroat, 
 Ddighted, swill'd llic large luxurious draught. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Deli'ght. v. n. To have delight or 
 pleasure in. It is followed by in. 
 
 Doth my lord, the king, delight in this thing ? 
 
 ^2 Sum. xxiv. 
 Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord, that 
 ddighteth QTcaily inh'is commandments. 
 
 Psalm CKti. 1. 
 
 Deli'ghtful. adj, [from dtli^lit and 
 /m//.] Pleasant ; chai*ming ; full of de- 
 light. 
 
 He- was given to sparijig in so immeasurable 
 yort, that he did not only bar himself from the Je- 
 lighlful, but almost from the necessary, use thereof. 
 
 Sidney. 
 No spring, nor summer, on the mountain seen, 
 Smiles with gay fruits or with delightful green. 
 
 Addisoyi. 
 
 Deli'ghtfully. adv. Pleasantly ; charm- 
 ingly ; with delight. 
 
 O voice ! once heard 
 Delightfully, increase and multiply ; 
 Now death to hear! Milton. 
 
 Deli'ghtfulness. w. s. [from delight,] 
 Pleasure : comfort ; satisfaction. 
 
 1' ut our desires tyrannical extortion 
 Doth force us there to set our clnaf delightfulness, 
 \\ here hut a baiting place is all our portion. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 This indeed shews the excellency of the object, 
 but doth not altonether take away the deliglUful- 
 Jiiss of the knowledge. Tillolson. 
 
 Deli'ghtsome. adj. [from dtlighf.] 
 Pleasant ; delightful. 
 
 The words themselves being so ancient, the 
 knitting of them so short and nitricate, and the 
 whole periods and compass of his speech so rft*- 
 lightsome for the roundness, and so grave for the 
 strangeness. Spenser. 
 
 God has furnished every one with the same 
 means of exchanging hunger and thirst for de- 
 lightsome vigour. Greic. 
 
 Deli'ghtsomely. adv, [from delight- 
 sojiic] Pleasantly ; in a delightful man- 
 ner. 
 
 Deli'ghtsomeness. n. s. [from delight- 
 some.] Pleasantness ; delightfidness. 
 
 To DELINEATE, v. a. [rfe/mfo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make the first draught of a thing; 
 to design ; to sketch. 
 
 2. To paint ; to represent a true likeness 
 in a picture. 
 
 The licenlia pictoria is very large : with the 
 same reason they may delineate old Nestor like 
 Adonis H Cuba with Helen's face, and Time with 
 Absalom's head. Broun. 
 
 3. To describe ; to set forth in a lively 
 maimer. 
 
 It followcth, to delineate the region in which 
 God tirst planted his delightful garden. Raleigh. 
 
 I have not here time to delineate to you the 
 glories of God's heaverdy kingdom ; nor, nideed, 
 could I tell you, if I had, what the happiness of 
 that place and portion is. Wake. 
 
 Deline.v'tion. 71, s. [delineatioj Lat.] 
 The first draught of a thing. 
 
 In the orthographical schemes, there should be 
 a true delineation, aud the j ust dimensions. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 I) E L 
 
 Deh'nimf.nt. n,s. [delinimenfuni, T.at.] 
 
 A mitigating, or assuaging. Diet. 
 
 DELINQUENCY. «..v. [(hUnqwntia, 
 
 Lat ] A fault ; a failure in duty ; a 
 
 misdeed. 
 
 They never punish t'le greatest and most into- 
 lerable dtlinijucncy of the tumults, and their ex- 
 citers. King CharUs, 
 
 Can 
 Thy years determine like the age of man, 
 1 hat thou should'st my de/ni^uencies enquire. 
 And with variety of tortures tire ? 
 
 Sandy's Paraphrase of Job. 
 A delinquent ought to be cited in the place or 
 
 {urisdiction where the delinquency was connnitted 
 >y him. ^ylijfe. 
 
 Delinquent, n. s. [from delinquensj 
 Lat.] An offender ; one that has com- 
 mitted a crime or fault. 
 
 Such an envious state, 
 That sooner will accuse the magistrate 
 Than the delinquent ; and will rather grieve 
 The treason is not acted, than hi^Vieve.Ben Jonson, 
 All ruined, not by war, or any other disaster, 
 but by justice and sentence, as delinquents and 
 criminals. Bacon. 
 
 He had, upon frivolous surmises, been sent for 
 as a delinquent, and been brought upon his knees. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To DE'LIQUATE. v. n. [deliqueo, Lat.] 
 To melt; to be dissolved. 
 
 It will be resolved into a liquor very analogous 
 to that wliicli tlie cliyiiiists make of salt of tartar, 
 left in moist cellars to deliquate. Boijle. 
 
 Such an ebullition as we see made by the mijc- 
 ture (if some chymical liquors, as oil of vitriol and 
 deliqnated salt of tartar. Cudu-orth. 
 
 Deliqua'tion. n. s. [ddiqtiatio, Lat.] 
 A meltiiii; ; a dissolving. 
 
 DELiqUIUM. n.s. [Lat. A chymical 
 term.] A distillation by dissolving any 
 calcined matter, by hanging it up in 
 moist cellars, into a lixivious humour. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Deli'rament. n.s. [dtliramentum, Ldt.1 
 A doting or foolish fancy. Diet. 
 
 To DELIRATE. v. n. [dclho, Lat.] To 
 dote ; to rave ; to talk or act idly. Diet. 
 
 Deli RATION, n.s. [deliratio,Lkt.] Do- 
 tage ; folly ; madness. Diet. 
 
 Deli'rious. adj. [delirius, Lat.] Light- 
 headed; raving; doting. 
 
 Tfie people about biui said he had been for 
 some hours det'trious ; but when 1 saw him he had 
 his understanding as well as ever I knew. Sidjt. 
 
 On bed 
 Delirims flung, sleep from liis pillow flies. Thatm. 
 
 DELIRIUM. K.s. [Lat.] Alienation of 
 mind; dotage. 
 
 Too great alacrity and promptness in answer- 
 ing, especially in persons naturally of another 
 temper, is a sign of an approaching <5e/tri»?/i ; and 
 in a feverish dt^lirium there is a small inflamma- 
 tion of the brain- Arhiithnot on Diet. 
 
 Delitiga'tion. n.s. [from deliligo, 
 Lat.] A striving; a chiding; a con- 
 tending. 
 
 To DELIVER, v. a. [delivrer.Ft.] 
 
 1. To set free ; to release. 
 Thus slie the captive did deliver' ; 
 
 The captive thus gave up his quiver. Prn>r. 
 
 2. To save ; to rescue. 
 
 Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the 
 wicked, out of the band of the unrighteous and 
 cruel man. Psaim Ixxi. 4. 
 
 I was like to be apprehended for the witch of 
 Brainford ; but that my admiable dexterity of 
 wit, counterfeiting the aclioii of an old woman, 
 delivered me. Shakesp. 
 
 490
 
 DEL 
 
 S. To surrender ; to put into one's hands ; 
 to resii^n ; to give up ; to yield. 
 
 In diiy case th'Ui slmlt ild'u'cr him the plcdirt' 
 B/^in when the sun goelli d(»wn. Dent. xxiv. VJ. 
 
 And DavUl yd\d to tiiin, ;inst ihovi bring nie 
 down lo this Cf'iupaiiy ? And he said, S'wrar unto 
 me l»v God, that ihuu wilt ncillicr kill mv, nor de- 
 Ih'Cr me into the hands of mv luasler, and I will 
 brint: (hee dt»wa to this company. I Sam. 
 
 Tiiev obevcd not tliy coniiimndmeuts, where- 
 fore tliou hast ddivcTtil us fur a spui!, and unto 
 captivity. Tob. iii. 4. 
 
 4. To give; to ofTer; to present. 
 
 Now therefore receive no more raoney of j'our 
 acquaintance, hut deliver it for the breaches of 
 the house. 2 Kings. 
 
 Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, 
 after the former maimer, when thou wa^t his but- 
 ler. Gen. xl. 13. 
 
 It was no wonder tliat ihey, who at such a time 
 could be corrupted to frame and deliver such a 
 petition, would not be reformed by such an an- 
 swer. Dryden. 
 
 5. To cast away ; to throw off. 
 
 Charm'd with that virtuous draught, th' ex- 
 alted mind 
 All sen^e of woe delivers to the wind. Pope. 
 
 6. To disburden a woman of a child. 
 
 On her fright and fears, 
 She is soraething before her time deliver d. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a 
 
 few verses, and those poor ones too. Feacham. 
 
 7. To speak ; to tell ; to relate ; to utter ; 
 lo pronounce. 
 
 A mirtli-moving jest, 
 Which his fair tongue, conceit's expositor, 
 Delivers in such apt and gracious words, 
 That aged ears play truant at his tales. Shah. 
 
 Tell me your hij^hness' pleasure, 
 What from your grace I shall deliver to him. Shah. 
 1 knew a clergyman who appeared to deliver his 
 sermon withoutlooking into his notes. Suyt, 
 
 8- To exert in motion. Not in use. 
 
 Procles seemed so to overrun his age in strength, 
 that iNIusidorus could not perform any action on 
 horse or foot more strongly, or deliver that strength 
 more nimbly. Sidneii. 
 
 To Deliver ovei-. v. a. 
 
 1 . To put into another's hands ; to leave 
 to the discretion of another. 
 
 Deliver me not over unto the will of mine ene- 
 mies ; for false witnesses are risen up against me, 
 and such as breatJ»e out cruelty. Ps«/m xxvii. VJ. 
 
 The constables have delivered her over to me, 
 and slie shall have whipping enough, I warrant 
 her. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To give from hand to hand; to trans- 
 mit. 
 
 If a true account may be expected by future 
 ages from ttie present, your lordship will be de- 
 livered over to posterity in a fairer character than I 
 have given. Dryden. 
 
 To Deli'ver up. V. a. To surrender; 
 to give up. 
 
 He that spared not his own son, but delivered 
 him up for us all, how shall he not, with him also, 
 freely give us all things ? Rom. viii. 32. 
 
 Are the cities, that I got with wounds, 
 Delivered up a";ain with peaceful words ? Shakesp. 
 
 Happy having such a son. 
 That would deliver up his greatness so 
 Into the baud of justice. Shakesp. 
 
 Deliverance, w. 5. [delivrattce, Yr.] 
 1. The act of freeing from captivity, sla- 
 very, or any oppression ; rescue. 
 
 He halh sent me to heal tlie broken-hearted, to 
 
 preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering 
 
 of siglit 10 the blind, to set at libertv those thul 
 
 are Ixmnd. l.uke, iv. 18. 
 
 O God, command deliverances for Jact'b. 
 
 Psalm xliv. 4. 
 Whate'er befalls, your life shall be my care ; 
 One death or one deitv ranee we will share, Drqd. 
 
 T) R L 
 
 2. The act of deliverinjj a thin;^ to ano- 
 ther: nowcommoly called tUtivtry. 
 
 3. The act of bringing children. 
 
 Ne'er mother 
 RejoicM deliverance more. Shah. 
 
 People have a superstitious belief, that in the 
 labour of women it helpeth lo the easy deliverance. 
 
 Bacon 
 
 4. The act of speaking ; utterance ; pro- 
 nunciation : now commonl}^ delivtry. 
 
 If seriously I may convey my thouuhts 
 In this my light deliverance, 1 have spoke 
 With one that in her sex, her years profession, 
 AVisdoin and cunstancy, I'alh amaz'd me more 
 Than I dare blame my weakness. 
 
 '.S7jti/c. AlCs wellthat ends well. 
 
 Deli'verer. n.s. [from deliver.] 
 
 1. A saver; a rescuer; a preserver; a re- 
 leaser. 
 
 It doth notably set forlh the consent of all na- 
 tions and a«cs, in the approbation of theextirpat- 
 ino and denellating of giants, monsters, and fo- 
 reign tyrants, not only as lawful, but as merito- 
 rious even of divine honour; and this, although 
 the deliverer came from the one end of tlie world 
 unto the other. Bacon. 
 
 B V that seed 
 Is meant thy great Deliverer, who shall bruise 
 The serpent^s head. Miltun. 
 
 Andrew Dona has a statue erected to him at 
 the entrance of the doge's palace, "ith the glori- 
 ous title of deliverer of the commonwealth. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Him their deliverer Europe does confess ; 
 All tonaues extol him, all religions bless. 
 
 Hallfai. 
 
 2. A relator ; one that communicates some- 
 thing by speech or writing. 
 
 Divers chymical experiments, delivered by so- 
 ber authors, have been believed false, only be- 
 cause the mensiruums were not as highly rectified, 
 or exquisitely depurated, as those that were used 
 by the delivcrei'S of those experiments. Boyle. 
 
 Delivery. 7i.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of delivering, 
 
 2. Release ; rescue ; saving. 
 
 He swore, with sobs, 
 That he would labour my delivery. Shakesp. 
 
 3. A surrender; act of giving up. 
 
 After the delivevij of your royal father's person 
 into the hands of the army, £ undertaking to the 
 queen mother, that I would find some means to 
 get access to him, she was pleased to send me. 
 
 Denham. 
 Nor did he in any degree contribute to the 
 delivery of his house, which was at first imagined, 
 because it was so ill, or not at all, defended. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 4. Utterance ; pronunciation ; speech. 
 
 We allege what the scriptures themselves do 
 usually speak, for the saving force of the word of 
 God ; not with restraint to any certain kind of 
 delivery, but howsoever the same shall chance to 
 be made known. Hixiker. 
 
 I was charmed with the gracefulness of bis fi- 
 gure and delivery, as well as with his discourses. 
 
 Addistm. 
 
 5. Use of the limbs ; activity. 
 
 Musidorus could not perform any action on 
 horse or fool more strongly, or deliver that strength 
 more nimbly, or become" the delivery more gruce- 
 fullv, or employ all more virtuously. Sidneij. 
 
 Thee;irl wasthe taller, and muc1> the stronger ; 
 but the duke had the neater limbs, and freer de- 
 Uvenj U'otton. 
 
 6. Childbirth. 
 
 Like as a woman with cliilil, that drawcth near 
 
 the lime of her t/Witf ry. is in pain, and cricili out. 
 
 Isaiah, xwi. 7, 
 
 Dell. n.s. [from rfd/, Dut.] .4 pit ; a 
 hole in the ground ; any cavity in the 
 earth, wider than a ditch and narrower 
 than a valleJ^ Obsolete. 
 
 D K L 
 
 The while, t)ie same nnhappv ewe. 
 Whose clouted lei; her hurl duth shew. 
 Fell headlong into a dell. Spevet. 
 
 I know each lane, and every allev )2;reen. 
 Diiiolc, or bushy dell, of this wild woof!. MUum. 
 
 But, foes 111 sunshine, most Ihcy look dcliuht 
 In dells and dales, coiiceal'd from'huQian sicht. 
 
 Tukell. 
 Df.lph. n. s. [from Drift, the name of 
 the capital of Uelftland.j .\ fine iort of 
 earthen ware. 
 
 A supiier worthy of herself ; 
 Five nuihings in five plates o( deljih. 
 
 Slrift. 
 
 De'ltoide. adj. [from dt/la, the fourth 
 letter of the Greek alphabet ; so called 
 by reason of its resembling this letter.] 
 .\n epithet applied to a triangular mus- 
 cle arising from the clavicula, and from 
 the process of the same, whose action is 
 to raise the arm upward. 
 
 Cut siill more of the deUoide muscle, and carry 
 the arm hackward. iliarp't Surgery. 
 
 Delu'dable. adj. [from delude.] Liable 
 to be decei\ed ; that is easily imposed 
 on : rather deludiblc. 
 
 Kot well understanding omniscience, he is not 
 so ready lo deceive himself, as to falsify unto hiiu 
 whose cogitation is no ways deludahle. 
 
 Broicn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 ToDELU'DE. v. a. [delude, Li,t.] 
 
 1. To beguile; to cheat; to deceive ; to 
 impose on. 
 
 O, give me leave, I have deluded you ; 
 'Twas neither Charles, nor yet the duke. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI, 
 L«t not the Trojans, with a feign'd pretence 
 Of protier'd peace, delude the Lalian prince. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 
 Delu'der. U.S. [from rfe/«rf(-.] A beguiler ; 
 
 a deceiver ; an impostor ; a cheat ; a 
 false pretender. 
 
 Say, flatterer, say, all fair deluder speak ; 
 Answer me this, ere yet my heart does break. 
 
 GranviUe. 
 
 And thus the sweet deluder$ tune their song. 
 
 To DELVE. J', a. [celpan, Sax. delten, 
 Dut. perhaps from h^ipa^ a hog. 
 
 Junius.l 
 
 1 . To dig ; to open the ground with a 
 spade. 
 
 It shall go hard. 
 But I will delrx one yard below the mines. 
 And lilow ihem at the moon. Shakesp. 
 
 Deliv of convenient depth your thrashing floor ; 
 With teraper'd cl.ty then fill and face it o'er. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The filthy swine with deliing snout 
 The routed fi.rest undermine. Philipt. 
 
 2. To fathom ; to sift ; to sound one's opi- 
 nion. Figuratively. 
 
 \^ hat's his name and birth ? 
 —I cannot i/t/i<; him to the root : his father 
 Was call d Sicilius. Shakesp. 
 
 Delve, n *. [from the verb.] A ditch ; 
 a pit ; a pitfal ; a den ; a cave. 
 
 He by and by 
 His feeble feet directed tj the cry ; 
 Which to that shady (fe.'ivhim brought at last, 
 AVliurc Mammon erst did sun his treasury. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Such a light and mettled d.inct. 
 S.iw you never yet in France ; 
 .■\nd by Icadmen, for the imnce. 
 That turn round like grindle-stones. 
 Which liiey dig out fro' the delres. 
 For the'u' bairus bread, wives, and solves. 
 
 Ben Jimson. 
 
 491
 
 D E M 
 
 Delve of Coals. A certain quantity of 
 coals dug in the mine or pit. Diet. 
 
 De'lver. 11. s. [from f/(/i'f.] A digger; 
 one that opens the ground with a spade. 
 
 DELUGE, n. s. [dduge, Fr. from dilu- 
 vium, Lat,] 
 
 1. A general inundation; laying entirely 
 under water. 
 
 TIk' aposlle dotli jilainly i[itimatc, that the old 
 world was subject to pensh by a deluge, as this 
 is subject to jieribh by condagrution. 
 
 Buniet's Theory. 
 
 2. An overflowing of the natural bounds 
 of a river. 
 
 I3iit if with bays and dams they strive to force 
 His channel to a new or narrow course. 
 No longer then wilhin his banks he dwells, 
 First to a torrent, then a deluge, swells. Denham, 
 
 3. Any sudden and resistless calamity. 
 To De'luge. v. a. [from the noim.] 
 
 1. To drown ; to lay totally under water. 
 The restless Hood the land would overflow, 
 
 By which the delng'd earth would useless grow. 
 
 Bliichmore. 
 Still the balterinz waves rush in 
 Jmidacable, till (/f/iigVby the foam, 
 The ship sinks, found'riiig in the vast abyss. 
 
 Vltilips. 
 
 2. To overwhelm ; to cause to sink under 
 the weight of any calamity. 
 
 At leiitith corruption, like a general flood, 
 Shall deUige all. Pope. 
 
 Delusion, n.s. [f/f/(Wio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of deluding ; a cheat ; guile ; 
 deceit ; treachery ; fraud ; collusion ; 
 falsehood. 
 
 2. The state of one deluded. 
 
 3. A false representation; illusion; er- 
 rour ; a chimerical thought. 
 
 \Vho tlierefore seeks in tliese 
 True wisdom, flnds her not, or by delusion. 
 
 Milton. 
 I waking, vicw'd with grief the rising sun, 
 And fondly niourn'd the clear de/usion gone. Prior. 
 
 Delu'sive. «f//. [^lom delusus, Lat.] Apt 
 
 to deceive ; beguiling ; imposing on. 
 
 When, fir'd witli passion, we attack the fair, 
 Delusiic sighs and brittle vows we bear. Prior. 
 
 The happy whtmsey you pursue. 
 Till you at length believe it true ; 
 Caught by your own dclusil^e art, 
 You fancy iirst, and then assert. Prior. 
 
 While the base aiid grovelling multitude were 
 listening to the delusive deities, those of a more 
 erect aspect anil exalted spirit sep;irated them- 
 selves from the rest. Tatler, No. 81. 
 
 Phajnoineiia so delusari/ Ihat it is very har<l to 
 escape imposition and mistake. ]t'oodit'urd. 
 
 Delu'sory. adj. [from delusus, Lat.] 
 Apt to deceive. 
 
 This confidence is founded on no better foun- 
 dation than a desultory prejudice. Glanville. 
 
 De'MAGOGUE. n. S. [h\i/.a.yuy^.] A 
 ringleader of the rabble ; a popular and 
 factious orator. 
 
 Who were the chief deliiagngues and patrons of 
 tumidts, to send for them, to flatter and emholdeir 
 them. l^iug Charles. 
 
 A plausible, insignificant word, in tiie niouili 
 of an expert demagogue, is a dangerous and dread- 
 ful weapon. South. 
 
 Demosthenes and Cicero, though eacli of theai 
 a leader, or, as the Greeks called it, a demagogue, 
 in a popular state, yet seem to dilTer in their 
 practice. Su'ij't. 
 
 Dema'in. "i 
 
 Demean. > n.«. [rfowaine, Fr.] 
 
 Deme'sne. j 
 
 1 . That land which a man holds originally 
 
 D E U 
 
 of himself, called dominium by tlie ci- 
 vilians, and opposed to Jlodum or fee, 
 which signifies those that are held of a 
 superior lord. It is sometimes used al- 
 so for a distinction between tliose lands 
 that the lord of the manor has in liis own 
 hands, or in the hands of his lessee, de- 
 mised or let ujjon a rent for a term of 
 years or life, and such other lands ap- 
 pertaining to the said manor as belong 
 to free or copyholders. I'hillips. 
 
 2. Estate in land. 
 
 Having now provided 
 A gentleman of noble parentage. 
 Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly allied. Shah. 
 That earldom uideed had a royal jurisdiction 
 and seigniory, though the lands of that county in 
 demesne were jiossessed for the most part by the 
 ancient inheritors. D'avies. 
 
 3. Land adjoining to the mansion ; kept 
 
 in the lords own hand. 
 
 Those acts for platiting forest trees have hither- 
 to been wholly iiietfectual, except about the de- 
 mesnes of a few gentlemen ; and even there, in 
 general, very unskilfully made. Swift. 
 
 To DEMA'ND. v. a. [demander, Fr.] 
 
 1. Toclaina; to ask for with authority. 
 The pound of flesh which I demand of hini. 
 
 Is dearly bought ; 'tis mine, and I will have it. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 2. To question ; to interrogate. 
 
 And when Uriah was come unto him, David 
 demanded of him how.Toab did, and how the peo- 
 ple did, and how the war prospered ? 
 
 2 Sam. xi. 7. 
 
 If any friend of Ceesar's demand why Brutus 
 
 rose against Csesar, this is my answer : "Not that 
 
 I loved Casar less, but that I loved Rome more. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Young one. 
 Inform us of thy fortunes ; for, it seems, 
 'I'hey crave to be demanded. Shakesp. 
 
 The oracle of Apollo being demanded, when 
 the war and misery of Greece should have an 
 end, replied. When they would double the altar 
 in Delos, which was of a cubick form. 
 
 Peaeham on Geometry. 
 
 3. [In law.] To prosecute in a real ac- 
 tion. 
 
 Dema'nd. 71. s. [demande, Fr.] 
 1. A claim ; a challenging ; the asking of 
 any thing with authority. 
 
 'I'his matter is by the decree of the watchers, 
 and the demand by the word of the iioly ones. 
 
 l)an. iv. 17. 
 Giving vent, gives life and strength, to our ap- 
 
 f)etites ; and he that has the conhdence to turn 
 lis wishes into demands, will be but a little way 
 from thinking lie ought to obtain them. Locke. 
 
 •2. A question ; an interrogation, 
 3. The calling for a thing in order to pur- 
 chase it. 
 
 My bookseller tells me, the demand for those 
 ray papers increases daily. Addison. 
 
 i. [Inlaw.] The asking of what is due. 
 It hath also a projjer signification distin - 
 guished from plaint ; for all civil actions 
 are pursued either by demands or 
 plaints, and the pursuer is called de- 
 mandant or plaintiff. There are two 
 manners of dimand-'i, tlie one of deed, 
 the other in law : in deed, as in every 
 •prfecipe, there is express demand ; in 
 law, as every entry in land distress for 
 rent, taking or seizing of goods, and 
 
 D E M 
 
 such like acts, which may be done with- 
 out any words, are dtmunds in law. 
 
 Blount. 
 Dema'ndable. adj. [from demand.] 
 That may be demanded ; requested ; 
 asked for. 
 
 All sums demandnhle, for licence of alienation 
 to lie made of lands liohien in chief, have been 
 stayed in the way to the hanaper. Bacon. 
 
 Dema'ndant. n.s. [from demand.] 
 
 1. He who is actor or plaintiff in a real 
 action, because he demandeth lands. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 2. A plaintiff; one that demands redress. 
 One of the witnesses deposed, that dining on a 
 
 Sunday with the demandant, whose wife had sat 
 below the squire's lady at church, she the said 
 wife dropper! some expressions, as if she thought 
 her husband ought to be knighted. Spectator. 
 
 Dema'nder. n.s. [dcmandeu7;Fr.] 
 
 1 . One that requires a tiling with autho- 
 rity. 
 
 2. One that asks a question. 
 
 3. One that asks for a thing in order to 
 purchase it. 
 
 They grow very fast and fat, which also better- 
 eth their taste, and delivereth them to the deman- 
 ders ready use at all seasons. Careie. 
 
 4. A duuner ; one that demands a debt. 
 Deme'an. n. $. [from demencr, Fr.] A 
 
 mien ; presence ; carriage ; demeanour ; 
 deportment. 
 
 At his feet, with sorrowful demean. 
 And deadly hue, an armed corse did lie. Spenser. 
 To DEME'AN. v. a. [(rom dememr, Fr.] 
 
 1, To behave ; to carry one's self. 
 
 Those plain and legible lines of duly irquiring 
 us to demean ourselves to God humb'ly and de- 
 voutly, to our governors obediently, arid to our 
 neighbours justly, and to ourselves soberly and 
 temperately. South. 
 
 A man cannot doubt but that there is a God ; 
 and that, according as he demeans himself towards 
 him, he will make him liappy or miserable for 
 ever. I'illolson. 
 
 Strephon had long perplex'd his brains. 
 How with so high a nymph he might 
 Demean himself the wedding-night. Swift. 
 
 2. To lessen ; to debase ; to undervalue. 
 
 Now, out of doubt, Antipholis is mad ; 
 Else he would never so demean himself. Shakesp. 
 
 Deme'anour. n.s. [dcmener, Fr.] Car- 
 riage ; behaviour. 
 
 Of so insupportable a pride he was, that where 
 his deeds might well stir envy, his demeanonr did 
 rather breed disdain. Sidney. 
 
 Angels best like us, when we are most like unto 
 them in all parts of decent demeanour. Hooka-. 
 
 His gestures fierce 
 He mark'd, and mad demeanour, then alone. 
 As he snppos'd, all unobserv'd, unseen. Milton. 
 
 Thus Eve, with sad demeanour meek, 
 III worthy I. Mitt(m. 
 
 He was of a courage not to be daunted, which 
 was manifested in all his actions, especially in his 
 whole demeanii'/rat Rhee, both at the finding and 
 ujion the retreat. Clarendon. 
 
 Deme'ans. n.s. pi. properly demesnes. 
 An estates in lands ; th;it which a man 
 possesses in his own right. 
 
 ToDKME'NTATE. v.n. [deme?ito, Ls.t.] 
 To make mad. 
 
 Dementa'tion. n.s. [dementatio, I^at.] 
 Making mad, or frantick. 
 
 De'merit. n. s. [demcrite, Fr. from de- 
 merit us, of demereor, Lat.] 
 
 1. The opposite to merit; iU deserving; 
 
 402
 
 DEM 
 
 what makes one worthy of blame or pu- 
 nishment. 
 
 Tliey should not be able once to stir, or to mur- 
 mur, but it should be known, and tliey shortened 
 according to their dements. Sjif^nseroiL freleuid. 
 
 Thou iiv'st by me, to me thy breath resign ; 
 Aline is the nierit, the demerit thine. Vrydcn. 
 
 Whatever they acquire by their industry or in- 
 
 fenuity, should t;e secure, unless forfeited by any 
 tmerit oi otience agai[ist the custom of the family. 
 
 Tem})le. 
 
 2. Anciently the same with merit ; desert. 
 
 I fetch my life and bcin;^ 
 From men of royal sie'j;e ; and my demerits 
 Jllav speak, unbonnetting, to as proud a fortune 
 As this that I have reach'd. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 To Demerit, v. a. [demcriter,Vr.] To 
 deserve blame or pimishment. 
 
 Deme'rsed. adj. [from demersus, o{ rk- 
 mergo, I^at.] Plunged ; drowned. Diet. 
 
 Deme'rsion. 71. s. [demersio, Lat.} 
 
 1. A drowning. 
 
 2. [In chymistry.] The putting any me- 
 dicine in a dissolving liquor. Diet. 
 
 Deme'sne. See Demain. 
 
 DE'MI. inseparable particle, [demi, Fr. 
 dimidium, Lat.] Half; one of two 
 equal parts. This word is only used in 
 composition, as demigod; that is, half 
 human, half divine. 
 
 Demi-cannon, n.s. [demi xnUi cannon.'] 
 
 Demi-cannon Lowest. A great gun that 
 carries a ball of thirty pounds weight 
 and six inches diameter. The dia- 
 meter of the bore is six inches two eighth 
 parts. I)ict. 
 
 Demi-cannon Ordinary. A great gun 
 six inches four eighths diameter in the 
 bore, twelve foot long. It carries a shot 
 six inches one sixth diameter, and thirty- 
 two pounds weight. Diet. 
 
 Demicav^^on of the greatest Size. A 
 gun six inches and six eighth parts dia- 
 meter in the bore, twelve foot long. It 
 carries a ball of six inches five eighths 
 diameter, and thirty-six pounds weight. 
 
 Diet. 
 What ! this a sleeve, *tis like a demi-camum. 
 
 Shukesp. 
 
 Ten engines, that shall be of equal force either 
 
 to a camion or demi-cantwii^ culverin or derai-cul- 
 
 veriii. may be framed at the same price that one of 
 
 these will amount to. JVilkins. 
 
 Demi-culverin. n.s. [demi and cul- 
 verin.] 
 
 Demi-culverin of the loicest Size. A 
 pun four inches two eighths diameter in 
 the bore, and ten foot long. It carries a 
 ball four inches diameter, and nine 
 pounds weight. Diet. 
 
 Demi-culverin Ordinary. A gun four 
 inches four eighths diameter in the bore, 
 ten foot long. It carries a ball four inches 
 two eighths diameter, and ten poiuids 
 eleven ounces weight. 
 
 Demi-culverin, elder Sort. A gun four 
 inches and six eighths diameter in the 
 bore, ten foot one third in length. It 
 carries a ball four inches four eighth 
 parts diameter, and twelve pounds ele- 
 ven ounces weight. Mititari/ Diet. 
 Tliey continue a perpetual volley of demi-cid- 
 verins. Raleigh. 
 
 D E ]\I 
 
 The army left two demi-culverins, and two other 
 good guns. Chtrendim. 
 
 Demi-i>evil. [demi and devil.] Partaking 
 of infernal nature; half a devil. 
 
 ^Viil you, I pray, demand that demi-dtril. 
 Why he hath thus ensnar'd my soul and borlv ? 
 
 Shak. Olficlln. 
 
 Demi-god. n.s. [demi and god.] Par- 
 taking of divine nature ; half a god ; an 
 hero i)roduced by the cohabitation of di- 
 vinities with mortals. 
 
 He took his leave of them, whose eyes bade 
 him farewcl with tears, making temjiles "to him as 
 to a ilemi-god. Sldneu. 
 
 lie i^ods, or angels, dcmi-gods, ili/'fiwi. 
 
 Transported demi-aods stood round, 
 
 And men grew heroes at the sound, 
 
 P^itlam'd with glory's charms. Pcw. 
 
 iS'Kv.lmlf in beaven,except( what's mighty o'id) 
 A fit of vapours clouds i\\\^dcmi-god. Pope. 
 
 Demi-lance, n.s. [demia.ndlanee.] A 
 light lance ; a short spear ; a half-pike. 
 
 On their stecl'd heads their demi-lances wore 
 Small pennons, which their ladies colours bore. 
 
 Dryde7t. 
 Light demi-lances from afar they throw, 
 Fasten'd with leathern thongs, to gall the foe. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Demi-man. n.s. [demi and man.'] Half 
 a man : a term of reproach. 
 
 We must adventure this battle, lest we perish by 
 the complaints of this h^rk'mg demi-man. KiioUes. 
 
 Demi-wolf. n.s. [demi and wolf .] Half 
 a wolf; a mongrel dog between a dog 
 and wolf: lycisca. 
 
 Spaniels, curs, 
 Showghs, water-rugs, and demi-ieolves. are 'cleped 
 All by the name of dogs. Shak. Macbtth. 
 
 Demi'SE. n.s. [{rom demetre, demis, de- 
 mise, Fr.] Death ; decease. It is sel- 
 dom used but in formal and ceremonious 
 language. 
 
 About a month before the demise of queen Anne, 
 the author retired. Sieift. 
 
 To DEMISE. V. a. [demis, demise, Fr.] 
 
 To grant at one's death ; to grant by 
 
 will ; to bequeath. 
 
 My executors shall not have power to demise 
 my lands to be purchased. SidJ'c's Last ]i'ill. 
 
 Demission. ?i. s. [demissio, L;it.] Degra- 
 dation ; diminution of dignity ; depres- 
 sion. 
 
 Inexorable vigour is worse than a lasche demis- 
 sion of sovereign authority. L' Kstrajtgc. 
 
 To DEMIT. 1'. a. [danitto, Lat.] To de- 
 press ; to hang down ; !o let fall. Diet. 
 
 VVhcu tliCY are iii llielr pride, that is, advanc- 
 ing their train, if th-.y decline iheir neck to tlie 
 ground, theypreseutly dfmif and let fall the same. 
 Urowiii Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 DEMO'CKACY. n. ,?. [^f,aK^<zria.] One 
 
 of the three forms of government ; th.at 
 
 in which the sovereign power is neither 
 
 lodged in one man, nor in the nobles, 
 
 but in the collective body of the people. 
 
 While many of the servants, by industry and 
 virtue, arrive "at riches and esteem, then the na- 
 ture of the government inclines to a democracy- 
 Temple. 
 
 The majority, having the whole power of the 
 community, may employ all that power in making 
 law5,andeNccutnig those laws ; and there the form 
 of the governuient is s perfect democracu. I^cke. 
 
 Democra'tical. adj. [iromdemocraci/.] 
 Pertaining to a popular government ; 
 popular. 
 
 They are still within thclinc of vulgarity, and 
 
 are dcmocratical enemies to truth. iJroieu's I ult;. Kr. 
 
 As the government of England has a nii.vture of 
 
 DEM 
 
 democralical in it, so the right is partly in tli« nro- 
 ple. Arbul'iiwt. 
 
 To DEMOLISH, v. a. [demolir, Fr. de- 
 molior, Lat.] To throw down buildings ; 
 to raze ; to destroy. 
 
 I expected llic fabrick of mv book would long 
 since have been demolished, &tii\ laid even with the 
 ground. Tillutsoa. 
 
 Hed lightnin" play'd along the firmament. 
 And their demolish'd works to pieces rent. Drydcn. 
 
 Demo'lisher. n. s. [from demolish.] One 
 that throws down buildings ; a destroy- 
 er ; a layer waste. 
 
 Demolition, n.s. [from demolish.]'Y\\e 
 act of overthrowing or demolishing 
 buildings; detruction. 
 
 Two i^entleiiu-n sliould have the direction in ihe 
 dtmalition of Dunkirk. .>u>r. 
 
 DE'MON. n. s. [dctmon, Lat. httfiMt^ A 
 spirit ; generally an evil spirit ; a devil. 
 
 1 felt him strike, and now I see him fly : 
 Curs'd demon ! U for ever broken lie 
 Those fatal shafts, by which I inward bleed '.Prior. 
 
 DeMONI'ACAL. J ,. rr J t 
 
 Demo'niack. \"ih[(romdemon.] 
 
 1. Belonging to the devil ; devilish. 
 
 fie, all unarm'd, 
 .Shall chase thee with the terror of his voice 
 From thy demoninck holds, possession f iul. V r. 
 
 2. Influenced by the devil ; produced by 
 diabolical possession. 
 
 Demoniack phren?^', moping melancholy. Ali/rmi. 
 
 Demo'niack. n.s. [from the adjectiv.] 
 One possessed by the devil ; one whti-e 
 mind is disturbed and agitated by tiie 
 power of wicked and unclean spirits. 
 
 Those lunaticks and demoniacks that were re- 
 stored to their right mind, were such as sought af- 
 ter him, and believed in him. Iff :if^ v. 
 
 Demo'ni AN. (•/(//. [from rfcnioH.] De\:l- 
 ish ; of the nature of devils. 
 
 Demonlan spirits now, from the element 
 Each of his reign allotted, rightlier cull'd 
 Powers of fire, air, water. MiUcn. 
 
 Demono'cracy. n. s. [^aifu»and x^nx.] 
 The power of the devil. Diet. 
 
 DeMONO'LATRY. n.s. [iaiftMt andXaTf-sia.] 
 The worship of the devil. Dirt. 
 
 Demono'logy. n.s. [Sxiuxt and>..y^.\ 
 Discotnse of the nature of devils. Thi;s 
 king James intitled his book concerning 
 witches. 
 
 Demonstrable, lulj, [demonstrabilis, 
 Lat.] That which may be proved be- 
 yond doubt or contradiction ; that which 
 may be mjide not only probable but e\ i- 
 dent. 
 
 The grand articles of our I elief are as demomtrj- 
 hte as geometry. GlaniiUe. 
 
 Df.m<>'nstr.\BLY. adv. [from drmon>t> i- 
 ble.] In such a manner as admits of 
 certain proof; evidently ; beyond possi- 
 bility of contradiction. 
 
 He should have com[>elled his ministers to ex- 
 ecute the law, in cases I. .at demonstrably concerned 
 the publick peace. Clarendon. 
 
 To DEMONSTRATE, r. a. [demonstro, 
 Lat] To prove with the highest degree 
 of certainty; to prove in such a manner 
 as reduces the contrary position to e\ i- 
 dent absurdity. 
 
 We cannot demonstrate these things so as to 
 shew that the contrary often involves a contra- 
 diction. ' TiUotion. 
 
 i9i
 
 DEM 
 
 Demonstra'tion. n.s. [demonstratio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. 'I lie highest degree of deducible or ai-- 
 guiiieiit;d evidence ; the strongest de- 
 gree of proof; siieh proof as not only 
 evinees the position proved to be true, 
 but sliews the contrary position to be 
 absurd and impossible. 
 
 U'iutt appuaiotli tij lie true by strone and invin- 
 cUAc dtfnon^tratmij such as wnercin it is not by 
 ■d!\y Wily possible to be deceived, thereunto the 
 niiiiil doth necessarily yield. Hooker. 
 
 Where the agreement or disagreement of any 
 tliinii is plainly and clearly perceived, it is called 
 dtmi)nstrati>in. Locke. 
 
 2. Inilubitable evidence of the senses or 
 reason. 
 
 \\ hich way soever we turn ourselves, we are en- 
 connicred with clear evidences and sensible de- 
 tnimstmtiotis of a Deity. TiUotstm. 
 
 Demonstrative. «(//. [demonstrativus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Having the power of demonstration; 
 invincibly conclusive ; certain. 
 
 An arginnent necessary and demonstmtiie, is 
 such as, being proposed unto any man, and un- 
 derstood, the man cannot choose but inwardly 
 jit^W- . Hooker. 
 
 2. Having the power of expressing clearly 
 and certainly. 
 
 Painting is necessary to all other arts, because 
 of the need which tliey have of demonstratire fi- 
 gures, which often give more light to tlie under- 
 standing than the clearest discourses. Dryden. 
 
 Demo'nstratively. adv. [(romdemon- 
 xh-alive.] 
 
 1. With evidence not to be opposed or 
 doubted. 
 
 No man, in matters of this life, requires an as- 
 surance either of the good which he designs, or of 
 the evil which lie avoids, from arguments demon- 
 (trativcln certain. South. 
 
 First, I demonstratirelu prove. 
 That feet were only made to move. Prior. 
 
 2. Clearly ; plainly ; with certain know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Denionslratioely understanding the simplicity of 
 pejfeclion, it was not in the power of earth to 
 worit them from it. Brown. 
 
 Demonstrator, n. s. [from dtmon- 
 strateJ] One that proves ; one that 
 teaches ; one that demonstrates. 
 
 Demonstra'tory. adj. [from demon- 
 strate,'^ Having the tendency to demon- 
 strate. 
 
 Demu'lcent. adj. [demu/cens, Lat.] Sof- 
 tening ; mollifying ; assuasive. 
 
 Pease, being deprived of any aromatick parts, 
 are mild and demulcent in the highest decree ; but, 
 being full of aerial particles, are iiatulent, when 
 dissolved by digestion. Arhutknot. 
 
 To DEMU'R, c. n. [demewer, Fr. dimo- 
 rare, Ital. demorari, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To delay a process in law by doubts 
 and objections. See Demurrer. 
 
 To this plea the pWiniitJ demurred. 
 
 )\ altoji^s .iiigler. 
 
 2. To pause in uncertainty ; to suspend 
 determination ; to hesitate ; to delay the 
 conclusion of an affair. 
 
 Upon this rub the English amhassadours thought 
 fit to demur, and so sent into England to receive 
 directions from the lords of the council. Hauioard. 
 
 Running into demands, they expect from us a 
 sudden resolution in things wherein the devil of 
 Delijhos would rfcraur. Brou-n's Vulg. Err. 
 
 He must be of a very sluggish or querulous 
 humour, that shall demur upon setting out, or de- 
 
 DEM 
 
 rnand higher encouragemerits than the liope of 
 heaven. Decay of Piety. 
 
 News of my death from rumour he receiv'd, 
 And what he wish'd he easily believ'd ; 
 Bill long (/fmiiir'rf, tho'from my hand he knew 
 i liv d, so loth he was to think it true. Dryden 
 
 .T. To doubt; to have scruples or difficul- 
 ties; to deliberate. 
 
 There i» something in our composition that 
 thinks and apprelienils, and reflects and delibe- 
 rates, determines and doubts, consentsand denies; 
 that wills and demurs, and resolves, and chuses, 
 and rejects. BeiUley. 
 
 To Demu'r. I', a. To doubt of. 
 
 Tlie latter I demur; for in their looks 
 Rluch reason, and in their actions, oft appears. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Demur. M.S. [from the verb.] Doubt; 
 hesitation ; suspense of opinion. 
 
 O progeny of lieav'n, empyreal thrones! 
 With reason hath deep silence and demur 
 Seiz'd us, though undismay'd. Milton. 
 
 Certainly' the highest and dearest concerns of a 
 temporal life are infinitely less valuable than those 
 of an eternal; and consequently ought, ivithout 
 any demur at all, to be sacrificed to them, when- 
 soever they come in competition with them.South. 
 
 All my demurs but double his attacks ; 
 At List he whispers. Do, and we go snacks. Pope. 
 
 DEMU'RE. adj. [des maurs, Fr.] 
 
 1. Sober; decent. 
 
 Lo ! two most lovely virgins came in place, 
 With countenance demure, and modest grace. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Come, pensive nun, devout and pure, 
 Sober, stedfast, and demure. Milton. 
 
 2. Grave; affectedly modest : it is now 
 generally taken in a sense of contempt. 
 
 After B demure travel of regard, I tell them I 
 know my place, as I would they should do theirs. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 There be many wise men, that have secret hearts 
 and transparent countenances ; yet this would be 
 done with a demure abasing ot your eye some- 
 times. Bacon. 
 
 A cat lay and looked so demure as if there had 
 been neither life nor soul in her. L'Kstraw'e. 
 
 So cat, transform'd, sat gravely and demure. 
 Till mouse appear'd, and thought himself secure. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Juve sent and found, far in a country scene. 
 Truth, innocence, good-nature, look serene ; 
 Froni which ingredients, first, the dext'rous boy 
 Pick'd the demure, the aukward, and thecoy.Sii i/i. 
 To Demu're. v. n. [fromthe noun."] To 
 look with an affected modesty : not used 
 
 Your wife Octavia, witli her modest eves. 
 And still conclusion, shall acquire no honour, 
 Demuring upon me. Shakesp. 
 
 Demu'r EL\ -adv. [from demure.] 
 
 1. With affected modesty ; solemnly ; with 
 pretended gravity. 
 
 Put on a sober habit. 
 Talk with respect, and sivear but now and then, 
 Wear prayer-books in my pocket, look demurely. 
 , Shakesp. 
 
 Esop's damsel, turned from a cat to a woman, 
 sat very demurely at tiie board's end, till a mouse 
 ran before her. Bacon. 
 
 Next stoodHypocrisy with holy leer, 
 Soft smiling, and dcmurelii looking down ; 
 ButliHi Ihc dagger underneath the gm\n. Dryden. 
 
 2. In the ibllovving line it is the same with 
 solemnly. Warhnrton. 
 
 Hark, how the drums demurely wake the sleep- 
 ^■"s ■ Shakesp. 
 
 Demu'renes.s. ti.s. [from demure.] 
 
 1. Modesty; sobernr-;; ; gravity of aspect. 
 
 Her eyes having in them such a cheerfulness, as 
 nature seemed to smile in them ; though her mouth 
 and cheeks obeyed to that pretty demureness, 
 whitli the more one marked, the more one would 
 judge the poor soul apt to believe. Sidnett. 
 
 2. Affected modesty; pretended gravity. 
 
 DEN 
 
 Demu'rrage. n.s. [fromdtmur.] An al- 
 lowance made by merchants to masters 
 of ships, for their stay in a port behind 
 the time appointed. 
 
 Demurrer, n.s. [demeurer,Fr.\,e.m'i' 
 nere in aliqtw loco, vcl morari.] A kind 
 of pause upon a point of difficulty in an 
 action ; for, in every action, the contro- 
 versy consists either in the fact, or in the 
 law : if in the fact, that is tried by the 
 jury ; if in law, then is the case plain to 
 the judge, or so hard and rare, as it 
 breedeth just doubt. I call that jilain to 
 the judge, wherein he is assured of 
 the law ; and in such case the judge, 
 with his associates, proceeds to judg- 
 ment without farther work. But when 
 it is doubtful to him and his associates, 
 then is there stay made, and a time taken, 
 either for the court to think farther upon 
 it, and to agree, if they can ; or else for 
 all the justices to meet together in the 
 Chequer-chamber, and, upon hearing 
 that which the Serjeants can say of both 
 parts, to advise, and set down as law, 
 whatsoever they conclude firm, without 
 farther remedy. Cowell. 
 
 A prohibition was granted, and hereunto there 
 was a demurrer. Ayliffe's Parergm. 
 
 DEN. n. s. [ben. Sax.] 
 
 1. A cavern or hollow running horizontal- 
 ly, or with a small obliquity, under 
 ground ; distinct from a hole w"hich runs 
 down perpendicularly. 
 
 They here dispersed, some in the air, some on 
 tlie earth, some in the waters, some amongst tlie 
 minerals, rfcns, and caves under the earth. Hooker. 
 
 2. The cave of a wild beast. 
 W hat, shall they seek the lion in his den. 
 
 And fright him there.' Shake.'q). 
 
 The tyrant's (if tt, whose use, thoushlost to fame. 
 Was now th" apartment of ihe royardame ; 
 The cavern, only to her father known. 
 By him was to his darling daughter shown. Drurf. 
 
 'Tis then the shapeless bear his den forsakes ; 
 In woods and fields a wide destruction makes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Den, the termination of a local name, 
 may signify either a valley or a woody 
 place ; for the Sa.xon sen imports both. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 Dena'y. n. s. [a word formed between 
 deny and nay.] Denial ; refusal. 
 
 To her in haste, give her this jewel : say, 
 My love can give no place, bide iiodtiHii/. Shak. 
 
 Dendro'logy. n.s. [Sit^omnd hCy^.] 
 The natural history of trees. 
 
 Deniable, adj. [from rft/i^.] That which 
 may be denied ; that to which one may 
 refuse belief. 
 
 The negative authority is also deniable by rea- 
 son, firm™. 
 
 Deni'al. n. s. [from deny.] 
 
 1. Negation ; the contrary to affirmation. 
 
 2. Negation ; the contrary to confession. 
 
 No mail more imjuident to deny, where proofs 
 w-ere not manifest ; no nun more ready to confe**, 
 with a repenting manner of aggravating his own 
 evil, where denial would but make the fault fouler. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 3. Refusal ; the contrary to grant ; allow- 
 ance, or concession. 
 
 Here comes j-our father ; never make denial : 
 1 must and will have Catherine to my wife. Shak.
 
 DEN 
 
 The denial of landing, aiid hasty warning us 
 awav, troiihleH us much. Bacon. 
 
 liii, at cv'ry fresh allempf, is repfU'd 
 With (d\\n denials, weaker than before. Dri/den. 
 4-. Abjuration ; contrary to acknowledg- 
 ment of adherence. 
 
 We may dcn_y Gud in ali lliosc acts that arc ca- 
 pable of being morjilly good ur evil : lluise are the 
 proper scenes, in whlclV we act our confessions or 
 deniaU uf him. South. 
 
 Deni'f.R. n.s, [from rff/i^.] 
 
 1. A contradictor ; an opponent ; one that 
 holds the negative of a proposition. 
 
 By the word Virtue the allirmer intends our 
 •whole duly to God and man, and tlie dtnkrhy the 
 word Virtue means only courage, or, at most, our 
 duty towjrds our ueiiilibour, with lut inchidini^ 
 the idea of the duty wiiich we owe to God. Walls. 
 
 2. A disowner ; one that does not own or 
 acknowledije. 
 
 If it was so fearful when Christ looked his denier 
 into repentance, what will it be when he shall look 
 hira into destruction ? South. 
 
 S. A refuser; one that refuses. 
 
 It miiV he 1 am esteemed by my denier sufficient 
 of myself to discharge my duty to God as a iirie?t, 
 thougli not to men as a prince. King Charles. 
 
 Denie'r. «.«. [from deriarit/Sj hilt.] It is 
 pronounced as deneer., in two syllables.] 
 A small denomination of French money ; 
 the twelfth part of a sous. 
 
 You will not pay for the glasses you have hurst r 
 ■ ■■■No. not a denier. Shakesp. 
 
 To DE'N'IGIi.^TE. r. fl. [denigroy Lat.] 
 To blacken ; to make black. 
 
 By sultVrin^ some impression from fire, bodies 
 
 are casually orariificially denigrated in their natu- 
 
 . rai complexion : tiius are charcoals made black by 
 
 an infection of their own sutfitus. Brown^s^'ulg. Ilr. 
 
 llartsboru, and other white bodies, will be de- 
 nigrated by heat ; ^et camphire would not at all 
 lose its \\fiiteness. Bople. 
 
 Denigra'tion. n.s, [de7iis:ra(io,L?iU] 
 A blackening; or making black. 
 
 These are the ndvenient and artifirihl ways of 
 denigration, ausvverably wlierettt may be the na'u- 
 ral progress. Brou^n. 
 
 In several instances of denigration, the metals 
 arc worn off, or otherwise reduced into very mi- 
 nute parts. I'yoyle. 
 Dkniza'tion. n.s. [from d'Jiizen.] The 
 act of infranchising, or making free. 
 
 Tlial Iho mere Irisli were reputed lilions, appears 
 by tiie cliartcrs of denization, which in ail ages 
 Tsere purchased by them. Daries. 
 
 DENIZEN. 1 71. s. [from dinotddyn, a 
 
 DE'NISON. ) manofthecity ;orfAHf^//rW 
 
 free of the city, Welsh.] A freeman ; one 
 
 infrnnchised. 
 
 Dtnizen is a British law term, whicli the Saxons 
 and Angles found here and retained. Davies. 
 
 Thus ih' Abuighly Sire began : ye gods, 
 Natives, or denizens, of blest aboiles, 
 from whence lhe?e murmurs ? Druden. 
 
 A great many plants wUI hardly, with nursing, 
 be mude to [iroduce their seed out of their native 
 soil ; but corn, so necessary for all people, is fitted 
 to grow and to seed as a free denison of the world. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 He summons straight his denizens of air ; 
 
 The lucid squadrons round the sails repair. Pi»/'e. 
 
 ToDe'nizen, V, a. [from the noun.] To 
 infranchise; to make free. 
 
 Pride, lust, covetize, being several 
 To these tliree places, yet all are in all ; 
 Mingled thus, their issue is incestuous; 
 Falsehood is denizen d^ virtue is barbarous. Donne. 
 
 Denomin'able. adj. [dtnomino, Lat.] 
 Tliat may be named or denoted. 
 
 An inflannnation consists of a sanguineous 
 aflluxion.or c]schdcnominable from otlier humours, 
 according to the predominancy of melancholy, 
 phlegm, or choler. Browns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 13 E N 
 
 To DEMO'MINATE. v.a. [denomino.Lat] 
 To name ; to give a name to. 
 
 Tln'comiiKTulrtLile purpose of consecrattfm being 
 not of every one uiirierstond, ihtsy have l)cca con- 
 strued as thoujih llicy liad superstiliousl^y meant 
 eillier thai those places, whicli were iknominnUd 
 of angels and saints, sli-mld serve for tlic worship 
 of so ;,'I{irir>us creatures ; or else those glorious 
 creatures for tiefence, })rotectioii, and patronaue 
 of such phtccs. Hooker. 
 
 Predestination is destructive to all that is esta- 
 blished among men. In all tliat is mf»st precious to 
 human nature, to the two faculties that (iem»mim//f 
 \i5 nu^n, understanding and will ; for what use can 
 we have of our understandings, if we cainiot do 
 what we know to be our duty ? And, if we act 
 not voluntarily, what exercise have we of our 
 wills? Ilammaml. 
 
 DenomiNA'tion. n.s. [denomina/io,Lat.] 
 A name fjfiveii to a thing, wliicli common- 
 ly marks some principal quality of it. 
 
 But is there any token, denomination, or monu- 
 ment (if the Gauls yet remaining in freland, as 
 there is of the Scythians ? Spenser sStute of Ircl. 
 
 Tlic liking or ilisliking of the people gives the 
 play the demmilnation of good or bad ; but ddes 
 not really m;ike or constitute it such. Diydt^n. 
 
 Philosophy, the great idol of the learned part 
 of the heathen world, has divided it into many 
 sects and denominations ; as Stoicks, Peripatelicks, 
 Epicureans, and the like. Smth. 
 
 All men are siimers : the most righteous among 
 us must confess ourselves to come under that de- 
 nominntion. Rogers 
 
 Den o'm i n ati ve. adj. [from denominate.] 
 
 1. That which gives a name ; that which 
 confers a distinct appellation. 
 
 2. That which obtains a distinct appella- 
 tion. This would be more analogically 
 denominable. 
 
 The least demnninative part of time is a minute, 
 the greatest integer being a year. Cocker's Arith. 
 
 Denominator, n.s. [from denominate.] 
 The giver of a name ; the person or thing 
 that causes an appellation. 
 
 Both the seas of one name should have one 
 common denominator. Broui.'s Vtitg. Err. 
 
 Denomin ATOR of a Fraction, is the num- 
 ber below the line, shewing the nature 
 and quality of the parts, which any inte- 
 ger is suppo-^ed to be divided into : thus 
 ill |, 8 the denominator shews you, that 
 the integer is supposed to be divided in- 
 to 8 parts, or half quarters ; and the nu- 
 merator (' shews, that you takeG of such 
 parts, I. f . three quarters of the whole. 
 
 Harri.t. 
 
 ^^'hen a single broken number or fraction hath 
 for its denominator \i number consisting of an iniit, 
 in the first place towards the left hand, and iio- 
 ihing but c\ pliers from the unit towards the riirht 
 hand, it is then more aptly and rightly calleil a 
 decimal fractirm. Cocker's .irithmeticks. 
 
 Venominotor of any proportion, is the quotient 
 arising from the division of the antecedent by the 
 consequent : thus 6 is the denominator of the pro- 
 portion that 30 hath to 5, because 5) SI (6. This 
 IS also called the exponent of the proportion, or 
 ratio. Harris. 
 
 Denotation. M..f. [denotalio,L.tit.] The 
 act of denoting. 
 
 To DENOTE, v.a. [denoto,La.t] Tomark ; 
 to be a sign of; to betoken ; to shew by 
 signs : as, a quick pulse denotes a fever. 
 
 To DENOUNCE, v.a. [denuncio, Lat. 
 dmoncer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To threaten by proclamation. 
 
 I dcimmce unto you tliis day, that ye shall sure- 
 ly perish. Dtnt. 
 
 D E X 
 
 He of their Micked wav» 
 Shall them aduioiiish, denouncing wratli tucomr 
 On their impi-nitencc. Mitton. 
 
 They impose their wild cunjecturrs for Uhs 
 upon others, and derwttnce war a^ain^i all tl^t re- 
 ceive them not. Dectiv vj Pitlii, 
 
 2. To threaten by some outward sign or 
 expression. 
 
 He ended frowning, and h's look denrntnc'd 
 Desperate revenge, and battle d.ingerous 
 To less than gods. Mitlnn. 
 
 'i'lie sea grew white ; the rolling waves from far 
 Like heralds, firitd;nonn''e the wat'rv war Drud. 
 
 3. To give information against; to delate; 
 to acctise publickly. 
 
 Areh'h'aeon« . ught to propose parts nf the \ew 
 Testament to he l-arued liy heart by inferior cler- 
 gymen, and denounce such* as are negligent. 
 
 jiijiil'e'f Hiirer^on. 
 
 Denouncement, n.s. [from denounce.] 
 The act of proclaiming any menace ; the 
 proclamation of intended evil ; denun- 
 ciation. 
 
 False is the reply of Cain upon the denouncement 
 of his curse, Aly iniquity is greater than can be 
 forgiven. Brmcn. 
 
 Denou'ncer. n.s. [from denounce.] One 
 that declares some menace. 
 
 Here co:iies the sad denouncer of my fate. 
 To toll the Hiournful knell of sefiaratiun Driven. 
 DENSE, adj. [densus, Liit.] Close; com- 
 pact ; approaching to solidity ; h;iving 
 small interstices between the constitue.it 
 particles. 
 
 The cause of cold is the density of the bndv ; 
 for all dense bodies are colder than most other bo- 
 dies, as metals, stone, glass ; and they are longer 
 in heating than softer bodies. lincon. 
 
 In the air the higher you go, the less it is com- 
 pressed, and consequently the I. ss rfe/t'C it is; and 
 so the upper part is exceedingly tliinuer than tlie 
 lower p;irt which we breathe. Locke. 
 
 To De'nshire. v. a. A barbarous term 
 
 of husbandry. 
 
 Bunting of land, or burn-baling, is common !j 
 called denshiring, that is, Dewnxhiring or Denbigh- 
 shiring, heciuse most used or first invented there. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 De'nsity. n.s. [densitas, Lat.] Closeness ; , 
 compactness ; close adhesion, or near ap- 
 proach, of parts. 
 
 While the densest of metals, gold, if foliated, :s 
 traiisnareiit, iiiid all metals become transparent if 
 dissolved in mrn>tniums, or vitriiied, the opacity 
 of w hite metals ariseth not from their dtiuilu alone. 
 
 Tfeiottm. 
 
 The air within the vessels I»eineof a less t/rimri/, 
 
 the (uitward air would press llieir sides together ; 
 
 and. being of a greater t/e/«i/_u, would expand theni 
 
 so as to ei.<langer the life of the animal. 
 
 Arhttth. on Aliments. 
 DK'NTAL. adj. [denfa!t\LAi.] 
 
 1. Helonginrj or relatin^r to the leeth. 
 
 2. [In frramtuar.] Pronounced principally 
 l)y tlie agenc}' of the teeth. 
 
 The Hebrews have as<.ij;hf:'d which letters are 
 labial, which t/t/iM/, and whicli unitural. B<ic**n. 
 
 The dentttl consonants are iw^y, thrrefure let 
 them ho m*\l ; first the labidl-rft/efri/i, as also the 
 liiii;ua-(/crt(j/5. Holder. 
 
 Dental, n.s. A small slioIUfi.-^h. 
 
 Two smallblack and shining ^liecps s cm, by 
 the shape, la have been farmed m ihe shell of a 
 dental. yWxiward, 
 
 DESTEIAJ. n.s. [It.al.] Modillons. 
 
 The modillions, or rfr«ff//i, iiK'ke a noble show 
 by gniceful projections. Syccia'.or,'So.-\\b. 
 
 Denticula'tion.jj.s. [r/r«/ir?;/a<M4,Lj»t.] 
 
 The state of being set with small teeth, 
 
 or prominencies resembling teetli, like 
 
 those of a saw. 
 
 405
 
 DEN 
 
 He omits the dcnticulatim of the edces of the 
 bill, f.r those smuil ohlique incisions made for the 
 better retention of the prey. Gi'ew's Museum. 
 
 Denticulated, ar/j. [denticuiatus,hnt.] 
 
 Set with small teeth. 
 De'ntifrice. 7i,s, [dens and frico,L,n.t.] 
 
 A jio-vvder made to scour the teeth. 
 
 K this grey powder :i good dentifrice ? B. Jons. 
 
 Tlie shells of all sorts of shell-iish, being burnt, 
 obtain acaustick nature : most of them, so ordered 
 and powdered, make excellent dejitifrices. 
 
 Grett-'s Museum. 
 
 To Denti'se. r. a, [dmtehr^ Fr.] To have 
 the teeth renewetl. Not in use. 
 
 The old countess of Desmond, who lived till 
 she was seven score, did dentise twice or thrice, 
 casting her old teeth, and others coming in their 
 place. Bacon. 
 
 Denti'tion. n.s. \dentUio,hQ,X,'] 
 
 1 . The act of breeding the teeth. 
 
 2. The time at which children's teeth are 
 bred. 
 
 ToDENU'DATE. v,a. [^ewwfZo, Lat.] To 
 divest ; to strip ; to lay naked. 
 
 Til! he ha'sdenndated himself of all incumbrances, 
 he is unqualified. Decay nJ'Fictii. 
 
 Denuda'tion. n. s. [from denu date,] 
 The act of stripping, or making naked. 
 
 7(jDenij'de. v. a, [denndo, Lat,] To 
 strip ; to make naked ; to divest. 
 
 Not a treaty can be obtained, unless we would 
 denude ourself of all force to defend us. CUiretidim. 
 
 If in summer-time you denude a vine-branch of 
 
 its leaves, tlie [trapes will never come to maturity. 
 
 Bay on the Creation. 
 
 The eye, with the skin of the eye-lid, is denu- 
 ded, to shew the muscle. Sharp's Surger u ■ 
 
 Denuncia'tion. n.s. [dennnciatio, Lat.] 
 The act of denouncing ; the proclama- 
 tion of a threat; apublick menace. 
 
 In <ide7iunciation or indiction of a war, the war 
 is nut confined to the place of the quarrel, but is 
 left at large. Bacon. 
 
 Christ tells the Jev.s, that, if the3' believe not, 
 the3' shall die in their sins; did they never read 
 those denunciations? M'ard. 
 
 IMidst uf these denunciatmis, and notwitlistand- 
 ing the warning before rae, I commit myself to 
 lasting durance. Congi'eve. 
 
 Denuncia'tor. n. s. [from denuncio^ 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. He that proclaims any threat, 
 
 2. He that lays an information against an- 
 other. 
 
 The denunciator does not make himself a party 
 in judgment as the accuser does. Ayiiffe's Farcrg. 
 
 To DENY'. V. a. [denier^ Fr. denego, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To contradict : opposed to affirm. 
 
 2. To contradict an accusation; not to 
 
 confess. 
 
 Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not ; for she was 
 afraid. Genesis. 
 
 3. To refuse ; not to grant. 
 
 My young boy 
 Hath an aspect of intercession, which 
 Great nature cries — deny not. Shakesp. 
 
 Ah, charming fair, said I, 
 How long can you my bliss and yours deny'Drifd. 
 
 4. To abnegate ; to disown. 
 
 It sliall be therefore a witness unto you, lest you 
 deny your God. Josh. xxiv. i7. 
 
 5. To renounce ; to disregard ; to treat as 
 foreign or not belonging to one. 
 
 The best sign and fruit of denying ourselves, is 
 mercy to others. Spratt. 
 
 \Vhen St. Paul says. If in this life onl3- we have 
 Lope in Ciirisl, we are of all men most miserable j 
 he considers Christians as denying themselves in 
 the pleasures of this world, for the sake of Chrisi . 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 D E P 
 
 To DEOBSTRU'CT. v. a. [</eofc/n/o,Lat.] 
 To clear from impediments ; to free from 
 such things as hinder a passage. 
 
 It is a singular good wound-herb, useful for dc- 
 obstructing the pores of the body. 
 
 ISLircs Antidote against Atheism. 
 
 Such as carry off the f;ccesand mucus, deohstmct 
 
 the mouth of the lacteals, soas tlioclivlemay liave 
 
 a free passagi^ into tlie blocjd. Arbi'ahnoto'n Diet. 
 
 De'obstruent. n.s. [(h'obstruens,\.at.] 
 A medicine that has tlic power to resolve 
 viscidities, or to open by any means the 
 animd passages. 
 
 All supcs are alienuating and deohstment, re- 
 solvii'.g viscid substances. A)buthnot on Aliments. 
 
 De'odand. n.s. [Deo daiidmn, Lat.] A 
 thing given or forfeited to God for the 
 pacifying liis wrath, in case of any mis- 
 fortime, by which any Christian comes 
 to a violent end, without the fault of any 
 reasonable creature ; as, if a horse should 
 strike his keeper, and so kill him ; if a 
 man, in driving a cart, and endeavouring 
 to rectify something about it, should fall 
 so as the cart-wheels, by running over 
 him, should press him to death ; if one 
 should be felling a tree, and giving 
 warning to company by, when the tree 
 was near falh'ng, to look to themselves, 
 and any of them should nevertheless be 
 slain by the fall of the tree ; in these 
 cases the horse, the cart wheel, cart and 
 horses, and the tree, are to be given to 
 God ; that i^, sold and distributed to the 
 poo.t, for an e,\piation of tliis dreadful 
 event, though occasioned by unreasona- 
 ble, senseless, and dead creatures : and 
 though this be given to God, yet it is 
 forfeited to the king by law, as e.xecutor 
 in this case, to see the price of these dis- 
 tributed to the poor. Cowell. 
 
 To DE0:PPILATE. v. a. [de and oppilo, 
 Lat.] To deobstruct ; to clear a passage ; 
 to free from obstructions. 
 
 Deoppila'TIOn. )i. s. [from deoppilate.] 
 The act of clearing obstructions ; the re- 
 moval of whatever obstructs the vital 
 passages. 
 
 Though the grosser parts he excluded again, yet 
 are the dissoluble jiarts extracted, whereby it he- 
 comes etfcctual in deiipp'Jdtions. Broun s Vulg.Ky. 
 
 Deo'ppilative. ac/j. [from deoppilate.] 
 Deobstruent. 
 
 A physician prescribed him a deoppilative and 
 
 purgative apozem. Harveu- 
 
 Deoscula'tion. n.s. [deosculcitio, Lat.] 
 
 The act of kissing. 
 We Imve an enumeratiun of the several acts of 
 
 ■worship required to be performed to images, viz. 
 
 processions, genufluxions, thurifications, and deos- 
 
 culations. StiUingJieet. 
 
 To Depa'int. v. a. [depeint, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To picture ; to describe by colours ; to 
 paint ; to shew by a painted resemblance. 
 
 He did unwilling worsliip to the saint 
 That on his shield depaiuted he did see. Spenser. 
 
 2. To describe. 
 
 Such ladies fair woura I depaint 
 In roundelay, or sonnet quaint. Gay. 
 
 To DEPART, v.n. [depart, Yr.] 
 I. To go away from a place : with from 
 before the thing left. 
 
 D E P 
 
 When the people rfe^jarted away, Susannah went 
 into her garden. _ Susan, vii. 
 
 He said unto him, go in peace ; so he dfjiarted 
 Jrom him a little way. 2 A'if?<r^, v. 19. 
 
 They departed quickly Jhim the scpvdcRre, with 
 fear and great joy, and did run to bring his dis- 
 ciples word. M,i(. xxviii. 
 
 He, which hath no stomach to this fight. 
 Let him dqiart ; his passport shall be made. Shak. 
 
 Barbarojsa, appeased with presents, departed 
 out of that bay. hnolles. 
 
 And cuuldst thou leave me, cruel, thus alone > 
 Not one kind kiss from a departing son ! 
 No look, no last adieu I Dryden. 
 
 2. To desist from a practice. 
 
 He cleaved unto the sins of Jcrohoara, he df- 
 parted not tlierefrom. 2 Kings, iii. 3. 
 
 3. To be lost ; to perish. 
 
 The good departed away, and the evil abode 
 slill- STsd. iii. 
 
 4. To desert ; to revolt ; to fall away ; to 
 apostatise. 
 
 In transgressing and lying ai'ainst the Lord, 
 and departing au-iy from our God. 7s(fju/i,lix. 13. 
 
 5. To desist from a resolution or opinion. 
 
 His majesty prevailed not with any of them to 
 depart from the most unreasonable of' all their de- 
 mands. _ Clarendon. 
 
 6. To die ; to dece-ise ; to leave the world. 
 
 As her soul was in departing ; for she died. 
 
 Gen. iii. 5, 18. 
 
 Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in 
 peace, according to thy word. Luke, xxix. 
 
 As you wish Christian peace to souls dqmrted. 
 Stand these poor people's friend. Shakesp. 
 
 To Depa'rt. v. a. To quit ; to leave; to 
 retire from. Not in use. 
 
 You've had dispatch in private by the consul ; 
 You are will'd by him this evening 
 To depart Rome. Beyi Jonson. 
 
 To Depa'rt. v. a. [partir, Fr. purtior, 
 Lat.] To divide ; to separate : a chy- 
 mical teriTi. 
 
 Depa'rt. n. s. [depart, Vx.] 
 
 1 . The act of going away : now depar- 
 ture. 
 
 I had in charge, at my depart from Fiance, 
 To marry princess Margaret. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Death. 
 
 When your brave father breath'd his latest gasp, 
 Tidings, as swiftly as the post could run. 
 Were brought rae of your loss and his depart. 
 
 Shakesp. Henri/ VI. 
 
 3. [With chymists.] An operation so 
 n.amed, because the particles of silver are 
 departed or divided from gold, or other 
 metal, when they were before melted to- 
 gether in the same mass, and could not 
 be separated any other way. Diet. 
 
 The chymists have a liquor called water of de- 
 part. Bacon . 
 
 Depa'rter. v. s. [from depart.] One 
 that refines metals by separation. 
 
 Depa'rtment. n. s. [deparlement, Fr.] 
 Separate allotment ; province or busi- 
 ness assigned to a particular person : a 
 French term. 
 
 The Roman fleets, during their command at 
 sea, had their several stations and departments: 
 the most considerable was the Alexandrian fleet, 
 and the second was the African. ArUuhnot, 
 
 Departure. 71. s. [{romdeparf,] 
 
 1. A going away. 
 
 For thee, fellow. 
 Who needs must know of her depajtnre, and 
 Dost seem so ignorant, we'll force it from thep 
 By a sharp torture. Shakesp. 
 
 What besides 
 Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair, 
 Our frailty' can sustain, thy tidings bring ; 
 Departure from this happy place. Mitton. 
 
 435
 
 D E P 
 
 They were seen not only all the while our Sa- 
 Timir was upon earlh, but survived alter hit de- 
 parture out of this world. Addis.m. 
 
 2. Death ; decease ; the act of leaving the 
 present state of existence. 
 
 H;ipi)y was their Rood prince in his timely de- 
 narfuje, which barred hini fruui the kno\vkd(;o of 
 llis son's miseries. . Siilneji. 
 
 3. Afoisakin^; an abandoning; wilhyro«i. 
 
 The fear of the Lord, and dtpartuii: Jroin ivil, 
 are phrases of like iinporlance. Tdlulum 
 
 Depa'scent. uilj. [dipacens, Lat.] Feed- 
 ing. 
 
 Tu Depa'sture. v. a. [from depascor, 
 Lat.] To eat up ; to consume by feed- 
 ing upon it. 
 
 They keep their cattle, and live themselves, in 
 bodies" pasturinj; "pon the mountains, and remov- 
 ino still to fresh land, as they have depastund the 
 fo?mer. Spemcr. 
 
 To Depau'perate. v. a. [depaiipnn, 
 Lat.] To make poor; to impoverish; 
 to consume. 
 
 Liiuiui; does not deimuperate ; the ground will 
 last loiii;", and bear large erain. Mortimer. 
 
 Great evacuations, which carry off the nutriti- 
 ous humours, depauperate the blood. Arbutlmot. 
 
 Depe'ctible. fltf/. [from depecto, Lat.] 
 Tough ; clammy ; tenacious ; capable 
 of being extended. 
 
 It may be also, tliat some bodies have a kind of 
 lentor, a"nd are of a more depectit/e nature than oil, 
 as we see it evident in coloration; fora small quan- 
 tity of saffron will tiiict more than a very great 
 quantity of brazil or w ine. Bacon. 
 
 To Uepe'inct. I', a. [dipeindre, Fr.] To 
 depaint ; to paint ; to describe in co- 
 lours. A word of Spenser. 
 
 The red rose mcdliod with the white y fere. 
 In either cheek depeinctcn lively here. Spenser. 
 
 To DEPEND, v.n. [dcpendeo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To hang from. 
 
 From the frozen beard 
 Long isicles depend, and crackling sounds are 
 heard. . Dri/den. 
 
 From gilded roofs depending lamps display 
 Nocturnal beams, that emulate the day. Vryden. 
 T'liere is a chain let down from Jove, 
 So strong, that from the lower end, 
 T"hev sav, all human things depend. Swift. 
 
 Thedireful monster was afar descried, 
 Two bleeding babes depending at her side. Pope. 
 
 2. To be in a state influenced by some 
 external cause ; to live subject to the 
 will of others : with upon. 
 
 We work by wit and not by witchcraft ; 
 And wit depends on dilatory time. Hhakcsp. 
 
 Never be without money, nor depend upon llie 
 curtesy of others, which may fail at a piucli. Bacon. 
 
 3. To be in a state of dependance ; to 
 retain to others. 
 
 Be then desir'd 
 Of fifty to disquantity your train ; 
 And the remainders, "that shall still (iepenrf. 
 To be such men as may besort your age, .SVin^csp. 
 
 4. To be connected with any thing, as 
 with its cause, or something previous. 
 
 The peace and ha[ipiness of a society depend on 
 the justice and fidelity, the temperance and cha- 
 rity", of it* members. liogers. 
 
 5. To be in suspense ; to be yet undeter- 
 mined. 
 
 By no means be you persuaded to interpose 
 yourself in any cause depending, or like to be de- 
 pending, in any court of justice. Bacon. 
 
 The judge corrupt, the long depending cause, 
 And doubtful issue of nnsccuistruod laws. Prior. 
 
 6. To depend upon. To rely on; to trust 
 to ; to rest upon with confidence ; to be 
 certain of. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D E P 
 
 He resolved iio more to depend upon the one, or 
 
 to provoke the other. CLneadon. 
 
 liut if vou'rc r'>ut:h, and use him like a dog, 
 Vcoeud upon it — he'll remain incog. Addistm, 
 
 1 am a stranger to your characters, further than 
 as ciiuimon fame reports them, which is not t<j he 
 depended upon. Su'ijt. 
 
 Dependance.) r,. • „,n 
 
 „ , > n. s. \iiom aepena.] 
 
 Dependancy. ( I- '^ ' 
 
 1. The state of hanging down from a sup- 
 porter. 
 •2. Something hanging upon another. 
 
 On a neig b'ring tiee descending light. 
 Like a large cluster of black grapes they show. 
 And make aUm^ dependance from the hough. Dryd, 
 ■i. Concatenation ; connexion ; relation of 
 one thing to another. 
 
 In all sorts of reasoning, the connexion and de- 
 
 vendaitce (tf ideas should be followed, till the mind 
 
 IS hn-ught to the source on which it bottniiis.Lncfce, 
 
 >. State of being at the disposal or under 
 
 the sovereignty of another : with upon. 
 
 Every moment we feel our dependance upon God, 
 
 and find that we can neither be happy without 
 
 him, nor think ourselves so. Tillotsim. 
 
 &. The things oi persons of which any man 
 
 has the dominion or disposal. 
 
 Never was there a pritice bereaved of his de- 
 peiutancies by his council, except where there lialh 
 been cither an over-greatness in one counsellor, 
 or an over-stiict combination in divers. Baco}i. 
 
 The second natural division of power, is of such 
 men who have acquired large possessions, and 
 consci]Meni\y dependencies ; or descend from an- 
 cestors who have left iheiii gieat inheritances. 5i(7ft. 
 
 6. Reliance ; trust ; confidence. 
 
 Their dependancies on him were drowned in 
 this conceit. Hooker. 
 
 They slept in peace by night. 
 Secure of bread, as of returning light ; 
 And with such firm dependance on the day. 
 That need grew pamper'd, and forgot to pray. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 7. Accident ; that of which the existence 
 presupposes the existence of something 
 else. 
 
 Modes 1 call such complex ideas, which, how- 
 ever compounded, contain nut in them the snppo- 
 sitiiin of subsisting by themselves, hut are consi- 
 dererl as dependancies on, or atfectiiuis of, sub- 
 stances ; such are the ideas signified by the words 
 triangle, gratitude, murder. Locke. 
 
 Dependant, adj. [from depend.] 
 
 1. Hanging down. 
 
 2. Relating to something previous. 
 
 3. In the power of another. 
 
 On Ginl, as the most high, all inferior causes in 
 the world are dependant. liiwker. 
 
 Depe'ndaN'I". n. s. [from depend.] One 
 who lives in subjection, or at the dis- 
 cretion of another ; a retainer. 
 
 A great abalement of kimliiess appears as well 
 in the general dt pendants, as in the duke himself 
 also, and your daughter. Sliakesp. 
 
 For a six-clerk a person recommended a de- 
 pendant upon hiui, who paid six thousand pounds 
 ready money. Clarendon. 
 
 His dependants shall quickly become his prose- 
 lytes. 5llM|/l. 
 
 Depe'ndence.) n. s. [from drpendo, 
 Depe'ndency. f Lat. This word, 
 with manv others of the same termina- 
 tion, arc indifferently written with nnce 
 or ence, ann/ or cnei/, as the author.* 
 intended to tlerive them from the Latin 
 or French.] 
 1. A thing or person at the disposal or dis- 
 cretion of another. 
 
 We invade the rights of our neighbours, not 
 upon account of covetousness, but of dominion, 
 that we may create dependencies. Collier on i'ride. 
 
 D E P 
 
 2. State of being subordinate, or subject in 
 some degree to the discretion of another j 
 the contrary to sovereignty. 
 
 Let me report to him 
 '^'our sweet dependencit, and you shall find 
 A con(|ueror that will pray in aid fur kindness, 
 Where he for grace is kneel'd to. Shakesp. 
 
 At their setting out they must havp tlieir coni« 
 mission, or letters patent, fioiii the king, that mj 
 they may acknowledge their depeiulency upon the 
 crown of England. Bacon. 
 
 3. 'I"hat which is not principal; that which 
 is subordinate. 
 
 We speak of the sublunary worlds, this earth. 
 and its dependencia,v,-h\cli rose out of a chaos about 
 six thousand years ago. Burnet's Thecry. 
 
 4. Concatenation; connexion; riseofcon- 
 sefjuents from j)reniises. 
 
 Her madness liaih the oddest frame of sense ; 
 Such a dependencu of thing on thing. 
 As ne^er I heard in madness. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Relation of any thing to another, as of 
 an effect to its cause. 
 
 I took pleasure to trace out the cause of eflfects, 
 and the dependence of one thing upon another in 
 the visible creation. Bui-net's Theory. 
 
 6. Trust; reliance; confidence. 
 
 The expectation of the performance of our 
 desire, is that we call dependence upon him for help 
 and assistance. Still-ngJIeet. 
 
 Depe'ndent. adj. [dependens, Lit. This, 
 as many other words of like termina- 
 tion are written with cnt or ant, as they 
 are supposed to flow from the Latin or 
 French] Hanging down. 
 
 In the time of Charles the Great, and long 
 since, the whole furs in ilic tails were dependent ; 
 hut now that fashion is left, and the spots only 
 worn, without the tails. Peacham. 
 
 Depe'ndent. n.s. [from dependens, Lat.] 
 One subordinate ; one at the discretion 
 or disposal of another. 
 
 We are indigent, defenceless beings ; the crea- 
 tures of his power, and the dependerCis of his pro- 
 vidence. Rogers. 
 
 Depe'ndek. n. s. [from depend,] A 
 dependent ; one that reposes on the 
 kindness or power of another. 
 
 What shalt thou expect. 
 To be dtpendcr on a thing that leans ? Shakesp. 
 
 Deperdi'tion. n, s. [from deptrditus, 
 Lat.] Loss ; destruction. 
 
 It may be unjust to place all efficacy of gold in 
 the non-omission of weights, or deperdition of any 
 ponderous particles. Brouit. 
 
 Dephlegma'pion. n.s. [from dephlescm.] 
 An operation which takes away from 
 tiie phlegm any spirituous fluid by re- 
 peated tlistillation, till it is at length 
 left all behind. Quinct/. 
 
 In divers cases it is not enough to separate the 
 aqueous parts by dephlegmation ; for some liquors 
 contain also an unsuspected quantity of small cor- 
 puscles, of somewhat an earthy nature, which. 
 King associated m ith the saline ones, do clog and 
 blunt them, and thereby weaken their activity. 
 
 Boule. 
 
 To DEPI 1 LE'G yi. \ V. a. [dephlegmo, 
 To DEPHLEGM.\TE. i low Lat.] To 
 
 clear from phlegm, or aqueous insipid 
 
 matter. 
 We have sometimes taken spirit of salt, and 
 
 carefully dcphlegmed it. Bov'e, 
 
 Dephlegmedness. n. S. [from il'i- 
 phies:m .] The quality of being freed from 
 
 phlegm or aqueous matter. 
 The proportion betwixt the coralline solution 
 
 and the spirit of wine, depends so much upon the 
 
 strength of the former liquor, and the dephlegmed- 
 
 3 S 
 
 497
 
 D E P 
 
 flP5S of Ihe latter, that it is scarce possible to de 
 termine siencrally and exactly what quantity of 
 each uutilit to he taken. Bintle 
 
 To Depi'ct.i'.o. [depingo,depiclum, Lat." 
 
 1. To paint ; to portray ; to represent in 
 colours. 
 
 1 he cowards of Lacedeinon depicted upon their 
 sliields tlie most terrible beasts they could imagine. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 2. To describe ; to represent an action to 
 the mind. 
 
 When tlie distractions of a tumult are sensihiy 
 depicted, every object and every occurrence are so 
 presented to your view, that wliile you read, you 
 seem indeed to see them. Feiton. 
 
 Depi'l.\tory. n. s. [de and pilus, Lat.] 
 An application used to take away hair. 
 
 De'pilous. adj. [de and pilus, Lat.] 
 Without liair. 
 
 This animal is a kind of lizard, or quadruped 
 corticated and dqnious ; that is, without wool, 
 furr, or hair. Brcivn. 
 
 Deplanta'tion. n. s. [dcplanfo, Lat.] 
 The act of taking plants up from the 
 bed. Diet. 
 
 Deple'tion. n.s. [depleo, depletus, Lat.] 
 The act of emptying. 
 
 Abstinence and a slender diet attenuates, be- 
 cause depiction of the vessels gives room to the 
 fluid to expand itself. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Deplo'rable. adj. [from deploro, Lat.] 
 
 !}. Lamentable ; that which demands or 
 causes lamentation ; dismal ; sad ; cala- 
 mitous ; miserable ; hopeless. 
 
 This was I he (/t'/j/ijrafo/c condition to which the 
 
 king was reduced. Clarendon. 
 
 Tne bill, of all weapons, gives the most ghastly 
 
 and deplorable wounds. Temple. 
 
 It w'ill he considered in how deplorable a state 
 
 learning lies in that kingdom. Swift. 
 
 2. It is sometimes, in a more lax and jo- 
 cular sense, used for conlemptible ; 
 despicable: as, (Lplorahle nonsense; 
 deplorable stupidity. 
 
 Deplo'rableness. n. s. [from deplora- 
 ble.^ The state of being deplorable ; 
 miseiy; hopelessness. Diet. 
 
 Deplo'rably. adv. [from deplorable.] 
 I/amentably ; miserably ; hopelessly : 
 often in a sense of contempt. 
 
 Notwithstanding all their talk of reastm and 
 philosophy, God know s, they are deplorably stran- 
 gers to tlieui South. 
 
 Deplo'rate. adj. [deploratus, Lat.] La- 
 mentable ; hopeless. 
 The case is then most rfe;)/»iro(f, when reward 
 
 goes over to the wrung sid^. L'E.itrange. 
 
 DePLOR.Vtion. II. s. [from deplore.] 
 
 The act of deploring, or of lamenting. 
 To DEPLOHE. #. a. [deploro, Lat.] To 
 
 lament; to bewail; tow;\il; to mourn; 
 
 to bemoan ; to express sorrow. 
 .But chaste Diana, who his death deplored, 
 
 With ylisculaiii.tn herhs his life restored. Dryden. 
 If Arcite thus rfe/j/'>re 
 
 His sufferings, yet Palemon siilfers more. Dryden. 
 Deplo'rer. n. s. [from deplore.] A 
 
 laiTienter; a mourner ; one that laments. 
 Depluma'tion. n. s. [deplnmatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Apluralng.or plucking off the featlicrs. 
 
 2. [In surgery.] A swelling of the eye- 
 lids, accompanied with the fall of the 
 hau's from the eyebrows. Phillips. 
 
 To DEPLUMK. v. a. [de and pluma, 
 Lat.] To strip of its feathers. 
 
 D E P 
 
 To DEPO'NE. r. a. [depono, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To lay down as a pledge or security. 
 
 2. To risque upon the success of an ad- 
 venture. 
 
 On this 1 would depone 
 As much, as any cause I've known. Hudibras. 
 Depo'nent. u. s. [from depono, Lat.] 
 
 1 . One that deposes his testimony in a court 
 of justice; an evidence; a witness. 
 
 2. [In grammar ] Such verbs as have no 
 active voice are called deponents, and 
 generally signify action only ; as, fat i or 
 I confess. Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 
 To DEPOPULATE, v. a. [depopulor, 
 Lat.] To unpeople; to lay waste; to 
 destroy inhabited houses. 
 
 Where is this viper, 
 That would depopulate the city, and 
 13e every man himself? Shahesp. 
 
 He turned his arms upon unarmed and unpro- 
 vided people, to spoil only and depojndate, con- 
 trary to the laws both of war and peace. 
 
 Baco7is Henry VII. 
 A land exhausted to the last remains. 
 Depopulated towns and driven plains. Dryden. 
 
 Grim death, iuiditferent shapes, 
 Depopulates the nations, thousands fall 
 His victiins. ' Philips. 
 
 Depopula'tion. n. s. [fvom depopulate.] 
 The actor uiijieopling; havock; waste; 
 destruction of mankind. 
 
 Huw didst thou grieve then, Adam ! to behold 
 The end of all thy oli'spring, end so sad. 
 Depopulation! I'liee another tluod. 
 Of tears and sorrow a flood, thee also drown'd. 
 And sunk thee as thy sons. Milton. 
 
 Remote thou hear st the dire effect of war. 
 Depopulation. Fhilips. 
 
 Depopula'tor. n. s. [from depopulate.] 
 A dispeopler ; a destroyer of mankind ; 
 a waster of inhabited countries. 
 
 To DEPORT. V. a. [deporter, Fr.] To 
 carry ; to demean ; to behave : it is used 
 only with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 Let an ambassador deport himself in the most 
 graceful manner before a prince. Pope. 
 
 Deport, n. s. [from the verb.] Demea- 
 nour ; grace of attitude ; behaviour ; 
 deportment. 
 
 She Delia's self 
 In gait surpass'd, and goddess-like (7epar(. Milton. 
 
 Of middle age one rising, eminent 
 In wise deport, spake nmch of right and wrong. 
 
 Mtlton. 
 
 Depoeta'tion. n. s. [dcporlalio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Transportation; exile into a remote 
 part of the dominion, with prohibition 
 to change the place of residence. 
 
 2. Exile in general. 
 
 An alijuration, which is a deportation for ever 
 into a foreign land, was anciently with us a civil 
 death. Ayliffe. 
 
 Depo'rtment. n. s. [deporiement, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Conduct ; management ; manner of 
 acting. 
 
 1 will but sweep the way with a few notes 
 touching the duke's own de;7(w(7Hf?itin that island. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 2. Demeanour; behaviour. 
 
 The coldness of his temper, and the gravity of 
 his deportment, carried him safe through many dif- 
 ficulties, and he lived and died in a great station. 
 
 To DEPO'SE. r. a. [depono, Lat.] 
 
 I. To lay down ; to lodge; to let fall. 
 
 Its sliorcs are neither advanced one jot further 
 into the sea, nor its surface raised by additional 
 
 D E P 
 
 mud fieposed upon it by the yearly inundations of 
 tlie Nile. JVoodward. 
 
 2. To degrade from a throne or high sta- 
 tion. 
 
 First, of the king: what shall of him become? 
 The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 May your sick fame still languish till it die j 
 Then, as the greatest cuisc that I can give, 
 Unpitied be depos'd, and after live. Dryden. 
 
 Deposed consuls, and captive princes, might 
 have preceded liim. Taller. 
 
 3. To take away; to divest; to strip of : 
 not in use. 
 
 Vou may ray glory and my state depose, 
 But not my griefs ; still am 1 king of tlioso. Shah. 
 
 4. To give testimony ; to attest. 
 
 'Twas he tliat made you to depose ; 
 Your oath, my lord, is vain and fnvulous. Shahesp. 
 It was usual for liini that dwelt in Southwark, 
 or Tothill-street, to depose the yearly rent or valu- 
 ation <jf lands lying in the north, or other remote 
 part of the rcahn. Bacon. 
 
 5. To examine any one on his oath. Not 
 now in use. 
 
 According to our law, 
 Depose him in the justice of his cause. Shahesp. 
 To Depo'se. v. n. To bear witness. 
 
 Luve straight stood up and deposed, a lye could 
 ntit come from the mouth of Zelmane. Sidrtey. 
 
 Depo'sitary. n, s, [depositarius, Lat.] 
 One with whom any thing is lodged in 
 trust. 
 
 I gave you all. 
 — l\Inde you my guardians, my depositaries ; 
 But kept a reservatioti, to be foMow'd 
 With such a number. Shahcap. 
 
 To DEPO'SITE. V. a. [dcposiium, Lat.] 
 
 L To lay up ; to lodge in any place. 
 
 Tlie eagle got leave here to deposite iicr eggs. 
 
 W-flrunge. 
 
 Dryden wants a poor square foot of sluue, to 
 shew where the ashes of one of the grc^itest poets 
 oji earth are dq>06:ted. Garth, 
 
 When vessels were open, and the insects had free 
 access to the aliment within thcin, Redi diligcnily 
 observed, that no other species were produced, but 
 of such as he saw go in and feed, and dcpoiite their 
 eggs theie, which they would readily do in n\l 
 putrefaction. Bentley. 
 
 2. To lay up as a pledge, or security, 
 
 3. To place at interest. 
 
 God commands us to return, as to him, to the 
 poor, his gifts, out of mere dutv and thankfuhiess ; 
 not to deposite them with him. In hopes of meriting 
 by them. Spratt. 
 
 4. To lay aside. 
 
 The difficulty will be to persuade the depositing 
 of those lusts, which have, by I know not what 
 fascination, so endeared t\iemsc\ves. Decay of Pii'li/- 
 
 Deposite. n. s. [depositum, Lat.] 
 L Any thing committed to the trust and 
 care of another. 
 
 2. A pledge ; a pawn ; a thing given as a 
 security, 
 
 3. The state of a thing pawned or 
 pledged, 
 
 Tiiey had since Marseilles, and fairly left it: 
 tliey hud (he other day the Valtoline, and now 
 have put it in deposite. Baccn, 
 
 Deposition, n, s. [from depositio, Lat.] 
 
 1, The act of giving publick testimony. 
 
 If you will examine the veracity of the fathers 
 by those circumstances usually considered inrityo- 
 dtionSy you will find them strong on tttcir side. 
 
 Sir K. Dighy. 
 
 A witness is obliged to swear, olherw ise hi^ W#- 
 positiim is not valid. AitUt^e's Parei'fiOJi, 
 
 2. The act of degrading a prince from 
 sovereignty. 
 
 i98
 
 D E P 
 
 8. [In canon law ] Deposition properly 
 signifies a solemn depriving of a man of 
 his clerical orders. Ai/liffe's Purcr^on. 
 
 Depo SITORY. n. s. [from dtposile.] Tlie 
 place wlicre any thing- is lodged. Dqjo- 
 sifari/ is properly u-^ed of persons, and 
 depository of places ; but in the foUovv- 
 i\\^ example they are confounded. 
 
 ihe Jews llieinsclves are the ilqmsitorks of all 
 llie prophecies which lend to iheir owiicojifusiuii. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Deprava'tion. n. s [diprrivalid, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of making any thing bad; the 
 act of corrupting ; corruption. 
 
 The three forms of goveniment have their seve- 
 ral perfections, and are subject to their several 
 dejyruvatious : liowever, few s(ates are ruined by 
 defect in their institutions, but generally by cor- 
 ruption of ni.tnncrs. SunJ't. 
 
 2. 'I'he state of being made bad; degene- 
 racy ; depravity. 
 
 We have a catalogie of the blackest sins that 
 human nature, in its liighest deprauaeioK, is capa- 
 ble of committing. South. 
 
 3. Defamation; censure: a sense not now 
 in use. 
 
 Stubborn criticks are apt, without a theme 
 For dtpravalitin, to square all the sex. Shukesp. 
 
 To DHPRAAE. V. a, [dipravo, Lat.] To 
 vitiate ; to corrupt ; to contaminate. 
 
 We admire the providence of God in the conti- 
 nuance of 5Crij)ture, noiu'illistanding the endea- 
 vours of infidels to abolish, and the fraudulence of 
 hcreticks to deprave, the same. Hooker. 
 
 Who lives tliat 's not depraved, or depraves? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But from me what can proceed 
 But all corrupt, both mind and will deprav'd ? 
 
 Milton. 
 A taste which plenty does deprare, 
 Loaths lawful good, and lawless ill does crave. 
 
 Driiden. 
 Depra'vedness. n. s. [from deprave.] 
 Corruption ; taint ; contamination ; vi- 
 tiated state. 
 
 ^^'hat sins do you mean? Our original devraved- 
 ncss, and pronen'ess of our eternal part to all evil. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Depra'vement. n. s. [from deprave.] A 
 vitiated state; corruption. 
 
 He m.'iketh men believe, that apparitions are 
 either deceptions of sight, or melancholy denrave- 
 ments of fancy. Brown. 
 
 Depra'vek. n. s. [from deprave.] A 
 corrupter ; he that causes depravity. 
 
 Depra'vity. n. s. [from deprave] Cor- 
 ruption : a vitiated state. 
 
 To DEPRECATE, v. a. 
 
 1. To beg off; to pray deliverance from ; 
 to avert by prayer. 
 
 In rfe/>recafi7i^ of evil, we make an humble ac- 
 knowledgment oi guilt, and of God's Justice in 
 chastising, as weU us clemency in sparing, the 
 guilty. Grew. 
 
 Poverty indeed, in all its degrees, men are easily 
 persuaded to deprecate from themselves. Rogers. 
 
 The juds£ments which we would deprecate are 
 not removed. _ Smutridge. 
 
 The Italian entered tliem In his prayer: amongst 
 the three evils he petitioned to be delivered froiu, 
 he might have deprecated greater evils. 
 
 Bakers Rejiections on Learning:;. 
 
 2. To implore mercy of: this is not 
 proper. 
 
 .\t length he sets 
 T'hose darts, whose points make gods adore 
 His might, and deprecate his power. Pru>r. 
 
 Deprecation, n.s. [deprecatio, Lat.] 
 1, Prayer against evil. 
 
 D E P 
 
 I, with leave of speech iinplor'd, 
 Aiid huinhle dcyu cation, thus replied. "Milton. 
 
 SUTiuitatioii Ihey generallv conceived to be a 
 pood sit^n, ura had one ; and so, upon (his motion, 
 they cornrnorily ""^ed a gratulalion for the or;e, 
 and a deprecation for the olfier. Brount. 
 
 2. Intreaty ; petitioning. 
 
 3. An excusing; a beggin« pardon for. 
 
 De'precative. 7 adj. [from deprccaff.] 
 De'precatory. \ I hat serves to de- 
 precate ; apoloi;etick ; tending to avert 
 evil by supplication. 
 
 Bishop Fox umU^rsIanding tliat the Scottish king 
 was itill discontent, being troubled that the occa- 
 sion of breaking of the truce should grow from his 
 men, s^'nt many humble and deprecatory letters to 
 the Scottish king to appease him. Bacon. 
 
 Dkpreca'tor. 71. s. [dcpncator, Lat.] 
 
 One that averts evil by petition. 
 To DEPRECIATE, v. a, [depretiare, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To bring a thing down to a lower price. 
 
 2. To undervalue. 
 
 'Jhey presumed upon that mercj, which, in all 
 their conversations, they endeavour to deyreciote 
 and misrepresent. Addison. 
 
 As there are none more ambitious of fame, than 
 those who are coiners in poetry*, it is very natural 
 for such as have not succeeded in it to dfprccm/e the 
 works of those who have. Spectator, 
 
 To DEPREDATE, v. ff. [depr^darh 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To rob; to pillage. 
 
 2. To spoil ; to devour. 
 
 It maketh the substance of the body more solid 
 and com})act, and so less apt to be consumed and 
 depredated by the spirits. Bacon. 
 
 Depredation, n. s. [deprcedatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A robbing ; a spoiling. 
 
 Comuiissioners were appointed to determine all 
 matters of piracy and (/^rtiiufwfLS between the sub- 
 jects of both kingdoms. Ha{}uard. 
 
 The land had never been before so free from 
 robberies and depredations a^ through his reiijn. 
 
 IVotton. 
 
 Were there not one who bad said, Hitherto 
 shall thou come, and no fartlier ; we miglit «ell 
 expect such vicissitudes, such clasliing in nature, 
 and such depredations and changes of sea and land. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 2, Voracity ; waste. 
 
 The speedy depredation of air upon watry mois- 
 ture, and version of the same into air, appeareth 
 in nolliing more visible than in the sudden dis- 
 charge or vanishing of a little cloud of breath, or 
 vapour, from glass, or the blade of a sword, or any 
 such polished body. Bacon. 
 
 Depredator, n.s. [depv<edator, Lat.] 
 A robber ; a devourer. 
 
 It is repf'Tted. that the shrub called our Lady's 
 Sea!, which is a kind of brionv, and colcworts, set 
 near together, one or both wr'll <lie : the cause is, 
 for that they he both groat dtpirdators of the earth, 
 and one of ihem starveth the other. Bacon, 
 
 We have three that collect the experiments, 
 whicli are in all books ; these we call depredators. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To DEPREIIE'ND. v. a. \deprehendo, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To catch one; to take unawares; to 
 take in the fact. 
 
 That wretchi'd creature, being deprehtnded in 
 ihat impiety, was held in ward. Hivkcr. 
 
 Who cm" believe men upon their own authority, 
 that are once deprekendeU iii so gross and im^dous 
 an imposture ? More. 
 
 2. To discover ; to find out a thing ; 
 to come to the knowledge or understand- 
 ing of. 
 
 D E P 
 
 The motions of the minute paris <-f liodie^, 
 which do so ereat effects, are invi>ib!p, ani incur 
 not to I he e^e ; but yet tlie^- are to l/e dtprehmded 
 Ijj expeience. Vucon. 
 
 Depre'iiensible. adj. [from drprthend.] 
 
 1 . 'Ihat may be caught. 
 
 2. That may be apprehended, or disco- 
 vered. Did. 
 
 Deprehe'nsibleness. n. s. 
 
 1. Capableness of beinfj caught. 
 
 2. Intelligibleness ; easiness to be under- 
 stood. 
 
 Deprehe'nsion. n.s. [deprehinaio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A catching or taking unawares. 
 
 2. A discovery. 
 
 To DEPRE'SS. r. a. [from depressus, of 
 depriino, Lat.] 
 
 1. To press or thrust down. 
 
 2. To let fall ; to let down. 
 
 The sajue tiling 1 have tried by letting a globe 
 rest, and raisitnxor depressing tlic eye, or otherwise 
 moving it, to make the angle of a just magnitude. 
 
 Ketrttm. 
 
 3. To humble ; to deject ; to sink. 
 
 Others depress iheir own minds, despond at the 
 first diliiculty, and conclude that the makiiiL' any 
 progress in itnowledgc is above their capaciiics.' 
 
 Jxiche. 
 
 If we consider how often it breaks the gloom, 
 which is apt to depress the mind, with transient un- 
 expected gleams of joy, one would take care not to 
 grow too wise for si) great a pleasure of life. Addis. 
 Passion can depress or raise 
 
 The heavenly, as the human mind. Prior, 
 
 Depre'ssion. n. s. [dtpressio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of pressing down. 
 
 Bricks of a rectangular form, if laid one by ano- 
 er in a level row between supporters sustaining 
 the twoenils.al! the pieces between will necessarily 
 sink bv their own gravity ; ar.d nnich more, if 
 they siitfer any depression by other weight nbow 
 them. H'.iit'm. 
 
 2. The sinking or falling in of a surface. 
 The beam* of light are such subtile bodies, that, 
 
 in respect of them, even surfaces, that are sensibly 
 smooth, arc not exactly so : they have their own 
 degree of roughness, consisting of little protube- 
 rances and depres.siont; and consequently such ine- 
 qualities may suffice to give bodies diderent co- 
 lours, as we see in marble that appears white or 
 black, or red, or blue, even when most carefully 
 polished. Bovle. 
 
 If the hone be much depressed, and the fissure 
 considcrahlv large, it is then at your choice, whe- 
 ther you will enlarge that fissure, or continue it fur 
 the evacuation of tlie matter, and forbear the use 
 of the trepan ; not doubling but a small depression 
 of the bone will either rise, or cast off, bv the be- 
 nefit of nature. M tscmon. 
 :i. The act "f humbling ; abasement. 
 
 Depre.mon of tlie nobility may make a kine more 
 absolute, hut less safe. Tiacon. 
 
 DepreS-SION of an Equation [in algebra] 
 is the bringing it into lower and more 
 simple terms by division. Diet. 
 
 Depression of a .^/H;-[with astronomers] 
 is the distance of a star from the horizon 
 below, and is measured by tile arch of 
 tlie vertical circle or azimuth, passing 
 through the star, intercepted between 
 the star and the horizon. Did. 
 
 Depressor, n.s. [depressor, Lat.] 
 
 1 . He that keeps or presses down. 
 
 2. .An oppressor. 
 
 Depre'ssor. [In anatomy.] A term 
 gi\en to several muscles of the body, 
 whose action is to depress the parts to 
 
 which tliev adhere. 
 
 499
 
 D E P 
 
 De'priment. adj. [from deprimens, of 
 deprimn, Lat ] An epithet applied to 
 one of the straight muscles that move 
 the globe or ball of the eye, its use being 
 to pull it downwards. 
 
 I'lie exquisite eqnililiralion of all np|iositc and 
 antagonist muscles i^elRcted parllv 1>V llic natural 
 posture of the bndy and the eve, which is the case 
 .of the attollent anci depriment nniscles. Derhum. 
 
 Depriva'tion. n. s. [from de and pri- 
 vatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of depriving, or taking away 
 from. 
 
 2. The state of losing. 
 
 Fools whose end is destruction, and eternal tie- 
 privation of being. Bentlty. 
 Depriv.'Vtion [inlaw] is when a clergy- 
 man, as a bishop, parson, vicar or pre 
 bend, is deprived, or deposed from his 
 preferment, for any matter in factor law. 
 
 Phi/lips 
 To DEPRIVE. V. a. [from de and jirivn, 
 Lat.J 
 
 1. To bereave one of a thing; to take it 
 away from him : with of. 
 
 God hath licpriied hrr i/ wisdom, neither liath 
 he imparted to her undcrslandi[ig. Job, xxxix. 17, 
 
 He lamented the loss of an excellent servant, 
 and the horrid manner in which he had been de- 
 prived of Wim. Clarendon. 
 
 Now wretched Oedipus, deprived i/ sight, 
 Led a long death in everlasting night. Pope. 
 
 2. To hinder; to debar from: Milton 
 uses it without of. 
 
 From his face I shall be hid, depriv'd 
 His blessed countenance. ]\Iitton. 
 
 The ghosts rejected, are th' unhajipy crew 
 Depriv'd o/' sepulchres and fun'ral due. Dryden. 
 
 3. To release ; to free from. 
 
 I\rost happy he, 
 Whose least delii;ht sufliceih to deprive 
 Remembrance <i/ all [lains which him opprest.Speii. 
 
 4. To put out of an office. 
 
 A minister, deprived for inconformlty, said, that 
 if the\ dqn-ived him, it should cost an hinidred 
 men's lives. Bacon, 
 
 Depth, n. s. [from deep, of diep, Dut.] 
 
 1. Deepness ; the measure of any thing 
 from the surface downwards. 
 
 As for men, they hail buildings in many places 
 higlier than the depth of the water. tiacm. 
 
 We have large and deep caves of several .iepths: 
 the deepest arc sunk six hundred fathoms. Bacon. 
 
 The left to that nnhajjpy region lends. 
 Which to the dejilh of Tartarus dcscentls. Drqd. 
 For tho', in nature, depth and height 
 
 Are equally held infinite ; 
 
 In poetry the height we know, 
 
 'lis only infinite below. Swift. 
 
 2. Deep place ; not a shoal. 
 
 The false tides skim o'er the cover'd land. 
 And seamen witli dissembled depth.-; betiay. Drijd. 
 
 3. The abyss; a gulph of infinite profun- 
 dity. 
 
 When he prepared the heavens I was there, 
 when he *et a compass upon the face of the depth. 
 
 Prov. viii. i;7. 
 
 4. The middle or height of a season. 
 
 And in the deptlt of winter, in the night, 
 You ploULih the raging seas to coasts unknown. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 The earl of Newcastle, in (\ic depth of winter, 
 rescued the city of York from the rebels. Ctarend. 
 
 5. .\bstruseness ; obscurity. 
 
 There are greater depths and obscurities in an 
 elaborate and well-written piece (»f lutnsensc, than 
 in the most abstruse tract of school rlivinity. 
 
 Addison's Whio^ Esajniner, 
 
 Depth of a Squadron or liatlaliun, is ihe 
 
 nuiiiberof men in ihe file. Military Diet. 
 
 D E P 
 
 To DETTHEN. i.. a. [diepen, Dut.] To 
 deepen, or make deeper. Diet. 
 
 roDEPUCELATE. v.a.[depiieeler,Fr.] To 
 deflour; to bereave of virginity. Diet. 
 
 Depulsion. n. s. [dcpuh'io, Lat.] A 
 beating or thrusting away. 
 
 Depu'lsory. adj. [from dcpuhus, Lat.] 
 Putting away ; averting. Diet. 
 
 To DEP^URAI E. V. a. [depurer, Fr. from 
 diptiriro, Lat.] To purify ; to cleanse; 
 to free any thing from its impurities. 
 
 Chcmiitry enabling us to depurate bodies, and 
 in some measure to anallze them, and lake asunder 
 their heleiogeneous parts, in many chemical expe- 
 riments we"inay, heller than in others, know what 
 manner of bodies we employ. Boyle. 
 
 Depurate. «r//. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Cleansed; freed from dregs and impu- 
 rities. 
 
 2. Pure ; not conlaminated. 
 
 Neither can an\ boast a knowledge rfe/mrafe from 
 the defilement of a contrary, within this atmos- 
 phere of llesh. Gtunville. 
 
 Depuration, n. s. [depuratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of separating the pure from the 
 impure part of any thing. 
 
 Brimstone is a mineral body, of fat and inflam- 
 mable parts; and this is either used crude, and 
 called sulphur vire ; or is of a sadder colour, and, 
 after depuration, such as we have in magdeleons, 
 or rolls of a lighter yellow. Proun'i Vulg. Errours. 
 
 What hath beenhitherto discoursed, inclines us 
 to look upon the ventilation and depuration of the 
 blood as one of the principal and constaiU uses of 
 respiration. Boyle. 
 
 2. The cleansing of a wound from its 
 matter. 
 
 Tu Depu're. v. a. [depurer, Fr.] 
 
 J. To cleanse; to free from impurities. 
 
 2. To purge ; to free from some noxious 
 
 quality. 
 
 It produced plants of such imperfection and 
 harmful quality, as the waters of the general flood 
 could not so w ash out or depure, but that the same 
 defection hath had continuance in the very eene- 
 ration and nature of mankind. Raleigh. 
 
 Deputa'tion. n. s. [deputation, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of deputing, or sending away 
 with a special commission. 
 
 2. Vicegerency ; the possession of any 
 commission given. 
 
 Cut me off the heads 
 Of all the fav'rites that the absent king 
 In deputation left behind him here. 
 When he was personal in the Irish war. Shake&p. 
 
 He looks not below the moon, but hath de- 
 signed the regiment of sublunary affairs into sub- 
 lunary deputations. Brown. 
 
 The authorityof conscience stands founded upon 
 its vicegerency and deputation under God. South. 
 
 To DEPUTE V. a. [deputer, Fr.] To send 
 with a special commission ; to impower 
 one to transact instead of another. 
 
 And Absalom said unto him. See thy matters 
 are good and right, but there is no man 'deputed of 
 the kins to hear. 2 Sam. 
 
 AndXinus thus, deputed by the rest, 
 The heroes welcome and their thanks express'd. 
 
 Itoscommcn. 
 A bishop, by deputing a ])riest or chaplain load- 
 minister the sacraments, may remove him. 
 
 Ayli[je's Parergon. 
 
 De'puty. n. s. [depute, Fr. from depu- 
 ttitus, Lat.] 
 
 \. A lieutenant ; a viceroy; one that i$ 
 appointed by a special commission to 
 govern or act instead of another. 
 
 D E R 
 
 He exerciseth dominion over them as the vice- 
 gerent and depuir/ of Almighty God. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind, 
 
 He was vouched his innnediaie deputy upon 
 earth, and viceroy of the creation, and lord lieu- 
 tenant of the world. South. 
 
 2. Any one that transacts business for an- 
 other. 
 
 Presbyters, absent through infirmity from their 
 churches, might he said to preach by those deputies, 
 who, in their stead, did but read homilies. Hooker. 
 
 A man hath a body, and that body is confined 
 to a place ; but where friendship is, all offices of 
 life are, as it were, granted to him and h'ls deputy ; 
 for he may exercise them by his friend. Bacon. 
 
 3. [Inlaw.] One that exercises any office 
 or other thing in another man's right, 
 whose forfeiture or misdemeanour shall 
 cause the officer or person for whom he 
 acts to lose his office. Phillips. 
 
 To Dequa'ntitate. v. a. [from de and 
 giiatilitas, Lat.] To diminish the quan- 
 tity of. 
 
 'I'his we affirm of pure gold ; for that which is 
 current, and passeth in stamp amongst us, by 
 reason of its allay, which is a projjortion of silver 
 or copper mixed therewith, is actually dequanti- 
 tated by lire, and possibly by frequent extinction. 
 Brown s ^'ulg. Krrours. 
 
 Der. a term used in the beginning of 
 naines of places. It is generally to be 
 derived from beop a wild beast, unless 
 the place stands upon a river ; tor then 
 it may rather be fetched from the British 
 dur. i. e. water. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 To DeRA'cinATE. v. a. [deraeiner, Fr.] 
 
 1. To pluck or tear up by the roots. 
 Her fallow lees 
 
 The darnel, hemlock, and rank fu<nitory 
 Doth root upon ; while that the culter rusts 
 That should deracinate such savagery. Shakerp. 
 
 2. To abolish ; to destroy ; to extirpate. 
 To DERA'IGN. 1 V. a. [disralionare, or 
 To DERA'IN. / dirafionare, Lat.] 
 \. To prove; to justify. 
 
 When the parson of any church is disturbed to 
 demand tythes in the next parish by a writ of indi- 
 cavit, the" patron shall have a writ to demand the 
 advowson of the tythes being in demand : and 
 when it is deraigned, then shall the plea pass in 
 the court christian, as far forth as it is deraigned in 
 the king's court. Blount. 
 
 2. To disorder; to turn out of course. Diet. 
 Der A'lGNMENT. i ^^ ^ ^^^^ deraign.] 
 Derainment. j '■ . 
 
 1. The act of deraigning or proving. 
 
 2. A disordering or turning out of course. 
 
 3. A discharge of profession; a departure 
 
 out of religion. 
 
 In some places the substantive deraignment is 
 used in the very literal signification with the 
 French d'lsrayer, or desranger ; that is, turning out 
 of course, displacing or setting out of order ; as, 
 deraignment or departure out of religion, and de- 
 raignment or discharge of their profession, which 
 is fjtoken of those religious men who forsook their 
 orders and professions. Blount. 
 
 Dera'y. 71. s. [from desrayer, Fr. to turn 
 out of the right way.] 
 
 1. Tumult; disorder; noise. 
 
 2. Merriment; jollity; solemnity: not in 
 use. Douglass. 
 
 To Dere. v. a. [bepian, Sax.] To hurt. 
 Obsolete. Some think that in the ex- 
 ample it means daring. 
 
 So from immortal race he does proceed. 
 That mortal hands may not withstand his might ; 
 
 Dred for his derring doe, and bloody deed ; 
 For all in blood and spoil is his delight. F. Queen. 
 
 600
 
 D E R 
 
 Dereli'ction. 71, s. [derelicdOy Lat. 
 
 1. The act of forsaking or leaving ; aban- 
 donment, 
 
 2. The state of being forsaken. 
 
 There is luj other tiling to he looked for, but the 
 eflfects of God's most just displtaaure, the wiih- 
 drawiiip of grace, derenction in this world, and in 
 the world to come cuiifusion. Hooker. 
 
 De'relicts. n.s, pi. [In law.] Goods 
 wilfully thrown away, or relinquished, 
 by the owner. Diet. 
 
 To DERIDE, i;. a, [derideo, Lat,] To 
 laugh at ; to mock ; to turn to ridicule ; 
 to scorn. 
 
 Before such presence to olTcnd with any the 
 least unseemliness, wf wi.uht be surely as loth as 
 they who mosl reprehend or deride wliut we do. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 What shall be the portion of those who have 
 derided God's word, and made a mock of every 
 thing that is sacred and religious ? Tillotsm]. 
 
 Tiiese sons, ye gods, who with flagitious pride 
 Insult my darkness, and my groans deride. Vope. 
 
 Some, that adore Newton for his fluxions, de- 
 ride liim for his religion. Bei-kleii. 
 
 Deri'der. n. s. [from the verb ] 
 
 1. A mocker; a scoffer. 
 
 Upon the wilful violation of oaths, execrable 
 blasphemies, and like contempts otfered by deri- 
 rierj of religion, fearful tokens of divine revenge 
 have been Known to follow. Hooker. 
 
 2. A droll ; a buffoon. 
 Deri'sion. n. s. [derisiOf Lat.] 
 1, The act of deriding or laughing at. 
 
 Are we grieved with the scorn and derision of 
 the profane ? Thus was the blessed Jesus despised 
 
 and rejecied of men. 
 
 H^ 
 
 o^eri 
 
 Vanity is tlie natural weakness of an ambitious 
 man, wHich ex()oses him to the secret scorn and 
 derision of those he converses with. Addison. 
 
 2. Contempt ; scorn ; a laughing-stock. 
 1 am in derision daily ; every one mocketh me. 
 
 Jer. XX. 7. 
 
 Thou makest us a reprnacb to our neighbours, 
 
 a scorn and a t/erisum to them that are round about 
 
 us. Psalm xliv. 13. 
 
 Ensnar'd, assaulted, overcome ; led bound, 
 Tliy foes derision, captive, poor, and blind, 
 Into a dungeon tiirust. ' Milton. 
 
 Deri'sive. adj. [from deride.] Mock- 
 ing; scoffing. 
 
 O'er all the dome they quaff, they feast ; 
 Derisive taunts were spread from guest to guest, 
 And each in jovial mood liis mate address d. Pojie. 
 
 jyERl'soRY. adj. [dtrisorius, Lat.] Mock- 
 ing ; ridiculing. 
 
 Deri'vable. adj, [from rfmwe.] Attain- 
 able by right of descent or derivation. 
 
 God has declared this tlie eternal rule and 
 standard of all honour derivable upon me, that 
 those who honour him shall be honoured by liini. 
 
 South. 
 
 Deriva'tion. w. s. [derivat 10, Lat.] 
 J. A (h-aining of water; a turning of its 
 course. 
 
 When tlie water began to swell, it would every 
 way disciittri:e itself by any descents or declivities 
 of the iiruund ; and these issues and derivations 
 being once made, and supplied with new waters 
 pushing them foruards, would continue their 
 course till they arrived at the sea, just as other 
 rivers do. Burnet. 
 
 2. [in grammar.] The tracing of a word 
 from its original. 
 
 Your lordship here srciiis to dislike my taking 
 notice tliat the derivntion of the word Substance 
 favours the idea we have of it ; and your lordship 
 tells me, that very little weight is to be laid on 
 it, on a bare grammatical etymology. Locke. 
 
 3. The transmission of any thing from its 
 source. 
 
 D E R 
 
 As touching traditioiiHl cimimunication, ati'l 
 tradition of Ihosi' Irulhs lliat I call coritialural ami 
 engraven, I do n.il doubt but nian^ of iIjomc 
 truths have liad the lielp of that ricrivation. 
 
 link's Origin of Manhind. 
 
 4. [In medicine.] 'I'lie diMwiiig ot'a Iju- 
 motir from one part of the body to 
 another. 
 
 Derivatinn differs from revnlsirui only in the 
 measure of the distance, and the force of the me- 
 dicines used ; if we draw it to sfmie very remote, 
 or, it nia^ he, ciuitrary part, «e call lliat revul- 
 sion ; if only to sonic neit;hhouriiig place, and by 
 gentle means, we call it (leriuiUiim. iVueinaii. 
 
 5. The thing deduced or derived: notuseti. 
 
 Most of them are llie genuine deritalii'ns of the 
 hypothesis they claim to. GiuniiUe. 
 
 Derivative, adj. [dtrivalivus, Lat.] 
 Derived or taken from another. 
 
 As it is a derivative perfection, so it is a distinct 
 kind of perfcctioa from that which is in God. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Deri'vative. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 The thing or word derived or taken 
 from another. 
 
 For honour, 
 *Tis a derivative from me to mine, 
 And only that I stand for. Shakesp. 
 
 The word Honestus originally and strictly sig- 
 nifies no more than creditable, and is but a deri- 
 vative from Honor, which' signifies credit or ho- 
 nour- South. 
 
 Derivatively, adv. [from derivative.] 
 In a derivative manner. 
 
 To DERIVE. V. a. [deriver, Fr. from 
 derivo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To turn the course of water from its 
 channel. 
 
 Company lessens the shame of vice by sharing 
 it, and abat, s the torrent of a common odium bC 
 derrving it into many channels. Soulfi. 
 
 2. To deduce; as from a root, from a 
 cause, from a principaL 
 
 They endeavour to dtrire the varieties of co- 
 lours i'rum the various proportion of the direct 
 progress or motion of these globules to their cir 
 cumvolution, or motion about their own centre. 
 
 BovU: 
 
 Men derive tlieir ideas of duration from their 
 reflection on the train of ideas they observe to 
 succeed one another in their own understandings. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 From these two causes of the laxity and rigidity 
 of the fibres, the meihodists, an ancient set ol phy- 
 sicians, derived all diseases of hiiiuan bodies wi'th 
 a great deal of reason; for the fluids derive llieir 
 qualities from the solids. Artncthnot. 
 
 3. To communicate to another, as from 
 the origin and source. 
 
 Christ having Adam's nature as we have, but 
 incorrupt, riciiir(/i not liature, but incurrnptioii, 
 and that ininiedialely from his own person, unto 
 all that belong unto liim. Hivker. 
 
 4. To receive by transmission. 
 
 i'his property seems rather to have heen dcrired 
 (lom the pretotian soldiers. Dccuii of I'ieiij, 
 
 'J't e censers of these wretdies, who, I am sure, 
 could Jdirc no sanctity to them from their own 
 persons ; yet u|ion this account, that tliev had 
 been consecrated by the oti'erili" incense in'them. 
 were, by God's special comnjaiia,sequestered from 
 all coiiinion use. Smth. 
 
 5. To communicate toby descent of blood. 
 
 Besides the readiness of parts, an excellent dis- 
 posiliiin of mind is da-iced to your lordship from 
 the parents of two generations, to whom I have 
 the honour to be known. Fclton. 
 
 G. To spread ; to diffuse gradually from 
 one place to another. 
 
 The streams of the publick justice were dcriivd 
 into every part of the kingdoiu. DanVs. 
 
 D E R 
 
 7. [In grammar.] To trace a word f cm 
 
 its origin. 
 To Dkri've. v. n. 
 \. To come from ; to owe its origin to. 
 
 He that resists the power of Ptolemy, 
 Ilesists tlie pow'r of heav'n ; for pow'r from 
 
 heav'n 
 Derives, and nionarchs rule by gods appointed. 
 
 frwT. 
 
 i. To descend from. 
 
 I am, my lord, as well deriv'd as lie. 
 As well possest. Shaketp. 
 
 Dkriver. n. s. [from dt:rire.] One th.tt 
 draws or fetches, as from the source or 
 principle. 
 
 Such a one makes a man not only a partaker 
 of other nicn's sins, but al^o adcriwr of the whole 
 intire guilt of them to himself. ^ulh. 
 
 Dern. adj. [beapn. Sax.] 
 
 1. Sad ; solitary. 
 
 2. Barbarous ; cruel. Obsolete. 
 Dernie'r. flrf/. Last. It is a mere French 
 
 word, and used only in the following 
 phrase. 
 
 In the Imperial Chamber, the term for the pro- 
 secution of an appeal is not circumscribed by the 
 term of one or two years, as the law elsewhere 
 requires in the empire ; this iieing the dernitr 
 resort and supreme court of judicature. Aytife. 
 
 To Derogate, v. a. [drrogo, Lat] 
 
 1. To do an act so far contrary to a law or 
 custom, as to diminish its former extent : 
 distinguished from abrogate. 
 
 By several contrary customs and stiles used 
 here, many of t[io>e civil and ca.ion laws are coii- 
 trouled and derogated. liale. 
 
 2. To lessen tlie worth of any person or 
 thing ; to vilify. 
 
 To De'rogate. v. n. 
 
 1. To detract; to lessen reputation : with 
 Jrom. 
 
 \\'e should he iijurious to virtue itself, if wc 
 did derogate from them whom tliejr industry hath 
 made great. Ilooher. 
 
 2. 'i'o degenerate; to act beneath one's 
 rank, or place, or birth. 
 
 Is there no derogation in 't ^ 
 — You cannot derogate, my lord. Shnkesp. 
 
 De'rogate. cdj. [tVom the verb.] De- 
 graded ; damaged ; lessened in value. 
 
 Into her womb convey sterility ; 
 Dry up in her the .iri:aiis of increase. 
 And from her derogate body never sprine 
 A babe to honour her! Shakef^. Riitg Lear. 
 
 Derogation, n.s. [dcrogatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of weakening or restraining a 
 former law or contract. 
 
 ' It was indeed but a wooing ambassage, with 
 good respects, to enieriain the king in good al'- 
 feetion ; but nothing was dune or liandled to lie 
 (/iT"gii(ieii of the kings late treaty with the Ita- 
 lians. " Bacon. 
 That w liieh enjoins the deed is certainly God's 
 law ; and it is also certain, that the scripture, 
 whicli allows of the will, is neither tlie derogati.n 
 not relaxation of that law. Ar»inii. 
 
 2. A defamation ; delraclion ; the act of 
 lessening or taking away tlie honour of 
 any person or thing. Sometimes witli 
 to, pro)ierIy w ith from. 
 
 \N hich, though never so necessary, they could 
 not easily now admit, without some fear of Werv- 
 gat ion Jrom their credit ; and lliercfore that which 
 once they had done, they became for ever after 
 resolute to maintain. Hooker. 
 
 So surely be is a very brave man, neither i^tllaI 
 any thing wliii h I speak (i> his rfi-ngulinii ; for in 
 that [ said he is a mingled peojie, it is no dis- 
 praise. S)wiis«-iiii Irelanil 
 
 20]
 
 D E S 
 
 The wisest princes need not think it any (Vj- 
 minution to their greatness, or rffrno-ufiun to thtir 
 surticiency, to rely upon counsel. Bacon. 
 
 1 say not this in ilero^at'um to Vir^-il, neither do 
 I contradict any thing which I have formerly suiil 
 in his jnst [iraise. Drydtn. 
 
 None of these patriots will think it a derogation 
 from their merit to have it said, that they received 
 many lii^hls and advantages from their intimacy 
 with my lord Somers. Addmm. 
 
 Dero'gative. adj, [derogativuSy Lat.] 
 Derogating; lessening the honour of: 
 not in use. 
 
 That spirits are corporeal, seems tome a conceit 
 
 derogative to himself", and such as he should rather 
 
 labour to overthrow ; yet therel»y he estahlishetli 
 
 the doctrine of lustrations, amulets, and charms. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. EiTonrs. 
 
 Dero'gatorily. adv. [from deroga- 
 ton/.] In a detracting manner. 
 
 Diet, 
 
 Dero'gatoriness. n. s. [from dtrogft- 
 tor^,} The act of derogating. Diet. 
 
 Dero'gatory. adj. [derogntorius, Lat.] 
 Detractions ; that lessens the honour of; 
 dishonotn-able. 
 
 They live and die in their absurdities, jiassin^ 
 tlieirdavs in perverted apprehensions arid eonceji- 
 tions of the world, derogatorii unlo God, and the 
 wisdom of ihe creation. R'-own. 
 
 These deputed beinps are derogatorif from the 
 wisdom and power of the Autluir i.f Nature, who 
 doubtless can (loverii this luiichine he could create, 
 by mure direct and easy methods than employing' 
 hese subservient divinities. Cheyne. 
 
 Dervis. n. s. [dervisy Fr.] A Turkisli 
 priestj or monk. 
 
 Even there, where Christ vouchsaf'd to leacli, 
 Their dervises dare an impostor preach. Sandijs. 
 
 Tiie dervis at first made some scruple of violat- 
 ing his promise tn the dyin^ braclunan ; but tohl 
 liim, at last, that he could conceal nothing from so 
 excellent a prince. Spectator. 
 
 DE'SCANT. n. s. [dhcantoy Ital.] 
 
 1. A song or tune composed in parts. 
 
 Nay, now ynu are too flat, 
 And mar the concord with too harsh b. descant. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 The wakeful nightingale 
 All nigVit long her amorous descant sung. Milton. 
 
 2. A discourse ; a disputation ; a disqui- 
 sition branched out into several divisions 
 or heads. It is commonly used as a 
 word of censure or contempt. 
 
 Look you get a prayer-book in your hand, 
 And stand between two churchmen, good my lord; 
 Tor on that ground I'll build a holy descant. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Kindness would supplant our unkind repOrt- 
 ings, and severe descants upon our brethren. 
 
 GovcDvnent oj the Tongue. 
 
 To De'scant. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To sing in parts. 
 
 2, To discourse at large; to make speeches: 
 in a sense of censure or contempt. 
 
 Why I, in this weak piping time of peace, 
 Have no delight to pass away the time. 
 Unless to spy my shadow in the sun, 
 And descant on mine own deformity. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard til. 
 Coni'st thou for this, vain boaster, to survey 
 nie. 
 To descant on my strength, and give thy verdict? 
 
 Milton. 
 A virtuous man should be pleased to find peo- 
 ple descanting upon liis actions, because, when they 
 are thorouirlily canvassed and examined, they 
 turn to his lion, »ur. Addison. 
 
 To DESCEND, v. n, [descendo, Lat.] 
 
 D E S 
 
 I. To go downwards; to come from a 
 higher place to a lower; to fall; to 
 sink. 
 
 The rain descended, and the floods came, and 
 the winds blew, and heat upon tliat house; and 
 it fell not, fur it was founded upon a rock. 
 
 Matthew, vii. 2-5. 
 The brook that descended out of tlie mount. 
 
 Deuteronomy, ix. 21. 
 He cleft his head with one descending blow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Foul with stains 
 Of gushing torrents and descending rains. Addison. 
 
 O gndde'ss ! who, descending Uom the skies, 
 Vouchsaf'd thy ])resence to my wond'ring eyes. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To come down, in a popular sense, im- 
 plying only an arrival at one place from 
 another. 
 
 He shall descend into battle, and perish. 
 
 1 Samuel, xxvi. 10. 
 
 3. To come suddenly or violently ; to fall 
 upon as from an eminence. 
 
 For the pious sire preserve tlie son ; 
 His wish'd return witli happy pow'r befriend, 
 And on tlie suitors let thy wrath descend. Pope. 
 
 4. To go down : in a figurative sense. 
 
 He, with honest meditations fed, 
 Into himself descended. Milton. 
 
 5. To midce an invasion. 
 
 The goddess f:;ives th' alarm ; and soon is 
 known 
 The Grecian fleet descending on the town. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A forcii^n son upon the sliore descends. 
 Whose martial fame from pole to pole extends. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 6. To proceed as from an original ; to be 
 derived from. 
 
 Despair descends from a mean orifiin;d ; the off- 
 spring of fear, laziness, and impatience. 
 
 Collier agaiTist Deapnir. 
 Will is younger brotiier lo a bamnet, and t/e- 
 scended of the ancient family of the Wimbles. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 7. To fall in order of inheritance to a suc- 
 cessor. 
 
 Should we allow that all the property, all the 
 estate of the father oui^ht to descoid to the eldest 
 son ; yet the father's natural dominion, the pater- 
 nal power, cannot descend unto him by inherit- 
 ance. Locke. 
 
 The inheritance of both rule over men, and pro- 
 perty in thiiigs, sprung from the same orij^inal, 
 and were to descend by the same rules. Locke. 
 
 Our author [irovidc's for the descending and con- 
 veyance down uf Adam's monarchical power to 
 IJosteriiy, by the inheritance of his heir, succeed- 
 ing to his father's authority. Locke. 
 
 8. To extend a discourse from general to 
 
 particidar considerations. 
 
 Congregations discerned the small accord that 
 was among themselves, when they descended to 
 particulars. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Desce'nd. IK a* To walk downward 
 upon any place. 
 
 He ended, and they both descend the hill ; 
 Descended Adam to the bow'r, where Eve 
 Lay sleeping. Milton. 
 
 In all our journey through the Alps, as well 
 when we climbed as when we descended them, we 
 had still a river running along with the road. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 In the midst of this plain stands a high hill, so 
 very steep, that tliere would be no mounting or 
 descending it, were not it made up of a loose crum- 
 bled earth. Addition. 
 
 Desce'nd A NT. 71. s. [descendant^ Fr. 
 descendens^ Lat.] The offspring of an 
 ancestor; he that is in the line of gene- 
 ration, at whatever distance. 
 
 The descendanii of Neptune were planted there. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 D E S 
 
 O, true descendant of a patriot line, 
 Vouchsafe this picture of thy soul to see. Dryden, 
 
 He revealed his o\vii will, and their duly, in a 
 more ample niaruier than it liatl been declared to 
 any of my descendants before tlieni. Atterbury. 
 
 Desce'ndent. adj. [tkscenthns, Lat.] 
 It seems to be established, tliat the sub- 
 stantive should dei'ive the termination 
 from the French, and the adjective from 
 the Latin.] 
 
 1. Falling; sinking; coming dovi'n ; de- 
 scending. 
 
 There is a regress of the sap in plants from 
 abovedownwards ; and tiiisi/fsr.vif/c/if juice is that 
 which principally nourishes both fruit and plant. 
 Rui] on the Creation. 
 
 2. Proceeding from another, as an original 
 or ancestor. 
 
 More tlian morlai prace 
 Speaks thee dcscendent of ethereal race. Pap^, 
 
 Desce'ndible. adj. [from descend.] 
 
 1. Such as may be descended ; such as 
 nri.ay admit of a passage downwards. 
 
 2. 'I'ransmissible by inheritance. 
 According to the customs of other countries, 
 
 tiiose lionorary fees and infeudations were descend" 
 ihle to the eldest, and not to all tlie males. 
 
 Hate's Common Law oJ Kngland. 
 Desce'nsion. n. s. [desceiisio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of going downwards, falling, 
 or sinking ; descent. 
 
 2. A declension ; a degradation. 
 
 From a ^nd to a bull ! a heavy dtscen-uon: 
 jt was Jove's case. From a Prince to a 'prer>- 
 tice ! a low transformation : that shall be mine. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 3. [In astronomy.] Right descensivn is the 
 arch of the equator, which descen<ls with 
 the sign or star below the horizon of a 
 direct splicre. 
 
 OblHjiie descension is the arch of the equator, 
 which drscends with the sign below the liori^oil 
 of ail oblique sphere. Ozanam. 
 
 Desce'nsional. adj. [from descension.] 
 
 Relating to descent. 
 Df.sce'nt. n. s. [descensus, Lat. dcscenU, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. The net of passing from a higher to a 
 lower place. 
 
 Why do fragmr'nts, from a mountain rent. 
 Tend io the earth with such a swift descent ? 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 2. Progress downwards. 
 
 Observing such gradual and gentle descents 
 downwards, in those parts of the creation that are 
 beneatli men, the rule of anain^'y may make it 
 probable, that it is so also in things above. Locke* 
 
 3. Obliquity ; inclination. 
 
 The heads and sources of rivers flow upon a 
 descent, or an inclining plane, withuut which they 
 could not flow at all. M'oodicard's Nat. Hist. 
 
 4. Lowest place. 
 
 From th' extremest upward of thy head 
 To the descent and dust below thy feet. Shahesp* 
 
 5. Fall from a higher state; degradation. 
 O foul descent, that I, who erst cnniended 
 
 With gods tu sit the highest, and now constr.nin'd 
 Into a beast, and mix with bisliil sllme 
 This essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton, 
 Q. Invasion ; hostile entrance into a king- 
 dom : in allusion to the height of ships. 
 
 At the first descent on shore, he was not imnmred 
 with a wooden vessel, but he did countenance tlie 
 landing in his long-boat. Wottou. 
 
 The duke was general himself, and made that 
 unfortunate descent upon the Isle of Rhee, which 
 was attended with a miserable retreat, in which 
 the flower of the army was lost. Clarendon, 
 
 502
 
 D E S 
 
 Arise, true ludpes, in your own defence, 
 Controul Ihiisu fiipliiiKs, and diclarc fur sense ; 
 For, should ihe fools prevail, they sloii not there, 
 liut make their next Jescent upon the fair. 
 
 Dryikn. 
 
 7. Transmission of any thing by succes- 
 sion and inheritance. 
 
 If the agreement anil consent r/ mm first gave a 
 sceptre into any one's lianil, that also must direct 
 its descent and conveyance. Loekc. 
 
 8. The state oF proceeding from an origi- 
 nal or progenitor. 
 
 All of them, even without such a particular 
 claim, had great reason lo glory in their common 
 descent from Ahraham, Isaac, and Jacob, lo whom 
 the promise of the blessed seed was severally maile. 
 
 Atterhurit. 
 
 9. Birth ; extraction ; process of Hneage. 
 
 I give my voice on Richard's side, 
 To bar my master's heirs in true dacent! 
 God knows, I will not doit. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Tnrnus, for high descent and graceful mien, 
 Was first, and favour'd by the Latian queen. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 10. Offspring; inheritors; those proceed- 
 ing in the line of generation. 
 
 'I'he care of our descent per[ile.\es us most. 
 Which must be born to certain woe. Milton. 
 
 From liim 
 His whole descent, who thus shall Canaan win. 
 
 Millm. 
 
 11 . A single step in the scale of genealogy ; 
 a generation. 
 
 No man living is a tliousand descents removed 
 from Adam himself. Hooker. 
 
 Then all the sons nf these five brethren reign'd. 
 By due success, and all their nephews late, 
 Even thrice eleven descents the crown rctain'd. 
 Till aged Heli by due heritage it gain'd. 
 
 Fairy Qiieen. 
 
 12. A rank in the scale of subordination. 
 How have 1 then with ^vhom to hold converse. 
 
 Save witli the creatures wliieh I made, and those 
 
 To me inferior ; infinite descents 
 
 Beneath what other creatures are to thee ? Milton. 
 
 To DESCRIBE, v. a. [describo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To delineate; to mark out; to trace : 
 as a torch waved about the head describes 
 a circle. 
 
 2. To mark out any thing by the mention 
 of its properties. 
 
 1 pray tliee, overname them ; and as thou 
 nam'st iliem, I will describe them ; and according 
 to my description, level at my alFection. Shahesn. 
 
 He that writes well in verse will often send his 
 thoughts in search, through all the treasure of 
 words that express any one idea in the same lan- 
 guage, that so be may comport with tile measures 
 of the r')ynie, or with bis own most beautiful 
 and vivid sentiments of the thing he describes. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 3. To distribute into proper heads or divi- 
 Bions. 
 
 Men passed through the land, and described it 
 by cities into seven parts in a book. Jos. xviii. 9. 
 
 4. To define in a lax manner by the 
 promiscuous mention of qualities gene- 
 ral and peculiar. .See DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Descri'iikr. n. s. [from describe] He 
 that describes. 
 
 From a planlation and colony, an island near 
 Spain was by the Greek rfcscrififrs named En'tlira. 
 
 Broum. 
 
 Descri'er. n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 discoverer ; a detecter. 
 
 ^ The glad descrier shall not miss 
 To t;rsle Ihr nectar of a kiss. Crasbaw. 
 
 Descriition. U.S. [discriplio, Lat.] 
 1. The act of delineating or expressing 
 any person or thing by perceptible pro- 
 perties. 
 
 D E S 
 
 2. The sentence or passage in which any 
 thing is described. 
 
 A [),»et must rcfusu all lodious and unnecessary 
 descriptions : a robe which is too henvy, iii less an 
 ornament than a I'lirllicii. Dryden. 
 
 Sonietiines, mi.sjiui'led by the tuneful tlirong, 
 1 look for streams iiiimorlaliz'd in song. 
 That lust in silence and oblivion lie, 
 Dumb are their fountains, and their channels dry 
 That run forever by the nnise's skill, 
 And in the sinouth description murmur still. 
 
 Addison 
 
 3. A lax definition. 
 
 The sort of dcfniitron, whicii is ma'Ie np of a 
 mere collection of the most remarkaMc partu or 
 properties, is called an im[ierfect detinition, or a 
 descriptiim ; whereas t!ie definition is called per- 
 fect, when it is composed of llic essential <litI(T- 
 ence, added to general nature or genius. H'utts. 
 
 4. The qualities expressed in a description. 
 
 I'll pay si.\ thousand, and deface the bond, 
 Before a friend of t)iis dctcriptinn 
 Shall lose a hair. Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 To DESCFIY'. r. a, [deserter, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To give notice of any thing suddenly 
 discovered: as, the scout descried the 
 enemy, or gave notice of their ap- 
 proach. This sense is now obsolete, 
 but gave occasion to those which are 
 now in use. 
 
 2. To spy out ; to examine at a distance. 
 
 And the iiouse of Joseph sent to descru Bethel. 
 
 Judges, i. 23. 
 
 Edmund, I think, is gone to descry 
 
 The strength o' th' enemy. Shakesp. 
 
 Our nieichants, to their great charges, set forth 
 
 fleets to descry the seas, Abijot. 
 
 3. To detect ; to find out any thing con- 
 cealed. 
 
 Of the king they got a sight after dinner in a 
 gallery, and of the queen mother at her own 
 table ; in neither place descried, no, not by Cadi- 
 net, who bad been lately ambassador in England. 
 
 IVotton. 
 
 4. To discover; to perceive by the eye; 
 to see any thing distant or obscure. 
 
 Thus di^ht, into the court he took his wa^' ; 
 Both through the guard, which never him dcM'ried, 
 And through the watchmen, who him never spied. 
 Jiubhcrd's Tale. 
 
 The spirit of deep prophecy she hath ; 
 What *s past and what's to come she can descry. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 That planet would, unto our eyes, descrying ouiv 
 that part whereon the light fails, appear to be 
 horned, as the moon seems. Raleigh. 
 
 And now their way to earth they had descried, 
 To Paradise first tending. Milton. 
 
 Although the motion of lii^ht be not descried, no 
 argument can be made from thence to prove that 
 light is not a body, Difhv. 
 
 A tow'r so high, it seem'd lo reach the sky, 
 Stood on the roof, from whence we could descru 
 All Ilium. Dcnham. 
 
 Once more at least look back, said i ; 
 Th_\ self in that large glass descry. J^rior. 
 
 Descry', w, s. [from the verb.] Disco- 
 veiy ; thing discovered. 
 
 How near 's the olher army? 
 — Near, and on speedy dml, the 'main descry 
 Stands in the hourly thought. Shakcyy. 
 
 To DESECRATE, v. a. [desacro. Eat.] 
 To divert from the purpose to which any 
 thing is consecrated. 
 
 'J he founders of monasteries imprecated evil 
 on those who should desecrate their donations. 
 
 Siilrmm^sSun^tt. 
 
 Desecra'tion. ?i. s. [from desecrate,] 
 The abolition of consecration. 
 
 De'seut. 71. s. [dcserlum, Lat.] A wil- 
 derness; solitude; waste country; un- 
 inhabited place. 
 
 D E S 
 
 Be alive again 
 And dare me to the desert with lliy sword. 
 If trembling I inhibit, then protot mc 
 'ihf bahy of a girl. Sliaketp, 
 
 He, lookiig round on every side, belicid 
 A |)aihle3s desert, dusk with iiorrid shades. 
 
 Millon. 
 De'sert, adj. [deserfus, Lat.] Wild ; 
 waste ; -■Ktlitary ; uninhabited ; uncul- 
 tivated ; untitled. 
 
 I have words 
 TTiat woul I be liowl'd out in the desert air. 
 Where hearing should not catch them. ShnW«p 
 He found hnn in a desert land, and in the t«;jetc 
 howliii[r wilderness. Deuteronomy, xxxii. 1«>. 
 
 The premises and bargains between two nieu 
 in a des'yrt island are bindnig tollicm, though thtj 
 are perfectly in a state of nature, in reference to 
 one aiHitber. Locke. 
 
 To DE'4.'11T. V. a. [deserttr, Fr. desero, 
 
 Lat.] 
 L To forsake; tc fall away from ; to leave 
 meanly or treacherously ; to abandon. 
 
 I d(» not remember one man, who heart'Tv 
 wislied the passing of that bill, that ever deserted 
 them (ill the kingdom was in a flame. Ih^dcn. 
 
 2. To leave ; to quh. 
 
 What is it that hnlds and keeps the orbs iti 
 fixed stations and intervals, against an incessant 
 and inherent tendency to desert them? Bcntley. 
 
 3. To fjuit the army, or regiment, in 
 which one is enh'stcd. 
 
 De.s e'k t. 71. s. [properly daserf : the word 
 is originally French.] The last course ; 
 the fruit or sweetmeats v.-ith which a 
 feast is concluded. See Dessert. 
 
 Desert. «. s. [from deserve.] 
 
 1. Qualities or conduct considered wiih 
 respect to rewanls or piniishments : de- 
 gree of merit or demerit. 
 
 Being of necessity a thing; common, it i^, 
 through the manifold persuasions, dispositiori!i. 
 arid occasions of men, with equal desert both of 
 praise and dispraise, shunned by some, by other? 
 desired. licoker. 
 
 The base o' th' mount 
 Is rank'd with all deserts, all kind of natures. 
 That labour on the bosom of this sphere 
 To propagate their states. Shakesf. 
 
 Use every man after his desert, and who shall 
 'scape w hipping ? Shakesp. 
 
 2. Proportional merit; claim to reward. 
 
 All desert imports an equality between the good 
 conferred, and the good deserved, or made due. 
 
 South 
 
 3. Excellence ; right to reward ; virtue, 
 
 I\Iore to move vou, 
 Take my deserts to his, and join them both. Shah. 
 
 Deserter. 7t. s. [from desert.] 
 L He tliat has forsaken his cause or his 
 post : coinnionly in an ill sen^e. 
 
 The members of both houses, w> o at first witii- 
 
 drew. were counted deserters, and outed of their 
 
 places in parliament. ■^"'i?' Charles. 
 
 S(rei":ht to their ancient cells, rccall'd from air, 
 
 The reconcil'd desaiers will repair. Dryderu 
 
 Hosts o( dcicrters, who your honour sold, 
 And basely broke your faith for bribes of cold. 
 
 l)ryden. 
 '2. lie that leaves the army in which he is 
 enli>te(i. 
 
 Thc\ A e (he same deserters, whether they stay 
 in our own camp, or run over to the enemy's. 
 
 Dtcay of Pietv. 
 \ deserter, who came out of the citatlel, says 
 the CHirison i:i brought to the utmost necessity. 
 
 Tatlcr, \<>. b9. 
 
 3. lie that forsakes another; an abaiw 
 doner. 
 
 The fair sex, if thev had the deserter in their 
 power, would certain! v liave shewn him more 
 mercy thau the Bacchaiials did Orpheus. Dryden.
 
 D E S 
 
 Tboii, false guardian of a charge too good, 
 Thou, mean deserter of tUy brother's blood. Pope. 
 
 Desertion. 71. s. [from dtstTt.] 
 
 1. The act of forsaking or abandoning a 
 
 cause or post. 
 
 Every compliance that we are persuaded to by 
 one, is ;t contrattiction t<i the commands of the 
 otiier ; and our adherence to one, will necessarily 
 involve us in a desertion of the other. Rogers 
 
 2. [In theology.] Spiritual (Uspondency ; 
 a sense of the dereliction of God ; an 
 opinion that grace is withdrawn. 
 
 Christ liears and sympathizes with the spiritual 
 agonies of a soul under desert'um, or the pressures 
 of some stinging atHiction. South. 
 
 Dese'rtless. adj. [from desert.] With- 
 out merit; without claim to favour or 
 rew^ard. 
 
 She said she lov'd, 
 Lov'd me desertless ; who with shame confest 
 Another flame had seiz'd up<ni my breast. Dryd. 
 
 To DESERVE, v. a. [deservir, Fr.] lo 
 be worthy of either good or ill. 
 
 Those they hoiuuired, as having power to work 
 or cease, as men dest-ned of them. Hooker. 
 
 Some of us love you well ; and even those some 
 Euvy your great deserviiigs, and good name. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 All friends shall taste 
 The waces of tlieir virtue, and all foes 
 Tlie cup of their desertings. Shakesp. 
 
 What he deserres of you and me I know. Shak. 
 Yet well, if here would end 
 The misery : I deservd it, and would bear 
 T^Iy own deservings. Milton. 
 
 A mother cannot give hira death : though he 
 Deserves it, he deserves it not from me. Dryden. 
 
 Since my Orazia's death I have not seen 
 A beauty so deserving to be queen. Dryden. 
 
 To Dese'rve. V, 71. To be worthy of 
 reward. 
 
 According to the rule of natural justice, one 
 man may merit and deserve of another. South. 
 
 Courts are the places where best manners flourish. 
 Where the deserving ouglit to rise. Otway, 
 
 He had been a person of great deservings from 
 the republick, was an admirable speaker, and 
 very popular. Swift. 
 
 Dese'rvedly. adv, [from deserve.] Wor- 
 thily ; according to desert, whether of 
 good or evil. 
 
 For him I was not sent, nor yet to free 
 That people victor once, now vile and base, 
 Desenedtjj made vassal. Milton. 
 
 A man rfeserved/i/cuts himself off from the aflfec- 
 tions of that community which he endeavours to 
 subvert. Addison. 
 
 Dese'rver. w. s. [from dcsei-ve.] A man 
 who merits rewards. It is used, I think, 
 only in a good sense. 
 
 Their love is never link"d to the desener. 
 Till his deserts are pass'd. Shakes}}. 
 
 Heavy, with some high minds, is an over- 
 weight of obligation ; or otherwise great deservers 
 do, perchance, grow intolerable presumers. 
 
 Wottmi. 
 
 Emulation will never be wanting amongst 
 poets, wiieu particular rewards and prizes are 
 proposed to the best deservers. Dryden. 
 
 Desi'ccants. 71. s. [from desiccate.] 
 Applications that dry up the flow of 
 sores; driers. 
 
 This, in the beginning, may be prevented by 
 desicciDtts, and wasted. IViseman. 
 
 To DESICCATE, v. a. [desicco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To dry up; to exhaust of moisture. 
 
 Ill bodies desiccated by heat or age, when the na- 
 tive spirit goeth forth, and the moisture with it, 
 the air with time getteth into the pores. Bacon. 
 
 Seminal ferments were elevated from the sea, 
 or some desiccated places thereof, by the heat of 
 the sun. Hale 
 
 2. To exhale moisture. 
 
 D E S 
 
 Where there is moisture enough, or superfluous, 
 their wine helpeth to digest and tiesiccate the iimis- 
 ture. Bacon's iViil. Hist. 
 
 Desicca'tion. n. s. [from dcsitcalf.] 
 The act of making dry ; the state of 
 being dried. 
 
 If the spirits issue c ut of the body, there follow- 
 eth desiccation, induration, and consumption. 
 
 -Bacon. 
 Desi'ccative. ar/j. [from drsiccale.] 
 
 That which has the power of drying. 
 To Desiderate, v. n. \dt\whro, Lat.] 
 To want ; to miss ; to desire in absence. 
 A word scarcely used. 
 
 Eclipses are of woiuierful assistance toward the 
 solution of tliis so desirable and so much desiderat- 
 ed problem. Ckeijne- 
 
 DESIDERATUM. [Lat.] Somewhat 
 which enquiry has not yet been able to 
 settle or discover ; as, the longitude i^ 
 the desideratum of navigation. The tri- 
 section of an angle, and the quadrature of 
 a circle, are the desiderata of geometry. 
 Desi'diose. ««(/■ [desidiosus, Lat.] Idle; 
 lazy ; heavy. Diet- 
 
 To DESIGN, v.a. [desigvo, Lat. dessiner, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To purpose; to intend any thing. 
 
 2. To form or order with a particular j)ur- 
 pose : with/«r. 
 
 The acts of religious worship were purposely de- 
 signed firr the ackiiowIedgMient of a Being, whom 
 the most e-\cellent creatures are bound to adore as 
 well as we. _ StilUngjleet. 
 
 You are nntfor obscurity design d, 
 But, like tlie sun, must cheer ail human kind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To devote intentionally : with to. 
 
 One of those places was designed by the old man 
 to his son. ^ Clarendon. 
 
 He was born to the inheritance of a splendid 
 fortune ; he was designed to the study of the law. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To plan ; to project ; to form in idea. 
 We are to observe whether the picture or out- 
 lines be well drawn, or, as more elegant arti^ans 
 term it, well designed ; then, whetlier it be well 
 coloured ; which be the two general heads. Wotton. 
 
 Thus while they speed their pace, the prince 
 designs 
 The new elected seat, and draws the lines. Dryd. 
 
 5. To mark out by particular tokens: 
 little used. 
 
 'Tis not enough to make a man a subject, to 
 convince him that there is regal power in the 
 world ; but there must be ways of designing and 
 knowing the person to whom this regal power of 
 right belongs. Locke. 
 
 Desi'gn. 71. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . An intention ; a purjiose. 
 
 2. A scheme; a plan of action. 
 
 Is he a prudent man, as to his temporal estate, 
 that lays designs only for a day, without any pros- 
 pect to the remaining part of his life ? Tittotson. 
 
 3. A scheme formed to the detriment.of 
 another. 
 
 A sedate settled dcsipi upon another man's life, 
 put liiiii in a state of war with him against whom 
 he has declared such an intention. Locke. 
 
 4. The idea which an artist endeavours to 
 execute or express. 
 
 I doubt not but in the designs of several Greek 
 medals one may often see the hand of an Apelles 
 or Protogenes. _ Addison. 
 
 The hand strikes out some .new design. 
 Where life awakes and dawns at every line. Pope. 
 
 Desi'gnable. adj. [designo, lit.] Dis- 
 tinguishable ; capable to be particularly 
 marked out. 
 
 D E S 
 
 The power of all natural agents is limited : tli* 
 mover must be co;iiined to observe these propor- 
 tions, and cannot pass over all these infinite design- 
 able degrees in an instant. Digby. 
 
 Designa'tion. n.s. [designntio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Thf act of pointing or marking out by 
 some particular token. 
 
 This is a plain designation of the Duke of Marl- 
 borough: luie kind of stulf used to fatten land is 
 called marie, and every body knows that borough 
 is a name for a town. Swift. 
 
 2. Appointment ; direction. 
 
 \\ illiani the Cunqucior forbore to use that claim 
 in the beginning, but mixed it with atitulary pre- 
 tence, grounded upon the will and designation of 
 Edward the Confessor. Bacon. 
 
 3. Import ; intention. 
 
 Finite and infinite seem to be looked upon by 
 the mind as the modes of quaiititv, and to be at- 
 tributed primarily in their first designation oii\y to 
 those things which have parts, and are capable of 
 increase or diminution. Locke, 
 
 Designedly, adv. [from design.] Pur- 
 posely ; intentionally ; by design or 
 purpose ; not ignorantly ; not inadver- 
 tently ; not fortuitously. 
 
 Uses made things ; that is to say, some things 
 were made designedly, and on purpose, for such an 
 use as they serve to. Jiay on the Creation, 
 
 The next thing is sometimes designedlu to put 
 children in pain ; but care must be takenthat Uiis 
 be done when tlie child is in good humour. Locke. 
 
 Desi'gner. n.s. [from de si g 71,] 
 
 1. One that designs, intends, or purposes ; 
 a purposer. 
 
 2. A plotter ; a contriver ; one that lays 
 schemes. 
 
 ]t has therefore alway's been both the rule and 
 practice for such designers to suborn the publick in- 
 terest, to countenance and cover their private. 
 
 Decay of Piety, 
 
 3. One that forms the idea of any thing in 
 painting or sculpture. 
 
 There is a great affinity between designing and 
 poetry; for the Latin poets, and the desigjiers of thti 
 Roman medals, lived very near one another, and 
 were bred up to the same relish for wit and fancy. 
 
 Addi^n. 
 Desi'gning. participial adj. [from rfe- 
 sign.] Insidious ; treacherous ; deceit- 
 ful ; fraudulently artful. 
 
 'Twould shew me poor, indebted, and coropell'd. 
 Designing, mercenary ; and I know 
 You would not wish to think I could be bought. 
 
 Southern. 
 
 Desi'gnlEss. adj. [from design.] With- 
 out intention ; without design; un- 
 known ; inadvertent. 
 
 Desi'gnlessly. adv. [from designless.} 
 Without intention ; ignorantly ; inad- 
 vertently. 
 
 In tills great concert of his whole creation, the 
 designlessly conspiring voices are as differing as the 
 conditions of the respective singers. Boyle, 
 
 Desi'gnment. n, s. [from design.] 
 
 1 . A purpose and intent. 
 
 The sanctity of the Christian religion excludes 
 fi aud and falsehood from the designments and aims 
 of its first promulgators. Decay of Piety. 
 
 'Tis a greater credit to know the ways of capti- 
 vating nature, and making her subserve our pur- 
 poses and designments, than to have learned all the 
 nitrigues of policy. GlanviUe. 
 
 2. A scheme of hostility. 
 
 News, lords ! our wars are done : 
 The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks," 
 That their designment halts. Shakesp. 
 
 She received advice both of the king's desperate 
 estate, and of the duke's desi^mcnts against her. 
 
 Hayward, 
 
 604,
 
 D E S 
 
 8. The idea, or sketch, of a work. 
 
 The sceiii-s which represent cities and cnun- 
 trie» are not really such, but only |;ainn-(l un 
 boards and canvas ; hut shall that eicuse the ill 
 painlure or (/ts/j^Kmc/it of iheiu ' _ ^ Drydtn. 
 
 W hen ahsem, yet we contiuer'd in bis right ; 
 For llDUL'h that some mean artist's skill were 
 shown 
 
 In min^llni; colours, or in placing light, 
 Yet slill the lair desigminut was his own. Drydcn. 
 
 Desi'R;Vble. adj. [from desirt.l 
 
 1. Th.it wliich is to be wished with 
 earneslne.ss. 
 
 Adjudged cases, collected by men of gt^at 
 sagacily,"will improve his mind toward acquiring 
 tlnsdfsiratfc amplitude and extent of thought. 
 
 ■^ If'aHs. 
 
 He cannot but confess, that it is a thing the most 
 tUsiralile (o man, and most agreeable to the good- 
 ness of God, that he should send forth his liiiht 
 and his truth by a special revelation of his will. 
 
 Itogei'S. 
 
 2. Pleasing; deh'ghtful. 
 
 Slie then let drop some expressions about an 
 agate snult'-box ; I immediately took the bint, and 
 bought one ; being unwilling to omit any thing 
 that luiglit make me desirable in her eyes. Addison. 
 
 Our own sex, our kindred, our houses, and our 
 very names, seem to liave sometliing good and 
 deAirubte in them. tl "'^s. 
 
 DESIRE, n.s. [desir.Fr. deseo, Ital. de- 
 tiderium, Lat.] VVish ; eagerness to 
 obtain or enjoy. 
 
 Desire is the uneasiness a man finds in himself 
 upon the absence of any thing, whose present en- 
 joyment carries the idea of delight with it. Locke. 
 
 JJrink provokes, and unprovokes ; it provokes 
 the desire, but it takes away the performance. 
 
 Shakes}). 
 
 Desire's the vast extent of human mind ; 
 It mounts above, and leaves poor hope behind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 It is in a man's power only to observe what the 
 ideas are that take their turns in Ins understaiid- 
 ing, or else to direct the sort, and call in such as 
 he hath a desire or use of. Locke. 
 
 To Desi're. v. a, [desirer, Fr. dtside- 
 riire, l^t ] 
 
 1 . To wish ; to long for ; to covet. 
 
 Tliou shalt not desire the silver or gold. 
 
 Dcut. vii. 25. 
 
 2. To express wishes ; to appear to long. 
 Jove beheld it with a desiring look. Dryden. 
 
 3. To ask ; to intreat. 
 
 Sir, I intreat you home with me to dinner, 
 — [ humbly do desire your grace of pardon ; 
 1 nmst away this niiiht. Sliokcsp. 
 
 hnl since you fake sucli int'rest in our woe. 
 And 'iV'iy's disast'rous end desire to know, 
 I will restrain my tears, and briefly tell 
 What in our last" and fatal night befell. Drvden. 
 
 4. To re(|uire ; to demand. Not in use. 
 
 A dolfful case desires a doleful song. 
 WithuuL vain art or curious compliments. Spenser. 
 
 Desirer. n.s. [from rfc* iVf .] One that 
 is eager of any thing ; a wisher. 
 
 1 will counterfeit the bewitchment of some 
 {)opular man, and give it bountifully to the de- 
 sirers. Sliakesp. 
 
 Desi'rous. adj. [from desire.] Full of 
 desire; eager; longing after; wishing 
 for. 
 
 The same piety wliich maketJi them that are in 
 authority rfcviroi/s to please and resemble God by 
 justice, intlameth every way men of action with 
 zeal to do good. ' Hooker. 
 
 Be not J<.\sirDi4i of his tiainties ; for Ifiey are 
 deceitful meat. Prov. xxlii. 3. 
 
 Men are drowsy and desirous to sleep before the 
 fit of an ague, and yawn and stretch. Bacon. 
 
 Adam the while. 
 Waiting desirous het return, had wove 
 Of choicest flow'rs a garland. Milton. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D E .S 
 
 Conjugal art'ection. 
 Prevailing over fear and timorous doubt, 
 Hath led iiie on, desirous tu behold 
 Once more thy face. Miltm. 
 
 Dksi' ROUS NESS. n. s. [from desirous.] 
 Foulness of desire ; eagerness. IJict. 
 
 Desi'Rously. adv. [from desirous.] 
 Eagerly ; with desire ; with ardent 
 wishes. Did. 
 
 To OESrST. V. n. [desisto, Lat.] To 
 cease from any thing ; to stop : with 
 
 from. 
 
 Desist, thou art discern'd. 
 And toil'st in vain ; nor me in vain molest. Milton. 
 There are many who will not quit a project, 
 though they find it jiernicious or absurd ; hut will 
 readily desist from li, when tlicy are convinced it 
 is impracticable. AddLson. 
 
 Desi'stance. n. s. [from desist.] The 
 act of desisting ; cessation. 
 
 Men usually give freeliest where they have not 
 given before ; ami make it both the motive and 
 excuse of their dcsislance from giving any more, 
 that they have given already. Boyle. 
 
 Desi'tiVe. at/j. [desitus, Lat.] Ending; 
 concludent ; final. 
 
 luceplivc and Uesitire propositions are of this 
 sort; tiic fogs vanish as the sun rises; but the 
 fofs have no! vet begun to vanish, therefore th 
 
 sun IS not yet risen. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Desk. n. «. [disch a table, Dut.] An 
 
 inclining table for the use of writers or 
 readers, made commonly with a bo.\ or 
 repository under it. 
 
 Tell her in the desk, 
 That's cover'd o'er with Turkish tapestry, 
 There is a [uirse of ducats. Shake.ip. 
 
 He is drawn leaning on a desk, with his bible 
 before him. Walton's Angler. 
 
 I have been obliged to leave luiiinished in my 
 desk the heads of two essays. Pope. 
 
 Not the desk with silver nails. 
 
 Nor bureau of expence. 
 Nor standish well jaitaiin'd, avails 
 
 'J'o writing of good sense. Swift. 
 
 De'sola TE. adj. [desolatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Without inhabitains; uninhabited. 
 Let us seek some desolate shade, and there 
 
 Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shakesp. 
 
 This hero appears at tirst in a desi)/a(c island, 
 
 sittini; upon the side of the sea. Broome. 
 
 2. Deprived of inhabitants ; laid waste. 
 This city will be desolate, w iihout an inhabitant. 
 
 Jer. xxvi. 
 
 3. Solitary ; without societ)'. 
 
 To DE'S01..\TE. I', a. [d<solo, Lat.] To 
 deprive of inhabitants ; to lay waste ; 
 to make desert. 
 
 The island of Atlantis was not swallowed by 
 an eartlu|uake, but was dtsu/uled by a pariicular 
 deluge. i)'ucu)i. 
 
 Thick around 
 Thunders the s|)ort of those, who with the gun, 
 And dog impatient bounding at the shot, 
 Worse than the se.ison desolate llic fields. Thorns. 
 
 De'solai ELY. adr. [from desolate.] In 
 
 a desolate manner. 
 Desola'tion. n. s. [from desolate.] 
 
 1. Destruction of inhabitants ; reduction 
 to solitude. 
 
 What with your praises of the country, what 
 with your discourse of the lamentable i/csi'/<(ti<»i 
 thereof made by those Scots, you have liiled me 
 with a great compassion. S)iciisfr's Slate oj het. 
 
 Without her follows to myself and thee, 
 Herself, the land, and iiinnv a Christian soul, 
 Deaih, desolation, ruin, ami decay. ^Ii,:kt.'nt. 
 
 2. Gloominess; sadness; melancholy; 
 destitution. 
 
 That dwelling place is unnatural to mankind ; 
 and then the terribleness of the continual motion, 
 
 I) E S 
 
 the deinlution of the fur being from comfort, the 
 eye ami the ear liavtng ugly images betoie it.dolb 
 slill vei the mind, even when il is best armrd 
 Rgainit it iutnex,. 
 
 1 hen your hose stiall be ungarlered, and eTerf 
 
 tbiiiu about vou dcmonstrale a careless daulaiim. 
 
 •= •' ihakap. 
 
 M\ desnbition does begin to make 
 A belter lilt. , Shakap. 
 
 To complete 
 The scene of desolation, siretch'd around 
 The grim guards stand. Thmum 
 
 3. A place wasted and forsaken. 
 
 How is Babylon become a detotatian among 
 the nali.uis! Jcr. I. 25: 
 
 DLSl'AIU. n.s. [desespoir, Fr.] 
 
 1. Hopelessness; despondence; loss of 
 hope. 
 
 Despair is the thought of the unatuinablenest 
 of any good, which works diiferently in men' 
 minds ; sometimes ^iroducing uneasiness or pain, 
 sometimes rest and indolency. Li<ke. 
 
 You had either never attempted this change, 
 set on with hope; or nertr discovered it, stopt 
 with despair. Sidnei/. 
 
 We are troubled on every side, yet not dis- 
 tressed ; we are perplexed, but not iu despair. 
 
 2 Cor. iv. 8. 
 
 Wearied, forsaken, and pursued at last, 
 -Ml safety in despair of safety plac'd, 
 C'ouragehe thence resumes, resolv'd to bear 
 All their assaults, since 'tis in vain to fear. Denh. 
 
 Equal their flame, unequal was their care ; 
 One lov'd willi hope, one languish'd with deapair. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 
 2. Th.1t which causes despair ; that of 
 which there is no hope. 
 
 Strangely visited people. 
 All swoln and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye ; 
 The mere despair of surgerv, he cures ; 
 Hanging a golden stamp about their necks. 
 Put on with holy prayers. Shakesj'. 
 
 3. [In theology.] Loss of confidence in 
 the mercy of (iod. 
 
 Are not all or most evangelical virtoes and 
 
 f races in danger of extremes ' As there is, God 
 nows, too often a defect on the one side, so there 
 may be an excess on the other : tuay not hope in 
 God, or godly sorrow, be perverted uito presump- 
 tion or </f5/)air? ^raff. 
 
 To Despair, v. n. [despero, Lat.] To 
 be without hope ; to despond : with of 
 
 before a noun. 
 
 Though thou drewest a sword at thy friend, yet 
 despair not ; for there may be a turning. 
 
 F.cclus. xxii. it. 
 
 We commend the wit of the Chinese, who de- 
 spair of making of gold, but are mad upon inak- 
 iiis; of" silver. Bacon. 
 
 "Never despair r( God's blessings liere, or of 
 his reward herealier ; but go on as you have 
 begun. " "*:<• 
 
 Uesp.Virer. n.s. [from despair.] One 
 
 without hope. 
 
 He cheers ihc fearful, and commends the bold. 
 And makes despaireis hope for good success. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 Despa'irfi'L. adj. [despair and JulL] 
 Hopeless. Obsolete. 
 
 Tliat sweet but sour dfsiioirfn/ care. Sidney. 
 
 Olher cries ainoni; the Irish savour of the Scy- 
 thian barbarism ; as'the lamcntions of tbeir burials, 
 wiih desptii'i'ul outcries. Spenser. 
 
 Despairingly, atv. [from despairing.] 
 Ill a manner betokening hopelessness or 
 
 despondency. 
 
 He si eaks severely and despairingly of our so- 
 ciety. ■ Bo-i^o- 
 
 To 1>ESP.\TCH. r. a. [depescher, Fr.] 
 I. To send away hastily. 
 
 Doctor Theodore Coleby. a sober man, I de- 
 spatched iminediaiely to t trecht, to bring the 
 inoxa, and learu tbeexact method of usin^ it. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 3T 
 
 505
 
 D E S 
 
 The good ,'I'"neas, whose paternal care 
 liilus' absence could ho lunger bear, 
 Despatch'd Aclmles to the ships in jiaste, 
 To give a ghtd reialion of the past. Dri/deti 
 
 2. To send out of the world ; to put to 
 death. 
 
 Edmund, I think, h gone. 
 In pit^ of his misery, to despatch 
 His knit;hted life. ' Shakesp. 
 
 And the company shall stone them with stones, 
 and despatch thetii with their swords. 
 
 Ezek. xxiii. 47. 
 
 In combating, but two of you will fall ; 
 And we resolve we will despatch you all. Dryden. 
 
 Despatch me quickly, 1 may death forgive ; 
 I shall grow tender else, and wish to live. Drydtn. 
 
 3. To pertbrm a bushiess quickly : as, I 
 despatched my affairs, and ran hither. 
 
 I herefore commanded he his chariot-man to 
 drive without censing, and to despatch tlie journey, 
 the judgment of God now following him. 
 
 2 Mac. ix. 4. 
 
 No sooner is one action rfes/^flfc/jet/, which, by 
 
 such a determination as the will, we are set upon, 
 
 but another uneasiness is ready to set us on work. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. To conclude an affair with another. 
 
 What, are the brothers parted ? 
 —They have despatch'd with Pompey ; he is gone, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Despa'tch. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Hasty execution ; speedy performance. 
 
 Affected despatch is one of the most dangerous 
 things to business that can be. Bacon 
 
 You'd see, could you her inward motions watch. 
 Feigning delay, she wishes for desjyatch ; 
 Then to a woman's meaning would you look, 
 Then read her backward. GraiwiUe. 
 
 The despatch of a good office is very often as 
 beneficial to the solicitor as the good ofiice itself. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. Conduct; management. Obsolete, 
 
 You shall put 
 This night' great business into my despatch, 
 Which shall, to all our nights aii'd days to come. 
 Give solely sovereign sway and masterdum. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Express ; hasty messenger or message : 
 as despatches were sent away. 
 
 Despa'tch FUL. adj. [from despatch,] 
 Bent on haste ; intent on speedy exe- 
 cution of business. 
 
 So saying, with despatchfid looks in haste 
 She turns, on hospitable thoughts intent. Milton. 
 
 Let one despatchfid bid some swain to lead 
 A well fed bullock from the grassy mead. Pope. 
 
 DE'SPERATE. adj. [desperatiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Without hope. 
 
 Since his exile she hath despis'd me most ; 
 Forsworn my company, and rail'd at me, 
 That I am despei'ate of obtaining her. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Without care of safety ; rash; preci- 
 pitant ; fearless of danger. 
 
 Can you think, niy lords. 
 That any Englishman dare give nie counsel, 
 Or be a known friend 'gainst nis highness' pleasure. 
 Though he be ^rown so desperate to be honest. 
 And live a subject ? Shakesp. 
 
 He who goes on without any care or thought 
 of reforming, such an one we vulgarly call a des- 
 perate person, and that sure is a most damning 
 sin. Hammond. 
 
 3. Irretrievable ; unsurmountable ; irre- 
 coverable. 
 
 These debts may be well called desperate ones ; 
 for a mad man owes them. Shakesp. 
 
 In a part of Asia, the sick, when their case 
 comes to be thought desperate, are carried out and 
 laid on the earth, before they are dead, and left 
 there. Locke. 
 
 I am a man of desperate fortunes, tliat is, a man 
 wbo^e friends are dead ; for I never aimed at any 
 other fortune than in friends. Piipc to Swjj't. 
 
 D E S 
 
 4. Mad ; liot-brained ; furious. 
 
 Were it not tlie part of a desperate physician to 
 wish his friend dead, rather than to apply tlie 
 best endeavours of his skill for his recovery . 
 
 Spenser's Slatt of Ireland. 
 
 5. It is sometimes used in a sense nearly 
 ludicrous, and only marks any bad qua- 
 lity predominating in a high degree. 
 
 ConciudiTig all mere despWate sots and fools, 
 
 That durst depart from Aristotle's rules. Pope. 
 
 De'spkrately. adv. [from desperate.] 
 
 1 . Furiously ; madly ; without attention 
 to safety or danger. 
 
 Your eldest daughters ha^e foredone themselves 
 And despWateltf are dead. Shake.m. 
 
 There might be somewhat in it, that he would 
 not have done, or desired undone, when he broke 
 forth as desperately as before he had done un- 
 civilly. Browns Viilg. Err. 
 
 2. In a great degree ; violently : this 
 sense is ludicrous. 
 
 She fell desperately in love with him, and took 
 a voyage into Sicily in pursuit of him. Addison. 
 
 De'sperateness. U.S. [^rom desperate.] 
 Madness ; fury ; precipitance. 
 
 The going on not only in terrours and amaze- 
 ment of conscience, but also boldly, hopinqly, 
 confidently, in wilful habits of sin, is callecl a 
 desperateness also ; and the more bold thus, the 
 more desperate. Hammond. 
 
 Despera'tion. w. s. [from desperate.] 
 Hopelessness; despair; despondency. 
 
 Desperation 
 Is ail the policy, strength, and defence, 
 That Rome can make against them. Shakesp. 
 
 As long as we are guilty of any past sin, and 
 liave no promise of remission, whatever our fu- 
 ture care be, this t/esperatitm of success chills all 
 our industry, and we sin on because we have 
 sinned. Hammond. 
 
 DESPICABLE, adj. [despicabilis, Lat.] 
 Contemptible ; vile ; mean ; sordid ; 
 worthless. It is applied equally to per- 
 sons or things. 
 
 Our case were miserable, if that wherewith we 
 most endeavour to please God were in his sight so 
 vile and despicable as men's disdainful speech 
 would make it. Hooker. 
 
 Their heads as low 
 Bow'd down in battle, sunk before the spears 
 Of despicable foes. Milton. 
 
 All the earth he gave thee to possess and rule. 
 No despicable gift. Milton. 
 
 Nut less even in this despicable hero. 
 Than when my name shook Africk with affright, 
 And froze ^our hearts beneath your torrid zone. 
 
 Dry dot. 
 
 All the quiet that could be expected from such 
 a reign, must be the result of absolute power on 
 the one hand, and a despicable slavery on the 
 other. Addison. 
 
 When men of rank and figure pass away their 
 lives in criminal pursuits and practices, they ren- 
 der tliemselves more vile and despicable than any 
 innocent man can be, whatever low station his 
 fortune and birth have placed him in. Addison. 
 
 De'spicableness. n. s. [from despica- 
 ble.] Meanness ; vileness ; worthless- 
 
 ness. 
 We consider the great disproportion between 
 
 tlie infinity of the reward and the despicableness of 
 our service. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Despicably, adv. [from despicable] 
 Meanly ; soi'didly ; vilely. 
 
 Here wanton Naples crowns the happy shore, 
 Nor vainly rich, nor despicublv P'ldr ; 
 The town in soft solennnties delights, 
 And gentle poets to her arms invites. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Despi'sable. adj. [from despise.] Con- 
 temptible ; despicable ; regarded with 
 
 D E S 
 
 contempt. A word scarcely used but 
 in low conversation. 
 
 1 am obliged tu jou for takiii" notice of a poor 
 old distressed courtier, commonly the niost rfa/ii»- 
 ahle thins; ill the worl I. Arbuthnot to Fnve. 
 
 To DESPI'SE. V. a. [despiser, old Fr. 
 Slcinner ; despicio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To scorn ; to contemn ; to slight ; to 
 disrespect. 
 
 For, lo, I will make thee small among the hea- 
 tlien, and despised among men. Jcr. xlix. 15. 
 
 BIy sons their old unhappy sire despise, 
 Spoird of iiis kingdom, stnd'depriv'd of eyes. 
 
 Piyr. 
 
 2. In Shakespeare it seems once to signify 
 abhor, as from llie Italian despeitare. 
 
 Let not your ears despite my tongue for ever. 
 Which shall possess them with the lieaviest sound 
 That ever yet they lieard. Shake.ip. 
 
 Despiser. n. s. [from despise.] Con- 
 temner ; scorner. 
 
 Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy distress. 
 Or else a rude despiser of good manners, 
 Tliat in civility thou secm*st so empty ? Shakesp, 
 
 Wisdom is commonly, at long running, justi- 
 fied even of her despisers. 
 
 Government of' the Tongue. 
 
 Thus the atheists, libertines, and desjnsers of 
 religion, usually pass under the name of free- 
 tliinkers. Stcift. 
 
 DESPITE, n. s. [spijt, Dut. dipit. 
 
 Fr.] _ 
 
 1. Malice ; anger ; malignity; malicious- 
 ness; spleen; hatred. 
 
 Thou wretch ! despite o'erwhehu thee ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 With men these considerations are usually the 
 causes of despite, disdain, or aversion from others ; 
 but with God they pass for reasons of our greater 
 tenderness towards others. Spratt. 
 
 2. Defiance; unsubdued opposition. 
 
 The life thou gav'st me fust, was lost and done ; 
 Till with thy warlike sword despite of fate. 
 To my determin'd time thou gav'st new date. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 IVIy life thou shaltcoraniand, but not my shame : 
 The one my duty owes ; but my fair name. 
 Despite of death, that lives upon my grave. 
 To dark dishonour's use thou shalt not nave. Shah. 
 
 Know I will serve the fair in thy despite. Dryd, 
 
 I have not quitted yet a victor's right ; 
 I'll make you happy m your own despite. Dryden. 
 
 Say, would the tender creature, in despite 
 Of heat by day, and chilling dews by night, 
 Its life mamtain ? _ Blackmore. 
 
 Thou, with rebel insolence, didst dare 
 To own and to protect that hoary ruffian ; 
 And, in despite ev'n of ths' father's justice, 
 To stir the factious rabble up to arms. Roto<. 
 
 S. Act of malice; act of opposition. 
 
 His punishment, eternal miser}'. 
 It would be all his solace and revenpe. 
 As a despite done against the Most High, 
 Thee once to gain companion of his woe. Milton. 
 To Despi'te. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 vex ; to offend ; to disappoint ; to give 
 uneasiness to. 
 
 Saturn, with his wife Rhea, fled by night; set- 
 ting the town on fire, to despite Bacchus. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Despi'teful, adj* [despite and full.l 
 Malicious ; full of spleen ; full of hate ; 
 malignant ; mischievous : used both of 
 persons and things. 
 
 I, \\\s despiteful i\ino, sent him forth 
 From courtly friends with camping foes to live. 
 Where death and danger dog the heels of worth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Preserve us from the hands of our despiteful and 
 deadly enemies. ■'^?"o '^^^^^^^' 
 
 Mean while the heinous and despiteful act 
 Of Satan, done in Paradise, was known 
 In heav'n. MiU<m. 
 
 506
 
 D E S 
 
 Despi'tefully. adv. [from dtspitiful.] 
 Maliciously ; malignantly. 
 
 PrM_v for tln-iu that disiiiUfuUii use yiiu mid |icr- 
 sccule_yim. " ' MiUtlivw, \\ 44. 
 
 Despi'tei-ULNESS. U.S. [from despite- 
 ful.] Malice; hate; malignity. I 
 
 Let us cx.iiiiiiic liini with ilcxintcjidness and tor- 
 ture, tlint we know liis nicekncss", iiiid prove his 
 patience. llisd. ii. 19. 
 
 Despi'i Kous. adj. [from despite.] Ma- 
 licious ; ftn-ious. A word now out of 
 
 use. 
 
 The knight of the red-cross, when him he siiicd 
 .Spurrini; 51, liut nitli rage dcsyiilcoui, I 
 
 'Can fai'll>' coucli liis s|)eur. Fainj Queen. 
 
 Turning iksinteous torture out of (hior. Shukcsp. 1 
 
 Despi'teously. adiK [from dispiteous.] 
 In a furious manner : not in use. 
 
 The mortal steel despitconslii entaii'd 
 Dce|i in their (lesh, quite thro' the iron walls, 
 'J'Imt a large purple stream adown their giambeu.i 
 falls. Spenser. 
 
 To DESPO'U,. V. a. [dcspolio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To rob ; to deprive : with of. 
 Desjio'M of warlike arms, and knowen shield. 
 
 Spenser. 
 You are nobly born, 
 Df.moi/'d of' your honour in your life._ Shakesp. 
 
 He waits, "with hellish rancour iunnincnt, 
 To intercept tliy way, or send thee hack 
 Dfjpoi/'d ofinnocence, 0^' faitli, o/' bliss. Milton. 
 
 He, pale as death, doTHPiCrf <)/ his array, 
 Into the queen's apartment takes his way. Dryd. 
 
 Ev'n now thy aid, 
 Eugene, with regiments unequal prest, 
 A«"aits : this day of all his honours gani'd 
 VespoiU hiiu, if "thy succour opportune 
 Defends not tlie sad hour. I'Idlips. 
 
 2. To divest by any accident. 
 
 These formed stones, (/i-s/wi/frf 1/ their shells, 
 an\] exposed upon the surface of the ground, in 
 time moulder away. ]\'oadieard. 
 
 3. Simply to strip : not in use. 
 
 A groom gan despoil 
 Of puissant arms, and laid in e.isy bed. Spensei: 
 
 Despoliation, n. s. [from despolio, 
 Lat.] The act of despoiling or strip- 
 ping. 
 
 To DESPOND, t'. II. [despondeo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To despair ; to lose hope; to become 
 hopeless or desperate. 
 
 It is every man's duly to labour in his calling, 
 and not to 'despond for any miscarriages or disap- 
 pointments that were not in his own power to 
 prevent. . L'E.-itrani;e. 
 
 There is no surer remedy for superstitious and 
 despmiilin^ weakness, llmo first to govern onrselyes 
 by the best improvement of that reason which 
 providence has given us for a guide ; and then, 
 when we have done our own [larts, to commit ail 
 chcaifully, for the rest, to the good pleasure of 
 heaven, 'with trust and resignation. L'Estrange. 
 
 Physick is their bane ; 
 The learned leeches in despair depart, 
 And shake their heads, desponding of their art. 
 
 Dtyden. 
 
 Others depress their own minds, deapond at the 
 first dilHcully ; and concUnle, that making at;y 
 progress in knowledge, farther than serves their 
 ordinary business, is above their capacities. 
 
 r.oc^f. 
 
 2. [In theology ] To lose hope of the 
 divine mercy. 
 
 lie considers what is the natural tendency of 
 such a virtue, or such a vice ; he is well apprized 
 that the lepresentatioil of sou;e of lliese things 
 may convince the understanding, stmie may ter- 
 rify tile Conscience, some may allure the sloihfid, 
 and some encourage the despo'ndiiti^ mind. Il'dt^s 
 
 Despo'ndency. n. *. [fromde.ipondent.] 
 Despair ; hopelessness ; desperation. 
 
 Despondent, adj. [de.ipimdcns, Lat.] 
 Despairing ; hopeless ; without hope. 
 
 I) K S 
 
 It is well known, both from ancient and moderii 
 experience, that the very boldest atheists, out of 
 their deb:*uches and company, when they chance 
 to be surprised with solitude or sickness, arc the 
 most suspicious, timorous, an<i despondent wretclies 
 in ihi' world. lientley. 
 
 Congregated thrushes, linnets, sit 
 On the dead tree, a dull despondent Hock. ITioms. 
 To DES1'0'NS.\TE. v. a. [de.iponso, 
 l^t.] To betroth ; to affiance ; to unite 
 by reciprocal promises of marriage. 
 Desponsa'tion. n.s. [from desponsate.] 
 The act of betrothing persons to each 
 otiier. 
 DESPOT, n.s. \iiairorr,i.] An absolute 
 prince ; one that governs with unlimited 
 authority. This word is not in use, ex- 
 cept as applied to some Dacian prince; 
 as, the despot of Servia. 
 Despo'tical. 7 «</;■. [iromdespot.] Ab- 
 Dkspo'tick. \ solute in power; un- 
 limited in authority ; arbitrary ; unac- 
 countable. 
 
 God's universal law 
 
 Gave to the man despotick power 
 
 Over his female in due awe. 
 
 Nor from that right to part an hour. 
 
 Smile she or low re. ^ Miltim. 
 
 In all its directions of the inferior faculties, rea- 
 son conveyed its suggestions with clearness, and 
 enjoined them with power : it had the passions in 
 pel feet subjection ; though its commanci over them 
 was but persuasive and political, yet it had the 
 force of coaclive and i/etmXicd/. &ii(/i. 
 
 We may sec in a nciglibouring government tlie 
 ill conseifuences of havnig a desiiotick [iriuce ; for 
 notwiihsianding there is vast extent of lands, and 
 many of them tetter than those of the Swiss and 
 Grisiins, the common people among the latlerare 
 in a much better situation. Addison. 
 
 Patriots were forced to give way to the madness 
 of the people, who were now wfiolly bent upon 
 single and despotick slavery. Su'i/i. 
 
 Despo'ticalness. n.s. [from despot i- 
 
 ral.] Absolute authority. 
 De'spotis.m. 71. s. [dfspolismc, Fr. from 
 
 despot.] Absolute power. 
 To DESPU'MATE. v.n. [despumo, Lat.] 
 
 To throw olf parts in foam ; to froth ; 
 
 to work. 
 Despuma'tion. n.s. [i'vom de.<ipumate.] 
 
 Tiie act of th.rowing off cxcrementitious 
 
 parts in scimi or foam. 
 Desquama'tion. n.s. [from .<!tjJi a ma. 
 
 Lat.] The act of scaling foul bones. 
 
 A term of chlrtirgery. 
 Desse'rt. 71. s. [des.icrlr, Fr.] The last 
 
 cotu'se at an entertaimnent ; the fruit or 
 
 sweetmeats set on the table after the 
 
 meat. 
 
 To give thee all thy due, thou hast the art 
 To make a sujiper with a fine dessert. Dryden. 
 
 At your rfcssirt bright pew ler coines too late, 
 When your hist course was well serv'd up in plate. 
 
 A ii!^-. 
 
 To DE'STIN.VTE. v. a. [destino, Lat.] 
 To design for any particular end or pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Wrds arc rffsliiiated to fly among tlte branches 
 of trees and bushes. Kay on tU- Creo. 
 
 Destination, n.s. [from distinatc] 
 The purpose for which any thing is ap- 
 pointed ; the ultimate design. 
 
 The passages through w hich spirilsare conveyed 
 to the mcmhers, being almost inlinite, and eacn of 
 them ilrawn tliroui;h so malty meanders, it is won- 
 derful that they should perform their regular ii'«(i- 
 natijiis without losing their way. Cbiieitte. 
 
 D E S 
 
 There is a great varioly of apprelTensiotu and 
 fancies of men, in the destination and a >plicaliun 
 of things to several ends and u»es. Hatr. 
 
 To UEsriNE. V. a. [destino, Lat.] 
 
 1. To <!<«Mn ; to devote; to appoint un- 
 alterably to any .state or condition. 
 
 U herefore cease wc then ? 
 Say they who counsel war ; wc are decreed, 
 Ueserv'd and deslin'd 10 eternal woe; 
 Whatever doing, what can wc suller more? 
 
 MUtan. 
 All altars flame ; before each altar lies, 
 Drench'd in his gore, the destiud sacrifice. 
 
 Dryjen. 
 
 2. To appoint to any use or purpose. 
 
 Too tliin blood strays into the iiimieUiately sub- 
 ordinate vessels, which arc destined to cairy hu- 
 mours secreted from the blood. 
 
 Arbuthnoi on Aliments. 
 
 3. To devote ; to doom to punishment or 
 misery: used absolutely. 
 
 May heav'n around tliis destind head 
 The choicest of its curses shed. Prior. 
 
 4. To fi.x un.ilterably. 
 
 The infernal judge's dreadful powV 
 From the dark urn shall throw iny drstin'd hour. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 De'stiny. n. s. [deslinee, Fr.] 
 
 1. The power that spins the life, and de- 
 termines the fate, of living beings. 
 
 Thou art neither like thy sire or dam ; 
 But, like a foul mis-shapen siigmaiick, 
 Ma.k'd by the destinies to be avoided. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Fate ; invincible necessity. 
 
 He said, dear daughter, rigliilv may I roe 
 The fall of famous children tilini of nie ; 
 ]Sut wiio can turn the stream of dcstinii. 
 Or break the chain of strong necessity. 
 Which fast is tied to Jove's eternal si-at ? 
 
 Favri/ Quern. 
 How can hearts, not free, be tried whether tlicy 
 serve 
 Willing or no, who will but what they must 
 By rffstiiii/, and can no other chu.se r Milton. 
 
 Had thy great destiny but given thee skill 
 To kiiow," as well as pow'r to act, her will. 
 
 DenJiam, 
 Chance, or forceful destiny, 
 Which forms in causes first wlialc'er shall he. 
 
 Drydert, 
 
 3. Doom ; condition in future time. 
 
 At the pit of .•Acheron 
 JNIeet me i' th' morning ; thittier he 
 Will come to know his destintj. Shakesp. 
 
 DESTITUTE, adj. [destitutus, Lat.] 
 1. Forsaken; abandoned: with 0/. 
 
 To forsake the true God of heaven, is to fall 
 
 into all such evils upon the face of the earth, as 
 
 men, cither destitute of grace divine, may commit, 
 
 or unprotected from above, may endure. Hooker. 
 
 •2. Abject ; friendless. 
 
 He will regard the [irayer of the destitute, and 
 not despise their prayer. Psalm cii. 17. 
 
 3. In want of. 
 
 Take the destin'd way 
 To find the regions destil te of day. Dryden. 
 
 Jvothine can be a greater instance of the love 
 that mankind has for liberty, than such a savage 
 mountain covered with peoj lor^ntl the Campania 
 of Honi<», which lies in the saiu^otnitry, d««i- 
 tuteol inhabitants. .iddiam. 
 
 Destitu'tion. n. s. [from desliltite.] 
 W ant ; the state in which something is 
 wanlcd : applied to persons. 
 
 Tliat (/eslilKlwii in food and cloaihiiig is such a:i 
 impedialen^ as, till it be removed, suli'erfth not 
 the mind of man to admit any other care. Hooker. 
 
 They which want furtheraiice unto knowledge, 
 are not left in so great destitution, that justly any 
 man sliould think~iho ordinary means of ctcm J 
 life taken from them. Hooker. 
 
 ■Jhc order of pay in^ the debts of contract or re- 
 stitution is set down oy the civil laws of a king- 
 dom ; in diititutiim or want of such rules, we are to 
 observe the necessity of the creditor, the lime 01" 
 
 507
 
 D E S 
 
 the delay, and the special obhgations of fricnd- 
 shi|> Tiiyti 
 
 To DESTROY, v. a. [destruo, Lat. dt- 
 
 slriiirc, Fr.] 
 
 1. To overturn a city ; to raze a building ; 
 to ruin. 
 
 The Lord ^vill deatroy tliis city. Gen. xix. 14. 
 
 2. To lay waste ; to make desolate. 
 
 Solyman sent liis army, wiiich liurut and de- 
 strnqed the country villages. Knolles. 
 
 3. To kill. 
 
 A people great and many, and tall as the Ana- 
 kims ; but tiie Lord desttvtjed them before them, 
 and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their 
 ste.id. Deut. ii. 21. 
 
 'lis safer to be that which we destroij, 
 'J'lian by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 The wise Providence hath placed a certain anti- 
 pathy between some animals and many insects, 
 whereby they delight in their destruction, though 
 they use them not as food ; as the peacock de- 
 stroys snakes and adders ; the weazel, mice and 
 rats; spiders, flies; and some sorts of flies <^fs(roy 
 spiders. Hale. 
 
 4. To put an end to ; to bring to nought. 
 
 Do we not see that slothful, intemperate, and 
 incontinent persons desiroi^ their bodies with dis- 
 eases, their reputations with disgrace, and their 
 faculties wiih want? Bentley. 
 
 There will be as many sovereigns as fathers : 
 the mother too hath her title, which destroi/s the 
 sovereignty of one supreme monarch. Locke. 
 
 Destroyer, n. s. [from destroi/.] The 
 person that destroys or lays waste ; a 
 murderer. 
 
 It is said, that Assur both founded it and ruined 
 it : it may be understood, that Assur the founder 
 was the son of Sliem, and Assur the destroyer was 
 an Assyrian. Raleigh. 
 
 Triumpli, to be styPd great conquerors. 
 Patrons of mankind, gods, and sons of gods ! 
 Destroyers rightlier call'd, and slayers of men. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Yet. guiltless too, this bright destroyer lives ; 
 At random wounds, nor knows the wound she 
 gives. Piwe. 
 
 DESTRUCTIBLE, adj. [from destruo, 
 Lat.] Liable to destruction. 
 
 Destructibi'lity. n.s. [from destruc- 
 tible.] Liableness to destruction. 
 
 Destru'ction. n. s. [destruclio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of destroying ; subversion ; 
 demolition. 
 
 2. Murder; massacre. 
 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy, 
 
 Than by destruction dwell in doubtful Joy. Shak. 
 
 3. The state of being destroyed ; ruin; 
 murder suffered. 
 
 If that your inoody discontented souls 
 Do througli the clouds behold tliis present hour, 
 liven for revenge mock my destruction. Shakesp. 
 When that which we immortal thought 
 
 We saw so near destruction brought. 
 
 We felt what you did then endure. 
 
 And tremble yet, as not secure. Waller. 
 
 4. The cause of destruction ; a destroyer ; 
 depopulator : as a consuming plague. 
 
 'I'he destruction that wasteth at noon-day. 
 
 Fsabn xci. 6. 
 
 5. [In theology.] Eternal death. 
 
 Broad is the way that leadeth to destruction. 
 
 Muttheu: 
 Destru'ctive. adj. [destructhus, low 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. That which destroys ; wasteful ; caus- 
 ing ruin and devastation ; that which 
 brings to destruction. 
 
 In ports and roads remote, 
 Destructive tires among whole fleets we send. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 I) E T 
 
 One may think that the continuation of exist- 
 ence, Willi a kind of resistance to any destructire 
 force, is the continuation of solidity. I^cke. 
 
 2. With of. 
 
 He will put an end to so absurd a practice, 
 ■which makes our most refined diversions destruc- 
 tioe of all politeness. Addison. 
 
 Both are defects equally destructive of' true re- 
 ligion, liogers. 
 
 3. With to. 
 
 In a firm building, even the cavities ought not 
 to be filled with rubbish, which is of a perishable 
 kind, destructire to the strength. Drtjden. 
 
 E,\cess of Cold, as well as heat, pains us; be- 
 cause it is equally destructive to that temper which 
 is necessary to the preservation of life, Locke. 
 
 Destru'ctively. adv. [from destruc- 
 tive.] Ruinously ; mischievously ; with 
 power to destroy. 
 
 What remains but to breathe out Moses's wish ? 
 O that men were not so destructively foolish ! 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 Destru'ctiveness. 71. s. [from'd'eslruc- 
 tive.] The quality of destroying or 
 mining. 
 
 The vice of professors exceeds the destructive- 
 ness of the most hostile assaults, as intestine trea- 
 chery is more ruinous than foreign violence. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 De.stru'ctor. n. s. [from destroy.] 
 Destroyer ; consumer. 
 
 Helniont wittily calls the fire the destructor and 
 the artificial death of things. Boyle. 
 
 Desuda'tion. n. s. [destidaiio, Lat.] A 
 profuse and inordinate sweating, from 
 what cause soever. 
 
 De'suetude. n. s. [desuetude, Lat.] 
 Cessation to be accustomed ; discon- 
 
 tinuance of practice or habit. 
 
 By the irruption of numerous armies of bar- 
 barous people, those countries w'ere quickl3' fallen 
 otf, with barbarism and desuetude, from their former 
 civility and knowledge. Hale. 
 
 We see in all things how desuetude does con- 
 tract and narrow our faculties, so that we can ap- 
 prehend only those things wherein we are con- 
 versant. Government of the Tongue. 
 De'sultory. \ adj. [desnltorius, 
 Desulto'rious. j Lat.] Roving from 
 thing to thing ; unsettled ; immethodi- 
 cal ; unconstant. Desultoriuus is not 
 in use. 
 
 *Tis not for a desultory thought to atone for a 
 lewd course of life; nor for any thing but the su- 
 perinducing of a virtuous habit upon a vicious 
 one, to qualify an effectual conversion. L'Estr. 
 Let but the least trifle cross his way, and his 
 desultorions fancy presently takes the scent, leaves 
 the unfinished and half-mangled notion, and skips 
 away in jiursuit of the new game. Norris. 
 
 Take my desultory thouglits in their native or- 
 der, as they rise in my mind, without being re- 
 duced to rules, and marshalled according to art. 
 Felton on the Classicks. 
 
 To Desu'me. I', a. [desumo, Lat.] To 
 take from any thing ; to borrow. 
 
 This |.cbhle doth suppose, as pre-existent to it, 
 the more simple matter out of which it isrffsi/nied, 
 the heat and influence of the sun, and the due 
 preparation of the matter. Hole. 
 
 Ihey have left us relations suitable to those of 
 ..Dlian and Pliny, whence they desumed their nar- 
 rations. ^ ^ Broun. 
 
 Laws, if convenient and useful, are never the 
 worse though they be desumed and taken from the 
 laws of other countries. Hale 
 
 To DETA'CH. I., a. [detacher, Fr.] 
 1. To separate; to disengage; to part 
 from something. 
 
 The heat takes along with it a sort of vegetative 
 and terrestrial matter, which it df tac/ies from ( he 
 uppermost stratum. Woodward. 
 
 D E T 
 
 The several parts of it are detached one from 
 the other, and yet join again, one cannot tell how. 
 
 2. To send out part of a greater body of 
 men on an expedition. 
 
 If ten men are in war with forty, and the latter 
 
 detach only an equal number to the engagement, 
 
 what benefit do they receive from their supe- 
 
 ^■•'""^y • Addisor,. 
 
 Detachment, n.s. [from detach.] A 
 body of troops sent out from the main 
 army. 
 
 The czar dispatched instructions to send out 
 detachments of his cavalry, to prevent the kinu o( 
 Sweden's joining his army. Taller, l>,'n.\s. 
 
 Besides materials, wlii'ch are brute and bliutC ' 
 Did not this work require a knowing mind. 
 Who for the task should fit dctacJiments cimse 
 From all the atoms ? Blackmtrrc. 
 
 To DETAl'L. t'. a. [dttailler, Fr.] To 
 relate particularly ; 'to particularise ; to 
 display minutely and distinctly. 
 
 They will perceive the mistakes of ihese philo- 
 sojihers, and be able to answer their arguments, 
 without my being obliged to detail theiu. Vh/yne 
 
 Deta'il. ». .V. [detail, Ir.] A minute 
 and particular account. 
 
 I chuse, rather than trouble tlie reader with a 
 detail here, to defer tliem to their proper pl.iec. 
 
 _ ll'oodnard. 
 
 I was unable to treat this part of my subject 
 more in detail, without becoming dry and tedious. 
 
 To DETA'IN. n. s. [defineo, Lat] "'* 
 1. To keep that which belongs to an- 
 other. 
 
 Detain not the wages of the hirelini ; for every 
 degree of detention of it, beyond the'tinie, is in- 
 justice and uiicharilableiiess. Taylor. 
 
 •2. To withhold ; to keep back. 
 
 Tliese doings sting him 
 So venomously, that burning shame detains him 
 From his Cordelia. i/iujcfsp. 
 
 He has described the passion of Calypso, and 
 the indecent advances she made to detain him 
 from his country. Broome. 
 
 3. To restrain from departure. 
 Let us detain thee until we shall have made 
 
 ready a kid. .ludges, .\iii. 13. 
 
 Hud Orpheus sung it in the nether sphere. 
 So much the hymn had pleas'd the tyrant's ear. 
 The wife had been detain d to keepher husband 
 there. _ Dryden. 
 
 4. To hold in custody. 
 
 Deta'inder. n. s. [from detain.] The 
 name of a writ for holding one in cus' 
 tody. 
 
 Deta'iner. n. s. [from detain.] H« 
 that holds back any one's right ; he 
 that detains any thing. 
 
 Judge of the obligation that lies upon all sorts 
 of injurious persons ; the sacrilegious, the de- 
 tainers of tithes, and cheaters of men's inherit- 
 ances. Taylor. 
 
 To DETE'CT. v. a. [detectus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To discover ; to find out any crime or 
 artifice. 
 
 Tiiere's no true lover in the forest ; else sighing 
 every minute, and groaning every hour, woula 
 detect the lazy foot of time as well as a clock. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Though should I hold my peace, yet thou 
 ■Wouldst easily detect what I conceal. Milton 
 
 2. To discover in general. 
 The utmost infinite ramifications and inoscula- 
 tions of all the several sorts of vessels may easily 
 be detected by glasses. Eay. 
 
 Dete'cter. n. s. [from detect.] A dis- 
 coverer ; one that finds out what an- 
 other desires to hide. 
 
 508
 
 D E T 
 
 Oh, heavens ! that this treason were not ; or 
 
 Ut)t I ihc detecter. iihakesp. 
 
 ilvpucri.sv lias a secret liatrcti <>( it^ detccUr ; 
 
 that" hicii will bring it to a test wliicli it c;iiiiw>t 
 
 pa^s. Ihcau uj Piety. 
 
 Detk'ctiOiN. «. i*. [from detvcL] 
 
 1, Discoveiy of guilt or fraud ; or any 
 other fault. 
 
 Should I come to licr with any detection in my 
 hand, I could drive her then from the waui of tier 
 purity. Shakrsp. 
 
 Tliat is a sign of the trvic evangelical zeal, and 
 note for the dtt€Ction of its contrary : it should 
 abound iiKirc in the mild and guod-naluicd aiiec- 
 tioDs, than in the vehement and wrathful passions, 
 
 Sf/ratt. 
 
 Detf'ction of the Iiicoiierence o>f loose discourses 
 was wholly owing til the syllugisticid form. Locke. 
 
 2. Discovery of any thing hidden. 
 
 Not only t)»e sea, but rivers and rains also, nre 
 ilislruniental to the detection o( amber, and otiicr 
 fossils, bv washing away the earth and dirt that 
 conci.*aled ihem. Woodward. 
 
 Detention, n. *. [from detain.] 
 
 1. The act of keeping what belongs to 
 another. 
 
 How goes the world, tliat I am thus encount'red 
 With ciam'rous claims of debt, of broken bouds, 
 And the detention of lung since due debts. 
 Against my honour? SItakesj). 
 
 2. Confinement ; restraint. 
 
 This worketii by detention of the spirits, and 
 constipation of the tangible parts. Bacon. 
 
 To DETE'R. V. a, [dcterreo, Ut.] 'Jo 
 discourage by terrour; to fright from 
 any thing. 
 
 I never yet the tragick strain assay 'd, 
 Detcn'^d by thy inimitable maid. JVoller. 
 
 Many and |)oleht enemies tempt and dtter us 
 from our duty ; yei our case is not bard, so long as 
 we have a greater strength on our side. Tillolson. 
 
 Beauty or luibecomingness are of more force to 
 draw or dCtei' imitation, than any discouses w hich 
 can be made to them. Locke. 
 
 The* ladies may not be deterred from corresp<«nd- 
 ing w ith me by this method. Addison. 
 
 My own face deters me from my glass ; 
 And Knclier only shews what Celia was. Prior. 
 
 7b DE'I'E'RGE. v. a. [ditirgo, L&i.] To 
 cleanse a sore ; to purge any part from 
 feculence or obstructions. 
 
 Crjjisider the part and habit of body, and add 
 or dniitnibh your siraples as you design to detente 
 or incarn. Wiseman. 
 
 Sea salt preserves bodies, tlirouah whicli it 
 passeth, from corruption ; and it Sctergcth the 
 vessels, and keeps the fluids from putrefaction. 
 
 Arbullniot. 
 
 Dete'rgent. adj. [from deterge.] That 
 wliich cleanses. 
 
 'riie food ouglit to be nourishing and detergent. 
 
 Aj'buifmot. 
 
 Deterioration, n. s. [from deftrior, 
 Lat.] The act of making any thing- 
 worse ; the state of growing worse. 
 
 Determent, n.s. [from rf(7f r.] Cause 
 of (liscoiu-agement; tliat by which one 
 is deteried. A good word, but not 
 now used. 
 
 This wi!! not be thought a discouragement unto 
 spirits, wb cb endeavour to advantage nature by 
 art; nor will the ill success of some be made a 
 sujiicient delermeiit unto others. Brutin's Vul. I'.rr. 
 These are not all tlie determents that opposed 
 iny obeying you. Boi/le. 
 
 Determinable, adj. [irom defermini:] 
 That which may be certainly decided. 
 
 Whether all plants have seeds, were more easily 
 determinable, if we coulil cojiclude concerning 
 harts-tongue, feme, and some oiliers. 
 
 Browns Vnt^. Err. 
 
 About this matter, which seems so easily Jeter- 
 
 D E T 
 
 tninablc by sense, accurate and sober men widely 
 disagree. lioule. 
 
 7'o DIVIERMINATE. v. a. [dcfcrmhur, 
 Fr.] To limit ; to fix ; to determine ; 
 to terminate : not in use. 
 
 The ily->i<^vv h<mrs shall not determinate 
 The dateless limit of thy ilear e-xile. Shnkr.tjf. 
 
 Determinate, adj. [determinalus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Settled ; definite ; determined. 
 
 Uciiiointrations in numbers, if ihey are not 
 more evident and exact than in extension, yet 
 they arc more general in their use, and determi- 
 nate in iheirappTication. Locke. 
 
 To make all the planets move about the sun in 
 circular orbs, there must be given to each, by a 
 determinate impulse, those present particular de- 
 grees of velocity which they now have, in [ ro- 
 porti'in to their distances from the sun, and to tlie 
 quantity of the solar matter. Bentley. 
 
 2. Established; settled by ride ; positive. 
 
 Scriptures are read beiore the time of divine 
 service, and without either choice or stint ap- 
 pointed by any determinate order. Hooker. 
 
 3. Decisive ; conclusive. 
 
 1' ih' ])rrtgress of this business. 
 Ere a dclerminute resf)lution, lie, 
 I mean llie bishop, did require a respite. Sluikesp. 
 
 4. Fixed ; resolute. 
 
 Like men disused in a long peace, more deter- 
 minate to do, tiian skilful how to do. Sidney. 
 
 5. Resolved. 
 
 Sly determinate voyage is mere extravagancy. 
 
 Shakes)!. 
 
 Dete'rminately. adv. [from dettrmi- 
 tialc] 
 
 1. Resolutely ; with fixed resolve. 
 
 The queen obeyed the king's commandment, 
 fidl of raging agonies, and determinatety bent that 
 she wouJd seek aiJ loving means to wluZelmane. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 In those errors they are so delerminately settled, 
 that the3- pay unto falsity tlie whole sum of wliat- 
 soever love is owing unto God's truth. Hooker. 
 
 2. Certainly ; unchangeably. 
 
 Think thus with yourselves, that you have not 
 the making of things true or false ; but that the 
 truth and existence of things is already fixed and 
 settled, and that the principles of religion are al- 
 ready either detcrminately true or false, before you 
 think of tlicm. TiUols,in. 
 
 Deiermina'tion. n. s. [from dttcr- 
 mhiate.] 
 
 1. Absolute direction to a certain end. 
 
 When we voluntarily waste much of our lives, 
 that remissness can by no means consist with u 
 coitstant determiiuitian of will or desire to the 
 greatest apparent good. Locke. 
 
 2. The result of deliberation ; conclusion 
 formed ; resolution taken. 
 
 They have acquainted me with their determina- 
 tion, which is to go home, and (rouble you no 
 more. Shukesp. Merch. of Venice. 
 
 The proper acts of the intellect are intellection, 
 deliberation, and detcrmituxtion or decisiim. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 U is much disputed by divines, concerning the 
 power of man's will to good and evil in the state 
 of innocence ; ami upon verv nice and ■ angerous 
 precipices stand their (/t'(ejTnr7Wfw«s ou either side. 
 
 Siyath. 
 
 Consult thy judgment, atVections, and inclina- 
 tions, and make lliy determination upon every 
 particular; and be always as suspicious of thy- 
 self as possible. Calumy. 
 
 3. Judicial decision. 
 
 He confined tlie knowledge of governing Injus- 
 tice and lenity, and to the speedy delerrnimilioii 
 of civil and criminal causes. GuUirer's TrareU. 
 
 Determinative, adj. [from dtler- 
 
 minate.] 
 1. That which uncontroulably directs to 
 
 a certain end. 
 
 D E r 
 
 That individual action, u hich isjmtly punished 
 
 as sinful in us, citnnol proceed friMii the spccitl 
 
 influence and determinative power of aji.tt cau>«. 
 
 Hramhali a^aiivst IJobba, 
 
 2. That which makes a limitation. 
 
 If the term added tonidkeup the complex tub* 
 ject does tiut npccstarily or constantly neloug to 
 it, then it is a determinative, and limits the su^ 
 jfct to a particular part of its extension ; as, 
 t'very pious man %hall be happy. Wattt. 
 
 Determina'tor. n.s. [from delermi- 
 nafe.] One who determines. 
 
 They have recourse unto the preal determinater 
 of virL'inity, coiicepiiotis, fertility, and tf.e in- 
 scrutable infirinilies of the whole body. linm-rt. 
 
 To DETE'R.MINE. v.a, [dt ter miner, Fr. 
 
 ditirminOj Lat.] 
 I. To fix ; to settle. 
 
 Is it concluded lie shall be protector.' 
 — h is determind, not concluded yet ; 
 hut so it must be, if ttie king miscarry. Shahcsp 
 
 Alore particularly lo detc-mine the proper sea- 
 son for graiuniar, I do not see how it can be 
 made a study, but as an introduction to rhetorick. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To conclude ; to fix ultimately. 
 Probability, in tiie nature of it, supposes that 
 
 a thinj^ may or may not be so, for any thing that 
 yet a[ipears, or is certainly determined, on tFie 
 other side. South. 
 
 IMiltun's subject was still greater than Homer's 
 or Virgil's : it does not determine tlic faf! of siofile 
 persons or nations, but of a whole species. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 Destruction hangs on ever3' word we speak. 
 On every thouglit, till the concluding stroke 
 Drteriuincs ail, and closes our design. Addison, 
 
 3. To bound ; to confine. 
 
 The knowledge of men hitherto hath been rf?- 
 tennintd by the Tiew or sight; so that whatsoever 
 is invisible, either in re»|K.cl of llie fineness of 
 the body itself, or the smallness of the parts, or 
 of the subtitty of the motion, is little enquired. 
 
 The princij'iura individuationis is existence it- 
 self, which determines a being of any sort to S 
 particular time and place, incommunicable to two 
 beings of the same kind. Locke. 
 
 No sooner have they climbed that hill, which 
 thus detei'inines their view at a distance, but a 
 new prospect is opened. Atterbury, 
 
 4. To adjust ; to limit ; to define. 
 
 lie that has settled in his mind rfrti-rmmfW ideal, 
 with najiies aflixeii to them, will be able to dis- 
 ccrii their dilfercTiLt-s one from auother, which is 
 really distitifzuishini;. Locke. 
 
 5. To influence the choice. 
 
 You have the captives 
 Who were the opposite^ of this day's strife ; 
 \\ e dn reuuire them of you, so to use Uiem 
 As we sh.ill find their mc'rils and our sif« ty 
 IVI'iv equally determine. SJtakesp. 
 
 A man may suspend the act of his choice from 
 being determiiiLd for or against the thing pro- 
 posed, till he has examined it. Locke. 
 
 As soon as the sludiuus man's hunger and thirst 
 makes him uneasy, he, whose will was never d*- 
 trrmined to any pursuit of good cheer, is, by the 
 uneasiness of liunicer and tiiirst, presently Jrtcr- 
 mined to t^ating and druiking. Locke. 
 
 6. To resolve. 
 
 Jonatlian knew that it was determined of his 
 father to >lay Uavid. lHam. xx. 33. 
 
 7. 'I o decide. 
 
 I do not ask wliether bodies so exist, that tike 
 motion of one cannot be without the motion * f 
 another: to determine this either way. is to beg 
 the question for or against a vacuum. Locfcc. 
 
 8. To put an end to; to destroy. 
 
 Now where is he, that will not stay so Ion" 
 Till sickness hath determind me? S/iawsp. 
 
 Tt> Determine, r, w. 
 1. To conclude; to form a final conclu- 
 sion. 
 
 &09
 
 I) K r 
 
 Ere! now cx[)rct great liHiiii^s, wliich perhaps 
 Of us "ill soon (lete''minc or iuipuse 
 New laws to he ob^e^v'd. Milton. 
 
 2, To settle opinion. 
 It is iiHliircrciit to the matter in hand which way 
 
 the learned sliall dctermiuf of it. Locke. 
 
 3. To end ; to cotiie to an end. 
 Tliev were apprehended, and after conviction 
 
 the d:int:er ditermmed by their deaths. Hamcard. 
 
 All i)ieasure springing from a gratified pas'iion, 
 
 as nio$t of the pleasure of sin does, must needs 
 
 determiiw witli that passion. South. 
 
 4. To make a decision. 
 
 Siie soon shall know of us 
 How honourably and how kindly we 
 Determine for her. Shahesp. 
 
 5, To end consequentially. 
 
 Revulutinns of state, many times, make way 
 
 for new institutions and forms, and often deter- 
 
 viinc in eitlier setting up sunie tyranny at home, 
 
 or bringing insome conquot from abroad. Temple. 
 
 C. To resolve concerning any thing. 
 
 Now, noble peers, the cause why we are met 
 Is to determine of the coronation. Shakesp 
 
 Deterra'tion. n. s, [de and terra , Lat, 
 detarer, Fr.] Disco\*ery of any thing 
 by removal of the earth that hides it ; 
 the act of unburying. 
 
 This concerns tlie raising of new mountains, de- 
 terrntinns, or the devolution of earlli down upon 
 the valleys from the hills and higher j;rounds. 
 
 T! oodunrd. 
 
 Dete'rsion. n. s, [from deicrgOj Lat.] 
 The act of cleansing a sore. 
 
 I endeavoured detersion, but the matter could 
 not be discharged. Wiseman. 
 
 Dete'rsive. adj, [from deterge.] Hav- 
 ing the power to cleanse. 
 
 Dete'rsive. n.s. An application that 
 has the power of cleansing wounds. 
 
 We frequently see simple ulcers afflicted with 
 sharp humours, which corrode them, and render 
 them painful sordid ulcers, if not timely relieved 
 by detersives and lenieiits. Wiseman. 
 
 To'DETE'ST. i-. a. [detcstor, Lat.] To 
 hate ; to abhor ; to abominate. 
 
 Nigh thereto the ever-damned beast 
 Durst not approach ; for he was deadly made. 
 And all that life preserved did detest. F^airy Queen. 
 
 Glory grows guilty of detested crimes, 
 When for fame's sake, for praise, an outward part, 
 We bend to that the working of the heart. Shah. 
 
 I 've liv'd in such dishonour, that the gods 
 Detest my baseness. Hhakesjh 
 
 There is that naturally in the heart of man 
 which abliors sin as sin, and consequently would 
 makehim detest it both in himself and others ton. 
 
 South. 
 
 Who dares think one tiling, and another tell, 
 
 IMy heart detests him as the gales of hell. Pope. 
 
 Detestable, adj. [from detest.] Hate- 
 ful ; abhorred ; abominable ; odious. 
 
 Beguil'd, divorc'd, wrong'd, spightcd, slain' 
 Idlest detestable death. Shahesp. 
 
 He desired him to consider that both armies 
 consisted of Christians, to whom nothing is moie 
 detestable than effusion of human blood. liaiiward. 
 
 Dete'stably. adv. [from detestable.] 
 Hatefully ; abominably ; odiously. 
 
 It stands here stigmatized by the apostle, as a 
 temper of mind rendering men so detestably bad, 
 tliat the great enemy of mankind neither can nor 
 desires to make them worse. South. 
 
 Detest a'tion. ?^. s. [from detest.] 
 
 1. Hatred; abhorrence; abomination. 
 
 Tiien only did misfortune make lier see what 
 she had done, especially finding in us rather de- 
 testation than pity. Sidney. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used with for; but of 
 seems more proper. 
 
 The detestation you express 
 For vice in all its glitt'ring dress. Swift. 
 
 D E T 
 
 Our love of God will inspire us with adetesla- 
 lionjor sin, as what is of all things most cuntrarj 
 to his divine nulure. Stcift. 
 
 Dete'ster. n. s. [from (hfcst.] Oiie 
 
 that hates or abhors. 
 To Dethro'ne. ti. a. [ihfroner, Fr. de 
 andthroniis, I.at.] To divest of regality ; 
 to throw clown from the throne ; to de- 
 prive of regal dignity. 
 
 Deti'nue. ii. s. [dettniie, Fr.] A writ 
 that lies against him, who, having goods 
 or chattels delivered him to keep, re- 
 fuses to deliver them again. Lowell. 
 
 Detona'tion. M.i. [detono, Lat.] Some- 
 what more forcible than the ordinary 
 crackling of salts in calcination ; as in 
 the going oflF of the pnlvis or aurum 
 fulminans, or the like. It is also used 
 for that noise which happens upon the 
 mixture of fluids that ferment witli 
 violence, as oil of turpentine with oil 
 of vitriol, resembling the explosion of 
 gunpowder. Quincy. 
 
 A new coal is not to be cast on the nitre, till 
 the dttoncition uccasioned hy tlie former be either 
 quite or almost altogether ended ; unless it chance 
 that the puffing matter do blow the coal too soon 
 out of tlie crucible. £iii//f. 
 
 To DETONIZE. v. a, [from detono, 
 Lat.] To f^alcine with detonation. A 
 chemical term. 
 
 Nineteen parts in twenty of detonized nitre is 
 destroyed in eighteen days. Arouthnot on Air. 
 
 ToDeto'rt. t\a. [detortns^o^deiorqueo, 
 Lat.] To wrest from the original im- 
 port, meaning, or design. 
 
 They have assumed what amounts to an infalli- 
 bility in the private spirit, and have dttorted te.\ts 
 of scripture to the sedition, disturbance, and de- 
 struction of the civil government. Dryden. 
 
 To DETRACT, v. a. [detractumy Lat. 
 delracter, Fr.] 
 
 1, To derogate ; to take away by envy, 
 calumny, or censure, any thing from the 
 reputation of another: with from, 
 
 Tiiose were assistants in private, hut not trusted 
 to manage the affairs in pubiick ; for that would 
 detract from tlie honour of tlie principal ambassa- 
 dor. Bacon. 
 
 No envy can detract from this : it will shine in 
 history, and, like swans, grow whiter the longer 
 it endures. Dryden. 
 
 ■2. To take away ; to withdraw. 
 
 By the largeness of the cornices they hinder 
 bi'th the li^ht within, and likewise detract much 
 frnm the view of the front ^vithout. Wotton. 
 
 The muliiiude of partners does detract nothing 
 frniii ea('h private sliare, nor does the pulilickness 
 of it lessen projuiety in it. Bmile. 
 
 Detra'cteu. n. s. [from detract.] One 
 that takes away another's reputation ; 
 one that impairs the honour of another 
 mjuriously. 
 
 I am ritrht glad to be thus satisfied, in tliat I 
 yet was nevi-r able till now to choke the mouth of 
 "such detraclcrs with the certain knowledge of their 
 slanderous untruths. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Whether we are so entirely sure of their loyalty 
 upon the present foo ol government, as you may 
 imag.i.tr, their detractcrs make a question. Sui/t. 
 Away the fair detracters went, 
 
 And gave by turns their censures vent. Swift. 
 
 Detra'ction. w. s. [dciractio, Lat. de- 
 traction, Fr.] 
 
 Detraciion, in the native importance of the 
 word, signilies the withdrawing or taking off from 
 a thing ; and, as it is applied to the reputation, it 
 
 D E T 
 
 denotes the impairing or lessening a man in point 
 of fame, rendering him less valued and esteemed 
 by others, wliich is the final aim of detraction, 
 
 Aylifc. 
 I put myself to thy direction, and 
 Unspeak mine own detraction ; liere abjure 
 Tlie taints and blames I laid upon myself; 
 For strangers to my nature. Shahesp. 
 
 Fame, that her high birth to raise 
 Seem'd erst so lavish and profuse, 
 \Vc may justly now accuse 
 Of detraction from her ])raise. Milton. 
 
 If detraction could invite us, discretion surely 
 would contiiin us from any derogatory intention. 
 
 Brown. 
 To put a stop to the insults and detractions of 
 vain men, I resolved to enter into the examina- 
 tion. Woodward. 
 To consider an author as the subject of oblo- 
 quy and detraction, we may observe with what 
 pleasure a work is received hy the invidious part 
 of mankind, in which a writer falls short of him- 
 self. Addison. 
 Detra'ctory. adj. [i'rom detract.] De- 
 famatory by denial of desert ; deroga- 
 tory. Sometimes with to, properly 
 f?'om. 
 
 This is not only deroeatory unto the wisdom of 
 God, who hath proposed the world unto our know- 
 ledge, and thereby the notion of himself; but also 
 detractory unto the intellect and sense of man, ex- 
 pressedly disposed for that inquisition. Brown. 
 Jn inentionmg the joys of heaven, I use the ex- 
 pressions I find less detractoi-y from a theme above 
 our praises. Boule. 
 
 The detractory lye takes from a great man the 
 reputation that justly belongs to him. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Detra'ctress. n.s, [from detract .] A 
 censorious woman. 
 
 If any shall detract from a Iady*s character, un- 
 less she be absent, the said d'etractress shall be 
 forthwith ordered to the lowest place of the room. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 DETRIMENT, n.s. [detrimentum, Lat.] 
 Loss; damage; mischief; diminution; 
 harm . 
 
 Difficult it must be for one Christian church to 
 abolish that which all had received and held for 
 the space of many ages, and that without auy de- 
 triment unto religion. Hooker, 
 
 I can repair 
 That detriment, if such it be, to lose 
 Self-lost. _ ^ Milton. 
 
 If your joint pow'r prevail, th' affairs of hell 
 No detriment need fear j go, and be strong. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 'I'here often fall out so many things to be done 
 on the sudden, that some or them must of ne- 
 cessity be neglected for that whole year, which is 
 the greatest detriment to tliis whole mystery. 
 
 Erelyn's Kalendar. 
 
 Let a family burn but a candle a night less than 
 the usual number, and they may take in the 
 Spectator without detriment to their private af- 
 fairs. Addison. 
 Detriime'ntal. adj. [from detriment.] 
 Mischievous ; harmful ; causing loss. 
 
 Among all honorary rewards, which are neither 
 dangerous nor detrimental to the donor, I remem- 
 ber none so remarkable as the titles w Inch are be- 
 stowed by the emperor of China : these are never 
 given to any subject till the subject is dead. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Ohslinacy in prejudices, which are deti'imentai 
 to our country, ought not to be mistaken ftir vir- 
 tuous resolution and firmness of mind. Addison. 
 
 Detrition, n.s. [dttei-o^ detritus, Lat.] 
 
 The act of wearing away. Diet. 
 
 To DETRUDE, v. a. [deirudo, Lat.] To 
 
 thrust down ; to force into a lower 
 
 place. 
 
 Such as are detruded down to hell, 
 Either for shame they still themselves retire, 
 Or, tied in chains, they ia close prison dwell. 
 
 Daviet. 
 
 510
 
 D E V 
 
 PhJIusophers are of opinion, that the souls of 
 men may, for ilieir uiiscarriageSf be detruded into 
 the bodies of beasts. Locke. 
 
 At lliy coriinianci the vernal sun awakes 
 Tlie torpid sa[), detruded to tlic root 
 By wititrv winds. Thomson. 
 
 Ttf "DETRUNCATE, r. a. [detrunco, 
 
 Lat.] To lop ; to cut ; to shorten by 
 
 deprivation of parts. 
 Detrunca'tion. n. s. [from delriin- 
 
 ciite.'] The act of lopjjiiiK or cuttiii"-. 
 DetP.l'sioN. ti. s. [from titlniiio, Lat.] 
 
 Tlie act of thrusting or forcinpf down. 
 
 Fruin lliis dclntsion of tlie waters tuwrirds tlie 
 side, the parts towards the poli' iinist I^e luiicli iii- 
 crcaseti. Keil u^diint Hiiruct. 
 
 DeTUKBA'TION. 11. S. [dedtltjo, Lat.] 
 Tlie act of throwing down ; degrada- 
 tion. Diet. 
 
 Devasta'tion. n. s. {dnaslo, Lat.] 
 Waste ; havock ; desolation ; destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Fv devastathm the rough warrior gatiis, 
 Ancf fanners fatten most when famine reigns. 
 
 Cirth. 
 
 Tiiat flood whicli overflowed Attica, in the days 
 of Ogvges, and that wliicli drowned I'hessaly in 
 Deucalion's time, made cruel liavock and devas- 
 tation among them. \Voodu:ard. 
 
 Delcc. n. s. [deux, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Two : a word used in games. 
 
 Yoti are a pentleman and n [gamester ; then, I 
 am sure, you know how mutii the gross sum of 
 deuce ace amounts to. Shakesp. 
 
 2. The devil. See Deuse. 
 
 To Develop, v. a. [developer, Fr.] To 
 disengage from something that enfolds 
 and conceals ; to disentangle ; to clear 
 from its covering. 
 
 Take him to devtlop, if you can, 
 Aud liew the block olf, andget out the man. 
 
 Dunciad. 
 
 Deve'rgence. n. s. [devergentia, Lat.] 
 Declivity; declination. Diet. 
 
 To Devest, v. a. [deeester, Fr. de and 
 vest is, Lat.] 
 
 1. To strip; to deprive of clothes. 
 
 Friends all but now, 
 In quarter and in terms like bride and groom 
 I^ettstuig them for bed. Shakesp. 
 
 Then of his arms Androgens he devests. 
 His sword, his shield, he takes, and plumed crests. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. To annul ; to take away any thing good. 
 
 \\ hat are those breaches of the iaw of nature 
 and nations, which do forfeit and devest all right 
 and title in a nation to government? Bacoii. 
 
 3. To free fi om any thing bad. 
 Come on, thun little inmate of this breast, 
 
 \\ hich for thy sake from passions I devest. Prior. 
 DEV'E'X. adj. [deee.tus, Lat.] Bending 
 down ; declivous ; incurvated down- 
 wauds. 
 Deve'xity. n.s. [fromdevex.] Incurva- 
 tion down\vards ; declivity. 
 To De'viate. r. ». [de via decedere, Lat.] 
 1. To wander from the right or common 
 way. 
 
 The rest to some faint meaning make pretence. 
 But Shadwell never deviates into sense. Dryden. 
 
 Tims Pegasus, a nearer way to take, 
 Way boldly deviate from the common track. Pope. 
 
 What makes all physical and moral ill ? 
 
 Tliere nature deciates, and licre wanders will. 
 
 T> • Pope. 
 
 Besides places which may deviate from the sense 
 
 of the author, it woidd be kind to observe any 
 
 deiiciencies in the diction. Pope. 
 
 i. To go astray ; to err ; to sin ; to offend. 
 
 D E V 
 
 Devta'tion. n. s. [from deviate.] 
 
 1, The act of (|uitting the right way; 
 crrour; waiulering. 
 
 These hodies conitantly move round in the 
 same trucks, without making the least deiiation. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 
 2. A'ariation from establislied rule. 
 
 Haviiiij; once Mirvrycd tlic Uul* and propcrna- 
 liiral al|)lrthct, wc ni;iv CHsily <li>covcr Uie deiia- 
 //(H'5 frtMit it, in all thf alj.lialK'ts ill ii?,e, either by 
 dflfct of yingle characters, of letters, or by con- 
 fusimi of theTn. Holder. 
 
 :i. Offence ; obliquity of coiKluct. 
 
 Wortliy p'TSDiis, if inadvertently drawn into a 
 dcriittioii, « ill t-ndeavour instantly to recover their 
 Um ground, that tlu-y may not bring error into 
 Imhit. Chiri-iSii. 
 
 Dlvi'ce. n.s. [devise, Fr. dt visa, lX£i\.] 
 
 1. A contrivance; a stratagem. 
 
 'J'his is our device. 
 That Falstaff at that oak shall meet with lis. 
 
 !i}iuhes]). 
 He intended it as a politick device to lessen their 
 interest, and keep tliem low in the world. 
 
 Atterhury. 
 
 2. A design ; a scheme formed ; project ; 
 
 speculation. 
 
 Touching the exchange of laws in practice with 
 laws ill device, which they say are belter for the 
 state of t!ic church, if they nnght take place ; the 
 fiirther we examine thc'ni, the greater cause we 
 fuid to conclude, although we continue the same 
 «e are, the harni is not great. Hooker. 
 
 His device is aaainst Babylon, to destroy it. 
 
 / Jo-^li. 11. 
 
 There are many devices in a man's heart ; never- 
 theless the counsel of the Lord shall stand. 
 
 Prov. XIX. *21. 
 
 3. The emblem on a shield ; the ensign 
 armorial of a nation or family. 
 
 Then change we shields antl their devices hear ; 
 Let fraud sup()ly the want of force in w ar. Dryd. 
 
 Hihernia's harp, device of her cotiniland, 
 And parent of her mirth, shall there be seen. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Tliey intend to let the world see what parly 
 they are of by figures and designs upon these fans; 
 as the knights-errant nseil to distinguish them- 
 selves by devices on their shields. Addison. 
 
 4. Invention ; genius. 
 
 He's gentle ; never schooled, and yet learned ; 
 full of noble device, of all sorts eiichantingly be- 
 loved, ^hakc^p. 
 
 DE'VIL. 71. s. [biopul, Sax. diabolus, 
 Lat. It were more properly written 
 divel.] 
 
 1 . A fallen angel ; the tempter and spiri- 
 tual enemy of mankind. 
 
 Are you a man ? 
 Ay. and a bold'onc, that dare look on that 
 Which might appal the devil. Shuhcsp. 
 
 2. A wicked man or woman. 
 
 See thyself, devil : 
 Proper deformity seems not in ilie fiend 
 So horrid as in woman. SJtakesp. 
 
 3. A ludicrous term for mischief. 
 
 A war of p-roiit mitigates the evil ; 
 But to be ta.y'd, and beaten, is iherftci/. Gra»n-t7/t\ 
 
 1. A kind of expletive, expressing won- 
 der or ve.xation. 
 
 The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare ; 
 But wonder bow tlie i(cri( they got there ! Pope. 
 
 T). A kind of ludicrous negative in an ad- 
 verbial sense. 
 
 The devil was well, the devil a monk was he. 
 
 A Proverb. 
 
 De'vilish. adj. [from devil.'] 
 
 1 . Partaking of the qualities of the devil ; 
 diabolical ; mischievous ; malicious ; de- 
 structive. 
 Uynecia mistrusted greatly Cecropia, because 
 
 D E V 
 
 she had heard much of the deirUuh wickedness of 
 her heart. Sidney. 
 
 For grief thereof and deviiuh despight, 
 From his infernal furnace forth he threw 
 
 Huce flames, that dimmed all the lieaven's light, 
 Enrolrd in duskish sraukc and brimstone blue. 
 
 Spenter. 
 
 He trains hUHtcUiih engin'ry, impal'd 
 t^nev'rv side with slmdowy squadrons deep. MUt. 
 
 2. Having communfC^ition with the deviK 
 
 The duchess, by his subornation. 
 Upon my life began her devilish practices. Shak. 
 
 3. An epithet of abhorrence or contempt, 
 
 A dfrdiih knave ! besides, the knave is hand- 
 some, young, and biyth ; all tliose requisites are 
 in him that delight. " Shakesp. 
 
 4. Excessive : in a ludicrous sense. 
 Thy hair and heard are of a different dye. 
 
 Short of a foot, distorted of an eye ; 
 
 With aiJ these tokens of *a knave complete, 
 
 If thou art honest, thou 'rt adei'i7i*/icheat. Addis. 
 
 Devilishly, adv. [from devilish.'] In 
 a manner suiting the devil ; diabolically. 
 Those trumpeters threatened them with conti- 
 nual alarms of danmaiion, if they did not ven- 
 ture life, fortune, and all, in that which wickedly 
 and devilishty those impostors called tlie cause if 
 God. ifvuth. 
 
 De'vilkin. n. s. [from devil.] A little 
 devil. Clarissa, 
 
 Devious, adj. [divius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Out of the common track. 
 Creusa kept behiud : by choice we stray 
 
 Tlirou<:h ev'ry dark and e%'ry* devious way. Dryd, 
 In this minute rfeWoKS subject, I have been ne- 
 cessitated to explain myself in more words than 
 may seem needful. lioUkr 
 
 2. Wandering ; roving ; rambling. 
 
 Every muse. 
 And every blooming pleasure, wait without 
 
 To bless the wildly dtiioiis morning walk. Hioms. 
 
 3. Erring: going astray from rectitude. 
 One devious step, at first setting out, frequently 
 
 leads a person into a wilderness of doubt and 
 
 error. Ciarissii. 
 
 Some lower muse, perhaps, who lightly treads 
 
 The e/erwui paths wlierc wanton fancy leads. Raiu. 
 
 4. It is used likewise of persons. Roving ; 
 idly vagrant; erring from the way. 
 
 To DE\ i'SE. r. a. [deviser, Fr. as of df- 
 visare to look about. Skinner.] 
 
 1. To contrive; to form by art; to in- 
 vent ; to excogitate ; to strike out by 
 thought. 
 
 \\ hether they, at their first coming into the 
 land, or afterwards, by trading with other nations 
 which had letters, learned them of them, or de- 
 vised them among themselves, is very doubtful. 
 
 Spciiser's State t^' Irelatul. 
 
 He could by his skill draw after him the weight 
 of five thousand bushels of grain, and devise tho^e 
 rare engines which shot small stones at hand, hut 
 great ones afar olT. Peacham. 
 
 Ye sons of art, one curious piece decisef 
 From w hose constructure motion shall arise. 
 
 Blackmt'rt. 
 
 2. To plan ; to scheme. 
 
 Behnid I frame evil against you, Bnd devise a 
 device against you. Jer. xiii. 1!. 
 
 To Devi'se. r. n. To consider; to con- 
 trive ; to lay plans ; to form i>chemes : 
 anciently with of. 
 
 Her nierry fit she freshly 't:an to rear. 
 And did of "joy and jollity devise. 
 Herself to cherish aiid her gue>l to chear. Furry (J. 
 
 Bat silh now >afe ye seized have the shore. 
 And well arrived are, high God he blest. 
 Let us devise of v:isc and everlasting rest. Fairy Q. 
 
 Since we aie so far entered, let U5, I pray you, 
 a little devise of those evils by which thit country 
 is held in this wretched case, that it rannoi, as 
 you say, he recured. Spenser's Ireland. 
 
 Devise but how vou'II use him when he comes, 
 and let us two dease tu bring hiiu ihjther. Shok. 
 
 511
 
 D E V 
 
 Devi'se. n. s. [divise, a will, old Fr.] 
 
 1. 'I lie act of giving or bequeathing by 
 will. 
 
 'J'his word is properly attribtit<'d, in our com- 
 moil l.iw, to liirn tl.at iii-iinratlis his goods bv his 
 last will or trsIaiiit'iU in vvriling ; and the rt-a'-oii 
 is, bi-caiisf those that now apperlain only to the 
 devisour, by this act are distributed into nianv 
 parti. Cmcl'l. 
 
 The elienatinn is made by devise in a last will 
 onl_\, and the third part of these profits is theie 
 deiuandable. Locke. 
 
 2. Contrivance. See Device. 
 
 God hath omitted nothing needful to liis pur- 
 pose, nor left his intention to be aeconiplislied 
 by our devises. Hooker. 
 
 To Devi'se. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 . grant by will. A law term. 
 
 Devisee', n. .1. lie to whom something 
 is bcciiieathed by will. 
 
 Devi'ser. n. s. [from devise.^ A con- 
 triver ; an inventer. 
 
 Being divided from trutli in t)ietuselve5, tltey 
 are yet farllier removed by advcnieut deception ; 
 for true it is, if 1 say they are daily mocked into 
 errour by demsen. ' Broun. 
 
 Tlie aulliors of useful Inventions, tlie devisers 
 of wholesome laws, as were the philosophers of 
 anticnt times, were honoured as the fathers and 
 prophets of their country. Grew. 
 
 Devi'sour. n. s. He that gives by will. 
 
 See Devise. 
 DE'VITABLE. adj. [dnitahiUs, Lat.] 
 
 Possible to be avoided ; avoidable. 
 Devita'tion. n. s. [dcvifatio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of escaping or avoiding. Diet. 
 
 Devo'id. adj. [viiide, Fr.] 
 
 1. Empty ;. vacant ; void. 
 
 When I awoke and found her place devoid, 
 Aiui jiouglu but pressed grass where she had lyen, 
 I sorrow'd all so much as earst 1 joy'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. Without any thing, whether good or 
 evil ; free from ; in want of. 
 
 He flunp it from him, and devoid of dread 
 Upon him lightly leaped without heed. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 That the soul and angels arc devoid of quantity 
 and dimension, and that they have nothing to do 
 with proper locality, is generally opiiiioned. 
 
 Glanville. 
 The motion of this chariot will still be easier as 
 it ascends higher, till at lcni;th it shall become ut- 
 terly demid of gravity, when the least strength 
 will be able to bestow upon it a swift motion. 
 
 Wilkin's Malh.Magick. 
 His warlike mind, bis soul devoid of fear. 
 His high designing thoughts w<re figur'd there, 
 As when, by niagick, ghosts are made appear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 We Tyrians are not so devoid of sense, 
 Nor so remote from Pliujbus' influence. Dryden. 
 Devo'ir. n. s. [devoir, Fr.] 
 
 1. Service. A sense now not used. 
 
 To restore aL'ain the kingdom of the Mama- 
 lukes, he olfered him their utmost devoir and ser- 
 vice. ^ _ _ Knolles. 
 
 2. Act of civility or obse'|uiousness. 
 
 Gentlemen, who do not ('esign to marry, yet 
 pay their (lt|jiiir.s to one particular fair. Spectator. 
 
 Aakward and supple, eacii devoir to pay, 
 .She flatters her good lady !%■. ice a-day. Pope. 
 To DEVO'EVE. v. a. [devolvo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To roll dov;;. 
 
 I'hro' splendid kingdoms he devolves his maze. 
 Now wanders uihl through solitary tracts 
 Of life-deserled sand. ' T'lolHson. 
 
 2. To move from one hand to anotl .r. 
 
 Upon the duke of Oruinnd the king lu>d wholly 
 devolved the care and disposition of u!I atfairs in 
 Ireland. Templr. 
 
 Because they found too much confusion in such 
 
 1) E V 
 
 n mnltitiide of statesmen, thev devnlred their whole 
 authority' intu the iidiiils of the council of stxly. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 The whole power, at home and abroad, was de- 
 wlied upon ihjit family- Sirift. 
 
 'J'he matter wliich dewties from the hills down 
 upon the lower grounds, does not considerably 
 rai^e and au|>nient (hem. Woodward. 
 
 To DEVOi.VE. v.n. 
 
 1. To roll down. 
 
 "2. To fall in succession info new hands. 
 
 Snp] oslnu; people, by «antinu sjiiritual bless- 
 ings, did lose all ilieir rifjlit to temporal, yel th;it 
 forfeiture must dctvlvt: oU'Ty to the supieme Lord. 
 Vectn/ of Piety. 
 
 Devolu'tion. w. s. [devoiutio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of rollhii:^ down. 
 
 The raising of new mountains, deterrations, or 
 the devolution of eartli tiown upon tiie valleys Irora 
 the hjlls and high grounds, will fall under our con- 
 sideration. iVoodicurd. 
 
 2. Removal successive from hand to lumd. 
 
 The jurisdiction exercised in those courtb is de- 
 rived from the crown of Eng Ian I, an 1 1 tlie last c/^ri- 
 httion is to the king by way of appeal. Hale. 
 
 Devora'tion. n. s, [devoro, Lat.] The 
 
 act of devouring. Diet. 
 
 To DEVO'TE. V, a, [dfuoveOj devotus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To dedicate; to consecrate ; to appro- 
 priate by vow. 
 
 No devoted thing tliat a man shall devote unto the 
 Lord, of all that he hath, both of man and beast, 
 and of tlie field of his possession, shall be sold 
 or redeemed. Lev. xxvii. 2L 
 
 What black magician conjures up this fiend. 
 To stop devoted charitable deeds? Hhakcsp. 
 
 They, impious, dar'd to prey 
 On herds devoted to the gi.d of day. Pope. 
 
 2. To addict ; as to a sect, or study. 
 
 While wc du admire 
 This virtue and this mural disci|)line. 
 Let 's be no stoicks, nor no stacks, I pray ; 
 Or so devote to Aristotle's checks, 
 As Ovid be an outcast (pijte abjur'd. Shnkcsp. 
 If persons of this make should ever devote them- 
 selves to science, they should lie well assured of a 
 solid and strong constitution of body. ]Vatis. 
 
 3. To condemn ; to resign to ill. 
 
 Aliens were devoted to their rapine and despight. 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Ah wliy, Penelope, this causeless fear. 
 To render sleep's soft blessings insincere? 
 Alike devote to sorrow's dire extreme 
 Tlie day reflection and tlie midnight dream. Pope. 
 
 4. To addict ; to give up to ill. 
 
 The Romans having once debauched their senses 
 with the pleasures uf other nations, they devoted 
 themselves unto all wickedness. Crew. 
 
 5. To curse ; to execrate ; to doom to de- 
 struction. 
 
 I fly 
 Those wicked tents dei'otcd ; lest the wrath 
 Impendent, raging into sudden tlame, 
 Distinguish not. ^ Milton. 
 
 To destruction sacred, and devote^ 
 He. with his whole posterity must die. Milton. 
 Goddess of maids, and conscious of our liearts, 
 So keep me from the vengeance of thy darts. 
 Which Kiobe's devoted issue felt, 
 When, hissing through the skies, tlie feather'd 
 deaths were dealt. Drydtn. 
 
 Let her, like me, of ev'ry joy forlorn, 
 Devote the hour when such a wretch was born ; 
 Like me to deserts and to darkness run. Howe. 
 Devote, adj. Tor devoted. 
 
 IIow on a sudden lost, 
 D''fac'd, deflower'd, and now to death deintc! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Devo'tedness. n.s. [from dtvofe.] The 
 state of being devoted or dedicated ; 
 consecration ; addictedness. 
 
 Whatever may full tVom my pen to her disad- 
 vantage, relates to her but as she was, or may 
 
 D E V 
 
 again be, an obstacle to your devotedncss to sera- 
 phick love. ^ Boyle. 
 
 The owning of our obligation unto virtue, may 
 be styled nalural religion; that is to say, a d«- 
 votfdness unto God, 30 as to act according to his 
 will. ( reie. 
 
 Devotee', n. «. [dtvot, Fr.] One erro- 
 neously or superstitiously religious; a 
 
 bigot. 
 DEVO'IION. n.s. [devotion, Fr, de- 
 votiOy Lat.] 
 
 1. The state of being consecrated or de- 
 dicated. 
 
 2. Piety ; acts of religion ; devoutness. 
 Meantime her warlike brother on the seas 
 
 His waving streamers to the winds dis[)lavs. 
 And vows for his return witli vain devotion pays, 
 
 Drydem, 
 
 3. An act of external Avorship. 
 
 I'eligions minds are uitlaiued with the love of 
 publick devotion. Hooker. 
 
 For as I passed by and beheld your devotion^ 1 
 found an altar with this inscription, To tiie un- 
 known God. Acts, xvii. 23. 
 
 In vain doth man the name of just expect. 
 If his devotions he to God neglect. Denham^ 
 
 4. Prayer ; expression of devotion. 
 
 An aged holy man. 
 That day and night said his devotion, 
 No other worldly business did apply. 
 
 Fairy Qveen. 
 Your devotjetn has its opportnnity : we must 
 pray always, but chiefly at certain tmics. 
 
 Sprotl. 
 
 5. The state of the mind under a strong 
 sense of dependence upon God; de- 
 votitness ; piety. 
 
 Gratefvd to acknowledge whence his good 
 Descends, thither with heart, and voice, and eye* 
 Directed '\n deiHttion, to adore 
 And worship Gud supreme, who made him chief 
 Of all his works. Miltoru 
 
 From the full choir when loud hosannas rise, 
 And swell the i)omp of dreadful sacrifice; 
 Amid that scene, if some relenting eye 
 Glance on the stone where our cold reliques lie. 
 Devotion's self shall steal a thought from heav'n. 
 One human tear shall drop, and be forgiv'n. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Devoticn may be considered either as an exercise 
 of publick or private prayers at set times and oc- 
 casions, or as a temper of the mind, a state and 
 disposition of the heart, which is rightly ati'ected 
 with such exercises. Law on Chri.'^t's Perfection. 
 
 6. An act of reverence, respect, or cere- 
 mony. 
 
 Whither away so fast? 
 — Upon the like devotion as yourselves, 
 To gratulate the gentle princes there. Shahesp. 
 
 7. Strong affection ; ardent love ; such 
 as makes the lover the sole property of 
 the person loved. 
 
 Be opposite all planets of good luck 
 To my proceeding, if, with pure heart's love. 
 Immaculate devotion, holy thoughts, 
 I tender not thy beauteous princely daughter. 
 
 Shuhegp. 
 
 He had a particular reverence for the person of 
 the king, and the more extraordinary devotion for 
 that of the prince, as he had had tlie honour to 
 be trusted with Ids education. Clarendon. 
 
 8. Earnestness; arddur ; eagerness. 
 
 He seeks their hate with greater devotion than 
 they can render it him ; and leaves nothing undone 
 that may fully discover him their opposite. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 9. Disposal ; power ; . state of dependence 
 on any one. 
 
 Arundel castle would keep that rich corner of 
 the cnunlry at his majesty's devotion. Clarendon. 
 
 Devo'tional. adj. [from devotion.] 
 Pertaining to devotion ; annexed to 
 worship ; religious. 
 
 bl2
 
 D E V 
 
 Nor nre the soberest of them so apt for that df- 
 totiotuil cnni|iluiuce ami juncture of hearts, wliich 
 1 desire to bear in lioly offices, to be |)erformei| 
 ■with me. A'in» Charles. 
 
 The favourable opiiiimi and giHKl word of men 
 comes oftcnlinies at a very easy rau-, hv a few de- 
 mure looks, with sonic deivtiitiud postures and gri- 
 maces. Siiulh. 
 
 Devo'tionalist. n. s. [from devotion.] 
 A man zealous witliout knowledge; su- 
 perstitioiisly devout. 
 
 To DEVO'UR. V. a. [devoro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To oat up ravenously, as a wild beast or 
 animal of prey. 
 
 We will say some evil beast hath deiaiued him. 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 We've willini; dames enough : there caniioi he 
 That vulture irryou, to devour so many 
 As will (o greatness dedicate themselves. 
 Finding it so inclin'd. Shakesp. 
 
 So looks Ihc pent up lion o'er the wretch 
 That trembles under liis deimiriiig paws. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To destroy or consume with rapidity 
 and violence. 
 
 A fire devo\ireth before them, and beliind them 
 a flame burnetii. Jnel, ii- 3. 
 
 How dire a tempest from Mycenje pour'd. 
 Our plains, our temples, and our town devour'd ; 
 It was Ihc waste nf war. Vryden. 
 
 Notwithstanding that Socrates lived in the time 
 of ihU devouring pestilence at Athens, he never 
 caught the least infection. Addison. 
 
 3. To swallow up ; to anniliilate. 
 
 }Tc secni'd in swiftness to devour tlie way. Shuk. 
 
 Such a pleasure as grows fresher upon enjoy- 
 ment ; and iliough continually fed upon, yet is 
 never devoured. South. 
 
 Death stalks behind thee, and each flying hour 
 Docs some loose remnant of thy life devour. Dryd. 
 
 4. To enjoy with avidity. 
 
 Longing )hey look, and gaping at the siglit. 
 Detour Iter o'er and o'er with vast delight. Dryd. 
 
 Devo'urer. n. s. [from divovr.] A con- 
 sumer; he that devours; he that preys 
 upon. 
 
 Rome is but a wilderness of tygcrs ; 
 Tygcrs must jney, and Rome all'ords no prey 
 But nie and mine : how happy ari thou, then. 
 From these devourers to be b.inislu-d ! ShakcJtp. 
 
 Since those leviathans are withdrawn, the lesser 
 devimren supply their place; fraud succeeds to 
 violence. Decay of Piely. 
 
 Carp and tench do best together, all other fish 
 being devnurtrs of their spawn. Mortimer. 
 
 DKVO'UT. ndj. [dcvotus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Pious; religious; devoted to holy duties. 
 
 We must he constant and devout in the worship 
 of our God, and ready in all acts of benevolence 
 to our neighbour. Fogers. 
 
 2. Filled with pious thoufjhts. 
 
 For this, with soul decout, he ihank'd the god; 
 And, of success secure, return'd to his abode. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 3. Expressive of devotion or piety. 
 
 Anon dry ground appears, and from his ark 
 The ancient sire descends with all his train ; 
 Then with uplifted bauds, and eyes devout, 
 Gruteful to heav'n. Milton. 
 
 Devo'utly. flrfi'. [from divotit.] Piously; 
 
 with ardent devotion ; relijiiously. 
 
 Her grace rose, and with modest paces 
 Came to the altar, where she kneel'd ; and saint- 
 like 
 Cast her fair eyes to heav'n, and pray'd devoutly. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 One of the wise men having awhile attentively 
 
 and (/etmit/v viewed and contemplated this pillar 
 
 and cross, fell down upon his face. Bacon. 
 
 Her twilights were more clear than our mid-day. 
 
 She dreamt uevoutlier thsn most use to ptay. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 DEW 
 
 Think, O my soul, devoutly think, 
 
 liow, with aiVrighled eyes, 
 Thou saw'st the wide extended deep 
 
 In all it' horrors rise ! , Addison. 
 
 To second causes we seem to trust, without ex- 
 pressing, so nti^iitty as we ought to do, our dc- 
 pendance on the first. Atterbury. 
 
 DkuSE. n. s. [more properly than diure, 
 Ju7iius, from fJu.iius, the name of a 
 certain species of evil spirits.] The 
 devil: a ludicrous word. 
 
 'Twas the prettiest prologue, as he wrote it ; 
 V\ ell, the deuce take nie if I ha'n't forgot it. 
 
 - Cdiitrrfre. 
 
 DEUTERO'GAMY.?/.S.[Jfi/'Tip©'aildyafi®-.] 
 A second marriage. iJtct. 
 
 Deuteronomy, n. s. [hCn^^- »C'f4®'-] 
 The second book of the law ; the fifth 
 book of iVloses. 
 Deutero'scopy. n. s. [iiir!^&- and 
 o-xoir/ai.] 'I'he second intention ; the 
 meaning beyond the literary sense ; not 
 in use. 
 
 Niit:iliaining the (iei/(fi-rarf7iv, or second inten- 
 tion of the words, tliey are fain to omit their con- 
 sequences, coherences', figures, or tro(iulogies. 
 
 Urouii's Vulg. J-.'iT. 
 DEW. n. s. [beap. Sax. dmnv, Dut.] The 
 moisture upon the groiuid. 
 
 Fogs wliich we frequently observe after sun-set- 
 ting, even in our holiest nionllis, are nothing but 
 a vapour consisting of water ; which v^ipour was 
 sent up in greater quantity all the foregoing day, 
 than now m the evening: but the sun then being 
 abi ve the horizon, laking it at the surface of the 
 earth, and rapidly mounting it up into the atmo- 
 sphere, it was not discemibre : the sun being now 
 gone olT, the vapour stagnates at and near the 
 earlh, and saturates the air till it is so thick as to 
 be easily visible therein : and when at length the 
 heat there is somewhat further spent, which is 
 usually about the middle of the night, it falls down 
 again "in a ufu', alighting upon herbs and other 
 vegetables, which it'chcrishes, cools, and refreshes. 
 
 It'utitiifart/. 
 Never yet one hour in bed 
 Did I enjoy the golden deiv of sleep. 
 But wilh Ills tini rous dreams was still awak'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 That churchman bears a bounteous mind, in- 
 deed ; 
 A hand as frnilful as the land that feeds us ; 
 His dew falls ev'ry where. Shakesp. 
 
 She looks as clear 
 As morning roses newly wash'd with dem. Shak. 
 Dews and rain are 6ut the returns of m is| fa- 
 pours condensed. Baron. 
 
 Now sliding streams the thirsty plants renew, 
 And feed Iheir fibres wilh reviving dew. Pope. 
 
 To Dew. v. a. [from the noun.] To wet 
 as with dew; to moisten ; to bedew. 
 
 A trickling stream of b.ilm im st sovereign. 
 And daintv dear, which on the ground still fell. 
 And overfiowed all the fertile plain. 
 As it had dewed been with timely rain. F. Queen. 
 
 Wilh him pour we in our couiitry's purge 
 Each drop of us. 
 
 Or so much as it needs 
 
 To dew the sovereign flower, and drown the weeds. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Give me thy hand. 
 That I may deu< it with my" mournful tears. Shak. 
 
 He ccas'd ; discerning Adam with such joy 
 
 Purcharg'd, as had, like grief, been rfeie'J in tears. 
 
 Without the vent of words, which these he 
 
 breath'd. Milton. 
 
 I'ah'inon above the rest appears 
 
 In sable garments, deui'd with gusliing tears. 
 
 Dryden. 
 In Gallick blood again 
 He iffii'shis reeking sword, and strows the ground 
 With headless ranks. Philips. 
 
 Dewberry, n. s. [from dew and btTii/.] 
 
 DEW 
 
 Diwherrifs, as they stand Iiere among the more 
 delicate fruit«, niu5t be undcr'df.od lo mean las- 
 berries, which are also of the bramble kind 
 
 Hanmer. 
 Feed him wilh apricocks and deuberrta. 
 With purple grapes, green fig9, and mulberriei. 
 
 Shahap. 
 
 Dewbesprf/nt. pnrf. [dew and bC' 
 sprint.] Sprinkled with dew. 
 
 This evriiitip latp, by lht*n the chewing flocki 
 Had laVii ihcir supper on thf savoury herb 
 Of knol-trass dcuhe^prent . and were in fold, 
 I sat iiie donn to walch up(»n a bank 
 V* ith ivy cunopicd, and in'erwove 
 With tlauriting boney-iucklc. Milton 
 
 Dew-bi:rning. adj, [from dna and 
 buyninf^.] The meaning of lliis com- 
 pound is doubtful. Perhaps it alludes 
 to the sparkling of <lew. 
 
 He, n w to prove his late renewed might, 
 Hifjli brniidi>hing hi** bright rf^ic-tMmino^ blade, 
 
 Cpun his crcMed scalp *o sort* did smite. 
 Thai lo tiie cull a3awning wound it made. 
 
 fairy Queen, 
 
 De'wdrop. w. s. [dew and drop.] A drop 
 of dew which sparkles at sun-rise. 
 
 I must go seek some dewdrnjys here. 
 And iiung a pearl in every cowslip's ear. Shahap, 
 
 An iKist 
 Innunicrahlc as the stars of nijiht, 
 Or stars of niornine, deudrojts, which the sun 
 Inipearls ou ev'ry leaf, and ev'ry flower. Milton. 
 
 lU'sl, swci't as d€udro}ts on the flow'ry lawns, 
 AVhcn the sky opens, and the murning dawns! 
 
 l^ickeU. 
 
 De'wlap. n. 5. [from lapping or licki 
 the dtiv.] 
 
 1. The flesh that hangs down from the 
 
 throat of oxen. 
 
 Large rowlcs of fat about bis shoulders slung. 
 And from bis neck l)ic double dcwiap bung. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 2. It is used in Shakespeare £ot ?i\vp ^viccid 
 
 with age, in contempt. 
 And sometimes lurk I in a gossip's bowl. 
 
 In very likeness of a roasted crab ; 
 
 Aud when she drinks against her lips I bob, 
 
 A[id on the witlier'd deuiap pour tlie ale. Skak, 
 
 De'wlapt. adj. [^roxn deic lap.] Furnish- 
 ed with dewlaps. 
 
 Wbowould believe that there were mountaineers 
 Dculiipt like bulls, whose throats had hanging at 
 
 'em 
 Wallets of flesh > Shakesp. 
 
 The deulapt bull now chases along the plain. 
 While burning love ferments in ev'ry vein. Gay. 
 
 Dew-worm. n. s. [from dew and tvorm,] 
 A worm found in dew. 
 
 For the troifct, the dew u'<trmf which some call 
 the lub worm, and the brandling, are the chief. 
 
 }Valt<m. 
 DeVy. adj. [fl'om dew] 
 
 1. Resembling dew; partaking of dew. 
 
 From the car h a dewy mist 
 Went up. and watcr'd all the ground, and each 
 Plant of the field. MiUon. 
 
 Where two adverse winds, 
 Sublim'd from deu-if vapours in mid sky, 
 Kiii^age with horrid shock, the ruffled brine 
 lloars slormy. Philips, 
 
 2. Moist with dew ; roscid. 
 
 The iovoiis day 'can early to rippear, 
 And fair".-\nrora from her d'ewv bea 
 
 Of ai;rd Tilhone 'pan her>elf to rear. 
 With rosy cheeks, for shame as bluslting red. 
 
 Spenser 
 The bee with honied tbigti. 
 
 That at her flow'ry work doth sing, 
 
 And the waters murmurinc, 
 
 A\ ilh awch consort as they keep, 
 
 Entice the dewy fealhcr'd sleep. MOum. 
 
 3 U 513
 
 D I A 
 
 His dewy locks distiU'd 
 
 Ambrosia. Milton. 
 
 _ Besides tlip succour wliich cold Ancien yields, 
 
 The rocks of Hcmicus and dcwu iields. Drydtn. 
 
 DEXTER, adj. [Lat.] The right / not 
 
 the left. A term used in heraldry. 
 
 My niothtr's blood 
 Rutis on the dcrter check, and this sinister 
 Bounds in mv sire's. Shakesp. 
 
 DE\ TEUli Y. w. s. [dixhritas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Readiness of limbs ; activity ; readiness 
 to attain skill ; skill ; expertness. 
 
 2. Readiness of conlrivance; quickness of 
 expedient ; skill of management. 
 
 His wisdom, b^' oftcti evadiii;^ from [lerils, was 
 turned ratiitr into a dexterity to deliver hinisell 
 from dangers, when the_y pressed him, tlian into 
 a providence to prevent and remove them afar olV. 
 
 Tliey attempted to be knaves, but wanted art 
 and deitcrity. South. 
 
 The same Protestants may, bv their deiteritij, 
 make themselves the national rel:]iion, and disoose 
 the church-revenues among their pastors. Su-ift. 
 
 De'xterous. adj. [dtxiej-, Lat.] 
 
 1. Expert at any manual employment; 
 active ; ready : as, a dexftroiis workman. 
 
 For both their deit'rous hands the lance could 
 wield. Pope. 
 
 2. Expert in management; subtle; full of 
 expedients. 
 
 Tlicy confine th;.'msclve5, and are dexterous ma- 
 nagers enough of the wares and products of tliat 
 corner with wiiich they content themselves. Locke. 
 
 De'xterously. adv. [from dexterous.] 
 Expertly; skillfidly; artfully. 
 
 The n)agistrate 5om»;tinics cannot do his own 
 office deilerouUii, but by acting the minister. South. 
 
 But then my'study was to cug the dice, 
 And dexterously to throw the lucKy sice. Dryden. 
 
 Dk'xtkal. adj, [dexter, L-Ai.] The right; 
 not the left. 
 
 As for any tunicles or skins, which should liinder 
 the liver from enabling the dextraL parts, we must 
 not conceive it ditVuseth its virtue by mere irradia- 
 tion, but b^' its veins and j)r(;per vessels. 
 
 Brouns ^ulg. Krr. 
 Dextra'lity. n. s. [from dextrai.] The 
 state of being on the right, not the left, 
 side. 
 
 If there were a determinate prepotency in the 
 right, and such as ariseth from a constant root in 
 nature, we might expect the same in other ani- 
 mals, whose parts are also diiierenced by dextrality. 
 Brown's T ulg. Krr. 
 
 Diaee'tes. n. s. [^laCcct]*]^.] A morbid 
 copiousness of urine; a fatal colliqiia- 
 tion by the urinary passages. 
 
 An increase of that secretion may accompany the 
 general colliquations •, as in Huxes, hectic sweats 
 and coughs, diabetes, and otlier consumptions. 
 
 Dcrhatns Physico-Theology. 
 
 Diabo'lical. \fl<//. [hom diabolus, Lat.] 
 
 Diabo'lick. J Devilish; partaking of 
 
 the qualities of the devil ; impious; 
 
 atrocious; nefarious; pertaining to the 
 
 devil. 
 
 This, in other beasts observ'd, 
 Doubt might beget of diaholick pow'r, 
 Active wiihin, beyond the sense of brute. Milton. 
 Does not the ambitious, the envious, and lln.' 
 revengeful man know very well, that the thirst of 
 blood, and ati'ectation of dominion by violence and 
 oppres'idn, is a most diuto/ica/ outrage upon i he 
 laws of God and Nature? L' Estrange. 
 
 Tlio [>ractice of lying is adiahnlical exercise, and 
 they that use it are the devil's children. 7?(ji/. 
 
 liamned spirits must needs be all envy, des}>iiir, 
 and rage ; and have so much of a diahoiical nature 
 in them, as to wish all men to share their misery. 
 
 AtUrbury. 
 
 D I A 
 
 DIACO'DTUM. n. s, [^.«xr;J^*«r.] The 
 
 syrup of poppies. 
 DiAco'usTics. n. J?. [^(ttxtfrtKK.] The 
 
 doctrine of sounds. 
 Dl'ADEM. n. «. [diadcma, Lat.] 
 
 1. A tiara; an ensio^n of royalty bound 
 about the head of eastern monarchs, 
 
 'i he sacred diudem m pieces rent, 
 And purple robe gored with luany a wound. 
 
 Spenser. 
 A list the cohlers' temples ties. 
 To keep the hair out of tlieir eyes ; 
 From whence 'tis plai.i the diadem. 
 That princes wear, derives from them. Su-ift. 
 
 2. The mark of royalty worn on the head ; 
 the crown. 
 
 A c^o^v■n, 
 Golden in shew, is hut a wreath of thorns ; 
 Brings dangers, trouMcs, cares and sleepless nichts. 
 To him who wears the regal diadem. Miltou. 
 
 Why should he ravish then {\vAt diadem 
 Froinyour t:rry temi>Ies, which the hand of time 
 JMusf shortly plant on his ? Dcnham. 
 
 Facli<*n, that once made diadems her prey, 
 And sfo|)t our prince in his triumphant way, 
 Fled like a mist before this radiant day. Poscom. 
 
 Di'ademed. ^/rf/. [from ^/iV;fA;;i.] Adorn- 
 ed witli a diadem; crowned. 
 
 Not so, when dindem'd with rays divine, 
 Touch'd with the flame that breaks from virtue's 
 
 shrine, 
 Her priestless muse forbids the good to die, 
 And opes the temple of eternity. Pope. 
 
 Di'adrom. w. s. [^ia^^o/A6w.] The time in 
 which any motion is performed ; the 
 time in which a pendulum performs its 
 vibration. 
 
 A gry is one tenth of a line, a line one tentli of 
 an inch, an inch one tentli of a pidlosophical foot, 
 a philosophical foot one third of a pendulum ; 
 whose diadroms, in the latitude of forty-live de- 
 grees, are each ecjual to one second of time, or a 
 sixtieth of a minute. Locke. 
 
 Di^'resis. n. s. [Jt*ig(a-K.] The separa- 
 tion or disjunction of syllables; as ah\ 
 DiAGNo'sTiCK. n. s. [^iayifuaKa).] A symp- 
 tom by which a disease is distinguished 
 from others. 
 
 I shall lay down some indisputable marks of 
 this vice, that whenever we see the tokens, we 
 may conclude the plague is in the house :— let us 
 hear your diagnosticks. Cottier on Pride. 
 
 One of our ph^ sicians proved di3ai)pointed of 
 liis prognosticks, or rather diagnosticks. 
 
 Harvey i)7i Consumptions. 
 
 DIA'GONAL. adj. [^^ay^Jr*^.] Reaching 
 from one angle to another, so as to di- 
 vide a parallelogram into equal parts. 
 
 The monstro&ity of the badger is ill-contrived, 
 and with some disadvantage ; the shortness being 
 filed into llie legs of one side, that might have 
 been more properly placed upon the diagonal 
 movers. Broum's Vulg. Errours. 
 
 AH sorts of stone composed of granules, will cut 
 and rive in any direction, as well m a perpendicu- 
 lar, or mudia'^onal, as horizontally and parallel to 
 the side of the strata. Woodward. 
 
 Dia'gonal. n. s. [from the adjective.] A 
 line drawn from angle to angle, and di- 
 viding a square into equal parts. 
 
 When a man has in his mind the idea of two 
 lines, viz. the side and dmo-nna/of a square, whereof 
 t!ie diagonal is an inch lontr, he may have the idea 
 also of . he division of that line into a certain num- 
 ber of equal parts. Locke. 
 
 Dia'gonally. adv. [from diago7ial.] In 
 a diagonal direction. 
 
 The right and left are not defined by philoso- 
 phers according to common acceptance, that is, 
 respectively from one man unto another, or any 
 
 D I A 
 
 constant site In each, as though that should be the 
 rijiht in one, which, upon cunfiont or facing, stand* 
 atnwart or diagonally unto the other ; but were div 
 tinguishcd according unto their activity, and pre- 
 dominant locomotion, on the either side. 
 
 BroinLs I n/g-. Err, 
 
 Di'AGRAM. n. s. [^tKy^ctixfjLcc.] A delinea- 
 tion of geometrical figures ; a mathema- 
 tical scheme. 
 
 Many a fair precept in poelry is like a seeming 
 dcmonsiration in the uiatherualicks ; very specioui 
 in the diagram, but failing in the mechanick ojie- 
 ralion. Drydtn. 
 
 Why do not these persons make a diagram of 
 these cogitative lines and angles, and demonstrate 
 tlieir [Hoperties of perception and appetite, as 
 plainly as we know the other properties (yf tri- 
 angles and circles? Bcntley^ 
 
 Di agry'di ATES. 7t. s. [from diagrj/dium, 
 Lat.] Strong purgatives made with 
 diagrydium. 
 
 All chnlerick humours ought to he evacuated 
 by diagrijdiatts, mixed with tartar, or some acid, 
 or rhubarb powder. t'hiter. 
 
 Dl'AL. 71. s. [diule, Skiimer.'] A plate 
 marked with lines, where a hand or 
 shadow shows the hour. 
 
 O, gcntlniien, the time of life is short : 
 To spend that shortness basely were too long. 
 Though life did ride upon a diai\ point 
 Still ending at th' arrival of ati hour. 
 
 Simkcsp. Henry TV. 
 If the motion be very slow, wt perceive it nut : 
 we have no sense of the accretive motion of plants 
 or animals : and the sly shadow steals away upon 
 the diaif and the siuickest eye can discover ny 
 more than that it is gone. Glanville. 
 
 DiAL-VLATE. n. 5. [dial awd pi ate. 1 That 
 on which hours or lines are marked. 
 
 Slrada tells us that the two friends, being each 
 of them possessed of a magneiical needb, made 
 a kind of dial-plate, inscribing it with the four 
 and twenty letters, in the same manner as the 
 hours of the day are marked upon the ordinary 
 dial-plate. Addison s Spe.ctatiri\ 
 
 OrALECT. n. s. ^J.a^.K1®^.] 
 
 1. The subdivision of a language ; as the 
 Attic, Doric, Ionic, jEolic dialects. 
 
 2. Style; manner of expression. 
 
 When themselves do practi se that whereof thej 
 write, tiiey change their tluiUct ; and those words 
 they shu;i, as if there were in tiiem some secret 
 sting. Hooker. 
 
 3. Language ; speech. 
 
 In her youth 
 There is a prone and speeclilcss dialect^ 
 Sucll as moves men. Shakesp. Mcas. for Meas. 
 
 If the conferring of a kindness did not bind tlie 
 person npon whom it was conferred to the re- 
 tiirns of gratitude, why, in tlie universal dialect 
 of the world, are kindnesses still called obliga- 
 tions ? SoiUh. 
 
 Diale'ctical. adj. [from diakctick.} 
 Logical; argumental. 
 
 Those dialectical subtleties, that the schoolmen 
 employ about physiolngical mysteries, more de- 
 clare the wit of him that uses them, than increase 
 the knowledge of sober lovers of truth. Boyle. 
 
 DlALirCTICK. n.s. [J.aMxI.x.,.] Logick; 
 the art of reasoning. 
 
 Di'ai.ling. n. s. [from dial.] The scia- 
 terick science ; the knowledge of sha- 
 dow ; tlie art of constructing dials on 
 which the shadow may show the hour. 
 
 DiALisT. n. s. [from dial.] A constructer 
 of dials. 
 
 Scientifick dialists, by the gconietrick considera- 
 tions of lines, have found out rules to mark out 
 the irrcpdar niuliou of the shadow in all latitudes, 
 and on all planes, ilotm. 
 
 514
 
 D I A 
 
 Dia'logist. n. s. [from dialog^ue.'] A 
 speaker in a dialof^ue or conference ; a 
 writer of dialogues. 
 
 DIALOGUE. 71. s. [^iuXoy^.] A con- 
 ference; a conversation between two or 
 more, either real or feigned. 
 
 \\ ill you hear the dialogiw tliul ihe two Icarrird 
 men have compilcil in p.aisc of the owl nrul cue 
 
 Oh, tlic iinpiidciice of i hi? wicked sex! Lasci- 
 vious dinlognts are innocent v\iili yuu. 
 
 Drudcii's Spiiiiish I'riitr. 
 In ea^y did hf^'ics is Flt-tciier'^ inaist- ; 
 Re mov d the niJutl, hut had uul pow'i- (u raise. 
 
 Vrydcii. 
 
 To Di'alooue. r. a. [from the noun.^ 
 To discourse with another ; to confer. 
 
 Dosl ditilngite with tliy shaduu'? Shak. Ttman. 
 
 Dialy'sis. n. s. [^t«At;cr*,-.] The figure 
 in rlietorick by which syllables or words 
 are divided. 
 
 DIA'METEK. «. .?. [h^ and /*.'t^ov.] The 
 line which, passini^ tlu-ou^li tiie centre 
 of a circle, or other curvilinear figure, 
 divides it into equal parts. 
 
 The space i>etwcen the earth and the moon, ac- 
 cording to Plok'niy, is seventeen limes the d'ta- 
 iriettr of (he earih, whicli makes, in a pross ac- 
 count, abuut one hundied and twenty ihnusand 
 uiiies. I'ltlei^h. 
 
 The bay of Naples is the most dcli'^lutnl one 
 that I cvtr jaw: it jicb in almost a ruinid ht;ure 
 of about tliirly indus in the diameter. 
 
 Addison oti Italy. 
 
 Dia'metral adj. [{'vom diunictir.] De- 
 scribing the diameter; relating lo the 
 diameter. 
 
 Dia'metkally. rrdv. [from diametral.] 
 According to the direction of a diameter; 
 in direct oj)position. 
 
 Cliristian piety is, biyond all other things, dia- 
 metraUif opposed to profaneness and im|'iety of 
 actions. Hammviui. 
 
 Diamk'trical. adj. [from diameter.] 
 
 1. Describing; a diameter. 
 
 2. Observing the direction of a diameter. 
 
 The sin of caiunniy is set in a nicjst diametrirul 
 
 opposition to the evantielical precept of l-ving 
 
 ».ur neigiibours as ourselves. Gov. nj the Tongue. 
 
 Di AM ETHICALLY, odv. [from diamt' 
 
 (ricaL] In a diametrical direction. 
 
 He persuaded tlie king to consent to what was 
 diametncaUy against his conscience and liis honour, 
 and, in truth, liis security. Clarendon. 
 
 Thus intercepted in 'its passage, the vajiour, 
 which catuiot penetrate the stratum diametrical iy, 
 
 fllides along the lower surface of it, permeating the 
 lorizoiitaf interval, wliicli is betwixt the said 
 dense stratum and that which lies underneath it. 
 
 \Voodu:ard. 
 
 Di'amond. 
 Lat. 
 
 The diamond, the most valuable and hardest of 
 all the gems, is, wiien pure, perfectly cicar and 
 pellucid as the purest water; and is eminently 
 distinguished from all other substances by its vi- 
 vid splendour, and the brightness of its renexions. 
 It is extremely various in shajie and size, being 
 found in the greatest quantity very small, and tlie 
 larger ones extremely seldom met with. The 
 Jsrgest ever known is that in the possession of llie 
 Gieat Mogul, wliich weighs twcj hundred and 
 leventy-nine carats, and is computed to be worth 
 seven hundred and seventy-nine thousand two 
 hundred and forty-four pounds. The diamond 
 bears the foice uf the strongest fires, except tlie 
 concentrated sohir rays, without hurt; and even 
 that infinitely fiercest of all fires does it no injury 
 unless directed to its weaker parts. It hears a 
 glass house fire for many days, and if taken caie- 
 
 w. 5. [diamaiity Fr. adamas, 
 
 D I A 
 
 fully out, und suffered to cool by deprces, is found 
 as bright and beautiful ai* before ; but if taken 
 hastily out, it will souietinies crack, and tvrn 
 split nito two or three pieces. The placeit wl:ere 
 wc have diamonds are the Kast Indies and the iira- 
 ?ils; and though they are u?*ually found clear and 
 colourless, yet they are sometimes slightly linged 
 with the colours o'f the other gems, by the niix- 
 ture of some metalline particles. //((/ w Fossils. 
 
 Give nie the ring of mine you had at <linner ; 
 Or, for the diamond, the chain you proniis'd. 
 
 Sltahesjy. 
 
 I see how thine eye would cnnilate the diamond : 
 thou hast the right arched bent of the brow. 
 
 Slutkfsp. 
 
 The diamond is preferable and vastly superior lo 
 all others in lustre and beauty ; as also ni hard- 
 ness, which renders it more durable and lasting, 
 and therefore much more valuable, than any other 
 stone. Woodward. 
 
 The diamond is by mighty monarchs worn. 
 Fair as the star that" ushers in the morn. Btackm. 
 
 Tlie lively diamond drinks thy purest rays. 
 Collected Ifj'Jit, compact. Tliomson. 
 
 Di'apase. n. s. [^ia iD-atruv.] A chord in- 
 cluding all tones. The old word ibr 
 diapason. See Diapason. 
 
 And 'twixt them both a (juadrant was the base, 
 Proportion'd etjually by seven ami nine; 
 Nine was the circle set in lieaven's place, 
 All which coiijpacted made a good diapaiC. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 The sweet numbers and melodious measures, 
 U ith which I wont the winged words to tie, 
 
 And make a tuneful diajiase of pleasures, 
 Now being let to run at liberty. Spenser. 
 
 DiAPA'SON. «. S, [lia cracrwi'.] 
 
 Diapason denotes a clioid \\liieh includes all 
 tones: it is the same with that we call an eighth, 
 or an octave ; because there arc but seven tones 
 or notes, and then the eighth is the same again 
 wilh llie fir.st. Jhiris. 
 
 It discovercth the true coincidence of sounds 
 into (tinpasons, which is the return of the same 
 sound. Bacon. 
 
 Harsh din 
 Broke the fair uiusick. that all creatures made 
 To tlieir great Lord, whose love their motion 
 
 s\vay'd 
 In perfect *c/'Vf/>c50rt, whilst they stood 
 In first obedience, and their state of good. Milton. 
 
 IVIauv a sweet rise, many as s\vect a fall, 
 A full-mouth diapason swallows all. Crashaw. 
 
 From harmony , from heavenly harmony, 
 'Fliis universal frame began ; 
 
 From harmony to harmony 
 Through all thecompass of the notes it ran. 
 The diapasoji closing full in man. Dryden. 
 
 Dl'APER. n. J. [diapre^ Fr. of uncertain 
 etymology, 
 
 1, Linen cloth woven in flowers, and other 
 figures; the finest species of figured 
 linen after damask. 
 
 Not any damsel, which her vaunteth most 
 In skilful' knitting of soft silken twine; 
 
 Nor any vveaver. whicli his work doth boast 
 In diaper, in damask, or iii lytie, 
 Might in their diverse cunning ever dare 
 With this so curious net-work tu compare, 
 
 Sptnser 
 
 2. A napkin ; a towel 
 
 Let one attend him with a silver bason 
 Full of rose-water, and hestrt-w'd with flowers ; 
 Another bear the ewer, a third a diaper. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 To Di'aper. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To variegate; to diversify ; to flower. 
 For fear the stones her lender fool should 
 wrong, 
 The groundhe strew'd with flowers all along. 
 And diaper d like the discolour'd mead. 
 
 Spniscr. 
 Flora used to cloath our grand-dame Earth 
 with a new livery, diapered wUh various flowers, 
 and chequered w'ith delightful objecU. 
 
 Howd's Vocal ForO't. 
 
 I) I A 
 
 2. To draw flowers upon clothes. 
 
 If you diaper upon folds, let \our work be bro- 
 ken, and takfo, as it were, by t"lic half; fur reason 
 lelU you, thai your fold must cover somewhat 
 unseen. J'eacham on Drawing. 
 
 Diaphane'ity. n. ft. [from haJpan\m.] 
 Transparency ; pellucidness ; power of 
 transmitting liglit. 
 
 Becaus*' the outward coat of (he eye ought to 
 be pellucid, lo transmit the light, which, if tiie 
 eye^ shouhl always stand open, would be apt to 
 grow dry and shrink, and loose their diaphaneity ; 
 therefore are the eyelids >o contrived as r.f:Ln 
 to wnik, that ao they may, as it were, glaze and 
 varnish them over with the moisture they coo- 
 tain. 7?</y- 
 
 Diapha'nick. adj. {hk and <^a\t^.] 
 Transparent ; pellucid ; having the power 
 to transmit light. 
 
 Air is an element superior, and liphler than 
 water, through wliosc vast, open, subtile, diapha- 
 nick, or transparent body, the light, afterwards 
 created, easily transpired" Raleigh. 
 
 DIAPHANOUS, adj. [^*i and f«.»-..] 
 Transparent; clear; translucent; pellu- 
 cid; capable to transmit light. 
 
 Aristotle calleth light a quality inherent or 
 cleaving to a diiipfianous body. Raleigh. 
 
 \ hen he had taken otl'thc insect, he found 
 in the leaf very little and diaphanous cegs, exactly 
 like to ilio^e which yet remained in the tubes of 
 the fly's womb. Roy- 
 
 DiaVHORE'TICK. adj. [itaipo^r.riK^.] Su- 
 dorifick ; promoting a diaplioresis or 
 perspiration ; causing sweat. 
 
 A diaphorelick nudicii e, or a sudorifick, is 
 something that will provoke sweating. Watts. 
 
 Diaphoreticks, or promoters of perspiration, help 
 the organs of digestion, because Uie attenuation 
 of the aliment makes it perspirable. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Di'apHRAGM. n. s. IJtalp^aypLa..'] 
 
 1. The midriff M-hich di\ides the uppei 
 cavity of the body from the lower. 
 
 2. Any division or partition which divides 
 a hollow body. 
 
 It consists of a fescicnius of btxlies, round, about 
 one sixth of an inch in diameter, hollow, and 
 parted into numerous cells b^- means of dia- 
 phrngms, thick set throughout the whole length 
 of the body. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 DIARRHOEA, n. s. [^.a/fol,.] A flux 
 of the belly, whereby a person frequent- 
 ly goes to stool, and is ciirid either by 
 purging off the cause, or restiinging the 
 bowels. Quinci/. 
 
 During his diarrhaa I healed up the fontanels. 
 
 \i is^man, 
 
 Diarkhoe'tick. adj. [from diarrhreti.] 
 Promoting the flux of the belly ; solu- 
 tive ; purgative. 
 
 Millet is diarrhartick, cleansing, and useful in 
 diseases of the kidnevs. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Di'ary. n. s. [fiiiiritiin, Lat.] An ac- 
 count of the transactions, accidents, and 
 observations of every day ; a journal. 
 
 In se.i voyages, where there is nothing to be 
 
 seen hut sky and sea, men make dianW ; out, in 
 
 land-lrnvel,' wherein so much is to be observed, 
 
 they omit it. Biic<*n. 
 
 I gu on in my intended diary. Tatlcr, 
 
 DlASTOLK. 11. s. [^«ro>.i|.] 
 
 1. A figure in rhetorick, by which a short 
 syllable is made long. 
 
 2. The dilation of the heart. 
 
 The systole seems to resemble the forcible 
 bending of a spring, and ttie diastoU its tlving out 
 ag.un to its natural slate. Ray on the t^rc^itum. 
 
 dI5
 
 I) I c 
 
 Dia'style. [Ji», and rtlM^ a pillar.] A 
 Borl ol" edifice, where the pillars stand 
 at sucli a distance from one another, 
 that three diameters of their thickness arc 
 allowtKl for intercoiumnialion. Harris. 
 
 DiATi.'ssElsoN. n. s. [of ^la, and T/o-CTt, 
 four.] An interval in musicU, composed 
 of one greater tone, one lesser, and one 
 greater semitone ; its proportion being 
 as four to three. It is called, in musical 
 Cuni]iosition, a perfect fourth. tSarris. 
 
 Diato'nick. [of JiaTo't©'.] The ordinary 
 eon of musick which proceeds by dif- 
 ferent tones, either in ascending or de- 
 scending. It contains only the two 
 greater and lesser tones, and the greater 
 semi-tone. Harris. 
 
 Diaze'uticK Tone, [of fii and {«i!y»i;/ii.] 
 In the ancient (ireck musiclc, disjoined 
 two fourths, one on each sitle of it; and 
 which, being joined to either, made a 
 fifth. 'I his is, in our musick, from A to 15. 
 They al!<j\ved to tins dUizcutick tone, which is 
 our La, Mi, the proportiuii of nine to eight, as 
 bein;; tlie uiialteralilc dilfeiencc of the fiftli and 
 fi.urlh. Hams. 
 
 Di'dui.E. n. s. [from dipfel, Dut. a sharp 
 point, Ski7iner ; from dabble, Junius.] 
 A small spade; a pointed instrument 
 with which the gardeners make holes 
 for planting. 
 Tliiough cunning, with dibble, rake, mattock, 
 and spade. 
 By line and by level trim garden is made. 
 
 Tusser's Husbandly. 
 
 Di'bstone. n. s. A little stone which 
 children throw at another stone. 
 
 I have seen iitlle pirl.s exercise whole honrs to- 
 gether, aiitl take abundance of pains, to be expert 
 at dibstones. Locke. 
 
 Dica'cmty. n. s. [dicacilas, Lat.] Pert- 
 ness ; sauciness. Diet. 
 
 DICE. n. s. The plural o( die. see Die. 
 
 It is al)ove a hundred to one against any parti- 
 cular throw, that you do not cast any given set of 
 faces with four cubical dice, because tliere are so 
 many several combinations of the six faces of four 
 dice; now, after you have cast all the trials but 
 one, it is still as much odds at the last remaining 
 lime, as it was at the first. BenUeif. 
 
 To Dice. v. n. [from the noun.] 'I'o 
 game with dice. 
 
 I was as virtuously piven as a gentleman need 
 to be i virtuous ciumgh; swore little; diced n(jt 
 above seven times a week. 'Shuhe^p. Hen. IV. 
 
 Di'cE-Box. ?i. 5. [dire and biw.] The 
 box from which the dice are thrown. 
 
 What would you say, should you see the spark- 
 ler shaking her elbow for a whole night together, 
 and thumping the table with a dice-box^ 
 
 Addis. Guard. 
 
 Dl'CER. n. s. [from dice.] A player at 
 dice ; a gamester. 
 
 They make marriage vows 
 As false as dicers' oaths. Shahesp. Hainht. 
 
 DicH. This word seems corrupted from 
 dit for do it. 
 
 Rich men sin, and I eat root : 
 Much good dich tlty good heart, Apemantus. 
 
 .^iiakesp. Tim. 
 
 Dicho'tomy. n. s. [Ji;^oTo/4i«.] Distribu- 
 tion of ideas by pairs. 
 
 Some persons have disturbed the order of na- 
 ture, ana abused their readers by an affectation (»f 
 dichotomies, trichotomies, sevins, twelves, &c. 
 Let the nature of the subject, considered together 
 
 D I C 
 
 with the design which you have in view, arwav?* 
 determine the number of parts into wliich you ni- 
 vide it. Watts. 
 
 Di'cKENS. A kind of adverbial exclania- 
 mation, importing", as it seems, much 
 the same with the devil; but 1 know not 
 whence derived. 
 
 Wliere had yon this pretty weathercock ! — — 
 I caiiiiut teli wliat the dickens his name is my 
 
 hubbaiici had him of. Sh. Merri/ Wives of Winds. 
 What a dickeni; docs he mean IJy ^ trivial sum ? 
 
 But ha'n't you fouiid it. Sir ? Congr. Old Bach. 
 
 Dicker o/ Leather, w. s, [dkra, low 
 
 Lat.] Ten hides. Diet. 
 
 To DI'CTATE. v. a. [dUto. Lat.] To 
 
 deliver to anotiier with authority; to 
 
 declare with confidence. 
 
 The spoils of elephants the roofs inlay, 
 And studded amber daits a golden ray ; 
 Such, and not nobler, in the realms above, 
 JMv wonder dictates is the dome of Jove. Pope's Od. 
 \\'iiatsoever is dictated to us by God himself, or 
 by men who are divinely inspired, must be believ- 
 ed willi full assurance. Walts. 
 Di'cTATE. w. s. [dictatum, Lat.] Kule 
 or maxim delivered with authority ; pre- 
 scription ; prescript. 
 
 Those richt helps of art, whicli will scarce be 
 fmnid by those wbo servilely confine themselves 
 to tlie dictates of others. Locke. 
 
 I credit what the Grecian dictates say, 
 And Samian sounds o'er Scota's hills cunvey. 
 
 Prior. 
 Then let this dictate of my love prevail. 
 
 Pope's Od. 
 Dicta'tion. n. s. [from dictate.] The act 
 or practice of dictating or prescribing. 
 
 Diet. 
 DICTATOR, n. s. [Lat] 
 L A magistrate of Rome made in times of 
 exigence and distress, and invested with 
 absolute authority. 
 
 Kind dictators made, when they came home, 
 Their vanquish'd foes free citizens of Rome. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Julius with honour tam'd Rome's foreign fues ; 
 But patriots fell, ere the dictator rose. Prior. 
 
 2. One invested with absolute authority. 
 
 Unanimous they ail commit the care 
 And management of this main enterprize 
 To him, their great dii tator. Milton. 
 
 3. One whose credit or authority enables 
 him to direct the conduct or opinion of 
 otiiers. 
 
 Nor is it a small power it gives one man over 
 another, to have the authority' to be the dictator of 
 principles, and teacher of unquestionable truths. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 That riches, honours, and outward splendour, 
 should set up persons for rficfators to all the rest 
 of mankind, is a most shameful invasion of the 
 right of our understanding. Watts. 
 
 DiCTATo' lAhadJ. [i\om dictatoirl Au- 
 thorative ; confident ; dogmatical ; over- 
 bearing. 
 
 A young academick often dwells upon a iour- 
 nal, or an observator that treats of tratle and po- 
 liticks in a dictatorial stile, and is lavish in the 
 praise of the author. Ti'(iUs. 
 
 Dicta'torship. n. s, [from dictator,] 
 
 1. The office of dictator. 
 
 This is the solenniest title they can confer un- 
 der the princedom, being indeed a kind of dicta- 
 torship. Wvlton. 
 
 2. Authority; insolent confidence. 
 
 This is that perpetual dictatorship whieh is ex- 
 ercised by Lucretius, though often in the wrong. 
 
 I)rii(lc7i. 
 
 Di'cTATURE. n. 5. [dictattira,L,a.i.] The 
 office of a dictator ; dictatorship. Diet. 
 
 D I E 
 
 Di'cTiON. n. *. [diction, Fr. diciio, Lat.] 
 Style; language; expression. 
 
 There a[>[)ears in every part of his diction, or 
 expression^ a kind of nohle and bold jjurity. 
 
 • Vryden. 
 
 Di'cTiONARY. n. s. [dictionarinm, Lat.] 
 A book containing tfie words of any 
 language in alphabetical order, with ex- 
 planations of their meaning; a lexicon ; 
 a vocabulary; a word-l)ook. 
 
 Some have delivered the p<'lity of spirits, end 
 left an account that they stand in a\vc of charms, 
 spells, and conjurations ; that tliey are afraid of 
 letters and characters, notes and dashes, which, 
 set toi;ether, do sij;nify nothing ; and not only iu 
 the dicliojiiiry of man, but in the subtler vocabu- 
 lary of .Satan. Iii'ou'n'.i Vulvar Erronrs. 
 
 Is it such a fault to translate simulacra images > 
 I see what a good thing it is to have a pood ca- 
 tholick dictioTuiry. StiHingfieet. 
 
 An army, or a parliament, is a collection of 
 men ; a dictionary, or nomenclature, is a collec- 
 tion of words. Walls. 
 
 Did, ofrfo. [h\h, Sa.x.] 
 
 1. The preterite of do. 
 
 Thou canst not say I did it. Shakesp. 
 
 What did that gre'atness in a woman's mind ? 
 Ill lodg'd, and weak to act what it desi^n'd. 
 
 Vrydeii. 
 
 2. The sign of the preter-imperfect tense, 
 or perfect. 
 
 When (//(/ his pen on learning fix a brand. 
 Or rail at arts he did not understand r Ih'yden. 
 
 3. It is sometimes used emphatically; as, 
 I did really love Iiim. 
 
 Dida'ctical. "I adj. [Mixli-/.®'.] Frecep- 
 Dida'ctick. / tive; giving precepts: 
 as a didactick poem is a poem that gives 
 rules for some art; as the Georgiclis. 
 
 The means used to this purjjose are partly di- 
 dactical, and jiartly protrcptieal ; demonstrating 
 the truth of the gospel, and then urging the pro- 
 fessors of those truihs to be stcdfast in the faith, 
 and to beware of infidelity. Ward on Injidelity. 
 
 Di'dapper. n. s. [from dip] A bird 
 that dives into tlie water. 
 
 Didasca'lick. adj. [JiJacrxaXix©-.] Pre- 
 ceptive; didactick; giving precepts in 
 some art. 
 
 I found it necessary to form some story, and give 
 a kind of body to the poem : under what species it 
 niHy be comprehended, whether didascalick or he- 
 roiuk, I leave to the judgment of the criticks. Prior. 
 
 To Di'dder. v. a. [diddei-n, Teut. zittern. 
 Germ.] To quake with cold ; to shiver. 
 A provincial M'ord. Hkinner. 
 
 Dl D.ST. The second person of the prater 
 tense oi do. See Did. 
 
 Oh last and best of Scots ! who didst maintain 
 Thy country's Ireedom from a foreign reign. Dyyd. 
 
 DiDu'cTiON. n. s. [diduciio, LatJ Sepa- 
 ration by withdrawing one part from 
 the other. 
 
 He ou;;ht to shew what kind of strings they au 
 ■which, tfioiigh strongly fasJened to the inside of 
 the receiver and superlicies of the bladder, must 
 draw as forcibly one as another, in comparison of 
 tiiose that within the bladder draw so as to hinder 
 the diduciion of its sides. Boylt. 
 
 To DIE. V. a. [deaj, Sax. a colour.] To 
 tinge; to colour; to stain. 
 
 So much of death her thoughts 
 Had entertain'd, as died her cheeks with pale. 
 
 Milton. 
 All white, a virgin saint she sought the skies ; 
 For marriage, though it sullies not, it dies. Dryd. 
 Die. n. s. [from the verb.] Colour; tinc- 
 titre ; stain ; hue acquired. 
 
 516
 
 D I E 
 
 It will lic-Ip me notliing 
 To nlo;id mine iniioci-nce ; for lliat die is on mc, 
 Whicli makes my whit'st pari black. 
 
 Slutlmp- Henry \ in 
 
 We have diiinty works of feathers of woiiderfijl 
 lustie, excellent dies, and many. 
 
 Bacon's New Atlantis. 
 
 Parkncss we sec emerges into light. 
 And bhiniiig snns descend to sable night: 
 Ev'n heav'n itself receives another die, 
 Wlien wearied animals in slumbers lie 
 Of niidniuht eaie ; anotlicr, when the grey 
 Of morn jireliules the splendour of the day. Dryd. 
 
 It is surprising to see the images of the mind 
 stamped upon ilic aspect ; to see the clit-eks take 
 the die of the passions, and appear in all the co- 
 lours of thonglu. Cntlier of the Aspect. 
 
 To Die. v. h. [beabian, Sax.] 
 
 1. To lose liff; to expire; to pass into 
 another state of existence. 
 
 Thou dost kill mc with thy falsehood : and it 
 grieves me not to die, but it grieves me that thou 
 art the nmrthercr. Sidney. 
 
 Nor did the third his conquests long survive. 
 Dying ere scarce he liad begun to live. Addis. Ov. 
 
 Oh let me live my own, and die so too ! 
 To live and die is a'll I have to do._ Denham. 
 
 2. To perish by violence or disease. 
 
 The dira only served to confirm him in his first 
 opinion, that it wa.s his destiny to die in the ensu- 
 ing orabat. Dryden. 
 
 Talk not of life or ransom, he replies ; 
 Patrodus dead, whoever meets mc, dies: 
 In vain a sinj^le Trojan sues for grace ; 
 But least the sons of Priam's hateful race ; 
 Die then, my friend ! what bocjls it to deplore ? 
 The great, tiie good TalrMchis is no more ! 
 He, far tliy heller, was foredooin'd to die ; 
 And thou, dost thou, bewail uiortahiy ? 
 
 Foite's Homer. 
 
 8. It has by before an instrument of death. 
 
 Their young men shall die by the sword : their 
 sons aiui daughters siuill die by famine. Jerem. 
 
 4. Of before a disease. 
 
 I'hey often come into tiie world clear, and with 
 the a|>*pearanec of sound bodies ; which, notwith- 
 standiuu,have been infected with disease, and have 
 died of Tl, or at least have been very infirm. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 5. For commouly before a privative, and 
 of before a positive cause: these prepo- 
 sitions are not always truly distinguished. 
 
 At first she startles, then she stands ainaz'd ; 
 At last with terror she from thence doth fly. 
 
 And loatlis the wat'ry glass wherein she gaz'd, 
 And slums it still, altho'Jor thirst she die. Duvies. 
 
 lie in the loaden vineyard dies for thirst. Addis. 
 
 Hipparchus being passionately fond of his own 
 wife, who was enamoured of Bathyllus, leaped 
 and rfjerf 0^' his fall. Addison. 
 
 6. To be punished with death. 
 
 If I die for it, as no less is threatened me, the 
 king my old master must be relieved. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 What is the love of our neighbour ?— 
 — The valuing him as the image of God, one for 
 whom Cinist died. Hammond. 
 
 7. To be lost; to perLsh; to come to no- 
 thing. 
 
 H(jw now, my lord, why do you keep alone ? 
 Of sorriest fancies your ccnnpanion making, 
 Using Ihose thoughtswhich sliouUl indeed havedied 
 Witli them they think on. Shakesii.MaclKth. 
 
 If any sovereignity, i>n account of his properly, 
 had been vested in'Adam, whicli in truth there 
 was not, it would have died with him. LocliC. 
 
 W hatever pleasure any man may lake in spread- 
 ing whispers, he will find greater saiisfactiun hy 
 letting the secret die within liis own breast. 
 
 Sped. 
 
 8. To sink ; to faint. 
 
 His heart died within him, and he became as a 
 s'onc. 1 ,\„„,„./. 
 
 9. [In tlioology.] To perish everlastingly. 
 
 So long as God shall live, so long shall the 
 daiuned die. HakewiU on Proeidence.. 
 
 D I E 
 
 10. To languish with pleasure or tencler- 
 
 To sounds of hoav'nly liarps she dies away. 
 Ami nitlls in visions ul eternal day. rope. 
 
 1 1. ']'() vanish. 
 
 Tliis battle fares like lo the morning's war, 
 When difitig ciouds contend with growing hght. 
 
 &hah(sp. 
 
 I'ht'. smaller striins and birniishps may die away 
 and disappear, aini<ist the hrifilitiiess that stirroiiruls 
 thfin ; hut a hk)t of a <leejier iialure casts a sh^di- 
 on all the other beauties, aud dark( ni the wh.tle 
 character. Ailtiisim's Spectator. 
 
 12. [Ill tlie style of lovers.] To languish 
 with afFection. 
 
 The youne uwn acknowledged, la love-letters, 
 that they tlkd fur Rebecca. Tatlcr. 
 
 13. To Avither, as a vcfretable. 
 
 Except a corn of wheat fall into tlie pround, 
 and die. it abitltth alone ; but if it die, it briiiqctli 
 forth nnich fruit. Jufui. 
 
 14. To grow vapid, a& liquor. 
 
 Die. n..s: pi flict: [dt, Fr. dis, Welsh.] 
 
 1. A small ciihc, marked on its faces with 
 numbers from one to six, which game- 
 sters tlu'ow in play. 
 
 Keep a ^'aniester from tlie dice, and a good stu- 
 dent fmm hib book, and it is wonderful. Shakesp. 
 
 I have set my life upon a east. 
 And I "ill stand tlie har-ard of the die. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 He knows which way tlie lot and the die shall 
 fall, as perfectly as if they were already cast. 
 
 South. 
 
 2. Hazard; chance, 
 
 Eftsoons his cruel hand Sir Guyon staid, 
 Teinp'ring tlie passion willi advisement slow, 
 
 And must'ring might on enemy dismay 'd ; 
 For ill' equal die of war he well did know, Faii^y Q. 
 
 So hulti to battle fierce arranged are; 
 In which his harder fortune was to fall 
 
 Under my spear : such is thc(/(e of war. Fairy Q. 
 
 Tliine is th' adventure, tlihie the victory : 
 Well has thy fortune turn'd the die for thee. Lh^yd. 
 
 3. Any cubick body. 
 
 Young creatures have learned spelling of words 
 by having them pasted upon little Hat tablets or 
 dies. Watts. 
 
 Die. n, s. pluj*. dies. The stamp used in 
 
 coinage. 
 
 Such variety of dies made use of by Wood in 
 stanipiiij; liis money, makes the discovery of coun- 
 terftiis more diflicult. Suitt. 
 
 Di'fiR. ?i. s, [from die.] One who fol- 
 lows the trade of dying ; one who dies 
 clothes. 
 
 The fleece, that has been hy the dier stain'd, 
 Never again its native whiteness gain'd. Waller. 
 
 There were some of very low rank and profes- 
 sions who acquired great estates : cobblers, diers, 
 and shoemakers gave pubiick shows to the people. 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Dl'ET. 71. s. {(Uceta, low Lat. hana.] 
 
 1. Food ; provisions for the mouth; vic- 
 tuals. 
 
 They cared for no other delicacy' of fare, or cu- 
 riosity of diet, than to maintain life. liaUigh. 
 
 Time may come, v\hen men 
 With angels may V^f^^'cipate ; ant) find 
 No inconveuient diet, nor too light fare. M(7(<>«. 
 
 No part of diet, in any season, is so healthful, so 
 natural, and so agreeable to the stomach, as good 
 and well-ripened fruits. Temple. 
 
 ftlilU appears to he a proper diet for human bo- 
 dies, where acrimony is to be purged or avoided , 
 but not where the cauals are obstructed, it being 
 void of all saline ipiality, Arbuthih^t. 
 
 2. Food retrulated h}'* the rules of medicine, 
 for ihe prevention or cure of any <lisease. 
 
 I conimenti rather some diet for certain seasiin;;, 
 than frequent um' of plivi>ck ; for those dii.ts alter 
 tlie body more, and trouble it less. hacon. 
 
 D I F 
 
 I restrained myself to so reeular a diet, ai to eat 
 flesh but once a day, and liifle at a time, wi;hout 
 salt or vinegar. _ _ fanpU. 
 
 3. Allowance of provision. 
 
 For his diet, there was a continual diet given 
 luni b^- the king. Jeremiah. 
 
 Jo Ul ET. I', a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To feed by the rules of medicine. 
 
 Siic diets liiai with fasting every day. 
 The swelling of his wounds !y njiligale, 
 And uia<le him pray both early and eke late. 
 
 Cl lie. /■ , ■ ^""Tl *"*"■ 
 
 Miew a while like fearful war, 
 
 To diet rank minds sick ol happiness. 
 
 And purge Ui' obstructions »i,ic'i begin to stop 
 
 Our very veins . f life. Shakesp. Henry XV. 
 
 He was not talieu well ; Le liad not din'd : 
 The veins uniJH'd, our bloi d is cold ; aud tliCd 
 V\'e jjowt upoo the mor.Mng, are unapt 
 To give or to forgive ; but «heii we've stuS'4 
 'Ihcse pipes, and tliese conveyances of bluod, 
 V\ ith Mine and feedius;, we have supjiler aouls. 
 Than in our pricitlikc fasts; therefore I'll watch him 
 Till he be dieted to uiy request. Hhaketp. Cariol. 
 
 I will attend my husband, be his nurse, 
 Diet his sickness ; for it is my office. Shaken. 
 
 Henceforth my earlv care 
 Shall tend lliee, and the ferl'ile burdciiease; 
 'J'ill, dieted by llice, I ^row mature 
 In knowledge as the gods, who all things know. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 We have lived upon e.^pedients, of which no 
 country had less occasion : we have dieted a healthj 
 body into a consumption, by plying it with pliy- 
 sick instead of feutil. Suitt. 
 
 2. To gi\e food to. 
 
 I'm parllv led to diet my revenge. 
 For that I do suspect the 'lusty i>Foor 
 Hath leapt into my seat. iluikap. Olhelh. 
 
 3. To board ; to supply witli diet. 
 To Diet. v. n. 
 
 1. To eat by rules of physick. 
 
 2. To eat ; to feed. 
 
 I join with thee calm peace and quiet ; 
 Spare fast, that oft with pods doth diet. Milton. 
 
 Di'et-drink. n. a. [diet and drink.] 
 3Iedicated liquors ; drink brewed with 
 medicinal ingredients. 
 
 The observation will do that better than the 
 lady's rfjet-dna/cs, or ap<»lhecary's medicines. Locfcc 
 
 Di'et. w. s. [from </im, an appointed day, 
 Skinnir; from diet, an old German 
 word .signifyino; a multitude, Juuim.'] 
 An as.sembly of princes or e.states. 
 
 An euiperor in title without territory", who can 
 ordain nothing of importance but by a diet, or as> 
 seuibly of ihe estates of mauy free princes, eccle- 
 siastical and leniporal. lialeigh. 
 
 Di'etary. aiij. [from rfit/.] Pertaining 
 to the rules of diet. Diet. 
 
 Di'eter. «. s. [from diet.] One who pre- 
 scribes rules for eating ; one who pre- 
 pares footl by medicinal rules. 
 
 Ho sauc'd our broth as Juno had been sick. 
 And he her dieter. i>itakr.^p, Ci/mheiine. 
 
 DlETETiCAL. 1 </(//. [JiaiT^Tini.j Relaiinj; 
 
 Diete'ticK. I to diet; belonging to 
 tlie medicinal cautions about the use of 
 food. 
 
 He received no other counsel than to refrain 
 from cold drink, which was but a dietcticot cau- 
 tion, and such as culinary prescripliim niiL-ht liave 
 atror<led. Brtiirn'* Tu/^. Etr. 
 
 This book of Cheyne's became the subject of 
 conversaiion, and produced even sects in the di- 
 etetich philoso, h\. Aibtithnot on .-itiments, Pref. 
 
 To DlTl-KK. t". n. [ttificro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To be distinguished from ; to have pro- 
 perties and ijualities not the same with 
 those of another person or tiling. 
 
 517
 
 D I F 
 
 If the pipe tie a little wet on the inside, it will 
 " ^erinsr sound from the same uipe 
 
 Baccm 
 
 piji 
 
 make a differing sound from the same pipe dry. 
 
 Thy prejudices, Syphax. won't discern 
 
 What virtues grow from ignorance and choice, 
 IVor !iow tiie hero differs from the brute. Add.Cato. 
 The several parts of the same animal difer in 
 tlieir qualities. ^ Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. To contend ; to be at variance. 
 
 A man of judgment shall sometimes hear igno- 
 rant men differ, and know well within himself tliat 
 those wliich so differ mean one thing, and yet they 
 themselves never agree. Bacon. 
 
 Here uncontroll'd you may in judgment sit ; 
 We'll never differ with a crowded pit. Howe. 
 
 3. To be of a contrary opinion. 
 
 In lliiniis purely speculative, as these are, and 
 no ingredients of 'our faith, it is free to differ from 
 one anotlier in our opinions and sentiments. 
 
 BurneCs Theory. 
 
 There are certain measures to be kept, which 
 may leave a tendency rather to gain than to irritate 
 those who differ with you in their sentiments. 
 
 Addisoris Freckoider. 
 
 Others (fj^erwith me about the truth and reality 
 of these speculations. Chcyne. 
 
 Di'fference. n. s, [differeritia, Lat.] 
 
 1. State of being distinct from something; 
 contrariety to identity. 
 
 Where the faith of the holy church is one, a 
 iJiffercticc between customs of the church dotli no 
 harm. Hooker. 
 
 2. The quality by which one differs from 
 another. 
 
 This nobility, or diffei-ence from the vulgar, was 
 not in the beginning given to the succession of 
 blood, but to the succession of virtue. Raleigh. 
 
 Thus, born alike, from virtue first began 
 The diff'rence that distincui^li'd man from raan : 
 He claini'd no title from descent of blood j 
 Bui that, which, made him noble, made him good. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 Though it be useful to discern every variety 
 that is to be found in nature, yet it is not cnnve- 
 nient to consider every difference that is in things, 
 and divide them into distinct classes under every 
 such difference. Locke. 
 
 3. The disproportion between one thing 
 and another, caused by the quaUties of 
 each. 
 
 You shall see great difference betwixt our Bohe- 
 mia and your Sicilia. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Oh the strange difference of man and man ! 
 To thee a woman's services are due ; 
 My sool usurps my body. Shakesp. K. Lenr. 
 
 Here might be seen a great difference between 
 men practised to fight, and raen accustomed only 
 to spoil. iiayivard. 
 
 4. Dispute ; debate; quarrel ; controversy. 
 
 What was the difference? 
 ———It was a contention in puhiick. Shak.Cijmb. 
 He is weary of liis life, thai, hath a difference with 
 any of them, and will walk abroad after daylight. 
 
 Sandijs. 
 
 Nothing could have fallen out more unluckily 
 
 than that there should be such differences among 
 
 them about that which they pretend to be the only 
 
 means of ending differences. TilloUon. 
 
 5. Distinction. 
 
 Our constitution does not only make a difference 
 between the guilty and the iimocent, hut, even 
 amon^ the guilty, between such as are more or 
 less criminal. Addison's Frteholdtr. 
 
 6. Point in question ; ground of contro- 
 versy. 
 
 Are you acquainted with the difference 
 That holds this present question in the court ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 7. A logical distinction. 
 
 Some are never without a difference: and com- 
 monly, by amusing raen with a subtilty, blanch 
 the matter. Bacon. 
 
 8. Evidences of distinctiou ; differential 
 xnarks. 
 
 I) I !• 
 
 Henry had the title of sovereign, yet did not 
 put those things in execuliun which are the true 
 marks and dijjerences of sovereignty. Davies. 
 
 9. Distinct kind. 
 
 This is notoriously known in some differences of 
 brake or fern. Brown s I'ulg. Err. 
 
 To Di'fference. v, a. [from the noun.] 
 To cause a difference ; to make one 
 thing not the same as another. 
 
 Most are apt to seek all the dill'erences of letters 
 in those articulating motions ; u hereas sevcriil com- 
 binations of letters are framed by the very same 
 motions of those organs which are coniinonly ob- 
 served, and are dijferejiced by other concurrent 
 causes. Holder. 
 
 Grass dijrerenceth a civil and well cultivated re- 
 gion from a barren and desolate wilderness. Ray. 
 
 We see nothing that differences the courage of 
 Mnestheus from that of Sergesthus. 
 
 Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 Di'fferent. adj. [from differ.^ 
 
 1. Distinct; not the same. 
 
 There are corered galleries that lead from thr 
 palace to five different churches. Addison oji Italy. 
 
 2. Of contrary qualities. 
 
 The Britons change 
 Sweet native home for unaccustom'd air. 
 And other climes, where different foodundioil 
 Portend distempers. Philips. 
 
 3. Unlike; dissimilar. 
 
 Neither the shape of faces, nor age, nor the 
 colour, ought tu be alike in all figures, any more 
 than the hair; because men are as different from 
 each other, as the regions in which thev are born 
 *re different. Drydtn\ Vtifre'inoy. 
 
 Happiness con5i,^ts in things which produce 
 pleasure, and in the absence of those which cause 
 anv pain: now these, to different men, are very 
 different things. Locke. 
 
 Differential Method, is applied to the 
 doctrine of infinitesimals, or infinitely 
 small quantities, called the arithmetick 
 of fluxions. It consists in descending 
 from whole quantities to their infinitely 
 small differences, and comparing toge- 
 ther these infinitely small differences, of 
 what kind soever they be: and from 
 thence it takes the name of the differen- 
 tial Calculus, or analysis of infinitesi- 
 mals. Harris. 
 
 Di'fferently. adv. [from difftrent.] 
 In a different manner. 
 
 He niav consider bow differently he is affected 
 by the sa'nie thought, wiiich presents itself in a 
 great writer, from what he is when he finds it de- 
 livered by an ordinary genius Addison. 
 
 Di'fferingly. adv. [from differing.] 
 
 In a different manner. 
 
 Such protuberant and concave parts of a surface 
 may remit the light so differingly, as to vary a co- 
 lour. ^Boylc. 
 
 DIFFI'CIL. adj. [difficiUs, Lat.] 
 
 1. Dithcult ; hard; not easy ; not obvious. 
 Little used. 
 
 That that should give motion to an unwieldy 
 bulk, which itself hath neither bulk, nor motion, 
 is of as difficil apprehension as any mystery in na- 
 ture. C'lanville's Scepsis. 
 Latin was not more difficile 
 
 Than to a blackbird 'tis to whistle. Hiidibras. 
 
 2. Scrupulous; hard to be persuaded. 
 
 The cardinal finding the pope difficil in granting 
 the dispensation, doth use it as a principal argu- 
 ment, concerning the king's merit, that he liad 
 touched none of those deniers which had been le- 
 vied by popes in England. Bacon. 
 
 Diffi'ciln'ESS. n. s, [from difficil.'] Dif- 
 ficulty to be persuaded ; incompliance ; 
 impracticability. A word not in use, but 
 proper. 
 
 D I F 
 
 There be that in tlieir nature do not affect the 
 good of others: the lighter sort of inalij;ulty 
 turneth but to a crossness, or frowardness, or ani- 
 ness to oppose, or dfficilness, or the like ; but the 
 
 DIF FICUL r. adj. [difflci/is, Lat.] 
 
 1. Hard; not easy : not f'acil. 
 
 It is dijIicuU ill the eyes of this people. Zachar. 
 
 2. Troublesome; vexatious. 
 
 3. Hard to please ; peevish ; morose. 
 Difficulty, adv. [from difficult.] Hard- 
 ly; witli ditKciilty. 
 
 A man, who lias always indulged himself in tlw 
 full enjoyment of his station, will difflculti/ be per- 
 suaded to think any methods unjiist that offer to 
 rontiime it. Bogms Scrmmu. 
 
 Di'FFicuLTY. n. s. [from difficult; dif- 
 ficulty, Fr.] 
 
 1. Hardiness; contrariety to easiness or 
 facility. 
 
 The religion which, by this covenant, we en- 
 gage ourselves to observe, is a work of labour and 
 difticuUy ; a service that requires our greatest care 
 and attention. Bogen. 
 
 2. Tliat which is hard to accomplish ; Uiat 
 ■which is not easy. 
 
 They mistake difliculties for impossibilities : a 
 pernicious mistake certainly ; and the more per- 
 nicious, for tliat Tuen are seldom convinced of it, 
 till their convictions do them no good. SaiUh. 
 
 3. Distress ; opposition. 
 
 Thus, by degrees, he rose to Jove's imperial seat : 
 Thusd;//iVui(ifsprove a soul legitimatelv great. Dri/rf. 
 
 4. Perplexity in affairs ; uneasiness of cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 Tliey lie under some difUcitllies by reason of the 
 emperor's displeasure, who has fT)rbidden their 
 manufacturers. _ Adaison on Italy. 
 
 5. Objection; cavil. 
 
 i\Ien should consider, that raising difficulties 
 concerning the mysteries in religion, cannot make 
 theuj more wise, learned, or virtuous. Swift. 
 
 To DlFI-l'DF.. V. n. [diffdo, Lat.] To 
 distrust; to have no confidence in. 
 
 \Vith hope and fear 
 The woman did the new solution hear: 
 The man diffide.*, in his own augury. 
 And duubts the gods. Dryden 
 
 Di'ffidence. n. s. [from diffde.] 
 
 1. Distrust; want of confidence in others. 
 
 No man almost thouglit himself secure, and 
 men diirst scarce comnmne or talk one with ano- 
 ther ; but there was a general diffidence every 
 where. Bacon's Henry \ if. 
 
 you have brought scandal 
 To Israel, diffidence of (iod, and doubt 
 In feeble hearts, propense enough before 
 To waver. Milton s As;onistes. 
 
 2. Doubt; want of confidence in ourselves. 
 
 If the evidence of its being, or liat this is its 
 true sense, be only on jJrobabTe proofs, our assent 
 can reach no hitiher than an assurance or diffidence 
 arising from the more or less apparent probability 
 of the proofs. Locke. 
 
 Be silent always when 3'ou doubt your sense ; 
 And speak, though sure, with seemiiig diffidence. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 ^Tiatsoever atheists think on, or whatsoever 
 they look en, all do administer some reasons for 
 sus'piciuu and diffidence, lest possibly they may be 
 in thf wrong ;' and Ilien it is a tearful thing to 
 fad into the hands of the living God^. Bentley. 
 
 Di'ffident. adj. [from diffide.] 
 
 1. Distrustful; doubtinir others. 
 
 Be not diffident 
 Of wisdom ; she deserts thee not, if thou 
 Dismiss nc t her, when most tliou need'st her nigh. 
 
 Pliny speaks of the Seres, the same people, with 
 the Chinese, as being very shy and diffident in 
 their manner of dealing. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Doubtful of an event, used of things ; 
 uncertain, 
 
 518
 
 D I F 
 
 I was really so diffident «f it, as to let it lie by 
 me these two years, just as vou now see it. 
 
 Pope. 
 3. Doubtful of himself ; not confident. 
 
 I am not so confident of my own sutficipiicy, as 
 not willingly to atlmit the counsel of oiIkts ;' but 
 yet T am not so difiident of myself, as hruti-Iily to 
 submit to any man's dictates. ^'"fi' Charles. 
 
 J)islress makes the humble \\e^\i diffident . 
 
 Clarissa. 
 
 To DIFFl'ND. f. a. [diffindo, Lat.] To 
 cleave in two ; to split. Did. 
 
 DlFFi'ssiON. n. s. [diffissio, Lat] The 
 act of cleaving or splitting. Diet. 
 
 Diffla'tion. n. s. [dij/lare, Lat.] The 
 acl of scattering with a blast of wind. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Di'ffllence. \n.s. [from diffluo, Lat.] 
 
 DiFFLL'ENCY. f The quality of falling 
 away on all sides ; the effect of fluidity ; 
 the contrary to consistency. 
 
 Ice is water congealed by tlie frieidity of the 
 air, whereby it acquirelh no new form, but ra- 
 ther a consistence or determination of its di^luenc if ; 
 and .tioiittetb not its essence, but conaitioii *of 
 fluidity. hrowtts Vtilg. ErrouTs. 
 
 Di'ffluent. adj. [diffluens, Lat.] Flow- 
 ing every way ; not consistent ; not 
 fixed. 
 
 DITFORM. adj. [from forma, Lat.] 
 Contrary to uniform; having parts of dif- 
 ferent structure; dissimilar; unlike; ir- 
 regular: as, a diffi.rm flower, one of 
 which the leaves are unlike each other. 
 Tile unequal refractions of diffhrm rays proceed 
 not from any contingent irregularities ; such as 
 are veins, an uneven polish, or fortuitous position 
 of the pores of glass. iVeut.vj. 
 
 DlFFORMiTY. n, s. [from difform.] Di- 
 versity of form ; irregularity ; dissimLJi- 
 tude. 
 
 'vVhile they murmur against the present dispo- 
 sure of thiiiiis. they desire in them a diffonnitii 
 from the primitive rule, and the idea of that minil 
 tical formed all things best. Broun' Vul^. Err. 
 
 DlFFRANCHlSEMENT. ti. s. [fraiichise, 
 Fr.] The act of taking away the pri\i- 
 leges of a city. 
 
 To DIFFUSE. V. a. {diffums, Lat.] 
 
 1. To pour out upon a plane, so that the 
 liquor may run every way ; to pour with- 
 out particular direction. 
 
 AS hen these waters began to rise at first, long 
 before they could swell to the height of the moun- 
 tains, they would dijiue themselves every way. 
 
 Burnet's Theorv. 
 
 2. To spread ; to scatter ; to disperse. 
 
 V^'isdom had ordain'd 
 Good out of evil to create ; instead 
 Of spirits malign, a better race to brine 
 Into tlieir vacant room, and thence diffuse 
 His good to worlds, and ages, infinite. illlutn. 
 No sect wants its apostles to propagate and ,/y- 
 ./"«« ''• . Uccay of Piety. 
 
 A chief rcnow n'd in war, 
 \S hose race shall bear aloft the Lallan name. 
 And through the conquer'd world dijjiise our 
 „. fame Dryden. 
 
 ills eyes diffus d a venerable grsce, 
 And charity itself was in his face. 
 
 Drvden's Good Parson. 
 
 DiFFi- SE. adj. [diffuius; Lat.] 
 
 1. Scattered ; widely spread. 
 
 2. Copious; not concise. 
 
 Diffused, parlicipal adj. [from dif- 
 fuse.] This Word seems to have signified, 
 in Shakespeare's time, the same as wild, 
 uncouth, irregular. 
 
 I) I G 
 
 Ixt thcni from forth a sawpit rush at once, 
 With some dijfwied sunn. Shah, M. W. cj \ViridaT. 
 
 He grows like savages, 
 To swearing and stern looks, drffiud attire. 
 And every thing that seems ununtural. 
 
 SliakcJiji. ItenTij V. 
 
 DiFFU'SEDLY.fff/r. [from {/iff used.] Wide- 
 ly; dispersedly; in manner of that which 
 is spread every way. 
 
 DiFFu'sEDNESS. n. s. [from diffused. 
 The state of being diffused ; dispersion, 
 
 DiFFr'sELY. adv. [from diffuse.'] 
 
 1. Widely; extensively. 
 
 2. Copiously ; not concisely. 
 DiFFi'sioN. 71. 5. [from diffuse.] 
 
 I. Dispersion ; the state of being scattered 
 every way. 
 
 Whereas all bodies act either by coramunica- 
 lion of their natures, or by tuC impressions and 
 sit:natures of their motions, the diffusiim of spccit* 
 visible seenietli to participate more of the fornier 
 operation, and the species audible of the latter. 
 
 Bacons A'(i(. Histnru. 
 
 A sheet of very well sleeked marble paper did 
 not cast distinct colours upnn the wall, nor throw 
 its light with an eanal diffusion; but threw iis 
 beams, unstained aim bright, to this and ihiit part 
 of the «all. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 2. Copiousness ; exuberance of style. 
 DiFFu'siVE. adj. [from diffuse] 
 
 1. Having the quality of scattering any 
 thing every way. 
 
 Difiisire of themselves, where'er they pass 
 Thev make that warmth in others they expect : 
 
 Their valour works like bodies on a glass. 
 And does its image on their men project. Dnjd. 
 
 2. Scattered ; dispersed ; having the qua- 
 lity of suffering diffusion. 
 
 Ail liquid bodies are diffusive ; for their parts, 
 beinj: in motion, have no connexion, but tlide and 
 fikM olf any way. Biimefs Tlieorij oftfie Earth. 
 
 No man is of so general and difftime a lusl, as to 
 prosecute his amours all the world over. South. 
 
 The stars, no longer overlaid with weight. 
 Exert their heads from undemeatJi the mass, 
 And upward shoot, and kindle as they pass, 
 Aiid with diffusive light adorn llicir heav'nly 
 place. Driideii. 
 
 Cherish'd with hope, and fed with foy, it grows : 
 Its cheerful buds ihcir opening blodm disclose. 
 And round the happy soil diffusive odour tlows. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. Extended, 
 
 They are not agreed among themselves where 
 infalliljiliiy is seated ; whether in the pope alone, 
 or a council alone, or in both together, or in the 
 diffusive body of Ctiristiaus. Tiliftscn. 
 
 DiFFu'siVELY. adv. [from diffusive.] 
 
 Witlely ; extensively; everyway. 
 Diffl'siveness. n. s. [from diffusive.] 
 
 1. pA'tension ; disper.^ion ; the power of 
 difTusin;r; the state of being diffused. 
 
 2. Want of conciseness ; large compass of 
 expression, 
 
 1 he fault that T find wiib a modem legend is its 
 diffusiveness: _v«m have stnnetimes lite whole side 
 ofs medal over-run with it. Addis, on Med. 
 
 T*; DIG. V. a. preter. </m^, or dis:s:td ; 
 part. pass, duor^ or digii'td. [bic, Sax. 
 a ditch; dygtr, Dan. to dig.] 
 
 1. To pierce with a spade. 
 
 Then sai'i he unto me, Son of man, dig now in 
 llie wail ; and when I had digged in Uie wall. I 
 beheld a door. Euk. 
 
 2. To form by digging. 
 
 Seek with heart and mouth to build up the 
 walls of Jerusalem, which you liave broken down ; 
 and to fill up the mines that vou have digged, by 
 craft and sublletv, to overthrow the same. 
 
 Mliitgift. 
 
 D I G 
 
 He built lowers in the desert, and digged manT 
 wells ; for he had much cattle. 2 Cliron. ixvi. VJ 
 
 3. To cultivate the ground by turning it 
 with a .spade. 
 
 The walls of your garden, without their fumi 
 lure, looks as ill as those of your house ; so th.il 
 you cannot dig up your garden too often. Temple. 
 
 Be first to dig the ground, be first to bum 
 The branches lo|it. Dryden't Virf^il. 
 
 4. To pierce with a sharp point. 
 
 A rav'iMius vulture in his open'd side 
 Her crooked beak and cruel talons tried ; 
 Still for the gTfiwing liver digg'd his breast ; 
 The growing liver still supplied the feast. 
 
 Dryden'i Xnc'J. 
 
 5. To ^ain by digging. 
 
 It is digged out of even the highest moantaiiK, 
 and all |>art5 of the earth contingently ; as tie 
 l'."i'e3. Jl'Mx/itorrf. 
 
 Nor was the ground alone requir'd to bear 
 Her annual income to the crooked share ; 
 But greedy mortals, rnmroaging her store, 
 Digg d (turn her entrails first the precious ore. 
 
 Drydtn's Qt'ul, 
 To Dig. r. n. To work with a spade ; to 
 work in making holes, or turning the 
 ground. 
 
 They long for death, but it coraeth not: and 
 dig for it more than for hid treasures. -Joh. ii:. ^1. 
 
 The Italians have often dug into lands, descril- 
 e<i in old authors as the j>laces where statues or 
 obelisks stood, and seldom failed of success. 
 
 AddiMji's Tratelt. 
 
 To Dig up. v. a. To throw up that which 
 is covered with earth. 
 
 If I digg'd tip thy forefathers graves, 
 And hung their rotten coffins up in chains. 
 It would not slake mine ire. Shahesp. 
 
 Di'gamy. n. *. [Jiyaftia.] Second mar- 
 riage ; marriage to a second wife after 
 the death of the first : as bigamy, hav ■ 
 ing two wives at once. 
 
 Dr. Champny only proves, that arclibishrp 
 Cranraer was twice married ; which is not de- 
 nied ; but brines nothing to prove that sucS 
 bigamy, or digamit rather, deprives a bishop ^i 
 the lawful use of his power of ordaining. 
 
 B'tslit^t Ferr.e. 
 
 DiGEEEKT. adj. [digerens, Lat.] That 
 which has the power of digesting, or 
 causing digestion. Diet 
 
 Di'gest. n. s. [dige<!fa, I-at ] The pan- 
 dect of the ci\il law, containing tLe 
 opinions of the ancient lawyers. 
 
 1 had a purpose to make a particular di^^est, or 
 recurapilement to the laws of mine own nation. 
 
 BacAn. 
 
 I^iws in the digest shew that the Komans aj,- 
 
 plied themselves to trade. Arbttthm^t on Coim. 
 
 ToDlGE'ST. I', a. [digrro, dizestum,L^t.] 
 
 1. To distribute into various classes or repo- 
 sitories; to range or dispose metliodically. 
 
 2. To concoct in the stomach, so as tliat 
 the various particles of food may be ap- 
 pliptl to their proper use. 
 
 i( little faults, proceeding oii distemper. 
 Shall not be nink'd at, how shall we stretch oar 
 
 eye. 
 When capital crimes chew'd, swallow'd and 
 
 digested. 
 Appear ? Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Each then has organs to digest his food ; 
 One to beget, and one receive, the brood. Prior. 
 
 3. To soften by heat, as in a boiler, or in a 
 dunghill: a chemical term. 
 
 4. To range methodically in the mind : to 
 a|)ply knowledge by meditation to its 
 proper use. 
 
 Cho-sen friends, with sense reiin'd, 
 Learning digested well. Tkamtim.. 
 
 519
 
 D I G 
 
 5. To reduce to any plan, scheme, or me- 
 thod. 
 
 Our play 
 Leaps o'er the vaunt and firstlinjis of those broils, 
 'Ginning i' th' niiiUlie : starting thence away 
 To wliat may be digested in a piay. Shahesp. 
 
 6. To receive without loathing or repug- 
 nance ; not to reject. 
 
 First, If t us go to dinner. 
 —Nay, let me praise you while 1 have a stomach. 
 —No, pray thee, let it servt fur table-talk ; 
 Then, luiHsoeVr thou speak'st, 'in..ng other things 
 I shall digest it. Skakfsp. Merchant oj Venice. 
 
 The pleasance of numbers is, that rudeness and 
 barbarism might the better taste and digest the 
 lessons of civility. Ftackam. 
 
 7. To receive and enjoy. 
 
 Cornwal and Albany, 
 With my tvfo daughters dower.s, digest the third. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 8. [In chirurgery.] To dispose a wound 
 to generate pus in order to a cure. 
 
 To Digest, v, w. To generate matter, 
 
 as a wound, and tend to a cure. 
 Dige'ster. n. s, [from digt^t.] 
 
 1. He that digests or disposes. 
 
 2. He that digests or concocts Iiis food. 
 
 People that are bilious and fat, rather than lean, 
 are great eaters and ill digesters. ArbiUhnot. 
 
 3. A strong vessel or engine, cttntrived by 
 M. Papin, wherein to boil, with a very 
 strong heat, any bony substances, so as to 
 reduce them into a fluid state. Quimy. 
 
 That which causes or strengthens the 
 concoctive power. 
 
 Rice is of excellent use for all illnesses of tlie 
 stomach, a great restorer of health, and a great 
 digester. Temple. 
 
 Dig£'stible. adj, [from digest. ] That 
 which is capable of being digested or 
 concocted in the stomach. 
 
 Tliose medicines that purge by stool are, at 
 the lirst, not digestible by the stomach, and there- 
 fore move humediately downwards to the guts. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 Dige'stion. 71^ s. [from digest] 
 
 1 . The act of digestion or concocting food 
 in the stomach. 
 
 Now good digestiim wait on appetite, 
 And health on both. Shahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Digestio7i is a fermentation begun, because there 
 are all the requisites of such a fermentation; 
 heat, air, and motion: but it is not a complete 
 fermentation, because that requires a greater time 
 tiian the continuance of tlie alimenl in the sto- 
 mach : vegetable putrefaction resembles very 
 much animal digestion. ArbutJmot on Aliments. 
 
 Quantity of tood cannot be determined by mea- 
 sures and weights, or any general Lessian rules ; 
 but must vary with the vignur of decays of age or 
 of health, and the use or disuse of air or of exer- 
 cise, with the changes of appetite ; and tlien, by 
 what every man may find or suspect of the pre- 
 sent strength or weakness of digeation. Temple. 
 
 Every mo^^el to a satisfied hunger, is only a 
 new' labour to a tired digestion. South. 
 
 2. The preparation of matter by a chemical 
 heat. 
 
 We conceive, indeed, th^t a perfect good con- 
 coction, or digestion, or maturation of some me- 
 tals, will produce gold. Bacon's Nat. Histm-y. 
 
 DIdcliymick chance the furnaces prepare. 
 Raise all the labour-liouses of the air, 
 Andla^' crude vajjours in rf)ge5(wn there? Blackmore. 
 
 3. Reduction to a plan; the act of metho- 
 dising; the maturation of a design. 
 
 The digestion of the counsels in Sweden is made 
 in senati , , onsisting of forty counsellors, who are 
 generally the greatest men. Temple. 
 
 4. The act of disposing a wound to gene- 
 rate matter. 
 
 D I G 
 
 5. The disposition of a wound or sore to 
 generate matter. 
 
 The first stage of healing, or the discharge of 
 matter, is hy surgeons called digestion. 
 
 Slmrp's Surgery. 
 
 Dige'stive. adj. [from dige-it.] 
 
 1. Having the power to cause digestion, 
 or to strengthen the stomach. 
 
 A chilifactory iiieiistruuni, or a digestive prepa- 
 ration, drawn from slJccifS or individuals, whose 
 stomachs peculiarly dissolve la|iide(ius bodies. 
 
 Bn'wn's Vntg. Errours. 
 
 2. Capable by heat to soften antl subdue. 
 
 The earth and sun were in that very state ; the 
 one active, piercing, and digestioe, by its heat ; the 
 other passive, receptive, and stored with materials 
 for such a production. Huie. 
 
 3. Methodizing ; adjusting. 
 
 To business, ripen'd by digestive thought, 
 This future rule is into method brought. Dryden. 
 
 Dige'stive. n. s. [from digest.] An ap- 
 pHoation which disposes a wound to ge- 
 nerate matter. 
 I dressed it with digestives. Wisem. cm Abscesses, 
 
 Dige'sture. n. s. Concoction: not used. 
 
 Neither tie yourself always to eat meats of easy 
 digestave ; sucli as veal, sweetbreads. Harvey. 
 
 Dl'(iGER. n. s. [from dig.] One that 
 opens the ground with a spade. 
 
 U'beti we visited mines, we have been told hy 
 diggers, that even «lan the sky seemed clear, there 
 wouh' suddenly arise a steam so thick, that it 
 would [)ut out their candles. Boyle. 
 
 To DlGilT. V. a. [ bihtan to prepare, to 
 
 rep-ulate. Sax.] 
 
 1. To dress; to deck ; to bedeck ; to em- 
 bellish; to adorn. It seems always to 
 signify the past ; the particle passive is 
 dight, as dightcd in Hudibras is per- 
 haps improper. 
 
 Let my due feet never fail 
 To walk the studious cloisters pale; 
 And love the high embowed roof. 
 With antick pillar, uiassv proof; 
 And storied windows tidily dight, 
 Casting a dim religious light. 'Milton. 
 
 Just so the proud insulting lass 
 Array'dand dighted Hudibras. Hudibras. 
 
 2. To put on. 
 
 On his head his dreadful hat he dight, 
 Which maketh him invisible to sight. Hub. Tale. 
 
 Di'git. n. s. [disHus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The measure of length containing three 
 fourths of an inch. 
 
 If the inverted tube of mercury be but twenty- 
 five digits high, or somewhat more, the (quick- 
 silver will not tail, but remain susjiended ni the 
 tube, because it cannot pre-s the subjacent mer- 
 cury with so great a force as doth the incumbent 
 cylinder of the air, reaching thence to the top of 
 the atmosphere. lioyle's Spring of the Air. 
 
 2. The twelfth part of the diameter of the 
 sun or moon. 
 
 3. Any of the numbers expressed by single 
 figures ; any number to ten ; so called 
 from counting upon the fingers. 
 
 Not only the numbers seven and nine, from 
 considerations abstruse, have been extolled by- 
 most, hut all or most of other digits have been as 
 mystically applauded. Broun's Vulg. EiTours. 
 
 Di'gitated. adj. [from digitus, Lat.] 
 Branched out into divisions like fingers ; 
 as a digitated leaf is a leaf composed of 
 many small leaves. 
 
 For animals muhifidous, orstjch as are digitated, 
 
 or have several divisions in their feet, there are 
 
 I but two that are uniparous ; that is, men and ele- 
 
 1 phants. Brown's Vulg. Erroun. 
 
 D I G 
 
 Digladia'tion. n. s. [digladiatio, Lat.] 
 A combat with swords; any quarrel or 
 
 contest. 
 
 Aristotle seems purposely to intend the cherish- 
 ing of controversial digUuiiulions, by his owit af- 
 fection of an intricate obscurity. Glitnvitle's Seep. 
 
 Di'gnified. adj. [from digiiifi/.] Invest- 
 ed with some dignity: it is used chiefly 
 of the clergy. 
 
 Abbots are stiled d/j^jii^ed clerks, as having some 
 dignity in the church. Ayliffe's Purergon, 
 
 Dignh'ica'tion. n. s. [from dignij)/.'] 
 Exaltation. 
 
 1 grant that where a noble and ancient descent 
 atid merit meet in any man, it is a double digniji- 
 cation of that person. Walton's Angler, 
 
 To Dl'GIN'lFY. V. a. [from digitus and, 
 facto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To advance ; to prefer; to exalt. Used 
 chiefly of the clergy. 
 
 2. To honour ; to atlorn ; to give Instre to ; 
 to improve by some adventitious excel- 
 lence, or honourable distinction. 
 
 Such a day. 
 So fought, so f*jllow'd, and so fi^f'.V ^^nn. 
 Came not till now to dignify the times 
 Since t!a-sar's fortunes! Shukesp. Henry XV. 
 
 Not that we think us wortliy such a guest. 
 But that your worth will dignify our feast. 
 
 Ben Jcnixn. 
 No turbots dignify my boards ; 
 But gudgeons, flounders, what niy Thames cfTords. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Di'gnitary. n. s. [from digitus, Lat.] 
 A clergyman advanced to some dignity, 
 to some rank above that of a parochial 
 priest. 
 
 If there be any dignitaries, whose preferment* 
 are perh.ips not liable to the accusation of gyper- 
 fluity, tliev maybe pers(uis of superior nierit. &i'i/'t. 
 
 Di'gnity. 71. s. [dignitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Rank of elev.ttion. 
 
 Angels are not any where spoken so highly of 
 as our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and arc 
 not in dignity equal to him. Hooker, 
 
 2. Grandeur of mein ; elevation of aspect. 
 
 Some men have a native dignity, which vviH 
 procure them more regard by a look, than others 
 can obtain by the most imperious commands. 
 
 Clarissa, 
 
 3. Advancement; preferment; high place. 
 
 Faster than spring-time shoiv'rs comes thought 
 on thought. 
 And not a thought but thinks on dignity. Shak. 
 
 For those of old. 
 And these late dignities lieap'd up to them. Shak. 
 
 4. [Among ecclesiasticks ] By a dignily we 
 understand that promotion or preferment 
 to which any jurisdisction is annexed. 
 
 Aylifft's Parergon. 
 
 5. Maxims ; general principles : xfpiai ^o|ai. 
 
 The sciences concluding from dignities, and prin- 
 ciples known by themselves, receive not satisfac- 
 tion from probable reasons, much less from bare 
 asseverations. Brown. 
 
 6. [In astrology.] The planet is in dignity 
 when it is in any sign. 
 
 Digno'tion. n. s, [from. dignosco, Lat.] 
 Distinction ; distinguishing mark. 
 
 That temperamental dignolimis, and conjecture 
 of prevalent humours, lu.iy be collected from 
 spots in our nails, we are not averse to concede. 
 Brmon's Vvlg. hrrours. 
 
 To DIGRE'SS. V, n. [digressus, Lat.] 
 I, To turn aside out of the road. 
 •2. To depart from the main design of a dis- 
 course, or chief tenour of an argument. 
 
 &20
 
 D I L 
 
 In the pursuit of an argument there is hardly 
 room to digress into a |)arlicular definition, as 
 often as a man varies the signiGcatiou of any 
 term. Locke. 
 
 3. To wander ; to expatiate. 
 
 It seeiuelh ^to digress nu fariliir) that the Tar- 
 tariaiis, sprcadnig so far, cannot he the Israelites. 
 
 BrereKood. 
 
 4. To go out of the right way, or common 
 track ; to transgress ; to deviate : not in 
 
 use. 
 
 I am come to keep my word, 
 Thonjh in some part am forced to digress. 
 Which at more leisure I will so excuse 
 As you shall "ell he satisfied. Shakesp. 
 
 I'hv noble shape is but a form of wax. 
 Digressing from the valour of a man. Shakesp. 
 Digre'ssion. n.s. [digrcssio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A passage deviating from the main te- 
 noin- or design of a discourse. 
 
 The good man thought so much of his late con- 
 ceived comnionwealth, that all other matters were 
 butdioTCssimoto him. Sidney. 
 
 He, she knew, would intermix 
 frateful digressions, and solve liigh dispute 
 With conjugal caresses. Milion. 
 
 Here some digression 1 must make, t' accuse 
 Thee, my forgcllul and ungrateful muse. Dcnham. 
 
 To content and fill the eye of the understand- 
 ing, the best authors sprinkle their works with 
 pleasing digressii'ns, with which they recreate the 
 minds of their readers. Dryden. 
 
 2. Deviation. 
 
 The digression of the sun is not equal ; but, near 
 the equinoctial intersections, it is right and great- 
 er; near llie solstices, more oblic^ue and lesser. 
 
 Brown s Vulg. Errours. 
 
 Duudica'tion. n.s. [dijudicatio, Lat.] 
 
 Judicial distinction. 
 Dike. n. s. [bic. Sax. d^k, Erse.] 
 
 1. A channel to receive water. 
 
 The dykes a'e fill'd, and with a roaring sound 
 The risiiig rivers float the nether ground. 
 
 Dryden*s ^'irg. 
 The king of dukes! than whom no sluice of mud 
 With deeper sable blots the silver flood. 
 
 Pope^s Dunciad. 
 
 2. A mound to hinder inundations. 
 
 God, that breaks up the flood-gates of so great 
 a deluge, and all the art and industry of man is 
 not sulhcient to raise up dykes and ramparts 
 a£ainst it. . Cowley. 
 
 ToDILA'CERATE. v,a. [di la cero, Lat.] 
 To tear ; to rend ; to force in two. 
 
 Tlie infant, at the accuni|»libhed period, strug- 
 gling to come forth, dilucerates aad breaks ihuse 
 parts which restrained hi:ii before. 
 
 Brown's V.ilg. Errours. 
 
 Dilacera'tion. 71. s. [Aora dilaceratio, 
 Lat.] The act of rending- in two 
 
 The greatest sensation of pain is by the obstruc- 
 tion of the sniaii vessels, and dilaceration uf the 
 nervous fibres. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To DiLANiATE. v.a. [dUanio, Lat.] To 
 tear; to rend in pieces. 
 
 Rather tlian they wuuM diUmlite the entrails of 
 their own muther, and expose her thereby to be 
 ravished, tlie}' met half way in a gallant kind. 
 
 HoweCs i^ng. Tears. 
 
 ToDILATlDATE. v. n. [dilapido, Lat.] 
 To uo to ruin ; to fall by decay. 
 
 DlL.\PIDATION. 71. s. [dilapidalio, Lat.l 
 The incumbent's suffering the chancel, 
 or any other edifices of his ecclesiastical 
 living, to go to ruin or decay, by neg- 
 lecting to repair the same : and it like- 
 wise extends to his committing, or suf- 
 fering to be committed, any wilful 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D I L 
 
 waste in or upon the glebe-woods, or 
 
 any other inheritance of the church. 
 
 Ayiifft's Partrgon. 
 
 'Tis the duty of all church-wardens t*> prevent 
 the <ii/api</atioru of the chancel and inan^inn-house 
 belonging to 'Jie rector or vicar. Aiflije's Parcr. 
 
 DiLATABlLiTY. w. J. [from dilatable.] 
 
 The quality of admitting; extension. 
 
 We take notice af the wonderful dilatability or 
 e-viensiveness of the gullets of serpents: 1 have 
 taken two adult mice out uf the stomach of an 
 adder^ whose neck was not bigger than my little 
 finger. Kay. 
 
 liy this continual contraciibility and dUatahility, 
 by diilerent degrees of ht-ai, the air is kept in a 
 constant mution. ArbnOnwt. 
 
 Dilatable, adj. [from rfi7fl/e.] Capable 
 of extension. 
 
 The windpipe divides itself into a great num- 
 ber of branches called bronchia : lliese end in 
 s'uiall air bladders, dilatable and contractible, ca- 
 pable to be inflated by the admission of air, and 
 to subside at tlie expuUion of It. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Dilata'tion. n. s. [from dilatatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of extending into greater space: 
 opposed to contraction. 
 
 The motions of the tongue, by contraction and 
 dilatation, are so easy and so subtle, that vou can 
 hardly conceive or distinguish them aright. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 2. The state of being extended; the state 
 in which the parts are at moi-e distance 
 from each other, 
 
 Joy caiiseth a cheerfulness and vigour in the 
 
 eves; singing, leaping, dancing, and somelimcs 
 tears : all these are tlie effects of the dilatation, 
 and coming forth of the spirits into the outward 
 parts. Bacons Aat. History. 
 
 The image of the sun should be drawn out into 
 an oblong form, either bj* a dilatatitm of every 
 ray, or by any other casual inequality of the re- 
 fractions. Keaton. 
 
 To DILATE. V. a, [dllato, Lat] 
 
 1. To extend; to spread out ; to enlarge: 
 opposed to contract. 
 
 But ye thereby much greater glory gate, 
 Than hud ye sorted with a prince's peer; 
 
 For now 3-onr light doth more itself rfj/aie, 
 And in my darkness greater doth appear. Spenser. 
 
 Satan alarm'd. 
 Collecting all his mipht, dilated stood. 
 Like Teuerili", ur Atlas, unreniov'd. Milton. 
 
 Opener of mine eyes. 
 Dim erst; di/ufed spirits, ampler heart, 
 And growing up to godhead : which for thee 
 Chieny I sought ; without thee can despise. i\i"i7/. 
 
 Through all the air his sounding strings dilute 
 
 Sorrow, like that which touch'd our hearts of 
 
 late. M'aller. 
 
 Diffus'd, it rises in a higher sphere ; 
 Dilutes its dri'ps, and softens into air. Prior. 
 
 1 mark the various fury of the winds ; 
 These neither seasons guide, nor order binds : 
 Thev now dilate and now contract their force ; 
 Various their speed, but endless is their course. 
 ^ Prior. 
 
 The second refraction would spread the rays 
 one way as inucli as the first doth another, and so 
 dilate the image in breadth as much as the first 
 doth in length. Xewton. 
 
 2. To relate at large; to tell diffusely and 
 copiously. 
 
 But he would not endure that woful thcam 
 For to dilate at large ; but ur^ed soro, 
 Wiih piercing words, and puiful implore, 
 Him hasty to arise. Fairy Queen. 
 
 I observing, 
 Took once a pliant hour, and found good means 
 To draw from her a praver of ernest heart, 
 That I would all my pilgritnage dilate^ 
 ^\ hereof by parcels she had something heard. 
 But not distinctively. i^iaf^sp. Othelh. 
 
 D I L 
 
 To Dil.Vte. v.n. 
 
 1. To widen; to grow wide. 
 
 His hcurt dilates and glories io bis strength. 
 
 Additen. 
 *2. To speak largely and copiously. 
 
 It majv" be tietiyveful for princes, in matters of 
 erace, tu transact tlie same pubiicklj, and by 
 uifMiM-lves ; or th^ir ministers to dilute upon it, 
 and improve their lustre, by any addition or elo- 
 (juence of speech. Clarendon. 
 
 Dilator. n.i. [from dilate.] Tliat which 
 widens or extends. 
 
 The buccinatores, or blowers ap of thtf cheeks, 
 and the ddatars of the nose, are too stronjr in cbo- 
 lerick people. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Di'l.\torine.ss. n.s. [from dilaturi/.] 
 'l"he quality of being dilatorj'; slowness; 
 sluggishness. 
 
 DILATORY, adj. [dilatoire. Ft. dilato- 
 rius, Lat.] Tardy; slow; given to pro- 
 crastination ; addicted to delay ; slug- 
 gish; loitering. 
 
 An inferior council, after former tedioas suits ia 
 a liigher court, would be but dilatory, and so tu 
 little purpose. Hayward. 
 
 \Vlml wound did ever heal but by decrees ? 
 Thou know'st we work by wit, and nutty witch- 
 craft ; 
 And wit depends on dilatory time, Shak. Ottielto. 
 
 The^e cardinals trifle with me ; I abhor 
 This(ii/af(>rj/ sloth, and tricks of Roii:e. 
 
 Sliaki'sp. Henry VIII. 
 Dilatory fortune plays the jilt 
 With the brave, uubfe, honest, gaiJant man. 
 To throw herself away on fools and knaves. 
 
 Ottrny. 
 A dilatory temper commits innumerable cruel- 
 ties without design. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Dile'ction. ti.s. [dilectio, Lat.] The 
 act of loving ; kindness. 
 
 So free is Christ's dilection, that the grand con- 
 dition of uur felicity is our belief. 
 
 Doyle's Seraphic Lotr. 
 Dile'MMA. n. S. [JiXn^fta.] 
 i. An argument equally conclusive by 
 contrary suppositions. A young rheto- 
 rician applied to an old sophist to be 
 taught the art of pleading, and bargained 
 for a certain reward to be paid, when 
 he should gain a cause. The master 
 sued for his reward, and the scholar en- 
 deavoured to elude his claim by a di- 
 lemma: If I gain my cause, I shall with- 
 hold your pay, because the judge's 
 award will be against you ; if I lose it, 
 I may withhold it, because I shall not 
 yet have gained a cause. On the con- 
 trary, sa3-s the master, if you gain your 
 cause, you must pay me, because you 
 are to pay me when you gain a cause ; 
 if you lose it, you must pay me, be- 
 cause the judge will award it. 
 
 .'V diltmina, that Morton used to raise benevo- 
 lence, soiue cailed his fork, and some his crutch, 
 Bitcon's Henry VII. 
 
 Hope, whose weak being ruin'd is 
 Alike if it succeed, and if it miss ; 
 \Vhoni LTocil or ill does equally coufonnd. 
 And bolliljie horns uf fate s dilemma wound. Cim-l. 
 
 2. .\ difficult or doubtful choice ; a vexa- 
 tious alternative. 
 
 A stronif dilejima in a dcsp'rafe case ! 
 To act with infa-iv, or quit tl.e place, Stcifi. 
 
 A dice dilemma ; either way I'm sped ; 
 If foes tUey write, if irieuds they read, lue dead. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 3 X £21
 
 D I L 
 
 Diligence, n.s. [diUgenlia, Lat.] In- 
 dustry ; assiduity ; constancy in busi- 
 ness ; continuance of endeavour ; unin- 
 termitted application ; the contrary to 
 idleness. 
 Do tliy diligence to come sliortly unto inc. 
 
 ^2 Tim. iv. 9. 
 
 Brethren, give diligence to make your CRiling 
 
 and election sure. - Pel. i. 10, 
 
 DILIGENT, adj. [diligens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Constant in application; persevering 
 in endeavour ; assiduous ; not idle ; not 
 negligent; not lazy. 
 
 Scest tiiou a man (ii/(^'e/i( in liis business, he sliall 
 stand before lyings. I'rov. x\ii. 1^9. 
 
 2. Constantly applied; prosecuted witli 
 aclivity and perseverance; assiduous. 
 
 And the judges shall make diligent inquisiticiii. 
 
 JJeiit. xi\. 
 
 Di'LIGENTLY.o^/i'. [from dUigtnf.] With 
 
 assiduity; with lieed and pLr:,L'\era;iC(;; 
 
 not carelessly; not idly ; not negligently. 
 
 If 3'ou imiuire not atlenlively and ditigeniti/. 
 
 jou shall neMT be able to discern a number of 
 
 mechanical motions. _ Bucon. 
 
 The ancients liave diligently examined in what 
 
 consists the beauty of good postures. 
 
 Dryd. Dufres. 
 
 Dill. n.s. [bile, Sax.] It hath a slender, 
 fibrose, annual root; the leaves are like 
 those of fennel; the seeds are oval, 
 plain, streaked, and bordered. 
 
 Dill is raised of seed, which is ripe in August. 
 
 Morttinef. 
 
 DILU'CID. adj. [dilucidiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Clear ; not opaque. 
 
 2. Clear ; plain ; not obscure. 
 
 To DiLDCiDATE. v.a. [from dilucidare, 
 Lat.] To make clear or plain ; to ex- 
 plain ; to free from obscurity. 
 
 I shall not extenuate, but explain and diluci- 
 date, according to the custom of the ancients. 
 
 Browns Vulg. ETroitrs. 
 
 Dilucida'tion. n. s. [from dilucidatiu, 
 Lat.] Tiie act of making clear ; expla- 
 nation ; exposition. 
 
 DI LUEXT. adj. [di/uens, Lat.] Having 
 the power to thin and attenuate other 
 matter. 
 
 Diluent, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 That which Ihins other matter. 
 
 There is no rea! diluent but water ; every fluid 
 is diluent, as it contains wafer in it. Arbuth.onAli. 
 
 To DILUTE, v.a. [diiuo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make thin ; to attenuate by the ad- 
 mixture of other parts. 
 
 Drinking a large do.se o( diluted tea, as she was 
 ordered by a physician, she got to bed. Locke. 
 
 The aliment ought to be thin to dilute, demul- 
 cent to temper, or acid to subdue. AriutluonAUm. 
 
 2. To make weak. 
 
 The chamber was dark, lest tliese colours should 
 l>e diluted and weakened by the mixture of any 
 adventitious liglit. Newton. 
 
 Dilu'te. adj. Thin ; attenuated. 
 
 If the red and blue colours were more dilute and 
 wciik, the distance of the images would be less 
 than an inch ; and if they were more intense and 
 full, tlmt distance would be greater. Newton. 
 
 Dilu'ter, 71. s. [from dilute.] That which 
 makes any tiling else thin. 
 
 Water is the only diluler, and the best dissolvent 
 of most of ilie ingredients of our aliment. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Dilu'tion. 71. s. [dilutio, Lat,] The act 
 of making any thing thin or weak. 
 
 D I IM 
 
 Opposite to dilution is cuagulation, or thicken- 
 ing, which is performed by dissipating ilie must 
 liquid parts by hcctt, or by insinuating stjuie sub- 
 stances, wliich make the parts t»f tlic lluid cohere 
 more strongly. Arbuthnot on Atimcuts. 
 
 DiLij'viAN. adj. [from diluvium^ Lat.] 
 Relating to the deUige. 
 
 Suppose that this diluvian lake should rise to 
 the mountain tops in one place, and not lUll'use 
 itself equally hito all countries about. 
 
 hurneCs Theory. 
 
 DIM. adj [bniunej Sax. rfy, \Velsh; dow, 
 
 Erse.] 
 
 1. Not having a quick sight ; not seeing 
 clearly. 
 
 For her true form Iiow can my spark discern, 
 Which, (/('m by naiiire, art did never clear.-' Davies. 
 
 2. Dull of apprehension. 
 
 Tito understanding is dim, and cannot by its 
 natural light discover spiritual truths. Rogers 
 
 3. Not clearly seen; obscure; imperfectly 
 discovered. 
 
 We miL'bt be able to aim at sonu' dlin and 
 sceuiing concepliuu, how matttr miglit begin to 
 exist by the power of that eternal first Being. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Something, as dim to our internal view, 
 Is thus perhaps the cause of all we do. Pope. 
 
 4. Obstructing the act of vision; not lu- 
 minous ; somewhat dark. 
 
 Her face right woud'rous fair did seem to be, 
 That her broad beauty's beam great brightness 
 
 threw 
 Through the dim shade, that all men might it see. 
 
 Upe/isei' 
 To Dim. v. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. To cloud; to darken; to hinder from a 
 full perception of light, and free exer 
 cise of vision. 
 
 As where the Almighty's lighlnuig brand does 
 light. 
 
 It dims the dazed eyen, and daunts the senses 
 
 quite. Speuser^s F. Queeu. 
 
 It hath been observed by the ancients, that 
 
 much use of Venus doth dim the sight; and yet 
 
 eunuchs, which are unable to generate, are ne- 
 
 vtrthcless also dim sighted. liacon. 
 
 Kvery one declares against blindness, and ^et 
 
 who almost is not fond of that which dims his 
 
 sight? Locke. 
 
 For thee I dim these eyes, and stuff this head, 
 
 With all such reading as was never read. 
 
 Pifpe's Dunciad. 
 
 2. To make less bright ; to obscure, 
 
 A ship that through the ocean wide, 
 By conduct of some star, doth make her wa3', 
 
 When as a storm hath dimm'd her trusty guide, 
 Out of her course doth wander far astray. Spcuscr. 
 
 All of us have cause 
 To wail the dimming of our shining star. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 Thus wliile he spake, each passion dimmed his 
 
 face, 
 
 Thrice chang'd. Milton. 
 
 The principal figure in a picture is like a king 
 
 among his courtiers, who dims all his attendants. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 DIMENSION. 71. 5, [dimcTisiOy Lat] 
 Space contained in any thing; bulk; 
 extent; capacity. It is seldom used 
 but in the plural. The three dimen- 
 sions are length, breadth, and depth. 
 
 He tried 
 The tomb, and found the strait dimemions wide. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 My gentleman was measuring my walls, and 
 
 taking the dimeiisiom of the room. Swift. 
 
 Dimensionless. adj. [from dimension.] 
 Without any definite bulk. 
 
 In they pass'd 
 Dimensitmkts through lieav'nly doors. MUton 
 
 D 1 M 
 
 DiMENSlVE. adj. [dimaisus, Lat.] That 
 which marks the bountlarics or outlines. 
 
 All bodies have their measure, and their space , 
 But wlio can draw the soul's di?naisive lines.' 
 
 Daviet. 
 
 DiMicATiON. n. s. [dimicatio, Lat.] A 
 battle; the act of fighting; contest. Did. 
 
 DlMlDiATlON. n.s. [dimidiutio, Lat.] 
 The act of halving ; division into two 
 equal parts. Diet. 
 
 To DLMI'NISH. V. a. [diminuo. Lit.] 
 
 1 . To make less by abscission or destruc- 
 tion of any part : the opposite to in- 
 crease. 
 
 That we call good which is apt to cause or in- 
 crease pleasure, or diminish pain in us. Locke. 
 ■i. To impair ; to lessen ; to degrade. 
 
 Impiously they thought 
 Thee to diminish, anVl from thee withdraw 
 '1 lie number of tliy worshippers. I\[iltim. 
 
 3. To take any thing from that to which 
 it belongs : the contrary to add. 
 
 ^olhiui^ was diminished {fom the safetv of the 
 king by the imprisomnent of the duke, hautcurd. 
 
 \e shall not add unto the word which I com 
 mand you, neither shall you dimini^li au;;ht from 
 it. Vent. iv. 'i. 
 
 To Dimi'nish. v.n. To grow less; to 
 be impaired. 
 
 \Vhat judgment I had, increases rather than 
 diminishes j and thoughts, such as they are, come 
 crowding in so fast upon nie, that niy only diffi- 
 culty is to chuse or to reject. Dryden. 
 
 Crete's ample fields diminish to our e} e ; 
 Before the Boreal blasts the vessels lly. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Dimi'nishingly. adv. [from diminish.] 
 
 In a manner tending to vilify, or lessen, 
 
 I never heard him censure, or so much as speak 
 diminishingly of any one that was absent. Locke, 
 
 Diminution, n.s. [diminulio, Lit.] 
 
 1. The act of making less: oj)posed to 
 augmentation, 
 
 'the one is not capabloof any diminntion or aug- 
 mentation at all by men; the otlier apt to adnut 
 both. Hooker. 
 
 2. The state of grov?ing less : opposed to 
 inci'ease. 
 
 The gravitating power of the sun is transmitted 
 throuuh the vast Dodiesof the planets v. iihout any 
 diminittion, so as to act upon all their parts, to 
 their very centres, with the same force, and ac- 
 cording to the same laws, as if the part upon 
 which it acts were not surrounded with the_ body 
 of the planet. Neict'Vi, 
 
 Finite and infinite seem to be looked upon as 
 the modes of quantity, and to be attributed pri- 
 marily to those things which are capable of in- 
 crease or dimijiution. Locke. 
 
 3. Discredit; loss of dignity; degradation. 
 
 Gladly to thee 
 Heroick laurel'd Eugene yields the prime ; 
 Nor thinks it diminution to be rank'd 
 In military honour next. Fhilipt. 
 
 4. Deprivation of dignity ; injury of re- 
 put;ition. 
 
 Make me wise by thy truth, for my own soul'i' 
 salvation, and I shall not regard the'world's opi- 
 nion or diminution of nie. A'i'ig Charles. 
 
 They might raise the reputation of another, 
 though the3' are a diminution to his. Addis. Sped. 
 
 5. [In architecture.] The contraction of 
 the diameter of a column, as it ascends. 
 
 Dimi'nutive. adj. [dimini<fiiits, Lat.] 
 Small ; little ; narrow ; contracted. 
 
 The. poor wren. 
 The most diminutae of birds, will fight. 
 Her young ones in her nest, against the owl. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 522
 
 D I M 
 
 It is the iiiterest of mankind, in order to the ad- 
 vance of knowledge, to be son'sible they have yet 
 attained it but in poor and dirn'mutke measure. 
 
 GUinvilk's ScepsU. 
 
 The light of man's understanding is but a sliori, 
 diminiit'ue, contracted light, and looks not bejonil 
 the present. ~ Soudi. 
 
 If the ladies should once take a liking to such a 
 diminutive race of lovers, we should, ni a little 
 time, see mankind epitomized, and the whole spe- 
 cies in miniature. Addison. 
 
 They know how weak and aukward muny of 
 those little diminutiic discourses are. II ults. 
 
 Dimi'nutive. n.s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A word formed to express littleness ; 
 as lapitlns, in Lat. a little stone ; mai- 
 sonette, in Fr. a little house ; maniken, 
 in Eng. a little man. 
 
 He afterwards proving a dainty and effeminate 
 youth, was cominoidy called, by the dimimUice of 
 his name, Peterkin or Perkin. 'Bacon's Hen. VII. 
 
 Siiu, while but Sim, in good repute did live ; 
 Was tiien a knave, but in diminutice. Cottm. 
 
 2. A small thing : a sense not now in use. 
 
 Follow his cliariot ; monster-like, be shewn 
 For poor'st diminutives, lor doits ! Shakesp. 
 
 DiMl'NUTlVELY. adv. [from diminutive.] 
 
 In a diminutive manner. 
 DiMiNUTivENESS. n. s. [from diminu- 
 tive.] Smallness ; littleness ; pettyness ; 
 want of bulk ; want of dignity. 
 Di'mish. adj. [from dim.] Somewhat 
 dim : somewhat obscure. 
 
 'Tis true, but let it not be known, 
 Mv eyes are somewhat dimish grown; 
 For nature, always in the right. 
 To your decays adapts my sight. Su'ift. 
 
 Di'missoRY. adj. [dimissoi-ius, Lat.] 
 That by which a man is dismissed to 
 another jurisdiction. 
 
 A bishop of another diocess ought neither to 
 ordain or admit a clerk, without the consent of his 
 own proper bishop, and without tUe letters dimis- 
 sffrtj. Ayli^e's Purergon. 
 
 Di'mitty. n. s. A fine kind of fustian, 
 or cloth of cotton. 
 
 I directed a trowze uf fine dimitty. Wiseman. 
 Di'mly. adv. [from dim.] 
 
 1. Not with a quick sight; not with a 
 clear perception. 
 
 Unspeakable ! who sitt'st above these heav'ns. 
 To us invisible, ot dimly seen. 
 In these thy lowest works. i Milton. 
 
 2. Not brightly ; not luminously. 
 
 In the beginning of our pumping the air, the 
 match appeared well lighted, though it had al- 
 most filled the receiver with fumes ; but by degrees 
 it burnt more and more dimly. 
 
 Boyle's Spring of the Air. 
 
 I saw th' angelick guards from earth ascend, 
 Griev'd they must now no longer man attend ; 
 The beams about their temples dimly shone ; 
 One would have thought the crime bad been their 
 own. Dryden. 
 
 Di'mness. n.s. [from dim.] 
 
 1. Dulness of sight. 
 
 2. Want of apprehension ; stupidity. 
 
 Answerable to this dimness of their perception, 
 
 was the whole system and body of their religion. 
 
 Decay of Fiety. 
 
 DI'MPLE. n. s. [dint a hole ; dintle a 
 little hole ; by a careless pronunciation 
 dimple. Skinnei-.] A small cavity or de- 
 pression in the cheek, chin, or other 
 part. 
 
 The dimple of the upper lip is the common mea- 
 sure of them all. Grew. 
 
 D I N 
 
 In hor forehead's fair half-round. 
 Love sits in open triumph crown'd ; 
 ile in the dtmp/c of herchhi, 
 In private state, by friexids is seen. Prior. 
 
 To Di'mple. i\ n. [from the noun.] To 
 sink in small cavities, or little inequali- 
 ties. 
 The wild waves master'd him, and suck'd him 
 in. 
 And smiling eddies dimpled on the mahi. Dryden. 
 
 Eternal smiles liis emptiness betray, 
 As sliallijw streams run dimpling all the way. Pope. 
 
 Dimpled, adj* [from dimpie.'\ Set with 
 
 dimples. 
 
 On each side her 
 Stood pretty dimpled boys like smiling Cupids. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Di'mply. adj. [from dimple.'] Full of 
 dimples ; sinking in little inequalities 
 
 As the smooth surface of the dimply tluod 
 The silver-slipper'd virgin lightly trod. 
 
 Warton^s his. 
 
 DIN. 71. .9. [byn a noise ; bynan to make 
 a noise. Sax. dijna to thunder, hland- 
 ick.] A loud noise ; a violent and con- 
 tinued sound. 
 
 And all the way he roared as he went. 
 That all the forest with astonishment 
 Thereof did tremble ; and the beasts therein 
 Fled fast away from that so dreadful din. 
 
 Hubberd's Tale. 
 
 O, 'twas a rfm to fright a monster's ear ; 
 To make an earthquake : sure, it was tlic roar 
 Of a whole herd of lions. Shuhesp. Tempest. 
 
 \Vliile the cock with lively din 
 
 Scatters the roar of darkness thin; 
 And to the stack, or the barn-door. 
 Stoutly struts his dame before. Milton. 
 
 Now night over heav'n 
 Inducing darkness, grateful truce irapos'd, 
 And silence, on the odious din of war. MHUm. 
 
 How, w hiie the troubled elements around. 
 Earth, water, air, the stunning (rtn resound, 
 Thro' streams of smoke and adverse fire he rides, 
 While every shot is ievelTd at his sides. Smith. 
 
 Some independent ideas, of no alliance to one 
 another, are, by education, custom, and the con- 
 stant din of their party, so coupled in their minds, 
 that they always appear there together. Luche. 
 
 To Din. u. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To stun with noise ; to harass with 
 
 clamour. 
 
 leather live 
 To bait thee for his bread, and din your ears 
 With hungry cries. Otway's Venice Preserved. 
 
 '2. To impress with violent and continued 
 
 noise. 
 
 What shall we do, if his majesty puts out a 
 proclamatiun commandmg us to take W ood's half- 
 pence ? This hath beeu often dinned iu mv ears. 
 
 " SiiiJ^. 
 
 To DINE. V. n. [diner, Fr.] To eat the 
 chief meal about the middle of the day. 
 
 Perhaps some merchant hath innted him. 
 And from the mart he 's somewhere gone to 
 
 dinner : 
 Good sister, let us dine, and never fret. Shahesp. 
 
 Myself, he, and my sister. 
 To-day did dine toaether. " Shakesp. 
 
 He would dine with him the next day. Clarend. 
 
 Thus, of your heroes and brave boys, 
 With whom old Homer makes such uoise^ 
 The greatest actions I can find. 
 Are, that they did their work and dind. Prior. 
 
 To Dine. v. a. To give a dinner to; to 
 feed. 
 
 Boil this restoring root in gen'rous wine, 
 And set beside the door the sickly stock to dine. 
 'Dryden s Virgil. 
 
 Dine'tical. adj, [^iv^nx©-.] Whirling 
 round ; vertiginous. 
 
 D I X 
 
 Some of late have concluded, from spots in the 
 sun, which ap{'ear and disappear a^ain, that, bc- 
 sideii the revolution it niaketh uiih it» orbs, it 
 hath al>o a dinelical motion, ami rolN upon its 
 own poles. Brotai'i Vul/^ar Errourt. 
 
 A spherical figure is most commodious for dine- 
 lical motiun, or rcvolutiim upon its own aiis. /<ay. 
 
 To DING. pret. dung. v. a. [dringen, 
 
 Dut.] 
 
 1. To dash with violence. 
 
 2. To impress with force. 
 
 7'o Ding. t'. 71. To bluster; to bounce; 
 to huff". A low word. 
 
 He hutfs and dings, because we will not .spend 
 the little we have left, to get liim the title of^ lord 
 Strut. Arbuthnol. 
 
 Ding-dong. n. s. .\ word by which the 
 sound of bells is imitated. 
 
 Let us all ring fancy's knell ; 
 Ding, dong hell. Shakesp. 
 
 Di'ngle. n s. [from ben, or bin a hollow. 
 Sax.] A hollow between hills ; a dale. 
 
 I kufjw each lane, and every alley green. 
 Dingle or busli^' dell of this wild wood ; 
 
 And every h'osky bourn from sifle lu side, 
 My daily walks and ancient neighhuurhood. 
 
 Mitlim. 
 
 Di'ning-room. n.s. [dine and ro. w.] 
 The ))rincipal apartment of the hou.se; 
 the room where entertainojents are 
 made. 
 
 He went out from the dining-room before he had 
 fallen into ernnir by the intemperance of his meat, 
 or the deluge of drink. Taylor's Rule of' Living livty. 
 
 Di'nner. n.s. [diner, Fr.] The chief 
 meal ; the meal eaten about the middle 
 of the day. 
 
 Let me not stay a jot for dinner: 
 Go, pet it ready. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Before diHner and supper, as often as it is con- 
 venient, or can be had, let the public pravers of 
 the church, or some parts of them, be saitl pub- 
 licly in the family. Toytiv. 
 
 The jolly crew, unmindful of the past. 
 The quarry share, their plenteous dinner baste. 
 Dryden's JEtieid. 
 
 Dinner-time. n.s. [dinner sad time.] 
 The time of dining. 
 
 At dinner-time, 
 I pray you, have in mind where we must meet. 
 
 Sliakeap. 
 Then from the mint walks forth the man of 
 rhyme, 
 Happy tu catch me just at dinr>er-h"me. Pope. 
 
 DINT. n. s. [byn?, Sax.] 
 
 1. A blow ; a stroke. 
 
 Much daunted with that dint, her sense was 
 daz'd ; 
 Yet, kindling rage, herself she gather'd round. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Neither vainly hope 
 To be invulnerable in these bright arms, 
 Though temper'd heav'nly ; for that mortal dint. 
 Save he who reigns above, none can resist. Milton. 
 
 2. The mark made by a blow ; the cavity , 
 remaining after a violent pressure. 
 
 He einbrac'd her naked body o'er ; 
 And, straining hard the statue, was afraid 
 His bauds had made a diiH, and burl the nmid. 
 
 Drydtn. 
 
 3. Violence; force; power. 
 
 Now yon weep ; and, I perceive, vou feci 
 The di'it of jnty. Sliakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 We are to tvrest the whole Spanish monarchy 
 out of the hands of the enemy ; and, in order to 
 it, to work our way into the heart of his country 
 by di"' of arms. .4diii»f'n. 
 
 The dewlapt bull now chafes along llie pl.ain. 
 While burning love ferments in ev'rv vein ; 
 His well-arm'd front against his rival aims, 
 Aud by the dint of wu liis misUess claims. Coil 
 
 523
 
 DIP 
 
 Tt/ Dint. v. a. [from ihe noun.] To mark 
 witli a cavity by a blow, or violuut im- 
 pression. 
 
 Willi j;reed_y force each other both_ assail, 
 And strike soliercely, that they do impress 
 Dee^<-dinted furrows in the batter'd mail : 
 The iron walls to ward their blows were w<ak and 
 frail. Faii-ij Queen. 
 
 Leave, leave, fair bride, your solitary bone, 
 No more shall you return to it alone ; 
 It niirseth sadness ; and your body's print. 
 Like to a grave, the yielding down doth dint. 
 
 Dnnne. 
 
 Deep-dinted wrinkles on lier cheeks she draws ; 
 Sunk are her eyes, and toothless are her jaws. 
 
 Driiden's JEneid 
 
 Dinumera'tion. n. s. [dinumiratio, 
 
 Lat.] The act of numbering out .singly. 
 
 Dioce'san. n.i-. [from dioce.^ts.] A bishop, 
 
 as he stands related to his own clergy 
 
 or flock. 
 
 As a diocesan you are like to outdo yourself in 
 all other capacities, and exeuiiilify every word of 
 this discourse. South. 
 
 1 have heard it has been advised by a diocesan 
 to his inferior clergy, that they should read some 
 of the most celebrated sermons printed by others. 
 
 Tatter. 
 Dl'OCESS. n. s. [dicecesis ; a Greek word, 
 coiTipounded of Jii and ojojcn;.] The 
 circuit of every bishop's jurisdiction; 
 for this realm has two divisions, one 
 into shires or counties, in respect of 
 temporal policy ; another into dioceses, 
 in respect of jurisdiction ecclesiastical. 
 
 Cuivcll. 
 
 None ought to be admitted by any bishop, but 
 such as have dwelt and remained in his dioccss a 
 convenient time. ]yhitgift. 
 
 He should regard the bishop of Rome as the 
 islanders of .Tersey and Guernsey do him of Con- 
 stance in Normandy ; that is, nothing at all, since 
 by that French bishop's refusal to swear unto our 
 king, those isles were annexed to the dioccss of 
 Wiiichesler. Raleigh's t'ssrii/s. 
 
 St Paul looks upon Titus as advanced to the 
 digiiitv of a prince, ruler of the church, and in- 
 tnistee'l with a large diocfS, containing many |)ar- 
 ticular cities, under the immedlHte guveriiment of 
 their respcciivc elders, and those deriving autho- 
 rity from his ordinaiion. South. 
 
 DIO'PTRICAL. )n. s. [^.oV1oft«..] Af- 
 DIO'PTRICK. 3 fording a medium for 
 the sight; assisting the sight in the 
 view of distant olijects. 
 
 Being excellently well furnished with dioptrical 
 glasses, he had not been able to see the sun 
 spotted. Patile. 
 
 View the asperilies of the moon tl'.rough a diop- 
 triffc glass, and venture at the proportion of her 
 hills iJy their shadows. More'sAnlid.againstAtheism. 
 Djo'ptricks. n. s. A part of opticks, 
 treating of the different refractions of 
 the light passing through different me- 
 diums ; as the air, water, glasses, &c. 
 
 Harris. 
 DiORTHO'siS. n.S. [Jm^Suo-K, of Jio^Sow to 
 make straight] A chirurgical opera- 
 tion, by which crooked or distorted 
 members are restored to their primitive 
 and regular shape. Harris. 
 
 To DIP. V. a. pret. dipped; particip. dip- 
 ptd, or dipt, [bippan. Sax. doopen, 
 Dut.] 
 ] . To immerge ; to put into any liquor. 
 The person to be baptized may be dipped in wa- 
 ter; and such an iaiinersion or dipping ought to 
 be m-ide thrice, according to the canon. 
 
 Ayli£ts Parergon. 
 
 D I P 
 
 Old Corineus compass'd thrice the crew. 
 And dipped an olive-branch in holy dew, 
 Which tlirice 111' sprinkled round, and thrice aloud 
 Invok'd the dead, and then disniiss'il the crowd. 
 Dritden's Alneid. 
 He turn'd a tyrant in Iiis latter days. 
 And from the briglit meridian where" he stood. 
 Descending, dippd his hands in lovers' blood. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 The kindred arts shall in their praise conspire. 
 One dip the pencil, and one string the lyre. Fope. 
 
 Now, on fancy's easy wing convey'd. 
 The king descended to th' Elysian shade ; 
 There iu a dusky vale, where Lethe rolls. 
 Old Bavins sits "to dip poetic souls. Pope's Dune. 
 So fishes, rising from the main. 
 Can soar with luoisten'd wings on high ; 
 
 The moisture dried, they sink again, 
 And dip their wings again to fly. Swift. 
 
 2. To moisten ; to wet. 
 
 And though not mortal, yet a cold shudd'riiig 
 dew 
 Di;K me all o'er, as when the wrath of Jove 
 Speaks thunder. Milton. 
 
 3. To be engaged in any affair. 
 
 When men are once dipt, what with the encou- 
 ragements of sense, custom, facility, aud shame of 
 departing from what they have given themselves 
 up to, they go on till they are stilled. L'Estrange. 
 
 In Richard's time, 1 doubt, he was a little dipt 
 in the rebellion of the commons. Dryden's FuhUs. 
 
 4. To engage as a pledge: generally used 
 for the first mortgage. 
 
 Be careful still of the main chance, my sou ; 
 Put out the principal in trusty hands. 
 Live on the use, aud never dip thy lands. 
 
 iJryden's Persius. 
 
 To Tip. v. n. 
 
 1. To sink; to immerge. 
 
 We have snakes in our cups, and in our dishes ; 
 and whoever di/>s too deep will find death in the 
 pot. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. To enter ; to pierce. 
 
 The vullure dipping in Prometheus' side. 
 His bloody beak with his torn liver dyed. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 3. To enter slightly into any thing. 
 
 When I think all the repetitions are struck out 
 ill a c<jpy, I sometimes find more upon dipping in 
 the first "volume. Pope. 
 
 4. To take that which comes first ; to 
 chuse by chance. 
 
 \\'ith what ill thoughts of Jove art thou pos- 
 scss'd ? 
 Wouldst thou prefer him to some man? Suppose 
 I dipp'd among the worst, and Stains chose ? 
 
 Drydens Pcrsius. 
 Dl'pCHlCK. n.S. [from dip and chicle] 
 The name of a bird. 
 Dipchicli is so named of his diving and littleness. 
 
 Carcw. 
 DiPE'TALOUS. adj. [Sn and wtraXot.] 
 
 Having two flower leaves. 
 Dl'pHTHONG. ?l. s. [^i^Sovy®-.] A Coali- 
 tion of two vowels to form one sound ; 
 as vain, leaf, Ciesar. 
 
 We see how many disputes the simple and am- 
 biguous nature of vowels created among gramma- 
 rians, aud how it has begot the mistake concern- 
 ing dijo/it/iongs; all that are properly so are sylla- 
 bles, and not diphtlwngs, as is intended to be sig- 
 nified by that word. Holder's Elements of S/wt'c/i. 
 JMake a diphthong of the second eta and iota, in- 
 stead of their being two syllables, arid the objec- 
 tion is gone. Pope. 
 
 Di'PLOE. n. s. The inner plate or lamina 
 of the skull. 
 
 Diplo'ma. 71. s. [JnrXii/*<».] A letter or 
 writing conferring some privilege ; so 
 called, because they used formerly to 
 be written on waxed tables, and folded 
 together. 
 
 D I II 
 
 Di'ppEU. n. s. [from dip.] One that dipt 
 
 in the water. 
 Dipping A'cfY//f. n.s. A device which 
 shews a particular property of the mag- 
 netick needle, so that, besides its pola- 
 rity or verticity, which is its direction 
 of altitude, or height above the horizon, 
 when duly poised about an horizontal 
 axis, it will always point to a determined 
 degree of altitude, or elevation above 
 the horizon, in this or that place respect- 
 ively. 
 Dl'p.SAS. n. s. [Latin, from Ai]/(i« to 
 thirst.] A serpent, whose bite produces 
 the sensation of unquenchable thirst. 
 
 Scorpion, and asp, and amphisboRna dire, 
 Cerastes horn'd, hydrus, and ellops drear. 
 And dipsas. Miltort. 
 
 Dl'PTOTE. n.S. [imIcJIa.] A noun consist- 
 ing of two cases only. Clarice. 
 Di'PTYCH. n.S. [dipt i/cha, Lat. t\vo]ea\vs 
 folded together.] A register of bishops 
 and martyrs. 
 
 The commemoration of saints was made out of 
 the diptijchs of the cliurch, as appears by multi- 
 tudes of places in St. Austin. StiHingJicvt. 
 DIRE. adj. [diriLS, Lat.] Dreadl'ul ; dis- 
 mal ; mournful ; horrible ; terrible ; evil 
 in a great degree. 
 
 Women fight, 
 To doif their dire distresses. Stiahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 jMore by intemperance die 
 In meats and rlrinks, which on the earth shall 
 
 bring 
 Diseases dire ; of which a monstrous crew 
 Before thee shall appear. Milton. 
 
 Hydras, and gorgons, aud chimajras dice'. 
 
 Milton. 
 Or what the cross rfin-'-looking planet siiiites. 
 Or hurtful worm with canker'd venom bites. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Dire was the tossing, deep the groans, despair 
 
 Tended the sick. Milton. 
 
 Disctird ! dire sister of the slaughter'd pow'r. 
 Small at her birth, but rising ev'ry lionr ; 
 \\ liile scirce the skies her horrid head can hound. 
 She stalks on earth, and shakes the world around. 
 
 Po})e. 
 DIRE'CT. adj. [direct us, Lat.] 
 
 1. Straight; nol crooked. 
 
 2. Nol oblique. 
 
 The ships would move in one and the same sur- 
 face; and consequently must needs encounter 
 w hen they either advance towards one another, in 
 dij-ect lines, or meet in the intersection of cross 
 lines. Bentley. 
 
 3. [In astronomy.] Appearing to an eye 
 on earth to move progressively through 
 the zodiac ; not retrograde. 
 
 Two geonir.ntick figures ^\ere riisplay'd 
 Above nis head, a warrior and a maid. 
 One when direct, and one when retrograde. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 4. Not collateral, as the grandson suc- 
 ceeds his grandsire in a direct line. 
 
 5. Apparently tending to some end, as in 
 a straight line. 
 
 Such was as then the state of the king, as it 
 was no time by direct means to seek her And 
 such was the state of his captivated will, as he 
 would delay no time of seeking her. Sidney. 
 
 He that does this, will be able to cast off all that 
 is superfluous : he will see what is pei tinent, what 
 coherent ; what is direct to, what slides l>y, the 
 question. Locke. 
 
 6. Open ; not ambiguous. 
 
 There be, that are in nature faithful and sin- 
 cere, and plain and direct, not crafty and involved. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 &^4
 
 D I R 
 
 7. Plain; express. 
 
 He no where, th:it I know, says it in tl'irect 
 words. I^cke. 
 
 To Direct, v. a. [dirigo, directum^ Lat.] 
 
 1. To aim or drive in a straight line. 
 
 Two eagles from a nuMintaia's l)ei;;hl, 
 By Jove's cummand, direct llieirnipid flight. Fopt. 
 
 2. To point against as a mark. 
 
 The si>ear flew hi.ssing thro' the middle space. 
 And pierc'd bis throat, dirtcUd at his face, 
 
 Drydtns ^neid. 
 
 3. To regulate ; to adjust. 
 
 It is not ill man that walketh to direct his steps. 
 
 Jer. X. M'^. 
 
 Wisdom is nrofitahle to direct. £cclus. x. 10. 
 
 Al! that is in a man's power, is to mind \vhat 
 tlie ideas are that tal-e tiieir turns in his undcr- 
 standi ''; or else to direct and sort, and calf iu 
 such as lie desires. Lucke. 
 
 4. To prescribe certain measure; to mark 
 out a certain course. 
 
 H-' dirccttlh it under tlie whole heavens, and 
 his lightning unto tlie ends of the earth. 
 
 Job, xxxvii. 3. 
 
 5. To order ; to command : to dh'ect is a 
 softer term than to command. 
 
 Dire'cter n.s. [direcforj Lat,] 
 
 1. One that directs; one that prescribes. 
 
 2. An instrument that serves to guide 
 any manual operation. 
 
 DiRF.'cTiON. n.s, [directio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Aim at a certain point. 
 
 These men's ojiinions are not tlie product of 
 judgment, or tlie consequence of reason ; but the 
 effects of chance and hazard, of a mind floating 
 at all adventures, without choice, and without di- 
 rection. Locke. 
 
 The direction of good works to a good end, is 
 the only principle that distinguishes charity. 
 
 Smalridge. 
 
 2. Motion impressed by a certain impulse. 
 
 No particle of matter, nor any combination of 
 particles, tliat is, no body, can either move of itself, 
 or of itself alter the riirec(w« of its motion. Cheyne. 
 
 3. Order ; command ; prescription. 
 
 From the counsel that St. Jerome giveth Laeta, 
 of taking heed how she read the apocrypha ; as 
 also by fhe help of other learned men's judgments, 
 delivered in like case, we may take direction. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Ev'n now 
 I put myself to thy direction. Skakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Tlie iiobles of the people digged it, by the di- 
 rection of the law-giver. Numb. xxi. 18. 
 
 Men's passions and God's direction seldom 
 agree. King Charles. 
 
 General directions for scholastic disputers, is, 
 never to dispute upon mere trifles. Ti'a(£5. 
 
 4. Regularity ; adjustment. 
 
 All nature is but art unknown to thee ; 
 All chance, rfi>ec(w« which thou canst not see. Pope. 
 
 Dire'ctive. 71. s. [from dirtct.] 
 
 1. Having the power of direction, 
 
 A law therefore, generally taken, is a directive 
 rule unto goodness of operation. Hooker. 
 
 A power of command there is without all ques- 
 tion, though there be sume doubt in what faculty 
 this command doth principally reside, whetlier in 
 the will or the understaiuling. The true resolution 
 is, that the directive command for counsel is in the 
 understanding ; and Uie applicative command, or 
 empire, for i)utiuig iuo.\eculion of what is direct- 
 ed, is in the will. BramhuU against Hobbcs. 
 
 On the directive powers of the former, and the 
 rt|gularity of the latter, whereby it is capable of 
 direction, depends the generation of all bodies. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 2. Informing; shewing the way. 
 
 Nor visited by one directive ra^', 
 From cottage streunnng, or from airy hall. Thorns. 
 
 Directly, adv, [from direct.] 
 1. In a straight line; rectilineally. 
 
 D I R 
 
 The more a body is near to the eyes, and llie 
 nmrc directly it is opposed to them, the more it is 
 enlightened ; because the light languishes and les- 
 sens, the farther it reuiovesfrom its projier source. 
 Drifden's Dufrcsmni. 
 
 There was no other place assigned to any of this 
 matter, than that whereunto its own gravity bore 
 it, which was only directty downwards, whereby 
 it obtained that place in the giube which was just 
 underneath. Woodward. 
 
 If the refracted ray be returned directly back to 
 the point of incidence, it shall be refracted by the 
 incident ray. Xcuton^s Opticks. 
 
 2. Immediately; apparently; without cir- 
 cumlocution ; without any long train of 
 consequence. 
 Infidels, being clean without the church, deny 
 
 directly, and utterly reject, the very principles of 
 Cliristianity , which herelicks embrace erroncitusly 
 by misconstruction. Hmker. 
 
 No man hath hitherto been so impious, as plain- 
 ly and directly to condemn prayer. Hooker. 
 
 By asserting the scrij>ture to be the canon of 
 our faith, 1 have unavoidably created to myself 
 enemit's in the [japists directlu, because they have 
 kept the scripture from us what they could. ^ 
 
 Dryd. Pref. to Relit^io Laici. 
 
 His work directly tends to raise sentiments of 
 honour and virtue in his readers. Addis. Freeholder. 
 
 No reason can be assigned, why it is best fur 
 tlie world that God Almighty hath absolute jk»w- 
 er, which doth not directly prove that no n.orttil 
 man should have the like. Sicijt. 
 
 Dire'ctn ess. n.x. [^romdirect.] Straight- 
 ness; tendency to any point; the nearest 
 way. 
 
 They argued from celestial causes only, the con- 
 stant vicinity of the sun, and the directness of liis 
 rays ; never suspecting that the body of the earth 
 had so great an eihciency in the changes of the air. 
 
 Bent ley. 
 
 Dire'ctor. n.s. [dirtcfor, Lat.] 
 
 1. One that has authority over others ; a 
 superintendent; one that has the gene- 
 ral management of a design or uork. 
 
 Himself stood director over them, with nodding 
 
 or stamping, shewing he did like or luialike those 
 
 things he did not understand. &idneu. 
 
 In all affairs thou sole director. Suijt. 
 
 2. A rule ; an ordinance. 
 
 Common forms were not design'd 
 Directors to a noble mind. Suift. 
 
 3. An instructor; one who shews the 
 proper methods of proceeding. 
 
 They are glad to use counsellors and directors in 
 all their dealings of weight, as contracts, te-ta- 
 raents. Hooker. 
 
 4. One who is consulted in cases of con- 
 science. 
 
 I am her director and her guide in spiritual af- 
 fairs. Dryden. 
 o. One appointed to transact the affairs 
 of a trading company, 
 \\ hat made directors cheat in south-sea year ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 6. An instrument in surgery, by which 
 the hand is guided in its operation. 
 
 The manner nf opening with a knife, is by slid- 
 ing it on a director, the groove of whieh prevents 
 its being misguided. Sharp\t Surgery. 
 
 Directory, n.s. [from director.] The 
 book which the factious preachers pub- 
 lished in the rebellion for the direction 
 of their sect in acts of worsliip. 
 
 As to the ordinance concerning the rfjrfcr<»rt/, we 
 cannot consent to the taking away of the book of 
 common prayer. Orford Reasons against the Cov. 
 
 Di'refvl. adj. [This word is frequent 
 among the poets, but has been censured 
 as not analogical ; all other words com- 
 pounded with full consisting of a sub- 
 
 D I 11 
 
 stantive and full ; as, dreadful, or full 
 of dread; joyful, or full of joy.] Dire; 
 dreadful; dismal. 
 
 Point of 9pear it never piercen would, 
 Ne dint of direful sword divide the tubstancs 
 could. Fairu QiU€n. 
 
 But>etit la^t, whereas the direful fii-iid 
 Slie saw not stir, olT shal^ing vain alfright. 
 
 She niglic-r drew, and saw that jo^'ous end ; 
 Then GihI she pray'd, and thanK'd her faithful 
 kniglil. Fuiry Queen. 
 
 Dirfjut Imp betide that hated wretcft 
 That makes us wretclicd bj tlic death of thee. 
 
 The voice of G"d himself speaks in the heart 
 of men, wliethcr the^' understand it or no; and by 
 secret inliinations gives the sinner a foretaste of 
 that ^tre/tf/ cnp, which he is Uke to driitk more 
 dcepl V of hereafter. South. 
 
 1 curs'd the direful antlior of my woes : 
 'Twas told again, and thence niv ruin rose. Dryd. 
 
 Achilles' wrath, to Greeks tlie direful spring 
 Of woes unuuiiiber'd, heavenly goddess! siitg. 
 
 Pope. 
 Di'reness. n. s. [from dire.'] Dismalness; 
 horror ; hideousness. 
 
 Direness, familiar to my slacghtVous thoughts. 
 
 Cannot once start me. Shakerp. Macbeth. 
 
 DlREPTloN. n s. [direptiu, Lat.] 'Jhe 
 
 act of plundering. 
 Dirge, n. s. [This is not a contraction of 
 the L;it. dirigc, in the popish lij-mn, 
 Dirig:f grcssus metis, as some pmtend ; 
 bat from the Teutonic dyiLe, laudare 
 to praise and extol. Whence it is possi- 
 ble their di/rke, and our dirge, was a 
 laudatory song to commemorate and 
 applaud the flead. f^rsUgan. Bacon 
 ajjparently derives it from dirige.] A 
 mournful ditty; a sonjj of lamentation. 
 
 Tir imperial juinlrcss of this warlike slate 
 Have we, as 'twere, with a defeated jov, 
 \Vith mirtii in funeraf, and witli dir^e in roar- 
 
 riage. 
 In equ:d scale weighing delight and dele, 
 Taken lo wife. Jftu/iEj). Hamlet. 
 
 Meanwhile the budy of Richard, at'ler majiv 
 indignities and reproacnes, the diiiges and obse- 
 quies (if the common people towards tyrants, was 
 obscurely liuried. " Bacon. 
 
 You from above shall hear each day 
 One dirge dispatch'd unto ytmr clav ; 
 Tiicse your owii anthems sFiall become. 
 Your lusting epicedium. Sandys. 
 
 All due nieasures of her mourning kept. 
 Did office at the dirge, and by infecuon wept. 
 
 Vryden. 
 DlRlGENT. adj. [dirigens, Lat.] 
 
 The dirigeiit line in peoinetrv is that alongwhich 
 the line describent is carried in the generation of 
 any tigure. Harm. 
 
 DIRK. n.s. [an Erse word.] A kind of 
 dagger used in the Iliglilands of Scot- 
 land. 
 
 In vain thy hungry mountaineers 
 Come fortli in all their warlike geers, 
 'J he shield, the pistol, dirk, and dasger. 
 In wliicii they daily wont to swagger." TickglL 
 
 To DiRKE. v.a. To spoil ; to ruin. Ob- 
 solete. 
 
 Thy waste bigness but cumbers the ground. 
 And dirkes the beauties of my blofsoms round. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 DIRT. n. s. [dr,/t, Dut. dirt, Islandick.] 
 1. Mud ; fillli ; mire ; any tiling that sticks 
 to the clothes or body. 
 
 They, gilding dirt in iioble verse, 
 
 Rustick pliilosophy rehearse.' Dertham. 
 
 Numbers engage their lives and InK'urs to heap 
 
 together a little iirt that shall burv them in the 
 
 end. " M'ake.
 
 D I S 
 
 The sea rises as high as ever, tliough tlie great 
 heaps of dirt it brings along witli it are am to 
 choali up the shallows. Addison. 
 
 Mark hy what wretched steps their glory grow s ; 
 From dirt and sea-woed as proud Venice rose : 
 In each how guilt and greatness equal ran. 
 Ant] all that niis'd the hero sunk the loan. Pope. 
 
 Is yellov** dirt the passion of thy life ? 
 Look but on Gripus, or on Gripus' wife. Pope. 
 2. Meanness ; sordidness. 
 To Dirt. r.a. [from the noun.] To foul; 
 to bemire ; to make filthy ; to bedaub ; 
 to soil; to pollute; to nasty. 
 
 Ill company is like a dog, who dirts those most 
 ■whom he loves best. " Swi/'t. 
 
 Dirt-pie. n.s. [dirt and pie.] Forms 
 moulded by children of clay, in imita- 
 tion of pastry. 
 
 Thou settest thy heart upon that which has new- 
 ly left off making of dirt-pies, and is but preparing 
 itself for a green-sickness. Suckling. 
 
 Dirtily, adv. [from dirti/.] 
 
 J . Nastily ; foully ; filthily. 
 
 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; shamefully. 
 
 Such gold as that wherewithal 
 
 Chlmiques from each mineral 
 
 Are dirtily and desperately gulTd. Donne. 
 
 Di'rtiness. ti.s. [from' difl I/.] 
 1. Nastiness ; filthiness; foulness. 
 '2. Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness. 
 Di'kty. adj. [from dirt.] 
 
 1. Foul; nasty; filthy. 
 Thy Dol and Helen of thy noble thoughts 
 
 Is in base durance, and contagious prison, 
 Haul'd thither by mechanic, dirty hands. Sliukesp. 
 
 2. Sullied ; cloudy ; not elegant. 
 Pound an almond, and the clear white colour 
 
 will be altered into a dirty one, and the sweet taste 
 into an oily one. Locke. 
 
 3. Mean ; base ; despicable. 
 Such employments are the diseases of labour, 
 
 and tlie rust of time, which it contracts not by 
 lying still, but by dirty employment. 
 
 Taylor s Holy Living. 
 
 Marriages would be made up upon more natu- 
 ral motives than meer dirty interests, and increase 
 of riches without measure or end. Temple. 
 
 They come at length to grow sots and epicures, 
 mean in their discourses, and dirty ill their ]Jrac- 
 tices. South. 
 
 To Di'rty. It. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To foul ; to soil. 
 The lords Strutts lived generously, and never 
 
 used to dirty their fingers with pen, irili, and coun- 
 ters. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. To disgrace ; to scandalize. 
 DIRUTTION. n.s. [diruptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of bursting, or breaking. 
 
 2. The state of bursting, or breaking. 
 
 Dis. An inseparable particle used in com- 
 position, implying commonly a priva- 
 tive or negative signification of the word 
 to which it is joined : as, to arm, to dis- 
 arm; to join, to di.yoin. It is borrowed 
 from des, used by the French and 
 Spaniards in this sense : as, desnouer to 
 untie ; desterrar to banish : from the 
 Latin de ; as, struo to build ; destruo 
 to destroy. 
 
 DisABi'i.iTY. n.s. [from disable.] 
 1. Want of power to do any thing ; weak- 
 ness ; impotence. 
 
 Our consideration of creatures, and attention 
 
 unto scriptures, are not in themselves things of 
 
 like disability to breed or beget faith. Hooker. 
 
 Many withdrew themselves out of pure faint- 
 
 ness, and disability to attend the conclusion. 
 
 Raleigh, 
 
 D I S 
 
 ^ He that knows most of himself, knows least of 
 his knowledge, and the exercised understanding 
 is conscious of its disability. Gla)ii'iHe. 
 
 The ability of niankinddoes not lie in the ini- 
 potcncy or difubiiities uf brutes. Locke. 
 
 2. Want of proper qiialincations for any 
 purpose ; legal impediment. 
 
 A suit is conuiieiiced in a temporal court for an 
 inheritance; and the defendant pleads, inclisabHity, 
 that the plaintiti" is a bastard. Aylijfe's l*urcrgi 
 
 7Iiis disadvantage which the dissenters at p 
 sent lie under, of a disability to receive church 
 preferments, will be easily reinedidd by tlie n-peal 
 of the test. _ bwift 
 
 To Disable, r. a. [dis and able.'] 
 
 1. To deprive of force; to weaken; to 
 disqualify for any act. 
 
 llie invasion and rebellion did not only rf'sn6/e 
 this kin^ to be aconqiieror, but deprived fiiniboth 
 of his kingdom and life. Davies's Ireland. 
 
 Nor so is overcome 
 Satan, whose fall from heaven, a deadlier bruise 
 Disabled not to give thee thy death's wuuiid. Milt. 
 
 A Christian's life is a perpetual e.\crcise, a 
 wrestling and warfare, for which sensual pleasure 
 di.^ables him, by yielding to that enemy with who ii 
 he must strive. Taiilor's liolij Living. 
 
 2. To hinder from action : used of tilings. 
 
 t have known a great fleet disabled for two 
 niunihs, and thereby lose great occasinus by an 
 indisposition of the admiral. Temple. 
 
 3. To impair; to dioiinish, 
 
 1 have disabled mine estate. 
 By shewing something a more SM-elling port 
 1 han my faint means would grant continuance. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 4. To deprive of usefulness or efficacy. 
 
 FarewL'i, Monsieur 'I'raveiler ; look you lisp, 
 and wear strange suits ; disable all the benefits of 
 your own cuuiitry. Shakesp. 
 
 \ouT days I will alarm, I'll haunt your nights, 
 And worse than age dwao/e3-our delights. Drijden. 
 
 5. To exclude, as wanting proper qualifi- 
 cations, 
 
 I will not f/(saft/e aiu- for proving a scholar, nor 
 yet dissemble that I have seen many happily 
 forced upon the course to which by nature they 
 seemed mucli indisposed. JVotton. 
 
 To Disabuse, v. a. [dis and abuse.] To 
 set free from a mistake ; to disentangle 
 from a fallacy ; to set right ; to un- 
 deceive. 
 
 The imposture and fallacy of our senses impose 
 not only on common heads, but even more refined 
 mercuries, "ho have the advantages of an im- 
 proved reason to disabuse you. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Those teeth fiir Lyce must riot show. 
 If she would bite : her lovers, though 
 Like birds they stoop at seeming grapes, 
 Are disabus'd when first she gapes. Waller. 
 
 If by simplicity you meant a general defect in 
 
 those that profess angling, I hope to disabuse you. 
 
 Walton's Angler. 
 
 Chaos of thought and passion, all confus a ; 
 Still by himself abus'd or disabus'd. Pope. 
 
 Disaccommoda'tion. n,s. [dis and ac- 
 commodation. ] The state of being unfit 
 or unprepared. 
 
 Devastations have happened in some places 
 more than in others, according to the accommoda- 
 tion or disaccommodation of them to such calami- 
 ties. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To Disaccu'stom. v. a. [dis and ac- 
 custom.] To destroy the force of habit 
 by disuse or contrary practice. 
 
 To Disackno'wledge. v. a, [dis and 
 acknowledge.] Not to acknowledge. 
 
 The manner of denying Christ's deity here pro- 
 hibited, was, by words and oral expressions ver- 
 bally to deny and disacknowledge it. South. 
 
 Disacqua'intance. n.s, [dis and ac- 
 quaintance.] Disuse of fanxiliarity. 
 
 D I S 
 
 w. s. [dis and advan- 
 
 Conscience, by a long neelect of, and disac- 
 quaintance with itself, contracts an inveterate rust 
 o"' 5"''- South. 
 
 Disadva'ntage. 
 tage.] 
 
 1. Loss; injury to interest : as, he sold to 
 disadvantage. 
 
 2. Diminution of any thing desirable, as 
 credit, fame, honour. 
 
 Chaucer in many things resembled Ovid, and 
 that will] wfi disadiantage on \\\ti side of the mo- 
 dern author. _ Bryden. 
 
 Ihe most shining merit goes down to posterity 
 with disudiantage, when it is not placed by writer's 
 in its proper light. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Those parts already published give reason to 
 think, that the Iliad ivill appear with no disadvan- 
 tage to that immortal poem. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 I'heir teslijnony will not be of much weight to 
 its disadvantage, since they are liable to the com- 
 mon objection of condemning what they did not 
 understand. Swift. 
 
 3. A state not prepared for defence. 
 
 No fort can be so strong, 
 Xe fleshly breast can armed be so sound. 
 
 But will at last be won with batt'ry long. 
 Or unawares at disadvantage found. Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Disadva'ntage. v. a. [from the 
 noun.] To injure in interest of any 
 kind. 
 
 All other violences are so far from advancing 
 Christianity, that they extremely weaken and dis- 
 advantage it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Disadva'ntageable. adj. [from dis- 
 advantage.] Contrary to profit; pro- 
 ducing loss. A word not used. 
 
 In clearing of a man's estate, he rnay as well 
 hurt liimself in being too sudden, as in letting it 
 run on too long ; for hasty selling is commonly 
 as disudtanlageahle as interest. Bacoji. 
 
 Disadvanta'geous. adj. [from disad- 
 vantage.] Contrary to interest ; con- 
 trary to convenience ; unfavourable. 
 
 A multitude of eyes will narrowly inspect every 
 part of an eminent man, consider him nicely in 
 all views, and not be a little pleased when tliey 
 have taken him in the worst and most disadvanta- 
 geous lights. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Disadvanta'geously. adv. [from dis- 
 advantageous.] In a manner contrary 
 to interest or profit ; in a manner not 
 favourable. 
 
 An approving nod or smile serves to drive 3-ou 
 on, and make you display 3'ourselves more disad- 
 vantageously. Government of' the Tongue. 
 
 Disadvanta'geousness. n. s. [from 
 
 disadvantageous.] Contrariety to profit ; 
 
 inconvenience ; mischief; loss. 
 Disadve'nturous. adj. [dis andadven- 
 
 tiirous.] Unhappy ; unprosperous. 
 Now he hath left you here, 
 
 To be the record of his ruefui loss. 
 
 And of my doleful tiisadi-enifn-iiMS death. Fairy Q. 
 
 To Disaffe'ct. v. a. [dis and affect.] 
 To fill with discontent ; to discontent ; 
 to make less faithful or zealous. 
 
 They had attempted to disaffect and discontent 
 his majesty's late army. Clarendtni. 
 
 Disaffe'cted. part. adj. [from disaffect.] 
 Not disposed to zeal or afi'ection. Usually 
 applied to those who are enemies to the 
 government. 
 
 By denying civil worship to the emperor's sta- 
 tues, which the custom then was to give, they 
 were proceeded against at disaffected to the em- 
 peror. StiU'ingJJeet. 
 
 526
 
 D I S 
 
 DlSAFFECTEDLY. adv. [from disaffect- 
 ed.'] After a disaffected inanner. 
 
 DlSAFFECTEDNESS. M. s. [from disaffect- 
 ed.] The quality of being disaffected. 
 
 Disaffe'ction. U.S. [from disaffict.] 
 
 1. Dislike; ill-will. 
 
 In making laws, princes must have regard to 
 the public disposilitms, to llie affcctiuiis and dU- 
 a^cftti'HS, of the people; and tnust not introduce 
 a law with public scandal and displeasure. 
 
 Tnylur's RuU of Holy Living. 
 
 2. Want of zeal for the government; 
 want of ardour for the reigning prince. 
 
 In this a2e, everv thine disliked by those who 
 think wiih the niaj-rity, iscalled distijlection. Swift. 
 
 3. Disorder; bad constitution : in a phy- 
 sical sense. 
 
 The disease took its original merely from the 
 
 disalftction of the part, and not froiu the peccancy 
 
 of the humours. Wiieman. 
 
 DiSAFFl'RMANCE. n.s. [dis and affirm.] 
 
 Confutation ; negation. 
 
 That kind of reasonins which reduceth the op- 
 posite conclusion to something that is apparently 
 absurd, is a demonstration ia disaffirmance of any 
 thing that is affirmed. Hale. 
 
 To Disaffo'rest. v. a. [dis ani forest.] 
 To throw open to common purposes ; 
 to reduce from the privileges of a forest 
 to the state of common ground. 
 
 Tlie commissioners of the treasury moved the 
 king to disafforest some forests of his, explaining 
 themselves of such forests as lay out of the way, 
 not near anv of the king's houses. Bacon. 
 
 Huw happy 's he, which hath due place assign'd 
 To Ills beasts ; and disafforested his mind ! Danne. 
 
 To Disagree', v. n. [dii and agree.] 
 
 1. To differ ; not to be the same. 
 
 The mind clearly and infallibly perceives all 
 distinct ideas to disagree ; that is, the one not to 
 be the other. Locke. 
 
 2. To differ; not to be of the same 
 opinion. 
 
 Why both the hands in worship disame. 
 And some adore the flow'r, and some the tree. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To be in a state of opposition : fol- 
 lowed by from or with, before the 
 opposite. 
 
 It containeth many improprieties, disagreeing 
 almost in all things from the true and projjer de- 
 scription. ■ Brotvn. 
 
 Strange it is, that they reject the plainest sense 
 of scripture, because it seems to disagree uith 
 what they call reason. Atterbury. 
 
 Disagree'able. adj. [from disagree.] 
 
 1. Contrary; unsuitable. 
 
 Some demon, an enemy to the Greeks, had 
 forced her to a conduct disagreeable to her since- 
 rity. Brotmic. 
 
 2. Unpleasing; offensive. 
 
 To make the sense of esteem or disgrace sink 
 tlie deeper, and be of the more weight, either 
 agreeable or disagi'eeable things should constantly 
 accompany these ditierent states. Locke. 
 
 Disagree'ableness. m. s. [from dis- 
 agreeable.] 
 
 1. Unsuitableness ; contrariety. 
 
 2. Unpleasantness ; offensiveness. 
 
 A faliier will hug and embrace his beloved son, 
 for all the dirt and foulness of his cloaths ; the 
 deamess of the ]ierson easily apologizing for the 
 disagreeableness of the habit. South. 
 
 Disagree'ment. n.s. [from disagree.] 
 1 . Difference ; dissimilitude ; diversity ; 
 not identity ; not likeness. 
 
 These carry such i^Iain and evident notes and 
 characters, either of disagreement or affinity with 
 
 D I S 
 
 one another, that the several kinds of them are 
 easilv distinguished. Wwdrcard. 
 
 2. Difference of opinion; contrariety of 
 sentiments. 
 
 Thev seemed one to cross another, as touching 
 their several opinions about the necessity of sacra- 
 ments, whereas in truth their disagreement is not 
 great. Hooker. 
 
 To Disallo'w. v. a. [dis and allow.] 
 
 1. To deny authority to any. 
 
 When, said she. 
 Were those first councils disallow\i by me? 
 Or wliere did I at sure tradition strike. 
 Provided still it were apostolic ? 
 
 Vrydens Hind and Panther. 
 
 2. To consider as unlawful ; not to permit. 
 
 Their usual kind of disputing sluwelh, that 
 they do not disaltoro only these Koniish ceremo- 
 nies which are unprofitable, but count all inipro- 
 fital'le which are Romish. Hooker. 
 
 3. To censure by some posterior act. 
 
 It was known that the most eminent of those 
 who professed his own principles, pubUckly dis- 
 allowed his proceedhigs. Swift. 
 
 4. To censure ; not to justify. 
 
 There is a secret, inward foreboding fear, that 
 some evil or other will follow the doing of that 
 which a man's own conscience disallows nim in. 
 
 South 
 
 To Disallo'w. v. n. To refuse permis 
 sion ; not to grant ; not to make or 
 suppose lawful. 
 
 God dotli in converts, being married, allow 
 continuance with infidels, and yet disallow that 
 the faithful, when they are free, sliouLi enter into 
 bonds of wedlock with such. Hooker. 
 
 Disallo'wable. adj. [from disallow.] 
 Not allowable; not to be suffered. 
 
 Disallo'wance. n.s. [from disallow.] 
 Prohibition. 
 
 God accepts of a thing suitable for him to re- 
 ceive, and for us to give, where he does not de- 
 clare his refusal and disallowance of it. South. 
 
 To Disa'nchor. I', a. [from dis and an- 
 chor.] To drive a ship from its anchor. 
 To Disa'mmate. v. a. [dis and animate.] 
 
 1. To deprive of life. 
 
 2. To discourage; to deject; to depress. 
 The presence of a kins engenders love amongst 
 
 his subjects and his loyal friends, as it disanimates 
 his enemies. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 He was confounded and disaniniated at his pre- 
 sence, and added. How can the servant of my 
 lord talk with my lord ? Boyle's Seraphic Love. 
 
 Disanima'tion. n. s. [from disanimate.] 
 Privation of hfe. 
 
 They cannot in reason retain that apprehen- 
 sion after death, as being alTections wliich depend 
 on life, and depart upon disjnimation. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 To Disannu'l. r. a. [dis and annul. 
 This word is formed, contrarily to ana- 
 logy, by those who, not knowing the 
 meaning of the word annul, intended 
 to form a negative sense by the need- 
 less use of the negative particle. It 
 ought therefore to be rejected, as un- 
 grammatical and barbarous.] To annul ; 
 to deprive of authority ; to vacate ; to 
 make null ; to make void ; to nullify. 
 
 The .Tews ordinances for us to resume, were to 
 check our Lord himself, which hath disannulled 
 them. Hooker. 
 
 That gave him power of disannulling of laws, 
 and disposing of men's fortunes and estates, and 
 the like points of absolute power, being in them- 
 selves harsh and odious. Bacon. 
 
 D I S 
 
 To be in both worlds full, 
 Is more tlian God was, who was hungry here : 
 Would thuu his laws of f*isUDg disannul? 
 
 Herbert. 
 Wilt thou my judgracnts d'unnnul? Defame 
 My equal rule, to c^ar thyself of blame? Sandys* 
 
 DiSANNULMENT. Ti. 8. [from disannul,] 
 
 The act of making void. 
 7*0 Disappe'ar. r. n. [disparoitre, Fr,] 
 To be lost to view ; to vanish out of 
 sight; to fly; to go away. 
 
 She disappear'd, and left me dark! I wak'd 
 To fun.1 licr, or for ever to deplore. 3Xi/(«wi. 
 
 When the night and winter diMppear, 
 The purple momnig rising with the year 
 Salutes the spring. Dryden. 
 
 The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in 
 fading colours, and if not sometimes refreshed, 
 vanish and disappear. Loche. 
 
 Criticks I saw that others names deface, 
 And fix their own with labour in their place; 
 Their own, like others, soon their place rcsicn'd. 
 Or disappear'd, and left the first behind. Pfpe. 
 
 To Disappoint, r. a. [dis and appointJ] 
 
 1. To defeat of expectation ; to balk; to 
 hinder from something expected. 
 
 The superior Being can defeat all his designs, 
 
 and disappoint all his nopes. TiUotst'>n. 
 
 Whilst tlie chaiunion, with redoubled ojight. 
 
 Strikes home the jav lin, liis retiring foe 
 
 Shrinks from the wound, and disappoints the 
 
 blow. Addiu*n. 
 
 Tliere 's nothing like surprising the rogue;* : 
 
 how will they be disapvaintt-d, when they hear 
 
 that thuu hast preventea their revenge! 
 
 Arbtithnot's Hist, of John BnlL 
 We are not only tortured by the reproaches 
 which are oifered us, but are dtsappi^nted by tlie 
 silence of men when it is unexpected, and hum- 
 bled even by their praises. Addiion. 
 
 2. It has of before the thing lost by dis- 
 appointment. 
 
 The .Tanizaries, disapvainied by the bassas of the 
 spoil, received of the oouiity of Solyman a great 
 largess. KtwtUa. 
 
 DisAPPo'iNTMENT. n. s, [from disap- 
 point.'\ Defeat of hopes ; miscarriage 
 of expectations. 
 
 It is impossible for us to know what are cala- 
 mities, and what are blessings. How many acci- 
 dents have passed for misfortunes, which have 
 turned to the welfare and prosperity of the per- 
 sons in whose lot they have fallen ! How many 
 disappointments have, m their consequences, sareH 
 a ni:iii from ruin! Spectator. 
 
 If we hope for things, of which we have not 
 thoroughlv considered the value, out disc ppcint- 
 mcnt will be greater than our pleasure in the frui- 
 tion of them. Addiscn's Spectator, 
 
 Disapproba'tion. n. s, [dis and appro- 
 bation.] Censure; condemnation; ex- 
 pres.sion of dislike. 
 
 He was obliged to publish his letters, to show 
 his disapprobation of the publishing of others. 
 
 Pope. 
 To Disappro've. v. a, [dcsapprouter, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To dislike : to censure. 
 
 I reason'd much, alas ! but more I lov'd ; 
 Sent and recall'd. ordain'd and disttpprov'd. Prin. 
 
 Without good breeding truth is disapprov'd ; 
 That only makes superior sense belov d. Pope. 
 
 2. To reject as disliked ; not to confirm 
 by concurrence. 
 
 .■V project for a treaty of barrier with the States 
 was transmitted hither from Holland, aud was 
 disappnned of by our courts. Sicifi. 
 
 Di's.ARD. n.s. [bij"», bij-15. Sax. a fool. 
 Skinner; distur, Fr. .funius.] .\ prat- 
 tler ; a boasting talker. This word is 
 
 o27
 
 D I S 
 
 inserted both by Skinner and Junius 
 but 1 do not remember it. 
 To Disa'rm. r. a. [disarmery Fr,] 
 
 1. To spoil or divest of arms; to deprive 
 of anus. 
 
 All (irdcr was made by both houses, for disarm- 
 ing all ihe papists in Eiit;land. Clarendon. 
 
 1 am still the same, 
 By dirtcrent ways still niovinir tu one fame ; 
 And by disarming you I now do more 
 To save the town, than arming 3'ou before. Dryd. 
 
 2. It has o/before the arms taken away. 
 
 They would be iiniiitdiately c/isarmed 0/' their 
 great magazine of artillery. Locke. 
 
 To Disarra'y. v. a. [d is and arr ay.] To 
 undress any one ; to divest of clothes. 
 
 So, as she bad, the witch they disaj-ray'd. 
 
 Fairy Quten. 
 Now night is come, now soon her disarray. 
 And in her bed her lay. Spenser's Epithala'mium. 
 
 Disarra'y. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Disorder; confusion ; loss of the regu- 
 lar order of battle. 
 
 He returned towards the river, to prevent sucli 
 danger as the disarray, occasioned by the narrow- 
 ness of the brid>^e, might cast upon them. 
 
 Hayward. 
 Disarray and shameful rout ensue, 
 And force is added to the fainting crew. 
 
 Vryden's Fables. 
 
 2. Undress. 
 
 DiSASSiDU'iTY. 71. s. Absence of care or 
 attention. 
 
 The Ccciiians kept him back ; as very well 
 knowing that, upon every little absence or t/«as.si- 
 duity, he should be subject to take cold at his 
 back. WoUon. 
 
 DISA'STER. ?i.s.[dcsasfre, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The blast or stroke of an vmf avourable 
 planet. 
 
 Stars shone with trains of fne, dews of blood 
 fall ; 
 Disasters veil'd the sun ; and the moist star, 
 Upon whose intluence Neptune's empire stands, 
 Was sick ahnust to doomsday with eclipse. Uliak. 
 
 2. Misfortune; grief; mishap; misery; 
 calamity. 
 
 This day black omens threat the brightest fair 
 That e'er deserv'd a watchful spirit's care, 
 Some dire disaster, or by force or slight; 
 But what, or where, the fates have wrapt in 
 night. Pope. 
 
 To Disa'ster. v. ft, [from the noun.] 
 J. To blast by the stroke of an unfa- 
 vourable star. 
 
 Ah, chaste bed of mine, said she, which never 
 
 heretof(jre c«mldst accuse rae of one defiled 
 
 thought, how canst thou now receive that disas- 
 
 tered cliangcling? Sidney. 
 
 2. To afflict; to mischief, 
 
 Tliese are the holes where eyes should be, 
 which pilifnlly disaster the cheeks. Shukesp. 
 
 In his own tieids, tin. swain 
 Disaster d stands. Thomson. 
 
 Disa'strous. adj. [from disaster.] 
 
 1, Unlucky; not fortunate. 
 
 That seemeth a most disastroits day to the Scots, 
 not only in regard of this overthrow, but for tliat 
 upon the same da^^ they were defeated by the 
 tngli.sh at Floodciilield. Hayward, 
 
 2, Gloomy; threatening misfortune. 
 
 The moon, 
 In dim eclipse, disasirotxs twilight sheds 
 On hall' the nations. NUton. 
 
 3, Unhappy ; calamitous ; miserable ; 
 struck with affliction. 
 
 Then .Tuno, piiying her disastrous fate. 
 Sends Iris down, her pangs lo mitigate. Denham. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Immedialel} after his return from lliis very ex- 
 pedition, such disustrtnis calamities belel Ins fa- 
 iuily, that he burnt two of his children himself. 
 
 South. 
 Fly the pursuit of my disnstmtis love ; 
 From my unhappy neighbourhood remove, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Disa'strously. adv. [from disat^ti^ous.] 
 
 In a dismal manner, 
 Dis a'strousn ESS .n.s. [from disasfi-ons.] 
 
 Unluckiness; unfortunateness. Diet. 
 To DisAVou'CH. V. a. [dis and avouch.] 
 
 To retract profession ; to disown. 
 
 Thereupon they flatly disavouch 
 To yield him more obedience or support. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 To DiSAVo'w. v.a. [dis and avow.] To 
 disown ; to deny knowledge of; to deny 
 concurrence in any thing, or with any 
 person. 
 
 The heirs and posterity of them which yielded 
 the same, are either ignorant thereof, or do wil- 
 fully deny, orstedfastly disavow it. 
 
 Spenser s State of Ireland. 
 
 The English did believe his name was therein 
 abused; which he manifested to be true, by dis- 
 avowing it openly afterwards. liaiiuard. 
 
 To deal in person is good, when a man's face 
 breedeth regard, and generally wlien a man will 
 reserve to himself liberty either to disavow or to 
 expound. Bacon. 
 
 A man that acts below his rank, doth but dis- 
 avow fortune, and seemeth to be conscious of his 
 uwri want in worth, and doth but teach others to 
 envy ]iim. Bacon. 
 
 He only does his conquest disavoWt 
 And thinks too little what they found too much. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 We are reminded by the ceremony of taking 
 an oath, tliat it is a pa*rt of that obedience which 
 we learn from the gospel, expressly to dimvow all 
 evasiojis and mental reservations whatsoever. 
 
 Addi.<M7}'s Freeholder. 
 
 DrsAVO'wAL. n.s, [from disavow.] De- 
 nial, 
 
 An earnest disavowal of fear often proceeds from 
 fear. Clarissa. 
 
 DiSAVo'WMENT. 71. s, [from disavoiv.] 
 Denial. 
 
 As touching the Tridentine history, his holiness 
 will not press you to any disavowmcnt thereof. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 To Disau'thorize. v. a. [dis and autho- 
 rise.] To deprive of credit or authority. 
 
 The obtrusion of such particular instances as 
 tliese, are iiisutlicient to disanthorise a note ground- 
 ed upon the iiual hitention of nature. Wotton. 
 
 To Disba'nd. v. a. [dis and band.] 
 
 1. To dismiss from military service ; to 
 break up an army ; to dismiss soldiers 
 from their colours. 
 
 They dubanded themselves, and returned every 
 man to his own dwelling. Knoliess HiU. 
 
 Pythagoras bids us in our station stand, ' 
 TillGod, our general, shall us rfis^ani/. Denham. 
 
 I am content to lead a private life ; 
 Disband my army to secure tlie state. 
 
 Dryden s Aitrengzehe. 
 
 Bid him disband his legions. Addisojis Cuto. 
 
 2. To dismiss from service. 
 
 Some imagine that a quantity of water, sufli- 
 cient to make such a deluge, was crealud n[ioii 
 that occasion; and, when the business "as dune, 
 all disbanded iigain, and annihilated. iVoodward. 
 
 To Cisba'no. v. 71. 
 
 I. To retire from military service; to se- 
 parate ; to break up. 
 
 Our navy was upon the point t)( dish'tiiding, and 
 many of our men come ashore. Bac. War with Sp. 
 
 D I s 
 
 The THiig'd pow'rs 
 Dishrmd, and waiid'iiiig uacli liis sevcriil way 
 Pursues. Km,^ 
 
 Ihe common soldiers, a»d inferior otliccis 
 sliould be fuilv jiaid ujioii tlieir dUbundiii<;. 
 , . Clarentl. 
 
 W ere it not for some small remainders of iiiety 
 and virtue, wliic-li are jet left scattered among 
 maidiind, human socicly w.,iild in a short 5|)ace 
 dkbiind and run into c'onfusiuM, and the earth 
 would grow wild and become a forest. TdloUon. 
 •2. 1\) be dissolved. 
 
 While rocks stand. 
 And rivers stir, thou cunst not shrink or quail ; 
 ■iea, when liolh rucks and all things shall dkba'nd, 
 Then shall thou be nij ruck and tower. 
 
 Herb. 
 
 To Disba'kk. v. a. {debarquer, Fr.] To 
 land from a ship ; to ptit on shore. 
 
 Together sail'd they, fraught with all the things 
 To service done hy land that miNht beNjiii:, 
 And, when occasion scrv'd, disbarkcd them. 
 
 Fairf. 
 The ship we moor on these obscure abodes ; 
 Disbark the eheep, an oftering to the gods. 
 
 Popes Udyssey. 
 Disbeli'ef. n. s. [from dishelitvt.'] Re- 
 fusal of credit ; denial of belief. 
 
 Our belief or f/is/jc/if/' of a\hing docs iint alter 
 the nature uf the thing. Tdlotson. 
 
 To Disbelieve, v.a. [dis and believe. \ 
 Not to credit ; not to hold true. 
 
 The thinking it impossible liis sins should be 
 forgiven, thougli he should be truly penitent, is s 
 sin, but rather of infidelity than despair; it hcing 
 the dhbelieLing of an eternal tiulh of God's. 
 
 Hammond's Pruct. 'Catech. 
 
 Such who profess to disbeiicvc a future state, are 
 not always equally satisfied with tlieir own rea- 
 sonings. Atlcrbiay. 
 
 Troin a fondness to some vices, which the doc- 
 trine of futurity rendered uneasy, they l>ruuglit 
 themselves to doubt of religiiji ; or, out *,!' a vain 
 atiectatioii uf seeing farther than other men, pre- 
 tended to di-il'eU.ive it. /'"vfr* 
 
 Disbeliever, n. s. [from diabditve.'] 
 One who refuses belief; one who de- 
 nies any position to be true. 
 
 An humble soul is frightened into sentiments, 
 becEiuse a man of great name pronounet-s heresy 
 upon the contrary sentiments, and casts y\\^ disbe- 
 liever out of the church. Watts. 
 
 To Disbe'nch. v. a. [dis and bciicfi.] To 
 drive from a seat. 
 
 Sir, I hope 
 J\Iy words disbench'd you not? 
 
 No, Sir ; yet oTt,' 
 
 \V hen blows have made ine stay, I fled from words. 
 
 To Disbra'nch. I), a. [dis and branch.^ 
 To separate, or break off", as a branch 
 from a tree. 
 
 She that herself will sliver and disbranch 
 From her maternal sap, perforce must wither. 
 And come to deadly use. Sbukeap. Kini; Lear. 
 
 Such as are newly planted, need not be dis- 
 branched till the sap liejzins to stir, that so the 
 wound may be healed witliout a scar. 
 
 Evelyn's Kalendar. 
 
 To Disbu'd. r. a. [^Vith gardeners.] To 
 take away the branches or sprigs newly 
 put forth, that are ill placed. Di<:t. 
 
 To Disbu'rden. v. a. [dis and burden.'] 
 
 1. To ease of a burden ; to unload. 
 
 The river, wdlh ten branches or streams, di*. 
 burdens himself within the Persian sea. 
 
 Pcacham on Drawing. 
 Disbnrdcn'd heav'n r<yoic'd. Miitun. 
 
 2. To disencumber, discharge, or clear. 
 
 They removed either by casualty and tempest, 
 or by intention and design, either out of lucre of 
 
 &?8
 
 D I S 
 
 gold, nr for the dhhunlening of the countries sur- 
 cljargcd with multitudes "I iiihahilacits. 
 
 Hale's Origin of'Maiikintl. 
 We shall dislnmlm the piece uf Those liard slia- 
 dowiugs, which arc alwajs ungraceful. 
 
 Drydeii's Dufrcsnoy. 
 
 3. To throw off a burden. 
 
 Better ^et do I live, that though by my thoughts 
 I he plunged 
 Into niv life s bondage, I yet may disburden n pas- 
 sion. Sidney. 
 Lucia, disburden nil thy cares on me, 
 And let me share thy most relir'd distress. 
 
 JddiSiin's C<ito. 
 
 To Disbu'rden. v. n. To ease the 
 
 mind. 
 To DISBURSE, v. a. [debotirser, Fr.] 
 
 To spend or lay out money. 
 
 nioiiey is not disliursed at once, but drawn into 
 a long length, by sending over now twenty Ihou- 
 saud, and'iicxl half year ten thousand pounds. 
 
 ''Spenser. 
 Nor would we deign him burial for his men. 
 Till he dishurs'd ten thousaiul dollars. Shakesp. 
 As .\leiiander received great sums, he was no 
 less generous and liberal in disbursing of them. 
 
 ArljHthnot on Coins. 
 
 Disbu'ksement. n. s. [dcboursamnt , 
 
 1. Act of disbursing or laying out. 
 
 'I'he queen's treasure, in so great occasions of 
 disbursements, is not always so ready, nor so plenti- 
 ful, as it can spare so great a sum together. 
 
 Sjwnscr's ircltind. 
 
 2. Sum spent. 
 
 Disbu'rser. n. s. [from disburse.'] One 
 
 tliat disburses. 
 DISC.A'LCEATED. adj. [discalccatus, 
 
 Lat.] .Stripped of shoes. 
 Discalcea'tion. n. s. [from discal- 
 
 ceattd.] The act of pulhng ofl' the 
 
 shoes. 
 The custom of discalceatii^n, or putting off their 
 
 shoes at meals, is conceived to have been done, 
 
 as by that means keeping their beds clean. _ 
 
 Brown's Vulg. V.nvu)s. 
 
 To Disca'ndy. r.n. [fromrfis audcandi/.] 
 To dissolve ; to melt. Himmcr. 
 
 'I'he hearts 
 That spaniel'd me at heels, to whom I gave 
 Their wishes, do ditcandy, melt their sweets 
 On blossoming Caesar. Shakesp. 
 
 To Disca'rd. v. a. [dis a-nd card.] 
 
 1 . To throw out of the hand such cards as 
 are useless. 
 
 2. To dismiss or eject from ser\ ice or em- 
 ployment. 
 
 These men being ciTtainly jewels to a wise man, 
 considering what wonders ihey were able to per- 
 form, yet were diicnrdcd by that unworthy prince, 
 as noteworthy the holding. Sidncu. 
 
 Their captains, if they list, discard whom they 
 please, and send away such as will perhaps willing- 
 ly- be rid of that dangerous and hard service. 
 
 Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 
 Should we own that we have a very imperfect 
 i.''ea of substance, would it not be hard to charce us 
 with discarding substance out of the world ? Locke. 
 
 Justice discards party, friendship, kindred, and 
 is always therefore represented as blind. 
 
 /Iddison's Guardian. 
 
 Thfy blame tlie favourites, and think it nothing 
 extraordinary that the queen ^llouId be atan end of 
 her patience, and resolve to discard them. Suifi. 
 
 I do not conceive why a sunk discarded party, 
 »ho neither expect nor 'desire more than a quiet 
 life, should be charged with endeavouring to in- 
 troduce popery. Suijt. 
 
 Di'sca'rnate. adj. [di.<t, and cnro flesh ; 
 scarnuto, Ital.J Stripped of flesh. 
 
 "Tis hetlcr to own n judgment, though but 
 with u curia sii;>pcHe.T of cijhercnt notions ; than a 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D I S 
 
 memory, Irko a septilchrt-, furnished with a loaH of 
 broken and discarnaU Itoncs. Clanvillt. 
 
 To Uisca'se. r. a, [dis and cast.] To 
 strip ; to luidress. 
 
 Fetch nif tlir lial and rapier in my cell : 
 I will tlhcasf inf , and niyscif prt'sciit, .'^litik. Temp. 
 
 To DlSCi:'UN. V. a.'[(/isc('rno, Lat.] 
 I. I'd descry; to see; to discover. 
 
 And buhold among iIil* .simple ones, I dhcenxed 
 atnor.g tlic youths a young man void ctf under- 
 standing. Vrtiv. vil. 7. 
 
 ■2. Tojtidirej to have knowledge of by 
 
 comparison. 
 
 What dolli better become wisdom than to dh- 
 cent what is worthy tlie lovinc? Sidney. 
 
 Does any liere know me? This is not Lear : 
 Dues Lear walk thus, speak thus ? Wliere are hi; 
 
 eyes ? 
 Either his motion weakens, or his diicernin^^s 
 Are lethargied. iihake$p. 
 
 Von shall be rul'd and led 
 By sonic discretion, that discerns your state 
 Better th;in you yourself. Shakesp. Kitig Lear. 
 
 3. To distinguish. 
 
 To di^ceni such buds as are fit to produce binS' 
 soras, from such as will display theiiisehes but ii 
 leaves, is no dilficult matter. Boyle. 
 
 4. To make the difference between. 
 
 They follow virtue for reward to-day ,■ 
 To-morrow vice, if she give better pay : 
 Wc arc so goixl, or bad, just at a price ; 
 For nothing else discerns tlie virtue or vice. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 To Disce'rn. V. n, 
 
 1. To make di tinction. 
 
 Great part of the country was abandnncd (n the 
 spoils of I lie soldiers, w^io not trouhliuii iliemselvcs 
 iiy dUcern between a subject and a rebel, whilst 
 their liberty lasted, made indifferently profit of 
 both. Hityiciini. 
 
 'J'he Custom of arguing on any side, even agnin>t 
 nurperiiuasions.dinis the understanding, and makes 
 ' it bv degrees lose the faculty of discerning between 
 truth and falsehood. Locke. 
 
 2. To have judicial cognizance: not in 
 use. 
 
 It discerneth of forces, frauds, crimes various of 
 stellionate, and the inchoations towardscriniesca- 
 pital, not ;'X'tualIy perpetrated. Bacon. 
 
 Disce'rner. 71. s. [from discern.] 
 
 1. Discoverer; he that descries 
 
 'Twas said tliey saw but one; and no dlscenicr 
 Durst wag liis tongue in censure. 
 
 Shuki-sp. Henry VI (I. 
 
 2. Judge ; one that has the power of dis- 
 tinguishing. 
 
 fie was a great observer and d'tscerncr of men's 
 natures and hutnours, and was very dcxter<iiis in 
 compliance, where he fomid it useful. Clarendon. 
 
 How unetpial dtscerners of truth they arc, and 
 easily ex p<ised unto crrour, will appear by their 
 unqualified intellectuals. Browns Vi'lg- Frr. 
 
 DiscE'KNir.LE. adj. ("from discern.] Dis- 
 coverable ; perceptible; distinguishable: 
 apparent. 
 
 It is indeed a sin of so gross, so formidable a 
 bulk, that there needs no help of onticks to render 
 it discernible, and tlierefore I neeu not farther t x- 
 patiateon it. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 All this is easily discemihle by the ordinarv dis- 
 courses of the luiderstanding. S'nth. 
 
 DiscE'RNinLENESS. w. s. [from disctrni- 
 
 blc] Visibleness, 
 DiscERNiiiLY. adv. [from discernible.] 
 
 Perceptibly ; apparently. 
 
 Consider what doctrines are infused discernibly 
 anionsst Christians, most apt to obstruct or inter- 
 rupt Uie christian life. Hammond. 
 
 Di.scERNiNG. ;)//r/. adj. [iivom disctrn.] 
 
 Judicious; knowing. 
 
 This bath been maintained not only by warm 
 enthusiasts, but by cooler and more d'^ceming 
 heads. Astcrbury, 
 
 I) I s 
 
 DlsrF.'RNINGLY. itdr. [from discerning.'^ 
 Juiliciously; nition.nl ly ; acutely. 
 
 These two erroura Ovid has most discrniingty 
 avoided. ilarth. 
 
 Di.sce'rnment. n. *. [from di.irern.] 
 Judgment ; power of di.stinjrui.shin{;. 
 
 A reader that wuuth discernmmi, loves aiui ad- 
 mires the characters and actions of men in a wrong 
 place. t'rtehoUer, 
 
 To UISCF;RP. v. a. [di'.cn'po, Lat.] To 
 tear in pieces ; to break ; to destroy by 
 separation of its parts. Diet. 
 
 DiscE'KPriBLE. flc//. [fromrf/iCfrp.] Fran- 
 gible; separable; liable to be destroyed 
 by the disunion of its parts. 
 
 What is most dense, and least porous, will be 
 most coherent and least discaytilde. Glanv. Scqms. 
 
 IMatter is moveable, this munoveable ; matter 
 dUcerjnible, this indiscerptible. More. 
 
 Disckrtiisi'lity. n. s [from disctrpfi- 
 
 ble.] Li.ibleness to be destro3'ed by 
 
 disunion of parts. 
 Disce'ri'TIon. n. s. [from disccrp.] The 
 
 act of pulling to pieces, or destroying by 
 
 (lisunitinif the parts. 
 To DISC II. VUG i:. V. a. [dtc/iarger, Fr.] 
 
 1. To disburden; to exonerate; to free 
 from any load or inconvenience. 
 
 How rich in hundjle poverty is he, 
 Who leads a quiet country life; 
 Discharg'd of business, void of strife ! Dryden. 
 
 2. To unload ; to disemb.-irk. 
 
 I uill convey them by sea, in floats, unto the 
 place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause 
 them to he discharged. Kingi. 
 
 3. To throw off any thing ccllectod or ac- 
 cumulated; to give vent to any thing; 
 to let fly. It is used of any thing violent 
 or sudden. 
 
 Mounting his eyes. 
 He did discharge a horrible oath. Shak. Hen. 'VIII. 
 
 Infected minds 
 To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets. 
 Shaketp. Macbeth. 
 Nor were those blnsl'ring brethren left at large. 
 On seas and shores their fury to discharge. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 Soon may kind heav'n a sure relief provide ; 
 Soon may your sire di..icharge the vengeance due, 
 And all 3'o"ur wrongs the proud oppressors rue. 
 
 fope's Odytfey. 
 Discharge thy shafts ; this ready bosom rend. 
 Papers Statius. 
 
 4. 'Po unload a gun. 
 
 A conceit mni.eth abroad, that there should be 
 a white powder, which will discharge a piece with- 
 out noise. Bacon. 
 
 The galleys also did oftentimes, out of their 
 
 prows, disch'arge their great pieces acainsi the city. 
 
 hnotUs's History. 
 
 \\ c discharged a pistol, and had the sound re- 
 turned upon us fifty-six times, lliouph the air was 
 fogiiv. ' Addiivn on Italy. 
 
 5. 'To clear a debt by payment. 
 
 Death ot" one j>ersun can be paid hut once. 
 And that she has disc'narged. Simk. .int. and Cteop. 
 
 Now to the horrors of that uncouth place 
 He passage begs with unregarded pravV, 
 And wants two farthings to dischorgeii'is fare. 
 
 Lrodens Juirnal. 
 
 \Vhen fttreicn trade imports more thati our com- 
 modities will pay for, we contract debts beyond 
 sea ; and lho*e'are paid w-ith uumcy. when they 
 will not lake our g.iods to discharge ihem. I^acke. 
 
 6. To send a'»vay a creditor by pay- 
 ment. 
 
 Ifhe had 
 The present money to discharge the .Tew, 
 He would not take it. Shakcsp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 7. To clear a debtor. 
 
 3 Y 
 
 .5 ""9
 
 D I S 
 
 A i;ratcl'iil mind 
 By owing owes iiui, hut still pays ; at once 
 Indebted :nid (/(sr/i'irx't/. " Milton. 
 
 8. To set free from oblioation. 
 
 If one iiuin's fault cnnld disclutrgc another man 
 of his duty, there would be no place Itfft for the 
 coninjon otVices of sucicty. L'Kuriiiis;e. 
 
 When they have taken a dc£p*ec,aiid an- cnnse- 
 queiitlv grown a burden lo their friends, who now 
 tliink "themselves fully discharged, they get intu 
 orders ay suon as they can. Sttijt. 
 
 1>. To clear from an accusation or crime ; 
 to absolve : with of. 
 
 They wauled not rcas(»ns lo he discharged nf all 
 blame, who are confessed to have no grt-at fault,' 
 even by their ver_v word and te:^tim<'Ilv, in whose 
 e\'es no fault of ours liath ever hitherto been 
 esteemed to be small. Honker. 
 
 They are imprudent encueh to discharge them- 
 selves o/*lhis blunder, by laynig the contradiction 
 at Virgil's door. Drydc/t. 
 
 10. To perform ; to execute. 
 
 Had I a hundred tongues, a wit so large 
 As could their hundred otRces disrharij^e. 
 
 Drtjdcns Fahles. 
 
 H. To put away; to obliterate; to de- 
 stroy. 
 
 It is done by little and little, and with many 
 essays ; but all this discharseth not the u under. 
 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 
 Trial would also be made in herbs poisonous and 
 purgative, whose ill quality perhaps niav be dis- 
 charged, or attempered, by setting stronger poisons 
 or purgatives by them. Bacon. 
 
 12. I'o clivest of any office or employment; 
 to dismiss from service : as, he dis- 
 charged his sleward ; the soldier was 
 dischars^ed, 
 
 13. To dismiss ; to release ; to send away 
 from any business or appointment. 
 
 lJ(5oft«r^e your-pow'rs unto their several coun- 
 tii'^. Shakes]}. 
 
 When Ca*sar would have discharged the senate, 
 in regard of a dream of Calphumia, this man told 
 him, he hoped he would not dismiss the senate till 
 his wife had dreamed a better dream. Bacon. 
 
 14. To emit. 
 
 The matter being suppurated, I opened an in- 
 flamed tubercle in ihc great aa^le of the left eye, 
 and discharged a well-coneoctea matter. 
 
 JVi.scmans Surgery. 
 
 To Discha'rge.h, 72. To dismiss itself; 
 to break up. 
 
 The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not 
 discharge. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Discharge, n. s. [from the verb ] 
 
 1. Vent; explosion; emission. 
 
 As the heat of all spriui^s is owing to subterrane- 
 ous fire, so wherever there are any extraordinary 
 dinchargts of tliis lire, there also are the neighbour- 
 ing springs holler than ordinary. Woodward. 
 
 2. flatter vented. 
 
 The haemorrhage being stoppe'l, the next oc- 
 currence is a thin serous discharge. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 3. Disruption ; evHuescence. 
 
 Mark the discharge of the titile cloud upim gla'^s 
 or gems, or blades of swurds, and ^ou shal' see it 
 ever break up first in the skirts, and last ni ih'.^ 
 middle. Bacons Natural Hi.'itory. 
 
 4. Dismission from an office: as, the go- 
 vernour solicited his discharge, 
 
 5. Release from an obligation or penalty. 
 
 He warns 
 Us, haply too secure of our discharge 
 From penalty, because from death releas'd 
 Some days. * Milton. 
 
 6. Absolui:ion from a crime. 
 
 The text expresses the sound estate of tlio con- 
 science, nut barel^j by its not accusing, but by its 
 not condemning us ; which word im[)orts properly 
 an acquittance or rf(5c/('Jrl^^ of a man upon some 
 precedent accusation, and a full trial and cogniz 
 ance of his cause. South. 
 
 D I S 
 
 7. Ransom>; pnce of ransom. 
 
 O, all my liitpes defeated 
 To free liim hence ! But dealli, wlm sets all free, 
 Ilatli paid Ills raiisom now and full discharge. Mitt. 
 
 0. Performance ; execution. 
 
 Tile uhliL^ittions of liofipltalily and protection arc 
 sacred ; iiulliin^ can absolve us from the discharge 
 of those duties. L'Estraiige. 
 
 9. An acquittance from a debt. 
 
 10. Exemption ; privilege. 
 
 'I'hcre is no disrharge in that war, neither shall 
 wickedness deliver tliose that are given to it. 
 
 Eccl. viii. 8. 
 Dlscha'rger. w. s. [from disc/iarge.] 
 
 1. He that discharges in any manner. 
 
 2. He that fires a gun. 
 
 To abate tiie hnmbilation of gunpowder, a way 
 is promised by Porta, by borax and butter, whicli 
 he says will make it so' go otf, as scarcely to be 
 liearij by the iliacharger. Broun. 
 
 Disci'nct. adj. [discinctus, Lat.] Un- 
 girded ; loosely dressed. Diet. 
 
 To Disci'nd. v. a. [discindo, Lat.] To 
 divide; to cut in pieces. 
 
 We found several concretions so soft, that we 
 could easily disciiid them betwi.yt ourfintiers.Bi)i//e. 
 
 DLSCIPLE. 71. s. [discipnlus. Lat.] A 
 scholar; one that professes to receive 
 instructions from another. 
 
 lie rebuked disciples who would call for fire from 
 heaven upon whole cities, for the neglect of afew. 
 
 hing Charles. 
 
 The commemorating the death of Christ, is the 
 
 professing ourselves the disciples of the crucified 
 
 Saviour ; and that engageth us to take up his 
 
 cross and follow him. IlamituitxK 
 
 A young disciple should behave himself so well, 
 
 as to gain the affection and the ear of his instrue- 
 
 '<'■■■ Watts. 
 
 To Dlsci'PLE. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To ti-ain ; to bring up. 
 
 He did look far 
 Into the service of the time, and was 
 Viscipkd of the bravest. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To punish ; to discipline. This word 
 is not in use. 
 
 She, bitter penance ! with an iron whip 
 Was wont him to disciple every day. SpeiKer. 
 
 Disci'PLKSHip. n.s. [from disciple.] The 
 state or function of a disciple, or follower 
 of a master. 
 
 That to which justification is promised, is the 
 giving up of the whole soul intiiely unto Christ, 
 undertaking discipleship upon Christ's terms. 
 
 ilammLVnVs Pract. Catech. 
 
 Disciph'nabi.e. adj. [diseiplinabilis, 
 Lat.] Capable of instruction ; capa- 
 ble of improvement by discipline and 
 
 learning. 
 DisciPLiNABLENESS. w. s. [from disei- 
 plin/ible.] Capacity of instruction ; 
 qualification for improvement by educa- 
 tion and discipline. 
 
 We find in animals, especially some of them, as 
 foxes, dogs, apes, horses, and elephants, not only 
 perception, pliantaiy, and niemoiy, conniion to 
 most if not all animals, but something of sagacity, 
 providence, and diseiptiitableyiess. Hale. 
 
 Disciplinarian. «<//. [i'lom discipline.] 
 Pertaining to discipline. 
 
 What eagerness in di.-yeijdiaarian uncertainties, 
 when the love of God and our neighbour, evangeli- 
 cal iiiiquestionahlcs, are neglected ! Glan. .Scepsis. 
 
 DisciPLlNA'lllAN. w. s. [disciplinu, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. One who rules or teaches with great 
 strictness ; one who allows no deviation 
 
 . from stated rules. 
 
 i) I s 
 
 2. A follower of the presbyterian sect, so 
 called from their perpetual clamour about 
 discipline. 
 
 Tliey draw those that dissent into dislike with 
 • the state, as puritans, or discipiinariam. 
 
 Sanders. Pax. Heel. 
 
 Di'sciPUNARY. adj. [discipUna, Lat.] 
 
 1. Pertaining to discipline. 
 
 2. Relating to {government. 
 
 Those canons in behalf of marriage were only 
 disciplinary, grounded on prudential motives. 
 
 Bishop Feme. 
 
 3. Relating to a regular course of educa- 
 tion. 
 
 'I'liese are the studies, wherein our noble and 
 gentle youth ought to bestow their time in a di.un- 
 plinury way. Milton. 
 
 Di'SCIPLlNE. n. s. [discipUna, I,at.] 
 
 1. Education; instruction; theactofciU- 
 tivating the mind ; the act of fonning 
 the manners. 
 
 He liad charge my discipline to frame, 
 And tutors nouriture to overset. Spenser. 
 
 'I'he cold of the northern parts is that which, 
 without aid of discipline, doth make the bodies 
 liardest, and the courage warmest. Bacon. 
 
 They who want that sense of discipline, hear- 
 ing, are also by consequence deprived of speech. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 It is by the assistance of the eye and tlie ear es- 
 pecially, which are called the senses of discipline^ 
 that our minds are furnished with various parts of 
 knowledge. Watts. 
 
 2. Rule of government; order; method 
 of c^overnment. 
 
 They hold, that from the very apostles time 
 till this present age, wherein yourselves imagine 
 ye have found out a right pattern of sound disci" 
 piine, there never was any time safe to be followed. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 As we are to believe forever the articles of evan- 
 gelical doctrine, so the precepts of discipline we 
 are, in like sort, bound for ever to observe. Hooker. 
 
 While we do admire 
 This virtue and this moral discipline, 
 Let 's be no stoicks. Shakesp, 
 
 3. MiUtary regulation. 
 
 This opens all your victories in Scotland, 
 Your discipline in war, wisdom in peace. Shakesp. 
 
 Let crooked steel invade 
 The lawless troops which discipline disclaim. 
 And their superfluous growth with rigour tame. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 4. A state of subjection. 
 
 The most perfect, who have their passions in the 
 best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on 
 their guard. Rogers, 
 
 5. An}^ thmg taught ; art; science. 
 
 Art may be said to overcome and advance na- 
 ture in these mechanical disciplines, which, in this 
 respect, are much to be preferred. Wilkins. 
 
 6. Piniishnient ; chastisement ; correc- 
 tion. 
 
 A lively cobler kicked and spurred while his 
 
 wife was carrying hiui, and Imd scarce passed a 
 
 day withuut giviug her the discipline of the strap. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 7. External mortification. 
 
 ilie love of God niiikes a man chaste without 
 tlu* lahorious arts of fasting and e.vterior disciplnie ; 
 he reaches at glory without any other arms but 
 lliose of love. Tayl^rr. 
 
 To Di'sciPLlNE. v.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To educate ; to instruct; to bring up. 
 
 We are wise t'nough to begin when they are 
 very young, and discipline by timts tliose other 
 creatures we would make useful and good for 
 somewliat. Locke. 
 
 Tliey were with care prepared and disciplined 
 for confirmation, which they could not arrive at 
 till the3' were f(mnd, upon examination, to have 
 made a sufficient progress iu the knowledge of 
 Cbiistianity. Addison on the Christian ReligioJi. 
 
 530
 
 D I S 
 
 2. To regulate; to keep in order. 
 
 They luok to us, as wc sliouid judge of an aimy 
 of vtU-disciplined soldiers at a distance. 
 
 Devfiam's AstrO'Thcotogy. 
 
 3. To punish ; to correct ; to chastise. 
 
 4. To atUance l)y instruction. 
 
 The law apjH'ar'd int|)tTffCt, and but giv'n 
 With purpose to resign iliein in full time 
 Up to a better covenant, dUciplind 
 From shadowy types to trutli, from flesh to spirit 
 
 Millm. 
 To Disclai'm. v. a. [dis and claim.] To 
 disown ; to deny any knowledge of; l 
 retract any union with ; to abrogate ; to 
 renounce. 
 
 You cowardly rascal ! nature disclaims all share 
 in tiiee : a tayior made tliee. Shukasp. King Leui\ 
 
 He calls the gods to witness their offence ; 
 Disclaims the war, asserts his innocence. 
 
 Dryden's ^neitl. 
 
 We find our Lerd, on all occasions, discUdming 
 all pretensions to a temporal kingdom. Rogers. 
 
 \ ery few, among those who profess themsi'lves 
 Christians, disclaim all concern for their souls, dis- 
 own tiie authority, or renounce the expectations, 
 of the gospel. Rogers. 
 
 Disclaimer, n. *. [from disclaim.'] 
 
 1. One that disclaims, disowns, or re- 
 nounces. 
 
 2. [In law.] A plea containing an express 
 denial or refusal. Coivell. 
 
 To DiscLo'sE. V. a. [discludo, Lat. dis 
 and closed 
 
 1. To uncover; to produce from a state of 
 latitancy to open view. 
 
 In this deep quiet, from w hat source unknown. 
 Those seeds of fire their fatal birth disclose ; 
 
 And first few scatt'ring s|)arks about were blown, 
 Big with the flames that to our ruin rose. Uryden. 
 
 Then earth and ocean various forms disclose. 
 
 Vrydeii. 
 
 The shells being broken, struck off", and gone, 
 the stone iucludea in them is thereby disclosed and 
 set at liberty. Woodward. 
 
 2. To hatch ; to open. 
 
 It is reported by the ancients, that the ostrich 
 layelh her eggs under sand, where the heat of the 
 sun discloseth them. Bacon. 
 
 3. To reveal ; to tell ; to impart what is 
 secret. 
 
 There may be a reconciliation, except for up- 
 braiding, or pride, or disclosing of secrets, or a trea- 
 cherous wound ; for from these things every friend 
 will depart. Eccbts. 
 
 If 1 disclose, my passion. 
 Our friendship 's at an end ; if 1 conceal it. 
 Tile world will cull me false. Addison's Cato. 
 
 DiscLo'sER. n. s. [from disclose.] One 
 
 that reveals or discovers. 
 DiscLo'suRE. Ji. s. [from disclose.] 
 
 1. Discovery; production into view. 
 
 The producing of cold is a thing very worthy the 
 inquisition,both for the use and disc/osure of causes. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. Act of revealing any thing secret. 
 
 .\fter so happy a marriage between the king and 
 her daughter, she was, upnn a sudden mutability 
 and disclosure of the king's mind, severely handled. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 DiscLu'.sioN. n. s. [disclusus, Lat.] 
 Emission. 
 
 Judge what a ridiculous thing it were, that the 
 continued shadow of the earth shnuld he broken hv 
 sudden miraculous eruptions and disclusions of ligtii 
 to prevent the ait of the lanthorn-maker. More. 
 
 Discoloration. 71. s. [from discolour.] 
 
 1. The act of changing the colour ; tlie 
 act of staining. 
 
 2. Change of colour ; stain ; die. 
 
 In a depravation of the humours from a sound 
 etate to what the physicians call by a general name 
 
 I) I s 
 
 of a cicncliyni^', spots and dUcohrations of the skin 
 are si^n* ot wiak fibres. Arfntthimt. 
 
 To DISCO'LOUR. r. a. [dcco/oro, Lat.] 
 To cliange from the natural hue ; to 
 stain. 
 
 Many a widow's husband groveling lies. 
 Coldly embracing tbe discnhur'd r-.irm. 
 
 Shftkesp. K. John. 
 
 Drink water, either pure, or hxil discoloured wiih 
 malt. TempU. 
 
 Suspicions, and fatitastical surniise, 
 And jeHlousy, with jaundice in her eyes. 
 Discolouring all she view'd, Drudtn 
 
 He who luoks upon the soul throuuh itsoutwar<l 
 actions, sees it ihrougli ;i deceitful tnediuiu, which 
 is apt to discobur and pervert the ohject. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Have a care lest some beloved notion, ur some 
 darling science, so prevail over your mind as t.t 
 discolour all vour ideas. Watts. 
 
 To DISCOMFIT, r. a. [desconjire, Fr. 
 sconjig^ere, It^il. as if from disconjtg-tir, 
 Lat.] To defeat; to conquer; to van- 
 quish ; to overpower; to subdue; t( 
 beat; to overthrow. 
 
 Fight against that nionstn>us rebel, Cade, 
 ^\ hom, since, I heard to he discomfited. Shakesp. 
 
 Joshua discomfited Aniaiek and his people wiih 
 the edge of the sword. Eiodus. 
 
 He, fu^'Uivc, declin'd superior strength ; 
 Discomfited, [inrsued, in the sad cliace 
 Ten thousand ii:nomiuinus fall. PItilips. 
 
 While my pailant coinitryiuen are employed in 
 pursuing rebels half rfi5Cim(^/t-(/ through the cunsci 
 oiisness of their guilt, 1 shall improvt- those victo- 
 ries to the good of my fellow sui'jctls, Addison 
 
 Discomfit. 71. s. [from the verb.] * De- 
 feat ; rout ; overthrow. 
 
 Fly you must : incurable (ifscom/i'f 
 Reigns in the hearts of all our present party. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 Dagon must stoop, and shall ere long receive 
 Such a discomfit, as shall quite despoil him 
 Of all these boasted trophits. Milton i A^nnistes. 
 Disco'mfiture. w. s. [from discomfit.] 
 Defeat; loss of battle; rout; ruin; 
 overthrow. 
 
 Sad tidings bring I to you out of France, 
 Of loss, of slaughter, and discomfiture. Shakesp. 
 
 Behnld, every man's sword was against his fel- 
 low, and there was a very great discomfiture. 1 Sam. 
 
 What a defeat and d'lscomjiture is it to a man, 
 when he comes to use this wealth, to find it all false 
 metal ! Gover/imcnt irf the Tongue. 
 
 He sent his angels to fi"ht for his people ; and 
 the discomjiture and slaugnter of great hosts is at- 
 tributed to their assistance. Atterburv. 
 
 Discomfort, w. s. [dis and coni- 
 Jort.] L^neasiness; sorrow; melancholy; 
 gloom. 
 
 This himself did foresee, and therefore armed his 
 church, to the end they might sustain it without 
 discomfort. HiHikcr. 
 
 Discomfort guides m^y tongue. 
 And bids me speak of notliing but despair. Shak. 
 
 In solitude there is not only discomfort, but 
 weakness also. South. 
 
 To Disco'mfort. i\ a. [from the noun.] 
 To grieve ; to sadden ; to deject. 
 
 Her champion went away discomforted as much 
 as discomfited. Sidney. 
 
 His funeral shall not be in our camp, 
 Lest it discomfort us. Shaktsv. Julius Cttsar. 
 
 Disco'mfortable, adj, [Irom discom- 
 fort.] 
 
 1. That is melancholy and refuses comfort. 
 
 Discomfortabte cousin, know'st thou not 
 Tiuit when the searching eye of Heav'n is hid 
 Behind the glolje, it lights the lower world r 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. That causes sadness. 
 
 What! did that help poor Dorus, whose eyes 
 could carry unto him nootherncws but rfiscom/nrt- 
 able ? Sidneu- 
 
 D I S 
 
 To DI.SCOMMEND. V. a. [dis and com- 
 mend.] To blame ; to censure ; to 
 mention witli disapprobation. 
 
 AbsoIutel^V we cannot discommend, we cannot 
 absolutely approve, either willingness to live, or 
 forwardness to die. Ilooktr. 
 
 Now you will all be wjt^ : and Ite, I prav, 
 And you, that discommend it, lueiid the pl-ty. 
 
 Denhom. 
 Neither do l(/urommntW the lofty style in tragedy, 
 which is naturally pompous and inagniric<'iit. 
 
 Dmdcn. 
 
 Di.scomme'ndable. adj, [from discom- 
 mend.] Blameable ; censurable: de- 
 serving blame. 
 
 Pusillanimity is, accordinc to Ari*totle's mora- 
 lity, a vice very discommcndabU. Ayhije't Parergon. 
 
 Discommendablenkss. w.* *. [from 
 discommendable.] IMameableness ; li- 
 ableness lo censure. Diet, 
 
 Discommendation, n.s. [from </isfo;»- 
 mend.] Blame ; reproach ; censure. 
 
 Tullv assigns iliree motions, whereby, witlioul 
 any discommendation, a man might be <lrjivTn to be- 
 come an accuser of others. Aylitje^s l^orcrgon. 
 
 Discomme'ndeR. n. s, [from discom- 
 mend] One that disconmiends; a dis- 
 praiser. 
 
 To Discommo'de. r. a, \dis and com- 
 ipcdc, Fr,] To put to inconvenience; 
 to molest ; to incommode. 
 
 DiscoMMODious. adj. [from discom- 
 mode.] Inconvenient ; troublesome ; 
 unpleasin^. 
 
 So many thousand soldiers, unfit for any labour, 
 or (»thcr trade, must either seek service ai.d em- 
 ployment abroad, wliich may be dangerous ; or 
 else emplov thetuselves here at home, which niay 
 he discommodiotis. Spetiser's Stale of hcLmd. 
 
 Discommo'dity. n. s. [from discom- 
 mode.] Inconvenience ; disadvantage ; 
 hurt ; mi>chief. 
 
 We speak now of usury, how the discommodities 
 of it may be best avoided, and the cumniodities 
 retained : or how, in the balance i-f comniouities 
 and discommodities t the qualities of usury are iu be 
 reconciled. Bacon. 
 
 It is better that a ship should be preserved with 
 some discommodily to tlie sailors, than tliat, Uie 
 sailors being in health, the ship should jierisli. 
 
 llauieard. 
 
 To DISCOMPOSE, r. a. [dtcomposn 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To disorder; to unsettle. 
 
 The debate upon the self-denying ordinance had 
 raised many jealolisies, and discomposed the confi- 
 dence that had formerly been between many of 
 them. Clarcndom. 
 
 2. To ruffle ; to disorder. 
 
 Now Hetty from her master's bed had flown. 
 And softly stole to divontpv>e her own. Swift. 
 
 3. To disturb the temper ; to agitate by 
 jx^rturbation. 
 
 No more, dear mother : ill in death it shows. 
 Your peace of mind hv rage to discompose. Drvden. 
 
 4. To offend; to fret ; to vex. 
 
 JMen, who possess all the advantages of life, are 
 in a state where there are many accidents (o disor- 
 der and discom}f<^, but few to please them. Suift, 
 
 5. To displace; to discard: not in use. 
 
 Though he was a dark prince* and infinitely 
 suspicious, he never put down or discompnad a 
 counsellor or near servant. Bacon. 
 
 Discomposure, n.s. [£toia discompose.] 
 Disorder ; perturbation. 
 
 He threw himself upon his bed, lamenting with 
 much passion, and with abundance of tears ; and 
 continued in this melanchulick di$com}\^urt of 
 mind many days. L'larcndtm. 
 
 531
 
 D I S 
 
 To Disconcert, v. a. [tlis and con- 
 cert.] 
 
 1. To unsettle the mind ; to discompose. 
 
 Yuu need not provoke their spirits by oulruf^cs : 
 a careless gesture, n woril, or a look, is enoiigli to 
 discmiceit tlleiii. Collier. 
 
 2. To break a scheme ; to defeat a machi- 
 nation. 
 
 Disconfo'rmity. n. s. [dis and co?!- 
 foriiiiti/.] Want of agreement ; incon- 
 sistency. 
 
 Lyes arise from evrour and mistake, or malice 
 and forEery ; tiicy consist in the disajTreeuient ami 
 disciwj/Inmilv betwixt the speech and tile C(jncei)lion 
 of llie mind, or the conceptions of the mind aiid 
 tlie things themselves, or the speech and the 
 things. Hukciiill on Frov'uU'tirc. 
 
 DlscoNGRU'lTY. n.s. [disixndcongruiti/.] 
 Disagreement ; inconsistency- 
 There is want of capacity in the thing, to sus- 
 tain such a duration, from the intriubicai discon- 
 gruity of the one to the other. 
 
 Hale's Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 Disco'nsolate. adj. [dis and consnk:] 
 Void of comfort ; hopeless ; sorrowful ; 
 
 melancholy. 
 
 See Cassius all disconaolate, 
 With Piiidarus his bondman, on this hill. Shakesp. 
 
 if patiently tliy biddiuc; tliey obey, 
 Dismiss theu'i not dUconsolate. Milton. 
 
 The ladies and the knights, no sheltcrnigh, 
 A^ ere dropping wet, di.'iconaolate and w:ui. 
 And through their thin array receiv'd the rain. 
 
 Dri]den. 
 The moon reflects the sunbeams to ns, and so, 
 by illuminating the air, takes away in some mea- 
 sure the disconsolate darkness of our winter nights. 
 
 Hay. 
 
 Disco'nsolately. adv. [from discon- 
 solate.] In a disconsolate manner ; 
 comfortlessly. 
 Disco'nsolateness. n. s. [from discon- 
 solate.] Tlie state of being discon- 
 solate. 
 Disconte'nt. n. s. [dis and coyitcnt.] 
 Want of content ; uneasiness at the pre- 
 sent state. 
 
 I see your brows full o{ discontent, 
 Your hearts of sorrows, and your eyes of tears. 
 
 Shalicsp. 
 Not that their pleasures caus'd her discontent, 
 She sigh'd, not that they stay'd, but thatslie went. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Disconte'nt. adj. [dis and content.] 
 Uneasy at the present state ; dissatis- 
 fied. 
 
 They were of their own nature circumspect 
 and slow, discountenanced and discontent ; and 
 those the earl singled as fittest for his purpose. 
 
 Ilnyn^urd. 
 
 To Disconte'nt. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To dissatisfy; to make uneasy at the 
 
 present state. 
 
 I know a discontented gentleman, 
 Whose humble means match not his haughty 
 spirit. Sliukc^it. 
 
 The discontented now are only they 
 Whose crimes before did your just cause betray. 
 
 Drtfdcu. 
 Disconte'nteu. participial adj. [from 
 discontent.] Uneasy ; cheerless ; ma- 
 levolent. 
 
 Let us know 
 WTiat will tie up your discontented sword. ,Shakesp. 
 These are, beyond comparison, the two greatest 
 evils in this world ; a diseased body, and a discon- 
 tented mind. ^ Tillotson. 
 
 The goddess, with a discontented air. 
 Seems to reject him, the' she grants his pray'r. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 1) I s 
 
 Disconte'ntedness. n. s. [from dis- 
 contented.] Uneasiness; want of case; 
 dissatisfaction. 
 
 A beacnifu' bust of Alexander the Great casts 
 up his face tn heaven with a noble air of grief, or 
 discontenlrdnrss, in his looks. /l,/./i,«»i's Travels. 
 
 Discontentment. ?i. s. [from discon- 
 tent.] The state of being discontented ; 
 uneasiness. 
 
 These are the vices that fill them with general 
 disconttiilmcnl, as though the bosom of that fa- 
 mous chinch, wherein they live, were more noi- 
 some ih'in any dungeon'. Hooker. 
 The politick and artificial noiirishingand enter- 
 taining of hopes, and carryiil" men from hopes to 
 hopes^ is luie of the best anticlotes against the poi- 
 son of discontentments. Bacon. 
 
 Disconti'nuance. 71. s. [from discon- 
 tinue.] 
 
 1. Want of cohesion of parts; wantof union 
 of one part with another ; disruption. 
 
 The stillicides of water, if there be enough to 
 follow, will draw themselves into a small thread, 
 bechuse they will not discontinue; but if there be 
 no remedy, "then they cast themselves into round 
 drops, wliich is the figure that savetli the body 
 most from discoatimtanee. Bacon's Nut. Hist. 
 
 2. Cessation; intermission. 
 
 Let us consider whether our n]>proaches to him 
 are sweet and refieshing, and if we arc uneasy 
 under any long discontiniutnce of our conversation 
 with him. Atterhnrii. 
 
 3. [In the common law.] An interruption 
 or breaking off; as discontinuance of pos- 
 session, or discontinuance o^ytYoceas. The 
 effect o( discontinuance of possession is, 
 that a man may not enter upon his own 
 land or tenement alienated, whatsoever 
 his right be luito it, or by his own autho- 
 rity ; but must seek to recover posses- 
 sion by law. The effect of discontinuance 
 of plea is, that the instance may not be 
 taken up again, but by a new writ to 
 begin tlie suit afresli. Cowell. 
 
 Discontinua'tion. w. s. [from dis- 
 continue.] Disruption of continuity; 
 breach of luiion of parts ; disruption ; 
 separation. 
 
 Upon any discontinnation of parts, made either 
 by bubbles, or by shaking the glass, the whole 
 inercury falls. Newton. 
 
 To Disconti'nue. v.n. discontinucr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To lose tlie cohesion of parts; to suffer 
 separation or disruption of substance. 
 
 All boflii-s, ductile and tensile, as metals, that 
 will be drawn inio wires ; wool and tow, that 
 will be drawn into yarn, or ihread ; have in them 
 the appetite of not discontinuing strong, which 
 maketh them follow the force that piilleth them 
 out. and yet so as not to discontinue or forsake 
 their own body. Bacoji. 
 
 2. To lose an established or prescriptive 
 custom or riijht. 
 
 Thyself %\iii\tdiscontimie from thine heritage that 
 I give thee, and I will cause tlite to serve thine 
 cMcuiies. Jer. 
 
 To Disconti'nue. v. a. 
 
 1 . To leave off; to cease any practice or 
 habit. 
 
 Twenty puny lies I'll tell. 
 That men shall swear I've discontinued school 
 Ahiive a tweivenioMth. Shakesp. 
 
 Examine thy customs of diet, sleep, exercise, 
 apparel, and the like ; and try, in any thou shall 
 judge huriful, to discontinue it by litde and little; 
 "but so, as if thou find any inconvenience by the 
 change, thou ciuiie back to it again. Bacon. 
 
 2. To break oft'; to interrupt. 
 
 D I S 
 
 There is tbat property, in all letters, of aptness 
 to be conjoined iu sjlliibk's jituI words, through 
 tlie voluble motions of tlie organs from one stop 
 or figure to another, that they modify and discri- 
 minate the voice, without appearin;^ to discontinue 
 it. HoUler^s Klanents of Speech . 
 
 Discontinui'ty. «. s. [dis and cc?i~ 
 
 fimiiti/.] Disunity of parts ; want of 
 cohesion. 
 
 That discnntimiit}^ of parts is tiic principal cause 
 of the opacity of bodies, will appear by coiisider- 
 inji that opaque substances becnnie transpnreiit by 
 filfint: their pores with anv sul)stance of equal, or 
 almost equal, density wif*li their parts. Kewton. 
 
 Disconve'nience. 71, s, [(lift and conve- 
 nience.] Incongruity ; disagreement ; 
 opposition of natui*e. 
 
 Kear ariscth many times out of natural antljia- 
 thics of nature; but, in these (fisctmvenicncies of 
 nature, deliberation halli no place at all. 
 
 Bnniihtiirs Answer to llobhes. 
 Dl'SCORD. n.s. [discordiay Lat.] 
 
 1 . Disagreement ; opposition ; mutual an- 
 ger; reciprocal oppu<^nancy. 
 
 See what a scourge is laid upon your hate, 
 That heav'n tinds means to kill your joys with 
 
 love ! 
 And I, for winking at your tti.scords too. 
 Have lost a brace of kinsmen. 
 
 Shakesp. Borneo and Juliet. 
 
 He is a false witness that spcakelh lies, and that 
 
 SQweth discord amoni: brethren. Froicrbs. 
 
 2. Difference or contrariety of qualities, 
 particularly of sounds. 
 
 Take but degree awav, untune that strin^. 
 And hark what discord i'ullows ; each thing meets 
 In mere oppugnancy. Shakesp. Troil. and Cras* 
 
 Discard, like that of music's various parts, 
 Discord that makes the harmony of hearts ; 
 Discord, that only this dispute shall bring, 
 VVlio best shall love the duke and serve the Icing. 
 
 Drydm. 
 
 All nature is bnt art unknown to thee ; 
 All chance, direction whicli tliou canst not see ; 
 All discm'd, harmony not understood : 
 Ail pariiiil evil, universal good. Pope, 
 
 3. [In music] Sounds not of themselves 
 pleasing, but necessary to be mixed with 
 others. 
 
 It is sound alone tliat doth immediately and in- 
 corporeally atfect most ; this is most manifest in 
 music, and concords and discords in music : for nil 
 sounds, whether they be sharp or flat, if tliey be 
 sweet, have a roundness and equality ; and if they 
 be harsh, are unequal : for a discord itself is but a 
 barslmess of divers sounds meeting. Bacon. 
 
 It is the lark that sings so out of tune, 
 Straining harsh discordsanrl unpleasing sharps. S/m. 
 
 How doth music amaze us, when oS discords she 
 maketh the sweetest harmony 1 Feachum. 
 
 To Di'scoRD. i\ n. [discordoj Lat.] To 
 disagree ; not to suit witli. 
 
 Sounds do disturb and alter the one the other ; 
 sometimes the one drowning ilie other, and making 
 it not heard ; sometimes the one Jarring and discord- 
 i}7g with the other, and making a confusion. Ba£on. 
 
 Disco'rdance. 1 n.s. [from discord,] 
 Disco'rdancy. J Disagreement ; op- 
 position ; inconsistency. 
 Disco'rdant. adj. [discordfiriSy Lat.] 
 
 1. Inconsistent; at variance with itself. 
 
 IMyrrha was joy'd the welcome news to hear, 
 But.'clogg'd with guilt, tlicjoy was unsincere ; 
 So various, so discordant is the uiiufi, 
 That in ourwill a ditfcrent will we find. Dryden. 
 
 2. Opposite ; contrarious. 
 
 The discordunt attraction of some wandering 
 comets would certainly disorder the revolutions ut 
 the planets, if they a]>proached too near theui. 
 
 CJityrtt. 
 
 3. Incongruous ; not conformable. 
 Hitlier ccm science is to be referred ; if by a com- 
 parison of things done with the rule there be a 
 
 532
 
 D I S 
 
 consonancy, then follows the sentence of aiipro- 
 bation ; if discordant from it, llic scntfiicc of con- 
 denilmtion. Hate's Origjii of Mankind. 
 
 Disco'RDANTLY. adv. [from discordant .] 
 J . Inconsistently ; in disagreement witii 
 itself. 
 
 2. In disagreement with another. 
 
 Two slringsof a musical instrument being strnrk 
 togetlicr, making two noises tbat arrive at tbe ear 
 «t the same time as to sense, jiclel a sound dilfcr- 
 ing from either of tliem, and as it were compound- 
 eil of biitli ; insomucli, fliat if they be ilisconlanllii 
 tuned, (hough each of them struck apart would 
 yield a pleasing sound, yet being struck together 
 tbey make a liarsli and troublesome noise. 
 
 Boijlc on Colonrs. 
 
 3. Peevi.shly ; in a contradictious manner. 
 To Disco'vKR. r. a. [dicouvrir, Fr. dis 
 
 and fOi'cr.] 
 
 1. To shew ; to disclose ; to bring to light ; 
 to make visible. 
 
 2. To exjKJse to view. 
 
 The cover of the coach was made with such 
 joints, that as they mJL'hl, to avoid the wealher, 
 pull it up close, so thev might put each end down, 
 and remain as (iiscom'ed and open-sighted as on 
 horseback. Sidney. 
 
 Go draw aside tlie curtains, and disemtr 
 Thr several caskets to this noble prince, .^akesp. 
 
 He discoverclh deep things out of darkness, and 
 brincetb out to lii;ht the shadow of death. 
 
 Jab, xii. ?2. 
 
 3. To shew ; not to shelter ; to expose. 
 
 And now will I rfisedi'Or her lewdness. Hosea. 
 Law can rfisoil'tT jiu, but not remove. Mittm. 
 
 4. To make known ; not to disguise ; to 
 reveal. 
 
 We will pass over unto those men, and we will 
 discover ourselves mito ilicni. ha. xiv. 8. 
 
 Eve, wIki unseen 
 Yet all had heard, with audible lament 
 IHicoitr'd frimi the place of her retire. Mittnn. 
 
 5. To ken ; to espy. 
 
 When we had <iuciii;..red Cyprus, vie left it on 
 the left hand. ^cis. 
 
 6. To find out ; to obtain information. 
 
 He shall never, by any alteration in uie, discorer 
 my knowledge of liis mistake. Pojie's Letters. 
 
 7. To detect ; to find though concealed. 
 
 Up he starts, 
 THsctnrr^d and surpris'd. Iililton. 
 
 IMan with strength and free will arm'd 
 Complete, to have discovcr'd and repi Is'd 
 Whatever wiles of foe or seeming frit'nd. ]\liUim. 
 
 8. To find things or places not known 
 before. 
 
 Some to discover islands far away. Shakesp. 
 
 Another part In squadrons bend their march 
 On bold adventure, to discover wide 
 That dismal world. Nitton. 
 
 So of things. The Germans discovtr- 
 ed printing and gtinpowder. 
 
 9. To exhibit to the view. 
 
 S<Hne high cliuibing hill, 
 Whirb to bis eye diicoveys unaware 
 The goodly prospect of some foreign land, 
 First seen, or sonic rcnown'd metropolis 
 With glist'ring spires and battlements adorn 'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 Not light, but rather darkness visible, 
 Serv'd only to discover sights of woe. Milton. 
 
 Discoverable, adj. [from discover.'] 
 
 1. That which maybe found out. 
 
 That mineral malter, which is so intermixed 
 with the crmmion and terrestrial matter, as not to 
 ])e dtseovcraliU by human industry ; or, if dwctJrer- 
 ahlc, diffused and scattered amongst the crasser 
 matter, can never be separated. 
 
 It oodu-ard's Natural History. 
 
 Revelation may assert two things to be joinc'l, 
 whose counectiuu or agreement is not discoverable 
 by reason. Watts. 
 
 D I S 
 
 2. Apparent; exposed to view. 
 
 Tlu'v wt-re deceived by Satan, and that not in 
 an invkihlf situation, but in an open and discina'- 
 tible apparition, tlialis, in tlie fonu ofu serj)L-iit. 
 
 Broivns Vul^. Errours, 
 
 It is concluded by astronomers, tliiit tlie atmos- 
 phere of tlie moon fiath no clouds nor rains, but a 
 lier|)Ctual and vniiform serenity ;' because nothiii;/ 
 discoverable in tlie lunar surface is ever covered and 
 absconded by tbe interposition of any clouds or 
 mists. Bcniley. 
 
 Disco'vERER. n. s. [from discover.'] 
 
 1. One tliat finds any thing not known 
 before ; a finder out. 
 
 If more be fuund out, thcv will not recompense 
 the discoverers pains, but w-Wl be fitter to be cnst 
 out. Holder. 
 
 Places receive ajipellations, according to tin- 
 laiigiiase of the discoverer, from observations niHdc 
 upon tlie pcuple. Brooutc. 
 
 Tin" (!ape of Good Hope was doubled in (hose 
 early times ; and the Portuguese were not tin* first 
 discoverers of that navigation. Arhnthnot on Coins. 
 
 An old maiden gentlewoman is the greatest r/is- 
 dnerer of indi^inents ; she can tell you wimt sin it 
 ■was that set sucli a man's house on fire. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. A scout ; one who is put to descry the 
 posture or number of an enemy ; specu- 
 lator. 
 
 Here stand, my lords, and send discoverers forth, 
 To know the nuuibers of our enemies, Shakesjt. 
 
 Disco'vERY. 71. s. [from discover.] 
 
 1. The act of finding any thing hidden. 
 
 Of all wlin since hnve us'd the cycn sea, 
 Tlmn the bold Eiijilish none more fame have won ; 
 
 Beyond the year, and out of heaven's high way, 
 They make discoveries where they see no sun. 
 
 Dri^den. 
 
 2. The act of revealing or disclosing any 
 secret. 
 
 What, must 1 hold a candle to my shame.'' 
 They in themselves, good sooth, are too, too light. 
 AVliy 'tis an office of discovery, love. 
 And I siiuuld be obscur'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant ofVemce. 
 
 Things tbat appeared amiable by the light of 
 this world, appear of a different odious hue in the 
 clear dhcoveries of the next. South. 
 
 It wovild he ii'^ccssary to say something of the 
 state to uhich the war haih reduced us ; sucli a 
 discoveni ought to be made as late as possible. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 To Discou'nsel. v. a. [dis and cou7isci.] 
 To dissuade; to give contrary advice. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 F>ut him that palmar from that vanity 
 With temperate advice discoanscUcd. Spenser. 
 
 Di'scouNT. 71. s, [dis and cQunt.] The 
 sum refimded in a bar^itin. 
 
 His while intention ^v^s, to buy a certain 
 quantity of copper ?noiiey from \Voi-'d, ni a large 
 discount, and sell them as well as he could. 
 
 Sirift. 
 
 To Dl'scoUNT. V. a, [from the noun.] 
 To count back ; to pay back aijain. 
 
 My father's, mother's, brother's death I pardon : 
 I\Iy prayers and penance shall discount for tliese. 
 And beg of heav'n to charge the bill on me. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The farmers, spitefully comliin'd. 
 Force him to take his tithes in kind ; 
 And Parvisol discounts arrears 
 I'y bills f<ir taxes and re|)airs. Suift. 
 
 To Discou'ntenance. r. a. [dis and 
 coun(ena7tce.] 
 
 1. To discourage by cold treatment. 
 
 Unwillins tliey were to discountenance any man 
 who was \^illing to serve ihcm. Ctavendon. 
 
 The truly upright j idi^e will always counte- 
 nance ri^ht, and discoiuiteitnnce wrong. Atterbury. 
 
 2. To abash ; to put to shame. 
 
 I) I s 
 
 Wisdom, in discourse u-ith her, 
 Loses discmmtenanc^d, and like folly •^hrws. Mi7//>n. 
 lie came, and with him Kve, more loth, tho* first 
 To oAend ; di.tcountcnunc'd both and di*compot*d. 
 
 ^SitUm. 
 How would one look from bis majestic bruw^ 
 Seated aa on tJie top of virtue's bill, 
 Discount' mince her desjtis'd ! Milton. 
 
 Discou'ntenance. n. *. [dis and coun^ 
 tenaTicc] Cold treatment; unfavourable 
 aspect ; unfriendly regard. 
 
 He tbongbt a little discountenance upon tho^e 
 persons would suppress that spirit. Cfarendim. 
 
 Ail accidental misfortunes, how inevitable so- 
 ever, were still attended with very apparent dii- 
 countenance. Clarendon. 
 
 In expectation of the hour of judcment, he pa- 
 tiently bears all the difiicultics of duty, aud lite 
 discounteiumce he meets with from a wicked uid 
 propliant; world. Rogcri. 
 
 Discou'ntenancer. n.s. [from discoun- 
 (ctiancc] One thut discourages by 
 cold treatment ; one that depresses by 
 unfriendly regard. 
 
 Rumours of scandal and murmurs against tbe 
 king, and his government, taxed him for a great 
 ta\er of his people, and discountenancervdih nobi- 
 lity. Bactm. 
 
 To'DiSCOU'R.\GE. r. a. [dtcouragvr, 
 
 Fr. dis and courage.] 
 L. To depress ; to deprive of confidence ; 
 to deject ; to dastardize. 
 
 I might neither encourage the rebels insolence, 
 nor discourage tbe protestants loyalty and patience. 
 
 King Chartts. 
 Tbe apostle with great zeal discourages too un- 
 reasonable a presumption. Rogers. 
 
 2. To deter ; to fright from any attempt : 
 with from before the thing. 
 
 Wherefore discoura<^e yc the heart of the chil- 
 dren of Urael from going over into the land ? 
 
 Ktunbc^. 
 
 3. It is irregularly used by Temple with to 
 before the following word. 
 
 You may keep your beauty and your health, 
 unless you destroy them yourself, or discouraf^e 
 them to stay with you. by using them ill. Temple. 
 DlscouR.AGER. n. s. [from discour- 
 age.] One that impresses diffidence and 
 terrour. 
 
 Most men in years, as tbey are generally dis- 
 co(/r-ufffrs of youtli, are like olil trees, wliich, be- 
 ing past heaViniT tl^emselves, ^ill sutler no young 
 plants to flourish beneath them. Pope. 
 
 Discof'RAGEMENT. It. s. [from discou- 
 
 1 . The act of deterring, or depressing hop*. 
 
 2. Determent ; th.-xt which deters t\x)m any 
 thing : with from. 
 
 ,\mon^st other impediments of any inventions, 
 it is none of the meanest discouragements, that Uiey 
 are so generally derided by eniumon opinion. 
 
 H'i/lin*. 
 
 The books read at schools and colleges are full 
 
 of incitements to virtue, and discouragement from 
 
 vice. 6ifi/(. 
 
 U. The cause of depression, or fear: with 
 
 to, less properly. 
 
 To things wc would have them learn, the great 
 and only discouragement is, tliat they are called to 
 them. " " L«-)i^. 
 
 DISCOURSE, tu s. [discours, Fr. dis- 
 
 cur.^iis I.at.] 
 1. Tlie act of the understanding, by which 
 
 it passes from premises to consequences. 
 
 By reason of that original weakt.css in the in- 
 struments, without which the understanding part 
 is not able in this world by discourse to work, tbo 
 very conceit of painfuluess is a bridle to stav us. 
 
 jy.W.or 
 
 533
 
 D I S 
 
 Sure he that made us with such large discourse, 
 Looking before and after, gave us not 
 That cacablliiy and godhke reason 
 To rust in us vunis'd. Skakesj). 
 
 The act of the mind- which connects proposi- 
 tions, and deduceih conclusions from lliem, the 
 schools call discourse ; and we shall not miscall it, 
 if «e name it ri-ason. Glanville. 
 
 2. Conversation ; mutual intercourse of 
 lanjjuage ; talk, 
 
 lie waxetii wiser than himself, more by an 
 hour's discourse, than hy a day's meditation. 
 
 Bacon. 
 In thy discourse, if thou desire to please, 
 All such is courteous, useful, new, or witty ; 
 
 Usefulness comes by labovir, wit by ease, 
 Courtesy grows in court, news in the city. 
 
 Heibert. 
 The vanquish'd party with the victors joiu'd. 
 Nor wanted sweet discnurse, tlie banquet of the 
 mind. Dryden. 
 
 3. Effusion of language; speech. 
 
 Topical and superficial arguments, of whicli 
 there is store to be found on both sides, filling the 
 liead with variety of thoughts, and the mouth with 
 copious discourse, serve only to amuse the under- 
 standing and entertain company". Locke. 
 
 4. A treatise; a dissei'tation either written 
 or uttered. 
 
 The di.tnx/rse here is about ideas, which, he says, 
 are real things, and seen in God. Locke. 
 
 Plutarch, "in his (/(Aomrse upon garrulity, com- 
 mends the tidelity of the companions of l^lvsses. 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 To Dlscou'rse. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To converse ; to talk ; to relate. 
 
 How wert thou handled, being prisoner? 
 Discourse, I pr'ythee, on this turret's top. Skakesp. 
 
 Of various things discoursing as he pasa'd, 
 Anchises hither bends. Dryden. 
 
 2. To treat upon in a solemn or set man- 
 ner. 
 
 The genera! maxims we are discoursing of are not 
 known to children, ideots, and a great part of 
 mankind. Locke, 
 
 3. To reason ; to pass from premises to 
 consequences. 
 
 Any vet the pow'rs of her discoursing thoughts, 
 From'the collection is a diverse thing. Davies. 
 
 Brutes do want that quick discoursing power. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 To Discou'rse, V. fl. [from the noun.] 
 To treat of; to talk over; to discuss. 
 
 Go with u» into the abbey here. 
 And let us there at large discourse all our fortnties. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Discou'rser. n. s. [from discoursed] 
 
 1. A speaker ; an haranguer. 
 
 The tract of every thing 
 \Vould by a good discourser lose some life, 
 V hich action s self was tongue to. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A writer on any subject ; a disser- 
 tator. 
 
 Philologers and critical discourstrs, who look be- 
 yund the obvious exteriors if things, will nt)t be 
 "angry at our narrower exploratiuiis. Broum. 
 
 But it seems to lue, that such discoursers do rea- 
 son uj)on short views, and a very moderate com- 
 pass of thought. Sicift. 
 
 Discor'RSiVE. adj. [Cvom discourse.'] 
 
 1, Passing by intermediate steps from pre- 
 mises to consequences. 
 
 The soul 
 Reason receives, and reason is her being, 
 Discoursive, or intuitive; discourse 
 Is i-ffest yours, the latter is most ours. ]\Iiltffn. 
 
 2. Containing dialogue ; interlocutory. 
 The epic is every where interlaced with dia- 
 logue, or discoursive scenes. 
 
 Dryden on DroTnatic Poesy. 
 
 Discou'rteous. adj. [dis and courteous.] 
 Uncivil; uncomplaisant; defective in 
 good manners. 
 
 D I S 
 
 He resolved to unhorse tlie first discourteous 
 
 knight he should meet. Mottem's Don Quiiote. 
 
 Discou'rtesy. n. s. [dis and courtesij.] 
 
 Incivility ; rudeness ; act of disrespect. 
 
 As if chcarfuhiess had been tedicusness, and 
 good entertainment h;ul been turned to discourtesy, 
 he would ever get himself alone. Sidney. 
 
 Be cairn in arguing ; for fierceness makes 
 Error a fault, and trutli discourtesu- Herbert. 
 
 He made me visits, maundering as if I had done 
 him a discourtesy. Wiseman. 
 
 Discou'RTEorsLY. adv. [from discourte- 
 ous.] Uncivilly ; rudely. 
 Dl'scous. adj. [from discus, Lat.] Broad ; 
 flat ; wide. Used by botanists to de- 
 note the middle, plain, and flat part of 
 some flovv'ers, such as the flos so] is, l^c. 
 
 Quincy 
 DISCREDIT, n.s. [decrediter, Fr.] Ig. 
 nominy ; reproach ; lower degree of 
 infamy ; disgrace ; imputation of a 
 fault. 
 
 Had I been the finder out of this secret, it would 
 not have relished among my other discredits. 
 
 Shakesjt. 
 
 Tdlers will ever live like rogues, and not fall to 
 
 work, but be lazy, and then certify over their 
 
 conntrv to the discredit uf a plantaiion. Bacon. 
 
 That they may quit their morals without any 
 
 discredit to their intellectuals, they fly to several 
 
 stale, trite, pitiful objections and cavils. South. 
 
 'Tis the duty of every christian to be concerned 
 
 for the reputation or discredit his life may brinuon 
 
 his profession. Rogers. 
 
 Alas, the small discredit of a bribe 
 Scarce hurts the lawyer, but undoes the scribe. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Discredit, v. a. \dccrtditery Fr.] 
 
 1. To deprive of credibility ; to make not 
 trusted. 
 
 He had framed to himself many deceiving pre- 
 mises of life, which I have discredited to him, and 
 now is he resolved to die. Shukesp. 
 
 2. To disgrace ; to bring reproach upon ; 
 to shame; to make less reputable or 
 honourable. 
 
 Vou had left unseen a wonderful piece of work, 
 which not to have been blest withal, would have 
 discredited you. Shakesp. 
 
 He is commended that makes a saving voyage, 
 and least discredits his travels, who returns the 
 same man he went. Wotton. 
 
 He, like a privileg'd spy, whom nothing can 
 Discredit, libels now 'gainst each great man. Donne. 
 
 Reflect how glorious it would be to appear in 
 countenance of(fJAcredi(ed duly, and by example of 
 piety revive the decliningspirit of religion. Rogers. 
 
 VVithout care our best actions will lose much of 
 tlieir influence, anfl our virtues will be often dis- 
 credited witli the appearance of evil. Rogers. 
 
 3. To distrust; not to credit; not to hold 
 
 certain, 
 DlSCllE'ET. adj. [discret, Fr.] 
 
 1. Prudent; circumspect; cautious; so- 
 ber ; not rash ; not precipitant ; not 
 careless; not liardily adventurous. 
 
 Honest, discreet, quiet, and godly learned men, 
 ■will not be withdrawn by you. Wlntgifte. 
 
 Jjess fearful than discreet, 
 You love the fundamental part of state, 
 ]\Iore than you doubt the charge of 't. Shakesp. 
 
 To elder *;years to be discreet and grave. 
 Then to old age maturity she gave. Denham. 
 
 It is the discreet man, not the witty, nor the 
 learned, nor the brave, who guides the conversa- 
 tion, and gives measures to society'. 
 
 Addison^s Spectator. 
 
 2. Modest; not forward. Not well autho 
 rised. 
 
 Dear youth, by fortune favoured, but by love, 
 Alas I not favour'd less, be still as now 
 Discreet. Tliomson. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Discree'tly. adv. [from discreet.] Pru- 
 dently ; cautiously ; circumspectly. 
 
 Poets lose half the jiraise they should have got. 
 Could it be known wliat they discreetly blot. 
 
 IVatler. 
 
 The labour of obedience, loyalty, and subjec- 
 tion, is no more but for a man honestly and di^ 
 creetlv to sit still. South. 
 
 Brofit springs from hu^lz^ discreetly us'd. Philips. 
 The dullest brain, if gently stiir'd. 
 Perhaps may waken to a humming bird j 
 The most recluse, di.'icrcetly open'd find 
 Congenial object in the cockle kind. Pope's Dun. 
 
 Discreetness, n. s, [from discreet.] 
 The quality of being di^creet ; dis- 
 cretion. 
 
 DISCREPANCE, n. s. [discrepant ia, 
 Lat.] Difference ; contrarietj^ ; dis- 
 agreement. 
 
 Diversity of education, and discrepancy of those 
 principles wherewith men are at first imbued, and 
 whereni all our after reasonings are founded. 
 
 Lord Dighy to K. Dig}>y. 
 
 Dl'scREPANT. adj. [discrepans, Lat.] 
 
 Different; disagreeing; contrary. 
 Fo Discrete, v. a. [discretus, Lat.] To 
 separate ; to discontinue. 
 
 As for its diaplianeity, it enjoyeth that most 
 eminently ; as having its earthly and salinous parts 
 so exactly resolved, that its bod y is left iuiporons, 
 and not (/iscrettft/ by atomical termiiiations. Broicu. 
 
 Discre'te. adj. [discretus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Distinct; disjoined; not continuous. 
 
 D/^ere(e quantity, or dilferent individuals, are 
 measured by number, without any breaking con- 
 tinuity ; that is, in things that have continuity, as 
 continued quantity and motion. 
 
 Hale's Oivgin of Mankiiid. 
 
 2. Disjunctive ; as, / ixsign my life, hut 
 not my honour, is a discrete proposition, 
 
 3. Discrete Proportion is when the ratio 
 between two pairs of numbers or quan- 
 tities is the same ; but there is not the 
 same proportion between all the four: 
 thus, 6 : 15 : : 3 : 4. Harris. 
 
 Discretion, n. s. [from discrelio, Lat.] 
 L Prudence; knowledge to govern or di- 
 rect one's self; skill ; wise management. 
 Nothing then was furtlier thought upon for 
 the manner of governing ; but all permitted un- 
 to their wisdom and discretion which were to rule. 
 
 Hooker. 
 A knife may be taken away from a child, with- 
 out depriving them of the benefits thereof which 
 have years and discretion tn use it. Hooker. 
 
 It is not good that children should know any 
 wickedness : old folks have discretion, and know 
 the world. Shakesp. 
 
 All this was ordered by the good discretion 
 Of the right reverend cardinal of York. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 The pleasure of commanding our passions is to 
 be preferred before any sensual pleasure ; because 
 it is ll;e i)leasure of wisdom and discretioti. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 But care in poetry must still be had. 
 It asks discretion ev'n in running mad. Pope. 
 
 There is no talent so useful towards rising in 
 the world, or which puts men more out t.f the 
 reach of fortune, than diicrftfon, a species of hiwtr 
 prudence. Swijt. 
 
 2. Liberty of acting at pleasure ; uncon- 
 trolled and unconditional power : as^ he 
 surrenders 3.t discretion ; that is, without 
 stipulation. 
 Discre'tionary. adj. [from discretion.] 
 Lett at large ; unlimited ; unrestrained. 
 A deacon may have a dispensation for enter- 
 ing into orders before he is twenty-three year* 
 
 534
 
 D I S 
 
 of age ; and it is d'urretiim/irfj in the 1)isliop Vt ari- 
 uiit Tiiiii to tliat iirdcr at wljal lime he thinks fit. 
 
 The major beitig a person of cuiiMnninule ex- 
 perience, was invested with a discrctioimnj p-iwcr. 
 
 ' Tuilcr. 
 
 Discre'tive. adj. [dlscretus, Lat.] 
 
 1. [In logick.] Discrctivc propositions 
 are such wherein various, and seeniinsjly 
 opposite, jn(I::fnients are made, whose 
 variety or distinction is noted hy the par- 
 ticles but, llioti'^h, i/it. Sic. as, lrair//t>ii 
 tiiui/ thaugc their liimale, but not their 
 itinpa- ; Job ii'as patient, tliou£,di Iiis 
 gritf iras irrial. If alls. 
 
 2. [In grammar.] i)/Vrc//rc distinctions 
 are sucli as imply opposition ; as, not a 
 man, but a beast. 
 
 Discri'minable. aflj. [from iliscriini- 
 tiate.] Distinguishable by outward 
 marks or tokens. Diet. 
 
 To DISCRIMINATE, v. a. [discriinino, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To mark with notes of difference ; to dis- 
 tinguish by certain tokens fiom another. 
 
 Oysters and Cdcliies and muscles, which mnvc 
 nnt, have no disCTiniinate se\. Bncon s A((t. Hist. 
 
 I'liere are tlnee sorts uf it dilfering in tineness 
 frum each other, and discriminated by tlie natives 
 by Ihree peculiar names. Boqie. 
 
 Tlic right liand is discriminated from tlie left by 
 a natural.' necessary, and never to be confounded 
 distinctiuii. Simtli. 
 
 AltliuuEli the features of his countenance be no 
 reason of obedience, yet tiiey raay serve to discri- 
 miiutte hira from any other person, whoui she is 
 not to obey. Stillingjieet. 
 
 There may be ways of discriminating the voice ; 
 as by acuteness and gravity, the several degrees 
 of raising and falling from one tone or note to ano- 
 ther. Holder. 
 
 2. To select or separate from others. 
 
 You owe little less for what you are not, tlian 
 for what you are, to that discriminating mercy, to 
 which alone you owe your exemption from mise- 
 ries. Boyte. 
 
 Discri'minateness. n. s. [from discri- 
 minate.] Distinctness ; mai-ked differ- 
 ence. Diet. 
 
 Discrimina'tion. 71. s. [from discrimi- 
 natio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The state of being distinguished from 
 other persons or things. 
 
 There is a reverence to be shewed them on the 
 account of their discriminatinn from other places, 
 and separation for sacred uses. Stillingjieet. 
 
 2. The act of distinguishing one from an- 
 other ; distinction ; difference put. 
 
 A satire should expose nothing but wliat is 
 corrigible ; and make a due discrimimition between 
 those that are, and those who are not, the proper 
 objects of it. Addison s Sncctutor. 
 
 By that priidcnt discrimination made oetween 
 the oftendcrs of dilFerent degrees, he obliges those 
 whom he has distinguished as objects of mercy. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 3. The marks of distinction. 
 
 Take heed of abetting any factions, or apply- 
 ing any publick discriniijiatunis in matters of reli- 
 gion. t\ing Charles. 
 
 IiCtters arise from the first original discrimina- 
 tions of vince, by way of articulation, thereby the 
 ear is able to judge and observe the dilferences of 
 vocal sounds. Holder. 
 
 Discriminative, adj. [from disciimi- 
 nale.] 
 
 1. That which makes the mai-k of distinc- 
 tion ; characteristical. 
 
 The only standing test, and discrimiMliiie cha- 
 racteristicK of any metal or mineral, must be 
 sought for in the constituent matter of it. Woodw. 
 
 D I S 
 
 '2. That wliicli olrserves distinction, 
 
 Discriminiitive Providence knew btifurt the na- 
 ture and cuursc of all (liiiigs. 
 
 Morels Ant'ulnte against Atheism. 
 Discri'm I NO vs. adj, [tVom (/iscrimen, 
 Lat.] Dangorcus; hazardous, Nol 
 usual. 
 
 Any kind of spitting of blood imports a very 
 (liscrimiiious state, unle&s it bcippLMts upon the gap- 
 ing uf a vein opened b_y a pk-ihory. 
 
 Ilarveu i*n Consiutiptions. 
 
 Discu'bitory. adj. [dhcnbiforii/s, Lat.] 
 Fitted to the posture oDeanino-. 
 
 After bathint: they retired U> bed, and rcfre?thcd 
 tl.emselves with :; repast; Hnd so that cublt.m. h\ 
 dcj^rees, clianged their cuhiciilary lu'ds into dif-rn- 
 tntorif. Brown's ^^itlg- Erriutrs. 
 
 Discu'mbency. n. s. [discvmbtus, Lat.] 
 The act of leaning al meat, after the 
 ancient manner. 
 
 The Greeks and RomHns used the €0*^1001 of 
 discumbciici} a^ meals, which was npuii Iheir left 
 side ; for so their right hand was free and ready 
 fiir all service. Brtuvn's Vul>^. EiTi^urs. 
 
 To Discu'mber. v. a. [dis and cumber.] 
 To disengaffc from any troublesome 
 weight ; to disengage from impediment. 
 
 His lindts dhcumher''d of the clinwin-j vest, 
 He binds the sacred cincture rounds liis breast. 
 
 Pope's Odi/sseit- 
 
 To Discu're. r. «. [dccouvrir, 1*V.] " To 
 discover; to reveal, A word perhaps 
 peculiar to Spenser. 
 
 I will, if please you it discure, assay 
 To ease \ou of that ill. Fairy Queen. 
 
 discursive:, adj. [discursif, Fr. from 
 discttrro, Lat.] 
 
 1. Moving here and there ; roving ; de- 
 sultory. 
 
 Some noises help sleep ; as the blowing of the 
 . wind, and the trickling of water : they move a 
 gentle attention ; and whatsoever raoveth atten- 
 tion, without too much labour, stilleth the natural 
 and discursive motion of the spirits. Bacon. 
 
 2. Proceeding by regular gradation from 
 premises to consequences ; argumenta- 
 tive. This is sometimes, perhaps not 
 improperly, written discoursive. 
 
 There is a sanctity of sou! and bod3', of more 
 elficacy for the receiviui: of divine truths, than 
 the greatest pretences to discursive demonstration. 
 Morc's Divine Dialogues. 
 There hath been much dispute touching the 
 knowledge of brutes, whether tltev have a kind of 
 discursive faculty, which some calTreason. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Discu'rsively. adv. [from discursive.] 
 By due gradation of argument. 
 
 We have a principle within, whereby we think, 
 and we ktiow we think : whereity we do discur- 
 sivelij, and by way of ratiocination, deduce one 
 thitig from another. Hale. 
 
 Discu'rsory. adj. [discursor, Lat.] Ar- 
 
 gumental ; rational. 
 DI'SCUS. n. s. [Lat.] A quoit ; a heavy 
 piece of iron thrown in the ancient 
 sports. 
 
 From Elatreus' strong arm tbeffi.Wf/s flies, 
 And sings with unmatch'd force along the skies. 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 To DISCUSS. V. a. [discutio, discttssum, 
 
 Lat] 
 I. To examine ; to ventilate ; to clear by 
 disquisition. 
 
 We are to discuss only those genera! exceptions 
 
 which have been taken. Hivkcr. 
 
 His usage was to commit the (/iicnj«i?iij of causes 
 
 privately to certain persons learned in t^ie laws. 
 
 Aytiffe's Parergon. 
 
 D I S 
 
 This knotty point should you aud I dtsciut. 
 Or tell a tale ? _ Pope. 
 
 2. To disperse: commonly applied to a 
 humour or swelling. 
 
 Many arts were used to diicita the beginningi 
 of new'atleelion. l\'otUm. 
 
 '•i. To break to pieces. 
 
 Consider the threefold effect of Jupiter's tri- 
 sulk, to burn, diicuss, and terebrate. 
 
 Broicn'9 Vulg. KrroH'i. 
 
 Discu's.SER. n.$. \tromdiicuss.] He that 
 
 discusses ; an examiner. 
 Disru'ssiON. n. s [from diseuiis.] 
 
 1. Disquisition; examination ; ventilal ion 
 of a question. 
 
 Truth caiuiot l>c found without some laboiif 
 and intention of the tnind. and ihelhouchls dwel- 
 ling a considerable time upon the survey and tiii- 
 cus.y'lon of each particular. South. 
 
 A'arious fliscnssions tear our heated brain : 
 Opinions often turn ; still doubts remain ; 
 Aiifl whoinrlidiies thought, increases pain. Prior. 
 
 2. [In surgery.] /J/*c«.s4-ion or resolution 
 is nothing else but breatning out the 
 humours by insensible tran.spiration. 
 
 Jf'iseman. 
 
 Dl.srus.sivE. adj. [from discuiis.] Hav- 
 ing the power to discuss or disperse any 
 noxious matter. 
 
 Discu'tient. n. s. [di.Kutiens, Lat.] A 
 medicine that has power to repel or 
 drive back the matter of tumours in the 
 blood. It sometimes means the same ss 
 carminative. Quiuct/. 
 
 The swellings arising from these require to he 
 treated, in their beginning, with moderate repel- 
 lents and discutients. M'ixman. 
 
 To DISDAIN. V. a. [deduigner, Fr.] To 
 scorn ; to consider as unworthy of one's 
 character. 
 
 'J'here is nothing so great, which Twill fearlod,> 
 for you ; nor notinng so small, which I will i/iv/.i;n 
 to do for you. Sidrutr 
 
 They do disdain us much beyond our thoughts. 
 Which makes me sweat with wrath. Shakesp. 
 
 \Vhat safe and nicely I might well delay 
 By rule of knighthood, I disdain and spurn. Shah. 
 
 Tell him, Cato 
 Disdains a life which he has power to offer. Addis. 
 
 Disdain, n. s. [sdegno, It.al.] Con- 
 tempt ; scorn ; contemptuous anger ; 
 indignation. 
 
 Children being haughty, through disdain and 
 want of nurture, do stam the nobility of their 
 kindred. Ecchts. 
 
 IJnt against you, ye Greeks, ye coward train, 
 Gods ! how my sotil is mov'd wiili just diSiiain .' 
 Pojte's Odysscv. 
 Disda'inful. adj. [disdain and ./«//.] 
 Contemptuous ; haughtily scornful ; 
 indignant. 
 
 There will come a lime when three words, ut- 
 tered w ith charity and meekness, shall receive afar 
 more blessed reward, than three thousajid volumes, 
 written with dis<iaintnl sharptiess of wit. Hi\^:€r. 
 
 The queen is obstinate. 
 Stubborn to iustice, apt t* accuse it. 
 Disdainful to he tried by 't. ShaWrp. 
 
 Seek through this grove ; 
 A sweet Athenian lady is in love 
 With a duvlainj'ul youth : anoint his eyes ; 
 But do it when the next thing he espies 
 Shall be the lady. Shc.ktfp. 
 
 But those 1 can accuse, I can forgive : 
 By my distlainfnl silence let them live. Drydrn. 
 The disdainful soul carae rushing through the 
 wound. llrydtn. 
 
 Disdainfully, adv. [from disdainf'ii/] 
 Contemptuously; witli haughty scorn; 
 with indignation. 
 
 535
 
 D I S 
 
 Eilher greet hiin not, 
 
 Or else dadamf'nUy, which shall shake him more. 
 
 •' iliakcs}). 
 
 It is not to insult and domineer, to look disduin- 
 
 fiMii, and revile imperiously, that procures eslccm 
 
 ■from anyone. f"}''- 
 
 Disdainfulness, n. s. [from disdain- 
 fii!.] Contempt ; contemptuousness ; 
 haughty scorn. 
 
 Can I forget, when they in prison placing her, 
 With swelling heart, in spite and clue disdainjalncsi, 
 She lav for dead, till I liclp'd wilh uiil.icing her. 
 •' Sidncil- 
 
 A proud disdainfulness of other men. Asclwm. 
 DISE.VSE. «. s. [dis and iiisc] Distem- 
 per ; itialady ; sickness ; morbid state. 
 
 What's the disease he means ? 
 — 'Tis calld the evil. ShaUesjt. Macbelh. 
 
 And Asa, in the thirty and ninth year of his 
 reign, was diseased in "his feet, and his disease 
 was exceeding great ; and in his disease he sought 
 not to the Lord, but to the physicians. Chron. 
 It is idle to propose remedies before we are 
 assured of the disease, or to be in pain till we are 
 convinced of the danger. „ t, , • 
 
 Swift's Project far the Advancement ofBebgwn. 
 Intemperance 
 It! meats and drinks, which in the earth shall bring 
 Diseases dire. Mdcoit. 
 
 Then wastet'ul forth 
 Walks tlie dire nov%'r of pestilent disease. 
 
 ThniDsmi's Summer. 
 
 To Disea'se. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 J . To afflict with disease ; to torment with 
 pain or sickness; to make morbid; to 
 
 infect. 
 
 We are all diseased, 
 And with our surfeiting and wanton hours 
 Have brought ourselves into a burning fever. 
 
 Shakeq>. 
 riatt'rers yet wear silk, drink wine, lie soft. 
 Hug their diseas'd perfumes, and have forgot 
 That ever Timon w'as. Shakesp. 
 
 Let her alone, lady : as slie is now, sue w ill but 
 disfuse our better mirth. Shakes]). 
 
 He was diseased in his feet. 1 kings. 
 
 A lazar-honse it seem'd, wlierein were laid 
 Numbers of all diseas'd, all maladies 
 Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture. Miltmi. 
 
 2. To put to pain ; to pain ; to make un- 
 easy. 
 
 Though great light be insufferable to our eyes, 
 yet the highest degree of darkuess does not at all 
 disease them. Lacke. 
 
 Disea'sedness. «. s. [from diseased.] 
 Sickness ; morbidness ; the state of 
 being diseased. 
 
 This is a restoration to some former state ; not 
 tliat state of indigency and diseasedncss. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Dise'dged. adj. [dis and edge.] Blunt- 
 ed ; obtunded ; didled. 
 
 I grieve myself 
 To think, when thou shalt be disedg'd by her 
 Whom now tliou tir'st on, how thy memory 
 Will then be pang'd by me. Sludiesp. Cymheline. 
 
 To Disemba'rk. v' a. [dis and embark.] 
 To carry to land. 
 
 I must unto the road, to disembark 
 Some necessaries. Shakesp. Tico Gent, of Verona. 
 
 To Disemba'rk. v. n. To land ; to go 
 
 on land. 
 
 There d'lsembarking on the green sea-side, 
 AVe land our cattle, and the spoil divide. 
 
 Pope's Odysseii. 
 
 To Disembi'tteR. v. a. [dis and embit- 
 ter.] To sweeten ; to free from bitter- 
 ness ; to clear from acrimony : an un- 
 usual word. 
 
 Encourage such innocent amusements as may 
 disenibitter the minds of men, and make them 
 mutually rejoice in the same agreeable satisfac- 
 tions. Addiion's Freeholder., 
 
 D I S 
 
 Disembo'died. adj. [dis and embodied.] 
 
 Divested of the body. 
 To Disembogue, v. a. [disemboucher, 
 
 old Fr. .S7u("«n<r.] To pour out at the 
 
 mouth of a river ; to vent. 
 
 Rivers 
 In ample oceans disemlmgn'd, or lost. Dri/d. Oeid. 
 
 Rolliiii: down, the steep Timavus raves. 
 And tlir(Higb"iiine channels disemlwgues his waves. 
 
 Addhwn. 
 
 To Disembo'gue. v. n. To gain a vent ; 
 
 to flow. 
 
 Jiy eminences placed up and down the globe, 
 the rivers make iiuiuiiierable turnings and wind- 
 inns, and at last disembogue in several mouths into 
 the sea. ,?'"",".■ 
 
 Disembo'welled. parlicipial adj. [nis 
 and embowel.] Taken from out the 
 
 bowels. 
 
 So her disemhowelVd web 
 Arachne in a hall or kitclicn spreads. 
 Obvious to vagrant tiles. ' hdips. 
 
 To Disembro'il. v. a. [debottillcr, Fr.] 
 To disentangle ; to free from perplexity ; 
 to reduce from confusion. 
 Then earlli from air, and seas from earth were 
 driv'n, 
 \nd grosser air sunk from etberial heav n ; 
 ■I'hus disembroii'd, they take their proper place. 
 
 Vrijden. 
 The system of his politicks is disembroiled, and 
 cleared of all those incoherences and inde|iendent 
 matters that are woven into this motley piece. 
 
 Add'ison's Whig Fxaminer. 
 To DiseNA'gle. v. a. [dis and enable.] 
 To deprive of power; to disable; to sink 
 into weakness ; to weaken. 
 
 Now age his overtaken me ; and want, a more 
 insuil'erable evil, lhroui;h the change of tlie tnnes, 
 has wholly disenabled me. Vryden 
 
 To Disench a'nt. r. a. [dis and enchant.] 
 To free from the force of an encliant- 
 ment; to dehver from the power of 
 charms or spells. 
 Alas ! let your own brain disenchant you. Sidney. 
 IHuse, stoop thy disenchanted wing to truth. 
 
 ])enham. 
 Haste to thy work ; a noble stroke or two 
 Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 To Disencu'mber. v. a. [dis and encum- 
 ber.] 
 
 1. To discharge from encumbrances ; to 
 free from clogs and impediments; to 
 dishurthen ; to exonerate. 
 
 It will need the actual intention, the particular 
 stress and application of Ihc whole soul, to disen- 
 cumlier and set it free, to scour otf its rust, and re- 
 move those hindrances which would otherwise clog 
 and check the freedom of its operations. . Sprutl. 
 
 The disencnml>cr'd ^oul 
 Flew off, and left behind the clouds and starry 
 pole. Dryden. 
 
 Dreams look like the amusements of ihe soul, 
 when she is discncuynber'd of her maehinc ; her 
 sports and recreations, when she has laid her 
 charge asleep. Spcctatm: 
 
 2. To free from obstruction of any kind. 
 
 Dim inglithad(;;«')iciim6''r'rf hcav'n. Milton. 
 
 The church of St. Justina, designed by Palladio, 
 is the most handsome, luminous, disencumbered 
 building in the inside, that I have ever seen. 
 
 Addi-ion PH Italy. 
 
 Disencu'mbrance. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 Freedom from encmnbrance and ob- 
 struction. 
 
 There are many who make a figure below what 
 their fortune or merit entitles them to, out of mere 
 choice, and anelegantdesireof easeand disencnm- 
 brance. Spectator. 
 
 To Disenga'ge. t». a. [dis and engage.] 
 
 D I S 
 
 1. To separate from any thing with which 
 
 it is in union. 
 
 Some others, being very light, would float up 
 and down a goid while, before they could wholly 
 disengage themselves and descend. Gurnet's Theory. 
 
 2. To disentangle; to clear from impedi- 
 ments or difficulties. 
 
 From civil broils he did us disengage ; 
 Found nobler objects for our martial rage. Wullf. 
 
 In the ne.vt paragraph, I found my author pretty 
 well disengaged from quotations. Altcrtmry. 
 
 3. To witlidraw, applied to the affection ; 
 to wean ; to abstract the mind. 
 
 It is requisite that we should acquaint ourselves 
 with God, that we should frequently disengage 
 our hearts from earthly pursuits. Atlerbury. 
 
 The consideration "that should disengage our 
 fondness from worldly things, is, that they are 
 uncertain in their foundation ; fading, transient, 
 and corruptible in their nature. Rogers. 
 
 4. To Iree from any powerful detention. 
 When our mind's eyes are discngag'd and free. 
 
 They clearer, farther, and distinctly see. Denham. 
 
 5. To release from an obligation. 
 To Disenga'ge. i'. n. 'Jo set one's self 
 
 free from ; to withdraw one's affections 
 
 from.' 
 
 Providence gives us notice, by sensible declen- 
 sions, that we may disengage from the world by 
 deorees. Colher on Thought. 
 
 Dlsengaged. participial adj. [from 
 disens^age ] 
 
 1. Disjiiined ; disentangled. 
 
 2. Vacant ; at leisure ; not fiNed down to 
 any particular object of attention. 
 
 3. Released from obligation. 
 Disenga'gedness. n. *. [from rfiww- 
 
 o-nn-c] The quality of being disengag- 
 ed; vacuity of attention ; freedom from 
 any pressing business ; disiiinclion. 
 Disengagement, n. s. [from disengage.] 
 
 1. Release from any engagement, or obli- 
 gation. 
 
 2. Freedom of attention ; vacancy. 
 To Disentangle, d. a. [dis and en- 
 tangle.] 
 
 1. To unfold or loose the parts of any thmg 
 interwoven wilh one another. 
 
 TlioiKdi in concretions particles so entangle one 
 anotlierfthat they cannot in a short time clear 
 themselves, yet they do incessantly strive torfisfu- 
 ianglc themselves, and get away. Boyle. 
 
 2. 'J'o set free from impediments ; to dis- 
 embroil ; to cleai- from perplexity or 
 
 difficulty. 
 
 Till they could find some expedient to explicate 
 and disentangle themselves out uf tins labyrinth, 
 they made no advance towards supplying their 
 arinies. . Clarendon. 
 
 The welfare of their souls requires a better judg- 
 ment than their own, either to guide them m their 
 duty, or to disentangle them from a temptation. 
 •' South. 
 
 .3. To disengage ; to separate. 
 
 Neither can God himself be otherwise under- 
 stood by us than as a mind free and disentangled 
 from all corporeal mixtures. Stdlmgfleet. 
 
 To Disente'rre. v. a. [dis and enlerrer, 
 Fr.] To uiibury ; to take out of the 
 
 grave. 
 
 Though the blindness of some fanaticks have 
 savawd on the bodies of the dead, and have been 
 so iiiiurious unto worms as to disenterre the bodies 
 of the deceased, yet had they therein no design 
 upon the soul. Brown s Vulg. Epourt 
 
 To Disenthra'l. v. a. [dis and enthral.] 
 To set free; to restore to liberty; to 
 rescue from slavery.
 
 D I S 
 
 But God my 5(«\1 sliull ilhenthral; 
 For I upon liib name will cull. Sandtis. 
 
 If religion were false, bad nietl would set the 
 titmost force of their reason on work to discover 
 tliat falsity, and therehv riiscRlhnd themselves. 
 
 ■' " South. 
 
 To Disenthro'ne. v. a. [dis and en- 
 throne.] To depose from sovereignty ; 
 to dethrone. 
 
 Either to ilisentliroiic thcKing of lieav'n 
 We war, if war he best ; or to regain 
 Our own right lost. Milton. 
 
 To DlSENTRANCK. r.a. [di.1 and e7i- 
 tram-e.] To awaken from a trance, or 
 deep sleep. 
 
 Ralpho, by this lime iliscnlratw'd, 
 Upon his bum hijuself advanc'd. Hiidibras. 
 To DlSE.SPo'usE. r.a. [dis a.nd espouse.] 
 To separate after faith pliglited. 
 
 Such was the rage 
 OfTurnus, for Lavinia d;sc.s;)("i.s'd. Milton. 
 
 Diseste'em. 71. s. [from dis and esteem.] 
 Slight regard ; a disregard more mode- 
 rate than contempt. 
 
 When aiiv one, by miscarriage, falls into dises- 
 teem,he will fall uade'rneglcctand contempt. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 To Diseste'em. v. «. [from the noun.] 
 To regard slightly ; to consider with a 
 slight degree of contempt. 
 
 Shovdd ■Mars see't. 
 That horrid harrier of nicn.orshe that belters him, 
 jMincrva, never st> incens'd, they could not r/tses- 
 tetni. Chapuiun. 
 
 But if ihis sacred gift yon diteiteem. 
 Then cruel plagues Sialf fall on Priam's state. 
 
 Daiham. 
 
 I would not be thought to dtsei>teem or dissuade 
 
 the stntiy of nature. Locke. 
 
 Disestima'tion. n.s. [dis and cvsfima- 
 
 /i'o, Lat.] Disrespect; disesteem. 
 Disfa'vour. n.s. [di.'^ awA fucour.] 
 
 1. Discmmtcnanee ; unpr(ipitious regard ; 
 unfavourable aspect ; unfavourable cir- 
 cumstance. 
 
 2. A state of ungraciousness or unaccept- 
 ableness ; a state in which one is not fa- 
 voured. 
 
 While free from sacrilege, he was at peace, as it 
 were, with God and man ; but after liis sacrilege 
 he was in disfuvour wish both. Spelman. 
 
 3. Want of beauty. Diet. 
 To Disfa'vour. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 To discountenance; to withholdor with- 
 draw kindness. 
 
 Might not those of higlier rank, and nearer ac- 
 cess ti> her m.ajesty, receive her own commands, 
 and be countenancwd or disfavoured according as 
 they obey ? Swijt. 
 
 Disfa'vourer. n.s. [from disfavour.] 
 Discountenancer ; not a favourer. 
 
 It was verily thouglit, that had it not been for 
 four great di/ftivoureys of that voyage, the enter- 
 prize had succeeded. Bacon. 
 
 Disfigura'tion. «. s. [from disfigure.] 
 
 1. The act of disfiguring. 
 
 2. The slate of being disiiK;ured. 
 
 3. Deformity. 
 
 To Disfi'gure. v. a. [dis ar\A figure.] 
 To change any thing to a worse form ; 
 to deform ; to mangle. 
 
 You are but as a form in wax 
 By him imprinted, and within his power 
 To leave the figure, or disfigure it. Shakesp. 
 
 In this die antique and well-noted face 
 Of (ilain old form is much diyigured. Shakesp. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I) I S 
 
 Abject is their punishment, 
 Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own. 
 Or, if his likeness, by themselves dcfac'd. Milton. 
 
 Uriel, on the Assyrian mount, 
 Saw him diifigurd mure than could befal 
 Spirit of happy sort. Milton. 
 
 A nose flatter, or a mouth wider, could have 
 consisted, as well as the rest of his figure, with 
 such a soul and such parts as made him, disfigured 
 as he was, capable to be a dignitary in the church. 
 
 Locke. 
 Nor would his slanghfcr'd army now have lain 
 On Africk's sands, disfigur'd with llieir wounds, 
 To gorge the wolves and vultures of Numidia. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 His long absence, and travels which had disfi- 
 gured him, made lilui altogether unknown. 
 
 Broome on Epic Poetry. 
 
 Disfi'gurement. w. s. [h-omdi'figure.] 
 Defacement of I)eauty ; change of a bet- 
 ter form to a worse. 
 
 The disfigurement that travel or sickness has be- 
 stowed upon him, is not thouglit great by the lady 
 of the isle. Suckling. 
 
 And they, so perfect is their misery, 
 Not once perceive their foul disfigurement. 
 
 Milton's Comns. 
 
 To Disfo'rest. v. a. [disandforest.] To 
 reduce land from the privileges of a 
 forest to the state of common land. 
 
 To Disfra'nchise. v. a. [dis and fran- 
 chise.] To deprive of privileges or im- 
 munities. 
 
 Disfra'nchisement. n. s. [from dis- 
 frnnehise.] The act of depriving of 
 privileges. Diet. 
 
 To Disfu'rnish. v. a. [dis a.\\d furnish.] 
 To deprive; to unfurnish ; to strip. 
 
 Mv riciies are these poor habiliments. 
 Of w'hicti if you should here disfnrnish me. 
 You take the sum and substance tllat I have. Shak. 
 He durst not disfnruish that country either of so 
 great a commander, or of tiie \vonted garrisons. 
 
 Knolles's History. 
 
 To Disga'rnish. v. a. [dis and gai-nisk.] 
 
 1. To stri)) of ornaments. Diet. 
 
 2. To take guns from a fortress. 
 
 To Disglo'rify. v. a. [dis and gforifi/.] 
 To deprive of glory ; to treat with in- 
 dignity. 
 
 So Dagon shall be magnified, and God, 
 Besides wlunn is no god, coiupar'd with idols, 
 Disghyrified, blasphem'd, anil liad in scorn. Milt. 
 
 To Disgo'rge. v. a. [degorger, Fr. from 
 
 gorge the throat.] 
 1."To discharge by the moutli ; to spew 
 
 out; to vomit. 
 
 So, so, thou common dog, didst thou disgorge 
 Thy glutton bosom of the royal Richard ? 
 And now thou wouldsteat thy dead vomit up. 
 
 Shiikcsp. 
 From tlie distant shore they loudly laught. 
 To see his heaving breast disgorge the briny 
 draught. Dryden. 
 
 2. To pour out with violence. 
 
 All tir embossed sores and headed evils. 
 That lliou with licence of free foot hast caught, 
 Wouldst thou disgorge into the general world ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The deep-drawing barks do there disgorge 
 Their warlike fraiigblagc. Shakesp. 
 
 They move along the banks 
 Of four infernal rivers, th:\t. disgorge 
 Into the hiirning lake llieir baleful streams. Milt. 
 Countries iiuich annoyed with earthquakes have 
 volcanoes; and these are constantly all in limiics, 
 w believer any earthquake happens ; tliev disgorg- 
 ing that fire which was the cause of the disaster. 
 
 Dcrham. 
 
 Disgra'ce. n.s. [disgrace. Ft.] 
 
 1) 1 S 
 
 1. State of being out of favour. 
 
 2. Stiite of ignominy ; dishonour; 8tate of 
 shame. 
 
 Like a dull actor, now 
 I have forgot my part, and I am out 
 Kveii to a full disgrace. Shakesp, 
 
 Poetry, howsoever censured, is not fallen from 
 the higliest stage of honour to tlie lowest stair uf 
 disgrace. Veachum. 
 
 :i. Act of unkindness. Obsolete. 
 
 To such bondage lie w-as for so many courses 
 tied by her, whose di5^uc« to him were craced 
 b\ her excellence. Sidney. 
 
 4. Cause of shame. 
 
 And is it i.ot a foul d'lsgrace. 
 To lose the boltsnrit of thy face ? Baynard. 
 
 And he whose atmience disdain'd aplace, 
 Urili'd by a title, makes it a disgrace. liroum. 
 
 To Disgra'cf.. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To bring a reproach upon; to disho- 
 nour, as an agent. 
 
 \\ c may not so in any one special kind admire 
 her, that we disgrace her in any other ; but let all 
 her ways be according unto their place aud degree 
 adored. Hooker. 
 
 IMen's passions will carry them far in luisrcprtr- 
 senting an opinion which tliey have a mind to dit- 
 grace. Burnet. 
 
 2. To bring to shame, as a cause ; as, his 
 ignorance disgraced him. 
 
 3. 'J'o put out of favour: as, the minister 
 teas ilisgraced. 
 
 Disgra'cefll. adj. [disgrace and full.] 
 Shameful ; ignominious ; reproachful ; 
 procuring shame. 
 
 Masters must correct their servants with gen- 
 tleiiess, prudeice,and mercy ; not with upbraiding 
 and disgraceful language, but with sncli only as 
 may express and reprove the fault, and amend the 
 jierson. Taylor's Kuie of Living }hii^. 
 
 'i'o retire behind their chariots, was as little dis- 
 graceful then, as it is now to alight from one's 
 horse in a batllc. Pirpe. 
 
 Disgra'ce FULLY, adv. [from di.sgrace- 
 fuL] In disgrace; with indignity ; ig- 
 nominiously. 
 
 1 he senate have cast you forth 
 THsgrucefnlbi, to be the common tale 
 Of I he whule city. Ben .lonson's Cataline, 
 
 Disgra'cefulness. n.s. [{rom disgrace- 
 ful.] Ignominy. 
 Disgka'cer. U.S. [li-om disgrace.] One 
 that exposes to shame ; one that causes 
 ignomin3'. 
 
 1 have given good advice to those iufamous 
 disgracers of the sex and calling. Swiji. 
 
 Disgra'cious. adj. [dis -And gracious.] 
 
 Unpleasing. 
 
 I do suspect 1 have done some offence. 
 That seems disgracious in the city's eye. Shakap. 
 
 To Disgui'se. r. a. [diguiscr, Fr. dis 
 and guise.] 
 
 1 . To conceal by an unusual dress. 
 
 How might we disguise him ? 
 ^— .'Vlas ! I know not ; there is nu woman's gown 
 big enough for him. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Witts rf Windsor. 
 D'lsguis'd he came ; but those his cliildreii dear 
 Their parent soon dis^em'd through his dispiise. 
 
 2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance ; 
 to clonk by a false sliew : as, he Uisguincd 
 his anger. 
 
 3. To disfigure ; to change the form. 
 
 Tliev saw the faces, which too well tliej ktiew, 
 Tliougii then disguis'd m death, and sraesr "d all 
 
 o'er 
 With filth obscene, and dropping putrid gore. 
 
 ]/rurien's .l^neii 
 
 3 Z 
 
 53?
 
 D I S 
 
 More dutetius at her call, 
 Than at Circeaii cali llie litrci dit^guis'd. l^HUon. 
 
 Ul_) sses Wilkes, Tu.t knowing tlit- place where he 
 was; because Minerva made all things appear in 
 a disguised vitw. Pope. 
 
 4. To tleform by liquor: a low lerm. 
 
 I have just k-ft the ritiht wurshipi'ui, and his 
 ra_yrniiiluns, abmu a sneaKer of tive gallons: trie 
 wliule magistracy was pretty well disguised before 
 I gave them the slip. Spectator. 
 
 Disguise. 71. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A dress contrived to conceal the person 
 that wears it. 
 
 They generally act In a disguise tiiemselves, 
 and therefore mistake all outward show and ap- 
 pearances for hypocrisy in otlicrs. Addison. 
 
 Since I in Arcite cannot Arcite find, 
 The wtrld may search in vain with all their eyes.. 
 But never penetrate through this dif>>^nise. 
 
 lJrtjdt'n\ Fables. 
 
 2. A false appearance ; counterteit show. 
 
 Hence guilty joys, distastes, surmise:*, 
 False oaths, false tears, deceits, disguises. Pope. 
 
 3. Disorder by drink. 
 
 We see we've burnt our cheeks; and mine own 
 tongue 
 Splits »vhat it speaks : the wilddf^^Hwe hath almost 
 Antickt us. Shakexp. Anlonyund Cleopatra. 
 
 DiSGUi'SEMENT. 7^. A. [from disguise.] 
 Dress of concealment. 
 
 Under that disgnisemcnt I should find opportu- 
 nity to reveal ra^'self to tlie owner of my lieart. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The marquis tliought best to dismask his heard, 
 and told him, that he was going covertly to take 
 a secret view of the forwardness of his majesty's 
 lleet: this did somewhat handsomely Ileal the dis- 
 guisement. Wotton. 
 
 DiSGUi'sER. ?i.s. [from disguise.] 
 
 1. One that puts on a disguise, 
 
 I hope he is grown more disengaged from his in- 
 tentncss on his own atiairs, which is fpiile the re- 
 verse to you, unless you are a very dextrous dis~ 
 guiser. Swift. 
 
 2. One that conceals another by a disguise; 
 one that disfigures. 
 
 Death 's a great iHsguiser. Shakesp. 
 
 DISGUST. 71 s. [degvut, Fr.] 
 
 1. Aversion of the palate from any thing. 
 
 2. Ill humour; malevolence; oiFence con- 
 ceived. 
 
 The manner of doing is of more coiwequonce 
 than Ihc thing done, and upon that depenas tt.e 
 satisfaction or disgust wherewith it is received. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Tlience dark rft«o-ii5t and hatred, winding wiles, 
 Coward deceit, and ruffian violence. Thomson. 
 
 To DiSGu'sT. V, a. [degoutcr, Fr. degus- 
 to, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To raise aversion in the stomach ; to 
 
 distaste. 
 
 2. To strike with dislike; to offend. It is 
 variously constructed with at or tvith. 
 
 If a mau were di^gusttd at marriage, he wuuld 
 never reconnneiid ii to his tViend. Atterburtf. 
 
 llutse nneularged souls are disgusted iciik the 
 wonders which the microscope has discovered. 
 
 )Vatts. 
 
 3. To produce aversion : with /row. 
 
 What disgusts me from Iiaving to do witli an- 
 swer-jobbers, is, that they have no conscience. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 DiSGU'STFUL. adj. [disgust and /«//.] 
 Natiseous ; that which causes aversion. 
 
 I have finished the must (ii\'i^ws(/«/ task that ever 
 I undertook. Su'ift. 
 
 DISH. n,s. [dij'c. Sax. di/sc, Erse; dis- 
 cus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A broad wide vessel, in which food is 
 served up at the table. 
 
 u I s 
 
 Of tliesc lie murders one ; he boils tlie flesh. 
 And lays the mangled mursels in a dish. Dryden. 
 
 I saw among the ruins an (»lil hi-atlien allar, 
 wiih this piirtieularly in it, that it is hollowed like 
 a dish at one end ; but it was not this end on 
 wliich llic sacrifice was laid. Addison. 
 
 2. A deep hollow vessel for liquid food. 
 
 Who WDuld rob a hei mit of his weeds. 
 His few books, or bis beads, or maple dish; 
 Or do his grey haire any violence ? Milton. 
 
 A ladle for our silver dish 
 
 Is what 1 want, is what I wish. Prior. 
 
 3. The meat served in a dish; any parti- 
 cular kind of tbod. 
 
 1 lia\'e lu're a dish of doves, that I would bestow 
 upon your wtn'ship. Shakesi). Merch. ot Venice. 
 
 Let's kill him b<jldly, but not wratiifully ; 
 Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, 
 Not hew him as a carcass fit for bounds. 
 
 Shaktsp. Julius Cdrsar. 
 
 The contract you pretend with that base wretch, 
 One bred of alms and fuster'd with cold d'lshcs. 
 With scraps o' th' court j it is no contract, none. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 'Tis not the meat, hut 'tis the appetite. 
 Makes eating a deliglit ; 
 And if I like om^ disk 
 More iban another, that a plicasant is Suckling. 
 
 The eartli would have been deprived of a most 
 excellent and wholesome fare, and very many de- 
 lici(ms dishes that we have the use and benefit of. 
 
 Wooduard. 
 
 Many people would, with reason, prefer the 
 
 griping of an Imngry belly, to those diJies which 
 
 are a feast to others. Locke. 
 
 4. A kind of measure among the tinners. 
 
 The3- measure bluck-tin by the dish, which con- 
 taineih a gallon. Cm-cil\ 
 
 To Dish. v. a. [from the noun.] To serve 
 in a dish; to send up to table. 
 
 Fur conspiracy, 
 I know not how it tastes, though it be dish'd 
 For me to try. Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 
 DiSH-CLOUT. W.5. [disk and clotit.] The 
 cloth with which the maids rub their 
 dishes. 
 
 A dish-clout of Jaquenetta'she wears next his 
 heart for a favour. Shakes]}. Love's Labour Lost. 
 
 Send them up to their masters with a dish-clout 
 pinned at their tails. Su-'ft's Directions to the Cook. 
 
 Dish-washer. 71, s. [dish and washa-.] 
 The name of a bird : tnergus. 
 
 DISHABILLE, adj. [deshabille, Fr.] Un- 
 dressed ; loosely or negligently dressed. 
 Queens are not to be too negligcn.ly dressed or 
 dishabille. Drydens Difresnoy. 
 
 Dishabille, n. s. Undress; loose dress. 
 
 A wonuin, wlio wtmid preserve a lover's resf ect 
 to her persnu, will be careful of her appearance 
 bef.ne iiiiu when in dishabille. Cturiisa. I 
 
 To Disha'bit. v. a. [This word I have| 
 foimd only in Shakespeare.] To throw 
 out of place ; to drive from their habi- 
 tation. 
 
 But for our approach those sleeping stones 
 By the compulaiun of their ordinance, 
 Vyy this time from their fixed beds of lime 
 Had been dish ubited, and wide havuck made. 
 
 Sliakesp. Kiug Lear. 
 
 Disha'rmony. 71. s. [dis and harmony,] 
 
 Contr.iriety to harmony. 
 To Dishea'rten. v. a, [dis and hearten.] 
 To discourage; to deject; to terrify; to 
 dejiress. 
 
 To dishearten with feaifid sentences, as though 
 salvation could hardly be hoped for, is not so con- 
 sonant wiih Clirisltan charity. hooker. 
 
 Be not disheartened then, nor cloud those looks 
 That wont i)e more cliearfid and sprene. Milton. 
 
 Vel iieilher liuis dishearten d nor dismay'd, 
 The time prepar'd i waited. Milton. 
 
 D I S 
 
 It is a consideration that mifihl dishearten tliose 
 who are i-njiaged against the cunniioTi adversaries, 
 that tliey |)n.niise themselves as inueli from tho 
 foll^ of enemies, as from the power uftlieir friends. 
 
 Slillinf^Hect. 
 
 Men cainiot say, that tlie greatness of an evil 
 and danger is an encouragement to men to run 
 U|ion it ; and that tlie greatness of any good and 
 hapiiiiiess oiijjht in reason to dishearieii men from 
 the inirsuit ol it. TiUotS'in. 
 
 A true christian fervour is more than the alli- 
 ances of our potent friends, or even the fears of 
 our dhhcarlencd enemies. AUerbury. 
 
 Dlshe'rison. n.s. [dis and herison.] 
 The act of debarring from inheritance. 
 
 To Dishe'rit. v. a. [dis and inherit.] 
 To cut off from hereditary sucoesssioji ; 
 to debar from an inlicritance. 
 
 lie tries to restore to their rightful heritage such 
 good old English words as have been long time 
 out (*f use, almost dhhcrital. Sptnser, 
 
 Nor hcnv the Dryads and the woodland train, 
 Dislieritid, ran howling o'er the plain. Vnid. r<ib. 
 
 To Dishe'vel. v. a. [decheveler, Fr ] To 
 spread tlie hair disorderly ; to throw the 
 hair of a woman negligently about iter 
 head. It is not often used but in the 
 passive particle. 
 
 A gentle lady all alone, 
 With garments rent and hair dUlievelled, 
 Wringing her hands, and making piteous moan 
 
 Spenser. 
 After followed great numbers of women weep- 
 ing, with dishevelled hair, scratching their faces, 
 and tearing themselves, after the manner of the 
 country. Knolles. 
 
 A troop of Trojans ini.x'd with these appear. 
 And mourning matrons wiili disheicU'd hnir, 
 
 Iht/den's .Ineid. 
 The flames, involv'd in smoke 
 Of incense, fnmi the sacred altar broke, 
 Caught lier dishei'eird hair and rich attire. 
 
 Viydens JEneid. 
 You this morn beheld his ardent eyes. 
 Saw his arm lock'd in her dishevelCd hair. Smith. 
 
 Dl'SHlNG. adj. [from <•/;>/;.] Concave; 
 a cant term among artificers. 
 
 For the form of the wheels, some make them 
 more dishing, as they call it, than others ; that is, 
 more concave, by setting oli"the spokes and fellies 
 more outwards. Moi'timer. 
 
 Dishonest, adj. [dis and honest.] 
 1 . Void of probity ; void of faith ; faithless ; 
 wicked ; fraudulent. 
 
 Justice then was neither blind to discern, nor 
 lame to e.veciUe. It was not subject to be im- 
 posed upon by a deluded fancy, nur yet to be 
 bribed by a gloziiig ajjpetite, for an utile or jucun- 
 dum to turn the balance to afalse or dishonest sen- 
 tence. South. 
 
 He lays it down as a principle, that right and 
 wrong, honest and dishonest, are defined only bj 
 laws, and not by nature. Locke. 
 
 2. Unchaste; lewd 
 Tu-inorrow will we he married. — I do desire it 
 
 wiih all my heart ; and I hope it \s no dishonest de- 
 sire, to desire to be a woman of the world. 
 
 Shakesp. Asyou like it. 
 
 3. Disgraced; dishonoured. 
 Dishonest with lojip'd arms the youth appears, 
 
 Spoil'd of his nose, and siiorten'd of his ears. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious. These two 
 senses are scarcely English, being bor- 
 rowed from the Latin idiom. 
 
 She saw her sons w'ith [,urple death expire. 
 Her sacred domes involv'd in rolling fire; 
 A dreadful series of intestine wars, 
 Inglorious triuiiijjhs, and dishonest scars. Pope. 
 
 Disho'nestly. adv. [from dishonest.] 
 
 53«
 
 D I S 
 
 1. Without faith ; without probity ; faith- 
 lessly; wickedly. 
 
 I pnili-st ln-' luici the clini" of nie,_ 
 Tlio' most rfi>/ioiifs(/i/ lio 'loth (Icnv it. Shukcsp. 
 
 2. Lewdly ; wantonly ; unchastely. 
 
 A wise daughter ih;in briiii; an iiihuril.-iiice to 
 her liuslinnil ; but she that liveth <lis!uviesll}i is her 
 father's lieavin°ss. i'cc. xxii. 4. 
 
 Disho'nesty. n.s. [from dis/ionest.] 
 
 1. Want of probity ; faithlessness ; violation 
 
 of trust. 
 
 Tiieir fortune ilepencis upnii their credit, and a 
 stain of open public Jiihoncsty must be to their 
 disadvantage. Sivi/'t. 
 
 2. Unchastity; incontinence; lewdness. 
 
 Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the moilest wife, 
 the virtuous creature, that h3tl\ the jealous fool to 
 lier husband! I suspect without cause, mistress, 
 do I ? — Heaven be my witness you do, if yon sus- 
 pect me ill any dishonesty. Shahap. 
 
 Dishonour, n. s. [dis and Jionflur.] 
 
 1. Reproach; disjjrace; ignominy. 
 
 Let not my jealousies be your dishonour.'!. 
 But mine own' safeties. ShakeSii.Macbelh. 
 
 He was pleased to own Lazarus even in the dis- 
 honours of tlie grave, and vouchsafed him, in tliat 
 despicable condition, the nhirious title of his 
 friend. Boiite's SeraphicI: Love. 
 
 Take him for your husband and your lord ; 
 'Tis no dishonour to confer your grace 
 On one dfscendetl from a royal race. Dryd. Fables. 
 
 2. Reproach uttered ; censure ; report of 
 infamy. 
 
 So good, that no tonsuc could ever 
 Pronounce dishonour of her ; by my life 
 She never knew harm doing. S'ladesp. Hen. A'lH. 
 
 To Disho'nour. v. a. [dis and fio7icvr.] 
 1. To disgrace ; to bring shame upon ; to 
 blast with infamy. 
 
 It is no vicious blot, murlher, or foulness. 
 No unchaste actiiui, or dishonour d step. 
 That liatli dcpriv'd me of your grace and favour. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 7'his no more dishonours you at all. 
 Than to take in a town with gentle words, 
 Which else would put you to your f jrtune. 
 
 Sliakesp. Coriolanus. 
 A woman that honourelh her husband, shall he 
 judged wise of all: but she that aJ.</'('/iimiT(/i him 
 in her pride, shall be counted ungo<!ly of all. 
 
 Lccl. xxvi. 26. 
 
 We are not so much to strain ourselves to make 
 
 those virtues appear in us which really we have 
 
 not. as to avoid those imperfections which may 
 
 dishonour us. Dryden's DuJ'resiioy. 
 
 ?. To violate chastity. 
 
 3. To treat with indignity. 
 
 Onegliiunse ofj^lory to my issue give, 
 Grac'd for tlie little time he lias to live : 
 Dishonour'd by the king of men he stands ; 
 His rightful prize is ravish'd from his hands. 
 
 JJrydtns Iliad. 
 
 Disho'nour ABLE. adj. [from dishonour.] 
 
 1. Shameful ; reproacliful ; ignominious. 
 
 He did disho7wm\thte find 
 Those articles which did our state decrease. Van. 
 
 2. Being in a state of neglect or disesteem. 
 
 He that is honoured in poverty, how much 
 more in riches.' and he that is dishonourable in 
 riches, how much more in poverty.' Hcclus. x. o1. 
 Disho'nouuer. n s. [from dis/ionnnr.] 
 
 1. One that treats another with indignity. 
 
 Preaeliihg how meritorious with tiie gods 
 It would be, to ensnare an irreligious 
 Dishouoiirir of Dagoii. Miiton. 
 
 2. A violater of chastity. 
 
 To Dishorn. D. a. [dis and horn.] To 
 strip of horns. 
 
 We'll dishorn the spirit. 
 And mock him liuiue to Windsor. Shahesp. 
 
 I) I s 
 
 Di.SHu'MOUR. 7i,s. [fiis ami humovr,] 
 Peevishness; ill humour; uneasy state 
 of mind. 
 
 Sj'-cnking impaljently !o servants, or any (lung 
 tliat helrays iiialtentioii or diahumour, nrc also cri- 
 minal. Spectator. 
 DisiMPRo'VEMRNT. n. s. [flix and im- 
 provement.] Reduction from a better 
 to a worse state ; tlie contrary to melio- 
 ration ; the contrary to improvement. 
 
 The final issue of ihe matter would be, an ultor 
 nctilect and disimjmwemcnt of the earth. A'<>rrw. 
 
 I cannot see Ihv. this kingdom h at any height 
 of improveincnl, while four parts in five of the 
 plantations, for thirty years past, have been real 
 duimpvovemcnts. Swift. 
 
 To Disinca'rcerate. v. a. [dis and in- 
 carcerate.] To set at liberty; to free 
 from prison. 
 
 The arsenical bodies being now coagulated, and 
 kindled intr) fiamiiig atoms, require dry and warm 
 air, to open the earth for to disincarcerate tl e same 
 vcncne bodies. Harveu- 
 
 Disinclina'tion. w. s. [£rom di^fnciine.] 
 AVant of affection; slight: dislike; ill 
 ■will not heightened to aversion. 
 
 Disappointment gave him a disinclinution to the 
 fair sex, for whom he dues not express all the re- 
 spect possible. Arbuthnnt and }\'pe. 
 To Disincli'ne. v. a. [dis and incline.] 
 To produce dislike to ; to make disaf- 
 fected ; to alienate affection from. 
 
 Ihey were careful to keep up the fear? and ap- 
 prehensions ill the peo]>!e of dangers and desigts, 
 and to disincline tliem from any reverence or alTcc- 
 tifjii to the queen, whom they begun every day 
 ni(»re implacably to hate, and consequently to 
 disoblige. Clarendon. 
 
 DisiNGENu'lTY. n, s. [from disini>enu- 
 
 ous.] Meanness of artifice; unfuirness. 
 
 They contract a habit «f ill-natiire and dtsingc- 
 
 7iuity necessary to their atVairs, and the temper <>( 
 
 tliose upon wlioni they are to work. Clarendon. 
 
 Disingenuous, adj. [dis and ingenu- 
 ous ] Unfair; meanly art fit 1 ; vitiously 
 subtle; sly; cunning; illiberal; unbe- 
 coming a gentleman ; crafty, 
 
 'Tis disingenuous to accuse our age 
 Of idleness, who all our pow'rs engage 
 In the same studies, the same course to hold. 
 Nor think our reason for new arts too old. 
 
 Dcnhiim. 
 
 It was a dislnf^eivtojis way of ]irocceding, to oji- 
 pose a judgment of charily concerning their 
 church, to a judgment of reason concerning the 
 nature of actions. Stillingficet. 
 
 There cannot be any thing .so disiiigcnucyus and 
 niishccoming any rational crejitare, as not to yield 
 to plain reason, and the conviction of clear argu- 
 ments. Locke. 
 
 Disinge'nuously. adv. [from disinge- 
 nuous.] In a disingenuous manner. 
 Disinge'nuousness. [from disingenu- 
 ous.] Mean subtil ty ; unfairness; low 
 craft. 
 
 I might press them with tlie unreasonableness, 
 the disingcnuousne.'is of embracing a )>rofessinn to 
 which their <jwii hearts have aninward reluctance. 
 GovcrnmeHt nf the Tongue. 
 Disinhe'RISON. 71. s. [dis and' in/t(rit.] 
 1. The act of cutting off from any heredi- 
 tary succession ; the act of disinheriting. 
 If he stood iijion his own title i»f the house of 
 Lancaster, inherent in his person, he knew it was 
 a title condemned by parliament, and geneially 
 prejudged in the conunun opinion of the realm, 
 liiat it tended directly to the disinho'ison of the 
 line of Vcrk. Tincon's Hcnrn VII. 
 
 The chief minister of the revenue was obliged to 
 prevent, and even oppoie, such disinherison. 
 
 CLrrendoiu 
 
 D I S 
 
 2. The state of being cut off from an he- 
 reditary right. 
 
 In respect of the effects and evil con»eniiences, 
 the adultery of ihc woman Is worse, as bringing 
 bastardy into a family, and disinherisons or great 
 inju'ies to the lawful children. Taylor. 
 
 To DlsiNHE'RlT. r. a. [di.f and in/uril.] 
 To cut off from an hereditary right ; to 
 deprive of an inheritance. 
 
 Is it then just with us to disinherit 
 The unborn nephews fur the father's fault ! Daties. 
 
 Unniutlle, ye faint stars ; and thou, fair nioun, 
 Stoop thy pale visage through an amber cloud, 
 And disiytherit chaos that reigns here 
 In double night of darkness, and of slander. MiU. 
 
 Posterity stands curs'd ! fair patrimony. 
 That I must leave ye, sons! O were 1 able 
 To waste it all myself, and leave ye noue j 
 So disinherited, how would ye bless 
 iVIe. now yoiw curse! Mill&n. 
 
 Of how fair a portion Adam dtginheriied hit 
 whole posterity by one single prevarication ! 
 
 South. 
 To Disinte'r. v.a. [from dis and inter.] 
 To unbtiry ; to take as out of the prave. 
 
 The philosopher, the saint, or the hero, the wise, 
 the g(K)d, or the great man, very often lie hid and 
 concealed in a plebeian, which a proper cduratioi 
 might have disinterred. Addison. 
 
 Disi'n TF.RF.SSED. adj. [dis and interrste, 
 Fr. It is written disinlerested by those 
 wlio derive it immediately from interest, 
 and 1 tiiink more properly.] Witliout 
 regard to private advantage ; not biassed 
 by particular views; impartial. 
 
 Nut that tradition's parts are u^eless hero, 
 ^Vhell general, old, disinteress'd, and clear. Dryd, 
 
 Disi'ntere.ss.ment. n. s. [rf/jand intcr- 
 essemenl, Fr.] Disregard to private ad- 
 vantage ; disinterest; disinterestedness. 
 This «ord, like vharges in the same 
 sentence, is merely Gallick. 
 
 lie has managed some of the charges of lh« 
 kingdom with known ability, and laid Ihem down 
 with entire disinteressnient. Priors Postscript. 
 
 Disi'nterest. n. s. [dis and interest.] 
 I. \Vhat is contrary to one's wish or pros- 
 perity ; that which any one is concerned 
 to pre\ent. 
 Tliev judge it the great disinterest to Rome. 
 
 _ Gbnrilk. 
 •2. Indifference to profit; superiority to re- 
 gards of private advantage. 
 Disinterested, adj. [from disinterest.] 
 
 1. Superior to regard of private advan- 
 tage; not influenced by private profit. 
 
 As disinterested as you appear to the world, no 
 man is more in the power of tliat prevailinii fa- 
 vourite passion than yourself. Sicifi. 
 
 2. Witiiout any concern in an affair ; with 
 out fear or hope 
 
 Disinterestedly. adv. [from disintei-- 
 ested.] In a disinterested manner. 
 
 Disi'nterf.stedness. n.s. [from rfijnn- 
 tireslcd.] Contempt of private interest ; 
 neglect of personal profit. 
 
 These expressions uf scllishiiess and disinttrested- 
 ness have been used in a very loose and iiidctermi- 
 nale manner. Brom. 
 
 7'« UisiNTRiCATK. e. «. [rf/i and i«/r»- 
 ctite ] To disentangle. Diet. 
 
 To Disinvi'te. v.a. [dis and intite.] 
 To retract an inviuition. 
 
 To Dlsjo'iN. r. (/. [disjoindrc, Fr. dit 
 and^'((«.] To septirate; to part from 
 each other ; to disunite ; to sunder. 
 
 698
 
 D I S 
 
 Never sluiU my liarp thy praise 
 forget, nor fromlliy father's praise diyoiH. M'dUm. 
 
 Lest dirieruiiL degree 
 Visjoin us, and 1 then too l:ite renounce 
 Deity for thee, wlica f^ite will not penniL Millo/i. 
 
 Hdp|iier for me, tlutt all our hour^ a^^il^1lM 
 Togeltierwe had liv'd; ev'ii nut in death cii.^jtnii'tL 
 
 Drijdcn. 
 
 Never let us lay down our anus against France, 
 
 till we have utterly disjoined her from the Spanish 
 
 monarchy. Addiioit. 
 
 To Disjoi'nt. v. a. [dts and joint.] 
 
 1. To put out of joint. 
 
 Be ail their ligaments at once unhound, 
 And then disjointed buucs to powder ground. 
 
 fiundys. 
 
 Yetwhat could swordsor poison.racks or tiaiue, 
 
 But mangle and disjcint the britlle frame ? 
 
 More f^tal Henry *s words ; they ujurder'd Eninia'^ 
 
 fame. Prior 
 
 2. To break, at junctures; to separate at 
 the part where there is a cement. 
 
 Mould'riuu; arches, and disjointtd columns. 
 
 Irene. 
 
 3. To break in pieces ; to dilaniate. 
 
 Rotation must disperse in air 
 All things which on the rapid orh appear ; 
 And if no power that motion should contro\d, 
 It must disjoint and dissipate the whole. BUickm. 
 Should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen 
 a palace or a ship, view the separate and disjointed 
 parts, he would be able lo form but a very lame 
 and dark idea of either of those excellent and 
 useful inventions. ]\ alls. 
 
 4. To carve a fowl. 
 
 5. To make incoherent ; to break the re- 
 lation between tiie parts. 
 
 The constancy of your wit was not wont to 
 bring forth such disjointed speeches. Sidney. 
 
 Jiut now her grief has wrought her into frenzy ; 
 Tlie images her troubled fancy furms 
 Are incoherent, wild ; her wi^rds disjointed. Smith. 
 
 1 o Disjoi'nt. v. n. To fall in pieces. 
 
 Let both worlds disjoint, and all things sutler, 
 Ere we will eat our meal in fear. Sluik. Macbeth. 
 
 Disjoi'nt. participle, [trom the verb.] 
 Separated; divided. We now write 
 disjointed. 
 
 Young Fontinbras, 
 Holding a weak bupp'osal of our worth, 
 'i'hinks by our late dear brother's death 
 Our slate to be disjoint and out of frame. 
 
 Sliakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Disjudica'tion. n.s, [dijrtdicalio, Lat.] 
 Judgment; determination: perhapsonly 
 mistaken for dijudication. 
 
 The disposilioiL of the organ is of great import- 
 ance in the diijudications we make of colours. 
 
 Bflyli' on Colours. 
 
 Disju'nct. adj. [disjimcius, Lat.] Dis- 
 joined ; separate. 
 
 Disju'nction. «. s. [from disjunctio, 
 Lat.] Dismiion; separation; parting. 
 
 You may 
 Enjoy your mistress now, from \vhom you see 
 There's no disjunction to be made, hut by 
 Your ruin. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 There is a great analogy betvvccn the body na- 
 tural and politic, in which the ecclesiastical or 
 spiritual part justly supplies the part of the soul ; 
 and the violent sej)aration of tins from the other, 
 does as cer.ainly infer death and dissolution, as 
 the disjunction of the body and the soul in the 
 natural. South. 
 
 Disjunctive, adj. [disjunctivus, Lat.] 
 1 . Incapable of union. 
 
 Such principles, whose atoms are of that dis- 
 Junctwe nature, as not to be united in a sullicient 
 number to make a visible mass. Grew. 
 
 '2. That uhich marks separation or oppo- 
 sition: aSj I love him, or Jear him. 
 
 D I S 
 
 There are such words as df-yanciiue conjunctions. 
 
 iVatts. 
 
 3. [In loiiick.] A disjunctive proposition 
 is when the parts are opposed to one 
 another by disjinictive particles : as, /^ 
 is- tiilur dai/ or ni^/it : T//r trta(ht:r is 
 i'iihtr shinij orrainjj ; Quanlifif is eithtr 
 lingth. bnadlhy or depth. The truth 
 n't dij Hint ices depends on the necessary 
 and immediate opposition of the parts, 
 tiierefore only the last of these exam- 
 ples is true : but the two first are not 
 strictly true; because twilioht is a me- 
 tlium between day and nio-ht; and dry 
 cloudy weather is a medium between 
 shiniuiT and rainin^r. IVatfs's Logic k\ 
 A dijnnclive syllogism is when the major pro- 
 position is disjunctive : as, the earth moves in a 
 circle, or an ellipsis^ but it does not move in a 
 circle, tiierefore it moves in an ellipsis. 
 
 Wutis*s Logick. 
 
 Disju'nctively. adv. [from disjunctive.] 
 Distinctly; separately. 
 
 What lip observes of the numbers disjunctioeh} 
 and apart, reason suggests to be applicable to the 
 whole body united. 
 
 Causes oj' the Decay oj' Piety. 
 DISK. 7i.s. [discus, Lat.] 
 
 1 , The face of the sun^ or any planet, as 
 it appears to the eye. 
 
 llie di.sk iif Pbuebus, when he climbs on high. 
 Appears at first but as a bloodshot eye. Drifdcn. 
 
 It is til be considered, that the rays, which are 
 equally refrangible, do fall upuna circle answering 
 to the sun's disk. Keuton 
 
 Mercury's disk 
 Can scarce be caught by philosophic eye, 
 Lost in the near enulgence. Thoinson. 
 
 2. A broad piece of iron thrown in the an- 
 cient sports ; a quoit. 
 
 The crystal of the eye, which in a fish is a ball, 
 in any land animal is a disk or bowl ; being hereby 
 fitted for the clearer sight of the object. Grew. 
 
 In areas varied with mosaic art. 
 Some whirl the disk, and some the jav'lin dart. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Diski'ndness. n. s. [dis and kindness.] 
 
 1. Want of khidness ; want of affection; 
 want of benevolence. 
 
 2. Ill turn ; injury ; act of malignity ; de- 
 triment. 
 
 This discourse is so far from doing any diskind- 
 7iess to the cause, that it does it a real service. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Disli'ke. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Disinclination; absence of affection; 
 the contrary to fondness. 
 
 He then lliem took, and tempering goodly well 
 Their contrary dislikes with loved means. 
 
 Did place them all in order, and compel 
 To keep themselves within their sundry reigns, 
 Together Hnk'd with adamantine chains Spenser. 
 
 \our dislikes, to whom I would be [>leasing, 
 Do cloud my joys with danger and with sorrow. 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 God's grace, that principle of his new birth, 
 gives him continual dislike to sin. 
 
 Hammond's Pract. Catechism. 
 
 Our likings or dviVkes are founded rather upon 
 humour and fancy, than upon reason. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Sorrow would have been as silent as thought, as 
 severe as philosophy. It would have rested in 
 inward senses, tacit dislikes. South. 
 
 The jealous man is not angry if you dislike 
 another ; but if you find those faults which are in 
 his own character, you dii^cove^ not only your 
 dislike of another, but of himself. Addison. 
 
 2. Discord; dissension; disagreement. 
 This sense is not now in use. 
 
 D I S 
 
 This said Aletes, and a murmur rose 
 That shew'd dislike amoug the christian peers. 
 
 t'airj'ax. 
 
 To Disli'ke. v. a. [dis and like.] To dis- 
 approve; to r(.\i;ard without affection; 
 to regard with ill will or disgust. 
 
 W hut most he should dislike, seems pleasant to 
 liim ; 
 ^^'lIat like, otTensive. Shakesp. Kiiig Lear. 
 
 Ye dislike, and so undo 
 The players, and disgrace the poet loo. Denham. 
 \\'nosoevcr dilikcs the digressions, or grows 
 weary of them, may throw them away. Temple. 
 
 Dislikeful. adj. [dislike and /«//.] 
 Disallected ; malign: not in use. 
 
 I think it best, by an union of manners, and 
 c inlormity ot' minds, to bring them lo be one pco- 
 jile, and to put away the disllktjnl conceit ol the 
 one and the other. Spenser's Ireland. 
 
 To Disli'ken. v. a. [dh &nA. liken.] To 
 make unlike. Unusual, 
 
 Mullle your face. 
 Dismantle you : and, as ynu can, dislikfn 
 Ihe truth of your own seeming. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 Disli'keness. n. s. [dts and likeness.] 
 Dissimilitude ; not resemblance; uulike- 
 ness. 
 
 That which is not designed to represent any 
 thing but itself, caii never be capable of a wrong 
 representation, itor mislead us frou; the true ap- 
 prehension of any thing by its dislikeness to U; 
 and such, excepting those {»f substances, are all 
 our own complex ideas. Locke. 
 
 Disli'ker. «. s. [from dislike.] A disap- 
 prover; one that is not pleased. 
 
 There is a point, which whoever can touch, will 
 never fail uf pleasing a majority, so great that the 
 diilikers will be forced to fall hiwith the herd. 
 
 Su^iJ't. 
 
 To Disli'mb. v. a. [dis and limb.] To 
 dilaniate: to tear limb from hmb. Diet. 
 
 To Disli'mn. v. a. [dis and limn.] To 
 unpaint ; to strike out of a picture. 
 
 'I'hat which is now a horse, even with a thought 
 The rack disiimns, and makes it indistinct 
 As water is in water. Shokesp. Ant. and CIcop. 
 
 To Di'sLOCATE. v.a. [dis andlociis, Lat.] 
 
 1. To put of the proper place. 
 
 After some time the strata on all sides of the 
 globe were dislocated, and their situation varied, 
 being elevated in some places, and depressed in 
 others. Woodward. 
 
 2. To put out of joint; to disjoint. 
 
 Were't mv fitness 
 To let tliese hands obey ray boiling blood, 
 'I'hey 're apt enough to dislocate and tear 
 Thy flesh and bones. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Disloca'tion. n.s. [from dislocate.] 
 
 1. The act of shifting the places of things. 
 
 2. The state of being displaced. 
 
 The posture of rocks, often leaning or prostrate 
 siicws that they had some dislocation from their 
 natural site. Burnet. 
 
 3. A luxation ; a violent pressure of a bone 
 out of the socket, or correspondent part ; 
 a joint put out. 
 
 It might go awry either within or without the 
 upper, as otten as it is forcibly pulled to it, and 
 30 cause a dislocatiortt or a strain. 
 
 Ch'ew*s MiisiEutn, 
 
 To Dislo'dge. v. a. [dis and lodge.] 
 
 1. To remove from a place. 
 
 The shell-fish which are resident in the depths 
 live and die there, and are never dislmlged or re- 
 moved by storms, nor cast upon the shores ; which 
 the iittorales usually are. Woodimrd. 
 
 2. To remove from an habitation. 
 
 These senses lost, behold a new defeat. 
 The soul dislodging from another seat. 
 
 Vrydens JuvenaU 
 
 540
 
 D I S 
 
 8. To drive an enemy from a station. 
 
 My sword can perfect wliat it lias lieiiun, 
 Aiid'froiuyout walls dislodge that liauglity son. 
 
 Dryilcn. 
 
 4. To remove an army to other quarters. 
 
 The ladies have prevail'd, 
 The Volscians are dislodgd, and Warcus pone. 
 
 ShuKesp. 
 
 To Dislo'dge. v. n. To go away to 
 another place. 
 
 Soon as midniaht lirouoht on the dusky hour, 
 Friendliest t"slce|i, and silence, he resolv'd 
 With all his legions to dislmlgc. Milton. 
 
 Disloy'al. adj. {desloi/nl, Fr. dis and 
 loydl-l 
 
 1. S'ot true to iillcciance; faithless; false 
 to a sovereifjn; disobedient. 
 
 Foul distrust and breach 
 Disloiial ; on the part of man, revolt 
 Ami disiibedience. Millon. 
 
 2. Dishonest ; perfidious. Obsolete. 
 
 Such things, in a false disli^iiid knave, 
 Are tricks of custom ; but, in a man that 's just. 
 They 're cold delations working from the heart. 
 That passion cannot rule. Shukesp. Othello. 
 
 3. Not true to the man-iage-bed. 
 
 The ladv is disloiial. 
 
 Dis/iii;.i/.' The word is too good to paint out 
 
 her wickedness. Siiaiieqi. 
 
 Disloyal town ! 
 Speak, didst not thou 
 Forsake thy fiiith, and break thy nuptial vow ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. False in love ; not constant. The three 
 latter senses are now obsolete. 
 
 DiSLo'vALLY. adv. [from disloyal^ Not 
 faithfully ; treacherously ; disobediently. 
 Dislo'yalty. 11. s. [from disloi/td.] 
 
 1. Want of fidelity to the sovereign. 
 
 Let the truth of that religion I profess be repre- 
 sented to judgment, not in the disguisesof levity, 
 schism, heresv, novelty, and disloyattif. K. Charles. 
 
 2. Want of fidelity in love. A sense now 
 obsolete. 
 
 There shall appearsuchseeraingtruthsof Hero's 
 ilbloyalty, that jealousy shall be called assurarice. 
 
 Shakes}). 
 
 DI'SMAL. adj. [dies mnJus, Lat. an evil 
 day.] Sorrowful ; dire ; horrid ; melan- 
 choly ; uncomfortable ; unhappy ; dark. 
 The thane of Cawder 'gar. a dismal conflict. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He hears 
 On all sides from innumerable tongues 
 A dknial universal hiss. Milton. 
 
 Nor yet in horrid shade or dismal den, 
 Nor nocent yet ; hut on the grassy herb 
 Fearless, uufear'd, he slept. Milton. 
 
 The dismal situation waste and wild, 
 A flungeou horrible ! Milton 
 
 Such a variety of dismal accidents must have 
 broken the sj)irits of any man. Clarendon. 
 
 On the one hand set the most glittering temp- 
 tations to discord, and on the other view tltc f//s- 
 mal ellects of it. Decay tj' Piety. 
 
 Dreadful gleams. 
 Dismal screams. Pope. 
 
 Dl'sMALT.Y. adv. [from dismal.] Horri- 
 bly ; sorrowfullj' ; uncomfortably. 
 
 Di'SM ALNESS. 71, s. [from dismal.] Hor- 
 rour ; sorrow. 
 
 To Dismantle, v. a. [dis and mantle.] 
 
 1. To deprive of a dress; to strip; to de- 
 nude. 
 
 He timt makes his prince despised ami under- 
 valued, and beats him (jut of his subjects hearts, 
 may easily strip him of his other garrisons, having 
 already disjiossessed him of his strongest, by dis- 
 mantling him of his honour, and seizing his repu- 
 tation. South. 
 
 DIS 
 
 2. To loose; throw off a dress; to throw 
 
 open. 
 
 This is most strange ! 
 That she, who ev'n but now was your best object, 
 Dearest and best, should in this trice of time 
 Ciiiniuit a thing s(j monstrous, to dismantle 
 So many folds of favour. Shaketip. King Lear. 
 
 3. To strip a town of its outworks. 
 
 It is not suliieient to possess our own fort, with- 
 out the (/umaiit/ing and demolishing of our enemies. 
 
 liaktwitl. 
 
 4. To break down any thing external. 
 
 His evebalis, rooted out, are thrown to ground ; 
 His nose distnantled in his mouth is found ; 
 His jaws, cheeks, front, one undistincuish'd 
 wound. Dryden. 
 
 To Disma'sk. v. a. [dis and mask.] 'Jo 
 divest of a mask ; to uncover from con- 
 cealment. 
 
 Fair ladies mask'd are roses in the bud. 
 Or angels veil'd in clouds ; are roses blown. 
 Dismask'd, their damask sweet commixture shewn. 
 
 Shalic.y>. 
 
 The marquis thought best to dismask his beard ; 
 
 and t'lld hitn that he was going covertly. II otfon. 
 
 To UlSMA'Y. t>. a. [desmayer, Span.] 
 To terrify ; to discourage ; to affright ; 
 to depress ; to deject. 
 Their mighty strokes their haberjeons dismay'd. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Enemies would not be so troublesome to the 
 
 western coasts, nor that country itself would be 
 
 so often dismayed with alarms as they have of late 
 
 years been. Ra'leigh's Essays. 
 
 He will not fail thee; fearnot, neither be <(«- 
 
 maycd. Dent. 
 
 Nothing can make him remiss in the practice 
 
 of his duty ; no prosi)ect of interest can allure 
 
 liiui, no fciir of danger dismay him. Atterbury. 
 
 Disma'y. n.s. [desmayo, &^sm.] Fall of 
 
 courage ; terrour felt ; desertion of mind ; 
 
 fear impressed. 
 
 All sate mute. 
 Pondering the danger with deep thoughts ; and 
 
 each 
 In other's countenance read his own dismay. Mitt. 
 
 7"his then, not minded in dismay, yet now 
 Assures me that the bitterness of death 
 Is past. Milton. 
 
 Disma'yednes.s. n.s. [from dismay.] 
 Dejection of courage ; dispiritedness. 
 
 The valiantest feels inward di-imayedness and 
 yet the fearfullest is ashamed fully to shew it. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 DTSME. 11. s. [Fr.] A tenth ; the tenth 
 part ; tythe. 
 
 Since the first sword was drawn about this 
 question, 
 Ev'ry tithe soul 'mongst many thousand dismes, 
 Hatli been as dear as Helen. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 The pope began to exercise his new rajiincs by 
 
 a compliance with king Edward, in granting him 
 
 two years disme from tlie clergy. Aylijje's I'arerg. 
 
 To Disme'mber. v.a. [rfis and member.] 
 To divide member from member ; to di- 
 lacerate ; to cut in pieces. 
 
 I am with both, each army haih a hand ; 
 And in their rage, I having hold of both, 
 'J'iiey w hirl asunder and dismember me. _ Shakesp. 
 
 0, that we then could come by CiEsar's spirit. 
 And not i/ismem^er Ca-sar! but, alas! 
 Casar must bleed for it. . Sliakesi<. 
 
 .■V stace can never arrive to its period in a more 
 deplorable crisis, than when some prince lies ho- 
 vering, like a vulture, to devour or dismember its 
 dying carcass. . . Sa-ijt. 
 
 Fowls obscene dismember'd his remains, 
 And dogs had torn him un tlie naked plains. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Those who contemplate only the fragments or 
 pieces of science dispersed iii'short unconnected 
 discourses, can never survey an entire body "f 
 .truth, but must always view it as defotme<i and 
 dismembered. " ""*• 
 
 D I S 
 
 To DISMISS, v.a. [dimisrus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To send away. 
 \V(- commit tliee thither. 
 
 Until his army be dismiu'd from him. 
 
 Shaknp. Henry IV. 
 He dismiaed the assembly. Acu, lii. 41. 
 
 2. To give leave of departure. 
 If our young liilus be no more, 
 
 Dismia our navy from your friendly shore. 
 
 Dryden t Virfit. 
 
 3. To discard ; to divest of an office, 
 DiSMi'ssiON. n.s. [frcm dimissio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Dispatch ; act of sending away. 
 
 So pois'd, so gently she descends from high. 
 It seems a soft disnii-Uion from the sky. Vrydtn. 
 
 2. An honourable discharge from any 
 oflice or place. 
 
 Not onlv thou dcgrad'st them, or remil'st 
 To life obscure, which were a fair ditmiuian ; 
 But throw's! them lower than thou didst exalt 
 them high. Mdtm's Agmislei. 
 
 3. Deprivation ; obligation to leave any 
 
 post or place. 
 
 You must not stay here longer ; your dismission 
 Is come from Caisar' Shakesp. Ant. and Cteap. 
 
 To Dismortgage, v.a. [dis and moft- 
 gafre.] To redeem from mortgage. 
 
 He dismortgaged the crown demesnes, and left 
 behind a mass of gold. Hovel's I'ecal Forest. 
 
 To Dismount, v.a. [demonter, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To throw off an horse. 
 
 From this liying steed nnrein'd, asonce 
 Bellerophon, though t'rom a lower clime, 
 D'lsmnnnted, on ih' Aleian field I fall. Milton 
 
 2. To throw from any elevation or place of 
 honour. 
 
 3. To throw a cannon from its carriage. 
 The Turks artillery, planted against that tower, 
 
 was by the Christia'n cannoneers dismounted with 
 shot t'rom the tower, and many of the gunnert 
 slain. Aneilo. 
 
 Tci DiSMO'UNT. I'. M. 
 
 1 . To alight from an horse. 
 When he came within sight of tli.at prodigious 
 
 army at Agincourt, he ordered all his cavalry to 
 
 dismount, and iiuplore upon their knees a blessing. 
 
 Addi.'on's Freeholder. 
 
 2. To descend from an elevation. 
 To DisN.VrijRALiZE. r. a. [rf/sand naiu- 
 
 rttli:e.] To alienate ; to make alien ; to 
 deprive of the privileges of birth. 
 Disna'tured. adj. [dis and nature.] 
 l^matural ; wanting natural tenderness ; 
 devoid of natund atfotion. Unusual. 
 
 If she must teem. 
 Create her child of spleen, that it may live, 
 .Vnd be a thwart disnaliir'd torment to her. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 DisocEniEXCE. U.S. [dis a.m\ obedience.] 
 
 1. \ iolation of lawful command or prohi- 
 bition ; breach of duty due to superiours. 
 
 Tir offence is holy th.at'she hath coiuinitted ; 
 And this deceit loses the name of craft. 
 Of diawJinicif, in unduicoas title. Shakesf. 
 
 Of man's first d'\sebedienee, and the fruit 
 Of that forbidden tree, sing heavuly muse. MUt. 
 
 JIurder,adultcrv,ordi.<i>/i<:die"«tu parents, liave 
 a general notion aiiieccdently to laws. Stillmgneet. 
 
 This is not d'lsohedience, but rebellion; us dis- 
 claiming the sovereignty of Christ, and renounc- 
 ing all allegiance to his authority. Keigert. 
 
 2. Incompliance. 
 If ]>laiic'arv orbs tlie sun obey, 
 
 W liy shoiihl ilit moon disown his sovereign svraj ; 
 iVbV in a whirling eddy of her own 
 Around the globe terrestrial should she run ? 
 Tills c/i.«»6c</idicc of the moon will prove 
 The sun's bright orb docs not the planets move. 
 
 Blackmort. 
 
 541
 
 D I S 
 
 Disobedie'nt. adj. [dis and obedient.] 
 
 Not observant of lawful authority; 
 guilty of the breach of lawful com 
 mands, or prohibition. 
 
 The man of GoJ was disobedient unlo the wunl 
 oftheLor.i. 1 A'i»js, xiii. 26. 
 
 7y DisoBEV. v.a. [di.i a.uA obey.] To 
 break commands, or transgress prohi- 
 bitions. 
 
 She abiolnlely bade him, and he durst not know 
 how to disobeti' ■ Sid/uy. 
 
 He 's hith to disoheii tlie gnd's command. 
 Not willing 10 forsalie this pleasant land. Dcnham. 
 
 Disobliga'tion. n.s. [dis And obliga- 
 tion.] Offence ; cause of disgust. 
 
 If lie receded from what he had promised, it 
 would be such a disobligadon to the prince that he 
 would never forget it. Claremimi. 
 
 There can he no malice, and consequently- no 
 crime or disMigalion. L' Estrange. 
 
 To DISOBLI'GE. v.a. [dis and oblige.] 
 To offend ; to disgust ; to give offence 
 to. A term by which offence is ten- 
 derly expressed. 
 
 Ashley liacl been removed from th.it charge, 
 and was't hereby so much disobliged, that he quitted 
 the king's party. Clarendon. 
 
 Those, though in highest place, who slight and 
 disoldige their friends, sh.dl iufalllbly come to 
 know the value of them, by having none when 
 they shall must need them. &i((/i. 
 
 It is in the power of more particular persons in 
 this kingdom, than in any otiier, to distress the 
 government, when they are dviobliged. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder, 
 
 My plan has given offence to some gentlemen, 
 whom It would not be very safe to disoblige. 
 
 Adduons Ouardian. 
 
 We love and esteem our clergy, and are apt to 
 lay some weight upon their opniion, and would 
 not willingly disoblige them. 
 
 Suiji coneerning the Sacramental Test, 
 
 If a woman suffers her h.ver to see she is loth 
 to disoblige him, let her beivare of an encroacher. 
 ° Clarissa, 
 
 Disobliging, participialadj. [from dis- 
 oblige.] Disgusting; unpleasing; of- 
 fensive. 
 
 Percmptoriness can befit no form of under- 
 standing: it renders wise men disobliging and 
 troublesome, and fools ridiculous and c.ntempti- 
 Ijle. Government aj the Tongue, 
 
 Disoeli'giNGLY. ad». [from disoblig- 
 jV?^-.] In a disgusting or offensive man- 
 ned- ; without attention to please. 
 
 Disobli'gingness. n.s. [from disoblig- 
 ing.] Offensiveness ; readiness to dis- 
 gust. 
 
 Diso'ebed. adj. [dis and orb.] Thrown 
 out of the proper orbit. 
 
 Fly like chidden Mercury friun .Tove, 
 Or like a star disorb'd, il:ak,'Troilus and Cressida, 
 
 Diso'rder. n. s. [dis and order; des- 
 ordrr, Fr.] 
 
 1. Want of regtdar disposition; irregu- 
 larity ; confusion ; iraraediodical distri- 
 bution. 
 
 When I read an author of genius without me- 
 thod, I fancy myself in a wood that abounds with 
 many noble objects, rising among one another in 
 the greatest contusion and disorder. Spectator, 
 
 2. Tumult; dislurbance; bustle. 
 
 A greater favour this disorder broutiht 
 Unto her servants, than their awful thought 
 Uurst entertain, when thus compelTd they prest 
 The \ ielding marble of her snowy breast. ]Valler. 
 
 3. Neglect of rule ; irregularity. 
 
 D I S 
 
 From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part. 
 And snalcha grace beyond the reach of art. Pope, 
 
 4. Breach of laws ; violation of standing 
 institution. 
 
 There reigned in all men blood, nianslauglilcr, 
 disquictingof good men, forgctfulness of good 
 turns, and'rfisorrfrr in mr.rriages. H'isd. xiv, i'C. 
 
 5. Breach of that regularity in the animal 
 economy which causes health ; sickness ; 
 distemper. It is used commoidy for a 
 slight disease. 
 
 Pleasure and pain are only different constitu- 
 ti ns of the mind, sometimes cccasiocied by dis- 
 order in the body, or sometimes by thoughts in 
 the mind. Locke. 
 
 6. Disv.-omposure of mind ; turbulence of 
 passions. 
 
 To Disorder, v.a. [dis and order.] 
 1. To throw into confusion ; to confound; 
 to put out of method ; to disturb ; to 
 ruffle ; to confuse. 
 
 Eve, 
 Not sorepuls'd, with tears that ceas'd not flowing, 
 And tresses all disorder'd, at his feet 
 Fell humble. Milton. 
 
 Von disorder'd heap of nun lies, 
 Stones rent from stones, where clouds of dust 
 arise. Dryden. 
 
 The incursions of the Goths, and other barba- 
 rous nations, disordered the affairs of the Rcuiiau 
 empire. Arbnthnot. 
 
 •2. To make sick; to disturb the body: as, 
 my dinner disorders me. 
 
 3. To discompose ; to disturb the mind. 
 
 4. To turn out of holy orders ; to depose ; 
 to strip of ecclesiastical vestments. 
 
 Lei him be siript, and disoi-dered ; I would fain 
 see him walk in querpo, that the world may be- 
 hold the inside of a friar. Dryden's Span. Friar. 
 Dis'ordeked. adj. [£roa> disorder.] Dis- 
 orderly; irregtdar; vitious; loose; unre- 
 strained in behaviour ; debauched. 
 
 Heredoyiui keep a hundred knights and squires 
 Men so disorder'd, so debauch'd and bold. 
 That this our court, infected w ith their manners, 
 Shews like a riotous inn. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 Diso'rderedness. n. s. [from di.ior- 
 dered.] Irregularity ; want of order ; 
 confusion. 
 
 By that diso7-deredness of the soldiers, a great 
 advantage was offered unto the enemy. Knolles, 
 
 Disorderly, adj. [from disorder,] 
 
 1 . Confused ; immethodical ; without pro- 
 per distribution. 
 
 Fhosc obsolete laws of Henry I. were but disor- 
 derly, coui'u ed and general tilings ; ratlier cases 
 and shells of administration than institutions. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 2. Irregtdar; tumultuous. 
 
 Thev thought it the extremes! of evils to put 
 themselves at the mercy of those hungry and dis- 
 orderly people. Bacon. 
 
 His thoughts, which are the pictures and re- 
 sults of passions, are generally such as naturally 
 arise from ihose disorderly motions of our spirits. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 A disorderly multitude contending with the body 
 of the legislature, is like a man in a fit under the 
 conduct of one in the fulness of his health and 
 strength. Addison. 
 
 3. Lawless; contrary to law; inordinate; 
 contrary to the rules of life ; vitious. 
 
 He reproved lliem for their disorderly assem- 
 blies against the peaceable people of the realms. 
 
 Hayward, 
 
 Diso'rdeely. adv. [from disorder.] 
 
 1. Without rule ; without method ; irregu- 
 
 , larly ; confusedly. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Naked savages fighting di.^o- Iniii wiih stones, 
 by appointuiiiit of their counuanders, may truly 
 and absolutely be said to war. Haleigls. 
 
 2. Without law; inordinately. 
 
 We behaved nut ourselvesdiswrt/cr/i/amonE^you. 
 
 i.' 'J'hcss. 
 Diso'rdinate. adj. [dis and ordinate.] 
 Not living by the rules of virtue ; in- 
 ordinate. 
 
 Tliese not disordinate, yet causeless suffer 
 The puuishmeut of dissolute days. Milt. Agonistes. 
 
 Diso'kinatkly. adv. [from disordtnate.] 
 
 Inordinately ; vitiouslj'. 
 
 Diso'rien TATED. (idj. [dis and Orient.] 
 Tin-ned from the east ; turned from the 
 right direction ; thrown out of the pro- 
 per place. Harris. 
 
 To Diso'wN. V. a. [dis and oivn.] 
 
 1. To deny ; not to allow. 
 
 Then ihev, who brother's better clainj d'tsoum, 
 Expel their'parents, and usurp the thr<uie. 
 
 Drydens A^neid. 
 
 2. To abnegate ; to renounce. 
 
 When an author has publickly disoimed a spu- 
 rious piece, they have disputed bis name with 
 him. Swijt. 
 
 To DISP.VND. v.a. \dispando, Lat.] To 
 
 display ; to spread abroad. Diet. 
 
 Dispa'nsion. n. s. [from dispanons, Lat.] 
 
 The act of displaying ; the act of sjjread- 
 
 ing; diffusion; dilatation. 
 To D1SPA'R.\GE. V. a. [from dispar, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To marry any one to anotlier of in- 
 feriour condition. 
 
 2. To match unequally, to injure by union 
 with something inferiour in excellence. 
 
 3. To injure by a comparison with some- 
 thing of less value. 
 
 !. To treat with contempt; to mock; to 
 flout ; to reproach. 
 
 Ahaz, bis sottish conqueror, he drew 
 God's altar to disparage and displace. 
 For one of .Syrian mode. Milton's Par. LotI, 
 
 Thou durs"t not thus disparage gloiiuus arms, 
 Which greatest heroes liave in battle worn, 
 Tlieir ornament and safety. JlJi7t(iit's Agonistci, 
 They w'ill defy 
 That which they love most tenderly ; 
 Quarrel with minc'd pies, and disparage 
 1 heir best and dearest friend, plum-porridge. 
 
 Hudibrat. 
 
 5. To bring reproach upon; to be the cause 
 
 of disgrace. 
 
 How'shall frail pen, with fear disparaged. 
 Conceive such sovereign clory and great bouii- 
 tihed ? " Spenser. 
 
 His religion sat easily, naturally, aud grace- 
 fully uponliiui. without" any of those forbidding 
 appearances which sometimes disparage the ac- 
 tions of men sincerely pious. Atterbury. 
 
 Dispa'ragement. n.s. [from disparage.] 
 1. Injurious union or comparison with 
 something of inferior excellence. 
 
 They take it for a disparagement to sort them- 
 selves with any other than tiiecnemies of the pub- 
 iitk peace. LEstrangt. 
 
 •2. fin law.] Matching an heir in inar- 
 riage under his or her degree, or against 
 decency. Cowell. 
 
 You wrongfully do require Mopsa to so great s 
 disparagement, as" to wed her father's servant. 
 
 Sidney, 
 
 She was much affectionate to her own kindred, 
 which did stir great envy in the lords of the king't 
 side, who counted her blood a disparagement to be 
 mingled with the king's. _ _ _ Bacon. 
 
 3. Reproach; disgrace; indignity. 
 
 542
 
 D I S 
 
 Gciit'e knight, 
 Tliat doth against the ileatl liis hand uprear, 
 Hisiioliuur stains with rancour and ilespight, 
 And great daparagement makes to liis farmer 
 niicht Spaiser. 
 
 In a conimonwealth, much dispnraf^ement is oc- 
 casioned, when able spirits, attracted by a /ao"- 
 liariiv, arc intlamcd witli faction. II ottmi. 
 
 'Tis no dispardgement to philosophy, tliat it can- 
 not deify us. Glmville. 
 
 Reason is a weak, diminutive liglit, compared 
 to revelation ; hut it ought to be no disparugenmit 
 to a star that it is not a sun. Smth. 
 
 lU'ly upon vour beauty: 'l-xtTe a disparagement 
 of that to talk"uf coiiditio"ns, when jou are certain 
 of making your own terms. 
 
 Southern's Innocent Adulleru- 
 4. It lias to before the person or thing 
 disparaged. 
 
 Then to our age, when not to pleasure bent. 
 This seems an honour, not disparagement. Denham. 
 
 The play was never intended for the stage ; nor, 
 without disparagement to tlie author, could have 
 succeeded. Druden. 
 
 Disparager, n. s. [from disparage.] 
 One that disgraces ; one that ti-eats with 
 indignity; one that contrives an unequal 
 match. 
 
 Disparates, n. s. [from disparata. Lat.] 
 Things S3 unlike that they caimot be 
 com|iared with each other. 
 
 Disparity, n. s. [from dispar, Lat.] 
 
 1. Inequality ; difference in degree either 
 of rank or excellence. 
 
 Between Elihu and the rest of Job's familiars, 
 the greatest dujiarifi/ w as but in years. Hooker. 
 
 Among unequals, what society 
 Can sort, what harmony or true delight ? 
 Which must be mutual^ in proportion due 
 Giv'n and receiv'd ; hut in disparity, 
 The one intense, the other still remiss. 
 Cannot well suit with either, but soon prove 
 Tedious alike. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 There was as greata rfi.'|wn(u between the prac- 
 tical dictates oflhe understanding, then and now, 
 as there is between empire and advice, counsel 
 and comiuand. Sintth. 
 
 Men onght not to associate and join themselves 
 together in the same office, under a dispai-iti/ of 
 condition. _ Aylijfe's I'arergon. 
 
 Some members must preside, and others obey ; 
 and a disparity in the outward condition is neces- 
 sary to keep several orders in mutual dependanee 
 on each other. Rogers. 
 
 2. Dissimilitude; unlikeness. 
 
 To Dispa'rk. I', a. [dis and park.] 
 
 1. To throw open a park. 
 
 You have fed upon my signiories, 
 Dispark'd my parks, and fell'd my forest woods. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To set at large ; to release from enclo- 
 sure. 
 
 They were suppos'd 
 By narrow w its to be iiiclos'd ; 
 Till his free muse threw down the pale. 
 And <lid at once dispark them all. Waller. 
 
 To Dispart, r.a. [dis and part; de- 
 parlir, Fr. dispertior, Lat.] To divide 
 in two; to separate; to break; to burst; 
 to rive. 
 
 The [late nor wood, nor of enduring brass. 
 But of more worth3' substance framed was ; 
 Doubly disparted, it did lock and close. 
 That when it locked none might through it pass. 
 
 Spenser. 
 On either side 
 Dispar-ted chaos overbuilt exdaira'd. 
 And with rebounding surae the bars assail'd, 
 Tliat scorn'd his indignatTon. Milton. 
 
 The rest to several places, 
 Disparted, and bctvvteii s|nin out the air. Milton. 
 Disparted Britain iiiourn'd their doubtful sway, 
 And dreaded both, when neither would obev. 
 
 ^rior. 
 
 D I S 
 
 The pilgrim oft 
 At de.id of night, 'mid his orison, hears, 
 Aghast, the voice of time disparti^ig tuw'rs. Dier. 
 
 Dispa'ssion. 71. s. [from dis and passion.] 
 Freedom from mental perturbation ; ex- 
 emption from passion. 
 
 What is called by the Stoicks ajiathy, or dis- 
 nassion, is called by the Sccpticks iiidisturliance, 
 by the Molenists quietism, by conniion men peace 
 ol" conscience. Temple. 
 
 DiSP.v'ssioNATE. adj. [from dis and pas- 
 sionate.] Cool ; calm ; impartial : mo- 
 derate ; temperate : it was sometimes 
 written dispassionatcd. 
 
 You have, as all dispassiouated men may judge, 
 fulfilled the poet's delinllion of madness. 
 
 Dr. ^faine. 
 
 Wise and dispastionate met] thought he had lie<n 
 proceeded with very justly. Clarendon. 
 
 To Dispe'i.. v. a. [dispello, Lat.] To 
 drive by scattering ; to dissipate. 
 
 If the night 
 Have gathcr'd aught of evil, or conceal'd, 
 Dis]ierse it. as now light dispels the dark. Milton. 
 \\ hen the spirit brings light unto our minds, it 
 dispels darkness ; we see it, as we do that of the 
 sun at noon, and need not the twilight of reason 
 to shew it. Locke. 
 
 Dispence. 71. i. [dispence, Fr.] Ex- 
 pence; cost; charge; profusion. 
 
 It was a vault ybuilt for great di.^pence, 
 W ilh luauv ranges rear'd along the wall. 
 
 And one great chimney, whose long funnel 
 tlience 
 The smoke forth threw. Fairii Queen. 
 
 To DISPEND. v. a. [dispendo, Lat.] To 
 spend ; to consume; to expend. 
 
 Of llieir commodilies they were now scarce able 
 to dispend the third part. 
 
 Spenser's State of' Ireland. 
 
 Dispe'nsak'V. 71. s. [from dispense.] The 
 place where medicines are dispensed. 
 
 To thee the lov'd dispens'ry I resign. Garth. 
 
 Dispensa'tion. n. s. [from dispensatio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Distribution; the act of dealing out 
 any thing. 
 
 This perpetual circulation is constantly pro- 
 moted by a dispensation of water promiscuously 
 and inditferently to all paits of the earth. 
 
 M'oodteard's Xat. Hist. 
 
 2. The dealing of God with his creatures ; 
 method of providence; distribution of 
 good and evil. 
 
 God delights in the ministries of his own choice, 
 and the methods of grace, in the (ECcmomy of hea- 
 ven, and the dispertsations of eternai happiness. 
 
 Taiilor's Worthy Communicant. 
 
 Neitlier are God's nietliods or intentions diti'er- 
 ent in h\s dispensations to e^K\i private man. Rogers. 
 
 Do thou, my soul, the deslin'd period wait, 
 When God sliall solve the dark decrees of fate ; 
 His now unequal dispensations c\e^x, 
 :Viid make all wise and beautiful appear. Tickell. 
 
 3. An exemption from some la^\ ; a per- 
 mission to do something forbidden ; an 
 allowance to omit sometliing com- 
 manded. 
 
 A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Bar- 
 row to marry. Uard. 
 DiSPENS.VroR. n. s. [Lat.] One em- 
 ployed in dealing out any thing ; a distri- 
 buter. 
 
 As her majesty halh made them rfi.<peiisnl(')-s of 
 her favour towards her people, so it belioveth 
 them to shew themselves equal distributers of tlie 
 same. Bacon. 
 
 DiSPE'NSArORY. U.S. [from di.'!pense.] 
 A book in which the composition of me- 
 
 D I S 
 
 dicines is described and directed ; in the 
 Greek, a Pharmacopeia. 
 
 The dc'cripiioii of the ointment is found in 
 the chvnncal dispensatory. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 A wliole dispensatorii was little enough to meet 
 with, and sulhcc to all their wants. Hammond. 
 
 Our materia medica is large enough ; and, to 
 look into our dispenutorie$, cue would think no 
 disease incurable. Baker, 
 
 To DISPE'NSE. r.fl. [dispenser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To deal out; to distribute. 
 
 Those now, that were dispens'd 
 The burden of many ages, on me light 
 At once, by my foreknowledge. MiUtm. 
 
 Those to whoin Christ has committed the du- 
 pensin" of his gospel. Vecuyij Piety. 
 
 .\i k'ngth the muses stand rcstor'd again. 
 While you dispense the laws, and guide the state. 
 
 Dryden. 
 To them but eatth-bom life they did dispenie , 
 To us, for mutual aid, celestial sense. 
 
 Tate's Jnienal. 
 
 2. To make up a medicine. 
 
 3. To dispense nitfi. To excuse ; to grant 
 dispensation for; to allow: before 
 
 things. 
 
 To save a brother's life. 
 Nature dispenses tcith the deed. Shakcsj^. 
 
 How few kingdoms are there, wherein, by du- 
 pensing icit/i oaths, absolving subjects from allegi- 
 ance, and cursing, or threatening to curse, as long 
 as their curses were regarded, the popes have not 
 wrought innumerable mischiefs. Raleigh. 
 
 Rules of words may \n; dispensed with. Watts. 
 
 4. Tu dispe7t.<if with : before persons. To 
 set free from an obligation. This con- 
 struction seems ungrammatical. 
 
 I could not dispense with myself from making a 
 voyage to Caprea. Addison on Italy. 
 
 5. Tn dispense with. To obtain a dispen- 
 sation from ; to come to agreement with. 
 Tliis structure is irregular, unless it be 
 here supposed to mean, as it may, to dis- 
 count ; to pay an equivalent. 
 
 Hast thou not sworn allegiance unto me? 
 Canst tliou dispense with heav'n for such an oath ? 
 
 Shakctp. 
 
 Dispe'nse. n.s. [from the verb] Dis- 
 pensation ; exemption : not in use. 
 
 Then reliques, beads. 
 Indulgences, dispensfs, pardons, bulls. 
 The sport of winds. Milton. 
 
 Dispenser, n. s. [from dispense.] One 
 that dispenses ; one that deals out any 
 thing; a distributer. 
 
 The ministers of that househoM are the rfij- 
 
 pcnscrs of that faith. Spratt. 
 
 'I hose "ho stand before earthly princes, who 
 
 are the dispensers of their favours, and convcyofi 
 
 of their w ill to others, challenge high honours." 
 
 Atterbnry. 
 
 To Dispe'ople. r. a. [dis and people.] 
 To dejjopulate ; to empty of people. 
 
 The Irish, banished into the UKfuntains, whcr« 
 they lived only upon while meals, seeing their 
 lands so dispeopled and weakened, came down into 
 the plains. Spenser. 
 
 Conflaerations, and great droughts, do not 
 merely dispeople, bnt destroy. BacpM. 
 
 His heart exalts him in the harm 
 Already done, lo have disjieopted heav'n. Milttit. 
 
 Kings, furious and severe. 
 Who claim'd the skies, dispeopled air and floods. 
 The loneU lords of empty wiids and woods. Pope. 
 
 DlspEOPLKR. n. s. [from dispeople.] A 
 depopulator; a waster. 
 
 Nor d ain I ponds the golden carp to lake ; 
 Nor trowie for pikes, dispeopters of the lake. Gay. 
 
 To Dispe'roe. r. a. [disptrgo, Lat.] To 
 sprinkle ; to scatter. Shakesp. 
 
 543
 
 D I S 
 
 To DISPERSE, r.a. [dispersus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To scatter ; to drive to different parts. 
 
 And 1 scatiere'l tlieiii among the heathen, and 
 they were dispersed tlirough the countries. 
 
 Esek. .\xxvi. 19. 
 
 2. To dissipate. 
 
 Soldiers, disperse yourselves. Shahesp. 
 
 If tlie nialit 
 Have jather'd aught of evil, or conceal'd, 
 DisfLTse it, as ncnv liglit dispels the dark. Miltm. 
 S. To deal about; to distribute. 
 
 Being a king that loved wealth, he could not 
 endure to have trade sick, nor any ohstruclion to 
 continue in the gate vein whicli dispirseth that 
 blood. Bacon. 
 
 Dispe'RSEDLY. adv. [from dispersed.] In 
 a dispersed manner; separately. 
 
 The exquisite wits of some few, |}eradvenlure, 
 are able, d^spersedty here and there, to tind now a 
 word, and tlien a sentence, which may be more 
 probably suspected, thiui easily cleared, of errour. 
 
 Hiioker. 
 Those minerals are either found in grains, dis- 
 pcrsedlu intermixed with the corpuscles of earth or 
 sand, or else amassed into balls or nodules. 
 
 ]Vwdicard. 
 
 Dispe'rsedness. n. s. [from dispcr.iid.] 
 The state of being dispersed ; dispersioti. 
 
 Dispe'rsedness. h. s. [from dispei-se.] 
 Thinness ; scatteredness. 
 
 The torrid parts "f Africk are by Piso resem- 
 bled to a libbard's skin, the distance of whose 
 spots represent the disfiei-sfi/jicss of liabitations or 
 towns in Africk. Brerewood on Languages. 
 
 Dispe'rser. n. s. [from disperse.'] A 
 scatterer; a spreader. 
 
 Those who are pleased with defamatory libels, 
 so far as to approve the authors and rfis;ifiistrjof 
 them, are as guilty as if they had composed them. 
 
 Specltitm-. 
 
 Dispe'rsion. n.s. [from dispersio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of satttering or spreading. 
 
 2. The state of being scattered. 
 
 Noah began from thence his dh^persUm. Raleigh. 
 
 After so many dispersions, and so many divisions, 
 
 two or three of us may yet be gathered togelher- 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Dispi'rit. II. rt. [(/(s and spirit.] 
 
 1 . To discourage ; to deject ; to depress ; 
 to damp ; to terrify ; to intimidate ; to 
 fright; to strike with fear. 
 
 Certain it is, that the poor tnan appeared so 
 dispirited, that he spoke but few words after he 
 came upon the scaliold. Clarendon. 
 
 The providence of God strikes not in with 
 them, but dashes, and even disp'u-its, all their en- 
 deavours, and makes their designs heartless and 
 inertectual. Soith. 
 
 Steady to my principles, and not dispirited with 
 my alHictions, Ihave overcome all dilhcultics. 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 Amidst all the honours that are paid liiui, he 
 feels nothing in himself but a poor, weak, dispi- 
 rited mortal, yielding to the laws of corruption. 
 
 Hogers. 
 
 2. To exhaust the spirits ; to oppress the 
 constitution of the body. 
 
 He has dispirited himself hy a debauch, and 
 drank away his good humour. Collier. 
 
 Dispi'ritedness. n. s. [fi-om dispirit.] 
 Want of vigour; want of vivacity. 
 
 Did. 
 To Displa'ce. v. a. [dis and place.] 
 
 1. To pat out of place ; to place in another 
 situation : as, the chessmen are displaced. 
 
 2. To put out of any state, condition, of- 
 fice, trust, or dignity. 
 
 D I S 
 
 To disphce any who are in, upon displeasure, is 
 by all means to be avoided, unless there be a ma- 
 nifest cause for it. Bacon. 
 
 Abdal, who commands 
 The city, is the prince's frieiul, ;iiKi tlieicfore 
 Must be displaced, and thou bhalt strait .'succeed 
 hira. Denham. 
 
 A religion, established h\ God himself, should 
 not be displaced by any thini:. under a demonstra- 
 tion of that divine pnwer that tirst introduced it. 
 
 South. 
 One then may be displaced, and one may reign ; 
 And want of merit render birthright vain. 
 
 Dryd€7i. 
 
 3. To disorder. 
 
 You have displaced the mirth, broke the good 
 meeting 
 With most admir'd disorder. Shakesp. 
 
 DisPLACENCY, n.s. [displici'fitia, hat.] 
 
 1 . Incivility ; disobligation. 
 
 2. Disgust; any thing unpleasing. 
 
 The disptaceiicies thut iie receives, h^' the conse- 
 quences of his excess, far outweiyb all that is 
 grateful in it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Disfla'nt. r. a. [dis and plant.] 
 
 3. To remove a plant. 
 
 '2. To drive a people from the place in 
 which they have fixed their residence. 
 
 All ihi^se countries, which, lying near unto any 
 mountains, or Irish desarts, i;ad been piuntcd with 
 English, were shortly displunted antl lost. Spemcr, 
 
 ] may justly account new plantations to be the 
 cliiltiren of fnrmcr kingdoms : I like a plantation 
 in a pure soil; that is, where people are ii'-t dis- 
 pUinted. Bacon. 
 
 Displanta'tion. n. s. [from dis and 
 planfaiio.] 
 
 1. The removal of a plant. 
 
 2. The ejection of a people. 
 
 1'he. Eilenites were garrisoned to resist the Assy- 
 rians, whose dispiaiitation Senacherib vaunted of. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 To DISPLAY. V. a. [desploi/tr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To spread wide. 
 
 The northern wind his wings did broad display 
 At his command, and reared him up li^ht. 
 
 lairy Queen. 
 
 There he him found all carelessly displayed, 
 In secret shadow from the sunny ra3-, 
 On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Fairy Queeyi. 
 
 2. To exhibit to the sight or mind. 
 
 You speak not like yourself, who ever yet 
 Have stood to charity, and displayed th' ejects 
 Of disposition gentle. Skakesp. 
 
 Thou heav'ii's alternate beauty can'st disjylart. 
 The blush of morning, and the milky way. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The works of nature, and the words of revela- 
 tion, display truth to mankind in characters so vi- 
 sible, that those, who are not quite blind, may 
 read. Locke. 
 
 The storm the dark Lycaeau groves display'd, 
 And, first to light expos'd the sacred shade. 
 
 Pope's Statins. 
 
 Say how this instrument of love began ; 
 And in immortal strains display the fan. Gay. 
 
 3. To carve ; to cut up. 
 
 He carves, displays, and cuts up to a wonder. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 4. To talk without restraint. 
 
 The very fellow wliich of lafe 
 Displau'd so SMicily against your highness. STiak. 
 
 5. To set ostentatiously to view. 
 
 They are all couched in a pit, with obscured 
 lights ; whicli, at the very instaiit of our mectine, 
 tliev will at once dis})lay to the night. Shahey}. 
 
 Displa'y. 71. s. [from the verb.] An ex- 
 hibition of any thing to view. 
 
 Ourenobled understandings take the wings of 
 the morning to visit the w( rid above us, and 
 have a glorioui display of the highest form of 
 created excellencies. Olanville. 
 
 DIS 
 
 We can with the greatest coldness behold the 
 stupendous displays of omnipotence, and be in 
 transports at tlic puny essays of human skill. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 Displea'sance. n. s. [from displease.] 
 Anger; discontent. Obsolete. 
 
 Cordell said, she luv'd him as behov'd : 
 A\'Iiose simple answer, wdntiwg colours fair 
 To paint it forth, him to displeasance mov'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 D 1 s p L E a's A N T . adj. [from disp lease. ] 
 Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant. 
 
 What to one is a most grateful odour, to another 
 is noxious and disjtleasant ; and it were a misery 
 to some to lie stretched oa a bed of roses. 
 
 Clan. Seep. 
 
 To Disple'ase. v. a. [dis and phase.] To 
 ofl'end ; to make angry. 
 God was displeased with tins thing. 
 
 1 Ckron. xxi. 7, 
 
 To Displease, r. n. To disgust; to 
 raise aversion. 
 
 Foul sights do ratlier displease, in that Ihey ex- 
 cite the memory of foul thnigs, than in the imme- 
 diate objects; and therefore, in pictures, those 
 foul sights do not much offend. Bac. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Your extreme fondness was perhaps as disjdeaa- 
 v>g to God before, as now your extreme affliction. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Sweet and stinking commonly serve our turn 
 for these ideas, whic"li, in eiVect, is Utile more 
 than to call them pleasing or displeasing ; though 
 the smeli of a rose and violet, both sweet, are 
 certainly very distinct ideas. Locke. 
 
 Disple'asingness. n,s. [from displeas- 
 iiig.] Offensiveness; quality of of- 
 fending. 
 
 It is a mistake to think that men cannot chsnge 
 their displtasingness or indiireiency, that is in ac- 
 tions, into pleasure and desire, if they will do but 
 what is ill their power. Locke. 
 
 Disple'asure. n, s. [rromdiypleast:] 
 
 1. Uneasiness; pain received. 
 
 Wlieu good is proposed, its absence carries dis- 
 pleasure or pain with it. Lockt. 
 
 2. Offence ; pain given. 
 
 Now shall 1 be more blameless than Uie Philis- 
 tines, though I do tliem a displeasure. Judges. 
 
 3. Anger; indignation. 
 
 True repentance may be wrought in the hearts 
 of such as fear God, and yet incur his displeasure, 
 the deserved effect wliereof is eternal dea.h. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 He should beware that he did not provoke So- 
 
 Iv man's heavy displeasure against him. Kiwllet. 
 
 Undoubtedly he will relent, and turn 
 
 From his displeasure. lililton. 
 
 Though the reciprocalness of tlie injury ouglit 
 
 to allay the displeasure at it, yet men so much 
 
 morecoasider what they suffer than v\h.it they do. 
 
 Decay of Piety, 
 
 On me alone thy just disp/eflsur^ lay ; 
 
 But take thy judgments fioin this mourning land. 
 
 Dryden. 
 You've shewn how much you my content de- 
 sign; 
 Yet, ah !^vuuld heav'n's displeasure pass like mine ! 
 
 Diuden. 
 Nothing is in itself so pernicious to communi- 
 ties of learned men, as the disjileasure of their 
 prince. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 4. State of disgrace; state of being dis- 
 countenanced ; disfavour. 
 
 He \vent into Poland, being in displeasure witU 
 the pope for overmuch familiarity. 
 
 P'eacham an Music. 
 
 To Disple'asure. v. a. [from the noun,] 
 To displease ; not to gain favour ; not 
 to win affection. A word not elegant, 
 nor now in use . 
 
 544
 
 D I S 
 
 When tijc waj of plirrtsnrmg nr displeasuring 
 iietli hv tlie favourite, il is impossible any otlur 
 should "I)e over greiil. iJdCim. 
 
 7b DISPLO'DE. i'. a. [displodo, Lat.] To 
 disperse witli a loud noise; to vent with 
 
 violenco. 
 
 Stood rauk'd of scrajihini another row. 
 In posture to disphde their second lire 
 Of thunder. ililtnn. 
 
 DispLosloN. n.s. [fiom dixpfosits, Lat.] 
 The act of disploiiino; a sudden burst 
 or dispersion with noise and violence. 
 
 Dispo'rt. 71. s. [dis and sport.] Play ; 
 sport ; pastime ; diversion ; amusement ; 
 merriment. 
 
 She list nut he:ir, but her disports pursued ; 
 And ever bade liira staj, till tiiuc the tide renew'd. 
 
 Spenser. 
 His disports were ingenuous and manlike, where- 
 by' he always learned somewhat. 
 
 Havnard an Ed. A I. 
 She busied, heard the sound^ 
 Of rustling leaves ; but minded not, as us'd 
 To such disport before her through the field. 
 
 ' Millon. 
 
 To Dispo'rt. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 divert. 
 
 He often, but attended with weak guard. 
 Comes hunting this nay to disport himself. Shak. 
 
 To Dispo'rt. I'. ?i. To play ; to toy; to 
 wanton. 
 
 Fresh gales and gentle airs 
 ^\^lispcr'd it to the woods, and from their wings 
 Flung rose, flung odours, from the spicy shrub 
 Disportins ! Milton. 
 
 Loose to the winds their airy garments flew ; 
 The glittVinu textures of the filmy dew 
 Dipt in the richest tincture of the skies. 
 Where light disports in ever mingling dyes. Fajye. 
 
 Dispo'sAL. n.s. [from dispose.] 
 
 1. The act of disposing or regulating any 
 thing ; regulation ; dispensation ; distri- 
 bution. 
 
 Tax not divine disposal ; wisest men 
 Have err'd, and by bad women been deluded. 
 
 2. The power of distribution ; the right of 
 bestowing. 
 
 Are not the blessings both of this world and 
 the next in his disposal? Atlerbiiry. 
 
 3. Government; management ; conduct. 
 
 We sliall get more true and clear knowledge by 
 one rule, than by taking up principles, and there- 
 by putting our minds into the disposals of others. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Establishment in a new state ; dismis- 
 sion into new hands. 
 
 1 am called olf from public dissertations by a 
 domestick aftair of great importance, which is no 
 less than the di.«uosarof my sister Jenny for life. 
 Tatier, So. 75. 
 
 To DLSPO'SE. ti. a. [disposa; Fr. dis- 
 pono, Lat.] 
 
 1. To employ to various purposes ; to dif- 
 fuse. 
 
 Thus, whilst she did her various pow'r dispose, 
 The world was free from tyrants, wars, and woes. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. To give ; to place ; to bestow. 
 
 Yet see, when noble benefits shall prove 
 Not well dispos'd, the mind grown once corrupt. 
 They turn to vicious forms, ten times mure uj:ly 
 'I'han ever they were fair Shukesp. 
 
 Of what you gathered, as most your own, you 
 have disposed much in works of public piety. 
 
 Spratt. 
 
 5. To turn to any particular end or conse- 
 quence. 
 
 Endure, and conquer ; Jove will soon dispose 
 To future good our past and present woes. Dryd. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 D I S 
 
 4. To adapt ; to form for any purpose. 
 
 'i'hesc "hen the knights bel. eld, they 'gan dis- 
 pose 
 'J'hemselve.s to court, and each a damsel chose. 
 
 Spertser. 
 But if thee list unto the court to throng, 
 And there to haunt after the hoped prey, 
 I'hcn must thou thee dispose another way. 
 
 Uubberd's Tale. 
 
 5. To frame the mind ; to give a propen- 
 sion ; to incline: with to. 
 
 Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands 
 to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and me- 
 lancholy. Bacon. 
 
 The memory of what they liad suflfered, by 
 being without it, easily disposed them to do this. 
 
 Clarend. 
 He knew the seat of Paradise ; 
 
 An<l, as lie vvas dis])0s'd, could prove it 
 ■ lielow the moon, or else above it. Hndibras. 
 
 This disjioses meit to believe what it teaches, to 
 follow what it advises. Temple. 
 
 A man might do this now if he were malicious- 
 ly disposed, and had a mind to bring matters to 
 extremity. Drpden. 
 
 Although the frequency of prayer and fasting 
 may be of no cfiicacv to dispose CJod to be mcjre 
 gracious, yet it is orgreat use to dispose us to be 
 more t»bjects of bis grace. Smalridgc. 
 
 If mere moralists find themselves disposed to 
 pride, lust, intemperance, or avarice, they do not 
 think their morality concerned to check tuem. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 6. To make fit: with /or. 
 
 This may dispose me, perhaps, /or the reception 
 of truth ; but helps nie not to it. Locke. 
 
 7. To regulate ; to adjust. 
 
 Wak'd by the cries, th' Athenian chief arose 
 The knightly forms of combat to dispose. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 8. To dispose of. To apply to any pur- 
 pose ; to transfer to any other person or 
 use. 
 
 All men are naturally in a state of perfect free- 
 dom to order their actions, and dispose of their 
 possessions and persons, as they think fit, within 
 tlie bounds of the law of nature. Locke. 
 
 Dispose ci/'the meat with the butler, or any other 
 crony. Suift. 
 
 g. To dispose of. To put into the hands 
 of another. 
 
 As she is mine, I may dispose of her : 
 Which shall be either to this gentleman, 
 Or til her death. Shak. 
 
 I have disposed if her to a man of business, who 
 will let her see, that to be well dressed, in good 
 liumonr, and chearful iti her family, are the arts 
 and sciences of female lite. Tatlcr. 
 
 10. To dispose of. To give away by autho- 
 rity- 
 
 A rural judge dispos'd nf beauty's prize. 1( aller. 
 
 n. To dispose of. To direct. 
 
 The lot is cast into the lap ; but the whole dis- 
 posing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs. 
 12. To dispose of. To conduct ; to behave. 
 
 They nuist receive instructions bow to dispose 
 ef themselves when they conic, which must be in 
 the nature of laws unto them. Bacon to I'iliiers. 
 
 \3.To dispose of. To place in any condition. 
 
 For the remaining doubt, 
 What to resolve, and how dispose of me. 
 Be waru'd to cast that useless care aside. Dryd.Fnfi. 
 1 4. To dispose of. To put away by any 
 
 means. 
 
 Thev require more water than can be found, and 
 more tlian can be disposed of', if it was found. 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 To Dispose, iv n. To bargain ; to make 
 terms. Obsolete. 
 
 When she saw you did suspect 
 She had dispos'd with C.esar, and that your rage 
 WoiJd not be purg'd, she sent word she was dead. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Dispo'se. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Power; management; disjMjsal : with 
 at or to. 
 
 All that is mine I leave at thy i'upose ; 
 Aly goods, my lands, my reputation. Shakesp 
 It shall be my task 
 To render thee the PartAiaii at d'apcte. Millon. 
 Of all your goodness leaves to our ditpoie. 
 Our liberty* the only gift we cbusc. 
 
 Dryden't Indian Emperor 
 
 2. Distribution ; act of government ; dis- 
 pensation. 
 
 All is best, though oft we doubt 
 What th' unsearchaole ditjtose 
 
 Of highest wisdom brings about. 
 And ever best found in the cloie. Milt. Agcii. 
 
 3. Disposition ; cast of behaviour. Obsolete. 
 
 He lialh a person, and a smooth dispote, 
 To be suspected ; fram'd to make women false. 
 
 Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ; inclination. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 He carries on the stream of liis dispose 
 AViihout observance or respect of any. 
 In will peculiar. Shakesp. Trail and Crettula. 
 
 Dispo'ser. n.s. [from dispose] 
 
 1. Distributor; dispenser; bestower. 
 
 The magistrate is both the beggar and the dis- 
 poser of what is got by begginj;. 
 
 Graunt s Bills if Mortaiity. 
 
 2. Governor ; regulator ; director. 
 
 I think myself obliged, whatever my private 
 apprehensions may be of the success, to do niy 
 duty, and leave events to their disp,ver. Boyle. 
 
 All the reason of mankind cannot suggest any 
 solid ground of satisfaction, but in maknig that 
 God our friend, who is the absolute disposer of ail 
 things. South. 
 
 Would I had been disposer of thy stars. 
 
 Thou shouldst have had thy wisii, and died in 
 wars. Dryden. 
 
 3. One who takes from and gives to whom 
 he pleases. 
 
 But brandish'd high, in an ill omen'd hour, 
 To thee, proud Gaul, behold thy justest fear, 
 The master sword, disposer of thy pow'r. Prior. 
 
 DisPosi'noN. ti.s. [from dispositio,l^'L] 
 
 1. Order ; method ; distribution. 
 
 Touching musical harinonv, whether by instru- 
 ment or voice, it being of Itigh and low, in due 
 proportionable dispositinn, such notnitbstand'ing 
 is the force thereof, and so very pleasing effects 
 it hath, in that very part of man which is roost 
 divine, that some liavc been thereby induced to 
 think, that the soul itself l>y nature Is, or hath in 
 it, harmony. Hooker. 
 
 I'nder litis head of invention is placed the dis- 
 position of the work, to put all things in a beauti- 
 ful order and harmony, that the whole may t)e of 
 a piece. "Dryden's Dufresnoy, Preface. 
 
 I ask whether the connection of the extremes 
 be not more clearly seen, in this simple and natu- 
 ral disposition, than in lite perplexed repvtitions 
 and jumble of five or six syllogisms ? Locke. 
 
 2. Natural fitness ; quality. 
 
 Rel'rangibility of the rays of light is their liisfio- 
 sition to be refracted, or turned out of their way, 
 in passing out of one transparent body or medium 
 iuto another. Atfirt*?*. 
 
 3. Tentlency to any act or state. 
 
 This argueth a great disposition to putrefaction in 
 the soil and air. " Baooii'i -Vat. History. 
 
 Disjiosition is when the power and ability of do- 
 ing any thing is forward, and ready upon every 
 occasion to break into action. Locke. 
 
 Bleedins' is to he used or omitted according to 
 the synipti....! which affect the brain; il relieves 
 in any inflamraalory disposition of the coat of the 
 nerve. " Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 4. Temper of mind. 
 
 i.\ 545
 
 D I S 
 
 t li«ve suffered more for their sakes, more than 
 the villanous inconstancy of man's dispositiou is 
 »ble to bear. Shakesp. 
 
 Lesser had been 
 The lliwartings of your disposition, if 
 '^'ou had not shew*d tiiem how you were dispos'd, 
 Ere they lacli'd power to cross you. Shak. Coriol. 
 
 5. Affection of kindness or ill-will. 
 
 1 take myself to be as well inform'd as moat 
 men in the dispositions of each people towards the 
 other. SiviJ't. 
 
 6. Predominant inclination. 
 
 As they pinch one anotlier by the disposition, he 
 cries out, no more. Shakeip. Anih. and Cleopatra. 
 
 The love we bear to our friends is generally 
 caused by our hndjiig the same disposition in them 
 wliich we feel in ourselves. I'ope. 
 
 7. Assortment ; adjustment of external cir- 
 cumstances : not used. 
 
 I crave fit disposition for my wife, 
 Due reference of place and exhibition, 
 As levels with her breeding. Shukesv. Othello. 
 
 Dispo'siTivE. adj. [from dispose.] That 
 which implies disposal of any property ; 
 decretive. 
 
 The words of all judicial acts are written nar- 
 ratively, unless it be in sentences wherein disposi- 
 tive and enacting terms are made use of. 
 
 Aylifes Parergon. 
 
 Dispo'siTiVELY. adv. [from dispositive.] 
 
 1. In a dispositive manner. 
 
 2. Respecting individuals ; distributively. 
 
 That axiom in philosophy, that the generation 
 of one thing is the corruption of another, although 
 it be substantially true, concerning the form and 
 matter, is also dUpositively verified in the efficient 
 or producer. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Dispo'siTOR. n. s. [from dispose.] The 
 lord of that sign in which the planet is, 
 and by which therefore it is overruled. 
 
 To Disposse'ss. v. a. [dis and possess.] 
 
 1 . To put out of possession ; to deprive ; 
 to disseize. 
 
 The blow from saddle forced him to fly ; 
 Else might it needs down to his manly breast 
 Have cleft his head in twain, and life thence dis- 
 possest. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Thou shalt hold the opinion of PythaL'oras, ere 
 I will allow of thy wits ; and fear to kilf a wood- 
 cock, lest thou rfis;wssess the soul of thy yrandame. 
 Shakesp. Tuelflh Night. 
 Let us sit upon the ground, and tell 
 How some have been depos'd, some slain in war, 
 Some haunted by the ghosts they dispossess'd. 
 
 Shakesp. liichard II. 
 1 will chuse 
 Mine heir from forth the beggars of the world. 
 And dispossess her all. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 In thee I iiope ; thy succours I invoke. 
 To win the crown whence I am dispossess'd ; 
 
 For like renown awaitetli on the stroke. 
 To cast the haughty down, or raise th' oppress'd. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 The cliildren went to Gilead, and took it, and 
 dispossessed the Araorite which was in it. 
 
 Numb, xxxii. 39, 
 This inaccessible liigh strength, the scat 
 Of Deity supreme, us dispossess'd, 
 He trusted to have seiz'd. Milton. 
 
 Restless Amata lay 
 Fir'd witli disdain ior Turnus dispossesst. 
 And the new nuptials of the Trojan guest. 
 
 Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 2. It is generally used with of before the 
 thing taken away. 
 
 Charles resolved, with a puissant array, to 
 OTer, and to dispossess the pirate of Tunis. 
 Krwlles'i 
 
 pass 
 
 History. 
 
 D I S 
 
 No pow'r shall ditpoafsj 
 My thoughts n/'that expected happiness. 
 
 Denham 
 O fairest of all creatures, last and best 
 Of what heav'n made, how art thou dispossess'd 
 Of all thy native glories ! Uvd. State of Innocence. 
 Nothing can create more trouble to a man than 
 to endeavour to disjioisess him o/this conceit. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 3. Formerly with from. 
 
 They arrogate dominion undeserv'd 
 Over their brethren, and quite dispossess 
 Concord and law of nature from the earth. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 It will be found a work of no small difficulty to 
 dispossess and throw out a vice ^i-om that heart, 
 where long possession begins to plead prescrip- 
 'ion, South. 
 
 Dispo'suRE. n.s. [(rom dispose.] 
 
 1 . Disposal ; government ; power ; ma- 
 nagement. 
 
 In his disposure is the orb of earth. 
 The tlirone of kings, and all of human birth. 
 
 . Sand. 
 
 They quietly surrendered both it and themselves 
 to his disposure. Sandy's Joumei/. 
 
 Whilst they murmur against the present dispo- 
 sure of things, they do tacitly desire in them a 
 dittormity from the primitive rule, and the idea of 
 that mind that formed all things best. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 2. State; posture. 
 
 Thev remained in a kind of warlike disposure, 
 or perhaps little better. Wotton. 
 
 DispRA'iSE. n.s. [dis ani praise.] Blame; 
 censure ; dishonour. 
 
 If I can do it 
 By aught that I can speak in his dispraise, 
 She shall not long continue love to him. Shakesp. 
 
 To me reproach 
 Rather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise. Milton. 
 
 Nothing is here for tears, nothing to wail 
 Or knock the breasts ; no weakness; no contempt. 
 Dispraise, or blame. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 1 need not raise 
 Trophies to thee from other men's dispraise. 
 
 Denham. 
 Looks fright not men : the general has seen 
 Moors 
 With as bad faces ; no dispraise to Bertran's. 
 
 Oryden. 
 If any writer shall do this paper so much ho- 
 nour as to inscribe the title of it to others, the 
 whole praise or dUpraise of such a performance 
 will belong to some other author. Addison. 
 
 Bly faults will not be hid, and can be no dis- 
 praise to me that they will not ; the clearness of 
 one's mind is never better proved than in disco- 
 vering its own faults. Pope. 
 
 To DispRA'isE. V. a. [from the noun.] To 
 blame ; to censure ; to condemn. 
 In praising Antony, I've disprais'd Csesar. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 No abuse, Ned, in the world ; honest Ned, 
 none : I dispraised him before the wicked, that 
 the wicked might not fall in love with him ; in 
 which doing, I have done the part of a careful 
 friend. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 The criticks, while they like my wares, may 
 dispraise my writing. Spectator. 
 
 Dispka'iser. n.s. [from dispraise.] A 
 censurer ; one who blames. Diet. 
 
 Dispra'isible. adj. [from dispraise.] 
 Unworthy of commendation. Diet. 
 
 DispRAi'siNGLY. adv. [from dispraise.] 
 With blame ; with censure. 
 
 ]\Iicliael Cassio ! 
 That came a wooing with you : many a time. 
 When I have spoke of you dispraisinglii. 
 Hath ta'en your part. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 To DisPREAD. V. a. [dis and spread.] To 
 
 D I S 
 
 spread different ways. In this word, 
 and a few others, dis has the same force 
 as in Latin composition, and means, dif- 
 ferent ways ; in different directions. 
 This word is poetical. 
 
 As morning sun her beams dispreaden clear. 
 And in her face fair truth and mercy doth appear. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Over him art, striving to compare 
 With nature, did an arbour green dispread. 
 
 Framed of wanton ivy, flowing fair, 
 Through which the fragrant eglantine did spread 
 His prickhig arms, entrail'd with roses red. 
 
 Spetuer. 
 ^ Above, below, around, with art dispread. 
 The sure enclosure folds the genial bed. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Dispro'fit. n. s. [dis and profit.] Loss; 
 damage; detriment. Diet. 
 
 Disproof. M. «. [dis and proof .\ Con- 
 futation ; conviction of errour or false- 
 hood. 
 
 His remark contains the grounds of his doctrine, 
 and offers at somewhat towards tlie disproof of 
 mine. Atterbury. 
 
 I need not offer any thing farther in support of 
 one, or in disproof of the otner. Rogers. 
 
 To DispRo'PERTY. V. a. [dis and pro- 
 perty ^^ To dispossess of any property. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Dispropo'rtion. n. s. [dis and proper' 
 tion.] Unsuitableness in form or quan- 
 tity of one thing, or one part of the 
 same thing, to another; want of sym- 
 metry ; disparity. 
 
 Not to affect many proposed matches 
 Of her own clime, complexion, and degree. 
 Whereto we see in all tilings nature tends ; 
 Fob ! one may smell, in such, a will most rank. 
 Foul disproportion, thoughts unnatural. 
 
 Shakesp. Othello. 
 Reasoning, I oft admire 
 How nature, wise and frugal, could commit 
 Such disproportiojis ; with superfluous hand 
 So many nobler bodies to create. 
 Greater, so many fold, to this one use. Milton. 
 Perhaps, from greatness, state and pride. 
 Thus surprised, she may fall : 
 
 Sleep docs disproportion hide. 
 And, death resembling, equals all. Waller 
 
 For their strength. 
 The disproportion is so great, we cannot but 
 Expect a fatal consequence. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 What did the liquid to th' assembly call. 
 To give their aid to foi-m the pond'rous ball.' 
 First tell us, why did any come ? next, why 
 In such a disproportion to the dry ? 
 
 Blackmorc's Creation. 
 That we are designed for a more exalted hap- 
 
 ftiness than can be derived from the things of this 
 ifc, we may infer from their vast disproportion to 
 the desires and capacities of our soul. Rogers 
 
 To Dispropo'rtion. v. a. [from the 
 noun.] To mismatch ; to join things 
 unsuitable in quantity or form ; to join 
 unfitly. 
 
 There sits deformity to mock my body. 
 
 To shape my legs of an unequal size, 
 To disproportion me in every part. Shakesp. 
 
 Distance and men's fears have so enlarged the 
 truth, and so dispropoi-tioned eveiy thing, that we 
 have made the little troop of discontents a gallant 
 army, and already measured by the evening sha- 
 dow. .Suckling. 
 
 Musick craveth your acquaintance : many are 
 of such disproportioned spirits, that they avoid her 
 company. Peacham. 
 
 We on earth, with undiscording voice. 
 May rightly answer that melodious noise ; 
 As once we did, till disproportion' d sin 
 Jarr'd against nature's chime, Milton. 
 
 545
 
 D I S 
 
 DisPROPo'rtionable. adj. [from dis- 
 proportion.] Unsuitable in form or 
 quantity ; not duly regulated in regard 
 to something else. 
 
 Doubls and fears arc the sliarpcst passions : 
 through these false opticks all that you see is liiie 
 the evening sliadows, disprnportioriabte to the truth, 
 and strangely longer tliaii the true substance. 
 
 Suckling. 
 
 Had the ohhquity been greater, the earth had 
 not been able to endure the dispropoi-tionabte dif- 
 ferences of season. lirowtt. 
 
 We are apt to set too great a value on temporal 
 blessings, and have too low and disproportionabU 
 esteem of spiritual. Smatridge. 
 
 There is no wine of so strong a bod^ as to bear 
 such a disproportioitubte qviantity of water as sixty 
 parts. Broome. 
 
 Dispropo'rtionableness. w. s. [from 
 disproparlionablei] Unsuitableness to 
 something else. 
 
 Dispropo'rtionably. adv. [from dis- 
 proportion.] Unsuitably ; not symme- 
 trically. 
 
 We have no reason to think much to sacrlhce to 
 God f'ur dearest ii\tere5ts in this world, if we con- 
 sider Iiow disproportionablii great the reward of our 
 sufferings shall be in another. TiUctson. 
 
 DiSPROPORTiONAL. ndj. [from dispro- 
 portion.] Disproportionable ; unsym- 
 metrical ; unsuitable in quantity or form 
 to something else. 
 
 Dispropo'rtionally. adv. [from dis- 
 proporlional.] Unsuitably with respect 
 to quantit}' or value. 
 
 Disproportionate, adj. [from dispi-o- 
 portion.] Unsymmetrical ; unsuitable 
 to something else either in bulk, form, 
 or value. 
 
 None of our members are crooked or distorted, 
 or disproportionate to the rest, either in excess or 
 defect. Rat/, 
 
 It is plain that men have agreed to a dispropor- 
 tionate and unequal possession of the earth. Loc/ce. 
 
 Dispropo'rtionately. adv. [from dis- 
 proportionate. Unsuitably ; unsymine- 
 Irically. 
 Dispropo'rtionateness. n.s. [from 
 disproportionate.] Unsuitableness in 
 bulk, form, or value. 
 To Disprove, r. a. [dis and prove.] 
 1. To confute an assertion ; to convict of 
 errour or falsehood. 
 
 This exposition they plainly disprove, and shew 
 by manifest reason, that of "David the words of 
 David could not possibly be meant. Hooker. 
 
 This \^'est^loreland maintains. 
 And Warwick sliall disprove it. Shahesp. 
 
 The traitor's odious name 
 I first return, and then disprove thv claim. 
 
 l>ryden's Fables. 
 
 It is easier to allfirm than to disprove. Holder. 
 
 That false supposition I advanced in order to 
 
 disprove it, and by that means to prove the truth 
 
 of my doctrine. .'ttterhnry. 
 
 We see the same assertions produced again, 
 
 \vithuut notice of what hath been said to disprove 
 
 them. Huiji. 
 
 ■2. To convict a practice of errour. 
 
 They behold those things disproved, disannulled, 
 and rejected, which use nad made in a manner 
 natural. Hooker. 
 
 If God did not forbid all indilferent ceremo- 
 nies, then our conformity with the church of Rome 
 in some such is not hitherto as yet disproved, al- 
 though papists were unto us as heathen', were 
 unto Israel. Hooker. 
 
 S. To disapprove ; to disallow. 
 
 Some things are good, yet in so mean a degree 
 
 D I S 
 
 of goodness, that men are oul^- not disproved, nor 
 disalluwed of God fur theni. Hooker. 
 
 DispRo'vER, n.s. [from disprove.'] 
 
 1. One that disproves or confutes. 
 
 2. One that blames ; a censurer : if the 
 following passage be not ill printed for 
 disapprover, 
 
 Tiie single example that our annah have yield- 
 ed of two extremes, within so ihort time, by most 
 of the same commenders and disprovers, would 
 require no slight memorial. Wotton. 
 
 Dispu'nishable. adj. [dis and punisha- 
 ble.] Without penal restraint. 
 
 No leases of any part of the said lands shall 
 ever be made, other than leases for years not ex- 
 ceeding thirty-one, in possession, and not in re- 
 version or remainder, and not di^unishabte of 
 waste. Sii-yt's Last Will 
 
 To Dispu'rse. r. a. [dis and purse.] To 
 pay ; to disburse. It is not certain that 
 the following passage should not be 
 written disburse. 
 
 IMany a pound of my own proper store, 
 Because 1 would not tax the needy commons. 
 Have 1 disbursed to the garrisons. 
 And never ask'd for restitution. Shak. Hen. VI. 
 
 Dispu'table. adj. [from dispute.] 
 
 1. Liable to contest; controvertible; that 
 for which something may be alleged on 
 opposite sides. 
 
 If the}' are not in themselves disputable, why 
 are they so much disputed ? South. 
 
 2. Lawful to be contested. 
 
 Until any point is determined to be a law, it 
 
 remains disputable by every subject. Suift. 
 
 Di'spUTANT. n.s. [from dispute; dispu- 
 
 tans, Lat.] A controvertist ; an arguer ; 
 
 a reasoner. 
 
 Notwithstandincr tliesc learned disputants, it was 
 to the unscholasticK. statesman that the world owed 
 their peace, defence, and liberties. lA>che. 
 
 Our (((s/>»ffl7i(s put me iu mind of the skuttle 
 fish, that, when lie is unable to extricate himself, 
 blackens all the water about him till he becomes 
 invisible. Spectator. 
 
 Disputant, adj. Disputing ; engaged 
 in controversy. Not in use. 
 
 Thou there wast found 
 Among the gravest rabbles, disputant 
 On points and questions fitting ftloses' chair. Mi7(. 
 Disputa'tion. n, s. [from disputatio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 , The skill of controversy ; argumentation. 
 
 Consider what the learning of disputation is. and 
 how they are emphtyed for tlie advantage of them- 
 • selves or others, whose business is only the vain 
 ostentation of sounds. Locke. 
 
 2, Controversy ; argumental contest. 
 
 Well do I find, hy the wise knitting together of 
 your answer, that any rfi5;»N/(i(iim I can use is as 
 much too weak as I unworthy. Sidneij. 
 
 Till some admirable or unusual accident hap- 
 pens, as it hath in some, to work the beginning of 
 a better alteration in the mind, disputation about 
 the knowledge of God commonly prevaileth little. 
 
 Htwker. 
 
 Disputa'tious. adj. [from disputt.] In- 
 clined to dispute ; cavilling. 
 
 A man nnist he of a very iHsjiutatious temper, 
 that enters into state controversies with any of tlie 
 fair sex. Addis*yi. 
 
 Disputative. ndj. [from dispute.] Dis- 
 posed to debate ; argumentative. 
 
 Perhaps this practice nii^lit not so easily be 
 pen'erted, as to raise a cavilling, rfi.«pHf(ifiir, and 
 sceptical temper in the minds of youth. 
 
 ir(j((s's Improvement of the Mind. 
 
 To DISPUTE, r. n. [disputo, IM.] To 
 contend by argument ; to altercate ; to 
 debate ; to argue ; to controvert. 
 
 D I S 
 
 If attempts of the pen have often proved unfit, 
 those of the sword are more w, and fii^htiue is a 
 worse expedient than disputing. Decaijof Pictv. 
 The atheist can pretend no obligation <>( con- 
 science, why he sliould dispute against reliffion. 
 
 TtUvtirn. 
 Did not Paul and Hamabas ditpute with veh*-- 
 racocc about a very little point of conveniency r 
 
 Aitertntrw. 
 
 To Dispu'te. I'.fl. 
 
 1. To contend for, whether by words or 
 action. 
 
 Things were disjmtcd before they came to be de- 
 termined : men afterwards were' not to dispute 
 any longer, but to obey. Hooker. 
 
 So dispute the prize. 
 As if you fought before C^'daria's eyes. 
 
 Druden't Indian Emperor. 
 
 One sa\'5 the kingdom is his own : a oaxon 
 
 drinks the quart, and swears he'll dispute that with 
 
 him. Tatlcr. 
 
 2. To question ; to reason about. 
 
 Now I am sent, and am not to dispute 
 My prince's orders, but to execute. l>n/d./n<i.Emp. 
 
 :). To discuss ; to think on : a sense not in 
 use. 
 
 Dispute it like a man. 
 — " ^I shall do so ; 
 But I must also feel It as a man. Shakes}). ^lacb. 
 
 Dispu'te. ti. *. [from the verb.] Contest; 
 controversy ; argumental contention. 
 
 The qiiestion being about a fact, it is begging 
 it, to bring as a proof an hypothesis which is the 
 very thing iu dispute, Locke. 
 
 'the earth is now placed so conTenicntly, that 
 plants tlirive and flourish in it, and anlmafs live : 
 this is matter of fact, and beyond all dispute. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Dispu'teless. adj. [from dispute.] Un- 
 disputed ; uncontrovertible. Diet. 
 Dispu'ter. n. s. [from dispute.] A con- 
 trovertist ; one given to argument and 
 opposition. 
 
 Both were vehement disputers against the hea- 
 then idolatry. Stdlinejleet. 
 
 These conclusions have generally obtained, and 
 have been acknowledged even by disputers ihenx' 
 selves, till with labour thry had stifled their con- 
 victions. Ri^gen. 
 
 Disqualifica'tiox. n.s. [from disqua- 
 iij)/.] That which disqualifies ; that 
 which makes unfit. 
 
 It \$ recorded as a sufHcient diiqualijication of a 
 wife, that, speaking of her husband, sle said, 
 God forgive him. .Spectator. 
 
 To Disqua'lify, r. a. [dis and qualify.] 
 
 1. To make unfit ; to disable by some na- 
 tural or legal impediment. 
 
 Such persons as shall confer benefices on mi- 
 
 worthy and disqualified persons, after a notice or 
 
 correction given, shall for that turn be deprived 
 
 of the power of presenting unto such bencnces. 
 
 Avli^e's Parergon. 
 
 2. It has commonly /or before the objec- 
 tive noun. 
 
 I know no cmplovment for which piety dii*jiia- 
 lifics. ' _ . Suift. 
 
 M\ common illness utterly disqualifies me for 
 all conversation ; I mean my deafness. Stcijt. 
 
 3. To deprive of a right or claim by seme 
 positive restriction ; to disable ; to ex- 
 cept from any grant. Swift has from. 
 
 The church of England is the only body of 
 Christians which disqualifies those, who are em- 
 ployed to preach its doctrine, from sharing in the 
 civil power, farther than as senators. 
 
 Su-'ft on the Sacramental Teft. 
 
 To DiSQUANTlTY. r. a. [dis and quan- 
 titi/.] To lessen ; to diminish. Not used. 
 
 547
 
 D I 5 
 
 Be entreated 
 Of fifty to dhquantitif your train ; 
 And the rcmaiiuiers," that shall still depend, 
 To be such men as may besort your age. Sliakcsp 
 
 Disqui'et. 71. s. [dis and qiiht.] Unea- 
 siness ; restlessness; want of tranquilli- 
 ty ; vexation ; disturbance ; anxiety. 
 
 He that, upon a true principle, lives wiihout 
 any disiiuict of thought, may be said to be liappy. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 Tf we give way to our passions, we do but gra- 
 tify ourselves fur' the present, in order to our fu- 
 ture (iisijniet. _ Tillotson. 
 I had rather live in Ireland than under the fre- 
 quent disquiets of hearing you are out of order. 
 
 Sirif't. 
 
 Disqui'et. adj. Unquiet; uneasy ; rest- 
 less. 
 
 1 pray you, husband, be not so disquiet ; 
 Tlie meat was well if you were so content. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 To Disqui'et. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 disturb; to make uneasy; to harass; to 
 vex; to fret; to deprive of tranquillity. 
 
 The proud Roman him disquieted. Fairy Queen. 
 
 'Wh3' art tliou so vexed, O my soul? and why 
 art thou so disquieted within me r Psatm. 
 
 iiy anger and impatience the mind hdisquieted, 
 and is not able easily to compose itself to prayer. 
 
 Vitppa, 
 Thou, liappy creature, art secure 
 
 From all tlie turments we endure ; 
 
 Despair, ambition, jealousy, 
 
 Lost friends, nor love, disquiets thee. Roscom, 
 
 Disqui'eter. n. s. [from disquiet.] A 
 disturber ; a harasser. 
 
 DiSQUlETLY. adv. [from disquiet.] With- 
 out rest ; anxiously; uneasily ; without 
 calmness. 
 
 Treacher^', and all ruinous disorders, follow us 
 disguietl}] to our graves. Shakesj). King Lear. 
 
 He rested di^quietly that night ; but in the morn- 
 ing I found him calui. Wiseman. 
 
 Disqui'etness, n.s. [from disquiet.] Un 
 easiness; restlessness ; anxiety; disturb 
 ance. 
 
 Ail otherwise, said he, I riches rede. 
 And deem them root of all disquietness. Fairy Q 
 
 Arius won to himself both tollowers and ereat 
 defenders ; whereupon much disquietness ensued. 
 
 Hooker 
 
 Disqui'etude. n. s. [from disquiet.] Un- 
 easiness ; anxiety ; disturbance ; want of 
 
 tranquillity. 
 
 Little liappiness attends a great character, and 
 to a multitude of disquietudes the desire of it sub- 
 jects an ambitious mind. Addis(m^s Spectator. 
 
 'Tis the best preservative from all those temj)o- 
 ral fears and disquietudes, which corrupt the en- 
 joyment, and embitter the lives, of men. Rogers 
 
 Disquisition, n. s. [disquisifio, Lat.] 
 Examination ; disputative enquir}'. 
 
 God hath reserved many things to his own re- 
 solution, whose deterniina'.ions we cainiot hope 
 from rie^h : but with reverence must suspend unto 
 that great day, whose justice shall either Cundenin 
 our curiusity, or resolve our disqui^iitions. Brown. 
 
 'Tis itideed the proper place for this disquisition 
 concerning the antediluvian earth. 
 
 Woodward^s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Tiie royal society had a good etftct, as it turned 
 many of the greatest geniuses of that age to the 
 disunisitions of natural knowledge. ylc/c/w. Spectator. 
 
 'J'he nature of animal diet may he discovered 
 by taste, and other sensible qualities* and some 
 general rules, without particular disijuiiiVfim upon 
 every kind. Arbulhiwt. 
 
 To Disra'nk. v. a. [dis and i-ank.] To 
 degrade from his rank. Diet. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Disrega'rd. 71. s. [dis and jrgard.] 
 Slight notice ; neglect ; contempt. 
 
 To Diskega'RD. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To slii^ht; to neglect; to contemn. 
 
 Since we are to ilo good to the poor, to stran- 
 gers, to enemies, those whom nature is too ajit to 
 make us dcsp'nv, disregard, or hate, then undoubt- 
 edly we are (o do good to all. Spratt. 
 
 'J hose fasts w Inch (Jud halli disregarded hither- 
 to, he may regard for the time to ci>me. Smalridge. 
 
 Studious of good, nrdn disregarded fame. 
 And useful knowledge wiis his ehlest ■d'un.Blackm. 
 
 D I s R EG a'rd FUL. adj. [disirgatul antl 
 full.] Neoligent; contemptuous. 
 
 Disrega'rdi-'ully, adv. [from disirgard- 
 fitl.] Negligently ; contemptuously. 
 
 DiSRE'Lisrt. 71. s. [dis and vt^Iish.] 
 
 1. Bad taste; nauseousntss. 
 
 Oft they assay 'd, 
 Hunger and thirst constraining ; drugg'd as oft 
 With halefullest d-srelish, writh'd theTrjaws 
 With soot and cijiders iill'd. Milton. 
 
 2. Dislike of the palate ; squeamishness. 
 
 Bread or tobacco may be neglected, where they 
 are shewn not to be useful to health, because of 
 an indifferency or disrelish to tliem. Locke. 
 
 To Disre'lish. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1, To make nauseous ; to infect with an 
 unpleasant taste. 
 
 Fruits of taste (o please 
 
 True appetite, and not disrelish thirst 
 
 Of nectarous draughts between, from milky 
 
 stream. Milton. 
 
 The same anxiety and solicitude that embittered 
 
 the pursuit, disrelishes ihe fruition itself. Rogers. 
 
 2. To want a taste of; to dislike. 
 
 The world is become too busy for me : every 
 body is so concerned for the publick, that all 
 private enjoyments are lost, or disrelished. Pope. 
 
 Disreputa'tion. 71. s. [dis and irpuf a ' 
 tion.] 
 
 1 . Disgrace ; dishonour. 
 
 I will tell you wliat was the course in the happy 
 days of queen Elizabeth, whom it is no disreputa- 
 tion to follow. Bacon. 
 
 2. Loss of reputation ; ignominy. 
 
 The king fearing lest that the bad success might 
 discourage his people, and bring (/(srf^;7H(afion to 
 himself, forbad any report to he made. Haifward. 
 
 Gluttony is not of so great disreputation anniUiist 
 men as drunkenness. Taylor's Holy Livirig. 
 
 Disrepu'te. ?i. s. [dis and irpute.] Ill 
 character ; dishonour ; want of reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 How studiously did they cast a slur upon the 
 king's person, and bring his governing principles 
 under a disrepute. South. 
 
 Disre'spect. h. s. [dis and 7'cspect-] In- 
 civility ; want of reverence ; irrever- 
 ence ; an act approaching to rudeness. 
 
 An3' disrespect to acts of state, or to the persons 
 of statesmen, was in no time more penal. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Aristotle writ a methodical discourse concerninir 
 these arts, chusing a certain benellt before the ha- 
 zard that might accrue from the vain disrespects of 
 ignorant persons. IVdhins. 
 
 W hat is more usual to warrionrs than impatience 
 of bearing the least atlVont or disrespect ? Pope. 
 
 Disrespe'ctful. adj. [disrespect and 
 JnlL] Irreverent ; uncivil. 
 
 Disrespectfully, adv. [from di^rc- 
 speetful.] Irreverently; uncivilly. 
 
 We cannot believe our posterity will think so 
 disrespectfully of their great grandmothers, as that 
 tlie}" made tliemselves monstrous to apjiear ami- 
 able, Addison's Spectator. 
 
 D I S 
 
 To Disrobe, v. a. [dis and robe.] To 
 undress ; to uncover ; to strip. 
 
 Thus wlien tlic^' hud tlie witch disrcpfterf quitt., 
 Am'J :i11 her filthy feature open shown, 
 1 hey let her go at will, and wander ways un- 
 known, denser. 
 Kill the villain straight. 
 Disrobe him of the matchless monument. 
 Thy father's triumph o'er the savages. 
 
 Shakcsp. King John. 
 
 These two great |ieers were disrobed of their 
 
 glory, the one by j udgnient, the other by violence. 
 
 Wotlon. 
 Who will Le prevailed with to disrobe himself :it 
 OTicc of all his old opinions, anti pretences to know- 
 ledge and learning, ai[d turn himself out stark 
 naked in quest afresh of new notions ? Locke. 
 
 Disruption. 71. s. [disnipdo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . 'J'he act of breaking asunder. 
 This secures lliem from disruption, which they 
 
 would be iii danger of, upon a sudden stretch or 
 contortion. Rati. 
 
 2. Breach; rent; di laceration. 
 
 The agent wiiich effected this disruption, and 
 dislncatiou of the strata, was seated witiiin the 
 earth. _ _ IVoodward. 
 
 If raging winds invade the atmosphere, 
 Their force its curious texture cannot tear. 
 Nor make disruption in the threads of air. Blachm. 
 
 Dissatisfa'ction. n.s. [dis and satis- 
 faction.] The state of being dissatisfied ; 
 discontent ; want of something to com- 
 plete the wish. 
 
 He that clianges his condition, out of impa- 
 tience and dissatisfactiitn, when he has tl'ted a new 
 one, wishes for his old again. J.' Estrange. 
 
 The ambitious man has little happiness, but is 
 subject to raucli uneasiness and dissatisjaction. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 In vain we try to remedy the defects of our ac- 
 quisition, by varying the'object : the same dissa- 
 tisfaction i>ursues us through the circle of created 
 goods. Rogers. 
 
 Dissatisfa'ctoeiness. 71. s. [from dis- 
 sat is/act or I/.] Inability to give content. 
 
 Dissatisfactory, adj. [from dissatisfy ] 
 That which is unable to give content. 
 
 To Dissatisfy, v. a. [rfj^and satisfy.] 
 
 1. To discontent ; to displease. 
 
 The advantages of life will not hold out to the 
 
 length of desire ; and, since the^y are not big 
 
 enough to satisfy, they should not be big enough 
 
 to dissutisfxj. ' Collier. 
 
 ■2. To fail to please ; to offend by the want 
 of something requisite. 
 
 I still retain some of my notions, after vour 
 lordship's having appeared dissatisfied with tfiera. 
 
 Locke. 
 Tc DISSE'CT. V. a. [disseco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To cut in pieces. It is used chiefly of 
 anatomical enquiries, made by separa- 
 tion of the parts of animal bodies. 
 
 No mask, no trick, no favour, no reserve ; 
 Dissect your mind, examine every nerve. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Following life in creatures we dissect. 
 We lose it in tlie moment we detect. Pope, 
 
 2. To divide and examine minutely. 
 
 This paragraph, that has not one ingenuous 
 word ihrougliout, I have dissected for a sample. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 Disse'ction. 71, s. [dissectio. Lat] 
 J . The act of separating the parts of ani- 
 mal bodies : anatomy. 
 
 She cut her up ; but, upon llie dissection, found 
 
 her just like other hens. UEstrange, 
 
 I shall enter upon the dissection of a coquet's 
 
 548
 
 D 1 S 
 
 heart, andcomnmnifatc tlmt curious jiifce of ana- 
 tomy. Addis'm. 
 
 2. Nice examination. 
 
 Sucii strict enquiries into nature, so true and so 
 perfect a dissection of human kind, h the wurk of 
 extraordinary diligence. GrHmiUe. 
 
 To DISSEIZE. V. fl. [dissciscvy Fr.] To 
 dispossess ; to deprive. It is commonly 
 used of a legal act. 
 
 He so disseized of his griping gross. 
 The kniiiht his thrillant spear afzain assay'd 
 Ifi his bruss-|ilat'.'d body toeinhoss. Fairy Q}iccn. 
 
 If a prince should give a man, besides his an- 
 cient patriinonv whicli his family hud been dis- 
 seized of, an additional estate, never before in the 
 possession of iii^anccstors, he could not be said to 
 re-estabiisb lineal succession. Locke. 
 
 Disse'isjn. r. *. [from disseisir, Fr.] An 
 unlawful dispossessing a man of his land, 
 tenement, or other immoveable or incor- 
 poreal right. Coiveil. 
 
 Disseizor, n. s. [from disseize,] He 
 that dispossesses another. 
 
 To DISSE'MBLE. v. a. Ulissimulo, Lat. 
 stmhlancej dissemblance, and probably 
 dissembler, in old French.] 
 
 1. To hide under false appearance ; to con- 
 ceal ; to pretend that not to be which 
 really is. 
 
 She answered, that her soul was God's; and 
 touchini; her faith, as she could not change, so 
 she would not dissemble it. Hat/ward. 
 
 2. To pretend that to be which is not* 
 This is not the true signification. 
 
 Your son Luccntio 
 Doth love my daughter, and she loveth him, 
 Or both dissemble deeply their atfections. Shakesp, 
 
 In vain on the dissembled mother's tongue 
 Had cunning art and sly persuasion Iiung; 
 And real care in vain, and native love, 
 lii the true parent's panting breast had strove. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To Disse'mble. r. n. 
 
 1. To play the hypocrite; to use false 
 professions ; to wheedle. 
 
 Ye dissembled in your hearts when ye sent me 
 unto the Lord your God, saying, Pray for us. 
 
 Jeremiah xHi. 20. 
 
 I would dissemble with my nature, where 
 My fortunes, and my friends, at stake, requir'd 
 I should do so in hoiionr. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Thy function too will varnish o'er our arts, 
 And sanctif3' dissembling. Uoues Amb. Stepm. 
 
 2. Shakespeare uses it for fraudulent; un- 
 performing, 
 
 I that am curtaii'd of this fair proportion, 
 Cheated of feature by dissembling nature, 
 Deform'd, unliiiisird. Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 Dissembler, n s. [from dissemble.] An 
 hypocrite ; a man who conceals his true 
 disposition. 
 
 Thou dost wrong me, thou dissembler, thou. 
 
 Shahe^p. 
 
 The French king, in the business of peace, was 
 the greater dissembler of the two. Bac. Henry VII. 
 
 Such an one, whose virtue furbiddetli liini to be 
 base and adissemblcr, shall evermore hang under 
 the wheel. Raleigh. 
 
 The queen, with rage inflam'd, 
 Thus greets him : Thou di«enifc/er, wouldst tliou tly 
 Out of my arms by stealth ? Venham. 
 
 ftlen will trust no fartlierthan thej* judge a per- 
 son for sincerity lit to be trusted : a discovered 
 dissembler can acjiieve nothing great and conside- 
 able. South. 
 
 Disse'mblingly. ode. [from dissemble,] 
 With dissimulation ; hypocritically. 
 
 They might all have been either dissemblinglu 
 spoken, or falsely reported of the equity uf the 
 barbarous king. 'Knollcs. 
 
 D I S 
 
 To DISSE'MINATE. v. a. [dissemino, 
 
 Lat.] To scatter as seed ; to sow ; to 
 spread every way. 
 
 Ill uses are made of it many times in stirring up 
 seditions, rebellions, in disseminating of heresies, 
 ai.d infusing of jirejudices. 
 
 }{ammond's Fundamentab. 
 
 There is a nearly unifurni and constai.t fire or 
 heat disseminated triroughout the body of the earth. 
 
 Wooduard. 
 
 The Jews are indeed dissemiTutted through all 
 the trading parts of the world. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 By lirnmess of mi:id, and freedom of spCL-ch. 
 the gospel was disseminated at first, and nmst still 
 be maintained. AtUrbury. 
 
 Dissemina'tion. n, s. [disseminalio, 
 Lat.] The act of scattering like seed ; 
 the act of sowing or spreading. 
 
 Though now at the greatest distance from tlio 
 beginning of errour, yet we are almost lost in its 
 dissemination, whose ways are boundless, and con- 
 fess no circurascrijJtion. Broun. 
 
 DissKMi^A'r OR. n.s.[disseminalor,Lat.] 
 He that scatters ; a scatterer ; a sower ; a 
 spreader. 
 
 IVIen, vehemently thirsting after a name in the 
 world, hope to actjuire it by being the dissemina- 
 tors of novel doctrines. ^Decay of Fittx]. 
 
 DISSENSION, n, s. [dissensio, Lat.] Dis- 
 agreement; strife; discord; contention; 
 difference; quarrel; breach of union. 
 
 Friend now, fast sworn. 
 Whose hours, whose bed, whose meal, whose ex- 
 ercise, 
 Are still together ; who twine, as 'twere, in love 
 Unseparal)!e, shall within this hour, 
 On a dissension of a doit, break out 
 To bitterest enmity. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Now join your hands, and with your hands your 
 hearts, 
 That no dissension liinder government. Shakesp. 
 He appeased the dissensum then arising about 
 religion. Knolks. 
 
 Grown 
 In wealth and multitude, factious they grow ; 
 But first among the priests dissension springs. Milt. 
 
 Debates, dissensions, uproars are th3' joy ; 
 Provok'd without offence, and practis'd to de- 
 stroy. Dryden. 
 
 Disse'nsious. r/f//.[from dissension.] Dis- 
 posed to discord ; quarrelsome ; factious; 
 contentioug. 
 
 Either in religion they have a rfissensjoui head, 
 or ill the commonwealth a factious head. 
 
 Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 "Who are they that complain unto the king 
 That 1 am stern ? Xliey love his grace but lightly. 
 That fill his ears with such dissensions rumours. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 You dissensions rogues. 
 That nibbing the poor itch of your opinion. 
 Make yourselves scabs. hihakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 To DISSE'NT. I', n. [dissc7itio, Lat.] 
 L To disagree in opinion; to think in a 
 contrary manner. 
 
 Let me not be any occasion to defraud the pub- 
 lick of what is best, by any morose or perverse 
 disscntings. f^ing Charles. 
 
 What cruelty of heathens has not been match- 
 ed by the inlmnianity of dissenting Christians ^ 
 
 Decay of Pictij. 
 
 There arc many opinions in which multitudes 
 oi men dissent from u^, who are as good and wise 
 as ourselves. Addison. 
 
 2. lo differ; to be of a contrary nature. 
 
 Wc see a general agreement in the secret opi- 
 nion of men, that every luan ought to embrace 
 the reli>.'ion wliicli is true, and to shun, as hurt- 
 ful, whattver dissinteth from it, but that niiist 
 which duth furihest dissent. Hooker. 
 
 3. To differ from the established church. 
 
 D I S 
 
 How will dutenting brrthren relisK ? 
 Whiit will iiliili^rtHiitb sav '' Hudibrmg. 
 
 Disse'nt. 71. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Disagreement ; difference of opinion ; 
 deciar.ition of difference of opinion. 
 
 In propusitions, ^«herc though the |>ro«jf, in view 
 are of most niunient, ^et there are grounds to 
 suspect that there is prf)of a, considerable to be 
 produced on the contrary side ; there suspen.'-f 
 or dissent arc voluntary actions. UKke. 
 
 Wtiat could be the reason of this general dissent 
 from the notion of the rcsunectioii, seeing iliiit 
 uliuost all of them did iKlievc tlie iiniuortalitN \<f 
 the soul ? Benllcy's Scrmi'iu. 
 
 2. Contrariety of nature ; opposite quality. 
 
 Not in use. 
 
 The tlisscntx of the menstrual or strong water, 
 may hinder the incorporation, as well as the dis- 
 sent of the metals. Therefore where the menstrua 
 are the same, and yet the incorporation foiloweth 
 not, the dissent is in the metals. Baciii. 
 
 Dissenta'neous. adj. [fiom dissent ] 
 Disagreeable ; inconsistent ; contrar)-. 
 
 Dissr'.nter. n.s. [i'rom dissent.] 
 
 I. One that disagrees, or declares his dis- 
 agreement, from an opinion. 
 
 Tliey will admit of matltr of fact, and acrte 
 with dissenters in that ; but diller only in assign- 
 ing of rcdscjns. Lxke. 
 
 "2. One who, for whatever reasons, refuses 
 tlie communion of tlie English church. 
 
 Disserta'tion. 7i. i. [dissatatio, Lat.] 
 A discourse ; a disquisition : a treatise. 
 
 Plutarch, in his di.vertation upon the Pcets, 
 (juotcs an iiistance of Homer's judgment in clos- 
 ing a ludicrous scene with decency and instruc- 
 tion. Droome rni the Odyssen. 
 
 To Disse'rve. V. a. [dis and sirve.] To 
 do injury to ; to mischief; to damage ; 
 to htirt ; to harm. 
 
 Having never done the king the least serrice, 
 lie took the (irst opportunity to disseite him, ai.d 
 engased against hira from "the beginning of the 
 rebellion. Cturendm. 
 
 Desires of things of this world, by their ten- 
 dency, promote or diisene our interests in ano- 
 ther. Hogert. 
 
 Disse'rvice. «. s. [rfis and 40Tif f .] In- 
 jury ; mischief; ill tm-n. 
 
 AVe shall rather perform good offices unto truth, 
 than any dissertice unto relaters who have well 
 deserved. Broirn. 
 
 Great sicknesses make a sensible alteration, 
 but smaller indispositions do a proportionablerfis- 
 scyviee. Collier. 
 
 DissE'RVlCEABLE. adj. [from disservice.] 
 Injurious ; mischievous ; hurtful. 
 
 DlSSEUVlCEABl.ENESS. 71. i. [from dis- 
 scn-iccaltle.] Injury ; harm ; hurt ; mis- 
 chief; damage. 
 
 All .icli.in being for seme end, and not the ei.d 
 itself, its aptness to be connuanded or forbidden, 
 must be founded upon its ser^iceableness or «ii- 
 scrviccahUuess to some end. Xcr.-is. 
 
 To DtssETTLE. r. a. [dis and setllc] To 
 unsettle ; to unfix. 
 
 To Disse'veR. I". <i. [dis and sirrr In 
 this word the particle dis makes no 
 change in the signification, and tiierefore 
 the word, thougii supported by great au- 
 thorities, ouglit to be ejectett from our 
 laiigii.igc] To part in two ; to break ; 
 to divide; to sunder; to sepaiate; to 
 disunite. 
 
 Sliorilv had the storm so ditjofred the corapanv, 
 which tfie day before had tarried together, tliat 
 must of them ne\er met again, but we:;- swal- 
 lowed up. " Sidney. 
 
 5*9
 
 D I S 
 
 The dissevering of fleets hath been the overthrow 
 of many actions. Jhileigh. 
 
 All downright rains dissever the violence of out- 
 rageous winds, and level the mountainous billows. 
 
 Raleigh, 
 Dissever your united strengths, 
 And part your minglfd colours once again. Shak. 
 
 The racetint; points the sacred hair dissever 
 From the fair nead, for ever and for ever. Pope. 
 Di'ssiDENCE. n. s. [dissideOf Lat.] Dis- 
 cord ; disagreement. Diet, 
 Dissi'lience. n,s. [dissilio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of starting asiujder. 
 Dissi'lient. adj, [dissilknsy Lat.] Start- 
 ing asunder ; bursting in two. 
 DissiLiTiON. w. 5. [dissilio, Lat.] The 
 act of bursting in two ; the act of start- 
 ing different ways. 
 
 The air having much room to receive motion, 
 the dissilition of that air was great. 
 
 Boyle's Spring of' the Air. 
 
 Dissi'milar. adj. [dis and similar.] Un- 
 like ; heterogeneous. 
 
 Simple oil is reduced into dissimilar pATts, and 
 yields a sweet oil, very differing from sallct oil. 
 
 Bottle. 
 
 The light, whose mys are all alike refrangible, 
 
 I call simple, homogeneal, and similar; and that, 
 
 whose rays are some more refrangible than others, 
 
 I call compound, heterogeneal, and dissimilar. 
 
 Newton. 
 If tlie fluid be supposed to consist of heteroge- 
 neous particles, we cannot conceive how those 
 dissimilar parts can have a like situation. Bentleij 
 
 Dissimila'rity. n.s. [from dissimilar,] 
 Unlikeness ; dissimilitude. 
 
 If the principle of reunion has not its energy in 
 this life, whenever the attractions of sense cease, 
 the acquired principles of dissimilarity must repel 
 these beings from their centre : so that the prin- 
 ciple of reunion, being set free by death, must 
 drive these beings towards God their centre ; and 
 the principle of dissimilarity, forcing him to repel 
 them with infinite violence from him, must make 
 them infinitely miserable. Cheyne. 
 
 Dissimilitude, w. s, [dissimilitudo, Lat.] 
 Unlikeness ; want of resemblance. 
 
 Thereupon grew marvellous dissimilitudes, and 
 by reason thereof jealousies, heartburnings, jars, 
 and discords. Hooker. 
 
 We doubt whether the Lord, in ditFerent cir- 
 cumstances, did frame his people unto any utter 
 dissimilitude, eitUer with Egyptians, or any other 
 nation. ^ ^ ^ liooker. 
 
 The dissimilitude between the Divinity and ima- 
 ges, shews that images are not a suitable means 
 whereby to worship God. Stilliii^fieet. 
 
 As human society is founded in the similitude 
 of some things, so it is promoted by some certain 
 dissimilitudes. Crreic. 
 
 Women are curious observers of the likeness of 
 children to parents, that they may, upon finding 
 dissimilitude, have the pleasure of hinting unchas- 
 tity. Pooe's Odyssey, Notes. 
 
 Dissimula'tion. w.s. [dissimulatio yhat.] 
 The act of dissembling ; hypocrisy ; fal- 
 lacious appearance ; false pretensions. 
 
 Dissimulation is but a faint kind of policy ; for 
 it asketh a strong wit, and a strong heart, to know 
 when to tell truth, and to do it. ^ Bacon. 
 
 He added not ; and Satan, bowing low 
 His grey dissimulation, disappcar'd 
 luto thin air diffus'd. Milton. 
 
 Dissimulation may be taken for a bare conceal- 
 ment of one's mind; in which sense we commonly 
 say, tliat it is prudence to dissemble injuries. 
 
 South. 
 
 Di'ssiPABLE. adj. [from dissipate.] Ea- 
 sily scattered ; liable to dispersion. 
 
 The heat of those plants is very dissipable, which 
 under the eartii is contained and held in ; but 
 when it cometh to the air it exhalcth. 
 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Tlie parts of plants are very tender, as consist- 
 ing of corpuscles which are extremely small and 
 lignt, and therefore the more easily dissipablc. 
 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 
 To DISSIPATE, v.a, [dissipatus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To scatter every way ; to disperse. 
 
 The heat at length grow* so great, that it again 
 dissipates and bears off those corpuscles which it 
 brought. Woodward. 
 
 It IS covered with skin and hair, to quench and 
 dissipate the force of any stroke, and retard the 
 edge of any weapon. ^ Ray. 
 
 The circlin*^ mountains eddy In, 
 From the bare wild, the dissipated storm. Thomson. 
 
 2. To scatter the attention. 
 
 This slavery to his passions produced a life ir- 
 regular and dissipated. Savage's Life. 
 
 3. To spend a fortune. 
 
 The wherry that contains 
 Of dissipated wealth the poor remains. London. 
 
 Dissipa'tion. n.s. [dissipatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of dispersion. 
 
 The effects of heat are most advanced when it 
 worketh upon a body without loss or dissipation of 
 the matter. Bacon. 
 
 Abraham was contemporary with Paleg, in 
 whose time the famous dissipation of mankind, and 
 distinction of languages, happened. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. The state of being dispersed. 
 
 Now 
 Foul dissipation foliow'd, and forc'd rout. Milt07i. 
 Where the earth contains nitre within it, if that 
 heat which is continually steaming out of the 
 earth be preserved, its dissipation prevented, and 
 the cold kept off by some building, this alone is 
 ordinarily sufficient to raise up the nitre. 
 
 Woodward, 
 
 3. Scattered attention. 
 
 I have begun two or three letters to you by 
 snatches, and been prevented from finishing them 
 by a thousand avocations and dissipations. Swift. 
 
 To Disso'ciATE. V, a. [dissocio, Lat.] To 
 
 separate ; to disunite ; to part. 
 
 In the dissociating action, even of the gentlest 
 fire, upon a concrete, there perhaps vanish some 
 active and fugitive particles, whose presence was 
 requisite to contain the concrete under such a de- 
 terminate form. Boyle. 
 
 Disso'lvable. adj. [from dissolve.] Ca- 
 pable of dissolution ; liable to be melted. 
 
 Such things as are not dissolvable by the mois- 
 ture of the tongue, act not upon the taste. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Di'ssoluble. adj. [dissoluhiliSf Lat.] Ca- 
 pable of separation ; having one part 
 separable from another by heat or mois- 
 ture. 
 
 Nodules, reposed in cliffs amongst the earth, 
 being hard and not so dissoluble, are left behind. 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Dissolubi'lity. m. s. [from dissoluble.] 
 Liableness to suffer a disunion of parts 
 by heat or moisture ; capacity of being 
 dissolved. 
 
 Bodies seem to have an intrinsick principle of 
 alteration, or corruption, from the dissolubility of 
 their parts, and the coalition of several particles 
 endued witli contrary and destructive qualities 
 each to otiier. Hale's Origin of Mankijid. 
 
 To DISSOLVE, r. a. [dissolvo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To destroy the form of any thing by dis- 
 uniting the parts with heat or moisture; 
 to melt ; to liquefy. 
 
 X have heard of anchovies dissolved in sauce. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 The whole terrestrial globe was taken all to 
 
 pieces, and dissolved, at the deluge. IVoodward. 
 
 2. To break ; to disunite in any manner. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Seeing then that all these things shall be dij- 
 solved, what manner of persons ouglit ve to be? 
 
 2'ret. lu. 11. 
 
 3. To loose; to break the ties of any 
 thing. 
 
 Down fell the duke, his joints dissolvd asunder. 
 Blind with the light, and stricken dead with won- 
 der Fairfax. 
 Witness these ancient empires of the earth, 
 \n height of all their flowing wealth dissolvd. 
 
 Milton. 
 The commons live, by no divisions rent ; 
 liut the great monarch's death dissolves the go- 
 vernment. Drydcn. 
 
 4. To separate persons united ; asj to rfw- 
 solve a league. 
 
 She and I, long since contracted, 
 Are now so sure that nothing can dissolve us. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5. To break up assemblies. 
 
 By the king's authority alone, and by his writs, 
 parliaments are assembled ; and by him alone 
 they are prorogued and dissolved, but each house 
 may adjourn itself. Bacon to X^illiers, 
 
 6. To solve ; to clear. 
 
 And I have heard of thee, that thou canit 
 make interpretations and dissolve doubts. 
 
 Dan. V. 16. 
 
 7. To break an enchantment. 
 
 Highly it concerns his glory now 
 To frustrate and dissolve the magick spells. 
 
 Milton. 
 B. To be relaxed by pleasure. 
 
 Angels dissolvd in hallelujahs He. Dryden. 
 
 To Dissolve, v. n. 
 
 1. To be melted ; to be liquefied. 
 
 All putrefaction, if it dissolve not in rarefaction, 
 will in the end issue into plants or living creatures 
 bred of putrefaction. Bacon. 
 
 As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run 
 And trickle into drops before the sun. 
 So melts the youth, and languishes away. 
 
 Addison's Oild. 
 
 2. To sink away ; to fall to nothing. 
 
 If there be more, more woeful, hold it in ; 
 For 1 am ahuost ready t-o dissolve. 
 Hearing of this. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To melt away in pleasures, 
 Disso'lvent. adj. [from dissolve.] Hav- 
 ing the power of dissolving or melting. 
 
 In man and viviparous quadrupeds, the food, 
 moistened with the spittle, is first chewed, then 
 swallowed into the stomach, where, being mingled 
 with f/;ss(?/iifnt juices, it is concocted, macerated, 
 and reduced into a chyle. Ray- 
 
 Disso'lvent. y/. 5. [from the adjective.] 
 That which has the power of disuniting 
 the parts of any thing. 
 
 Spittle is a great dissolvent, and there is a great 
 quantity of it hi the stomach, being swallowed 
 constantly. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Disso'lver. n. 5. [from dissolve.] That 
 which has the power of dissolving. 
 
 Fire, and the more subtle dissolver, putrefaction, 
 by dividing the particles of substances, turn them 
 black. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Hot mineral waters are the best dissolvers of 
 phlegm. Arbuthnot. 
 
 DissoLviBLE. adj. [from dissolve. It is 
 commonly written dissolvable, but less 
 properly.] Liable to perish by dissolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Man, that is even upon the intrinsick consti- 
 tution of his nature dissolvUde, must, by being ia 
 an eternal duration, continue imnKritnl. 
 
 Halt's Origin if Mankind. 
 
 DISSOLUTE, adj. [dissolutus, Lat.] 
 Loose; wanton ; tinreslrained ; dissolved 
 in pleasures ; Uixurious ; debauched. 
 
 A giant huge and tall. 
 Who him disarmed, dissolute, dismay "d. 
 Unawares surpris'd. Fairy Queen,
 
 D I S 
 
 Such stand in narrow lanes. 
 And beat out watch, and rob ouruassengcrs ; 
 While he, young, wantun, and effeminate boy. 
 Takes on the point of honour, to support 
 So diaolule a crew. Shakcsp. Richard II. 
 
 A man of little gravity, or abstinence in plea- 
 sures ; yea, sometimes almost dissolute. Haifward. 
 
 They tool'd in zeal, 
 Tlienceforth shall practise how to live secure. 
 Worldly, or dissolute, on what their lords 
 Siiall leave them to enjoy. Milton. 
 
 The true spirit of religion banishes indeed all 
 levity of 'aehaviour, all vicious and dissolute mirth ; 
 but, in exchange, fills the mind with a perpetual 
 serenity. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 I'he beauty of religion the most dissolute are 
 forced to acknowledge. Kogeri. 
 
 Di'ssoLUTELY. adv. [from dissolute.] 
 Loosely ; ia debauchery ; without re- 
 straint. 
 
 Whereas men have lived dissolittely uttd unright- 
 eously, thou hast tormented them with their own 
 abominations. Wisdom. 
 
 Di'ssoLUTENESS. M.S. [from dissolute.] 
 Looseness ; laxity of manners ; debauch- 
 ery. 
 
 If we look into the common management, we 
 shall have reason to wonder, in the great di.volute- 
 ness of manners which the world complains of, 
 there are any footsteps at all left of virtue. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Dissolu'tion. n. s. [dissolutio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of liquefying by heat or mois- 
 ture. 
 
 2. The state of being liquefied. 
 3. The state of melting away ; liquefaction. 
 
 1 am as subject to heat as butter ; a man of 
 continual dissolution and thaw. 
 
 Shnkesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 4. Destruction of any thing by the sepa- 
 ration of its parts. 
 
 The elements were at perfect union in his body 
 and their contrary qualities served not for the dis 
 solution of the compound, but the variety of the 
 composure. South, 
 
 5. The substance formed by dissolving 
 any body. 
 
 > Weigh iron and aqua-fortis severally ; then dis- 
 solve tlie iron in the aqua-fortis, and wei^h the 
 dissolution. Bacon. 
 
 6. Death ; the resolution of the body into 
 its constituent elements. 
 
 I'he life of man is always either increasing to- 
 wards ripeness and perfection, or declining and 
 decreasing towards rottenness and dissolutioji. 
 
 lialeigh's History. 
 We expected 
 Immediate dissolution, which we thought 
 Was meant by death that day. Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 7. Destruction. 
 
 He determined to make a present dissolution of 
 the world. Hooker 
 
 He thence shall come. 
 When this world's dissolution shall be ripe. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Would they have mankind lay aside all care of 
 
 provisions by agriculture or commerce, because 
 
 possibly the dissolution of the world may happen 
 
 the next moment ? Bentley. 
 
 8. Breach or ruin of any thing compacted 
 or united. 
 
 Is a man confident of wealth and power? Why 
 let him read of those strange unexpected dissolu- 
 tions of the great monarchies and governments of 
 the world. South 
 
 9. The act of breaking up an assembly. 
 
 10. Looseness of manners ; laxity ; remiss- 
 ness ; dissipation. 
 
 A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution 
 of the spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft, 
 and wandering, unapt for uotic or spiritual em- 
 ployments, Bp. Taylor. 
 
 Fame makes tliemind loose and eayish, scatters 
 the spirits, and leaves a kind of disiolution upon 
 all the faculties. Smth. 
 
 An universal dissolution of manners began to 
 prevail, and a professed disregard to all fixed 
 principles. Allerlmry. 
 
 DISSONANCE, ti.s. [dissonaus, Lat. 
 dissonance, Fr.] A mixture of harsh, 
 unpleasing, unharmonious sounds ; un- 
 suitableness of one sound to another. 
 
 Still govern thou my song. 
 But drive far oil' the barbarous dissonance 
 Of liacchus and his revellers. Milton. 
 
 The I^tin tongue is a dead language, and none 
 can decide with confidence on the harmony or 
 dissoiuince of the numbers of these limes. 
 
 Garths Preface to Ovid. 
 
 Dl'ssoNANT. adj. [dissonans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Harsh; unharmonious. 
 Dire were the strain, and ((issonont, to sing 
 The cruel raptures of the savage kind. Thomson. 
 
 2. Incongruous ; disagreeing: with/rom. 
 
 What can be more dissonant from reason and 
 nature, than that a man, naturally inclined to 
 clemency, should shew himself unkind and inhu- 
 man ? HakeuUl on Providence. 
 
 3. With to : less properly. 
 
 AVhcn conscience reports any thing dissimant to 
 truth, it obliges no more than the falsehood re- 
 ported.by it. &'"'' 
 
 To DISSUA'DE. v. a. [dissuadeo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To dehort ; to divert by reason or im 
 portunity from any thing. 
 
 We submit to Casar, promising 
 To pay our wonted tribute, from the which 
 ■We were dissuaded by our wicked queen. 
 
 Shakesp. Cymhelinc. 
 
 2. To represent any thing as unfit or dan- 
 gerous. 
 
 This would he worse ; 
 ^Va^ therefore, open or conceal'd, alike 
 Jly voice dissuades. M'dtons Far. iMt. 
 
 Not dillident of thee, do I dissuade^ 
 Thy absence from my sicht. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 I'd fain dcnv this wish", which thou hast made ; 
 Or, what I can't deny, would fain dissuode. 
 
 Addison's Olid. 
 
 Dissu a'der. n.s. [from dissuade.] He 
 that dissuades. 
 
 Dissuasion, n. s. [dissuasio, Lat] Ur- 
 gency of reason or importunity against 
 any thing ; dehortation. 
 
 Endeavour to preserve yourself from relapse 
 by such dissuasions from love, as its votaries call 
 invectives against it. Boyle. 
 
 Dissuasive, adj. [from dissuade.] De- 
 hortatory ; tending to divert or deter 
 from any purpose. 
 
 Dissua'sive. n.s. Dehortation; argu- 
 ment or importunity employed to turn 
 tlie mind off from any purpose or pur- 
 suit. 
 
 The meanness, or the sin, will scarce be dissuo- 
 siirs to those who have reconciled themselves to 
 both. Government cf the Tongue. 
 
 To Dissu'nder. v. a. \dis and sunder. 
 This is a barbarous word. See Disse- 
 ver.] To sunder ; to separate. 
 But when lier draught the sea and earth dissun- 
 
 derd. . 
 
 The troubled bottoms turn'd up, and s^ie thun- 
 der'd. , Ch.,,."""'^ 
 
 DiSSY'LLABLE. 71. S. [JiO-iTK^Mt©-.] A 
 
 word of two syllables. 
 
 No man is tied, in modern poetry, to observe 
 any farther rule in the feet of his verse, bui that 
 they be dpssyllahles ; whether spondee, Ir"^'"^'; °' 
 iam'bique; it matters not. Urydcn. 
 
 Di'sTAFF. n. s. [bij-r^p, Sax.] 
 
 D I S 
 
 I. The staff from which the flax is drawn 
 
 ni spinnmg. 
 
 In sum, proud Boreas never ruled fleet,_ 
 Who Neptune's web on danger's dulojf spins. 
 With greater pow'r than she didniakc them wend 
 Kach way, as she that age's praise did bend. 
 
 Sidruy. 
 Weave thou to end this web which I begin ; 
 I will the distafi hold, comi- thou and spin. Faiif. 
 Ran Coll our dog, and Talhot, with the band ; 
 And Malkin, with her dislaff'tn her hand. Dryd. 
 2. It is used as an emblem of the female 
 sex. So the French .say, The crown of 
 France never falls to the diitaff. 
 
 In my civil government some say the crosier, 
 some say the distaff, was too busy. 
 
 HnueCi England's Tears. , 
 
 See my royal master murder'd, | 
 
 His crown usurp'd, a dirto^in the throne. Dryd. j 
 
 DiSTAFF-THiSTLE. n. *. A species of 
 
 thistle. 
 To Dista'in. r. a. [dis and stain.] 
 
 1 . To stain ; to tinge with an adventitious 
 colour. 
 
 Nor ceas'd his arrows, till the shady plain 
 Scv'n iiiifjhty bodies with their blood distain. 
 
 Dryden's lirfiL 
 Place on their heads that crown distain'd with 
 
 ■Which those dire hands from mv slam father tore. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To blot ; to sully with infamy. 
 
 He understood. 
 That lady, whom I had to me assigii'd. 
 Had both distain'd her honourable blood. 
 And ckc the faith which she to me did bind. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 The worthiness of praise distains his worth. 
 If he that's prais'd himself bring the praise forth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Some thet.logicians defile [ilaces erected for re- 
 ligion, by defending oppressions, distaming their 
 professions by pubfishing odious untruths upon 
 report of others. Sir J. Hayuard. 
 
 DISTANCE, n. *. [distance, Fr. distan- 
 tia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Distance is space considered barely in 
 length between any two beings, without 
 considering any thing else between 
 them. Locke. 
 
 It is very cheap, notwithstanding the great <ii«- 
 tance between Uic vineyards and the towns that 
 sell the wine. Adduonon Italy. 
 
 As he lived but a few miles distance from lier 
 father's house, he had frequent opportui.mes of 
 seeing her. ^^^^"'■ 
 
 1. ReiTioteness in places. 
 
 Ca;sar is still dispos'd to give us terms. 
 And waits at distance till he hears from Lato- 
 
 AjddiSt^. 
 
 These dwell at such convenient distance, 
 That each may give his friend assistance, i'rior. 
 
 3. The space kept between two antagonists 
 
 in fencing. 
 
 We come to see fight; to see Uiy pass, Oiy 
 
 stock, thy reverse, thy distance /■,■ ;„j,„ 
 
 ■^ Shakesp. Merry H tics of II vadior. 
 
 4. Contrariety ; opposition. 
 i3anquo was vour enemy, 
 
 So is he mine ; and in such bloody distance. 
 
 That everv minute of his hcuig thrusts 
 
 A-ain't inv iw'ar'st of life. Siatep. Machcth. 
 
 5. A space marked on the course where 
 
 horses run. . , t. ^a ,, ,. 
 
 This was the horse that ran the whole field out 
 
 of distance, and won tlie race. L Estrange. 
 
 6. Space of time. 
 
 You must do it by dis(<.n<-eof tune .2 I^;-^- *; 
 
 I help my preface by a prescript, to tell that 
 
 there is ten years disli>ncc between one «"|,^^* 
 
 OtllCT. 
 
 551
 
 D I S 
 
 7. Remoteness in time either past or future. 
 
 We have as iniicli assurance of tlicse things, as 
 things future and at a distance are ca])able o(. 
 
 TiUotson- 
 
 To judge right of l.lessincs prayed for, and yet 
 at a distancet we must be able to know things fu- 
 ture. Smalritloe. 
 
 8. Ideal disjunction ; mental separation. 
 
 The qualities tliat ati'ect our senses are, in the 
 things themselves, su united and blended, that 
 there is no separation, no distance between them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 9. Respect; distant behaviour. 
 
 I hope your modesty 
 \\ ill know nliat distance to the crown is due. 
 ,,,.. Drtjden. 
 
 lis by respect and distance that aulhoritv is 
 upheld. Atterb'uyy. 
 
 If a man makes me keep my distance, the com- 
 fort is, he keeps his at the same time. Swift. 
 
 10. Retraction of kindness; re.serve; alie- 
 nation. 
 
 On the part of heav'n, 
 Isow alicnaled, di'sfance and distaste. 
 Anger, and just rebuke, and judgment giv'n. 
 
 Milton. 
 To Dl'sTANCE. v.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To place remotely ; to throw off from 
 the view. 
 
 That which gives a relievo to a bowl, is the 
 quick light, or white, which appears to be on the 
 side nearest to us, and the black by consequence 
 distances the object. Vrydcns Dujresnoy^ 
 
 2. To leave behind at a race the length of 
 a distance ; to conquer in a race M-ith 
 great superiority. 
 
 Each daring lover, with advent'rous pace. 
 Pursued his wishes in the dang'rous race ; 
 Like the swift hind the bounding damsel flies, 
 .Strains to the goal ; the distujic'rf lover dies. Cay. 
 
 Di'sTANT. adj. [distans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Remote in place ; not near. 
 
 This heav'n which we behold 
 Distant so high. Milton. 
 
 Ifelt 
 Though distant from the worlds between. Milton 
 
 The wond'rous rock the Parian marble shone. 
 And seem'd to distant sight of solid stone. Pope. 
 Narrowness of mind should be cured by read- 
 ing histories of past ages, and of nations and 
 countries distant from our own. 
 
 Watts s Improvement of the Mind. 
 The senses will discover things near us with 
 sufficient exactness, and things distant also, so far 
 as they relate to our necessary use. 
 
 Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Remote in time either past or future. 
 
 3. Remote to a certain degree: as, ten 
 years, ten miles, distant. 
 
 4. Reserved ; shy. 
 
 5. Remote in nature ; not allied. 
 
 What besides this unhappy servility to custom 
 can reconcile men, that own Christianity, to a 
 practice so widely distant from it ? 
 
 ,. Gov. of the Tongue. 
 
 (j. ryot obvious ; not plain. 
 
 It was one of the first distinctionsof a well-bred 
 man to express every tiling obscene in modest 
 terms and distant phrases ; while the clown cloth- 
 ed those ideas in plain homely lerms that are 
 the most obvious and natural. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Dista'ste. n. s. [dis and taste.] 
 1. Aversion of the palate; disrelish; dis- 
 gust. 
 
 He gives the reason of the distaste of satiety, 
 and of the pleasure in novelty in meats and 
 O""}^- Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 ?. Dislike ; uneasiness. 
 
 Prosperity is not without many fears and dis- 
 tastes, aiiti adversity is not without comforts and 
 "°P«'- Bacon's Essays. 
 
 D I S 
 
 .^. Anger; alienation of affection. 
 
 Julius Ciesar was by acclamation termed kin(»i 
 to try how the peo| le" would take it : the people 
 shewed great murmur and distaste at it. 
 
 Bacon's Apophthegms. 
 The king having tasted of the envy of the peo- 
 ple, for his iniprisiiiiment of Edward'Plantagenct, 
 was doubtful to heap up any more disliislfs of that 
 kind by the imprisonment of De la Pole also. 
 
 Bacons Henry VII. 
 On the part of heaven. 
 Now alienated, distance and distaste. 
 Anger, and just rebuke. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 With stern distaste avow'd. 
 To their own districts drive the suitor crowd. 
 
 Pole's Odyssey. 
 
 To Dista'ste. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To fill the mouth with nauseousness, or 
 
 disrelish, 
 
 Dang'rous conceits are in their nature poisons. 
 Which at the first are scarce found to distaste. 
 But, with a little act upon the blood. 
 Burn like the mines of sulphur. ShaUcsp. Othello. 
 
 2. To dislike; to loath. 
 
 I'd have it come to question ; 
 If he distaste it, let him to my sister. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 I am unwilling to believe that he doth it wiili 
 
 a design to play tricks, and fly-blow mv words to 
 
 make others distaste them. Stillingjieet. 
 
 3. To offend ; to disgust. 
 
 He thought it no policy to distaste the English 
 or Irish by a cour.se of reformation, but sought to 
 please them. IJavies. 
 
 ■i. To ve.x ; to exasperate ; to sour. 
 
 The whistling of the winds is better inusick to 
 contented minds, than the opera to the spleenful, 
 ambitious, diseased,rfistas!fd, and distracted souls. 
 
 Pi>;ie. 
 
 Dista'steful. adj. [distaste and full.] 
 
 1 . Nauseous to the palate ; disgusting. 
 
 What to one palate is sweet and delicious, to 
 another is odious and distasteful. Gtajiv. Scepsis. 
 
 2. Offensive; unpleasing. 
 
 The visitation, though somewhat distasteful to 
 the Irish lords, was sweet and welcome to tlie 
 common people. Davies. 
 
 None but a fool distasteful truth will tell ; 
 So it be new and please, "'tis full as well. Driid. 
 
 Distasteful humours, and whatever else may 
 render the conversation of men grievous and un- 
 easy to one another, are forbidden in the New 
 Tes'tament. TiUotson. 
 
 3. Malignant; malevolent. 
 
 After distasteful looks. 
 With certain half-caps, and cold moving nods, 
 Thev froze me into silence. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 The ground might be the distasteful averseness 
 of the Christian from the Jew. Brown. 
 
 Diste'mper. n. s. [dis and temper.] 
 
 1. A disproportionate mixture of parts; 
 want of a due temper of ingredients. 
 
 2. A disease ; a malady ; the peccant pre- 
 dotninance of some humour ; proi>erly a 
 slight illness; indisposition. 
 
 They heighten distempers to diseases. Suckling. 
 
 It argues sickness and distemper in the mind, as 
 well as in the body, when a man is continually 
 turning and tossing. South. 
 
 3. Want of due temperature. 
 
 It was a reasonable conjecture, that those coun- 
 tries which were situated directly under the tro- 
 pick, were of a distemper uninhabitable. 
 
 Raleigh's Historjj. 
 
 4. Bad constitution of the mind ; predo- 
 minance of any passion or appetite. 
 
 If little faults, proceeding on distemper, 
 Shall not be wink'tt at, how shall we stretch our 
 
 eye 
 At capital crimes ? Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 D I S 
 
 0. Want of due balance between contraries 
 
 The true temper of empire is a thing rare, and 
 hard to keep ; fur both temper and distemper con- 
 sist of contraries. Bacon. 
 
 6. Ill humourof mind ; depravity of incli- 
 nation. 
 
 I was not forgetful of those sparks, wlilch some 
 men's distempers (omieiiy studied to kindle in par- 
 liHiiieiit. King Cfiarles. 
 
 7. Tumultuous disorder. 
 
 Still as you rise, the state, exalted too. 
 Finds no aistemper while 'tis cbang'd \}y you. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 8. Disorder ; uneasiness. 
 
 There is a sickness, 
 \\ hicli puis sonic of us in di^-temper-, but 
 1 cannot name tlie disease, and it is caught 
 Of you that yet are well. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 To Distemper, v. a. [dis and temper,'] 
 
 1. To disease. 
 
 Young son, it arijues a distempered head, 
 So soon to bid good-morrow to thy bed. 
 
 Shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 2. To disorder 
 
 In madness, 
 Being full of supper and distemp'ring draughts. 
 Upon malicious bravery, dost thou come 
 To start my guilt ? Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 He distempered himself one night with lun^ and 
 hard study. Boyle's History of' Fluids. 
 
 3. To disturb ; to fill with perturbation ; 
 to ruffle. 
 
 Thou see'st me much distempered in my mind ; 
 PuU'd back, and then push'd forward to be kind. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 4. To deprive of temper or moderation 
 
 Distempered zea\, sedition, canker'd hate, 
 No more shall vex the church and tear the state. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 They will liave admirers among posterity, and 
 be equally celebrated by those whose minds will 
 not be distempered by interest, passion, or par- 
 tiality. Addisons Freeholder. 
 
 5. To make disaffected, or malignant. 
 
 Once more to-day well met, distemper d lords ; 
 The king by me requests your presence straight. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Diste'mperate. adj, [dis and temper- 
 ate.] Immoderate. 
 
 Aquinas objecteth the distemperate heat, which 
 he supposeth to be in all places directly under the 
 sun. Raleigh's tlistoi-y. 
 
 Diste'mperature. w. 5. [from distem- 
 perate.] 
 
 J , Intemperateness ; excess of heat or cold, 
 or other qualities. 
 
 Throneh this distemperature we see 
 The seasons alter ; hoary-headed frosts 
 Fall ill the fresh lap of the crimson rose. Shakesp. 
 
 They were consumed by the discommodities ot 
 the country, and the distemperature of the air. 
 
 Abbot. 
 
 2. Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous- 
 
 ness. 
 
 3. Perturbation of the mind. 
 
 Thy earliness doth me assure 
 Thou art uprous'd by some distemperature. Shak. 
 
 4-. Confusion ; commixture of contrarieties; 
 loss of regularity. 
 
 At your birth 
 Our crandarae ea'rth, with this distemperature, 
 in passion shook. Shakesp. Henry 1\ . 
 
 Tell how the world fell into this '-liscase. 
 And how so great distemperature did grow. Daniel. 
 
 To DISTE'ND. v. a. [didendo, Lat.] To 
 stretch out in breadth. 
 
 Avoid enormous heights of seven stories, as 
 well as irregular forms ; and the contrary fault, of 
 low distended fronts, is as unseemly. ^ otton. 
 
 552
 
 D I S 
 
 Thus all day lung tlie full distended clovids 
 Indulge tlieir geiiial stures. Thomson. 
 
 Diste'nt. part. pass. [distentuSf Lai.] 
 Spread. Not used. 
 
 Some otliers were new driven and distent 
 Into gr<*at ingots and tn wedges s(|uare, 
 Some in cuuiid [>Ute^ withuuteii muniment. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Distent, n. s. [from distend.'] The 
 space throutrh which any thing is spread ; 
 breadth. Not much in use. 
 
 Those iirches are ihe graccfuUcst, wliich, keep- 
 ing precisely the same height, shall yet he distend- 
 ed one fourteenth part longer, which adrlition uf 
 distent will confer much to their heaut}', and detract 
 but little from their strength. Wetton. 
 
 Distention, n. s. [distenlio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of stretching; state of things 
 stretched. 
 
 Wind and d'utentum of the bowels are signs of a 
 bad digestion in the intestines ; for in dead ani- 
 mals, when there is no digestion at all, the disten- 
 tion is in the greatest extreniity. Arbuthwt. 
 
 2. Breadth ; space occupied by the thing 
 distended. 
 
 3. The act of separating one part from an- 
 other; divarication. 
 
 Our legs do labour more in elevation than in 
 distention. W'otton's Architecture. 
 
 To DiSTHRo'NiZE. v.a. [dis and throne.] 
 To dethrone ; to depose from sovereignty. 
 Not used. 
 
 By his death he it rt covered ,• 
 But Peridure and Vigent him disthr07tiud. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Di'STiCH. n.5. [dhtichon,'Lat.] Acouplet; 
 a couple of lines; an epigram consisting 
 only of two verses. 
 
 The French compare anagrams, by themselves, 
 totems ; but when they are cast into a distich, or 
 epigram, to gems encliased in enamelled gold. 
 
 Camden's Remains. 
 The bard» whose distich all commend. 
 In power, a servant ; out of power, a friend. Pope. 
 
 To DISTI'L. V. n. [distillo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To drop ; to fall by drops. 
 
 In vain kind seasons swell'd the teeming grain ; 
 Soft show'rs dirti//'d, and suns grew warm, in vain. 
 
 Pope. 
 Crystal drops from rain'ral roofs distil. Pope. 
 
 2. To flow gently and silently. 
 
 The Euphrates distilleth out of the mountains of 
 Armenia, and fallelh into the gulph of Persia. 
 
 Raleigh's Historij. 
 
 3. To use a still ; to practise the act of dis- 
 tillation. 
 
 Have I not been 
 
 Thy pupil long ; Hast thou not learn'd rat how 
 To make perfumes, distil, preserve ? 
 
 Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 To Disti'l. r. a, 
 
 1 . To let fall in drops ; to drop any thing 
 down. 
 
 They pour down rain, according to the vapour 
 thereof, which the clouds do drop and distil upon 
 man abundantly. Job. 
 
 The dew, which on the tender grass 
 
 The evening had distiU'd, 
 Tcpure rost-water turned was, 
 Tne shades witli sweets that filTd. 
 
 Drayton's Cynthia, 
 
 From his fair head 
 
 Perfumes distil their sweets. Prior. 
 
 The roof is vaulted, and distils fresh water from 
 
 every part of it, which fell upon us as fast as the 
 
 tirst droppings of a shower. Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. To force by fire through the vt>sels of 
 distillation ; to exalt, separate, or purify 
 by fire : as, distilled spirits. 
 
 There hangs a vap'rous drop, profound ; 
 I'll catch it ere it comes to ground ; 
 
 Vol I. 
 
 D I S 
 
 And that, dittUfd by nia^ick »ltghta, 
 
 SIrall raise up Hrliticial spriyl.ts. Sliaketp. Mach. 
 
 3. To draw by distillation ; to extract by 
 the force of" fire. 
 
 The liquid dhtilUd from benzoin is subject to 
 frequent vicissitudes of fluidity and firmness. 
 
 BatjU. 
 
 4. To dissolve or melt. 
 
 Swords by tlie lightning's subtle force distiU'd, 
 And the cufd sheath «itli running metal fill'd 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Distilla'tion. ti. s. [dislillatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of dropping, or falling in drops. 
 
 2. The act of pouring otit in drops. 
 3 That which falls in drops. 
 
 4. The act of distilling by fire. 
 
 Water by frequent distUUUioni changes into 
 fixed earth. fieictm. 
 
 The scrum of the blood, by a strong distillation. 
 affords a spirit, or vi.lalile afkaline salt, and two 
 kinds of oil, and an earth. Arbuthnat on Aliments. 
 
 5. The substance drawn by the still. 
 
 I suffered the pangs of an egregious death, to be 
 stopt in, like a strong distillation^ with cloalhs. 
 
 !ihakesp. 
 
 Disti'llatory. adj. [from JhtH.] Be- 
 longing to distillation ; used in distilla- 
 tion. 
 
 Besides those grosser elements of bodies, salt, 
 sulphur, and mercury, ingredients of a more sub- 
 tile nature, extremely little, and not visible, may 
 escape at the junctures of tlie distillatory vessels. 
 
 Boyle. 
 Disti'ller. n. s. [from distil.] 
 1. One who practises the art or trade of 
 distilling. 
 
 I sent for spirit of salt to a very eminent distiller 
 
 of it. Boyle. 
 
 '2. One -who makes and sells pernicious 
 
 and inflammatory spirits. 
 Disti'lment. n. s. [from distil.] That 
 which is drawn by distillation ; that 
 which drops. A word formerly used, 
 but now obsolete. 
 
 l^pon my secure hour thy uncle stole, 
 And in the' porches of mine ears did pour 
 The leperous distil mtnt. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 DISTINCT, adj. [distinctus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Different; not the same in number or 
 in kind. 
 
 Bellarmin saith, it is idolatry to give the same 
 worship to an imape which is due to God : Vas- 
 quez saith, it is idolatry to give distiTict worship : 
 therefore, if a man would avoid idolatry, he nuist 
 give none at all. Siillingjleet. 
 
 Fatherhood and property are distinct titles, and 
 began presently, upon Adam's death, to be in 
 distinct persons. Locke. 
 
 2. Different ; separate ; being apart, not 
 
 conjunct. 
 
 The intention was, that the two armies, which 
 marched out together, should afterwards be dis- 
 tinct. Clarendon. 
 
 Men have immortal spirits, capable of a plea- 
 sure and happiness distinct from tliat of our bodies. 
 
 Tillotson, 
 
 3. Clear; unconfused. 
 
 Heav'n is high. 
 High and remote, to see from thence distinct 
 Each thing on earth. Milton. 
 
 4. Spotted ; variegated. 
 
 Tempestuous fell 
 His arrows from the fourfold-visag'd four, 
 Distinct with eves ; and from the living wheels 
 Distinct alike with multitude of eyes. ISlilton. 
 
 5. Marked out; specified. 
 
 Dominion hold 
 Over all living things that move on th' earth. 
 Wherever thus created ; for no place 
 Is yet distinct by name. Milton. 
 
 D I S 
 
 Dl.STi'NCTloN. n. *. [distinclio, I.at.] 
 
 1. The act of discerning one as preferablt; 
 to the other. 
 
 In the wind af.d tempest of furtunt's rr>'wn. 
 Distinction, with a broail and (Miwerful faji, 
 Pulfnig at all, winnows the light away. Shahesip. 
 
 2. Note of difference. 
 
 3. Honourable note of superiority. 
 
 4. '1 hat by which one difl't-rs from another. 
 This faculty of perception puts the distinrtien 
 
 betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts 
 of matter. Locke. 
 
 5. Difference regarded ; preference or ne- 
 glect in comparison with something else. 
 
 IVIaids, women, wives, without distinction fall ; 
 The sweei'ing deluge, love, comes on, and covers 
 all. Dryden. 
 
 6. Separation of complex notions. 
 
 This fierce abridgment 
 Hath to it circumstantial branches, which 
 Distinction should be rich in. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 ?. Division into different parts. 
 
 The distinction of tragedy into acts was not 
 known ; or, if it were, it is yet so darkly deliver- 
 ed to us, that we cannot make it out. 
 
 Dryden on Drarruitick Poestl. 
 
 8. Notation of difference between things 
 seemingly the same. 
 
 The mixture of those things by speech, which 
 by nature are divided, is the mother of all error : 
 to take away therefore that error, which confusion 
 breedeth, distinction is retjuisite. Hocktr. 
 
 Lawfulness cannot be handled without limita- 
 tions and distincti^tns. Bacon's Holy War. 
 
 This will puzzle all your logick and distiactiota 
 to answer it. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 From this distinction of real and apparent good, 
 some distinguish happiness into two sorts, real 
 and imaginary. Aorris. 
 
 9. Discernment ; judgment. 
 Distinctive, adj. [from distinct.'] 
 
 1 . That which marks distinction or differ- 
 ence. 
 
 For from the natal hotir, distinctive names. 
 One cocnnon right the great and lowly claims. 
 
 Flue's Odyssey 
 
 2. Having the power to distinguish and 
 discern ; judicious. 
 
 Credulous and vulgar auditors readily believe 
 
 it, and the more judicious and d'lstinctiie heads do 
 
 not reject it. Brovn. 
 
 Disti'nctively. adv. [from distinctite.] 
 
 Particularly ; not confu.<edly. 
 
 I did all luy pilgrimage dilate. 
 Whereof by parcels" sue Tiad something heard. 
 But not distinctively. Shakesp. Othellt. 
 
 Distinctly, adv. [from distinct.] 
 
 1. Not confusedly; without the confiision 
 of one part with another. 
 
 To make an echo that will report three, or four, 
 or five words diftincllu, it is requisite that the body 
 percussing be a good distance otF. 
 
 Bacon's A*at. Hist. 
 On its sides it was bounded pretty disfinrtly. 
 but on its ends verv confusedly and indistinctly. 
 NeKUm'l Oytickt. 
 
 2. Plainly; clearly. 
 
 The object I could first distincllv view. 
 Was tall streight trees, which on the waters flew. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 After the liaht of the sun was a little worn "if 
 my eves, 1 coiild see all the parts of it disttncfiv by 
 a plnumcring reflection that played upon them 
 from the suruce of the water. AdduDn. 
 
 Disti'nctness. n.s. [from rfi^finr*.] 
 1. Nice observation of the difference be- 
 tween different things. 
 The membranes and humours of the eye. aK 
 
 4 B 
 
 !>53
 
 D I S 
 
 perfectly pellucid, and void of culouf, for the 
 clearness, and ilie distinctness, of vision. 
 
 Ray on Cfeation. 
 
 2. Such separ.ition of things as makes them 
 easy to be separately observed. 
 
 To DISTINGUISH, v. a. [dislinsuo, 
 
 Lat.] " 
 
 1. To )iote the diversity of things. 
 
 Riglitl^' to dislingiiish, is, by conceitof tlie mind, 
 to sc-ier things ditierent in nature, and to discern 
 wlicicin they differ. Hooker. 
 
 2. To separate from others by some mark 
 of hoiiotir or preference. 
 
 Tlicy distinguisk my poems from tllose of other 
 Mien, and have made me their peculiar care. Dryd. 
 
 Let us reviilve that roll with strictest eye, 
 \\ here, safe from tiujc, distinguish'd actiojis lie. I'r. 
 
 3. To chvide by proper notes of diversity. 
 
 JMoses distinguishes the causes of the flood into 
 those tiiat beloiig to the heavens, and those that 
 belong to the earth, the rains, and the abyss. 
 
 Burnet s Theory, 
 
 4. To know one from another by any mark 
 or note of difference. 
 
 So l(*ng 
 As he could make me, with his eye or ear. 
 Distinguish him from otliers, he did keep 
 The deck. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 We have not yet been seen in any house. 
 Nor can we be distinguished, by our faces. 
 For man or master. Shakesp. Tarn, of the .Shrew, 
 
 By our reason we are enabled to distinguish good 
 from evil, as well as truth from falsehood. 
 
 M'atts^s Logick. 
 
 5. To discern critically; to judge. 
 
 Sweet prince, th' untainted virtue of your years 
 Hath not y et dived into the world's deceit ; 
 Nor more can you distinguish of a man. 
 Than of his outward shew ! Shakesp. Rich, III. 
 
 G. To constitute difference ; to specificate; 
 
 to make different from another. 
 
 St. Paul's Kpistles contain nothing but points 
 of Christian instruction, amongst which he sel- 
 dom fails to enl.irge on the great and distinguishing 
 doctrines of our holy religion. Locke. 
 
 7. To make known or eminent. 
 To Disti'nguish. r. n. To make dis- 
 tinction ; to find or shew the difference. 
 He would warily distinguish between the protit 
 of the merchant and the gain of the kingdon). 
 
 Child's Discourse on Trade. 
 The readers must learn by all means to distin- 
 guish between proverbs, and those polite speeches 
 wliich beautify conversation. Suiji. 
 
 Disti'nguishable. adj. [from distin- 
 guish.] 
 
 1. Capable of being distinguished; capa- 
 ble of being known, or made known, by 
 notes of diversity. 
 
 luipeiiilent, they left a race behind 
 Like to themselves, distinguishuhie scarce 
 From Gentiles, but by circumcision vain. Milton. 
 _ The acting of the soul, as it relates to percep- 
 tion and decision, to choice and pursuit, or aver- 
 sion, is distinguishable to us. Hale's Urig. of Mankind. 
 
 I shall distribute duty into its ]irincipal and 
 
 . eminent parts, distinguishable as they relate to God, 
 
 our iieiglibour, and ourselves. Gov. of the Tongue. 
 
 Bein<; dissolved in aqueous juices, it is by the 
 eye distinguishable from the solvent body. lioyie. 
 
 A simple idea, being in itself uncouipouuded, 
 
 contains nothing but one uniform ajipearance, or 
 
 conce[>Iiuh in tile mind, and is not distinguishable 
 
 into ditfereni ideas. Locke. 
 
 2' Worthy of note; worthy of regard. 
 
 I would endeavour that my betters should seek 
 me by the merit of something distinguishable, in- 
 stead of my seeking them SuiJ't. 
 
 Distinguished, participial adj. [from 
 distinguish.] Eminent; transcendent; 
 extraortiinary. 
 
 1) I s 
 
 For sins committed, with uvAuy aggravations of 
 guilt, the furnace of wrath will be seven times 
 hotter, and burn with a diitingitished fury. Bogers. 
 
 Ntver oil man did heav'niy favuiir shine 
 With rays so stronj^, distinguhh'd, and divine. 
 
 Pope's Odijssey. 
 
 Disti'nguisher. 7i. s. [from distin- 
 guis/t.'] 
 
 1. A judicious observer ; one that accurate- 
 ly discerns one thin*^ from another. 
 
 If writers be just to the memury of Charles II. 
 they cannot deny him to have been an exact 
 knower of mankind^ and a perfect distingidshtr of 
 tiieir talents. Dryilen. 
 
 2. He that separates one thing from ano- 
 ther by proper marks of diversity. 
 
 Let us admire the wisdom of God in this dis- 
 tinguisher of times, and visible deity, the sun. 
 
 Broum's Vtdg. Err. 
 
 Disti'n g u I sh I n g ly. adv. [from dis- 
 ihigith/ting.] With distinction ; with 
 some mark of eminent preference. 
 
 Some call me a Tory, because the heads of that 
 party have been distinguiihingly favourable to me. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Disti'nguishment. n. s. [from distin- 
 guish,] Distinction; observation of dif- 
 terence. 
 
 To make corrections upon the searchers reports, 
 I considered whether any credit at all were to be 
 given to their distbiguishments. 
 
 Graunt's Bills of' Mortality. 
 
 To DISTO'RT. V. a. [distortiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. To writhe; to twist; to deform by irre- 
 gular motions, 
 
 I see her taste each nauseous draught. 
 And so obligingly am caught ; 
 I bless the hand from whence they came, 
 Nor dare distort ray face for shame. Swift. 
 
 Now mortal pangs distort his lovely form. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 2. To put out of the true direction or pos- 
 ture. 
 
 With fear and pam 
 Distorted, all m3' nether shape thus grew 
 Transform'd. Milton. 
 
 Wrath and malice, envy and revenge, do dark- 
 en and distort the understandings of men. Tillots. 
 
 3. To wrest from the true meaning. 
 
 Sometliino must be distorted beside the intent 
 of the divine iiiditer. Peacham 07i Poetrij. 
 
 Disto'rtion. 71. s. [disforliOi Lat.] Ir- 
 regular motion by which the face is 
 writhed, or the parts disordered. 
 
 By his distortions he reveals his pains ; 
 He by his tears and by his sii^hs complains. Prior. 
 
 In England we see people lulled asleep with 
 solid and elaborate discourses of piety, \vho would 
 be warmed and transported out of themselves by 
 the biilowings and f/i5tor(i<j;w of enthusiasm. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 To DISTRA'CT. v. a, part. pass, distract- 
 ed ; anciently distraught ; and some- 
 times distract, [distractus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To pull different ways at once. 
 
 I'iie needle endeavours tocouform unto the me- 
 ridian ; but being distracted, driveth that way 
 wliere the greater and powerfullcr part of llie 
 earth is placed. Brown's Valg. Err. 
 
 2. 'io separate; to divide. 
 
 B3' sea, by sea. 
 — Most wor[h3' ^''^' y^" therein throw away 
 The absolute soldiership you have bj' land ; 
 DistJ'act your army, which doth most consist 
 Of war-uiark'd (oolmen. Skahcsp. 4nt. and Cleop. 
 
 3. 'i'o turn from a single direction towards 
 various points. 
 
 If lie cannot wholly avoid the eye of the ob- 
 server, he hopes to distract it by a multiplicity of 
 the object. South, 
 
 D I S 
 
 4. To fill the mind with contrary considt- r- 
 rations; to perplex; to confound; to 
 harass. 
 
 While I sulTer thy terrors I am distracted. Ps. 
 Come, cousin, canst thou quake, and change 
 thy colour. 
 Murder thy breath in middle of a word. 
 And then again begin, and stop again. 
 As if thou wert distraught and mad with terror ' 
 Shakesp, Rich. III'. 
 It would burst forth ; but I recover breath • 
 And sense distract to know well what I utter.' 
 
 Milton's Agonistes. 
 He possesses a quiet and cheerful mind, not af- 
 flicted with violent passions, or distracted with im- 
 moderate cares. Rai/. 
 If our sense of hearing were a thousand times 
 quicker than it is, liow would a perpetual noise 
 distract us ! We should, in the quietest retirement, 
 be less alile to sleep or meditate than in the 
 middle of a sea-fight. Locke. 
 
 5. To make mad : properly, by an unsettled 
 and vagrant fancy ; but, popularly, to 
 make mad in whatever mode. 
 
 Wherefore throng you hither ?— 
 — To fetch my poor distracted husband hence 
 Let us come in, that we may bind him fast, 
 And bear hiui liome for his recovery. 
 
 Shakesp, Comedy of Erroitrs. 
 Better I were distract. 
 So should my thoughts be sevcr'd from my griefs, 
 And woes, by wrong imagination, lose 
 The knowledge of themselves. Shak. King Lear. 
 She was unable in strength of mind to bear the 
 grief of his disease, and fell distracted of her wits. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 You shall find a distracted man fancy himself a 
 
 king, and with a right inference require suitable 
 
 attendance, respect, and obedience. Locke. 
 
 Distra'ctedly. adv. [from distract!] 
 Madly ; frantickly. 
 
 IMethought her eyes had cross'd her tongue ; 
 For she did speak in starts distractedlii, 
 
 Shakesp, Tivelfth Night. 
 
 Distra'ctedness. n.s. [from distract.] 
 The state of being distracted; madness, 
 Distra'ction. n. s. [distraclio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Tendency to different parts; separa- 
 tion. 
 
 While he was 3'et in Rome, 
 His power went out in such distractions, as 
 Beguil'd all spies. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 2. Confusion ; state in which the attention 
 is called different ways. 
 
 Never was known a night t)f such distraction. 
 Noise so confus'd and dreadful ! jostling crowds. 
 That run and knew not whither. 
 
 Dryd, Span, Fr, 
 
 What may we not liope from him in a time of 
 quiet and tranquillity, since, during the late dis- 
 tractions, he has done so mucli for the advantage 
 of our trade? Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 3. Perturbation of mind ; violence of some 
 painful passion. 
 
 The irascible passions follow the temper of the 
 heart ; the concupiscible d'lstractians, the crasis of 
 the liver. Broun, 
 
 The distraction of the children, who saw both 
 their parents expiring togetlier, would have melt- 
 ed the hardest heart. Tatter. 
 
 4. Madness; frantickness ; loss of the wits ; 
 vagrancy of the mind. 
 
 Madam, this is a meet distraction: 
 You turn the good we otVer into envy. Shakesp 
 
 So to mad l^eiuheus double Thebes appears. 
 And furies howl in his distemper'd ears; 
 Orestes so, with like aistraction tost. 
 Is made to fly his mother's angry ghost. Waller 
 
 Commiserate all those who labour under a set 
 tied distraction, and who are shut out from all the 
 pleasures and advantages of human commerce. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 564
 
 D I S 
 
 5. Disturbance ; discord; difference of sen- 
 timents. 
 
 The two armies lav quiet near each otlier, 
 \viih(nit iiiipruviii^ the confusion and libitraction 
 wliich the king's furces were tou inucli inclined 
 to. Clanudnii. 
 
 Distra'ctive. adj. [from dislract,] Caus- 
 ing perplexity. 
 
 Oft {^riiwu unmindful through distracthe cares, 
 I've :>iretLh*d my arms, and touch'd him un- 
 awares. Dryden. 
 
 To DISlllA'lN. r. a. [from disfringo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To seize; to lay hold on as an indemni- 
 fication for a debt. 
 
 Hl-ic\ I'c'.uiftyrH, tliat regards not Gud nor kiii'', 
 Ildth here distrain d the Tower to liis use. Shale, 
 
 2. To iciid ; to tear : not in use. Spens(r. 
 To Dii;tka'in. v. n. To make seizure. 
 
 'i'he e.u/ answered, I will not lend money to mj 
 
 superior, upon whom I cannot distrain for tlie debt. 
 
 Camden's licntuins. 
 
 BUod, Ins rent to have regain'd 
 
 Upon th(! British diadem distrain'd. Manuel. 
 
 Distra'iner. ?i. i. [from di strait!.] He 
 that seizes. 
 
 DrsTRA'iNT. 71. s. [Irom distrain.] Sei- 
 zure. Diet. 
 
 DlSTR.A^'UGHT.;jrtr/. adj. [from distract.] 
 Distracted. 
 
 He had heen a good military man in Ids days, 
 I.ut was then diitrau^^ht of liis wits. Camd. Rem. 
 
 DISTRE'SS. H. s. [destresse, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of making a lej^al seizure. 
 
 He would lirM demand his debt ; and, if he were 
 
 not paid, he would straight go and take a distress 
 
 of goods and cattle, where he could find them, to 
 
 the value. Spenstr. 
 
 Quoth she, some say the soul's secure 
 
 Against distress and forfeiture. Hudibras. 
 
 2. A comptdsion in real actions, by which a 
 man is assured to appear in court, or to 
 pay a debt or duty which he refused. 
 
 Co well. 
 
 3. The thing seized by law. 
 
 4. Calamity ; misery ; misfortune. 
 
 There can 1 sit alone, unseen of an^', 
 And to the nightingale's complaining notes 
 Tune my distre^es, and record my woes. Shakcsp. 
 
 There shall be signs in the sun, and in the 
 nioon, and in the stars ; and upon earth distress of 
 natifins, with perplexity, the sea and the waves 
 roaring. _ Luke, x\i. S?5. 
 
 People in affliction or distress cannot be hated 
 by generous minds. Clarissa. 
 
 To DiSTRE'ss. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To prosecute by law to a seizure. 
 
 2. To harass ; to make miserable ; to crush 
 with calamity. 
 
 Distress not the Jloabites, neither contend witli 
 lliem in battle. Deut. ii. 9. 
 
 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan. 
 
 2 Sam. i. 26. 
 
 Distre'ssful. adj. [distress and/ull.] 
 
 1. Miserable; full of trouble; full of 
 noisery. 
 
 I often did beguile her of her tears. 
 When I did speak of some distres-^'nl stroke 
 That my youth suH'er'd. 'Slmkesji. Othello. 
 
 The e'wes still folded, with distended thighs, 
 Unmilk'd, lay bleeting in distres-fut cries. 
 
 Pope's Odysscti. 
 
 Distressful and desolating events, which have at- 
 tended tlie uiistakes of politicians, should be pre- 
 sent in their minds. Watts. 
 
 2. Attended with poverty. 
 
 He. witli a body lill'd, and vacant mind, 
 Gets him to rest, cramm'd with distres.fnl bread. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To DISTRIBUTE, v. a. [dislribuo, Lat.] 
 
 D T S 
 
 To divide amonpst more than two ; td 
 deal out; to dispensate. 
 
 The king sent over a great store of gentlemen 
 and warlike [leople, amongst whom he distributed 
 the land. Spcti-Kr. 
 
 I'he spoil got on the Antiates 
 Was not distr'dmtcd. Shakesp. Coriolanus- 
 
 She did <tistrihute her goods to all them that 
 were nearest of kindred. Judith. \vi, 21. 
 
 Distributer, n. s. [from distribute.] 
 One who deals out any thing ; a dis- 
 penser. 
 
 I'hcrc were judges and distributers of Justice ap- 
 pointed for the several ].-arls of his donnnions. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Of that peculiar matter out of which the bodies 
 of vegetables and of animals arc formed, water is 
 the commoir vehicle and distrihtiter to the parts of 
 those bodies. Wooduard. 
 
 Distribu'tion. 71. s. [distril/iilio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of distributing or dealing out 
 to others; dispensation. 
 
 Of great riches there is no real use, exce|>t it be 
 in the distribution. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Providence has made an equal distribution of na- 
 tural gifts, whereof each creature severally has a 
 share. L'Estran<re. 
 
 Every man in a great station would imitate tlie 
 queen in the distribution of oflices in his disposal. 
 
 Suijt. 
 
 2. Act of giving in charity. 
 
 Let us govern our charitable distr'd}utions by tliis 
 pattern of nature, and maintain a mutu:d circula- 
 tion of benelits and returns. Atterhurit. 
 
 3. [In logicli.] As an integral whole is dis- 
 tinguished into its several parts by divi- 
 sion ; so the word distriliutio7i is most 
 properly used, when we distitigui.sh a 
 univer.sal whole into its several kinds of 
 species. Watts. 
 
 Distri'butive. adj. [from distrilmlivc.] 
 
 1. That which is employed in assigning to 
 others their portions ; as, distributive 
 justice, that which allots to each his sen- 
 tence or claim. 
 
 If justice will take all, and nothing give. 
 Justice inethinks is not distributiee. Drydtn. 
 
 Observe the distributive justice of the authors, 
 which is constantly ajiplied to the punishment of 
 virtue, and the reward of vice, directly opposite 
 to the rules of their best criticks. Su-ift. 
 
 2. Tliat which assigns the various species 
 of a general term. 
 
 Distri'butively. adv. [from distribu- 
 tife.] 
 
 1. Ry distribution. 
 
 2. Singly ; particularly. 
 
 Although we cannot be free from all sin collec- 
 tively, in such sort that no jmrt thereof shall be 
 found inherent ill ns ; yet, distributively at the 
 least, all great and grievous actual olFences, as 
 tliev oiler themselves one by one, both may and 
 ought to be by all means avoided. Hiwker. 
 
 3. In a manner that expresses singly all 
 the particidars included in a general 
 terra ; not collectively. 
 
 An universal term is sometimes taken collec- 
 tively for all its particular ideas united together ; 
 and sometimes distributively, meaning each of tiicm 
 single and alone. IVatrs's Ln/ji'ci. 
 
 District, n. s. [disti\clus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The circuit or territory williin which a 
 man may be compelled to appearance. 
 
 Cowdl. 
 
 2. Circuit of authority ; piovince. 
 
 His governors, who formed themselves upon the 
 example of their grand monarque, ])raetised all the 
 avis of despoiick government in their respective 
 liiifricls. /liWisiiii. 
 
 D T S 
 
 With stem distaste arow'd. 
 To their own diaricts drive the suitor crowd. 
 
 Pope's Odyuey 
 3. Region ; country ; territory. 
 
 Those districts which between the Iropicks lir. 
 The scorcliing beams, directly darted, fty.Blachm. 
 Dlstriction. n. «. [dittrictus, Lat.] 
 Sudden display, A word little use<L 
 
 Avniile |ilavs with a surprizing agreeabler.ess in 
 the eye, brealcs out with the bnghtest dislrictiim, 
 and sits like a glory upon the countenance. 
 
 Collier on the Afpecl. 
 To DlSTRv'sT. r.rt. [dis and t nut.] To 
 regard with diffidence; to diffide in; 
 not to trust 
 
 He sheweth himself unto such as do not d'atrutt 
 him. Wiiiem. 
 
 Distrust. 71. J. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Discredit ; loss of credit ; loss of confi» 
 dence. 
 
 To me reproach 
 Rather lielongs, distrust, and all dispraise. Milton. 
 
 2. Suspicion ; want of faith ; want of confi- 
 dence in another. 
 
 Vou doubt not me ; nor have 1 spent my blood. 
 To have my faith no better understood : 
 Your soul's above the baseness of distrust ; 
 Nothing but love could make yon so unjust. Dryd. 
 
 Distrustful, adj. [distriul and full.] 
 
 1. Apt to distrust ; suspicious. 
 
 Gcneinls often harbour distrustful tbouehts In 
 (heir breasts. Boyle's SeraphicK Lmt. 
 
 2. Not confident; diffident. 
 
 'I'he great corrupt' rs of discourse have not been 
 so distrustful of themselves. Ginrm. of the Toltg^^4. 
 
 3. Diffident of himself ; modest; timorous. 
 
 Distrustful sense with modest caution speaks ; 
 But rattling nonsense in full vollies breaks. Pope, 
 
 DiSTRU'sTFULLY. udv. [from distrust- 
 friL] In a distrustful manner. 
 
 DiSTRu'sTFULNESS. n, s. [from distrust- 
 ful.] The state of being distrustful ; 
 >\ ant of confidence. 
 
 To DISTURB. V. a. [disturbo, low Lat.] 
 
 1. To peqjlex ; to disquiet ; to deprive of 
 tranquillity. 
 
 He that has his own troubles, and the happiness 
 
 of his neighbours, to disturb him, has work enough. 
 
 Collier on Enry. 
 
 Flisyouthwithwants and hardshipsmust engage: 
 Plots and rebellions must disturb his age. Priffr. 
 
 2. To confound; to put into irregular mo- 
 tions. 
 
 3. To interrupt ; to hinder : as, care dis- 
 turbs study. 
 
 4. To turn off from any direction : with 
 frnm. This is not usual. 
 
 It oft-times may succeed, so as perhaps 
 Shall grieve him, if I fail not ; and disturb 
 His inmost counsels fivm their destin'd aim. Milt. 
 
 Disturb, jj. .«. [from tlie verb.] Confu- 
 sion ; tumultuary emotion. 
 
 Instant without <ii5tur& thev took alarm. 
 And onward move embatterd. Milton. 
 
 Distu'rbance. n. J. [from disturb.] 
 
 1. Perplexily ; interruption of a settled state. 
 
 The denominatitui of money concerns trade, ard 
 the alteration of that necessar'ily brings disturbance 
 to it. Locke. 
 
 2. Confusion ; disorder of thoughts. 
 
 They can survey a variety of coiuplicated ideas 
 without fatigue or distitrbance. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 3. Tumult; violation of peace. 
 
 This mischief had not then befall'u, 
 Au'i more that shall befal : innumerable 
 Disturbances on cirth through female snares. Miit, 
 
 Disturber, tt. s, [from disturb.] 
 
 566
 
 '! 
 
 D I S 
 
 1. A violater of peace; he that causes tu- 
 mults and publick disorders. 
 
 He stands in the sight buth of God and men 
 most justly hlameahle, as a needless ilistiirber uf the 
 peace uf God's cliurch, aiid an author of dtssen- 
 sicjii. Hooker. 
 
 flien that make an insult upon society, ought to 
 be humbled, as dUturbers of the publick tramjuil- 
 lity. Addison. 
 
 Ve great liisturbers, who in endless noise, 
 In blood and horror, seek uiniatiiral joys ; 
 For what is all this bustle, but to sliun 
 Thove thoughts with whicli you dare not be alone ? 
 
 Granville. 
 
 2. He that injures tranquillity; he that 
 causes perturbation of mind. 
 
 Two deep enemies, 
 Foes to my rest, and ray sweet sleep's disturbers. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 To Distu'rn. v. a. [dis and turn.] To 
 turn off; to turn aside. Not in use. 
 
 He glad was to distitrn that furious stream 
 Of war on us, that else had swallow 'd llicm. Dan. 
 
 Disvalua'tion. n. s, [dis and valua- 
 tion.] Disgrace ; diminution of reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 What can be more to the d'tsvaluation of the 
 power of the Spaniard, than that eleven thousand 
 fcnglish aliould have marched into the heart of liis 
 countries ? Bacon. 
 
 To Disva'lue. u, a. [dis and value.] To 
 undervalue; to set a low price upon. 
 
 Her reputation was diwalued 
 In levity. Shakesji. Measure jor Measure. 
 
 The very same pride which prompts a man to 
 vaunt and overvalue what he is, does as forcibly 
 incline hira to contemn and disavow what he has. 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 To Disve'lop. v. a. [developer, Fr.] To 
 
 uncover, 
 Disu'nion. n. s. [dis and union,] 
 J, Separation; disjunction. 
 
 Rest is most opposite to motion, the immediate 
 cause of disunion. Glanvdlts Scepsis. 
 
 Disunion of the corporeal principles, and the 
 vital, causeth death. Crew's Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 Let not peace be made before the diuinioji of 
 France and Spain. Addison's State of the War. 
 
 The strength of it will join itself to France, arid 
 
 grow the closer to it by its disunion from the rest. 
 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 2. Breach of concord. 
 
 To Disunite, r. a. [dis and unite.] 
 
 1. To separate; to divide. 
 
 The beast they then divide, and disunite 
 The ribs and limbs. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. To part friends or allies. 
 
 To Disuni'te. v. n. [dis and unite.] To 
 
 fall asunder ; to become separate. 
 
 While every particular member of the publick 
 provides s(Jely for itself, the several joints of the 
 bod^' politick'do separate and disunite, and so be- 
 come unable to support the whole. South. 
 
 Disu'nity. 71. s. [dis andujiitj/.] A state 
 of actual separation. 
 
 Disunity is the natural |>roperty of matter, which 
 is nothing else but an infinite congeries of physical 
 monads. 'More. 
 
 Disu'sAGE. n. s. [dis and usage.] The 
 gradual cessation of use or custom. 
 
 The^' cut otf presentl}' such things as might be 
 extinguished without danger, leaving the rest to be 
 abolislied by rfisKSu^'c through tract of time. /ioo/:er. 
 
 Disii'SE. n. s. [dis and use.] 
 
 1, Cessation of use; desuetude ; want of 
 practice. 
 
 The disuse of the tongue is the only etfectual re- 
 medy against these. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 2. Cessation of custom. 
 
 That obligation upon the lands did not prescribe^ 
 
 D I T 
 
 or come into disuse, but by fifty consecutive years. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 To Disu'sE. V. a. [dis and use.] 
 
 1. To cease to make use of. 
 
 'Tis law, though custom now diverts tile course : 
 As nature's institute is yet in force, 
 Uncancell'd though ilisiis'd. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 Priam inarms distis'd invests his limbs decay 'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To disaccustom : with /rum or to; more 
 properly from. 
 
 Disuse me from tlie queasy pain 
 Of being belov'd and loving. Donne. 
 
 He shall his troops for fighting fields prepare, 
 Disusd to toils and triumphs of the war. 
 
 Dryden s Jflneid. 
 
 To Disvo'ucH. V. a. [dis and vourh.] 
 To destroy the credit of; to contradict. 
 
 Every letter he hath writ hatli disiiouch'd ano- 
 ther. Shakcsp, 
 
 Diswi'tted. adj. [dis and wit.] De- 
 prived of the wits ; mad ; distracted. A 
 word not in use. 
 
 She ran away alone , 
 Which when they heard, "there was not one 
 But hasted after to be gone. 
 As she had been diswiilrd. Drayton's Nymphid. 
 DiT. n. s. [dicht, Diit.] A ditty ; a 
 poem ; a tune. Obsolete. 
 
 No bird but did her shrill notes sweetly sing ; 
 No song but did contain a lovely dit. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Dita'tion. n. s. [dilatus, Lat.] The act 
 of enriching. 
 
 Those eastern worshippers intended rather iio- 
 mage than dilation ; the oltssed virgin comes in the 
 form of poverty. Hall's Contemplations. 
 
 DITCH. «. s. [bic, Sax. diik, Erse.] 
 
 1. A trench cut in the ground, usually be- 
 tween fields. 
 
 SoHie asked for manors, others for acres that 
 lay convenient for them ; that he would pull down 
 his fences, and level his ditches. 
 
 Arhuthnot's History of' John Bull. 
 Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim. 
 
 Tliomsan. 
 
 2. Any long narrow receptacle of water: 
 used sometimes of a small river in con- 
 tempt. 
 
 In the great plagues there were seen, in divers 
 ditches and low grounds about London, many 
 toads that had tails three inches long. Bacon. 
 
 3. The moat with which a fortress is sur- 
 rounded. 
 
 The ditches, such as tliey were, were altogether 
 dry, and easy to be passed over. Knolks. 
 
 4. Ditch is used, in composition, of any 
 thing worthless, or thrown away into 
 ditches. 
 
 Poor Tom, when the foul fiend rages, eats cow- 
 dung for sallets, swallows the ola rat, and the 
 diicA-dog. Shakes]). 
 
 To Ditch, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 make a ditch. 
 
 I have employed ray time, besides ditching, in 
 finishing my travels. Swift. 
 
 DiTCH-DEtlVERED. odj. [dit ch and de- 
 liver.] Brought forth in a ditch. 
 
 Finger of birth-strangled babe, 
 Ditch-deliver d by a dran. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Di'tcher. n. s. [from ditch.] One who 
 
 digs ditches. 
 
 You merit new employments daily. 
 Our thalcher, ditcher, gard'iier, baily. Suift. 
 
 Dithyra'mbick. n. s. [dithyrambus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 ] . A song in honotir of Bacchus ; in which 
 anciently, and now among the Italians, 
 the distraction of ebriety is imitated. 
 
 D I V 
 
 2. Any poem written with wildness and 
 
 enthusiasm. 
 Dithyra'mbick. ad/. Wild; enthusias- 
 tick. 
 
 Pindar does new words and figures roll 
 Down his impetuous dithiframbick tide. Cowley. 
 Ditta'nder. n. s. The same with pep- 
 
 perwort. 
 Di'ttany. n. s. [dictamnus, Lat.] 
 
 Dittany hatli been renowned, for many ages, 
 upon the account of its sovereign qualities ia 
 medicines. It is generally brouglit over dry from 
 the Levant. 'Rliller. 
 
 Virgil reports of dittany, that the wild goats eat 
 it when they are shot with darts. 
 
 More's Antidote against Atheism. 
 Di'ttied. adj. [from ditty.] Sung ; adapt- 
 ed to musick. 
 
 He, with his soft pipe, and smooth dittied song, 
 
 Well knows to still the wild winds when they 
 
 roar. Milton. 
 
 DITTY, n. s. [dicht, Dut.] A poem to 
 be sung; a song. 
 
 Although we lay altogether aside the considera- 
 tion of ditty or matter, tlie very harmony of sounds 
 being tramed in due sort, and carried fi^om the ear 
 to tiie spiritual faculties of our souls, is, by a na- 
 tive puissance and etficacy, greatly available to 
 bring to a perfect temper whatsoever is there 
 troubled. Hooker, 
 
 Being young, I framed to the harp 
 Many an English ditty lovely well, 
 And gave the tongue a helpful ornament. Shah. 
 
 Strike the melodious harp, shrill timbrels ring. 
 And to the warbling lute soft ditties sing. Sandys. 
 
 His annual wound in Lebanon, allur'd 
 The Syrian damsels to lament liis fate. 
 In am'rous ditties, all a summer's day. Milton. 
 
 Mean while tiic rural ditties were not route, 
 Temper'd to th' oaten fiute ; 
 Rough satyrs danc'd. Milton. 
 
 Thev will be sigh ing and singing under thy in- 
 exorable windows lamentable ditties, and call thee 
 cruel. Dryden, 
 
 Diva'n. 71. s. [an Arabick or Turkish 
 word.] 
 
 1 . The council of the Oriental princes. 
 
 2. Any council assembled : used commonly 
 in a sense of dislike. 
 
 Forth rush'd in haste tlic great consulting peers, 
 Rais'd from the dark diran, and with like joy 
 Congratulant approach'd iiim. Milton. 
 
 Swift to tlie queen the herald Jledon ran. 
 Who heard the consult of the dire divan. 
 
 Pope's Odtissey. 
 
 To DIVA'RICATE. i'. n. [divaricatti's, 
 Lat.] To be parted into two ; to be- 
 come bifid. 
 
 The partitions are strained across : one of llieni 
 
 d'lvaricates into two, and another into several small 
 
 ones. Woodward. 
 
 To Diva'ricate. v. a. To divide into 
 
 two. 
 
 a slender |>ipe is produced forward towards the 
 throat, whereinto it is at last inserted, and is there 
 dvaricated, after the same manner as the sper- 
 inatick vessels. Grew. 
 
 Divarica'tion. n. j. [divaricatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Partition into two. 
 
 Dogs running before their masters, will stop at 
 a divarication of the way, till they see which hand 
 their masters will take. Ray. 
 
 2. Division of opinions. 
 
 To take away all doubt, or any probable divari- 
 cation, the curse is plainly specified. 
 
 Broun s Vnlg. Firoun, 
 
 To DIVE. V. 11. [bippan, Sax.] 
 1. To sink voluntarily under water. 
 
 I am not yt t informed, whether when a diver 
 divelh, having his eyes open, and swininieth upon 
 his back, he sees things m the air greater or less. 
 Bacon's Nat. Hitt. 
 
 556
 
 D I V 
 
 Around our pole tlic spiry dragon glides, 
 And, like a winding stream, the bears divides, 
 The less and greater ; who, hy fate's decree, 
 Abhor to dive beneatli the southern sea. 
 
 Drydens Tirgi7. 
 
 That the air in the blood-vessels of live bodies 
 has a communication with (he outward air, I 
 think, seems plain, from the experiments of hu- 
 man creatures being able to hear air of much 
 greater density in diving, and uf much less upon 
 the tops of mountains, provided the cliangcs be 
 made gradually. Arhntlinot. 
 
 2. To go under water in search of any thing. 
 
 Crocodiles defend those pearls which lie in the 
 lakes : the poor Indians are eaten up by them, 
 when they dive for the pearl. Raleigh's History. 
 
 The knave deserves it, when he teni|iis llio main, 
 Where folly fights for kings, or dives fur ^ain. Pope. 
 
 S. To go deep into any question, doctrine, 
 or science. 
 The wits thai div*d most deep, and soar'd most 
 high, 
 Seeking man's pow'rs, have found his weakness 
 such. Vavies. 
 
 He performs all tins out of his own fund, v.itliout 
 diving into the arts and sciences for a supply. 
 
 JJryrfen. 
 Whensoever we would proceed beyond those 
 simple ideas, and dive farther into the nature of 
 things, we fall presently into darkness and ob- 
 scurity. , Locke. 
 
 You swim a-top, and on the surface strive ; 
 But to the depths of nature never dive. Bluckmare. 
 You shouJd have divd into mv inmost thoughts. 
 ^ ^ Philips. 
 
 4. To inimerge into any business or con- 
 dition. 
 
 Sweet prince, th* untainted virtue of your years 
 Hath not vet t/iy'rf into the world's deceit. 
 Nor can d^istinguish. Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 5. To depart from observation; to sink. 
 
 Dive, thoughts, down to my soul. Shakesp. 
 
 To Dive. v. a. To explore by diving. 
 
 Then Brutus, Rome's first martyr, 1 must name ; 
 The Curtii bravely divd the gulpii of fame. 
 
 Denkam. 
 
 To Div^'luv. a, [divellOy 'La.t,] To pull; 
 to separate ; to sever. 
 
 They begin to separate ; and may be easily dt- 
 velled or parted asunder. Brnu>n's Vnlg. En: 
 
 Dl'vER, n. s. [from dive.'\ 
 
 1. One that sinks voluntarily underwater. 
 
 Perseverance gains tlie diver s prize. 
 
 Pope's Dnjiciad. 
 
 2. One that goes under water in search of 
 treasure. 
 
 It is evident, from the relation of divers and 
 fishers for pearls, that there are many kinds of 
 shell-fish wliich lie perpetually concealed in the 
 deep, skreened from our sight. Woodward. 
 
 3. He that enters deep into knowledge or 
 study. 
 
 He would have him, as T conceive it, to be no 
 superficial and floating artificer ; but arfirerinto 
 CHUaes, and into the mysteries of proportion. 
 
 lt'o((Dn's Architecture. 
 
 To DIVERGE, v. n. [divergo, Lat ] To 
 tend various ways from one point. 
 
 Homoeencai rays, wliicli flow from several 
 points ot any object, and fall perpendicularly on 
 any reflecting surface, shall afterwards diverge 
 from so many points. Keuion. 
 
 Dive'rgent. adj. [from dhergcns, Lat.] 
 Tending to various parts from one 
 point. 
 
 Di'vERS. arf/. [rfirersMi, Lat.] Several; 
 sundry ; more than one. It is now 
 grown out of use. 
 
 We have divers examples in the church of such 
 as, bj fear, being compelled to sacrifice to strange 
 gods, repented, and kept still the office of preach- 
 ing the gospel. U hiigiji. 
 
 D I V 
 
 The teeth breed when the child is a year and 
 a half old : then they cast them, and new ones 
 come about seven years ; but divers have backward 
 teeth come at twenty, some at thirty and forty. 
 
 Bacon's Katural History. 
 
 Divers letters were sliot into the city with ar- 
 rows, wherein Solynian's councils were revealed. 
 
 KiioUes. 
 
 Dirers friends thought it strange, that a white 
 dry bodv should acquire a rich colour upon the 
 crtiisioii of spring-water. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 Diverse, adj. [diversus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Different from another. 
 
 Four great beasts came up from the »ea, diverse 
 one from iinolher. Van v"- •^• 
 
 2. Different from itself; various ; multi- 
 form ; diffused. 
 
 Eloquence is a great and diverse thing, nor did 
 she yet ever favour any man so much as to be 
 wholly his. BenJoiiwn. 
 
 3. In different directions. It is little used 
 but in the last sense. 
 
 The gourd 
 And thirsty cucumber, when they perceive 
 Th' approaching olive, with resentment fly 
 Her fatty fibres, and with tendrils creep 
 Diverse, detesting contact. Philips. 
 
 To seize his papers. Curl, was next tliy care ; 
 His papers light fly diverse tost in air. 
 
 Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 Diversifica'tion. n. s. [from direr- 
 
 1. Tlie act of changing forms or qualities. 
 
 If you consider how variously several things 
 may be compounded, you will not w-onder that 
 such fruitful principles, or manners of diversifica- 
 tion, should generate differing colours. 
 
 Boxtle on Colours. 
 '2. Variation ; variegation. 
 
 3. Variety of forms ; multiformity. 
 
 4. Change; alteration. 
 
 This, which is here called a change of will, is 
 not a change of his will, but a change in the ob- 
 ject, which seems to make a diversijicntion of the 
 will, but indeed is the same will diversified. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To Dive'rsify. v. a. [(tivirsi^cr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To make different from another ; to dis- 
 tinguish ; to discriminate. 
 
 There may be many species of spirits, as much 
 separated and diversijied one from another as the 
 species of sensible things are distinguished one 
 from another. Locke. 
 
 Male souls are diversified with so many cliarac- 
 
 ters, that the world has not variety of materials 
 
 sufficient to furnish out their dili'erent inclinations. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 It was easier for Homer to find proper setiti- 
 ments for Grecian generals, than for Milton to 
 diversify his infernal council with proper cha- 
 racters, Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. To make different from itself; to vary ; 
 to variegate. 
 
 The country being diversified between hills and 
 dales, woods and jtlaius. one place more clear, 
 another more darksome, it is a pleasant picture. 
 
 Sidnetf. 
 
 There is, in the producing of some species, a 
 composition of matter, which may be nmch di- 
 rers'^ed. Bacon. 
 
 Dive'rsion. n. s. [from divert.'] 
 
 1. The act of turning any thing off from 
 its course. 
 
 Cutting off the tops, and pulling off the buds, 
 work retention of the sap for a time, and <fiirrsi>n 
 of it to the sprouts that were not forw ard. 
 
 Bacim's Kat. Histortj. 
 I have ranked this <iiter»ion of Christian practice 
 among the effects of our contentions. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 2. The cause by which any thing is turned 
 from its proper course or tenilency. 
 
 D I V 
 
 Fortunes, honour, friends, 
 Are mere divertiant from love's proper object. 
 Which only is itself. Ut-nham't SopAr. 
 
 3, Sport; something that unbends the mind 
 by turning it off from care. Uiversivn 
 seems to be someth'wig lighter than 
 amusement, and less forcible than pica- 
 srtre. 
 
 You for those ends whole davs in coonsil tit, 
 And the diversiffm uf your youth forget. WaiLer. 
 In the book of games and diirrtiam, the reader's 
 mind may be ±>upposed to be relaxed. 
 
 Addison t Spectator. 
 
 Such productions of wit and humnar as ezpoftC 
 
 vice ana folly, furnish useful divcrtiont to reaat-ri. 
 
 Addison's Freehoidtr. 
 
 4, [In war.] The act or purpose of drawing 
 the enemy off from some design, by 
 threatening or attacking a distant ]>art. 
 
 Diversity, n. s. [divtr&iU, Fr. from 
 diversiias, Lat.] 
 
 1. Difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness, 
 
 I'hen is there iu tliis diversity no contrarielj. 
 
 Hooker. 
 They cannot be divided, but they will prove 
 opposite ; and, not resting in a bare diitfrjity, rise 
 into a contrariety. South. 
 
 The most common dirersitii of human coii*tiiu- 
 tions arises from the solid parts, as to their difl'e- 
 rent degrees of strength and tension. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Atiment. 
 
 2. Variety. 
 
 The diiersity of ceremonies in lids kind ought 
 ■ot to cause dissension in churches. Hootur. 
 
 Society cannot subsist without a diversitif of sta- 
 tions ; and if God should grant every one a middle 
 station, he wouhi defeat the very scheme of hap 
 piiiess proposed in it. Fogcn. 
 
 3. Distinct being ; not identity. 
 
 Considering any thing as existing at any deter- 
 mined time and place, we compare it with itself 
 existing at another time, and thereon form the 
 ideas of identi*y and diivrsity. Locke. 
 
 4. Variegation. 
 
 A waving ^luw his bloomy beds disptayi 
 Blushing in bright diversities uf day. Pope. 
 
 Di'vERSLY. adv. [from diverse.] 
 
 1. In different ways; differently ; variously. 
 
 The lack we all have, as well of ghostly as of 
 earthly favours, is in each kind easily knovrn ; 
 but the pifts <.f God are so diiersly bestowed, tiiat 
 it seldom appeareth what all receive: what all 
 stand in need of seldom lieth hid. Hcokcr. 
 
 Botli of ihcm do divcrsly work, as they have 
 tlieir medium dii^rsly disponed. Bacon't A'at. Hi*t. 
 
 Whether the kin^ did permit it to save his 
 purse, or to communicate llie envy of a business 
 displeasing to his people, was divenly interpreted. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Leicester bewrayed a desire to plant him in ilic 
 queen's favour, which was diiXTj/w interpreted by 
 such as thnnebt that great artizan of courts t»t do 
 nothing bv diance, nor much bv affection. H"i>ft<m. 
 
 The uiiivcrsal matter, whicfi Moses compre- 
 licndelli under the names of heaven and earth, is 
 by divers divcrsiy understood. Raleigh's History. 
 
 \\ illiani's arm 
 Could nought avail, however fam'd in war ; 
 Nor armies lea^u'd. thai dii-enly assay'd 
 To curb his power. Philif-s. 
 
 2, In different directions ; to different 
 points. 
 
 On life's vast ocean diirrsty we sail ; 
 Reason the card, but passion is the gale. /' f e. 
 
 To DIVERT. V. a. [diverto, Lat.] 
 
 1, To turn off from any direction or course. 
 
 I rather will snbject me to the malice 
 Of a dii-erted blood and bloody brother. Shakesp. 
 
 Knots, by the conflux of the meeting sap, 
 Infect the sound pine, and divert his grain. 
 Torlivc and errant, from bis course of growth. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 557
 
 D I V 
 
 He finds no reason to have liis rent abated, be- 
 cause a greater part of it is diierted from his land- 
 lord. Lockf. 
 
 They diverttd ralllerv from improper objects, 
 and gave a new turn to ridicule. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Notbine more is requisite for pmducing all the 
 variety of colours, and dejrrees of rcfrjinsibility, 
 than thai the rays of lit;hthe bodies uf ditlerenl 
 sizes; the least uf which may make viulet, ihc 
 weakest and darkest of the colours, and be more 
 easily diverted by refracting surfaces from the right 
 course; and the rest, as ihev are bigccr and big- 
 
 fer, make the stronger aiid more lucid colours, 
 lue, ^ree.i, vellitw, nnd red, and be more and 
 more ditticultly dii'crled. Neuton. 
 
 2. I'o draw forces to a clifiPertMit part. 
 
 The kiiif^s of Encland would have had an abso- 
 lute conquest of Ireland, if their whole f)o\ver liad 
 been employed ; but slill there arose sundry occa- 
 sions, which" divided and diverted iheir power some 
 oilier way. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 3. To withdraw the mind. 
 
 Alas, huw simple, to these cates conipar'd. 
 Was that crude apple that diverted i!,\e ! 
 
 l\Iilton's Paradise Regaij^ed. 
 
 They avoid pleasure, lest they should have their 
 affections tainted by any sensuality, and diverted 
 from tlie love of him who is to be the only com- 
 fort. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Maro's muse, not wholly bent 
 On what is gainful, sometimes she diverts 
 FroTH solid counsel. Philips. 
 
 4. To please; to exhilarate. See Diver- 
 sion. 
 
 An ingenious gentleman did diveH or instruct 
 the kingdom by his papers. Suift. 
 
 5. To subvert ; to destroy ; in Shakespeare^ 
 unless it belong to the first sense. 
 
 Frights, clianges, horrours, 
 Divert and crack, rend and deracinate 
 Tlie unity and married calm of states. SItakesp. 
 DlVERTER. «. s. [from the verb.] Any 
 thinf;^ that diverts or alleviates. 
 
 Angling was, after tedious study, a rest to his 
 mind, a cheerer of his spirits, and a diverter o( 
 sadness. ]\'ahon. 
 
 To DIVERTI'SE. r. a. [divertiser, Fr. 
 dh'crlo, Lat.] To please ; to exhilarate ; 
 to divert. A word now little used. 
 
 Let orators instruct, let them divertise, and let 
 thera move us ; this is what is properly meant by 
 the word salt. Dryden. 
 
 Dive'rtisement. n. s. [divertissemtnf, 
 Fr.] Diversion ; delight ; pleasure. A 
 word now not much in use. 
 
 How fond si'evcr men are of bad dicertisemejit, 
 it will prove mirth which ends in heaviness. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Dive'rtive. adj, [from divert,] Recrea- 
 tive; aiiiusive; exhilarating. A word 
 not fully authorized. 
 
 I would not exclude the conunon accidents of 
 life, nor even things of a pleasant and divertive 
 nature, so they are ninocent, from couversatiou. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 To DIVE'ST. r. a. [devestir, Fr. The 
 English word is therefore more properly 
 YiYiXXen devest. See Devest.] To strip; 
 to make naked ; to denude. 
 
 Then of his arms Androgens he diverts ; 
 His swords, his shield, he takes, and plumed crests. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Let us direst the gay phantom of temporal hap- 
 piness of all that false lustre and ornaraeut in 
 which the pride, the passions, and the foHv of 
 men have dressed it up. Rogers. 
 
 Dive'sture. n. 5. [from divest.] The 
 act of putting oif. 
 
 The divcsture of mortality dispenses them from 
 those laborious and avocating duties which are 
 h«e requisite to be performed. 
 
 Boyle's Seraphick Love. 
 
 D I V 
 
 Divi'dable. adj. [from divide.] Sepa- 
 rate ; different ; parted. A Avord not 
 in use. 
 
 How could communities maintain 
 Peaceful commerce from dirididile shores ? Shakesp. 
 
 Divi'dant. odj. [from divide.] Differ- 
 ent ; separate. A word not in use. 
 
 Twinn'd brothers of one womb, 
 ^Vhose procreation, residence, and birth 
 Scarce is dividant, touch wiih several fortunes. 
 
 Shtdiesp. 
 To DIVIDE, r. a. [divide, Lat.] 
 
 1. To part one whole into different pieces. 
 
 Div de the living child into two, and give half 
 to the one, and half to the other. 1 Kings. 
 
 Let old Timoiheus ;)'ie!d the prize. 
 
 Or both divide the crown ; 
 He rais'd a mortal to the skies, 
 
 She drew an angel down. Dryd. St. Cecil. 
 They were divided into little independent socie- 
 ties, speaking ditrcreut languages. Locke. 
 
 2. To separate; to keep apart, by standing 
 as a partition between. 
 
 Let tliere be a firmament in the midst of the 
 waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 
 
 Genesis. 
 You must go 
 Vriiere seas, and uinds, and desartswill divideyou. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To disunite by discord. 
 
 There shall five In one house be divided. Luke. 
 
 4. To deal out; to give in shares. 
 
 Then in the midst a tearing groan did break 
 The name of Antliony : it was divided 
 Between her heart and lips. Shakesp. 
 
 Divide the prey into two parts : between them 
 tliat took the war upon them, who went out to 
 battle ; and between all the congregation. Numb. 
 
 Cham and Japliet were Iieads and princes over 
 their frfuiliies, and had a right to d/i'w/c the earth 
 by families. Locke, 
 
 To Divi'be. v. n. 
 
 1. To part; to sunder. 
 
 2. To break friendship. 
 
 Love cools, friendship falls off, 
 Brothers divide. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Dl'viDEND. 71. s. [from divide,] 
 
 1. A share; the part allotted in division. 
 
 Each person shall adapt to himself his peculiar 
 share, liKe other dividejids. Decay of' Piety 
 
 If on such petty merits 3^ou confer 
 So vast a jjrize, let each his portion share : 
 I\Iake a just dividend ; and, if not all, 
 The greater part to Diomede w ill fall. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 2. [In arithmetick.] Dividend is the num- 
 ber given to be parted or divided. 
 
 Cocker's Arithmetick. 
 Divi'der. 7?. s. [from divide.] 
 
 1 . That which parts any thing into pieces. 
 
 According as the body moved, the divider did 
 more and more enter into the divided body ; so it 
 joined itself to some new parts of the medium, or 
 divided body, and did in like nu.nner fursake 
 others. Dighy on the Soul. 
 
 2. A distributor ; he who deals out to each 
 his share. 
 
 \\'ho made me a judge or (i/rw/crovcryou ? Luke. 
 
 3. A disuniter; the person or cause that 
 breaks concord. 
 
 Money, the great divider of the world, bath, by 
 a strange revulution, been the great unitcr of a 
 divided people. Swift. 
 
 4. .A particular land of compasses. 
 
 Divi'dual. adj. [dividuns, Lat.] Divid- 
 ed ; shared or participated in common 
 ■vvith others. 
 
 She shines, 
 Revolv'd on heav'n's great axle, and ber reign 
 \^ ilh thousand lesser lights dividual holds, 
 "Wiih thousand thousand stars ! MiUon. 
 
 D T V 
 
 Divina'tion. n. s. [divinatio, Lat] 
 1. Divination is a prediction or foretelling 
 of future things, M'hich are of a secret 
 and hidden nature, and cannot be known 
 by any human means. 
 
 /lifUfft's Parergon. 
 
 Certain tnkens llicy noted in birds, or in the 
 
 entrails of beasts, or by other the like frivolous 
 
 diuinathm. Hunker. 
 
 Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, 
 
 neilliorls there any divination againstlsrael. 
 
 Numberi. 
 His countenance did imprint an awe. 
 And naluraily all souls to his did bow ; 
 
 As wands of divinatiim downward draw, 
 And point to beds where sov'reign gold doth grow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The excellenc3' of tlie soul is seen by its power 
 of divining in dreams : that several such dieina- 
 tiom have been made, none can question who be- 
 lieves the holy writings. Addison. 
 2. Conjectural presage or prediction. 
 Tell thou thy earl his divination lies. 
 And I will take it as a sweet disgrace. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV". 
 
 DIVINE. ar{J. [diviitvs, Lat.] 
 
 1. Partaking of the nature of God. 
 
 Her line 
 AVas hero-make, half human, ha\f divine. Dryden. 
 
 2. Proceeding from God ; not natural/ not 
 human. 
 
 The benefit of nature's light is not thought ex- 
 cluded as unnecessary, because the necessity of a 
 divine light is magnified. Hooker. 
 
 Instructed, you'd explore 
 Divine contrivance, and" a God adore. Blackmore 
 
 3. Excellent in a supreme degree. In this 
 sense it may admit of comparison. 
 
 The divintst and the richest mind. 
 Both by art's purchase and bv nature's dower, 
 Ihal ever was I'rom heav'n to earth confin'd. Dav. 
 
 4. Presageful ; divining ; prescient. 
 
 Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill, 
 Misgave him ; he the fault'ring measure felt. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Divine, n. s. 
 
 1. A minister of the gospel ; a priest ; a 
 
 clergyman. 
 
 Claudio must die to-morrow : let him be fur- 
 nished with divineSt and have all cliaritable pre- 
 paration. Shakesp. 
 
 Give IMartius leave to proceed in his discourse ; 
 for he spt)ke like a divine in armour. 
 
 Bacon's Holy IVar. 
 
 A divine has nothing to sav to the wisest con- 
 gregation, which he may not'express in a raaiiuer 
 to be understood by the meanest among them. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian. 
 
 Th' eternal cause in their immortal lines 
 Was taught, and poets were the first diviiies. 
 
 Denham. 
 To Divi'ne. f. a. [difino, Lat.] To fore- 
 tel; to foreknow ; to presage. 
 
 >V by dost thou say king Richard is depos'd ? 
 J)ar'st thou, thou Utile better thing than earth, 
 Dirine his downfal ? Shakesp. 
 
 To Divi'ne. v. n. 
 
 1. To utter prognostication. 
 
 Then is Ctesar and he knit together. If 1 
 
 were to divine of this unity, I would not prophesy 
 so. Shakesp. 
 
 The prophets thereof dii'iric for money. 
 
 Mic. iii. 11. 
 
 2. To feel presages. 
 
 If secret powers, 
 Suegest but truth to my divining thouglits. 
 Tilts pretty lad will prove our country s bliss. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. To conjecture ; to guess. 
 
 The best of commentators can but guess at his 
 meaning ; none can be certain be has divined 
 riulillv. Drtid. Juvenal, Dedication.
 
 D I V 
 
 He took it with a bow, and soon divind 
 The seeming toy was not for nought design *d. 
 
 Dry den. 
 la change of torment would he ease : 
 Could ^ou divine what lovers bear, 
 
 Eveci yoxi, Prometheus, would confess 
 There is no vulture like despair. GranvilU. 
 
 Divi'NELY. adv. [from divine.] 
 
 1. By the agency or influence of God. 
 
 pHith, as we use the word, called commonly di- 
 vinefaith, has to do with no propositions but ihosc 
 which are supposed to he divinely inspired. Locke. 
 
 This topick was very filly and divinelif mmie 
 nse of by our apostle, in his conference wiih phi- 
 losophers, and llie inquisitive people of Athens. 
 
 Benttey. 
 
 2. Excellently ; in the supreme degree. 
 
 The Grecians most divinely have given to tlie 
 active perfection of men, a name exprcssinj; both 
 beauty and goodness. }loi>hcr. 
 
 She fair, divinely fair ! fit love for gods. Milton. 
 Exalted Socrates ! divinely brave ! 
 Injur'd he fell, and dying he forgave ; 
 Too noble for revenge. Creech's Juvenal. 
 
 5. In a manner noting a deity. 
 
 His golden horns ap|jear'd. 
 That on the forehead shone divinely bright. 
 And o'er the banks dilfus'd a yellow light. Addis. 
 Divi'neness. n. s. [from divine.] 
 
 1. Divinity ; participation of the divine na- 
 ture. 
 
 Is it then impossible to distinguish the divineness 
 of tills book from tiiat wliich is humane? Grew, 
 
 2. Excellence in the supreme degree. 
 
 By Jupiter, an angel ! or, if n**t. 
 An earthly p;irag<)n : behold rfirj/if ness 
 No elder than a lit'}'. Shakesp, Cymheline. 
 
 Dlvi'NER. n. s. [from To divine.] 
 1, One that professes divination, or the art 
 of revealing occult things by superna- 
 tural means. 
 
 This drudseof the devil, this diviner, laid claim 
 to rae, called^ me 3)romio,and swore I was assured 
 to her; told me what privy marks I )iad about 
 me. Shahesp. Comedy qJ' Err. 
 
 Expelled his oracles, and common temples of 
 delusion, ?he devil runs into corners, exercisini! 
 meaner trumperies, and acting his deceits in 
 witches, magicians, diviners, and such inferior 
 seducers. Broims ^ulg. Err. 
 
 Conjecturer ; guesser. 
 
 If he himself be conscious of nothing he then 
 thought on, he must be a notable diviner if 
 thoughts, that can assure him that he was think- 
 ing. Loche. 
 
 Divi'neress. n. s. [from diviner.] A 
 proplietess ; a woman professing divina- 
 tion. 
 
 The mad didtiereis had plainly writ, 
 A time should come, but many ages yet. 
 In which siiiisterdestiniebordain, 
 A dame should drown with all her feather'd train. 
 
 Drydci/. 
 
 Divi'nity. n. s. [divinite, Fr. from di- 
 vinitasj Lat.] 
 
 1. Participation of the nature and excel- 
 lence of God ; deity; godhead. 
 
 As with new wine intoxicated both, 
 They swim in mirth, and fancy that they ftel 
 Divinity wiiliiii them breeding wings, 
 Wherewith to scorn the earth. Milton. 
 
 \A hen lie attributes divitiitij to otiier things 
 than God, it is only ^divinity by way of partici- 
 pation. * Stilling Jieet. 
 
 2. God ; the Deity ; the Supreme Being ; 
 the Cause of causes. 
 
 Tis tie Divinity that stirs within us. 
 'Tis Hcav'n itself that points out an hereafter. 
 And intiuiales eternity to man. Addison, 
 
 3. False j;od. 
 
 \ ain idols, deities that ne'er before 
 In Israel's lands had fix'd their dire abodes, 
 Beastly divinities, and droves of gods. Prior* 
 
 D I V 
 
 4. Celestial being. 
 Cod doubtless can govern this machine he could 
 
 create, by more direct and easy methods than em- 
 ploying These suhvcrvient divimtiri. Cheune 
 
 5. The science of divine things; theology. 
 
 Hear him hut reason in dit'nitu. 
 And, all admiring, with an inward wish 
 Vou would desire the king were made a prelate. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Trust not my age, 
 TMy reverence, calling, nor didnitu. 
 If this sweet lady lie not guiltless here 
 Under some biting errour. Shakesp. 
 
 Among hard words I number those which are 
 peculiar to divinity, as it is a science. Swift. 
 
 6. Something supernatural. 
 
 They say there is divinitu in odd numbers, 
 cillicr Hi nativity, chance, or dcal!i. Shakesp. 
 
 DIVISIBLE, adj. [diviuhiiis, Lat.] Ca- 
 p.tble of being divided into parts ; dis- 
 ceiptible; separable. 
 
 When we frame in our minds any notion of 
 matter, wc conceive notliing else but extensi-n 
 and bulk, which is impenetrable, or divisihle and 
 passive. Benttcv's Sermons. 
 
 Divisibi'lity. V. s. [divisibilite, Fr.] 
 The quality of admitting division or se 
 paratlon of parts. 
 
 The mo«t palpable absurdities will press the 
 asserters of infinite divisihility. Clanville's Scepsis. 
 
 This will easily appear to any oi.e, who will let 
 his th. ughts loose in the vast expansion of ^ace, 
 or divisiMity of matter. Locke. 
 
 Divi'siBLENESS. n. 5. [from divisible,] 
 Divisibility. 
 
 Naturalists disajiree about the origin of motion, 
 and the indefinite VJn*<(fc/r;jfM of matter. Boyle. 
 
 Dm'sioN, 71. s. [diviaio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of dividing any thing into parts. 
 
 2. The state of being divided. 
 
 Thou madesl the spirit of the firmament, and 
 connnuiided it to part asunder, and to make a 
 division betwixt ihe waters. '2 Esdr. vi. 41. 
 
 3. That by which any thing is kept apart; 
 
 partition. 
 
 4. The part which is separated from the 
 rest by dividing. 
 
 If Mc look into communities and divisions of 
 men, we observe that the discreet man, not the 
 witty, guides the conversation. Addison's Sped. 
 
 5. Disunion ; discord; difference. 
 
 There was a division among the people, because 
 of him. John, vii. 43. 
 
 As to our divisions wiili the Romanists, were 
 our diilerences the product of heat, they would, 
 like small clefts in the ground, want but a cool 
 season to cement them. Dicay of Fietv 
 
 6. Farts into which a discourse is distri- 
 buted. 
 
 In the divisitms I have made, I have endeavour- 
 ed, the best I could, to govern myself by the di- 
 versity of matter. Loi'ke. 
 
 Express the heads of your divisions in as few 
 and clear words as you can, otherwise I never can 
 be able to retain ihera. SiviJ't. 
 
 7- Space between the notes of musick, or 
 parts of a musical composure ; just time. 
 
 Thy tongue 
 Makes Welsh as sweet as ditties highly penn'd 
 Sung by a fair queen in a summer's bower, 
 With ravishing division, to her lute. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry TV. 
 
 Our tongue will run divisions in a tune, not 
 
 missing a note, even when our thoughts are totally 
 
 engaged elsewhere. GlanvilU: 
 
 8. Distinction. 
 
 I will put a division between my people and thy 
 people. Eifxins. 
 
 9. [In arithmetick.] The separation or part- 
 ing of any number or quantity given, 
 inlo any parts assigned. Cockci\ 
 
 D I V 
 
 10. Subdivision; distinction of the general 
 
 into species. 
 
 Abound 
 In the diiisitm of each several crime, 
 Acting it many ways. Shakap. Maebeth. 
 
 Divisor, n. s. [divisor, Lat.] T he num- 
 ber given, by which the divideMl is di- 
 vided ; the number which sheweth how 
 many parts the dividend is to be divided 
 into. 
 
 DIVORCE, n. *. [divorce, Fr. from di- 
 voriium, Lat.] 
 
 J. The legal separation of husband and wife;. 
 
 Divorce is a lawful separation of hu<barid ai.d 
 wife, made before a compeient judpe, on due cojr- 
 nizancc bad of the cause, and safficient proof 
 made thereof. Ayhjje'% Parergon. 
 
 To restore the king. 
 He counsels a dtvvce, a loss of her. 
 That like a jewel has hung twenty \ears 
 About his neck, yet never hiSt her bistre. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 He had in his eye tlie diiorre which had passed 
 betwixt the emperor and .Scribonia. 
 
 Drudcn's Dtdicatian toOie ^neid. 
 
 2. Separation ; disunion. 
 
 Such motions ma^* occasion a farther alienation 
 of miiid, and divorce of affections, in her. from my 
 religion. K. CharUs. 
 
 lliese thinps, to be a bastard, and to be born 
 out of lawful wedlock, are convertible the one 
 with the other ; and 'tis hard to make divorce be- 
 tween those things that are so near in nature t^j 
 each otiier, as being convertible terms. 
 
 Aylijfc's Parergon. 
 
 3. The sentence by which a marriage is 
 
 dissolved. 
 
 4. The cause of any penal separation. 
 
 Go with me, like good anirels, to mv end ; 
 And, as the long divorce of steel falls on me. 
 Make of your prayers one sweet sacrifice. 
 And lift hi3- soul lo heav'n. Shakesp. Henry Wll, 
 
 To Divo'rce. r. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To se|>arate a husband or wife from the 
 other. 
 
 2. To force asunder ; to separate by violence. 
 
 Were it consonant unto re.i^nn lo diixrrce these 
 two sentences, the fonut-r of which duili shew hoT 
 the latter is restrained, and, not marking the for- 
 mer, to conclude by the latter of them r Hooker. 
 
 The continent and the island were continued 
 together within men's reracmbraxice, by a draw- 
 bridge; but are now divorced by tlie downfJJcn 
 cli ffs. Careu's Survey cf ComtixtU. 
 
 So scem'd her youthful soul not eas'ly forc'd, 
 Or from so fair, so sweet a seat divorc'd. Waller, 
 
 3. To separate from another. 
 
 If thnu wert not clad, 
 I would div^^rce nic from tliy mother's tomb, 
 Sepulch'ring on adultress. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 If >u be it were possible, that all udier oma- 
 menls of mind might be had in their full perfec- 
 tion, neverti>i less the ni!nd that should possess 
 them, divorced from piety, could be but a spectacle 
 of commiseration. Hooker^ 
 
 4. To take away ; to put away 
 
 I dare not make myself so iiuillr. 
 To give up wiHincly that noble title 
 Vour master wed me to: notliing I at death 
 Shall e'er rfiivrrf my dignities. Sftiifco", //. VIII 
 
 Aerial pasture the lungs with gcnth 
 Constai:t embrace by turns, by turns :. 
 
 Divorcement, n. s, [from divorce] 
 Divorce; separation of marriage. 
 
 Write her a bill of diivrccment, and give it in 
 her hand, and scud her out of his bouse. 
 
 Dcii(. xxiv. 1. 
 Divo'rckr. ft, «. [from dirorrc] The 
 person or cause wluch produces divorce 
 or separation 
 
 5&9
 
 D I V 
 
 Dealh is the violent estr;mger of acquaintance, 
 the eternal divorcer of marriage. 
 
 Ummmmil's Cffpr. Grove. 
 
 Diure'tick. adj. [JiBf^Tix®-.] Having 
 the power to provoke urine. 
 
 Uiitretichs are decoctions, emuliions, and oils 
 f.f emollient vegetables, tliat relax the tirimri/ 
 passages : such as relax ought to be tried before 
 such as force and stimulate. Those emollients 
 ought to be taken in o|)en air, to hinder them from 
 persiiiring, and on empty stomachs. Arbnthnot. 
 
 Graciful as John, she moderates the reins,_^ 
 And whistles sweet her diurtlkk strains. Young. 
 
 DIURNAL adj. [diuriius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Relating to the day. 
 
 We observe in a day, which is a short year, the 
 greatest heat about two in the afternoon, when 
 the sun is past the meridian, which is the diumai 
 solstice, and the same is evident from the thernio- 
 nietcr. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Think, ere this diumai star 
 Leave cold the ni^ht, how we his galher'd beams 
 Reflected, may with matter sere foment. MiUon. 
 
 2. Constituting the day. 
 
 Why does he order the diumai hours 
 To leave earth's other part, and rise in ours ? 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. Performed in a day; daily; quotidian. 
 
 The prime orb, 
 Incredible bow swift, had thither rowl'd 
 Viurnal. Milton. 
 
 The diurnal and annual revolution of the sun 
 have been, from the beginning of nature, constant, 
 regular, and universally observable hy all mankind. 
 
 Loche 
 
 Diu'rnal. n. s. [diurnal. Fr.] A journal; 
 
 a day-book. 
 DiURNALLY. adv. [from diurnal.'] Daily; 
 
 every day. 
 As we make the enquiries, we shall rii!irn/i((y 
 
 connnunicate them to the publick. TatUr. 
 
 DiuTURNiTY. n. s. [diuturnitus, Lat.] 
 Length of duration. 
 
 , Such a coming, as it might be said that that 
 generation should not pass till it was fullilled, they 
 needed not suppose of such diuturmtj/. 
 
 Brown's VuL Err. 
 
 To DIVULGE. V. a. [divulgo, Lat.] 
 1. To publish ; to make publick ; to reveal 
 to the world. 
 
 IMen are better contented to have their com- 
 mendations suppressed, than the contrary much 
 divulgtd. Hooker. 
 
 I will pluck the veil of modesty from the so 
 seeming mistress Page, and divulge Page himself 
 for a secure and wilful Actcon. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windor. 
 These answers, in the silent night leceiv'd, 
 The king \\imx\i divulg'd, the laud believ'd 
 
 Dryden's ^neid. 
 You are deprived of the right over your own 
 sentiments, of the privilege of every human crea- 
 ture, to divulge or conceal tliem. Pope. 
 The cabinets of the sick, and the closets of the 
 dead, have been ransacked to publish private let- 
 ters, and divulge to all mankind the most secret 
 sentiments of iriendship. Pope. 
 2. To proclaim ; to declare by a publick 
 
 act. 
 
 This is true glory and renown, when God, 
 Looking on th earth, with approbation marks 
 The just man, and divulges him through heav'n 
 To all his angels, who with true applause 
 Recount his praises. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Divu'lger. n. s. [from diviilge.l A pub- 
 lisher; one that exposes to publick 
 view. 
 
 I tliink not any thing in my letters could tend 
 so much to my reproach, as the odious divulging 
 of them did to the infamy of the divulgers. 
 
 K. Charles. 
 
 Divu'lsion. n. s. [divuhio, Lat.] The 
 act of plucking away. 
 
 D O 
 
 Aristole, in his Ethicks, takes up the conceit 
 of the beaver, and the divulsum of his testicles. 
 
 Brown's T nig. Err. 
 
 To Dl'zEN. t'. a. [This word seems cor- 
 rupted from dighf.] To dress ; to deck ; 
 to rig out. A low word. 
 
 Your ladyship lifts up the sash to be seen ; 
 For sure I had diten'd you out like a queen. 
 
 bwijt. 
 
 Di'zzARD. n. s. [from dizzy. ] A block- 
 head ; a fool. Diet- 
 
 Dl'zziNESS. n. s. [from dizzy. ] Giddi- 
 ness; whirl in the head. 
 
 Fixed seriousness heats the brain in some to dis- 
 traction, and causeth an aching and dizziness m 
 sounder heads. OlanvilU. 
 
 DIZZY, adj. [bip, bipS. Sax.] 
 
 1. Giddy ; vertiginous ; having in the head 
 the sensation of turning round. 
 
 All on a sudden miserable pain 
 Suriiris'd thee, dim thine eyes and rfiity swam 
 In darkness. 
 
 2. Causing giddiness 
 
 *\ow leariui 
 
 low ! 
 
 Milton s Par. Lost. 
 How fearful 
 
 And diz'.y 'tis to cast one s eyes so 
 
 Shakesp, K. Lear. 
 
 3. Giddy; thoughtless. 
 
 What followers, what retinue canst thou gain ? 
 Or at thy heels the diiz V multitude. 
 Longer than thou canst feed them on thy cost ? 
 = Mdton. 
 
 To Dl'zzY. V. a. [from the adjective,] To 
 whirl round ; to make giddy 
 
 Not the dreadful spout. 
 Which shipnien do the hurricalio call, _ 
 Sball dizzii with more clamour Neptune s ear 
 In bis dekent, than shall my prcuupted sword 
 Fallin" on Diomede. Sfta/ccsp. Trodus and Cressida. 
 To divide him iiiventorially, would dr.zy the 
 arilhmetick of memory. Shukesj). 
 
 To DO. V. a. Thou dost, he doth or dues; 
 preter. did; part. pass. done, [bon. Sax. 
 doen, Dut.] 
 
 1 . To practise or act any thing good or bad. 
 Thou hast done evil above all that were before 
 
 thee. things. 
 
 Flee evil, and do good. fsalms. 
 
 2. To perform ; to achieve. 
 They help, who hurt so small ; 
 
 And he hath nothing done, that doth not all. Daniel. 
 
 Learn to live well, that thou may'st die so loo ; 
 To live and die is all we have to do. Denham. 
 
 What is the reason a man's arm won't smile 
 and frown, and do all the intellectual postures of 
 the countenance ? Collier. 
 
 3. To execute ; to discharge. 
 
 May one, tliat is a herald and a prince. 
 Do a fair message to his kingly ears ? 
 
 Sliakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 Pindarus is come 
 To do vou salutation from his master. 
 
 Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 The jury prayed of the senate a guard, that 
 
 thay might do their consciences. Bacon. 
 
 4. To cause. This structure is obsolete. 
 
 A fatal plague wliich m.iny did to dye. Xpenser. 
 
 Nought can quench mine inly fl.iming side. 
 Nor sea of liquor cold, nor lake of mire. 
 Nothing but deatl-, can do me to respire. lairyQ. 
 
 5. To transact. 
 The thing was not lione in a corner. _ 
 
 .4c(s, XXVI. 26. 
 
 6. To produce any effect to another. 
 
 If he did not care whether ho had tluir love or 
 no, he waved inditferently 'twixt doing them nei- 
 ther good nor harm. Shakesp. Conolanus. 
 
 Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame. 
 
 Shakc'p. 
 
 If there be any good thing to be done, 
 That may to thee do ease, and grace to me, 
 Slieak to me. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 'Tis true, I did so ; nor was it in vain : 
 1 She did me right, and satisfied my vengeance-Rou'e. 
 
 D O 
 
 You do her too much honour : she hath neither 
 sense nor taste, if she dares to refuse you. Swift. 
 
 7. To have recourse to; to practise as the 
 last effort : commonly in the form of a 
 passionate inten-ogation. 
 
 What will ye do in the end thereof? Jer. ▼. 31. 
 
 8. To perform for tlie benefit or hurt of 
 another. 
 
 I know what God will do for me. 1 Sam. xxii. 3. 
 Acts of mercy done to the poor, shall be accept- 
 ed and rewarded as done to our Saviour himself) 
 
 Atterbury. 
 0. To exert ; to put forth. 
 
 Do thy diligence to come shortly unto me. 
 
 2Tim. IT. 9. 
 
 10. To manage by way of intercourse or 
 dealing ; to have business; to deal. 
 
 I have been deterred by an indisposition from 
 having much to do with steams of so dangerous a 
 nature. Bin/lt. 
 
 What had I to do with kings and courts ? 
 My humble lot had cast me far beneath them. 
 
 Rouie. 
 
 11. To gain; to effect by influence. 
 It is much that a jest with a sad brow will do 
 
 with a fellow that iiever had the ache in his 
 shoulders. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 His queen, notwithstanding she had presented 
 him with divers children, and with a crown also, 
 though he would not acknowledge it, could do no- 
 thing with him. Bacon. 
 
 12. To make any thing what it is not. 
 Off with the crown, and with the crown his head ; 
 
 And whilst we breathe take him to do him dead. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 13. To finish; to end. 
 
 As for this mercy, 
 W^hich he intends for Lear and for Cordelia, 
 The battle done, and they within our power, 
 Shall never see his pardon. Shakesp. 
 
 Go to the reading of some part of the New 
 Testament, not carelessly, or in haste, as if you 
 had a mind to have done; but .attentively, as to 
 be able to give some account of what you have 
 read. Dnppa. 
 
 Gigantick hinds, as soon as work was done. 
 To their huge pots of boiling pulse would run. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 14. To conclude ; to settle. 
 
 They did their work and din'd, "rlor. 
 
 When all is done, there is no man can serve his 
 own interest better than by serving God. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 15. To put. 
 
 Why, Warwick, who should do the duke to 
 death > Shakesp. 
 
 The lord Aubrey Vere 
 Was done to death. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 16. The phrase, what to do with, signifies 
 how to bestow ; what use to make of ; 
 what course to take ; how to employ ; 
 which way to get rid of. 
 
 Jlen are many times brought to that extremity, 
 that if it were not for God, they would not know 
 iii/iae to do with themselves, or how to enjoy them, 
 selves for one hour. Tillotson. 
 
 To Do. I', n. 
 
 1 . To act or behave in any manner well 
 
 or ill. 
 
 Unto this day they do after the former manners : 
 they fear not the Lo'rd, neither do they after the 
 law and commandment which the Lord com- 
 manded the children of Jacob. 2 Kings. 
 
 As every prince should govern as he would de- 
 sire to be governed, so every subject ouglit to obey 
 as he would desire to be obeyed, according to the 
 maxim of doing as we would he done by. Temple. 
 
 2. To make an end ; to conclude. Tbia is 
 only in the compound preterite. 
 
 You may ramble a whole day, and every mo- 
 ment discover something new ; but when you 
 
 560
 
 DOC 
 
 have done, you will have but a confused notion 
 of Ihc [jlace. _ S//fcl(cl.)r. 
 
 3. To cease to be concerned with ; to cea^e 
 to care about ; to desist from notice or 
 practice : only in the compound preterite. 
 
 No men woulil muke use of ijisuiiited parties to 
 destroy one bofly, unless they were sure to master 
 them when they had dime ui(/i tliem. Stilimj^itet. 
 
 I have (lone with Cliaucer, when I have an- 
 swered some objections. ^ Drydcn. 
 
 We liave not yet done uitli assenting to propo- 
 sitions at first hearing, and understanding tlieir 
 terms. Locke. 
 
 Having done with sucli amusements, we give up 
 what we cannot disown. Pope, 
 
 4. To fare ; lo be with regard to sickness 
 or healtli. 
 
 Good woman, how dost thou ? 
 
 Tlic better tliat it pleases your good worship 
 
 to ask. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To succeed ; to fulfil a purpose. 
 
 Come, 'tis no matter; we shall do witliout liirn. 
 
 Addifon. 
 ^ou would do well to prefer a bill against all 
 kings and parliaments since the conquest ; and, 
 if that won t do, challenge the crown. 
 
 Collier on Duelling. 
 
 fi. To deal with. 
 
 No man, who hath to do with the king, will 
 think himself safe, unless you be his good angel 
 and guide him. Bacon 
 
 7. Tu do is used for any verb, to save the 
 repetition of the word : as, I shall come, 
 but if I do not, go away ; that is, if I 
 come not. 
 
 Thus painters Cupids paint, thus poets do 
 A naked god, blind, young, with arrows two. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 If any thing in the world deserve our serious 
 study aiid consideration, those principles of reli- 
 gion do. Tillotsnn. 
 
 Take all things which relax the veins ; for 
 what does so, prevents tvu vigorous a nrntion 
 through the arteries. Arbuthnot. 
 
 8. Do is a word of vehement command, 
 or earnest request : as, help mc, do ; 
 mnke haste, do. 
 
 !{ thou hast lost thy land, do not also lose thy 
 constancy ; and if thou must die a little sooner, 
 yet do not die impatienily.'/Viv^ Rule ofLiv. Holy. 
 
 — Loose me. — I will free thee. 
 ^Do, and Til be thy slave. Dryden's King .irth. 
 
 i). To do is put before verbs sometimes 
 
 expletively : as, / do love, or / tcve ; 
 
 I did love ; or / loved. 
 
 The Turks do acknowledge God the Father, 
 creator of heaven and earth, being the first P'U-- 
 son in the Trinity, though they den^' the rest. 
 
 Bacon's He/v War. 
 This just reproach their virtu" dots excite. 
 Drydejl's JEnfid. 
 Expletives their feeble aid (fo join. Pope. 
 
 10. Sometimes emphatically ; as, / do 
 hate him, but tcill not u-rong him. 
 
 Perdition catch niv soul 
 But I do love thee ; and when I luve thee not. 
 Chaos is come again. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 11. Sometimes by way of opposition : as, 
 /did tuve him, but scorn him now. 
 
 To DoAT. V. n. See To Dote. 
 
 DO'CIBLE. adj. [docilis, Lat.] Tract- 
 able ; docile ; easy to be taught. 
 
 The asinine feast of sow-thistles and brambles 
 is commonly set before them, as all the food and 
 entertainment of their tendercst and most dnihle 
 age. Milton. 
 
 Do'ciBLENESS. 71. s. [from docible.] 
 Teachableness ; docilit)' ; readiness to 
 learn. 
 
 I might enlarge in commendation of the noble 
 hound, as also of the dociblencss of dops in ge- 
 neral. Walton 5 Angler. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 DOC 
 
 DO'CILE. adj. [docilis, Lat.] 
 1. Teachable; easily instructed; tract- 
 alile. 
 
 Dogs soon grow accustomed to whatever they 
 are taught, and being docile and tractable, are 
 very useful. Klliit Voyage, 
 
 'i. With to before the thing taught. 
 
 Soon docile to the sicrel acts of ill, 
 With smiles Icould betray, with temper kill. Prior. 
 
 Doci'lity. n. s. [docilitt, Fr. from do- 
 cilitas, Lat.] Aptness to be taught; 
 readiness to learn. 
 
 All the perfection they allowed his understand- 
 ing was aptness and docility, and all that they at- 
 tributed to his will was a possibility to be virtu- 
 ous. Sonth. 
 
 What is more admirable than the fitness of 
 every creature for our use ? the docility of an ele- 
 phant, and the insitiency of a camel for travelling 
 indesarts? GrcuJ. 
 
 Dock. n. s. [oocca. Sax.] A plant ; a 
 weed. 
 
 The species are seventeen, ten of which grow 
 wild, several of them being used in medicnn- ; 
 and the sort called the oriental burdock, is said 
 to be the true rhubarb. Miller. 
 
 Nothing teems 
 But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs. 
 Losing botli beauty and utility. Shakesp. Iknry\ . 
 
 Jly love for gentle Dermot faster grows 
 Than von tall dork that rises to tiiy nose : 
 Cut down the dock, 'twill sprout again ; but know. 
 Love rooted out again will never grow. Swi/t. 
 
 DOCK. n. s. 
 
 1. The stump of the tail, which remains 
 after docking. 
 
 2. The solid part of the tail. 
 
 The tail of a great rhinoceros is not well de 
 scribed b^ Bontius. 1 he dock is about half an 
 inch thick, and two inches broad, like an apo- 
 thecary's spatula. Crew's Museum 
 
 Dock. n.. s. [as some imagine of Jo;^sro».] 
 A place where water is let in or out at 
 pleasure, where ships are built or laid ii]). 
 
 The boatswain and mariner may bring religion 
 to what dock they please. Hoael. 
 
 There are docia lor their gallies and men of war, 
 as well as work-houses for all land and naval pre- 
 parations. Addison 
 
 To Dock. v. a. [from dock a tail.] 
 
 1. To cut off a tail. 
 
 ■2. To cut any tiling short. 
 
 One or two stood constant centry, who docked 
 all favours handed ilown; and spread a huge in- 
 visible net between the prince and .•■ubject, through 
 which nothing of value could pass. 
 
 Swift's Eiaminer. 
 
 3. To cut off a reckoning; to cut off an 
 entail. 
 
 4. To lay the ship in a dock. 
 Do'cKET. n.s. A direction tied upon 
 
 goods; a summary of a larger writing. 
 
 DOCTOR, n. s. [doctor, Lat.] 
 
 1. One that has taken tlie highest degree 
 in the faculties of divinity, law, or phy- 
 sick. In some universities they have doc- 
 tors of musick. In its original import, 
 it means a man so well versed in his fa- 
 culty, as to be qualified to teach it. 
 
 No" woman had it, but a civil d,<ctor. 
 Who did refuse three thousand ducats of me. 
 And hees'd the ring Shakesp. Merchant oj Venice. 
 
 Then"s'tood ihere'np one in the councif, u Pha- 
 risee, named Gamaliel, adoclorof laws. .-IcIJ v. 34. 
 
 2. A man skilled in any profession. 
 
 Then subtle doctori scriptures made their pride. 
 Casuists like cocks, struck out each other's eyes. 
 
 Ucnham. 
 
 DOC 
 
 Each proselyte would vole his ioetor best, 
 Wiih absolute exclusion lo the rest. Dryden 
 
 '•i. \ pliysician ; one who undertakes the 
 cure of diseases 
 
 ^^y med'cine life may be prolong'd, vet death 
 Willseizc the ducurr too. Shakesp. Cymhetine,, 
 
 How docs your patient, doctor? — 
 — Not so sick, my lord. 
 As she is troubled with thick coming fancies. 
 
 Shakes}). Macbeth. 
 
 Childien will not lake those medicines from the 
 doctor's hand, which they will fr''m a iiurse or 
 mother. GoKmnunt of the Tongue. 
 
 To 'pothccaries let the learn'd prescribe. 
 That men may die without a double bribe ; 
 Let them but under their superiors kill. 
 When doctors first have sign'd the bloody bill. 
 
 Dtyden. 
 
 He that can cure by recreation, and make plea- 
 sure the vehicle of health, is a doctor at it in good 
 earnest. CcUier. 
 
 In truth, niwc parts in ten of those who reco- 
 vered, owed their lives lo the strength of nature 
 and a good constitution, while such one happened 
 to he the doctor. Swift. 
 
 4. Any able or learned man. 
 
 The simplest person, lliat can but apprehend 
 and speak sense, is as much judge of it as the 
 greatest doctor in the school. Dighyof Bodies. 
 
 To Do'cTOR. V. a. [from the noun.] To 
 jihysick ; lo cure ; to treat witli medi- 
 cines. A low word. 
 
 Do'rTOR.AL. adj. [doctoralis, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to the degree of a doctor. 
 
 Do'cTORALLY. odv. [from doctoral.] In 
 manner of a doctor. 
 
 The physicians resorted to him to touch his 
 |>ulse, and consider of his disease doctoratly at 
 their dei>arture. Hakeiritl, 
 
 Do'cTOKSHiP. n.s. [i\om doctor.] The 
 rank of a doctor. 
 
 From a scholar he became a fellow, and then 
 the pre-ident of the college, after lie had received 
 all the graces and degrees, the proctorship and 
 the doctorship. Clarendon. 
 
 Doctri'nal. adj. [doctrina, Lat.] 
 \. Containing' doctrine, or something for- 
 mally taught. 
 
 The verse i aturally affords us the doctrinal pro- 
 position, which shall be our subject. South. 
 2. Pertaining to the act or means of teach- 
 ing. 
 
 To this end the word of God no otherwise serv- 
 eth, titan only in the nature of a doctrinal instru- 
 ment. Hooker. 
 What 5])ecial property or quality is that, which 
 being no where fouutf hut in sermons, iimketh 
 them effectual to save souls, and I avetli all otlie> 
 doctrvutl means besides destitute of vital efficacy. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Doctri'nal. n. s. Something that is 
 part of doctrine. 
 
 Not such as assent to every word in scripture, 
 can be said in doctrinals to deny C'lirist. 
 
 Doctri'nally. adv. [from doctrine.] 
 In the form of doctrine ; positively ; as 
 necessary to be held. 
 
 Scripture accomuu-dates itself to common opi- 
 nions, and employs the usual forms of speech, 
 without delivering any thing </nclriiiu//j( concerning 
 these points. Ray. 
 
 Doctrine, n. s. [doctrina, Lat.] 
 1. T'he principles or positions of any sect 
 or ma.ster ; that which is taught. 
 
 To make new articles of faith and riiiclrinf, no 
 man thinkclh it lawful : new laws of government, 
 whal church or comm-'n wealtJi is there which 
 makelh not. either at one time or other r HioJcer. 
 
 Ve are the sons of clergy, who bring all their 
 doctrines fairly to the light^ and invite men with 
 freedom to examine thein. Atteriury. 
 
 That great principle in natural philosophy i< llie 
 
 4C 56l
 
 D O D 
 
 Airtrine of gravitation, or mutual tendency of all 
 bodies toward each other. Watts's Imp. of' the Mind. 
 
 2. The act of teachinjf. 
 
 He said unto them in his doctrine. Mark, iv. 2. 
 
 Do'cuMENT. n. s. [documenlum, Lat.] 
 
 1. Precept; instruction; direction. 
 
 It is a must necessary instruction and document 
 for tlicm, (hat as her majesty made ihcm dispcn- 
 sators of her favour, so it behoveth them to shew 
 themselves equal distributors. Bacon. 
 
 Learners should not he too much crowded with 
 a heap or multitude of documents or ideas at one 
 time. \Vutts. 
 
 2. Precept, in an ill sense; a precept inso- 
 lently authoritative, magisterially dog- 
 matical, solemnly trifling. 
 
 Gentle insinuations pierce, as oil is the most 
 penetrating of all liquors ; but in mai;isterial do- 
 cuments men think themselves attached, and stand 
 upon their guard. Goeernment of the Tongue. 
 
 It is not unnecessary to digest the docuinents of 
 cracking authors into several classes. 
 
 Harveii on Co7isumptions. 
 
 DODDER, n. s. [touteixn to shoot up, 
 Dut. Skiniier.] 
 
 Dodder is a singular plant : when it first shoots 
 from the seed it has little roots, which pierce the 
 earth near the roots of otiier plants; but the ca- 
 pillaments of which it is formed soon after cling- 
 nig about these plants, the roots wither away. 
 From this time it propagates itself along the stalks 
 of the plant, entangling itself about them. It has 
 no leaves, but consists of capillaments or stalks, 
 brownish with a cast of red, which run to great 
 lengths. They have tubercles, which ^.t them 
 fast down to the plant, and by means of which 
 they absorb the juices destined for its nourish- 
 ment.. Hdl. 
 
 Do'ddered. adj. [from dodder.] Over- 
 grown with doddei- ; covered with su- 
 percrescent plants. 
 
 Near the hearth a laurel grew. 
 Dodder d with age, whose boughs encompass round 
 The household gods, and shade the holy ground. 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 The peasants were enjoin'd 
 Sere-wood, and firs, and dodder d oaks to find. 
 
 Drydens Fables 
 
 DoDE'cAGON. n. S. [iuhna and yuyix.] 
 
 A figure of twelve sides. 
 
 DoDECATEMO'RION. n. S. [iuhxalTiiiifitu,] 
 The twelfth part. 
 
 'Tis dcdecatemorion thus descrlb'd ; 
 Thrice ten degrees, which every sign contains. 
 Let twelve exhaust, that not one part remains ; 
 It follows streight, that every twelfth confines 
 Two whole and one half portion of the signs. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 To Dodge, v.n. [probably corrupted from 
 
 dug ; to shift, and play sly tricks, like 
 
 a dog.] 
 
 1 . To use craft ; to deal with tergiversa- 
 tion ; to play mean tricks ; to use low 
 
 shifts. 
 
 If in good offices and due retributions we may 
 not be pinching and niggardly, it argues an earthly 
 and ignoble mind, where we have apparently 
 wronged, to higgle and dodge in the amends. 
 
 Hnle's Contemjdalion. 
 
 The consideration should make men grow weary 
 of dodging and shewing tricks with God. South. 
 
 2. To shift place as another approaches. 
 
 For he had, any time this ten years full, 
 Dod<r'd with him betwixt Cambridge and the Bull. 
 " Milton. 
 
 3. To play fast and loose ; to raise expec- 
 tations and disappoint them. 
 
 You know my passion for Martha, and what a 
 dance she has led me ; she dodged with me above 
 thirty years. Addison. 
 
 The chaffering with dissenters, and dodging 
 
 D O F 
 
 about tills or t'other ceremony, is but like open- 
 ing a few wickets, and leaving thema-jar, by which 
 no more than one can get in at a time. Stciji. 
 
 4. The word in all its senses is low and 
 
 vulgar. 
 DoDKiN. n. s. [duytken, Dut.] A doit- 
 kin or little doit ; a contemptuous name 
 for a low coin. 
 I would not buy them for a dodkin. 
 
 Lily's Gramnmr construed. 
 
 Do'dman. n. s. The name of a fish. 
 
 Fish that cast their shell are the lobster, the 
 
 crab, the craw-fish, the Lodmandod or dodnmn, 
 
 and khe tortoise. Bucon. 
 
 Doe. n. s. [from ba. Sax. daa, Dan. 
 dama, Lat.] A she deer ; the female of 
 a buck. 
 
 Then but furbear your food a little while. 
 While, like a doc, I go to find my fawn. 
 And give it food. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Bucks have horns, does none. Bacons Nat Hi^t. 
 Tile fearful doe 
 And flying stag amidst the greyhounds go. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 Doe. n. s. [from To do.] A feat ; what 
 one has to do ; what one can perform. 
 
 No sooner he does peep into 
 The world, but he has done his doe.Hudibras. 
 
 Do'er. n. s. [from To do.] 
 
 1. One that does any thing good or bad. 
 
 So foul a thing, O ! thou injustice art. 
 That tort'rest both the doer and distrest. Daniel. 
 It may be indeed a public crime, or a national 
 mischief; yet it is but a private act, and the doer 
 of it may chance to pay his head for his presump- 
 tion. South. 
 
 2. Actor ; agent. 
 
 Silh thus far we open the things that have been 
 done, let not the principal doers themselves be 
 forgotten. Hooker. 
 
 3. Performer. 
 
 One judgeth the prize to the best doer, of which 
 they are no less glad than great princes are of 
 triumphs. Sidney. 
 
 4. An active, or busy, or valiant person. 
 
 Fear not, my lord, we will not stand to prate ; 
 Talkers are no good doers: be assur'd, 
 VVe go to use our hands, and not our tongues. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They are great speakers but small doers ; greater 
 in shew than in deed. Knolles's History. 
 
 5. One that habitually performs or prac- 
 tises. 
 
 Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. 
 
 Common Prayer. 
 
 In this we shew ourselves weak, and unajit to 
 be doers of his will, in that we take upon us to be 
 controllers of his wisdom. Hooker. 
 
 Does. The third person from do, for doth. 
 
 Though lending to foreigners, upon use, doth 
 not at all aller the balance of trade between those 
 countries, yet it does alter the exchange between 
 those countries. Locke. 
 
 To Doff. v. a. [from do off.] 
 
 1 . To put off dress. 
 
 You have deceiv'd our trust, 
 And made us dof our easy robes of peace, 
 To crush our old liiubs in ungentle steel. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry I V. 
 Di)^ those links. Milton. Agonistes. 
 
 Nature, in awe to him, 
 Had dojfd her gaudy trim. 
 
 With her great master so to sympathize. Milton. 
 That judge is hot, and do^s his gown. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 Alcides doffs the lion's tawny hide. _ Roue. 
 
 2. To strip ; to divest of any thing. 
 
 Why art thou troubled, Herod .' What vain fear 
 Thy blood-revolving breast doth move? 
 
 HeavVs king, wlio doffs himself our flesh to 
 wear, 
 Comes not to rule in wrath, but serve in love. 
 
 Crashaw. 
 
 DOG 
 
 3. To put away ; to get rid of. 
 
 Your eye in Scotland 
 Would create soldiers, and make women fight. 
 To doff their dire distresses. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 4. To shift off; to delay ; to refer to ano- 
 ther time ; to put off. 
 
 Every day tliou doffst me with some device, 
 lago ; and rather keep st from me all conveniency, 
 than suppliest me with the least advantage of 
 hope. Shakesp. OUielto. 
 
 Away, I will not have to do with you.^ 
 —Canst thou so dtyff nie ? Shakesp. Much Ado. 
 
 5. This word is in all its senses obsolete, 
 and scarcely used except by rusticks ; 
 yet it is a pure and commodious word. 
 
 DOG. n. s. [dflgghe, Dut. cants, Lat.] 
 
 1. A domestic animal remarkably various 
 in his species ; comprising the mastiff, 
 the spaniel, the bulldog, the greyhound, 
 the hound, the terrier, the cur, with 
 many others. The larger sort are used 
 as a guard ; the less for sports. 
 
 Such smiling rogues as these sooth every passion: 
 Renege, afhrui, and turn their halcyon beaks 
 With ev'ry gale and vary of their masters. 
 As knowing nought, like dogs, but following. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Why should we not think a watch and pistol 
 as distinct species one fiom another, as a horse 
 and a dog ? Locke. 
 
 The clamour roars of men, and boys, and dogs. 
 
 'ntomson. 
 
 2. A constellation called Sirius, or Cani- 
 cula, rising and setting with the sun 
 during the canicular days, or dog days. 
 
 Among the southern constellations, two there 
 are who bear the name of the dog ; the one in six- 
 teen degrees latitude, containing on the left thioh 
 a star of the first magnitude, usually called Pro- 
 cyon, or Anticaiius. Brown s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 It parts the twins and crab, the dog divides. 
 And Argo's keel that broke the frothy tides. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 3. A reproachful name for a man. 
 
 I never heard a passion so confus'd. 
 So strange, outrageous, and so variable, 
 As the dog .few did utter in the streets. Shakesp. 
 
 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers. 
 
 Phil. iii. 2. 
 
 4. To give or send to the Dogs , to throw 
 away. To go to the Dogs; to be ruin- 
 ed, destroyed, or devoured. 
 
 Had whole Colepeper's wealth been hops and 
 hogs. 
 Could he himself have sent it to the dogs? Pope. 
 
 5. It is used as the term for the male of 
 several species: as, the dog fox, the 
 
 dog otter. 
 
 If ever I thank any man, I'll thank you ; but 
 that they call compliments is like the encounter 
 of two iog apes. Shakesp. 
 
 The same ill taste of sense will serve to join 
 Dog foxes in the yi>ke, and sheer the swine.Dr^d. 
 
 6. Dog is a particle added to any thing, 
 to mark meanness, or degeneracy, or 
 worthlessness : as, dog rose. 
 
 To Dog. i'. a. [from tlie noun.] To hunt 
 
 as a dog, insidiously and indefatigably. 
 
 1 have dogg'd him like his murthcrer. Shakesp. 
 
 I, hisdespitefulJuno, sent him forth 
 
 From Courtly friends, with camping foes to live. 
 
 Where death and danger dog the heels of worth. 
 
 Shakctp. 
 Sorrow dogging sin. 
 Afflictions sorted. Herbert. 
 
 I fear the dread events that dog them both, 
 Lest some ill-greeting touch attempt the person 
 Of our renowned sister. Milton. 
 
 Thesespiritual joys are dogged by no sad sequels. 
 
 G/a»!i>!7{e. 
 I hare been pursued, dogged and way-laid 
 
 562
 
 DOG 
 
 through several nations, and even now scarce 
 
 think myself secure. i'opc. 
 
 Hatedflgf tlieir rise, an<i insult moclts their fall. 
 
 I anitlj of Human ]i'ish€S, 
 
 Dog'fisher. n. s. [dog sindjisher.] A 
 kind of fish. 
 
 The dog-Jisher is good against the falling siclt- 
 ness. U'alton. 
 
 Dog-teeth, n. s. [dog and tetth.] The 
 teeth in the human head next to the 
 grinders ; the eye-teeth. 
 
 The best instruments fur dividing of herbs are 
 incisor-leeth ; f<jr cracking of hard substances, 
 As bones and nuts, grinders or mill-teeth ; for di- 
 viding of flesh, sharp-pointed or dog-teeth. 
 
 Arhuthnvt on Aliments. 
 Dog- TRICK. V. s. [dog and trick.'] An 
 ill turn; surly or brutal treatment 
 
 Learn better manners, or I shall serve you a 
 dog-trick J V\\ make you know your rider. 
 
 Vrydeiis Dnn Sebnstian. 
 
 Dogbane, n. s, [dog and bane.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 Do'gberry-tREE. a kind of cherry. 
 
 Do'gbolt. n. s. [dog and bolt.] Of 
 this word I know not the meaning, un- 
 less it be, that when meal or flower is 
 sifted or bolted to a certain degree, the 
 coarser part is called dogboU, or flour 
 for dogs. 
 
 His only solace was, that now 
 His do^boh fortune was so low, 
 That either it must quickly end. 
 Or turn about again, and mend. Hudibras. 
 
 Do'gbriar. Ti. s. [dog and briar.] The 
 
 briar that bears the hip; the cynosbaton. 
 
 Dogche'ap. adj. [rfog-and c/ienp.] Cheap 
 
 as dogs meat ; cheap as the offal bought 
 
 for dogs. 
 
 Good store of harlots, say you, and dogcheap. 
 
 Uryden. 
 
 Do'gday.s. n. s. [dog and dai/s.] Tlie 
 days in which the dog-star rises and 
 sets witli the sun, vulgai'ly reputed un- 
 wholesome. 
 
 Nor was it more in his power to be without 
 promotion and titles, than for a healthy man to 
 sit in tiie sun, in the brighest dog-daijs, and re- 
 main williout warmth. Clarendon. 
 
 Do'gdraw. 71. s. [dog and draw.] A 
 manifest deprehension of an offender 
 against venison in the forest, when he is 
 found drawing after a deer by the scent 
 of a hound which he leads in his hand. 
 
 Cou'ell. 
 
 Doge. n. s. [dodge, Ital.] The title of the 
 
 chief magistrate of Venice and Genoa. 
 
 Duria has a statue at the entrance of the doge's 
 
 palace, with the title of deliverer of the conimon- 
 
 wealth. Addison. 
 
 Dogfish, n. s. [from dog and Jish.] 
 Another name for a shark. 
 
 It is part of the jaw of a shark or dog-fish. 
 
 Wootiu-ard. 
 
 Do'gfly. 71. s. [dug andjlj/.] A vora- 
 cious biting fly. 
 
 Thump-buckler Mars began. 
 And at Minerva with a lance of brass he head- 
 long ran ; 
 These vile words ushering his blows. Thou dog- 
 
 /iy, what's the cause 
 Thou hiakest gods light thus? Chapman's Iliad. 
 
 Dogged, adj. [from dog.] Sullen; 
 sour ; morose ; ill-huraoured ; gloomy. 
 Your uncle must iu)t know but your are dead ; 
 I'll fill these dogged spies with false rep(irls. 
 
 Shakesp. King John, 
 
 DOG 
 
 Dogged York, that reaches at the moon» 
 Whose ovcr-weening ;irm 1 have nliick'd back, 
 hy false accuse doih level at my life. 
 
 bhakvtjj. Henry VI, 
 
 Few miles on horseback had ihc^ jogged, 
 But furttine unto ihein turn'd dogged. Iliuiihras. 
 
 Oo'ggedly. adv. [from dogpc^dJ] Sul- 
 lenly ; gloomily ; sourly ; morosely. 
 DoGGEDNESS. 71, ». [from dogged."] 
 Gloom of mind; sullenness; morose- 
 ness. 
 Do'gger. w. 8, [from dog^ for its mean- 
 ness. Skinner.] A small ship with one 
 mast. 
 Doggerel, adj. [from dog.] Loosed 
 from the measures or rules of regular 
 poety; vile; despicable; mean: used 
 of verses. 
 
 Then hasten Og and Doee lo rehearse. 
 Two fools that crutch their feeble scum; on verse ; 
 Who by my muse to all succeeding: times 
 Shall live, in spite of their own doggrei rhynies. 
 
 Uryden. 
 Your wit burlesque may one step higher climb. 
 And in his sphere may judge all dogg'rel rhyme. 
 
 iJrydn 
 
 It is a di.spute among the criticks, whether bu 
 
 lesque poetry runs best in heroick verse, like that 
 
 of the Dispensary ; or in doggerel, like that of 
 
 Hudibras. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Do'ggerel. n. s. Mean, despicable, 
 
 worthless verses. 
 
 The hand and head were never lost of those 
 Who dealt in dogg'rel, or who piii'd in prose. 
 
 Lhydai's Jnienal. 
 The vilest doggerel Grubstreet sends 
 Will pass fur yours with foes and friends. Su-iJ't. 
 Do'ggish. adj. [from dog.] Churlish ; 
 
 brutal. 
 Do'ghearted. adj. [dog and heart,] 
 Cruel; pitiless; malicious. 
 
 Ilis unkindness, 
 That stript her from his benediction, turn'd her 
 To foreicn casualties, gave her dear rights 
 To his (fogheartcd dauiihters. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Do'ghole. 71. s. [dog and hole] A vile 
 hole ; a mean habitation. 
 
 France is a doghole, and it no more merits the 
 tread of a man's toot : to tlie wars. Shakesp. 
 
 But, could you be content to bid adieu 
 To tlie dear playhouse, and the plavers too, 
 Sweet country ^ea^s are purclias'd'ev'ry where. 
 With land and gardens, at less price than here 
 Y'ou hire a darksome doghole by the year. 
 
 Diydens Jui^nal. 
 
 Reverse your ornaments, and hang them all 
 On some iMilch'd dnchok' ck'ri wiih ends of wall. 
 *" Pope. 
 
 Do'gkennel. 71. s. [(/"»• and kennel.] 
 A little hut or house for dogs. 
 
 A certain noblrnian, beginning with a dogkennel, 
 never lived to linish the palace he had contrived. 
 
 Dryilcn. 
 
 I am desired to recommend a dogkennel to any 
 
 that ^hall want a pack. Tatler. 
 
 DoGLOiisE. 71. s. [dog and louse.] An 
 insect that harboius on dogs. 
 
 DOGM.l. 71. s. [I.at.] 
 
 I. Established princiiile ; doctrinal notion. 
 
 Our poet was a sloick philosupher, and all his 
 
 moral sentences are drawn from tlie rfo;'ma.<of that 
 
 sect. Ihydcu. 
 
 '2. [In canon law.] Dogma is that deter- 
 mination which consists in, rnd has 
 a relation to, some casuistical point of 
 doctrine, or some doctrin.il ]iart of the 
 christian faitii. AiiliJJVs Partigoii. 
 
 DoGMATir.M.. \adi. [from dogma.] .\a- 
 
 DoGMATlCK. j thoritativc ; magisterial ; 
 
 DOG 
 
 positive; in the manner of a philoso- 
 pher laying down the first principles of 
 a sect. 
 
 The dim and bounded intellect of man aehlutn 
 prosperously adventures to be doematieal alK)ul 
 things that approach to infinite, wTictJier in Ta.t- 
 ness or littlerjess. /'oy.V. 
 
 1 laid by my natural diffidence and sceptiei.in 
 for a while, to take up that dogmatical wnv. whith 
 is so much his character. 'Drifdtu. 
 
 Lrf^arning gives us a discovery of our ignorarice, 
 and keeps us from being prereinptorv and </.i"m<i- 
 lical ill our determinations. Collier on I'ride. 
 
 ('rititks write in a positive dogmatirk way, 
 without either language, genius, or ima^inatioii. 
 
 Spectat^'T. 
 
 One of these authors is indeed s<» grave, sen- 
 tentious, dogmatical a rogue, that there is no en- 
 during him. 6"ui;r. 
 
 Dogmatically, adr. [from dogmati- 
 cal.] Magisterially ; positively. 
 
 I shall not presume to interpose dogmaticatlu in 
 a eouir versy, which I look never to see deddrd. 
 
 StHlh. 
 
 Dogma'ticalness. 71.*. [from rfoo-TOfl- 
 ticat.] The quality of being dogmatical ; 
 magisterialness ; mock authority. 
 Dogmatist, n. s. [dogmaliste. Ft.] 
 A magisterial teacher ; a positive asser- 
 ter; a bold advancer of jirinciples. 
 
 I could describe the vanity of bold opinion, 
 which the dogmatists themselves demonstrate in all 
 the controversies they are engaged in. 
 
 Clanvile's Sccpvs. 
 A domnatist in religion is not a great way i»ff 
 from a liigot, and is in high danger of growin';: up 
 to be a bloody persecutor. 
 
 Wutts's Improienient of the ytind. 
 
 To Do'gmatize. v. n. [fi-om" dog7na] 
 To assert positively ; to advance with- 
 out distrust ; to teach magisterially. 
 
 These, with the pride of dogmati^ng schools, 
 Impos'd on nature arbitary rules ; 
 Forc'd her their vain inventions to obey. 
 And move as learned frenzy trac'd the way. 
 
 T^lackmcTe. 
 
 Dogmati'zer. n.s. [from do omatize.] 
 An asserter ; a magisterial teacher; a 
 bold advancer of opinions. 
 
 Such opinions, being not entered into the con- 
 fessions of our church, are not properly charge- 
 able either on Papists or Protestants, but on par- 
 ticular dogmatizers of both parties. Hammond. 
 
 Do'grose. n. s. [dog and rose.] The 
 flower of the hip. 
 
 Of the rough or hairy excrescence, those on th* 
 briar, or dogrose, are a" good instance. 
 
 Derham's Physico-Thtoli^v. 
 
 Do'gsleep. n.s. [dog and sleep.] Pre- 
 tended sleep. 
 
 .luvenal indeed mentions a drowsy husband, 
 who raised an estate by snoring ; hut then he it 
 re|)rosentcd to have slept what the common peo- 
 ple call dog-steep. .Addison. 
 Do'gsmeat. n.s. [dog and meat .] Re- 
 fuse ; vile stuff; offal like the flesh sold 
 to feetl dogs. 
 
 His rcvcr..nce bought of me the flower of all 
 
 the market ; these are but do^smeat to 'em. Dnid. 
 
 Do'gst.\r. n. s. [dfg and star; caniaila, 
 
 Lat.] The star which gives the naiue to 
 
 the dogd.iys. 
 
 All shun the raging dog-star's sultry heat, 
 .•\nd frcui llie halt-un|>eopled town retreat. Add. 
 
 Do'gstooth. n.s. [from dog and tooth.] 
 A plant. 
 
 Dogtrot, n. ». [dog .ind trot.] A gen- 
 tle trot like that of a dog. 
 
 This said, they both advan'd, and rode 
 A iliigfrot through the saw ling crowd. Hudibrtts. 
 
 S63
 
 D O L 
 
 Dog we' A RY. adj. [dog and weari/.] 
 Tired as a dog ; excessively weary. 
 
 Oh, master, master, I have watch'd si> long. 
 That I'm dogweary. Shakesp. Turning of the Shrew. 
 
 Do'gwood. n.s A species of cornelian 
 cherry. 
 
 Doi'ly. n. s. A species of woollen stuff, 
 so called, I suppose, from the name of 
 the first maker. 
 
 We should be as weary of one set of acquaint- 
 ance, though never so good, as we are of one 
 suit, though never so fine ■ a fool, and a doity stuff, 
 would now and then find days of grace, and be 
 worn for variety. Congreve s Way of the World. 
 
 Do'iNGS. 71. s. [from To do. This word 
 has hardly any singular.] 
 
 I Things done ; events ; transactions. 
 1 have but kill'd a fly.— 
 — But how if that fly had a father and mother ? 
 
 How would he hang" his slender gilded wines. 
 And buz lamented doings in the air! Shakesp, 
 
 2. Feats; actions: good or bad. 
 
 The next degree was to mark all Zelman's 
 doings, speeches, and fashions, and to take them 
 unto herself, as a pattern of worthy proceedings. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 If I'm traduc'd by tongues which neither know 
 My faculties nor person, yet will be 
 The chronicles of my doing, let me say 
 'Tis but the fate of place, and the rou'izli brake 
 That virtue must go through Shakesp. Hen. \Tll. 
 
 At length a reverend sire among them came. 
 And of tlieir doings great dislike declar'd, 
 And testified against their ways. Milton. 
 
 3. Behaviour; conduct. 
 
 Never the earth on his romid shoulders bare, 
 A maid traln'd up from high or low degree, 
 
 That in her doings better could compare 
 Mirth with respect, few words with curtesy. 
 
 Sidney 
 
 4. Conduct; dispensation. 
 
 Dangerous it were for the feeble brains of man 
 to wade far into the doings of the most High. 
 
 liooher. 
 
 5. Stir ; bustle ; tumult. 
 
 Shall there be then, in the mean while, no do- 
 ings ? Hooker. 
 
 6. Festivity ; merriment : as, jolly doings. 
 
 7. This word is only used in a ludicrous 
 sense, or in low mean language. 
 
 After such miraculous doings, we are not yet in 
 a condition of bringing France to our terms. Suifh 
 
 Doit, n, s- [dui/t, Dut. doyght, Erse.] 
 A small piece of money. 
 
 When they will not give a doit to relieveva lame 
 beggar, they will i.iy out ten to sie a dead Indian. 
 Shakesp. Tempest. 
 In -Anna's wars a soldier, poor and old, 
 Had dearly earn'd a little purse of gold ; 
 Tir'd with'a tedious march, one luckless night 
 He slept, poor dog I and lost it to a doit. tope. 
 DOLE. n. .». [from deal; baslan, Sax.] 
 J. The act of distribution or dealing. 
 It was your prcsurmise. 
 That in the dole ot* blows your son might drop. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The personal fruition in any man cainiot reach 
 
 to feel great riches : there is a custody of them, or 
 
 a power of dole and donative of thciu, or a fame 
 
 of them, but no solid use to the owner. Bacon. 
 
 At her general dole. 
 Each receives his ancient soul. Cleai'eland. 
 
 2. Any thing dealt out or distributed. 
 
 Now my masters, happy man be his dole, say 
 I; every man to his business. Shakesp. 
 
 Let us, that are unhurt and whole, 
 Fallon, and happy man be 's (/(j/e, Hudibras. 
 
 3. Provisions or money distributed in cha- 
 rity. 
 
 They had such firm dependence on the daj', 
 Thatiieed grew paniper'd, and forgot to pray ; 
 
 D O L 
 
 So sure the dole, so ready at their call, 
 
 I'hey stood prepar'd to see the manna fall. Dryd. 
 
 Clients of old were feasted ; now a poor 
 Divided dole is dealt at ih" outward door. 
 Which by the hungry rout is soon dispatch'd. 
 
 Drydens Juvenal, 
 
 4. Blows dealt out. 
 
 What if his eye-sight, for to Isreal's God 
 Nothing is hard, by miracle restor'd. 
 He now be dealing dole among his foes, 
 -4nd over heaps of slaughler'd walk his way.MUt. 
 
 5. [{vom dolor.] Grief; sorrow; misery; 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Yonder they lie ; the poor old man, their father, 
 makino such pitiful tio(eover them, that all behol- 
 ders take his part with weeping. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Our sometime sister, now our queen. 
 Have we, as 'twere, with a defeated joy. 
 With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage. 
 In equal scale weighing delight and dole. 
 Taken to wife. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 They might hope to change 
 Torment with ease, and soonest recompense 
 Dole with delight. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 To Dole. v. a. [from the noun.] To deal ; 
 
 to distribute. Diet. 
 
 Dole. n. s. Void space left in tillage. 
 
 Diet. 
 Do'leful. adj. [dole and full.] 
 
 1. Sorrowful; dismal; expressing grief ; 
 querulous. 
 
 She earnestly entreated to know tlie cause 
 thereof, that either she might comfort or accom- 
 pany her doleful humour. _ Sidney. 
 
 For none but you, or who of you it learns. 
 Can righfully aread so doleful lay. Spenser. 
 
 \\ ith screwed face, and doleful whine, they 
 only ply with senseless harangues of conscience 
 against carnal ordinances. South. 
 
 Just then the hero cast a doleful cry, 
 And in those ardent flames beiran to fry : 
 The blind contagion rag'd within his veins. Dryd. 
 
 2. Melancholy ; afflicted ; feeling grief; 
 sorrowful. 
 
 How oft my doleful sire cry'd to me, tarry, sun, 
 ■\Vhen first he spy'd my love" ! Sidney. 
 
 3. Dismal; impressing sorrow; dolorifick. 
 
 It watereth the heart to the end it may fructify ; 
 maketh the virtuous, in trouble, full of magnani- 
 mity and courage ; serveth as a most approved 
 remedy against all doleful and heavy accidents 
 which befal men in this present life. Hooker. 
 
 No light, but rather darkness visible, 
 Scrv'd only to discover sights of woe. 
 Regions of sorrow; <fo/f/'ii shades, where peace 
 And rest can never dwell ! Milton's Par. Last. 
 
 Happy the mortal man, who now at last 
 Has thought this doleful vale of rois'ry past ; 
 Who to his destin'd stage has carried on 
 The tedious load, and laid his burden down. Prinr. 
 
 Dolefully, adv. [froin doleful.] In a 
 doleful manner; sorrowfully; dismally; 
 querulously. 
 
 Do'lefulness. «. s. [from doleful.] 
 
 1. Sorrow ; melancholy. 
 
 2. Querulousness. 
 
 3. Dismalness. 
 
 Do'lesome. adj. [from dole.] Melan- 
 choly ; gloomy ; dismal ; sorrowful ; 
 
 doleffJ. 
 
 Hell-ward bending o'er the beach descry 
 The doUsome passage to th' i nfernal sky . Pope's Ody. 
 
 Do'lesomely. adv. [(rom dolesome.] In 
 
 a dolesome manner. 
 Dolesomeness. n.s. [from dolesome.] 
 
 Gloom ; melancholy ; dismalness. 
 Doll. n. s. 
 1. A contraction of Dorothy. 
 
 Doll tearsheet. Shakesp. 
 
 DOM 
 
 2. A little girl's puppet or baby, 
 Do'llar. n. $. [daler, Dut.] A Dutch 
 and German coin of different value, 
 from about two shillings and sixpence 
 to four and sixpence. 
 
 He disburs'd 
 Ten housand dollars for our gen'ral use. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Dolori'fick. adj. [dolorificus, Lat.] 
 That which causes gi'ief or pain. 
 
 The pain returned, dissipating that vapour 
 which obstructed the nerves, aud giving the do/o- 
 rijick motion free passage again. Ray. 
 
 This, by the softness ana rarity of the fluid, i» 
 insensible, and not dolorifick. Arhuthnot rni Air. 
 Do'lorous. adj. [from dolor, Lat.] 
 
 1 , Sorrowful ; doleful ; dismal ; gloomy ; 
 impressing sorrow. 
 
 We are taught, by liis e.xaniplf, that the pre- 
 sence of dolorous and dreadful objects, even in 
 minds most perfect, may, ag clouds, overcast all 
 seasonable joy. Hooker. 
 
 You take me in too dolours a sense ; 
 I spake t' you for your comfort. Shakesp. 
 
 Through many a dark and dreary vale 
 They pass'd, and many a region dolours, 
 O'er many a frozen, many a fiery alp. 
 Rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens, and shades 
 of death. Milton'i Par. Lost. 
 
 Talk not of ruling in this doVrous gloom, 
 Nor think vain words, he cried, can ease my 
 doom. Pope. 
 
 2. Painful. 
 
 Their dispatch is quick, and less dolorous than 
 the paw of the bear, or teeth of the lion. 
 
 Mare's Antidote against Atheism. 
 
 Do'lour. n. s. [dolor, Lat.] 
 
 1. Grief; sorrow. 
 
 I've words too few to take my leave of you. 
 When the tongue's office should be prodigal. 
 To breathe th* abundant dolour of the heart. 5fiafc. 
 
 2. Lamentation ; complaint. 
 
 Never troubling him cither with asking ques- 
 tions, or finding fault with his melancholy ; but 
 rather fitting to his dolour dolorous discourses of 
 their own and other folks misfortunes. Sidney. 
 
 3. Pain ; pang. 
 
 A mind fixed and bent upon somewhat that is 
 good, doth avert the dolours of death. Bacon. 
 
 Do'lphin. n. s. [deiphin, Lat. though 
 the dolphin is supposed to be not the 
 same fish.] The name of a fish. 
 
 His delights 
 Were dolphin like ; they shew'd his back above 
 The element they liv'd in. Shakesp. 
 
 Draw boys riding upon goats, eagles and dol- 
 phins. Peacham. 
 
 DOLT. n. s. [del, Teutonick.] A heavy 
 stupid fellow; a blockhead; a thick- 
 scull ; a loggerhead. 
 
 Let dnlts in haste some alter fair erect 
 To those high pow'rs, which idly sit above. Sidnej 
 Thou hast not half that power to do me harm, 
 As 1 have to be hurt : oh gull, oh dolt, 
 As ignorant as dirt ! .Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Like men conderan'd to thunder bolts. 
 Who, ere the blow, become mere dolts; 
 They neither have the hearts to stay. 
 Nor wit enough to run away. Hudibras. 
 
 Wood's adult'rate copper. 
 Which, as he scatter'd, we, like rfoits. 
 Mistook at first for thunder-bolls. Sunft. 
 
 Do'ltish. n. s. [from dolt.] Stupid ; 
 mean; dull; blockish. 
 
 Dametas, the most arrant doltish clown that ever 
 was without the privilege of a bauble. Sidney. 
 Do'.mable. adj. [domabilis, Lat.] Tame- 
 able. Diet. 
 Do'main. n. s. [domaine, Fr. from domi- 
 nium, Lat. 
 1. Dominion ; empire. 
 
 564
 
 DOM 
 
 Rome's great emperor, whose wide domain 
 Had ample territory, wealth and puw'r. Milton. 
 Ocean trembles fur his green domuin. Thomson. 
 
 2. Possession ; estate. 
 
 A Latiaii field, with fruitful plains, 
 And a large portion of the king's domaijis. 
 
 Drydai's ^neid. 
 
 3. The land about a mansion-house occu- 
 pied by the lord. 
 
 Dome. 7t.s. [dome,Tr, from domuSj hat.] 
 
 1. A building; a house ; a fabrick. 
 
 best he lie call'd among good men, 
 \\ ho to liis Gud this coluniii rais'd : 
 
 Tliuuj^h lightning strike the dome again, 
 Tlie man who built it shall be prais'd. Prior. 
 
 Stranger! whoe'er thou art, securely rest 
 ARianc'd in my faith, a friendly guest ; 
 Approach the aome, the social banquet share, 
 
 Pope^s Odj^ssey. 
 
 2. A hemispherical arch; a cupola. 
 
 DOMESTICAL. 1 ,. . , ,. , . 
 DOME'STICK /"^^* [domesttcus, Lai. 
 
 1. Belonging to the house ; not relating to 
 tilings publick. 
 
 The necessities of man had at the first no other 
 helps and supplies than di~m€sticat ; such as that 
 which the prophet implieth, saying, Can a mother 
 forget her child ? Hooker. 
 
 Tlie practical knowledge of the domestick duties 
 is the principal glory of a woman. Clarissa. 
 
 2. Private; done at home ; not open. 
 
 In this their domestical celebration of the Pass- 
 over, they divided supper into two courses. /fi>o/cer. 
 
 Beliolding thus, O happy as a queen ! 
 We cry ; but shift the gaudy, Hall'ring scene, 
 View her at home in her domestick light, 
 For thither she must come, at least al night. Cranr. 
 
 3. Inhabiting the house ; not wild. 
 
 The faitlitul prudent husband is an honest, 
 tractable, and t/omes(ic/i: animal. Addison's Spcct, 
 
 4. Not foreign ; intestine. 
 
 Domestical evils, for that we think we can mas- 
 ter tliem at all times, are often permitted to run 
 on fcTward, till it be too late to recall them. 
 
 Hooker, Dedication. 
 
 Equality of two domestic pow'rs 
 Breeds scrupulous faction. Shak. Ant. and Clcop. 
 
 Combine together 'gainst the enemy ; 
 For these domestick and particular bnjiis 
 Are not the que:^tion here. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Such they were, who might presume t' have 
 done 
 Much for t!ie king and honour of the state ; 
 
 Having the chiefest actions undergone, 
 Both foreign and domestical, of late. Daniel. 
 
 Next to the sin of those who began that rehelliun, 
 theirs must needs be, who hindere^l the speedy sup- 
 pressing of it, by domestick disscnlions. A'. Charlis. 
 
 To Dome'sticate. v. a. [from dotms- 
 tick.] To make domestick; to witli- 
 draw from the publick. Clarma. 
 
 Dome'stick. n. *. One kept in the same 
 house. 
 
 A servant dwells remote from all knowledge of 
 }ns lord's purposes: he lives as a kind of foreigner 
 under the same roof ; a domestick, and yet a stranger 
 too. South. 
 
 To Do'mify. V a. [domifico, Lat] To 
 
 tame. Diet. 
 
 Do'minant. adj. [dominant, Fr. domi- 
 
 7ians, Lat.] Predominant ; presiding ; 
 ascendant. 
 
 ToDO'iMINATE. t\a {dominaius,UiX..] 
 To predominate ; to prevail over the 
 rest, 
 
 I thus conclude my theme, 
 The dominating humour makes the dream. Dr^jd. 
 
 Domina'tion. «. s. [dominatio, Lat.] 
 I. Power; dominion. 
 
 DON 
 
 Thou and thine usurp 
 The domination, royalties, and rights 
 Of this opjM-essed hoy. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 2. Tyranny: insolent authority. 
 
 Maximinus traded with the Goths in the product 
 of Ids own estate in Thracia, the place of his nati- 
 vity ; whither he retired, to withdraw from the 
 unjust domination of Opilius Macrinus. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 3, One highly exalted in power; used of 
 angclick beings. 
 
 He heav'n of heav'ns, and all the powers therein, 
 By thee created ; and by thcc threw down 
 Tir aspiring dominations. Milton Par. l^jst. 
 
 Hear, allye angels, progeny of light. 
 Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, pow'rs! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Do'm I N AT I V E. adj, [from dominatv.'] 
 Imperious ; insolent. Diet. 
 
 DOMINA'TOR. n. s. [Lat.] The pre- 
 siding or predominant power or influ- 
 ence. 
 
 Jupiter and ^fars are dominators for this north- 
 west part of the world, which niakelh the people 
 inijiatientof servitude, lovers of liberty, martial, 
 and Courageous. Camden s Remains. 
 
 To Domine'er. r, n. [dominor^ Lat.] 
 To rule with insolence ; to sw ell ; to 
 bluster ; to act without controul. 
 
 Go to the feast, revel, and domineer. 
 Carouse full measure. Hhakesp. Tarn, of' the Shrew. 
 
 The voice of conscience now is low and weak, 
 chastising the passions, as old EH did his lustful 
 domineering sons. South. 
 
 Both would tlicir little ends secure ; 
 
 He sighs for freedom, she for [low'r ; 
 
 His wishes tend abroad to roam. 
 
 And hers to domineer at home. Prior. 
 
 Domi'nical. adj. [dominicaJis, Lat.] 
 That which notes the Lord's day, or 
 Sunday. 
 
 The cycle of tiie moon serves to shew the epacts, 
 and that of the sun the dominical letter, througli- 
 out al! iheir variations. Holder on Time. 
 
 Domi'nion. h. s. [dominium, Lat.] 
 
 1. Sovereign authority ; unlimited power. 
 
 They on the earth 
 Dominion exercise, and in the air. 
 Chiefly on man. Milton, 
 
 He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl, 
 Dominion absolute ; that right we hold 
 By his donation : but man over man 
 He made not lord. Milton, 
 
 Blest use of pow'r, O virtuous pride in kings ! 
 And like his bounty whence dominion springs. 
 
 Tickell. 
 
 2. Power; right of possession or use, with- 
 out being accountable. 
 
 He could not have private dominion over that, 
 which was under tlie private dominion of another. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. Territory ; region; district; considered 
 as subject. 
 
 The donations of bishopricks the kings of Eng- 
 land did ever retain in all their dominions, w hen the 
 pope's usurped authority was al the highest. 
 
 Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 4. Predominance ; ascendant. 
 
 Objects placed foremast ought to be more finish- 
 ed thim those cast behind, and tu have dominion 
 over things confused and transient. 
 
 Dryden's Dtifresnoy. 
 
 5. An order of angels. 
 
 By him were all things created, visible and in- 
 visible, whether they be thrones or dominions, or 
 principalities or powers. Col. \. 16. 
 
 Don. n. s. [dominns, Lat.] The Spanish 
 title for a gentleman ; as, Don Quixote. 
 It is witli us used ludicrously. 
 
 To the great dons of wit. 
 Phabiis gives them full privilege alone 
 To damn all others, and cry up their own. Dryd. 
 
 DON 
 
 DoNSHlP. «. *. [from don.] Quality oi 
 rank of a gentleman or knight. 
 
 Tin none of those. 
 Your bosom-frit-ndi, as yuu suppose ; 
 But Ilalph himself, your trusty squire, 
 \Vh' hu dragg'd your dons/it/' out u' tb* mire. 
 
 HuditfTai 
 
 To Don. v. a. [To do on.] To put on ; 
 to invest with ; the contrary to doff. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 The purple morning left her cnrason bed. 
 And donned her robes of pure vermilion Ime. 
 
 Fnir^ai. 
 Her helm the virgin donnd. Fait^'ax. 
 
 Wliat ! should I don this rube, and trouble vou ' 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 Do'nary. n. s. [donarium, Lat.] A thing 
 
 ^iven to sacred uses, 
 Dona'tion, n. s. [donatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of giving any tiling; the act 
 
 of bestowing. 
 
 He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl, 
 Dominion absolute ; that right we hold 
 By his donation. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 After donation there is an absolute change ar.d 
 alienation made of the property of the thing given, 
 which beiti" so alienated, a man has no more to 
 do with it than with a Uilug bought with another'^ 
 money. South, 
 
 *2. The grant by which any thing is given 
 or conferred. 
 
 Howsoever the letter of that donation may be 
 unregarded by men, yet the sense tliereof is to 
 imprinted in their hearts, as if every one laid 
 claim fur himself unto that which was conferred 
 upon all. HaUigh's Essays. 
 
 The kingdoms of the world to thee were giv'n, 
 Permitted rather, and by thee usurp'd ; 
 Other donation none thou canst produce. MUton. 
 
 Do'native. U.S. [donatij] Fr. from </o- 
 
 natusj Lat.] 
 \. \ gift; a largess; a present: a dole of 
 money distributed. 
 The Roman emperor's custom was, at certain 
 
 solenni limes, to bestow on his soldiers adonatin ; 
 which donative they received wearmg garlands up- 
 on their heads. Hooker, 
 They were entcrtahied with publick shews and 
 donatives, to make them more easily digest their 
 lost liberty. Drydcn. 
 
 2. [In law.] A benefice merely given and 
 collated by the patron to a man, without 
 either presentation to the ordin;ir>\ or 
 institution by the ordinary, or induction 
 by his orders. Cotciil. 
 
 Never did steeple cany double truer ; 
 His is the donative, and mine the cure. CUveland. 
 
 Done. part. pass, of the verb To do. 
 
 Another like fair tree eke grew- thereby, 
 Whereof whoso did eal, eftsoons did know 
 Both good and evil ; O mournful memorv .' 
 That tree, throuLih one man's fault, haih <ftmf us 
 all to die. Spenser's Fairy Qiuen, 
 
 Done, a kind oJ' intaja-tion. The word 
 by which a wager is concluded: wlien 
 a wager is offered, he that r.cctpts it says 
 done. 
 
 Done: the wager? Shahesp. Tcmpert. 
 
 One thing, sweet heart, I will ask .- 
 Take me for a new fu^hion'd mask. 
 — Dotjc : but my bargain shall Ih* this, 
 I'll ilirow my mask ort' when I kiss. Cleaveland. 
 
 "i\\:\s done &iu\ done, and the fox, by consent, 
 was to be the judge. UhMi-afigc. 
 
 Donjon, n. s. [now corrupted Xo dun- 
 geon, from domuionum, low Lat, accord- 
 ing to Menage.] The highest and strong- 
 est tower of tlie castle, where prisoners 
 
 56^
 
 D O O 
 
 were kept; as in Chaucer. It is now 
 used of subterraneous prisons. 
 
 The grete toure, that was so thicke and strong, 
 Whicli of tlie castle was the chief do?ti^eon, 
 Wherein the knightcs were in prison, 
 Was eviii joynant to the j^arHen-wall, 
 Tiier as this Einely had her playeing. Chaucer. 
 
 Do'nor. n. s. [from dojto, Lat.] A giver; 
 a bestower ; one who gives any thing. 
 
 Litters thick besiege the donor's i;ate. 
 And beg£:ing lords and teeming ladies wait 
 Tlie proniis 'd dole. Drydens Juvenal. 
 
 It is a mighty check to beneficent tempers to 
 consider how often good designs are frustrated and 
 perverted to purposes, whicn, could tiie donors 
 themselves have foreseen, ttiey would have been 
 very loth to promote. Attabwv- 
 
 Dood'le. n. 5. [a cant word, perhaps 
 corrupted from do little : faineant.'] A 
 trifler; an idler. 
 
 To DOOM, V. a. [beman, Sax.] 
 
 1. To judge. 
 
 Him through malice fall'ii. 
 Father of mercy and grace ! thou didst not doovi 
 So strictly, but much more to pity incline. Mt7/(>?i. 
 
 2. To condemn to any pimishment ; to 
 sentence. 
 
 He may be doomdio chains, to shame, to death, 
 While proud Hippoiitus shall mount his throne. 
 
 Smith. 
 Justly th' impartial fates conspire, 
 
 Dooming that son to be the sire 
 
 Of such another son. Granville. 
 
 S. To pronounce condemnation upon any. 
 
 Minos, tlie strict inquisitor, appears, 
 And Mves and crimes, with his assessors, hears j 
 Round in his urn the blended balls he rowls. 
 Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls. 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 
 4. To command judicially or authorita- 
 tively. 
 
 Have I a tongue to doom my brother's death, 
 And shall that tongue give pardon to a slave ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5. To destine ; to command by uncontrol- 
 ■ lable authority. 
 
 Fate and the gods, by their supreme comma»d, 
 Have doomd our ships to seek the Latian land. 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 I liave no will but what your eyes ordain ; 
 Destin'd to love, as they are doomd to reign. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Doom, n. s, [bom, Sax. deem, Dut.] 
 
 1. Judicial sentence; judgment. 
 
 He's fled, my lord, and all liis pow'rs do yield , 
 And humbly thus, w ith halters on their necks, 
 Expect your highness' doom of life or death. S/m/c. 
 
 To Satan, first in sin. his doom ajiplied. 
 Though in mysterious terms, judg'd as then best. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 And now, without redemption, all mankind 
 Must have been lost, adjudg'd to death and hell 
 By doom severe. Milton. 
 
 In the great day, wherein the secrets of all 
 hearts shall be laid open, no one shall he made to 
 answer what he knows nothing of; but shall re- 
 ceive his doom, his conscience accusing or excus- 
 ing him. Locke. 
 
 2. The crreat and final judgment. 
 
 Search Windsor Castle, elves, within and out : 
 Strew good luck, ouphes, on every sacred room, 
 That it may stand till the perpetual doom. Shuk. 
 
 3. Condemnation; judicial sentence. 
 
 Rcv^ike thy doom, 
 Or whilst I can vent clamour from my throat, 
 I'll tell thee tliuu dust evil. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 4. Determination declared. 
 
 If friend or foe, let him be gently us'd 
 — Revoke that doom of mercy, for 'tis Clitrord. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 0. The state to which one is destined. 
 
 D O O 
 
 By day the web and loom. 
 And homely houshold task, shall be lier dooyn, 
 
 Drydens iliad. 
 6, Ruin ; destruction. 
 
 From the same foes, at last, both felt their doom ; 
 And the same age saw learning fall, and Rome. 
 
 Pope. 
 Doo'msday, n. «. [doom and da^.] 
 I. The day of final and universal judg- 
 ment; the last, the great day. 
 
 Men, wives, and children slare, cry out, and run. 
 
 As it were dihimsdaij. Shakesp. Jnlivs Casar. 
 
 They may serve for any theme, and never be 
 
 out of date unu\ dtwnsd ay. Hrouns Vtilg. Errours. 
 
 Our souls, not yot prepar'd for upper light, 
 Till doomsday wander ni the shades ot night: 
 This only holiday of all the year, 
 We priv^ileg'd in shunshine may appear. Vryden. 
 The day of sentence or condemnation. 
 
 All-souls day is my body's doomsday, 
 
 Shakesp. tUchard III. 
 
 DooMSDAY-BOOK. n. s. [doomsdoT/ and 
 book.] A book made by order of William 
 the Conqueror, in which the estates of 
 the kingdom were registered. 
 
 The Danes also brought in a reckoning of mo- 
 ney by ores, ptr oras, which is mentioned in 
 diwms day-book. Camden. 
 
 DOOR. w. «* [toon, bujre. Sax. dorris, 
 Erse.] 
 
 1. The gate of a house ; that which opens 
 to yield entrance. Door is used of houses, 
 and gates of cities or publick buildings ; 
 except in the licence of poetry. 
 
 All the castle quaked from the ground, 
 And every door of free-will open Bew. Fairy Q. 
 
 In the side, a door 
 Contriv'd ; and of provisions laid in large. 
 For man and beast, MiUons Paradise Lost. 
 
 To the same end men sev'ral parts may tread, 
 As many doors into one temple lead. Denham. 
 
 For without rules tliere can be no art, any more 
 than there can be a house without a door to con- 
 duct you in. Dryden. 
 
 2. In familiar language, a house; often in 
 the plural, doors. 
 
 Lay one piece of flesh or fish in llie open air, 
 and another of the same kind and bi":ness within 
 doors. Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 Let him doubt wliether his clothes he warm, 
 and so go naked ; wliether his house be firm, and 
 live without doors. Decay of Peity. 
 
 IMartin's office is now the second doo} in the 
 street, where he will s?e Parnel. Arhuthnot. 
 
 Lambs, though they are bred within doors, and 
 
 never saw the actions* of their own species, push 
 
 at those who approach thera with their foreheads. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 The sultan entered again the peasant's Ijouse, 
 and turned tlie owner out of doors. 
 
 Addison s Guardian. 
 
 3. Entrance ; portal. 
 
 The tender blades of grass appear ; 
 And buds, that yet the blast of Eurus fear. 
 Stand at the door of life, and doubt to clothe the 
 year. Dryden. 
 
 4. Passage ; avenue ; means of approach. 
 
 The indispensable necessity of sincere obedi- 
 ence, shuts the door against all temptations to 
 carnal securit3'. Hammond. 
 
 5. Out of door, or doors. No more to 
 be found ; quite gone ; fairly sent away. 
 
 Should he, who was thy lord, command thee 
 now, 
 \VilIi a harsh voice and supercilious brow. 
 To servile duties, thou wuuld'st fear no more ; 
 Ihe gallow 3 and tiie whip are out of door. 
 
 Dryden s Persius. 
 His imaginary titletf fatherhoolis imNy"rf()or.s, 
 and Cain is no prince over nis brother. Locke. 
 
 6. At the door of any one. Imputable; 
 chargeable upon him. 
 
 DOR 
 
 In any of which parts if I have failed, the 
 fault lies wliolly at my door.Uryd. Dujres. Preface. 
 
 7. Next door to. Approaching to ; near 
 to: bordering upon. 
 
 A seditious word leads to a lioil, and a riot un- 
 punished is but next door to a toiuult. L'Estrange. 
 
 Doorcase, n. s. [door antl case.] The 
 frame in which the door is inclosed. 
 
 ']"he making of frames for doorcasa, is tlie fram- 
 ing of two pieces of wood athwart two otlier 
 pieces. Moion. 
 
 Do'oRKEEPER, 71. s. [door and keeper.] 
 Porter ; one that keeps the entrance of 
 a house. 
 
 He that hath given tlie following assistances to 
 tiicc, desires tube even a (iiwrfcf e^er in God's house, 
 and to be a servant to the meanest of God's ser- 
 vants. Taylor s Pr^'uce. 
 
 Do'quet. n.s. A paper containing a war- 
 rant. 
 
 Before the institution of this office, no doqtiet 
 for licence to alien, nor warrant for pardon of 
 alienation made, could be purchased without an 
 oath. Baco«'s Office of' Alienation. 
 
 Do'rmant. adj. [dormant, Fr.] 
 
 1. Sleeping. 
 
 He a dragon ! if he be, 'tis a very peaceful one : 
 I can insure his anger is dormant ; or, should he 
 seem to rouse, 'tis well lashing him, and he will 
 sleep like a top. Congreve's Old Bachelor. 
 
 AVith this radius he is said to strike and kill his 
 prey, for which he lies, as it were, dormant, till 
 It swims within his reach. Crew's Museum. 
 
 2. In a sleeping posture. 
 
 If a liun were the coat of Judali, yet were it 
 not a lion rampant, but rather couchant and rf(>r- 
 mant. Brown 
 
 3. Private ; not publick. 
 
 There were other dormant musters of soldiers 
 throughout all parts of the rcHlm, that were put 
 in readiness, but not drawn together. 
 
 Bacon's War with Spain. 
 
 4. Concealed ; not divulged. 
 
 It would be prudent to reserve these privileges 
 dormant, never to be produced but upon great oc- 
 casions. Swift. 
 
 5. Leaning ; not perpendicular. 
 
 Old dormant windnws must confess 
 Her beams ; their glimmering spectacles, 
 Struck with the splendor of her face. 
 Do th' othce of a burning-glass. Cleaveland. 
 
 Do'rmitory. Ji. s. [dormitorium, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A place to sleep in : used commonly 
 for a room with many beds. 
 
 Rooms that have thoro\igh liglits are left for en- 
 tertainment, and those tiiat have windows on one 
 side fur dormitories. Mortimer. 
 
 Naked mourns the dormitory wall, 
 And Jones and Boyle's united labours fall. 
 
 Pope's Dujiciad. 
 
 2. A burial place. 
 
 The places where dead bodies are buried, are 
 in Latin called camiteriu, and in English dormilo- 
 ries. Aylijfc's Paragon. 
 
 Do'rmouse. n. s. [dormio to sleep, and 
 mouse.] A small animal which passes a 
 large part of the winter in sleep. 
 
 Come, we all sleep, arid are mere dormice flies, 
 A little less than dead : more dullness hangs 
 On us than on the moon. Ben Jonson's Cataline. 
 
 After they have lain a little while, they grow as 
 drowsy as dormice, unless they are roused. 
 
 * Collier on Thought. 
 
 DoRN. Jt. s. [from dorn, Ger. a thorn.] 
 The name of a fish ; perhaps the same 
 as the thornback. 
 
 The coast is stored both with shell-fish, as scal- 
 lops and sheathfish ; and flat, as turbets, doms, 
 and hulybut. Carev:. 
 
 560
 
 n. s. [from dorsum tlie back.] 
 Do'rsf.k. (a pannier; a basket or bag, 
 
 DOS 
 
 Do'RNiCK. «. s. [of Deornick in Flan- 
 ders, where first made.] A species of 
 linen clotli used in Scotland for tlie 
 table. 
 
 To DOOR. v.n. [<or stupid, Teutonick.] 
 To deafen or stupify with noise. Tliis 
 word I find only in Skinner. 
 
 Dorr. n. s. [so named probably from 
 the noise which he makes.] A kind of 
 flying insect, remarkable for flying with 
 a loud noise. 
 
 Some insects fly with four wings, as all llie va- 
 giiDneniious, or sheath-winged, as beetles and 
 Jorn. Brown's Vulgar Ernmrs. 
 
 The rfiiiT or hedge-chafer's chief marks are these : 
 Ills head is small, like that of the common beetle : 
 this, and his eyes, black : his shonldcr-piece, and 
 the middle of his belly, also black ; but just un- 
 der the wing-shells sjiolled with while. His win;;- 
 thclls, legs,' and the end of his tail, which is long 
 and iiat-puinted, of a light chesnut : his breast, 
 especially, covered with a downy hair. 
 
 Crew's Museum 
 
 Do'rsel. In. 
 F.K. / A 
 one of which hangs on either side a 
 beast of burthen, for the reception of 
 thin!»s of small bulk. It is corruptly 
 spoken, and perhaps written, dosset. 
 
 Dorsi'ferous. \udj. [dursum ani\fcro, 
 
 DoRsi'pAROVS. f or parte, Lat.] Having 
 the property of bearing or bringing forth 
 on the back. It is used of plants tiiat 
 have tlie seeds on the back of their 
 leaves, as fern ; and may be properlj' 
 used of the American fi'og, which brings 
 forth young from her back. 
 
 Do'rture. n. s. [contracted from dortni- 
 ture; dormiluivi, Lat. dortoir, Fr.] A 
 dormitory ; a place to sleep in. 
 
 He led us to a gallery like a dorture, where he 
 shewed us along the one side seventeen cells, very 
 neat. £aci»«. 
 
 Dose. n. s. [^oVu.] 
 
 1. So much of any medicine as is taken 
 at one time. Quincy. 
 
 The too vig'rous dose too fiercely wrought. 
 And added fury to the strength it'brought. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 In a vehement pain of the head he prescri bed 
 the juice of the tliapsia in warm water, without 
 mending the dose. Arbuliiuot. 
 
 2. Any thing nauseous. 
 
 If you can tell an ignoramus in power and 
 place tliat he has a wit and undestandin» above 
 all the world, I dare undertake that, as fulsome 
 a dose as you give him, he shall readily take it 
 down. South. 
 
 3. As much of any thing as falls to a man's 
 lot. Ludicrously. 
 
 No sooner does he peep into 
 The world, but ho has done his doe ; 
 Married his punctual dose of wives. 
 Is cuckolded, and breaks, or thrives. Hudibras. 
 
 4. Quantity. 
 
 We pily or laugh at those fatuous extravagants, 
 while yet ourselves have a considerable dose of 
 what makes them so. Granvdlt. 
 
 5. It is often used of the utmost quantity of 
 strong liquor that a man can swallow. 
 He has his dose ; that is, he can carry 
 off no more. 
 
 To Dose. v. a. 
 
 1, To proportion a medicine properly to 
 the patient or disease. 
 Plants seldom used in medicine, being esteemed 
 
 DOT 
 
 poisonous, if corrected, and exactly dmed, may 
 prove powerful medicines. 
 
 Verham's Physico-Tlteology. 
 
 2. To give physick, or any thing nauseous, 
 to any man : in a ludicrous sense. 
 
 Do'ssiL. n. «. [corrupted from dorsel, 
 something laid upon the part.] A pled- 
 get; a nodule or lump of lint to be laid 
 on a sore. 
 
 Her comphiints put mc upon dressing with stich 
 medieaments as basilicon, with praicipitale, upon 
 a dossil. H'iseman. 
 
 Dost, [tlie second person of do.] 
 
 Why then do(t treat me with rebukes, instead 
 Of kind condoling cares, and friendly sorrow ' 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 DOT. n. s. [This is derived by Skinner 
 from duller, Ger. the white of an reg; 
 and interpreted by him a grume of pus. 
 It has now no such signification, and 
 seems rather corrupted i'rom jvt a point.] 
 A small point or spot made to mark any 
 place in a writing. 
 
 To Dot. v. a. To mark with specks. 
 
 7'yDoT. v.n. [from the noun.] To make 
 dots or spots. 
 
 Do'tage. «. s. [from dote.] 
 
 1. Loss of understanding; imbecility of 
 mind ; deliriousness. 
 
 'I'hc soul in all halh one intelligence ,^ 
 Though too much moisture in an infant's brain, 
 
 And too much driness in an old man's sense, 
 Cannot llic prints of outward things retain: 
 
 'I'lien dolh the soul want work, and idle sit ; 
 And this we childishjiess and dotat'e call. Davies. 
 
 I hold, that perfect joy makes Ml our parts 
 As joyful as imr hearts : 
 Our senses tell us, if we please not tliem. 
 Our love is but a r/tidige.oradream. Suckling. 
 
 2. Excessive fondness. 
 
 If on your head my fury does not turn. 
 Thank the fond dotage wliich so much you scorn. 
 
 Vrydfn. 
 
 Do'tal. adj. [dotalis, Lat.] Relating to 
 the portion of a woman ; constituting 
 her portion ; comprised in her portion. 
 
 Shall 1, of one poor dotal town possest, 
 fliy people thin, my wretched country waste, 
 An cxil'd prince, and on a shaking throne. 
 Or risk niy patron's subjects, or my own > 
 
 ■^ Garth's Ovid. 
 
 Do'tard, n. s. [from dote.] A man 
 
 whose age has impaired his intellects ; a 
 
 man in his second childhood, called in 
 
 some provinces a twichild. 
 
 Dotard, said he, let be thy deep advise. 
 
 Seems that through many vears thy wits thee fail, 
 
 And that weak old hath'left thee nothing wise, 
 
 Else never should thy judgment be so frail. fairi/ Q. 
 
 The sickly dotard wants a wife. 
 
 To draw oil his last dregs of life. Pri.ir. 
 
 Dota'tion. n. s. [dotalio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of giving a dowry or portion. Did. 
 
 To DOTE. r. n. [doteii. But. radoter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To have the intellect impaired by age 
 
 or passion ; to be delirious. 
 
 Unless the fear of death make mc dote. 
 
 I see my son. Shaktsji. Comedii of Errours. 
 
 A sword is upon the liars, and they shall dole : 
 
 a sword is upon her mighly mcii, and they shall 
 
 be dismayed. *'*''"• '- ^'t'- 
 
 Time has made j ou dote, and vainly tell 
 Of arnjs imugin'd ni your lonely cell : 
 Oo, be the tci'iple anil the gods your care ; 
 Permit to men' the thoi^ht of peace and war. 
 
 Drydens A]neid. 
 ^V'hen an old woman begins to d'ole, and grow 
 chargeable to a parish, she is turned inlo a wilcli, 
 and tills the country with extravagant fancies. 
 
 Addiion's Speetator. 
 
 D O U 
 
 2. To be in love to extremity. 
 
 He was stricken will) ^reat aliVctiou lownrds 
 me, wliich mice is gruwn to bucli a dolimg love, 
 that 1 was fain tu get this place »unH:Uniet lo re- 
 tire in freely. Sidney. 
 
 1 have lung luved her, and be»lowed much on 
 her, fulluwed her with a dating obftervauce.-Vioiclf. 
 
 To Dote upon. To regard with excessive 
 fondness ; to love to excess. 
 
 All their prayers and luvc 
 Were set on Hereford, whom ihey doted on. 
 And bIrssM, and j^rac'd. Skakesp. Heitry IV. 
 
 Korjrivc ine, that 1 du nut dream on iliet-,* 
 Because tliovi seesl me dote ujion my love.MoJfesp. 
 
 AH the beauties of the court besides 
 Are mad in luve, and dott upon your person. Denh. 
 
 Mark those wlm dote on arbnlary jKjwer, 
 And you ^)lall find 'm either hot-brain'd youth. 
 Or needy Laiikrupts. Dryden. 
 
 WiiuUi you ^o dote upon vour first desire. 
 As not tocntertiiin a nobler hre Lh-udens InH. Emp. 
 
 W'c dote upon this present worlJ, and the enjoy- 
 ments of it ; and 'tis not without pain and (ear. and 
 reluctaiicy, that we are torn from them, as if our 
 hojjes \.i\ ult within the compass of lliis life. Bumrt. 
 
 O de.iili all eloquent ! you only prove 
 \\'hat dust we dote on, when 'tis man we \ove.Pope. 
 
 Do'ted. adj. [from the verb ] Stujud. 
 Not used. 
 
 His senseless speech and doted ignorance 
 Tlie prince had marked well. Spenur. 
 
 Do'ter. n. s. [from dote.] 
 
 1. One whose understanding is impaired 
 by years; a dotard. 
 
 What should a bald fellow do with a corab, a 
 dumb dottr with a pipCf or a blind man with a 
 luoking-glass. Burton, 
 
 2. A man fondly, weakly, and excessively 
 in love. 
 
 If in black my lady's brow l>e deckt. 
 It mourns that painting and usurping air 
 
 Should ravish dolers with a false aj.pcct ; 
 And thercfure is she born to make black (oiT.Shak. 
 
 Our doters upon red and white are incessantly' 
 poxplexed by the incertainty both of the conti- 
 nuance of their niistresi's kindness, and of the 
 lasting of her beauty. Boyle. 
 
 Do'tingly. a^i*. [from Jo ^'n^.] Fondly; 
 by excessive fondness. 
 
 That he, to wedlock dotingly betray 'd. 
 Should hup*' in this lewd town to finci a maid ! 
 
 Drydens Juvenal. 
 
 Do'ttard, n.s. This word seems to sig- 
 nify a tree kept low by cutting. 
 
 For great tree.s, we see almost all overgrown 
 trees in church-yards, or near ancient buildings, 
 and the like, are pollards and dottards^ and uol 
 trees at their full height. Bacon. 
 
 Do'tterel. Ji. s. [fvom dote.] The name 
 of a bird that uiimicks gestures, 
 
 Wc see liow* reailv apes and monkeys are to 
 imitate all motions of man; and in catching of 
 dottcrtls, we see how the foolish bird ptaycth the 
 ape in gestures. Bacon. 
 
 DOUBLE, adj. [double. Ft. duple:r, Lat. 
 duple, Erse.] 
 
 1 . Two of a sort ; one corresponding to 
 the other ; in pairs. 
 
 All things arc doable one against anoUier, and 
 he hath made nothini; imperfect. Eccliis. xlii. W. 
 
 2. Twice as nnich ; containinor the same 
 qii.intity repeated. It is sometimes use<l 
 ■\vitii to, and sometimes without. 
 
 Groat honiiurs are great burthens ; but on whom 
 Tbev are cast with envy, he doth bear two loads: 
 His cares must still be iloubte to his joys, 
 Ll any dignity. Ben Jons.m's Calalint. 
 
 The sum of forty thousand pounds is almost 
 double to what is su'lhcient. Suip's Drop. Letters. 
 
 3. Having one addetl to another ; having 
 nioretlianoneinthesanieorderorparallel. 
 
 567
 
 1) O IJ 
 
 It is a curiosity also to malte flowers doiible, 
 which is etfected by often removing theni into 
 new eartli ; as, on the contrary part, double flow- 
 ers, by neglecting, and nut reniuvint^ prove sin- 
 gle. Bacon's Nat. tlUtory. 
 
 1 met a reverend, fat, old gouty friar. 
 With a pauncli swoln so high, his doubU chin 
 Might rest upon't. Drydens Sjtan. Friar. 
 
 4. Twofold ; of two kinds. 
 
 Tims cursed steel, and more accursed gold. 
 Gave mischief birth, and made that mischief bold ; 
 And double death did wretched man invade. 
 By steel assaulted, and by gold betray'd. 
 
 Drydens Ovid. 
 
 No star appears to lend his friendly light ; 
 Darkness and tempest make a double night. Dryd. 
 
 5. Two ill number. 
 
 And if one power did not both see and hear. 
 Our sights ana sounds would alvvays double be. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 6. Having twice the effect or influence ; 
 having the power of two. Not used. 
 
 The magnifico is much belov'd, 
 Aud hath m his eliect a voice potential. 
 As double as the duke's. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 T. Deceitful ; acting two parts, one openly, 
 the other in secret. 
 
 r th' presence 
 He would say untruths, and be ever double 
 Both in his words and meaning. S/iu/c- Henry VIII. 
 
 Fifty thousand could keep rank, that n'ere nut 
 of double heart. 1 Cbron. xii. 33. 
 
 Double-plea. v. s. [duplex placilutn, 
 Lat.] Is that in which the defendant al- 
 ledges for himself two several matters, 
 in bar of the action, whereof either is 
 sufficient to effect his desu-e in debarring 
 the plaintiff. Cowell. 
 
 Double-quarrel, is a complaint made 
 by any clerk or other to the archbishop 
 of the province, against an inferiour or- 
 dinary, for delaying justice in some cause 
 ecclesiastical. The effect is, that the .irch- 
 bishop directs his letters, under the au- 
 thentical seal, to all clerks of his pro- 
 vince, commanding them to admonish 
 the said ordinary within nine days to do 
 the justice required, or otherwise to cite 
 him to appear before him or his official ; 
 andlastly to intimate to the said ordinary, 
 that if he neither performs the thing en- 
 joined, nor appears at the day assigned, 
 he himself will proceed to perform the 
 justice required. And this seems to be 
 termed a douhle-quarrel, because it is 
 most commonly made against both the 
 judge, and him at whose petition justice 
 is delayed. . Cowell. 
 
 Double, adv. Twice over. 
 
 I am not so old in proportion to them as I for- 
 merly was, whicli I can prove by arithmetick ; 
 for then 1 was double their age, which now I am 
 not. Swift. 
 
 Douhleis much used in composition, gene- 
 rally for dotibly, two ways ; as, double- 
 edged, having an edge on each side : or 
 for twice the number or quantity ; as, 
 double-died, twice died. 
 
 Double-biting, adj. [double and bite.] 
 Biting or cutting on either side. 
 
 But most their looks on the ttiack monarch bend. 
 His rising muscles and his brawn commend ; 
 Hh douhle-bitiu}; i\x, and beamy spear. 
 Each asking a gigantic force to resir. Dryd. Fubles. 
 
 Double buttoned, adj. [double and 
 buttoned.] Having two rows of buttons. 
 
 D () U 
 
 Others you*llsee tvhen all the town's afloat. 
 Wrapt in th' embraces of a kersey coat. 
 Or double-button d frieze. Gain's Trivia. 
 
 Double-dealer, n. s. [double and deal- 
 er.] A deceitful, subtle, insidious fellow; 
 one who acts two parts at the same time ; 
 onewhosays one thing and thinks another- 
 
 Double-dealers may pass muster for awhile ; but 
 all parties wash their hands of them in the con- 
 clusion. L'F.strange. 
 
 Double-dealing, n. s. [double and 
 dealing.] .Artifice ; dissimulation ; low 
 or wicked cunning ; the action of one 
 thing with the profession of ariother. 
 
 Thou shalt not be the worse for me ; there's gold. 
 — But that it would be double-dealing. Sir 1 would 
 you could make it another. Shakesp. Tweljt ?\Hght. 
 
 Our poets have joined together such qualities as 
 are by nature most compatible ; valour with anger, 
 meekness witli piety, and prudence with dissimu- 
 lation .■ this last union was necessary for the good- 
 ness of Ulysses; for, without that, his dissimula- 
 tion might have degenerated into wickedness and 
 double-dealing. Broome's View qf Epic Poetry. 
 
 To Double-die. v. a. [double and die.] 
 To die twice over. 
 
 Yes, I'll to the royal bed, 
 \^'he^e first the mysteries of our fove were acted. 
 And double-die it with imperial crimson. 
 
 Dryden and Lee 
 
 Double-founted. adj. [double and 
 fowit.] Having two sources. 
 
 Here the douhle-Jounted stream 
 Jordan, true limit eastward. Milton. 
 
 Double-handed, adj. [double and 
 hand.] Having two hands. 
 
 All things being double-handed, and having the 
 appearances both of truth and falsehood, where 
 our affections have engaged us, we attend only 
 to the former. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Double-headed, adj. [double and 
 head.] Having the flowers growing one 
 to another. 
 
 The double rich scarlet nonsuch is a large dou- 
 ble-headed flower, of the richest scarlet colour. 
 
 Mivtimer. 
 
 To Double-lock. v. a. [double and lock.] 
 To shoot the lock twice ; to fasten with 
 double security. 
 
 He immediately double-locked his door, and sat 
 down carefully to" reading and comparing bolh his 
 orders. 'J'utler. 
 
 Double-minded, adj. [f torn double and 
 mind.] Unsettled ; undetermined. 
 A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways. 
 
 James. 
 
 Double-shining, adj. [double and 
 shirte.] Shining with double lustre. 
 
 He was 
 Among the rest that there did take delight 
 To see the sports of double-shining day. Sidney. 
 
 Double-tongued, adj. [double and 
 tongue.] Deceitful ; giving contrary ac- 
 counts of the same thing. 
 
 The deacons must be grave, not double-tongued, 
 not given to much wine, nor greedy of lilthy lucre. 
 
 1 Tim. 
 For much she fear'd the Tyrians double-tongii'd, 
 And knew the town to Juno's care beliing'd. 
 
 Drydens Virg. 
 
 7b Do'uble. v. a. [from the adjective,] 
 I. To enlarge any quantity by addition 
 of the same quantity. 
 
 Rumour doth double voice and echo 
 The numbers of the fear'd. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Pay him si.\ thousand, and deface the bond ; 
 Double six thousand, aud then treble that. Shak. 
 
 Our foe's too proud the weaker to assail. 
 Or doubles his dishonour if he fail. Dryden. 
 
 This power of repeating or doubling any idea we ' 
 Lave of any di.stance, and adding it to Uie former, 
 
 D O U 
 
 as often as we will, without being ever able to 
 come to any stop or stint, is that which gives U3 
 the idea of immensity. Locke. 
 
 'I his was only the value of the silver, there was 
 
 besides a tenth part of that number of talents of 
 
 gold, which, if gold was reckoned in a decuple 
 
 proporlion, will just rfoiifefc the sum. Arbuth. on Coin. 
 
 •2. Contain twice the quantity. 
 
 Thus reinforc'd against the adverse fleet. 
 Still doubling ours, brave Rupert leads the way. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To repeat ; to add. 
 
 He saw prouiid Arcite and fierce Palemon 
 In mortal battle doubling blow on blow ; 
 Like lightning flaiu'd their falchions to and fro 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To add one to another in the same order 
 or parallel. 
 
 1 hou shalt double the curtain in the tabernacle 
 
 Exodus. 
 
 5. To fold. 
 
 He bought iicr sermons, psalms, and graces. 
 And doubled down the useful places. Prior. 
 
 6. To pass round a headland. 
 
 Saiiina along the coast, he doubled the promon- 
 tory of Carthage, yet famous for the ruins of that 
 proud city. KnoUes. 
 
 Now we have the Cape of Good Hope in sight, 
 the trade-wind is our own, if we can but double it. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 To Do'uble. v. n. 
 
 1. To increase to twice the quantity. 
 
 'Tis observed in particular Dai.ions, ttiat witPiin 
 the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding 
 all casualties, the number of men double* 
 
 Bitmei's Theory. 
 
 2. To enlage the stake to twice the sum in 
 play. 
 
 Throw j^gypt's hy, and offer in the stead,- 
 Otier — the crown on Beniice's head : 
 I ainresolv'd to double till I w'ut.Dry.TyrannicLove. 
 
 3. To turn back, or wind in running. 
 
 Under the line the sun crossclh the line, and 
 maketh two sunmiers and two winters : but in the 
 skirts of tite torrid zone it doubkth and goeth back 
 again, and so maketh one long summer. 
 
 Bacon s Natural History. 
 
 Who knovs which way she points ? 
 Doubling ami turning like a hunted hare 
 Find out the meaning of her nnnd who can. Dryd. 
 
 So keen thy hunters, and thy scent so strong. 
 Thy turns and doubintgs cannot save thee long. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 4. To play tricks ; to use sleights. 
 
 Do'uble. n. s. 
 
 1. Twice the quantity or number. 
 
 If the thief be found, let him j)ay double. Exod. 
 
 In all the four great years of luortaiity above 
 memioned, I do not find that any week the plague 
 increascdto thedoii6(eof the precedent week above 
 five times. Grauut's Mortality. 
 
 2. Strong beer; beer of twice the common 
 strength. 
 
 Here's a pot of f^ood double, neighbour: drink, 
 and fear nut your man. Shakesp. Henry \ 1. 
 
 3. A turn used to escape pursuit. 
 
 I\Ian is frail. 
 Convulsions rack his nerves, aud cares his breast; 
 His flying life is chas'd by rav'ning pains. 
 Through all his doubles, in the winding veins. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 4. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice. 
 
 These men are too well acquainted with the 
 chase, to be flung otf by any false steps or doubles. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Do'ubleness. n. s. [from double.] The 
 state of being double. 
 
 If you think well to carry this as you may, the 
 doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit from 
 reproof. Shakesp, 
 
 Do'ubler. M.S. [frora double.] He that 
 
 doubles any thing. 
 Do'ublet. n. s. [from double.] 
 
 568
 
 D O U 
 
 1, The inner garment of a man ; tlie 
 waistcoat ; so called from bcint^ double 
 for warmth, or because it makes the 
 dress double. 
 
 What a pretty thing a man is, when he goes in 
 his doublet and hose, and loaves off his wit ! 
 
 Shakesp, 
 His doublet was of sturdy buff, 
 And though not sword yet cudgel proof. Iludib 
 It is comnion enough to see a countryman in 
 the doublet and breeches of liis great urandfaiher. 
 Addisim on Italy. 
 Tlu'y do but miniick ancient wits at best, 
 As apes our grandsires, in their rfaut/cfsdrest. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Two; a pair. 
 
 Those doublets on tlic sides of his tail seem tn 
 add strength to the muscles which move the tail 
 tins. Crew's Museum. 
 
 DOUBLON. n.s. [Fr.] ASpanishcoin 
 containing the value of two pistoles. 
 
 Do'uBLY. a(h\ l^voxn double.'] In twice 
 the quantity ; to twice the dep:ree. 
 
 Young Holhs, on a muse by ISIars hegot, 
 Born, Caesar like, to write and act great deeds, 
 
 Impatient to revenge his fatal sliot, 
 His right hand douhh/ to his left succeeds. Drydcn. 
 
 Haply at night lie does with horror shun 
 A widow'd daughter, or a dying son : 
 His neighbour's otlspring he to-morrow sees, 
 And doubly feels his want in their increase. Prior. 
 
 To DOUBT, v.n. [doubter, lh\ dubito, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To question ; to be in uncertainty. 
 
 Even in matters divine, concerning some thing;s, 
 we may lawfully doubt and suspend our judgment, 
 inclining neither to one side or oilier, as, namely, 
 touching the time of the fall both of man and an- 
 gels. Hooker. 
 
 Let no man, while he lives here in the world, 
 doubt wliether there is any hell or no, and tlicre- 
 upon live so, as if absolutely there were none. 
 
 South. 
 
 I doubt not to make it appear to be a monstious 
 folly to deride hoiy things. Tillotson. 
 
 Can we conclude upon Luther's instability, be- 
 cause in a single notion, no way fundamental, an 
 enemy writes ^hat lie had some aouhtings? Atterh. 
 
 2. To question any event ; fearing the 
 worst. 
 
 Doubting things go ill, often hurts more 
 Than to be sure they do. Sliaheap. Cifmbeline. 
 
 Admitting motion, this I urire to shew 
 Invalid, that which thee to doubl it mov'd. Milton. 
 
 3. Sometimes with of m both the fore- 
 going senses. 
 
 Solyman said he had hitlicrto made warasainst 
 divers nations, and always had the -victory, 
 whereof he doubted not now also. 
 
 KnoUts's Historjiof the Turh. 
 Have I not manag'd my contrivance well, 
 To try your love, and make you doubt of mine ? 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 4. To fear ; to be apprehensive of ill. 
 
 I ditubt there's deep resentment in his mind, 
 Fortlielate slight his honour sutlVr'd there. Otwaij. 
 If there were no fault in the title, I doubt there 
 are too many in the body of the work. 
 
 Baker on Learning. 
 Tiiis is enou«h for a project, without any name ; 
 1 doubt more tnan will be reduced into practice. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 5. To suspect ; to have suspicion. 
 
 The king did all his courage bend 
 Against those four which now before Inm were. 
 Doubting not who behind him duth attend. Daniel. 
 
 6. To hesitate ; to be in suspense ; to 
 waver undetermined. 
 
 AVh.'it fear we then, why doubt we to incense 
 His utmost ire ? Milton. 
 
 At first the lender blades of grass appear, 
 And buds, that yet the blast of Eurus fear. 
 Stand at the door of life, and doubt to clothe the 
 year. Dryden, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D O U 
 
 To Doubt, r. a. 
 
 1. To hold questionable ; to think uncer- 
 tain. 
 
 2. To think endangered 
 
 He from the terror of this arm so late 
 Doubted his empire. Milton's Parad. Lost. 
 
 3. To fear; to suspect. 
 
 lie did ordain the interdicts and prohibitions 
 wiiich we have to make entrance ol strangers, 
 which at lliat time was frequent, doubting novel- 
 ties and commixture of manners. Bacon 
 
 W ihey turn not back perverse; 
 But that I doubt Milton. 
 
 Vou that will be less fearful than discreet, 
 That love the fundamental part of state, 
 IMore than you doubt the* change of it, prefer 
 A noble life before a long. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 4. To distrust ; to hold suspected. 
 To teach vain wits a science little known, 
 
 T' admire superior sense, and doubt their own. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Doubt, n, s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Uncertainty of mind; suspense; un- 
 determined state of opinion. 
 
 Could any difliculty have been proposed, the re- 
 sohition would hdve been as early as the proposal ; 
 it could n<»t have had lime to settle into W(iw6(.A"uit(/i. 
 
 Those who liavc e.viminetl it, are thereliy got 
 past doubt in all the ductrincs they profess. Locke. 
 
 2. Question; point unsettled. 
 Hippocrates commends the flesh of the wild 
 
 sow above the tame ; and no doubt but the animal 
 is more or less healthy, according to the air it 
 lives in. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 'Tis past n doubt. 
 All Bedlam or Parnassus is let out. Pope. 
 
 3. Scruple; perplexity; irresolution. 
 
 Our doubts arc traitors, 
 And make us lose, by fearing to attempt. 
 Tile good we oft might win. Shakcsp. 
 
 4. Uncertainty of condition. 
 
 And thy life shall hang in doubt before tliee ; 
 and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have 
 no assurance of thy life. Deut. 
 
 I'm bound in 
 'J'o saucy doubts and fears. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Suspicion ; apprehension of ill. 
 
 I desire to be present with you now, and to 
 change my voice ; for I stand indoubt of you. 
 
 Oat. iv. 20. 
 
 6. Difficulty objected. 
 
 To every doubt your answer is the same, 
 It so fell out, and so by chance it came. Blackm. 
 
 Do'UBTER. w. s. [from doubt.] One 
 who entertains scruples ; one who hangs 
 in uncertainty. 
 
 Doubtful, adj. [doubt and/w//.] 
 
 1. Dubious ; not settled in opinion. 
 Methinks I should know you, and know this 
 
 man ; 
 Yet J am doubtful. Shakcsp. King Lear. 
 
 Thus they tlieir donbtfid consultations ended. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Ambicruons; not clear in its meaning : 
 as, a doubtful expression. 
 
 3. That about which there is doubt, that 
 wliich is not yet determined or decided; 
 obscure; questionable; uncertain. 
 
 In handling the right of a war, I am not willing 
 to intermi.\ matter doubtful with tliat which is oul 
 of doubt; for as in capital causes, wherein but 
 one man's life is in question, the evidence ought 
 to be clear ; so much more in a judgment upon a 
 war, which is capital to thousands. Bacon. 
 
 ludoubtfnl cases, reason still determines for the 
 safer side ; especially if the case be not only 
 doubtful, but also higl'ily concerning, and tlie ven- 
 ture ue a soul and an eternity. South. 
 
 Themetes first, 'tis doubtjul whether hir'd. 
 Or so the Trojan destiny required, 
 Mov'd that the ramparts miglit be broken down. 
 
 Drydcn, 
 
 D O U 
 
 4. Hazardous ; of uncertain event, 
 
 \Vc have su^tain'd one day in doui>tJnl fitiht, 
 What lieav'nS high Lord had pow'rfullest. MiUon, 
 
 New counsels to oetate 
 What doubtful may < nsue. Milton. 
 
 5. Not secure ; not without su.^piciun. 
 
 Our manner is always to cast a doubtful and a 
 more suspicious e^c tuwards that, over which w^ 
 know we have least puwcr. Hooker, Dedication. 
 
 G. Not confident ; not without fear. 
 
 \\ hh doubtful h-et, and wavering resolution, 
 I come, still dreading thy displeasure, Sainton. 
 
 Milton. 
 This was at first resolved 
 If we were wise, against so great a foe 
 Contending, and ut doubtful what might faJI. Milt. 
 
 7- Partaking difl'erent qualities. 
 
 Looks 
 Downcast and damp, vet such wherein appcar'd 
 Some glimpseof joy .which on his count'nancec&sc 
 
 Like doubtful hue. Milton. 
 
 Do'uBTFrLLY. adv. [from doubtful.] 
 
 1. Dubiously ; irresolutely. 
 
 2. Ambiguously ; with uncertainty of 
 
 meaning. 
 
 Knowing how dotthtfully a,\\ allegories may be 
 construed, and this hook of mine bein^ a conti- 
 nual allegory, I have thought good to discover 
 tlie general intention. Spenser. 
 
 Sordid the goddess doubtfuUu declare 
 Her alter'd mind, and alienateifcare. Dryden. 
 
 Do'l'btfllness. 71. .y. [irom douhtfui,] 
 
 1. Dubiousness; suspense; instability of 
 opinion. 
 
 Though doubtfulness or uncertainty seems to be 
 a medium between certain truth and certain false- 
 hood in our niin<ls, yet there is no such medium 
 in things themselves. Watts. 
 
 2. Ambiguity ; uncertainty of meaning. 
 
 In arguing, the opponent uses as comprehensive 
 and equivocal terms as he can, to involve his ad- 
 versary in the doubtfutniss of his expressions : and 
 therefore the answerer, on his side, makes it his 
 play to distinguish as much as he can. Locke. 
 
 niost of his philosophy is in broken sentences, 
 delivered with much doubtfulness. Baker on Learn. 
 
 3. Hazard ; uncertainty of event or con- 
 dition. 
 
 Do'uBTiNGLY. adv. [from doubt.] In 
 a doubtins^ manner ; dubiously ; with- 
 out confidence. 
 
 Whatsoever a man imaginethtfoufrfin^fv.or with 
 fear, must needs do hurt, if imagination have any 
 power at all ; for a man represenleth that oficner 
 that he fcarclh, than the contrary. Bacon's N. Hist. 
 
 Do'vBTLESS. adj. [from doubt.] Free 
 from fear ; void of apprehension of 
 dan^cer. 
 
 Prelty child, sleep (ii)ri6t/cs5 .ind secure. 
 That Hubert, for the wealth of ail the world. 
 Will not otVend thee. Shakcsp. King John. 
 
 I am doubtless, X can pur^ 
 Myself of many I amcharg'd witnal. Shak. H. IV. 
 Do'uBTLESs. a:!v. Without doubt; with- 
 out question ; unquestionably. 
 
 Doubtless he would have made a noble knight. 
 
 Shaktsp. 
 All their desires, deserts, or expectations the 
 Conqueror had no other means to satisfy, but by 
 tlie estates of such as had appeared open enemies 
 to him, an<i doubtless many innocent persons suf- 
 fered in this kind. Hale's Commen Lou. 
 Doubtless many men are finally lost, who yet 
 have no men's sins to answer for but their own. 
 
 South. 
 IMountains have been doubtless much higher than 
 they are at present : the rains have washed away 
 thesoil. that has left the Terns of stones shoo tine 
 out of them. H'iiciduxinr 
 
 Doubtless, oh guest ! great laud and praise were 
 mine. 
 If, after social rites and gifts bestow'd, 
 1 staiu'd niy hospitable hearth with bkxid. 
 
 Pope's Odxjssey. 
 
 4 D 569
 
 D O U 
 
 Douce't. n.s. \douctt,VY.] A custard. 
 This word I find only in Skimur, and 
 in Ainswortli. 
 
 Do'ucKER. n.s. [coli/mhus; from To 
 dotuk, corrupted from To duck.] A 
 bird that dips in the water. 
 
 'I'he cnlymbi, or diutckers, ut iooiis, are admira- 
 bly confoniied fur diviiiCT^ covered Avitli thick 
 f)lnniai:e. and their feathers so slippery that water 
 caiiiiut moisten tliem. litiij 
 
 DO\ E. n. .9. [pa/umbvs ; duvo, oWTeu- 
 tonick; inub, daub, Germ.] 
 
 1. A wild pigeon. 
 
 .So shew s a snowy dove trooping with crows, 
 As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows. 
 
 Shahi'Sp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 Sa^', will the falcon, stoopin? frum above, 
 Sniitwith her varying plumage, s])are the dove? 
 
 Pope. 
 Not half so swift the trembling doves can Hy, 
 \^'hen the fierce eagle cleaves the liquid sky ; 
 Xot half so swiftly the fierce eagle moves, 
 \\ hen through the skies he drives the tremWing 
 doves. Pope. 
 
 2. A pigeon. 
 
 I have here a dish of doves, tliat T will bestow 
 
 upon vour worship. .Shakesj). Merch. of Venice. 
 
 Do'vtcoT. n.s. [dove and cot.] A small 
 
 building, in which pigeons are bred 
 
 and kept. 
 
 Like an eagle in a dovecot, I 
 Flutter'd your Yolscians in Corioli ; 
 Alone I did it. Sliokesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Do'vEHousE. n. s. [dove and house.] A 
 house for pigeons. 
 
 The hawk sets up for protector, and makes 
 
 havock in the dovehoiise. L'Estrauge. 
 
 But still the doveliouse obstinately stood. Dvyd. 
 
 Do'vETAlL. n.s. [dove and tail.] A form 
 
 of joining two bodies together, where 
 
 that whicli is inserted has the form of a 
 
 wedge reversed, and therefore cannot 
 
 fall out. 
 
 Dough, n.s. [bah, Sax. decgh, Diit.] 
 
 1. The paste of bread, or pies, yet un- 
 baked. 
 
 When the gods moulded up the paste of man. 
 Some of their dough was left upon their hands. 
 Fur want of souls, and so they made Egyptians. 
 
 Drydejl. 
 You that from pliant paste would fabricks raise, 
 Expecting thence to gain immortal ))raise. 
 Your knuckles try, and let your sinews know 
 Their power to kneed, and give the form to dough. 
 
 King. 
 
 2. Ml/ cake is dough. My affair has mis- 
 carried ; ray undertaking has never 
 come to maturity. 
 
 My cake is doiij^h, but I'll in among the rest ; 
 Out of hope of all, but my share of the feast. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Doughba'ked. adj. [dough and baked.] 
 Unfinished ; not hardened to perfec- 
 tion ; soft. ' 
 
 For when, through tasteless flat humility. 
 In doughbak'd men some harmlessness we see, 
 'Tis but his phlegm that's virtuous, and not he. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Do'uRHTY. adj. [bohw5, Sax. deught, 
 virtue, Dut.] 
 
 1 . Brave ; noble ; illustrious ; eminent. 
 Used of men and things. 
 
 Such restless passion did all night torment 
 The flatt'riiig courage of that fairy knight. 
 
 Devising how that doughty tournament 
 With greatest lionour he achieven might. Fairy Q. 
 
 2. It is now seldom used but ironically, 
 or in burlesque. 
 
 DOW 
 
 If this (/('»^/i/i/ historian bath any honour or con- 
 science loft, he ought to beg pardon. StiUingJieet. 
 
 She smil'd to see tlie doughtit hero slain ; 
 But, at her smile, the beau reviv'd again. Pojie. 
 
 Do'uGHY. adj. [from dough.] Unsound; 
 soft ; unhardened. 
 
 Your son was misled with a snipt tafFata fellow 
 there, whose villainous saffron would have made 
 all the unbaked and doughy youth of a nation in 
 his Cdhmr. Shakesp. 
 
 To DOUSE, r. a. [^ia,^; but probably it 
 
 is a cant word formed from the sound.] 
 
 To put over head suddenly in the water. 
 
 To Douse, v. n. To fall suddenly into 
 
 the water. 
 
 It is no testing trivial matter. 
 To swing i' til' air, or douse in water. Hudtbras. 
 Do'wAGEK. n. s. [douairiere, Fr.] 
 1. A widow with a jointure. 
 She lingers iny desires. 
 Like to a stepdame or a dowager. 
 Long wintering on a young man's revenue. Shok. 
 Widows have a greater interest in property than 
 either maids or wives ; so that it is as unnatural 
 for a dou-ager as a freeholder to be an enemy to 
 our constitution. Addison. 
 
 '2. The title given to ladies who survive 
 their husbands. 
 
 Catharine no more 
 Shall be called queen ; but princess dmvaaer, 
 And widow to prince Arthur. Shak. H. VIII. 
 
 Do'WDY. n. s. An awkward, illdressed, 
 inelegant woman. 
 
 Laura, to his lady, was but a kitchen wench ; 
 Dido, a dowdy ; Cleopatra, a gipsy ; Helen and 
 Hero, slidinsis and harlots. Sluik. Pomeo and Juliet. 
 
 The bedlam train of lovers use 
 T' inbance the value, and the faults excuse ; 
 And therefore 'tis no wonder if we see 
 They doat on dowdies and deformity. Dryden. 
 
 Dowdy, adj. Awkward. 
 
 No housewifery the doivdy creature knew ; 
 To sum up all, her tongue coiifess'd the shrew. Cay. 
 
 So'WErV.} n. s. [douaire,Fr.] 
 
 1. That which the wife bringeth to her 
 husband in marriage. 
 
 His wife brought in dow'r Cilicia's crown. 
 And in herself a greater dotv'r alone. Dryden. 
 
 His only daueliter in a stranger's pow'r ; 
 For very want, he could not pay a dow'r. Pope. 
 
 Rich, though depriv'd of all her little store, 
 For who can seize fair virtue's better dow'r? 
 
 Melmouth. 
 
 2. That which the widow possesses. 
 
 His patrimonial territories of Flanders were in 
 dower to his mother-in-law. Bacon's Hen. \ II. 
 
 3. The gifts of a husband for a wife. 
 Ask me never so much dowcry and gift, and 1 
 
 will give according as you shall say unto me ; but 
 give me the damsel to w ife. Gere, xxxiv. 12. 
 
 4. Endowment; gift. 
 
 What spreading virtue, what a sparklhig fire. 
 How great, how plentiful, how rich a rfoun-. 
 Dost thou within this dying flesh inspire ! Davies. 
 Do'wERED. adj. [i'rom doivet:] Portion- 
 ed ; supplied with a portion. 
 
 Will you with those infiuiities she owes. 
 Unfriended, new adapted to our hate, 
 Dower'd with our curse, and stranger'd with our 
 
 oath. 
 Take lier, or leave her ? Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Do'wERLESS. adj. [from dower.] Want- 
 ing a fortune ; unportioned. 
 Thy dow'rlcss daughter, king, thrown to my 
 chance. 
 Is queen of us, and ours, and our fair France. Shak. 
 
 Do'wLAS. fi. s. A coarse kind of linen. 
 
 Dowlas, filthy dowlas; I have given them away 
 to bakers wives, and they have made boulters of 
 them. _ Sluihes]). 
 
 Down. n. s. [duun, Danisli.] 
 
 DOW 
 
 1. Soft feathers. 
 
 Virtue is the roughest way ; 
 But proves at night a bed of down. Wotton. 
 
 Leave, leave, fair bride ! your solitary bed, 
 No more shall ^'ou return to it alone ; 
 It liurseth sadness : and your body's print. 
 Like to a grave the yielding down doth dint. 
 
 Dcnme. 
 
 "We tumble on ow doum, and court the blessing 
 Of a short minute's slumber. Derham's Sophy. 
 
 A tender weakly constitution is very much 
 owing to the use of down beds. Locke. 
 
 2. Any thing that soothes or mollifies. 
 Thou bosom softness ! down of all my cares ! 
 
 I could recline my thoughts upon this breast 
 
 To a forgetfulness of all my griefs. 
 
 And yet be happy. Simthem's Oroonoko. 
 
 3. Soft wool, or tender hair. 
 
 I love my husband still ; 
 But love him as he was when youthful grace. 
 And the first rfou-n, began to shade his face. Dryd. 
 
 On thy chin the springing beard began 
 To spread a doubtful down, and promise man. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 4. The soft fibres of plants which wing 
 the seeds. 
 
 Anj- light thing that moveth, when we find no 
 wind, sheweth a wind at hand ; as when feathers, 
 or down of thistles, fly to and fro in the air. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 Like scatter'd down, by howling Eurus blown 
 By rapid whirlwinds from his mansion thrown. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 DOWN. n. s. [bun, Sax. dune, Erse, a 
 hill.] A large open plain ; properly a 
 flat on the top of an hill. 
 
 On the downs we see, near Wilton fair, 
 A hasten'd hare from greedy greyhound go. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Lord of much riches which the use renowns ; 
 Seven thousand broad-tail'd sheep graz'd on his 
 downs. Sandys, 
 
 Not all the fleecy wealth 
 That doth enrich those downs is worth a thought. 
 To this my erraud, and the care it brought. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Hills aflxird pleasant prospects ; as they must 
 
 needs acknowledge who have been on the doivns 
 
 of Sussex. Pay. 
 
 How Will-a-wisp misleads night-faring clowns 
 
 O'er hills, and sinking bogs, and pathless downs. 
 
 Gay. 
 To compass this, his building is a town. 
 His pond an ocean, his parterre a down. Pope. 
 
 Down. prep, [abuna. Sax.] 
 
 1. Along a descent; from a higher place 
 to a lower. 
 
 Let go thy hold when a great wheel runs down 
 hill, lest it break thy neck with following it ; but 
 the great one that goes upward, let bini draw 
 after. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 A man falling down a precipice, though in mo- 
 tion, is not at liberty, because he cannot stop 
 that motion if he would. Locke. 
 
 2. Towards the mouth of the river. 
 Mahomet puts his chief substance into certain 
 
 boats, to be conveyed doum the river, as purpos- 
 ing to fly. KnoUes. 
 
 Down. adv. Not up. 
 
 1. On the ground; from the height at 
 which any thing was to a lower situa- 
 tion. 
 
 Whom they hit, noneon their feet might stand. 
 Though standing else as rocks : but down they fell 
 By thousands. Milton's Parad. Lmt. 
 
 Down sinks tlie giant with a thund'ring sound. 
 His pond'rous limbs oppress the trembling ground. 
 
 2. Tending towards the ground. 
 
 3. From former to latter times : as, this 
 has been the practice down from the 
 conquest. 
 
 4. Out of sight ; below the horizon. 
 
 570
 
 DOW 
 
 How goes the nighl boy ? 
 —The moon is down ; I have not licard the clock, 
 And she goes doitn at twelve. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 5. To a total subjection : used of men 
 and things. 
 
 What remains of the subject, after the decoc- 
 tion, is coniinucd to be boiled doun, with the ad- 
 dition of fresh water, to a sapid fat. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 6. Into disgrace ; into declining reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 He sliar'd onr dividend o' th' crown, 
 
 We had so painfully preach'd down ; 
 
 And forc'd ns, though against the grain, 
 
 T' have calls to preach it up again. fludibras. 
 
 It has been still preached up, but acted down ; 
 and dealt with as ihe eagle in the fable did with 
 the oyster, carrying it up on high, that by letting 
 ilfall, he might dash it in pieces. South. 
 
 There is not a more melancholy object in tlie 
 learned world, than a man who has written him- 
 self down. Addison, 
 
 7. [answering to w//.] Here and there. 
 
 Let them wander up and down for meat, and 
 e;rudgc if ihey be not satislicd. Psalm lix. Ij. 
 
 Down, inttrj. 
 
 1. An exhortation to destruction or demo- 
 lition. 
 
 Go, some pull down the Savoy ; others to the 
 
 iims of courts : down with them all. Shakcsp. 
 
 If there he ten, shrink not, but dou'u with them. 
 
 Shakef^p. 
 But now they cry, rfrntii with the palace, fire it. 
 Pull out th* usurping queen. JDryden. 
 
 "2. A contemptuous threat. 
 
 Down, down to heli, and say i sent thee thither. 
 
 Shakexp. 
 
 Down. [To go.] To be digested ; to be 
 received. 
 
 If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone 
 will down ; and if he be not hungry, 'tis not fit 
 he should eat. Locke. 
 
 I know not how absurd this may seem to the 
 masters of demonstration ; and probably it will 
 hardly (fmai with any body, at first hearing. Locke. 
 
 To Down. v. a. [from the particle.] To 
 knock ; to subdue ; to suppress ; to con- 
 quer. 
 
 The hidden beauties seera'd in wait to lie, 
 To down proud hearts ihat would not willing die. 
 
 Sidneij. 
 
 Do'WNCAST. adj. [doivn and cast,] 
 Bent down ; directed to the ground. 
 
 Wanton languishing borrowed of her eyes the 
 downcast look of modesty. Sidnetj. 
 
 JMy wily nurse hv long experience found. 
 And first discovered to my soul its wound ; 
 'Tis love, said she ; and then my doicncast eyes. 
 And guilty dumbness, witness'd'my surprize. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Thy (iaitjira.T( looks, and thy disorder'd thou^jhts, 
 Tell me my fate : I ask not the success 
 My cause has found. Addison's Cuto. 
 
 Do'WNFAL. ?(. s, [from dow?t and fal/.] 
 
 1. Ruin; calamity; fall from rank or state. 
 
 Why dost thou say king Richard is depos'd ; 
 Dar'st thou, thou little better thing tiian earth, 
 Divine hhdownfal? Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 We have seen some, by tlie ways by which 
 they had designed to rise uncontrollably, to liave 
 directly procured their utter dowuttd. ' So}ith. 
 
 2. A sudden fall, or bod}' of things falling. 
 
 Each downfat of a flood the mountains pour 
 From their ricli bowels, rolls a silver stream, 
 
 5. Destruction of fabricks. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Not more aghast the matrons of renown. 
 When Jvrant Nero burn'd th' imperial Mwn, 
 Shrick'd for the douiifal in a doleful cry, 
 For which their guiltless lords were doom'd to die. 
 
 Dryden^ 
 
 Do'WNFALLE-N. participial adj. [down 
 and /a//.] Ruined; fallen. 
 
 D O W 
 
 The land is now divorced by the doumjalten 
 stecji cliiFs on tlie farlher side. 
 
 Car, Siirr. of' Comuall. 
 Do WNGYRIiD. adj. [doivii and ^i/nd.] 
 Let down in circular wrinkles. 
 
 Ijird fliinilet, with his stockings loose, 
 L'ngarler'd and ilointgifred to his ancles. Sliakesji. 
 Do'wNHILL. n.s. [dowu and hill.] De- 
 clivity; descent. 
 
 ilcav^ the third, and stilT, he sinks apace ; 
 And though 'lis downhiU all, hut creeps along 
 the race. Uryden. 
 
 Do'wNHlLL. adj. Declivous; descend- 
 ing. 
 And the first steps a doimhiU greensward yields. 
 
 Cinigrcve. 
 Do'wNUOOKED. adj. [down and look.] 
 Uavinfjadejected countenance; gluoiny; 
 sullen ; melancholy. 
 
 Jealousy, sull'us'd « ith iatnidice in her eyes, 
 Discolouring all she vicw'd, in lawney dress'd ; 
 Dintnlvok'd, and with a cuckoo on her "list. Drtjd. 
 Downly'ing. adj. [doini and lie.] 
 
 About to be in travail of childbirth. 
 Downright, adv. [down and right.] 
 
 1 . Straight or right down ; down perpen- 
 dicularly. 
 
 A giant's slain in fight. 
 Or niow'd o'erthwart, or cleft downright. Hndih. 
 
 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony. 
 
 Elves, awav ' 
 We shall chide dounright i{ I longer stay. Shah. 
 
 3. Completely ; without stopping short. 
 This paper put Blrs. Bull in such a passion, 
 
 that she fell doionright into a fit. Arbutliiwt. 
 
 Downright, adj. 
 
 1. Plain; open; apparent; undisguised. 
 An admonition from a dead author, or a caveat 
 
 from an impartial pen, will prevail more than a 
 dotimright advice, which may he mistaken as 
 spoken magisterially. Bacon. 
 
 It is doa-nright madness to strike where we have 
 no power to hurt. L' Estrange. 
 
 Ihe merchant's wife, who abounds in i)lenty, 
 is not to have downright money ; but the merce- 
 nary part of her mind is engaged with a present 
 of plate. _ Spectator. 
 
 2. Directly tending to the point ; plain ; 
 artless. 
 
 I would rather have a plain doicnright wisdom, 
 than a foolish and allectcd eloquence. 
 
 Ben Jonson'^ Di^oeeries. 
 
 3. Unceremonious ; honestly surly. 
 When it came to the count to speak, eld Fact 
 
 so stared him in the face, after his plain dounright 
 way, that the count was struck dumb. 
 
 Addison s Count Tarilf'. 
 
 4. Plain ; without palliation. 
 
 The idolatry was direct and doutiright in the 
 people, whose credulity is illimitable. 
 
 Brown fi V'd. T.rr. 
 
 Religion seems not in danger from dotenright 
 atheism, since rational men must reject that for 
 w.int of proof. Rogers. 
 
 Do'wNsiTTiNG. n. s. [down and sit.] 
 Rest ; repose ; the act of sitting down, 
 or going to rest. 
 
 Thou knowcst my downsitting and mine up- 
 rising ; thou understandest my thoughts afar otf. 
 r$uhnc\\\\\. '-. 
 
 Do;wNWARn. » ,,, ^b,„, 3 b. Sax.] 
 Downwards.! i r > 
 
 1. Towards the centre. 
 
 As vou lift up the glasses. Ihe drop will ascend 
 slower and slower, and at length rest, being car- 
 ried doununrd by its weight a"s much as upwards 
 by the attraction. _ Jieuton. 
 
 2. From a higher situation to a lower. 
 
 I/jok downnard on that globe, whose hither 
 side, 
 U itii light from hence, sliines. Mil<im. 
 
 D X 
 
 Hills arc ontament^l to the earth, afTordin^ 
 pleasant prospects to them that look diiunuarxit 
 from them upon (he subjacent countries. 
 
 Rail tm the Creatinn. 
 What would this man? Now upward will he 
 soar. 
 And, little less than angel, would V»e more 
 Now looking downtcard$,]ittl as griev'd ay\t*^t9 
 To want the suenglh uf bulU, iTie fur of bears. 
 
 Fapt. 
 
 3. In a coarse of successive or lineal de- 
 scent. 
 
 .'\ rills Ihe count docs wear. 
 That doicnuMrd hath succeeded in his house. 
 From son to son, some four or five descents. Shak. 
 Do'\VNW.4Rl). adj. 
 
 1. Moving on a declivity; tending to- 
 wards the centre ; tending to the ground. 
 
 With dounuard force. 
 That drrtve the sand along, he took his way. 
 And roll'd his yellow billows tu the sea. Uryden, 
 
 2. Declivous ; bending. 
 
 When Aurora leaves our northern sphere. 
 She lights (he daunward heaven, and rises there. 
 
 l>ryden. 
 
 3. Depressed ; dejected. 
 
 At the lowest of my don-ntcard thoughts, I 
 pulled up my heart to remendjer, that noibing is 
 achieved before it be thoroughly attempted, and 
 that lying still doth never go forward. Siditcy. 
 
 Do'WNY. adj. [from down.] 
 
 1. Covered with down or nap. 
 
 IW his gates of breath 
 There lies a doun^ feather, which stirs not ; 
 Did he suspire, that light and weightless down, 
 Perforce must move. Shak&p. 
 
 'J'here be plants that have prickles, yet have 
 downij or velvet rind upon their leaves, as slock- 
 gillviiowers aud coltifoot^ which down or nap 
 cunsislctb of a subtile spirit, in a soft substance. 
 Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 In her hand she held 
 A bough of fairest fruit, that dou-ny smil'd. 
 New gather'd, and ambrosial smell diffus'd. MiU. 
 
 2. Made of down or soft feathers. 
 
 A side breeze from westward waits their sails t » 
 fill. 
 And rests in those high beds his doKnu wings. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Belinda still her downy pillow prest. 
 Her guardian S3"lph prolong'd the balmj rest. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Soft ; tender ; soothing. 
 
 Banquo ! Donalbain ! IMalcohn ! awake ! 
 Shake otl' this Aiiniv sleep, death's counterfeit, 
 .■\nd look on death itself. Slutkesp. ilacbeth. 
 
 The night's companion kindly dieaiing tliem 
 Of all their cares, tam'd the re&ellions eye 
 Of sorrow with a soft and downy hand. 
 Sealing all breasts in a hihean band. CraJmir. 
 
 n. s. [douaire, Fr. It ought 
 
 DO'WRE. > 
 
 Do'wRY. ( to be written doivcr.] 
 
 1. .\ portion given with a wife. 
 
 DOWRR. 
 
 I cnnld marry t' is wench for this rfoiore. Sirfii. 
 .•\nd ask no otlicr diiuTi; but such another jest. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The king must die, that 1 may make you great. 
 And give a crowu in dmcry with" my lore. 
 
 ' Drvdcns Spaiush Friar. 
 Tethvs all her waves in rfuuVw gives. 
 
 Dryden's Virgit. 
 
 2. A rewaixl paid for a wife. 
 
 l"hine own hand 
 An hundre<l of the faithless foo shall slay, 
 .\nd for a dou^e a Imndred foreskins pay. Cmrley. 
 
 3. A gift ; a fortune given. 
 
 DoxoLoc.Y. n.s. [cola and Xoy©-.] -^ 
 
 form of giving glory to God. 
 
 David brciks forth into these triuniphant praises 
 and doioiogies. Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, 
 who has Kept me this day from shedding blood, 
 and from aven::ihg myself^with my own band. 
 
 571
 
 D R A 
 
 Litlle did Athanasius imagine, that ever it 
 would have been received in tlie Christian cliurch, 
 to conciiide iheir hooks with a (/uxo/n^'-t/ to Cud 
 and the hiessed virgin. ^tithngjlcft. 
 
 Do'xY. n. s. A whore; a loose wench. 
 
 When daffi'dils hegin to [>ure, 
 With heigh ! the dojif over the dale. Shakesp. 
 
 To OOZE. V. n. [bpaep. Sax. daes, Dut.] 
 
 1, To skimber ; to sleep lightly. 
 
 There was no sleeping under his roof: if he 
 happened to doze a. little, the jollj cobler waked 
 him. VEstran. 
 
 2. 'I'o live in a state of drousiness ; to be 
 half asleep. 
 
 It has happened to j'oung men of the greatest 
 wit (o waste iheir spirits with anxiety and pain, 
 so far as to doze upon their work witli too much 
 eagerness of doing well. Driiden. 
 
 How to the banks, where bards departed c/u:?, 
 They led him soft. Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 Cliietless armies doz'd out the campaign, 
 And navies yawn'd for orders on the main. Pope. 
 
 To DOZE. v.a. Tostiipify; to dull. 
 
 He was now much decayed in liis parts, and 
 with immoderate drinking dozed in liis understand- 
 ing. Clarendon. 
 
 Two satyrs on the ground, 
 Stretch'd at his ease, their sire Silenus found 
 Doz'd with his fumes, and heavy with his load. 
 
 Dri/den. 
 Do'zEN, duz'n. ?i. 5. [douzainej Fr.] The 
 number of twelve. It is seldom used 
 but on light occasions. 
 
 We cannot lodge and board a dozen or fourteen 
 gentlewomen, but we keep a bawdyhouse straight. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 That the Indian figs bear such huge leaves, or 
 delicate fruit, I could never find ; yet I have tra- 
 velled a dozeji miles together under Ihein. Raleigh. 
 By putting twelve units together, we have tiie 
 complex idea of a dozen. Locke. 
 
 The number of dissenters was something under 
 a dozen with them. Swift. 
 
 Do'ziNESs. ?i, s. [from dozi/.] Sleepi- 
 ness ; drousiness. Little used, 
 
 A man, by a violent fit of the gout in his limbs, 
 finds a doziness in his head, or a want of appetite. 
 
 Loeke. 
 Do'zY. adj. [fvomdozeJ] Sleepy; drousy; 
 sluggish. 
 
 The yawning youth, scarce half awake, essays 
 His lazy limbs and dozy head to raise. Dryden. 
 
 Drab. n. s. [h^iabbe. Sax. lees.] A 
 whore ; a strumpet. 
 
 That I, the son of a dear father murder'd, 
 Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words. 
 And fall a cursing like a very drab ! Shak. Hum. 
 
 If your worship will take order for the drabs 
 and the knaves, you need not fear the bawds. 
 
 Shakes]}. 
 Babe, 
 Ditch-deliver'd by a drab. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Curs'd be the wretch so venal, and so vain, 
 Paltry and proud as drabs m Drury-lane. Pope. 
 
 Drachm. 7t. s. [drachma, Lat.] 
 
 1, An old Roman coin. 
 
 See here these movers, tliat do prize their ho- 
 nours 
 At a crack'd drachm. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. The eighth part of an ounce. 
 DRACUNCULUS. w. s. [Lat.] A 
 
 worm bred hi the hot countries, which 
 grows to many yards length between 
 the skin and flesh. 
 Drad. adj, \f or dread, or the part, pas- 
 sive of To dread. 1 Terrible; formida- 
 ble ; dreaded. 
 
 Th' utmost sand-breach they shortly fetch. 
 Whilst the drad danger does IJehind remain. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 D R A 
 
 DRAFF, n. s, [hfioip. dirty, Sax. draf, 
 
 Dut.] The sediment of ale. 
 1. Refuse; lees; dregs: properly some- 
 thing fluid. 
 
 Yuu would think I had a hundred and fifty 
 tatter'd prodigals lately come from swinekeeping, 
 from eating dra^' and husks. Shakesp Henry iV. 
 Twere snnple fury, still lliyself tu waste 
 
 On sucli as have no taste; 
 To ofl^er tlietn a surfeit uf pure bread 
 
 Whose appetite is dead ! 
 No, give them grains their fill ; 
 Husks, draff', to drink and swill. Ben Jonson. 
 1 cail'd and drew iheni thither. 
 My hell-hounds to lick up the dra(J' and filth, 
 Which man's polluting sin witli taint had shed 
 On what was pure. Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 Here rather let me drudge, and earn my bread. 
 Till vermin, or the draff" of servile food. 
 Consume me. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 2. Refuse ; sweepings. Perhaps im- 
 proper. 
 Younger brothers but the draff of nature. Dry^ 
 Dra'ffy. adj. ]Jvon\ draff .1 Worthless; 
 
 dreggy. 
 Draft, adj, [corrupt from dranght.'\ 
 Employed to draw. 
 
 Ulysses and old Nestor yoke you like draft 
 oxen and make you plough up the wair. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilns and Cressida. 
 
 To DRAG. V. a. [bjiagan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To pull along the ground by main 
 force ; to draw heavily along. 
 
 Such his aspect, wlien, soil'd with bloody dust, 
 
 Dragg'd by the cords, which through his feet were 
 
 thrust. Denham. 
 
 While I have any ability to hold a commerce 
 with you, I will never be silent ; and this chanc- 
 ing to be a day that I can hold a pen, I will drag 
 it as long as I am able. Sirijt. 
 
 2. To draw any thing burthensome ; any 
 thing from which one cannot disengage 
 one's self. 
 
 'Tis long since I, for my celestial wife, 
 Loath'd by the gods, have dragg'd a ling'ring 
 life. Vryden. 
 
 Can I, who lov'd so well. 
 To part with all my bliss to save my lover, 
 Oh I can 1 drag a wretched life without him ? 
 
 Smith. 
 
 3. To draw contemptuously along, as a 
 thing unworthy to be carried. 
 
 He triumphs in St. Austin's opinion; and is 
 not only content to drag me at his chariot-wheels, 
 but he makes a shew of me. Stillingjieet. 
 
 4. To pull about with violence and igno- 
 miny. 
 
 They shall surprise 
 The serpent, prince of air, and drag in chains 
 Through all his realm, and there confounded 
 leave. MiUon. 
 
 The constable was no sooner espied but he was 
 reproached with disdainful words, beaten and 
 dragged in so barbarous a manner, that he hardly 
 escaped with his life. Clarendon. 
 
 5. To pull roughly and forcibly. 
 To fall, that 's justice ; 
 
 But then, to drag him after! tor to die» 
 
 And yet in death to conquer, is my wish. Dryd. 
 
 In my fatal cause your sword was drawn ; 
 The weight of my misfortunes dragg'd you down. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Drag. v. n. To hang so low as to 
 trail or grate upon the ground. 
 
 From hence are heard the groans of ghosts, tlie 
 pains 
 Of sounding lashes, and of dragging chains. Dry. 
 A door is said to drag, when, by its ill hang- 
 ing on its hinges, the buttom edge of the door 
 rides in its sweep upon the floor. 
 
 Moron's Mech, Exer. 
 
 Drag. w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 D R A 
 
 1. A net drawn along the bottom of the 
 
 water. 
 
 Casting nets were spreatl in shallow brooks, 
 Drags in the deeps, and baits were hung on houks. 
 
 Drifden, 
 The creatures are but instruments in God's 
 hand : the returning our ackjiowiedgnients to 
 tlieni is just tlie same absurdity witli iheirs who 
 burnt incense to the drag, and sacrificed to the 
 net. Rogers. 
 
 2. An instrument with hooks to catch hold 
 of things under water. 
 
 You may in the morning find it near to some 
 fixed place, and then take it up with a t/ioehook, 
 or otherwise. WalU'n. 
 
 3. A kind of car drawn by the hand. 
 
 The drag is made somewhat like a low car : it 
 is used for the carriage of timber, and then is 
 drawn by the handle by two or more men. 
 
 Moxons Mech. Exer. 
 
 To Dra'ggle. v. a. [from drag.'] To 
 make dirty by dragging on the ground. 
 
 You'll see a draggled damsel, here and there. 
 From Billingsgate her fishy traftick bear. 
 
 Gay^s Trivia.. 
 
 He wore the same gown five years, without 
 draggling or tearing. Swiji, 
 
 To Dra'ggle. i'. n. To grow dirty by 
 being drawn along the ground. 
 
 His draggling tail hung in the dirt. 
 Which on liis rider he would fliit. Hudibras, 
 
 Dra'gnet. n. s. [drag and net.'] A net 
 which is drawn along the bottom of the 
 water. 
 
 Dragnets were made to fish within the deep. 
 And castingnets did rivers bottoms sweep. 
 
 Mays Virgil. 
 
 Some fishermen, that had been out wiih a drag- 
 net, and caught nothing, had a draught towards 
 the evening, which put them in hope oi a sturgeon 
 at last. L'Eslrunge. 
 
 One of our late great poets is sunk in his repu- 
 tation, because he could never forgive any con- 
 ceit which came in his way, but swejit, like a 
 dragnet, great and small. Dryden. 
 
 Whatsover old Time, with his huge dragnet, 
 has conveyed down to us along the stream of ages, 
 whether it be shells or shclfish, jewels or pebbles, 
 sticks or straws, seaweeds or mud, these are the 
 ancients, these are the fathers. Watts. 
 
 DR.VGON. n. s. [draco, Lat. dragon, 
 
 Fr.] _ 
 
 1. A kind of winged serpent, perhaps 
 imaginary, much celebrated in the ro- 
 mances of the middle ages, 
 
 I go alone, 
 Like to a lonely dragon, that his fen 
 Makes fcar'd and talk'd of more than seen. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Swift, swift, you dragons of the night! that 
 dawning 
 May bear the raven's eye. Shakes]). Cymbeline. 
 
 And you, ye dragons! of the scaly race, 
 Whom glittering gold and shining armours grace ; 
 In other nations liarmlcss are you found, 
 Their guardian genii and protectors own'd. Rowe. 
 
 On spiery vommes there a dragon rides ; 
 Here, from our strict embrace, a stream he glides. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A fierce violent man or woman. 
 
 3. A constellation near the north pole. 
 Dra'gon. w. 5. [draat7tcultis, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Dra'gonet. n. 5. [from dragon.] A 
 little dragon. 
 
 Or in his womb might lurk some hidden nest 
 Of many dragonets, his fruitful seed. Vairy Q. 
 
 Dra'gonfly. n. 5. [dra^onawdijiy i 
 iibella.] A fierce stinging fly. 
 
 572
 
 D R A 
 
 The body of the cantharides is bright coloured ; 
 and it may be, that tlie delicate coloured dragon- 
 Jiies m&y have likewise some corrosive quality. 
 
 Bucons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Dra'gonish. adj. [£rom dragon.] Hav- 
 ing the form of a dragon ; dragonlike. 
 An arbitrary word. 
 
 Sometimes we see a cloud that 's dragonish ; 
 A vapour sometimes like a bear or lion. Shakesp. 
 
 Dra'gonlike. adj. [dragon and like.] 
 
 Furious ; fiery. 
 
 He lights dragonlike, and does achieve 
 As soon as draw his sword. Shakesp. Coriolaniis. 
 
 Dra'gonsblood. n. s. [dragon and 
 blood.] So called from a false opinion 
 of the dragon's combat with the ele- 
 phant. 
 
 Dragonsbhod is a resin, so named as to seem to 
 have been imagined an animal production. Hill. 
 
 Take dragonsbhod, beat it in a mortar, and put 
 it in a cloth with aqua vita, and strain them toge- 
 ther. Peacham. 
 
 Dra'gonshead. n.s, A plant. 
 
 Dra'gontrEE, n, s. A species of palm. 
 
 DRAGOON, n. s. [from dragen, Ger. 
 to carry.] A kind of soldier that serves 
 indifferently either on foot or horse- 
 back. 
 
 Two regiments of dra^oans suffered much in the 
 late action. Tatler. 
 
 To Drago'on. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To persecute by abandoning a place to 
 the rage of soldiers. 
 
 In [loliticks I hear^'ou're stanch, 
 Directly bent against the French ; 
 Deny to have your free-born foe 
 Dragoon d into a wooden shoe. Prior. 
 
 To DRAIN. V. a. [trainer, Fr,] 
 
 1. To draw off gradually. 
 
 Salt water drained through twenty vessels of 
 earth, hath become fresh. Bacon Kat. HL^. 
 
 The fountains drain the water from the ground 
 adjacent, and leave but sufficient moisture to 
 breed moss. Bacon. 
 
 In times of dearth it drained much coin of the 
 kingdom, to furnish us with corn from foreign 
 parts. Bacons to VilUers. 
 
 Whilst a foreign war devoured our strength, 
 and drained our treasures, luxury and expences 
 increased at home. Atterbury. 
 
 The last emperor drained the wealth of those 
 countries into his own coffers, without increasing 
 his truups against France. Sicift. 
 
 2. To empty by drawing gradually away 
 what it contains. 
 
 Sinking waters, tlie firm land to drain, 
 Fill'd the capacious deep^ and forin'd the main. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 The royal babes a tawny wolf shall drain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Wliile cruel Nero only drains 
 The mortal Spaniard's ebbing veins. 
 By study worn, and slack with age. 
 How dull, how thoughtless is his rage! Prior. 
 Had the world lasted from all eternity, these 
 comets must have been draitied of all their fluids. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 
 3. To make quite dry. 
 
 When wine is to be bottled, wash your 
 bottles, but do not di'ain them. 
 
 Swij't's Direc. to the Butler. 
 
 Drain. ?*. s. [from the verb.] The 
 channel through which liquids are gra- 
 dually drawn; a watercourse ; a sink. 
 
 If your drains be deep, that you fcarcattle fall- 
 ing into them, cover them. Mortimer's Husb. 
 Why should I tell of ponds and drains, 
 What carps we met with for our pains ? Swifi. 
 
 Drake, n. s. [of uncertain etymology.] 
 1. The male of the duck. 
 
 D R A 
 
 The duck should hide her eggs from the drakti 
 
 who will suck tl.em if he finds them. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 2. [from draco, dragon, Lat.] A small 
 piece of artillery. 
 
 Two or three shots, made at them by a couple 
 of drakes, made them stagger. Clarendon. 
 
 DRAM. n. s. [drachm, drachma, Lat.] 
 
 1. In weight the eighth part of an ounce. 
 
 The trial being made betwixt lead and lead, 
 weighing severally seven drams in the air, tlie 
 balance in the water weigheth only four drams and 
 forty-one grains, and ahateth of the weight in the 
 air two drams and nineteen grains : the balance 
 kept the same depth in the water. Bacon. 
 
 2. A small quantity, in a kind of pro- 
 verbial sense. 
 
 One loving hour 
 For many years of sorrow can dispense ; 
 A dram of sweet is worth a pouiia of sour. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 No dram of judgment with thy force is join'd ; 
 
 Thy body is of profit, and my mind. Dry. Fab. 
 
 3. Such a quantity of distilled spirits as 
 is usually drank at once. 
 
 I couid do this, and that with no rash potiim, 
 But witli a ling'rin^ dram, that should not work 
 Maliciously like poison. Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 
 Every rfram of brandy, every pot of ale that 
 you drnik, raiseth your character. Swift. 
 
 4. Spirits ; distilled liquors. 
 A second see, by meeker manners known, 
 
 And modest as the maid that sips alone ; 
 From the strong fate o{ drams if thou get free. 
 Another Durfy, Ward! shall sing in thee. P(*pe. 
 
 To Dram. r. 7i, [from the noun.] In 
 low language, to drink drams ; to drink 
 distilled spirits, 
 
 DRA'MA. n. s, [^pa/*a.] A poem accom- 
 modated to action ; a poem in which the 
 action is not related, but represented ; 
 and in which therefore such rules are to 
 be observed as make the representation 
 probable. 
 
 Many rules of imitating nature Aristotle drew 
 from Homer, which he fitted to the drama ; fur- 
 nishing himself also with observations from the 
 theatre, w hen it flourished under ..Eschylus, Euri- 
 pides, and Sophocles. Dryden. 
 
 Drama'tical. ) adj. [from drama.] 
 Drama'tick. y Represented by ac- 
 tion ; not narrative, 
 
 1 hope to make it appear, that, in the great 
 dramatick poem of nature, is a necessity of intro- 
 ducing a God. BentUy. 
 
 Drama'tically. adv. [from drama- 
 tick.] Representatively ; by represen- 
 tation. 
 
 Ignorance and errors are severally reprehended, 
 partly dramatically, partly simply. Dryden. 
 
 Dra'matist. ?i. s. [i\'om drama.] The 
 author of dramatic compositions. 
 
 The whole theatre resounds witli the praises of 
 the great dramatist, and the wonderful art and 
 order of the composition. Bannt's Theory. 
 
 Drank, [the preterite of drink.] 
 To DRAPE. V. n. [drop, Fr. drapus, 
 low Lat.] 
 
 1. To make clotli. 
 
 It was rare to set prices by statute ; and this 
 act did not presL-ribe prices, hut stinted them no(^ 
 to exceed a rate, that the clothier might drape ac- 
 cordingly as he might alford. Bacon. 
 
 2. To jeer, or satirize, [drapptr, Fr.] It 
 is used in this sense by the innovator 
 Temple, whom nobody has imitated. 
 
 Dra'per. n. s. [irom drape,] One who 
 sells cloth. 
 
 D R A 
 
 I If a piece of cloth in a draper's shop be Tari- 
 
 ously folded, it will appear of differing colours. 
 I Boyle on Colours. 
 
 1 The draper aud mercer may measure her. 
 
 Houel 
 
 Drapery, n. s. [drapperie, Fr.] 
 
 1. Clothwork ; the trade of making cloth ; 
 ■woollen manufacture. 
 
 }Ie made statutes for the maintenance of dra- 
 pery, and the keeping of wools within the re.'*lni. 
 Bacon^s Henry VII. 
 
 The reverend clergy should set us an example, 
 by contenting themselves with wearing gowns, 
 and other habiliments, of Irish drapery. Suijt. 
 
 2. Cloth; Stuffs of wool. 
 
 The Bulls and Frogs had served the lord Stmtt 
 
 with drapery ware for many years. 
 
 ArbuthnoVs Hislory of John Bull. 
 
 3. The dress of a picture or statue. 
 Poets are allowed the same liberty in their de- 
 scriptions and comparisons, as painters in their 
 draperies and ornaments. Prior. 
 
 Dra'pet. n. s. [from drape.} Cloth 
 coverlet. Not in use. 
 
 Thence she them broucht into a stately hall, 
 ^Vhe^ein were many tables fair disprcd. 
 
 And ready dight with drapets feastival. 
 Against the viands should be niinistred. Fairy Q. 
 
 Dra'stick. adj. [^furix®-.] Powerful ; 
 vigorous ; efficacious. 
 
 it is used of a medicine that works with speed ; 
 as jalap, scaramony, and the stronger purees. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 Drave. [the preterite of rfriitf.] Drove 
 is more used. 
 
 He drove them beyond .\mon's flood. 
 And their sad bounds mark'd deep in their own 
 blood. Couky. 
 
 The foe nish'd furious as he pants for breath. 
 And through his navel drace the pointed death. 
 
 Pope's Iliad. 
 
 Draugh. 71. s. [corruptly written for 
 draff.] Refuse; swill. See Draff. 
 
 \Ve do not act, that often jest aud Laugh : 
 'Tis old, but true, still swine eat all the draugh. 
 
 SItaheip. 
 
 Draught, w. s. [from draw.} 
 
 1. The act of drinking. 
 
 They slung up one of their hogsheads, and I 
 drank it otf at a draught ; which I might well do, 
 for it did not hold half a pint. Cntiliier's Tracels. 
 
 2. A quantity of liquor drank at once. 
 
 He had once continued about nine davs witli- 
 out drink ; and he might have continued longer, 
 if, by dislcmperinE himself one night with hard 
 study, he had not^ad some inclination to take a 
 small draught. Boyle. 
 
 Fill high the goblets with the sparkling flood. 
 And with deep dnni^Afi invoke our common god. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Long draughts of sleep his monstrous limbs e,:- 
 slave ; 
 He reels, and falling fills the spacious cave. 
 
 Dryden s .-EneiJ. 
 
 I have cured some very desperate coughs by a 
 drayi^ht every morning of sprin;: water, with a 
 hancJful of «a"ge boiled in it. Temple. 
 
 Every draught, to him that has quenched his 
 thirst, is but a further quenching of nature; a 
 provision for rheum and diseases. South. 
 
 3. Liquor drank for pleasure. 
 
 \\v!c it a dravghl for .Tuno w hen she banquets, 
 I would not taste thy treasonous oifer. Milton. 
 
 Nuinherd ills, that lie unseen 
 Tn the pcrniciims draught: the word obscene. 
 Or harsh, which, once elanc'd, must ever fly 
 Irrevocable, the too prompt rei)iy. Prior. 
 
 Delicious wines th' attending herald brought ; 
 The gold gave lustre to the purple draught. 
 
 Pope s Odyssey. 
 
 4. The act of drawing or pulling car- 
 riiiges. 
 
 &73
 
 D R A 
 
 A general custom of using oxen for till sorts of 
 dravgkt, would be (/erhaps the greatest improve- 
 ment. Icmplc. 
 The most occasion that farmers have, is for 
 ilraiigJit hurst'S. ]\L*rtimer's Uushaiuiry. 
 5. The quality of being drawn. 
 
 I'he Hertfordshire wlieel-jtUmgh is the best and 
 strongest for most uses, and of the easiest draught. 
 
 Moi'timcr. 
 
 C. Representation by picture. 
 
 fler pencil drew whate'er her soul design'd 
 
 And oft the Iiappy draught surpass'd the image in 
 
 her mind. Dryden 
 
 7. Delineation ; sketch ; outline. 
 
 A good inclination is hut the first rudv draught 
 of virtue ; but the finishing strokes are from the 
 will. South. 
 
 I have, in a sliort draught, "iven a view of our 
 original idea», from whence all the rest are de- 
 rived. Locke. 
 
 8. A picture drawn. 
 
 Whereas in other creatures we have but the 
 trace of liis fut)tsteps, in man we have the draught 
 of his hand : in him were united all the scattered 
 perfections of the creature. South, 
 
 9. The act of sweeping with a net. 
 
 Upon the draught of a pond, not one fish was 
 left, but two pikes grown to an excessive bigness. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 10. The quantity of fishes taken by once 
 drawing the net. 
 
 He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, whicli 
 brought him a very great draught. L' Estrange, 
 
 1 1. The act of shooting with the bow. 
 Gctfrej' of B iullion, at one draught o^h'\s bow, 
 
 shooting against David's tower in Jerusalem, 
 broached three feetless birds called allerions. 
 
 Camdens Remains. 
 
 12. Diversion in war; the act of disturb- 
 ing the main design ; perhaps sudden 
 attack . 
 
 I conceive the manner of your handling of the 
 service, by drawing sudden draughts upon the 
 eueray, when he looketli not for you. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 13. Forces drawn off from the main army ; 
 a detachment. 
 
 Such a draught of forces would lessen the num- 
 ber of those that might otherwise be emplnved. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 14. A sink ; a drain. 
 
 Whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into 
 the belly, and is cast out into the draairht. 
 
 Matt. XV. 17. 
 
 15. The depth which a vessel draws, or 
 sinks into the water. 
 
 With roomv decks, her guns of mighty strength, 
 Deep in her draught, and warlike in her lengih. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 With a small vessel one may keep within a mile 
 of the shore, go amongst rocks, and pass over 
 shoals, where a vessel of any draught would 
 strike. EUis's Voyage. 
 
 16. [In the plural, draughts.] A kind of 
 play resembling chess. 
 
 Dra'ughthouse. w. s. [fhau^/if and 
 hottse.] A house in which filth is de- 
 posited. 
 
 And they brate down the image of Baal, and 
 brake down the house of Baal, and made it a 
 draut'hthonse. 'J Kings. 
 
 To DR.WV. r. a, pret. drcic ; part. pass. 
 
 drawn, [bjiajan, Sax.] 
 X. To pull aloHiT ; not to carry. 
 
 Then j^hall all Israel brins; ropes to that city, 
 and we will draw it into the river. 2 Sam. 
 
 2. To pull forcibly ; to pluck. 
 
 He could not draw the dagger out of hi', heliv. 
 
 Judges, ii. 'A'. 
 
 The arrow is now drawn to the head. Allerh. 
 
 3. To bring by violence ; to drag. 
 
 D R A 
 
 Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you 
 before the judgincni-seats ? James, ii. 6 
 
 4. To raise out of a deep place. 
 The^ drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took 
 
 him up out of the dungeon. Jcr. xxxviii. l.'i. 
 
 Draw the water for the siege. Nuth. m, 14. 
 
 5. To suck. 
 He hath rfmuTi thee dr}'. Eec/na. xlii. 7. 
 There was no war, no th-arth, no stop of trade 
 
 or commerce, it was only the crown wliich had 
 sucked too hard, and now being full, upon the 
 head of a >,oung king, was like lo draw less. 
 
 Bacon s Uenrif VII. 
 Sucking and drawivg the breast dischargeth the 
 milk as fast as it can be generaled. 
 
 Wiseman on Tumours. 
 
 6. To attract ; to call towards ilself. 
 We see that salt, laid to a cut finger, healeth it ; 
 
 so as it seemeth salt drau'eth blood, as well as 
 blood draweth salt. Bacim. 
 
 Majesty in an eclipse, like the sun, draws eyes 
 that would not have looked towards it if it had 
 shined out. Suckling. 
 
 He atfected a habit different from that of the 
 times, such as men had only beheld in pictures, 
 which drew the eyes of most, and the reverence 
 of niany, towards him. Clarendon. 
 
 7. To draw as the magnet does. 
 
 She had all magnetic force alone, 
 To draw aufl fasten sundred parts in one. Donne. 
 
 Draw out with credulous desire, and lead 
 At will the manliest, resolutest breast. 
 As the magnetic hardest iron draws. MUton. 
 
 All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart ; 
 Of your owu pomp yourself the greatest part. 
 
 Dry den, 
 
 0. To inhale. 
 
 Thus I call'd, and stray'd I know not whither. 
 From where I first drew •d\r, and first belield 
 This happy light. Milton's I'arud. Lo.'it. 
 
 WliiJe near the Lucrinc lake, eonsum'd to deatli, 
 T drair the sultry air, and gasp for breath. 
 You taste the cooling breeze. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Why tfreu' Marseilles' good bisliop purer breath, 
 When nature sicken'd, and each gale was death ? 
 
 Fo]>e. 
 
 9. To take from any tiling containing or 
 holding. 
 
 They drev: out the staves of tlie ark. 2 Chron. 
 
 10. To take off the spit or broacher. 
 
 The rest 
 They cut in legs and fillets for the feast, 
 Which drawn and serv'd, their hunger tliey ap- 
 pease. Urydcn. 
 
 11. To lake from a cask. 
 
 The wine of life is drawn, and llie mere lees 
 Are left tliis vault to brag of. Shukesp. Macbeth. 
 
 12. To pull a sword from the sheath. 
 
 We will our yoi\tl) lead on to liigher fields, 
 And draw no swords but what are sanctified. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 T will draw my sword ; my hand shall destroy 
 them. Exodus, xv. 
 
 He proceeded so far in his insolence, as to draw 
 out his sword with an intent to kill him. Dryden. I 
 
 In all vour v^ars good fortune blew before you, 
 Till in my fatal cause your sword was drawn ; 
 The weight of my misfortunes dragg'd you down. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 13. To let out any liquid. 
 
 Some blood drawn on me would beget opinion 
 Of my more fierce endeavour. 
 
 Shakesp. Kin^ Lear. 
 I opened the tumour by the point of a lancet, 
 without drawiiig one drop of blood. 
 
 M'isetnaiis Surgery. 
 X'k To take bread out of the oven. 
 
 The joiner puts beards into ovens after the 
 halch is drawn. Mortimer's H}idHindry. 
 
 15. To unclose or slide back ciu-tains. 
 Go, draw aside the curtains, and di.-.covcr 
 The sev'ral caskets to this noble prince. Shakesp. 
 
 Alanu'd, and with presaging heart he came, 
 And drew the curtains, ana expos'd the dame. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Shouts, cries, and groans first pierce my ears, 
 and then 
 
 D R A 
 
 A flash of lightning draws the guilty scene, 
 And shows new arms, and wounds, and dying 
 men. Dryden, 
 
 IG. To close or spread curtains. 
 
 Philoclea intrealed Pamela to open her grief; 
 who, drawing i\ie curtain, that the candle might 
 not complain of her blushing, was ready to speak. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 17. To extract. 
 
 Herbs draw a weak juice, and liave a soft stalk. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of 
 
 vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of 
 
 themselves. Cheyne. 
 
 IH. To procure, as an agent cause. 
 
 Wlien he finds the hardship of slavery outweigh 
 
 the value of life, 'tis in his power, by resisting his 
 
 master, to (/rnu' on himself death. Locke. 
 
 19. To produce, or bring, as an efficient 
 
 cause. 
 
 When the fountain of mankind 
 Did rf?*aiy corruption, and God's curse, by sin, 
 
 This was a charge that all his heirs did bind, 
 And all his ofi'spring grew corrupt therein. 
 
 Sir J Davies. 
 
 Religion will requite all the honour we can do it, 
 by the blessings it will <irau' down upon us. Tillots. 
 
 Our voluntary actions are the precedent causes 
 of good and evil, which they draw after them, 
 and bring upon us. Locke. 
 
 What would a man value land ready cultivated, 
 and well stocked, where he had no hopes of com- 
 merce with other parts of the world, to draw mo- 
 ney to him by the sale of the product ? Locke. 
 
 Those elucidations have given rise or increase 
 to his doubts, and drau?ft obscurity upon places of 
 scripture. Locke. 
 
 His sword ne'er fell but on the guilty head ; 
 Oppression, tyranny, and pmv'r usurp'd, 
 Draw all the vengeance of his arm upon 'em. 
 
 Addisoji, 
 
 20. To convey secretly or gradually. 
 
 The Hers in wait draw themselves along. 
 
 Judg. XX. S7. 
 
 In process of tiuie, and as tiieir peuple in- 
 creased, they rfreu' themselves niore westerly to- 
 wards tlie Red Sea. liulcigh. 
 
 21. To protract; to lengthen ; to spin. 
 
 How much her grace is alter'd on the sudden ! 
 How long her face is drawn! how pale she looks. 
 And of an earthly cold ! Shakesp, Hen. Vlll. 
 
 Hear himself repine 
 At Fate's unequal laws ; and at the clue 
 Which merciless in length the midmost s\slet drew, 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 If we shall meet again with more delight. 
 Then draw my life in length ; let me sustain, 
 In hopes of his embrace, the worst of pain. 
 
 Dryden s JEneid. 
 In some similes, men draw their comparisons 
 into minute particulars of no importance. 
 
 Felton on the Classicks. 
 
 22. To utter llngeringly. 
 The brand, amid the flaming fuel thrown, 
 
 Or drew, or seem'd to draw, a dying groan. 
 
 Dryden s Fables. 
 
 23. To derive ; to have some original 
 cause or donor. 
 
 Shall free-born men, in humble awe, 
 Submit to servile shame ; 
 Who from consent and custom draw 
 The same ri»ht to be rul'd by law. 
 
 Which kings pretend to reign? Dryden. 
 
 Several wits entered into commerce with the 
 
 Egyptians, and from them drew the rudinienls of 
 
 sciences. Temple. 
 
 24. To deduce as from postulates. 
 From the events and revolutions of those go- 
 vernments, are drawn the usual instructions of 
 princes and statesmen. Temple. 
 
 25. To imply ; to produce as a consequen- 
 tial inference. 
 
 What shews the force of the inference but a 
 view of all tlie iiitermetliate ideas that draw in 
 the conclusion, or jiropositiou inferred 'i Locke. 
 
 26. To allure ; to entice. 
 
 574
 
 D R A 
 
 I'll niise such artificial sprlehts, 
 As by the strength of their illusion 
 Shall draw him on to his confusion. Shiik. Mach. 
 
 We have drawn thcni froni the city. Jos. vlii. 6. 
 Draw me not away with the wicked. 
 
 Psalm xxviii. 3. 
 
 Having tlie art, by empty promises and threats, 
 to draw others to his purpose. Hayward. 
 
 The Spaniards, that were in the town, had so 
 eood memories of their losses in their former sal- 
 lies, as the confidence of an army, wliich came 
 for their deliverance, could not (/mtr them forth 
 again. Bacons ]\'ar with Spain. 
 
 27. To lead as a motive. 
 
 Your way is shorter ; 
 My purposes do draw me much about, Shahesp. 
 /Eneas wond'ring stood, then ask'd tlie cause 
 Which to the stream the crowding people draws. 
 
 Drydcn 
 
 28. To persuade to follow. 
 
 1 drew this gallant head of war. 
 And cail'd these fiery spirits from the world 
 To outlook conquest. Shakesp. 
 
 The poet 
 Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and 
 
 floods ; 
 Since nought so stockish, hard, and full of ra»:e. 
 But musick, for the time, dotb change his nature. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 29. To induce ; to persuade. 
 
 The English lords did ally themselves with tlie 
 Irish, and drew them in to dwell among them, and 
 gave their children to be fuitcred by them. Davies. 
 
 Their beauty or unbecomingness are of more 
 force to draw or deter their imitation than dis- 
 courses. Locke. 
 
 30. 'Jo win ; to gain ; a metaphor from 
 gaming. 
 
 This seems a fair deserving, and must draw me 
 That which my fatlier loses. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 31. To receive; to take up : as, to draiv 
 money from the funds. 
 
 For thy three thousand ducats here is six. 
 ■ If every ducat in six thousand ducats 
 Were in six parts, and every part a ducat, 
 I would notdraw them, I would have my bond. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 32. To extort ; to force. 
 So sad an object, and so well express'd. 
 
 Drew sighs and groans from the griev'd hero's 
 breast. Drydcn. 
 
 Can 3'ou e'er forget 
 The fond embraces, and repeated blessings, 
 Which you drew from him in your last farewel ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 33. To wrest; to distort. 
 
 I wish that both you and others would cease 
 
 from drawing the scriptures to youT fantasies and 
 
 aflections. ' M'hitg'ilte. 
 
 31. To compose ; to form in writing : used 
 
 of formulai'v or jtu'idical writings. 
 
 In the mean lime I will draw a bill of proper- 
 ties, svich as our play wants.. Shake.<p. 
 
 Clerk, draw a deed (.f gift. Shakesp. 
 
 The report is not unartfullv drawn, in the spirit 
 of a pleader, who can find the most plausible to- 
 picks. Swift. 
 
 Shall W' ard draw contracts with a statesman's 
 skill ^ Pope. 
 
 S5. To withdraw from judicial notice. 
 
 Go, wash thv face, and draw thy action : come, 
 thou must not he in this humour with me. Shak. 
 
 36. To eviscerate ; to embowel. 
 
 In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe, 
 And from your eels their slimy substance wipe. 
 
 King. 
 
 37. To convey a criminal to execution on 
 a sled^re. 
 
 38. To draw in. To apply to any pur- 
 pose by distortion or violence. 
 
 A dispute, where every little straw is laid hold 
 on, and every thing that can but be drawn in anv 
 way, to give colour to the argument, is advanceH 
 with ostentation. lAtcke. 
 
 39. To represent by picture, or in fancy. 
 575 
 
 D R A 
 
 I do arm myself 
 To welcome the condition of the time ; 
 Which cannot look more hidtously on me, 
 Than 1 have drawn it in my fantasv. Shnk. H. IV. 
 
 With his other hand, tlius o'er "his brow, 
 He falls to such purusal of my face, 
 As he would draw it. Shakisp. Hamlet. 
 
 Draw the whole world expecting who should 
 reign, 
 After this combat, o'er the conquer'd roain.iroi/er. 
 
 I'Vom the soft aasaults of love 
 Poets and painters nevi-r are secure : 
 
 Can I, unloucli'd, the fair one's passions move. 
 Or llmu f/rua' beauty, and not feel itspow'r? Prior. 
 
 4t). To form a representative image. 
 
 The emperor one day took up a pencil which 
 fell from the hand of Titian, who was then draw- 
 ing his |)icture ; and, upon the compliment which 
 Titian made him on that occasion, he said, Titian 
 deserves to be served by C'.esar. Drudin. 
 
 41. To draw hi. Tocontract; topullback. 
 
 Now, sporting muse, draw in \hv llowing reins ; 
 Leave the clear streams auhile for sunny plains. Ou. 
 
 42. To draw in. To inveigle ; to entice. 
 
 Have they invented tones to win 
 The women, and make them draw in 
 I'he men, as Indians with a female 
 Tame elephant inveigle the male ? Ilndibras. 
 It was tlie prostitute lailh of faithless miscreants 
 that drew them in, and deceived them. South. 
 
 43. To draw off. To extract by distillation. 
 
 Authors, ^\ ho have thus drawn off" ihe spirits of 
 their thoughts, should lie still for some time, till 
 their minds have gathered fresh streiigth, and by 
 reading, reflection, and conversation, laid in a 
 new stuck of elegancies, sentiments, and images 
 of nature. Addison s Freeholder, 
 
 44. To drain out by a vent. 
 
 Stoj) your vessel, and have a little vent-hole 
 stop[)C(l with a spill, which never allow to be pulled 
 out till you draiD 0^' a. great quinlity. Mort. Hiisb. 
 
 45. To draw off To withdraw; to abstract. 
 
 It draws men's minds ojj' fwai the bitterness of 
 party. Addison. 
 
 4G. To draiv on. To occasion ; to invite. 
 
 Under colour of war, which cither his negligence 
 draws 071, or his practices procured, he levied a 
 subsidy. Hayward. 
 
 47. To draiv on. To cause ; to bring by 
 degrees. 
 
 The examination of the subtile matter would 
 draw on the consideration of the nice controver- 
 sies that perplex philosophers. Boyle on Fluids. 
 
 4S. To draw over. To raise in a still. 
 
 I took rectified oil of vitriol, and by degrees 
 mixed with it essential oil of wormwood, drawn 
 over with water in a limbeck. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 40. To draw over. To persuade to revolt ; 
 to induce to change a party. 
 
 Some might be brought into his interests by mo- 
 ney; others drawn over by fear. Add. on the' War. 
 
 One of ditlering sentiments would have drawn 
 Luther over to his party. Atterhury. 
 
 50. To draw out. To protract; to lengthen. 
 
 He must not only die the death, 
 But thy nnkindness shall hi*s death draw out 
 To lingering suflerance. ^hak. Meas. for Measure. 
 
 51. To draw out. To beat out, as is done 
 to hot iron. 
 
 Batter a piece of iron out, or as workmen call it, 
 draw it out, till it comes to its brradth. Moion. 
 
 \'irgil has drawn out the best rules of tillage and 
 piantin^ into two books, which Hesiod has dis- 
 patched in half a one. Addison. 
 
 52. To draw out. To extract; to pump 
 out by insinuation. 
 
 Pliiloclea found lier, and, to draio out more, 
 said she, I Itave often wondered how sucli excel- 
 lencies could be. Sidney. 
 
 53. To draiv out. To induce by motive. 
 
 Whereas it is concluded, tiial the retaining di- 
 verse thiitps in the church of Lngland. which oiher 
 rt-fornu'd churches liavt- cast out, must needs ar^^ue 
 that we do not well, unless we can shew that tlu-y 
 
 D R A 
 
 have done ill : What needed this wrest lorfrwr on 
 from us an accus;ition of foreign churches ? Huolur 
 
 54. To draw out. To call to action ; to 
 detach for service ; to range. 
 
 Draw out a file, nick man by man, 
 Sucli wliu dare die, ana dear will sell tlieix death. 
 
 Drifditu 
 Next of his men and sliips he makes review, 
 Draws out the best and ablest of the crew. Dr. Aln. 
 
 55. '1 o range in battle. 
 
 Let hinidesire his superior officer, that, tluMuxt 
 time he is drawn out, the challeng«;r may be posted 
 near him. Collier. 
 
 56. To draw up. To form in order of battle. 
 
 So Muley-Zeydan found us 
 Drawn up in battle, lo receive the charge. Drydeu. 
 
 57. To draiv up. To fonn in wnting; to 
 compose in a formulary manner. 
 
 To make a sketch, or a more perfect model of 
 a picture, is, in tht* language of poets, lo dratr up 
 the scenery of a play. Drydtu. 
 
 A paper may he drawn up, and signed by two 
 or three hundred principal gentlemen. Swijt. 
 
 To Draw. v. n. 
 
 1 . To perform theofficeof a beast of draught. 
 
 An heifer which hath nut been wrought with, and 
 which hath not drawn in the 3 oke. Deut. xxi. .">. 
 
 Think every bearded fellow, that 's but yok'd. 
 May Wrdif with you. Sliakesp. OtfieUo. 
 
 2. To act as a M'eight, 
 
 They should keep a watch upon the particular 
 
 bias in their minds, that it may not draw too much. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 3. To contract ; to slirink. 
 
 I have not yet found certainly, that the water 
 itself by mixture of ashes, or dust, will shrink or 
 draw into less room. Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 4. To advance ; to move ; to make pro- 
 gression any way. 
 
 You were, Jupiter, a swan, for the lore of 
 Leda : OIi ! omnipotent lo\'e ! how near the god 
 drew to the complexion of a goose. Shakesp. 
 
 Draw ye near hither all the chief of the people. 
 
 1 Sam. 
 
 He ended ; and th* archangel soon drew ni<'h, 
 Not in his shape celestial, but as man 
 Clad to meet man Milton's Parad. Lest. 
 
 They returned to the camp where the kine was, 
 and the Scots drew a little back to a more conve- 
 nient post for their residence. Clarendon. 
 
 Ambitious meteors ! how willing they are to set 
 tliemselves upon the wing, taking everv occasion 
 of drawing upward to the sun. Dryd. Don Sebast. 
 
 Now nearer to the Stygiau lake they draw, 
 AYhoni from the slmre "the surly boatman saw, 
 Observ'd their passage through the sha ly wood, 
 And mark 'd their near approaches to the flood. Dr. 
 
 And now I faint with grief; my fate drauj nigh. 
 In all the pride of blooming youtli I die. Ad. Oiid. 
 
 5. To draw together ; to be collected ; to 
 come together. 
 
 They muster there, and round tl>c centre swarm. 
 And draw together in a globose form. Blackm. 
 
 G. To draw a sword. 
 
 For his sake 
 Did I expose myself, pure : for his love 
 Drew to defend liim, when he was beset. Shukesp. 
 
 7. To practise the art of delineation. 
 
 So much insight into perspective, and skill in 
 drawing, as will enable hnu lo represent tolerably 
 on paper any thing lie sees, should he got. Locke. 
 
 8. To take a card out of the pack ; to take 
 
 a lot. 
 
 He lias rfnnrn a black, and smiles. Dryde*r. 
 
 0. To m;ikc a sore run by attraction. 
 
 iO. To draiv off. To retire; to retreat. 
 \Vhen the engagement proves unlucky, the way 
 is to draw off by degrees, and not to come to an 
 open rupture. CoUier. 
 
 11. To draw on. To advance; to ap- 
 proach. 
 
 The fatal day draxcs on, when I must tall. J)rv. 
 
 12, To draw up. To form troops into 
 
 regular order.
 
 D R A 
 
 Tlie lord Bernard, with the king's troops see- 
 ing there was uo enemy left on that side, drew up 
 in a large field opposite to the hridge. Clarendon. 
 
 13. To draw retains through all its varie- 
 ties of use, some shade of its original 
 meaning, to pull. It expresses an ac- 
 tion, gradual or continuous, and lei- 
 surely. Thus we forge a sword by 
 blows, but we draiv it by a continued 
 line. We pour liquor quick, but we 
 draiv it in a continued stream. We 
 force compliance by threats, but we 
 draw it by gradual prevalence. We 
 write a letter with whatever haste, but 
 we draw a bill with slow scrupulosity. 
 Draw. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of drawing. 
 
 2. The lot or chance drawn. 
 Drawback, n. s. [draw and back.] 
 
 Money paid back for ready payment, 
 or any other reason. 
 
 In poundage and draubacks I lose half my rent ; 
 Whatever they give me, I must lie content. Suiji. 
 
 Drawbridge, n. s. [draw and bridge.] 
 A bridge made to be lifted up, to hinder 
 or admit comintinication at pleasure. 
 
 Half the buildings were raised on the continent, 
 and the other half on an island, continued toge- 
 ther by a drawbridge. Cnrew's Survey nf Cornwall. 
 
 Drawer. 71. s. [from draw J 
 
 1 . One employed in procui-ing water from 
 the well. 
 
 From the hewer of thj wood unto the drawer of 
 thy water. Deut. xxix. 11. 
 
 2. One whose business is to draw liquors 
 from the cask. 
 
 Stand in some bye room, while I question my 
 puny drawer to what end he gave me the sugar. 
 
 Shakesp. Hejirt^ IV. 
 
 Let the drawers be ready with w ine and "fresh 
 
 glasses ; 
 
 Let the waiters liave eyes, though tlieir tongues 
 
 must be tied. Ben Jonsons Taveni Acad. 
 
 A man of fire is a general enemy to all waiters, 
 
 and makes llie draajers abroad, and his footmen 
 
 at home, know he is not to be provoked. Tatler. 
 
 S. That which has the power of attraction. 
 
 Love is a flame, and therefore we say beauty is 
 
 attractive, because physicians observe that fire is 
 
 a great draicer. Swiji. 
 
 4. A box in a case, out of which it is 
 drawn at pleasure. 
 
 There may be other and difl'erent intelligent 
 beings of whose faculties he has as little know- 
 ledge, or apprehension, as a worm, shut up in one 
 drawer ol" a cabinet, hath of the senses or under- 
 standiiig of a man. Locke. 
 
 We will suppose the China dishes taken off, 
 and a drawer ot medals supplying their room. 
 
 Addhon on MedaU. 
 
 5. [In the plural.] The lower part of a 
 man's dress. 
 
 The Maltese harden the bodies of their chil- 
 dren, by making them go stark naked, without 
 shirt or drawers, till they are ten years old. Locke, 
 
 Dra'wing. U.S. [i'rom draw.] Delinea- 
 tion ; representation. 
 
 They random drawings from your sheets shall 
 take. 
 And of one beauty many blunders make. Pope. 
 
 Dra'wingroom. n. s. [from dratv and 
 
 room.] 
 1. The room in which company assembles 
 
 at court. 
 
 What you heard of the words spoken of you 
 in the drawingroom VI US liol true: the sayings of 
 princes are generally as ill related as the sayings 
 of wits, Tope. 
 
 D R E 
 
 2. The company assembled there. 
 Drawn, [participle from dran\] 
 
 An army was drawn together of near six thou- 
 sand horse. Clarendon. 
 
 So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow, 
 With vigour draxcn, must put the shaft below. 
 
 Dvudens Fables. 
 
 1. Equal ; where each party takes his own 
 stake. 
 
 If we make a drawn game of it, or procure but 
 moderate advantages, every British heart must 
 tremble. Addkoti. 
 
 2. With a sword drawn. 
 WliaT, art ihou draicn amongst liiose heartless 
 
 hinds? _ Shakesp. 
 
 3. Open ; put aside, or unclosed. 
 A curtain drnun presented to our view 
 
 A lov\n besieg'd. Drydens Tyrannic Lave. 
 
 4. Eviscerated. 
 There is no more faith in thee tlmn in a stoned 
 
 prune ; no more truth in thee than in a drawn fox, 
 
 Ukakesp. 
 
 5. Induced as from some motive. 
 The Irisli will better he drawn to the English, 
 
 tlian the English to the Irish government. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 As this friendship was drawn losether by fear 
 on both sides, so it was not like to Ee more dura- 
 ble than was the fear. Haijward. 
 
 Dra'wwell. n. 5. [draw and ivei/.] A 
 deep well ; a well out of which water 
 is drawn by a long cord. 
 
 The first conceit, tending to a watch, was a 
 drawweli: the people of old were wont only to 
 let down a pitclicr with a hundcord, for as much 
 water as they could easily pull up. Grew. 
 
 To DRA^^■L. V. n. [from draivJ] To utter 
 any thing in a slow, driveling way. 
 
 Then mount the clerks, and in one lazy tone 
 Througli tlie long heavy pa^e drawl on. Pope. 
 
 DRAY. 'in. ;y. [bnag. Sax.] The 
 
 DRA'YCART. j car on which beer is 
 carried. 
 
 Let him be brought into the field of election 
 
 upon his draycart, and 1 will meet hira tliere in a 
 
 triumphant chariot. Addison. 
 
 When rfrav5 bound iiigh, then never cross behind 
 
 Where bubbling yest is blown by gusts of wind. 
 
 Gaif. 
 
 Dra'yhorse. n,s. [dr a 7/ and horse.] A 
 horse which draws a dray. 
 
 This truth is illustrated by a discourse on the 
 nature of the elephant and the draijhorse. Tatler. 
 
 Dra'yman. n. s. [dray and ma7i,'\ One 
 that attends a dray or cart. 
 
 A brace of draymen bid God speed him well, 
 And had the tribute of his supple knee. Shakesp. 
 
 H;ive not coblers, draymen, and racchanicks 
 governed as well as preached ? Nay, have not 
 they by preaching come to govern ? South. 
 
 Dra'yplodgh. 71. s. [drai/ and plough.] 
 A plough of a particular kind. 
 
 The drayploiiglt is the best plough in winter for 
 miry clays. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Dra'zel. n, s. [perhaps corrupted from 
 drossel the scum or dross of human na- 
 ture ; or from droshsscj Fr. a whore.] 
 A low, mean, worthless wretch. 
 As the devil uses witciies, 
 To be their cully fur a space, 
 That, when tlic time's expir'd, the drazels 
 For ever may become his vassals. Hudibras. 
 DREAD, w. 's. [bjiab. Sax.] 
 1. Fear ; terrour; affright ; horrour either 
 felt or impressed. 
 Think'st thou that duty shall have dread to 
 speak, 
 Whenpovv'rtoflatt'ry hows? To plainness honour 
 Is bound, when majesty to folly falls. 
 
 Shakesp, King Lear. 
 Let not my dttad make me afraid. J<i6. 
 
 D R E 
 
 Was ever any wicked man free from the stings 
 of a guilty conscience, from the secret dread of 
 divine displeasure, and of the vengeance of an- 
 other world ? Tillolsm. 
 
 If our fears can be awakened with the dread of 
 evil, he has armed his laws with the terrour of 
 eternal misery. Rogers. 
 
 2. Habitual fear; awe. 
 The fear of you, and Ibe dread of you, shall 
 
 be upon every beast of the earth. Gtn. ix. 2. 
 
 3. The person or thing feared ; the cause 
 of fear. 
 
 let him be your Jrca(/. Isaiah. 
 
 To thee, of all our good the sacred spring ; 
 To thee, our dearest dread ; to thee, our softer 
 king. Prior. 
 
 Dread, adj. [briaeb, Sax.] 
 
 1. Terrible; frightful. 
 
 That e'er this tongue of mine. 
 That laid the sentence ot dread banishment 
 On yond' proud man, should take it otf again 
 With words of sooth ! Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 It cannot be, but thou hast murther'd him ; 
 So sluuild aniurthercr look, so dread , so grim. Shak, 
 
 To be expos'd against the warring winds ; 
 To stand against the deep dread bolted thunder. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Terrour seiz'd the rebel host. 
 When, coming towards them, so dread they saw 
 The bottom of the mountains upward turn'd. Milt. 
 
 2. Awful ; venerable in the highest degree. 
 
 Thou, attended gloriously from heav'n, 
 Shalt in the sky appear, and from thee send 
 The summoning archangels to proclaim 
 Thy dread tribunal. Miltons Parad. Lost. 
 
 From this descent 
 Celestial virtues rising will appear 
 I\Iore glorious and more dread than from no fall. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 3. This seems to be the meaning of that 
 controverted phrase, dread majesty. 
 Some of the old acts of parliament are 
 said in the preface to be metuendissimi 
 regis, our dread sovereign's. 
 
 To Dread, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 fear in an excessive degree. 
 
 You may despise that which terrifies otliers, 
 and which yet all, even those who most dread it, 
 must in a little time encounter. Wake. 
 
 To Dread, v. n. To be in fear. 
 
 Dread not, neither be afraid of them. Deut. i. 8. 
 
 Dre'ader. n. s. [from dread.] One 
 that lives in fear. 
 
 I have suspended much of my pity towards the 
 great dreaders of popery. Swift. 
 
 Dre'adful. adj. [dread and full.] 
 
 1 . Terrible ; frightful ; formidable. 
 
 The rigid interdiction which resounds 
 Yet dreadful in mine ear. Milton. 
 
 The still night. 
 Accompanied with damps and /ii'caf/fn/ gloom. 3Ji/. 
 Thy love, still arm d with fate. 
 Is dreadful as thy hate. Granville. 
 
 2. Awful ; venerable. 
 How dreadful is this place! Genesis. 
 
 Dre'adfulnes.s. n. s. [from dreadful.] 
 Terribleness'; frightfulness. 
 
 . It may justly serve for matter of extreme ter- 
 rour to the wicked, whether they regard the dread' 
 
 fulness of the day in which they shall be tried, o* 
 the quality of the judge by whom they are to be 
 tried. ilakewill 07i Providence. 
 
 Dre'adfully. adv. [from dreadful.] 
 Terribly ; frightfully. 
 
 Not sharp revenee, nor hell itself, can find 
 A fiercer torment tlian a guilty mind, 
 Which day and night dotli dreadfuUu accuse. 
 Condemns the wretch, and still the charge re- 
 news. Dri/den. 
 Dre'.\dless. adj. [from dread.] Fear- 
 less ; unaffrighted ; intrepid ; unshaken ; 
 undaunted ; free from terrour. 
 
 576
 
 D R E 
 
 Vreadless, said he, that sliall I soon declare ; 
 It was coiuplain'd, that thou hadst done great tort 
 Unto an aged woiuaii. Faini Qat'tri. 
 
 All nigiit the dreadkss angel, unpnrsneii. 
 Through heav'n's wide champaign lieJtl liis way. 
 
 Mittnn. 
 
 Dre'adlessness. 71. s. [from dritnlhss.] 
 Feai-lessness ; intrepidity ; uiidaunted- 
 ness. 
 
 Zelniane, to whom danger then was a cause of 
 dreadkssncss, all the conipusition of her elements 
 being nothing but fiery, with swiftness of desire 
 crossed hiin. Sidnev. 
 
 DREAM. 71. s. [droom, Dut.] This word 
 is derived by .Mtric Casuuhoii, with 
 more ingenuity tlian truth, from ^Sij^a 
 TM Cia the comedy nf lift ; dreams being, 
 as plays are, a representation of some- 
 thing which does not really happen. 
 This conceit Junius has enlarged by 
 quoting an epigram : 
 
 A?ifhol.] 
 
 1. A phantasm of sleep ; the thoughts of 
 a sleeping man. 
 
 We eat our meat in fear, and sleep 
 III the affliction of those terrible dreams 
 That shake us nif^htly. Shaktsp. Macbeth. 
 
 In dreams they fearful precipices tread ; 
 Or shipwreck'd, labour to some distant shore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Glorious dreams stsnd ready to restore 
 Ilie pleasing shapes of all you saw before. Dryden. 
 
 2. An idle fancj' ; a wild conceit ; a 
 
 groiuidless suspicion. 
 
 Let him keep 
 A hundred knights ; yes, that on ev'ry dream. 
 Each buz, each fancy, each complaint, dislike. 
 He may enguard his dotage. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 To Dream, v. n. preter. dreamed, or 
 dreamt, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To have the representation of some- 
 ing in sleep. 
 
 Dreaming is the having of ideas, whilst the out- 
 
 * ward senses are stopped, not suggested bv any 
 
 extemalobjects, or known occasion, nor uncfer the 
 
 rule or conduct of the understanding. Locke. 
 
 I dreamed that I was conveyed into a wide and 
 
 boundless plain. Tatler. 
 
 2. It has of before the noun. 
 
 I have long dream\l ii/'such a kind of man. 
 But, being awake, I do despise 1113' dream. Shah. 
 
 I have nightly since 
 Dreamt of encounters 'twixt thyself and rae ; 
 We have been down together in my sleep. 
 Unbuckling helms, fisting each other's throat. 
 And wak'd half dead with nothing. Shak. Coriol. 
 
 3. To think ; to imagine. 
 
 These boys know little they are sons to tli' king. 
 Nor Cy rabeline dreams that they are alive. Shak. 
 He never dreamed of the deluge, nor tliought 
 that first orb more than a transient crust. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 He little dream'd how nigh he was to care. 
 Till treach'rous fortune caught him in the snare. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To think idly. 
 
 They dream on in a constant course of reading, 
 but not digesting. Locke. 
 
 1 began to dream of nothing less than the im- 
 mortality of my work. Smith. 
 
 5. To be sluggish ; to idle. 
 
 \'> hy does Anthony dream out his hours, 
 .\nd tempts notfortuue for a noble day ? Dryden. 
 
 To Dream, v. a. To see in a "dream. 
 
 The Jlacedon, by Jove's decree, 
 Was taught to dream an herb for Ptolemy. Dryd. 
 
 At length in sleep their bodies they compose, 
 .\nd dreamt the future sight, and early rose. Dryd. 
 
 Dre'amer. ti. s. [from dream.] 
 Vol. I. 
 
 D R E 
 
 1. Who has dreams ; one who has fancies 
 hi his sleep. 
 
 The vision said, and vanisli'd from liis slight ; 
 Tlie dreamer wakcn'd in a mortal fright. Dryden. 
 
 If our dreiimer pleases to try whether the j^low- 
 ing heat of a glass furnace be barely a wandering 
 imagination in a drowsy man's fancy, by putting 
 ills h;_ad into it, be may perha]>5 be wakened into 
 a certainty. Locke. 
 
 2. An idle fanciful man ; a visionary. 
 
 Sometimes be angers me 
 With telling of the muldwafp and the ant, 
 Of (/leamt-jOIeriin, and bis prophecies. Shahesj). 
 
 3. A mope ; a man lost in wild imagina- 
 tion ; a reveu)\ 
 
 The man of sense his meat devours, 
 Lul only smells the peel and flow'rs ; 
 And he mvist be an idle dreamer, 
 \\ ho leaves tfie pie and gnaws tlie streamer. Prior. 
 
 4. A slut]^gard; an idler. 
 Dre'amless. adj, [from dream] With- 
 out dreams. 
 
 The savages of Mount Atlas, in Barbary, were 
 reported to be both nameless and dreamless. 
 
 Camden s Remains. 
 
 Drear, w. s. Dread; teiTor. 
 
 The ill-fac'd owl, death's dreadful messenger ; 
 The hoarse night raven, trump of doleful drear. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Drear. adJ, [bpeop-ig, Sax. dreary.] 
 Mournful ; dismal ; sorrowful. 
 
 ]n unis and altars round, 
 A drear and dying sound 
 Atrrightslheflamens at their service quaint. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Dre'arihead. M.S. [from dreary. ] Hor- 
 rour; dismalness: a word now no lon- 
 ger in use. 
 
 That shortly from the shape of woraanhed, 
 Such as she was when Pallas she attempted. 
 
 She grew to hideous shape of drearihcad. 
 Pined with grief of folly late repented. Spenser. 
 
 Dre'ariment. n. s. [from dreary.'] 
 
 1. Sorrow; dismalness; melancholy. 
 
 I teach the woods and waters to lament 
 Your doleful dreariment. Spinser's "Epithalamium. 
 
 2. Horrour; dread; terrour. This word 
 is now obsolete. 
 
 Almighty Jove, in wrathful mood. 
 To wreak the guilt of mortal sins is bent ; 
 
 Hurl's forth his thundering dart with deadly feud, 
 Inroll'd in flames and smouldring dredr/moif. 
 
 Fairy Qixecn. 
 
 DRE'ARY. adj. [bneopij. Sax.] 
 1. Sorrowfid ; distressful, 
 
 Tlie messenger of death, tlie ehaslly owl. 
 With dreary shrieks did also yell ; 
 And hunery wolves continually did howl 
 At her abliorrcd face, so horrid and so foul. 
 
 Fai}-y Queen. 
 2- Gloomy ; dismal ; horrid. 
 
 Obscure tliey went througli drearij shades, that led 
 Along the vast dominions of the dead. Dryden. 
 Towns, forests, herds, and men promiscuous 
 drown'd. 
 With one great death deform the dreary ground. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. This word is scarcely used but in poe- 
 tical diction. 
 
 DREDGE, n. s. [To dretch, in Chaucer, 
 
 is to delay ; perhaps a net so often 
 stopped may be called from this.] A 
 kind of net. 
 
 For oysters they have a pecuHar dredge ; a thick, 
 strong net, fastened to tliree spills of iron, and 
 drawn at the boat's stern, gathering whatsoever it 
 raeeteth lying in the bottom, Carcw. 
 
 To Dredge. i\ a, [from the noun.] To 
 gather with a dredge. 
 
 The oysters dredged in the Lyue find a welcome 
 acceptauce. Carew. 
 
 D R E 
 
 Dredger, w. s. [from dredge,] One 
 who fishes with a dredge. 
 
 Dre'gginess, n.s. [from dreggy.] Ful- 
 ness of dregs or lees; foulness; muddi- 
 ness ; feculence. 
 
 Dre'ggish. adj. [from dregs.] Foul with 
 lees ; feculent. 
 
 To give a strong taste to this dreg^h liquor^ 
 they fling in an incredible deal of bro<>iD or hups, 
 whereby small beer is rendered equal in mischief 
 to strong. Hartey on C\msumpti*mf. 
 
 Dre'ggy. adj. [from dregs.] Contauiing 
 dregs; consistin:: of dregs; muddy; 
 feculent. 
 
 These num'rous veins, snch is the curious frame. 
 Receive the pure iubinuaiing stream ; 
 But no corrupt or dreggy parts admit, 
 To form the blood (^r feed the limbs unfit. Utachn. 
 
 Ripe grapes being moderately pres£»;d, their 
 juice may, without much (/reg^t/ matter, be squeez- 
 ed out. Birvle. 
 
 DREGS, w. s. [bjiej-cen, Sax. dreggiaUy 
 
 Islandick.] 
 
 1, The sediment of liquors ; the lees; tlie 
 grounds ; the feculence. 
 
 Fain would we make him author of the wine, 
 If for thedrt'o-5we would some other blame. Davies. 
 
 Tliey often tread destruction's horrid path. 
 And drink the dregs of the revenger's wrath. Sandys. 
 
 We from tlie dregs of life think to receive 
 What the first sprightly running could not give. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Such run on poets in a racing vein, 
 Ev'n to the dregs and squeeamgs of the brain. Pope. 
 
 2, Any thing by which purity is cor- 
 rupted. 
 
 The king by this journey purged a little the dregs 
 and leaven of the north*n )ieople, that were be- 
 fore in no good affections towards him. Bacon. 
 
 3, Dross; sweepings; refuse. 
 
 Heav'n's favourite thou, for belter fates dcsjen'd 
 Than we, the dregs and rubbish of mankind. Ifri/d. 
 
 What dithdence we must be under whether God 
 will re<;ard our sacrince, wlien we have nothing to 
 offer hira but the dregs and refuse of life, the days 
 of loathing and satiety, and the years iu which we 
 have no pleasure. Jlogcrs. 
 
 To Drein. r. «. [See Drain.] To 
 empty. The same with drain: spelt 
 differently perhaps by chance. 
 
 She is the sluice of her lady's secrets : 'tis but 
 setting her mill a-going, and I can drein her of 
 thcra all. Congrci^. 
 
 'Tis dreiti'd and emptied of its poison now ; 
 A cordial draught. Southern . 
 
 To DRENCH, t-. a. [bpencan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To wash ; to soak ; to sleep. 
 
 Our eatments beiuc as they were drenched in llie 
 sea, hold notwithstanding their freshness and glos- 
 ses. Shakap. 
 
 To-day deep thoughts leant with me to drmch 
 In mirth, that after no repenting draws. Mittmi. 
 
 Now dam the ditches, and the floods restrain ; 
 Their moisture has already drenched the plain. Dryd. 
 
 2. To saturate ■with drink or moisture: in 
 an ill sense. 
 
 In swinish sleep 
 Their drenched natures lie, as in a death. 
 
 Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 Too oft, alas ! has mutual hatred drench'd 
 Our swords in native blood. Philips. 
 
 3. To physic by violence. 
 
 If any of your cattle .ire infected, speedily let 
 both sick and well blood, and di-cnch them. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Drench, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 I. A draught; a swill: by way of ab- 
 horrence or contempt. 
 
 Let such bethink them, if the sleepy drench 
 Of that forgetful lake benumb not still. 
 That iu our proper motion we ascend. Milton. 
 
 4 E 
 
 577
 
 D R E 
 
 2. Physick for a brute. 
 
 A drc7ich is :i potion or drink prepared for a sick 
 horse, and composed of several drugs in a liquid 
 form. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Harrv, says she, how many hast thou kill'd to- 
 day ? Give niv roan horse adrench, sa^she ; and 
 answers, fourteen, an hour after. Shah. Htn. 1\ . 
 
 A drench of wine has .villi success been usd, 
 And through a horn the gcn'rous juice infus'd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 3. Physick that must be given by violence. 
 
 Their counsels are more like a drench that must 
 be poured down, than a draught which must be 
 leisurely drank if I liked it. ^^'tg Charles. 
 
 4. A channel of water. 
 Due'ncher. ji. s, [from dre?ick.] 
 
 1 , One that dips or steeps any thing. 
 
 2. One that gives physick by force. Diet. 
 Drent. participle. Probably corrupted 
 
 from drenched, to make a proverbial 
 rhyme to brcrtt, or burnt. 
 
 What tianies, (jiiuth he, when I the present see 
 In danger rather to be drent than brent? Fairy Q. 
 
 To DRESS. V. a. [dresser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To clothe; to invest with clothes. 
 
 The first request 
 He made, was, like his brothers to be dress d ; 
 And, as his birth requir'd, above the rest. Dryden. 
 
 2. To clothe pompously or elegantly. It 
 is used with up and out to enforce it. 
 
 Look upon pleasures not upon that side that is 
 next llie sun, or where they look bcauleously ; 
 that is, as they come towards you to be enjoyed ; 
 for then they paint and smile, and dress themselves 
 up in tinsel, and glass gems, and counterfeit ima- 
 gery. Taylor. 
 
 Few admir'd the native red and white, 
 Till poets dress'd them up to charm the sight. 
 
 Drxiden. 
 
 liOllia Paulina wore, in jewels, when dressed uut, 
 the value of three hundred twenty-two thousand 
 nhie hundred and sixteen pounds thirteen shillings 
 and four-pence. Arhuthnot. 
 
 3. To adorn ; to deck; to embellish; to 
 furnish. 
 
 AVhere was a fine room in the middle of the 
 house, handsomely drcsscrf '(/),for the commissioners 
 to sit in. ClarcJidon. 
 
 Skill is used in dressing np power with all the 
 splendour absoluteness can add to it. Locke. 
 
 The mind loses its natural relish of real truth, 
 and is reconciled insensibly to any thine that can 
 he dressed tip into any faitit appearance of it. Locke. 
 
 4. To cover a wound with medicaments. 
 
 In time of my sickness another chirurgeon dres- 
 sed her. Wiseman. 
 
 5. TocuiTy; to rub: a term of the stable. 
 
 Our infirmities are so many, that we are forced 
 to dress and tend horses and asses, that they may 
 help our needs. Taylor. 
 
 Three hundred horses, in high stables fed. 
 Stood ready, shining all, and smoothly dress'd. 
 
 Drydens JEneid. 
 
 6. To break or teach a horse : a term of 
 horsemanship. 
 
 A steed 
 Well mouth'd well manag'd, which himself did 
 
 dress ; 
 His aid in war, his ornament in peace. Dryden. 
 
 7. To rectify ; to adjust, 
 
 Adam ! well may we labour still to dress 
 This garden ; still to tend plant, herb, and flow'r. 
 
 Milton. 
 Well must the ground be digg'd, and better 
 dress' d. 
 New soil to make, and meliorate the rest. Dryden. 
 
 8. To prepare for any purpose. 
 
 In Orkney they dress their leather with roots of 
 torraentil, instead of bark. Mortimer's Husbandrif. 
 
 9. To trim; to fit any thing for ready 
 use. 
 
 When he dresseth the lamps he shall bum incense. 
 
 Eiod. XXX. 
 
 D R 1 
 
 Whenyoudresiyouryounghops.cut away roots 
 or sprigs. Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 10. To prepare victuals for the table. 
 
 Thus the vuhiptuous jouth, bred up to dress 
 For his fat grandslre some delicious mess, 
 In feeding nigh his tutor will surpass, 
 An iieir apparent of the guurmand race. Vryden. 
 
 Dkess. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Clothes ; garment ; habit. 
 
 Dresses laughed ;it in our forefathers wardrobes 
 
 or pictures, when, by ilie circulation of time and 
 
 vanity they are brought about, we think becoming. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 A robe obscene was o'er his shoulders thro« n, 
 A dress by fates and furies worn alone. Pope's Stat. 
 
 2. Splendid clothes ; habit of ceremony. 
 Full dress creates dignity, augments conscious- 
 ness, and kee[>s at distance an encroacher.C/tn'issu. 
 
 3. The skill of adjusting dx'ess. 
 
 The men of pleasure, dress, ami gallantry. Pope. 
 
 Dre's.ser. 71. s. [from dress.] 
 
 1. One employed in putting on the clothes 
 and adorning the person of another. 
 
 She hurries all her hand-maids to the task ; 
 Her head alone will twenty dressers ask. Driid. Juv. 
 
 2. One employed in regulating, trimming, 
 or adjusting any thing. 
 
 Said iie unto tiie/Zrfssei'of his vineyard, Behold, 
 these three years 1 come seeking fruit on this fig- 
 tree, and find none. Luke. 
 
 3. The bench in a kitchen on which meat 
 is drest or prepared for the table. 
 
 'Tis burnt, and so is all the meat . 
 \Miat dogs are these ! Where is the rascal cook ? 
 How durst 3'^ou, villains ! bring it from the dresser, 
 And serve it tlius to rae that love it not ? Shakesp. 
 
 A maple dresser in her hall she had. 
 On whicii full many a slender meal she made. Dryd, 
 
 When you take down dishes, tip a dozen upon 
 the dresser. Swift's Directions to the Cook. 
 
 Dre'ssing. n. s. [from dress.] The 
 application made to a sore. 
 
 The second day after we took off the dressings, 
 and found an eschar made by the catheretick. 
 
 Wiseman on Tumours. 
 
 Dre'ssing-room. n.s. [dress and roofn.] 
 The room in which clothes are put on. 
 
 Latin books might be found every day in his 
 dressing-room, if it were carefully searched. Swift. 
 
 Drest. part, [from dress,] 
 
 In flow'ry wreaths the royal virgin drest 
 His bending horns, and kindly clapt his breast. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To Drib. v. a. [contracted from dribble,] 
 To crop; to cut off; to defalcate. A 
 cant word. 
 
 Merchants gains come short of half the mart; 
 For he who drives their bargains dribs a part. 
 
 Dnjden. 
 
 To DRIBBLE, i-. n. [This word seems 
 to have come from drop by successive 
 alterations, such as are usual in living 
 languages : drop, drip, dripple, dribble, 
 from thence driirl and driveller. Drip 
 may indeed be the original word from 
 the Danish dri/pp.] 
 
 1. To fall in drops. 
 
 Semilunar ]irocesses on tlic surface owe their 
 form to tlie dribblittg of water that passed over it. 
 JViwati'ard on Fossils. 
 A dribblhtg difficulty, and a momentary sup- 
 pression of urine, may *be caused by the stone's 
 shutting up the orifice of the bladder. 
 
 AvbiUhnnt mi Aliments. 
 
 2. To fall weakly and slowly. 
 
 Believe not that the dribbling dart of love 
 Can pierce a cumplcte bosom. Shahesp. 
 
 3. To slaver as a child or ideot. 
 
 To Dribble, v. a. To throw down in 
 drops. 
 
 D 11 I 
 
 Let the cook follow with a ladle full of soup, 
 and dribble it all the way up stairs. 
 
 Swift's Rules to SenHintt. 
 Dri'blet. n. s. [from dribble.] A small 
 sum ; odd money in a sum. 
 
 Twelve long ^-ears i.f exile borne. 
 Twice twelve wc nuraber'd since his blest return ; 
 So strictly wert thou just to pay, 
 £ven to the dribblet of a day. Dryden. 
 
 Drier, n. s. [from dry.] That which 
 has the quality of absorbing moisture ; a 
 desiccative. 
 
 Tiiere is a tale, that boiling of daisy roots in 
 milk, which it is certain are great driers, will 
 make dogs little. Bacon. 
 
 DRIFT, n. s. [from drive.] 
 
 1. Force impellent; impulse; overbearing 
 influence. 
 
 A n)an being under the drift of any ]>assioii, 
 will slill follow the impure of it till something 
 interpose, and, by a stronger impulse, turn him 
 another way. South. 
 
 2. Violence ; course. 
 
 The mighty trunk, half rent with rugged rtft, 
 Doth roll aduwn the rocks, and fall with fearful 
 drift. Fairy Qnecn. 
 
 3. Any thing driven at random. 
 
 Some log, perhaps, upun the waters swam, 
 An useless driji, which rudely cut within. 
 
 And hollow'd, first a floating trough became, 
 And cross some riv'let passage did begin. Dryden. 
 
 4. Any thing di-iven or born along in a 
 body. 
 
 The ready racers stand ; 
 .Swift as on wings of wind upborne they fly. 
 And drifh of rising dust involve the sky. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 5. A storm; a shower. 
 
 Our thunder from the south 
 Shall rain their drift of bullets on this town. Shak. 
 
 6. A heap or stratum of any matter thrown 
 together by the wind : as, a snowdrift, a 
 deep body of snow. 
 
 7. Tendency or aim of action. 
 
 The particular drift of every act, proceeding 
 eternally from God, we are not able to discern; 
 and therefore cannot always give the proper and 
 certain reason of his works. Honker. 
 
 Their drift comes kiiown, and they discover'd 
 are ; 
 For some, of nian3-, will be false of course. Daniel, 
 3. Scope of a discourse. 
 
 The main drift of his book being to prove, that 
 what is true is impossible to be false, he opposes 
 nobody. Tillotson. 
 
 The drift of the pamphlet is to stir up our com- 
 passion towards the rebels. Addison 
 
 This, by the stile, the manner, and the drift, 
 'Twas thought could be the work of none but 
 Swift. Swift. 
 
 To Drift, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To drive; to urge along. 
 
 Snow, no larger than so many grains of s.ind, 
 drifted with the wind in clouds from every plain. 
 
 Ellis's Voyage. 
 
 2. To throw together on heaps. Not au- 
 thorised. 
 
 He wanders on 
 From hill to dale, still more and more astiay, 
 Impatient flouncing through the drifted heap«, 
 
 Thomstm. 
 
 To DRILL. V. a. [drilhn, Dut. ^ijihan, 
 Sax. from ^upjh through.] 
 
 1. To pierce any thing with a drill. 
 
 The drill-plate is only a piece of flat iron, fixed 
 upon a flat board, whicfi iron hath an hole punched 
 a little way into it, to set the blunt end of the 
 shank of the drill in, w hen you drill a hole. 
 
 Mojons Mechajiical Exercises. 
 
 2. To perforate ; to bore ; to pierce. 
 
 Jly body through and through he drill'd, 
 And'Whacum by my side lay kill'd. Hudibrat. 
 
 578 
 
 I
 
 D R I 
 
 Tell, what could dritl and perforate the poles. 
 And to th' attractive ra^s adapt their h. lej ? 
 
 Btackmore. 
 
 3. To make a hole. 
 
 When a hole is tlrllUd in a piece of metal, they 
 hold the drill-bow in their naht hand ; but, when 
 tliev turn small work, they liold the drill-bow in 
 their left hand. iloion. 
 
 4. To tlelay; to put off: in low phrase; 
 comipteJ, I believe, from drawled. 
 
 She has bubbled him out of his vouth : she dril- 
 led him on to flve-and-fifty, and sfie will drop him 
 in his old age. Addison. 
 
 5. To draw from step to step. A low 
 
 phrase. 
 
 When bj such insinuations thejr have once got 
 within him, and are able to drill him on from one 
 lewdness to another, by the same arts they corrupt 
 and squeeze him. South. 
 
 G. To drain ; to draw slowly. This sense 
 wants better authorit}-. 
 
 Drilt'd through the sandy stratum every way, 
 The waters wiili ihe sandy stratum rise, Thonuon. 
 7. To form to arms ; to teat h the military 
 exercise. An old cant word. 
 
 The foe appear'd drawn up and drill'd, 
 Ready to charge them in the field. Hudihras. 
 
 Drill, n. s. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. An instrument with which holes are 
 bored. It is a point pressed hard against 
 the thing bored, antl turned round with 
 a bow and string. 
 
 The way of tempering steel to make gravers, 
 drills, and mechanical instruments, we have taught 
 artificers. Boyle. 
 
 Drills are used for the making such holes as 
 punches will not serve for ; as a piece of work 
 that hath already its shape, and must have an hole 
 made in it. Mojion, 
 
 2. An ape; a baboon. 
 
 Shall the difference of hair be a mark of a dif- 
 ferent internal specifick constitution between a 
 changeling and a drill, when they agree in shape 
 and want of reason? Loeke. 
 
 3. A small dribbling brook. Tliis I have 
 found no where else, and suspect it 
 should be »'i7/. 
 
 Springs through the pleasant meadows pour their 
 drills. 
 Which snake-like glide between the bordering 
 hills. Sandijs. 
 
 To DRINK. V. n. preter. drank, or drunk ; 
 part. pass, drunk, or drunken, [bpmcan, 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. To swallow liquors ; to quench thirst. 
 
 Here, between the armies, 
 
 Lef 6 drink together friendly, and eml)race. Shak. 
 
 She said, drink, and I wiil give tliy camels drink 
 
 ' also ; so I drank, and she made the camels drink 
 
 also. Gen. xxiv. 46. 
 
 He drank of the wine. Gen. ix. SI. 
 
 "When delight is the only end, and rests in itself, 
 
 and dwells there long, then eating and drinking is 
 
 uot a serving of Goa, but an inordinate aclitui. 
 
 Tatjlor's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 2. To feast; to be entertained with liquors. 
 
 W'e came to fight you. For my part, I am 
 
 sorry it is turned to a drinking. 
 
 Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 3. To drink to excess ; to be an habitual 
 drunkard. A colloquial phrase. 
 
 4. To drink to. To salute in drinking; 
 to in\-ite to drink by drinking first. 
 
 I lake yonr princely word for those redresses. 
 — I g.ave it you, and will maintain my word ; 
 And thereupon I drink unto your grace. Shalu:sp. 
 
 5. To drink to. To wish well to in the 
 act of taking the cup. 
 
 Give me some wine : fill full : 
 I d'ink to th' general joy of the whole table. 
 And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss. 
 
 Sliakap. 
 
 D R 1 
 
 I'll drink 1o ma^iter Bardulpli, and to all the ca- 
 valerotrs about London. Shakesp. 
 
 To Drink, v. a. 
 
 1. To swallow : applied to liquids. 
 
 He had cateti no bread, nor dnink any water, 
 
 three days and three nights. 1 Sam. xxi. 12. 
 
 Vie have drunken our water for money. Sam. v. 4. 
 
 2. To suck up; to absorb. 
 
 Set rows of rosemary with flow'ring stem. 
 And let the purple viulets drink the stream. Dryd. 
 
 Brush not thy sweeping skirt too near the wall ; 
 Thy heedless sfeeve will drink theculour'd oil. Gay- 
 
 3. To take in by any inlet ; to hear ; to 
 see. 
 
 My ears have vet not drunk a hundred words 
 Of that tongue's uttering, yet I know the sound. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Thither write, my queen ; 
 And with mine eyes I'll drink the words you send, 
 Though ink be made of gall. Shakesp. Cxjmbdine. 
 
 Phemius ! let acts of gods, and heroes old. 
 What ancient bards in hall and bow'rhave told, 
 Attemper'd to the iyre, your voice employ ; 
 Such the pleas'd ear will armfc wiili silent joy. P.Tpe. 
 
 J drink delicious poisoH from l)iy eye. Pope. 
 
 4. To act upon by drinking. 
 
 Come, we have a hut venison pasty to dinner: 
 come, gentlemen, I hope we shall drink down all 
 unkindness. Shakesp. 
 
 He will drown liis health and his strength in his 
 belly ; and, after all his drunken trophies, at length 
 drink down himself too. South. 
 
 5. To make drunk. 
 
 Benhadad was drinking hJmseK dnink in the i)a- 
 vilions. 1 Kings. 
 
 6. It is used with the intensive particles 
 offy Up, and in. Off, to note a single 
 act of drinking. 
 
 One roan gives another a cup of poison, a thiiii: 
 as terrible as death ; but at the same lime he tells 
 liira that it is a cordial, and so he drinks it olT, and 
 dies. "Smth. 
 
 7. Up, to note that the whole is drunk. 
 Alexander, after he had drank up a cup of four- 
 teen pints, was going to takean<nher..4r6. on Coins. 
 
 8. /«, to enforce the sense : usually of 
 inanimate things. 
 
 The body being reduced nearer unto the cartii, 
 and emptied, hecometh more porous, and greedily 
 drinketh in water. Browns Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Drink, n. $. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Liquor to be swallowed: opposed to 
 meat, 
 
 When God made choice to rear 
 His mighty champion, strong above compare, 
 Whose drink was only from the liquid brook ! Milt. 
 
 2. Liquor of any particular kind. 
 
 ^^'e will give you rare and sleepy drinks. 
 
 Shukcsp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 The juices of fruits are eitlier walery or oilv : I 
 
 reckon among the watery all the fruits out of which 
 
 drink is expressed, as the grape, the apple, and the 
 
 pear. Bacon. 
 
 O madness, to think use of strongest wines. 
 And strongest drinks, our chief support of health ! 
 
 Milton. 
 Tliese, when th' allotted orb of time's complete. 
 Are more commended than the labour'd driiik. 
 
 Philips. 
 Amongst drinks, austere wines are apt to occa- 
 sion foul eruptions. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Drink-money, n. s. [drhik and money.] 
 Money given to buy liquor. 
 Peg's servants were always asking for drtnk- 
 
 mnneif. .irbuthnot. 
 
 Dri'nkable. adj. [from driftk.] Potable ; 
 such as may be drank. 
 
 Dri'nker. n. s. [from drhtfc] One that 
 drinks to excess ; a drunkard. 
 
 It were good for those that have moist brains, 
 and are great drinkers, to take fume of limmm, 
 aloes, rosemary, and frankincense, about tlVe full 
 of the moon. Bacon. 
 
 D R I 
 
 The drmktr and debaucned person is the object 
 of scorn and contempt. South. 
 
 The urine of hard (/rinfem affords a liquor ex- 
 tremely fetid, but no inflammable spirit : what is 
 inflammable stays in the blood, and affecla the 
 brain. Great drin/crrs commonly die apoplectick. 
 Arbuthnot on Altmentk. 
 
 To DRIP. r. n. [drippen, Diit.] 
 
 1. To fall in drops. 
 
 2. To have drops falling from it, 
 
 Tlie soil, with fatt'ning moisture fill'd. 
 Is cloath'd with grass, and fruitful to be till'd ; 
 Such as in fruitful vales we view from high, 
 Which dripping rocks, not rowling streams, supply. 
 
 Drydrn. 
 The finest sparks, and cleanest beaux. 
 Drip from the shoulders lo the toes. Fn'^r. 
 
 To Drip. v. a. 
 
 1. To let fall in drops. 
 
 Her flood of tears 
 Seem like tlie lofty bam of some rich swain. 
 Which from the thatch drips fast a show'r of rain. 
 
 Stcift, 
 
 2. To drop fat in roasting. 
 
 Let what was put hito his belly, and what he 
 drips, be his sauce. Walton's Angler. 
 
 His offer'd entrails shall his crime reproach. 
 And drip tlteir fatness from the hazle broach. 
 
 Drvden's Virgil. 
 
 Drip. w. s. [from the verb.] That which 
 falls in drops. 
 
 Water may be procured for necessary occasior.s 
 from the heavens, by preserving the drips of the 
 houses. Mortimer. 
 
 Dripping, n. 5. [from rfn//.] Tbefat which 
 housewives gather from roast meat. 
 
 Shews all her secrets of housekeeping ; 
 For candles how she trucks her dripping. Surift. 
 
 Dri'ppingpan. n. s. [drip and pan.] 
 The pan in which the fat of roast meat 
 is caught. 
 When the cook turns her back, throw smoaking 
 
 coals into the drippin^,an. Stcift. 
 
 Dri'pple. adj. [from drip.] This word 
 is used somewhere by Fairfax for weak, 
 or rare; dripplc shot. 
 
 To DRIVE, v.a. [preterite rfrutf, anciently 
 drave ; part. pass, drireny or drove^ drti- 
 han, Got, bpipan, Sax. dryven, Dut.] 
 
 1. To produce motion in any thing by vio- 
 lence: as, the hammer drives the nail. 
 
 2. To force along by impetuous pressure. 
 He builds a bridge, who never drove a pile.Ptpe. 
 
 On helmets helmets throng. 
 Shield press'd on shield, and roRndrove raanalor.e. 
 
 Pop~i. 
 
 3. To expel by force from any place : 
 with from. 
 
 Driven from his native laiid to foreign grounds. 
 He with a gen'rous rage resents his wounds. 
 
 Drydens VtrgiL 
 His ignominious flight the victors boast, 
 Beaux nanisb beaux, and swordknots swordknols 
 drive. Pope. 
 
 4. To ^end by force to any place: with /o. 
 Time drives the flocks from field to fdld, 
 
 When rivers raiie and rocks grow cold. SJtakesp. 
 
 Fate has driven \m all 
 Into the net. Dryden's Don Sebastian. 
 
 5. To chase ; to hunt. 
 
 To drive the deer with hound and horn 
 EatI Percy took his way. Chew Chase. 
 
 G, To force or urge in any direction. 
 
 He stood and measured the earth : he beheld, 
 and drove asunder ihc nations. Hab. iii. 6. 
 
 7. To impel to greater speed. 
 
 8. To guide and regulate a carriage. 
 
 He took i rt" their chariot-wheels, tliat they drove 
 them heavilv. Ex. siv. ?5. 
 
 9. To convey animals ; to make animals 
 march along under guidance. 
 
 57P
 
 h-yden. 
 
 D R I 
 
 There find a herd of heifers, wand'ring o'er 
 The neighb'riiig liill, and drive 'em to the sliore. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 10. To clear any place by forcing away 
 
 what is in it. 
 
 We come not with design of wasteful prey, 
 To Jriuc tlie country', force the swains away. 
 
 11. To force ; to compel. 
 
 For the metre sake, some words in liim sometime 
 be driiieii awry, whicli require straighter piacini; in 
 plain prose. A$clmm. 
 
 12. To hurry on inconsiderately. 
 
 .Mist miserable if such unskilfuliicss make them 
 drive on their time by llie periods of sin and death. 
 
 Tittihr. 
 
 He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not 
 the like, to do as much for my horse as fortinie had 
 done for his. Sidney. 
 
 The Romans did not think that tyranny was 
 thoroughly extinguished, till they had drivenoneof 
 their consuls to depart the city, against whom they 
 found nut in tlie world w hat to object, saving only 
 that his name was Tarquin. _ _ _ tlmker. 
 
 He was driven by the necessities of times, more 
 than led by his own disposition, to rigour. 
 
 A'in^ Charles. 
 
 13. To distress ; to straighten. 
 
 This kind uf speech is in the manner of despe- 
 rate men far driven. Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 
 14. To urge by violence, not kindness. 
 
 He tauglit the gospel rather than the law, 
 And forc'd himself to drive, but lov'd to draw. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 15. To impel by influence of passion. 
 
 1 rfnu'e my suitor from his mad humour of love to 
 a living humour of madness. STiakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Discontents r/ruie men into slidings. A. Charles. 
 
 Lord Cottington, being master of temper, and 
 of the most urofouiid dissimulation, knew too well 
 how to lead him into a mistake, and then drii'e him 
 into choler. Clarendon. 
 
 It is letter to marry than to burn, says St. Paul ; 
 where we may see what drives men into a conjugal 
 life : a little burning pusiies us more powerfully 
 than greater pleasures ni prospect. Locke. 
 
 10. To urge; to press to a conclusion. 
 
 The experiment of wood that shinetli in the 
 dark, we have diligently driven and pursued ; the 
 rather for that, of all things that give light here 
 below, it is the most durable, and hath least appa- 
 reiit motion. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 We have thus the proper notions of the four ele- 
 ments, and both them and llieir qualities (fr/tr/i up 
 and resolved into their most simple principles. 
 
 Digbyon Bodies. 
 
 To drive the argument farther, let us inquire 
 into the obvious designs of this divine architect. 
 Cheyne's Philos. PrincijiUs. 
 
 I'he design of these orators was to drive some 
 particular point, either the condemnation or ac- 
 quittal. Swift. 
 
 17. To carry on; to keep in motion. 
 
 As a farmer cannot husband his ground so well, 
 if he sit at a great rent ; so the merchant cannot 
 drivehis trade so well, if he sit at great usury.Bucen. 
 
 The bees have common cities of their own. 
 And common sort ; beneath one law they live. 
 And with one common stock their traflick diive. 
 
 Vrydeit. 
 
 Vour Pasimond a lawless bargain drove, 
 The parent could not sell the daughter's lovc.Dryd. 
 
 The tiade of life cannot be driven without part- 
 ners. Collier. 
 
 18. To purify by motion: so we say to 
 drive feathers. 
 
 His thrice t/rii;e?i bed of down. Sbakesp. 
 
 The one 's in the plot, let him he never so iinio- 
 cent ; and the other is as white as the driven snow, 
 let him i>e never so criminal. VEstrange, 
 
 19. To drive out. To expel. 
 
 Tumults and their exciters drove myself and 
 many of both houses out of their places. 
 
 King Charles. 
 .\s soon as they heard the name of lloscetes, 
 
 D R I 
 
 they forthwith dravc out Iheir governour, and re- 
 ceived the Turks into the tuwn. KnuUess History. 
 
 To Drive, v. ?/. 
 
 1. To go as impelled by any external 
 
 agent. 
 
 The needle endeavours to conform unto tlie 
 meridian ; but, being distracted, dnveth tliat way 
 wlit-rc the f^reaierand powcrfuller part of the earth 
 is (lUiced. Bmiin's Vtifg. Kit. 
 
 Love, fixt to one, still safe at anchor rides. 
 And dares tiie fury of the winds and tides ; 
 But iosin« once tliat hold, to the wide ocean born, 
 It drives iiw ay at will, to every wave a scorn. Dryd, 
 
 Nut wiih the risiiit; storm would vainly strive ; 
 But left ilio lielm, and let the vessel driue. 
 
 Drydens JEnctd. 
 
 '2. To rush witli violence. 
 
 Fierce Boreas (/roie agaujst his flvinir sails. 
 And rent the sheets. Dryden s yEncid. 
 
 Near as he draws, tliick harbingers of smoke 
 With gloomy pillars cover all tlie place ; 
 
 Whose little intervals of night are broke 
 By sparks that drive against his sacred face. Dryd. 
 Then with so swift an ebb the flood drove back- 
 ward, 
 It slipt from underneath the scaly herd. 
 
 Vryden's All for Love. 
 The bees drive out upon each other's backs, 
 T'imboss their hives in clusters. Dryd. DonSebast. 
 
 While thus he stood, 
 Perithous' dart drove on, and nail'd him to the 
 wood. Drudeji. 
 
 As a ship, which winds and waves assail, 
 Now with the current drives, now with the gale ; 
 She feels a doulilc force, by turns obeys 
 Th' imperious tempest, and th' impetuous seas. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The wolves scampered away, however, as liard 
 
 as they could drive. L Eurange. 
 
 Thick as autumnal leaves, or driving sand, 
 The moving squadrons blacken all the strand. 
 
 Pope's Iliad. 
 
 3. To pass in a carriage. 
 
 There is a litter ready ; lay lum in 't, ^ 
 And drive tow'rd Dover. Shakesp. King. Lear. 
 
 Thy flaming chariot-wheels, that shook 
 Heav'n's everlasting frame, while o'er the necks 
 Thou c/?'i'iiV of warring angels disarray'd. Milton. 
 
 4. To tend to; to consider as the scope 
 and ultimate design. 
 
 Authors drive at these, as the highest elegancies, 
 which are but the frigidities of wit. 
 
 Brown's Vnlg. EiTonrs. 
 
 We cannot widely mistake his discourse, when 
 we have found out l*lic point he drives at. Locke. 
 
 They look no further before them than the next 
 line ; whence it will inevitably follow, that they 
 can drive to no certain point, but ramble from one 
 subject to another. Druden. 
 
 We have done our work, and are come within 
 view of the end that we have been driinng at. 
 
 Addi'ion on the liar. 
 
 5. To aim ; to strike at with fury. 
 
 Four rogties in buckram let drive at nie. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 At Auxur's shield he drove, and at the blow 
 Both shield and arm to ground togetlier go. 
 
 Vryden's JEneid. 
 
 6. To drivCy in all its senses, whether ac- 
 tive or neuter, may be observed to retain 
 a sense compounded of violence and pro- 
 gression. 
 
 To DRIVEL, r. n. [from drip, dripple, 
 dribble, drivel.] 
 
 1. To slaver ; to let the spittle fall in 
 drops, like a child, an ideot, or dotard. 
 
 I met with this Chrcmes, a driveling old fellow, 
 lean, shaking both of head and hands, already 
 half earth, and yet then most greedy of earth. 
 
 Sidney. 
 No man could spit from liim, but would te 
 for«ed to drivel like some paralytick, or a fool. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 2. To be weak or foolish ; to dote. 
 
 D R O 
 
 This drivelijig love is like a great natural, that 
 runs lolling uj> and down to hide his bauble. 
 
 Shakesp. Romeo and JuUet. 
 
 1 hate to see a brave bold fellow sotted, 
 Made sour and senseless, turn'd to whey, by love ; 
 A driveling hero, fit for a romance. Dryden. 
 
 Dri'vel. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Slaver; moisture shod from the mouth. 
 
 Besides th' eternal drivel, that supplies 
 The dropping beard, from nostrih, mouth, and 
 eyes. Dryden. 
 
 2. A fool; an ideot; a driveller. This 
 sense is now out of use. 
 
 What f[)ol au) I, to mingle that driveVs speeches 
 among my noble thoughts. Sidney. 
 
 ftlilliuiis of years this old drivel Cupid lives. 
 While still more wretch, more wicked, he doth 
 prove. Sidney. 
 
 Dri'veller. 71. s. [from drivel.] A fool ; 
 an ideot; a slaverer. 
 
 1 have heard the arr.tntest ririue^/er^ commended 
 for their shrewdness, even by men of tolerable 
 judgment. Swift. 
 
 Dri'ven. Participle of drive. 
 
 They were drlveii forth frum araon^ men. 
 
 Job, XXX. 3. 
 Dri'ver. ?^. 5. [from. drive.] 
 
 1. The person or instrument who gives 
 any motion by violence. 
 
 2. One who drives beasts. 
 
 He from the many-peopled city flies ; 
 Contemns their labours, and the driver's cries. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 The driver runs up to him immediately, arid 
 beats him almost to death. L' Estrange. 
 
 The multitude or common rout, like a drove 
 of sheep, or an herd uf oxen, may be managed by 
 any noise or cry which their driver shall accustom 
 them to. South. 
 
 3. One who drives a carriage. 
 
 Not the fierce driver with more fury lends 
 The sounding lash, and, ere the stroke descends, 
 Low to the wheels his pliant body bends. Dry. Virg. 
 
 To DRIZZLE. V. a. [driseien, Ger. to shed 
 dew.] To shed in small slow drops, 
 as winter rains. 
 When the sun sets, the air doth drizzle dew. 
 
 Shakesjt. 
 Though now tliis face of mine be hid 
 In sap-consuming winter's drizzled snow, 
 And all the conduits of my blood froze up, 
 Vet hath my night of life s'ome memory. Shakesp. 
 
 To Dri'zzle. r. n. To fall in short slow 
 drops. 
 
 And drizzling drops, that often do redound, 
 Tlie firmest flint doth in continuance wear. Spens. 
 
 Her heart did melt in great compassion, 
 And drizzling tears did shed for pure affection. 
 
 Fairy Queen, 
 This day will pour down. 
 If I conjecture aught, no drizzling show'r, 
 But rattling storm of arrows barb'd with fire. 
 
 Milton. 
 The neighbouring mountains, by reason of their 
 height, arc more exposed to the dews and drii- 
 zling rahis than any of the adjacent parts. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Dri'zzly. adj, [from drizzle,] Shedding 
 
 small rain. 
 
 This during winter's drizzly reign be done. 
 Till the new ram receives the exalted sun. ^ 
 
 Dryden' s Virgil .. 
 
 DROIL. 71. s, [by Junius understood a 
 contraction of drivel.] A drone; a 
 
 sluggard. 
 To Droil. v. n. To work sluggishly 
 and slowly ; to plod. 
 
 Let such vile vassals, born to base vocation, 
 Drudge in the world, and for their living droit. 
 Which have no wit to live withouten toyle. Spens, 
 
 Desuetude does contract and narrow our facul- 
 ties, so that we can apprehend only those things in 
 j which we are conversant : the droiling peasant 
 
 580
 
 D R O 
 
 scarce thinks there is anv world beyond the neigh- 
 bouring markets. 'Government of the Tongue. 
 
 DROLL. n.s,[drohr, Fr.] 
 
 1. One whose business is to raise mirth 
 by petty tricks ; a jester ; a buffoon ; a 
 jack-pudding. 
 
 As he was running home in all haste, a droll 
 takes him up by the way. VEstrange. 
 
 Why, how now, Andrew? cries his brother rfro//; 
 To-day's conceit, methinks, is something dull. 
 
 Prior. 
 Deniocritus, dear droll! revisit earth, 
 And wiih our follies glut thy heiyhtea'd mirth. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. A farce ; something exhibited to raise 
 mirth. 
 
 Some as justly fame extols, 
 For lofty lines in Smithficld drolls. Swift. 
 
 To Droll, r. it. [drole, Fr.] To jest; to 
 play the buffoon. 
 
 Such august designs as inspire your inquiries, 
 used to be decided liy droiUng fantasticks, thai 
 have only wit enough to make others and them- 
 selves ridiculous. _ GlanvUlt'. 
 
 Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, 
 may yet be laughed or drolled into them. 
 
 U Estrange. 
 
 Let virtuosos insult and despise on, yet they 
 never shall be able to droll away nature. South. 
 
 Dro'llery. n. s. [from droll.] Idle 
 jokes ; buffoonery. 
 
 The^' hang between heaven and hell, borrow 
 the christians faith, and the atheists drolleru upon 
 it. Government of the Tongue, 
 
 Dro'medary. n. s, [dromedare, Ital,] 
 
 A sort of camel so called from its swiftness, be- 
 cause it is said to travel a hundred miles a-day. 
 Dromedaries are smaller than common caiucfs, 
 slenderer, and more nimble ; and are of two 
 kinds ; one larger, with two small bunches, co- 
 vered with hair, on its back ; the other lesser, 
 with one hairy eminence, and more frequently 
 called camel : both are cajiuble of great fatigue. 
 Their hair is soft and shorn ; the^' have no fangs 
 and fure-teeth, nor horn upon their feet, which 
 are only covered with a fleshy skin ; and tlu-y 
 are about seven feet and an half high, from the 
 ground to the top of their heads. See Camel. 
 
 Calmet. 
 
 Straw fur the horses and dromedanes brought 
 they unto the place. 1 Kings. 
 
 jMules, after these camels and dromedaries^ 
 And waggons fraught with utensils of war. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 DRONE, n. s, [bpoen. Sax.] 
 
 1. The bee which makes no honey, and is 
 therefore driven out by the rest. 
 
 The sad-eyed justice, with his surly hum. 
 Delivering o'*er to executors pale 
 The lazy yawning drove. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Luxurious kings are to their people lost; 
 They live, like drones, upon the publick cost. 
 
 Drydens Aurengzebe. 
 All, with united force, combine to drive 
 The lazy drmies from the laborious hive. 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 2. A sluggard ; an idler. 
 
 He sleeps by day 
 More than the wild cat : drones hive not with me. 
 Therefore I part with him. Shakesp. 
 
 Sit idle on the household hearth, 
 
 A burd'nous drone, to visitants a gaze. Milton. 
 
 It is my misfortune to be married to a drone, 
 
 who lives upon what I get, without bringing any 
 
 thing tiito the common stuck. Addison. 
 
 3. The hum, or instrument of humming. 
 
 Here while his canting drone-pipe scaun'd 
 The inystic figures of her hand. 
 He tipples palraestrv, and dines 
 On all her fortune-tefling lines. Cleaveland. 
 
 To Drone, v. n. [from the noun.] 
 1, To live in idleness; to dream. 
 
 D R o 
 
 What have I lost by my forefathers fault! 
 Why was I nut the twentieth by descent 
 From a lung restive race of droning kings ? Dryden. 
 
 2. To give a heavy dull tone. 
 
 iSfelfnil and honeysuckh's pound. 
 With these alluring savours strew the grrmnd, 
 And mix with linkliiig brass the cymbal's droning 
 
 soun<l. Dryden. 
 
 Dro'nish. adj. [from drone.] Idle; 
 sluggish; dreaming; lazy; indolent; 
 un active. 
 
 The dronish monks, the scorn and shaiuc of man- 
 hood. 
 Rouse and prepare once more to take possession. 
 
 To nestle in tlieir ancient hives again. lioue. 
 
 To Droop, r.n. [drotf sorrow, Dut.] 
 
 1. To languish with sorrow. 
 Ccnceiviiig the dishonour of Ins mother, 
 
 He straight declin'd, drooped, took it deeply ; 
 Fasten'aand fix'd the shame on 't in himself. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 T droop, with struggling spent ; 
 IMy thoughts are on my sorrows bent. Sandys. 
 
 2. To fitint ; to grow weak ; to be dis- 
 pirited. 
 
 I find my zenith doth depend upon 
 A most auspicious star; whose influence 
 If now I court nut, but omit, my fortunes 
 Will ever after droop. Shakesp. Tcmvest. 
 
 Good thinL^s of day begin to droop and drowse. 
 While night's black agents to their prey do rouse. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When by impulse from hcav'n Tyrt^eus sung, 
 In drooping solaiers a new courage sprung. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Can flow'rs but droop in absence of the sun. 
 Which wak'd their sweets? and mine, alas! is 
 gone. Driiden. 
 
 Time seems not now beneatli his years to stoop. 
 Nor do his wings with sickly feathers droop. Dryd. 
 
 When factious rage to cruel exile drove 
 The queen of beauty and the court of love. 
 The muses drooped with their forsaken arts. Dryd. 
 
 I'll animate the soldiers drooping courage 
 With love of freedom and contempt of life. 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 I saw bim ten days before he died, and observed 
 lie began very much to droop and languish. Swift. 
 
 3. To sink; to lean downwards: com- 
 monly by weakness or grief. 
 
 I never from thy side henceforth must stray. 
 Where'er our day s work lies ; though now enjoin'd 
 Laborious, till day droop. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 His head, though eay, 
 Carnation, purple, azure, or speck d with gold. 
 Hung drooping, unsustain'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 On her heav'd bosom hung her drooping head. 
 Which with a sigh she rais'd, and this she said. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 DROP. n. s. [bjioppa, Sax.] 
 
 1. A globule of moisture ; as much liquor 
 as falls at once when there is not a con- 
 tinual stream. 
 
 Meet we the med'cine of our country's weal. 
 And with him pour we, in our country's purge. 
 Each drop of us. Shakesp. Macbeth, 
 
 Whereas Aristotle tells us, that if a drop of 
 wine be put into ten thousand measures of water, 
 the wine, being overpowered by so vast a quan- 
 tity of water, will be turned nito it ; he speaks 
 very improbably. Boyle. 
 
 Admiring in the gloomy shade. 
 
 Those little drops of light. Waller. 
 
 Had I but known that Sancho was his father, 
 I would have pour'd a deluee of my blood 
 To save one drop of Ins. Vryden s Spanish Friar, 
 
 2. Diamond hanging in the ear. 
 
 The (/ri^5 to thee, Brillante, "we consign : 
 And, Momentilla, let the watch be thine. Pope. 
 
 Drop Serene. ii. s. [gjttla serenoy Lat.] 
 A disease of the eye^ proceeding from 
 an inspissation of the humour. 
 
 So thick a drop serene hath quench'd their orbs, 
 Or dim sulTusion veiTd ! Milt^m's Par. Lost. 
 
 To Drop. v. a. [bjaoppanj Sax ] 
 
 D R o 
 
 1. To ]X)ur in drops or single globules. 
 
 Ilis heavens shall dro/j down dew. Deuf.xxxiii.C'S. 
 
 2. To let fall from a higher place. 
 
 Others o'er chinmey tops and turrets row, 
 And dri*p their anchors on the meads below. Dryd. 
 
 One <inly hag remain'd : 
 Propp'd on litr trusty staff, not half urrighl. 
 And drojyp'd an aukward court'sy to the tnighl. 
 
 Dryden. 
 St. John liimself will scarce fnrbear 
 To bite his pirn and drop a tear. Stcift. 
 
 3. To let go ; to dismiss from the hand, 
 or the possession. 
 
 Though I could 
 With barefuc'd power s\secp him from my sight, 
 And bit! my ^^ill avouch it ; yet I must not, 
 For certain friends that are both his and mine, 
 W hose hives I may not droji. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Those who liave assumed visible shapes for a 
 season, can hardly be reckoned among this order 
 of compounded beings; because they drop thtir 
 bodies, and divest themselves of those visible 
 shapes. Watts^s Logick. 
 
 4. To Utter slightly or casually. 
 
 Drop not tliy wurd against the house of Isaac. 
 
 Arm^f. 
 
 5. To insert indirectly, or by way of di- 
 gression. 
 
 St. Paul's epistles contain nothing bat points of 
 Christian instruction, amongst which he seldom 
 fails tu drop in the great and disthiguishing doc- 
 trines iif uur holy religion. Lock.c. 
 
 G. 'i'o intermit ; to cease. 
 
 Where the act is unmanly or immoral, we 
 ought to drop our hopes, or rather never enter- 
 tain tliem. Collier on Despair. 
 After having given this judgment in its favour, 
 thc}' suddenly dropt the pursuit, Sliarp's Surgery. 
 
 7. To quit a master. 
 
 I have beat the hoof till 1 have worn out these 
 shoes in your service, and not one penny left me 
 to buy more ; so that you mu'st even excuse me if 
 I drop you here. U Estrnnj^c. 
 
 8. To let go a dependant, or companion, 
 without farther association. 
 
 She drilled him on to five-and-fifty, and will 
 drop him in his old age, if she can find her account 
 in another. Adtiis^m. 
 
 They have no sooner fetched themselves up to 
 the fashion of the polite world, but the town has 
 dropped them. Addison. 
 
 Riention either of the kings of Spain or Poland, 
 
 and he talks notably ; but if you go out of the 
 
 Gazette, you drop him. Addison. 
 
 y. To suffer to vanish, or come to nothing. 
 
 Thus was the fame of our Saviour perpetuated 
 by such records as would preserve the traditionary 
 account of him to after-ages ; and rectify it, if, by 
 passing through several generations, it might t/n-p 
 any part that was material, Addison. 
 
 (Opinions, like fashions, always descend from 
 those of quaiitv to the middle sort, and thence to 
 the vulgar,wheVe they are dropped and vanish.i'infl. 
 10. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate 
 with spots. Variis stellatus corpora 
 guttis. 
 
 Or sporting, with ^uick glance. 
 Shew to the sun their wavd coats, dropped with 
 gold. Milton. 
 
 To Drop, v, n, 
 
 1. To fall in drops, or single globules. 
 
 The quality of mercv is not slrain'd ; 
 It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 
 Upon the place beneath. Shah. Merchant of' Venice. 
 
 2. To let drops fall ; to discharge itself in 
 drops. 
 
 The heavens dropped at the presence of God. 
 
 Psalm Ixvii. 8. 
 While cumber'd with my dropping cloathjllay. 
 The cruel nation, covetous of prey, 
 Stain'd with my blood th' unhospitable coast. 
 
 Dryden's jEneid. 
 Beneath a rock he sigh'd alone. 
 And cold Lycceus wept from every dropping sione. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 581
 
 D R O 
 
 3. To fall ; to come from a higher place. 
 
 Phildsophers conjecture iliatjou dropped fruni 
 the moon, or one of ilie stars. Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 In every revolution, a|>proachiiig nearer and 
 nearer to the sun, this comet must alTabt drop into 
 the sun's hody. Cneyne. 
 
 4. To fall spontaneously. 
 
 So may'st tliou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou 
 drop 
 Jnto thv mother's lap ; or be with ease 
 GatherM, not harshly pluck'd. Milton. 
 
 5. To fall in death ; to die suddenly. 
 
 It was your presurniisc, 
 That in the dole of blows your sou might drop. 
 
 Shakes}^. 
 
 6. To die. 
 
 Nothing, aays Seneca, go soon reconciles us to 
 the thoughts ui uur own death, as tlie prospect of 
 one friend after another dropping round us. 
 
 Vigby to Pope. 
 
 7. To sijik into silence ; to vanish ; to come 
 to nothing ; a famiUar phrase. 
 
 Virgil's friends thought fit to let ihop this inci- 
 dent of Helen. Addison s Travels. 
 
 I heard of threats occasioned by my verses ; I 
 sent to acquaint them where I was to be found, 
 and so it dropped. Pope. 
 
 C. To come unexpectedly. 
 
 Either you come not here, or, as you grace 
 Some old acquaintance, drop into the place. 
 Careless and qualmish, with a yawning (uce. Drijd. 
 
 He could never make any figure in companv, 
 but by giving disturbance at his entry : and 
 therefore takes care to drop in when he thinks 
 you are just seated. Spectator, No. 4-18. 
 
 9. To fall short of a mark. 
 
 Often it drojis or overshoots by the dispropor- 
 tions of distance or ajjplication. Cottier. 
 
 Dro'pping. n.s. [from drop.] 
 
 1. That which falls in drops. 
 
 Tlirifiy wench scra])es kitchen-stuIT, 
 And barrelling tlie drojipiiigs and the snutf 
 Of wasting candles. Donne. 
 
 2. That which drops when the continuous 
 
 stream ceases. 
 
 Strain out the last dull droppings of 3'our sense, 
 And rhyme with ail the rage of impotence. Pope. 
 
 Droplet. >t. s. A little drop. 
 
 Thou abhnrr'dst in us our human griefs, 
 Scorn'd our brine's flow, and those our droplets, 
 
 which 
 From niggard nature fall. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Dro'psto ne. n.s. [drop and stone.] Spar 
 formed into the shape of drops. 
 
 Uiiodward. 
 
 Dro'pwort. 11. s. [drop and wort.] A 
 plant of various species. 
 
 Dro'psic.\l. adj. [from drops)/.] Dis- 
 eased with a dropsy ; hydropieal; tend- 
 ing to a dropsy. 
 
 The diet of ncphritick and dropsictd jiersons 
 ought to be such as is opposite to, and subdneth, 
 the alkalescent nature of the salts in the <ierum 
 of the blood. Arbnthnot un Aliments. 
 
 Dro'psied. ad/, [from dropsy.] Dis- 
 eased with a dropsy. 
 
 Where great addition swells, and virtue none, 
 It is a dropsied honour: good alone 
 Is good. Slialtesp. Alt's well ttiat ends irell. 
 
 DROTSY. 71. s. [hi/drops, Lat. whence 
 anciently hi/dropisi/, thence dropisy, 
 dropsy.] A collection of water in the 
 body, from too la.x a tone of the solids, 
 whereby digestion is weakened, and all 
 the parts stuffed. Quincy. 
 
 An anasarca, a species of dropsif, is an extrava- 
 soiion of water lodged in the cells of the nuin- 
 branaadiposa. S/iarw. I 
 
 D R O 
 
 DROSS, n. s. [bpoj-. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The recrement or dcspumation of metals. 
 
 Some scuunu'd the dross that from the metal 
 came. 
 Some stirr'd the molten ore with ladles great, 
 And every one did swink, and every one did sweat. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Should the mixture of a little dross constrain the 
 
 church to deprive herself of so much gold, rather 
 
 than learn bow, by art and judgment, to make 
 
 separation of the one from the other ? Hoolter. 
 
 2. Rust ; incrustation upon metal. 
 
 An emperor, hid under a crust of dross, after 
 cleansing, has appeared with all his titles fresh and 
 beautifuf, Addimn. 
 
 3. Refuse; leavings; sweepings; anything 
 remaining after the removal of the better 
 part ; dregs ; feculence ; corruption. 
 
 Fair proud, now tell me why should fair be 
 proud, 
 Sith all world's glory is but (/r()ss unclean ; 
 
 And in the shade of death itself shall shroud, 
 However now thereof ye little ween ? Spenser. 
 
 That most divine light only shineth on those 
 minds which are purged from all worldly (/rossaud 
 human uncleanuess. Raleigh. 
 
 All treasures and all gain esteem as dross. 
 And dignities and pow'rs, all but the highest. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Such precepts exceedingly dispose us to ])ity 
 and religion, by purifying our souls from the dross 
 and filth of sensual delights. Titlotson. 
 
 Dro'ssines.s. n. s. [from drossy.] Foul- 
 ness ; feculence ; rust. 
 
 The furnace of affliction refines us from earthly 
 rfnwsinfss, and softens us for tlieirapressionof God s 
 stamp. Boyle. 
 
 Dro'ssy. adj. [from dross.] 
 
 1. Full of scorious or recrementitious 
 parts ; full of dross. 
 
 So doth the fire the drossy gold refine. Davies. 
 
 For, by the fire, they emit not or.ly many drossy 
 anil scorious parts, but whatsoever they bad re- 
 ceived either from earth or loadstone. 
 
 Broim's Vntg. Errours. 
 
 2. Worthless ; foul ; feculent. 
 
 Your intention hold, 
 As fire these drossif rhymes to purify, 
 Or as elixir to change them into gcjfd. Donne. 
 
 Dro'tchel. n. s. [corrupted perhaps 
 from dretchet. To drttch, in Cliaucer, 
 is to idle, to ddiiy. Droch, in Frisick, 
 is delay.] An idle wench ; a sluggard. 
 In .Scotland it is still used. 
 
 Drove, n. s. [from drive.] 
 
 1. A body or number of cattle : generally 
 used of oxen or black cattle. 
 
 'l'\oiy brought to their stations man3' droves of 
 cattle ; and within a few da3'S were brought out of 
 the country two thousand muttons. Hai/ward. 
 
 A Spaniard is unacquainted with our northern 
 droves. Brou-u. 
 
 2. A number of sheep driven. To an /;«y/ 
 of oxen we regular!}' oppose, not a drove, 
 but a flock, of sheep. 
 
 A drove of sheep, or an hot d of oxen, may be 
 managed by any noise or cr^' which the drivers 
 shall accustom tlieiu to. South. 
 
 3. Any collection of animals. 
 
 The sounds and seas, with all their fimiy drove, 
 Now to the moon iu wavering morrice move. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 4. A crowd ; a tumult. 
 
 But if to fame alone thou dost pretend. 
 The miser will liis empty' palace lend, 
 Set wide with doors, adorn'd witll plated brass. 
 Where droves, as at a city-gate, may pass. 
 
 Drydens Juicnal. 
 
 Dro'ven. part, from drive. Not now 
 used. 
 
 D R O 
 
 This is fought indeed ; 
 Had we so done at first, we bad droven them home 
 With clouts about their beads. Shatcesp. 
 
 Dro'ver. n. s. [from drove.] One that 
 fats oxen for sale, and drives them to 
 market. 
 
 The prince bath got your hero. 
 I wish him joy of her. 
 — Why, that 's spoken like an honest dmver ; so 
 the^ sell bullocks. .Shale. Much ado about Nothing. 
 
 l he drover, who his fellow drover meets 
 In narrow passages of winding streets. Dryd. Juv 
 
 DROUGHT, n. s. [bpujobe, Sax.] 
 1. Dry weather; want of rain. 
 
 O earth ! I will befriend thee more with rain 
 Than youthful April shall with all his showers : 
 In summer's drought I'll drop upon thee still. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Great droughts in summer, lasting till the end oi 
 
 August, some gentle showers upon them, and then 
 
 some dry weather, portend a pestilent suminer the 
 
 year following. Bacon. 
 
 fo soutli the Persian bay. 
 And inaccessible th' Arabian drought. Millm. 
 
 As torrents in the drouth of suunuer fail, 
 
 So perish'd man from death shall never rise.. SantiuJ. 
 
 They were so learned in natural philosophy, 
 
 that they foretold earthquakes and storms, great 
 
 droughts, and great plagues. Temple. 
 
 In a drought, the thirsty creatures cry, 
 And gape upon the gather'd clouds for rain. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Upon a shower, after a drought, earthworms and 
 land-snails iriuumerable come out of tlicir lurking- 
 places, llau. 
 2. Thirst ; want of drink. 
 
 His carcase, pin'd with hunger and with drought. 
 
 Milton. 
 One, whose drought 
 Yet scarce allay 'ri, still eyes the current stream. 
 Whose liquid nuirmur heard new thirst excites. 
 
 Millon. 
 
 Drou'ghtiness. n. s. [from drongJity.] 
 
 The state of wanting rain. 
 Droughty, adj. [from drought.] 
 
 1. Wanting rain ; sultry. 
 
 That a camel, so patient of long thirst, should 
 be bred in such droughty and parched countries, 
 where it is of such eminent use for travelling over 
 those dr3' and sandy desarts where no water is to 
 be had, must be acknowledged an act of provi- 
 dence and design. Ray on the Creatio^i. 
 
 2. Thirsty ; dry with thirst. 
 
 If the former years 
 Exhibit no supjilies, alas! "thou must 
 With tasteless water wash thy droughty throat. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 To Drown, v. a. [from drunden below, 
 Ger. Skinner; from bjiuncnian. Sax. 
 Mr. Lye.] 
 
 1. To suffocate in water. 
 
 They would soon drown those that refused to 
 swim down tlie pofiular stream. ^ing Charles. 
 
 \Vhen of God s image only eight he found 
 Snatch'd from the wat ry grave, and sav'd from 
 nations drown d. Prwr. 
 
 2. To overwhelm in water. 
 
 Or 50 much as it needs 
 To dew the sovereign flow'r, and drown the weeds. 
 
 Shakesp 
 Galleys might be drowned in the harbour with 
 the great ordnance, before they could be rigcred. 
 Knotless History, 
 
 ■i. To overflow ; to bury in an inundation ; 
 to deluge. 
 
 Betwixt the prince and parliament we stand, 
 The barriers of the state on eitlKT hand : 
 BTay neither overflow, for then tlie3' drown the 
 land. Druden. 
 
 4. Toimmerge; to lose in any thing. 
 
 i\Iost men be'mg ill sensual pleasures (/riHcn'rf, 
 It seems their souls but in their senses are. Davies. 
 
 5. To lose in somethiiifr that overpowers 
 or covers. 
 
 SS2
 
 D R O 
 
 Wlio coracth next will not follow thai course, 
 however good, which hi? prt'decessors held, for 
 doubt to have his duiugs drowned in another man's 
 praise. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 That the brightness of the sun doth drown our 
 discerning of the lesser lights, is a popular errour. 
 
 Wotlon. 
 My private voice is drown'd amid the senate. 
 
 AddUon. 
 Some aged man who lives this act to see. 
 And who in former times remember'd me, 
 May say, tlie son, in fortitude and fame, 
 Outgoes the mark, and drowns his father's name. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Drown, v. n. To be suffocated in 
 the waters. 
 
 There be, tliat keep them out of fire, and yet 
 was never burned ; that beware of water, and yet 
 was never ni;;li drowning. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 Methought vvhat pain it was to drown .' 
 What dreadful noise of waters in my ears ! 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 To DROWSE. V. a. [droosen, Dut.] To 
 make heavy "vvith sleep. 
 
 Theie gentle sleep 
 First found me, and with soft oppression seJz'd 
 My drowsed senses uncontroil'd. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 To Drowse, v, n. 
 
 J. To slumber; to grow heavywith sleep. 
 
 Ail tlieir sliape 
 Spangled vvitli eyes, more numerous tlian those 
 Of Argus; and more wakeful than to drowse, 
 Charm'd with Arcadian pipe. Miltons Par. Lost. 
 
 2. To look heavy, not cheerful. 
 
 They ratlier drows'd and hung their eyelids 
 duwn, 
 Slept in his face, and render'd such aspect 
 As cloudy men use to their adversaries. 
 
 Shakes}). Henry VI. 
 
 Dro'wsily. adv. [from droivsj/,] 
 
 1. Sleepily; heavily; with an inclination 
 to sleep. 
 
 The air swarms thick with wand'ring deities. 
 Which drowsingty like humming beetles rise. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2, Sluggishly; idly; slothfully; lazily. 
 
 We satisfy our understanding with the first 
 things, and, thereby satiated, slothfully and drow- 
 sily sii duwn. Haleigh. 
 
 Dro'wsiness. n. s. [from drowsy.'] 
 
 1. Sleepiness; heaviness with sleep ; dis- 
 position to sleep. 
 
 What a strange drowsiness possesses them ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 In deep of night, when drowsiriess 
 Halh lock'd up mortal sense, then listen I 
 To the celestial syren's harmony. Milton. 
 
 What succour can I hope the muse will send. 
 Whose drowsiness hath wroug'd tlie muse's friend ? 
 
 Crashaw. 
 He passes his whole life in a dozed condition, 
 between sleeping and waking, with a kind of 
 drowsiness and confusion upon his senses. South. 
 He that frum his childhood has made rising be- 
 times familiar to him, will not waste the best part 
 of his life in drowsine^ and lying a-bed. Locke. 
 A sensation o( drowsiness, oppression, and lassi- 
 tude, are signs of a plentiful meal in young people. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Idleness; indolence; inactivity. 
 
 Tl falleth out well, to shake off your drowsiness ; 
 for it seemed to be the trumpet of a war. 
 
 Bacon's Holy War. 
 
 Dro'wsihed. n. s. Sleepiness; inclina- 
 tion to sleep. Obsolete, 
 
 The royal virgin shook off drowsthed ; 
 And rising forth oat of her baser boure, 
 Look'd for her knight. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Dro'wsy. adj. [from drowse.] 
 1. Sleepy; heavy with sleep; lethargick. 
 Drowsy am I, and yet can rarely sleep. Sidney. 
 
 D R U 
 
 Men are drowsy, and desirous to sleep, before 
 
 the fit of an ague, and do use to yawn and stretch. 
 
 Bacon s Xat. Hiti. 
 
 The flowers, call'd out of their beds, 
 Start and raise up their drowsy heads. Cleaveland. 
 
 Drunken at last, and drowsy, they depart 
 Each to his litnise. Dryden. 
 
 2. Heavy ; lulling ; causing sleep. 
 
 Sir Guyon, miiidfiil of his vows ypiiiiht, 
 Uprose from drowsy couch. I'airy Queen. 
 
 While thus she rested, on her arm reclin'd, 
 'Hie hoarv willows waving with the wind. 
 And featlier'd (piires tliat warbled in the shade, 
 And purling streams that through the meadow 
 
 stray d. 
 In drousu murmurs lulPd the gentle maid. Addison. 
 
 3. Stupid; dull. 
 
 Those inadvertencies, a l)ody would thrnk, even 
 our author, with all Iiis drowsy reasoning, could 
 never have been capable uf. Atterlntru. 
 
 To DRUB. I', a. [druber to kill, Dan]] 
 To thresh ; to beat ; to bang : to thump ; 
 to tliwack ; to cudgel. A word of con- 
 tempt. 
 
 He that is valiant, and dares fight, 
 Though drubb'd, can lose no honour by't. 
 
 Hudibi'os. 
 
 The little thief had been soundly drubbed with 
 
 a good honest cudgel. L'Kstrajige. 
 
 Though the bread be not mine, yet, if it had 
 
 been less thai weight, I should liaTe'been druhhed. 
 
 Lnckc. 
 
 Drub. n. $. [from the verb.] A thump ; 
 a knock ; a blow. 
 
 The blows and drubs I have rcceiv'd 
 Have bruis'd my body, and bereav'd 
 My limbs of strength. Hndibras. 
 
 By setting an unfortunate mark on their fol- 
 lowers, they have exposed them to innumerable 
 drubs and contusions. Addison. 
 
 To DRUDGE, r. n. [bpeccan to vex, Sax. 
 draghen, to carry, Dut.] To labour in 
 mean offices ; to toil without honour or 
 dignity ; to work hard ; to slave. 
 
 And to crack'd fiddle, and hoarse labour, 
 In merriment, did drudge and labour. Hndibras. 
 
 The poor sleep little : we must learn to watch 
 Our labours late, and early every morning. 
 Midst winter frosts ; tlien, clad and fcd with 
 
 sparing, 
 Rise to our toils, and drudge away the day. Otway. 
 
 Advantages obtained by industry, directed by 
 philosophy, can never be expected from drudgirtg 
 ignorance. GlanvilLe. 
 
 Soon he came to court, 
 Proflfering for hire his service at tlie gate. 
 To drudge, draw water, and to run or wait. Drijd. 
 
 I made no sucli bargain with you. to live always 
 drudging. Drijden's Dedication, 4-Eneid. 
 
 ^Vhat is an age, in dull renown drudged o'er ! 
 One little single hour of love is more. GranviUe. 
 
 Drudge, n. s. [from the verb.] One 
 employed in mean labour ; a slave ; or.e 
 doomed to servile occupation. 
 
 To conclude, this drudge of the devil, this di- 
 viner, laid claim to me. Shakesp. Comedy of Ejt. 
 
 He sits above and laughs the while 
 At thee, ordain'd his drudge, to execute 
 Whate'er his wrath shall bid. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Art thou our slave. 
 Our captive, at the publlck mill our drudge. 
 And darSt thou, at our sending and command, 
 Dispute thy coming ? Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 He is content to be their dnidge^ 
 And on their errands gladly trudge. Hndibras. 
 The hard master makes men serve him ft.>r 
 nought, who rewards his drudges and slaves with 
 nothing but shame, and sorrow, and misery. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 Dru'dger. n. s. [from drudge.] 
 
 1. A mean labourer. 
 
 2. The drudging-box ; the box out of 
 which flower is thrown on roast meat. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 D R U 
 
 Dru'dgery, n. s. [from drudge.] Mean 
 labour ; ignoble toil ; dishonourable 
 work; servile occupation. 
 
 My old dame will be undone for one to do her 
 husbandry and her drudgery. Shakcfp. 
 
 W ere there not instruments (or drudgery as well 
 as offices of drudgery ? Were there not people to 
 receive orders, as well as others to give and au- 
 thorise them } V Estrange. 
 
 You do not know the heavy grievances, 
 The toils, the labours, weary drudgeries, 
 Which they impose. &u(Acm'j Oro<mohf. 
 
 To thee that drudgery of pow'r I give ; 
 Cares be thy lot : reign though, and let me lir*. 
 
 Dryd&n. 
 Paradise was a place of bliss, as well as immor- 
 tality, without drudgery, and without sorrow. 
 
 Locke. 
 Even Drndgrry hi n\^c\f. 
 As at the car he sweats, or dusty hews 
 The palace stone, looks gay. ^liomson's Sammer. 
 It is now handled by every dirty wench, and 
 condemned to do her drudgery. 
 
 Swift's Meditations on a Broomstick. 
 
 Dru'dgingbox. n.s. [drudginscAml box.] 
 
 The box out of which floiu: is sprinkled 
 upon roast meat. 
 
 But if it lies too lung, the crackling's pall'd. 
 Not by the drudgingbox to be recali'd. 
 
 King's Coekeiy. 
 
 Dru'dgingly. adv. [from drudging.] 
 Laboriously ; toilsomely. 
 
 He does now all the meanest and trifiingest 
 things himse\( drudgingly, without making use nf 
 any inferiour or subordinate minister. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 DRUG. n. s. [drogue^ Fr.] 
 
 1. An ingredient used in physick ; a me- 
 dicinal simple. 
 
 A fleet descried 
 Hangs in the clouds, by equinoctial winds 
 Close sailing from Bengal, or the isles 
 Of Ternate and Tidore, wlience merchants bring 
 Their spicy drugs. Milton's Par. Lost, 
 
 Judicious [ihysick's noble art to gain. 
 He drugs and plants explor'd, alas ! in vain. Smith. 
 
 Bright Helen mix'd a mirth-inspiring bowl, 
 Teraper'd with drugs of sov'reign use, l' assuage 
 'i'he boiling bosom uf tumultuous rage. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 In the names of dnigs and plants, the roistaWe 
 ill a word may endanger life. 
 
 Baker s Rcfiectiims on Leaminf^. 
 
 2. It is used sometimes for poison. 
 
 Mortal drugs 1 have ; but Mantua's law 
 Is death to any he that utters them. Shakesp. 
 
 And yet no doubts the poor man's draught con- 
 troll ; 
 He dreads no poison in his homely bowl : 
 Then fear the deadly drug, when gems divine 
 Enchase the cup; and sparkle in tlie wine. Dryd. 
 
 3. Any thing vithout worth or value; 
 any thing of which no purchaser can be 
 found. 
 
 Each noble vice 
 
 Shall bear a pric*'^. 
 And virtue shall a drug become . 
 
 An empty name, 
 
 Vk'as all her fame, 
 But now she shall be dumb. Dryden s Albion. 
 
 4. A drudge. This seems the meaning 
 here. 
 
 He from his first swath proceeded 
 Thro' sweet degrees that this brief world aflTords, 
 To such as may llie passive drugs of it 
 Freely command. Shaktsp. 
 
 To Drug, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To season with ingredients^ commonly 
 medicinal. 
 
 The surfeited grooms 
 Do mock tiieir charge with snores.— I've drugg'd 
 
 their possets. 
 That death and nature do contend about them. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 583
 
 D R U 
 
 2. To tincture with something offensive. 
 Oft they assay'd. 
 Hunger and thirst constraining ; dru^g'd as oft 
 With liatefulest disrelish, wrilh'ci tlieir jaws 
 With soot and tijiders fillM. Uihon'i Far. Lost. 
 
 Drugget, n. «. A slight kind of 
 woollen stuff. 
 
 In (Iriiggi'ts Jrtat, of tliirtcen pence a-yard, 
 See Piiilip's son amidst liis Persian guard. Swift. 
 
 Drl'ggist. n. s. [from drug.] One who 
 sells physical drugs. 
 
 Cfiniinon nitre we bought at the dniggisCs. Bttyie 
 Dru'gster. n. s. [fromrfra^.] One who 
 sells physical simples. 
 
 Common oil of turpentine I bought at the 
 druo;sttTS. Boijlc. 
 
 'Iney set the clergy below their apotliecaries, 
 the jihy§ician of the soul below the drugsters of 
 the burly. Attcrbitry. 
 
 DRUM. n. s. [fromme, Dan. drumme, 
 
 Erse.] 
 
 1 . An instrument of militai-y musick, con- 
 sisting of \'ellum strained over a broad 
 hoop on each side, and beaten with 
 sticks. 
 
 Let's march without the noise of threatening 
 
 drums. Shakesp. 
 
 In dnuns, the closeness romid about, tliat pre- 
 
 serveth the sound from dispersing, maketh the 
 
 noise come fortli at the drum-hole far more loud 
 
 and strong than if you should strike upon the like 
 
 skin extended in the open air. Bticon. 
 
 Tears trickling down their breasts bedew the 
 
 ground. 
 
 And drums and trupraets mix their mournful sound. 
 
 Dryden, 
 Now no more the drum 
 Provokes to arms, or trumpet's clangor shrill 
 Affrights the wives, and chills the virgin's blood. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 2. The tympanum of the ear, or the mem- 
 brane which perceives the vibration of 
 the air. 
 
 To Drum. v. n. 
 
 1 . To beat a drum ; to beat a tune on a 
 drum. 
 
 2. To beat with a pulsatory motion. 
 
 Now, heart. 
 Set ope lh3' sluices, send the vigorous blood 
 Through every active limb for my relief; 
 'Then take thy rest within the quiet cell. 
 For thou sliaft drum no more. Dryden. 
 
 To Dru'mble. v. n. To drone; to be 
 sluggish. Hanmcr. 
 
 Take uj) these cloaths here quickly : wliere 's 
 the cowlstair? Look, how you drumblel carry 
 them to the landrcss in Datchet Rlead. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Dru'mfish. 7i. s. The name of a fish. 
 
 The under-jaw of the drnmfish from Virginia. 
 
 Tl oodward. 
 
 Drumma'jor. n. s. [drum and ma- 
 jor.] The chief drummer of a regi- 
 ment. 
 
 Such company may chance to spoil the swearing 
 And the drummajors oaths, of bulk unrul}'. 
 May dwindle to a feeble.— Cleaveland. 
 
 Dru'mmaker. n. s. [di-um and maker.] 
 He who deals in drums. 
 The drummaker uses it, and the cabinetmaker. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 Dru'mmer. n. s. [from drum.] He whose 
 office it is to beat the drum. 
 Drummer, strike up, and let us march away. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Here rows of drummers stand in martial file. 
 And with their vellum-thunder shake the pile. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Dru'mstick. n. s. [drum and stick.] 
 The stick with which a drum is beaten. 
 
 D R Y 
 
 Drunk, adj. [from drink.] 
 
 1. Intoxicated with strong liquor; ine- 
 briated. 
 
 Tills was the nrorn when issuing on tlie guard. 
 Drawn up in rank and file, they stood prepar'd 
 Of seeming arms to make a short assay ; 
 'J hen hasten to be drunk, the business" of the day. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 We generally conclude that man drunk, who 
 takes pains to te thought sober. Spectator. 
 
 2. Drenched or saturated witli moisture. 
 
 I will make mine arrows drunk with blood. 
 
 Deut. 
 Dru'nkard. n. s. [from drunk.] One 
 given to excessive use of strong liquors ; 
 one addicted to habitual ebriety. 
 
 Some blood drawn on me would beget opinion 
 Of my more fierce endeavour. I've seen drunkards 
 Do more than this in sport. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 JNIy bowels cannot hide her woes, 
 
 But, like a drunkard, I nnist vomit them. Shakesp. 
 
 Gud will nut take the drunkard's excuse, that 
 
 he has so long accustomed himself to intemperate 
 
 drinking, that now he cannot leave it off. South. 
 
 Dru'nken. adj. [from drink.] 
 
 1. Intoxicated with liquor ; inebriated. 
 
 O munstrous beast ! huw like a swine he lies ! 
 Sirs, I will practise on this drunken man. Shakesp. 
 
 Drunken meniraagine every tiling turnetii round; 
 they imagine that things come upon them ; they 
 see not well things alar ort'; (hose things that 
 they see near hand, they see out of their place, 
 nnci sometimes they see things double. Bacon. 
 
 2. Given to habitual ebriety. 
 
 3. Saturated with moisture. 
 
 Then let the earth be drunken with our blood. 
 
 Shakesj>. 
 
 4. Done in a state of inebriation. 
 When your carters, or 3'our waiting vassals. 
 
 Have done a drunken slaughter, and defac'd 
 Tile precious image of our dear Kedeenier, 
 You straight are on your knees for pardon, pardon. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 We should for honour take 
 The drunken quarrels of a rake. Swift. 
 
 Dru'nkenly. adv. [from drunken.] In 
 a drunken manner. 
 
 My blood already, like the pelican, 
 Hast thou tapt out, and drunkenly carous'd. Shak. 
 Dru'nkenness. n. s. [from drunken.] 
 
 1 . Intoxication with strong liquor. 
 
 Ever3' going off from our natural and common 
 temper, and our usual severity of behaviour, is a 
 degree of drunkenness. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 2. Habitual ebriety. 
 
 The Lacedemonians trained up their children 
 to hate drunkenness, by bringing a drunken man 
 into their company. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 3. Intoxication or inebriation of any kind ; 
 disorder of the faculties. 
 
 Passion is tlie drunkenness of the mind, and 
 therefore in its present workings not controllable 
 by reason. Spenser. 
 
 DRY. adj. [bpij, Sax.] 
 
 1. Arid ; not wet ; not moist. 
 
 If the pipe be a little wet on the inside, it will 
 make a aifi'ering sound from the same pipe dry. 
 
 Bacon. 
 When God said. 
 Be gather'd now, ye waters under heav'n. 
 Into one place, and let dry land apjiear! Milton. 
 
 Of turbid elements" the sport ; 
 From clear to cloudy tost, from hot to cold. 
 And dry to moist. Thomson. 
 
 2. Not rainy. 
 
 A dry JIarch and a dry Blay portend a whole- 
 some summer, if there be a showering April be- 
 tween. Bacon. 
 
 The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the 
 season. Addison. 
 
 :j. Not succulent ; not juicy. 
 
 I will drain him dry as hay ; 
 Sleep shall neither night nor day 
 
 DRY 
 
 Hang upon his penthouse lid : 
 
 He shall live a man forbid. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 4. Being without tears. 
 
 Dry mourning will decays more deadly bring. 
 As a north wind burns a too forward sprni" ; 
 Give sorrow vent, and let the sluices go. bryden 
 
 5. Tliirsty ; a-thirst. 
 
 So dry he was for sway. Shake.'ip. Tempest. 
 
 Void of a bulky charger near their lips, 
 \yilh which, in often interrupted sleep, 
 l^heir frying lilnod compels to irrigate 
 Their dry furr'd tongues. Phiiipi. 
 
 6. Jejune; barren; plain; unembellished; 
 without pathos ; without flowers. 
 
 As we should take care that our stile in writing 
 be neither dry nor empty, we should look aeain 
 it be not winding or wanton with far-felched"de- 
 scriptions :_ either is a vice. Ben Jonaon. 
 
 It remaiiietli to treat concerning ornaments 
 within or without the fabrick ; a piece not so dry 
 as the meer contemplation of proportions : and 
 therefore I hope therein somewhat to refresh both 
 the reader and myself. Wollon's Architecture. 
 
 That the fire burns by beat, is an empty di-y 
 return to the (juestion, and leaves us still iiin'orant. 
 
 Glamille. 
 
 It is a dry fable, with little or nothing in it. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Authority and friendship work upon some, dry 
 and sober reason works upon others. L'Estran<'e. 
 
 To clear up this theory, I was willing to tuy 
 aside dry suutilties with which the schools are 
 filled. _ Burnet's Theory. 
 
 These epistles will become less dry, and more 
 susceptible of ornament. Pope 
 
 7. Hard ; severe. [Drien anciently to 
 endure ; dree, Scottish.] 
 
 Of two noblemen, the one was given to scoff, 
 
 but kept ever royal cheer in his iioase, the oUier 
 
 would ask of those that had been at his table, was 
 
 there never a flout or dry blow given ? Bacon. 
 
 I rather hop'd I should no more 
 
 Hear from you o' th' gallanting score ; 
 
 For hard dry bastings us'd to prove 
 
 The readiest remedies of lore ; 
 
 Next a dry diet. Hudibras, 
 
 To Dry. v. a. 
 
 1. To free from moisture; to arefy ; to 
 exsiccate. 
 
 The meat was well, if you were so contented. 
 —I tell thee, Kate, 'twas burnt and dried away. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Heat drieth bodies that do easily expire, as 
 
 parchment, leaves, roots, and clay ; and so doth 
 
 time arefy. Bacm. 
 
 Herbs and flowers, if they be dried in the shade, 
 
 Qidriedm thehotsunasmaritirae,keep best. Bacon. 
 
 The running streams are deep : 
 See, they have caught the father of the flock. 
 Who dries his fleece upon the neighbouring rock. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To exhale moisture. 
 
 'Twas grief no more, or grief and rage were one 
 Within her soul : at last 'twas rage alone ; 
 Which, burning upwards in succession, dries 
 I'he tears that stood considering in her eyes. Dryd. 
 
 3. To wipe away moisture. 
 
 Thvn with her vest the wound she wipes and 
 dries. Denham, 
 
 See, at your blest returning. 
 
 Rage disappears ; 
 The widow'd isle in mourning 
 
 Dries up her tears. Dryden's Alhion. 
 
 4. To scorch with thirst. 
 
 Their honourable men are famished, and their 
 multitude dried up with thirst. Isaiali, v. 13. 
 
 5. To drain ; to exhaust. 
 
 Kash Elpenur, in an evil hour. 
 Dried an immeasurable bowl, and thought 
 P' exhale his surfeit by irriguous sleep, 
 Imprudent : him death's iron sleep opprest. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 6. To diy up. To deprive totally of 
 moisture ; to take all moisture away. 
 
 56^
 
 DRY 
 
 The water of tlie sea, wliicli formerly ciivercd it, 
 was in time exhaled and dried iqt by the sun. 
 
 Wmdward. 
 
 To Dry. v.n. To grow dry; to lose 
 moisture ; to be drained of its moisture. 
 
 Dry'eR. n. s. [from rf?-y.] That which 
 has the quality of absorbing moisture. 
 
 The ill effects of drinking are relieved by this 
 plant, which is a great dryer and opener, csjie- 
 cially bv perspiration. Temple. 
 
 Dry'eyed. adj. [flri/ and cyt.] Without 
 tears ; witliout weeping. 
 
 Sighl 50 dcfcirin what heart of rock could long 
 Dryeiied behold? .\dani could not, but wept. Milt. 
 
 Dry'ly. adv. [from drt/.] 
 
 1. Without moisture. 
 
 2. Coldly ; frigidly ; without affection. 
 
 The archduke, conscious to Inmsclf how drijlif 
 the king had been used by his council, did strive 
 to recover the king's affection. Bacon's lien. VII. 
 
 Wouldst thou to honour and preferments climb, 
 Be bold in mischief, dare some nrighty crime, 
 Which dungeons, death, or banishment deserves j 
 For virtue is but dryly juais'd, and starves. 
 
 Drydcns Ju vcnol. 
 
 3. Jejunely ; barrenly ; without ornament 
 or embellishment. 
 
 Some drijly plain, without invention's aid. 
 Write dullreceipts how poems may he made.Pope. 
 
 Dry'ness. Ji.s. [from drij.] 
 
 1. Want of moisture; siccity. 
 
 The Africans are concei^-ed to be peculiarly 
 scorched and torrified by the sun, by dryness of 
 tlie soil, from want and defect of water. 
 
 Brown's Vnl}f. E?t. 
 
 Such was the discord which did first disperse 
 Form, order, beauty, through tlie universe ; 
 "While dryness moisture, coldness heat resists, 
 AJl that we have, and that we are, subsists. 
 
 Vuiham. 
 
 The marrow supplies an oil for the inunction of 
 the bones and ligaments in the articulations, and 
 particularly of the ligaments, preserving tliem 
 horn dryness and rigidity, and keepsthem supple 
 and flexible. Hay on the Creation. 
 
 Is the sea ever likely to be eva|)orated by the 
 sun, or to be emjitied with buckets? Why then 
 must we fancy this impossible dryness, and then, 
 upon that fictitious account, calumniate nature ? 
 
 Bcntley. 
 
 2. Want of succulence. 
 
 IfhefiU'd 
 His vacancy with his voluptuousness. 
 Full surfeits, and the dryness of iiis bones. 
 Call on him for't. Sliakcsp. Antony and Clenp. 
 
 The difference of muscular flcsli depends upon 
 the hardness, tenderness, moisture, or dryness of 
 the fibres. Arbiithnot. 
 
 3. Want of embellishment ; want of pa- 
 thos ; jejuneness; barrenness. 
 
 Their new flowers and sweetness do as much 
 corruptas others drj/ness and squalor, if they chuse 
 not carefully. BenJonson. 
 
 Be faithful wliere the author excels, and para- 
 phrase where penury of fancy or dryness of ex- 
 pression ask it. Garth. 
 i. Want of sensibility in devotion ; want 
 of ardour; aridity. 
 
 It may be, that bv this dryness of spirit, God 
 intends to make us the more fervent and resigned 
 in our direct and solemn devotions, by the per- 
 ceiving of our weakness. Taylor. 
 
 Dry'nurse. n. s. [drt/ and nurse] 
 
 1. A woman who brings up and feeds a 
 child without the breast. 
 
 2. One who takes care of another ; with 
 some contempt of the person taken 
 care of. 
 
 Mrs. Qiiickly is his nurse, or his drvnurse, or his 
 eook. Of Ills laundry, his washer, and his wringer. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 Vol, I. 
 
 DUB 
 
 To Dry'nurse. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To feed without tlic breast. 
 
 As Ronuilus a wolf did rear, 
 So he wa's drynnrAd by a hear. Ilndihras. 
 
 Dry'shod. adj. [dry and shod.] With- 
 out wet feet ; without treading above 
 the shoes in tlie water. 
 
 He had embarked ua in such disadvantage, as 
 we could not return dryshnd. Sidm-y. 
 
 Dryshod to pass, she parts the floods in tway ; 
 And eke huge mn,nitains frum their native seat 
 She would command llicmstlves tu bearuway. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Has honour's fountain then suck'd back lite 
 stream ? 
 He ha*. : and hooting boys may dryshod [)ass, 
 And gatlier pebbles from the naked ford. Dryden. 
 
 Du'al. adj. [dnalis, Lat.] Expressing 
 the number two. 
 
 IVIodern languages have only one variation, and 
 so the Latin; but the Grt-tk and Hebrew have 
 one to signify two, aiui anollier to sit;nify more 
 than two; under one variation the noun is said to 
 be of the dual number, and unde the other of the 
 plural. Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 
 To DUB. IK a. [bubban zo fii&epe. Sax. 
 adduhba till riddara^ Islandick, to dub 
 a knight. Addubbuj in its primary 
 sense, signifies to strike^ knights being 
 made by a blow with the sword.] 
 
 1. To make a man a knight. 
 
 Knight, knight, good mother! Basilisco like. 
 What! I am dubb'd; I have it on m3' shoulder. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 The robes which the kings then allowed to each 
 
 knieht, when he was dubbed, of green, or burncl. 
 
 as tliey spake in tliat age, appcareth upon record. 
 
 Camden's Remains. 
 
 The king stood up under his cloth of state, took 
 the sword from tlie lord protector, and dubJied the 
 lord mayor of London knight. HaijwardonEd. VI. 
 
 2. To confer any kind of dignity, or new 
 character. 
 
 The jealous o'erworn widow and herself. 
 Since that our brother dubb'd lliem gentlewomen. 
 Are mighty gossips in this monarchy. Sfe. Jiic. IlL 
 
 He 
 Gave thee no instance why thou shouldst do 
 
 treason. 
 Unless to dub thee with the name of traitor. Shuk. 
 
 Women commence bv Cupid's dart, 
 As a king hunting dubs a liart. Cleaveland. 
 
 A plain gentleman, of an ancient family, is of 
 better r^uality than a new knight, though the rea- 
 son of his dubbing was meritorious. Collier on Pride. 
 O poet! thou hadst been discreeter. 
 Hanging the monarch's hat so high. 
 
 If thou hadst dubb'd tliy star a meteor, 
 That did but blaze, and rove, and die. Prior. 
 
 These demoni;icks let me dub 
 "With tlie name of legion club. Suijt 
 
 A man of wealth is dubb'd a man of worth ; 
 Venus shall give him form, and Anstis birth. Pope. 
 Dub. w. s. [from the verb.] A blow; a 
 knock. 
 
 As skilfui coopers iioop their tubs 
 With Lydian and with Plirygian dubs. Hiulibras. 
 DuBio'siTY. «. s. [from dubious,^ A 
 thing doubtful. A word not used. 
 
 Men often swallow falsities for truths, ilidnosities 
 fur certainties, feasibilities for possibilities, and 
 thini^s impossible for possible. Brnmis Vulg. Err, 
 
 DU BIOUS. adj. [dubrus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Doubting; not settled in an opinion. 
 
 2. Uncertain; that of which the truth is 
 not fully known. 
 
 No quick reply to (/u^foiisquc^lluns make. Dcu. 
 We also call it a dnbiousur duubtfui proposition, 
 when there arc no arguments on either side. 
 
 fl atts's Logiek. 
 
 3. Not plain ; not clear. 
 
 Satan with less toil, and now with ease 
 Wafts on the calmer wave, by dubious light. Milt. 
 
 DUG 
 
 4. Having the event uncertain. 
 
 His utmost pow'r witli adverse pow'r oppos'd. 
 In duhimis battle, on the plains uf licav'n. Milton. 
 
 Dubiously. tidi\ [from dubious.] Un- 
 certainly ; without any delermination. 
 
 Authors write often dubiously, even in matters 
 wherein is e.^peclcd a strict definitive truth. 
 
 Broum't Vulg. Err. 
 
 Almanack makers wander in generals, and Uxik 
 dubiously, and leave to the reader the business of 
 interpreting. Swijt. 
 
 Du'biousness. n,s. [from dubious.] Un- 
 certainty; dovibtfulness. 
 
 Slie .speaks with dubiousness, not witii the cer- 
 tainty of a goddess. Jiroome. 
 
 DU'iil'I'ABLE. adj, [from dubito, Lat.] 
 Doubtful ; uncertain ; what may be 
 doubted. 
 DuBiTATioN.n. 5. [dubitatio, L&U] The 
 act of doubting; doubt, 
 
 ftlany of the ancients denied tlic antipodes; but 
 the experience of our enlarged navigation can now 
 assert them beyond all dubitalifm. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Duhitation may be called a negative percejition ; 
 
 that is, when I perceive that what 1 see is not 
 
 what 1 would see. Greu. 
 
 DucAL. adj. [from duke.] Pertaining to 
 a duke : as, a ducal coronet. 
 
 Due AT. 71. s. [from duke.] A coin struck 
 by dukes : in silver, valued at about four 
 shillings and six-pence; in gold, at nine 
 shillings and six-pence. 
 
 I cannot instantly raise up tlie gross 
 Of full three thousand ducats. Shakesp. 
 
 There was one that died in debt : it was re- 
 ported where his creditors were, that he wjs 
 dead : one said, he hath carried five hundred 
 ducats uf mine into the other world. Bacon. 
 
 DUCK. n. s. [a7ias; duckcn, to dip, Dut.] 
 
 1 . A water-fowl, both wild and tajne. 
 
 The ducks, that licard the proclamation cried. 
 And fear'd a prosecution might betide, 
 Full twenty mile from town their voyage take, 
 Obscure in rushes of the liquid lake. Dryden. 
 
 Grubs, if you iind your land subject to, turn 
 ducks into it. Mo)-timcr s Hji^audry 
 
 2. A word of endearment, or fondness. 
 
 Will you buy any tape or lace for your cap, 
 ]\Iy dainty duck, my dear-a? Shuk Winters Tale. 
 
 3. A declination of the head ; so called 
 from the frequent aclion of a duck in 
 the water. 
 
 Back, shepherds, back ; enough your play 
 Till nest sunshine holvday ; 
 Here be without duck or nod, 
 Other trippings to be trod. 
 Of lighter toes, and such court guise 
 As mercury did first devise. Milton. 
 
 4. A stone thrown obliquely on the water, 
 
 so as to strike it and rebound. 
 
 Neither cross and pile, nor ducks and drakes, 
 arc quite so ancient as handy-dandv. 
 
 Arbut\not and Pcpe. 
 
 To Duck. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To dive under water a? a duck. 
 
 Tlie varlet saw, wlun to the flood he came, 
 How without stop or stay he fiercely leapt; 
 
 And deep himself he ducked in the same. 
 That in the lake his lofty crest was steept. 
 
 Fatry Q\ucn, 
 
 Let the labouring bark climb hills of seas 
 Olympus high, and duck again as low- 
 As hell 's from heaven. Shakap. OtkeUo 
 
 Thou art w ickedly devout ; 
 In Tiber (^(etiji^'' thrice by break of div. Drifdem. 
 
 2. To drop down the head, as a duck. 
 
 As some raw youth in country bred. 
 When at a ^-kirmish firjt he hears 
 The bullets whistling round his ears. 
 Will duck his head a>ide, will start. 
 And feel a trembling at his hearU Swift. 
 
 4F 5B5
 
 D U C 
 
 3. To bow low; to cringe. In Scottish 
 dui/k, or juyk, to make obeisanoe, is 
 still used. 
 
 I cannot flatter and lodk fair, 
 Smile in men's faces, smuotli, deceive, and cop. 
 Duck with French nods, and apisli courtesy. Siak. 
 
 The learned pate 
 Duels to the gul.ien fuol. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 To Duck. v. a. To put under water. 
 Du'cKER. U.S. [from duck.] 
 
 1. A diver. 
 
 2. A cringer. Diet 
 Du'cKiNGSTooL. V. s. [dtick and slool.] 
 
 .\ chair in which scolds are tied, and 
 put under water. 
 
 Siie in tile duckingsttwl slionld tal<e her seat, 
 Dre-it iilie lierself in a great chair of state. Dorset. 
 
 Reciaim tiie obstinately opprobious and virulent 
 women, and matte the duckingstool more useful. 
 
 AddUon's Freehcldcr. 
 
 Dugkle'gged. adj. [from duck and leg.] 
 Short lejjrred. 
 
 Ducklegg'd, short waisted, such a dwarf she is, 
 Thatsiie must rise on tiptoes for aliiss. Dn^d. Juv. 
 
 Duckling, n. s. [fromrfwcA:.] A young 
 
 duck; the brood of the duck. 
 
 Ducklings, though hatched and led by a hen, if 
 she brings ihem to the brink of a river or pond. 
 
 DUE 
 
 presently leave lier, and in they go. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Ev'ry morn 
 
 Amid the ducklings let her scatter corn. Gay^sPast. 
 
 Du'cKMEAT. 71. s, [duck and meat ; lens 
 
 palnstris.'\ A common plant growing 
 
 in standing waters. 
 
 To Ducko'y. v. a. [mistaken for c^fcoj/ ; 
 
 the decoy being commonly practised 
 
 upon ducks, produced the errour.] To 
 
 entice to a snare. 
 
 This fish hath a slender membranous strings 
 which he projects and draws in at pleasure, as a 
 serpent duth his tongue: with this he duckoyi 
 little fishes, and preys upon them. Grew. 
 
 Duco'y. w. s. Any means of enticing 
 and ensnaring. 
 
 Seducers have found it the most compendious 
 
 way to their designs, to lead captive silly women, 
 
 and make them the duchoys to their whole family. 
 
 Decay of' Piettf. 
 
 Du'CKSFOOT. n,s. Black snakeroot, or 
 
 Mayapple, 
 Du'cKWEED. 71. s. [duck and iveed.] The 
 
 same with duckmeat. 
 
 That we call rfnc/cu'ecii hath a leaf no bigger than 
 a thyme leaf, but of a fresher green; and putteth 
 forth a little string into the water, far from the 
 bottom. Bacon. 
 
 Duct. ??, *•. [ductus, Lat.] 
 J. Guidance; direction. 
 
 This doctrine, by fastening all our actions by a 
 fatal decree at the foot of God's chair, leaves no- 
 thing to us but only to obey our fate, to follow tlie 
 duct of the stars, or necessity of those irony chains 
 wiiicli we are born under. Hammond. 
 
 2. A passage through which any thing is 
 conducted : a term chiefly used by ana- 
 tomists. 
 
 A duct from each of those cells ran into the root 
 
 of the tongue, where both joined together, and 
 
 passed forward in one common duetto the tip of it. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 It was observed that the chyle, in the thoracic 
 duct, retained the original taste of the aliment. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 DUCTILE, adj. [ductilin, Lat.] 
 1 . Flexible ; pliable. 
 
 Thick woods and gloomy iiiglit 
 Conceal the happy plant from human sight : 
 One bough it bears ; but wond'rous to behold ! 
 The dttctile rind and leaves of radiant gold. 
 
 Vrijdens JEneid. 
 
 2. Easy to be drawn out into length, or 
 e.\panded. 
 
 All bodies ductile and tensile, as metals, that 
 will be drawn into wires ; wool and tow, that will 
 be drawn into yarn or thread ; have the appetite 
 of not discontinuing strong. Bacon. 
 
 Gold, as it is the purest, so it is the softest and 
 most ductile, of all metals. Dryden. 
 
 3. Tractable ; obsequious ; complying ; 
 yielding. 
 
 He generous thoughts instills 
 Of true nobility ; forms their ductile minds 
 To human virtues. Philips. 
 
 Their designing leaders cannot desire a more 
 ductile and easy people to work upon. Addis. Free. 
 
 Du'cTlLENESS. U.S. [i'rom ductile.] Flex- 
 ibility ; ductility. 
 
 I, \vhen I value gold, may think upon 
 The dnctileness, the application; 
 The wholesomeiicss, the itigenuity. 
 From rust, from soil, fnmi hre ever free. Dmuie. 
 
 Ducti'lity. n. s. [from ductile.] 
 
 1. Quality of suffering extension; flex- 
 ibility. 
 
 Yellow colimr and ductility are properties of 
 gold : they belong to all gold, but not only to 
 gold ; for saffron is also yellow, and lead is duc- 
 tile- _ Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Obsequiousness; compliance. 
 Du'dgeon. n.s. [dolch. Germ.] 
 
 1. A small dagger. 
 
 It was a serviceable dudgeon, 
 Either for iightijig or for drudging. Hudibras. 
 
 2. Malice; sullenness; malignity; ill will. 
 
 Civil dudgeon first grew high. 
 And men fell out (hey knew not why. Hudiln-as. 
 'I'he cackoo took this a little in dudgeon. VEstv. 
 DUE. adj. The participle passive of 
 OJve. [du, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Owed ; that which any one has a right 
 to demand in consequence of a compact, 
 or for any other reason. 
 
 There is due from the judge to the advocate 
 some commendation and gracing, where causes are 
 well handled and fair pleaded. There is likewise 
 due to the public a civil reprehension of ad vocates, 
 where there appeareth cunning, gross neglect, or 
 slight information. Bucon. 
 
 Mirth and cheerfuhiess are but tlie due reward 
 of innocency of life, More's Divine Dialogues. 
 
 A present blessing upon our fasts is neither ori- 
 ginally due from God's justice, nor becomes due 
 to us from his veracity. Smalridge's Sermons. 
 
 There is a respect due to mankind, which should 
 incline ever the wisest of men to follow innocent 
 customs. Watts. 
 
 2. Proper ; fit ; appropriate. 
 
 Opportunity may be taken to excite, in persons 
 attending on those solemnities, a due sense of the 
 vanity ofearthl^ satisfactions. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Exact ; without deviation. 
 
 You might see him come towards me beatin» 
 the ground in so due time, as no dancer can ob- 
 serve better measure. Sidney. 
 
 And Eve within, due at her hour prepar'd 
 For dinner savoury fruits. Miltoii. 
 
 4. • Consequent to ; occasioned or affected 
 by. Proper, but not usual. 
 
 The motion of the oily drops may be in part due 
 to some |)artial solution made by the vinous spi- 
 rit, which may tumble them to and fro. Boyle. 
 
 Due. adv. [from the adjective.] Exactly ; 
 directly ; duly. The course is due east, 
 or due west. 
 
 Like the Pontick sea. 
 Whose icy current, and compulsive course. 
 Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keepsduf on 
 To the Propoutick and tlie Hellespont. Shah. 0th. 
 
 Due. n.s. [from the adjective.] 
 1. That which belongs to one; that which 
 may be justly claimed. 
 
 DUE 
 
 My due from thee is this imperial crown. 
 Which, as immediate from thy place and blood. 
 Derives itself to jue. Shaketp. 
 
 The son of Duncan. 
 From whom this tyrant holds the due of birth. 
 Lives in the English court. Shake.':p. Macbeth. 
 
 I'liou better know'st 
 Effects of courtesy, dues of gratitude ; 
 Thy half o' th' kingdom thou hast not forgot. 
 Wherein I thee endow'd. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 The due of honour in no point omit. Shak.Cymb. 
 
 I take this garland, not as given by you. 
 But as my merit and my beauty's due. Dryden. 
 
 No popular assembly ever linew, or proposed, 
 or declared, what share of power was their due.SuiJt. 
 •2. Right ; just title. 
 
 The key of this infernal pit by due. 
 And by command of heaven's all-powerful king, 
 I keep. Miltmi's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Whatever custom or law requires to be 
 done. 
 
 Befriend 
 Us, thy vow'd priests, till outmost end 
 Of all thy dues be done, and none left out. Milim. 
 They pay the dead his annual dues. Dryden. 
 
 4. Custom; tribute; exactions; legal or 
 customary perquisites. 
 
 In respect of the exorbitant dncs that are paid 
 at most other ports, this deservedly retains the 
 name of free. " Addison. 
 
 To Due. v. a. [from the noun.] To pay as 
 due; perhaps for endoiv. It is perhaps 
 only in this single passage. 
 
 This is the latest glory of their praise. 
 That I thy enemy due tliee withal. Shakesp. 
 
 DU'EL. n. s. [duellum, Lat.] A combat 
 between two ; a single fight. 
 
 In many armies, if the matter should be tried 
 by rfuei between two champions, the victory 
 should go on the one side ; and j et, if it be tried 
 by the gross, go on the other sirle. Bacoti. 
 
 Dream not of j'our fight 
 As of a duel, or the local wounds 
 Of head or heel. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 'Twas I that wrong'd you; you my life have 
 sought ; 
 No duel ever was more justly fought. Waller, 
 
 To Du'el. v. n. [from the noun.] To fight 
 a single combat. 
 
 He must at length, poor man! die dully at 
 home, when here he miglit so fashionably and 
 genteelly have been duelled or fluxed into another 
 world. South. 
 
 The challenging and fighting with a man is 
 called duelling. Locke. 
 
 To Du'el. v. a. To attack or fight with 
 singly. 
 
 "Who single 
 Dueled their armies rank'd in proud array. 
 Himself an army, now unequal match 
 To save liimself against a coward arm'd. 
 At one spear's length. Milton's Agmtisles. 
 
 Du'eller. n. s. [from duel.] A single 
 combatant. 
 
 They perhaps begin as single duellers, but then 
 they soon get their troops about them. Dec. of Piety. 
 
 Du'ellist. n. s. [from dutl.] 
 I ' 
 
 A single combatant. 
 
 If the king ends the differences, the case will 
 fall out no worse than when two duellists enter the 
 field, where the worsted party hath his sword 
 again, without further hurt. Suckling. 
 
 Henceforth let poets, ere allow'd to write, 
 Be search'd like duellists before they fight. Dryd. 
 
 One who professes to stutly the rules 
 
 of honour. 
 
 His bought arms Mungnotlik'd ; for his first day 
 Of bearing them in field, he threw 'era away ; 
 And hath no honour lost, our duellists say. B. Jon. 
 
 DUELLO, n,s, [Ital.] The duel; the 
 rule of duelling. 
 
 The gentleman will, for his honour's sake, have 
 one bout with you ; he cannot b y the duello avoid 
 it. Shakesp, 
 
 586
 
 D U L 
 
 DUENNA, n. s. [Span.] An old woman 
 kept to guard a younger. 
 
 I felt the ardour of my passion increase as llie 
 season advanced, till in the munlh of July I could 
 no longer contain : I bribed lier duentta, was ad- 
 ni'iUed to the bdth, saw her undressed, and tiie 
 ■wouder displayed. Arbuthiwt and Pope. 
 
 Dug. «. s. [deggia to give suck, Islaji- 
 dick.] 
 
 1, A pap; a nipple; a teat: spoken of 
 beasts, or in malice or contempt of hu- 
 man beings. 
 
 Of her there bred 
 A thousand young ones, which she daily fed, 
 Suckiuii upon her poisonous dugs; each one 
 Of sundry sliape, yet all ill-favoured. Fairy Q. 
 They are first fed and nourished with the milk 
 of a strange dug. Raleigh's History. 
 
 Then shines the goat, whose brutish dugs sup- 
 plied 
 The infant Jove, and nurst his growing pride. 
 
 Creech . 
 
 2. It seems to have been used formerly of 
 the breast, without reproach. 
 
 It was a faithless squire tliat was the source 
 Of all my sorrow, and of these sad tears ; 
 
 With wliom, from tender du^ of common nourse, 
 At once 1 was up brought. Fairy Qtieen. 
 
 As mild and gentle as the cradle babe, 
 Dying w ith mother's dug between its lips. Skak. 
 
 Dug. prefer, and part. pass, of dig. 
 
 They had often found medals, and pipes of lead, 
 as they dug among the rubbish. Addison on Italy. 
 DUKE. 71. s. [due, Tr.ditx, Lat.] One of 
 the highest order of nobility in England, 
 in rank a nobleman next to the royal 
 family. 
 
 The duhe of Cornwall, and Regan his dutchess, 
 will be liere with him this knight. Shak. K. Lear. 
 
 Aurmarle, Surrey, and Exeter, must lose 
 The names of dukes, their titles, dignities, 
 And whatsoevei profits thereby rise. Dan. Civ. W. 
 
 Du'kedom. n. s. [from duke.] 
 
 1, The seigniory or possessions of a duke. 
 
 Her brother found a wife, 
 Where he himself was lost j Pros|>ero his dnkedom 
 In a poor isle. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The cardinal never resigned his purple for the 
 prospect of giving qn heir to the dukedom of Tus- 
 cany. Addison. 
 
 2. The title or quality of a duke, 
 
 Du'lbrained. adj. [dull and brain.] 
 Stupid; doltish; foolish. 
 
 This arm of mine hath chastis'd 
 The petty rebel, du/feram'd Buckingham. Shakesp. 
 
 Du'lcet. adj. [dulcis, Lat,] 
 
 1. Sweet to the taste; luscious. 
 
 From sweet kernels press'd. 
 She tempers dulcet creams ; nor these to hold 
 Wants she fit vessels pure. Milton. 
 
 2. Sweet to the ear; harmonious; melo- 
 dious. 
 
 I sat upon a promontory. 
 And heard a mermaid, on a dolphin's back. 
 Uttering such dulcet and liarnionious breath. 
 That llie rude sea grew civil at her song. Shake^. 
 
 A fabrick huge 
 Rose like an exhalation, with the sound 
 Of dulcet s^-mphonies, and voices sweet. Milton. 
 
 Dulcifica'tion. n. s. [from dulcify.] 
 The act of sweetening; the act of tree- 
 ing from acidity, saltness, or acrimony. 
 
 In colcothar, the exactest calcination, followed 
 by an exquisite duicijication, does not reduce the 
 remaining body into elementary eaith; fur after 
 the salt of vitriol, if the calcination have been too 
 faint, is drawn out of the colcothar, the residue is 
 not earth, but a mi vt body, rich hi medicaJ vir- 
 tues. Bouie. 
 
 D U L 
 
 To DULCIFY. V. a [dulcifier. Ft.] To 
 sweeten ; to set free from acidity, salt- 
 ness, or acrimony of any kind. 
 
 A dtcuctiuii of wild guurd, or cnlocynthis, 
 tliuiif^l) soiiiewliat qualififd, will nut from every 
 hand be dutcijieti uito alimtjiit, b^ an itdfiiljun <^f 
 flour or meal. Ih-vwn. 
 
 I dressed him with a pledgit, dipt in a tlutci/ieil 
 tinclure of vitriol. Wiseman's Surgeri^. 
 
 Spirit of wine dulcifies spirit of salt ; nitre or 
 vitriol have other had ert'ects. Arhiithnt'tonAiun. 
 
 Dulcimer, n. *. [dulcimello, Skhmtr.] 
 A musical instrument |)layed by striking 
 the brass wires with little sticks. 
 
 Ve hear the iound of the cornet, flute, harp, 
 sackbui, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of mu- 
 sick. ilon. iii. J. 
 
 To DULCORATE. v.a. [from dulcis, Lat.] 
 
 1. To sweeten. 
 
 'J'he ancients, for the dtilcoratins of fruit, do 
 commend swine's dung above all olherdung. Bac. 
 
 2. To make less acrimonious. 
 
 Turbitli mineral, as it is suld in the shops, is a 
 rough medicine ; but, being somewhat dulcorated, 
 fifdt prucureth vomiting, a>id then salivation. 
 
 Wiseman's Surgery. 
 Dulcora'tion. n. $. [from dulcorate.] 
 The act of sweetening. 
 
 Malt gathereth a sweetness to the taste, which 
 appearetji in the wort: iht^ dulcoration ui things 
 is worthy to be tried to the full ; for that dulcttrti- 
 tion iniporteth a degree to nourishment: and the 
 making of things inatimental to become alinienta], 
 may be an experiment of great ])rofit. Bacon. 
 
 Du'lhead. n. s. [dull and head.] A 
 blockhead ; a wretch foolish and stupid ; 
 a dolt. 
 
 This people be fools and dulheads to all good- 
 ness ; but subtle, cunning, and bold in any mis- 
 chief. Ascham. 
 
 DuLiA. U.S. [^aXiia.] An inferiour kinil 
 of adoration. 
 Paleoius saith, that the same worship which is 
 
 fiven to the prototy'pe may be given to the image ; 
 ut with the different degrees of latria and diilia. 
 
 StilUng/ieet. 
 
 DULL. adj. [dnl, Welsh ; bole. Sax. dol 
 mad, Dut.] 
 
 1 . Stupid ; doltish ; blockish ; unapprehen- 
 sive ; indocile ; slow of understanding. 
 
 Such is their evil hap to play upon dull spirited 
 men. Hooker. 
 
 He tliat hath learned no wit by nature, nor art, 
 may complain of gross breeding, or comes of a 
 very dull kindred. Shakesp. 
 
 Sometimes this perception, in some kind of 
 bodies, is far more subtile than the sense ; so that 
 tlie sense is but a dull thing in comparison of it. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Every man, even the dullest, is thinking more 
 than the most eloquent can teach him how to 
 utter. Vryden. 
 
 2. Blunt ; obtuse. 
 
 Meeiiiig with Time, Slack thing, said I, 
 Thy scytlie is dull ; whet it, for shame. Herbert. 
 
 3. Unready ; awkward. 
 
 Gynecia a great while stood still, with a kind of 
 
 dttii amazement, looking steadfastly upon her. Sid. 
 
 O help thou my weak wit, and suarpen niy dull 
 
 tongue. Fmry Queen. 
 
 Jleniory" is so necessary to all conditions of life, 
 
 tliat we are not to fear it should grow dull for want 
 
 of exercise, if exercise would make it stronger. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Hebetated; not quick. 
 
 This people's heart is waxed gross, and their 
 ears are dull of hearing. Mattk. xiii. 15. 
 
 The princess of Germany had but a dull fear of 
 the greatness of Spain, upon a general apprehen- 
 sion; now that fear is sharpened and pointed. 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 5. Sad ; melancholy. 
 
 6. Sluggish ; hea\y ; slow of motion. 
 
 D U I. 
 
 Thenceforth the waters waxedduM and slow. 
 And all that drunk tliereuf did faiut and feeble 
 grow Spentcr. 
 
 7. Gross; cloggy; vile. 
 
 Sl'>e excels each mortal thing 
 Upon the dii// earth dwelling. 
 
 Skakcsp. Tun Gentlemen <f Vernna. 
 
 8. Not exhilarating ; not delightfiJ: as, to 
 make dictiouarits i.sdull work. 
 
 9. Not bright ; as, the mirror is duJl, t/u 
 Jire is dull. 
 
 I'll not be made a soft and duU-ejed fool. 
 To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield 
 To christian intercessors. Shak. Merch. of' Venice. 
 10- Drowsy; sleepy. 
 
 To Dull. v.u. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1 . To stupify ; to infatuate. 
 
 So was she duUed with all. that we could come 
 so near as to hear her speeches, and yet she not 
 perceive the hearers of her lamentations. Sidney. 
 
 Those tirugs she has 
 Will stupify and riu/Uhe sense awhile, Siuik.Cymb. 
 
 2. To blunt ; to obtund. 
 
 Borrowing dulls the edge of industry. SliaKesp. 
 
 This entrance of the Cattle did wltei the cou- 
 rage of the Spaniards, though it duUed their 
 swords. Bacon. 
 
 3. To sadden ; to make melancholy. 
 
 4. To hebetate ; to weaken. 
 
 Now forc'd to ove-flow with brackish tears, 
 The troublous noise did diiU their dainty ears. ipni. 
 
 Nothing hath more dulled the witi, or taken 
 away the will of children from ieaining,than care 
 in making of Latin. Ascham. 
 
 5. To damp ; to clog. 
 
 Prayers were short, as if daits thrown out with 
 a sudden quickness, lest that vigilant and erect 
 attention of mind, which in prayer is very neces- 
 sary, should be wasted or dulled through continu- 
 ance. Hooker. 
 
 In bodies, union strengtheiielh and cherishelh 
 any natural action ; and, on the other side, weak- 
 eneth and dullctk any violent impression ; and even 
 so is it of minds. _ BoctfM. 
 
 6. To make heavy, or slow of motion. 
 
 Usury dulls and damps all industries, wherein 
 money would be stirring, if it were not for the 
 slug. Bacon. 
 
 7. To sully brightness. 
 
 The breath dulls the mirrour. Bacon. 
 
 Du'llard. n.s. [h-om dull.] .A block- 
 head ; a dolt ; a stupid fellow ; a dunce. 
 
 What ! mak'st thou nie a dullard in this .icl.' 
 Wilt thou not speak to mef Shakesp. C>imb(line. 
 
 Thou must make a dullard of the world, 
 If they not thought the profits of my death 
 Were very pregnant and potential spurs 
 To make thee seek it. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Dully, adv. [from dull.] 
 
 1. Stupidly; doltishly. 
 
 It is not suflicient to imitate nature in everjr 
 
 circumstance dully, literally, and meanly ; but it 
 
 becomes a painter' to take what is most beautiful. 
 
 Drydcn's Dufresnov. 
 
 2. Slowly ; sluggishly. 
 
 The air, if it he niois't, dotli in a degree quench 
 the flame, and howsoever roakcth it burn more 
 dullii- Bacon. 
 
 3 . Not vigorously ; not gaily ; not brightly ; 
 
 not keenly. 
 
 Not that 1 think those pantomimes, 
 Who vary action with the tmies. 
 Are less ingenious in their art 
 Than those who dully act one part. Hudibras. 
 
 Du'lness. «. s. [from dull.] 
 1. Stupidity ; weakness of intellect ; indo- 
 cility ; slowness of apprehension. 
 
 Nor is the dulnfss of the scholar to extinguish, 
 but rather to inflame, the charity of the teaclier. 
 
 Soudu 
 Shadwel alone my perfect image be.irs, 
 Mature in diWness from bis tender years. Drydeu. 
 
 587
 
 D U M 
 
 2. Want of quick perception. 
 
 Nature, by a continual use of any tiling, grow- 
 eth to a satiety and dulness either of ai)pelite or 
 working. Bacon. 
 
 3. Drowsiness ; inclination to sleep. 
 
 Here cease more questions ; 
 Th ;j art inclin'd to sleep. ' J'is a good dulness, 
 And give it way. _ Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 4. Sluggishness of motion, 
 .'i. Dimness ; want of lustre. 
 G. Hluntness ; want of edge. 
 Duly. adv. [from due.] 
 
 1 . Properly ; fitly ; in the clue manner. 
 
 Ever since they firmly have retained, 
 And duly well observed his beheast. Spenser. 
 
 I\Iy pra^'ers 
 Are not words duly halIow'd,nor my wishes 
 Wore worlli than vanities ; yet prayers and wishes 
 Are all 1 can return. Shakesp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 In the body, when the principal parts, as the 
 heart and liver, do their oflfices, and all the infe- 
 riour smaller vessels act orderly and didtf, there 
 arises a sweet enjoyment upon the whole, which 
 we call health. Smth. 
 
 If attention be duly engaged to those re6ections, 
 they cannot fail of influence. Rogers. 
 
 2. Regularly ; exactly. 
 
 Seldom at church, 'twas such a busy life ; 
 But duly sent his family and wife. Pope. 
 
 DUMB. adj. [CiTthe was silent ; dumbs, 
 Gothick; bumhe, Sax. dttm, Danish; 
 dom, Dut. dull.] 
 
 1 . Mute ; incapable of speech. 
 
 It hath pleased himself sometime to unloose the 
 very tongues even of dumb creatures, and to teach 
 them to plead in their own defence, lest the 
 cruelty of man should persist to afflict them. 
 
 Hooker. 
 They spake not a word ; 
 But like dumb statues or unbteathing stones, 
 Star'd each on other. Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 Some positive terms signify a negative idea ; 
 blind implies a privation of sight, dumb a denial 
 of speech. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Deprived of speech. 
 
 They sung no more, or only sung his fame ; 
 Struct dumb, they all adrair'd tlie godlike man. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Mute ; not using words. 
 
 He is a pro|ier man's picture ; but, alas ! who 
 can converse with a dumb show ? 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 His gentle dumb expression turn'd at length 
 The eye of Eve to mark his play. Milton. 
 
 Her humble gestures made tlie residue plain. 
 Dumb eloquence persuading more than speech. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 For he who covets gain in such excess 
 Does by dumb signs himself as much express, 
 As if in words at length he show'd his ranid. 
 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 Nothing is more common than for lovers to 
 complain, relent, languish, despair, and die in 
 dumb show. Addison. 
 
 4. Silent ; refusing to speak. 
 
 'I'he good old seer withstood 
 Th' intended treason, and was dumb to blood j 
 Till tir'd with endless clamours, and pursuit 
 Of Ithncus, he stood no longer mute. Dryd. ^n. 
 Du'mbly. adv. [from dumb.'] Mutely; 
 
 silently ; without words. 
 Du'mbness. U.S. [from dumb.] 
 I. Incapacity to speak. 
 '2. Omission of speech ; muteness. 
 
 There was sfieech in their dumbness, language in 
 their very gesture ; tliey looked as they had heard 
 of a world ransomed, or one destroyed. 
 
 Shakesp. Winter^s Tale. 
 To th' dumbness of the gesture 
 One miglit interpret. Shak. Timon of Athens. 
 
 3. Refusal to speak ; silence. 
 
 'Tis love, said she ; and tlien ray downcast eyes. 
 And guilty diimtuess, witness'dmy surprize, th-yd. 
 
 DUN 
 
 To Du'mbfound. v,a. [from dumb,] To 
 confuse ; to strike dumb. A low phrase. 
 
 They had like to have dumjounded the justice ; 
 but liis clerk curne in to his assistance. Spectator. 
 
 DUMP. «. s. [from dom stupid, Dut.] 
 1. Sorrow; melancholy; sadness. 
 
 Sing no more ditties, sing no more 
 Of the dumps so dull and heavy ; 
 The feuds of men were ever so, 
 
 Since summer first was leafy. Sh. Much Ado. 
 \ isit by night your lady's cliamber window 
 With some sweet consort ; to their instruments 
 Tune a depioiin'e dump: the niglit's dead silence 
 Will well become such sweet complaining griev- 
 ance. Shakesp. 
 Funerals with stately pomp 
 March slowly on in solemn dump, Hudibras. 
 The squire who fought on bloody stumps. 
 By future bards bcwail'd in doleful nump5. 
 
 Gay's Pastorals. 
 
 Absence of mind ; reverie, hockt uses 
 dumps singularly. 
 
 This shame dumps cause to well-bred people, 
 when it carries them away from the company. 
 
 "Locke. 
 
 Du'mpish. adj, [frorarfwrnp.] Sad;me- 
 lanclioly; sorrowful. 
 
 New year, forth looking out of Janus' gate, 
 Doth seem to promise hope of new delight; 
 
 And bidding th' old adieu his passed date 
 Bids all old thoughts to die in dumpish spi^ht. 
 
 openser. 
 
 The life which 1 live at this age is not a dead, 
 dujnpish, and sour life ; but cheerful, lively, and 
 pleasant. 
 
 Dumpling, n.s. [from rfwwj/?, heaviness.] 
 
 A sort of puddino^. 
 Pudding and ditmpting burn to pot. Dryden. 
 Dun. adj, [t5un. Sax.] 
 
 1, A colour partaking of brown and black. 
 
 We are nut to expect a strung and full white, 
 such as is that of paper ; but some dusky obscure 
 one, such as might arise from a mixture of light 
 ami darkness, or from white and black, that is, a 
 grev, or dun, or russet brown. Newtoii's Opticks. 
 
 2. Dai'k; gloomy. 
 
 Come, thick night! 
 And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. Shak. 
 
 He then survey'd 
 Hell and the gulnh between, and Satan there 
 Coasting the wall of heaven on this side, 
 In the (/T(7i air sublime. Mdtons Par. Lost. 
 
 To DUN. v.a. [bunan, Sax. to clamour.] 
 To claim a debt with vehemence and 
 importunity. 
 
 Burrow of thy back, and borrow of thy belly : 
 they'll never ask thee again. I shall he dunning 
 thee every day. Bacon. 
 
 When thou dunnst llieir parents, seldom they. 
 Without a suit before the tribune pay. Dryd.Juv. 
 I remember what she won: 
 
 And hath she sent «o soon to dun ? Swift. 
 
 Dun. 71. s. [fi-om the verb.] A clamorous, 
 importunate, troublesome creditor. 
 
 Thus, while ni}' joyless minutes tedious flow. 
 With looks demure, and silent pace, a dun. 
 Horrible monster ! hated by gods and men. 
 To my aerial citadel ascends. Philips. 
 
 It grieves my heart to be pulled by the sleeve 
 by some rascally dun — Sir, remember ray bill. 
 
 Arbuthnot's John Bull. 
 
 Dunce, w.s. [A Avord of uncertain ety- 
 mology ; perhaps from dum^ Dutch, 
 stupid.] A dullard ; a dolt ; a thick- 
 scull ; a stupid, indocile animal. 
 
 Dunce at the best, in streets but scarce allow'd 
 To tickle, on thy straw, the stupid crowd. Dryd. 
 
 Was Epiphanius so great a dunce to imagine a 
 thing, inditierent in itself, ihould be directly op- 
 posite to the law of God ? Stilling fleet. 
 
 I never knew this town without dunces of tigure, 
 who had credit enougli to give rise to some new 
 word. Swift. 
 
 D U N 
 
 DUNG. n. s. [bmeg, Sax.] The excre- 
 ment of animals used to fatten ground. 
 
 For dung, all excrements are the refuse and pu- 
 trefactions of nourishment. Bacon s Nat. Hint. 
 
 I Judge the likeliest way to be the perforation of 
 the body of the tree in several places, one above 
 the other; and the filling of the holes with dung, 
 mingled witti the medicuie; and the watering of 
 those lumps u(dung with squirts of an infusion of 
 the medicine in dunged water, once in three or 
 four days. Bacon's Nat. Hitt. 
 
 For when from herbs the pure part must be won. 
 From gross by 'stilling, this is better done 
 13y despis'd dung than by the fire or sun. Donne. 
 He soon would learn to think like me. 
 
 And bless bis ravish'd eyes to see 
 
 Such order from confusion sprung. 
 
 Such gaudy tulips rais'd from dung. Swift. 
 
 To Dung. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 manure with dung. 
 
 It was received of old, that dunging of grounds 
 when the west wind bloweth, and in the decease 
 of the moon, doth greatly help. Baam's Nat. Hist 
 
 There as his dream foretold, a cart he found. 
 That carried compost forth to dung the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Du'ngeon. n.s. [from donjon, the tower 
 in which prisoners were kept, whence 
 all prisons eminently strong were in 
 time called dungeons.] A close prison : 
 generally spoke of a prison dark or sub- 
 terraneous. 
 
 Then up he look the slumbered senseless corse. 
 And, ere he could out of his swoon awake. 
 
 Him to his castle brought with hasty force. 
 And in adungeon deep him threw without remorse. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 We know not that the king of heav'ii hath 
 doom'd 
 This place our dungeon ; not our safe retreat 
 Beyond his potent arm. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Now from the north 
 Of Norumbeque, and the Samoed shore. 
 Bursting their brazen dungetm, arm'd with ice. 
 And snow, and iiail, come stormy gust and fiaw. 
 
 Miltm. 
 
 By imagination, a man in a dungeon is capable 
 ofentertaininghimself with scenes and landscapes, 
 more beautiful than any that can be found in the 
 whole c<uii|tass of nature. Addison, 
 
 DuNGFORK. n. s. [dung and fork.] A 
 fork to toss out dung from stables. 
 
 Dnngfin-ks ai\(.\ paddles are common every where. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Du'nghil. n.s. [dung and hilL] 
 
 1. An heap or accumulation of dung. 
 
 I, his brother, gain nothing under him but 
 growth ; for the w hich liis animals on his dunghils 
 are as much bound to him as I. 
 
 Shaktsp. As yon like it. 
 
 Two cocks fousht a duel for the mastery of a 
 dunghil. " L'Estrange. 
 
 Never enter into a league of friendship with an 
 ingrafeful person ■, that is, plant not thy friendship 
 upon a dunghil: it is too noble a plant for so base 
 a soil. Smth. 
 
 The dunghil having raised a huge muhsroom of 
 short duration, is now spread to enrich other men's 
 land. _ Suift. 
 
 2. Any mean or vile abode. 
 
 Perhaps a thousand other worlds, that lie 
 Remote from us, and latent in the sky. 
 Are lighteu'd by his beams, and kindly nurst. 
 Of which our earthly dunghil is the worst. Dryd. 
 
 3. Any situation of meanness. 
 
 The poor he raiseth from the dust, 
 Ev'n from the dunghil lifts the just. Sandyi. 
 
 4. A term of reproach for a man meanly 
 
 born. 
 Out, dunghil! dar'st thou brave a nobleman ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Du'nghil. nrf/. Sprung from the dung- 
 hil : mean ; low ; base ; vile ; worthless. 
 
 His diingkil thoughts, w hich do themselves enure 
 To dirty dross, no higher dare aspire. Spen. on L<t«. 
 
 588
 
 D U P 
 
 Du'ngy. a(//. [from du7ig.] Full of dung; 
 mean ; vile ; base ; low; odious ; worthless. 
 
 We need no grave to bury honesty ; 
 Tliere 's not a grain of it. the face to sweeten 
 Ot the whole dungy earth, Shak. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Du'ngyard. w. s. [dung and yard.] The 
 place of the dunghil. 
 
 Any manner of vegetables cast into the dung 
 yard. Mortimer. 
 
 Du'nner. n. s. [from dtm.] One em- 
 ployed in soliciting petty debts. 
 
 They are ever talking of new silks, and serve 
 the owners in getting them customers, as their 
 cunmion dunner^ do in making them pay. Sped. 
 
 Duode'cuple. adj. [duo and decup/us, 
 Lat.] Consisting of twelves. 
 
 Grisepsins, a learned Polander, endeavours to 
 establish the diwdecuple proportion among the 
 Jews by comparing some passages of scripture 
 together. Arbnthnot on Ci^ins. 
 
 DUPE. n. s. [dupe, Fr. from duppe, a 
 foolish bird, easily cauglit.] A credu- 
 lous man ; a man easily tricked. A mo- 
 dern word hardly established. 
 
 Ar usurping populace is its own dupe, a mere 
 underwurker, and a purchaser in trust for some 
 sinsle tyrant. Swift. 
 
 First slave to words, then vassal to a name, 
 Then dupe to party ; child and man the same. Dune. 
 To Dupe. e.a. [from the noun.] To 
 trick ; to cheat. 
 
 Tlie throne a bigot keep, a genius quit ; 
 Faithless Ihrotigh piety, and dup'd through wit. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Du'PLE. adj. [duplus, Lat.] Double; 
 
 one repeated. 
 To DUPLICATE, v. a. [duplico, Lat.] 
 
 1. To double; to enlarge by the repeti- 
 tion of the first number or quantity. 
 
 And some alterations in the brain duplicate that 
 which is hut a single object to our undistempered 
 sentiments. Gianville. 
 
 2. To fold together. 
 Du'PLlCATE. adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 Duplicate proportion is the proportion of squares. 
 Thus, in a rank of geometrical proportions, the 
 first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate 
 ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is 
 to the square of the second ; so in 2, 4, 8, 16, the 
 ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or 
 as the square of 2 to the square of 4. 
 
 Phillips. Harris. Baiky. 
 
 It has been found, that the attraction is almost 
 reciprocally in a duplicate proportion of the dis- 
 tance of the middle of the drop from the concourse 
 of the glasses, viz. reciprocal/^' in a simple pro- 
 portion, by reason of the spreading of the drop, 
 and it^ touching each glass in a larger surface ; and 
 again reciprocally in a simple pro|)ortion, by rea- 
 son of the attractions growing stronger withm the 
 same quantity of attracting surface. Xcu-tons Opt. 
 
 Duplicate. n..s. Another correspond- 
 ent to the first; a second thing of the 
 same kind, as a transcript of a paper. 
 
 Nothing is more needful for perfecting the na- 
 tural history of bodies, than the subjecting them 
 to the fire ; to which end I have reserved duplicates 
 of the most considerable. M'lwdu-ard. 
 
 Duplica'tion. n. s. [from duplicate.] 
 
 1. The act of doubling. 
 
 What great pains hath been taken concerning 
 the quadrature of a circle, and the duplication of a 
 cube, and some oilier mathematical problems. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. The act of folding together. 
 
 3. A fold ; a doubling. 
 
 The neritonseura is a strong membrane, every 
 where double ; in the duplications of » hich all the 
 viscera of the abdomen are hid. ]Visemnn's Surg. 
 
 Du'PLicATURE. n. s. [from duplicate.] 
 A fold ; any thing doubled. 
 
 D U R 
 
 The lympbeducts, either dilacerated or ob- 
 structed, exonerate themselves into the foldings, 
 or between the dtiplicatures of the membranes. 
 
 Ray im the Creation. 
 
 DupLi'ciTY. n. 8. [duplicis, Lat.] 
 
 1 , Doubleness ; the number of two. 
 
 This duplicity was ill contrived to place one 
 head at both extremes, and had been more tole- 
 rable to Iiave set three or four at one. 
 
 Brou-n's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Do not atfcct duplicities nor triplicilies, nor any 
 
 certain numberof parts. In your division of things. 
 
 Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. Deceit; doubleness of heart or of tongue. 
 DuRABi'LiTY. n.s. [diirahiUs, Lat.] The 
 
 power of lasting; continuauce; endur- 
 ance. 
 
 Stones, though in dignity of nature inferior 
 unto plants, yet exceed them in firmness of 
 strength, or durability of being. Hooker. 
 
 Our times upon the earth have neither certainty 
 nor duralnlity. Raleigh's History 
 
 DURABLE. adj\ [durahiUs, Lat.] 
 L Lasting; having the quality of long 
 continuance. 
 
 The bones of his body we may compare to the 
 hard rocks and stones, and therefore strong and 
 durable. Raleigh's History. 
 
 With pins of adamant. 
 And chains, they made all fast ; too fast they made. 
 And diirafde .' Milton s Far. Lost. 
 
 The glories of lier majesty's reisn ouglit to he 
 recorded in words more durable than brass, and 
 such as our posterity may read a thousand years 
 lience. Swi/t. 
 
 2. Having successive existence. 
 
 Time, though in eternity, applied 
 To motion, measures all things durable 
 By present, past, and future. Milton. 
 
 Du'rableness. It. s. [from durable.^ 
 Power of lasting ; continuance. 
 
 The ditVerent consistence and durableness of tlie 
 strata wiiereof they consist, are mure or less. Woodw. 
 
 A bad poet, if he cannot become immortal by 
 the goodness of his verse, may by the durableness 
 of the metal that supports it. Add. onAnc. Med. 
 
 Du'rably. adv. [from durable,] In a 
 lasting manner. 
 
 There indeed he found his fame flourishing, his 
 
 moninueiits engraved in raarble, and yet more 
 
 durably in men's memories. Sidney. 
 
 Du'rance. w. s. [from duresse, law, Fr,] 
 
 1. Imprisonment; the custody or power of 
 a jailor ; a prison. 
 
 Thy Dul, and Helen of th3' noble thoughts. 
 Is in base durance and contagious prison; 
 Haul'd ihilher by mechanick dirty hands. Shah. 
 A poor, innocent, forlorn stranger, languishing 
 in durance, upon ihe false accusations of a lying, 
 insolent, whi rlsh woman. South. 
 
 There's neither iron bar nor gate, 
 Portciillis, chain, nor bolt, nor grate ; 
 And yet men dnrance there abide, 
 In dungeons scarce three inches wide. Hudib. 
 Notwithstanding the warning and example be- 
 fore me, I connnit myself to lasting durance. 
 
 Congreve's Old Bachelor. 
 
 2. Endurance ; continuance ; duration. 
 A doubtful word. 
 
 Sick nriture at that instant trembled round, 
 And mother earth sigh'd as she fdt the wound ; 
 Of how short dunince was this new made state ! 
 How far more mighty than heav'n's love, hell's 
 hate ! ^ Dryden. 
 
 Dura'tion. ft.s. [duratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A soi't of distance or length, the idea 
 whereof we get, not from the perma- 
 nent parts of space, but from the fleet- 
 ing and perpetually perishing parts of 
 succession. Locke, 
 
 2. Power of continuance. 
 
 Dura (ion is a circumstance so essential to hap- 
 piness, that if we conceived it possible for the joys 
 
 D U S 
 
 of heaven itself to pass from us in an instant, we 
 should find ourselves not much concerned for the 
 attainment of them. Rogers. 
 
 3. Length of continuance. 
 
 Aristotle, by greatness of action, does not only 
 
 mean it shoufd he great in its nature, but also in 
 
 its duration; that it should have a due Ien;:tri in it. 
 
 Addisnns Spectator. 
 
 To DURE. V. n. [duro Lat.] To last ; to 
 continue; to endure. 
 
 The delights and pleasures of the world are 
 most pleasing while they dure. Raleigh's History. 
 
 Du'reful. adj. [from endure and full.] 
 Lasting ; of long continuance ; durable. 
 Not in use. 
 
 The dureful oak, whose sap is not yet dried, 
 Is long ere it conceive the kindling fire ; 
 
 But when it once doth burn, it doth divide 
 Great heat, and makes his flames to heav'n aspire. 
 
 Spenur. 
 
 Du'RELESS. adj. [from dure.] Without 
 continuance ; fading ; transitory ; short. 
 Not ill use. 
 
 Yet were that aptitude natural, more inclinable 
 lo follow and embrace the false and dureless plea- 
 sures of this stage-play world, than to become tlie 
 shadow of God. Rjileigh's History, 
 
 DURESSE, n. s. [Fr. hardship ; seve- 
 rity.] 
 
 l.linprisonment; constraint; confinement. 
 
 2. [In law.] \ plea used, by way of ex- 
 ception, by him who, being cast into 
 prison at a man's suit, or otherwise by 
 threats, beating, &c. hardly used, seals 
 any bond to him during his restraint. 
 This tlie law holds as invalid, and sup- 
 poses to be constrained. Cowell. 
 
 During, pnp. [Tliis word is rather a 
 participle from dure; as, durinp: life, 
 durante ills, life continuing ; duri/tg 
 my pleasure, my pleasure continuing 
 the same.] For the time of the conti- 
 nuance of; while any thing lasts. 
 
 If during his childhood he be constantly and ri- 
 gorously kept from drinking cold liquor whilst he 
 fs hot, forbearance grows into a habit. Locke. 
 
 Du'rity. n. s. [durete, Fr. durus, Lat.] 
 
 Hardness; firmness. 
 
 Ancients did burn fragments of marble, which 
 in time became marble again, at least of indissolu- 
 ble durilu, as appcarclh in the standing theatres. 
 U'ortim's .-Irchitecture. 
 
 Irradiancy or sparkling, found in many gems, 
 is not discoverable in this ; for it coineth shjrt of 
 their compactness and durity. Broun's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Durst. The preterite of rfare. 
 
 The Christiiuis liunt have no images of the De- 
 ity, bcc.iuse they would rather die tlian defile 
 themselves with such an impiety. Stillingfieet. 
 DUSK., adj. [duyster, Diit.] 
 L Tending to darkness. See Dusky. 
 2. Tending to blackness ; dark-coloured. 
 The hills, to their supi'ly. 
 Vapour and exhalation, dusk and moist, 
 Sent up amain. MiUon's Par. Lost. 
 
 Dusk. n.s. [from the adjective.] 
 1. Tendency to darkness; incipient ob- 
 scurity. 
 
 I will wait on you in the dmk of the evening, 
 with my show upon my back. Spectator. 
 
 •2. Dai-kness of colour; tendency to black- 
 ness. 
 
 Some sprinkled freckles on his face were seen, 
 Whose diiifc set ofl" the whiteness of the skin. Dry<'. 
 
 To Dusk. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 make duskish. Diet. 
 
 589
 
 D U S 
 
 To Dusk. r. n. To grow dark ; to begin 
 to lose light or brightness ; to have 
 lustre diminished. Diet. 
 
 Du'sKiLY. adv, [from dush/.] With a 
 tendency to darkness or blackness. 
 
 Dt'SKlSH. adj. [from dusk.l 
 
 1. Inclining lo darkness; tending to ob- 
 scurity. 
 
 From his infernal furnace forth he tlirew 
 Huge rtaaies, that diiunied all the lieaven's llglit, 
 EnroU'd in duskish smuke, and brimstone bhie. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. Tending to blackness; dark-coloured. 
 
 Sight is not contented witli sudden de|)artment3 
 from one extreme to aiuither; therefore rather a 
 dwikish tincture than au absohite black. 
 
 Wottons Aixhitccture. 
 
 Dij'sKiSHLY. adv. [from duskish.] Cloudi- 
 ly ; darkly. 
 
 The sawdust burned fair, till j)art of the candle 
 consumed : tlie dust gathering about the snast, 
 made the snast to burn duskily. Bacon's Nat. HUt. 
 
 Du'sKY. adj. [from dusk; duyster, Dut.] 
 
 1. Tending to darkness; obscure; not lu- 
 minous. 
 
 Here lies tlie dusky torch of Mortimer, 
 Chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort. Shak. 
 
 There fierce winds o'er dusky valleys blow, 
 Whoseever^' pulf bearsempty shades away. l)rj/d. 
 
 Through the plains of one continual day. 
 Six shining months pursue tlieir even way; 
 And six succeeding urge their dusky flight, 
 Obscur'd with vapours and o'erwhelm'd in night. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. TendiniT to blackness ; dark-coloured : 
 not clear ; not bright. 
 
 They did plot 
 
 I'he means that dusky Dis my daughter got. Shak. 
 
 It is not green, but of a dus/ci/ brown colour. Bac. 
 
 When Jove in dusky clouds involves the skies, 
 
 And the faint crescent shoots by fits before their 
 
 eyes. Dryden. 
 
 The surface is of a dusky yellow colour. 
 
 Woodward. 
 By mixing sucli powders, we are not to expect 
 a strong and full white, such as is that of piiper ; 
 but some <:?us/cy obscure one, such as might arise 
 from a mixture of liglit and darkness, or from 
 white and black ; that is, a grey, or dun, or russet 
 b/own. Neictons Opticks. 
 
 3. Gloomy; sad; intellectually clouded. 
 
 While he continues in life, this dusky scene of 
 horrour, this melancholy prospect of (inal perdi- 
 tion, will frequently occur to his fanc^'. 
 
 Bentteys Sermons. 
 
 Umbriel, a dusky, melancholy sprite. 
 As ever sullied the fair face of light, 
 Down to the central earth, his (>roper scene. 
 Repairs to search the gloomy cave of spleen. Pope. 
 
 DUvST. n. A-. [buj^r, Sax. duust, Erse.] 
 
 1. Earth or other matter reduced to small 
 particles. 
 
 The dubt 
 Should have ascended to the roof of heav'n, 
 Rais'd by your populous troops. 
 
 Shakes}). Antony arid Cleopatra. 
 
 Dust helpetli the fruitfulness of trees, insomuch 
 
 as they cast dust upon them: that powdering, 
 
 when a shower Cometh, maketh a soiling to the 
 
 tree, being earth and water finely laid on, 
 
 Baco7is Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. The grave; the state of dissolution. 
 
 /Tie scejUre, learning, physick, must 
 AU follow this, and come to dust. Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 Thou 
 Out of the ground wast taken, know thy birth ; 
 For dust thou art, and slialt to dust return. Milton. 
 
 3. A mean and dejected state. 
 
 God raised up the poor out of the dust, to set 
 them among prnices. 1 S'lm. n. 8. 
 
 To Dust. v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 DUT 
 
 1. To free from dust. 
 
 2. To sprinkle with dust. 
 Dustman, n.s. [dnst and man.] One 
 
 ■whose employment is to carry away the 
 dust. 
 
 The dustman^s cart offends thy clothes and eyes, 
 When through the street a cloud of ashes ilies. 
 
 Dusty, adj. [from dust.] 
 
 1. Filled with dust ; clouded with dust. 
 
 All our yesterdays have lighted fools 
 The way torfastv death. Skakesp. 
 
 Arms and the dusty fields I less admire. 
 And soften strangely in some new desire. Dryden- 
 
 2. Covered or scattered with dust. 
 
 Even Drudgery himself, 
 As at the car he sweats, or dusty hews 
 The palace stone, looks gay. Thomsons Summer. 
 
 Du'tchess. n. s. [duchesse, Fr.] 
 
 1. The lady of a duke. 
 
 The duke of Cornwal, and Reyan his dutchess, 
 will be here. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 The duke was to command the army, and the 
 dutchess, by the favour she possessed, to be near 
 lier majesty. Swift. 
 
 Tlie gen'rous god who wit and gold refines. 
 And ripens spirits as he ripens mines, 
 Kept dross for dutchesses, tlie world shall know it. 
 To you gave sense, good humour, and a poet. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A lady who has the sovereignty of a 
 dukedom. 
 
 Du'tchy. n. s. \duche, Fr.] A territoi-y 
 which gives title to a duke, or has a 
 duke for its sovereign. 
 
 Dilferent slates border on it; the kingdom of 
 
 France, the dutchy of Savoy, and the canton of 
 
 Bern. Addison on Italy. 
 
 France might have swallowed up his whole 
 
 dutchy. Suift. 
 
 Dutchy-COURT. n. s. A court wherein 
 all matters appertaining to the dutchy 
 of Lancaster are decided by the decree 
 of the chancellor of that cotu-t, CoucU. 
 
 Du'teous. adj. [from duty.] 
 
 1. Obedient ; obsequious; respectful to 
 those Avho have natural or legal authority. 
 
 Great Aurengzebe did duteous care express. 
 And durst not push too far his great success. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A female softness, with a manly mind ; 
 A duteous daughter, and a sister kind ; 
 In sickness paiient, and in death resign'd. Dvyd. 
 Wht) taught the bee with winds and rahis to 
 strive, 
 To bring her burden to the cer-tain hive ; 
 And through the liquid fields again to pass 
 Duteous, and hark'ning to the sounding brass ? 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Obsequious; obedient to good or bad 
 purposes : with to. 
 
 I know thee well ; a serviceable villain ! 
 As duteous to the vices of thy mistress, 
 As badness would desire. Shidiesp King Lear. 
 
 Everv beast, more duteous at her call, 
 Thau at Circean call the herd dis^uis'd. Milton. 
 
 3. Enjoined by duty ; enforced by the re- 
 lation of one to another. This sense is 
 not now used. 
 
 With mine own tongue deny my sacred right, 
 With mine own breath release all duteous ties. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Du'tiful. adj. {duty andj'uil,] 
 
 1. Obedient; submissive to natural or 
 legal superiours ; reverent. 
 
 She died in an extreme old Hge, without pain, 
 under tlie care of the most dutiful sitn that I liavt- 
 ever known or heard of. Swift to Pope. 
 
 2. Expressive of respect; giving token of 
 xeverence ; respectful ; reverential. 
 
 DUT 
 
 Theie vyould she kiss the ground, and thaiil; 
 the trees, bless iJie air, and do dntijul reverence to 
 every thing she thought did accompany her at 
 their first meeting, Si4ney^ 
 
 Dutifully, adv. [from dutiful.] 
 
 1. Obediently; submissively, 
 
 2. Reverently ; respectfully. 
 
 His daughter Philoclea he found at that time 
 dutifully watching by her mother, and Miso curi- 
 ously watching her. Sidjiey, 
 
 He with joyful, ninibie wing, 
 Flew dutijulty back again. 
 And made aii humble cliaplet for the king. Swift. 
 
 DUTIFULNESS. //, «. [from dutiful,} 
 
 1 . Obedience ; submission to just au- 
 thority. 
 
 Piety, or dutif'ulness to parents, was a most po- 
 pular virtue among the Romans. Dryden s JEneid. 
 
 2. Reverence ; respect. 
 
 It is a strange kind of civility, and an evil rfufi- 
 fulness in friends and relatives, to sutfer him to 
 perisli without reproof or medicine, ratlier than 
 to seem unmaimerly to a great sinner. 
 
 Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 Du'ty. n.s. [from due.] 
 
 1. That to which a man is by any natural 
 or legal obligation bound, 
 
 Wiien ye shall have done all those things which 
 are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable 
 servants i we have done that which was our duty 
 to do. Luke, xvii. 10. 
 
 The pain children feel from any necessity of 
 nature, it is the duty of parents to relieve. Locke. 
 
 2. Acts or forbearances required by reli- 
 gion or morality. In this sense it has a 
 plaral. 
 
 Good my lord, 
 You have begot me, bred me, lov'd me: I 
 Return those duties back, as are right fit ; 
 Obey you, love you, and most honour you. Shak. 
 All our duty is set down in our prayers, because 
 in all our duty we beg the Divine assistance ; and 
 remember that you are bound to do all those dit- 
 ties, for the doing of which you have prayed for 
 the Divine assistance. Taylor's Devotion. 
 
 3. Obedience or submission due to parents, 
 governours, or superiours; loyalty ; piety 
 to parents. 
 
 7'liJnk'st thou tliat duty shall have dread to speak. 
 When pow'r to flatt'ry bows? To plainness ho- 
 nour 
 Is bound, when majesty to folly fails. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 God's party will appear small, and the king's 
 
 not greater; it being not probable, ti.at those 
 
 should have sense oiduty to him that had none to 
 
 G od . Decay of' Piety. 
 
 1. Act of reverence or respect. 
 
 They both atone. 
 Did duty to their lady as became. Fairy Queen. 
 
 5. The business of a soldier on guard. 
 
 The regiment did duty there punciuaily. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Otho, as often as Galba supped with him, used 
 to give every soldier upon duty an aureus. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 6. The business of war ; service. 
 
 The night came and severed them, nil parties 
 being tired with tlie duty of the day. Clarendon. 
 
 Sec how the madmen bleed ! Behold the gains 
 With which their master, love, rewards their pains ! 
 For seven long years, on duty ev'ry day, 
 Lo ! their obedience, and their monarch's pay ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 7. Tax ; impost ; custom ; toll. 
 
 All the wines make their wa^' through several 
 duties and taxes, before they reach the puit. 
 
 Addison. 
 Such shekels as they now shew, were tlie old 
 ones in wnich duty was to be paid by their law. 
 Arbn'thnot on Coiiu 
 
 51>0
 
 D W E 
 
 DWARF, n. s, [bfeopj, Sax, dwergy Dut.] 
 
 1. A man below the common size of men. 
 
 Get you gctiie, you dwarf! 
 You minimus, of hind'rlii^ knot-grass made.Sftafc 
 Such dwarfs were some kind ol apes. Brown. 
 Tliey, but now \\\\o seem'd 
 In bigness to surpass earth's jjiant sons. 
 Now less than smallest dwarfs, in narrow room 
 Throng numberless. MUtflns Par. Lost. 
 
 2. Any animal or plant below its natural 
 bulk. 
 
 Ill a delicate plantation of trees, all well grown, 
 fair, and smooih, one dwarf was knotty and 
 crooked, and the rest had it in derision. L'Estr. 
 
 Saw off the stock in a smooth place : and for 
 du'arf'trees, graft them within four iingers of the 
 ground. Murtiiner. 
 
 3. An attendant on a lady or knight in 
 romances. 
 
 The champion stout, 
 Eftstoones dismounted from his courser brave, 
 And to the dwavf awhile his needless spear he 
 gave. Spenser. 
 
 4. It is used often by botanists in compo- 
 sition ; as, divarf-eUer, dw/rf-honvy- 
 suckle. 
 
 To Dwarf, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 hinder from growing to the natural 
 bulk ; to lessen ; to make little. 
 
 It is reported that a good strong canvas, spread 
 over a tree grafted low, soon after it putteth forth, 
 will dvMifh, and make it cpread. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The whole sex is in a manner dwarfed, and 
 thrnnk into a race of beauties, that seems almost 
 another s|iecies. Addison. 
 
 Dwa'rfish. fidj. [from dwarf.'] Below 
 the natural bulk ; low ; small ; little ; 
 petty ; despicable. 
 
 Their dwarfish pages were. 
 As cherubims, all gilt. Shak. Henry VIII. 
 
 And are you grown so high in his esteem. 
 Because I am so d>vaijish and so low > Shakesp. 
 
 This unheard sauciness, and boyish troops. 
 The king doth smile at ; and is well prepar'd 
 To whip this dwarfish war, these pigmy arms. 
 From out the circle of his territories. 
 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 A thicket close beside the grove there stood. 
 With briars and brambles choak'd, and dwarfish 
 wood. Dniden. 
 
 We should have lost oaks and cedars, and the 
 other tall and lofty sons of the forest, and have 
 found nothing but dwarfish shrubs, and creeping 
 moss, and despicable mushrooms. Bentley. 
 
 Dwa'rfishly. adv. [from dwarfish.] 
 Like a dwarf. 
 
 DwA'RFiSHNESS. adv. [from dwarf sh.] 
 Minuteness of stature ; littleness. 
 
 'Tis no wonder that science hath not outgrown 
 the dwarfishness of its pristine stature, and that the 
 mtellectual world is such a microcosm. 
 
 Glanville's Scqtsis. 
 
 10 DWAULE. t>. a. [bjjehan. Sax. to wan- 
 der; dwaden, Dut.] To be delirious; 
 a provincial word mentioned by Junius. 
 
 To DWELL. II. M. preterite divell, or 
 dwelled, [dualla, old Teutonick, is stai/, 
 delay; dudia, Islandick, to stay, to 
 stand still.] 
 
 1. To inhabit ; to live in a place ; to reside; 
 to have an hal)itation. 
 
 If thy brother that dwelleth by thee be waxen 
 poor, and be sold unto thee, thou shall not compel 
 him to serve as a bond-servant. Lev. xxv. 39. 
 
 He shall dwell alone, without the camp shall 
 his habitation be. Lev. xiii. 46. 
 
 John Haywood and Sir Thomas More, in the 
 parish wherein 1 was bom, dwell and had posses- 
 "<""• Peacham. 
 
 D W I 
 
 Why arc you vex'd lady .' Why do you frown ? 
 Here dwelt no frowns, no linger ; from these gates 
 Sorrow flies far. MiUim. 
 
 2. To live in any form of habitation. 
 
 Abraham sojourned in the land of promise as in 
 a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles. 
 
 Heb. xi. 9. 
 
 3. To be in any state or condition. 
 'Tis safer to be that wliich we destroy. 
 
 Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. Shak. 
 
 4. To be suspended with attention; to 
 hang upon with care or fondness. 
 
 lie in great passion all this while did dwell; 
 More busying bis quick eyes her face to view. 
 Than his dull cars to hear what she did tell. Spen. 
 
 Tir attentive queen 
 Dwelt on his accents. Smith's Phicd. and Hippol. 
 Such was that face, on which I dwelt with joy, 
 Ere Unece assembled stcinm'd the tides to Troy. 
 
 PopL. 
 
 5. To continue long speaking. 
 Hepreach'd the joysof heav'n,and pains of hell, 
 
 And warn'd the sinner wiili becoming zeal; 
 But on eternal mercy lov'd to dwell. 
 
 Dn/den's Good Parson, 
 
 We have dwelt pretty long on the considerations 
 of space and duration. Locke. 
 
 Those who defiiid our negociators, dwell upon 
 their zeal and patience. Swift. 
 
 To Dwell. 11. a. To inhabit. Not used. 
 
 I saw and heard ; for we sometimes 
 Vi'ho dwell this wild, constrain'd by want, come 
 
 forth 
 To town or village nigh. Miltmi's Par. Regained. 
 Dwe'ller. n.s. [from dwell.] An inha- 
 bitant ; one that lives in any place. 
 
 The houses being kept up, did of necessity en- 
 force a dweller; and tlie proportion of land for 
 occupation being kept up, did of necessity en- 
 force that dweller not to be beggar or cottager, but 
 a man of some substance. Bacon's Hen. VIJ. 
 
 Their cries soon waken all the dwellers near ; 
 Now murmuring noises rise in every street. Dryd. 
 
 Dwelling, n. s. [from dwell.] 
 
 1 . Habitation ; place of residence ; abode. 
 
 His dwelling is low in a valley green. 
 Under the foot of Rauraii mossy bore. Jairy Q. 
 
 Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a 
 desolation for ever. Jer. xlix. 33. 
 
 If he have several dwellings, let liim sort them 
 JO, that what he wanteth in the one he may iind 
 ill the otlier. Bacoti. 
 
 God will deign 
 To visit oft the dwellings of just men. 
 Delighted. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 All dwellings else 
 Flood overwhelm'd, and them with all their pomp 
 Deep underwater roll'd ; sea cover'd sea. 
 Sea without shore ! Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 The living few, and frequent funerals, then 
 Proclaim'd thy wrath on this forsaken place ; 
 
 And now those few, who are return 'd again, 
 I'hj searching judgments to their dwellings trace. 
 
 fL /• /• Dryden. 
 
 The force of fire ascended first on high, 
 And took its dwelling in the vaulted sky. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 2. State of life; mode of living. 
 My dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field. 
 
 Daniel. 
 Dwe'lli nghou.se. n. s. [from divd I and 
 house.] The iiouse at which one lives. 
 A person ought always to be cited at the place 
 of his dwellinghoiise, w lilcli he has in respect of his 
 habitation and usual residence ; and not at the 
 house which he has in respect of his estate, or the 
 place of his birth. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Dwe'llingplace. n. .r. [dwell and place.] 
 The place of residence. 
 
 People do often change their dwelling-places, 
 and some must die, whilst other some do grow up 
 into strength. Spenser. 
 
 To Dwi'ndle. v. n. [bpman. Sax.] 
 
 I. To shrink ; to lose bulk ; to grow little. 
 
 D Y S 
 
 'I hy dwindled legs seem crawling to the grave 
 
 Urvdeu 
 
 I roper names, when familiarized in Knylisli, 
 dwindle to monosyllables; whereas in other lan- 
 guages they receive a softer turn, by the addition 
 of anew syllable. Addison. 
 
 Our drooping daycare dwindled down to hoiighi, 
 Their |)criod finisliMere 'lis well begun, nmrnah. 
 
 2. To degenerate ; to sink. 
 
 ''J'is now dwindled down to light frothy stuff. 
 
 Kohis. 
 
 If tlKTc have been such a gradual diiiiiiintioii ol 
 the generative faculty of the earth, that it hatli 
 dwindled from nobler animals to puny mice and 
 insects, w hy was there not the like decay in the 
 production of vegetables ? Benlleii 
 
 He found the expected council was dwindling 
 into a conventicle, a packed assembly of Italian 
 bishops, not a free Convention of fathers. Atterhurv. 
 
 Ueligious societies, though begun with excel- 
 lent inleiuiuns, ate said to have dwindled into fac- 
 tious clubs. Svc]tt. 
 
 3. To wear away ; to lose health ; to grow 
 feeble. 
 
 Weary sev'nnights nine times nine. 
 Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 VI e see, that some small part of the foot being 
 
 injured by a wrench or a blow, the whole leg or 
 
 thigh thereby loses its strength and nourishment, 
 
 and dwindles away. iMCke. 
 
 Phxsicians, with their milky cheer. 
 The love-sick maid and (/u iad/ing'beau repair.C«y. 
 
 4. To fall away; to be diminished; to 
 moulder off. 
 
 Under Grceiivil, there were only five hundr«l 
 foot and three hundred horse left; the rest were 
 dwindled away. Clarendon. 
 
 Dye. See Die. 
 
 Dying. The participle of die. 
 
 1. Expiring; giving up the ghost 
 
 2. Tinging ; giving a new colour. 
 Dy'nasty. n. s. [^uyus-tia.] Government; 
 
 sovereignty. 
 
 Some account him fabulous, because he carries 
 up the Egyptian dynaties before the flood, yea, and 
 long before the creation. Hale'sOrigin rf Mankind. 
 
 Greece was divided into several rii/'i"s''". which 
 our author has enumerated under their respective 
 princes. Papf. 
 
 Dy'scrasy. n.s. [WK^eeo-ia.] An unequal 
 mixture of elements in the blood or 
 nervous juice; a distemperature, when 
 some humour or quality abounds in the 
 Ijody. Bid. 
 
 In this pituitous dyscrasy of blood, we niasl 
 vomit off the pituita, and purge upon intermis- 
 sions. Ployer on the Humours. 
 
 Dysentery n. ». [dysenteric, Fr. frofn 
 ^Ko-ifTipia.] .■V looseness, wherein very 
 ill humours flow off by stool, and are 
 also sometimes attended with blood. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 From an unusual inconstancy of the Weather, 
 
 and perpetual changes of tlic wind from east to 
 west, proceed epidemical dysenteries. Arb. on -■)»■. 
 
 Dyspe'psy. n. s. [^v^vc^ix.] A difficulty 
 of digestion, or bad fermentation in the 
 stomach or guts. Diet. 
 
 Dy'sphony. n.s. [ii-iTiputia.] A difficuly 
 in speaking, occasioned by an indispo- 
 sition of tlie organs. Diet. 
 
 Dyspnoea. «.«. [^v<rtrnix.] A difficulty 
 of breathing ; straitness of breath. 
 
 Dy'siry. n. s. [Jt/oKjia.] A difficulty in 
 making urine. 
 
 It doth end in a dysentery, pains of the hicnior- 
 rhoids, inflammations ot aiiy of the lower finns, 
 diabetes, a continual pissing, or a hotdiiJiirv, dif- 
 ficulty of making water. Harvfy. 
 
 591
 
 E. 
 
 E A D 
 
 TT' HAS two sounds ; long, as scene, and 
 
 -■-^9 short, as men. £ is the most fre- 
 quent vowel in the English language ; 
 for it not only is used like the rest in the 
 beginning or end of words, but has the 
 peculiar quality of lengthening the fore- 
 going vowel, as, ciin, cane ; man, rndne ; 
 gSp, s^dpe ; glad, glade ; bred, brede ; 
 chin, chine ; tcip, leipe ; th'in, thine ; nod, 
 node; iiin, tune ; pliim, pliiine. Yet it 
 sometimes occurs final, where yet the 
 foregoing vowel is not lengthened ; as 
 g6ne, knowledge, edge, give. Anciently 
 almost every word ended with e, as for 
 can, canne ; for year, yeare ; for great, 
 Sreate ; for need, neede ; for Jlock,Jtocke. 
 It is probable that this e final had at first 
 a soft sound, like the female e of the 
 French ; and that afterwards it was in 
 poetry either mute or vocal, as the verse 
 required, till at last it became univer- 
 sally silent. 
 
 JEa has the sound of e long: the e is com- 
 monly lengthened rather by the imme- 
 diate addition of a than by the apposi- 
 tion of e to the end of the word ; as men, 
 mean ; set, seal ; met, meat : net, neat. 
 
 Each. pron. [elc. Sax. elch, Dut. ilk, 
 Scottish.] 
 
 1. Either of two. 
 
 Thougli your orbs of different greatness be. 
 Yet both are from each other's use dispos'd ; 
 His to inclose, and your's to be inclos A. Dryden. 
 
 2. Every one of any number. This sense 
 is rare, except in poetry. 
 
 Til' invention all adniir'd, and tach how he 
 To be th' inventer miss'd. Milton. 
 
 heteach 
 His adamantine coat gird well, and euch 
 Fit well his helm. Miltmi. 
 
 Bv hunger, that each other creature taraes,^ 
 Thou art not to be harm'd, therefore not mov'd ; 
 Thy temperance invincible besides. 
 
 Miltoiis Paradise Regained. 
 
 Wise Pluto said, the world with men was stor'd, 
 That succour each to other might alford. Dcnham. 
 
 To Each the correspondent word is other, 
 whether it be used of two, or of a greater 
 
 number. 
 
 'Tis said they eat eacfc ol'ier. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Let each esteem other better than themselves. 
 
 yhil. ii. 3. 
 Loveliest of women ! heaven is in thy soul ; 
 Beauty and virtue shine for ever round thee, 
 Bright'ning each other! Thou art all divine. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 Ead. [ad. ed.] in the compound, and 
 eadig in the simple names, denotes hap- 
 pinels or blessedness. Thus Eadward 
 is a happy preserver ; Eadulph, happy 
 assistance ; Eadgar, happy power ; Bad- 
 fvin, happy conqueror ; which Macarius 
 Eupolemus, Fausta, Fortunatus, Fcliei- 
 anus, &c. do in some measure resemble. 
 Ead may also in some cases be derived 
 from the Saxon eath, which signifies 
 easy, gentle, mild. Gib. Camden. 
 
 E A G 
 
 EAGER, adj. [easoji, Sax. aigre, Fr.] 
 
 1. Struck with desire; ardently wishing; 
 keenly desirous; vehement in desire; 
 hotly longing. 
 
 Of action eager, and intent of thought. 
 The chiefs your honourable danger sought, 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 Eager to read the rest. Achates came. Dryd. jEn. 
 
 With joy th' ambitious youth his mother heard> 
 And, eager for the journey, soon prepar'd ; 
 He lonss the world beneath him to survey. 
 To guide the chariot, and to give the day. Dryd. 
 
 Love inflam'd, and eager on his bliss, 
 Smother'd her words. Addisons Ovid. 
 
 2. It is used sometimes with of, sometimes 
 with for, sometimes with on or after 
 before the thing sought. 
 
 .3. Hot of disposition ; vehement ; ardent ; 
 impetuous. 
 
 Apt as well to quicken the spirits as to allay 
 that which is too eager. Hooker. 
 
 Nor do the eager clamours of disputants yield 
 more relief to eclipsed truth, than did the sound- 
 ing brass of old to the labouring moon. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Imperfect zeal is hot and eager, witliout know- 
 ledge. Spratt. 
 
 Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryd. 
 
 A man, charged with a crime of which he thinks 
 liimself innocent, is apt to be too eager in his own 
 defence. _ _ Dryden. 
 
 4. Quick ; busy ; easily put in action. 
 
 His Nuraidian genius 
 Is well dispos'd to mischief, were he prompt 
 And eager (in it ; but he must be spurr'd. .iddis.Cato. 
 
 5. Sharp ; sour ; acid. 
 
 With a sudden vigour it doth posset 
 And curd, like eagi^ droppings into milk, 
 The thin and wholesome blood. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 6. Keen ; severe ; biting. 
 
 The air bites shrewdly ; it is very cold. 
 ^It is a nipping and an eager air. Hhak. Hamlet. 
 
 The flesh shrinketh, but the bone resisteth, 
 whereby the cold becometh more eager. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 7. Brittle ; inflexible ; not ductile. A cant 
 word of artificers. 
 
 Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call 
 it, lliat it will as little endure the hammer as glass 
 itself. Loc>w- 
 
 Ea'gerly. adv. [from eager.] 
 \. With great ardour of desire ; with im- 
 petuosity of inclination. 
 
 To the holy war liow fast and eagerly did men 
 go, when the priest persuaded them that whoso- 
 ever died in that expedition was a martyr. South. 
 
 How eagerly he flew, v;licn Euntpe's fate 
 Did for the seed of future actions wait. Stepney. 
 
 2. Ardently ; hotly. 
 
 Brutus gave the word too early. 
 Who having some advantage on Octavius, 
 Took it too eagerlti : his soldiers fell to spoil. 
 Whilst we bv Anthony were all inclos'd. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Keenly; sharply. 
 
 Abundance of rain froze so eagerly as it fell, 
 that it seemed the depth of winter had of a sudden 
 been come in. Knollcs's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 Ea'gerness. n. s. [from eager.] 
 1. Keenness ofdesire; ardour of inclination. 
 Si^e knew her distance, and did angle for me. 
 Madding my eagerness with her restrahit. Shakesp. 
 Have von not seen, when whistled from the fist, 
 Some faulcon stoop'd at what her eye design 'd, 
 .\nd, with her eagerness the quarry miss'd. Dryd. 
 
 E A G 
 
 The eargemess and strong bent of the mind after 
 knowledge, if not warily regulated, is often aa 
 hindrance to it. Locke. 
 
 Detraction and obloquy are received with aa 
 much eagerness as wit and humour. Addis. Freehold. 
 
 Juba lives to catch 
 That dear embrace, and to return it too. 
 With mutual warmth and eagerness of love. 
 
 Addison^s Cato. 
 
 His continued application to publick atfairs di- 
 verts him from those pleasures, which are pursued 
 with eagerness by princes who have not the pub- 
 lick so much at heart. Addison. 
 
 'I'he things of this world, with whatever eager- 
 ness they engage our pursuit, leave us s'.ill empty 
 and unsatisiied with their fruition. Rogers. 
 
 2. Impetuosity ; vehemence ; violence. 
 
 It finds them in the eagerness and height of their 
 devotion; they are speechless for the tmie that it 
 continues, and prostrate and dead when it de- 
 parts. Dryden. 
 
 I'll kill thee with such eagerness of haste. 
 As fiends, let loose, would lay all nature waste. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 EA'GLE. n. s. [aigle, Fr. aquila, Lat. 
 ealler, Erse.] 
 
 1. A bird of prey, which, as it is reported, 
 renews its age when it grows old. It is 
 also said not to drink at all, like other 
 birds with sharp claws. It is given out, 
 that when an eagle sees its young so 
 well grown as to venture upon flying, it 
 hovers over their nest, and excites them 
 to imitate it, and take their flight ; and 
 when it sees them weary, or fearful, it 
 takes them upon its back. Eagles are 
 said to be extremely sharp-sighted, and, 
 when they take flight, spring perpendi- 
 cularly upward, with their eyes steadily 
 fixed upon the sun. Calmet. 
 
 Draw forth the monsters of lb' abyss profound, 
 Or fetch th' aerial eagle to the ground. Pope. 
 
 2. The standard of the ancient Romans. 
 Arts still follow'd where Home's eagles flew. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ea'gle-eyed. adj. [from eagle and eyed.] 
 Sharp-sighted as an eagle. 
 
 As he was quick and perspicacious, so was he 
 inwardly eagle-eyed, and versed in the humours 
 of his subjects. Houel. 
 
 Everv one is eagle-eyed to see 
 Another's faults and his deformity. Dryden. 
 
 Ea'glespeed. n. s. [eagle and speed.] 
 Swiftness like that of an eagle. 
 
 Abrupt, with eaglespeed she cut the sky, 
 Instant invisible to mortal eye. Pope. 
 
 Ea'glestone. n. s. A stone said to be 
 found at the entrance of the holes in 
 which the eagles make their nests, and 
 affirmed to have a particular virtue in de- 
 fending the eagle's nest from tliunder. 
 
 Calmet. 
 
 The eaglestone contains, in a cavity lyithin it, a 
 small loose stone, which rattles when it is shaken ; 
 and every fossil, with a nucleus in it, has obtained 
 the name. The analogy between a stone, thus 
 containing another within it, or, as the fanciful 
 writers express it, pregnant with another, and a 
 woman big with child, led people to imagine that 
 it must have great virtues and effects in accele- 
 rating or retarding delivery ; so that, if tied to the 
 
 602
 
 EAR 
 
 inn of a woman with cliiid, it prevents abortlun ; 
 and if to the leg, it promotes dclivcTy. On such 
 idle and imaginary virtues was raised all tlic cre- 
 dit wliich this famous fossil possessed for many 
 ages. Hill's Materia Medica. 
 
 If you slop the holes of a hawk's bell it will 
 make no ring, but a flat noise or rattle ; and so 
 doth the ^elites, or cagkstone, which hatli a little 
 stone ifi with it Bacon. 
 
 Ea'glet. n. s. [from eagle,] A young ea- 
 gle. 
 
 This treason of bis sons did the king express in 
 an emblem, wherein was an ea^le with tliree ea- 
 glets tyring on her breast, and tne fourth pecking 
 at one of her eyes. Varies. 
 
 Ea'gre. n. s. [(£ger, in Runick, is tlie 
 oc€a?i ; eggidj in Islandick, is to agitatCy 
 to incite] A tide swelling above ano- 
 ther tide, observable in the river Severn. 
 
 For as an eagre rides in triumph o'er the tide. 
 The t\-rant passions, hope and fear, 
 Did in extremes appear, 
 And flash'd upon the soul with equal force. Dryd. 
 
 Ea'lderman. w. s. [ealbepman, Sax.] 
 The name of a Saxon magistrate ; alder- 
 man. 
 
 Eame. n. s. [earn. Sax. eom, Dut.] Uncle : 
 a word still used in the wilder parts of 
 Staffbrtlshire. 
 
 Daughter, says she, fly. fly ; behold thy dame 
 Foreshows the treason of thy wretched came! 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 EAR. w. s. [eajie. Sax. oor, Dut] 
 
 1. The whole organ of audition or hear- 
 ing. 
 
 What fire is in ray ears ? Can this be true ? 
 Stand I condemu'd? Shak. Much Ado. 
 
 His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15. 
 
 Valsalva discovered some passages into the re- 
 gion of the ear drum ; of mighty use, among 
 others, to make discharges of bruiiics. 
 
 i)eTham''s Physico-lTieoh^y. 
 
 2. That part of the ear that stands promi- 
 nent. 
 
 Vou have heard of the news abroad : I mean, 
 the whisptr'd ones ; for they are yet but ear kiss- 
 ing arguments. i>hahesp. 
 
 liis master sliall bore his ear through with an 
 awl. J'Jj(j(/. 
 
 3. Power of judging of harmony ; the 
 sense of hearing. 
 
 She has a delicate ear, and her voice is musick. 
 
 Richardson. 
 
 4. The head ; or the person : in familiar 
 language. 
 
 Their warlike force was sore weakened, the city 
 beaten down about their ears, and most of them 
 wounded. Kyiollcs. 
 
 Better pass over an affront from one scoundrel, 
 than draw the whole herd about a man's ears. 
 
 L'Estrangc. 
 
 Be not alarmed, as if all rehgion was falling 
 about our ears. Burnet's Theorq. 
 
 5. The highest part of a man ; the top. 
 
 A cavalier was up to the cars in love with a very 
 fine lad3', L' Estraiige. 
 
 6. The privilege of being readily and 
 kindly heard ; favour. 
 
 Aristippus was earnest suitor to Dionysius for 
 some grant, wlio would give no ear to nis suit ; 
 Aristippus fell at his feet, and then Dionysius 
 granted it. Bacon's Apophthegms. 
 
 They being told tliere wa? small hope of ease, 
 Were willing at the first to ^ive an ear 
 To any thiny that soundedliberty. BenJonson. 
 
 If on a piuory, or near a throne, > 
 
 He gain his prince's ear, or lose bis own. Pope. 
 
 7. Disposition to like or dislike what is 
 heard; judgment ; opinion ; taste. 
 
 He laid his sense closer, and in fewer words, ac- 
 cording to the style and ear of those times. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Vol. 1. 
 
 irs. > 
 'rs. ) 
 
 To 
 
 fiffht 
 
 EAR 
 
 8. Any prominences from a larger body, 
 raised for the sake of holding it. 
 
 Thcru are some vessels, wliich, if you offer to 
 lift liy the belly or bottom, you cannot stir tliem ; 
 but are soon removed, if you take ihera by tlie 
 fori. Titul'ir's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 A quilted night-cap "lib one enr. 
 
 Congr. Way ofthe World. 
 
 A pot without an far. ^ Suy't. 
 
 9. The spike of corn ; that part which con 
 tains the seeds. 
 
 He delivercih fo each of them a jewel, made in 
 the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever af- 
 ter wear. Kacori. 
 
 'I'he leaves on trees not more, 
 Nor bearded ears in fields, nor sands upon the 
 sliore. Dryden. 
 
 From several grains he had eighty stalks, with 
 very large cars, full of large corn 
 
 Mortimei's Hasbnndry. 
 
 10. To be by (he Ears. 
 To fall together by the Ear 
 To go together b)j the Ear 
 
 to scuffle ; to quarrel. [In Dutch oorlo- 
 "•£».] A familiar phrase. 
 ^ Poor naked luen laboured one another with 
 sha:;ged slicks, or dully ^e/i together by the cars at 
 fisty-culTs. More. 
 
 lools go together by the cars, to have knaves run 
 away with the stakes. L'Estrange. 
 
 All Asia now was by the ears. 
 And gods heat up for volunteers. Prior. 
 
 11. To set by the Ears. To make strife ; 
 to quarrel : in low language. 
 
 A mean rascal sets others together by the ears whh- 
 out fighting himself. L'Es(raii;;c. 
 
 She used to carry tales from one another, till 
 she had set the neiglibourhood together 6y//ic tars. 
 
 Arbnthiiot. 
 
 It is usual to set these poor animals by the ears. 
 
 AddiS07t. 
 
 Ea'rless. adj. [frompflc] Without any 
 ears. 
 
 F.Lirless on high slo »d unabash'd Defoe, 
 And Tutchin flagrant from the scourge below. 
 
 Poi>c. 
 
 Ea'rring. ?j. s. [irtr and ri«o-.] Jewels 
 set in a ring and worn at the ears ; or- 
 nament of a woman's ear. 
 
 With gold and silver they increase his store, 
 And gave the precious earrings which they wore. 
 
 Sandys. 
 A lady bestowed earrings upon a favourite lam- 
 prey. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ea'rshot. M.S. Reach of the ear ; space 
 
 within which words may be heard. 
 
 Gomez, stand you out of ears/iot. — I have some- 
 thing to say to your wife iu private. 
 
 Vryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 Ea'rwax. n.s. [ear and wax.] The ce- 
 rumen or exudation which smears the 
 inside of the ear. 
 
 T!ie ear being to stand open, because there was 
 some danger that insects might creep in thereat ; 
 therefore hath nature loricated or plaistered (jver 
 the sides of the hole with eara-ar, to enlanuie in- 
 sects, liai^oti the Creation. 
 
 Ea'rwig. n.s. [ea;ie and pijga, a grub. 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. .\ sheath-winged insect, imagined to 
 creep into the ear. 
 
 Himself lie on an earwig set ; 
 Yet scarce he on his hack could get, 
 So oft and high he did curvet. Diautcn's Nymphiad. 
 
 Earwigs and snails seldom infect timber. 
 
 Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 Doll never flies to cut her lace. 
 Or throw cold water in her face. 
 Because she heard a sudden drum, 
 Or found an cartcig in a plum. Swift. 
 
 2. By way of reproach, a whisperer ; a 
 prj'ing informer. 
 
 E A R 
 
 Ea'rwitness. n. s. [ear and witness.] 
 One who attests, or can attest any thing 
 as heard by himself. 
 
 All present were made eancitnesses, even of each 
 particular branch of acommon indictment. f/oo/crr. 
 
 The histories of mankind, written by eye or ear- 
 witnesses, are built upon this principle. Watties Lt>^. 
 
 To Ear. r. a. [aro, Lat.] To plow ; to 
 
 till. Obsolete. 
 
 He that ears my land spares my team, and gives 
 me leave to ei.joy the crop. 
 
 Shakesp. All's well that endtuell. 
 Meuccratesand Menas, famous pirates. 
 Make the sea serve them, which they cor ai.d 
 
 wound 
 
 Willi keels of every kind. SUak. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 A rough valley, which is neither eared nor 
 
 sown. Veutrr. 
 
 Five years, in the wliich there shall neither be 
 
 caring nor harvest. Gen. xlv. 6. 
 
 'I'iie field of luve, with plough of virtue card. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 To Ear. v.n. [from tar.] To shoot into 
 
 ears. 
 Ea'red. adj. [from ear.] 
 
 1. Having ears, or organs of hearing. 
 
 2. H.iving ears, or ripe com. 
 The covert of the thrice ear'd field 
 
 Sa^v stately Ceres to her iiassiouyield.Po/ie'sOdv*- 
 EARL. n. s. [eopl. Sax. eoryl, Erse.] A 
 title of nobility, anciently the highest of 
 this nation, now the third. 
 llianes and kinsmen. 
 Henceforth he earls, the first that ever Scollano 
 For such all honour nain'd. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 Earl-marshal, w. s. [earl and mar- 
 shal.] He that has chief care of military 
 soleinnitifts. 
 'J'lic marching troops through .-Vthens take tbelr 
 way ; 
 The great earl-murshal orders their array. Dryden. 
 
 E.\'rldom. w. s. [from earl.] The seig- 
 niory of an earl ; the title and dignity of 
 an carl. 
 
 The duke of Clarence havin 2 married the heir 
 of the earl of Ulster, and by her having all the 
 earldom of Ulster, carefully went about redressing 
 evils. .'ijtenser's Ireltind. 
 
 When I am king, claim thou of me 
 The earldom of Hereford. Shakes}). Richard III. 
 
 Ea'rliness. n.s. [from car/y.] Quick- 
 ness of any action with respect to some- 
 thing else : as, eurliness in the morning, 
 the act of rising suon with respect to the 
 sun ;f«i7i«e.si of growth, theact of grow- 
 ing up soon in comparison with other 
 things of the same kind. 
 
 The next morning we, having striven with the 
 sun's earliness, were beyond tlie prospect of the 
 highest turrets. " Sidney. 
 
 The goodness of the crop is great gain, if the 
 goodness answ er the carliness of coming up. Baccn. 
 
 EARLY, ailj. [scjt. Sax. before.] Soon 
 with respect to something else : as, in 
 the morning, with respect to the sun ; 
 in time, with respect to creation ; in 
 the season, in comparison with other 
 products. 
 
 I am a tainted wether of the flock. 
 Meetest for death : the weakest kind nf fruit 
 Drops earliest to the ground, and so let nie. Shak. 
 
 It is a curiosity to tiave several fruits upon one 
 tree ; and the more when some of them come early, 
 and some come late. Bacon's 'Sat. Hist. 
 
 God made all the world, that he might be wor- 
 shipped in some parts of the world; and therefore, 
 in the first and most early times of the church, 
 what care did he manifest to have such places 
 erected to his honour ? South, 
 
 4 G 
 
 as3
 
 EAR 
 
 The iiymphs, forsaking ev'ry care and spring, 
 Tlieir early fruit and mllk-wbite turtles bring. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Sickness is early old age : it teaches us dlHi- 
 
 4euce in our eartlily state, and inspires us with 
 
 Uioughts of a future. Pope. 
 
 Oh sou! of honour ! 
 Oh earlu lieroe ! Smith's Phaidraand Hippolitns. 
 
 Ea'rly. adv. [from the adjective.] Soon; 
 betimes. 
 
 F.arlij before the morn, ^^ iih crimson ray* 
 The windows of bright heav'n opened liacl. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 NfMie in more languages can show 
 Tiiose arts, which _yc»u so ear/y know. Waller. 
 
 The princess makes her issue like herself, by 
 instilling early into their minds religion, virtue, 
 and honour. Addison. 
 
 To Earn. v. a. [eapman, Sax.] 
 
 1. To gain as the rewartl or wages of la- 
 bour» or any performance. 
 
 'I'liose that have joined witii their honour great 
 perils, are less •iu))ject to vnvy ; for men tliink 
 ihiit tiiey eai-n their honours hardly. Bacon sEssa. 
 
 Winnnir; chenp the hiyh re|)ute, 
 Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milt. 
 
 I to the evil turn 
 My obvious breast ; arming to overcome 
 By suffering, and earn rest from labour won. 
 
 Milton. 
 Men may discern 
 From what consummate virtue I liave chose 
 This perfect man, by merit cail'J my Son, 
 To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton. 
 
 Since they all beg, it were better for the state 
 
 to keep them, eveu although they earned nothing. 
 
 Craimt's Bills oj Mortality. 
 
 This is the great expence of the poor, that takes 
 up almost all their earnings. Locke. 
 
 The poems gained the plagiary wealth, while 
 the author hardly earned his bread by repeating 
 them. Popcon Homer. 
 
 Afler toiling twenty days, 
 To earn a stock of pence and praise. 
 Thy labour's grown the critick's prey. Swift. 
 
 2. To obtain as a consequence of action. 
 
 I can't say whore ; 
 It does abhor me, now i speak the word : 
 To do the act, that might th' addition earn. 
 Not the world's mass of vanity could make me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 EA'RNEST. adj. [eonnej-r. Sax.] 
 
 1 . Ardent in any affection ; wami ; zeal- 
 ous ; importunate. 
 
 He which praycth in due sort, is thereby made 
 the more attentive to hear ; and he which heareth, 
 the more earnest to pray tor tlie lime which we 
 bestow, as well in the one as the other. Hooker. 
 
 2. Intent; fixed; eager. 
 
 On that prospect strange, 
 TUcireamest eyes they fix'd ; imagining, 
 For one forbidden tree, a multitude 
 Now ris'n, to work them further woe or shame. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Tliey are never more earnest to disturb us, than 
 
 when they see us most carneit in this duty. Di/ppa. 
 
 3. Serious ; important. Some say in 
 earnest J not in jesl. 
 
 They whom earnest lets do often hinder from 
 being partakers of the whole, have yet this the 
 length of divine service, opportunity for access 
 unto some reasonable part tliereof. Hooker. 
 
 Ea'rnest. U.S. [fi-om the adjective.] 
 1. Seriousness; a serious event, not a jest; 
 reality, not a feigned appearance. 
 
 Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to 
 earnest. Sidney. 
 
 1 told you Kluius was the hapless wight. 
 Who earnest found what the3' accounted play. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Therewith she laugh'd, and did her earnest end 
 in jest. Fairy Queen. 
 
 That hiah All-seer, which I dallied with, 
 Hath turji'd niy feigned pra_yeron my head, 
 And giv'n in earnest, wliat Ibegg'd in jest. Shak. 
 
 EAR 
 
 Nor can 1 tlilnk that Grid, Creator wise ! 
 Though threat'ning, will in earnest so destroy 
 Us, his prime creatures. Milton. 
 
 But the main business and earnest of the world 
 is money, dominion, and power. L'Estrange. 
 
 We shaJI die in earnest, and it will not tiecome 
 us to live in jest. Government of the Timgae. 
 
 Sempronius, you have acted like yourself; 
 One would Ijave thought you had 'been half in 
 earnest. Addison. 
 
 2. [Ern'itz pciis:e, Dan. arres, Fr.] Pledge ; 
 hand*;el ; finst fruits; token of something 
 of the same kind in futurity. 
 
 Theaposlles term it the handsel or earnest of 
 that which is to come. Hooker. 
 
 VVhich leader shall the doubtful vict'ry bless. 
 And give an earnest of the war's success. Waller. 
 
 It may he looked upon as a pledge and earnest 
 of quiet and tranquillity. Smalrtdge. 
 
 I'he mercies received, great as they are, were 
 earnests and pledges of greater. Atterbury. 
 
 3. The money which is given in token 
 that a bargain is ratified. 
 
 Vou have conspir'd against our person, 
 Join'd with an enemy proclaim'd, and from his 
 
 C( J tiers 
 Receiv'd the golden earnext of out death. Shakenp. 
 
 Pay back the tamest penny received from Sa- 
 tan, and fling away his sin. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Earnestly. adv.[from earnest.] 
 
 1. Warmly ; affectionately ; zealously ; 
 importunately ; intensely. 
 
 When earnestly they seek 
 Such proof, conclude they then begun to fail. 
 
 Milton. 
 Shame is a banishment of him from the good 
 opinion of the world, which every man most ear- 
 nestly desires. SoiUh. 
 Earnestly invoke the goodness and power of an 
 all-merciful and almighty God. $malndge. 
 
 2. Eagerly ; desirously. 
 
 Why so earnestly seek you to put up that let- 
 ter. Shakesp. 
 
 IMy soul, more earnestly rcleas'd, 
 ^^ ill outstrip her's ; as bullets flown before, 
 A latter bullet may o'ertake, the powder being 
 more. Donne. 
 
 Ea'rnestness. 71. s. [from eai^nest .] 
 
 1. Eagerness; warmth; vehemence; im- 
 petuosity. 
 
 Often with a solemn earnestness. 
 More than, indeed, belong'd to such a trifle, 
 He begg'd of me to steal it. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Audacity and confidence doth in business so 
 great ell'ects, as a man may doubt, that besides 
 the very daring and earnestness, and persisting and 
 importunity, there should be some secret binding, 
 and stooping of other men's spi rits to such persons. 
 Bacons Nat. History. 
 
 Marcus isoverwarm ; his fond complaints 
 Have so much earnestness and passion in them, 
 I hear him with a secret kind of horror. 
 And tremble at his vehemence of temper. 
 
 Addison sCato. 
 
 2. Solemnity ; zeal ; seriousness. 
 
 There never was a charge maintained with such 
 a shew of gravity and earnestness, which had a 
 slighter foundation to support it. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Solitude; care; intenseness. 
 
 With overstraining, and earnestness of finishing 
 
 their pieces, they often did them more harm than 
 
 good. Dryden. 
 
 Earsh, U.S. [from fffr to plow.] Aplow- 
 
 ed field. Not now in use. 
 
 Fires oft are good on barren earshes made. 
 With crackling flames to burn the stubble blade. 
 
 May^s Virgil. 
 
 EARTH, ti.s. [eopr, Sax.] 
 
 1. The element distinct from air, fire, or 
 water : soil ; terrene matter. 
 
 'J'he smiling god is seen; while water, eaHh, 
 And air attest his bounty. Thoinson. 
 
 2. The terraqueous globe ; the world. 
 
 EAR 
 
 Nought so vile tli»t on the earth doth live, 
 But to the earth some special good doth Rive. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 This solid globe we live upon is called Ihe earth ; 
 which word, taken in a more lijuited sense, signi- 
 fies such parts of this globe as are capable, being 
 exposed to the air, to give rooting and nourish- 
 ment to plants, so that they may stand and grow 
 in it. Locke. 
 
 3. Different modification of terrene matter. 
 In this sense it has a plural. 
 
 The five genera of c«rt/i5 are, 1. Boles. 2. Clavs. 
 3. Marls. 4 Ochres. 3. Tripelas. Ki/i'sMnt. jfcaii-. 
 
 Earths are opake, insipid, and, when dried, tii- 
 able, or consisting of parts easy to separate, and 
 s()luble in water ; not disposed to burn, flame, or 
 take lire. Wwdicard. 
 
 4. This world opposed to other scenes of 
 existence. 
 
 What are these, 
 So witlier'd and so wild in their attire, 
 'i'liat look not like th' inhabitants o' th' earth. 
 And yet are on't ? Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Tliey can judge as fitly of liis worth. 
 As I can of those mysteries which heav'n 
 Will not have earth to know. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 5. The inhabitants of the earth. 
 
 The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi.l. 
 
 6. Country ; distinct region. 
 
 In ten set battles liave we driven back 
 These heathen Saxons, and regain'd our earth, 
 As earth recovers from the ebbing tide. Qryden. 
 
 7. The act of turning up the ground in 
 tillage, [from ear to plow.] 
 
 Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, 
 Two earths, at the least, ere ye sow it bestow. 
 
 Tvssc. 
 Tu Earth, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To hide in earth. 
 
 The fox is earthed; but I shall send my two 
 tarriers in after him. DryderisSpanish Fryar. 
 
 ■2. To cover with earth. 
 
 Earth up with fresli mould the roots of tliose 
 auricula's which the frost may have uncovered. 
 Evelyn s Calendar. 
 
 ToE.\RTH. v.n. To retire under ground. 
 
 Hence foxes earth'd, and wolves abhorr'd the 
 day, 
 And hungry churls ensnar'd the nightly prey. 
 
 Tickel. 
 
 Ea'rthboard. n. s. [eai-lh and board.l 
 The board of the plow that shakes off 
 the earth. 
 
 The plow reckoned the most proper for stiff 
 black clays, is one that is long, large, and broad, 
 with a deep head and a square earthboard, so as to 
 turn up a great farrow. Mortimer. 
 
 Ea'rthborn. adj. [earth and boi-n.] 
 
 1 . Bom of the earth ; terrigenous. 
 The wounds I make but sow new enemies ; 
 
 Which from their blood, like earthbo)^ brethren 
 rise. Dryden. 
 
 The god for ever great, for ever king, 
 Who slew the earthborn race and measures right 
 To hcav'n's great habitants ! rr'xttr. 
 
 2. Meanly born. 
 
 Earthborn Lycon shall ascend the throne. Smith. 
 
 Ea'rthbound. adj. [earlh and bound.] 
 Fastened by the pressure of the earth. 
 
 Who can impress the forest, bid the tree, 
 Unfix his earthbound root ? Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Ea'rthen. adj. [tromearth.] Made of 
 earth; made of clay. 
 
 About his shelves 
 Green ear(/ien pots, bladders, and musty seeds 
 Were thinlv scatter'd. Shakesp, 
 
 As a rustick was digging the ground by Padua, 
 he found an urn, or earthen pot, in which there 
 was another urn, and ip this lesser a lamp clearly 
 luriiiDg. Wilhim. 
 
 594
 
 EAR 
 
 Tfc« most brittle wjitcr-carriage was used among 
 tlie E^vplians, who, as Srr.ibo sailli, w<iiild sail 
 sonicuuMfS in the buats nuuie uf earthen ware. 
 
 ArhuthiiiKon Couts. 
 
 Ea'kthflax. w. .9. [t'ftrfh am] Jlax.] A 
 kind of fibrous fossil. 
 
 Of English talc, the coarser stiri is called plais- 
 teror paiget ; lUe Cmi^r, earthjlai, or ialainaiider's 
 flair. IVoodward. 
 
 Ea'rthiness. n.s. The quality of con- 
 taining earth ; grossness, 
 
 Ea'rthlino 7i.s. [h-om earth.] An in- 
 habitant of the earth ; a mortal ; a poor 
 frail creature. 
 
 I'o earthlhigfi, the fot)lsIool of God, that stage 
 whicli he raised for a suiall lime, seeineth mai^iii- 
 jiceiit. Drummond . 
 
 Ea'htiily. adj. [fvomeaiih.] 
 I. Not heavenly : vile; mean ; sordid, 
 lint I renicMiher now 
 I'm in th\s curt h III world, where to dn liarm 
 Is oflfii laudable ', to do soud, sometime 
 Acctnmted daiitieroiis folly. Shahcsp, Macbeth. 
 Wlit'ii faith and Itjve, which parted from thee 
 never, 
 fffid ripen'd thy jnst soul to dwell with God, 
 Afeekly thou didst resign this ear(/i/j/ load 
 Of death, call'd life. Milton. 
 
 £. Belonginf;^ only to our present state ; 
 not spiritual. 
 
 Our common necessities, and the lack which we 
 all have as well of ghostly as o( earthly favours, is 
 in each kind easily known. Hooker. 
 
 Y(ni have scarce time 
 To steal from spiritual leisure a brief span, 
 To keep your earthlt/ audit. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 It must be our solemn business and endeavour, 
 at fit reasons, to turn the stream of our thoughts 
 from earthly towards divine objects. Attei-bury, 
 
 3. Corporeal ; not mental. 
 
 Great grace that old man to him given had, 
 For God he often saw, from heaven hight, 
 All were his earthly eyen both blunt and bad. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Sudden he view'd, in spite of all her art, 
 An earthly lover lurking aL lier heart. Piype. 
 
 4, Any thing in the world; a female hy- 
 perbole. 
 
 Oh ! if to dance all night, and dress all day. 
 Charm'd the small-pox, or eh;is'd old-age away. 
 Who would not scorn what housewife's cares pro- 
 duce ? 
 Or who would learn one earthly thing of use ^Pope. 
 
 Ea'rthnut. n.s. [f^r/// and ?jw/.] A pig- 
 nut; a root in shape and sii:e like a nut. 
 
 Where there are earthiiuts in several patches, 
 though the roots lie deep in the gruund, and the 
 stalks be dead, the swine will by tl:eir scent root 
 only where they grow. ' Uai/ 
 
 Ea'rthquake. 71. s. [earth and quake.] 
 Tremor or convulsion of the earth. 
 
 This subterranean heat or fire being In any part 
 of the earth stopt, by some accidental ^lut or ob- 
 struction in the passages through which it used to 
 ascend, and being preternaturaliy assembled in 
 greater quantity into one place, causes a great ra- 
 refaction and nituraesccnce of the water of the 
 abyss, putting it into very great commotions; and 
 making the like elTort upon the earth, expanded 
 upon the face of the abyss, occasions that agita- 
 tion and concussion which we call an earthquake. 
 Woodivard's Natural Historii. 
 
 These tumults were like an tarihqitakc, shaking 
 tlie \Qry foundations of all, than which nothing in 
 the world hath more of horrour. King Charles. 
 
 Was it his youth, his valour, or success, 
 These might perhaps be found in other men : 
 *Twas that respect, tliat awful homaije paid me ; 
 That fearful love which trembled in his eves. 
 And with a silent eanhquakc sliook his soul. 
 
 'Jrydcn. 
 
 E A S 
 
 The country, by reason of its vast caverns and 
 subternneous fires, has been miserably lorn by 
 earthquakes, so that the wliole face of ilisqiiiic 
 changetl. Addixonon Italu. 
 
 Ea'rthshaking. aflj. [earth and shake.] 
 Having power to shake the earth, or to 
 raise earthquakes. 
 
 By the earthshakin^ Neptunr's mace, 
 Anrt Tethvs grave majestick pace. Milton. 
 
 N(Hv scarce withdrawn the fierce earthskaking 
 pow'r, 
 Jove's daughter Pallas watcli'd the favVing hour j 
 Back to their caves she bade the winds t\] fly. 
 And hush'd the blustering brethren of the sty. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ea'rthworm. w. 5, [earth and uwrm.] 
 
 1. A worm bred underground. 
 
 Worms are found in snow commonly, like fa?-(/i- 
 7rorms, and therefore it is not unlike that it may 
 likewise put forth plants. Jiacojis Nat. Hi.st. 
 
 Upon a siiower, after adrou.ht, earthworms iMui 
 land snails innumerable come uut of their lurking 
 places. tiay. 
 
 2. A mean sordid wretch. 
 
 Thy vain contempt, dull earthworm, cease ; 
 I won't for refuge fly. Norris. 
 
 Ea'rthy, aelj. [from earth.] 
 
 1. Consisting of earth. 
 
 Long may'st thou live in Richard's seat to sit. 
 And soon lie Richard in an earthy pit! Shake!^. 
 
 Lamps are inflanied by the admission of new 
 air, when the sepulchres are opened, as we sec 
 in fat earthy vapours of divers sorts. 
 
 Wilkins's Math. Mag. 
 
 All \vater, especially tliat of rain, is stored with 
 matter, light iu comparison of the common earthij 
 matter. Woodward. 
 
 2. Composed or partaking of earth ; ter- 
 rene. 
 
 To survey his dead and far(/)y image. 
 What wereit but to make my sorrow greater. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Him lord pnmonnc'd, lie, O indignity ! 
 Subjected to his service angel-wings. 
 And flaming ministers to watch and tend 
 Their eaj-(''V charge. Milton s Par. L^^st. 
 
 3. Inhabiting the eailh ; terrestrial. 
 Tho^e earthif spirits black and envious are; 
 
 I'll call up otlier gods of form more fair. Dryden. 
 
 4. Relating to earth. 
 
 I\Iine is the shipwreck, in a watr^' sign ; 
 And in an earthy, the dark dungeon tlnrie. Dryd. 
 
 5. Not mental; gross ; not refined. 
 Teach me, dear creature, how to think and 
 
 speak ; 
 Lay open to my earthy gross conceit, 
 Sinother'd in errors, feeble, shallow, weak. 
 The folded meaning of your words deceit. Shak. 
 
 Nor is my flame 
 So earthy, as to need the dull material force 
 Of eyes, or lips, or cheeks. Denham'sSofihy. 
 
 EASE. n. .9. [ff/.sY, Fr.] 
 
 1. Quiet; rest; undisturbed tranquillity ; 
 not solicitude. 
 
 We should not find her half so brave and bold 
 To lead it to the wars and to the seas ; 
 
 To nmke it sufler watchings, hunger, cold, 
 When it might feed with plenty, rest with ease. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 The priest on sktns of olT'rinf; takes his ease. 
 And nightly visions in his slundicr sees.Uryt^.E?!. 
 
 2. Freedom from pain ; a neutr^ state be- 
 tween pain and pleasure. 
 
 That which we call ease is onl3' an indolency, 
 or a freedom fioni pain. L'Pstrajist. 
 
 It is a small crime to wound liimself by anguisli 
 of heart, to deprive himself of alt the pleasures, 
 or eases, or enjoyments of life ? Temple. 
 
 3. Rest after hibour ; intermission of la- 
 bour, 
 
 Give^'ourselves ensf from the falii^ue of waiting. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 4. Facility ; not difficulty. 
 
 E A S 
 
 The willing meial will obey thy band, 
 Fr)llowing with ea<ie, if favour'd by 'I'V fattf, 
 Thou art foreti-ioni'd to virw the fetyijiaii state ; 
 If u<it, no labonf can the tree C(»n*tTain. 
 And strength of stubborn arms and steel are vain. 
 
 Dri/rfm. 
 
 5. Unconstraint ; freedom from harshness, 
 formality, forced behaviour, or conceits. 
 
 True ease in writing comes from art, not cliaiice ; 
 As those move easiest who have learu'd lu dance. 
 
 Pupt. 
 
 6. At Ease, In a state of undisturbed 
 leisure; without pain; without anxiety. 
 
 Lucan content \\iih praitc, may Vn- at ease 
 In costly groits and marble palaces. DnjdetisJar. 
 
 Men of parts and penetration were ijot idly to 
 dispute at their erne, but were lo act according t-- 
 the residt of their debates. I.e>cke. 
 
 No boly is under an ubligtition to know every 
 thing: kn -wiedge and science in general is the 
 business only of those who are at case -Mid leisure. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 To Ease. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To free from pain. 
 
 Help and ease children the best 3'ou can ; but hy 
 no means bemoan them. Locke. 
 
 2. To assuage ; to mitigate ; to alleviate. 
 Thy father made our yoke grievous, now tliere- 
 
 fore fase tliou somewhat the grievous servitude. 
 
 S Chi on. 
 
 Complain, queen Margaret, and tell thy grief ; 
 It shall hceas'd, if France can ^ield relief. Shak. 
 
 As if vsitb sports my sulfcrings I could eate. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 Though he speaks of such medicines as procure 
 sleep, and ease pain, he doih not determine their 
 doses. Arhuthnof. 
 
 AVill lie for sacrifice our •sorrows ease f 
 And can our tears reverse his firm decrees ? Pr'vr. 
 
 3. To relieve from labour, or any thing 
 that offends: with o/before the tiling. 
 
 If ere nii;ht the iiatii'ring clouds we fear, 
 A song will help tlie beating storm to ijear ; 
 And that thou may'st not be too late abroad 
 Sing, and I'll ease thy shoulders <^ thy load.i>ry(L 
 
 I will ease meo^'mme adversaries. i.v2iaA,i.24. 
 
 No body feels pain that he wishes not lo be 
 eased of, with a desire equal to that pain, and in- 
 separable from it. Locke. 
 Ea'seful. adj. [ease and full] Quiet; 
 peaceable ; fit for rest. 
 
 I spy a black, suspicious, threat'ning cloud. 
 That will encounter with our glorious sun, 
 Ere he attain liis easeful western bed. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry \{. 
 
 Ea'sement. n.s. [iromease.] 
 
 1. Assistance; sup^jort ; relief from cx- 
 pences. 
 
 lie has the advantage of a free lu.lging. and 
 some Diher easements. Stoyt. 
 
 2. [Inlaw.] A service tliat one neigh- 
 bour has of another by charter or pre- 
 scription, without profit ; as a way 
 through his ground, a sink, or such like. 
 
 Con'ell, 
 Ea'sily. adv. [fromfff*^^ ] 
 
 1. Without difficulty. 
 
 Sounds move swiftly, and at great distance ; 
 but they require a medium well disposed, and 
 their transmission is easily stopped. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 She ask'd the reason of liis woe ; 
 Sheask'd, hut «ith an air and raien 
 That made it easilu foreseen. 
 
 She fear'd too much to know. Prior. 
 
 2. Without pain; without disturbance; 
 in tr.'mquiilitj\ 
 
 Is it not to bid defiance to all mankind to con- 
 demn their universal opinions and designs, if, in- 
 stead of passing your life as will and easily, you 
 resolve to pass it as ill and as miserable as you 
 can ? TemfU. 
 
 3. Readily ; without reluctance, 
 
 595
 
 E A S 
 
 1 can easilif resign to others die praise of vour 
 illnslrious faniilv- Dryrff/t's Ded. to State of' inno. 
 
 Not soon provok'd, she eastiv forgives ; 
 And much she suffers, as she much believes. Prior. 
 
 Ea'siness. n.s. [i'vome as i/.] 
 
 1. Freedom from difficulty. 
 
 Belie\e riie, friends, loud tumults are not laid 
 With Ji.'df the easiness that ihey are rais'd. 
 
 Ben Jimson. 
 
 Easiness and ditficulty are relative terms, and 
 relate lo some power; and a tiling may be difficult 
 to a weak man, which yet may be easy to the same 
 person, when assisted with a greaterstrencth. 
 
 Tilbtson. 
 
 The seeming easiness of Pindarick verse has 
 made it spread j but it has not been considered. 
 
 Diyden. 
 
 You left a conquest more than half achicv'd, 
 And for whose easiness I almost griev'd. Druden. 
 
 This jilea, under a colour of friendship to reli- 
 f;ion, invites men to it by the easiness of the terniii 
 It offers. Rogers. 
 
 2 . Flexibility ; compliance ; readiness ; 
 not opposition ; not reluctance. 
 
 His 3 ielding unto them in one thing miglit hap- 
 
 f/ily put them in hope, tliat time would breed the 
 ike easiness of condescending further unto them. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Since tlie custom of easiness to alter and change 
 laws is so evil, no doubt but to bear a tolerable 
 sore is better than to venture on a dangerous re- 
 medy. Hooker. 
 Give to him, and he sha)! but laugh at jour ea- 
 siness ; save his life, but, when jou have done, 
 look to your own. South. 
 The safest way to secure honesty, is to lay the 
 foundations of it early in liberality, and an easiness 
 to part with to others whatever they have or like 
 themselves. Locke. 
 
 3. Freedom from constraint ; not effort; 
 not formality. 
 
 Abstruse and mystick thoughts you must express 
 With painful care, but seeming easiness; 
 For truth sliines brightest through the plainest 
 dress. Rosconvnon. 
 
 4. Rest; tranquillity; ease; freedom from 
 pain. 
 
 1 tliink the reason I have assigned hath a great 
 interest in that rest and easiness we enjoy when 
 asleep. Ray. 
 
 EAST. 71, s. [eoft, Sax. heoSj Erse.] 
 
 1 . The quarter where the sun rises : oppo- 
 site to the West. 
 
 They counting forwards towards the East, did 
 allow 180 degrees to the Portugals eastward. 
 
 Ahhot. 
 
 2. The regions in the eastern parts of the 
 world. 
 
 I would not be the villain that thou thinkest 
 For the whole space that 's in the tyrant's grasp, 
 And the rich East to boot. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The gorgeous East, with richest hand. 
 Pours on her kings barbarick, pearl and gold.J^ii/(. 
 
 Ea'stek. n.s. [eaj^rpe, Sax. oostcr, Dut.] 
 The day on which the Christian church 
 commemorates our Saviour's resurrec- 
 tion. 
 
 Didst thou not fall out with a ta^'Ior for wear- 
 ing his new doublet before Easter? 
 
 Shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 Victor's unbrother-like heat tow ards t!ie Eastern 
 churches, in tlie controversy about Easter, foment- 
 ed that difference into a schism. Vecaij of Piety. 
 
 Ea'sterling. n.s, [from East.] 
 
 1. A native of some country eastward to 
 another. 
 
 He oft in battle vanquished 
 Tltose spoilful, rich, and swarming Easterlings. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. A species of waterfowl. 
 Ea'sterly. adj. [from East.] 
 
 1 . Coming from the parts toward the East. 
 
 E A S 
 
 When the eastei-lu winds or breezes are kept off 
 by some high mountains from the vallies, whereby 
 the air, wanting motion, doth become exceeding 
 unhealthful. Raleigh. 
 
 2. Lying towards the East. 
 
 These give us a view of tlic most easterly, south- 
 erly, and westerly parts of England. 
 
 GraunVs Bills of Mortality. 
 
 3. Looking towards the East. 
 
 Water he chuses clear, light, without taste or 
 smell, drawn from springs wilh an easterlu exposi- 
 tion. Arhxithnvt. 
 
 Ea'stern. adj. [from East.] 
 L Dwelling or found in the Blast; orien- 
 tal. 
 Like eastern kings a lazy state they keep. Pope. 
 Eastern tyrants from the light of heaven 
 Seclude their bosom slaves. Thoinson. 
 
 2. Lying or bein^ towards the East. 
 
 The eastern end of the isle rises up in precipices. 
 
 Aadison. 
 
 3. Going towards the East. 
 
 A ship aisea has no certain method in either her 
 easte}'}i or western voyages, or even in her less di- 
 stant sailing from the coasts, to know her longi- 
 tude, or how much she is gone eastward or west- 
 ward, as can easily be known in any clear day or 
 night how muchshe'sgone northward or southward. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 i. Looking towards the East. 
 
 Th' angel caught 
 Our ling'ring'parents, and to lb' eastern gate 
 Led thc'm direct. Milton. 
 
 Ea'stward. adv. [East, and toward.] 
 Towards the East. 
 
 The moon, which performs its motion swifter 
 than the sun, ^ets eastward out of his rays, and 
 appears when the sun is set. Broicns Vuig- Err. 
 
 What shall wc do, or where direct ourtlight? 
 Eastward, as iar as I could cast my si^ht, 
 From op'ning heav'ns, I saw descending light. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Ea'sy. adj. [h'om ease.] 
 
 1. Not difficult. 
 
 The service of God, in the solemn assembly of 
 saints, is a work, though easy, yet withal very 
 weioht3', and of great respect. Hooker. 
 
 Iiow much is it in every one's power to make 
 resolutions to himself, such as he may keep, is easy 
 for every one to try. Locke. 
 
 2. Not causing difficulty. 
 
 The whole island was probably cut into several 
 
 easy ascents, and planted with variety of palaces. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 S. Quiet; at i*est ; not harassed; unmo- 
 lested; secure; not anxious. 
 
 Those that are easy in their conditions, or their 
 minds, refuse often to enter upon publick charges 
 or employment. Temple. 
 
 Keep your thuughls casi/and free, the only tem- 
 per wherein the mind is capable of receiving new 
 informatioTis. Locke. 
 
 A marriage of love is pleasant, a marriage of in- 
 terest easy, and a marriage where both meet hap- 
 py, Addisons Spectator. 
 
 When men are easv in their circumstances, they 
 are naturally enemies to innovations. Addis.Freeh. 
 
 A man should direct all his studies and endea- 
 vours at making himself easy now, and happy 
 hereafter. ' Addisons Spectator. 
 
 We plainly feel whether at this instant we are 
 easu or uneasy, happy or mii^e^able. Smalridge. 
 -i. Free from pain. 
 
 Bold adveiiture to discover wide 
 That dismal world, if any clime perhaps 
 Mi^ht yield them cosier "habitation. _ MUton. 
 
 Pleasure has been the bus'ness of my life, 
 And every change of fortune easy to me, 
 Because 1 still was easy to myself. Vryden. 
 
 5. Complying; um*esisting ; credulous. 
 
 Baited with reasons not un|>laasilile, 
 Win me into the easy hearted man. 
 And hu<i him into snares. Milton. 
 
 With such decriis l;e gain'd their ^asy hearts. 
 Too prone lo credit his perfidious arts. Dryd. j£n. 
 
 EAT 
 
 The kindest father I have ever found him. 
 Easy and f;ood, and bounteous to my wishes. 
 
 Addisojts Cato 
 
 0. Ready ; not unwilling. 
 
 Pity and he are one ; 
 So merciful a king did never live, 
 Loth to revenge, and casi/ to forgive. Drydtn 
 
 7. Free from want of more. 
 
 They should be allowed each of them such a 
 rent as wtjuld make them casii. Sui/'t. 
 
 8. Not constrained ; not stiff. 
 
 Those move easiest that have learn'd to dance. 
 
 P.}pc. 
 Praise the easy vigour of a line. 
 Where Denham's strengtli and Waller's sweetness 
 join- Pupe. 
 
 To EAT. V. a. preterite ate, or eat ; part. 
 eat, or eaten, [eran. Sax. itan. Got. eich, 
 Erse.] 
 
 1. To devour with the mouth. 
 
 Locust shall eat the residue of that which is es- 
 caped from the hail, and shall fat every tree which 
 gruwelh. Eiod. x. .5. 
 
 Other states cannot be accused for not slaying 
 for the first blow, or for not accepting Polyphe- 
 inus's courtesy, to be the last that shall he' ealen 
 up. Bacons }\'ar with Spain. 
 
 Even wormwood, fat with biead, will not bile, 
 because it is mixed wilh a great quantity of spit- 
 tle. Arbutlnwt on Aliments. 
 
 2. To consume ; to corrode. 
 Thou best of gold art worst of gold , 
 
 Others less fine in carrat is more precious. 
 Preserving life in med'cinc potable : 
 But thou,most fine, most honour'd, most renown 'd. 
 Hast !at thy bearer up. Shakesp. Henry l\'. 
 
 They entail a secret curse upon their estates, 
 which does either insensibly waste and consume 
 it, Great out the heart and comfort of it. Tillotson. 
 F.ating cares, 
 
 Lydian airs. Milttm. 
 
 There arises a necessity of keeping the surface 
 
 even, cither by pressure of eating mecticines, that 
 
 the eminence of the flesh may not resist the fibres 
 
 of the skin in their teiidency 'to cover the wound. 
 
 SIturi/sSurgertt. 
 
 .3. To swallow back ; to retract. Tliis is 
 
 only used of a man's word. 
 
 They cannot held, but burst out those words 
 which afterwards they are forced to far. 
 
 HakeioUt on Providence 
 Credit were not lo be lost 
 B" a brave knight errant of the post. 
 That fats, perfidiousl3', his word. 
 And swears his ears through a two inch board. 
 
 Budibras. 
 
 To Eat. i'. n. 
 
 1 . To go to meals ; to take meals ; to feed. 
 
 He did eat continually at the king's table. 
 
 2 Sam. ix. 1.3. 
 
 And when the scribes and pharisees saw him er.t 
 with publicans and sinners, they said tuito his 
 disciples. How is it that he eateth with publicans 
 and sinners? Mar/c, ii. 16. 
 
 2. To take food. 
 
 lie that will not eat till he has a demonstration 
 that it will nourish liini, he that will not stir till 
 he infallit Iv knows the business he goes about will 
 succeed, will have little else to do but sit still and 
 perish. Locke. 
 
 3. To be maintained in food. 
 
 The righteous eateth to thesatisfyingof liis soul, 
 but the belly of the wicked shall w ant.Pror.xiii.25. 
 
 Thou art past the tyrant's stroke ; 
 Care no more tocloatli and eat. Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 But, thanks to my indulgent stars, I eat, 
 Since I hare found the secret to be great. Prior. 
 
 4. To make M'ay by corrosion. 
 
 The plague of sin has even altered his nature, 
 and ea(e« into his very essentials. South. 
 
 A prince's court eais too much into the income 
 of a poor state. Addison's Italy. 
 
 Ea'table, adj. [^om eat.] That may be 
 eaten. 
 
 596
 
 EBB 
 
 Ea'table. n.s. Any thing that may be 
 eaten. 
 
 If you all sorts of persons would engage, 
 Suit well your eatubUs to ev'rv a^je. 
 
 King's Art of CnoJccry. 
 
 Ea'ter. n. s. [from eat.] 
 
 1 . One that eats any thing. 
 
 The Caribees and the Cannibals, almost all, are 
 eaters uf man's flesh. Abbot's Descrip. of the WmUt. 
 
 A knave, a rascal, an euter uf broken meats. 
 
 Shalies]). 
 
 If the taste of this fruit maketh the eaters like 
 gods, why remainest thou a beast. jBroiun's 1 ulg.Er. 
 
 As if "the lotus grew only here, the viittic of 
 whose fruit is to cause in the eaters an oblivion vf 
 all other soils. liou-cil. 
 
 2. A corrosive. 
 
 EATH. adj. [ea=S, Sax.] Easy; not dif- 
 ficult. An old word. 
 Where ease abounds, it's eath to do amiss. 
 
 Fairij Q(ief n. 
 \Viiat works not beauty, man's relenting mind 
 Is eath to move willi plaints and shews of woe. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 The way was straight and eath. Fairfax. 
 
 Eath. aiv. [from the adjective.] Easily. 
 An old word. 
 
 Who hath the world not try'd. 
 From the right way full eath may wander wide. 
 
 Hnbb. Tale. 
 
 Ea'tinghouse. n. s. [eat and home.l A 
 house where provisions are sold ready 
 dressecL 
 
 An hungry traveller stept into an eatinghonse 
 for his dinner. L'Estrange. 
 
 EAVES, n. s. [epej-e, Sax.] The edges 
 of the roof which overhang the house. 
 
 Every night he comes 
 With musick of allsorts, and songs compos'd 
 To her unworthiness : it nothing steads us 
 To chide him from our euies ; for he persists, 
 As if his life lay on't. Shak. All's well that ends veil. 
 
 His tears run down liis beard, like Winter drojts 
 From eaves of reeds. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 If in the beginning of Winter the drops of the 
 eaves of houses come more slowly down than they 
 use, it portendeth a hard and frosty Wiuter.Bacfiri. 
 
 Usher'd with a shower still. 
 When the gust hath blown his fill, 
 Ending on the rustling leaves, 
 With minute drops from olf the eaves. Miltim. 
 
 The icicles bang down from the eaves of houses. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 To Ea'vesdrop. v. a. [eaves and drop.] 
 To catch what comes from the eaves ; in 
 common phrase, to listen tinder win- 
 dows. 
 
 Ea'vesdropper. n. s. [eaves and drop.] 
 A listener under windows ; an insidious 
 listener. 
 
 Under our tents I'll play the eavesdropper. 
 To hear if any mean to shrink from me. Shakesp. 
 
 EBB. n. s. [ebba, efploo. Sax. ebbe, Dut] 
 
 1. The reflux of the tide towards the sea : 
 opposed to flow. 
 
 The\:iear sun on his wi(ie wat'ry glass 
 Gaz'd hot, and of the fresh wave largely drew. 
 As after thirst ; which made their flowing shrink 
 From standing lake to tripping ebb, that stole 
 With soft foot tow'rds the deeji. Milton. 
 
 Hither the seas at slated times resort. 
 And shove the loaden vessels into port ; 
 Then with a gentle ebb retire aiiain. 
 And render back their cargo to the main. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. Decline ; decay ; waste. 
 
 You have finished all the war, and brought all 
 things to that low eWj which you speak of. 
 
 Spejiseron Ireland. 
 This tide of man's life, after it once turnelh and 
 declineth, ever runneth with a perpetual ebb and 
 falling stream, but never iloweth again. 
 
 Raleigh's History. 
 
 E B U 
 
 Thus all the treasure of our flowing years, 
 Our ebb of life for ever takes away. Hoscommon. 
 
 The greatest age for poetry w-as that of Augustus 
 Ca;sar, yet painting was then at its lowest ebb, 
 and perhaps sculpture was also declining. Drydcn. 
 
 Near my apartment let him pris'ner l»e. 
 That t his liourly ebbs of life may see. Dryden. 
 
 AVhat is it he aspires to .^ 
 1?, it not this ? To shed the slow remains. 
 His last poor ebb of blood in your defence. 
 
 Addison's Cuto. 
 
 To Ebb. v. v. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To flow back towards the sea : opposed 
 toflotc. 
 
 Tliiitigh mv tide of blood 
 Math proudly tluw'd In vanity till now. 
 Now it duth'turn and ebb back to the sea. Shak. 
 From thence the tide of fortune left their shore. 
 And ebh'd much faster than 'it Jiou:'d before. 
 
 Dryden's /F.n. 
 
 2. To decline; to decay ; to waste. 
 
 Well, I am standing water: 
 I'll teach you how to flow, 
 Du so : to ebb 
 Hereditary sloth instructs me. Shak. Tempest. 
 
 Butoh,'hefMs.' the smiling waves decay ! 
 For ever lovely stream, for ever stay ! 'Halifax. 
 
 E'ben. \ n. s. [cbcnus, Lat.] A hard, 
 E'bon. > heavy, black, valuable wood, 
 E'bony. j which admits a fine gloss. 
 
 If the wood be very hard, as ebony, or lignim 
 vita-, they are to turn : they use not the same 
 tools they do for soft woods. Moxon'sMeeh. Fxer. 
 
 Oft by" the winds extinct the signal lies, 
 Ere night has half roll'd round her ebmt throne. 
 
 Gay. 
 Ebri'ety. n. a. [ehrlefas, Lat.] Drunk- 
 enness ; intoxication by strong liquors. 
 
 liitter almonds, as an antidote against ebriety, 
 hath commonly failed. Broton's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 EBRILLADE. n.s. [Fr.] A check 
 of the bridle which a horseman gives a 
 horse, by a jerk of one rein, when he re- 
 fuses to turn. 
 
 Ebrio'sity. n. s. [ebriositas, Lat.] Ha- 
 bitual drunkenness. 
 
 That religion w hich excuseth Noah in surprisal, 
 will neither acquit ebriosity nor ebriety in their in- 
 tended perversion. Broicn. 
 
 Ebulli'tion. n.s. [ebullio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Tlie act of boiling up with heat. 
 
 2. Any intestine motion. 
 
 The dissolution of gold and silver disagree ; so 
 that in their mixture there is great ebullition, dark- 
 ness, and, in the end, a precipitation of a black 
 powder. Bacon. 
 
 Iron, in aqua fortis, will fall into ebuUit'ion with 
 noise and emication ; as also a crasse and fumid 
 exhalation, caused from the combat of the sulphur 
 of iron with the acid and nitrous spirits of aqua 
 fortis. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 3. That struggling or effervescence which 
 arises from the mingling together any 
 alkalizate and ;icid liquor ; any intestine 
 violent motion of the parts of a fluid, 
 occasioned by the struggling of particles 
 of different properties. Qitincy. 
 
 When iKpia fortis, or spirit of vitriol, poured 
 upon filings of iron, dissolves the filings with a 
 great heat and ehullition, is not the heat and ebul- 
 lition eftecied by a viulent motion of ihe parts ; 
 and does not their motion argue, that the acid 
 parts of the liquor rush towards the parts ot the 
 metal with violence, and run forcinly into its 
 pores, 'till they get between its outmost particles 
 and the main mass of the metal .' ^eu-ton. 
 
 A violent cold, as well as heat, may be produced 
 by this c6nl(itii»i, for if sal aramoiiiack, or any 
 pure volatile alkali, dissolved in water, be mixed 
 with an acid, an ebullition, with a greater degree 
 of cold, will ensue. Arbuthiiot on Aliments. 
 
 E C C 
 
 ECCE'NTRICAL. ) adj\ [eccentricus, 
 ECCENTRICK. ] l^t.] 
 
 1 . Deviating from the centre. 
 
 2. Not having the same centre with ano- 
 ther circle: such circles were supposed 
 by the Ptolemaick philosophy. 
 
 Astronomers, to solve the pbsenomeiia, framed 
 to their conceits eccentricks andepicjcles,and a 
 wonderful engine of orbs. Bacon. 
 
 ThitTier his course be bends 
 Through the calm frrmamcnt ; but up or down. 
 By centrick or eccentrick, hard to tell. Milton. 
 
 They build, unbuild, contrive. 
 To save appearances : they pird the sphere 
 With centrick, and eccentiick, scribbled o'er. 
 Cycle, and epicvcle, orb in orb. MUUm. 
 
 VVliciice is it that planets move all one and the 
 same way in orbs concentrick, while comets move 
 all manner of ways in orbs very eccenlrick? 
 
 Xeutojis Opticks. 
 
 3. Not terminating in the same point ; not 
 directed by the same principle. 
 
 Whatsoever aH'airs pass such a man's hands, he 
 crookelh them to his own ends ; which must needs 
 be often eccentrick to the ends of his master. 
 
 Bacon's Essavs. 
 
 4. Irregular ; anomalous ; deviating from 
 stated and constant methods. 
 
 This motion, like others of the times, seems ec- 
 centrick and irregular. Ki^ Charles. 
 
 A character of an eccentrick virtue, is the mure 
 exact imageof liuraanlife, because it is not wholly 
 exempted from its frailtits. Dryden. 
 
 Then from wliate'er we can to sense produce, 
 Common and plain, or wondVous and abstruse. 
 From nature's constant or eccentrick laws, 
 The thoughtful soul this gen'ral inference draws, 
 Tliat an eflect must presuppose a cause. Prior. 
 
 EcCENTRi'ciTY. n. s. [from eccentrick.] 
 
 1. Deviation from a centre. 
 
 2. The state of having a different centre 
 from another circle. 
 
 In regard o( eccentricity, and the epicycle wliere- 
 in it movetlij the motion of the moon is unequal. 
 
 Broun, 
 
 By reason of the sun's ecccntJ-icity to the earth, 
 and obliquity to the equator, he appears to us to 
 move unequally. Holder, 
 
 3. Excursion from the proper orb. 
 
 The duke at his return from his eccentricity, for 
 so I account favourites abroad, met no good news. 
 
 IVotton. 
 
 4. Ecce7itricitj/ of the earth is the distance 
 between the focus and the centre of the 
 earth's elliptick orbit, Harris, 
 
 Ecchy'mosis. n. s. [vcxyfM/iriq.'] Livid 
 spots or blotches in the skin, made by 
 extravasated blood, Quincj/. 
 
 Ecchymosis may be defined an e.xtra vasal ion of 
 the hlood in or under the ^kin, the skin remaining 
 «hule. Wiseman. 
 
 Laxatlonsare accompanied with tumour and tc- 
 c/ii/miis(S. H iseman. 
 
 ECCLESIASTIC.\L. ] adj. [ecclesia.- 
 ECCLESIASTICK. j 0>w,Ut.] Re- 
 lating to the church ; not ci\il. 
 
 Is discipline an eccUsiastieal matter or civil .' If 
 an ecclesiastical, it must belong to the duty of the 
 ministers. Hooker. 
 
 Clergymen, otlierwise little fond of obscure 
 terms, vet in their sermons are liberul of those 
 which thev find in cccteiusficai writers. Su-'itt. 
 
 A church of Englandman has a true veneration 
 for the scheme established among us of ecclesias- 
 tick government. Su-iJ}. 
 
 Ecclesia'stick. n.s. [from the adjec- 
 tive.] A person dedicated to the mi- 
 nistries of reHgion. 
 
 597
 
 E C H 
 
 The ambition of tlie tcclfsiasticUs destroyed tlie 
 purity of the cluirch. Burnet's Thenrij. 
 
 ECCOPROTICKS. n. S. [« and «o«rf©-.] 
 Such nietliciiies as gently purfje the bel- 
 ly, so as to bring away no more tlian the 
 natural excrements lodged in the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 The hodv oujitit to be maintained in its daily 
 excretions by such means as itre eccopratick. 
 
 llaneiton the PLigue. 
 Echina'te. \af(i. [from erhhiiis, l.Ht.] 
 Echina'ted. I Bristled like an hedge- 
 hog ; set with prickles. 
 
 An echintited pyrites in shape approaches tlie 
 echmated crystalline balls. \i\wdu-nrd on Fossils. 
 
 ECHINUS, n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 1 . A. hedgehog. 
 
 2. A shell fish setM'ith prickles, 
 
 :J. [With botanists.] The prickly head, 
 cover of the seed, or top of any plant. 
 
 4. [In architecture.] A member or orna- 
 ment, taking- its name from the rough- 
 ness of the carving, resembling the 
 prickly rind of a chesnut, and not unlike 
 the thorny coat of a hedge-hog. 
 
 This orn:imeiit is used by modem Hrchitects in 
 cornices of the loiiick, Curinlhiaii, and Compo- 
 site orders ; and generally set next to tlie abacus, 
 being carved with anchors, darts, and ovals or 
 ecgsr Harris. 
 
 E'CHO. n.s. [ix»; echo, hat.] 
 
 1 . Echo was supposed to have been once 
 a nymph, who pined into a sound for 
 love of Narcissus. 
 
 The plea.sant myrtle may teach th' unfortunate 
 Echo 
 In these woods to resound the renowned name of 
 a goddess. Sidiieu- 
 
 2. The return or percussion of any sound. 
 
 The soun'l, filling great spaces in arched lines, 
 cannot be guided ; therefore there hath not been 
 any means to make artificiai echoes. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. The sound returned. 
 
 Babbliiie fc'jo mocks the hounds, 
 Replying snrilly to the well-lun'd horns. 
 As if a double liunt were heard at once. Shak. 
 
 Wilt thou liunt ? 
 Thy hounds shall make the welkin answer tliem, 
 And fetch shrill echoes from their hollow eartli. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 O woods, O fountains, hillocks, dales, and 
 bow'rs ! 
 With otlier ecAo late I taught your shades 
 To answer, and resound far other song. Milton. 
 
 To you I mourn, nor to the deaf I suig ; 
 The woo.'is shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope. 
 
 *Tis not enough no liarshness gives ott'ence ; 
 The soun;! must seem an echoto the sense. Pope. 
 To E'cHo. r. n. 
 
 1 . To resound ; to give the repercussion of 
 a voice. 
 
 At the parting 
 All the church echo'd. Shak. T(nnit}gof'theShreH\ 
 Through rocks and caves the name of Delia 
 sounds ; 
 Delia each cave and echoing rock rebounds. Pope. 
 
 2, To be sounded back. 
 
 Hark, how the sound disturbs imperious Rome ! 
 Shakes her proud hills, and rolls from dome to 
 
 dome ! 
 Her mitr'd princes hear the echoing noise. 
 And, Albion, dread thy wrath and awful voice. 
 
 Blacknuve. 
 
 To Echo. v,a. To send back a voice; to 
 return what has been uttered. 
 
 Our separatists do but echo the same note. 
 
 DecauoJ Pietrj. 
 With peaJsofiltouts the Tyrians praise tlie song ; 
 Those peals are cc/io'tiby the Trojan throng. 
 
 Dri/den^s JEneid- 
 
 E C L 
 
 One great dealli def..rni3 tlie dreary ground ; 
 The eclio'd woes friuu distant rnclis resimnd. Prior. 
 
 ECLAIIiCr.S.SEMENT »..?. [Fr] Ex- 
 planation; the act of clearing up an 
 affair by verbal e\postiilatioii. 
 
 The eclaiirissemttU ended in the discovery of the 
 infurnier. Cldremlon. 
 
 ECLAT, n.s. [Fr.] Splendour; show; 
 histre. Not Enjilish. 
 
 Nolhinj more ccintjibules to the variety, sur- 
 prize, and eclat of Hunier"s battles, tlian that ar- 
 tificial manner of gajiing his heroes hy each other. 
 Pope's Essrti/oii Homer. 
 
 Ecle'ctick. ar/j. [ijcXsVlix'^.] Selecting; 
 chusing at will. 
 
 Cicero was of the ec/fcticfc sect, and chose out 
 of each sucli positions as came nearest truth. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Ecle'gma. n.s. [sK and Aii;^;ei».] A form 
 of medicine made by the incorporation 
 of oils with syrtips, and which is to be 
 taken upon a liquorice stick. Qumet/. 
 
 ECLIPSE n.s. [s'xAEnro-it.] 
 
 1. An obscuration of the luininaries of 
 heaven ; the sun is eclipsed by tlie in- 
 tervention of the moon ; the moon by the 
 interposition of the earth. The word 
 originally signifies departure from the 
 place, to which Milton alludes. 
 
 Sips of yew, 
 Siivcr'd in tiie moon's fc/i/>se. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Planets, planet-struck, real eclipse 
 Then sufler'd. Milton sParadise Lost. 
 
 So though the sun victorious be, 
 And from a dark eclipse set free. 
 The iiiHucnce, wliich we fondly fear, 
 AJHicts our thoughts the foliowina year. Waller. 
 
 An eclipse of the moon is when the atinospliere 
 of the eartli, between the sun and the moon, hin- 
 ders the light of the sun from falling upon anrl be- 
 ingretiected by the moon : if Uie lishtof the sun 
 is kept off from the whole body of tlte moon, it is 
 a total eclipse; if from a part only, it is a partial 
 one. Locke. 
 
 2. Darkness; obscuration. 
 
 All the posterity of our first parents suffered a 
 penietual eclipse of spiritual life. Raleigh'sHist. 
 
 E.vpcrience we have of the vanity of human 
 glory, in our scatterings M^ii eclipses. King Charles. 
 
 To Eclipse, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To darken a luminary. 
 
 Let the eclipsed moon her throne resign. Sandys. 
 Now if the earth were flat, the dark'ned moon 
 Would seem to all eclipsd as well as one. Creech. 
 
 2. To extinguish ; to put out. 
 
 Then here I take my leave of thee, fair son. 
 Born to eclipse thy life this afternoon. STiafc.H.VI. 
 
 3. To cloud ; to obscure. 
 
 They had seen tokens of more than common 
 greatness, howsoever now eclipsed with fortune. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Praise him to his father : — 
 — Let the prince's glory- 
 Seem to eclipse, and cast a cloud on his. Denh.Sop. 
 
 Let other muses write his jirosp'rous fate, 
 Ofconquer'd nations tell, ami kings restor'd ; 
 
 But mine shall sing of his eclips'd estate, 
 AVhich, like the sun's, more wonders does afford. 
 
 Druden. 
 He descended from his Father, and eclipsed the 
 glory of his divine majesty with a veil of flesh. 
 
 Calamys Sermons. 
 
 4. To disgrace. 
 
 Sh'j tulrl the king, that her luisbaud was eclipsed 
 in Ireland by the no-countenance his majesty had 
 shewed towards him. Clarendon. 
 
 Another now hath to himself engross' fi 
 All pow'r, and us echps'd. MOtons Par. Lost. 
 
 EcLl'pTICK. n. s. [txAii9rTi«o{.] .A. great 
 circle of ihe sphere.supposed to be drawn 
 tlirough the middle of the zodiack, and 
 
 ECO 
 
 making an angle with the Equinoctial, 
 in the points of .Aries and Libra, of 23°. 
 30'. which is the sun's greatest declina- 
 tion. This is by some called tin solis, or 
 the way of the sun, because the sun, in 
 his annual motion, never deviates from 
 this line. This line is drawn on the globe : 
 but in the new astronomy the Eiliplick 
 is that path among the fixed stars, which 
 the eartli appe.irs to describe to an eye 
 placed in the sun, as in its annual mo- 
 tion it runs round the sun from West to 
 East. If you suppose this circle to be 
 divided into twelve equal parts, they 
 will be the twelve signs. Harris. 
 
 All stars that have their distance from tlieEr/i/i- 
 tick northwards not more than twenty-three de- 
 grees and a half, may, in progression of time, have 
 aeclination southward, and move beyond the 
 eq_uator. Broum's Vulg. Lit. 
 
 The terraqueous globe had the same site and 
 position, in respect of the sun, that it now Iiath : 
 its axis was not parallel to that of the Ecliptick, 
 but inclined in tike manner as it is at present. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Historv. 
 
 You must conceive an imaginary plane, which 
 passing through the centre of the sun and ti.e 
 earth, extends itself on all sides as far as the iirnia- 
 meiit : this plane is called the Ecliptick, and in Uiis 
 the centre of tlie earth is perpetually carried, witii- 
 out any deviation. Bentley. 
 
 EcLi'PTiCK. adj. Described by tlie eclip- 
 tick line. 
 
 The earth's rotation makes the night and day ; 
 The sun revolving through ih' Eclipdck way, 
 Effects the various seasons of the year Blackmore. 
 
 E'cLOGUE. n.s. [ixAoyi).] .A pastoral poem, 
 so called because r'fV^V called his pas- 
 torals eclogues. 
 
 What exclaiming praises Basilius gave this 
 eclogue nuy man may guess, that knows love is bel- 
 ter than spectacles to make every thing seeru great. 
 
 Sidiieu 
 
 It is not sufficient that the sentences be brief 
 the whole eclogue shoutrl be so too. Pope' 
 
 ECO'NOMY. n.s. [oi'xoioftla.] This wortl 
 is often written, from its derivation, ftro- 
 nomi/ ; but (e being no diphthong ia 
 English, it is placed here with the au- 
 thorities for different orthograph)'.] 
 
 1. The management of a family; the go- 
 vernment of a household. 
 
 By St. Paul's economy the heir differs nothing 
 from a servant, while he is in his minority ; so a 
 servant should differ nothing from a child in the 
 substantial part. Taylor. 
 
 2. Distribution of expence. 
 
 Particular sums are not laid out to the greatest 
 advantage in his economy ; but are sometimes suf- 
 fered to run waste, while he is only careful of the 
 main. Dryden. 
 
 3. Frugality ; discretion of expence ; lau- 
 dable parsimony. 
 
 I have no olhernotion at economy, than that it 
 is the parent of liberty and ease. Swift to Bolingb. 
 
 4. Disposition of things ; regulation. 
 
 All the divine and infinitely wise ways olecono- 
 my that God could use towards a rational creature, 
 oblige mankind to tliat course of living which is 
 most agreeable to our nature. Hamm. 
 
 5. The disposition or arrangement of any 
 work. 
 
 In the Greek poets, as in Plautus, we see the 
 econotny and disposition of poems better observed 
 than in Terence. Ben Jonson. 
 
 If lliis economy must be observed in the minutest 
 parts of an epick poem, what soul, though sent 
 into the world with great advantages of nature, 
 
 598
 
 ECS 
 
 -Caltivaleil with tlie liberal arts and sciences, can 
 be sufficient to inform the IhkIv of so great a 
 work ? Drydtn's Dcdicat. I.> the .Eneid. 
 
 System of matter ; distribution of every 
 thing active or passive to its proper 
 place. 
 
 These the strainers aid, 
 That by a constant separation made, 
 X)»ev niay ^ tluv economy luaiiitain, 
 £xcJude the noxious parts, tht- good retain. /J/ar^Tn. 
 ECONOMICK. ? /- rr i 
 
 « , > aaj. \irom eco It omt/.\ 
 
 ECONOMICAU ) '^ ^ 
 
 1. Pertaining; to the regulation of an 
 household. 
 
 Her quick'ning pow'r in every living part. 
 Doth as a nurse, or as a mother serve ; 
 
 And doth employ h^r economick art, 
 And busy care, her household to preserve. Dacifs. 
 
 In economical affairs, having proposed the go- 
 ▼erumeiit cf a family, we consider the proper 
 means to effect it. Watts. 
 
 2, Frugal. 
 
 Some are so plainly economical, as e'en to desire 
 that the seat be welf watered, and well swelled. 
 IVottnn's Architecture. 
 ECPHRACTICKS. ft, S. [iV and (p^arlu.] 
 Such medicines as render rough hu- 
 mours more thin, so as to promote their 
 discharge. Qu in cy . 
 
 Procure the blood a free course. Teutilation, and 
 tr&nspiiatlou, by suitable purges and ecphractick 
 medicines. Harvey. 
 
 E'CSTACY. n. s. [«r«cr.5.] 
 
 1. Any passion by which the thoughts are 
 absorbed, and in which the mind is for 
 a time lost. 
 
 Follow them swiftly. 
 And hinder theui from wliat tfiis ecstasy 
 May nuw provoke them to. SItakesp. Tempest. 
 
 'T may be 
 No longer joy tliere, but an ecshisy. Suckling. 
 Wliether what we call ecstasy be not dreaming 
 with our eyes open, I leave to be examined. LooAc. 
 
 2. Excessive joy ; rapture. 
 
 love, be moderate ! allay thy ecstMy ! Shak. 
 
 The relifjious pleasure of a well-disposed mind 
 moves gently, and therefore constantly : it does 
 not affect by rapture and eesfosi/ ; but is iilte the 
 pleasure of health, still and sober. South, 
 
 Each delighted, and delighting, gives 
 The pleasing ecstasy which each receives. Prior. 
 
 A pleasure, whicn no language can e.vpress ; 
 An ecstasy that mothers onlv feel. 
 Plays round my heart. Pkilips's Distrest blather. 
 
 3. Enthusiasm ; excessive elevation and 
 absorption of the mind. 
 
 He lov'd me well, and oft would beg me sing ; 
 Which when I did, he on the tender grass 
 Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasu. Milton. 
 
 4. Excessive grief or anxiety. This is not 
 now used. 
 
 Siglis and groans, and shrieks that renil the air. 
 Are made, not mark'd ; where violent sorrow seems 
 A modern ecstasu. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Belter be with the dead, 
 Than on ihe torture of the mind to lie 
 In restless ecstasy. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 5. Madness ; distraction. This sense is 
 not now in use. 
 
 Now see that noble and most sovereign reason. 
 Like sweet bells jangled out of tune, and harsh, 
 That uninatch'd form, and feature of blown youth, 
 Blasted with ecstasy. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 E'CSTASIED. atlj. [{rom ecstasi/.] Ravish- 
 ed; filled with enthusiasm. 
 
 Tliese are as common to the inanimate things 
 as to the most ecstasied soul upon earth. Norris. 
 
 ECSTATICK. 5 "''J- [«^«^'"5-] 
 
 1. Ravished ; rapturous ; elevated bejond 
 die usual bounds of nature. 
 
 E D G 
 
 There Hotb my soul in holy vision sit. 
 In pensive trance, and ajiguisli, and eaUilick fit. 
 
 A/i(lu«. 
 
 When one of them, after an ecstatical manner, 
 
 fell down before an angel, he was severely rchiik- 
 
 ed, and hidden to worship God. .Stitiingjleet. 
 
 In trance ecstatick may thy pangs be drown'd ; 
 
 Bright chnids descend, and angels walch thee 
 
 round. Pope. 
 
 2. Raised to the lughest degree of joy. 
 
 To gain Fescennius one employs his schemes ; 
 
 One grasps a C ecrops in ecsttiticlt dreams. Piype. 
 
 S. Tending to external objects. 1 his sense 
 is, 1 think, only to be found once, though 
 agreeable enough to the d rivation. 
 
 I find in me agreat deftlof ecitiitiranove, which 
 continually carries rae out to gotxi without my- 
 self. lYoTTK. 
 
 E'CTYPE. 77. S. [("xTi/irO-.] A copy. 
 
 _The complex ideas of substances are ectuprs, co- 
 pies, but not perfect •nes ; not adequate." Ltvhe. 
 
 E'ciRiE. 77.*. [Fr. eguus, Lat.] A place 
 covered for the lodging or housing of 
 horses. 
 
 Eda'ckhs. adj. [edax, Lat.] Eating; 
 voracious ; devouring ; predatory ; ra- 
 venous ; rapacious; greedy. 
 
 Edacity 7i. s. [edaci/ns, Lat.] Voracity; 
 ravenousness ; greediness ; rapacity. 
 _ The wolf is a beast of great edacity, and diges- 
 tion ; it may be tlie parts of Iiim comfort tlie bow- 
 els. Eacr.n. 
 
 To E'DDER. V. a. [probably from edge.] 
 To bind or interweave a fence. Not in 
 use. 
 
 To add strength to the hedge, edder it ; which 
 is, bind the top of the stakes with some small long 
 poles on each side. Mmtimer's Husbandry'. 
 
 Edder. n.s. [from the verb.] Such 
 fencewood as is commonly put upon the 
 top of fences. Not in use. 
 
 In lopping and felling, save edder and stake, 
 Thine hedges, as necdeth, to mend or to make. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 E'DDY. 77. s. [eb backward, again, and 
 ea u'ater. Sax.] 
 
 1. The water that by some repercussion, 
 or opposite wind, runs contrary to the 
 main stream. 
 
 IVIy praises arc as a bulrush upon a stream ; if 
 they sink not, 'tis because they are born up by 
 the strength of the current, which supports their 
 lightness ; but they are carried round again, and 
 return on the eddy where they first began. Dn/den. 
 
 2. Whirlptx)! ; circular motion. 
 
 The wild waves master'd hira,andsuck'dhimin, 
 And smiling frfdifs dimpled on the main. Driidcn. 
 
 So, where our wide Numidian wastes extend. 
 Sudden th' impetuous hurricanes descend. 
 Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. 
 Tear up the sands, and sweep whole plains awav. 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 Eddy. adj. \^'hirling; moving circu- 
 larly. 
 
 .■\nd chaff with eddy winds is whirl'd around, 
 And dancing leaves are lifted from the groirnd. 
 
 Drydejt^s Virgil. 
 
 Edemato'se. adj. [oi'J,;^*.] Swelling; 
 full of humours : cofhmonly written 
 oedematou.i. 
 
 A serosity obstructing the glands maybe wate- 
 ry, edematose, ajid schirrous, according to the vis- 
 cosity of the humour. Arbnthrwt. 
 
 Ede'ntatrd. adj. [edentatus, Lat] De- 
 prived of teeth. Did. 
 
 EDGE. n. *. [ecje, Sax.] 
 
 I. The thin or cutting part of a blade. 
 Seize upon Fife ; give to the ed^e o' th' sword 
 His wife, Ws babes. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 E D c; 
 
 He that will a good edre win, 
 JWnst forge thick, and grind thin. Prmerh 
 
 'i'he edge of war, like an ill-shealhcd knife, 
 No more shall cut his master. Sttakau. 
 
 'Tis slander, 
 Whote edge is sharjier than the svtord.Shak.ti/mh 
 
 2. A narrow part rising from a broader. 
 Some harrow their ground over, and then plow 
 
 it ujKin an edge. Mortimer's Hushandry. 
 
 3. Brink; margin; extremity. 
 
 The rays which pass very near lo the edges of 
 any body, are bent a little by the action of ll:e 
 boay. yeuton's Opticks. 
 
 Vve liave, for many years, walked uin^n the edge 
 of a precipice, while nothing but ilie slender thrrail 
 of human life has held us from sinking into end- 
 less misery. Rngert. 
 
 Yes, the last pen for freedom let me draw. 
 When Irutli stands trembling on the edge of law. 
 
 Pope 
 
 4. Sharpness of mind; proper disposition 
 for action or operation ; intenscness of 
 desire. 
 
 Give him a further edge. 
 And drive his purpose into these delights. 
 
 ShiSesp. Huitiet. 
 But when long time the wretches thoughts re- 
 fiii'd, 
 AVhen want had set an edge upon their mind, 
 Then various cares their working thooghts em 
 
 ploy'd. 
 And that which eadi iiiTented, all enjov'd. 
 
 Creech's Mrai/. 
 
 Silence and solitnde set anf<fgf upon the genius, 
 
 and cause a greater application. Driid.DuJrttniyy. 
 
 5. Keenness ; acrimony of temper. 
 
 ^ Abate the edge of traitors, gracious Lord I 
 That would reduce these bluodv days again. 
 
 'Shakesp. Bich. HI. 
 
 6. To set Teeth on Edge. To cause a 
 
 tinglhig uneasiness in the teeth. 
 A harsh grating tune setuih the teeth on edge.Bac 
 To Edge. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To sharpen : to enable to cut. 
 There sat she rolling her alluring eyes. 
 
 To edge her champion's sword, and urge my ruin. 
 
 iJrydin. 
 
 2. To furnish with an edge. 
 
 I fell'd altmg a man of bearded face. 
 His limbs all cover'd with a shining case ; 
 So \vond'rous hard, and so secure of wound. 
 It made my sword, though edg'd with flint, re- 
 bounti. Dryden. 
 
 3. To border with any thing; to fringe. 
 
 Their long descending train. 
 With rubies cdg'd, and sapphires, swept the plain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 I rid over liaiiging hills, whose tops were aiged 
 
 with groves, and whose feet were watered with 
 
 winding rivers. Pope. 
 
 4. To exasperate ; to embitter. 
 
 By such rensoiungs the simple wtre blinded, 
 and tlie malicious edged Havuanl. 
 
 He was indigent and low in money, which per- 
 haps might have a little edged his desperation. 
 
 11 'uHi.n's LifiifD. of Bucks. 
 
 5. To put forward bejond a line. 
 
 Edging by degrees their c'nairs forwards, tbey 
 were in a little time got up close to one another. 
 
 Lrke. 
 
 To Edge. v. n. [perhaps from eo back- 
 ward. Sax.] To move forward against 
 any power ; going close upon a wind, as 
 if upon its skirts or border, and so sailing 
 slow. 
 
 1 must edoe upon a point of wind, 
 -\nd make slow way. Dryden $ Cleomenes. 
 
 Edged, participial adj. [from edge.] 
 Sharp : not blunt. 
 
 \\'e find that subtile or edged quantities do pre- 
 vail over blunt ones. Digbuon Bodies. 
 
 E'dging. n.s. [fromedse.] 
 
 1. What is added to any thing byway of 
 ornament. 
 
 589
 
 E D I 
 
 The gariand which 1 wove for you to wear, 
 And border'd with a rosy edging round. Dryden. 
 A woniiin hiaiichL's out into a lone; dissertation 
 upon the edging of :t petticoat. Addison 5 Spec t. 
 2. A narrow lace. 
 
 E'dgeless. adj. [from edge, 1 Blunt; 
 obtuse ; unable to cut. 
 
 To-murniw in the battle think on rae, 
 And fail tliy edgeless sword ; despair and die. 
 
 Shakesp. Uich. III. 
 
 Tiiey aie edgeless weapons it hath to encounter. 
 
 Decay of Pietij- 
 
 E'dgetool. n,s. [edge and tool.] A too] 
 made sharp to cut. 
 
 There must be no playing with things sacred, 
 nor jestinc with edgf(oiils. L'Estrangc. 
 
 Nurses from their cliildren keep edgetooU. Dorset. 
 
 I shall exercise upon steel, and its several sorts ; 
 and what sort is fittest for edgetooU, which for 
 springs. Mnion. 
 
 E'DGbWiSE. adv. [edge and wise.] With 
 the edge put into any particular direc- 
 tion. 
 
 Should the flat side be objected to the stream, it 
 would be soon turned edgewise by the force of it. 
 
 Bay. 
 
 Edible, adj. [from erfo, Lat.] Fit to be 
 eaten ; fit for food. 
 
 Some flesh is not edible, as horses and dogs. Bac. 
 
 AVheat and barley, and the like, are made either 
 edible or^jolable by man's art and industry. 
 
 More against Athcis7n. 
 
 Some of the fungus kind, gathered for edible 
 mushrooms, have produced a difficulty of breath- 
 ing. _ Arbiithnot. 
 
 The edible creation decks the board. Prior. 
 
 E'dict. m. s. [edicfumj Lat.] A procla- 
 mation or command of prohibition ; a 
 law promulgated. 
 
 When an absolute monarch commandeth his 
 subjects tliat which seemeth good in his own dis- 
 cretion, liath not his edict the^ force of a law ? 
 
 Hooker. 
 The great King of kings, 
 Hath in the table of liis law commanded 
 That thou shall do no mnrdcr ; will you then 
 Spurn at his edicts and fulfil a man's ? 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 Severe decrees may keep our tongues in awe. 
 But to our thoughts what edict can give law ? 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 The ministers are always preaching, and the 
 
 ^overnours putting out edicts against gaming and 
 
 tine cloaths. Addison. 
 
 Edifica'tion. 7i. s. [edificatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of building up man in the faith ; 
 improvement in holiness. 
 
 Our blessed Saviour told us, that we must ac- 
 count for every idle word, not meaning tliat every 
 word not designed for edijication, or less prudent, 
 shall be reckoned for a sin. Taylor. 
 
 2. Improvement; instruction. 
 
 Out of these magazines 1 shall supply the town 
 with what may tend to their edijication. 
 
 Addison s Guardian. 
 
 E'dtfice. n.s. [(cdijicium^ Lat.] A fa- 
 brick ; a building ; a structure. 
 
 My love was like a fair house built on another 
 man's ground ; so that I have lost my edip.ce by 
 mistakmg the place where I erected it. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 God built 
 So spacious, and his line stretch'd out so far, 
 Tliat man may knyw lie dwells not in his own ; 
 An edifice too laige for him to fill. Miltoii. 
 
 The edifice, where all were met to see him, 
 Upon their heails and on his own lie pull'd. Milt. 
 
 As Tuscan pillars owe theif original to this 
 country, the arcliitccts always give them a place 
 in edifices raises t in Tuscany. Addison on Italij. 
 
 He must be an idiot tliat caniiot discern more 
 strokes of workmanship in the structure of an ani- 
 mal than in the most elegant edifice. Bentlt-y. 
 
 E D i; 
 
 Edifi'er. n. .f. [from «/(/}/.] One that 
 
 improves or instructs another. 
 To EDIFY, v.a. [cdific o, Lat.] 
 
 1. To build. 
 
 There was a holy chapel ed'if'y'd, 
 Wherein the hermit wont tu say 
 His holy tlnn'^s eacli morn and eventide. Spenser. 
 
 Men have edify d 
 A lofty temple, and perfum'cl an altar to thy name. 
 
 Chapm. 
 
 2. To instruct; to improve. 
 
 He who speakelli no more than edifieth, is un- 
 deservedly reprehended forrauch speaking. 
 
 Honker. 
 
 Men are edified when either their understanding 
 
 is taught somewhat whereof, in such actions, it 
 
 behoveth all men to consider, or when their hearts 
 
 are moved with an^' affection suitable tliereunto. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Life is no life, without the blessing of a friendly 
 
 and an edifying conversation. L'Estrangc. 
 
 He gave, he taught ; and edij'y\l tlie mure, 
 Because he shew'd, by proof, 'twas easy to be 
 poor. 'Dryden. 
 
 3. To teach ; to persuade. This is now 
 either obsolete or ludicrous. 
 
 You shall hardly edify me, tliat those nations 
 might not, by the law of nature, have been sub- 
 dued by any nation that had only policy and mo- 
 ral virtue. Bacon's Hohi War. 
 E'dile. n.s. [fedilisy La.t.] The title of 
 a magistrate in old Rome, vyhose office 
 seems in some particulars to have re- 
 sembled that of our justices of peace. 
 The edile, lio I let him be apprehended. Sliak. 
 
 EDITION, n. s. [edifio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Publication of any thing, particularly 
 of a book. 
 
 This English edition is not so properly a trans- 
 lation, as a new composition upon the same 
 ground. Bumct. 
 
 2. Republication ; generally with some 
 revisal or correcting. 
 
 These are of the second edition. Shakes]^. 
 
 The business of our redemption is to ruh over 
 the defaced copy of the creation, to reprint God's 
 image upon the soul, and to set forth nature in a 
 second and a fairer edition. South. 
 
 I cannot go so far as he who published the last 
 edition of him. Dryden s Fables, Preface. 
 
 The Code, composed hastily, was forced to un- 
 dergo an emendation, and tu come forth in a se- 
 cond edition. Baker. 
 
 E'ditor. 71, s. [editor, Lat] Publisher; 
 he that revises or prepares any work for 
 publication. 
 
 When a ditferent reading gives us a different 
 sense, or a new elegance in an author, the editor 
 does very well in talking notice of it. Addis. Spect. 
 
 This nonsense got into all the editions by a mis- 
 take of the stage editoi's. Pope's Notes on Shakesp. 
 
 ToE'DUCATE. v.a. [due o, Lat.] To 
 breed; to bring up ; to instruct youth. 
 
 Their young succession all tlicir cares employ ; 
 Tiiey breed, tliey brood, instruct and educate. 
 And make provision for the future stale. Drud. I'ir. 
 
 Education is worse, in proportion to the gran- 
 deur of the parents : if the wliole world were un- 
 der one monarch, the heir of that monarcli would 
 be the worst educated mortal since the creation. 
 
 SuiJ't oil Modem Education. 
 
 Educa'tion. n.s. [ii'om educate.] For- 
 mation of manners in youth ; the man- 
 ner of breeding youth; nurture. 
 
 Education and instruction are the means, the 
 one by use, the other by precept, to make our na- 
 tural faculty of reason both the better and the 
 sooner to judge rightly between truth and error, 
 good and evil. Hooker. 
 
 AH nations have agreed in the necessity of a 
 strict education, which consisted in the observance 
 of moral duties. Swift. 
 
 £ F F 
 
 To EDU'CE. V. a. [educo, Lat.] To bring 
 out: to extract; to produce from a state 
 of occultation. 
 
 That the world was educed out of the power of 
 space, give tliat as a reason of its original : in this 
 language, to grow rich, were to eduee money out 
 ol the power of the pocket. Glanvitle. 
 
 1 Ins matter must have lain eternally confined to 
 Its beds of earth, were there not this agent toerfure 
 " ,'™,"™- , Woodward. 
 
 1 h eternal art educes good from ill. 
 Grafts on this passion our best principle. Pope 
 
 Enu'cTioN. n.s. [from educe.] The act 
 of bringinjcr any thing into view. 
 
 Tt- EDULCORATE, v.a. [from dulcis, 
 Lat.] To sweeten ; a chymical term. 
 
 Edulcora'tion. n.s. [from edulcorate.] 
 The act of sweetening. 
 
 To Eek. v. a. [eacan, ecan, ican. Sax. eak, 
 Scott, ech; Erse.] 
 
 1 . To make bigger by the addition of an- 
 other piece. 
 
 2. To supply any deficiency. See Eke. 
 Hence endless penance for our fault 1 pay : 
 
 But that redoubled crime, with vengeance new. 
 Thou hiddest me to e^e. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Eel. n.s. [oel. Sax. <?(//, Ger.] A serpen- 
 tine slimy fish, that lurks in mud. 
 
 Is the adder better than the eel, 
 
 Because his painted skin contents the eye? Shak. 
 
 The Cockney put the eets i' th' pasty alive. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 E'en. adv. Contracted from even. See 
 Even. 
 
 Says the satyr, if you h.ive a trick of blowing 
 hot and cold out of tlie same mouth, I have e'en 
 done with you. L'Estrange. 
 
 Eff. w. s. Commonly written Eft. A 
 small lizard. 
 
 E'ffable. adj. [iffabilis, Lat.] Expres- 
 sive ; utterable. Diet. 
 
 To Effa'ce. v. a. [effaccr, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To destroy any thing painted, or carv- 
 ed. 
 
 2. To make no more legible or visible ; to 
 blot out ; to strike out. 
 
 Characters on dust, the first breath of wind ef- 
 /««s- Locke. 
 
 It was ordered, that his name should be effaced 
 out of all publick registers. Addisonon Italy, 
 
 Time, I said, may happily efface 
 'i"hat cruel image of the king's disgrace. Prior. 
 
 Otway fail'd to polish or refine. 
 And fluent Shakespeare scarce effaced a line. Pope. 
 
 3. To destroy ; to wear away. 
 
 Nor our admission shall your realm disgrace. 
 Nor length of time our gratitude efface. Dryd. jEn. 
 
 Effect, n. s. [effectus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . That which is produced by an operat ■ 
 ing cause. 
 
 Vou may see by her example, in herself \v*8e, 
 and (jf others beloved, that neither folly is the cause 
 of vehement love, nor reproach the effect. Sidney. 
 
 Effect is the substance produced, or simple idea 
 introduced intj any subject, by the exerting of 
 power. Locke. 
 
 We see the pernicious effects of luxury in the 
 ancient Romans, who imiiiediately found them- 
 selves poor as soon as this vice got footing among 
 them. Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. Consequence ; event. 
 
 No man, \n effect, doth accompany with others, 
 but he learncth, ere he is aware, some gesture, or 
 voice, or fashion. Bacoiis Nat. Hist. 
 
 To say of a celebrated piece that there are faults 
 in it, is, in e^ecf, to say that the author of rt is a 
 man. Addison. 
 
 3. Purpose; meaning; general intent. 
 They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. 
 
 600
 
 E F F 
 
 4. Consequence intended; success; ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Christ is become of no effect unto you. Gal. \.i. 
 
 He should depart only with a title, the effect 
 whereof he should not be possessed of, before he 
 deserved it. Ctarerulon. 
 
 The histitution has hitherto proved without 
 ejfect, and has neither extinguished crimes, nor 
 lessened the numbers of criinmals. Temple. 
 
 5. Completion; perfection. 
 
 Not so worthily to be brought to heroic.il cj/lrl 
 by fortune or necessity, like Llysses and yEneas, 
 as by one's own choice and working. Sidney. 
 
 Semblant art shall carve the fair effect, 
 And full atchievementof thy great designs. Prior. 
 C. Reality ; not mere appearance. 
 
 In shew, a marvellous indilTerently composed 
 !>enatc ecclesiastical was to govern, but in effect 
 one only raan should, as the spirit and soul of the 
 residue, do all in all. Hooked. 
 
 State and wealth, the business and the crowd. 
 Seems at this distance but a darker cloud ; 
 And is to him, wlio rightly things esteems, 
 No other in effect than what it seems. Denham. 
 7. [In the plural.] Goods; moveables. 
 What form of prayer 
 Can serve mv turn ? Forgive me my foul raurther ! 
 That cannotlje, since I am still possest 
 Of those effects for which I did the murther, 
 - My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. 
 
 bhakesp. 
 
 The emperor knew that they could not convey 
 
 away many of their effects. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 To Effe'ct. I', a. [ifficio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To bring to pass ; to attempt with suc- 
 cess ; to atchieve ; to accomplish as an 
 agent. 
 
 Being consul, I doubt not t' effect 
 All that you wish. BenJoiison. 
 
 2. To produce as a cause. 
 
 The cliange made of that syrup into a purple 
 colour, was effected by the vinegar. Boyle oji Cobnrs. 
 
 Effe'ctible. adj. [from effect.'] Per- 
 forniable ; practicable ; feasible. 
 
 That a pot full of ashes \\ ill still contain as much 
 water as it would without them, is not eff'ectible 
 upon the strictest experiment. Brov:rLS Vutg. Err. 
 
 Effe'ctive. adj. [from effect.] 
 1. Having the power to produce effects; 
 efficacious; effectual: with o/. 
 
 They are not effective */'any thing, nor leave no 
 work behind them. Bacon. 
 
 If any mystery, rite, or sacrament be effective 
 of any spiritual blessings, then this much more, 
 as having the prerogative and principality above 
 every thing else. Taylor. 
 
 There is Jiothing in words and stiles but suit- 
 ableness, that makes them acceptable and ejfectiie 
 
 Gianiillc. 
 
 1. Operative ; active ; having the quality 
 of producing effects. 
 
 ^lOr do they speak properly who say that time 
 coiisuineth all thuigs ; for time is not eljcctive, nor 
 are bodies destroyed by it. Broiens Vutg. Errours. 
 
 3. Producing effects ; efficient. 
 Whosoever is an effective real cause of doing his 
 
 neighbour wrong is criminal, by what instrument 
 soever he does it. Tatjtor. 
 
 4. Having the power of operation ; use- 
 ful : as, ffcctive men in an army. 
 
 Effectively, adv. [from effective.] 
 Powerfully ; with real operation. 
 
 This eff'ectirelti resists the devil, and suffers us to 
 receive no hurt from him. Taylor's Rule of Lie. Holq. 
 
 Effectless, adj. [from effect!] With- 
 out effect ; impotent ; useless ; unmean- 
 ing. 
 
 I'll chop off my hands ; 
 In bootless prayer have they been held up, 
 And they have serv'd me lo effectless use. Shokesp. 
 
 Effe'ctor, n. s. [effector, Lat.] 
 Vol. I. 
 
 E F F 
 
 1. He that produces any effect; performer. 
 
 2. Maker; Creator. 
 
 AVccoiiiiiiemoratc the creation, and pay worship 
 to tliat infinite Being who was llie effcctur of it. 
 
 Verham. 
 
 Effe'ctual. adj. [effectucl, Fr.] 
 
 1. Productive of effects ; powerful to a 
 degree adequate to the occasion; operji- 
 tive; efficacious. 
 
 The readinj^ uf scripture is efcctual, as well to 
 lay even the tlrsl fuwiidatioii, as to add degrees of 
 farther perfection, in (he fear of God. Honker. 
 
 The conniiunicatiun of thy faitii may become 
 effectual, by the acknowleaging of Lvury good 
 thing. Phitem. 6. 
 
 2. Veracious; expressive of facts. A sense 
 not in use. 
 
 Reprove my allegation, if you can; 
 Or else conclude my words c^'ectuaL Shukcsp. 
 
 Effe'ctually. adv. [from (fftcfiwl.] In 
 a manner productive of the consequence 
 intended ; efficaciously. 
 
 Sometimes the sit'Iit of tlie aitar, and decent 
 preparations for devotir.n, may compose and re- 
 cover the wandering luhid more tjj'tctuatly than a 
 sermon. South. 
 
 A subject of that vast latitude, that the strength 
 of one man will scarcely be sulhcieut effectually to 
 carry it on. Wooduard. 
 
 To Effe'ctuate, V, a. \effectmr, Fr.] 
 To bring to pass ; to fulfil. 
 
 He found means to acquaint himself with a 
 nobleman, to whom discovering what he was, he 
 found liim a tit instrument to e^ectuate his desire. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Effe'minacy. n,s, [from effeminate.] 
 
 1. Admission of the qualities of a woman ; 
 softness ; unmanly delicacy ; mean sub- 
 mission. 
 
 But foul effeminacy held me yok'd 
 Her bond slave : O indignity, O blot 
 To lionour and religion ! Milton s Agonistcs. 
 
 2. Lasciviousness ; loose pleasure. 
 
 So long as idleness is quite shut out from our 
 lives, all the sins of wantonness, softness, and ejc- 
 minacy are prevented. Taylor. 
 
 EFFEMINATE, adj. [effcminatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Having the qualities of a woman ; wo- 
 manish ; soft to an unmanly degree ; 
 voluptuous ; tender; luxurious : of per- 
 sons. 
 
 The king, by his voluptuous life and mean mar- 
 riage, became effeminate, and less sensible of 
 honour. Bacon. 
 
 2. Resembling the practice of a woman; 
 womanish : of things. 
 
 After the slaughter of so many peers, 
 Shall we at last conclude e/?e»ii/ja(e peace ?5/ia/cf5p. 
 
 From man's effeminate slackness it begiiis, 
 Who should better hold his place. Milton. 
 
 The more effeminate and soft his life, 
 The more .lis fame to strugtjle to tiie field. Dryd. 
 
 3. Womanlike; soft without reproach. A 
 sense not in itse. 
 
 As well we know your tenderness of heart, 
 And gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shakcsjy. 
 
 T<> Effe'minate. v. a, [effemino, Lat.] 
 To make womanish ; lo weaken ; to 
 emasculate ; to unman. 
 
 \Vhcn one is sure it will not corrupt or f^i^ni- 
 nate children's minds, and make them fond of 
 trifles, I think all things should be contrived to 
 their satisfaction. Locke. 
 
 To Effe'minate. v. 71, To grow wo- 
 manish ; to soften ; to melt into weak- 
 ness. 
 
 In a slothful peace both courage wiU effeminate 
 and manners corrupt. Pcpe. 
 
 E F F 
 
 Effemina'tion. n.s. [from effeminate.] 
 The state of one grown womanish; the 
 state of one emasculated or unmanned. 
 Vices the hare figured ; not only feneration, or 
 usury, from its fecundity and superfelation, but 
 degenerate effemination. iiroan's Vutg. Err. 
 
 To EFFERVE'SCE. v. n. [effervesco, Lat.] 
 To generate heat by intestine motion. 
 
 The compound spiritof nitre, puttooil of cloves, 
 will effervesce evco to a flame. 
 
 Mead on Poisont. 
 
 Efferve'scence. n. s. [from efferveo, 
 Lat.] The act of growing hot ; pro- 
 duction of heat by intestine motion. 
 
 In the chvmical sense, effervescence signifies an 
 intestine motion, produced by mixing two bodies 
 togellier that lay at rest before ; attended tome- 
 times withaiiissmg noise, frothing, and ebullition. 
 Arhulhnot on Aliments. 
 
 Take chalk, ignite it in a crucible, and then 
 jjouder it: putlt into strong spirit of nitre, 'till 
 it becomes sweetish, and makes no effervescence 
 ujton the injection of the chalk. Grctr. 
 
 Hot springs do not owe their heat to any col- 
 luctalion or effervescence of tlie minerals in them, 
 but to subterranean heat or fire. Woodw. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Effe'te. adj. [effatus, Lat.] 
 
 L Barren ; disabled from generation. 
 
 It is probable that females have in them the 
 seeds of all the young they will afterwards bring 
 forth, which, all spent and exhausted, the animal 
 becomes barren and effete. Roy. 
 
 In most countries the earth would be so parched 
 and effete by the drought, that it would afiord but 
 one harvest. Bentlcy. 
 
 2. Worn out with age. 
 
 All that can be allowed liim now, is to refresh 
 his decrepit, ejftft sensuality, with the history of 
 his former life. South. 
 
 EFFICACIOUS, adj, [efficax, Lat.] Pro- 
 ductive of effects ; powerful to produce 
 the consequence intended. 
 
 A glowing drop with hollow'd steel 
 He takes, and, hy one efficacious breath. 
 Dilates to cube or square. Philips. 
 
 Effica'ciously. adv. [h'om efficacious.] 
 Effectually ; in such a manner as to 
 produce the consequence desired. 
 
 If we find that any other body strikes effica- 
 ciously enough upon u, we caimot doubt but it 
 will move tnat way in which the striking body 
 impels it. Digbyon Bodies. 
 
 E'fficacy. n.s [homefficar, Lat.] Power 
 to produce effects ; prothiction of the 
 consequence intended. 
 
 Whatsoever is spoken concerning the efficacy or 
 necessity of God's word, they lie and restrain 
 only into sermons. Hivkcr. 
 
 Whether if tliey had tasted the tree of hfe be- 
 fore that of good and evil, they had sutTercd the 
 curse of mortality ; or whether the efficacy of the 
 one had not overpowered the penalty of the other, 
 we lea\*e it unto God. Brown. 
 
 EHicacuh a power of speech which represents 
 a ihnig, iiy presenting to our minds the lively 
 ideas or forms. Peacham. 
 
 Tlie apostle tells us of the success and effcact/ 
 of the Gospel upon the minds of men ; and, for 
 this reason, he calls it the power of God unto 
 salvation. Tillots^n. 
 
 The arguments drawn from the goodness of 
 God, have a prevailing c^cacy to iiutuce men to 
 repent. Rogers. 
 
 Effi'cience. 7 n. *. [from efficio, Lat.] 
 Efficiency. ) The act of producing 
 
 effects ; agency. 
 
 Tlic manner of this divine efficiency being far 
 above us, we are no more able to conceive by our 
 reason, than creatures unreasonable by theirsense 
 arc able to apprehend after what manner we dis- 
 pose and order the course of our atl'airs. hooker. 
 
 4H 
 
 GOl
 
 E F F 
 
 That tlicy are carriud by the nmuuductian of a 
 rule, is evident ; but what'tliat regulating ejficiencii 
 sliould hv, h nut easily determined. CitinmUe. 
 
 Siiniirig aj^ainst conscience has no special pro- 
 ductive ej)ickucu of tills particular sort of sinniiiL', 
 ni(jre than of any ntlier. Swtti. 
 
 A pious will Is llie means to enlighten the un- 
 derstanding in the truth of Christianity, upon the 
 account of a natural efficiency : a will so disposed, 
 will engage the mind in a severe search. 
 
 South. 
 
 Gravity does not proceed from llie efficiency of 
 any contntgent and unstable agents ; Ijeing en- 
 tirely owing to the direct concourse of the power 
 of the .\uthor of nature. Woodlcard. 
 
 Effi'cient. n.s. [efficio, Lat.] 
 i . The cause -which makes effects to be 
 wliat they are. 
 
 (iod, wliich nioveth meer natural agents as an 
 efficient only, doth otherwise move intellectual 
 creatures, and especially his luily angels. Huokei: 
 2. He that makes ; the effector. 
 
 Observations of the order of nature carry the 
 mind up to the admiration of the great efficient of 
 the world. Hale. 
 
 Effi'cient. flrf;. Causing effects; that 
 makes the effect to be what it is. 
 
 Your answering in the final cause, makes me 
 believe you are at a loss for the efficient. 
 
 CMier on Tlwnght. 
 
 To EFFrGI.-\TE. v. a. [effigio, Lat.] To 
 
 form ill sembfance: to iiuasre. 
 Effigia'tion. n.s. [from ijfigiale.] The 
 act of imaging ; or forming the resem- 
 blance of things or persons. Did. 
 Effi'gies. ) B.*. [effigies, Lat. effig}' is 
 E'ffigy. I from "being !rt r^o-j/.] Re- 
 semblance ; image in painting or sculp- 
 ture; representation; idea. 
 
 We behold the species of eloquence in our 
 minds, the effigies or actual image of which we 
 seek in the organs of our hearing. 
 
 Dryden's Dufresnoy, Pref. 
 Observe those numerous wrongs in effigy. 
 The gods have sav'd from the devouriiig sea. 
 
 (Jarlh. 
 
 Effloke'scence. 1 r ^ ^ ., 
 
 EFFLORE'SCENCY./"-*-t#'»-««<''Lat.] 
 
 1. Production of flowers. 
 
 Where there is less heat, there the spirit of the 
 plant is digested, and severed from the grosser 
 juice in effiorescence. Bacon. 
 
 2. Excrescencies in the form of flowers. 
 
 Two white sparry incrustations, with effiorescen- 
 cies in form of shrubs, formed by the trickling of 
 ""'er. Woodmrd. 
 
 3. [In physick.] The breaking out of 
 some humours in the skin, in distempers 
 called exanthematous; as in the measles, 
 and the like. Qtiinci/. 
 
 A wart beginneth in the cutis, and seeraeth to 
 be an ejjlorescence of the serum of the blood, 
 
 IViieinans Surgery. 
 Efflore'scent. adj. [effloresce. Lat.] 
 Shooting out in form of flowers. 
 Yellow effiorescent sparry incrustations on stone. 
 
 Woodn'ard. 
 
 Effi.u'ence. w. s. [effluo, Lat.] That 
 ■which issues from some other principle. 
 
 Bright effiuenct of bright essence increate. Milt. 
 
 _ these scintillations are not the ascension of the 
 
 air upon the collision of two hard bodies, but rather 
 
 the inflammable effiucnces discharged from the 
 
 baches collided. Broiin 
 
 From the bright effluence of his deed 
 They borrow that retiected light. 
 
 With which the lasting lamp they feed. 
 Whose beams dispel the damps of envious night. 
 
 Frior. 
 
 E F F 
 
 Epflu'via. ■)«. s. [from effiuo, Lat.] 
 Effluvium. 3 Those .small particles 
 whicli are continually flying off from 
 bodies ; the subtilty of wliich appears 
 from their being able, a long time toge- 
 tiier, to produce very sensible effects, 
 without any sensible diminution of the 
 body from whence they arise, Quinci/. 
 
 If the earth were an electrick body, and the air 
 but the ejjluvium thereof, we might believe that 
 from attraction, and b3' etHuxion, bodies tended 
 to the earth. Brown. 
 
 Neither the ettrth's diurnal revolution upon its 
 axis, nor any magnetick e{/^n'i(i of the earth, nor 
 the air, or atmosi>herc which environs the earth, 
 cati produce gravity. M'ooduard. 
 
 If tiiese effluvia, which do upward tend, 
 Because less heavy than the air, ascend ; 
 Why do they ever from their height retreat, 
 An(F why return to seek their central seat ? Bluchn. 
 
 Efflux. 71. s. [iffluxus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of flowing out. 
 
 Through the copious efflux of matter through the 
 orifice of a deep ulcer, he was reduced to a 
 skelctoii. Harvey. 
 
 2. Effusion; flow. 
 
 The first c///ur of men's piety, after receiving of 
 the faith, was the sehiiig and consecrating llieir 
 possessions. Haintnond. 
 
 3. That which flows from something el>e ; 
 emanation. 
 
 Prime chearer, light ! 
 Of all material beings, first and best! 
 Ffflui- divine ! Thomsons Summer. 
 
 4. The act of flowing is more properly 
 effluence, and that which flows more 
 properly efflux. 
 
 To Efflux, v. n. {effluo, Lat.] To run 
 out ; to flow away. This is not often 
 in use. 
 
 Five thousand and some odd centuries of years 
 are efflnxed since the creation. Boyle's Seraph. Lore. 
 
 Effluxion, n. s. [effluxum, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of flowing out. 
 
 By effiuiion and attraction bodies tend towards 
 the earth. Brown. 
 
 2. That which flows out ; effluvium ; ema- 
 nation. 
 
 There are some light effluxions from spirit to 
 spirit, when men are one with another; as from 
 body to body. Bucon. 
 
 To Effo'kce. 1'. a. [efforcer, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To force ; to break through by violence. 
 
 In all that room was nothing to be seen. 
 But huge great iron chests and coffers strong. 
 All barr'd with double bonds, that ne'er could 
 
 ween 
 Them to ejfbrce by violence or .wrong. Fairtt Qu. 
 
 2. To force ; to ravish; to violate by force. 
 Then 'gan her beauty shine as brightest sky. 
 
 And burnt his beastly heart t' eU'orcLher chastity. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 3. To strain; to exert with effort or vehe- 
 mence. This word is not now used. 
 
 1 he palmer lent his car into the noise. 
 To wheel who called so importunely ; 
 Again he heard a more effiorced voice. 
 That bad him come in haste. Spenser. 
 
 To Effo'rm. v. a. \jfformo, Lat.] To 
 make in any certain manner; to shape; 
 to fashion. 
 
 Merciful and gracious, thou gavest us heiiic;, 
 raising us from nothing, and effloruiing us after th v 
 own image. Taiilor. 
 
 Efform a'tion. n. s. [from eff'orm.'] The 
 act of fashioning or giving form to. 
 
 Nature begins to set upon her work of effirrma- 
 tion. More. 
 
 They pretend to solve phasnomena, and lo give 
 
 E F F 
 
 an account of the production and effanu^m of 
 the universe. Jiay. 
 
 Effort. n.$. [effort, Fr.] Struggle; 
 strain ; vehement action ; laborious en- 
 deavour. 
 
 If, after having gained victories, we had made 
 the same efforts as if we had lost llieni, France 
 could not have withstood us. 
 
 Addison onlhe State of the War. 
 Though the same sun, with all dili'iisive rays, 
 Blush in the rose, and in the diamond blaze 
 We prize the stronger effort of his pow'r, 
 And always set the genV above the novv'r. Pope. 
 
 Effo'ssion. n. s. [effodio, Lat.] The 
 act of digging up from the ground ; 
 deterration. 
 
 He set apart annual sums for the recovery of 
 manuscripts, the ejjassionvf coins, and the pro- 
 curing of muminies. Arbuthnot. 
 Effra'iable. adj. [effroyable, Fr.] 
 Dreadful ; frightful ; terrible. A word 
 not used. 
 
 Pestilential symptoms declare nothing a propor- 
 tionate efficient of their ejjraiable nature but arse- 
 nical fumes. ' Harvey. 
 
 Effro'ntery. 71. s. [effi-onterie, Fn] 
 Impudence ; sbamelessness ; contempt 
 of reproach. 
 
 They could hardly contain themselves within 
 one uiiwortliy act, who had efj'ronleni enough to 
 commit or cmnitenance it. " King Charles. 
 
 Others with ignorance and insufhciency have 
 self-admiration and e/JruKfecj/ to set up themselves. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 A bold man's ejfrontery, in company' with wo- 
 men, must be owing to his low opinion of them, 
 and his high one of himself. Clarissa. 
 
 To Effu'lge. v. 71. [tffulgeo, Lat.] To 
 
 send forth lustre or effulgence. I know 
 
 not that tills word is used. 
 
 The topaz cliarms the sight. 
 
 Like these eJJ'utging yeilow streams of liglit. Savar^e. 
 Effu'lgence. n.s. [effulgeo, Lat.] Lustre; 
 
 brightness; clarity; splendour. 
 
 On thee 
 Impress'd, th' e//u/o;e7(ceof his glory abides. Milt. 
 
 'I hy lustre, blest ^(/it/^e/rce, can dispel 
 The clouds of error, and the gloom of hell. Blackm. 
 
 Effu'lgent. adj. [effulgens, Lat.] Shin- 
 ing ; bright ; luminous. 
 
 IIow soon th' ejfnlgent emanations fly 
 Through the bluegulpli of interposing ^ky\Blackm. 
 
 Tlie downward sun 
 Looks out effulgent, from amid' the flash 
 Of broken clouds. Thomsim's Spring. 
 
 Effumabi'lity. n. s. [fumus, Lat] The 
 quality of flying away, or vapouring in 
 fumes An useful word, butnot adopted. 
 
 They seem to define mercury by volatility, or, 
 if I may coin such a word, eljumabilitij. Boyle. 
 
 To EFFU'SE. V. a. [effusns, Lat.] To pour 
 out ; to spill ; to shed. 
 
 He fell, and, deadly pale, 
 Groan'd out his soul, with gushing blood ^ns'd. 
 
 Hilton. 
 At last emerging from his nostrils wide, 
 And gushing mouth, ejfui'd the briny tide. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Effu'se. n.s. [from the verb.] Waste; 
 effusion. Not used. 
 
 The air hath got into my deadly wounds. 
 And much efjuie of blood doth make me faint. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Effu'sion. 71. s. [effusio, Lat.] 
 1. The act of pouring out. 
 
 My heart hath melted at a lady's tears, 
 Being an ordinary inundation ; 
 But tills ejfusion of such manly drops, 
 This show r, blown up b^' tempest of the soul. 
 Startles mine eyes, and makes me more amaz'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 601
 
 E G E 
 
 Hooka'. 
 
 Our blessed Lord commanded tlic representa- 
 tion of his death, and sacrifice on the cross, sliould 
 be made by breakiiig bread and ejjimon of wnie. 
 Taiilor's ]Vorthy Cummunkunt. 
 If the flood-gates of heaven were any thing 
 distinct from the forty day^ rain, tlieir egustmi, 
 'tis likely, was at tliis same time when the abyss 
 v»as broken open. Hornet s 3 hairy. 
 
 % Waste ; the act of spilling or shedding. 
 
 When there was but as yet one only fannly in 
 the world, no means of ins'truciion, human or di- 
 vine, could prevent effusion of blood. Hooker. 
 
 Stop criusion of our Christian blood. 
 And 'btablibli quietness. Shukesp Henry V 1. 
 
 Yet shall she be rcstor'd, since publick good 
 For private int'rest ought not be withstood, 
 To save tb' effusion of my people's blood. 
 
 Dryden s Homer. 
 
 3. The act of pouring out words. 
 
 Endless and senseless effusions of indigested 
 prayers, oftentiims disgrace, in most unsutlei 
 manner, the worthiest part of Christian duty 
 wards God. 
 
 4. Bounteous donation. 
 Such great force the gospel of Christ had then 
 
 upon men's souls, melting them into that liberal 
 effusion of all that they had. Hamm. on FunJam. 
 
 5. The thing poured out. 
 Purge rac with the blood of my Redeemer, and 
 
 I shall be cle.iii ; wash me with that precious cfrii- 
 sirni, and I shall be whiter than snow. A'. Charles. 
 Effu'sive. adj. [from effuse.] Pouring 
 out ; dispersing. 
 
 The North-east spends its rage; th' effusive South 
 Warms the wide air Thomson's Spriiig. 
 
 Eft. n. s. [epera, Sax.] A newt ; an evet; 
 a small kind of lizard that lives gene- 
 rally in the water. 
 
 Peacocks are beneficial to the places where they 
 are kept, by clearing of them from snakes, adders, 
 and ejts, upon which they will live. Moi-tim. Hu.tb. 
 The crocodile of Egypt is the lizard of Italy, 
 and the eft in our couiitry. Kicholns. 
 
 EFT. adv. [ej-r. Sax.] Soon ; quickly ; 
 speedily; shortly. Obsolete. 
 
 Eft through the thick they heard one rudely rush. 
 With noise whereof he from his lofty steed 
 
 Down fell to ground, and crept into a bush, 
 To liide his coward head from dying dread. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Quite consumed with flame, 
 The idol is of that eternal maid_; 
 
 For so at least I have preserved the samcj 
 With hands profane, from being eft betray 'd. 
 
 Fuiifox. 
 
 E'ftsOONS. adv. [epr and j-oop.] Soon 
 afterwards ; in a .short time ; again. An 
 obsolete word ; formed, as it seems, by 
 the conjunction of two -words of tlie 
 same meaning. 
 
 He in their ste.id e/(siimis placed Englishmen, who 
 
 possessed all their lands. Sjicnser's-'iiate of Ireland. 
 
 Fftsoons tlie nymphs, which now had ilowers 
 
 their lill. 
 
 Run all in haste to see that silver brood. Spenser. 
 
 The Germans deadly hated the Turks, whereof 
 
 it was to be thought tfiat new wars should efitsiwiis 
 
 ensue. " Knolles's History. 
 
 FJiscom, O sweetheart kind, my love repay, 
 
 And all the year shall then be holiday. Gut; s ^"S'- 
 
 E. G. [exempli gratia.] For the sake of 
 
 an instance or example. 
 E'ger. n. s. [See Eager.] An impe- 
 tuous or U'regular flood or tide. 
 
 From the peculiar disposition of the earth at the 
 bottom, wherein quick excitations are made, may 
 arise those egers and liows in some estuaries and 
 rivers; as is observable about 'I'reiil and llumber 
 in England. Browns Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 To Ege'st. v. a. [egei-o, Lat.] To throw 
 out food at the natural vents. 
 
 E G R 
 
 Divers creatures sleep all the Winter ; a^ the 
 bear, the hedge-hog, the bat, and the bee ; these 
 all wax fat when they sleep, and egfst not. 
 
 tiacon's Natural Hiitory. 
 
 Ege'stion. n. s. [egestus, I^t.] The act 
 of throwing out the digested food at the 
 natural vents. 
 
 The animal soul or spirits manage as well their 
 spontaneous actions as the natural or involuntary 
 exertions of digestion, ege.^lion, and circulation. 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Egg. n. s. [a?3, Sax. otigh, Erse.] 
 
 1. That which is laid by feathered and 
 some other animals, from which their 
 young is produced. 
 
 An(:,'?was found having lain many years at the 
 boltonrof a moat, wlicre the earth liad somewhat 
 overgrown it ; and this egg was come to the hard- 
 ness'of a stone, and the colours of the white and 
 yolk perfect. Bacon. 
 
 EggsAie perhaps the highest, most nourishing, 
 and e-ialled of animal food, and most indigestible. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. The spawn or sperm of other creatures. 
 
 Therefore think him as the serpent's egg. 
 Which hatch'd, would, as his kind, grow mis- 
 chievous. Shakesp. 
 Ev'ry insect of each difl'erent kind. 
 In its own egg, cliear'd by the solar rays. 
 Organs involvd and latent life displays. Blackm. 
 
 3. Any thing fashioned in the shape of an 
 
 egg. 
 
 There was taken a great glass-bubble with a 
 long neck, such as chemists are wont to call a phi- 
 losophical egg. Boyle. 
 To Egg. v. a. [eggia to incite, Islandick; 
 esgian. Sax.]" To incite; to instigate; 
 to provoke to action : for this, edge is, 
 I think, sometimes ignorantly used. 
 
 Study becomes pleasant to him who is pursuing 
 his genius, and whose ardour of inclination eggs 
 him forward, and carrieth him ihrouf^li every 
 obstacle. Vcrtuiin's Fhiisico-Theology. 
 
 Eglantine, n.s. [esghmlier, Fr.] A 
 species of rose ; sweet-briar. 
 
 O'er-canopied with luscious woodbine. 
 With sweet musk roses, and with eglantine. Shak. 
 
 The leaf of eglantine, not to slander, 
 Out-sweeten'd not thy breath. Shakesp. Cym. 
 
 Sycamores with fg/imd'iie were spread, 
 A hedge about the sides, a covering over head. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 Egotism, n. s. [from ego, Lat.] The 
 fault coiTimitted in writing by the fre- 
 quent repetition of the word ego or I ; 
 too frequent mention of a man's self in 
 writing or conversation. 
 
 The most violent f^'nlism which I have met with, 
 in the course of my reading, is that of Cardinal 
 Wolsey's ; ego S^ rex meus, 1 and my king. Spect. 
 
 Egotist, n.s. [from ego.] One that is 
 always repeating the word ego, /; a 
 talker of himself 
 
 A tribe of egotists, for whom I have always had 
 a mortal aversion, are the authors of memoirs, 
 who are never mentioned in any works hut their 
 own. Spectator. 
 
 To E'gotize. v.n [from fo-0.] To talk 
 
 much of one's self. 
 EGREGIOUS, adj. [egregitis, Lat.] 
 1. Eminent; remarkable; extraordinary. 
 
 He might be able to adorn this present age, and 
 furnish history with the records of egregious ex- 
 ploits both of art and valour. Moore against Atlwiim. 
 
 One to eiii]iire born ; 
 Egregious prince ; whose manly childhood shew'd 
 tlis iningled parents, and portended joy 
 Unspeakable. Philips. 
 
 .\ii egregious and pregnant instance how far vir- 
 tue surpasses ingenuity. 11 oodieard. 
 
 E J E 
 
 !. Eminently bad ; remarkably vicioug. 
 This is the usual sense. 
 
 We may be bold to conclude, that these last 
 times, (or insolence, pride, and fgrffioui contempt 
 of all good order, are the worst. Hooker't Preface 
 
 Ah me, most credulous fool ! 
 Egrei'ious murthcrer ! Shaketp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Ami hence tb' egreg'utits wizzard shall foredoom 
 The fate of Louis and the fall of Rome. Pope. 
 
 Egre'giously. adv. [from tgregiom.] 
 Eminently ; shamefully. 
 Make the aioor thank me, love me, and reward 
 rue. 
 For makiii° him egreguntsly an ass. 
 And practising upon Ills peace and quiet, 
 Even to madness. Shakesp. Othclh. 
 
 He discovered that, besides the extravagance 
 of every article, he had been egre'ioitily cheated. 
 AriutKiiat's John Bull. 
 
 Egress, n. s. [egresms, Lat.] The power 
 or act of going out of any place ; de- 
 parture. 
 
 Gatos of burning adamant, 
 
 Barr'd over us, prohibTt all egress. Miiton. 
 
 This water would have been locked up within 
 
 the earth, and its egress utterly debarred, had the 
 
 strata of stone and marble remained continuous. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Egre'ssion. n. s. [egressio, Lat.] The 
 act of going out. 
 
 The vast number of troops is expressed in tlie 
 swarms ; tlieir tumultuous manner of issuing out 
 of their ships, and the perpetual egression, vvhich 
 seemed witliout end, are imaged in the bees pour- 
 ing out. Pope. 
 
 Egret. «. s. A fowl of the heron kind, 
 with red legs. Bailey. 
 
 E'griot. n. s. [aigrct, Fr. perhaps from 
 fl/ojT sour.] A species of cherry. 
 
 'fhe cofur-cherry, which inclineth more to 
 white, is sweeter "than the red ; but tlie emat is 
 more sour. Bacon. 
 
 To EJACULATE, v. a. [ejaculor, Lat.] 
 To throw ; to shoot ; to dart out. 
 
 Being rooted so little way in the skin, nothing 
 near so deeply as the quills of fowls, they arc the 
 more easily ejaculated. Creics ilustEum. 
 
 The mighty magnet from the center darts 
 This strong, "though subtile force, through all the 
 
 parts : 
 Its active rays, ejacuUtted thence. 
 Irradiate alfthe wide circumference. Btackmore. 
 
 Ejacul.\'tion. n.s. [from ejaculate^ 
 1. The act of darting or throwing out. 
 
 There seeineth to be acknowleilged. in the act 
 of envy, an ejaculation or irradiation of the eye 
 
 Bacons Essay 
 There is to be observed, in those dissolution^ 
 w hich will not easily incorparate, what the effects 
 are ; as the ebullition, the precipitation to the bot- 
 tom, the f/iiC"/<Jtic<ii towards the top, the suspen- 
 sion in the midst, and the like. Bacon. 
 2. A short prayer darted out occasionally, 
 without solemn retirement. 
 
 In your dressing let there be ejaculations fitted 
 to the several actfons of dressing ; as at waslung 
 your hands pray God In cleanse your soul froiii 
 iiii. " Taylor's Guide to Devotion. 
 
 EjA'cUL.\roRY. adj. [from ejaculate.] 
 1. Suddenly darted out ; uttered in short 
 sentences. 
 
 The continuance of this posture might incline to 
 
 ease and <lrowsincss ; lliey used it rather upon 
 
 some short ejaculatory prayers, tlian in their larger 
 
 devotions. Vuppa's Detvtion. 
 
 •I. Sudden ; hasty. 
 
 We are not to value ourselves upon the merit of 
 ijacutatary repentances, that take us bv fits and 
 starts. VEstraii!,^. 
 
 To E.TE'CT. v. a. [ejicio, ejectum, Lat.] 
 1. To throw out ; to cast forth ; to void. 
 
 603
 
 E I G 
 
 Inffrnai lightning sallies from hh throat! 
 FjcctCil sparks upun tlie billows float ! Sandys. 
 The heart, as said, from its contracted cave, 
 
 lilachn. 
 away 
 
 M. iiv iicitri, ub aiiiu, iiuiii iis cLfiiiiitk.i.i n ii 
 
 On the left side ejects the hounding wave, lii 
 
 'I'ears may spoil the eyes, but not wash a«a' 
 the altiictiou ; sighs may exhaust the man, but nut 
 eject the burthen. Smth. 
 
 2. To throw out or expel from an office 
 or possession. 
 
 It was the force of conquest; force witli force 
 Is vvell ejected, when the coiiqucr'd can. Milton. 
 
 The 1-rench king was again ejected when our 
 kiiii^ submitted to the church. Drydcn, 
 
 3. To expel ; to drive away; to dismiss 
 with hatred. 
 
 ^Ve are peremptory to dispatcfi 
 This viperous traitor ; to eject him hence, 
 Were but our danger ; and to keep him hcre> 
 Our certain death ; therefore it is decreed 
 He dies to-night. Shakesp. Coriolaniis, 
 
 4. To cast away; to reject. 
 
 To have ejected whatsoever the church doth 
 make account of, be it never so Iiarmless in itself, 
 and of never so ancient continuance, withnutany 
 other crime to charge it with, than only that it 
 liath been the hap thereof to be used by the clmrch 
 of Rome, and not to be commanded in tlie word 
 of God, could not have been defended. Honker. ; 
 
 Will any man say, that if tlie words whoring 
 and drinking were by parliament dt'cferf out of the 
 P'nglish tongue, we should all awake next morning 
 chaste and temperate. Swijt. 
 
 Eje'ction. 71. s. [ejectio, La.t.'] 
 
 1. The act of casting out ; expulsion. 
 
 These stories are founded on the ejection of the 
 fallen angels from heaven. Broome. 
 
 2. [In physick,] The discharge of any 
 thing by vomit, stool, or any other 
 emunctory, Quincy. 
 
 Eje'ctment. w. s. [from eject.'] A legal 
 
 writ by which any inhabitant of a liouse, 
 
 or tenant of an estate, is commanded to 
 
 depart. 
 EiGH. interj. An expression of sudden 
 
 delight. 
 EIGHT, adj. [eapta, Sax. akta, Goth. 
 
 achfj Scottish.] Twice four. A word 
 
 of number. 
 This island contains eight score and eight miles 
 
 in circuit. Sandy 's Journey. 
 
 Eighth. adj,[^Tom eight,] Next in order 
 to the seventh ; the ordinal of eight. 
 
 Another yet ? — A seventh ! I'll see no more ; 
 And yet the eighth appears! Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 lu the eighth month should be the reign of Sa- 
 turn. Bacon. 
 
 I stay reluctant seven continued years. 
 And water lier ambrosial couch with tears ; 
 The eishth she voluntarily moves to part, 
 Or urg d by Jove, or her own changeful heart. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ei'ghteen. adj. [eight and fen.'] Twice 
 nine. 
 
 He can't take two from twenty* for his heart, 
 And leave eighteen. Shukesp. Cymbcline. 
 
 W men naturally lived but twenty years, we 
 should be satisfied if they died abiMit eighteen; 
 and yet eighteen years now are as long as eighteen 
 years would be then. Taylor. 
 
 Ei'ghteenth. adj. [^rom eighteen.'] The 
 next in order to the seventeenth ; twice 
 ninth. 
 In the eighteenth year of Jerohottm died Abijam. 
 
 1 Kings. 
 
 Ei'ghtfold. adj. [eight and fold.] Eiglit 
 times the number or quantity. 
 
 Ei'ghthly. adv. [from eighth.] In the 
 eighth place. 
 
 Eighthlii, living creatures have voluntary mo- 
 tion, which plants have not. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 E I T 
 
 Ei'ghtieth. adj. [from eighty.'] The 
 next in order to the seventy-ninth; 
 eighth tenth. 
 
 Some balances are so exact as to be sensibly 
 turned with the eightieth part of a grain. 
 
 Witkins's Math. Magic. 
 
 Ei'ghtscoee. adv. [eight and score.] 
 Eight times twenty; an hundred and 
 
 sixty. 
 What ! keep a week away ? seven days and 
 nights ? 
 F.ightscore eight hours ? and lovers absent hours, 
 fllore tedious than the dial eighncore times ? 
 Oh weary reckoning ! Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Ei'ghty. adj. [eight and ten.] Eight 
 times ten ; fourscore. 
 
 Eightii odd years of sorrow have I seen, 
 And each hour's joy wreck'd with a week of teen. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Among all other climactericks three are most 
 remarkable ; that is, seven times seven, or forty- 
 nine ; nine times nine, or eighty one ; and seven 
 times nine, or the year sixty-three, which is con- 
 ceived to carry with it the most considerable fata- 
 lity. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Eigne, adj. [aisne, Fr.] [In law.] De- 
 notes the eldest or first born. Here it 
 signifies unalienable, as being entailed. 
 
 It happeneth not seldom, that, to avoid the 
 yearly oath, for averment of the continuance of 
 some estate for life, whicli is eigne, and not sub- 
 ject to forfeiture for the alienation that Cometh 
 after it, the party will offer to sue for a pardon 
 uncompellcd before the time ; in all which, some 
 niiligaiton of the uttermost value may well and 
 worthily be offered. Bacon. 
 
 Ei'sel. U.S. [eopl. Sax.] Vinegar, ver- 
 juice; any acid. An old word. 
 
 Cast in thy mind 
 How thou resemblest Christ, as with sowre poison. 
 If thou jiaine thy taste ; remember tlierewithaW, 
 How Christ for tnee tasted eisel and gall. 
 
 Sir T. More. 
 
 Ei'ther. pron. [ffis^ep, Sax. aulher, 
 
 Scottish.] 
 I. Which soever of the two ; whether one 
 
 or the other. 
 
 Lepidus flatters both. 
 Of both is flatter'd ; but he neither loves, 
 Nor either cares for him. Sltakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 So like in arms these champions were. 
 As they had been a very pair ; 
 So that a man would almost swear, 
 That either had been either. Drayton's Nymp. 
 
 Goring made a fast friendship with Digby, 
 either of them believing he could deceive the 
 other. Ciurendon. 
 
 I do not ask whether bodies do so exist, that 
 the motion of one body cannot really be without 
 the motion of another : to determine this either 
 way, is to beg the question for or against a va- 
 cuum. Locke. 
 
 2. Each; both. 
 
 In the process of natural beings, there seem some 
 to be creatures placed, as it were, on the confines 
 of several provinces, and participating something 
 of cither. Hale. 
 
 Sev'n times the sun has either tropick view'd, 
 The Winter banish'd, and the Spring renew'd. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 3. It is used sometimes of more thqn two ; 
 any one of a certain number. 
 
 4. Any of an indeterminate number, as in 
 the following passage : 
 
 Henry VIII. Francis L and Charles V. were so 
 provident, as scarce a palm of ground could be 
 gotten by either of the three, but that the other 
 two would set the balance of Europe upright 
 again. Bacon. 
 
 Ei'ther. adv. [from the noun.] A dis- 
 tributive adverb, answered by or ; citlier 
 the one c»- the other. 
 
 E L A 
 
 Wenever heard of any ship that had boen seen 
 to arrive upon any shore of Europe; no nor of 
 cithf.r the East or West Indies. Bacon's New Atla7u 
 
 What perils shall we find, 
 If eiffier place, or time, or other course, 
 Cause U8 to alter th' order now assign'd. Daniel. 
 Either your brethren have miserably deceived 
 us, or power confers virtue. Swijl to Pope. 
 
 Ejula'tion. n.s. [ejulatio, Lat.] Outcry; 
 lamentation ; moaning ; wailing. 
 
 Instead of hymns and praises, he breaks out 
 into ejulations and elleminate wailings. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 With dismal groans 
 And ejulation, in the pangs of death. 
 Some call for aid. Philips. 
 
 Eke. adv. [eac, Sax. ook, Dut.] Also; 
 likewise; beside; moreover. 
 
 If any strength we have, it is to ill j 
 But all the good is God's, both power and ffce will. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Now if 'tis chiefly in the heart 
 That courage does itself exert, 
 Twill be prodigious hard to prove, 
 That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. 
 
 To Eke. u. a. [eacan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To increase, 
 
 I denipt there much to have eked my store. 
 But such eking hath made my heart sore. Spenser. 
 The little strength that I have, I would it were 
 with you. 
 —And mine to eke out lier's. Shak. As you like it. 
 
 2. To supply ; to fill up deficiencies. 
 Still be kind. 
 
 And eke out our performance with your mind. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Your ornaments hung all, 
 On some patch'd doghole ek'd with ends of wall. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. To protract ; to lengthen. 
 I speak too long; but 'tis to piece the time. 
 
 To eke it, and to draw it out in length. 
 
 To stay you from election. Shak. Mer. of Venice. 
 
 4. To spin out by useless additions. [In 
 this sense it seems borrowed from the 
 use of oin' old poets, who put eke into 
 tlieir lines, when they wanted a syllable.] 
 
 Eusden ekes out Blackmore's endless line. Pope. 
 To ELA'BORATE. v. a. [elaboro, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To produce with labour. 
 
 They in full joy elaborate a sigh. Young. 
 
 2. To heighten and improve by successive 
 endeavours or operations. 
 
 The sap is diversified, and still more elaborated 
 and exalted, as it circulates through the vessels of 
 the plant. Arbuthnot, 
 
 Ela'borate. adj. [elahoratus, Lat ] Fi- 
 nished with great diligence ; performed 
 with great labour. 
 
 Formalities of extraordinary zeal and piety are 
 never more studied and elaborate than when poli- 
 ticians most agitate desperate designs. K. Charl-'s. 
 
 Atleast, on her bestow d 
 Too much of ornament, of outward shew 
 Elaborate, of inward, less exact. Milton. 
 
 Man is thy theme, his virtue or his rage 
 Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller. 
 
 Consider the difference between elaborate dis- 
 courses upon important occasions, delivered to 
 parliaments, and a plain sermon intended for the 
 common people. Swift. 
 
 Ela'borately. adv. [from elaborate.] 
 Laboriously ; diligently ; with great 
 study or labour. 
 
 Politick conceptions, so elahoratelu formed and 
 wrought, and grown at length ripe for delivery, 
 do vet prove abortive. Soutn, 
 
 Some coloured powders, which painters use, 
 may have their colours a little changed, by being 
 very elaborately and finely ground. iWu'fon's Opt. 
 
 I will venture once to incur the censure of some 
 persons, for being elaborately tritiing. Bentley. 
 
 604
 
 E L A 
 
 It is there elaborately shewn, that patents arc 
 good. *'"'!/'• 
 
 Elabora'tion. n. s. [from elaborate.] 
 Improvement by successive operations. 
 
 To what purpose is llicrc sucli an apparatus of 
 vessels for the elaboratim nf the sperm and cijgs ; 
 such a tedious process of generation and nutrition. 
 
 Ray. 
 
 To Elance. v.a. [elancer, Fr.] To throw 
 out ; to dart ; to cast as a dart. 
 
 Wliile tliy unerring hand elanc'd 
 Another, and another dart, the people 
 Joyfully repeated lii ! Prior. 
 
 H,irsh words, that once elanc'd, must ever fiy 
 Irrevocahle. Vrior. 
 
 To Ela'pse. v. n. [elapsus, Lat.] To pass 
 away ; to glide away ; to run out with- 
 out notice. 
 
 There is a docible season, a learning time in 
 youth, whicli, suffered to elapse, and no ftmiida- 
 tion laid, seldom returns. Clarissa. 
 
 ELA'STICALI flcy. [from JXaw.] Having 
 ELA'STICK. J the power of returning 
 to the form from which it is distorted or 
 withheld ; springy ; having the power 
 of a spring. 
 
 By what elastick engines did she rear 
 The starry roof, and roll the orbs in air. Blackm. 
 
 If the body is compact, and bends or yields in- 
 ward to pression, without any sliding of its parts, 
 it is hard and elastick, returning to its figure with 
 a force rising from the mutual attraction of its 
 parts. ' Newtim's Optichs. 
 
 The most common diversities of human consti- 
 tutions arise from the solids, as to their different 
 degrees of strength and tension ; in some being 
 too lax and weali, in others too elastick and strong. 
 Arbuthiwt on Aliments. 
 
 A fermentation must be excited in some assign- 
 able place, wliich may expand itself by its etasti- 
 cal power, and break through where it meets 
 with the weakest resistance. ' Bentleij. 
 
 Elasti'city. n. s. [from elastick.'] Force 
 in bodies, by which they endeavour to 
 restore themselves to the posture from 
 whence they were displaced by any ex- 
 ternal force. Quincy. 
 
 A lute-string will bear an hundred weight with- 
 out rupture ; out at the same time cannot exert 
 its elasticity: takeaway fifty, and immediately it 
 raiseth the weight. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Me emptiness and dulness could inspire. 
 And were my elasticity and fire. Pope. 
 
 Ela'TE. adj. [elatus, I^t.] Flushed with 
 success ; elevated with prosperity ; lofty ; 
 haughty. 
 
 Oh, thoughtless mortals ! ever blind to fate ! 
 Too soon dejected, and too soon elate I Pope. 
 
 I, of mind elate, and scorning fear, 
 Thus with new taunts insult the monster's ear. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 To E'late. v.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To elevate with success; to puff up 
 ■with prosperity. 
 
 2, To exult; to heighten. An unusual 
 sense. 
 
 Or truth, divinely breaking on his mind, 
 Elates his being, and unfolds his power. Tlwmson. 
 
 ELATE RIUM. n. s. [Lat.] An inspis- 
 sated juice, light, of a friable texture 
 and an acid and pungent taste. It is 
 procured from the fruit of a wild cu- 
 cumber. It is a very violent and rough 
 purge. Hill. 
 
 Ela'tion. n. s. [from elate.] Haughti- 
 ness proceeding from success ; pride of 
 prosperity. 
 
 God began to punish this vain elation lA mind, 
 by withdrawing his favours Auerbury, 
 
 ELD 
 
 E'LBOW. n. J. [elboja, Sax.] ' 
 
 1. The next joint or curvature of the arm 
 below the shoulder. 
 
 Ill some fair evening, on your elbow ftid, 
 You dream of triumjihs in the rural sliade. Pope. 
 
 2, Any flexure or angle. 
 
 Fruit trees, or vines, set ui)on a wall between 
 elbows OT buttresses of stone, ripen more than ui>ou 
 a plain wall. Bacon. 
 
 a. To be at the Elbow. To be near; to be 
 at hand. 
 
 Strait will he Come ; 
 Wear lliy good rapier bare, and put it home : 
 Quick, quick ; fear nothing, I'll be at thy ellnm'. 
 ^hakcsp'. Othtllo. 
 
 Elbowcha'ir. n.s. [elboiv and chair,] 
 A chair with arms to support the elbows. 
 
 Swans and elboivchairs, in tlie oncra of Diocle- 
 sian, have danced upon the English stage with 
 good success. Ghi/. 
 
 E'lbowroom. n.s. [elbow and room.] 
 
 Room to sti'etch out the elbows on each 
 
 side ; perfect freedom from confinement. 
 
 Now my soul hath clbowroom ; 
 It would not out at windows nor at doors. Shah. 
 
 The natives are not so many, but tliat there 
 may be clbonToom enough for them, and for the 
 adventives also. Bacon. 
 
 A politician must put himself into a state of 
 liberty to provide elbouroom for conscience to have 
 its full play in. South. 
 
 To Elbow, v, a, [from the noun.] 
 1. To push with the elbow. 
 
 One elbows him, one jostles in the shole. 
 
 Drydens JiLvetial. 
 
 *2, To push ; to drive to a distance ; to en- 
 croach upon. 
 
 It thrusts and stretches out, 
 And elbows all the kingdom round about. Dryd. 
 
 If fortune taUcs not olVtliis boy betimes, 
 He'll make mad work and elbow out his neigh- 
 bours. Dryden. 
 
 To E'lbow. V, n. To jut out in angles. 
 ELD. n. s. [ealb, Sax. eld, Scottish.] 
 
 1. Old age ; decrepitude. 
 
 Her heart with joy unwonted inly swcU'd, 
 As feeling wond'rous comfort in her weaker eld. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Thy blazed youth 
 Becomes assuaged, and (Joth beg the alms 
 Of palsied eld. Shakesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 lie thought it touch 'd his deity full near. 
 If likewise he some fair one wedded not, 
 Thereby to wipe away th' infamous blot 
 Of long uncoupled bed and childless eW. Milton. 
 
 2. Old people ; persons woni out with 
 years. 
 
 They count him of the green-hair'd eld. Chap. 
 E'lder. adj. The comparative of eld, 
 now corrupted to old. [ealb, ealbop, 
 Sax.] Surpassing another in years ; 
 survivor ; having the privileges of pri- 
 mogeniture : opposed to younger. 
 
 They bring the comparison of younger daugh- 
 ters conformnig themselves in attire to their elder 
 sisters. Hooker. 
 
 Lot still the woman take 
 An elder than herself; so wears she to him. 
 So sways she level in her husband's heart. Shak. 
 
 How I firmly am resolv'd, you know; 
 That is, not to bestow my youngest daughter. 
 Before I have a husband "for the cUicr. Shakesp. 
 
 Among the Lacedemonians, the chief magis- 
 trates, as they were, so were they called, elder 
 men. Biildgh's History. 
 
 The cWerof his clnldrcn comes to acquire a de- 
 gree of authority among the younger, by the same 
 means the father did aniona;"them. Temple. 
 
 Fame's high temple stands ; 
 Stupendous pile ; not rcar'd by mortal hands ! 
 AVhate'er proud Rome, or artful Greece beheld, 
 Or elder Babylon, its frame cxcell'd. Pope. 
 
 ELD 
 
 E'tDERS. n.j. [from eldtr.] 
 
 1. Persons whose age gives them a claim 
 to credit and reverence. 
 
 Rebuke not an elder, but intreat him as a fa- 
 ther, and the younger men as brethren. 1 7'im. V. 1. 
 
 Our elders say, 
 The barren, touched in this holy chase, 
 Shake off their steril curse. Shakes]). Ju. Caaar. 
 The blushing youth their virtuous awe disclose. 
 And from their icats the reverend e((/ert rose. 
 
 Sandyi. 
 
 2. Ancestors. 
 
 Says the goose, If it will be no better, e'en 
 carry your head as your elders have done before 
 you. V Estrange. 
 
 I lose my patience, and 1 own it too, 
 Where works are censur'd, not as bad, but new ; 
 While, if our elders break all reason's laws, 
 Those fools demand not pardon, but applause. 
 
 3. Those who are older than otliers, 
 
 Alany nations are very superstitious and dili- 
 gent observers of old customs, which they re- 
 ceived by continual tradition from their parents, 
 by rccorciingof their bards and chronicles, in their 
 songs, and by daily use and ensaniple of their 
 elders. ^enscrs Ireland. 
 
 At the hoard, and in private, it very well be- 
 cometli children's innocenc3' to pray, and their 
 eiders to say Amen. Hooker. 
 
 4. [Among the Jews.] Rulers of the 
 people. 
 
 5. [In the New Testaments.] Eccle- 
 siasticks. 
 
 0. [Among Presbyterians.] Laymen in- 
 troduced into the kirk-polity in sessions, 
 presbyteries, synods, and assemblies. 
 
 Flea-bitten synod, an assembly brew'd 
 Of clerks and e'tders ana ; like the rude 
 Cliaos of presbytry. where laymen ride 
 With the tame woolpack clergy by their side. 
 
 Cleavetaml. 
 
 E'lder. n. s. [ellaj-a. Sax. sambucns.] 
 The name of a tree. 
 
 The branches are foil of pith, having but little 
 wood : the llowcrs are monopetalous. divided 
 into several segments, and expand in form of a 
 rose: these are, for the most part, collected into 
 an umbel, and are succeeded by soft succulent 
 berries, having three seeds in each. Miller. 
 
 Look for ihy reward 
 Amongst the nettles at the elder tree. 
 Which overshadcs the mouth of that same piL 
 
 Snakesp. 
 
 E'LDERSHiP.n.5[from elder.] 
 
 1. Seniority; primogeniture. 
 
 The world, while it had scarcity of people, un- 
 derwent no otiier dominion than paternity and 
 eldership. Raleigh. 
 
 That all should Aiihech adore, *tis true ; 
 But some respect is to my birthright due: 
 jVIy claim to lier by eldership I prove. 
 
 Drydens hid. Emp. 
 Nor were the eldership 
 Of Artaxerxes worth our least of fears. 
 If Meranon's interest did not prop his cause. Ttowe. 
 
 2. Presbytery; ecclesiastical senate; kirk- 
 session. 
 
 That controTersy sprang up between Beza and 
 Erastus, about the nmUer of excommunications ; 
 whether there ought to be in all churches an elder' 
 ship, having power to excommunicate, and a part 
 of that eldership to be of necessity certain cliosen 
 out from amongst the laity. Hooker, Pref. 
 
 Eldest, adj. The superlative of e/rf, 
 now changed to old. [ealb, ealbop, 
 ealbfte. Sax.] 
 
 1. The oldest; that has the right of pri- 
 mogeniture. 
 
 We will establish our estate upon 
 Our eldest Malcolm, whom we name herea.'ter 
 The prince of Cumberland, Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 606
 
 E L E 
 
 The motlier's and her eldest daughter's grace. 
 It seems, had brib'd liim to prolong their space. 
 
 l^rtjden, 
 2. The person that has lived most years. 
 
 Eldest parents signifies eithi-r the oldest nieii 
 and women that have had children, or those who 
 have longest hati issue. Locke. 
 
 Elecampa'ne. U.S. [helrnium, Lat.] A 
 plant, named also starwort. Botanists 
 enumerate thirty species of this plant. 
 
 Milhr. 
 
 The Germans have n method of candying elc- 
 campane rout like ginger, lo which they preltr it, 
 and call it German spice. HUVs Materia Med. 
 
 To ELE'CT. I', a. [decins, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To choose for any office or use ; to take 
 in preference to others. 
 
 Henry his son is chosen king, thongh young ; 
 And Lewis of France, e/ecffti lirsl, begiiil'd Daniel. 
 
 This prince in gratitude to the people, by 
 whose consent he was chosen, elected a hundred 
 senators out of llie connnoners. Swift. 
 
 2. [In theology.] To select as an object 
 of eternal mercy. 
 
 Elect, adj, [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Chosen, taken by preference from 
 among others. 
 
 You have here, lady, 
 And of your choice, these reverend fathers. 
 Yea, the elect of the land, who are assembl'd 
 To plead your cause. Shakesp. Hen. VHI. 
 
 2. Chosen to an office, not yet in pos- 
 session. 
 
 Tiie bishop elect takes the oaths of supremacy, 
 canonical obedience, and against stniony ; and 
 then the dean of arches reads and subscribes the 
 sentences. Aylijfe's Parergon. 
 
 3. [In theology.] Chosen as an object of 
 eternal mercy. 
 
 A vicious liver, believing that Christ died for 
 none but the elect, shall have attempts made upon 
 him to reform and amend his liie. Hammond. 
 
 Some 1 have chosen of peculiar grace. 
 Elect above the rest : so is my will. Milton. 
 
 Election. n,s. [electio, Lat] 
 
 i. Theact of cimsing; the act of selecting 
 
 one or more from a greater number for 
 
 any use or office ; choice. 
 
 If tlie election of the minister should be commit- 
 ted to every several parish, do you think that 
 they would chuse the meetest? Whitgift. 
 
 Him, not thy election. 
 But natural necessity, begot. Milton 
 
 As charity is, nothhig can more increase the 
 lustre and beauty than a prudent election of ob- 
 jects, and a fit application of it to them. Spratt. 
 
 '2. The power of choice. 
 
 For what is man without a moving mind. 
 Which hath a judging wit, and chusing will ? 
 
 Now if God's pow'r sliould her election hind, 
 Her motions then would cease, and stand all still. 
 
 Vavies. 
 
 S. Voluntary preference. 
 
 He calls upon the sinners to turn themseh'es 
 and live ; he tells us, that he has set before us life 
 and death, and referred it lo our own etcctwn 
 which we will chuse. Hogers. 
 
 4 . Discernment ; distinction ; discrimina- 
 tion. 
 
 The discovering of these colours cannot be done 
 but out of a very universal knowledge of things : 
 -which 50 cleareth men's judgment and election, as 
 it is the less apt to slide into error. Bacon. 
 
 In favour, to use men with much difference and 
 election is good : for it luaketli those preferred 
 more thankful, ;nid t!ie rest mere officious. Bacon. 
 
 5. [In theolog}'.] The predetermination 
 of God by which any were selected for 
 eterr^al life. 
 
 Jheconceil about absolute electi/m to eternal 
 
 E L E 
 
 life, some enthusiasts entertaining, have been 
 made remiss in the practice of virtue. Atterbury. 
 6. The ceremony of a publick choice. 
 
 I was sorry lohear with what partiality, and po- 
 pular heal, elections were carried in many places. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 Since tlie late dissolution of the club, many 
 
 persuns put up fur the next election. Add. Spectator. 
 
 Elective, odj. [from dect.] 
 
 1. Regulated or bestowed by election or 
 choice. 
 
 I will say positively and resolutelvi that it is 
 impossible an etectirc monarchy sliouul be so free 
 and absolute as an hereditary. Bacnn. 
 
 The last change of their government, from elec- 
 tive to hereditary, has made it seem hitherto of 
 less force, and unfitter for action abroad. Temple. 
 
 2. Exerting the power of choice. 
 
 To talk of compelling a man to be good, is a 
 
 contradiction ; for where there is force, there can 
 
 be no choice : whereas all moral goodness consist- 
 
 elh in the elective act of the understanding will. 
 
 Greu's Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 Ele'ctively. adj. [from elect.] By 
 choice; with preference of one to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 How or why that should have such an influence 
 upon the spirits, as to drive them into those 
 muscles electively, I am not subtle enough to dis- 
 cern. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 They work not eleclivelu, or upon proposing to 
 themselves an end of their operations. Crew. 
 
 Ele'ctor. n.s. [from elect.] 
 
 1. He that has a vote in the choice of any 
 
 officer. 
 
 From the new world her silver and her gold 
 Came, like a tempest, to confound the old ; 
 Feedintr with these the brib'd electors' hopes. 
 Alone slie gave us emperors and popes. ]]'aller. 
 
 2. A prince who has a voice in the choice 
 of the German emperour. 
 
 Ele'ctoral. adj. [from elector.] Having 
 
 the dignity of an elector. 
 Ele'ctorate. U.S. [from elector.] The 
 
 territory of an elector. 
 
 He has a great and powerful king for his son- 
 in-law ; and can himself command, when he 
 pleases, the whole strength of an electorate in the 
 empire. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 Electee, n.s. \ehctrum, Lat.] 
 
 1. Amber ; which, having the quality 
 when warmed by friction of attracting 
 bodies, gave to one species of attraction 
 the name of electricity^ and to the bo- 
 dies that so attract the epithet electr'ick. 
 
 2, A mixed metal. 
 
 Chv^nge silver plate or vessel into the compound 
 stulF, being a kind of silver electre, and turn the 
 rest into com. Bacon. 
 
 ELE'CTRICAL. "^rtrf/, [from electrum.] 
 
 ELE'CTRICK. S ^^^ Electre.] 
 
 1. Attractive without magnetism ; attrac- 
 tive by a peculiar property, supposed 
 once to belong chiefly to amber. 
 
 By elcctrick bodies do I conceive not such only 
 as take up light bodies, in which number the an- 
 cients only placed jett and amber ; but such as, 
 conveuieully placed, attract all bodies palpable. 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 An electrich body can by friction emit an exha- 
 lation so subtile, and yet so potent, as by its emis- 
 sion to cause no sensible diminution of the weight 
 of the electrich body, and to be expanded through 
 a sphere, whose diameter h above Iwo feet, and 
 yet to be able to carry up lead, couper, or leaf- 
 guld, at the distance of above a toot from the 
 elcctrick body. Neviton. 
 
 2. Produced by an elcctrick body. 
 
 If (!iat attraction were not rather electrical tlian 
 
 E L E 
 
 magnetical, it was wonderouswhat Hclmont deli. 
 vereth concerning a glass, wherein the raagistery 
 of loadstone was prepared, which retained an at- 
 tractive tjualiiy. Brown. 
 If a piece of white paper, or a white cloth, or 
 tlie end of one's finger, be held at about a quarter 
 of an inch from the glass, the electrick vapour, ex- 
 cited by friction, wilT, by dashing against the white 
 paper, cloth, or finger, he put into such an agita- 
 tion as to emit light. Neutm's Optich. 
 
 Electricity, n.s. [from ehctrkk. See 
 Electre.] a property in some bodies, 
 whereby, when rubbed so as to grow 
 warm, they draw little bits of paper, or 
 such like stibstances, to theui. Quincy. 
 Such was the account given a few years ago of 
 electricity; hut tlie industry of the present age, 
 first excited by the experiments of Grai/, has dis- 
 covered in electricity a multitude of philosophical 
 wonders. Bodies elcctrLlied by a sphere of glass, 
 turned nimbly round, not only emit flame, but 
 may be fitted with such a quantity of the electri- 
 cal vapour, as if discharged at once upon a tiunian 
 body, would endanger life. The force of this va- 
 pour lias hitherto appeared instantaneous, persons 
 at both ends of a long chain seeming to be struck 
 at once. The philosophers are now endeavouring 
 to intercept the stroke.^ of lightning. 
 
 Ele'ctuary. n. *. [ekctarium, Ccelius 
 Aiirel. which is now written electuary.] 
 A form of medicine made of conserves 
 and powders, in the consistence of honey. 
 Electuaries made up with honey or sy- 
 rup, when the consistence is too thin, 
 ferment: and when too thick, candy. 
 By both which the ingredients will be 
 altered or impaired. Quincy. 
 
 We meet with divers electuaries, which have no 
 ingredient, except sugar, common to any two oi 
 them. Boyle, 
 
 Eleemo'synaky. adj. [i>ui)|Ltoo-u»>j.] 
 
 1 . Living upon alms ; depending upon 
 charity. Not used. 
 
 It is little better than an absurdity, that the 
 cause should be aii eleemosynarii for its subsistence 
 to its etfects, as a nature posteriour to and de- 
 pendent on itself. GlanvlUe's Scepsis. 
 
 2. Given in charity. Tlais is the present 
 use. 
 
 E'LEGANCE. 1 r ; . • i .. n 
 
 Elegancy.}"- *• [^^^.?''«"«. Lat.] 
 
 1. Beauty rather soothing than striking; 
 beauty without grandeur ; the beauty of 
 propriety not of greatness. 
 
 St. Augustine, out of a kind of elegancy in wri- 
 ting, makes some ditVerence. Raleigh's Hist. 
 
 Tliese questions have more propriety, and ele- 
 gancy, understood of the old world. Burnet. 
 
 2. Any thing that pleases by its nicety. 
 In this sense it has a plural. 
 
 My compositions in gardening are altogether 
 Pindarick, and run into the beautiful wjJdnessof 
 nature, without the nicer elegaricies of art. Spect. 
 
 E'LEGANT. adj. [elegans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Pleasing by minuter beauties. 
 
 Trifles themselves are elegant in him. Pope. 
 
 There may'st thou find some elegant retreat. 
 
 London. 
 
 2. Nice ; not coarse ; not gross. 
 Polite with candour, elegant with ease. Pope. 
 
 E'leuANTLY. adv. [from elegant.] 
 
 1. In such a manner as to please. 
 
 Now read with them those organic arts wliich 
 enable men to discourse and write perspicuously, 
 elegantlii, and according to the fittest style of 
 loUy, mean, or lowly. MiUon. 
 
 In a i)oem elegayitlu writ, 
 I will not quarrel wiih a sli>?tit mistake. Uoscom. 
 
 2. Neatly; nicely; with minute beauty ; 
 with pleasing propriety. 
 
 606
 
 E L E 
 
 They describe her in part finely and elegantly, 
 
 mid in part gravel^' and benlentiously. Bacon. 
 
 \Vhuever would write elegantly, must have re- 
 
 gird to the ditlerent tuni ajid juncture of every 
 
 period; there must be projjer distances and pauses. 
 
 Pope^s Odumey, Nvtes. 
 
 Elegi'ack. adj. [elegiacus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Used in elegies. 
 
 2. Pertaining to elegies. 
 8. Mournful ; sorrowful. 
 
 Let elegiac lay the woe relate, 
 Soft as the breath of distant flutes. Cay's Trivia. 
 
 E'legy. n. s. [t;legus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A mournful song. 
 
 Heliangsodes upon hawthorns, and e/f^« upon 
 brambles, all forsooth deifying the name of Ri'sa- 
 lind. Skakesp 
 
 2. A funeral song. 
 
 So on Meander's banks, when death is nigh. 
 The mournful swan sings her own elcgif. Dryd. 
 
 3. A short poem without points or af- 
 fected elegancies. 
 
 E'LEMENT. n.s. \elementum, Lat.] 
 
 1. The first or constituent principle of 
 any thing. 
 
 If nature should intermit lier course, those prin- 
 cipal and tiiother elements of the world, whereof 
 all things in this lower world are made, should 
 lose the qualities which now they have. Hooker 
 
 A man may rationally retain doubts concerning 
 the number of those ingredients of bodies, which 
 some call elements, ana others principles. Bot/lc 
 
 Simple substances are either spirits, which have 
 no manner of composition, or the first principles 
 of bodies, usually called e/ements, of which other 
 bodies are compounded. Watts. 
 
 2. The four elements, usually so called, 
 are earth, fire, air, water, of which our 
 world is composed. ^Vhen it is used 
 alone, element commonly means the air. 
 
 The king is but a man ; the violet smells to him 
 as it doth to nie ; and the elemetit shews to him as 
 it doth to me. Slialcesp. 
 
 My dearest sister, fare thee well ; 
 The elements be kind to thee, and make 
 Thy spirits all of comfort. Shakesp. .int. and Cleop. 
 
 The king. 
 Contending with the fretful elements, 
 Bids the wind blow the earth into the sea. 
 Or swell the curled waters. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 The heavens and the earth will pass away, and 
 the elements melt with fervent heat. Peter. 
 
 Here be four of you, able to make a good 
 world ; for you are as ditfering as the four ele- 
 ments. Bacon. 
 
 He from his flaming ship his children sent. 
 To perish in a milder element. Waller. 
 
 3. The proper habitation or sphere of any 
 thing : as water of fish . 
 
 We are simple men; we do not know she 
 works by cliarms, by spells, and such daubry as 
 is beyond our element. Shakes]J. 
 
 Our torments may, in length of time. 
 Become our elements. Milton. 
 
 They shew that they are out of their element, 
 and that logick is none" of their talent. 
 
 Baker on Learning. 
 
 4. An ingredient; a constituent part. 
 Who set the body and the limbs 
 
 Of this great sport together, as you guess? 
 
 One sure that promises no elemetit 
 In such a business. Shakesp. HcnryVlll. 
 
 5. The letters of any language. 
 
 6. The lowest or first rudiments of litera- 
 ture or science. 
 
 With religion it fareth as with other sciences ; 
 the 6r8t delivery of the elemenu thereof must, for 
 like consideration, be framed according to the 
 weak and slender capacity of young beginners. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Every parish should keep a petty schoolmaster, 
 which should bring up children in the first elements 
 of letters. Spenur. 
 
 E L E 
 
 We, when we were children, were in bondage 
 under the elements of the world. Gal iv. 3. 
 
 'i'liere is nothing more pernicious to a youth, in 
 the elements of painting, than an ignorant master. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 To Element, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To compound of elements. 
 
 \A'liethcr any one such body be met with, in 
 those said to be elemented bodies, 1 now question. 
 
 Bol^le. 
 
 2. To constitute ; to make as a first prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 Dull sublunary lover's love. 
 Whose soul is sense, cannot admit 
 
 Of absence, 'cause it doth remove 
 The thing which elemented it. Dunne. 
 
 Eleme'ntal. adj. [from element.'] 
 
 1. Produced by sotne of ihe four elements. 
 
 If dusky spots are vary'd on his brow, 
 And streak'd with red, a troubl'd colour show ; 
 That sullen mixture sliall at once declare 
 Winds, rain, and storms, and elemental war. 
 
 Dryden's Jlrgil. 
 
 Soft yielding minds to water glide away. 
 And sip with nymphs their e/emenfu( tea. Pope. 
 
 2. Arising from first principles. 
 Leeches are by some accounted poison, not pro- 
 perly, that is by temperamental contrariety, occult 
 form, or so much as elemental repugnancy; but 
 inwardly taken, they fasten upon the veins, and 
 occasion an effusion of blood. Broicn. 
 
 Elementa'rity. w. s. [from elementary.] 
 Containing rudiments or first principles ; 
 the simplicity of nature, or absence of 
 composition ; being uncompotinded. 
 
 A very large class of creatures in the eartli, far 
 above the condition of ekmentarity. 
 
 Broicn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Eleme'ntary. adj. [from dement.] 
 
 1. Uncompounded ; having only one prin- 
 ciple or constituent part. 
 
 All rain water contains in it a copious sediment 
 of terrestrial matter, and is not a simple elementary 
 water. Uay. 
 
 The elementary salts of animals are not the same 
 as thev appear by distillation. Arbuth. on Aliments. 
 
 2. Initial ; rude. 
 
 Ele'mi. n. s. 
 
 This drug is improperly called gnm c?^7Jii, being 
 a resin. The genuine elemi is brought from ^-Ethio- 
 pia in fiattish masses, orincvlinders,ofa vellowish 
 colour. It is very rare in I^urope, and supposed 
 to be produced bv a tree of the olive kind. The 
 spurious or .American elemi, almost the only kind 
 known, is of a whitish colour, with a greater or less 
 greenish or yellowish tinge. It proceeds from a 
 tall tree, which the Brasilians wound, and collect 
 the resin. Hill's Mat. iled. 
 
 Ele'nch. n. s. [elenchus, Lat.] An argu- 
 ment ; a sophism. 
 
 The first delusion Satan put upon Eve, and his 
 whole tentation might be the same elench conti- 
 nued, as when he said. Ye shall not die; that 
 was, in his equivocation, you shall not incur pre- 
 sent death. Brotm's Vulg. Err. 
 Discover the fallacies of our common adversary, 
 that old sophistcr, who puts the most abusive 
 elenclies onus. Decay of' Pi'elv. 
 
 Ele'ots. r. s. Some name the apples in 
 request in the C3cler countries so ; not 
 known by that name in several parts of 
 England. JMurtimcr's Husbandry. 
 
 E'lephant. n.s. [elep/ias, Lat.] 
 
 1. The largest of all quadrupeds, of whose 
 sagacity, faithfulness, prudence, and 
 even understanding, rnany surprisino- 
 relations are given. This animal feeds 
 on hay, herbs, and all sorts of pulse ; 
 and is said to be extremely long lived. 
 
 E L E 
 
 He is supplied with a trunk, or long 
 hollow cartilage, which hangs between 
 his teeth, and serves him for hanHs. 
 His teeth are the ivory. Calmtl. 
 
 He loves to hear. 
 That unicorn» may be betray 'd with trees. 
 And bears with glasses, elepiumU with holes. Shah, 
 1 he elephant hath joints, but not for courtesy ; 
 His legs ate for necessity, not fleiurc. Shaketp. 
 2. Ivory ; the teeth of elephants. 
 High o'er tlie gate, in elephant and gold. 
 The crowd shall Caesar's Indian war behold. 
 
 Dryden's Virgit. 
 Elephanti'aSis. n. s. [elephtintiasis, 
 Lat.] A species of leprosy, so called 
 from covering the skin with incrusta- 
 tions like those on the hide of an ele- 
 phant. 
 Elephantine, adj. [elephantinus, Lat.] 
 
 Pertaining to the elephant. 
 To E'LE\'ATE. v. n. [elevo. Lat,] 
 
 1. To raise up aloft. 
 
 This subterranean heat or fire, which etevctea 
 the water out uf the abyss. Woedttetrd. 
 
 2. To exalt ; to dignify. 
 
 3. To raise with great conceptions. 
 
 Others apart sat on a hill retir'd. 
 In flioughts more elevate, and rcason'd high 
 Of providence, foreknowledge, will, and fate. MU. 
 
 In all that great extent, wlierein the mind wan- 
 ders, in those remote speculations it may seem to 
 be elevated with, it stirs not beyond sense or re- 
 flection. ' Locke. 
 
 Now rising fortune elevates his mind. 
 He shines unclouded, and adorns mankind. &itȣc. 
 
 4. To elate with vicious pride. 
 
 To njischief swift, hope elei^tes, and joy 
 Brightens his crest. ' Miitm. 
 
 5. To lessen by detraction. This sense, 
 though legitimately deduced fjrom the 
 Latin, is not now in use. 
 
 When the judgments of learned men are al- 
 ledged against you, what do they but either ele- 
 vate their credit, or oppose unto them the judg- 
 ments of others as learned .' Hooker. 
 
 Elevate, part. adj. [from elevated.'] 
 Exalted ; raised aloft. 
 
 On each side an imperial city stood. 
 With tow'rs and temples proudly e/f rate 
 On seven small hills. Milton. 
 
 Eleva'tion. n. s. [elevatio, Lat.] 
 
 I. The act of raising aloft. 
 
 I'lie disruption of the strata, the elevation of 
 some, and depression of others, did not fall out by 
 chance, but were directed by a discerning prin- 
 ciple. _ _ _ " Woodaard. 
 
 i. Exaltation ; dignity. 
 
 Angels, in their several degrees of eleuatim 
 above us, niay be endowed wah more compre- 
 hensive faculties. Locke. 
 
 3. Exaltation of the mind by noble con- 
 ceptions. 
 
 We are therefore to love him with all possible 
 application and elcv,UioH of sjiiril, with all the 
 heart, soul and mind. Xorris. 
 
 4. Exaltation of style. 
 
 His style "as an elegant perspicuity, rich of 
 
 f)lnase, but seldom any bold metaphors ; and so 
 ar from tumid, that it rather wanted a little cif- 
 vation. _ M'tKton. 
 
 5. Attention to objects above us. 
 
 .\l\ which dillVrontWetnrK>n3 of spirit unto God, 
 arc contained in the name of prayer. Hooker. 
 
 G. The height of any heavenly body with 
 respect to the horizon. 
 
 Some latitudes have no canicular days, as those 
 which have more than seventy-three degrees of 
 northern elevation, as Nova iie'mbla. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 6O7
 
 E L I 
 
 Elevator, n. s. [from <7rrfl/f.] A raiser 
 or lifter up, applied to some chirurgical 
 instruments put to such uses. Quincy. 
 
 ELEVEN, adj. [ivnblepen, Sax.] Ten 
 and one ; one more than ten. 
 
 H;id I a dozen sons, and none loss dear tiiauMar- 
 cius, I had rather eit'idi die nobly for tlieircountry, 
 than one voluptuously forfeit out of action. Shak. 
 
 Eleventh, adj. [fVom e/cuen.] The next 
 in order to the tenth. 
 
 In the eleventh chapter he returns to speak of 
 the building of Babel. Raleigh's History. 
 
 ELF. n.s. plural elves, [elf, Welsh. Bax- 
 ter's Gloss.] 
 
 1. A wandering spirit, supposed to be seen 
 in wild imfrequented places ; a fairy. 
 
 Tlironuh this iiouse give glimmcr'uig light, 
 By the dead and drowsy fire; 
 Every e//, and fairy sprite, 
 Hop as light as bird from briar. Shakesp. 
 
 Fairy clveSt 
 AVhose midnight revels by some forest side, 
 Or fountain, some belated peasant sees, 
 Or dreams he sees. Miltcn, 
 
 The king ofelfs and little fairy queen 
 Gambol'd ou heaths, and danc'd on ev'ry green. 
 
 Driiiten- 
 
 If e'er one vision touch'd thy infant thouglit. 
 Of all the nurse and all the priest have taught. 
 Of airy elves by moon-light shadow seen, 
 The stiver token, and tEe circled green. Pope. 
 
 2. A devil. 
 
 That we may angels seem, we paint them elves ; 
 And are but satires to set up ourselves. Dryden. 
 
 However it was civil, an angel or elf; 
 For he ne'er could have fill'd it so well of himself. 
 
 Su-iJ't. 
 
 To Elf. v. a. [from the noun.] To entangle 
 hair in so intricate a manner, that it is not 
 to be unravelled. This the vulgar have 
 supposed to be the work of fairies in the 
 night ; and all hair so matted together, 
 hath hadthenameof e//"-/o('A;s. Hanmer. 
 
 My face I'll grime with filth. 
 Blanket my loins, elf' all my hair in knots. Shakeqi. 
 E'LFlN.urf/. [fvomel/.] Relating to fairies ; 
 elfish ; belonging to elves. 
 
 Now when that idle dream was to him brought. 
 Unto that elfin knight he bade him fly. 
 Where he slept soundly. Spe}iser. 
 
 E'lflock. n.s. [elf and lock.] Knots of 
 hair twisted by elves. 
 
 This is that very Mab, 
 That plats the manes of horses in the night. 
 And cakes the elf-kcks in foul sluttish hairs. 
 Which, once untangl'd, much misfortune bodes. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To ELI'CITE. v. a. [elicio, Lat.] To strike 
 out ; to fetch out by labour or art. 
 
 Altliou"h the same truths may be elicited, and 
 explicated by the contemplation of animals, yet 
 the^' are more clearly evidenced in the contempla- 
 tion of man. Hale's Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 He elicits those acts out of the meer lapsed state 
 of human nature. Cheyne. 
 
 Elicit, adj. [elicitus, Lat.] Brought 
 into act; brought from possibility to 
 real existence. 
 
 It is the virtue of humility and obedience, and 
 not the formal elicit act of "meekness ; meekness 
 iieing ordinarily annexed to these virtues. Hamm, 
 The schools dispute whether, in morals, the ex- 
 ternal action superadds any thing of good or evil 
 to the internal elicit act of the will. South. 
 
 Elicita'tion. n. s. [from elicio, Lat.] 
 
 That elicitation which the schools intend, is a 
 deducing of the power of the will into act: that 
 drawing which they mention, is merely from the 
 appetibility of the object. Bramball. 
 
 To Eli'de. I', a. [elido, Lat.] To break 
 in pieces ; to crush. 
 
 E L K 
 
 We arc to cut oil' that whereunto ihcy, from 
 whom these objections proceed, tly for defence, 
 when the force and strength of the argument is 
 elided. Hooker. 
 
 Eligibility, n.s. [from eligible.] Wor- 
 thiness to be chosen. 
 
 The business of the will is not to judjje concern- 
 ing the nature of things, but tochoose them incon- 
 sequence of the report made by the understanding, 
 as to their eligibility or goodness. Fiddes's Serm. 
 
 ELIGIBLE. «r//. [e%!7>i/(s,Lat.] Fittobe 
 chosen ; worthy of choice ; preferable. 
 
 A British ministry ought to be satisfied, if, al- 
 lowing to every particular man that his private 
 scheme is wisest, they can persuade him, that next 
 to his own plan, that of the government is the 
 most eligible. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Did tney really think, that going on with the 
 war was more eligible for their country than the 
 least abatement of those conditions ? SwiJ't. 
 
 That the most plain, short, apd lawful way to 
 any good end, is more eligible than one directly 
 contrary in some or all of these qualities. Su-ift. 
 
 Certainty, in a deep distress, is more eligible 
 than suspense. Clarissa. 
 
 E'ligibleness. n. s. [from eligible.] 
 Worthiness to be chosen ; preferableness. 
 
 Elimina'tion. 71. s. [elimino, Lat.] The 
 act of banishing ; the act of turning out 
 of doors; rejection. .Diet. 
 
 Eli'sion. n.s. [cfo/o, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of cutting off; as, can't th' at- 
 tempt, there is an elision of a syllable. 
 
 You will observe the abbreviation and elisions, 
 by which consonants of most obdurate sounds are 
 joined together, without any softening vowel to 
 mtervene. Swift. 
 
 2. Division; separation of parts. 
 
 The cause given of sound, that it would be an 
 elision of the air, whereby, if they mean any thing, 
 they mean a cutting or dividing, or else an atte- 
 nuating of the air, is but a term of ignorance. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. H'lst. 
 
 Elixa'tion. n. s. [elixtis, Lat.] The act 
 of boiling or stewing any tiling. 
 
 Even to ourselves, and more perfect animals, 
 water performs no substantial nutrition ; serving 
 for refrigeration, dilution of solid aliments, and 
 its elixation in the stomach. Brown. 
 
 Eli'xir. m. s. [Arabick.] 
 
 1. A medicine made by strong infusion, 
 where the ingredients are almost dis- 
 solved in the menstruum, and give it a 
 thicker consistence than a tincture. Quin, 
 
 For when no healing art prevail'd. 
 When cordials and elirirs fail'd. 
 On your pale clieek he dropp'd the show'r, 
 Reviv'd you like a d3'ing flow'r. Waller. 
 
 2. The liquor, or whatever it be, with 
 which chymists hope to transmute me- 
 tals to gold. 
 
 No chymist yet the elixir got. 
 But glorifies hi's pregnant pot. 
 If by the wa^' to him befal 
 Some odoriferous thing, or medicinal. iJonne. 
 
 3. The extract or quintessence of any 
 thing. 
 
 In the soul, when the supreme faculties move 
 regularly, the inferior passions and atfections fol- 
 lowing, "there arises a serenity infinitely beyond 
 the highest quintessence and elixir of worldly de- 
 light. South. 
 
 4. Any cordial or invigorating substance. 
 
 AVhat wonder then, if fields and rejiions here 
 Breathe forth elixir pure ! JVIi/(i);i s Par. Lost. 
 
 Elk. n. s. [aelc, Sax.] 
 
 The elk is a large and stately animal of the stag 
 kind. The neck is short and slender ; the ears 
 nine incites iu length, and four in hivadlh. The 
 colour of its coat in Winter is greyish, in Summer 
 it is paler. The horns of the male elk are short 
 and thick near the head, where it by degrees e.x- 
 
 ELM 
 
 pands into a great breadth, with several promi- 
 nences in its edges. HUi. 
 
 And, scarce his head 
 Rais'd o'er the lieapy wreath, the branching elk 
 Lies sluinb'ring silent in the white abyss. Thomson. 
 
 Ell. n. s. [eln. Sax.] 
 
 1. A measure containing forty-five inches, 
 or a yard and a quarter. 
 
 They are said to make yearly forty thousand 
 pieces of linen cloth, reckoning two hundred ells 
 to the piece. _ Addison. 
 
 2. It is taken proverbially for a long 
 measure. 
 
 Acquit thee bravely, play the man ; 
 Look not on pleasures as tiiey come, but go : 
 
 Defer not the last virtue ; life's poor span 
 Makes not an ell by trifling in thy woe. Herbert. 
 
 ELLI,PSIS. n. s. [?w>£.»<7,5.] 
 
 1. A figure of rhetorick, by which some- 
 thing is left out necessary to be stipplied 
 by the hearer : as, the thing I love, for 
 the thing which I love. 
 
 The words are delivered by way of ellipsis. 
 Bom. iv. 18. Hammond. 
 
 2. [In geometry.] An oval figure, being 
 generated from the section of a cone, by 
 a plane cutting both sides of the cone, 
 but not parallel to the base, which pro- 
 duces a circle, and meeting with the 
 base when produced. Harris. 
 
 On the cylinder inclmed, describe an ellipsis 
 parallel to the horizon. Wilkins's Dctdalus. 
 
 The planets could not possibly acquire such re- 
 volutions in circular orbs, or in clUpses very little 
 eccentrick. Bentky. 
 
 Elli'ptical. 7 adj. [from ellipsis.] Hav- 
 Elli'ptick. 3 ^"S ^'^^ form of an ellip- 
 sis ; oval. 
 
 Since the planets move in elliptick orbits, in one 
 of whose foci the sun is, and by a radius from the 
 sun describe equal areas in equal times, which no 
 other law of a circulating fluid, but the harmonical 
 circulation, can account for ; we must find out a 
 law for the paracentrical motion, that may make 
 the orbits elliptick. Cheyne's Phil. Prin. 
 
 In animals, that gather food from the ground, 
 the pupil is oval or elliptical; the greatest dia- 
 meter going transversely from side to side. 
 
 Cheyne's Phil. Prin, 
 Elm. n. s. [ulmus, Lat. elm. Sax.] 
 1. The name of a tree. The species are, 
 the common rough-leaved elm ; the 
 witch hazel, or broad-leaved elm, by 
 some called the British elm ; the smooth- 
 leaved or witch ehn. Neither of them 
 were originally natives of this country ; 
 but they have propagated themselves 
 by seeds and suckers in such plenty as 
 hai-dly to be rooted out ; especially in 
 hedgerows, where there is harbour for 
 their roots. They are very proper to 
 place in hedgerows upon the borders of 
 the fields, where they will thrive better 
 than when planted in a wood or close 
 plantation, and their shade will not be 
 very injurious to whatever grows under 
 them ; for they may be trained up in 
 form of an hedge, keeping them cut 
 every year, to the height of forty or 
 fifty "feet: but they should not be plant- 
 ed too near fruit trees ; because the roots 
 of the elm will intermix with the roots 
 of other trees, and deprive them of nou- 
 rishment. Miller. 
 
 The rural seat. 
 Whose lofty elms and venerable oaks, 
 
 608
 
 ELO 
 
 Invite the rook, w]io hisli amid' tlie bousiis, 
 111 early Spring, his air^' city builds. Thotnson. 
 2. It was used to support vines, to which 
 the poets allude. 
 
 Thou art an ilm, my liusband ; I a vine, 
 AVhosc wealiness married to thy stronger state, 
 Makes me with thy strength to communicate. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Elocu'tion. n.s. [tlocutio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The power effluent speech. 
 
 A travelled doctor of physick, of bold, and of 
 able elocution. Wotlon. 
 
 2. Power of speaking ; speech. 
 
 Whose taste, too long forborne, at first essay 
 Gave elocution to the nnite, and taught 
 The tongue not made for speech to speak thy 
 praise. Milton. 
 
 3. The power of expression or diction ; 
 eloquence ; beauty of words. 
 
 The third happiness of this poet's imagination is 
 elocution, or tlie art of cloathing or adorning that 
 thought so found, and varied, in apt, significant, 
 and sounding words. _ Driidcn. 
 
 As I have endeavoured to adorn it with noble 
 thoughts, so much more to express those thoughts 
 with elocution. Dnjden. 
 
 E'logy. n. s. [doge, Fr.] Praise ; pa- 
 negyrick. 
 
 Buckingham lay undermillioiis of maledictions, 
 which at trie prince's arrival did vanish into prais- 
 es and elegies. Motion. 
 
 If I durst say all 1 know of the elogies received 
 concerning him, 1 should offend the modesty of 
 our author. Boijle. 
 
 Some excellent persons, above my approbation 
 or elogy, have considered this subject. 
 
 Holder s Elements of Speech. 
 
 Fo E'loigne. V. a. [eloigner, Fr.] To 
 put at a distance ; to remove one far 
 from another. Now disused. 
 
 From wordly care himself he did eluin, 
 And greatly shunned manly exercise. Fairi/Qifee/i. 
 
 I'll tell thee now, dear love ! what tiiou shalt do 
 To anger destiny, as she doth us ; 
 How I shall stay though she ehigne rae thus, 
 And how posterity sliall know it too. Donne. 
 
 To ELONG.\TE. v. a. [from longus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To lengthen; to draw out; to pro- 
 tract ; to stretch. 
 
 2. To put further off. 
 
 The first star of .\ries, in the time of Meton the 
 Athenian, was placed in the very intersection, 
 which is now elongated and moved eastward twen- 
 ty-eight degrees. Brown. 
 
 To Elo'ngate. t>. n. To go off to a 
 distance from any thing. 
 
 About Cape Frio in Brasilia, the South point of 
 the compass varicth twelve degrees unto the West; 
 but eUnti^ating from the coast of Brasilia, towards 
 the shore of Africa, it varieth eastward. 
 
 Broicn's Vulg. EiTours. 
 
 Elonga't.JON. v.s. [{rom elongate.] 
 
 1. The act of stretching or lengthening 
 itself. 
 
 To tJiis motion of elongation of the fibres, is 
 owing the union or conglutination of the parts of 
 the body, when they are separated by a wound. 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. The state of being stretched. 
 
 3. [In medicine.] An imperfect luxation, 
 when the ligament of any joint is so ex- 
 tended or relaxed as to lengthen the 
 limb, but yet not let the bone go quite 
 out of its place. Quincy. 
 
 Elongations are the effect of an humour soaking 
 upon a ligament, thereby making it liable to be 
 stretched, and to be thrust quite out upon every 
 little force. Wiseman sSurgeru, 
 
 Vol I. 
 
 ELS 
 
 4. Distance ; space at which one thing is 
 
 distant from another. 
 
 Tlic distant points in tlie celestial expanse ap- 
 pear to the eye in so small a degree of elongation 
 from anotlieri as bears no proportion to what is 
 real. GlanvilU'sScepsU. 
 
 5. Departure ; removal. 
 
 Nor tljcn had it been placed in a middle point, 
 but that of descent, or etongntum. 
 
 Brown's Vulg, Errours. 
 To ELO'PE. V. a. [hopen to run, Dut.] 
 To run away ; to break loose ; to escape 
 from law or restraint. 
 
 It is nccessarjf to treat women as members of the 
 body politick, since _great numbers of lliem Iiavc 
 cloned from their allegiance. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 VViiat fr,jm the dame can Paris hope ? 
 She may as well from him elope. Prior. 
 
 The lool whose wife elopes some thrice a quarter, 
 For matrimonial solace dies a martyr. Pope. 
 
 Elo'pement. «. s. [from elope,] De- 
 parture from just restraint ; rejection of 
 lawful power : commonly used of a 
 wife. 
 
 An clopementU the voluntary departure of a wife 
 from her husband to live with an adulterer, and 
 with whom she lives in breach of the matrimonial 
 vow. Aijiyje's Parerg07i. 
 
 The negligent husband, trusting to the efficacy 
 of his principle, was undone by nis wife's c/ijpc- 
 ment from him. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Elops. n.s. [6'ao4'-] a fish ; reckoned 
 however by Milton among the serpents. 
 
 Scorpion and asp, and amphisbena dire, 
 Cerastes horn'd, hydrus, ana elojjs drear. 
 And dipsfiSi, Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 E'loquence. n. s. [eloquentia, Lat.] 
 
 1, The power of speaking with fluency 
 and elegance ; oratory. 
 
 Action is eloquence, and the eyes of tlie ignoran.1 
 More learned than the ears. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Athens or free Rome, wliere eloquence 
 Flourish'd since mute. Milton. 
 
 His infant softness pleads a milder doom. 
 And speaks with all tne eloquence of tears. Heigh. 
 
 2. Elegant language uttered with fluency. 
 
 Sa^r she be mute, and will not speak a word : 
 Then I'll commend her volubility. 
 And say she utter'd piercing eloquence. Shakesp. 
 
 Fit words atlendea on his weighty sense, 
 And mild persuasion flow'd in eloquence. Pope's Od. 
 E'loquent. adj\ {eloquens, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing the power of oratory ; having the 
 power effluent and elegant speech. 
 
 The Lord of hosts doth take away the captain 
 of fifty, and the honourable man, and the counsel- 
 lor, a*nd the cunning artificer, and the eloi^uent 
 orator. Isaiah, iii. 3. 
 
 O death ! all eloquent, you only prove 
 What dust we dote on, when 'tis man we love. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Else, pronoun, [ellef, Sax.] Other; 
 one besides : it is applied both to per- 
 sons and things. 
 
 To stand stained with travel, and sweating with 
 desire toseciiim ; thinking of nothing e/^e, putting 
 all affairs else in oblivion, as if there were notliiui; 
 else to he done but to see him. Shakesp. Henrv IV. 
 
 Should he or any else search, he will find evi- 
 dence of the Divine Wisdom. 
 
 Hotels Origin (f Mankind. 
 
 He says, 'twas then with him, as now «ith vou; 
 He did It \N hen he had notliing else to do. Denham. 
 
 Else. adv. 
 L Otherwise. 
 
 Dare not, on thy life, 
 Touch ought of mine beside, by lot my due. 
 But stantfaloof, and think profane to view : 
 This faulchion, ibc, not hitherto withstood, 
 These hostile fields shall fatten with thy blood. 
 
 Drvden. 
 What ways are there whereby we should be as- 
 sured, but either by an internal impression of the 
 
 ELY 
 
 notion of a God unon our minds, or eht bj iuetj 
 external and visible effects as our reason tells u> 
 must be attributed to some cause' TilloUfn. 
 
 2. Beside ; except that mentioned. 
 l*lcasures which no ivhere else were to be found. 
 
 And all Elysium in a si)ot of ground. Drydert. 
 
 3. It has sometimes or before it super- 
 fluously. 
 
 Be more abstemious. 
 Or else, good night your vow. Shatttsp. 
 
 E'lsewhere. adv. [else and tcliere.'] 
 
 1. In any other place. 
 
 There are here divers trees, which are not to 1« 
 found elsewhere. Abbot's Descrip. of the li'arU. 
 
 As he jjroved that Pison was not Ganges, or 
 Gchon, N'ilus ; so where to 6nd them clseultere he 
 knew not. Raleigh's }listory. 
 
 For, if we chance to fu our thoughts eluKherc, 
 Though our eyes open be, we cannot see. JJarie*. 
 
 Hencefortn oracles arc ceas'd. 
 And thou no more with pomp nnd sacriBce 
 Slialt be enquir'd at Delphos, or elseichere. Miltnn. 
 
 Although seasoned bodies may and do live near 
 as long in London as elsewhere, yet new-comers 
 and children do not. Graunl's Bills of Mortality. 
 
 2. In other places ; in some other place. 
 
 They which eUewhere complain, that injury is 
 offered to the meanest minister, when the magis- 
 trate appointeth him what to wear, think the 
 gravest prelates no competent judges where it is 
 ht for the minister to stand. Hooker. 
 
 Let us no more contend, nor blame 
 Each other, blam'd enough elsewhere. Milium. 
 
 Bestow, base man, thy idle threats elsetchere ; 
 My mother's daughter knows not how to fear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 If it contradict what he says efscu/ifTf, it is no 
 new or strange thing. Tillotson. 
 
 To Elu'cidate. r. a. [elucido, Lat.] To 
 explain ; to clear ; to make plain. 
 
 To elucidate a little the matter, let us consider 
 it, Boytc. 
 
 Elucidation, n.s. [from elucidate.'] 
 Explanation ; exposition. 
 
 We shall, in order to the elucidation of tliis mat- 
 ter, subjoin the following experiment. boylc. 
 
 Elucida'tor. n. s. [from elucidate.} 
 Explainer ; expositor ; commentator. 
 
 Obscurity is brought over them by the course 
 of ignorance and age, and yet more by their pe- 
 dantical elucidators. Abbot. 
 
 To ELUDE, r. a. [eludo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To escape by stratagem ; to avoid any 
 mischief or danger by artifice. 
 
 Several i-ernicious vices, notorious among us. 
 escape or elu<ic the punishment of any law yet in- 
 vented. . Sirijt. 
 
 He who looks no higher for the motives of his 
 conduct than tlic resentments of human justice, 
 whenever he can presume himself cunning enough 
 to elude, rich enough to bribe, or strong enough to 
 resist it, will be under no restraint. Rogers. 
 
 2. To mock b)' an unexpected escape. 
 Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain. 
 
 Then, Viid in shades, eludes her eager swain ; 
 But feigns a laugh to see me search around, 
 .\nd by that laugh the willing fair is found. Pope. 
 
 Elu'dible. adj. [from elude.] Possible 
 to be defeated. 
 
 There is not any common place more insisted on 
 than the happiness of trials by juries; yet if this 
 blessed part of our law be eludible by power aiid 
 artifice, we shall have little reason to boast. Sn^. 
 
 Elves. The plural of «■//. See Elf. 
 
 Fairy f/it.< 
 ^^ hose midnight revels by some forest side. 
 Or fountain, some belated peasant sees. 
 Or dreams he sees. Mikon. 
 
 Ve svlphs and svlphids to your chief give ear ; 
 Favs, fairies, genii^ ehes and ilemons hear. Pope. 
 
 E'lvelock. n. s. [from elves and lock.] 
 41 609
 
 E M A 
 
 Knots in the hair superstitlously sup- 
 posed to be tangled by the fairies. 
 
 from the like nii^lit proceed tfie fears of polling 
 tlvelachs, or complicHteu liairs of tlie liead. 
 
 Brown's ^'nlg. Err. 
 
 E'lvish. adj. [from elns, the plural of 
 elf: it had been written more properly 
 r(fish.] Relating to elves, or wandering 
 spirits. 
 
 Thou elvish niarkt, abortive, rioting Iiog f 
 The slave of nature, and the son of hell ! Shakesp. 
 
 No muse hath heen so bold. 
 Or of the latter or the old, 
 Those elvish secrets to unfold, 
 
 Which lie from others reailing. Drayton. 
 
 Elu'm BATED, flrf; [eluinbis, La.t.] Weak- 
 ened in the loins. Diet. 
 
 Elu'sion. It. s. [elusio, Lat.] An es- 
 cape from eii(|uiry or examination ; a 
 fraud ; an artifice. 
 
 An appendix, relating to the transmutation of 
 metals, detects the impostures and eliision.iu( those 
 who have pretended to it. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Elu'sive. adj. [from elude.] Practising 
 elusion ; using arts to escape. 
 
 Elusive of the bridal day, slie gives 
 Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives. P()pe. 
 Elu'sory. adj. [from elude.] Tend- 
 ing to elude; tending to deceive; frau- 
 dulent ; deceitful ; fallacious. 
 
 It may be feared tliey are but Parthian flights, 
 ambuscade retreats, anil e/»s«-v tcrj^iversation. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 To Elu'te. I', a. [elito, Lat.l To wash 
 off. 
 
 The more oily any spirit is, the more pernici- 
 ous ; because it is harder to be eliited by the blood. 
 Arbutlnwt on Aliments. 
 
 To Elu'triate. v. a. [elutrio, Lat.] 
 To decant ; or strain out. 
 
 The pressure of the air upon the lungs is much 
 jess than it has been computed by some ; but still 
 it is something, and the alteration of one tenth of 
 its force upon the lungs must produce some dif- 
 ference in elutrititing the blood as it passes through 
 the lungs. Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 Elv'sian. adj \elysius, Lat.] Pertain- 
 ing to Elysium ; pleasant ; deliciously 
 soft and soothing ; exceedingly delight- 
 fid. 
 
 The river of life, throuoh midst of heaven. 
 Rolls o'er elusian tlowers her amber stream. /VIjVtoH. 
 
 ELYSIUM, n. s. [Lat.] The place 
 assigned by the heathens to happy souls; 
 any place exquisitely pleasant. 
 
 To have thee with thy li|!s to stop my mouth, 
 So should'st thou either turn my flying'^suul. 
 Or 1 should breathe it so into lliy body. 
 And then it liv'd in sweet Elysium.Shak Hen. VI. 
 'Em. a contraction of them. 
 
 For he could coin and counterfeit 
 New words with little or no wit •, 
 .\\u\ when with hasty noise he spoke 'em. 
 The ignorant for current took 'em. Hudibrat. 
 
 To EMA'CIATE. v. a. [emacio, Lat.] 
 To waste ; to deprive of tlesh. 
 
 Men after long emaciating diets wax plump, fat, 
 and almost new. Bacon. 
 
 All dying of the consumption, die emaciated and 
 Craunt's Bills of' Mortaliti). 
 
 To lose flesh ; to 
 
 lean. 
 
 To Ema'ciate. v. n. 
 pine ; to grow lean. 
 
 He emaciated and pined away in the too anxious 
 enquiry of the sea's reciprocation, although not 
 drowned therein. Brown. 
 
 Emaciation, n. s. [emaclatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of making lean. 
 
 2. The state of one grown lean. 
 
 E M A 
 
 Searchers cannot tell whether this emaciation or 
 leanness were from a phthisis, or from a hectick 
 fcrer. Graunt. 
 
 Emacula'tion. n. s. [emaculo, Lat.] 
 The act of freeing any thing from spots 
 or foulness. Diet. 
 
 E'.MANANT. adj. [emanans, Lat] Issu- 
 ing from something else. 
 
 The first act of the divine nature, relating to the 
 world, and his administration thereof, is an ema- 
 nant act : the most wise counsel and purpose of 
 Almighty God terminate in those two great tran- 
 sient or emanant acts or works, the work of crea- 
 tion ajid providence. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To Emanate, v.n. [emaiw, La.t.] To 
 
 issue or flow from something else. 
 Emana'tion. n. s. [emanado, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of issuing or proceeding from 
 any other substance. 
 
 Aristotle said, that it streamed by connatural 
 result and emanation from God, the inlinite and 
 eternal Mind, as the light issues from the Sun.South. 
 
 2. That which issues from another sub- 
 stance ; an efflux; effluvium. 
 
 The exjierience of those profitable and excellent 
 emanations from God, may oe, and commonly are, 
 the first motive of our love. 'jCaylor. 
 
 Another way of attraction is delivered by a te- 
 nuous emanation, or continued effluvium, which, 
 after some distance, retractelb unto itself ; as in sy- 
 rups, oils, and viscosities, wiiicli spun, at length 
 retire into their former dimensions. Brown. 
 
 Such were the features of her heav'nly face ; 
 Herlintbswere fornicdwith such harmonious grace; 
 So faultless was tiie frame, as if the whole 
 Had been an emanation of the soul. Dryden. 
 
 The letters, every judge will see, were by no 
 means etTorts of the genius, but ema/mtions of the 
 '"■art. Pope. 
 
 Each emanation of his fires 
 That beams on earth, each virtue he inspires ; 
 Each art he prompts, each charm he can create ; 
 VVhate'er he gives, are gir'n for you to hale. Pope. 
 Emana'tive. adj. [from emano, Lat.] 
 Issuing from another. Diet. 
 
 To EiMA'NCIPATE. v. a. [emancipo, 
 Lat.] To set free from servitude ; to 
 restore to liberty. 
 
 Having received the probable inducements of 
 truth, we become emancipated from testimonial 
 engagements. Brown. 
 
 By the twelve tables, only those were called 
 unto the intestate succession of their parents that 
 were in the parents power, excluding all ema«c?- 
 patcd children. Aylijje's Parergon. 
 
 They emancipated themselves from dependence. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Emancipa'tion. n. s. [from emanci- 
 pate.] The act of setting free ; deliver- 
 ance from slavery. 
 
 Obstinacy in opinions holds the dogmatist in 
 
 the chains of error, without hope of emancipatimi. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 To Ema'rginate. v. a. [margo, Lat.] 
 
 To take away the margin or edge of any 
 
 thing. Diet. 
 
 To Ema'sculate. v. a. {emaseuloLvA.] 
 
 \. To castrate; to deprive of virility. 
 
 When it is foundhow many ewes, suppose twen- 
 ty, one ram will serve, we may geld nineteen, or 
 thereabouts ; for if you emasculate but ten, you 
 shall, by promiscuous copulation, hinder the in- 
 crease. _ Graunt. 
 
 2. To effeminate ; to weaken ; to vitiate 
 by unmanly softness. 
 
 From wars and from affairs of state abstain ; 
 Women emasculate a monarch's reign. Dryden. 
 
 Dangerous principles impose upon our under- 
 standings, emasculate our spirits, and spoil our 
 temper. Collier. 
 
 Emascula'tion. n. s. [from emasculate.] 
 
 E M B 
 
 1 . Castration. 
 
 2. Effeminacy; womanish qualities; un- 
 manly softness. 
 
 To Emba'le. v. a. [emballer, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To make up into a bundle. 
 
 2. To bind up ; to inclose. 
 
 Below her arm her weed did somewhat train, 
 And her straight legs most bravely were embal'd 
 In golden buskins of costly cordwain. Fairy Q, 
 
 To Emba'lM. v. a. [emhaumer, Fr. em- 
 balsamer. Span.] To impregnate a body 
 with aromaticks, that it may resist pu- 
 trefaction. 
 
 Embalm me. 
 Then lay me forth ; although unqueen'd, yet like 
 A queen, and daughter to a king, inter me. 
 
 T . , 1 ,. Shakesp. 
 
 i would shew future times 
 What yon were, and leach them t' urge towards 
 such : 
 Verse embalms virtue, and tombs or thrones of 
 rhymes 
 Preserve frail transitory fame as much 
 As spice doth bodies from corrupt air's touch. 
 
 , , Donne. 
 
 Muse ! at that name thy sacred sorrows shed ; 
 Those tears eternal that e'mhalm the dead. Pope. 
 
 Emba'lmer. U.S. [from emltalm.] One 
 that practises the art of embalming and 
 preserving bodies. 
 
 The lloTuans were not so good embalmers as the 
 Egyptians, so the body was utterly consumed. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 To Emba'r. ji. a. [from bar.] 
 
 1. To shut ; to enclose. 
 
 Themselves for fear into his jaws to fall. 
 He forc'd to castle strong to take their flight ; 
 Where fast embar'd in mighty brazen wall. 
 He has them now four years besieg'd to make 
 them thrall. Spenser. 
 
 In form of airy members fair embar'd 
 His spirits pure were subject to our sight. Fairfax, 
 
 2. To stop ; to hinder by prohibition ; to 
 block up. 
 
 Translating the mart unto Calais, he embared all 
 further trade for the future. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 If this commerce 'twixt heav'n and earth were 
 not 
 Embar'd, and all this fraflick quite forgot. 
 She, for whose loss \vq have lamented thus. 
 Would work more fully and pow'rfully on us. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Embarca'tion. ri. s. [from embark.] 
 
 1. The act of putting on shipboard. 
 
 The French gentlemen were very solicitous for 
 the emhurcation of the army, and tor the depar- 
 ture of the fleet. Clarendon. 
 
 2. The act of going on shipboard. 
 
 Emba'rgo. n. s. [embargar, Span.] A 
 prohibition to pass ; in commerce, "a stop 
 put to trade. 
 
 He knew that the subjects of Flanders drew so 
 great commodity from tiie trade of England as by 
 embargo they would soon wa.x weary of Perkin. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 After an embargo of our trading ships in the 
 river of Bourdeaux, and other points of sovereign 
 atfront, there did succeed the action of Rhcez. 
 
 Wotton. 
 I was not much concerned, in my own particu- 
 lar, for the embargo which was laid upon it. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Emba'rk. v. a. [embarquer, Fr.] 
 1. To put on shipboard. 
 
 Of mankind, so numerous late. 
 All left, in one small bottom swam embark'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The king had provided a good fleet, and had 
 
 caused a body of three thousand foot to be cm- 
 
 barked on those ships. Clarendon. 
 
 610
 
 EM B 
 
 Straight to the ships JEneaa took his way, 
 Embarltd his men, gad skiju'd along the sea. 
 
 Drydais JCne'td. 
 
 2. To engage another in any affair. 
 To Embark, v. n. 
 
 1. To go on shipboard, 
 
 1 shuuld with speed embarh. 
 And with their euihassy return to Greece. 
 
 A. Phillips. 
 
 2. To engage in any affair. 
 
 to EMBA'KRASS, v,a, [embarasser, Fr.] 
 To perplex ; to distress ; to entangle. 
 
 I saw my friend a little embarrassed, and turned 
 away. SpecUttor. 
 
 Emba'rrassment. w. s. [from embar- 
 rass.] Perplexity ; entanglement. 
 
 Let your method be plain, that your hearers 
 may run through it without e»ii'an'as5/«t'nf, and 
 take a clear view of the whole. Watts^s Logick. 
 
 To Emba'se. j'. fl. [from base.] 
 
 1. To vitiate ; to depauperate ; to lower ; 
 to deprave; to impair. 
 
 Grains are annual, so that the virtue of the seed 
 is not worn out ; whereas in a tree it 'a embused by 
 tlie grf>und. Bac^m. 
 
 1 have no service or Ignoble end, in my present 
 labour, wliich may, on either side, restrain or 
 cmbase the fieedoin of my poor judgment. ]\'otton. 
 
 I will rather chuse to wear a crown of thorns, 
 than to exchar.tie that of gold for one of lead, 
 whose embased flexibleness shall be furced to bend. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 A pleasure high, rational, and angelical ; a 
 pleasure embased with no appendant sting ; but 
 such a one as being honey in the mouth, never 
 turns to giill or gravel in the belly. South. 
 
 2. To degrade ; to vilify. 
 
 Joy of my life, full oft fur loving you 
 I bless my Tut, that was so luck y plac'd ; 
 
 But then the more your own mishap 1 rue. 
 That are so mucli by so mean love embas'd. Spois. 
 
 Emba'ssador. n. s. [See Ambassa- 
 DOUR.] One sent on a publick mes- 
 sage. 
 
 Alighty Jove's embassador appear'd 
 W'nU the same message. Denham. 
 
 Myself, my king's embassador will go. Dryden. 
 
 Emba'ssaduess. n. s. A woman sent 
 on a publick message. 
 
 \\ itli fear tlie modest matron lifts her eyes, 
 And to the bright embassadress replies. Gari/i'sOtit/. 
 
 Embassage. > «. s. [It may be observed, 
 E'mbassy. j that though our authors 
 write almost indiscriminately tmbasaa- 
 tloVy or ambassador, embassage, or am- 
 bassas^c ; yet there is scarcely an exam- 
 ple ot iifubassi/j all concurnng to write 
 embfis.^i/.] 
 J. A publick message; a message con- 
 cerning business between princes or 
 states. 
 
 Fresh emhassif and suits. 
 Nor from the state nor private friends, hereafter, 
 ^Vil| I lend ear to. Shakesp. Cariolanus. 
 
 When he was at Newcastle he sent a solemn 
 embassage unto James king of Scotland, to treat 
 and conclude a iieace with WinuBacon's Hen. VII. 
 
 The peace polluted thus, a chosen band 
 He first comniissiuus to the Latian land, 
 In tlireat'ning embassy. Drydens J^neid. 
 
 2. Any solemn message. 
 
 He sends the angelson embassies with his decrees. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 S. An errand in an ironical sense, 
 
 A biid «as made fly with such art to carry a 
 written embassage atnvn^ tha ladies, that one might 
 say, If a live bird, how taught? If dead, how 
 made ? Sidney. 
 
 Nimble mischance, that art so light of foot. 
 Doth not (by embassage belong to me ; 
 And am I lust that know hi Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 
 EMB 
 
 To Emba'ttle. v. a. [from battle.'] To 
 range in order or array of battle. 
 
 Tlic English are embattled ; 
 To horse ! you gallant princes, strait to horse ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I could drive her from the ward of her reputa- 
 tion, her marriage-vow, and a thousand otlier her 
 defences, whicli now are too strongly embattled 
 against me. bhakesp. 
 
 On their emhattVd ranks the waves return, 
 And overwhelm the war ! Milton t Par. Lest. 
 
 Kmbatlid nations strive in vain 
 The hero's glory to restrain ; 
 StrcauiS arm'd with rocks, and mountains red with 
 
 fire, 
 In vain against his force consi'ire. Friar. 
 
 To Embattle, v. h. To be ranged in 
 
 battle array. 
 
 The night 
 Is shiny, and they say we shall embattle 
 By the second hour of the morn. Shakesp. 
 
 To Em ba'y. v. a. [from ta/^ner to bathe, 
 
 Fr.] 
 I . To bathe ; to wet ; to wash. Not used. 
 
 In her lap a little babe did play 
 His cruel sp^rt ; 
 
 For in her streaming blood he did emhaii 
 His little hands, and tender joints embrew. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Every sense the humour sweet emiaj/V, 
 And, smmb'ring soft, my heart did steal away. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 •2. [From bai/.] To inclose in a bay ; to 
 land lock. 
 
 If that the Turkisli fleet 
 Be not inshelter'd and embay'd, they're drown'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To EMBELLISH, v. a. [embdlir, Fr.] 
 To adom ; to beautify ; to grace with 
 ornaments ; to decorate. 
 
 How much more beauteous had the fountain 
 been, 
 Fmhellish'd with lier first created green ; 
 Where crystal streams through livmg turf had nm, 
 Contented with an urn of native stone. Drutf. Juv. 
 
 The names of the figures tlmt embellished the 
 discourses of those that understood the art of 
 speaking, are not the art and skill cf speaking 
 well. Locke. 
 
 That which was once the most beautiful spot of 
 Italy, covered with palaces, embellished by empe- 
 rors, and celebrated by poets, has now nothing to 
 shew but ruins. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Embe'llishment. n. s. [from embellish.] 
 Ornament ; adveutitious beauty ; deco- 
 ration ; adscititious grace ; any thing 
 that confers the power of pleasing. 
 
 Cultivate the wild licentious savaM 
 With wisdom, discipline, and liberal arts. 
 The era6e//is/imen(s of life. ^ Addison's Cato. 
 
 Apparitions, visions, and intercourses of all 
 kinds between the dead and tlie living, are the 
 frequent and familiar embellishments of the legends 
 of the Romish church. Atterbury. 
 
 E'mbering. n. s. The ember days. A 
 word used by old authors, now obso- 
 lete. 
 
 For causes good so many ways. 
 Keep emb'rings well, and fastin'g days ; 
 What law commands, we ought to obey, 
 For Friday, Saturn, and Wednesday. Titsser. 
 
 E'mbers. n. s. [Wilhoiit a singular 
 Kmypia, Sav. ashes; einmyriii, Islan- 
 dick, hot ashes or cinders.] Hot cind- 
 ers ; ashes not yet extinguished. 
 
 Take hot embers, 'and put them about a bottle 
 filled with new beer, almost to the very neck ; 
 let the bottle be well slopped, lest it fly out ; and 
 continue it, renewing the embers every day for the 
 space of ten davs. Bacon's ^ at. Hist. 
 
 If the air wilf not permit. 
 Some still removed place will fit. 
 While plowiii;; imhcrs through the room 
 Teach light to counterfeit a gloom. Milton 
 
 EM B 
 
 While llius lieav'n's highest counsels, by the 
 low 
 Footsteps of their eft'ecls, he trac'd too well. 
 He tost his troubled eyes, embers that glow 
 Now with new rage, and wax too hot for hell. 
 
 Crtut.aiL-. 
 He said, and rose, as holy zeal inspires ; 
 He rakes hot embers, and renews the (ires. 
 
 UryHent ^irg'L 
 
 Emberweek. n.s. [The original of this 
 word has been much controverted : 
 some derive it from embers or ashes 
 strewed by penitents on their heads ; 
 but Nelson decides in favour of Mares- 
 ckal, who derives it from ymbren or em- 
 bren a course or circumvolution.] \ 
 week in which an ember day (alls. 
 
 The ember days at the four seasons arc the 
 Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first 
 Sunday in Lent, tlie feast of Pentecost, Sepietu- 
 ber 14, December 13. Common Prayer. 
 
 Stated times appointed for fasting are Lent, and 
 the four seasons of the year called emberictela. 
 
 Aylifje's Parer^on. 
 
 To EMBEZZLE, v. n. [This word seems 
 corrupted by an ignorant pronunciation 
 from imbecile-] 
 
 1 . 'J'o appropriate by breach of trust ; to 
 turn what is intrusted in his hands to 
 his own use. 
 
 He had embez'.led the king's treasure, and ex- 
 torted money by way of li^an from all men. Hutu. 
 
 2. To waste ; to swallow up in riot. 
 When thou hast embezil'd all thy store, 
 
 Where's all thy father left .' ' Dryden's Pen. 
 
 Embe'zzlement. n.s. [(roui embezzle.] 
 
 1. The act of appropriating to himself 
 that which is received in trust for ano- 
 ther. 
 
 2. The thing appropriated. 
 
 Tk Embla'ze. v. a. [blasonner,FT.] 
 I. To adorn with glittering embellish- 
 ments. 
 
 Th' unsought diamonds 
 Would so emhlaw the forehead of the deep. 
 And so bestud with stars, that they below 
 Would grow inur'd to liglit. Milton. 
 
 No weeping orphan saw his father's stores 
 Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors. Pope. 
 •2. To blazon ; to paint with ensigns ar- 
 morial. 
 
 Nor shall this blood be wiped from thy point. 
 But thou shalt wear it as a herald's coat, 
 T' emblaze the hnnour which thy master got.Shak. 
 
 He frcjm the glittering stafl' unfurl'd 
 Th' imperial ensjgn, streaming to the wind, 
 ^\ ilh gems and golden lustre rich emblai'd, 
 Seraphick arms and trophies. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 To Em BL.VzoN. v.a. [blasonner, Tr.] 
 
 1. To adorn with figures of heraldry ; to 
 grace with ensigns armorial. 
 
 2. To deck in glaring colours ; to set out 
 pompously to shew. 
 
 We find Augustus, for some petty conquest, 
 emblazoned by the poets to the highest pilch. 
 
 Hakcuill on Providence. 
 
 Emblazonry, n. s. [from emblazon.] 
 Pictures upon shields. 
 Hira round 
 A globe of fiery seraphim inclos'd 
 With bright emblazonrv and horrent arms. Milton. 
 
 EMBLEM, n. s. [l;u^^,n«.] 
 
 1. Inlay ; enamel ; any thing inserted into 
 the body of another. 
 
 2. .\n occiilt representation ; an allusive 
 picture ; a typical designation. 
 
 She had all the royal makings of a queen. 
 The rod, and bird ot' peace, and all such emblems. 
 Laid nobly on her. Shakesp. Henry ^ II. 
 
 Cll
 
 E M B 
 
 If you draw your beast in an emblem, shew a 
 landscape of the country natural to tlie biast. 
 
 Pcacham on Drawing. 
 Gentle Thames, 
 Thy mighty master's emblem, in ivhose face 
 Sate meekness, heighten'd with ninjestick grace. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 He is indeed a proper emblem of knowledge and 
 
 action, being all head and (jaws. AddUon's Guard. 
 
 To E'mblem. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 represent in an occult or illusive manner. 
 
 Not used. 
 
 The primitive sight of elements doth fitly emblem 
 that of opinions. Clanvillc's Sceysis. 
 
 Emblema'tical.1 ,. r/- . , -, 
 
 Emblema'tick. r'^J- [ft-om ««*/'"'•] 
 
 1. Comprising an emblem ; allusive; oc- 
 cultly representative. 
 
 In the well fram'd models. 
 With imblematick skill and niystick order. 
 Thou shew'dst where tow'rs on battlcmenlsshould 
 
 rise, 
 ^Vhere gates should open, or where walls should 
 compass. I'rior. 
 
 The poets contribute to the explication of re- 
 verses purely emblematical, or when the persons 
 are allegorical. Addison. 
 
 2. Dealing in emblems ; using emblems. 
 
 By tongue and pudding to our friends explain 
 ^^ hat does your emblematick worship mean. Frior. 
 
 Emblem a'tically. adr. [from emblc- 
 7natical.] In the manner of emblems ; 
 allusively ; with occult representation. 
 
 Others have spoken emblematicallij and liierogli- 
 phically, as to the Egyptians ; and the pha;nix 
 was the hierogliphick of the sun. 
 
 Brown's Vtdg. Errours. 
 
 He took a great stone, and put it up under the 
 oak, emblematicallif ju'imag the two great elements 
 of masonry. Swift. 
 
 Emble'matist. n.s. [from emblem.] 
 Writers or inventers of emblems. 
 
 These fables are still mainLained by sYud:>oiical 
 writers, emblematists, and Uev^lds. Brown'sViUg.Er. 
 
 E'mbolism. n.s. [s/ifoAicr^ot.] 
 
 1. Intercalation ; insertion of clays or years 
 to produce regularity and equation of 
 time. 
 
 The civil constitutions of the year were after 
 different manners in several nations; some using 
 the sun's year, hut in divers fashions ; and some 
 follouiiig the moon, finding out embolismi or equa- 
 tions, even to the addition of whole months, to 
 iTTake all as even as they could. Holder on Time. 
 
 2. The time inserted ; intercalatory time. 
 E'mbolus. n. s. [EjiA?o^e;.] Any thing 
 
 inserted and acting in another, as the 
 sucker in a pump. 
 
 Our members make a sort of an hydra-ulick en- 
 gine, in which a chemical liquor, resembling blood, 
 is driven through elastick channels by an ejnboliis, 
 like the heart. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To EMBOSS, i". a. [from basse a pro- 
 tuberance, Fr.] 
 
 1. To form with protuberances ; to cover 
 with something rising into lumps or 
 bunches. 
 
 Timoii hath made his everlasting mansion 
 Upon the beached verge of the salt flood ; 
 Which once a-day, with his embossed froth, 
 'J'he turbulent surge shall cover. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Thou art a bile, 
 A plague sure, or embossed carbuncle, 
 In my CL'rrupted blood. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. 
 And all his people. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 All crowd in lieaps, as at a night alarm 
 The bees drive out upon each other's backs, 
 T' emboss their hives in clusters. Dnjd. DonScbtut. 
 
 2. To engrave with relief, or rising work. 
 
 E M B 
 
 Then o'er the lofty eate his art emboss'd 
 Androgeo's death, and oirrings to his ghost. 
 
 Drxiden's Virg. 
 
 3. [from emboister, Fr. to inclose in a 
 box.] To inclose ; to include ; to cover. 
 
 Tiie knight his thrilliantspear again essay'd 
 In his brass-plated body to emboss, Spcmer. 
 
 And in the way, as she did weep and wail, 
 A knight her met, in mighty arms emboss'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen, 
 
 4. [emboscare, Ital.] To inclose in a 
 tliicket. 
 
 Like that self-begotten bird 
 In th' Arabian woods emliost. MUton's Agonistes. 
 
 5. To hunt hard. 
 When a deer is hard run and foams at the 
 
 mouth, he is said to be embost : a dog also, when 
 he is strained with hard running, especially upon 
 hard ground, will have his knees swelled, and 
 then he is said to be embost, from bosse, French, a 
 tumour. ^ Hcmmer. 
 
 Oh, he is more mad 
 
 Than Telamou for his shield ; the boar of Thessaly 
 
 Was never so embost. Shakeap. 
 
 We have almost embost him : you shall see his 
 
 fall to-night. Shakesp. 
 
 Embo'ssment. n. s, [from einboss.] 
 
 1. Any thing standing out from the rest; 
 jut ; eminence. 
 
 I wish also, in the very middle, a fair mount, 
 with three ascents and alleys, enough for four to 
 walk a-breast ; which I would have to be perfect 
 circles, without any bulwarks or embossments. 
 
 Bacon s Essays. 
 
 2. Relief; rising work. 
 They are at a loss about the word pendentis ; 
 
 some ?ancy it expresses only the great embossment 
 of the figure, others believe it hung otF the helmet 
 ill alto relievo. Addison on Italy. 
 
 To Embo'ttle. r. a. [boufeille, Fr.] 
 To include in bottles ; to bottle. 
 
 Stirom, firmest fruit 
 Emhottkd, long as Priamean Troy 
 Withstood the Greeks, endures. Philips. 
 
 To Embo'wel. v. a. [from hoivei.] To 
 eviscerate ; to deprive of the entrails ; 
 to exenterate. 
 
 The schools, 
 EmlHiwellect of their doctrine, have left off 
 The danger to itself. Shakesp. 
 
 EmboivcWd will I see thee by and by ; 
 'Till then, in blood, by noble Percy lye. Shakesp. 
 
 The roar 
 Embotvell'd with outrageous noise the air. 
 And all lier entrails tore. .Milton s Par, Lost. 
 
 Fossils and minerals that th' embowelCd earth 
 Displays. Philips. 
 
 To EMBRA'CE. v. a. [embrasser, Fr.] 
 1. To hold fondly in the arms; to squeeze 
 in kindness. 
 
 Eiyibrace again, my sons ! be foes no more ; 
 Nor stain your country with her children's gore. 
 
 Dryde7i. 
 
 2- To seize ardently or eagerly ; to lay 
 hold on ; to welcome ; to accept wil- 
 lingly any thing offered. 
 
 I take it, your own business calls on you. 
 And you embrace th* occasion to depart. Shakesp. 
 
 At first, her mother earth she holdelh dear. 
 And dotii embrace the world, and worldly things. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 They who arc represented by the wise virgins, 
 embraced the profession of the Christian religion, 
 as the foolish virgins also had done. Tillotson. 
 
 3. To comprehend ; to take in : as, na- 
 tural philosophi/ embraces many sci- 
 ences. 
 
 4. To comprise ; to inclose ; to contain ; 
 to encompass ; to encircle. 
 
 Low at his feet a spacious plain is plac'd, 
 Between the mountani and the streani tmhrac\i. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 E M B 
 
 5. To admit ; to receive. 
 
 Fenton, Heav'n give thee joy ! 
 
 \^ hat cannot be eschew"d, must be cmbraced.Shah. 
 
 If a man can be assured of any thing, without 
 
 havnig examined, what is there" that he may not 
 
 embrace for truth ? Lirke, 
 
 G. To find ; to take. 
 
 Fleance, his son. 
 Whose absence is no less material to me 
 Than is his father's, must embrace the fate 
 Of that dark hour. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 7. To squeeze in a hostile manner. 
 To Embra'ce. v. n. To join in an em- 
 brace. 
 
 Let me embrace with old Vicentio ; 
 And wander we to see thy honest son. 
 Who will of thy arrival be full joyous. Shakesp 
 
 Embra'ce. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Clasp ; fond pressure in the arms ; hug. 
 
 Thames, the most lov'd of all the ocean's sons 
 By his old sire, to his embraces runs. Denham. 
 
 2. An hostile squeeze ; crush. 
 
 Embra'cement. n. s. [from embrace.] 
 
 1 . Clasp in the arms ; hug ; embrace. 
 
 Thus death becomes a rival to us all. 
 And hopes with foul embracemeyits her to get. 
 In whose decay virtue's fair shrine must fall. Sid. 
 
 There cherishing one another with dear, though 
 chaste embracements, with sweet, though cold kis- 
 ses, it might seem that Love was come to play 
 him there without darts. Sidney. 
 
 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 
 These beasts, fighting with any man, stand 
 
 upon their hinder feet, and so this did, being 
 ready to give me a shrewd embracement. Sidney. 
 
 3. Comprehension. 
 Nor can her wide embracements filled be.Daviet. 
 
 4. State of being contained ; inclosure. 
 The parts in man's body easily reparable, as 
 
 spirits, blood, and flesh, die in the 'embracements of 
 the parts hardly reparable, as bones, nerves, and 
 membranes. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 5. Conjugal endearment. 
 I would freclier rejoice in that absence, wherein 
 
 he won honour, than in the embracements of his 
 bed, where he would shew most iovc.Sbok. Coriol. 
 
 Embra'cer. n.s. [from embrace.] The 
 person embracing. 
 
 Yet arc they the greatest embracers of pleasure 
 of any other upon earth ; and they esteem uf pearls 
 as pebbles, so they may satisfy their gust, iii point 
 of pleasure or revenge. HoweL 
 
 Embra'sure. n. s. [embrasure, Fr.] 
 An aperture in the wall, through which 
 the cannon is pointed ; battlement. 
 
 To Embra've. v. a. [from brave.] To 
 decorate ; to embellish ; to deck ; to 
 grace ; to adorn. Not now in use. 
 
 So, both agree their bodies to engrave ; 
 The great earth's womb they open to the sky. 
 And, with sad cypress, seemly 'il emhrave.FdirvQ. 
 
 To EMBROCATE. K.fl. [ivf^.x*] To 
 rub any part diseased with medicinal 
 liquors. 
 
 I returned her a glass with oil of roses and vi- 
 negar, to embrocate her arm. Wiseman on Infiam. 
 Embroca'tion. n. s. [from embrocate.] 
 1. The act of rubbing any part diseased 
 
 with medicinal liquors or spirits. 
 '2. The lotion with which any diseased 
 part is washed or embrocated. 
 
 We endeavoured to case by diseutient and emol- 
 lient cataplasms, and embrocations of various sorts. 
 IVisemaits Surgery.. 
 
 To EMBROIDER, v. a. [brodcr, Fr.] 
 To border with ornaments ; to decorate 
 with figured work ; to. diversify with 
 needlework ; to adorn a ground with 
 raised figures of needlework. 
 
 612
 
 EMB 
 
 Such au accumulalioii of favours is like a kind 
 o( embroidiring, or lifting of one favour upon aTiu- 
 tlier. Wottim. 
 
 Embroider'd so with flowers it had stood, 
 That it became a garden of a wood. WiiUcr. 
 
 Let no virgin be allowed to receive her lover, 
 but in a suit of iier own embrnidering.Spect.1^o.606. 
 
 Embroider'd purple clothes the golden beds ; 
 This slave the floor, and that the table spreads. 
 
 Poiie. 
 
 Embro'iderer. n. s. [from embroider.] 
 One that adorns clothes with needle- 
 work. 
 
 Blue silk and purple, the work otlheembroiderer. 
 
 Ecctes. 
 
 Embro idery. n. s. [from embroider.] 
 J . Figures raised upon a ground ; varie- 
 gated needlework. 
 
 Write, 
 In em'rald tutfs, flow'rs purflcd, blue and white. 
 Like saphire, pearl, in rich embroidery. 
 Buckled below fair knighthood's bending knee. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Laces and embroideries are more costly than 
 
 either warm or comely. Bacon's Advice to Villiers, 
 
 Next these a youthful train their vowsexpress'd. 
 
 With feathers crown'd,with gay embroidery dress'd. 
 
 Pojte. 
 
 2. Variegation ; diversity of colours. 
 
 If the natural emhrciderif of the meadows were 
 lielpt and improved by art, a man might make a 
 pretty landskip of his own possessions. 
 
 Spectator, No. 411. 
 
 To Embro'il. v. a. [brouiller, Fr.] 
 
 1. To disturb ; to confuse ; to distract ; 
 to throw into commotion ; to involve in 
 troubles by dissension and discord. 
 
 I had no passion, design, or preparation to em- 
 broil my kingdom in a civil war. King Charles. 
 
 Rumour next, and chance. 
 And tumult and confusioti, all embroiCd, 
 And discord with a thousand various mouths. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 When she found her venom spread so far. 
 The ro3'al house embroiVd in civil war, 
 Rais'd on her dusky wings she cleaves the skies. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 2. To perplex ; to entangle. 
 
 The Christian antiquities at Rome, though of a 
 fresher date, are so embroiled with fable and legend, 
 that one receives but little satisfaction. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. In the following passage the word 
 seems improperly used for broil or burn. 
 
 That knowledge, for which we boldly attem|)t 
 to ritle God's cabinet, should, like the coal from 
 the altar, serve only to embroil and consume the 
 sacrilegious invaders. Decay t^' Piety. 
 
 To Embko'thel. t' a. [brolhcl, brodel.] 
 To inclose in a brothel. 
 
 Men, which chuse 
 Law practise for mere gain, boldly repute, 
 \\orse than embrotheCd strumpets prostitute. Dt^n. 
 
 E'mBRYO. ) r- (» T 
 
 EmBRYON. j L r 5 J 
 
 1. The offspring yet unfinished in the 
 womb. 
 
 The bringini: forth of living creatures may be 
 accelerated, if the embryo ripeueth and perfecteth 
 sooner. Bactm. 
 
 An exclusion before conformation, before the 
 birth can bear the name of the parent, or be so 
 much as pro|jerly called an embryon. 
 
 Brown s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 The earth was form'd, but in the womb as yet 
 Of waters, embryon immature involv'd 
 Appear'd not. Milton s Paradise LajsI. 
 
 In that dark wnmb are the signs and rudiments 
 of an embryo world. Burnet's Tlieory. 
 
 When the crude embryo careful nature breeds. 
 See how she works, and how her work proceeds. 
 
 Blachmorf. 
 
 EME 
 
 While the promii'd fruit _ 
 Lies yet a little tmbryo, unperceiv'd 
 Witlnn its crimson folds. Tliomton's Spring. 
 
 2. The state of any thing yet not fit for 
 production ; yet unfinished. 
 
 The company little suspected what a noble 
 work I had then in embryo. Smf't. 
 
 Eme. n. s. [eame, Sax.] Uncle. Now 
 obsolete. 
 
 Whilst they were young, Cassibelan their eme, 
 Was by the people chosen in their stead ; 
 
 Who on him took the royal diadem. 
 And goodly well it long time governed. Spenser. 
 
 Eme'ndable. adj. [emendo, Lat.] Ca- 
 pable of emendation ; corrigible. 
 Emenda'tion. n. s. [emendo, Lat.] 
 
 1. Correction; alteration of any thing 
 from worse to better. 
 
 The essence and rclalioTi of any thing in being, 
 Is fitted, beyond any emendation, for its action and 
 use ; and shews it to proceed from a mind of the 
 highest understanding. Grew. 
 
 2. An alteration made in the text by ver- 
 bal criticism. 
 
 Emenda'tor. n. s. [emendo, Lat.] A 
 corrector ; an improver ; an alterer for 
 the better. 
 
 E'merald. n. s. [emeraude, Fr. smarag' 
 dus, Lat.] A green precious stone. 
 
 The emerald is evidently the same with the an- 
 cient smaragdus ; and, in its most perfect state, is 
 perhaps Ihe most beautiful of all the gems. The 
 rough emerald is usuafly of a very bright and na- 
 turally polished surface, and is ever of a pure and 
 beautiful green, without the admixture of any 
 other colour. 'The oriental emerald is of the hard- 
 ness of the saphire and ruby, and is second only 
 to tlic diainond in lustre and brightness. 
 
 Hill on Fossils. 
 
 Do you not see the grass how in colour they 
 excel the eme)-aW? _ Siilney. 
 
 The emerald is a bright grass green : it is found 
 in fissures of rocks, along with copper ores. 
 
 Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 Nor deeper verdure dies the rdbe of Spring, 
 When first she gives it to the southern pie. 
 Than the green emerald shows. Thomson s Summer. 
 
 To EME'RGR. v. n. [emergo, Lat.] 
 ] . To rise out of any thing in which it is 
 covered. 
 
 They emerged, to the upper part of the spirit of 
 wine, as much of them as lay immersed in the 
 
 spirit. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 ■The mountains emerged, and became drv land 
 again, when the waters retired. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Thetis, not unmindful of her son. 
 Emerging from the deep, to beg her boon, 
 Pnrsu'd their track. Dryden's Homer. 
 
 2. To issue ; to proceed. 
 
 If the prism was turned about its axis that way, 
 which made the rays emerge more obliquely out 
 of the second refracting surface of the prism, the 
 image soon became an inch or two longer, or 
 more. .. Newton's Optich. 
 
 3. To rise ; to moimt from a state of de- 
 pression or obscurity ; to rise into view. 
 
 Darkness, we see, emerges into light ; 
 And shining suns descend to sable night.^ 
 
 Dryden's Fables. 
 
 When, from dewy shade emerging bright, 
 Aurora streaks the sky with orient light. 
 Let each deplore his dead. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Then from ancient gloom emerg'd 
 A rising world. Tliomson's Summer. 
 
 Eme RGENCE. 1 „_ ^ rft.^„, emei-se.] 
 Emergency. ) '- 
 
 1 . The act of rising out of any fluid by 
 which it is covered. 
 
 We have read of a tyrant, who tried to prevent 
 the emergence of murdered bodies. 
 
 Brown's Vulgar Erroui's.. 
 
 EME 
 
 2. The act of rising or starting into view. 
 
 The emergency of colours, upon coalition of the 
 particles of"such bodies, as were neither of them 
 of the colour of that miiture whereof they are in- 
 gredients, is very well worth our attentive obser- 
 vation. BoyU <m Colours. 
 
 The white colour of all refracted light, at its 
 very first emergence, where it appears as while as 
 before its incidence, is compounded of various 
 colours. teuton's Opticks. 
 
 3. Any sudden occasion ; unexpected ca- 
 sualty. 
 
 Most of our rarities have been found oat by 
 casual emergency, and have been the works of 
 time and chance rather than of philosophy. 
 
 GlanvilU's Scepsis. 
 
 4. Pressing necessity ; exigence. A sense 
 not proper. 
 
 In an^' case of emergencv, he would employ the 
 
 whole wealth of his empire, which he naa thus 
 
 amassed together in his subterraneous exchequer. 
 
 Addison's Freehouic*. 
 
 Eme'rgent. adj. [from emerge.] 
 
 1. Rising out of that which overwhelms 
 or obscures it. 
 
 Love made my emergent fortune once more look 
 Above the main, which now shall hit the stars. 
 
 Ben Jtmsan. 
 
 Immediately the mountains huge appear 
 Emergent, an(l their broad bare backs upheave 
 Into flic clouds. Milton. 
 
 2. Rising into view, or notice, or honour. 
 
 The man that is once hated, both his good and 
 his evil deeds oppress him ; he is not easdy emer- 
 gent. BenJonson. 
 
 3. Proceeding or issuing from any thing. 
 The stoics held a fatality, and a fixed unaltera- 
 ble course of events ; but then they held also, 
 that they fell out by a necessity emergent from 
 and inherent in the things themselves, which God 
 himself could not alter. South, 
 
 4. Sudden ; imexpectedly casual. 
 
 All the lords declared, that, upon any emergent 
 occasion, they wimld mount their servants upon 
 their horses. Clarendon. 
 
 E'merods. In.s. [coiTupted by igno- 
 E'meroids. 5 rant pronunciation from 
 hemorrhoids, ai^offoi^E?-] Painful swel- 
 lings of the hemorrhoidal veins ; piles. 
 He destroyed them, and smote them with eme- 
 rods. ' 1 Sam. 
 
 Eme'rsion. n.s. [from emerge.] The 
 time when a star, having been obscured 
 by its loo near approach to the sun, ap- 
 pears again. 
 
 The time was in the heliacal emersion, when it 
 becomes at greatest ilistance from the sun 
 
 Browns Vulgar Emvirt, 
 
 E'mery. n. s. [smyris, Lat. t.wicril, Fr.] 
 
 Emery is an iron ore, considerablv rich. It is 
 found ill Ihe island of Guernsey, in Tuscany, and 
 ly parts of Germany. It has a near relation 
 
 to the magnet. The lapidaries cut the ordinary 
 gems on tneir wheels by sprinkling the wetted 
 powder over them ; but it "ill not cut diamonds. 
 It is useful in cleaning and polishing steel. 
 
 Hdl'iMat. Medico. 
 
 EMETICAL. Ifl^//. [ii^".] Having the 
 EMEFICK. I quality of provoking 
 vomits. 
 
 Various are the temperaments and operations 
 of herbs ; some purgative, some emetick, and some 
 sudorilick. Hale. 
 
 Eme'ticali.y. adv. [from emetical.] 
 In such a manner as to provoke to vo- 
 mit. 
 
 It has been complained of, that preparations of 
 silver have produced violent vomits ; whereas we 
 have not observed duly refined silver to work eme- 
 ticaltu, even in women and girls. Binila. 
 
 CIS
 
 E M I 
 
 EmIca'tion. n. s. [emic/itio, Lat.} 
 Sparklinjj ; flying off in small paiticles, 
 as spiiglnly liquors. 
 
 Iron, iii aciua fortis, will fall into ebullition, 
 with noise and emication, as also a crass and fumid 
 exhal ation. Brown. 
 
 Emic'tion. «. s. [from emiclum, Lat.] 
 Urine ; what is voided by the urinary 
 passages. 
 
 Gravel and stone grind away the flesh, and 
 effuse the blood apparent in a sanguine emict'wn. 
 Harvey on Consnmptions. 
 
 ToE'MIGRATE. i.^. [emigre, Lat.] 
 To remove from one place to another. 
 
 Emigra'tion. n. s. [from emigrate.] 
 Change of habitation ; removal from 
 one place to another. 
 
 ^A e find tlie originals of many kingdoms either 
 by victories, or by emigrations, or intestine com- 
 motions. ^„fe. 
 
 E'minence. ) r . . T , 
 
 Eminency. / "• *• l'"»'»»'tia, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Loftiness ; height. 
 
 2. Summit ; highest part. 
 Mountains abound with different vegetables, 
 
 erery vertex or eminency afTording new kinds. 
 
 Ray on the Creation, 
 
 3. A part rising above the rest. 
 They must be smooth, almost imperceptible to 
 
 the touch, and without either fmintncf or cavities. 
 Vrydens Dufresnoy. 
 
 4. A place where one is exposed to gene- 
 ral notice. 
 
 A satyr or libel on one of the common stamp, 
 never meets with that reception as what is aimed 
 at a person whose merit places him upon an emi- 
 nence, and gives him a more conspicuous figure. 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 5. Exaltation ; conspicuousness ; state of 
 being exposed to view ; reputation ; ce- 
 lebrity ; fame ; preferment ; greatness. 
 
 You've too a woman's heart, which ever yet 
 Affected eminence, wealth, sovereigntv. 
 
 Shakes]). Henry VIII. 
 
 Alterations are attributed to the powerfullest 
 under princes, where the eminency oi one obscurcth 
 the rest. Wottoii. 
 
 He deserv'd no such return 
 From me, whom he created what I was. 
 In that bright eminence ; and with his good 
 Upbraided none. Milton's Par. Lost 
 
 Where men cannot arrive to any eminenci/ of 
 estate, yet religion makes a compensatidii; by 
 teaching content. Tillotson. 
 
 These two were men of eminency, nf learning as 
 well as piety. Slilling/eet. 
 
 6. Supreme degree. 
 
 Whatever pure thou in the body enjoy'st. 
 And pure thou wert created, we enjoy 
 In eminence. _ Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 7. Notice ; distinction. 
 I^t your remembrance still apply to Banquo ; 
 
 Present him eminence both with eye and tonoue, 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 8. A title given to cardinals. 
 
 E'MINENT. af/j. [eminens, Lat.] 
 
 1. High ; lofty. 
 
 Thou hast built unto thee an etnineyit place. Ese. 
 Satan, in gesture proudly eminent. 
 Stood like a tow'r. " Milton. 
 
 2. Diffiiified ; exalted. 
 Rome for your sake shall push her conquests on, 
 
 And bring new titles home from nations won, 
 To dignify so eminent a son. Drud. Juv. 
 
 3. Conspicuous ; remarkable. 
 She is eminent for a sincere piety in the practice 
 
 of religion. Addison's freeltolder. 
 
 'Eminent he mov'd 
 In Grecian arms, the wonder of his foes. Glover. 
 E'minently. adv. [from eminc?i(.] 
 
 E M M 
 
 1. Conspicuously; in a manner that at- 
 tracts observation. 
 
 Thy love, which else 
 So eminently never h.id been known. Mi7(im. 
 
 Lady, that in the prime of earliest youth, 
 Wisely has shun'd the broad way and the green. 
 And with those few art eminentttj seen, 
 
 That labour up tlie hill of heavenly truth. Milt. 
 
 Such as thou liast solemnly elected, 
 W'ith gifts and graces eminently adorned, 
 To some great work. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 2. In a high degree. 
 All men are equal in their judgment of what is 
 
 eminently best. " Dryden. 
 
 That simplicity, without which no human per- 
 formance can arrive to perfection, is no where 
 more eminently useful than in this. Swift. 
 
 Emissary, n. s. [emissarius, Lat.] 
 I. One sent out on private messages; a 
 spy ; a secret agent. 
 
 Clifford, an emissary and spy of the king's, fled 
 over into Flanders with his privity. 
 
 Bacon's Henry VII. 
 You shall neither eat nor sleep. 
 No, nor forth your window peep, 
 \\ ith your emis.'iarij eye. 
 
 To fetch in the forms go by. Ben. Jonson's Underw. 
 The Jesuits send over emissaries, with instruc- 
 tions to personate themselves members of the se- 
 veral sects among us. Swift. 
 
 2. One that emits or sends out. A tech- 
 nical sense. 
 
 W herever there arc emissaries, there are absor- 
 bent vessels in the skin ; and, by the absorbent 
 vessels, mercury will pass into the blood. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Emi'ssion. n. s. [emissio, Liit.] The 
 act of sending out ; vent. 
 
 Tickling causplh laughter: the cause maybe 
 the emission of the spirits, and so of the brealh by 
 a flii^ht from titillation. Bacon. 
 
 Populosity naturally requircth transmigration 
 and cmissiViirof Cdl.'nics. Bnnm's ]'nlg. Krrours. 
 
 Cover them with glasses; but upon all warm 
 and benign emissiojis of the sun, and sweet showers, 
 give them air. ' Evehn. 
 
 Affection, in thestateof innocence, was happily 
 pitched upon its right object ; it flamed up in di- 
 rect fervou-'s of devotion to God, and in collateral 
 emissions of charity to its neighbour. South. 
 
 ToFMVT.v.a. [cmH to, Lat.] 
 
 1. To send forth ; to let go ; to give vent 
 to. 
 
 These baths continually emit a manifest and very 
 sensible heat ; nay, sora'e of them, at some times, 
 send fortli an actual and visible flame. 
 
 Wflodward's Natural Histortf. 
 Tlie soil, being fruitful and rich, emits steams, 
 consisting of volatile and active parts. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 2. To let fly ; to dart. 
 
 Pay sacred rev'rence to Apollo's song, 
 I-iCSt, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit 
 His iatal arrows. Frior. 
 
 3. To issue out juridically. 
 
 That a citation be valid, it ought to be decreed 
 and emitted by the judges authol-ity, and at the 
 instance of tlie party. Avliffe. 
 
 Emme'nagogues. n. s. ['f^fiimcc and 
 ciyu.] Medicines that promote the 
 courses, eilher by giving a greater force 
 to the blood in its circulation, or by 
 making it thinner Qiiiiici/. 
 
 I'minenogo^iics are such as produce a pletliora, 
 or fulness of the vessels, consequently such as 
 strengthen the organs of digestion, so as to make 
 good blood. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 I'Vmmet. 
 
 E M 
 
 To Emme'w. v. a. 
 mew or coop up. 
 
 [from mew.] To 
 
 71 
 
 . s. [a.'merce. Sax.] An ant ; 
 
 a pismu'e. 
 
 When cedars to the ground fall down by tlic 
 
 weight of an emmet. 
 
 Or when a rich ruby's just price be the worth of 
 
 a walnut. Sidney. 
 
 This outward sainted deputy, 
 Whose settl'd visage and delib'rale word, 
 Alps youth i' th' head, and follies doth tmmew. 
 As faulcoii doth the fowl, is yet a devil. Shaktsp. 
 
 To Emmo've. v. a. [emmouvoir, Fr.] 
 To excite ; to rouse ; to put into emotion. 
 Not used. 
 
 One day, when him liigh courage did emmmie. 
 He pricked forth. fairy Queen. 
 
 Emollient, adj. [emolUens, Lat.] 
 Softening ; suppling. 
 
 Barley is emollient, moistening, and expectora- 
 *'"S-. . Arbuthnot. 
 
 Diureticks are decoctions, emulsions, and oils 
 o( emollient vegetables, so far as they relax the 
 urinary passages : such as rehjx ought to be tried 
 before such as stimulate. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Emollients, n. s. Such things as 
 sheath and soften the asperities of the 
 humours, and relax and sujjple the so- 
 lids at the same time. Quincy. 
 
 Emollients ought to be taken in open air, to 
 hinder tlieiu from perspiring, and on empty sto- 
 machs. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Emolli'tion. n.s. [emollitio, Lat.] The 
 act of softening. 
 
 Lassitude is remedied by bathing, or anoint- 
 ing with oil and warm w'ater ; the cause is, for 
 that all lassitude is a kind of contusion and com- 
 pression of the jiatts, and bathing and anointing 
 give a relaxation or emoUition. Bacon. 
 
 Powerful menstruums are made for its emol- 
 lit'ion, whereby it may receive the tincture of mi- 
 nerals. Brown. 
 
 Emo'htment. n.s. [emolumentum, Lat.] 
 Profit ; advantage. 
 
 Let them consult how politick they were, for a 
 temporal emolument to throw away eternity. SoutA. 
 
 Ni thing gives greater satisfaction than the 
 sense of having dispatched a great deal of busi- 
 aess to public emolument. Tatter. 
 
 Emo'ngst. prep 
 ser.] Among. 
 
 The merry birds of every sort, 
 Chaunted aloud their chearfui harmony ; 
 And made emongst themselves a sweet consort, 
 'I'liat quick'ned the dull sp'rit with musical com- 
 fort. Fairy Queen 
 
 Emotion. ?>.s. [etnotion, Fr.] Dis- 
 turbance of mind ; vehemence of pas- 
 sion, or pleasing or painful. 
 
 I will a^ipeal to any man, who has read this 
 poet, w hether he finds not the natural emotion of 
 the same passion in himself, which the poet de- 
 scribes in his feigned persons ? Dryden. 
 
 'J'hosc rocks and oaks that such emoLimi felt. 
 Were rural maids whom Orpheus taught to melt. 
 
 Granv'Ule. 
 
 To Empa'le. v. a. [empaler, Fr.] 
 
 1. To fence with a pale. 
 How happy 's he, wliich hath due place assign'd 
 
 T' ills beasts, and disaforested iiis mind? 
 Empal'd himself to keep them out, not ill ; 
 Can sow, and dares trust corn wliere they have 
 been. "Donne. 
 
 2. To fortify. 
 All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to 
 
 save themselves from surprize. liuleigh's'Essayt. 
 
 The Eiiglisheni;)a/e^ themselves with their pikes, 
 
 and Ilieicwitli bare olV their enemies. Hayward. 
 
 3. 'I'o inclose ; to shut in. 
 Rniind about lier work she difl empale 
 
 V\ illi a fair border wrought of sundry flow'rs. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Keep yourselves in breath. 
 And when I have the bloody Hector found. 
 Empale him with your weapons round about. 
 
 Shahesjj. 
 
 [so written by Spen-
 
 5M P 
 
 Tltey have empal'd within a zodiack 
 The free- burn sun, and keep twelve signs awake 
 To watch iiis steps ; tlie Goat and Crab controul 
 And fright him back. Donne. 
 
 Thank my charms, 
 I now empale her in my arras. Clear^land. 
 
 Impenetrable, empal'd with circling fire. 
 Yet unconsuMi'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 4. To put to death by spitting on a stake 
 fi.xed upright. 
 
 Wlitt can bear tiiis, resolve to be empal'd? 
 His skin flead "If, and roasted yet alive -Southerne. 
 
 Let them each be broken on the rack ; 
 Then, with what life reniaiiis, empal'd and left 
 To writhe at leisure round the bloody stnke. Addis. 
 
 Nay, I don't believe they will be contented 
 with Flanging ; they talk u! empaling, or breaking 
 on the wheel. Arbulhnot. 
 
 EMPA'NNEL. n. s. [from panne, Fr.] 
 The writing or entering the names of 
 a jury into a parchment schedule, or 
 roll of paper, by the sheriff, which lie 
 has summoned to appear for the per- 
 formance of such publick service as ju- 
 ries are employed in. Cowel. 
 
 Who can expect upright verdicts from such 
 packed, corrupt juries ? "Why may we nr)t be 
 allowed to make exceptions against this so incom- 
 petent emjwnnel ? Decai/ of Pictp. 
 
 To Empa'nnel. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To suinmon to serve on a juiy. A law 
 term. 
 
 I shall not need to empannel a jury of moralists 
 or divines, every man's own breast sufficiently 
 instructing hint. Govei^ment of the Tongue. 
 
 Em pa'r LANCE, n. s. [from parler, Ft.] 
 It signifieth, in common law, a desire 
 or petition in court of a day to pause 
 ■what is best to do : and it is sometimes 
 used for the conference of a jiu-y in the 
 cause committed to them. Cowel. 
 
 Empa'sm. n. s. [iiiiza.aau.'] A powder 
 to correct the bad scent of the body. 
 
 To Empa'ssion. v. a. [horn, passion.'] 
 To move with passion ; to affect strong- 
 ly ; to throw off from equanimity. 
 
 Unto my eyes strange shows presented were. 
 Picturing that which I in mind embrac'd. 
 That yet those sights empas-^ion me full near.Spcn. 
 
 So, standing, moving or to height upgrown. 
 The tempter, all empassiond, thus began. M'dton. 
 
 To Empe'ople. v. a. [from people.] 
 To form into a people or community. 
 
 He wonder'd nuich, and 'gan enquire 
 What stalely building durst so high extend 
 Her lofty towers unto the starry sphere, 
 And what unknown nation there empeopled were ? 
 
 Spenser. 
 E'mperess. «. «. [from emperour, now 
 written empress.] 
 
 1. A woman invested with imperial power. 
 
 Long, long, may you on earth our emperess reign. 
 Ere you in heave'u a glorious angel stand. Davies. 
 
 2. The queen of an emperour. 
 
 Lavinia will 1 make ray emperess, 
 Rome's royal mistress, mistress of my heart. S/iafc. 
 
 E'MPEROUR. n. s. [empereiir, Fr. im- 
 perator, Lat.] A monarch of title and 
 dignity superior to a king : as the em- 
 perour of Germany. 
 
 Charles the emperour, 
 Under pretence to see ttie queen his aunt. 
 Makes visitation. Shahesp. Hen. VIIL 
 
 E'mpery. n. «. [empire, Fr. imperium, 
 Lat ] Empire ; sovereignty ; dominion. 
 A word out of use. 
 
 A lady 
 So fair, and fasten'd to an emperij, 
 Would make the great'st king double. Sbakesp. 
 
 EMP 
 
 Take on you the charge 
 And kingly government of tins your land ; 
 Not as protector, stew-ard, substitute. 
 But as successively from bloud to bh>ud. 
 Your right of birth, your cm/jery your own. Shah. 
 
 E'MPHA.SIS. n. s. [tij.<p*a\<;] A remark- 
 able stress laid upon a word or sentence; 
 particular force impressed by style or 
 pronunciation. 
 
 Oh, that brave Cfesar ! 
 — Be chuaked with such another emphasis. Shak. 
 
 Empbiuis not so much regards the time as a 
 certain grandeur, whereby some letter, syllable, 
 word, or sentence is rendered more remarkabU: 
 than the rest, by a more vigorous pronunciation, 
 and a longer slay upon it. Holder. 
 
 These (juestions have force and emphasis, if they 
 be understood of the antediluvian earth. 
 
 Burnet's Th. 
 
 EmPHA'TICAL. 7 J- T' ..' 1 
 
 Emphatick. J •/ Lf^ J 
 
 1. Forcible ; strong ; striking. 
 
 W here he endeavours to dissuade from carni- 
 vorous appetites, how emphatical is his reasoning ! 
 
 Curt^. 
 
 In proper anfl emjthatich terras thou didst paint 
 the bja^iiig comet's fiery tail. Arbuth. John Bull. 
 
 2. Striking the sight. 
 
 It is commonly granted, that emphatical colours 
 are light itself, modified hy refractions. 
 
 Boyle on Col. 
 
 Empha'tically. adv. [from emphati- 
 cal.] 
 
 1 . Strongly ; forcibly ; in a striking man- 
 ner. 
 
 How emphatically and divinely does every word 
 proclaim the truth "that I have Seen speaking of! 
 
 South. 
 
 2. According to appearance. 
 
 What is delivered of the incurvity of dolphins, 
 must be taken emphaticallij, not really, but in ap- 
 pearance, when they leap above water, and sud- 
 denly shoot down again. Brown. 
 EmPHYSE'MA. n. S. [iix.^v<riij.a.] 
 
 Emphysema is a light puffy humour, easily yield- 
 ing to the pressure of the finger, arising again in 
 the instant you take it off. Wiseman. 
 
 Emphyse'matous. adj. [frova lii^vtripM] 
 Bloated ; puffed up ; swollen. 
 
 The signs c,f a gangrene are these ; the inflam- 
 mation loses its redness, and becomes duskish and 
 livid ; the tenseness of the skin goes off, and feels 
 to the touch flabby or emphysematous ; and vesi- 
 cations, filled with ichor of different colours, 
 spread all over it. Sharp's Surgeru. 
 
 To Empie'rce. V a. [from pieixe.] To 
 pierce into ; to enter into by violent 
 appulse. 
 
 The weapon bright. 
 Taking advantage of his open jaw. 
 
 Ran through his mouth with so importuiie 
 might. 
 That deejj empierc'd his darksome hollow maw. 
 
 'Spenser. 
 
 Empi'ght. preterit and part, from To 
 pight, or pitch. [See Pitch.] Set ; 
 fixt ; fastened. 
 
 But he was wary, and ere it empigbt 
 In the meant mark, advanc'd his shield atween. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 EMPIRE, n.s. [empire, Tr. impcriu/n, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. imperial power ; supreme dominion ; 
 sovereign command. 
 
 .■issrrt, ve fair ones, who in judgment sit, 
 Y'our ancient empire over love and wit. Bone. 
 
 2. 'J'he region o\'er which dominion is 
 
 extended. 
 
 .\ nation extended over vast tracts of land, and 
 numbers of peiiple, arrives in time at the ancient 
 name of kingdom or modern of empire. T<.mpU. 
 
 EMP 
 
 acxtus Pompeius 
 Hath given the dare to Cssar, and coramands 
 'I'he empire of Uie sea. Shakesp AiiL and Clap. 
 
 .3. Command over any thing. 
 EMPIRIC. n.«. [!>7r£.5.y.a>-. This word 
 seems to have been pronounced empi- 
 rick by .Milton and empirick by Dri/- 
 den. IMilton's pronunciation is to be 
 preferred.] A trier ; an experimenter ; 
 such persons as have no true education 
 in, or knowledge of physical practice, 
 but venture upon hearsay and observa- 
 tion only. Quinct/. 
 
 The name of Hippocrates was more ctfcctuai 
 to persuade stich men as Galen, than to move a 
 silly empirick. Hooker. 
 
 'I'hat every plant might receive a name, accord- 
 ing unto the diseases it cureth, was the wish of 
 Paracellus ; a way luore likely to multiply empi. 
 ricks than herbalists. Brotcn. 
 
 Such an aversion and contempt fur all manner 
 of innovalors, as physicians are apt to have for 
 emniricks, or lawyers for pettifoggers. Sw^. 
 
 I'h' illit'rate writer, cmp'ricfe-TiKe applies 
 To each disease unsafe chance remedies ; 
 The learii'd in school, whence science first began. 
 Studies with care th' anatomy Qf raan. Dryd^n. 
 
 Empi'rical. 7 J- r<- ~ .u 1 
 
 „ , > aau rirom the noun.1 
 
 Empirick. ) •' ^ ^ 
 
 \. Versed in experiments. 
 By fire 
 Of sooty coal, the empirick alchyraist 
 Can turn, or holds it possible to turn, 
 Metals of drossiest ore to perfect gold. Milton. 
 2. Known only by experience ; practised 
 only by rote, without rational grounds. 
 The most sovereign prescription in Galen ii 
 but empirick to this preservative. Shakesp. 
 
 In extremes, bold counsels are the best ; 
 Like empirick remedies, they last are try'd. 
 And by th' event condemn d or justify d. Dryd. 
 Empi'rically. adv. [from empirical.] 
 
 1. Experimental!}' ; according to experi- 
 ence. 
 
 We sliall empirically and sensibly deduct the 
 causes of blackness from originals, "by which wc 
 generally observe things denigrated. 
 
 Brou:ns ^ulg. Err. 
 
 2. Without rational ground ; charlatani- 
 cally ; in the manner of quacks. 
 
 E.MPIRICISM. n. s. [from empirick.] 
 Dependence on experience without 
 knowledge or art ; quackerj'. 
 
 EMPL \s1eR. n. s. [r^cffXar^o.. This 
 word is now alwaj's pronounced, and 
 generally written plaster.] An appli- 
 cation to a sore of an oleaginous or vis- 
 cous substance, spread upon cloth. See 
 Plaster. 
 
 All emplaslers, applied to the breasts, ought to 
 have a hole for the nipples. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Tcj Empla'ster. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To cover with a plaster. 
 
 They must be cut out to the qiiick, and the 
 sores emplasleicd with tar. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Empla'stick. adj. [JfiTXarw©-] Viscous; 
 glutinous; fit to be applied as a plaster. 
 
 Resin, by its cmplastick quality, inixed with cil 
 of roses perfects the concoction. Hisejnan's.!>uig. 
 
 Emplaslick applications are not sufficient to de- 
 fend a « uuiid from the air. Arbulhnot on Air. 
 
 To F.mple'ad. I', a. [from plead.] To 
 indict ; to prefer a charge against ; to 
 accuse. 
 
 To terrify and torture them, their tyrannous 
 masters did often emptead, arrest, cast them iuto 
 prison, and thereby consume them to worse than 
 nothing. Hamard 
 
 615
 
 E AI P 
 
 Antiquity thouqlit tliunder the iinnietliate voice 
 of Jupiter, aud emptttidetl them of impiety that re- 
 ferred it tu natural casualties. GUuwiUt's Scepsis. 
 
 Since none the living villains dare emnlead. 
 Arraign them in the persons of the dead. Drydcn. 
 To EMPLO'Y. V. a. [emploier, Fr.] 
 
 1. To busy; to keep at work ; to exercise. 
 It is used both as agent ; as, t/te king 
 employed t/ic minister; or cause, as, 
 the publick credit em^XoyeCilhe minister . 
 
 For thrice, at least, in compass of the j'ear, 
 Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer 
 To turn the glebe. Drijdens V'trgit. 
 
 2. In the following quotations it is used 
 with in, about, to, and upon, before the 
 object. To seems less proper. 
 
 Their principal learning was applied to the 
 course of the stars, and the rest was einploited in 
 displaying the brave exploits of their princes. Tern;). 
 
 Our reason is oflen puzzled, because of the im- 
 perfection of tlie ideas it is emploxied ahiMit. Locke. 
 
 The proper business of the understanding is not 
 tliat which men alwa^'s employ it to. Locke. 
 
 Labour in the beginning gave a right of pro- 
 perty, wherever any one was pleased to employ it 
 upoti wliat w'as common. Locke. 
 
 On the happy change, the boy 
 Employed his wonder and his joy. Prior, 
 
 T his is a day in which the thouglits of our coun- 
 trymen ought 'to be employed on serious subjects. 
 Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 3. To use as an instrument. 
 
 Tile cleanly cheese-press she could never turn ; 
 Her awkward fist did ne'er employ tlie churn. Gay. 
 
 4. To use as means. 
 
 The money was employed to the making of gal- 
 lies, i Mac. 
 Peace is not freed from labour, but from noise ; 
 And war more force, but not more pains emiloys. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 5. To use as materials. 
 
 The labour of those who felled and framed the 
 timber employed about the plough, must be charged 
 on labour. _ _ Locke. 
 
 6. To commission ; to intrust with the 
 management of any affitirs. 
 
 Jonathan and Jahaziah were employed about this 
 matter. Ezra, x, 15. 
 
 Jesus Christ is furnished with superior powers 
 to the angels, because he is employed in superiour 
 wrrks, and appointed to be the sovereign Lord 
 of all the visible and invisible worlds. Watts. 
 
 7. To fill lip with business. 
 
 If you're idle you're destroy 'd ; 
 All his force on you he tries. 
 
 Be but watchful and employ'd. 
 Soon the baffled tempter files. MoKeiix's Don Quii. 
 
 To study nature will thy time employ ; 
 Knowledge and innocence are jierfect joy. Dryd. 
 
 8. To pass or spend in business. 
 
 Why, whilst we struggle in this vale beneath. 
 With want and sorrow, with disease and death. 
 Do they more bless'd perpetual life employ 
 In songs of pleasure, and in scenes of joy .' Prior. 
 Emplo'y n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. Business; object of industry. 
 
 Present to grasp, and future still to find. 
 The w hole etnploy of body and of mind. Pope. 
 Publick office. 
 
 Lest animosities should obstruct the course of 
 justice, if one of their own number had the dis- 
 tribution of it, they have always a foreigner for 
 this employ. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The honours and the burdens of great posts 
 and employs were joined together. Atterbwy. 
 
 Emplo'y ABLE." adj. [from emploj/.] 
 Capable to be used ; proper for use. 
 
 The objections made against the doctrine of 
 the chymists, seem employable against this hypo- 
 thesis. Boyle. 
 
 Emplo'yer. n. s. [from employ.'] One 
 that uses or causes to be used. 
 
 That man drives a great trade, and is owner or 
 employer of much shipping, and continues and in- 
 creases iu trade and shipping. Child on Trade. 
 
 E M P 
 
 Emplo'yment. n. s. [from employ."] 
 
 1. Business; object of industry; object 
 of labour. 
 
 2. Business ; the state of being employed. 
 
 3. Office ; post of business. 
 
 If any station, any employment upon earth be 
 honourable, theirs was. Atterbury. 
 
 Leaders on each side, instead of intending the 
 publick weal, have their hearts wholly set to get 
 or to keep emploifnients. Swift. 
 
 4. Business intrusted. 
 
 Call not your stocks for me ; I serve the King, 
 On whose employment 1 was sent to yon.Sh.K.Le. 
 
 To Empo'ison. v. a. [empoisonner, Fr.] 
 
 1. To destroy by poison; to destroy by 
 venomous food or drugs ; to poison. 
 
 Leaving no means unattempted of destroying 
 his son, that wicked servant of his undertook to 
 empoison him. Sidney. 
 
 Mushrooms cause the incubus, or mare in the 
 stomach, therefore the surfeit of them may suf- 
 focate and empoiion. Bacon. 
 
 2. To taint with poison ; to envenom. 
 This is the more usual sense. 
 
 Empoi'soner. n, s. [empoisonneur, Fr.] 
 One who destroys another by poison. 
 
 He is vehemently suspected to have been the 
 poisoner of his wife, thereby to make vacant his 
 bed. Bacons Hen. VII. 
 
 Empoi'sonment. n.s. \cmpoisonnement, 
 Fr.] The practice of destroying by poison. 
 
 It were dangerous for secret empoisonments.Bac. 
 EmPORE'tICK. adj. [Iftn-Ofwxo;.] That 
 
 which is used at markets, or in mer- 
 chandize. 
 Empo'rium. n. s. [J^iwojio*.] A place 
 of merchandise ; a mart ; a town of 
 trade ; a commercial city. 
 
 And while this fam'd emporium we prepare. 
 The British ocean shall such triumphs boast. 
 
 That those who now disdain our trade to share. 
 Shall rob like pirates on our wealthy coast. Dryd. 
 
 I take the prosperous estate of this great empo- 
 rium to be owing to those instances of charity. 
 
 Atterburij. 
 
 To EMPO'VERISH. v. a. [pauvre, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To make poor ; to depauperate ; to 
 reduce to indigence. 
 
 Since they might talk better as they lay toge- 
 ther, they empoverished their cloaths to enrich their 
 bed, which, for that night, might well scorn the 
 shrine of Venus. Sidney. 
 
 Your's sounds aloud, and tells us you excel 
 No less in courage than in singing well ; 
 While, unconcern'd, you let your country know. 
 They have emporerish d themselves, not you. Wal. 
 
 For sense of honour, if it empoverishcth a man, 
 it is, in his esteem, neither honour nor sen^e.South. 
 
 Fresh roses bring. 
 To strow my bed, 'till the empovmsh'd Spring 
 Confess her want. Prior. 
 
 2. To lessen fertility ; as tillage empover- 
 isftes land. 
 
 Empo'verisher. 71. s. [from empoverish.] 
 
 I. One that makes others poor. 
 
 •2. That which impairs fertility. 
 
 They destroy the weeds, and fit the land for 
 after-crops, being an improver, and not an empo- 
 rerisher of land. Mortimer. 
 
 Empo'verishment. n.s. [from empo- 
 verish.] Depauperation; cause of po- 
 verty ; drain of wealth. 
 
 Being paiil as it is, now some, and then some, 
 it is no great burden unto her, nor any great em- 
 poverishment to her coflers. Spens. State oj Ireland. 
 All appeals for justice, or appellations for favour 
 or preferment to another country, are so many 
 grievous impoverishments. Swift's View of Ireland, 
 
 To Empo'wer. I', a. [from poiver.] 
 
 E M P 
 
 1. To authorize ; to commission ; to give 
 power or authority to any purpose. 
 
 You are empowered, when you please, to give 
 the final decision of w'lt. Driidens Juv. Dedication. 
 
 The government shall be empowered to grant 
 commissions to all Protestants whatsoever. Swift. 
 
 2. To give natural force ; to enable. 
 Does not the same power that enables them to 
 
 heal, empower them to destroy ?Ba)tei' on Leurjijiig. 
 
 E'mpress. n.s. [contracted from fw/je- 
 ress, which is retained by Jonson in the 
 following lines.] 
 
 1. The queen of an eraperour. 
 
 Let your nimble feet 
 Tread subtile circles, that may always meet 
 In point to him ; and figures, to express 
 The grace of him, and hfs gte-Aie.mpercss.B. Jonson, 
 
 2. A female invested with imperial dig- 
 nity ; a female sovereign. 
 
 Empress of this fair world, resplendent Eve !Mi7. 
 
 Yet, London, empress of the northern clime. 
 By an high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryd. 
 
 VA'isdom, thou say'st, from heav'n receiv'd her 
 birth ; 
 Her beams transmitted to the subject earth ; 
 Yet this great empress of the liuman soul. 
 Does only with iuiagin'd power controul. 
 If restless passion, by rebellious sway. 
 Compels the weak usurper to obey. Prior. 
 
 Empri'se. n. s. [emprise, Fr.] Attempt 
 of danger ; undertaking of hazard ; 
 enterprise. 
 
 Noble minds, of yore, allied were 
 In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Fairy Q. 
 
 A double conquest must you make. 
 If you atchieve renown by this emprise, Fairfax, 
 
 Fierce faces Ihreat'ning wars ; 
 Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise. Milton. 
 Thus, 'till the sun had travell'd half the skies, 
 Anibush'd we lie, and wait the bold emprise. Pope. 
 
 E'mptier. n. s. [from empty.] One 
 
 that empties ; one that makes any place 
 
 void by taking away what it contained. 
 
 The emptiers have emptied them out, and mar- 
 ried their vine-branches. Kahum, ii. 2, 
 
 Emptiness, n. s. [from empty.] 
 
 1. Absence of plenitude ; inanity. 
 
 W^here cities stood. 
 Well fenc'd, and numerous, desolation reigns. 
 And emptiness ; disinay'd, unfed, unhous'd, 
 'Ihe widow and the orphan stroll. Philipt, 
 
 2. The state of being empty. 
 
 His cotfers sound 
 \A ith hollow poverty and emptiness. Shak, 
 
 3. A void space ; vacuity ; vacuum. 
 Nor could another in your room have been, 
 Except an emptiness had come between. Dryd. 
 
 The ordinary air in which we live and rcspne, 
 is of so thin a composition, that sixteen thousand 
 one hundred and forty-nine patts of its dimensions 
 ace mere emptiness and notliiu" ; and the remain- 
 ing one only, material and real substance. Bent/fy. 
 
 4. Want of substance or solidity. 
 
 'Tis this which causes the graces and the loves to 
 
 take up their habitations in the hardest marble, 
 
 and to subsist iu the emptiness of light and shadow. 
 
 Dryden s Dufresnoy, Pref, 
 
 5. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability to fill up 
 the desires. 
 
 O frail estate of human things. 
 Now to our cost your emptiness we know. Dryd. 
 Form the judgement about the worth or empti- 
 ness of things here, according as they are or are 
 not of use, in relation to what is to come after. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 G. Vacuity of head ; want of knowledge. 
 
 Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. 
 As shallow streams run dimpling all the way, Pope, 
 
 Emption. n. s. [emptio, Lat.] 
 The act of purchasing ; a purchase. 
 
 There is a dispute among the lawyers, whether 
 Glaucus his exchanginghis golder armourwith the 
 
 616
 
 E M P 
 
 brazen one of Tydides, was empt'um or commuta- 
 tion. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 E'MPTY. adj. [aemti3, Sax.] 
 
 1. Void; having nothing in it ; not full. 
 
 I did never know so luli a voice issue from so 
 empti/ a heart ; but the saving is true, xhe empti/ 
 vessel makes the greatest sound. Shakrsp. 
 
 The pit was emptjf, there was no water in it. Gen. 
 
 If you liave two vessels lo fill, and jou empty 
 
 one to fill the other, ynu gain nothing bv that; 
 
 ■ there still remains one vessel empty. Burnel. 
 
 2. Evacuated ; no longer full. 
 
 Himself he frees by secret means unseen, 
 His shackles empty left, himself escaped clean. 
 
 Spe riser. 
 
 3. Devoid ; unfurnished. 
 
 Art thou thus boldencd, man, by thy distress. 
 That in civility thou secm'st so em'pty > Shakesp. 
 
 Mr. Boyle has shewed, that air may be rarefied 
 above ten thousand times in vessels of glass ; and 
 the heavens are much emptier of air than any va- 
 cuum we can make below. Newton. 
 
 4. Unsatisfactory ; unable to fill the mind 
 
 or desires. 
 
 Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise. Pi»/)e. 
 
 5. Without any thing to carry ; unbur- 
 thened ; unfreighted. 
 
 Tiiey beat him, and sent him away empty. Matt. 
 
 When ye go, ye shall not go empty. Eiodtis. 
 
 He alledees that satyrs carried platters full of 
 fruit in their hands ; but if they had been empty 
 handed, had they been ever the larger satyrs? 
 
 th-yden. 
 
 Yet all the little that I got, I spent ; 
 And still return'd as empty as I went. Dryden. 
 
 6. Hungry. 
 
 My falcon now is sharp and passing empty. 
 And till she stoop, she must not be fuU-gurg'd, 
 For then she never looks upon her lure. Shakesp. 
 
 7. Vacant of head ; ignorant ; unskilful ; 
 unfurnished with materials for thought. 
 
 How comes it that so many worthy and wise 
 men depend upon so many unworthy and empty 
 headed fools ! Raleigh. 
 
 His answer is a liandsorae way of exposing an 
 empty, trifling, pretending pedant ; the wit lively, 
 the satyr courtly and severe. Felton. 
 
 8. Unfruitful ; barren. 
 
 Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Gen. 
 Israel is an empty vuie. Rosea. 
 
 9. Wanting substance ; wanting solidity ; 
 vain. 
 
 The god of sleep there hides his heavy head, 
 And empty dreams on every leaf are spread. Dri/ti. 
 ToE'mpty. v. a [from the adjective.] To 
 evacuate ; to exhaust ; to deprive of that 
 which was contained in it. 
 
 Boundless intemperance. 
 In nature is a tyranny : it hath been 
 Th' untimely €mpti}ing of the happy throne. 
 And fall of inany kings. .Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The empticrs liave emptied them out, and mar- 
 ried their vine-branches. Kahnm ii. 2. 
 
 Sheep are often blind by fulness of blood : cut 
 their tails, and empty them of their blood. Mortimer. 
 
 The Euxine sea is conveniently situated for 
 trade, by the communication it has both with Asia 
 and Europe, and the great navigable rivers that 
 empty tliemselves into it. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To Empu'rple. v. a. [(rom purple.] To 
 make of a purple colour ; to discolour 
 with purple. 
 Now in loose garlands, thick thrown off, the 
 bright 
 Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone, 
 Empurpled with celestial roses smii'd. Milton. 
 
 The deep, 
 EmpurpVd ran, with gushing gore distain'd.P/ii//;)j:. 
 
 To E.MPU'ZZLE. v.a. [from j)u::le.] To 
 perplex ; to put to a stand. 
 
 It hath empuzzted the enquiries of others to ap- 
 prehenil, and enforced them unto strange concep- 
 tions to make out. Broun. 
 
 Empye'.ma. n. «. [ijAirutifim.] A collection 
 Vol. I. 
 
 E M U 
 
 of purulent matter in any part whatso- 
 ever; generally used to signify that in 
 the cavity of the breast only, and wliich 
 sometimes happens upon the opening of 
 abscesses, or ulcerations of the lungs, or 
 membranes inclosing the breast. (^uinrj/. 
 
 t\n empyema, or a collection of purulent matter 
 in the breast, if not suddenly cured, doth un- 
 doubtedly impel the patient into a phthisical con- 
 sumption. Harris. 
 
 'I'here is likewise a consumption from an empy- 
 ema, after an inflannnation of the lungs ; which 
 may he known from a weight upon the diaphragm, 
 oppression of t)ie lungs, a ditficulty of breathing, 
 and inability to lie on one side," whicli is that 
 which is sound. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Empy'real. adj. [s'/xwti®-.] Formed of 
 the element of fire ; refined beyond ae- 
 riel ; pertaining to the highest and pur- 
 est region of heaven. [Tickell accents it 
 on the penult.] 
 
 Now went forth the morn. 
 Such as in highest heav'n, arraj'd in gold 
 Empyreal. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Uo, soar with Plato to th' empyreal sphere. 
 To the first good, first perfect, and first fair. Pnfie. 
 
 But empyreal forms, howe'er in sight 
 Gash'd and disinember'd easily unite. Tickell. 
 
 Empyre'an. n. s. [iixrv^e^.] The highest 
 heaven where the pure element of fire 
 is supposed to subsist. 
 
 Almighty Father from above. 
 From the pure empyrean, where he sits 
 Hii:h thron'd above all height, bent down his eye. 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 Under his burning wheel 
 The stedfast empyrean shook throughout. 
 All but the throne itself of God. Milton's Par.Lost. 
 
 The empyrean rung 
 With hallelujahs. Mi/«m's Par. Lost. 
 
 E'mpyreum. \n, s. [iiivi^ivpi.a.'] The 
 Empyre'uma. j burning of any mat- 
 ter in boiling or distillation, which gives 
 a particular offensive smell. Quincy. 
 It is so far from admitting an empyreum, that it 
 burns clearawaywithout leaving any cinders, or 
 adust about it. Harvey. 
 
 The hopes of an elixir insensibly evaporate, and 
 vanish to air, or leave in the recipient a foul em- 
 pyreuma. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Empyreuma'tical. adj. [from empi/- 
 1-eiima.] Having the smell or taste of 
 burnt substances. 
 
 Empyreumati'cal oils, distilled by strong fires in 
 retorts, may be brought to emulate essential oils 
 drawn in liiiibicks. Boyle. 
 
 Empy'rosis. n. s. [i/xirujoiK.] Conflagra- 
 tion ; general fire. 
 
 The former opinion that held these calaclisms 
 and empyroses universal, was such as held that it 
 put a total ciuisumraation unto things in this lower 
 world, especially that of conflagration. Hale.. 
 
 To EMULATE, v. a. [<emulor, Lat.] 
 
 1. To rival ; to propose as one to be equal- 
 led or excelled. 
 
 2. To imitate with hope of ei]uahty, or su- 
 periour excellence. 
 
 1 would have 
 Him emulate you : 'tis no shame to follow 
 The better precedent. Ben Jonson's Catiline. 
 
 Those fair ideas to ray aid I'll call. 
 And emulate my great original. Dryden. 
 
 What though no weeping lovei thy ashes grace. 
 Nor polisb'd marble emulate thy face. Pope. 
 
 3. To be equal to ; to rise to equality with. 
 
 I see how thy eye would emxUate the diamond. 
 
 Shak. 
 We see no new-built palaces aspire, 
 No kitchens emulate the vestal Inc. Pope, 
 
 4. To imitate ; to copy ; to resemble. 
 
 EMU 
 
 It is likewise attended with a delirium, fury, 
 and an involuntary laughter, the convulsion enn- 
 laling this motion. ^ Arbulhiwl. 
 
 E.mula'tion. n. s. [annulatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Rivalry ; desire of superiority. 
 
 Mine emulation 
 Hath not that honour in't it had ; for where 
 1 thought to crush liim in an equal force. 
 True sword to sword, I'll pilch at hira some way. 
 Or wrath or craft may gel him. .Viakesp. 
 
 There was neither envy nor emu/a(i<7n amongst 
 them. 1 if"''- 
 
 Aristotle allows that some emulation may be 
 good, and may be found in some pood nieli -, yet 
 envy he utterly condemns, as wicked in itself, 
 and only to be tound in wicked minds. Spratt. 
 
 The a|)ostle exhorts the Corinthians to an holy 
 and general emnlatim of the charity of the Mace- 
 donians, in contributing freely to llie relief of the 
 poor saints at Jerusalem. South. 
 
 A noble emubttion heals your breast, 
 .•\nd your own fame now robs you of your rest : 
 Good actions still must be raaintain'd with good, 
 ,'Vs bodies nourlsh'd with resembling food. Dryd. 
 
 2. Envy; desire of depressing another; 
 contest ; contention ; discord. 
 
 What madness rules in brainsick men 
 When for so slight and frivolous a cause. 
 Such factious emulations shall arise ! SJtakesp. 
 
 Emulative, adj. [from emulate.] In- 
 clined to emulation ; rivalling ; disposed 
 to competition. 
 
 E.mula'tor. n. $. [from emulate.] A ri- 
 val ; a competitor. 
 
 In superiours it quenchcth jealousy, and layeth 
 their competitors and emulators asleep. Bacon. 
 
 To Emu'le. v. a. [emulor, Lat.] To emu- 
 late. Not in use. 
 
 He sitting me beside, in that same shade, 
 Provok'd me to play some pleasant fit ; 
 \etemulin' my pipe, he took in band 
 Mv pipe, before that emu/ed of many, 
 Aiid plaid thereon ; for well that skill he could. 
 
 SpewcT. 
 
 To Emu'lge. V. a. [emulgco, Lat.] To 
 
 milk out. 
 Emu'lgent. adj. [emulgens, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Milking or draining out. 
 
 2. Emulgent vessels [in anatomy] are the 
 two large arteries and veins which arise, 
 the former from the descending trunk of 
 the aorta, or great artery ; the latter from 
 the vena cava. They are both inserted 
 into the kidneys ; the emulgent arterie.'i 
 carrying blood" with the serum to them, 
 and the emulgent veins bringing it back 
 again, after the serum has been separatetl 
 therefrom by the kidneys. Harris. 
 
 It doth furnish the left emulgent with one vein. 
 
 Broum. 
 
 Through the emulgent branches the blood is 
 brought to the kidneys, and is there freed if ils 
 serum. Chcunc. 
 
 Emulous, adj. [eemulus, Lat.] 
 
 1. 'Rivalling ; engaged in competition. 
 
 What the Gaiil or Moor could not elfect, 
 Norfmu/.iuCarlhage, with their Icugtii of spite. 
 Shall be the work oY one. Ben Jonson's Catiline. 
 
 She is in perpetual dilSdencc, or actual enmity 
 with her, but always emulous and suspeciful of 
 |,ef. ■ Houet's Vocal Forest. 
 
 2. Desirous of superiority ; desirous to rise 
 above another ; desirous of any excel- 
 lence possessed by another ; with oj be- 
 fore the object of emulation. 
 
 By strength 
 They measure all, ii/ other excellence 
 Not"cmu/»>i(S, nor care who them excels. Milltm. 
 
 By fair rewards our noble youth we raise 
 To cmuLius merit, and to thirst of praise. Prior. 
 
 Good Howard, tmuiouiii/ the Grecian art.Pn'or. 
 
 4K <J17
 
 E N A 
 
 3. Factious ; contentious. 
 
 Whose glorious deeds, but in tlje fields of late, 
 Alade emulous missions 'mongst the gods them- 
 selves. 
 And drave great fllars to faction. Shakesv. 
 
 E'muloltsly. adv. [from emulous.] With 
 desire of excelling or outgoing another. 
 
 So tempt tlie3' him, and crnulmtsli^ vie 
 To bribe a voice, that enijiires would nut buy. Gran. 
 Emu'lsion. w. s. [emitfsio, Lat.] A form 
 of medicine, by bruising oily seeds and 
 kernels, and drawing out their sub- 
 stances with some liquor, that thereby 
 becomes milky. Quinci/. 
 
 The aliment is dissolved by an operation resem- 
 bling that of making an cmuUimi ; m which opera- 
 tion the oily parts of nuts and seeds, being gently 
 ground in a marble mortar, are gradually mixed 
 with some watery liquor, or dissolved into a sweet, 
 thick, turbid, milky liquor, resembling the chyle 
 in an animal body. Arhuthiiot. 
 
 Emu'nctories. n.s.[emuiicforium, Lat.] 
 Those parts of the body where any thing 
 excrementitious is separated and collect- 
 ed, to be in readiness for ejectment. 
 
 Quinct/. 
 
 Superfluous matter deflows from the body under 
 tlieir pro|ier emunctories. Bnncn's Vulg. Err. 
 
 There are receptacles in the body of man, and 
 emunctories to drain them of superfluous choler. 
 
 More. 
 
 Discoursing of the lungs, I shew that they are 
 the grand e»naic(i)rj/ of the body; that the main 
 end of respiration is continually to discharge and 
 expel an e.\crementitious fluid out of the mass of 
 blood. _ _ Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The regimen in quinsies, which proceed from an 
 obstruction of the glands, must be to use such 
 warm liquors as relax those glands, such as, by 
 stimulatitig, open the emunctorits to secern the 
 humour. _ Arbuthnot. 
 
 En. An inseparable particle borrowed by 
 us from the French, and by the French 
 formed from the Latin in. Many words 
 are uncertainly written with en or in. In 
 many words en is changed into em for 
 more easy pronunciation. 
 To Enable, v. a. [from able.] To make 
 able ; to empower ; to supply with 
 strength or ability. 
 
 If thou would'st vouchsafe to overspread 
 Me with the shadow of thy gentle wing, 
 I should enabled be thy acts to sing. Spenser. 
 
 His great friendship with God might enable him, 
 and his compassion might incline Inm. Atterbury. 
 
 He points out to him the way of life, strength- 
 ens his weakness, restores his lapses, and enables 
 him to walk and persevere in it. Rogers. 
 
 To Enac't. v. a. [from act.] 
 
 1 . To act ; to perform ; to effect. Not now 
 in use. 
 
 In true balancing of justice, it is flat wrong to 
 punish the thought or purpose of any before it be 
 enacted. Spenser. 
 
 Valiant Talbot, above human thought, 
 Eiiacted wonders with his sword and lance..Sfta^e5p. 
 
 2. To establish by law ; to decree. 
 
 It is enacted in the laws of Venice, 
 If it be proved against an alien. 
 He seeks the life of any citizen. 
 The party, 'gainst the which he doth contrive, 
 Shall seize on half his goods. Skake^. 
 
 The senate were authors of all counsels in the 
 state; and what was by them consulted and agreed, 
 was proposed to the people, by whom it was en- 
 acted or commanded. Temple. 
 
 3. To represent by action. 
 
 1 did enact Hector. Skakesp. 
 
 Ena'ct. n. s. [from the verb.] Purpose ; 
 
 determination. 
 Ena'ctor. n. s. [from enact.] 
 
 E N A 
 
 l.One that forms decrees or establishes laws. 
 
 The great author of our nature, and enactor of 
 this law of good and evil, is highly dishonoured. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 2. One who practises or performs any 
 thing. Not used. 
 
 The violence of either grief or joy. 
 Their own enactors with themselves destroy. Shak. 
 
 Ena'lLAGE. n. S. [iifuXXayri.] A figure in 
 grammar, whereby some change is made 
 of the common modes of speech, as when 
 one mood or tense of a verb is put for 
 another. 
 To Ena'mbush. I', a. [from ambush.] To 
 hide in ambush ; to hide with hostile in- 
 tention. 
 They went within a vale, close to a flood, whose 
 stream 
 Us'd to give all their cattle drink, they there en- 
 ambush'd them. Chapman's Iliad. 
 
 To En a'.mel. v. a. [from amel. See Amel.] 
 
 1 . To inlay ; to variegate with colours, pro- 
 perly with colours fixed by fire. 
 
 aiust 1, alas! 
 Frame and enamel plate, and drink in glass . Donne. 
 See Pan with flocks, with fruits Pomona crown'd; 
 Here blushing Flora paints th' enameWd ground. 
 
 Pone. 
 
 1 bequeath to the Earl of Orrery the enamelVd 
 
 silver plates, to distinguish bottles of wine by. Sw. 
 
 2. To lay upon another body so as to vary it. 
 
 Higher than that wall, a circling row 
 Of goodliest trees, loaden with the fairest fruit. 
 Blossoms, and fruits at once of golden hue, 
 Appear'd with gay enameU'd colours mi.x'd. Milt. 
 
 To Ena'mel. v. n. To practise the use 
 of enamel. 
 
 Though it were foolish to colour or enamel upon 
 the glasses of telescopes, yet to gild the tubes of 
 them raavrender them more acceptable to the users, 
 without lessening the clearness of the object.jBu^/e. 
 
 Ena'mel. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Any thing enamelled, or variegated with 
 coloiu's fixed by fire. 
 
 Down from her eyes welled the pearles round. 
 Upon the bright enamel of her face ; 
 
 Such lioney drops on springing flowers are found. 
 When Phoibus holds the crimson morn in chace. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 There are various sorts of coloured glasses, pastes, 
 
 enamels, and factitious gems. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 2. The substance inlaid in other things. 
 Ena'meller. n.s. [from enamel.] One 
 
 that practises the art of enamelling. 
 To Ena'mour. v. a. [amour, Fr.] To 
 inflame with love ; to make fond : with 
 of before the thing or person loved. 
 
 Affliction is enamour'd of thy parts. 
 And thou art wedded to calamity. Shakesp. 
 
 I\Iy Oberon ! what visions have I seen ! 
 1 thought I wasenamour'd of an ass. Shakesp. 
 
 You are very near my brother in his love : he 
 is enamoured on Hero. Shakesp. 
 
 Or should she, ctnfident. 
 As sitting queen ador'd on beauty's throne. 
 Descend with all her winning charms begirt, 
 T* enamour, as the zone of \'enus once 
 Brought that effect on Jove, so fables tell. Milton. 
 
 He, on his side. 
 Leaning half-rais'd, with looks of cordial love 
 Hung over her enamour'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Your uncle cardinal 
 Is not so far enamour'd of a cloyster. 
 But he will thank you for the crown. Dryden. 
 'Tis hard to discern whether is in the greatest 
 errour, he who is enamour'd of all he does, or he 
 whom nothing of his own can please. Dryden. 
 Enarea'tion. n. s. [enar7-o, Lat.] Ex- 
 planation ; exposition. Diet. 
 Enarthho'si.s. n. s. [" and a^Sjo*.] The 
 
 E N C 
 
 insertion of one bone into another to 
 form a joint. 
 
 Enarthrosis is vrhere a good round head enters into 
 a cavity, whether it be a cotyla, or profound cavity, 
 as that of os coxae, receiving the head of the os fe- 
 moris ; or glene, which is more shallow, as in the 
 scapula, where it receives the humerus. Wiseman. 
 
 Enata'tion. n.s. [enato, Lat.] The act 
 of swimming out ; escape by swimming. 
 
 Did. 
 Ena'unter. adv. An obsolete word ex- 
 plained by Spenser himself to mean lest 
 that. 
 
 Anger would not let him speak to the tree, 
 Enaunter his ra»e might cooled be. 
 But to the root bent his sturdy stroke. fSpenser. 
 To Enca'ge. v. a. [from cage.] To shut 
 up in a cage ; to coop up ; to confine. 
 
 He suffered his kinsman March, 
 Who is, if every owner were right plac'd. 
 Indeed, his king, to be encng'd in Wales, 
 There without ransom to lie forfeited. Sliakesp. 
 
 Like Bajazet encuff'd, the shepherd's scoff. 
 Or like slack-sinew'd Sampson, his hair ui\. Donne. 
 
 To Enca'mp. v.n. [from camp.] To pitch 
 tents ; to sit down for a time in a march ; 
 to settle a temporary habitation. 
 He encamped at the mount of God. Exod. xiii. 5. 
 The French knew how to make war with the 
 English, by not putting things to the hazard of 
 a battle, but wearing them by long sieges of towns, 
 and strong fortified encampings. Bacon. 
 
 To Enca'mp. v. a. To form an army into 
 a regidar camp ; to order to encamp. 
 The people were encamped against Gibbethon. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Enca'mpment. n.s. [{rom encamp.] 
 l.The act of encamping, or pitching tents. 
 2. A camp ; tents pitched in order. 
 
 Their enemies served to improve them in their 
 encampments, weapons, or something else. Grew. 
 
 When a gen'ral bids the martial train 
 Spread their encampment o'er the spacious plain. 
 Thick rising tents a canvas city build. Gay's Trivia. 
 
 To Enca've. D. fl. [from cfluf.] To hide 
 as in a cave. 
 
 Do but encai>e yourself, 
 And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns, 
 That dwell in ev'ry region of liis face ; 
 For I will make him tell the tale anew. Shakesp. 
 
 ENCEINTE, n, s. [Fr.] Inclosure; 
 
 ground inclosed with a fortification. A 
 
 military term not yet naturalised. 
 To Encha'fe. v. fl. [eschaiiffeVy Fr.] To 
 
 enrage ; to irritate ; to provoke. 
 The wind-sliak'd surge, with high and mon- 
 strous main, 
 
 Seems to cast water on the burning bear, 
 
 1 never did like molestation view 
 
 On the enchafed flood. Shahesj). Othello. 
 
 To Encha'in. v. a. \enchamer^ Fr.] 
 
 1. To fasten with a chain ; to hold in 
 chains ; to bind ; lo hold in bondage. 
 
 ^Yhat should I do ! while here I was enchain d. 
 No glimpse of godlike liberty remain'd. Dryden. 
 
 2. To link together ; to concatenate. 
 
 The one contracts and cnchams\ns words, speak- 
 ing pressingly and short ; the other delights in 
 long oreathcd accents. Howti. 
 
 To ENCHANT, v.a. {enchanter, Fr.] 
 1 . To give efficacy to any thing by songs 
 of sorcery. 
 
 And now about the cauldron sing. 
 Like clvt's and fairies in a ring, 
 Enchanting all tliat 3'ou put in. ShaJcesjt. 
 
 These powerful drops thrice on the threshold 
 pour, 
 And balhe with this enchanted juice her door ; 
 That door where no adniittiuice now is found, 
 But where my soul is ever hov'ring round. Granv, 
 
 618
 
 E N C 
 
 2. To subdue by charms or spells. 
 
 Arcadia was the charmed circle, where all his 
 spirits for ever should be enrlumted- Sidnci/. 
 
 John thinks them dH enchanted : he enquires if 
 JJick had not given tlit-m some intoxicating po- 
 tion. Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. To delight in a high degree. 
 
 One wlioni the musick of his own vain tongue 
 Doth ravish like enchanting harmony. Shakesp. 
 
 Too dear I priz'd a fair enchanting face ; 
 Beauty unchaste is beauty iu disgrace. Pope. 
 
 Enchan'ter. n. s. [inchantenr, Fr.] A 
 magician ; a sorcerer ; one who has spi- 
 rits or (lemons at his command ; one who 
 has the power of charms and spells. 
 
 Such pliasms, such apparitions, are excellencies 
 
 which men applaud in themselves, conjured up bv 
 
 the magick of a strong imagination, and only seen 
 
 within that circle in wiiich the ejickantcr stands. 
 
 Decay tf Piety. 
 
 Gladio, by valour and stratagem, put to death 
 tyrants, enchanters, monsters, and knights. Sped. 
 
 Ardan, that black enchanter, whose dire arts 
 Euslav'd our knights, and broke our virgin hearts. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Encha'ntingly. adv. [from enchant.] 
 
 With the force of enchantment. It is 
 
 improperly used in a jjassive sense in 
 
 the following passage. 
 
 He's gentle ; never school'd, and yet learned ; 
 fuU of noble device ; of all sorts encKantingly be- 
 lov'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Enchantment. n.s. [enchantement y Fr.] 
 
 1. Magical charms ; spells; incantation 
 sorcery. 
 
 The Turks thought that tempest was brought 
 upon them by the charms and enchantments of the 
 Persian magicians. Knoltes. 
 
 2. Tn*esistible influence ; overpowering de 
 light. 
 
 Uarmlh of fancy will carry the loudest and most 
 
 universal applause, which holds the heart of a 
 
 reader under the strongest enchantment. Pcype. 
 
 Encha'ntress. n. s. [aichanteresse, Fr.] 
 
 1, A sorceress ; a woman versed in magical 
 arts. 
 
 Fell banning hag ! enchantress, hold thy tongue. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I have it by certain tradition, that it was given 
 
 to the first who wore it by au enchantress. Tatlcr. 
 
 2. A woman whose beauty or excellencies 
 give irresistible influence. 
 
 From this enchantress all these ills are come ; 
 lou are not safe 'till you pronounce her dooju. 
 
 . Dryden. 
 
 Oft with th enchantress of liis soul he talks. 
 Sometimes in crowds dislress'd. nomson. 
 
 To Encha'se. v.a. [enihasser, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To infix ; to enclose in any other body 
 so as to be held fast, but not concealed. 
 
 Like polish'd iv'ry, beauteous to behold ; 
 Or Parian marble, when cnchas'd in gold. Druden. 
 
 Words, which, in their natural situation, shine 
 like jewels enchased in pold, look, when transposed 
 into notes, as if set in lead. Felton. 
 
 2. To adorn by being fixed upon it. 
 
 What see'st thou there? King Henry's diadem, 
 Enchas d with all the honours of the world ! Shak. 
 
 They houses burn, and household gods deface. 
 To drink iu bowls which glitt'ring gems enchase. 
 
 3. To adorn by raised or embossed work. 
 
 When was old Shercwood's head more guaiiitlv 
 curl'd, ■' 
 
 Or look'd the earth more green upon tlie world. 
 Or nature's cradle more enchas'd and purl'd ' 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 Enchea'son. n. s. [encheason, old law 
 Fr.] Cause ; occasion. 
 
 Skinner. Cowel. Bailey, 
 
 E N C 
 
 Certes, said he. well niotc 1 should to tell 
 The fond €Tu:hcason that me hilhcr led. Pairy Q. 
 
 To Enci'rcle. r. a. [from circle,'] To 
 surround ; to environ ; to enclose in a 
 ring or circle ; to enring. 
 
 That stranger guest the Paphian realm obeys, 
 A realm defended with encircling seas. riype. 
 
 Beneath a sculptur'd arch he sits cntluon'd ; 
 The peers encircling, form an awful round. Pope. 
 
 Enci'rclet. n, s, [from circle.] A circle; 
 a ring. 
 
 In whose encirclets if ye gaze. 
 Your eyes may tread a (f>ver's maze. Sidney. 
 
 Encli'ticks. w. s. [iyKXlrixa.] Particles 
 which throw back Uie accent upon the 
 foregoing syllable. 
 
 To Enclo'se. r. a. [tncloSj Fr.] 
 
 1. To part from things or grounds coramoii 
 by a fence. 
 
 The ]-irotector caused a proclamation to be set 
 forlh against enclosures, comujanding that they 
 who ]vdd enclosed I'duds, accustomed to He open, 
 should lay them open again. llayuard. 
 
 As much land as a man tills, and can use the 
 product of, so much he by his {-AhouT encloses from 
 the common. Ij)cke. 
 
 For cnc^o^n^ of land, the usual way is with a 
 bank set witli quick. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 2. To environ ; to encircle ; to surround ; 
 to encompass ; to shut in between other 
 things ; to include. 
 
 The fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a 
 jasper ; they shall be setiu gold in their enclosings. 
 
 Ex. XKvUi. i>(». 
 
 The peer now spreads the glitt'ring forfex wide, 
 T' enclose the lock ; now joins it, to divide. Pope. 
 
 3. To hold by an exclusive claim, 
 Enclo'ser. 71. s. [from enclose.] 
 
 1. One that encloses or separates common 
 fields in several distinct properties. 
 
 If God had laid all common, certainly 
 IMan would have been th* encloser ; but since now 
 God hatli impal'd u.s, on the contrary, 
 Man breaks the fence. Herbert. 
 
 ^. Any thing in which another is enclosed. 
 Enclo'sure. n. s. [from enclose.] 
 
 1 . The act of enclosing or environing any 
 thing. 
 
 The membranes are for the comprehension or 
 enclosure of all these together. Wilkins. 
 
 2. The separation of common grounds into 
 distinct possessions. 
 
 Enclosures began to be frequent, whereby arable 
 land was turned into pasture. Bacons Henry VLI. 
 
 Touching enclosures, a company of lands in- 
 closed are tlicreby improved in worth two or three 
 parts at the least. Hoyuard. 
 
 3. The appropriation of things common. 
 
 Let no man approjjriate what God Imth made 
 cominun ; that is against justice and ch.irity, and 
 by miraculous accidents God hath declared liis 
 displeasure against such enclosure. Taylor. 
 
 4. State of being shut up in any place ; 
 encompassed, or environed. 
 
 This expresses particularly the enclosure of the 
 waters within the earth. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 For the young, during its fHc/usitre in the won»b, 
 tliere are formed membranes invelopiiig it, called 
 fecundines. i^(ii7. 
 
 5. The space enclosed ; tlie space compre- 
 hended within certain limits. 
 
 And all, that else this world's enclosure base 
 Hath grciit or glorious in mortid eye. 
 Adorns the person of her iMajesly. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Tliey are to live all in a body, and generally 
 within the same enclosure ; to marry among them- 
 selves, and to eat no meats that are not prepared 
 their own way. Addisons Spectator. 
 
 6. Several ; ground enclosed ; ground se- 
 parated from the common. 
 
 E N c: 
 
 "lis not the common, but the enclontre inoit 
 make him ricfi. South. 
 
 Enco'.miast. n. s. [iyxuftiotrit.] A pane- 
 gj-rist ; a prodaimer of praise ; a praiser. 
 The Jesuits arc the great encomiasts of the Clii- 
 nese. Locke. 
 
 EnCOMIA'sTICAL. \ adj. [iyx^fttirixO-.J 
 Encomia'stick. § Panegyrical; lau- 
 datory; containing praise; bestowing 
 praise. 
 ENCOMIUM, n.s. [iyx^f^u.,.] Panegy- 
 rjck ; praise ; elogy. 
 
 How eagerly do some men propagate every little 
 encomium their parasites make of tbem ! Gov. Ton. 
 
 .\ vile encitmium doublv ridicules ; 
 There's nuthuii: blackens like the ink of fools. Popr. 
 
 To Enco'.mpass. v. a. [from compass.^ 
 J. 'i'o enclose; to encircle. 
 
 Look how my ring encompasseth thy finger ; 
 Ev'ii so thy breast enclojetli my poor heart. Shak. 
 Two strong ligaments encompass the whole I cad 
 of the femur. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Poetick fields encompass me around. 
 And still 1 seem to tread on classick ground. .Wdii. 
 
 2. To shut in ; to surround ; to environ. 
 
 He, having scarce six thousand in his troop. 
 By three ana twenty thousand of the French 
 W as round encompassed, and set upon. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To go round any place ; as, Drake en- 
 compassed the tvvrld. 
 
 Enco'.mpassment. n. s. [from encom- 
 pass.] Circumlocution ; oblique ten- 
 dency of talk. 
 
 Finding 
 By this incompassment and drift of question. 
 That they do kuow my son, come you more near. 
 
 Shnkesp. 
 
 ENCORE, adv. [Fr.] .Again ; once more. 
 A word used at publick shows when a 
 singer, or fiddler, or buifoon, is desired 
 by the audience to do the same thing 
 again. 
 
 To the same notes thy sons shall hum or snore. 
 And all Uiy yawning da'ughters cry encore. Dunc^ 
 
 ENCOUNTER, n.s. [enconlre, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Duel ; single fight ; conflict. 
 
 Thou hast beat me out 
 Twelve several times, and 1 have nightly since 
 Dreamt of e;irt)i(uters 'twixt thyself and me. S9iak. 
 
 Let's leave this keen ciiCouTifer of our wits, 
 And fall something into a slower method. Shakesp. 
 
 Pallas th' tncimiiter seeks ; but ere he throws 
 To Tuscan Tiber thus address 'd his vows : 
 O sacred stream, direct my flying dart. 
 And give to pa^s the proud Halesus" heart. Dryti. 
 
 2. Battle ; fight in which enemies rush 
 against each other. 
 
 Two black clouds 
 With heav'ns artillery fraught, come rattling on 
 Over the Caspian ; tlieu stand front to front, 
 Hov'ring a space, 'till winds the signal blow 
 To join their dark encoimler in mid air. Milton. 
 
 3. Eager in warm conversation, either of 
 love or anger. 
 
 The pi aking curnuto comes to me in the instant 
 of our encounter, after we had spoke the prologue 
 of our comedy. Shakcfp. 
 
 4. .Accidental congress ; sudden meeting. 
 
 Propitious PalLos, to secure her care. 
 Around him spread a veil of thicken'd air. 
 To slum ih' encounUT of the vulgar crowd. Pope. 
 ,5. .Accosting ; transient or unexpected ad- 
 dress. 
 
 But in what habit will you go along? 
 — \ot like a woman ; for I would \ reveutthe loose 
 encounters of lascivious men. Shakesp. 
 
 Three parts of Brutus 
 Is ours already ; and the man entire, 
 Upon the next encounter, yields liim ours. 
 I "^ '' Shaltesp. 
 
 619
 
 E N C 
 
 6. Casual incident ; occasion. This sen 
 
 is scarcely English. 
 
 All e(|u:ility is not sufficient for the unity of 
 character : 'tis further necessary, that the s'anie 
 sjiirit iippeur in all sort of encounters. Pope. 
 
 To Encounter, u. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To meet face to face : to front. 
 
 If 1 must die, 
 I will encounter darkness as a bride, 
 And huti it in mine arras. Shakesp. 
 
 The fitshion of the world is to avoid cost, and 
 you encounter it. Shakesp. 
 
 Thou stronger may'st endure the flood of light ; 
 And, while in shades I chear my fainting sight, 
 Enc-Hinler the descending excellence. Dryden. 
 
 2. To meet in a hostile manner ; to rush 
 afjainst in conflict. 
 
 Putting themselves in order of battle, tliev en* 
 countered their enemies. KnoUes's Hist, of' the Turks. 
 
 3. To meet with reciprocal kindness. 
 
 See, they ejirni/nfer tliee with their hearts thanks; 
 Both sides are even. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 4-. l^o attack ; to meet in the front. 
 
 Which way so ever we turn, we are encountered 
 with clear evidences and sensible demonstrations 
 of a Deity. Tillotson. 
 
 5. To oppose ; to oppugn. 
 
 Jurors are not bound to believe two witnesses, if 
 the probability of the fact does reasonably ejicoun- 
 ter them. Hale. 
 
 6. To meet by accident. 
 
 1 am most fortunate tlius to encounter you : 
 You have ended my business, and I will merrily 
 Accompany you home. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 To Enco'unter. 17. n. 
 
 1. To rush together in a hostile manner ; 
 to conflict. 
 
 Encounter so. 
 As doth the fury of two desperate men, 
 "Which, in the very meeting, fall and die. Shakesp. 
 
 Five times, Marcius, 
 Have I fought with thee, so often hast thou beat 
 
 me : 
 And would'st do so, 1 think, should we encounter 
 As often as we eat. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 2. To engage; to fight: it has u^iM before 
 
 the thing. 
 
 Our wars 
 Will turn into a peaceful comick sport. 
 When ladies crave to be encounter d with. Shakesp. 
 
 Both the wings of his fleet had begun to encoun- 
 ter with tlie Christians. KnoUes's Hist, of the Turks. 
 
 Those who have the most dread of ^eath, must 
 be content to encounter with it, whether they will 
 or no. tVake. 
 
 3. To meet face to face. 
 
 4. To come together by chance. 
 Enco'unterer. n.s. [from e?icoun(er.] 
 
 J. Opponent ; antagonist; enemy. 
 
 The lion will not kick with his feet, but he will 
 strike such a stroke with his tail, that he will 
 break the back of his encou?i(ej'er with it. More. 
 
 The doctrines of the reformation have kept llie 
 field against all encounterers. Atterbury. 
 
 2. One that loves to accost others. An 
 old term. 
 
 Oh these encounfei'ers/ so gilt of tongue, 
 They give a coasting welcome ere it comes ; 
 And vvide unclasp the tables of their thouohts 
 To every ticklish leader. Shak. Troilusand Cressida. 
 
 To Enco'urage. v. a. [encourager^ Fr.] 
 
 1. To animate; to incite to any thing. 
 
 They encourage themselves in an evil matter. 
 
 Ps. Ixiv. 5. 
 
 2. To give courage to ; to support the spi- 
 rits ; to inspirit ; to embolden. 
 
 Kinds of rausick encourage men. and make them 
 warlike, or make them soft and effeminate. Bacon. 
 
 E N C 
 
 I would neitlier encourage the rebels, nor dis- 
 courage the protestants loyalty. Ai'ig Charles. 
 
 3. To raise confidence ; to make confident. 
 
 I doubt not but there are ways to be found, to 
 
 assist our reason in this most useful part ; and this 
 
 the judicious Hooker encourages nie to say. Locke. 
 
 Enco'uragement. n. s, [from encou- 
 rage,'] 
 
 1. Incitement to any action or practice; 
 incentive. 
 
 *2. Encrease of confidence. 
 
 Such strength of heart 
 Thy conduct and example gives ; nor small 
 Encouragement Godolphin, wise and just. P/iiiijo«. 
 
 3. Favour ; countenance ; support. 
 
 For when lie dies, farewel all honour, bounty, 
 All generous CTicoura^ement of arts. (Jfu'ay'sOr/^/ian. 
 Tne reproach of immorality will Ife heaviest 
 against an established religion, because those who 
 liave no religion will profess tliemselves of that 
 which has the encouragement of the law, Rogers. 
 
 Enco'urager. 71. s. [from eiicoui'age,] 
 One that supplies incitements to any 
 thing ; a favourer. 
 
 Live then, thou great encourager of arts, 
 Live ever in our thankful liearts. Dryden. 
 
 As the pope is a master of polite learning, and 
 a great encourager of arts ; so at Rome these arts 
 immediately thrive, under the encouragement of 
 the prince. Addison. 
 
 To ENCRO'ACH. r. a. \accvocher, from 
 croc a hook, Fr. ] 
 
 1, To make invasions upon the right of 
 another ; to put a hook into another 
 man's possessions to draw them away. 
 
 Those Irish captains of counties have encroached 
 upon the queen's fieeholders and tenants. Sptnser. 
 
 2. To advance gradually and by stealth 
 
 upon that to which one ha^ no right: 
 
 with on before the stibject. 
 
 This hour is mine j if for the next I care, I grow 
 too wide. 
 And do encroach upon death's side. Herbert. 
 
 Tisiphone, let loose from under ground. 
 Before her drives diseases and affright j 
 And every moment rises to the sight. 
 Aspiring to the skies, encroaching on the light. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 ToEncro'ach. i\ n, 
 
 i. To creep on gradually without right. 
 
 The superstition that riseth voluntarily, and by 
 degrees niingleth itself witli the riles, even of 
 every divine service, done to the only true God, 
 must be considered of as a creeping and encroach- 
 ing evil. Hooker. 
 
 rh' encroaching ill you early should oppose ; 
 Flatter'd, 'tis worse, and by indulgence grows. 
 
 Dryden. 
 2. To pass bounds. 
 
 They fabled how the serpent, whom they call'd 
 Ophion, with Eurynome, the wide 
 Encroaching Eve perhaps, had first the rule 
 Of high Olympus. Milton- Par. Lost. 
 
 Next, fenc'd w ith hedges and deep ditches round, 
 Exclude ih' encroaching cattle from thy ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Encro'acher. n.s. [from enci'oac/t.] 
 
 1 . One who seizes the possession of ano- 
 ther by gradual and silent means. 
 
 The bold encroac/iers on the deep. 
 Gain by degrees huge tracts of land, 
 
 'Till "Neptune, with one gen'ral sweep. 
 Turns all again to barren strand. Smft. 
 
 2. One who makes slow and gradual ad- 
 vances beyond his rights. 
 
 Full dress creates dignity, augments conscious- 
 ness, and keeps at distance an encroac/ier. Clarissa. 
 
 Encro'achment. n.s, [from encroach.] 
 1. An unlawful gathering in upon another 
 
 E N c 
 
 man. For example : if two men's 
 grounds lie together, the one presses too 
 far upon the other; or if a tenant owe 
 two shillings rent-service to the lord, and 
 the lord takes three: so the Spencers en- 
 croached to themselves royal power and 
 authority. CoweL 
 
 But this usurper his encroachment proud 
 Stays not on man : to God his tow'r intends 
 Siege, and defiance. Miltons Par. Lost. 
 
 If it be a man's known principle to depart from 
 his right, ill men will make unjust encroac/tmentj 
 upon him. Atterbury. 
 
 2. To advance into the territories or rights 
 of another. 
 
 As a man had a right to all he could employ his 
 labour upon, so he had no temptation to laoour 
 for more than he cuuld make use of: this left no 
 room for controversy about the title, nor for en- 
 croachment on the right of others. Locke. 
 
 The ancient Romans made many encroachments 
 on the sea, and laid the foundations of their pa- 
 laces within the vt ry borders of it. Addisono7i Italy. 
 
 The people, since tlie death of Solon, had alrea- 
 dy made great encroaclimcnts. Swift, 
 
 To Encu'mber. v. a. [encombrer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To clog ; to load ; to impede. 
 
 ^Vehave, by thisman^ years experience, found 
 that exceeding great good, not encumbered with 
 any notable inconvenience. Hooker. 
 
 Encumber d with his vest, without defence. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To entangle ; to embarrass ; to obstruct. 
 
 The verbal copier is encumbered with so many 
 difficulties at once, that he can never disentangle 
 himself. Dryden. 
 
 The god awak'd. 
 And thrice in vain he shook his Aving, 
 Encumber d in the silken string. Prior, 
 
 S. To load with debts ; as, his estate is en- 
 cumbered 7vith itiortgages, 
 Encu'mbrance. ?i. s. [from encumber.'] 
 
 1. Clog ; load ; impediment. 
 
 Philosophers agreed in despising riches, at best, 
 considering them as unnecessary encumbrances oi 
 life. Temple. 
 
 Dead limbs are an encumbrance to tlie body, in- 
 stead of being of use to it. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. Excrescence ; useless addition. 
 
 Strip from the branching Alps their piny load, 
 The huge encumbrance of hurrifick wouds.Thomson. 
 
 3. Burthen upon an estate. 
 
 In respect of the encumbrances of a living, con- 
 sider wlicther it be sulhcient for his family, and 
 to maintain hospitality. Ayl. 
 
 Ency'clical. adj. [Ey«f«A»xfl?.] Circular ; 
 sent round through a large region. 
 
 This council was not received in patriarchal sees, 
 which is evident from Photius's encyclical epistle 
 to the patriarch of Alexandria. ' SliUingfieet. 
 
 EnCYCLOPE'DIA. 7 n. S. [tyxtjt^owai^'et*.] 
 
 Encyclope'dy. J The cu'cle of sci- 
 ences ; the round of learning. 
 
 In thh encyclopindia and round of knowledge, 
 like the great wheels of heaven, we must observe 
 two circles, that while we are daily carried about, 
 and whirled on by the swing and rapt of the one, 
 we may maintain a natural and proper course in 
 the sober wlicel uf the other. Brouii's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Every science borrows from all the rest, and we 
 cannot attain any single one without the encyclo- 
 pcedij. Gtanville. 
 
 This art may justlv claim a place in the encyclO' 
 p^Erfia, especially such as serves for a model of edu- 
 cation ioT an aGle politician, Arbuth7iot. 
 
 Ency'sted. adj. [xiJn?-] Enclosed in a 
 
 vesicle or bag. 
 
 Encysted tumours borrow their names from a 
 cyst or bag in which they are contained. 
 
 Sharp's Surgery
 
 END 
 
 END. n.s. [enb, Sax.] 
 
 l.The extremity of the length of any thing 
 materially extended. Of bodies that 
 liave equal dimensions we do not use 
 end: the extremity of breadth is side. 
 
 Jonathan put forlli tlic end of tlie rod that was 
 inJ^is hand, and dipt it in a honeycomb. 1 Sam. 
 
 2. Hxtremity or last part in general. 
 
 The extremity and bounds of all bodies we have 
 no difficulty to arrive at ; but, when the mind is 
 there, it finds nothing to hinder its progress into 
 tliis endless expansion : of that itcaa neither find, 
 nor conceive any end. Locke. 
 
 3. The last particle of any assignable du- 
 ration. 
 
 Behold the day groweth to an end. Judges. 
 
 At the end of two months she returned. Judges. 
 
 If the world's age and death be argu'd well 
 By the sun's fall, which now tow'rds earth doth 
 
 bend, 
 Then we might fear, that virtue, since slie fell 
 So low as woman, should be near her ent/. Donne. 
 
 4. The conclusion or cessation of any 
 action. 
 
 Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Yet vainly most their age in study spend ; 
 No end of writing books, and to no Gn^.Denham. 
 
 The causes and designs of an action are the be- 
 ginning : the eifects of these causes, and the diffi- 
 culties met with in the execution of these designs, 
 are the middle ; and the unravelling and resolution 
 of these difficulties, are the end. 
 
 Broome of Epic Poetrii^ 
 
 5. When end is not used materially, it is 
 opposed to beginning. 
 
 Better is the end than the fceginm'ng^ thereof. 
 
 Eccles. 
 
 6. The conclusion or last part of any 
 thing; as, the end of a chapter ; the end 
 of a discourse. 
 
 7. Ultimate state ; final doom, 
 
 Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, 
 for tiie end of that man is peace. Psalms. 
 
 END END 
 
 15. Consequence ; conclusive event ; con- 1 h' <^'' '" » deep sigh , and all the instancej of 
 elusion pleasure have a sting in the tail. Taylor. 
 
 8. The point beyond ivhich no profession 
 can be made. 
 
 They reel to aiui fro, and stagger like a drunk- 
 en man, and are at tlieir wits end. Ps. cvii. 27. 
 
 9. Final determination ; conclusion of de- 
 bate or deliberation. 
 
 3Ij guilt be on my head, and tliere's an end! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 10. Death ; fate; decease. 
 
 I determine to write the life and the md, the 
 nature and the fortunes of George Villiers.ICt/rtrm. 
 
 The soul receives intelligence. 
 By her near genius, of the body's end, 
 And so imparts a sadness to the sense. Daniel's Cw. 
 'Tis the great business of life to lit ourselves fur 
 our end, and no man can live well that hath not 
 death in his eye. L'Estrange. 
 
 Remember Milo's enrf, 
 Wedg'd in that timber which he strove to rend. 
 f^ Roscommon. 
 
 My God, my father, and my friend. 
 Do not forsake me in my end. Roscommon. 
 
 Unblam'd through life, lamented in thy end.Pcpe. 
 
 11. Cessation ; period. 
 
 What is the sign of the end of the world ?Matth. 
 Great houses shall have an end. Amot. 
 
 12. Limit ; termination. 
 
 There is no end of the store. Kahum. 
 
 13. Abolition ; total loss. 
 
 There would be an end of all civil government, 
 if the assignment of civil power were by such in- 
 stitution. L,^he. 
 
 14. Cause of death ; destroyer. 
 
 Take heed you dally not before your kin". 
 Lest he that I's the supreme King o"f kings " 
 Confound your hidden falsehood, and award 
 Either of y ou to he tiie other's end. Shuk. Rich. III. 
 
 O, that a man might know 
 
 The end of this day's business ere it come ! 
 
 But it sufhceth that the day will end. Shakesp. 
 
 The end of these things Ts death. Rom. vi. 21. 
 
 16. Fragment; broken piece. 
 Thus I clothe my naked villainy 
 
 With old odd ends, stol'n forth ofHoly writ. 
 And seem a saint. Shakep. liichard III, 
 
 17. Purpose ; intention. • 
 There was a purpose to reduce the monarchy to 
 
 a republick, which was far from the end and pur- 
 pose of that nation. Clarendon. 
 
 I have lov'd ! 
 What can thy ends, malicious beauty, be ? 
 Can he whokill'd thy brother, live ioT thee. Dryd. 
 
 Heav'n, as its instrument, my courage sends ; 
 Heav'n ne'er sent those who fight for private ends. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Others are apt to attribute them to some false 
 end or intention. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 18. Thing intended ; final desigii ; the ter- 
 mination of intellectual prospect. 
 
 Wisdom may have framed one and the same 
 thing to serve commodiously for divers ends, and 
 of those ends any one may be sutficient cause f»)r 
 continuance, though the rest have ceased. Hooker. 
 
 All those things which are done by him, have 
 some end for which they are done ; an"d the end for 
 which they are done, is a reason of his will to do 
 them. Hooker. 
 
 Her only end is never-ending bliss ; 
 AVhich is, the eternal face of God to see, 
 Who last of ends, and first of causes is ; 
 And to do this, she must eternal be. Davies. 
 
 The e7td of the commandment is charity. 1 Tim. 
 
 Two tilings I shall propound to you, as ends ; 
 since the wise men of this world have made thein 
 theirs. Suckling. 
 
 Such conditions did fully comply witli all those 
 ends, for which the parliament had first taken up 
 arms. Clarendon. 
 
 Hear and mark 
 To what end 1 have brought thee hither. Milton. 
 
 Life, with my Indamora, I would chuse ; 
 But, losing her, the end of living lose. Dryden. 
 
 For when success a lover's toil attends, 
 Few ask if fraud or force attain'd his etids. Pope. 
 
 The end of our fast is to please God, and make 
 him propitious. Smalridge. 
 
 \9- An end. [Probably corrupted from 
 on end.] Upright ; erect : as, his hair 
 stands an end. 
 20. An end has a signification in low lan- 
 guage not easily explained ; as, most an 
 end, com/nonly : perhaps it is properly on 
 end, at tlie conclusion ; or corrupted from 
 some old ■word not easily recoverable. 
 
 Stay'st thou to vex me here ? 
 Slave, that, still an end, turns me to shame ! Sltak. 
 To End. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To terminate ; to conclude ; to finish. 
 
 They have ended all my harvest. Ruth. 
 
 He would ill one battle end quarrel with them, 
 either win or lose the empire. Knolles. 
 
 That expensive war under which we have so 
 long groaned, is not yet ended. Smalrixige. 
 
 2. To destroy ; to put to death. 
 
 The lord of Stafford dear to-day hath bought 
 Thy likeness ; for instead of thee. King Harry, 
 This sword hath ended him. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 To End. v. n, 
 
 1. To come to an end ; to be finished. 
 
 Then ease your weary Trojans will attend. 
 And the long labours of your voyage end. Dryden. 
 
 2. To die. [riAiulau.] 
 
 Yet happy were my death, mine ending blest. 
 If this I could obtain', that breast to breast. 
 Thy bosom might receive my yielded spright. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 3. To terminate ; to conclude. 
 
 Our laughing, if it be loud and higb^ common- 
 
 4. To cease ; to fail. 
 His sovereignty, built upon either of these ti- 
 tles, could not have descended to his heir, bul 
 nTust have ended with him. Locke. 
 
 5. To conclude action or discourse. 
 
 The angel ended, and in Adam's ear 
 So chariuiiig left his voice. Milton. 
 
 To Enda'mage. r. a. [from damage.] To 
 mischief; to prejudice ; to harm. 
 
 Nor ought he car'd whom he endamaged 
 By tortous wrong, or whom bereav'd of right. 
 
 SpemtT. 
 
 It Cometh sometime to pass, that a thing unne- 
 cessary in itself doth notwithstanding appear con- 
 venient to be still held, even witliout use, lest, by 
 reason of that coherence which it hath with some- 
 what most necessary, the removal of the one should 
 endamage the other. Hooker. 
 
 \\ here your good word cannot advantage him. 
 Your slander never can endamage hira. Shakesp. 
 
 Gather our soldiers, scattcr'd and dispfrst. 
 And lay new platforms to endamage thera..^feejp. 
 
 The trial hath endamag'd thee no way ; 
 Rather more honour left, and more esteem. Milt. 
 
 \^Uen an erroneous opinion is published, tlie 
 publick is endamaged, and therefore it becomes 
 punishable by the magistrate. South. 
 
 A great alteration doth seldom any wise enda- 
 mage or disorder the globe. Woodu-. iVal. Hist. '' 
 
 Endamagement. U.S. [from enrfamao-f.] 
 Damage ; loss. 
 
 These flags of France that are advanced here. 
 
 Have hither march'd to the endamagement. Shakesp. 
 
 To Enda'nger. I', a. [from danger.] 
 
 I . To put into hazard ; to bring into peril. 
 
 Every one desires his own preservation and 
 
 happiness, and therefore hath a natural dread of 
 
 every thing that can destroy liis being, or endanger 
 
 his happiness. Tillotum. 
 
 He rais'd the rest. 
 To force the foes from the Lavinian shore, 
 And Italy's CTidan^er'd peace restore. I>ryden'j-Cn, 
 My kingdom claims your birth ; my late de- 
 fence. 
 Of our endanger'd fleet, may claim your confi- 
 dence. Dryden. 
 Volatile salts never exist in an animal body ; 
 tlie heat required to make them volatile, endangers 
 the animal. Arbuthnot. 
 The hiterest endangered is our title to heaven. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 2. To incur the danger of; to hazard. 
 
 He that turneth the humours back, and maketh 
 the wound bleed inwards, endangereth malign 
 ulcers. Bacon. 
 
 To Ende ar. I', a. [from dear.] To make 
 dear ; to make beloved. 
 
 All those instances of charity which usually en- 
 dear each other, sweetness uf conversation, fre- 
 quent admonition, all significations of love must 
 he expressed towards children. Taylor. 
 
 And in the mixture of all these appears. 
 Variety, which all the rest fndcars. Denham, 
 
 The "only thing that can endear religion to your 
 practice, will be to raise y our alTections above this 
 world. \Val.e. 
 
 Endearment, n.s. [from endear.] 
 1. Tlie cause of love ; means by which 
 anv thing is endeared. 
 Her first endearments, twining round the soul. 
 
 Thomscii, 
 
 1. The state of being endeared ; the state 
 of being loved. 
 
 Is not the separate property of a thing the great 
 cause of its endearment amongst all mankind^ 
 
 Souih. 
 
 When a man shall have done all that he can to 
 
 make one his friend, and emptied his purse to 
 
 create axdearment between them, he may,^ in Uie 
 
 end, be forced to write vanity and frustration. 
 
 South. 
 
 621
 
 END 
 
 ENDEAVOUR. n.«. [devoir, Fr. ende- 
 voir.] Labour directed to some certain 
 end ; effort to obtain or avoid. 
 
 My studied purposes went 
 Beyond all man's endeavours. Shaktsp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 Heav'n doth divide 
 The state of man in divers functions. 
 Setting endeavour in continual motion. Shakesp. 
 
 Here tlieir appointment we may best discover, 
 And looii on tUeU eiideaivur. Shakesp. A7it, andCleo. 
 
 I take imitation of an author to be an endeavour 
 of a later poet to write lilie one who has written 
 before liim on the same subject. Dryden. 
 
 The bold and sufficient pursue tlieir game with 
 more passion, endeavour, and application, and 
 therefore often succeed. Temple. 
 
 She could not make the least endeavour towards 
 the producing of any thing that hath vital and or- 
 ganical parts. Ray. 
 
 Such an assurance as will quicken men's endea- 
 vours for the obtaining of a lesser good, ought to 
 animate men more powerfully in the pursuit of 
 that which is infinitely greater. TitloLmi. 
 
 Tliis is the hinge on which turns the liberty of 
 intellectual beings, in their constant endeavours af- 
 ter, and steady prosecution of, true felicity. Loc/ce. 
 
 To Endea'vour. t). «. [from the noun.] 
 To labour to a certain purpose ; to work 
 for a certain end. It has commonly 
 after before the thing. 
 
 I could wish that more of our country clergy 
 would endeamiiira/ter a handsome elocution. /Idrfij. 
 
 Of old, those met rewards who could excel ; 
 And those were prais'd, who but endeavour d well. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Ende'avour. v. a. To attempt; to 
 essay. 
 
 To pray'r, repentance, and obedience due. 
 Though but endeavour d with sincere intent. 
 Mine ear shall not he slow, mine ear not shut. Mi/(. 
 
 Endea'vourer. n. s. [from endeavour j\ 
 One who labours to a certain end. 
 
 He appears an humble endeavnurer, and speaks 
 honestly to no purpose. Rymer's Traaedies. 
 
 EnDECA'GON. n.S. [i»Jii(ayo».] A plain 
 
 figure of eleven sides and angles. 
 Ende'mial. 'iadj.\J>^r,^i^.] Peculiar to 
 Ende'mical. > a country; used of any 
 Ende'mick. J disease proceeding from 
 some cause peculiar to the country where 
 it reigns ; such as the scurvy to the north- 
 ern climes. Quincy. 
 We may bring a consumption under the notion 
 of a pandemick, or endemick, or ratlier a vernacu- 
 lar disease, to England. Harveii. 
 Solenander, from tbe frequency of the plants 
 springing up in any region, could gather what endc- 
 mial diseases the inhaoitants were subject to.iiay. 
 An emlemial disease is what is common to the 
 people of the country. Arbuthnot on Air. 
 What demonstrates the |)lague to be endemial 
 to Egypt, is its invasion and going ofl" at certain 
 seasons. Arbuthnot. 
 To Ende'nize. v. a. [from denizeri.] To 
 make free ; to enfranchise. 
 
 The English tongue hath been beautified and 
 enriched out of other tongues, by enfranchising 
 and endenizing strange words. Camden. 
 
 T.\ 
 
 To ENDI'TE. I La't.] 
 
 ■J . To charsje any man by a written accu- 
 sation before a court of justice : as, he 
 was endited for felony. It is often writ- 
 ten indict. 
 
 2. To draw up ; to compose ; to write. 
 
 How shall Fii'jert unto me indite. 
 When neitlier I can read nor he can write. Ga-^. 
 
 Ht-ar how learu'd Greece her useful rules inditi's, 
 When to repress, and when indulge our flights ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To ENDI'CT. i v.a. [endikr, Fr. diclum, 
 
 END 
 
 To Endi'te. ». ». To compose. 
 
 Your hatlles they hereafter shall indite. 
 And draw the image of our Mars in fight. Waller. 
 
 Endi'ctment. i M. *. \irom endite.'] A 
 Endi'tement. J bill or declaration 
 made in form of law, for the benefit of 
 the commonwealth ; or an accusation for 
 some offence exhibited unto jurours, and 
 by their verdict found to be true, before 
 an officer can have power to punish the 
 same offence. Cowel. 
 
 'Tis necessary that the species of the crime be 
 described in the libel or articles, which our English 
 lawyers call an indictment or information. AyliH'e. 
 
 We never draw any indictment at all against 
 them, but think commendablyeven of thero.Hoofcer. 
 
 The hand-writing against nim may be cancelled 
 in the court of heaven, and yet the indictment run 
 on ill the court of conscience. South. 
 
 Attend the court, and thou shalt briefly find 
 III that one place the manners of mankind ; 
 Hear the indictments, then return again. 
 Call thyself wretch, and, if thou dar'st, complain. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Endive, m. s. [endive, Fr. intybum, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 Endive, or succory, is of several sorts ; as the 
 white, the green, and the curled. Mortimer. 
 
 E'ndless. adj. [from end.] 
 
 1. Having no end ; being without conclu- 
 sion or termination. 
 
 Nothing was more endless than the common me- 
 thod of comparing eminent writers by an opposi- 
 tion of particular passages in them. Pope. 
 
 2. Infinite in longitudinal extent. 
 
 As it is pleasant to the eye to have an endless 
 prospect, so it is some pleasure to a finite under- 
 standing to view unlimited excellencies. Tillotson. 
 
 3. Infinite in duration ; perpetual. 
 
 None of the heathens, how curious soever in 
 searching out all kinds of outward ceremonies, 
 could ever once endeavour to resemble herein the 
 church's care for the endless good of her children. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 But after labours long, and sad delay, 
 Brings them to ji.yous rest, and endless'hWss.Spens. 
 
 All our glor^ extinct, and happy state, 
 Here swalPow d up in endless mi.sery I Milton. 
 
 4. Incessant ; continual. 
 
 All the priests and friars in my realm. 
 Shall in procession sing her emlless praise. Shakesp. 
 
 Each pleasing Blount shall c;i(//(fss smiles bestow, 
 And soft Belinda's blush for ever glow. Pope. 
 
 E'ndlessly. adv. [from endless.] 
 
 1. Incessantly; perpetually. 
 
 Though God's promise has made a sure entail 
 of gruce to all those who humbly seek, yet it no 
 where engages that it shall importunatelv and end- 
 fcss/v renew its assaults on those who have often 
 repulsed it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 2. Without termination of length. 
 E'ndlessness. n.S. [from endless.] 
 
 1 . Extension without limit. 
 
 2. Perpetuity ; endless duration. 
 
 3. The quality of being round without an 
 end. 
 
 The tropick circles have. 
 Yea, and those small ones, which the poles engrave, 
 All the same roundness, evenness, and all 
 The endlessness of the Equinoctial. Donne. 
 
 E'ndlong. adv. [end and long.] In a 
 straight line. 
 
 Then spurring at full speed, ran endlong on. 
 Where Tlieseus sat on his imperial throne. Dryd. 
 
 E'ndmost. adj. [end and tnost.] Remot- 
 est ; furthest ; at the farther end. Diet. 
 
 To ENDORSE.!), a. [endorser, Fr. dor- 
 sum, Lat.] 
 
 END 
 
 1 . To register on the back of a writing ; to 
 superscribe. 
 
 by women. The French gentleman said. Where 
 do vou find that gloss > The English answered, 
 1-ook on the backside of the record of the law 
 sahquc, and there you shall find it endorsed. 
 
 ,, , . ,, Bacon's Apophtheg. 
 
 Upon credential letters was endorsed this super- 
 scription, To the king who hath the sun for his 
 helmet. Hoieel. 
 
 All the letters I can find of yours I have fasten- 
 ed in a folio cover, and the rest in bundles endorsed. 
 
 Swijl to Pope. 
 2. To cover on the back. This is not used. 
 
 Chariots, or elephants endors'd with tow'rs 
 Of archers. Milton's Par. Regahied. 
 
 Endo'rsement. n. s. [from endorse.] 
 
 1. Superscription; writing on the back. 
 
 2. Ratification. 
 
 "Th' eiulorsement of supreme delight. 
 Writ by a friend, and with his blood. Herbert. 
 
 To ENDOW. V. a. [indotare, Lat. endou- 
 aire, Fr.] 
 
 1. To enrich with a portion. 
 
 He shall surely endoio her to be his wife. Eiodus. 
 
 2. To supply with any external goods. 
 
 An alms-house I intend to endoio very liandsome- 
 ly for a dozen superannuated husbandmen. Addis. 
 
 3. To enrich with any excellence. 
 
 I at first with two fair gifts 
 Created him endou'd ; with happiness 
 And immortality ; that fondly lost. 
 This other serv d but to eternize woe. Milton. 
 
 Among those who are the most richly endowed 
 by nature, and accomplished by their own indus- 
 try, how few are there whose virtues are not ob- 
 scured ? Addison. 
 
 God did never command us to believe, nor his 
 ministers to preach, aii^- doctrine contrary to the 
 reason he hath pleased to endow us with. Sicij't. 
 
 4. To be the fortune of any one. 
 
 I do not thiuk 
 So fair an outward, and such stuff within, 
 Endous a man but him. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Endo'wment. n. s. [from endow.] 
 
 1. Wealth bestowed to any person or use. 
 
 2. The bestowing or assuring a dower ; the 
 setting forth or severing a sufficient por- 
 tion for a vicar towards his perpetual 
 maintenance, when the benefice is appro- 
 priated. Cowel. 
 
 3. Appropriation of revenue. 
 
 A chapel will 1 build, with large endowment. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 ■i. Gifts of nature. In this sense it is com- 
 monly plural. 
 
 By a desire of fame, great endowmcjits are not 
 suflVred to lie idle and useless to the publick./ldd(5. 
 
 If providence shews itself even in the blemishes 
 of these creatures, how much more does it disco- 
 ver itself in their several endowments, according to 
 tlie condition in which they are posted ? Addison. 
 
 To Endu'e. v. a. [induo, Lat.] 
 I. To supply with mental excellencies ; to 
 invest with intellectual powers. 
 
 Endue them with thy holy spirit. Comm. Prayer. 
 
 Wisdom was Adam's instructor in Paradise : 
 
 wisdom endued the fathers, who lived before the 
 
 law, with the knowledge of holy things. Hooker. 
 
 These banish'd men that 1 have kept withal, 
 Are men endu'd with worthy qualities. Shakesp, 
 
 With what ease, 
 Endud with royal virtues as thou art, 
 Micht'st thou expel this monster from his throne ? 
 
 Miltm. 
 Whatsoever other knowledge a man may be en- 
 dowed withal, he is but an ignorant person who 
 doth uot know Cud, the author of his being. 
 
 Tilloum. 
 
 62«
 
 END 
 
 Every Christian is endued w'xih a power, where- 
 by he IS enabled tu resist and conquer tempta- 
 tions. TiltotsoH. 
 
 2. In the following passage it seems incor- 
 rectly printed for endow, 
 
 Leah said, God hath endued me with a good 
 dowry. Gen. 
 
 Endurance, n. s. [from ensure.] 
 
 1 . Continuance ; lastingness. 
 
 Some of tliem are of very great antiquity and 
 continuance, others more late and of less endun 
 ranee. Spenser^s Ireland. 
 
 2. Patience ; suiTerance. 
 
 Great tilings of small 
 One can create ; and in what place soe'er 
 Thrive under evil, and work ease out of pain, 
 Tiirough labour and enduranee. Milton. 
 
 Their fortitude was most admirable in their pre- 
 sence and endurance of all evils, of pain, and of 
 death. Temple. 
 
 3. State of suffering. 
 
 I would fain know whether that man takes a 
 rational course to preserve himself, who refiises 
 the endurance of these higher troubles, to secure 
 himself from a condition infinitely raore misera- 
 ble ? South. 
 
 4. Delay ; procrastination. Obsolete. 
 
 1 should have ta'en some pains to bring together 
 Yourself and your accusers, and have heard you, 
 Without endurance further. Shakesp. Henry Vlll. 
 
 To ENDU'RE. v. a, [endujrr, Fr. durare, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 .To bear ; lo sustain ; to support unbroken. 
 
 The hardness of bodies is caused chiefly by the 
 jejuneness of the spirits, and their imparity with 
 the tangible parts, wliicU make them not only 
 bard, but fragile, and less enduring of pressure. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure, 
 As might the strokes oTtwo such arms endure. I)ri/d. 
 
 2. To bear with patience. 
 
 So dear 1 love him, that with him all deaths 
 I could endure ; without him, live no life. Miluyn, 
 
 The gout haunts Ubuall_y the easy and t)ie rich, 
 the nice and the lazy, who grow to endure much, 
 because they can endure little. Temple. 
 
 By thine own tongue thou art condemn'd, and 
 must 
 Endure our law. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Taking into the city all such thnigs as they 
 thought needful for the enduring of the siege, they 
 destroyed all the rest. Knoltes's Hist. 
 
 3. To undergo ; to sustain. 
 
 I wish to die, jet dare not death endure. Dryd. 
 
 4. To continue in. Not used. 
 
 The deer ciidureth the womb but eight months, 
 and iscumplete at six years. Brown's Vnlg. Err, 
 
 To Endu're. v. n* 
 
 1. To last ; to remain ; to continue. 
 
 Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but 
 for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life. 
 
 John. 
 
 Doth the crown endure to every generation ? 
 
 Proverbs. 
 
 By being able to repeat measures of time, or 
 ideas of stated length of duration in our rainds, 
 we can imagine duration, where nothing does real- 
 ly endure or exist. Locke. 
 
 A. charm that shall to age endure 
 The mind benevolent and pure. Anon. 
 
 2. To brook ; to bear ; to admit. 
 
 For how can I endure to see the evil that shall 
 come unto my people? Or how can I gndure to 
 see the destruction of my kindred ? Esth. viii. 6. 
 Our great English jords could not endure that 
 any kings shoultfreigti in Ireland but themselves ; 
 nay, they could hardly endure that the crown of 
 England should have any power over them. 
 
 Davies. 
 Endu'rer. n.5, [from endureJ] 
 1. One that can bear or endure ; sustain- 
 er; sufferer. 
 
 E N £ 
 
 They are very valiant and hardy ; for the most 
 
 f>art great endurcrs of cold, labour', hunger, ajid ult 
 lardincss. Spenser. 
 
 2. Continuer; laster. 
 
 Endwise, adv. [ewrf and wwe.] Erectly; 
 uprightly ; on end. 
 
 A rude and unpolished America, peopled witli 
 slothful and naked Indians, living in pitiful huts 
 and cabbins, made of poles set endwise. 
 
 Ray oji the Creation. 
 
 To E'necate. r. a. [eneco, Lat.] To kill ; 
 to destroy. 
 
 Some plagues partake of such a pernicious de- 
 gree of malignity, that, in the manner of a most 
 presentaneous poison, they enecatc in two or three 
 hours, suddenly corrupting or extinguishing the 
 vital spirits. Harveu on the Plague. 
 
 E'nemy. w. 5. [ennemi, Fr. itthnicus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A piiblick foe. 
 
 All these statutes speak of English rebels and 
 Irish enemies, as if the Irish had never been in 
 condition of subjects, but always out of the pro- 
 tection of the law. 'Davies on Ireland. 
 
 The enemy thinks of raising threescore thou- 
 sand men for the next ^nmm^T, Addison on the War. 
 
 2. A private opponent ; an antagonist. 
 
 X say unto you, love your enemies. Matt. 
 
 3. Any one who regards another with ma- 
 levolence ; not a friend. 
 
 Kent in disguise, 
 Follow'd his enemy king, and did hira service 
 Improper for a slave. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 4. One that dislikes. 
 
 He that designedly uses ambiguities, ought to 
 Le looked on as an enermj to truth and knowledge. 
 
 Bold is the critick, who dares prove 
 These heroes were no friends to love j 
 And bolder he who dares aver. 
 That they were enemies to war. Prior, 
 
 5. [In theology.] The fiend ; the devil. 
 
 Defend us from the danger of the enemy. 
 
 Common Prayei . 
 EnERGE'TICK. adj, [lu^yv}rix.oq.] 
 
 1 . Forcible ; active ; vigorous; powerful in 
 effect ; efficacious. 
 
 These miasms entering the body, are not so 
 energetick as to venenate the entire mass of blood 
 in an instant. Harvey. 
 
 2. Operative ; active ; working ; not at rest. 
 
 If then we will conceive of God trulj', and, as 
 far as we can, adequately, "'c must look upun hira 
 not only as an eternal Being, but also as a Being 
 eternalfy energetick. Grew. 
 
 ENERGY. n,s, [Jn^na.] 
 
 1. Power not exerted in action. 
 
 They are not eiftctive of any^ thing, nor leave 
 no work behind them, but are energies merely ; for 
 their working upon mirrours, and places of echo, 
 flolh not alter any thing in those bodies. Bacon. 
 
 2. Force ; vigour; efficacy; influence. 
 
 Whether with particles of iieaveniy tire 
 The God of nature did his soul inspire ; 
 Or earth, but new divided from the sky. 
 And pliant still, retain'd th' ethereal energy. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 God thinketh with operation infinitely perfect, 
 with an omnipotent as well as an eternal energy. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 Beg the blessed Jesus to give an energy to your 
 imperfect prayers, by his most powerful interces- 
 sion. Smali-idge. 
 
 What but God ! 
 Inspiring God ! who, boundless spirit all. 
 And unremitting euergv. pervades. 
 Adjusts, sustains, ancf agitates the whole. Tfianwrnj. 
 
 3. Faculty ; operation. 
 
 Matter, though divided into the subtilest parts, 
 moved swiftly, is senseless and stupid, and makes 
 no approach to vital energy. ■R*'V- 
 
 How can concussion ot atoms beget sclf-conscl- 
 ousness, and powers and energies that we feci in 
 our minds ? Ucntleti. 
 
 E N J 
 
 4. Strength of expression ; force of signi- 
 fication ; spirit ; life. 
 
 Who did ever, in French authors, see 
 The cuiiipreheiisivc £iigli<)h enerf^y f Rotcommon. 
 
 Swift and reufly, and fumiliar cummunicatiuli 
 i^ made liy speech ; and, when aniniattd by elo- 
 cution, it HC(|uires a greater hfc and enersy, ra- 
 vishing and captivating the hearers. nobler. 
 
 Many wttrds deserve to be thrown out of out 
 language, and nfit a few anti(|uated to be restored, 
 on account of tlieir cnergij and sound. Hwift, 
 
 To Ene'rvate. v. a. [entrro, Lat.] To 
 weaken ; to deprive of force ; to emas- 
 culate. 
 
 Great empires, wliije they stand, do enervate 
 and destroy the forces of the natives wliicli they 
 have subdued, resting upoa their own protecting 
 forces. Bacon. 
 
 Shcppi>h fondness often enervates those who are 
 bred like fondlings at home. Locke. 
 
 On eacli enertatc string iliey taught the note. 
 To pant, or tremble through an eunuch's throat. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Footmen exercise themselves, w hiht tiieir CnCT' 
 vated lords are softly lulling in their chariots. 
 
 Arbiithtwt and Pupc. 
 
 Enerva'tion. n. s. [from enerve.] 
 
 1 . The act of weakening ; emasculation. 
 
 2. The state of being weakened; eflFemi- 
 nacy. 
 
 To Ene'rve. v. a. [enervo, Lat.] To 
 weaken ; to break the force of ; to 
 crush. 
 Vie shall be able to solve and enerve their force. 
 
 Digby. 
 Such object hath the pow'r to soft'n and tame 
 Severest temper, smooth the rugged'st brow, 
 Enerve, and with voluptuous hope dissolve. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To Enfa'mish. V. a. [from famish.] To 
 starve ; to famish ; to kill with hunger. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 To Enfee'ble. t'. a. [from Jeeble."] To 
 weaken ; to enervate ; to deprive of 
 strength. 
 
 I've belied a lady, 
 The princess of tiiis country ; and the air on't 
 Revengingly eiifeebles me. Shakesp. Cifmbeline- 
 
 My people are with sickness much enfeebled. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Much hath hell debas'd, and pain 
 Enfet'bt\i me, to what 1 was in heav'n ! Milton. 
 
 Some employ their time in affairs below ilie 
 dignity of their persons ; and being called by 
 God, or the republick, to bear great burdens, do 
 enfeeble their understandings by sordid and brutish 
 business. Tattle's "Rule of Liein^ Holy. 
 
 Sure, nature form'd rhe of lier softest mold. 
 Enfeebled ali my soul with tender passions. 
 Arid sunk me even below my own weak sex. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To ENFEOFF, i'. a. [feoffamenfum, low 
 Lat.] To invest with any dignities or 
 possessions. A law term. 
 
 If the eldest son enfeoff the second, reserving 
 homage, i.nd that honi'age p.ird, and then the se- 
 cond son dies without issue, it will descend lo the 
 oldest ,15 heir, and the seigniory is extinct Hale. 
 
 Enfe'offment. n. s. [from enfeoff'.] 
 
 1. The act of enfeoffing. 
 
 2. The instrument or deed by which one 
 is invested with possessions. 
 
 To Enfetter, v. a. [from fetter.] To 
 bind in fetters ; to enchain. Not in use. 
 
 His soul is so enfettcr'd to her love. 
 That she may make, unmake, do wbal the list. 
 
 .Simkesp. 
 
 ENFILADE. H. s. [Fr.] A strait pas- 
 sage ; any thing through which a right 
 line may be drawn. Military term. 
 
 623
 
 E N F 
 
 To Enfila'de. r.a. [from the noun.] To 
 pierce in a right line. 
 
 The avenues, being cut through Ihe wood in 
 
 right lines, were enfiladed by the Spanisli cannon. 
 
 Expedition to Curthagena. 
 
 To Enfi're. t'. a. [from^Vf.] To fire; to 
 set on fire ; to kindle. Ob.soIete. 
 
 So hard those Iieaveuly beauties be enjird, 
 As tliiiii;s divine, least passions do impress. 5/jeTWer. 
 
 To Enfo'rce. I', fl. [enj'oriir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To give strength to ; to strengthen ; to 
 invigorate. 
 
 2. To make or gain by force. 
 
 Tile idle strol^e, enforcing furious way. 
 Missing tlie mark of" his nnsailned sight. 
 Did fall to ground. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Soroetinies with lunatic bans, sometimes with 
 pray'rs 
 Enforce Ih'eir charity. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To put in act by violence. 
 
 Sker away as swift as stones 
 Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. Shakesp. 
 
 4. To instigate ; to provoke ; to urge on ; 
 to animate. 
 
 Fear gave her wings, and rage en/twc'd ray flight 
 I'hrough woods and plains. Fairy Queen. 
 
 If you knew to whom you shew this honour, 
 1 know you would be prouder of tlie work. 
 Than customary bounty can enforce you. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To urge with energy. 
 
 Ail revoke 
 Your ignorant election ; enforce his pride. 
 And his old hate to you. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 He prevailed with him, hy enforcing the ill con- 
 sequence of his refusal to take the office, which 
 would be interpreted to his dislike of the court. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 To avoid all appearance of disaffection, I have 
 taken care to inforce loyalty by an invincible ar- 
 gument. Swift. 
 
 6. To compel ; to constrain. 
 
 For competence of life I will allow you. 
 That lack of means enforce you not to fv'A.Shakesp. 
 
 A just disdain conceived by that queen, that so 
 wicked a rebel should prevail against her, did 
 move and almost enforce her to send over that 
 mighty army. Davies cm Ireland. 
 
 7. To press with a charge. Little used. 
 
 In this point charge him home, that he effects 
 Tyrannick pow'r : If he evade us there. 
 Enforce him with his envy to the people, 
 And that the spoils got on the Antiates 
 Was ne'er distributed. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 To Enfo'rce. v. 71. To prove; to evince; 
 to shew beyond contradiction. 
 
 Which laws in such case we must obey, unless 
 there be reason shewed, which may necessarily 
 enforce that the law of reason, or of God, dotli 
 enjoin the contrary. Hooker. 
 
 Enfo'rce. n.s. [&om force.] Power; 
 strength. Not used. 
 
 He now defies thee thrice to single fight, 
 As a petty enterprise of small enforce. Milton. 
 Enfo'rcedly. adv. [from enforce.] By 
 violence ; not voluntarily ; not sponta- 
 neously ; not by choice. 
 
 If thou did'st put this sow'r cold habit on, 
 ■To castigate thy pride, 'twere well, but thou 
 Dost it enforcedly : thoud'st courtier be, 
 Wert thou not beggar. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Enfo'rcement. n. s. [from enforce.] 
 
 1. An act of violence; compulsion; force 
 offered. 
 
 Confess 'twas hers, and by what rough enforcement 
 
 You got it from her. Shakesp. 
 
 He that contendeth against these enforcements, 
 
 may easdy master or resist them. Raleigh's History. 
 
 2. Sanction ; that which gives force to a law. 
 
 "The rewards and punishments of another life, 
 which the Almighty has established as the enforce- 
 
 E N G 
 
 ments of his law, are of weight enough to deter- 
 mine the choice. Locke. 
 
 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evidence. 
 
 The personal descent of God himself, and his 
 assumption of our flesh to iiis divinity, was an en- 
 forcement beyond alt the methods of wisdom that 
 were ever made use of in the world. Hammond. 
 4?, Pressing exigence. 
 
 I\Iore than I have said, 
 The leisure and enforcement of the time 
 Forbids to dwell on. Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 Enfo'rcer. 71. s. [from ejifoire.] Com- 
 peller ; one who effects by violence. 
 
 When a man tumbles a cylinder or roller down 
 an hill, 'tis certain that the man is ilie violent en- 
 forcer of the first motion of it. Hammond. 
 
 Enfo'uldred, adj\ [^rom foitdre, Fr.] 
 Mixed with lightning. Obsolete. 
 
 Heart cannot tliink what courage and what cries. 
 With foul enfouldrcd smoak aiul flashing fire, 
 The hell-bred beast throw forth unto the skies. 
 
 Fairy Queen, 
 
 To Enfra'nchise. v. a. [from franchise.] 
 
 1. To admit to the privileges of a freeman. 
 
 The English colonies, and some septs of tlie 
 lrisllr3^ enfranchised by special charters, were ad- 
 mitteii to the benefit of the laws. Davies. 
 
 Romulus was the natural parent of all those 
 people that were the first inhabitants of Rome, 
 or of those that were after incorporated and en- 
 franchised into that name, city, or government. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 2. To set free from slavery. 
 
 IMeUj forbearinc^ wine, come from drinking 
 healths to a draught at a meal ; and, lastly, to dis- 
 continue altogether ; but if a man liave the forti- 
 tude and resolution to enfranchise himseif at once, 
 that is the best. Bacon^s Essays. 
 
 If they won a battle, prisoners became slaves, 
 and continued so in their generations, unless en- 
 franchised by their masters. Temple. 
 
 3. To free or release from custody. 
 
 His mistress 
 Did hold his eyes lockt in her crystal looks. 
 — Belike, that now she hath enfranchisd them. 
 Upon some other pawn for fealty. Shaketp. 
 
 4. To denizen ; to endenizen. 
 
 These words have been enfranchised amongst us. 
 
 Watts. 
 EnfrVnchisement. n. s, [from enfran- 
 chise.'] 
 
 1. Investiture of the pnvileges of a denizen. 
 
 The incorporating a man into any society, or 
 body politick. For example, he that is by char- 
 ter made denizen of England, is said to be en- 
 franchised ; and so is he that is made a citizen of 
 London, or other city, or burgess of any town 
 corporate, because he is made partaker of those 
 liberties that appertain to the corporation, Cowel. 
 
 His coming hither hath no farther scope, 
 Than for his lineal royalties, and to beg 
 Enfranchisement immediate on his knees. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Release from prison or from slavery. 
 
 Never did captive with a freer heart 
 Cast off his chains of bondage, and embrace 
 His golden uncontrotil'd ejifranchisement. Shakesp. 
 
 Enfro'zen. pardcip. [from froze?i.] Con- 
 gealed with cold. Not used. 
 
 Yet to augment tlie anguish of my smart, 
 Thou hast enfrozen her disdainful breast, 
 That no one drop of pity there doth rest. Spemer. 
 To ENGA'GE. v. a, [engager, Fr.] 
 1. To make liable for a debt to a creditor. 
 
 I have enga^'d m^ self to a dear friend, 
 Engng'd my friend tu his mere enemy. 
 To feed my means, Shakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 •2. To impawn ; to stake. 
 
 They most perfidiously condemn 
 Those that engag'd their lives for them. Hudibras. 
 
 3. To enlist ; to bring into a party. 
 
 All wicked men aj-e of a party against religion : 
 some lust or inlereirt engageth them against it. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 E N G 
 
 4. To embark in an affair. 
 
 So far had we engaged ourselves, unfortunate 
 souls, that we listed not to complain, since our 
 coiiiplaints could not but carry the greatest accu- 
 sation to ourselves. Sidney. 
 
 Before I engage myself in giving any answer to 
 this objection of inconsunipiible fights, I would 
 see the effect certainly averred. F>igby. 
 
 5. To unite ; to attach ; to make adherent. 
 
 Good-nature engages every body to him. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 6. To induce ; to win by pleasing means ; 
 to gain. 
 
 To ev'ry duty he could minds engage, 
 Provoke their courage, and command their rage. 
 
 WaUer. 
 
 His beauty these, and those his blooming age. 
 The rest his house and his own fame engage. Dryd. 
 
 Srj shall 1 court thy dearest truth, 
 Wlien beauty ceases to engage ; 
 
 So thinking on thy charming youth, 
 I'll love it o'er again in age. Prior, 
 
 7. To bind by any appointment or contract 
 
 We have been firm to our allies, without de- 
 clining any expence to which we had engaged our- 
 selves, and we have even exceeded our engage- 
 ment. Atterbury. 
 
 8. To seize by the attention ; as, he was 
 deeply engaged in conversation. 
 
 9. To employ ; to hold in business. 
 
 For I shall sing of battles, blood, and rage, 
 Wliich princes and their people did engage. Dryd. 
 
 10. To encounter ; to fight. 
 
 The rebel knave, who dares his prince engage. 
 Proves the just victim of his royal rage. rope. 
 
 To Enga'ge. v. n, 
 
 1. To conflict ; to fight. 
 
 Upon advertisement of the Scots army, the earl 
 of Holland was sent with a body to meet and en- 
 ^o^ewithit. Clarendon. 
 
 2. To embark in any business ; to enlist in 
 any party. 
 
 'Tis not indeed my talent to engage 
 In lofty trifles, or to swell my page 
 With wind and noise. Dryden's Permit. 
 
 Enga'gement. n. s. [from engage ; en- 
 gagement, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of engaging, impawning, or 
 making liable to a debt. 
 
 2. Obligation by contract. 
 
 We have, in expence, exceeded our engage- 
 ments. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Adherence to a party or cause ; partiality. 
 
 This practice may be obvious to any who im- 
 partially, and without engagement, is at the paiiis 
 to examine. Swift, 
 
 4. Employment of the attention. 
 
 Play, either by our too constant or too long en- 
 gagement in it, becomes like an employment or 
 profession. Pagers. 
 
 5. Fight ; conflict ; battle. A word very 
 poetical. 
 
 Our army, led by valiant Torrismond, 
 Is now in hot engagement with the Moors. Dryden. 
 
 Encourag'd by despair, or obstinate 
 To fall like men in arms, some dare renew 
 Feeble engagement, meeting glorious fate 
 On the firm land. Philips. 
 
 6. Obligation ; motive. 
 
 This is the greatest engagement not to forfeit an 
 opportuiiity. Hammond. 
 
 To Enga'ol. u. fl. [from gaol,] To im- 
 prison , to confine. 
 
 Within my mouth you have engaoVd my tongue. 
 Doubly portcullis'd with my teetn and lips. Shak. 
 
 To Enga'rrison. ti. a. [from garrison.] 
 To protect by a garrison. 
 
 Neptune with a guard doth engarrison her 
 strongly. Homel. 
 
 To Enge'nder. v,a, [engendrer, Fr.] 
 1. To beget between different sexes, 
 
 624
 
 E N G 
 
 Thii bastard love is engendered betwixt lust and 
 idleness. Sidney. 
 
 2. Tcv produce ; to form. 
 
 Ob nature ! thou, w lio of llie self-same mettle. 
 Whereof thy proud child, arrogant man, is putl't, 
 Engender'st the black toad and adder blue. Shuk. 
 
 A"ain, if souls do other souls beget, 
 'Tis Dy themselves, or Ity the body's pow'r ; 
 
 If by themselves, wluit doth their working let. 
 But they might souls engender ev'ry hour ? Davks. 
 
 3. To e.xcite ; to cause ; to produce. 
 
 Say, can you fabl ? Ynur stomachs are too young, 
 And abstinence cjigciKters maladies. Hhahesp. 
 
 The presence of a king engt-nders love 
 Amongst his subjects and his loyal friends. Shak. 
 
 That engenders thunder in his breast. 
 And makes him roar tiiesc accusations forth. Shah. 
 
 It unloads tlie mind, engenders thoughts, and 
 animates virtue. Addison. 
 
 4. To bring forth. 
 
 Vice engenders shame, and folly broods o'er grief. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To Enge'nder. v. n. To be caused; to 
 be produced. 
 
 Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender 
 there. Dryden. 
 
 E'NGINE. n.s. [engin, Fr. i/igegno, Ital.] 
 
 1. Any mechanical complication, in which 
 various movements and parts conciu- to 
 one effect. 
 
 2. A militar)' machine. 
 
 This is our engine, towers that overthrows ; 
 Our spear that hurts, our sword that wounds our 
 foes. Faiif. 
 
 3. Any instrument. 
 
 The sword, the arrow, the gun, with many ter- 
 rible engines of death, will be well cra|jIoyed. 
 
 Baleigh 
 
 He takes the scissars, and extends 
 The little engine on his fingers ends. Pope. 
 
 4. Any instrument to throw water upon 
 burning liouses. 
 
 Some cut the pipes, and some the engines play ; 
 And some, more bold, mouiit ladders to the fire. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 5. Any means used to bring to pass, or to 
 effect. Usually in an ill sense. 
 
 Prayer must he divine and heavenly', which the 
 devil with all his engines so violently opposclh. 
 
 Dnppa^s Rules for Devotion. 
 
 6. An agent for another. In contempt. 
 
 1 hey had th' especial engines been, to rear 
 His fortunes up into the state they were. Daniel. 
 
 Engin'eek. n.s. [ingaikur, Fr.] One 
 who manages engines ; one who directs 
 the artillery of any army. 
 
 For 'tis the sport to have the engineer 
 Hoist with his own petard. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Hiui thus enrag'd. 
 Descrying from afar, some engineer, 
 Dext'rous to "uide th' unerring charge, design'd, 
 By one nice sbot, to terminate the war. Philips. 
 
 All author, who points his satire at a great man, 
 is like the engineer wlio signalized himself by this 
 ungenerous practice. Addison. 
 
 E'nginery. ti. s. [from engine.^ 
 
 1, Tiie act of managing artillery. 
 
 They may descend in mathematicks to fortifica- 
 tion, architecture, enginery, or navigation. Milton. 
 
 2. Engines of war j artillery. 
 
 We saw the foe 
 Approaching, gross and huge, in hollow cube 
 Training his dev'lish enginery. Milton. 
 
 To Engi'rd. II. a. [from gird.] To en- 
 
 to en- 
 
 circle ; to surround ; to environ ; 
 compass. 
 
 My heart is drown'd with grief. 
 My bodj^ round engirt with misery ; 
 For what's more miserable than discontent ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 That gold must round engirt these brows of 
 
 mine. ihakesp. 
 
 Vol. 1. 
 
 E N G 
 
 E'NGLISH. adj. [en^lep Sax.] Belong, 
 ing to England ; thence English is the 
 language of England. 
 
 He hath neither Latin, French, nor Italian ; and 
 you may come into the court, and swear that I 
 have a poor pennyworth in the English, Shakesp. 
 
 0( English Uilc, the coarser sort is called plais- 
 tcr, or parget ; the finer, spoad. Woodward. 
 
 To E'nglish. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 translate into Ennlish. 
 
 The hollow instrument terebra, we may cnglish 
 
 piercer. Bacon. 
 
 We find not a word in the text can properly be 
 
 rendered anise, wliich is wliat the Latins call anc- 
 
 thtim, and properly engliahed dill. Brown. 
 
 To Englut. v. fl. [englouth\ Fr.] 
 
 I. To swallow up. It is now little used 
 
 in any sense. 
 
 Neither my place, nor ouebt I licard of business, 
 Hath rais'd me from my bed ; nor duth the ge- 
 neral 
 Take hold on me : for ray particular grief 
 En^luts and swallows other sorrows. Shakesp. 
 
 Certainly, tliou art so near the gulf. 
 Thou needs must be englutted. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 Hownianyprodigal bits have slaves and peasants 
 This n'ltiht englutted ! Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 2. To fill. 
 
 Whose grieved minds, wliich choler did englut. 
 Against tliemselves turning their wrathful spiglit. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 3. To glut ; to pamper. 
 
 Being once englutud witli vanity , he will straight- 
 way loath all learning. Aschanis Schoolmaster. 
 
 To Engo're. v. a. [from gore.l To 
 pierce ; to prick. Not used. 
 
 As savage bull, whom two fierce mastiffs bait. 
 When rancour doth with rage him once engore. 
 Forgets with wary ward tliem to await. 
 But with his dreadful horns them drives afore. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 To Engo'rge. V. a. [from gorge, Fr. a 
 throat.] To swallow; to devour; to 
 gorge. 
 
 Then fraught with rancour and engorged ire. 
 He cast at once hira to avenge for all. Spenser. 
 
 That is the gulf of greediness, they say. 
 That deep engorgeth all this world is pre^". Spcns. 
 
 To Engo'rge. v. ti. To devour; to feed 
 with eagerness and voracity ; to riot. 
 
 Greedily she engorg'd without restraint. 
 And knew not eating death i Milton s Par. Lost. 
 To Engra'il. V, a. [from grele, Fr. 
 hail.] To variegate; to spot as with 
 hail. A word now used only in heraldry, 
 for to indent in curve lines. 
 
 .^acides then shews 
 A long lance, and a caldron, new, en^ai/'d with 
 twenty hues. Chnpman's Iliads. 
 
 Polwheel bcareth a faultier ejigrail d Careu-. 
 
 To Engra'in. v. a. [fi-om grain.] To 
 die deep ; to die in grain. 
 
 See thou how fresh my ti»wers being spread. 
 Dyed in lilie white and crimson red, 
 A\ ith leaves engrain d in lust^' green. Spenser. 
 
 To Engrapple. v. a. [from grapple] 
 To close with; to contend with hold on 
 each other. 
 
 There shall young Hotspur, with a fury led, 
 Engrapple with tliy son, as fierce as he. Daniel. 
 To Engra.sp. v. a. [from grasp.] To 
 seize ; to hold fast in the liand ; to gripe. 
 
 Now 'gan Pyroclcs wax as wood as he, 
 And hira atiroiited with impatient might ; 
 And both together fierce engrasped he. 
 Whiles Guyon standing by, tueir uncouth strife 
 does see. Spenser. 
 
 To Engea've. I', a. preter. engraved ; 
 part pass, engraved or engraven, [en- 
 graver, Fr.] 
 
 £ X G 
 
 . To picture by incisions in any matter. 
 
 Her ivory forehead, full of bounty brave, 
 Like a broad table, did itself di«i)rcad, 
 
 For love liis lofty Iriumplis to engrail. 
 And write the battle of his great godhead. 
 
 Eatry Q,ueen. 
 
 O'er all, tlic hcav'n's refulgent image bhines ; 
 On eitlicr gale were six engraven &igQ&. Addistm. 
 
 Names fresh engravd appear'd of wits renown'd ; 
 I look'd again, nor could their trace be found. 
 
 Ftrpt. 
 
 , To mark wood or stone. 
 
 Engraie the two stones with the names. 
 
 Ex. ixviii. u. 
 . To impress deeply ; to imprint. 
 
 It will scarce seem possible, that God should en- 
 grave principles, in men's miuds, in words of un- 
 certain signification. Eocke. 
 Our Saviour makes this return, fit to be fTi- 
 gravcn in the hearts of ail promoters of charity. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 Sounds which address the car, arc lost and die 
 In one short Iiour; but that wltich strikes the eve. 
 Lives long upon the mind : the failliful si^ht 
 Engraves the knowledge witli a beam of light. 
 
 Watts. 
 4. [from gravel ^^ l^ur}'; to inhume; 
 to inter. 
 
 The son had charge of thero, now being dead. 
 In sccralv sort their corses to engrave. 
 And dccL with dainty flowers their bridal bed. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Engra'ver. n. s, [from engravt,] A 
 cutter in stone or otlier matter. 
 
 Images are not made in the brain itself, as the 
 pencil of a painter or engraver makes the iniage<> 
 in the table, but are imprinted in a wonderful 
 method in the soul. Hale. 
 
 To Engrie've. r. a. [from grieveJ] To 
 pain ; to vex ; to afflict ; to disconsolate. 
 
 The gnawing anguish, and sharp jealousy, 
 AVhich his sad speech infixed in my breast. 
 
 Rankled so sore, and fester'd inwardly, 
 That ojy engi-ieved mind could find no rest. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Aches, and hurts, and cords, do t/iFfitVe either 
 towards rain, or towards frost. Bacon s Xat. Hist. 
 
 To Engro'ss. t\ a. [grossir, Fr,] 
 
 1. To thicken ; to make thick. 
 But more happy he than wise, 
 
 Of that sea's nature did him not avise ; 
 The waves thereof so slow and sluggish were, 
 Engross'd with mud, wliich did them foul agriese, 
 That every weighty thing they did upbear. 
 
 fairy Queen. 
 
 2. To increase in bulk. 
 
 Though pillars, by channeling, be seemingly 
 engTflssid to our sight, 3'et they are truly weakened 
 in themselves. Wott<m. 
 
 3. To fatten : to plimap up. 
 
 Not sleeping, to engross his idle body ; 
 But praying, to enrich his watchful soul. Shakesp. 
 
 4. To seize in the gross ; to seize the whole 
 of any thiug. 
 
 If thou engrossest all the griefs as tlitoe. 
 Thou robb'st me of a moiety. Shakesp. 
 
 Those two great things that so engross the de- 
 sires and designs of both tiie nobler and ignobler 
 sort of mankind, are to be found in religion ; 
 namely, wisdom and pleasure. South, 
 
 A dog, a parrot, or an ape, 
 Or some worse brute in human shape, 
 Engross the fancies of the fair. Stcifi. 
 
 5. To purchase the Avhole of any conmio- 
 dity for the sake of selling at a high 
 price. 
 
 0. To co2>y in a large hand. 
 
 Here is th' indictment of tlie good lord Hastings, 
 ^Vhich in a set hand fairly is engross'd. iihakesp. 
 
 A clerk, foredoom'd his father's soul to cross, 
 ^Vlio pens a stanza when he should etigrois. Pope. 
 
 Engrosser. 7*. s. [from engross.] He 
 that purchases large quantities of any 
 
 4L 
 
 d2&
 
 E N I 
 
 commodity, in order to sell it at a high 
 price. 
 
 A new sort of engrossers, or forestallers, having 
 tlie feeding and supplj'ing this numerous body of 
 workmen in the woollen manufactures, out of 
 their warehouses, set the price upon the poor 
 landhoMer Locke. 
 
 Engro'ssment. n. s. [from engross.] 
 Appropriation of things in the gross ; 
 exorbitant acquisition. 
 Our tliiglis are pacli't with wax, our mouths 
 with liuney : 
 We bring it to the hive ; and, lilie the bees, 
 Are murder'd for our pains ! This bitter taste 
 Yi_eld his cns;rossments to tlie dying father. Shakesp. 
 Those held tlieir immoderate engrossments of 
 power and favour by no other tenure than pre- 
 sumption. Swift. 
 
 To Engua'rd. v. a. [from guard.] To 
 protect ; to defend ; to surround as 
 guards. IS'ot used. 
 
 A liundred knights! yes, that on ev'ry dream 
 He may engimrd liis dotage with their pow'rs. 
 And hold cjur lives at mercy. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 To Enha'nce. v. a. [hausser, enhausser, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1 . To lift up ; to raise on high. A sense 
 now obsolete. 
 
 Both of them high at once their hands enhanced, 
 
 And both at once their huge blows down did 
 
 _s«ray. Spenser. 
 
 2. To raise ; to advance : to heighten in 
 price. 
 
 The desire of money is every where the same : 
 its vent varies very little, but as its greater scar- 
 city enhances its price, and increases the scramble. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 S. To raise in esteem. 
 
 What is it but the experience of want that en- 
 hances the value of plenty ? L'Estran<'e. 
 The remembrance of the difficulties we now 
 undergo, will contribute to enhance our pleasure. 
 
 Atterburii. 
 4. To aggravate ; to increase from bad to 
 worse. 
 
 To believe or pretend that whatever our hearts 
 incite is the will of God within us, is the principle 
 of villany that hath acted in the children of dis- 
 obedience, enhanced and improved with circum- 
 stances of greater impudence than the most abo- 
 minable heathens were guilty of. Hammond. 
 
 The relation which those children bore to the 
 priesthood, contributed to enhance their guilt, and 
 increase their puiiishmect. Atterburi/. 
 
 Enha'ncement. n. s. [from enhance.] 
 
 1. Encrease ; augmentation of value. 
 
 Their yearly rents are not improved, the land- 
 lords making no less gain by fines than by en- 
 hancement of rents. Bacon. 
 
 2. Aggravation ; increase of ill. 
 
 Jocular slanders have, from the slightness of the 
 temptation, an enhancement of guilt. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 ENI'GMA. n. s. [anigma, Lat. amyna.] 
 
 A riddle ; an obscure question ; a position 
 
 expressed in remote and ambiguous 
 
 terms. 
 
 The dark enigma will allow 
 A meaning ; which, it well I understand, 
 from sacniege will free the god's command. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A custom was amongst the ancients of propos- 
 ing an enigma at festivals, and adjudging a reward 
 to him that solved it. Pope. 
 
 Enigma'tical. adj. [from enigma.] 
 1. Obscure; ambiguously or darkly ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 Your answer, sir, is enigmatical. Sliakesp. 
 
 Enigmatical deliveries comprehend useful veri- 
 ties ; Tint being mistaken by liberal expositors at 
 first, they have been misunderstood by most since. 
 Broum's Vulg. Err. 
 
 E N J 
 
 Whilst they affect enigtnntical obscurity, they 
 puzzle the readers of their divulged processes. 
 
 Boyle. 
 Athena?us gives instances of tlie enigmatical pro- 
 positions in use at Athens, and of the forfeitures 
 and rewards upon the solution or nonsolution. 
 
 Broome^s Notes on the Odyssey. 
 2. Cloudy ; obscurely conceived or appre- 
 hended. 
 
 Faith liere is the assent to those things which 
 come to us by liearing, and are so believed by ad- 
 herence, or dark enigmatical knowledge, but here- 
 after are seen or known demonstratively. 
 
 Hamynond. 
 
 Enigma'tically. adv. [from enigma.] 
 In a sense different from that which the 
 words in their familiar acceptation im- 
 ply. 
 
 Homer speaks enigmatically, and intends that 
 these monsters are merely the creation of poetry. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 Eni'gmatist. n. s. [from enigma.] One 
 who deals in obscure and ambiguous 
 matters ; maker of riddles. 
 
 That I may deal more ingenuously with my 
 reader than the abovementioned enigmatist has 
 dune, I shall present him with a key to m^' riddle. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To ENJO'IN. D. a. [enjoindre, Fr.] To 
 direct; to order; to prescribe. It is 
 more authoritative than direct, and less 
 imperious than command. 
 
 To satisfy the good old man, 
 I would bend unHer any heavy weight 
 That he'll enjoin me to. Shakesp. Much Ado. 
 
 JMonks and philosophers, and such as do conti- 
 nually enjoin themselves. Bacoiis Kat. Hist. 
 
 It endeavours to secure every man's interest, by 
 enjoining that truth and fidelity be inviolably pre- 
 served. Tillotson. 
 
 Enjo'iner. w. s. [from enjoi7i.] One 
 who gives injutictions. Diet. 
 
 Enjo'inment. n. s. [from enjoin.] Di- 
 rection ; command. 
 
 Critical trial should be made by publick erijoin- 
 ment, whereby determination might be settled be- 
 yond debate. Brown's Vulg. Eit. 
 
 To ENJO'Y. 11. a. [jouir, enjouir, Fr.] 
 J . To feel or perceive with pleasure ; to 
 have a pleasing sense of ; to be delight- 
 ed with. 
 
 I could enjoy the pangs of death, 
 And smile in agony. Addison's Cato. 
 
 2. To obtain possession or fruition of. 
 
 Edward the saint, in whom it pleased God, 
 righteous and just, to let England see what a 
 blessing sin and iniquity would not suti!'er it to 
 enjoy. Hooker. 
 
 He, who, to enjoy 
 Plato's elysium, ieap'd into" the sea, 
 Cleonibrotus. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. To please; to gladden; to exhilarate ; 
 to glad ; to delight. This sense is usual 
 with the reciprocal pronoun, and is de- 
 rived from enjouir. 
 
 Creatures are made to enjoy Uiemselves, as well 
 as to serve us. Moi-e. 
 
 When a man shall, with a sober, sedate, diabo- 
 lical rancour, look upon and ejyoy himself in the 
 sight of his neighbour's sin and shame, can he 
 plead the instigation of any appetite in nature ? 
 
 South. 
 
 To Enjo'y. v. n. To live in liappiness. 
 
 Then I shall be no more ! 
 And Adam, wedded to another Eve, 
 Shall live with her enjoying, 1 extinct. Milton. 
 
 Enjo'yer. n. s. [{rom enjoi/.] One that 
 has fruition or possession. lyict. 
 
 Enjo'yment. n. s. [from enjoy.] Plea- 
 sure ; happiness ; fruition. 
 
 E N L 
 
 His hopes and expectations are bigger than his 
 enjoyments. Tilkilion. 
 
 To Enki'ndle. v. a. [from kindle.] 
 
 1. To set on fire ; to inflame ; to put in a 
 flame. 
 
 Edmund, enkindle all the sparks of nature 
 
 To quit this horrid act. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. To rouse passions ; to set the soul into 
 a flame. 
 
 Your hand 
 Gave sign for me to leave you : so 1 did. 
 Fearing to strengthen that impatience. 
 Which seein'd too much enkindled. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To incite to any act or hope. 
 
 Do you not hope your children shall be kings. 
 When those who gave the thane of Cawder to me, 
 Promis'd no less to tlicm ? 
 
 Tliat, trusted home. 
 
 Might yet enkindle you unto the crown. Shakesp. 
 
 To Enlarge, v. a. [enlargir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To make greater in quantity or appear- 
 ance. 
 
 The wall, in lustre and eflfect like glass, 
 ■VVhich o'er each object casting various dyes, 
 Enlarges some, and others muRiplies. Pojie. 
 
 2. To increase any thing in magnitude ; 
 to extend. 
 
 Where there is something both lasting and 
 scarce, and so valuable to oe hoarded up, there 
 men will not be apt to enlarge their possessions of 
 land. Locke. 
 
 3. To encrease by representation ; to mag- 
 nify ; to exaggerate. 
 
 4. To dilate ; to expand. 
 
 O ye Corinthians, our mouth is open unto yon, 
 our heart is enlarged. 2 Cm: vi. 11. 
 
 5. To set free from limitation. 
 
 Though she appear honest to ine, yet at other 
 places she enlargeth her mirlh so far, tliat there is 
 shrewd consliuction made of her. Shakesp. 
 
 6. To extend to more purposes or uses. 
 
 It hath grown from no other root than only a 
 desire to enlarge the necessary use of the worciof 
 God, which desire hath begotten an errour, enlarg- 
 ing it farther than soundness of truth will bear. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 7. To amplify ; to aggrandise. 
 
 This is that science which would truly enlarge 
 men's minds, were it studied. ^ Locke. 
 
 Could the mind, as in number, come to so 
 small a part of extension or duration as excluded 
 divisibility, that would be the indivisible unit, or 
 idea ; by repetition of which it would make its 
 more enlarged ideas of extension and duration. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 8. To release from confinement. 
 
 Enlarge the man committed yesterday, 
 That rail'd against our person. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 9. To diffuse in eloquence. 
 
 They enlarged themselves upon this subject 
 with all the invidious insinuations they could" de- 
 vise. Clarendon. 
 
 To Enlarge, v. n. 
 
 1. To expatiate ; to speak in many words. 
 
 They appointed the chancellor of the Exche- 
 quer to enlarge upon any of those particulars. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Thisisatheme so unpleasant, I delight not to 
 e?i/ar^e on it ; rather wisn the memory of it were 
 extinct. Decay of Piety. 
 
 2. To be further extended. 
 
 The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which 
 was in a fair way to have enlarged, until they ft'll 
 out among themselves. Raleigh. 
 
 Enla'rgement. n. s. [from enlarge.] 
 i. Encrease; augmentation; farther ex- 
 tension. 
 
 The king afterwards enlarged the constant obe- 
 dience of the city with enlargement both of liber- 
 ties and of revenues. Hayward. 
 
 626
 
 E N L 
 
 The ocean, which so long our hopes confin'd, 
 Could give no limits to his vaster mind : 
 Our hounds enLirgement was his latest toil, 
 
 Kor hath he left us pris'ners to our isle. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 There never were any islands, or otlier Ct'U>i- 
 derable parcels of land, amassed or hea()cd up ; 
 nor any enlargenwnt, or addition of earlli, m du 
 to the' continent by the mud that is carried dnwn 
 ijilo the sea by rivers. \{ ooduvrd. 
 
 The cominuns in Home generally pursued ilie 
 enlargement of their puwer by more set quarreU of 
 one entire assembly aaainst another. Suijt. 
 
 The Greek tongue received many eniargemrnts 
 between the time of Homer and that of Plutarcli. 
 
 Su'if't. 
 
 2. Release from confinement or servitude. 
 
 Lieulenaiit, 
 At our enlargement what are thy due fees ? 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 If thou hoWest thy peace at the time, tlien shall 
 
 tlicir enlargement and deliTerance arise to the Jews 
 
 from another place. Esther, iv. 14. 
 
 3. Ma^nifyiniir representation. 
 
 And all nlio told it, added something new ; 
 And all who licard it, made enlargements too. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. Expatiatin<T speech ; copious discourse. 
 He concluded with an enlargement upon the 
 
 vices and corruptions which were got into the 
 army. Clarendon. 
 
 Enlarger. 7t. s. [from enlarge.'] Am- 
 plifier ; one that encreases or dilates any 
 thins^, 
 
 \\csh;dl not contentiousiy rejoin, but confer 
 what is iu us untu his name and honour, ready to 
 be swallowed in any worthy enlarger. 
 
 Broim. 
 
 To Enli'ght. v. a. [from light,] To 
 illuminate ; to supply with light ; to en- 
 lighten. 
 
 Wit from the first has shone on ages past, 
 Enlights tlie present, and shall warm the last. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Enli'ghtex. r. a, [from light.] 
 
 1. To illuminate ; to supply vilh light. 
 
 God will enlighten my darkness. Psalms. 
 
 As the sun shinelh to the whole world, so there 
 is no faith but this one published, the brightness 
 whereof must enlighten ail lh»tcome ti the know- 
 ledge of the tri:th. Hooker. 
 
 2. To quicken in the faculty of vision. 
 
 His eyes were enUghtentd. Sam. 
 
 Love never fails to master wliat he finds ; 
 The fool enlightens, and tlie wise he blinds. Dryd. 
 
 3. To instruct; to furnish with encrease 
 of knowledge. 
 
 This dtictrine is so agreeable to reason, that we 
 meet with it in the writings of the enlightened 
 heathens. ^ Spectatoi\ 
 
 'T'ls he who enlightens our understanding, cor- 
 rects our wills, and enables us to subdue our af- 
 fections to the law of God. Hogers. 
 
 4. To cheer ; to exhilarate ; to gladden. 
 
 5. To illuminate uith divine knowledge. 
 
 Those who were once enlightened. Ihbrews. 
 
 Enu'ghtener. n. s. [from enlighttn.] 
 
 1. niuminator ; one that gives light. 
 
 O, sent from heav'n, 
 Enlight'ner of my darkness ! gracious things 
 Thou hast reveal'd. Miitim's Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. Instructor. 
 
 To Enli'nk. v. a. [from link.] To chain 
 to; to connect. 
 
 Enlinht to waste and desolation. Shak. Hen. V. 
 
 To Enliven, v. a. [from life, live.] 
 
 1. To make quick ; to make alive; to ani- 
 mate. 
 
 2. To make vigorous or active. 
 
 These great orbs thus radically bright, 
 Primitive fwunts and origins of light, 
 Eniivcn worlds denied to human sight Prior. 
 
 E N N 
 
 In a glass-bouse the workmen often fling in a 
 small quantity of fresh coals, which secra> to dis- 
 turb tiic (ire, "but very much enlivens it. 5tri/f. 
 
 3. To niiike spviglitly or vivacious. 
 
 4. To make gay or cheerful in appearance. 
 Enli'vf.ner. n. s. [from niliitn.] That 
 
 which animates ; that which puts in mo- 
 tion ; that which invigorates. 
 
 liut tire, th' cnliveiicr u{ the j^eiieral frame, 
 Is one, its ijperalitiii .still the same ; 
 Its ))riliciple is in itself; while mirs 
 Work?*, as coitfrd^raivs war, with niiii^iled pow'rs. 
 
 Dri/'ieii. 
 To Enlu'minf.. !>. n. [enluminer, I'r.] 
 To illumine ; to illuminate ; to enlighten. 
 Not in use. 
 
 For havin{» yet, m his deducted snrii;ht. 
 Some sparks reni.tinin^ of tliat heav iilv fire. 
 
 He is e«/»mi;i'<f with that goodly- hj;lit. 
 Unto like goodly semblance to aspire. Sftenser. 
 E'nmitt. 77. s. [from enemy; as if ene- 
 
 mitt/, inamili/.] 
 1. Unfriendly disposition; malevolence; 
 aversion. 
 
 Their being forced to their books, iit an age at 
 
 enmity with all restraint, has been the reason why 
 
 many nave bated hooks. Locke. 
 
 •2. Contrariety of interests or inclinations ; 
 
 mutual malignity. 
 
 Tliev shall within this hour, 
 On a dissention of a doit break out 
 In bitterest enmity. Shakesp. Corititanus. 
 
 Between thee and the woman I will put 
 F.nmity ; and between thine and her seed : 
 Her seed shall bruise thy head, thou bruise his heel. 
 
 Milton. 
 How far those controversies, and appearing 
 enmities of those glorious creatures, may be car- 
 ried, is not my business to shew or determine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. State of opposition. 
 
 Know ye not tliat tlie friendship of the world 
 is enmitii with God? Jam. iv. 4. 
 
 Vou must firmly be convinced, that every sin 
 you commit sets you at enmity with heaven, and 
 will, if not forsaken, render you incapable of it. 
 
 TlaAe. 
 
 4. Malice ; mischievous attempts. 
 
 I abjure all roofs, and chuse 
 
 To wage aganist the fnmity o' th' air. Shakesp. 
 
 He who performs bis duty in a station (pf great 
 
 power, must needs incur the utter enmity of many, 
 
 and the high displeasure of more. Atterbury. 
 
 To Enma'rble. r. a. [from tnarhle.] 
 To turn to mai-ble ; to harden. Obso- 
 lete. 
 
 Their dying to delay. 
 Thou do'st enmarble the nroud heart of ber, 
 \Vhosc love before their life they do prefer. Spenser. 
 To Enme'sh. r. a. [from mesh.] To net ; 
 to entangle ; to entrap. 
 
 So will I turn her virtue into pitch ; 
 And out of lier own goodness make the net 
 That shall enmesh them all. Shak. Othello. 
 
 Ty Enpie'rce. r. o. [from fierce] To 
 transfix. 
 
 I am too sore enpierced with his shaft 
 To soar with his light feathers. Sliakesp. 
 
 Enne'agoN. 71. s. [iftix and yutia.'] A 
 
 figure of nine angles. 
 Ennea'tical. adj. [?»>!«.] Enneatical 
 
 (lays, are every ninth day of a sickness ; 
 
 and enneatical years, e\ery ninth year 
 
 of one's lite. 
 To Enno'ble. r. a. [enjioblir, Fr.] 
 1 . To raise from commonalty to nobility. 
 Many fair promotions 
 
 Are given daily to ennoble those. 
 
 That scarce some two days sincewere worth a noble. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 E N O 
 
 2. To dignify; to aggrandise; to exalt, 
 to raise. 
 
 God raised up the spirit of this great person, 
 and ennobled his courage and conduct with the 
 entire uvcrtlirow of tliia might j hust. Sttuth. 
 
 \\ hat can ennoble sot*, or slaves, or coward* f 
 Alas ! not all the blood of all the Howards. Pope. 
 
 3. To elevate ; to magnify. 
 
 None so lovflv, >«fct and fair. 
 Or do more ennoble love. Waller. 
 
 4. To make famous or illustrions. 
 
 The Spaniards cuuld not as invaders land in 
 Ireland, luit unly ennobled some of ihu coasts 
 ttieretif, with shipwrecks. Bacmi. 
 
 Enno'blement. n. s. [from enncbU.] 
 
 1 . The act of raising to the rank of nobi- 
 lity. 
 
 He added, durins parliament, to his former 
 creaiions, the ennoblement or advancement in no- 
 bility of a few others. Bacon. 
 
 2. Exaltaiion ; elevation ; dignity, 
 
 I'lic eternal wisdom enriched us with ail en- 
 noblements, suitable to the measures of an unslrait- 
 ned goodness. GtaniriUe. 
 
 Enoda'tiok. n. s. [enodatio, Lat.] 
 
 1, The act of untying a knot. 
 
 2. Solution of a ditficulty. Diet. 
 Eno'rmity. n, s. [from enormous.] 
 
 1. Deviation from rule ; irregularity, 
 
 2. Deviation from right ; depravity ; cor- 
 ruption, 
 
 '>Ve shall speak of the particular abusesand en(>r- 
 mities of t)ie government. Spens. State of IreUiud. 
 
 That this law will be alwa^'s sufficient to bridle 
 or restrain enormity, no man can warrant 
 
 Hoohtr. 
 
 There are many little enormities in the world, 
 ^\hich our preachers would be very glad to see re- 
 moved ; but at the same time dare nut meddle 
 with them, for fear of betrajing the dignity of 
 the pulpit. Addisoni Guardian. 
 
 3. Atrocious crime ; flagitious villany ; 
 crimes exceeding the common measure. 
 In this sense it has a pluxid. 
 
 It is not a bare speculation that kings may run 
 into enormixies ; the practice ma}' be proved by 
 example. Svift. 
 
 ENORMOUS, adj. [enormis, Lat,] 
 
 1. Irregular ; out of rule ; not regulated 
 by any stated measure. 
 
 Wallowing, UTiwield y, enormous in their gait. 
 
 Miltcn. 
 Nature here 
 ^Vanton'd, as in her prime ; and playM at will 
 I!er virgin fancies, pouring forth more sweets, 
 \\ ild above rule, or art, enormous bliss ! Ali7('->ii. 
 
 2. Excursive ; beyond tlie limits of a re- 
 gidar figure. 
 
 The enormous part of the light in the circum- 
 ference of every lucid point, ought to be less dis- 
 cernible in shorter telescopes than in longer, be- 
 cause the shorter transmit less light to the eve. 
 
 AVuttfn'5 Opiicks. 
 
 3. Disordered ; confused, 
 
 I shall find time 
 From this enormous state, and seek to give 
 Losses their remedies. SJiakesp. King Lear, 
 
 4. Wicked beyond common measiu*e. 
 
 5. Exceetling in bulk the common mea- 
 sures : idways used with some degree of 
 dislike, or horror, or wonder, 
 
 A giant shepherd here his flock maintains, 
 Far from the rest, and solitary reigns, 
 A form enifrmous ! far unlike the race 
 Of human birth, in stature, or in face. 
 
 Pcpe^s Odyssf y. 
 
 ENo'RMorsLY, adv. [from enormous.] 
 Beyond measure. 
 
 C27
 
 E N O 
 
 One who could ever espouse a notion so enor- 
 moiislij absurd and senseless, as that the world was 
 framed by chance. Woodward. 
 
 Eno'rmousness. n. s. [from enortnous.] 
 Immeasurable excess. 
 
 When th<»se who have no opportunity to ex- 
 amine <mr fiiith, sec the ennrmoiisncss of our work?, 
 but " hat should hinder them from measuring the 
 master by the disciples? Decau of' Pictii- 
 
 Eno'ugh. adj, [jenohj Sax. ganah, Go- 
 thick ; ^rnocgj Dut. It is not easy to 
 tleteniiine whether this word be an ad- 
 jective or adverb ; perhaps, when it is 
 joined wilh a substantive, it is an adjec- 
 tive, of which enoiv is the plural. In 
 other situations it seems an adverb ; ex- 
 cept that after the verb To have, or To he, 
 either expressed or understood, it may 
 be accounted a substantive. It is pro- 
 nounced as if it were written €nuf,\ In 
 a sutlicicnt measure ; so as may satisfy ; 
 so as may suthce. 
 
 Why wouid'st thougo, with one consent they cry, 
 When thou hast gold enough, and Emily? Drydeii. 
 
 W hen there was not room enough for their herds, 
 they by consent separated, and enlarged their pas- 
 ture. " Locke. 
 
 Enough, n, s. 
 
 1 . Something sufficient in greatness or ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 'Tis enough for me to have endeavoured the 
 union of my country, whilst I continued in pub- 
 iick emplo3-raents. Temple. 
 
 The indolency and enjoyment we have, suf- 
 ficing for our present happiness, we desire not to 
 venture the change, being content, and that is 
 enough. hoche. 
 
 'Enough for me that to the list'ning swains. 
 First in those fields I sung the silvan strains. Pope. 
 
 I will not quarrel with tlie present age : it has 
 done enough for me, in making and keepine you 
 two my friends. rope. 
 
 2. Something equal to a man's powers or 
 faculties. 
 
 Some great defects and main errours in bis na- 
 ture, customs, and proceedings, he had enough 
 to do to save and help, with a thousand Htlle iii- 
 dustries and watches. Bacon. 
 
 Eno'ugh. adv. 
 
 1. In a sufficient degree ; in a degree that 
 gives satisfaction. 
 
 2. It notes a slight augmentation of the 
 positive degree : as, / am ready enougli 
 to quarrel ; that is^ I am rather quarrel- 
 some than peaceable. 
 
 T am apt enough to think, that this same bina- 
 rium of a stronger and a weaker, like unto mr.s- 
 cuiine and feminine, dotH hold in all living bodies. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 It is sometimes pleasant enough to consider the 
 different notions which different persons have of 
 the same thing. Addison. 
 
 They are now in prison at Florence ; and, as 
 it is said, treated hardly enough. Addison on Jfo/y. 
 
 3. Sometimes it notes diminution ; as, the 
 song is well enough ; that is, not quite 
 well, though not much amiss. 
 
 4. An exclamation notingfulnessor satiety. 
 
 Macbeth, beware Macdutf ! 
 Beware the thane of Fife ! Dismiss me. — ILiiough. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 Henceforth, I'll bear 
 Atflicliou 'till it do cry out itself, 
 Enoughf erwiigh, and die. Shahesp. King Lear. 
 
 Eno'w. The plural of enough. In a suf- 
 ficient number. 
 
 The earth hath since born enow bleedino; wit- 
 nesses, that it was no want of true courage, oidneif- 
 The walls of the church there are enow con- 
 
 E N R 
 
 tented to build; the marbles are polished, the 
 roofs shine with gold, the altar hath precious 
 stones to adorn it, and of Christ's ministers no 
 choice at all. _ Hooker. 
 
 Man had selfish foes ennw besides. 
 That, day and night, for his destruction wait. Milt. 
 
 IMy co"nquering brother will have slaves enow. 
 To [>ay his cruel vows for victory. Drpden. 
 
 There are at Rome enow modem works of ar- 
 chitecture to employ any reasonable man. Addison 
 
 E^PASSANT. adv. [Fr.] By the way. 
 To Enra'ge. I', a. [enrage?-, Fr.] To ir- 
 ritate ; to provoke ; to make furious ; to 
 exasperate. 
 
 The justice of their quarrel should not so much 
 encourage as enrage them, being to revenge the 
 dishonour done to their king, and to cliastise de- 
 ceitful enemies. Hayward. 
 
 Enrag'd at tliis, upon the bawd I flew ; 
 And that which most enrag'd me was, 'twas true. 
 
 Walsh. 
 To Enra'nge. v. a. [from range.] To 
 place regularly ; to put in to order. 
 
 In their jaw 
 Three ranks of iron teeth enranged were. Fairy Q. 
 As fair Diana, in fresh summer's day, 
 Beholds her nymphs enrangd in shady wood. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Enra'nk. t. a. [from rank.] To place 
 in orderly ranks. 
 No leisure had he to enrank his men. Shahsp. 
 To Enrapt. v. a. [from rapt : the par- 
 ticle preterite seems to be enrupt?^ 
 1 . To throw into an extasy ; to ti'ansport 
 with entliusiasm. 
 
 I myself 
 Am, like a prophet, suddenly enrapt 
 To tell thee, that this day is ominous. Shahesp 
 •2. In the following quotation it seems er- 
 roneously written for enwrapi, involv'd; 
 wrapt up. 
 
 Nor hath he been so enrapt in those studies as 
 to neglect the polite arts of painting and poetry. 
 Arbuthnot and Pope. 
 
 To Enea'pture. v. a. [from rapture.] 
 To transport with pleasure ; to delight 
 
 highly. 
 To Enra'vish. v. a. [from ravish.] To 
 tin-ow into extasy ; to transport with 
 delight. 
 
 What wonder, 
 Frail men, whose eyes seek heavenly things to see. 
 At sight thereof, so much enravisKd be ? Spenser. 
 
 Enra'vishment. n. s. [from enravisfi.] 
 Extasy of delight. 
 
 They contract a kind of splendor from the 
 seemingly obscuring vail, which adds to the en- 
 ravishments of her transported admirers. 
 
 Gtanville's Scepsis. 
 
 To Enrhe'um ?'. a. [enrkumer, Fr.] To 
 
 have rheum through cold. 
 
 The physician is to enquire where the party 
 hath taken cold or enrhenmed. Harvey. 
 
 To Enri'ch. t'. a. [enricher, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To make wealthy ; to make opulent. 
 
 The king will enrich him with great riches, and 
 will give him his daughter. 1 Sam. xvii. 2.5. 
 
 Henry is abfe to enrich his queen. 
 Anil not to seek a queen to make him rich. Shah. 
 
 Great and glorious Rome, queen of the earth, 
 So far renown'd, and wiili the spoils enrich'd 
 Of nations. Mi((im's Paradise Eegain'd. 
 
 Those are so unhappy as to rob others, with- 
 out enriching themselves. Denham. 
 
 2. To fertilise ; to make fruitful. 
 
 See the sweet brooks in silver mazes creep, 
 Enrich the meadows, and supply the deep. i3/«efcm. 
 
 3. To store ; to supply with augmentation 
 of any thing desirable. 
 
 There is not any one among them that could 
 
 E N R 
 
 ever enrich his own understanding with any cer- 
 tain truth, or ever edify others therein. 
 
 Rtleigh's History. 
 Enri'chment. 71. s. [from enrich.] 
 
 1. Augmentation of wealth. 
 
 2. Amplification; improvement by addi- 
 tion. 
 
 I have procured a translation of that book into 
 the general language, not without great and ample 
 additions, and enrichment thereof. 
 
 Bacm's Holy Tl'iir. 
 It IS a vast Iiindrance to the enrichment of our 
 understandings, if we spend too much of our time 
 and pains among infinities and unsearchables. 
 
 Wattt. 
 To Enrid'ge. v. a. [from ridge.] To 
 form with longitudinal protuberances or 
 ridges. 
 
 He had a thousand noses, 
 Horns walk'd and wav'd like the enridged ses : 
 It was some fiend. Shahesp. King Lear. 
 
 To Enri'ng. v. a. [from ring.] To bind 
 round ; to encircle. 
 
 Ivy so 
 Enrings the barky fingers of the elm. Shahesp. 
 
 To Enri'pen. v. a. [from ripe.] To 
 ripen; to mature ; to bring to perfection. 
 
 The Summer, how it enripend the year ; 
 And Autumn, what our golden harvests were. 
 
 Donne. 
 To Enro'be. ri. a. [from ro&e.] To dress; 
 to clothe ; to habit ; to invest. 
 
 Her mother hath intended. 
 That, Cjuaint in green, she shall be loose enrofd^ 
 AVith ribbands pendant, flaring 'bout her head. 
 
 Sitahe^rp. 
 To Enro'll. v. a. [enroller, Fr.] 
 
 1. To insert in a roll, list, or register. 
 
 There he enrolled amongst the king's forces 
 about thirty thousand men of the Jews. 
 
 1 Mac. X. .%. 
 
 We find ourselves cnroZ/erf in this heavenly family 
 as servants, and as sons. Spratt. 
 
 The champions, all of high degree. 
 A^ ho knighthood lov'd, and deeds of cliivair}', 
 Throng'd to the lists, and envy'd to behold 
 The names of others, not their own enrolCd. Dvyd. 
 
 Meutes, an ever-honour'd name of old. 
 High in Ulysses' social list enrolCd. Pope's Ody&sey. 
 
 Heroes and heroines of old. 
 By honour only were eiiroll'd 
 Among their brethren of the skies ; 
 To which, tJiough late, shall Stella rise. Swift. 
 
 2. To record ; to leave in writing. 
 
 He swore consent to your succession ; 
 His oath enrolled in the parliament. Shaktsp. 
 
 Laws, which none shall find 
 Left them enrolVd ; or what the spirit within 
 Shall on the heart engrave. Miltans Paradise Lost. 
 
 3. To involve ; to in wrap. 
 
 From his infernal furnace forth he threw 
 Huge tlame, that dimmed all the heaven's light, 
 Enroll'd in duskish smoak and brimstone blue. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Enro'ller. n. s. [from enrol.] He that 
 
 enrols ; he that registers. 
 Enrolment, n. s. [from enrol.] Re- 
 gister ; writing in which any thing is 
 recorded ; record. 
 
 The king himself caused to be enrolled, and 
 testified by a notary publick ; and delivered the 
 enrolments, with his own h.mds, to the Bishop of 
 Salisbury. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 To Enro'ot. r. a. [from root.] To fix 
 by the root ; to implant deep. 
 
 He cannot so precisely weed this land. 
 As his misdoubts present occasion : 
 His foes are so enrooted with his friends. 
 That, plucking to unfix an enemy, 
 He doth unfasten so and shake a friend. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 To Enro'und. v. a. [from round.] 
 
 028
 
 ENS 
 
 To environ ; to surround ; to encircle ; 
 to inclose. 
 
 Upon his royal face tiiere is no note 
 How dread an'army tiatli enrounded liim. Shakcsp. 
 
 EAS. n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. Any being or existence. 
 
 2. [[n chymistry.] Some tin'ngs that are 
 pretentletl to contain all the qualities or 
 virtues of the ingredients they are drawn 
 from in a little room. 
 
 ENSA'iMPLE. n. s. [esscmpio, Ital.] Ex- 
 ample ; pattern ; subject of imitation. 
 This orthography is now justly disused. 
 
 Sucli life sliould be the Iionour of your light ; 
 Such death, tlie sad ensample of your night. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Ye have us for an ensample. Phit. iii. 17. 
 
 Such as would be willing to make use of oiir e?i- 
 sampte to do the same thing, where there is not 
 the same necessity, may not be able to vouch our 
 practice for their excuse. Sanderson. 
 
 To Ensample. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To exemplify ; to shew by example ; 
 to give as a copy. 
 
 I have followed all the ancient poets historical : 
 first. Homer, who, in the person of Agamcmnoti, 
 ensampkd a good governor and a virtuous man. 
 
 Spejiser. 
 
 To Ensa'nguine. v. a. [sanguis, Lat. 
 ensanglanler, Fr.] To smear with gore ; 
 to suffuse with blood. 
 
 With cruel tournament the squadrons join, 
 VVhere cattle pastur'd late ; now scattered lies. 
 With carcasses and arms, th' ensangumd field 
 Deserted. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 To Ensche'dule.v. a. [from schedule.] 
 To insert in a schedule or writing. 
 
 You must buy that peace 
 With full accord to all our just demands, 
 Enschedul'd here. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 To Ensco'nce. v. a. [from sconce.] To 
 cover as with a fort ; to secure. Hanmer. 
 
 I myself sometimes, hiding mine honour in ray 
 necessity, and fain to shuftle, to hedge, and to 
 lurch ; and yet your rogue will ensconce yonr rags, 
 your cat-a-niountain looks under the "shelter of 
 your honour. Shakesp. 
 
 She shall not see me, I will ensconce me behind 
 the arras. ^ Shakesp. ilerry M'ivcs of ]Vindsor. 
 
 We make trifles of terrours, ensconcing ourselves 
 in seeming knowledge. Shakesp. 
 
 A sort of error to ensconce 
 Absurdity and ignorance. Hudibras. 
 
 This he courageously invaded. 
 And having enter'd barricado'd, 
 Ensconced himself as formidable 
 As could be, underneath a table. Hudibras. 
 
 To Ense'am. v. a. [from seam.] To sow 
 up ; to inclose by a seam or juncture of 
 needlework. 
 
 A name engraved in the revestiary of the tem- 
 ple, one stole away, and enseamcd it ni his thigh. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 To Ensea'r. v. a. [from sear.] Tc 
 cauterise ; to stanch or stop with fire. 
 
 Ensear thy fertile and cnnccptious womb ; 
 Let us no more bring out t' ini>rateful man. Shakesp. 
 
 To Enshi'eld. r. a. [from shield.] To 
 shield ; to cover ; to protect. 
 
 These black masks 
 Proclaim an emhield beauty, ten times louder 
 Than beauty could display. Shuke.<:p. 
 
 To Enshri'ne. I', a. [from shrine.] To 
 enclose in a chest or cabinet ; to pre- 
 serve and secure as a thing sacred. 
 
 He seems 
 A phoenix, gaz'd by all, as that sole bird. 
 When to emhnne his relirjues in the sun's 
 Bright temple, to Egyptian Thebes he flies. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 ENS 
 
 The sots combine 
 With pious care a monkey to enshrine. Tate's Juv. 
 
 Fair fortune next, with looks serene and kind, 
 Receives 'm, in her ancient fane enshrin'd. /Iddis. 
 
 E'nsiform. adj. [ensi/ormis, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing the shape of a sword, as the xipho- 
 eides or ensiform cartilage. 
 
 ENSIGN, n. s. [enxdgne, Fr] 
 
 1. The flag or standard of a regiment. 
 
 Hang up your emigm, let your drums be still. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The Turks still pressing on, got up to the top of 
 tlic walls wiih eight cnsii'iis, from whence they had 
 repulsed the defendants. Knolks's Ifistoru. 
 
 -Men taking occasion from the fjualilies, wherein 
 they observe often several individuals to agree, 
 range them into sorts, in order t« their naming 
 under which individuals, according to their con- 
 formity to this or that abstract icTea, come to be 
 ranked as under ensigns. Locke. 
 
 2. Any signal to assemble. 
 
 He will lift up an ensign to the nations from far. 
 
 Isaiah, v. 
 
 3. Badge ; or mark of distinction, rank, or 
 office. 
 
 Princes that fly, their sceptres left behind. 
 Contempt or jjity, where they travel, find ; 
 The ensigiis of our pow'r about we bear. 
 And cv'ry land pays tribute to the fair. Waller. 
 
 The marks or ensigns of virtues contribute, by 
 their nobleness, to the ornament of the figures ; as 
 the decoratious belonging to the liberal arts, to 
 war, or sacrifices. JJnjden. 
 
 4. The officer of foot who carries the flag. 
 [Formerly written ancieiit.] 
 
 E'nsignbearer. «.5. [ensign and bear.] 
 He that carries the flag ; the ensign. 
 
 If it be true that the giants ever made war 
 against heaven, he had been a fit ensignbearer for 
 that company. Sidney. 
 
 To Ensla've. v. a. [from slave.] 
 
 1 . To reduce to senitude ; to deprive of 
 liberty. 
 
 The conquer'd also, and ci\slav'd by war. 
 Shall, with their freedom lost, their virtue lose. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 I to do this ! I, whom you once thought brave. 
 
 To sell my country, and my king enslave! Drvden. 
 
 Long draughts of sleep his monstrous limhienstave; 
 
 He reels, and falling fills the spacious cave. Vnjd. 
 
 He is certainly the most subjected, the most en- 
 slaved, who is so in his understanding. Locke. 
 
 W'hile the balance of power is equally held, the 
 ambition of private men jjives neither clanger nor 
 fear, nor can possibly enslave their country. Suift. 
 
 2. To make over to another as his slave or 
 bondman. 
 
 No man can make another man to be his slave, 
 unless he hath first enshived himself to life and 
 death, to pleasure or pain, to hope or fear: com- 
 mand those passions, aiid you are freer than the 
 Parthian king. Taijlor's Rule ef Living^ Holu. 
 
 The more virtuously any man lives, and the less 
 he is enslaved to any lust, the more ready he is to 
 entertain the principles of religion. Tillotson. 
 
 A man, not having the power of his own life, 
 cannot by coujpact, or his own consent, ejislave 
 himself to any one, nor put himself under the ab- 
 solute arbitrary power of another, to take awav 
 life when he pleases. Locke. 
 
 Ensla'vement. n. s. [from e7islave.] 
 The state of servitude ; slavery ; abject 
 subjection. 
 
 The children of Israel, according to their me- 
 thod of sinning, after mercies, and thereupon re- 
 turning to a fresh ctL^lavement to their enemies, had 
 now passed seven years in cruel subjection. South. 
 Ensla'ver. «. s. [from enslave.] He that 
 reduces others to a state of servitude. 
 
 W hat indignation in her mind. 
 Against enslavers of mankind I Swift. 
 
 To Ensu'e. v. a, [ensnivre, Fr.] To 
 follow ; to pursue. 
 
 E N T 
 
 Flee evil and do good ; seek peace, and rnttu it. 
 CiTnmoft I'raifcr. 
 
 But now these Epicure? begin to •mile. 
 And say, mv doctrine is more iafe than true ; 
 
 And that*! fondly do ravself beguile. 
 While these receiv*(l opinions I cimte. VaxUt. 
 
 To Ensce. r. n, 
 
 1 . To follow as a consequence to premises. 
 
 Let this be L'ranied, and It shall hereupon plainly 
 enxne, that the liyht of scripture once shiniiic in thV 
 world, all other Cght of nature is therewith in such 
 sort drowned, that now we need it not. Hookt^. 
 
 2, To succeed in a train of events, or course 
 of time. 
 
 7"he man was noble ; 
 TiUt with Ills last attempt he wip'd it out, 
 Destroy 'd his country, and his name remains 
 To tlic ensuing age abhorr'd. Shak£fp. 
 
 Bishops are placed by collation of the kinj, 
 without any precedent 'election or confirmation 
 ensuing. Hayu^rd, 
 
 Of worse deeds worse sufferings mast ensue. M'Ut, 
 
 Mith mortal heat each other shall pur<iue ; 
 What wars, what wounds, what slaughter sbail 
 ensue! Dryden. 
 
 Impute not then those ills which mayemue 
 To me, but those who wiih incessant hate 
 Pursue my Hfe. Rmce's Ambitiatis Stepmother. 
 
 Then grave Clarissa graceful wav'd her fau j 
 Silence ensud, and thus the nymph began. Pope. 
 
 Ensu'rance. n. s. [from ensure.'] 
 
 J, Exemption from hazard, obtained by 
 
 the payment of a certain sum. 
 2, The sum paid for security. 
 Ensu'rancer. w. s. [from cnsurance.] 
 
 He who undertakes to exempt from 
 
 hazard. 
 
 Ttie vaiu ensurancers of life, 
 
 And they who most pcrforra'd, and promis'd !esf, 
 
 Ev'n Short and Hobbes, forsook th' unequal strife. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Ensu're. V. a. [from sure^ assurer, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To ascertain ; to make certain ; to se- 
 cure. 
 
 It is easy to entail debts on succeeding ages, 
 but how to ensure peace for any term of years is 
 difficult enough. Stcift. 
 
 2. To exempt any thing from hazard by 
 paying a certain sum, on condition of 
 being reimbursed for miscarriage. 
 
 3. To promise reimbursement of any mis- 
 carriage for a certain reward stipiilated. 
 
 A mendicant contracted with a country fellow 
 for a quantity of corn, to ensure liis sheep for that 
 year. L Estrange. 
 
 Ensu'RER. n. $. [from ensvre.] One who 
 makes contracts of ensurance ; one who 
 for a certain sum exempts any thing 
 from hazard. 
 
 Entablature. 1 n. s. [from inble.] 
 
 Enta'blament. J The architrave, frise, 
 and cornice of a pillar ; being in effect 
 the extremity of the flooring, which is 
 either supported by pillars, or by a wall, 
 if there be no columns. Harris. 
 
 Enta'il. n. s. [feudum talliatuni, from the 
 French entaiUe cut, from tailltr to cut.] 
 
 1 . The estate entailed or settled, witli re- 
 gard to the rule of its descent. 
 
 2. The rule of descent settled for any estate. 
 
 3. Engraver's work ; inlay. Obselctc. 
 
 \\\-U it appeared to have been of old 
 A work of rich entail, and curious mold, 
 \Voven with antjcks and wild iraapery. EairiQ. 
 
 To Entail, v. a. [taillerto cut ; entaiittr, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. To settle the descent of any estate, so 
 
 629
 
 E N T 
 
 that It cannot be by any subsequent pos- 
 sessor bequeathed at pleasure. 
 
 I here aitait 
 The crown to thee and to tliine heirs for ever. Shak. 
 Had Richard unconstrain'd resign'd tlie throne, 
 A king can give no more tlian is his own : 
 The title stood t';i(ni7'</,hadRichard had a son.Dryd, 
 
 1. To fix unaltenably upon any person or 
 thiiii^. 
 
 None ever had a privilege of infallibility entailed 
 to all he said. Di^bv on Bodies. 
 
 The intemperate and unjust transmit their bodilv 
 iiifirinities and diseases to their children, and ejita'il 
 a secret curse upon their estates. Tdhttson. 
 
 3. To cut. Obsolete. In the following- 
 passage it is neuter. 
 
 Tlie mortal steel, dispileously entaiCd, 
 Deep in their flesh, quite through the iron walls. 
 That a larye purple stream adown their giambeaux 
 falls. ^iury Queen. 
 
 To Enta'me. v. a. [from tame] To 
 tame ; to subjugate ; to subdue. 
 
 'Tis not 3'our inky brows, your black silk hair. 
 Your bugle eyeballs, and your cheek of cream. 
 That can eutanie my spirits to your worship. Shak. 
 
 To Entangle, v. a. [A word of uncer- 
 tain etjTiioIogy.] 
 
 1. To invrap or insnare with something 
 not eiisily extricable, as a net ; or some- 
 thing adhesive, as briars. 
 
 2. To lose in multiplied involutions ; as in 
 a labyrinth. 
 
 3. To twist, or confuse in such a manner 
 as that a separation cannot easily be 
 made; to make an entangled knot. 
 
 4. To involve in difficulties ; to embarrass ; 
 to perplex. 
 
 Now all labour 
 Maris what it does, yea very force entangles 
 Itself with strength. .Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop 
 
 He knew not how to wrestle witli desperate con- 
 tiiigencics, and so abhorred to be entangled in such. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 5. To puzzle ; to bewilder. 
 
 Tlie duke, being questioned, neither held silence 
 as he might, nor constantly denied it, but entangleii 
 himself in his doubtful tale. Hayward. 
 
 I suppose a great part of the difficulties that 
 perple.\ mens thoughts, and entangle their under- 
 standings, would be easily resolved. Locke. 
 
 6. To ensnare by captious questions or 
 artful talk. 
 
 The Pharisees took counsel how thev might en- 
 tangle him ill his talk. Matt. xxii. 1.5. 
 
 7. To distract with variety of cares. 
 
 No man that warreth entangleth himself with 
 the affairs of ihis life. i^ Tim. ii. 4. 
 
 8. To multiply the intricacies or difficidties 
 of a work. 
 
 Enta'nglement. n. s. [from entangle.'] 
 
 1. Involution of any thing inti-icate or ad- 
 hesive. 
 
 2. Perplexity ; puzzle. 
 The most improved spirits are frequently caught 
 
 in the entanglements of a tenacious imagination. 
 
 GUtnaiUe's Scepsis. 
 
 There will be no greater entanglements, touching 
 tlie notion of God and his providence. Mtve. 
 
 It is to fence against the entanglements of equi- 
 vocal words, and the arts of sophistr\-, that dis- 
 tinctions have been multiplied. ' Locke. 
 
 Enta'ngler. k. s. [from entangle.] One 
 
 that entangles. 
 To E'NTER. V. a. [entrer, Fr.] 
 1 . To go or come into any place. 
 
 I with the multitude of my redeem'd. 
 Shall enter heav'n, long absent. Milton. 
 
 A king of repute and learning entered the lists 
 against him. Atterbury 
 
 E N T 
 
 2. To initiate in a business, method, or so- 
 ciety. 
 
 The eldest beino thus enter'd, and then made 
 the fashion, it would be impossible to hinder them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 3. To introduce or admit into any counsel. 
 
 They of Rome are enter'd in our counsels, 
 And know how we proceed. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 4. To set down in a writing. 
 
 Mr. Phang, have ycm enter'd the action ? 
 — It is enter'd. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Agues and fevers are entered promiscuously, yet in 
 the few bills they have been distinguished. Graunt 
 
 To E'nter. v. 71. 
 1. To come in 
 
 to go m. 
 
 Be not slothful to go and to enter to possess the 
 land. Judges. 
 
 Other creature here, 
 Beast, bird, insect, or worm, durst enter none. Milt. 
 
 2. To penetrate mentally ; to make intel- 
 lectual entrance. 
 
 He is particularly pleased with Livy for his man- 
 ner of telling a story, and with Sallust for his ra- 
 tering into eternal principles of action. Addison. 
 
 They were not capable of entering into the nu- 
 merous concurring springs of action. Watts. 
 
 3. To engage in. 
 The French king hath often entered on several 
 
 expensive projects, on purpose to dissipate wealth. 
 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 Gentlemen did not care to enter into business 
 
 'till after their morning draught. Tatler. 
 
 4. To be initiated in. 
 O pity and shame, that tliose who to live well 
 
 Enter'd so fair, should turn aside ! Milton. 
 
 As soon as they once entered into a taste of plea- 
 sure, politeness, and magnificence, they fell into a 
 thousand violences, conspiracies, and division. j4dd. 
 Enterde'al. n. s. [enfre and deal.] 
 Reciprocal transactions. Obsolete. 
 
 For he is praclis'd well in polic3% 
 And thereto doth his courting most apply ; 
 To learn the entcrdeal of pritices strange. 
 To mark th' intent of counsels, and the change 
 Of states. HuUierds Tale. 
 
 E'ntering. M. «. [fro-na enter.] Entrance; 
 passage into a place. 
 
 It is laid waste, so that there is no house, no en- 
 tering in. Isaiah. 
 
 To Enterla'ce. v. a. [entrelasser, Fr.] 
 To intermix ; to interweave. 
 
 This lady walked outright, 'till she might see her 
 enter into a fine close arbor : it wasof trees, whose 
 branches so lovingly enterlaced one another, that it 
 could resist the strongest violence of the sight. Sidn. 
 
 Entero'cele. n. s. [enterocele, Lat.] A 
 ruptm-e from the bowels pressing through 
 or dilating the peritonaeum, so as to fall 
 down into the groin. The remedy in such 
 cases, is chiefly by trusses and bolsters. 
 
 Qtiincy. 
 If the intestine only is fallen, it becomes an en- 
 terocele ; if the omentum or epiploon, epi(>lucc]e ; 
 and if both, enteroe|)iplocele. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 EnTERO'lOGY. n. S. [iWe^o* and ^loys?!] 
 The anatomical account of the bowels 
 and internal parts. 
 
 Entero'mphalos. n. s. [eWejov and 
 c!/.t(p«^o{.] An umbilical or naval rupture. 
 
 Enterpa'rlance. n. s. [entre audpai-- 
 
 ler, Fr.] Parley ; mutual talk ; conference. 
 
 During the euterparlance the Scots discharged 
 
 against the English, not witliout breach of Ihe laws 
 
 of the field. Hayward. 
 
 Enterple'ader. n. s. [entre and plead.] 
 The discussing of a point incidentally 
 falling out, before the principal cause 
 can take end. For example : two seve- 
 ral persons, being found heirs to land by 
 
 E N T 
 
 two several officers in one county, the 
 king is brought in doubt whether livery 
 ought to be made ; and therefore, before 
 livery be made to either, they must en- 
 terplead ; that is, try between themselves 
 who is the right heir. Cowel 
 
 ENTERPRISE, n. s. [enterprise, Fr.] 
 An undeitaking of hazard ; an arduous 
 attempt. 
 
 Now is the time to execute mine enterprises to 
 
 the destruction of the enemies. Judith, ii. 5. 
 
 tt het on Warwick to this enterprise. Shakesp. 
 
 Trie day a|iproach'd, when fortune should decide 
 
 Til' important enterprise, and give the bride. Lh-i/d. 
 
 To E'nterprise. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To undertake ; to attempt ; to essay. 
 
 Nor shall I to the work thou enterprisest 
 Be wanting, but aflford thee equal aid. Milton. 
 
 Princes were only chiefs of those assemblies, by 
 whose consultations and authority the great actions 
 were resolved and enterprised. Temple. 
 
 An epick poem, or the heroick action of some 
 great commander, enterprised for the common good 
 and honour of the Christain cause, and executed 
 happil3', may be as well written now, as it was of 
 old by the heathens. Dryden. 
 
 Haste then, and lose no time : 
 The business must be enterpris'd this night ; 
 We must surprise the court in its delight. Dryden. 
 
 2. To receive; to entertain. Obsolete. 
 
 In goodly garments, that her well became, 
 Fair marching forth in honourable wise. 
 Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprise. 
 
 Spenser. 
 E'nterpriser. n. s. [from enterprise.] 
 A man of enterprise ; one who under- 
 takes great things ; one who engages him- 
 self in important and dangerous designs. 
 They commonly proved great ejitervrisers with 
 happy success. Hayward on Edward VI. 
 
 To ENTERTAIN, r. a. [r7itretemr,Tr.] 
 
 1. To converse with; to talk with. 
 
 His head was so well stored a magazine, that 
 nothing could be proposed which he was not rea- 
 dily furnished to entertain any one in. Locke. 
 
 2. To treat at the table. 
 
 You shall find an apartment fitted up for you, 
 and sliall be every day entertained with beef or 
 mutton of my own feeding. Addison. 
 
 3. To receive hospitably. 
 
 Be not forgetful to entertain strangers ; for thereby 
 some have entertained angels unawares. Heb. xiii. 2. 
 
 Heav'n, set ope thy everlasting gates. 
 To entertain my vows of thanks and praise. Shakes. 
 
 4. To keep in one's service. 
 
 How many men would you require to the fur- 
 nishing of this which j-ou take in hand ? And how 
 long space would you have them entertained ? 
 
 Spenser's Ireland. 
 Yott, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred ; 
 only I do not like the fashion of your garments. 
 
 Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 I'll weep and sigh, 
 And, leaving so bis service, follow you, 
 So please 3^ou entertain me. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 5. To reserve in the mind. 
 
 This purpose God can entfrfain towards us. 
 
 Decay oj' Piety. 
 
 6. To please ; to amuse ; to divert. 
 
 DiLv'id entertained himself with the meditations 
 of God's law, not his hidden decrees »ir counsels. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 They were capable of entertaining themselves on 
 a thousand subjects, without running into the com- 
 mon topicks. Addison. 
 The historv of the Ro^'al Society shews how well 
 philosophy becoraeth a narration : the progress of 
 Knowledge is as entertaining as that of arms. 
 
 Felton on the Ctassicks. 
 In gardens, art can only reduce the beauties of 
 nature to a figure which the common eye may bet- 
 ter take in, and is therefore more entertained with. 
 Pope's Pre}', to the Iliads. 
 
 630
 
 E N T 
 
 7. To aJmit with satisfaction. 
 
 lieojon cau never permit the mind to entertain 
 probability iu up^iusitiuu to knowledge and cer- 
 tainty. Locke 
 
 Enterta'iner. n. s. [from enterlain.] 
 
 1. He that keeps others in his service. 
 
 He was, in bis nature and constitution of mind, 
 not very apprehensive or forecasting of future 
 events afar oil', but an entertainer of fortune by the 
 day. Bacons Henry VH, 
 
 2. He that treats others at his table. 
 
 He shews both to tlic guests and to Ibe entertainer 
 tbeir great mistake. Smuiriilge. 
 
 It i.s little llicsign of a wife or good man to suffer 
 temperance to be transgressed, in order to pur- 
 chase the repute of a generous entei-taitier.Auerbury. 
 
 3. He tliat pleases, tliverts, or amuses. 
 Enterta'inment. n. s. [from enter- 
 tain.] 
 
 1. Conversation. 
 
 2. Treatment at the table ; convivial pro- 
 vision. 
 
 Arrived tiiere, tlie little house they fill, 
 Ne look for entertainment where none was ; 
 
 Rest is their feast, and all things at their will ; 
 The noblest mind the best contentment has. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 With British bounty in his ship he feasts 
 Th* Hes)>erian j)rinces, his amazed guests. 
 To find that wat'ry wilderness exceed 
 The entertainment of their great Madrid. Waller. 
 
 3. Hospitable reception. 
 
 4. Reception ; admission. 
 
 It is not eas3' to imagine how it sliould at first gain 
 entertainment, but much more difficult to conceive 
 bow it should he universally propagated. Tiliotson. 
 
 5. The state of being in pay as soldiers or 
 servants. 
 
 Have you an army ready, say you ? 
 
 A most royal one. The centurions and their 
 cllarges distinctly billeted, already in the entertain- 
 mentt and to be on foot at an liour's warning. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriohnns. 
 
 6. Payment of soldiers or servants. Now 
 obsolete. 
 
 The entertainment of the general, upon his first 
 arrival, was but six sliillings and eight-pence. Day. 
 
 The captains did covenant with the king to serve 
 him with certain numbers of men, for certain wages 
 and entertainment. Danes. 
 
 7. Amusement ; diversion. 
 
 Because he that knoweth least is fittest to ask 
 questions, it is more reason, for the entertainment 
 of the time, that he ask me qiiestioiis than that I 
 ask you. Bacon's New Atlantis. 
 
 Passions ought to be our servants, and not our 
 masters ; to give us some agitation ioT entertainment , 
 but never to throw reason out of its seat. Temple. 
 
 8. Dramatick performance ; the lower co- 
 medy. 
 
 A great number of dramatick enteiiainments are 
 not comedies, but five-act farces. Gay. 
 
 Enterti'ssued. adj. [entre and tissue.] 
 Enterwoven or intermixed with various 
 colours or substances. 
 
 The sword, tile mace, the crown imperial. 
 The entertisiiied robe of gold and pearl. Shakesp. 
 
 To Enthro'ne. I', a. [from thro7ie.] 
 
 1. To place on a regal seat. 
 
 Mercy is above this scepter' 1 sway ; 
 It is entJmmed in the hearts of kings ; 
 It is an attribute to (jod himselfi Shakasp. 
 
 On a tribunal silvcr'd, 
 Cleopatra and himself, in chairs of gold, 
 ■Were publickly enthroned. Shakesp. 
 
 Beneath a sculptur'd aich he sits enthron'd, 
 The peers, encircling, form an awful round. Pope. 
 
 2. To invest with sovereign authority. 
 
 This pope was no sooner elected and enthroned, 
 but that he began to Cieicise his new rapines. 
 
 Ayljffe's Parergon. 
 ENTHUSIA'sM. n. s. [itSwa-iOff^e^.] 
 
 E N T 
 
 1. A vain belief of private revelation ; a 
 vain confidence of divine favour or com- 
 munication. 
 
 Enthusiusm is founded neither on reason nor di- 
 vine revelation, but rises from ihe conceits of a 
 warmed or overweening brain. Locke. 
 
 2. Heat of imagination; violence of pas- 
 sion ; confidence of opinion. 
 
 3. Elevation of fancy ; exaltation of ideas. 
 
 IniJigiii;: is, in ii^elf, tlie very hei^lit and life uf 
 poetry. ^^Iiitii, by a kind ii{ enthusiasm, vt e.xtraor- 
 diniiry cmoiiuu of Mini, makes it iccni to us Uialwe 
 behold those things which liie poet paints. 
 
 Dryden. 
 EnTHU'SIAST. n. S. [iyBva-iau.'] 
 1. One who vainly imagines a private re- 
 velation ; one who has a vain confidence 
 of his Intercourse with God. 
 
 Jjet an euthn.'^iii.'it be principled that he or Iiis 
 tearlier is inspired, and acted by an immediate 
 comniunicati(»n of the Divine Spirit, aiid you in 
 vain bring the evidence of clear reasons acainst 
 his doctrine. Locke. 
 
 1, One of a hot imagination, or violent 
 passions. 
 
 Chapman seems to liave been of an arrogant turn, 
 and an enthusiast in poetry. Pope's Pref. to the 11. 
 
 2. One of elevated fancy, or exalted ideas. 
 
 At last divine Cecilia came, 
 Inventress of the vocal frame ; 
 The sweet enthusiast, from her sacred store, 
 Enlarg'd the former narrow bounds, 
 And added length to solemn sounds, 
 With nature's mother-wit, and arts unknown 
 before. Dryden. 
 
 EnTHUSIA'sTICAL. 1 J- >'ft \ 1 
 
 Enthusia stick. J "^ -• 
 
 1. Persuaded of some communication with 
 the deity. 
 
 He pretended not to any serapliickentft'fsiosfira/ 
 raptures, or inimitable unaccountable transports 
 of devotion. Calamy. 
 
 2. Vehemently hot in any cause. 
 
 3. Elevated in fancy ; exalted in ideas. 
 
 Ancnt/iiismsfiV/cor prophetick style, by reason of 
 the eagerness of the fancy, doth not ahva^'s follow 
 the even thread of discourse. Burnet. 
 
 At last, sublim'd 
 To rapture and enthusiastlck heat. 
 We feel the present Deity. Tlwmson. 
 
 E'nTHYMEME. 71. S. [uSJ/x*'/**-] ^^ ^^- 
 gument consisting only of an antecedent 
 and consequential proposition; a syllo- 
 gism where the major proposition is sup- 
 pressed, and only the minor arid conse- 
 quence produced in words. 
 
 Playing much upon the simple or lustrative ar- 
 gumentation, to induce their eH(/ivnif»«f5 unto tlie 
 people, tliey take up popular conceits. Brown. 
 
 WUdt is an enthymeme, quoth Cornelius .'' Why, 
 an enthyjncme, replied Crambe, is when the major 
 is indi'L'd married to the minor, but the luarriage 
 kept secret. Arhuthjwt and Pope. 
 
 To ENTI'CE. v. a. [of imcertain etymo- 
 logy.] To allure ; to attract ; to draw 
 by blandishments or hopes to something 
 sinful or destructive. 
 
 The readiest way to entangle the mind with 
 false doctrine, is lirst to entice the wili to wanton 
 living. Aschams SchoolmasUT. 
 
 If a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, he 
 shall surely endow her to be his wife. Ex. xxii. 1(5. 
 
 So sang the syrens, with enchanting sound, 
 Enticing all to listen, and be drown'd. GUuiville. 
 
 Enticement, n. s. [from entice.] 
 
 1. The act or practice of alluring to ill. 
 
 Suppose we that the sacred word i.if God can 
 
 at their hands receive due honour, by whose c?i- 
 
 ticcmf/it the holy ordinances of thechurch endure 
 
 every where open contempt. Uookcr. 
 
 E N T 
 
 And here to ever3' thirsty wamlerer. 
 By sly eniicemettt gives his baneful cup, 
 \\ ith niuiy Diurnuirs m'lxt. Milton. 
 
 2. The means by which one is allured to 
 ill ; blandishment ; allurement. 
 
 In all ihe^e )i(»tance;> we n]u«>t separate intrcaty 
 and enticements from deceit nr violence. Taylor, 
 
 Enti'ceu. n. 5. [from etttice.] One that 
 
 allures to ill. 
 Enticingly, adr. [from entice.] Charm- 
 ingly ; in a winning manner. 
 She strikes a lute well, aod sJngs most tnticingtu. 
 
 AddiMtm. 
 
 E'ntierty. 71. 8. [entiertt, Fr.] The 
 whole ; not barely a part. 
 
 Sometime the attt-rncy thrusleth into the writ 
 thf uttermost (quantity; or, else setteth down aii en- 
 tierty, where but a nioiely was to be passed. 
 
 Bacan. 
 
 ENTTRE. adj. [entier, Fr. integer, Lat.] 
 
 1. Whole ; undivided. 
 
 It is not safe to divide, but to extol the entire^ 
 still in general. Bacon'sColtectinnti Good and Etit. 
 
 2. Unbroken ; complete in its parts. 
 
 Au antique model of ilu; famous Laocuon is evr- 
 tire in those parts where the statue is maimed. 
 
 Addison on Italy, 
 
 Water and earth, composed of old worn panicles 
 and fragments of particles, would not be of ihe 
 same nature and texture now with water and earth 
 composed of entire particles in the begiiuiin^. 
 
 3. Full ; complete ; comprising all requi- 
 sites in itself. 
 
 The church of Rome hath rightly considered 
 that publick prayer is a duty entire in itself, a 
 duly requisite to he performed much oftener than 
 sermons can be made. Hooker. 
 
 An action is entire wlien it is complete in all 
 its parts , or, as Aristotle describes it, when it con- 
 sists of a beginning, a middle, and an eud,Spectatm; 
 
 4. Sincere ; hearty. 
 
 Love's not love. 
 When it is mingled with regards that stand 
 Aloof from th' entire j)oint. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 He run a course more enfire with the king of 
 Ajragon, but more laboured and officious witli the 
 king of Castile. BaCffn, 
 
 5. Firm ; sure ; solid ; fixed. 
 
 Entire and sure the monarch's rule must prove, 
 Who founds her greatness on lier subjects love. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 6. Unmingled ; imallayed. 
 
 Wrath shall be no more 
 Thenceforth, but in tliy presence joy entire. 
 
 Miltcn, 
 
 7. Honest; finnily adherent; faithful. 
 
 No man had ever a heart more entire to the king, 
 the church, or his country ; but he never studied 
 the easiest ways to those ends. CUtrendon, 
 
 Tliev had many persons, of whose entire affec- 
 tions tliey were well assured. Clarendon. 
 
 8. In full strength ; with vigour unabated ; 
 with power unbroken. 
 
 Then back to tight a^ain, new breathed and 
 entire. Spentcr. 
 
 I^NTIRELY. adv, [from entire,] 
 
 1. In the whole; without division. 
 
 Euphrates, ruuniug. ^ijikctii jwrtly into the 
 lakes of Chaldea, and falls not etitirdy into the 
 Persian sea. Raleigh. 
 
 2. Completely ; fully. 
 
 Here hnish'd lie, and all that he had made 
 Vi&w'd, and beheld ! all was entirelv good. 
 
 mvi. 
 
 Chyle luav be said to be a vegetable jiuce in the 
 stomach antf inifstines ; as it passeth into the lacte- 
 als it grows still more animal, and when it has 
 circulated often with the blood, it is entirely so. 
 
 Arhuthn<>t, 
 
 General consent cnttrt'/i/ altered the whole frame 
 of their government. Su^. 
 
 3. With firm adherence ; faithiully. 
 
 631
 
 E N T 
 
 AVliich wlien his pensive lad^' saw from far, 
 Great woe and sorrow did her soul assay. 
 
 As wet-ning that the sad end of the war, 
 And 'gan to iiighest (jud entirelu pray. Fairy Qii. 
 
 Ekti'reness. n. s. [from enth'e,] 
 
 1. Totality ; completeness; fulness. 
 
 In an arch, eacli single stone, which, if severed 
 from the rest, would he perliaps defenceless, is 
 sulTicicntly secured by the solidity and entirencss 
 of the wlioie fahrick, of which it is a part. Bi^yle, 
 
 2. Honesty ; integrity. 
 
 To Enti'tle. r. a. [aitituhr, Fr.] 
 i. To grace or dignify with a title or ho- 
 nourable appellation. 
 2. To give a title or discriminative appella- 
 tion ; as, to entitle a book. 
 
 Besides the Scripture, tlie books which they 
 call ecclesiastical were thought not unworthy to 
 be brought into publick audience, and with that 
 name they entitled the books which we term A['o- 
 cryphal. ■ Hooker. 
 
 Next favourable tliou, 
 ^\ho highly thus to entitle roe vnuchsaf'st 
 Far other name deserring ! Miitons Paradise Lost. 
 
 0. To superscribe, or prefix as a title. 
 
 How read^ zeal for party is to entitle Christianity 
 to their desfgns, and to charge atheism on those 
 who will not submit. Locke. 
 
 Wc have been oititledy and have had our names 
 prefixed at length to whole volumes of mean pro- 
 ductions. Swift. 
 
 4. To give a claim to any thing. 
 
 But we, descended from your sacred line. 
 Entitled to your heav'n, and riles divine, 
 Arc baiiish'd earth. Drydens Virgil. 
 
 God discovers the martjT and confessor without 
 the trial of flames and tortures, and will hereafter 
 entitle many to the rewards of actions which they 
 had never the opportunity of performing. Addison. 
 
 He entitled himself to* the continuance of the 
 divine protection and goodness, by humiliation 
 and prayer. ^ Atta-bury. 
 
 Hardfv even is the penitent sinner saved ; thus 
 difficult is that dut3', by which alone he can be 
 reconciled to his Creator, and entitled to the mer- 
 cies of the gospel. Rogers. 
 
 5. To grant any thing as claimed by a 
 title. 
 
 This is to entitle God's care how and to what we 
 please. Locke. 
 
 E'ntity. w. s. [entitaSj low Lat] 
 
 1. Something which really is; a real being. 
 
 Dear hope, earth's dowry and heaven's debt. 
 The entity of things that are not yet : 
 Subt'Iest, but surest being. Crashaw. 
 
 Fortune is no real entity, nor physical essence, 
 but a mere relative signification. Bentley. 
 
 Here entity und quiddity. 
 The souls of defunct bodies fly. Hiidibras, 
 
 2. A particular species of being. 
 
 All eruptions of air, though small and slight, 
 give an entity of sound, which we call cracklnig, 
 puffing, and spitting ; as in bay salt and bay leaves, 
 cast into tlie fire. Bacon. 
 
 God's decrees of salvation and damnation, both 
 Romish and Reformed, affix to men's particular 
 entitu, absolutely considered, without any respect 
 to demeanours. Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 To Entoi'l. V. a, [from toil.] To en- 
 snare ; to entangle ; to bring into toils or 
 nets. 
 
 He exit otT their land forces from their ships, and 
 entoiled both their navy and their camp with a 
 greater power than tlieirs, both by sea and land. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To Entomb, r. a, [from tomb,] To put 
 into a tomb ; to bury. 
 
 Processions were first begun for the interring of 
 holy martyrs, and the visiting of those places 
 wliere ihey were entombed. Hooker. 
 
 The cry went once for thee, and yet it may again, 
 If thou wouldst not entomb thyself alive, 
 And case thv reputation in a tent. ' Shakesp. 
 
 E N T 
 
 They within the beast's vast womb, 
 The choice and flow'r of all their troops entomb. 
 
 Denham . 
 
 Entrails, n. s. without a singular, [en- 
 
 trailles^ Fr. on^a.] 
 1. The intestines ; the inward parts; the 
 
 guts. 
 
 What, hath thy fiery heart so parch'd thine entrails, 
 That not a tear can Vail ? Shukesp. Henry \T. 
 
 The entrails are all without bones ; save that a 
 bone is sometimes found in the heart of a stag. 
 
 Bacon's Xaturat History. 
 I tear that harden'd heart from out her breast, 
 Which with her entrails makes my hungry hounds 
 a feast. Dryden. 
 
 !i. The internal parts. 
 
 A precious ring that lightens all the hole, 
 And shews tlie ragged entrails of this pit. Shakesp. 
 He had brought to lit;lit but little of that trea- 
 sure, that lay so long hid in the dark entrails of 
 America. Locke. 
 
 The earth hath lost 
 Most of her ribs, as entrails ; being now 
 Wounded no less for marble than for gold. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 To Entra'il. r. a, [intralciare, Ital.] 
 To mingle ; to interweave ; to diversify. 
 
 Over him, art striving to compare 
 With nature, did an arGor green dispred, 
 
 Framed of wanton ivy, flow'ring fair. 
 Through which the fragrant eglantine did sj)read, 
 His pricking arms entrail'd with roses red. Fairy Q. 
 
 A little wicker basket, 
 Made of fine twigs, entrailed curiously, 
 In uhich they gather'd flowers. Spenser^ sPj-otkal. 
 
 E'ntrance. 71. s. [entrant, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The power of entering into a place. 
 
 Whence are you, sir ? Has the porter his e3'cs 
 in his head, that he gives entrajice to sucli compa- 
 nions? Pray, get you out. Shakesp, 
 
 Where diligence opens the door of the under- 
 standing, and impartially keeps it, truth is sure to 
 find botn an entrance and a welcome too. South. 
 
 2. The act of entering. 
 
 The reason, that I gather, he is mad. 
 Is a mad tale he told to-day at dinner. 
 Of his own door being shut against his entrance. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Better far, I guess, 
 That we do make our entrance several ways. Shah. 
 
 All the world's a stage, 
 And all the men and women merely players ; 
 The}' have their exits and their eyitvances. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The passage by which a place is entered ; 
 avenue. 
 
 He charged them to keep the passages of the 
 hilly country ; for by them there was an entrance 
 into Judea. Judith. 
 
 Palladio did conclude, that the principal entrance 
 was never to he regulated by any certain dimen- 
 sions, but by the di-^nity of the master. }Votton. 
 
 Many are tlie ways that lead 
 To his grim cave, all dismal ! yet to sense 
 More terrible at th' entrance than within. Milton. 
 
 Let this, and every other anxious thought, 
 At th' entrance of my threshold be forgot. Dryden. 
 
 4. Initiation ; commencement. 
 
 This is that which, at first entrance, baulks and 
 cools them: they want their liberty. Locke. 
 
 5. Intellectual ingress ; knowledge. 
 
 He that travellcti* a country before he hath 
 some entrance into the language, goeth to school, 
 and not to travel. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 6. The act of taking possession of an office 
 or dignity. 
 
 From the first entrance of this king to his reign, 
 never was king either more loving, or better Be- 
 loved, nayw. Edw. VI. 
 
 7. The beginning of any thing. 
 
 St. Augustine in the entrance of one of his ser- 
 mons, makes a kind of apology. 
 
 Hakeuill on Providerice. 
 
 The earl of Holland we have had occasion to 
 mention before in the first entrance upon this dis- 
 course. Clarendon. 
 
 E N T 
 
 To Entrance, v. n. [from trance; transe, 
 f r. from transeo, Lat. to pass over ; to 
 pass for a time from one region to ano- 
 ther.] 
 
 1. To put into a trance ; to withdraw the 
 soul whoUy to other regions, while the 
 body appears to lie in dead sleep. 
 
 2. To put into an extasy; to make insensi- 
 ble of present objects. 
 
 ^Vitll dcliglit I was entranced, and carried so far 
 from myself, as that I am sorrj that you ended so 
 soun. Spenser. 
 
 Adam, now enforc'd to close his eyes. 
 Sunk down, and all his spirits became entruiic'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 And I so ravish'd with her he.iv'nly note, 
 I stood enlranc'il, and had no room for thought ; 
 But all o'erpow'r'd with ecstasy of bliss, 
 Was in a pleasing dream of paradise. Dryden, 
 
 To Entra'p. V, a. [from trap.] 
 
 1. To ensnare ; to catch in a trap or 
 snare. 
 
 Take heed, mine eyes, how ye do stare 
 Henceforth loo rashly on that guileful net ; 
 
 In which, if ever eyes entrapped are, 
 Out of her bauds ye "by no means shall get. 
 
 Spemer. 
 The fraud of Endand, not the force of France, 
 Hath now cntrapt tne noble-minded Talbot. 
 
 Shaltesp. 
 
 2. To involve unexpectedly in difficulties 
 or distresses ; to entangle. 
 
 JMisfortune waits advantage to entrap 
 The man most wary, in her whelming lap. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 He sought to entrap me by intelligence. Shak, 
 
 3. To take advantage of. 
 
 An injurious person lies in wait to entrap thee 
 in thy words. Eccles. viii. 11. 
 
 To Entre'at. v. a. [It-acter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To petition ; to solicit ; to importune. 
 Isaac entreated the Lord for his wife. 
 
 Gen. xx.\v. 21. 
 
 2. To prevail upon by solicitation. 
 
 I have a wife, whom, 1 protest, I love ; 
 I would she were in heaven, so she could 
 Entreat some pow'r to change this currish Jew. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The Lord was entreated of him, and Rebecca liis 
 wife conceived. Gen. .\xv. 21. 
 
 It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power, 
 \\hom no pra3"ers could entreat, no repentance re- 
 concile. Rogers. 
 
 3. To treat or use well or ill. 
 
 Whereas tli3- servant worketh truly, entreat liim 
 not evil. Eccles. vii. 20. 
 
 Must you, sir John, protect my lady here? 
 Entreat her not the worse in that I pra3' 
 Vou usf her well. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Well I entreated her, who well deserv'd': 
 1 call'd her often : for she always serv'd : 
 Use made her person easy to my si^ht, 
 And ease insensibly produc'd delight. Pnet. 
 
 4. To entertain ; to amuse. Not used. 
 
 My lord, I must entreat the time alone. 
 — Gad shield I should disturb devotion. _ Shakesp. 
 
 5. To entertain ; to receive. Not in use. 
 
 The garden of Proserpine this hight. 
 And in the midst thereof a silver seat. 
 
 With a thick arbour goodly overdight. 
 In which she often us'd, from open heat. 
 Herself to shroud, and pleasures to entreat. 
 
 Fairy Quetn. 
 
 To Entre'at v. n. 
 
 1. To offer a treaty or compact. Not 
 used. 
 
 Alexander was the first that entreated peace with 
 them. Ma*. 
 
 2. To treat ; to discourse. Not used. 
 The most admirable mystery of nature is the 
 
 turning of iron, touched with the lc<adstone, 
 
 632
 
 E N V 
 
 toward the North pole, of which I shall have far- 
 ther occasion to entreut. Hakcmll. 
 8. To make a petition. 
 
 Tliey charged nie, on j>:iin of perpetual <lisplca- 
 sure, neither to speak of htm, entreat for him, or 
 any way sustain him. Shakcsp. 
 
 The Janizaries entreated for them, as valiant 
 
 men. Knolks. 
 
 Entre'atance. n. s. [from entreat.] 
 
 Petition ; entreaty ; solicitation. Not 
 
 used. 
 
 These two entreataucc made they might be 
 lieard. 
 Nor was their just petition long deny'd. Fairfax. 
 
 Entreaty, n.s. [fvom entreat.] Peti- 
 tion ; prayer ; solicitation ; supplication ; 
 request. 
 
 If my weak orator 
 Can from his mother win the duke of York 
 Anon expect him here ; but if she be 
 Obdurate to entreaties, God forbid 
 We should infringe the holy privilege 
 Of sanctuary. Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 ENTREMETS, n. s. [Fr.] Small 
 plates set between the main ilislies. 
 
 Chards of beet are plants of white beet trans- 
 planted, producing great tops, which, in the 
 midst, have a large white main shoot, which is the 
 true cliard used in pottages and entremets. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 E'ntry. n.s. [from enter ; entree, Fr.] 
 
 1. The passage by which any one enters 
 a house. 
 
 Some there are thai know the resorts and falls 
 of business, thai cannot sink into the main of it ; 
 like a house tliat hath convenient stairs and en- 
 tries, but never a fair room. Bacon. 
 
 A straight long enfrv to tlic temple led, 
 ' Blind with high walls, and horror over head.I>rj/. 
 Is all this hurry made 
 On this account, because thou art afraid 
 A dirty hall or entru should otTend 
 The curious eyes of thy invited friend ? Dnjden. 
 
 We proceeded through the entry, and were ne- 
 cessarily kept in order by tlie situation. Tatter. 
 
 2. The act of entrance ; ingress. 
 Bathing and anointing give a relaxation or emol- 
 
 lition ; and the mixture of oil and water is better 
 than either of ihcni alone, because water enlereth 
 better into the pores, and oil after entrij softcncth 
 better. Bacilli's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The lake of Constance is formed by the eutni of 
 the Rhine. Adilison. 
 
 By the entry of the chyle and air into the blood, 
 by thelacteals, the animal may again revive. 
 
 Arbiithnot on Aliments. 
 
 3. The act of taking possession of any es- 
 tate. 
 
 4. The act of registering or setting down 
 in writing. 
 
 A notary raadean entry of this act. Bacoii. 
 
 5. The act of entering publickly into any 
 city. 
 
 The day being come, he made his entry : he was 
 a man of middle stature and age, and comely. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To Enu'bilate. I', a. [e and nubile, Lat.] 
 To clear from clouds. Diet. 
 
 To Enu'cleate. I', a. [cn!/c/fo, Lat.] To 
 solve ; to clear ; to disentangle. Diet. 
 
 To Envelop, v. a. [envcloper, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To inwrap ; to cover ; to invest with 
 some integument. 
 
 S. To cover ; to hide ; to surround. 
 
 Tlie best and wholesom'st spirits of the night 
 envelop you, good provost. S'wk. Meas.for Mcas. 
 
 A cloud of smoke envelops either host. 
 And all at once the combatants are lost : 
 Darkling tliey join adverse, and shock unseen. 
 Coursers with coursers justling, men with men. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Vol. t. 
 
 E N V 
 
 It is but to apfjrnach nearer, and that mist tliat 
 ciircloped tlicin will remove. Locke. 
 
 Nocturnal sliades 
 This worlil envelop, and th' inclement air 
 Persuades men to repel benunnning frosts. Philips. 
 
 3. To line ; to cover on the inside. 
 
 His iron coat, all overgrown with rust. 
 Was underneath, eniclofied with gold, 
 Darkened with filthy dust. Fairy Queen. 
 
 ENVELOPE. 71. s. [Fr.] A wrapper; 
 an outward case ; an integument ; a co- 
 ver. 
 
 Send these to paper-sparing Pope, 
 And, when he sits to write, 
 
 No letter with an envelope 
 Could give him more delight. Snijt. 
 
 To Envenom, v. a. [from venom.] 
 
 1. To taint with poison; to poison ; to 
 imprecrnate with venom. It is never 
 used of the person to whom poison is 
 given, but of the drauglit, meat, or in- 
 strument by which it i$ conveyed. 
 
 The treacherous in&Uumcut is. in tliy hand, 
 Unbaled and envenom'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Alcides, from Oechalia crown'd 
 With conquest, felt th' envenom'd robe, and tore, 
 Thro' pain, up by the roots Tliessnlian pines. Milt. 
 
 Nor with envenoitid tongue to blast tlie fame 
 Of harmless men. Philips- 
 
 2. To make odious. 
 
 Oh, what a world is this, wlicn what is comely 
 Envawms him that bears it ! Shak. Asyou likeit. 
 
 3. To enrage ; to exasperate. 
 
 With her full force slie threw the pois'nous dart. 
 And fix'd it deep within Amata's heart ; 
 That thus envenom'd slie might kindle rage, 
 And sacrifice to strife her iiouse and husband's 
 age. Dnjdcn. 
 
 E'nviable. adj, [from env}/.] Deserv- 
 ing envy ; sucli as may excite envy. 
 
 They, in an fjuwfc/e mediocrity of fortune, do 
 happify possess themselves. Carew'sSurv. of Corn. 
 
 E'nvier. n.s. [from ejivi/.] One that 
 envies another ; a maligner ; one that 
 desires the doMnfal of another. 
 
 Men had need beware how the^' be too perfect 
 in compliments ; for that emicrs will give them 
 that attribute, to the disadvantage of their virtues. 
 
 Bacon. 
 They ween'd 
 To win the mount of God, and on his throne 
 To set the envicr of his state, the proud 
 Aspirer ; but their thouglits proved fond and vain. 
 
 Milton. 
 All preferments in church and state were given 
 by him, all his kindred and friends promoted, and 
 all his enemies and eniievs discountenanced. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 E'Nvious. a(fj\ [from cnvj/.] 
 
 1. Infected with envy ; pained by the ex- 
 cellence or happiness of another. 
 
 A man of the most envious disposition that ever 
 infected the air with his breath, whose eyes could 
 not look right upon any happy man, nor ears Lear 
 the burden of any man's praise. Sidncij. 
 
 Still in th^-^ riglit hand carry gentle peace, 
 To silence envious tongues. Shakesp. //e«. VIII. 
 
 2. Sometimes with ag^ainst. 
 
 Be not thou envious against evil men. 
 
 Prov. xxiv. 19. 
 
 3. Sometimes with fl^ 
 
 Neither be thou envious at the wicked. 
 
 Proi. xxiv. 10. 
 
 4. Commonly with of. 
 
 Sure you mistake the precept, or the tree : 
 Heav'n cannot euricius (_>/ l)is blessings be. Drudcn. 
 
 E'nviously. adv. [from envious.] With 
 envy; with malignity; with ill-will, 
 excited by another's good. 
 
 Damned spirits, being fallen from heaven, en- 
 deavour enrwui^ to obstruct tlie ways that may 
 lead us tliither. Duppa. 
 
 E N U 
 
 How tnpionsly the ladies look. 
 When tliey surprise me at my book ! 
 And sure as they he alive at iii(!ht. 
 As soon as gone, will siiew theTr spi^ht. Swift. 
 To Envi'ron. v. a. [enrironner, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To surround ; to encompass ; to encir- 
 cle. 
 
 1 stand as one upon a rock, 
 Environ'd with a wilderness of sea. Shakesp. 
 
 The country near unto the city of Sullania is on 
 erery side em-ironed with huge mountains, A'no//?i. 
 
 'I'he manifold streams of coodly navii;:ible ri- 
 vers, as so many chains, environed the same site 
 and temple. Bacvn 
 
 Within the envinming rocks stood the city. 
 
 Sandvt. 
 
 Thought following thought, and step by step 
 led on. 
 He enter'd now the bordering dcsart wild. 
 And with dark shades and rocks environ'd round. 
 His holv meditation thus pursu'd. Miltcm. 
 
 God liath scattered scTcral degrees of pleasure 
 and pain in all the things that environ and afiect 
 us, and blended them togetlier in almost all our 
 thoughts. Locke. 
 
 2. To involve; to envelop. 
 
 May never glorious sun rellect his beams 
 ITpon the country whore 3-ou make abode ! 
 But darkness and the ploomy shade of death 
 Environ you, 'till mischief and dcsjiair 
 Drive you to break your necks. Shak. lien. W. 
 
 Since she must go, and i must raoum, come 
 nighi. 
 Environ lue with darkness whilst I write. Donne. 
 
 3. To surround in a hostile manner ; to 
 besiege ; to hem in. 
 
 Methought a legion of foul fiends 
 Enviroiud me and honied in mine ears. Shakesp. 
 
 In thy danger. 
 If ever danger do cnriran thee, 
 C'oinniend thy grievance to my holy prayer.S^ofc. 
 
 1 (lid but prompt the age to quit their clogs. 
 By the known rules of ancient liberty, 
 \\ hen straight a barbarous noise cnvirims mc.Milt. 
 
 4. To inclose ; to invest. 
 The soldier, that man of iron, 
 
 "Whom ribs of horrour all vnviron. Cleaveland. 
 
 Lnvi'rons. n. s. [envirnns, Fr.] The 
 neighbourhood, or neighbouring places 
 round about the country. 
 To ENU'MER.\TE. i: a. [entimero, Lat.] 
 To reckon up singly ; to count over dis- 
 tinctly ; to number. 
 
 You nmst not only acknowledge to God that 
 you arc a sinner, but must particularly enumerate 
 the kindsof sin whereof you know yourself guilty. 
 Il'ilfcc's Preparationfir Veath . 
 Besides enumerating tiie gross defect of duty to 
 the queen, 1 shew how all things were managed 
 wrong. Su-ifi. 
 
 Enumf.r.\'tion. n. s. [eniimeralio, Lat.] 
 The act of numbering tir counting over ; 
 number told out. 
 
 AVhoNoevcr reads St. Paul's enii/neration of du- 
 ties must conclude, that well nigh the business of 
 Christianity is laid on charity. Spratt. 
 
 The cheiiiisfs make spirit, salt, sulphur, water, 
 and earth their tive elements, tlujugh they arc not 
 all agreed in this eniimeratim of elements. li'atu. 
 
 To ENU'NCL\TE r. a. [eniincio, Lat.] 
 To declare ; to proclaim ; to relate ; to 
 express. 
 
 Eni'NCI.Vtion. w. s. [enunciatio, Lat] 
 
 1 . Declaraiion ; publick attestation ; open 
 proclamation. 
 
 Preacliing is to strangers and infants in Christ, 
 to produce faith ; but this sacramental enunciation 
 is the declaration and confession of it by men in 
 Christ, declaring it to be done, and ow'ned, and 
 accepted, .and prevailing. TayUr. 
 
 1. Intelligence ; information. 
 
 It remembers and retains such things as were 
 
 4M 
 
 633
 
 E N V 
 
 never at all in the sense ; as the eenceptiom, eiiun- 
 eiations, and actions of the intellect and will. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 3. Expression. 
 
 Eni/nciative. adv. [from emineiate.] 
 Declarative ; expressive. 
 
 This presumption only proceeds in respect of 
 the dispositive words, and not in regard of the 
 enunciiilive terms thereof. Atilitf'e. 
 
 Enu'nciatively. adv. [from enuncia- 
 tive.] Declarativelv. 
 
 Envoy, n.s. [etiini/'e, Tr.'] 
 
 1. A publick minister sent from one pow- 
 er to another. 
 
 EPA 
 
 Ate 
 
 ^o» the Lycian lots conspire 
 \Vith Phtehus ; now Jove's envoy through the air 
 Brings dismal tidings. Denhnm. 
 
 Perseus sent mvoys to Carthage, to kindle their 
 hatred against the lioraans. Arbuthtwt on Coins. 
 . A ptiblick messenger, in dignity below 
 an ambassador. 
 . A messenger. 
 
 The watchful sentinels at evVy gate, 
 Lt ev'ry passage to the senses wait ; 
 Still travel toand fro the nervous way, 
 And their impressions to the brain convey 
 Where their report the vital eumi/s make. 
 And with new orders are coramaiided back. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 To E'NVY. V. a. [eniier, Fr. jVu/rfereLat.] 
 1 . To hate another for excellence ; happi- 1 
 ness, or success. 
 
 Enii) thou not the oppressor, and chuse none of 
 his ways. Prov. iii. 31. 
 
 A woman does not envy a man for fighting cou- 
 rage, nor a man a woman" for her beauty. 
 
 Collier of' Emu. 
 
 2. To grieve at any qualities of excellence 
 in another. 
 
 I have seen the fight. 
 When I have envied thy behaviour. Shakesp. 
 
 You cannot envy yonr neighbour's wisdom, if 
 he gives you good counsel ; nor his riches, if he 
 supplies you in your wants ; nor his greatness, if 
 he employs it to your protection. Swift. 
 
 3. To grudge ; to impart unwillingly ; to 
 withhold maliciously. 
 
 Johnson, who, by studying Horace, had been 
 acquainted with the rules, seemed to envv others 
 that knowledge. Dryden. 
 
 To E'nvy. v. n. To feel envy ; to feel 
 pain at the sight of excellence or felici- 
 ty : with at. 
 
 Li seeking tales and informations 
 Against this man, « hose honesty the devil 
 And his disciples only envy at. 
 Ye blew the fire that burns ye. Shah Hen. Vltl. 
 
 He that loves God is not displeased at accidents 
 which God chuscs, nor envies at those gifts he be- 
 stows. Taylor. 
 
 Who would envy at the prosperity of the wick- 
 ed, and the success of persecutors .? Taylor. 
 
 E'nvy. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Pain felt and malignity conceived at the 
 sight of excellence or happiness. 
 
 Envy is a repining at tlie prosperity or good of 
 another, or anger and displeasure at any good uf 
 another, which we want, or any a^lvantage ano- 
 ther hath above us. Rayon the Creation. 
 
 Eniy, to M hich th' ignoble raind's a slave. 
 Is emulation in the learn'd or brave. Pope. 
 
 2. It is used sometimes with of. 
 All the conspirators, save only he, 
 
 Did that they did in envy ./great Caesar. Shak. 
 
 3. Sometimes with to. 
 Many suffered death merely hi ctii>^ to their 
 
 virtuous and superior genius. Swift. 
 
 4. Rivalry; competition. 
 
 You may see the parliament of women, the lit- 
 tle eni'ie^ of tliem to one another. Dryden. 
 
 5. Malice ; malignity. 
 
 Aladam, this is a meer distraction ; 
 V ou turn tlie good we offer into envy. Shakesp. 
 6. Publick odium ; ill repute ; invidious- 
 iiess. 
 
 Edward Plantagenet should be shewed unto the 
 people ; to discharge the king of the e«iv of that 
 opinion and bruit, how he ha3 been put to death 
 P"^'Lv. Bacon. 
 
 To Enwhe'el. r. a. [from wheel.] To 
 encompass ; to encircle. A word pro- 
 bably peculiar to Shakespeare. 
 
 Hail to thee, lady! and the grace of heav'n. 
 Before, behind thee, and on ev'ry hand 
 Enuheel thee round. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 To En wo'mb. v. a. [from icomi.] 
 !• To make pregnant. 
 
 Me then he left enwombed of this child. 
 This luckless child, whom tlius ye see with blood. 
 
 ^lejtser. 
 I'm your mother; 
 And put you in the catalogue of those 
 1'hat were enuombed mine. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To bury ; to hide as in a womb. 
 Or as the Africk niger stream ennombs 
 Itself into the earth, and after comes. 
 Having first made a natural bridge to pass, 
 ■For many leagues, far greater than it was ; 
 May't not be said, that her grave shall restore 
 Her greater, purer, finer, than before .' Donne. 
 Eo'lipile. n. s. [from ^olus and pila.] 
 A hollow ball of metal with a long pipe; 
 which ball, filled with water, and expos- 
 ed to the fire, sends out, as the water 
 heats, at intervals, blasts of cold wind 
 through the pipe. 
 
 Considering the structure of that globe, the ex- 
 terior crust, and the waters lying round under it, 
 both exposed to the sun, we may fitly compare it 
 to an eolipile, or an hollow sphere with water in it, 
 which the heat of the fire rarifies, and turns into 
 vapours and wind. Bnrnet'sTlieoryof the Earth. 
 Epa'ct. n. s. [i»axT>i.] A number, where- 
 by we note the excess of the common 
 solar year above the lunar, and thereby 
 may find out the age of the moon every 
 year. For the solar year consisting of 
 365 days, tlie lunar but of 354, the luna- 
 tions every year get eleven days before 
 the solar year ; and thereby, in 19 years, 
 the moon completes 20 times 1 2 luna- 
 tions, or gets up one whole solar year ; 
 and having finished that circuit, begins 
 again with the sun, and so from 19 
 to 19 years. For the first year after- 
 wards, the moon will go before the sun 
 but 1 1 days ; the second year 22 
 days ; the third 33 days : but 30 be- 
 ing an entire lunation, cast that away, 
 and the remainder 3 shall be that year's 
 epact ; and so on, adding yearly 11 
 days. To find the epact, having the 
 prime or golden number given, you have 
 this rule : 
 
 Divide hy three ; for each one left add ten ; 
 Thirt}' reject : the jirime makes fpuct then. Harris. 
 
 As the cycle of the moon serves to shew the 
 epacts, and that of the sun the dominical letter, 
 throughout all their variations ; so this Dionysian 
 period serves to shew these two cycles both toije- 
 thcr, and how they proceed or vary all along, 'till 
 at last they accomplish their period, and both to- 
 gether take their beginning again, after every 
 532d year. Holder. 
 
 Epa'ulment. n. s. [Fr. from epaitle a 
 shoulder. ] In fortification, a sidework 
 made either of earth thrown up, of bags 
 of earth, gabions, or of fascines and 
 
 E P I 
 
 earth. It sometimes denotes a semibas- 
 tion and a square orillion, or mass of 
 earth faced and lined with a waU, design- 
 ed to cover the cannon of a cazemate. 
 
 T. , Harris. 
 
 EPE NTHESis. n. s. [.V„S.o-K.] [In gram- 
 mar.] The addition of a vowel or con- 
 sonant in the middle of a word. Harris. 
 
 EPHA. 71. s. [Hebrew.] A measure* 
 among the Jews, containing fifteen solid 
 mches. 
 
 The epha and the bath shall be of one measure ■ 
 that the hath may contain the tenth part of aii 
 homer, and the epha the tenth part of an homer. 
 
 T-, , „ , Esekiel. 
 
 Ephemera, n. s. [i?)^^£^„.] 
 
 1. A fever that terminates in one day, 
 
 2. An insect that lives only one day. 
 Ephe'meral. ladj. [;^i,|U%ie?.] Diur- 
 Ephe'merick. J nal; beginning and 
 
 ending in a day. 
 
 This was no more than a mere bubble or blast, 
 and like an ephemeral fit of applause. WoUm 
 
 EPHE'MERIS. n. s. [ly-^^c.^.?.] 
 
 1. A journal; an account of daily trans- 
 actions. 
 
 2. An account of the daily motions and 
 sittiations of the planets. 
 
 When casting up his eyes against the light. 
 Both month, and day, a«d hour he measur'd 
 
 right ; 
 And told more truly than the ephemeris; 
 For art may err, but nature cannot miss. Drydtn. 
 Ephe'merist. n.s. [(rom ephemeris.] 
 One who consults the planets ; one who 
 studies or practises astrology. 
 
 ■fhe night before he was discoursing of and 
 
 slighting the art of foolish astrologers, and gene- 
 
 /lemcrists, that pry into the horoscope of 
 
 thiacal ej). 
 
 nativities. " " tloioel. 
 
 Ephemeron-worm. n. s. [from 
 iip^^i^oir and worm.] A sort of worm 
 that lives but a day. 
 
 Swammerdam observes of the ephemeron-wormit 
 tliat their food is clay, and that they make their 
 cells of the same. Derham. 
 
 E'PHOD. n.s. [.19>i] A sort of ornament 
 worn by the Hebrew priests. That worn 
 by the high priest was richly composed 
 of gold, blue, purple, crimson, and twis- 
 ted cotton ; and upon the part which 
 came over his two shoulders were two 
 large precious stones, upon which were 
 engraven the names of the twelve tribes 
 of Israel, upon each stone six names. 
 Where the ephod crossed the high 
 priest's breast, was a square ornament, 
 called the breast plate ; in which twelve 
 precious stones were set, with the names 
 of the twelve tribes of Israel engraved 
 on them, one on each stone. The ephods 
 worn by the other priests were of plain 
 linen. Calmet. 
 
 He made the ephod of gold blue, and purple, 
 and scarlet, and fine twined linen. Exod. xxxix. 2. 
 
 Array'd in ephods ; nor so few 
 As are those jiearls of morning dew. 
 Which hang on herbs and flowers. Sandys. 
 
 E'pic. adj. [epicus, Lat. Jb-o;.] Narrative; 
 comprising narrations, not acted, but 
 rehearsed. It is usually supposed to be 
 heroick, or to contain one great action 
 achieved by a hero. 
 
 634
 
 E P I 
 
 Holmes, whose name shall live in epic song, 
 While music numbers, or while verse has feet. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 The epic poem is more for the mann«rs, and llie 
 tragedy for the passions. Vryden. 
 
 From morality tliey formed that kind of poem 
 and fable wliicli we call epic. Broome. 
 
 Epice'dium. n.s. [nnxiJio;.] An elegy ; 
 a poem upon a funeral. 
 
 You from above shall hear each day 
 One dirge dispatch'd unto your clay ; 
 These, your own anthems, shall become 
 Your lasting epicedium. Sandys's Paraphrase. 
 
 EPICURE, n.s. [epicureus/Lat.] A fol- 
 lower of Epicurus; a man given -wholly 
 to luxury. 
 
 Then fly false thanes, 
 And mingle with the English epicures. Shakesp. 
 The epicure buckles to study, ■vvheti shame, or 
 the desire to recommend himself to his mistress, 
 shall make him uneasy in the want of any sort of 
 knowledge. Locke. 
 
 Epicurean, adj. Luxurious; contri- 
 buting to liLxury. 
 
 Tie up the libertine in a field of feasts, | 
 
 Keep his brain fuming ; epicurean cooks, i 
 
 Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. Shakesp. 
 
 What a danm'tl epicurean rascal is this. Shak. 
 E'PTCURISM. n.s. [from epicufe.] Luxury ; 
 sensual enjoyment ; gross pleasure. 
 
 Here you ilo keep a hundred knights and 
 squires; 
 JMen so disordcr'd, so debauch'd, and bold. 
 That tliis our court, infected with their manners, 
 Shews like a riotous inn ; epicurism and lust 
 Make it a tavern or a brothel. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 There is not half so much epicurism in any of 
 their most studied luxuries, as a bleeding fame at 
 their mercy. Governm. Tongue. 
 
 Some good men have ventured to call munifi- 
 cence, the greatest sensuality, a piece o( epicurism. 
 Calamys Sermons. 
 ToEpiCURl'ZE. v.a. [(rom Epicurus.] To 
 devour like an epicure. A word not used. 
 
 While I could see thee full of eager pain 
 5Iv greedy eyes qticurizd on thine. Ftatman. 
 
 Epicycle, n.s. [twi and wkX©-.] A little 
 circle whose centre is in the circumfer- 
 ence of a greater ; or a small orb, which, 
 being in the deferent of a planet, is car- 
 ried along with its motion ; and yet, 
 with its own peculiar motion, carries 
 the body of the planet fastened to it 
 round about its proper centre. Harris. 
 In regard of the epicitcte, or lesser orb, wherein 
 ittiioveth, the nioti(>n of the moon is various and 
 unequal. Brown. 
 
 Gird the sphere 
 With centric and eccentric, scribbl'd o'er ; 
 Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb. MiHon^s Par. Lost. 
 
 Epicy'cloid. n.s. [£c-utMt>ioii^?.] A curve 
 generated by the revolution of the pe- 
 riphery of a circle along the convex or 
 concave part of another circle. Harris. 
 
 EpIDE;mICAL.) ^. ^j,} and ^^^^.] 
 
 Epidemick. ) *^ 
 
 1. That which falls at once upon great 
 numbers of people, as a plague. 
 
 It was conceived not to be an epidemic disease, 
 Imt to proceed from a malignity in tlie constitu- 
 tion of tUe jiir, gatliered by the predispositions of 
 seHSOtis. Bacon. 
 
 As the proportion o( epidemical diseases shews 
 :the aptness of the air to sudden and vehement 
 impressions, the cl:runical diseases shew the ordi- 
 nary temper of the place. Craunt. 
 
 2. Generally prevailing; affecting great 
 numbers. 
 
 The more epidemical and prevailing this evil is, 
 the more honourable are those who shine as ex- 
 ceptions. South. 
 
 E P I 
 
 He ought to have been busied in losine his ran-i 
 ncy, or in other amusements equally laudable and 
 epidemick among persons of honour. SuiJ't. 
 
 3. General ; universal. Not used, nor pro- 
 per. 
 
 They're citizens o' th' world, they're all in all ; 
 Scotland's a nation epidemical. CUaveland. 
 
 Epidermis, n.s. [wiii^i?.] The scarf- 
 skin of a man's body. 
 E'PIGRAM. n. s. [epigramma, Lat.] A 
 short poem terminating in a point. 
 
 A college of witcrackers cannot fl"ut me out of 
 
 my liuuiour ; do'st thou think I care for a siitire or 
 
 an epigi'am ? Sliakesp. 
 
 What can be more witty than the epigiam of 
 
 Moore upon the name of Nicolaus, an ignorant 
 
 physician, that had been the death ot thousands ? 
 
 Peucham of Poetry. 
 
 I writ 
 
 An epigram that boasts more tnrtTi than wrt. Gay. 
 
 Epigramma'tical. \ailj. [cpigra-mma- 
 Epigramma'tick. J ticus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Dealing in epigrams ; writing epigrams. 
 
 Our good epigrammatical poet, old Godfrey of 
 Winchester, tliinketh no ominous forespeaking to 
 lie in names. Camden. 
 
 2. Suitable to epigrams ; belonging to epi- 
 grams. 
 
 He is every where above conceits of epigramma- 
 tick wit and gross hyperboles : he maintains ma- 
 jesty in the midst of plainness; he shines, but 
 glares not ; and is stately, without ambition. Addis. 
 ' He has none of those little points and puerili- 
 ties that are so often to be met with in Ovid ; none 
 of the epi^mmmaficfc turns of Lucan ; none of those 
 swelling sentiments which are so frequent in Sla- 
 tius and Claudian ; none of those raixt embellish- 
 ments of Tasso. Addison. 
 Epigra'mmatist. n.s. [from epigram.] 
 One who writes or deals in epigrams. 
 
 A jest upo:i a poor wit, at first might have had 
 an epigrammatist for its father, and been afterwards 
 gravely understood by some painful collector. Po/if. 
 Such a customer the e/)?oTam7nati5f Martial meets 
 withal, one who, after he had walked through the 
 fairest street twice or thrice, cheapening jewels, 
 plate, rich hangings, came away with a wooden 
 dish. Peachum. 
 
 Epi'graphie. n. s. [iTiy^api.] An in- 
 scription on a statue. Did. 
 ETILEPSY. n. s. [i.r;;^«^^■^] A convul- 
 sion, or convulsive motion of the whole 
 bod}', or some of its parts, with a loss of 
 sense. A convulsive motion hapj)ens 
 when the blood, or nervous fluid, runs 
 into any part with so great violence, that 
 the mind cannot restrain them. Qitiiici/. 
 
 I\Iv li'rd is fell into an epilepsy : 
 This'is the second fit. " Shakesp. Otiielto. 
 
 Melancholy distempers are deduced from spi- 
 rits drawn from that cacochymia ; the phrenitis 
 from cliolerick spirits, and ihe'eidlcpsu from fuuies. 
 Floijeron the Humours. 
 
 Epile'ptick. adj. [from epilepsy.] Con- 
 vulsed; diseased with an epilepsy. 
 
 A plague upon your epileptick visage I 
 Smile you my speeches, as I were a fool -Shakesp. 
 
 Epilcpticks ought to breathe a pure air, unalVect- 
 
 ed with any steams, even such as are very fragrant. 
 
 .irhuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Epilogue, n.s. 'epilogus, hat.] The 
 poem or speech at the end of a play. 
 
 If it be true that good wine lueds no hush, 'tis 
 true that a good play needs no cjiiVn^uc; yet to 
 goodlwiiie thev do use good bushes. and good plays 
 prove the better by the help of good epilogues. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Are you mad , you dog ? 
 I am to rise aiid speak the epilogue. Dryden 
 
 Epiny'ctis. n. s. [iwi»i/x!i{.] V sore at 
 the corner of tlie eye. 
 
 E P I 
 
 Tli£ epinyctis is of tlie bigness of a lupin, of a 
 dusky red, aud sumetinics of a livjd and pale co- 
 lour, with great iuHamniation and pain. 
 
 Wiseman t Surgery. 
 
 Epi'phany. n.t. [iwi^aiim.] A church 
 festival, celebrated on the twelfth day 
 after Christma«, in commemoration of 
 our .Saviour's being manifested to the 
 world, by the appearance of a miracu- 
 lous blazing star, which conducted the 
 magi lo the place where he was. Did. 
 
 Epihhone'ma. n.s. [ivi^arniia.] .An ex- 
 clamation ; a conclusive eentence not 
 closely connected with the words fore- 
 going. 
 
 I know a gentleman, who made it a rule in read- 
 ing to skip over all senlences where he spied a note 
 of admiration at the end. If those preachers w ho 
 abound in ipiphonemas wou.d but loi>k about them, 
 they would find one part of their congregation out. 
 of countenance and the other asleep, except per- 
 haps an old female beggar or two in the aisles ; 
 who, if they be sincere, may probably groan at the 
 sound. Surifi. 
 
 Epi'phora. n.s. [twKpo^x.] An inflam- 
 mation of any part, but more especially 
 a defluxion of humours on the eyes. 
 
 //<7»ri*. 
 
 Epiphyllospe'rmous. adj. [from ixi, 
 ^vMjit and (rwi^fA.a.] Is applied to plants 
 that bear their seed on the back part of 
 their leaves. Harris. 
 
 Epi'physis. n.s. [iiriipvs-if.] Accretion; 
 the part added by accretion ; one bone 
 growing to another by simple contiguity, 
 without any proper articulation. QMJnr^. 
 The epiphysis of the os femoris is a distinct bone 
 from it in a child, whereas in a man thev do en- 
 tirely unite. Tris«mu». 
 
 Epi'PLOCE. n.s. [t)ri«-XoK)j.] A figure of 
 rhetorick, by which one aggravation, or 
 striking circumstance, is added in due 
 gradation to another; as, he net only 
 spared his enemies, but conliiiiitd Hum 
 in employment ; not only continued, but 
 advanced thnn. 
 
 Episcopacy, n. s. [episcopalus, Lat.] 
 The government of bishops, the govern- 
 ment of the church established by tlie 
 apostles. 
 
 The bishops durst not contest with the assem- 
 bly in jurisdiclion; so that there was little more 
 than the name of e/?(Viip<icu preserved. Clarendon. 
 Prelacy itself cannot be proved by prescription, 
 since qnsciypacy is not prescribed by any time 
 whatsoever. Aylijfe. 
 
 Episcopal, adj. [from ipiscopus.hat.] 
 
 1 . Belonging to a bishop. 
 
 The plot of discipline souglit to erect a popular 
 authority of elders, and to take away episrojwi/ ju- 
 risdiction. Hooker. 
 
 2. Vested in a bishop. 
 
 The apostle commands Titus not only to be a 
 pattern of gootl wurks himself, but to use his n»ii- 
 copal authority in exhorting every rank and order 
 of men. Itogfrt. 
 
 Epi'scopate. n.s. [episcopatuSj'Lat.] .\ 
 bishoprick ; the office and dignity of a 
 bishop. 
 
 EPISODE, n.s. [iinyaJpi.] An inciden- 
 tal narrative, or digression in a poem, 
 separable from tlie main subject, yet 
 rising naturally from it. 
 
 The poem litilli no other €}»sodes than such as 
 naturally arise from the subject. ,iddi.''?n'sSpect. 
 
 635
 
 E P I 
 
 Episo'dical. ladj. [from episode.] Con- 
 Episo'dick. 3 tained in an episode ; 
 pertaining to an episode. 
 
 Episotiicat ornaments, such as descriptions and 
 narrations, were delivered to us from ilie observa- 
 tions of Aristotle. Dryaui. 
 
 1 discover the difference between the episihl,ck 
 and principal action, as well as the nature of epi- 
 sodes. KoU'sonlhe Oditssey. 
 EpISPA'STICK. «. S. [iWl and airau.] " 
 
 1. Drawing. 
 
 2. Blistering. Tliis is now the more fre- 
 quent, thougii less proper sense. 
 
 Tl\e matter ought to he solicited to the lower 
 parts, by fomentations, batliing, epispasticks, an<l 
 blistering. Arlmthnnt. 
 
 EPI'STLE. n. s. [Iff.roXi.] A letter. This 
 word is seldom used but in poetry, or on 
 occasions of dignity and solemnity. 
 
 When loose eputles violate chaste eyes. 
 She half consents who silently denies. Dryden. 
 Epi'stolary. adj. [from epistle.] 
 
 1 . Relating to letters ; suitable to letters. 
 
 2. Transacted by letters. 
 
 I shall carry on miepistolary correspondence be- 
 tween the two heads. Addison. 
 
 Epi'sti.ek. n. s. [from epistle] A scrib- 
 bler of letters. 
 
 E'pitaph. n.s. [t9ri1a(pio?.] An inscrip- 
 tion upon a tomb. 
 
 Live still, and write mine epitaph. Shakesp. 
 
 Some thy lov'd dust in Parian stones enshrine, 
 Others imniurtal epitaphs design ; 
 With wit and strength that only yields to thine. 
 
 Smith. 
 EpITIIALA'MIUM. n. S. [!« SaAafc®-.] A 
 
 nuptial song ; a compliment ujjon mTir- 
 riage. 
 
 I presume to hivite you to these sacred nuptials: 
 the epithalamittm sung by a crowned nnise. San*/ i/s. 
 The forly-liftli psalm is an epithulamium to Christ 
 and the cliurch, or to the lamb and his spouse. 
 
 Burnet. 
 E'piTHEM. n.s. [lm^n[ia.] A liquid me- 
 dicament externally applied. 
 
 Kpithems, or cordial applications, are justly ap- 
 plied unto the left breast. Bnnens Vnlgar Ei^onrs. 
 Cordials and epithenisareaUo necessary, to resist 
 the putrefaction, and strengthen the vitals. Tl'isem. 
 E'PITHET. n. S. [im^iToy.] 
 1 . An adjective denoting any quality good 
 or bad : as, the verdant grove, the crag- 
 gy mountain's Iqfti/ head. 
 
 1 athrm with phlegm, leaving the ep/(/fe(5 of false, 
 scandalous, and villanous to the author. .Steijt. 
 
 i- It is used by some writers improperly 
 for title, name. 
 
 The epithet of shades belonged more properly to 
 the darkness than the refreshment. Deeaytif Piety. 
 3. It is used impi'operly for phrase, ex- 
 pression. 
 
 For which of my good parts did you first sutler 
 love for me ? 
 
 SuHVr love I a good epithet : 1 do suffer love in- 
 deed ; for [ love thee against my will. Shak. 
 
 EPI'TOME. n. s. [isriTo/iJi.] Abridge- 
 ment ; abbreviature ; compendious ab- 
 stract ; compendium. 
 
 This is a poor epitome of your's, 
 W'hicli, by th' interpretation of full time, 
 Ma^ shew like all yourself. SItakesp. Coriolantts. 
 
 hpitomes are helpful to the memory, and of good 
 private use ; but set forth for publick monuments, 
 accuse the industrious writers of delivering much 
 unpertincncy. Wotton. 
 
 It would be well, if there were a short and plain 
 epitome made, containing the most material heads. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Such abstracts and epitomes may be reviewed in 
 
 E Q U 
 
 To E'piTOMiSE. v,a. [from epitome.] 
 
 1 . To abstract ; to contract Into a narrow 
 space. 
 
 Who did tlie whole world's soul contract, and 
 drove 
 Into the glasses of your t/es ; 
 So made such mirronrs aiid such spies, 
 That they did all to _ynu epitomise. Donnt: 
 
 If the ladies take a liking to such a diminutive 
 race, we should see ninnkiud epitomized, and tlie 
 whole species in miniature. Addison. 
 
 2. Less properly, to diminish by ampu- 
 tation ; to curtail. 
 
 We have epitomized many particular words, to 
 the detriment of our tongue. Addison's Sped. 
 
 Epi'tomiser. }7i. s. [from epitomise.] 
 Epi'tomist. I An abridger ; an ab- 
 stracter; a writer of epitomes. 
 E'pocH. ) n. s. [I'Tox'i-] The time at 
 Epo'CHA.j which a new computation 
 is begun ; the time from which dates are 
 numbered. 
 
 Moses distinctly computes by certain intervalsj 
 memorable a^ras and cpochas, or terras of time. 
 
 Broun. 
 
 These are the practices of the world, since tlie 
 
 year sixty ; the grand epoch of falsehood as well 
 
 as debauchery. South. 
 
 Some lazv ages, lost in sleep and ease. 
 No action leave to Inisy chronicles : 
 Such whose supine felicity but makes 
 In story chasms, in epnchas mistakes. Dryden. 
 Their several epochas or beginnings, as from the 
 creation of the world, from the flood, from the first 
 olympiad, from the building of Rome, or from any 
 remarkable passaiie or accident, give us a pleasant 
 prospect into the histories of antiquity and of 
 former ages. Bolder on Time. 
 
 Time is always reckoned from some known 
 pnrls of this sensible world, and from some certain 
 epochs marked out to us by the motions observa- 
 ble in it. Locke. 
 
 l"ime, by necessity compell'd, shall go 
 Through scenes of war, and epochas of woe. PHor. 
 Epo'de. n.s. [eVw^f^-.] The Stanza follow- 
 ing the strophe and antistrophe 
 Epope'e. n.s. [ettottj*.] An epick or he- 
 roick poem. 
 
 Tragedy borrows from the epopee, and that which 
 borrows is of less dignity, because it has not of its 
 own. Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 Epula'tion. n. s. [epulatioj Lat.] Ban- 
 quet ; feast. 
 
 Contented with bread and water, when he 
 
 would dine with J uve, and pretended to qmlation, 
 
 he desired uo other addition than a piece of cheese. 
 
 Browns Vulg, Err. 
 
 Epulo'tick. n. s. [IvovP^uTiK^.] A cica- 
 trising medicament. 
 
 The ulcer, incarncd with common sarcoticks, 
 and the ulcerations about it, were cured by oint- 
 ment of tuty, and such like epidoticks. 
 
 Wiseman of Inflammation 
 
 Equabi'hty. n. s. [from equable.] Equal- 
 ity to itself; evenness ; uniformity. 
 
 For the celestial bodies, (he equability and con- 
 stancy of their motions argue them ordained by 
 Wisdom. Ray. 
 
 The equability^ of the temperature of the air ren- 
 dered the Asiaticks lazy. ArbuthnotonAir. 
 
 E'QUABLE. adj. [ceqnahiUs, Lat] Equal 
 to itself; even ; imiform in respect to 
 form, motion, or temperature. 
 
 He would have the vast body of a planet to be 
 as elegant and round as a factitious globe repre- 
 sents it ; to be every where smooth and equable, 
 and as plajn as the elysian fields. Bentley. 
 
 Nothing abates acrimony of the blood more 
 than an equable motion of it, neither too swift nor 
 too slow ; for too quick a motion produceth an al- 
 kaline, and too sjowanacid acnmony. Arbuthnot. 
 
 E Q U 
 
 ly ; in the same tenoiir ; evenly ; equallv 
 to itself. ^ ' 
 
 If bodies move equably in cnnccntrick circles, 
 
 u "'''/q'"ares of their periodical times be as the 
 
 cubes of then djslances from the common centre, 
 
 llieir centripetal forces will be reciprocally as the 
 
 sipmrcs of the distances. Cheyne 
 
 E'qual. adj. [a-gitalis, Lat.] 
 
 I . Likeanotlier in bulk, excellence, or any 
 
 other quality that admits comparison ; 
 
 neither greater nor less ; neither worse 
 
 nor better. 
 
 If thou be among greil men, make not thyself 
 equal with them. Eccles. 
 
 Equal lot 
 
 May join ws ; equal jay, as equal love. Milton. 
 
 Althouf;li there were no man to take notice of 
 
 it, every triangle would contain three angles co«ai 
 
 to two right angles. Hale. 
 
 2. Adequ.-ite to any purpose. 
 
 The Scots trusted not tlii-ir own numbers, as 
 equal to fight with the English. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Even; uniform. 
 
 He laughs at all the vulg.ar cares and fears. 
 At their vain triumphs, and their vainer tears ; 
 An equal temper in his mind he found, 
 When fortune flattcr'd him, and when she frown'd. 
 
 Ihink not of me : — ' — ' — - -■ 
 
 May learn to bear tl 
 
 _ perhaps my equal mnid 
 ods 
 
 their proper places. Watts's Improv, (f the Mind. ['^QVA'Bl.Y. ado [from equable.] Unitorm 
 
 fate the gods allot me. 
 
 Smith. 
 I In just proportion. 
 
 It is not permitted me to make my commenda- 
 tion equal to your merit. Dryden's Fab. Dedication. 
 S. Impartial ; neutral. 
 
 Each to his proper fortune stand or fall ; 
 Equal and unconcerit'd I look on all : 
 Rutilians, Trojans, are the same to me. 
 And both shall draw the lots their fates decree. 
 Dryden's ^neid. 
 
 0. Jnclitterent. 
 They who are not disposed to receive them, 
 
 may let them alone, or reject them : it is equal to 
 me. _ Cheyne s Phil. Prin. 
 
 7. Equitable ; advantageous alike to both 
 parties. 
 
 He submitted himself, and sware to all eqiial 
 conditions. Mac. 
 
 8 . Being upon the same terms. 
 They made the married, orphans, widows, yea, 
 
 and the aged also, equal in spoils with themsefves. 
 
 Mac 
 
 E'qual. w. ,?. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. One not inferior or superior to another. 
 
 lie is enamoured on Hero : I pray you, dissuade 
 him from her; she is no equal for his birth. 
 
 Shakesp. Much Ado. 
 
 He would make them all equals to the citizens 
 of Home. 2 Mac. \x. 15. 
 
 Those who were once his equals, envy and de- 
 fame him, because they now see him their supe- 
 rior ; and those who were once his superiors, be- 
 cause they look upon him as their equal. Addison. 
 
 To my dear equal in my native land. 
 My plighted vow I gave : I his received; 
 Each swore with truth, with pleasure each believ'd : 
 The mutual contract was to licav'n convey 'd.Pmr. 
 3. One of the same age. 
 
 1 profited in the Jews religion above many my 
 equals in mine own nation. Gat. i. 14. 
 
 To Equal, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To make one tiling or person equal to 
 another. 
 
 2. To rise to the same state with another 
 person. 
 
 I know no body so like to equal him, even at the 
 age he wrote most of them as yourself. 
 
 Trumbull to Pope. 
 
 3. To be equal to. 
 One whose all not eqtials Edward's moiety. Shak. 
 
 4. To recompense fully ; to answer in full 
 proportion. 
 
 636
 
 E Q U 
 
 She souglil Sicheua through the shady grove, 
 Wliu answer'd all her cares, and equai d all her 
 love. Dry den. 
 
 Nor you, great queen, these offices repent. 
 Which hewnl equal, and perhaps augment. I)ri/d. 
 
 To E'QUALISE. r. a. [from equal,] 
 
 1. To make even. 
 
 To eqitolise accounts we will allow three hundred 
 
 Sears, and so long a time as we can manifest from 
 le Scripture. Broun. 
 
 2. To be equal to : a sense not used. 
 
 That would make the moved body, remaining 
 what it is, in regard of its bigness, to equalise and 
 fit a tliuig bigger than it is. ^^'S^^y- 
 
 Ye lofty beeches, tell this niatchlesi dame. 
 That if toge thcr ye fed all one flame, 
 It couid not equalise the hundredth part 
 Of what lier eyes have kindled in my heart. Waller. 
 Equa'lity. w. s, [from equal.] 
 
 1. Likeness with regard to any quantities 
 compared. 
 
 Equality of two doracstick powers. 
 Breeds scrupulous faction. Shah. Ant. and Cleop, 
 
 2. The same degree of dignity. 
 
 One shall rise. 
 Of proud ambition ; who, not content 
 With fair equality, fraternal state, 
 Will iirrogate dominion undeserv'd 
 Over his brethren. MUton^s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Accoriling to this equality wherein God hath 
 placed all mankind, with relation to himself, in all 
 the relations between man and man there is a mu- 
 tual dependance. Siiift. 
 
 3. Evenness ; uniformity ; constant te- 
 nour; equability. 
 
 Measure out the Hvesof men, and periodically 
 define the alterations of their tempers, conceive a 
 regularity in mutations, with an rqualiti^ in consti- 
 tutions, and forget that variety which physicians 
 therein discover. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 E'qually. adv. [from equal,] 
 
 1. In the same degree with another per- 
 son or thing ; alike. 
 
 To reconcile men's vices to their fears is the aim 
 of all the various schemes and projects of sin, and 
 is equally intended by atheism and immorality. 
 
 Jiogers. 
 
 The covetous are equally impatient of their con- 
 dition, equaltu tempted with the wages of unright- 
 eousness, as^if they were indeed poor. Rogers. 
 
 2. Evenly; equably; uniformly. 
 
 If the motion of the sun were as unequal as of 
 a ship, sometimes slow, and at others swift ; or, if 
 being constantly equally swift, it yet was not cir- 
 cular, and produced not the samea[)pearancos, it 
 would not help us to measure time more than the 
 motion of a comet does. Locke. 
 
 3. Impartially. 
 
 We sliall use them. 
 As we shall find their merits and our safety 
 May equally determine. Shakesp, King Lear. 
 
 E'qualness. n. s. [from equal.] Equality. 
 Let me lament 
 That our stars unreconcileable should have divided 
 Our cqualness to this. Shakesp. 
 
 Equan'gular. adj. [from c^?/?/s and ah- 
 gulus^ Lat.] Consisting of equal angles. 
 
 Equani'mity. n, s. [cvquanimitas, Lat.] 
 Evenness of mind, neither elated nor de- 
 pressed. 
 
 Equa'nimous. adj, ^[(vquanimis, Lat.] 
 Even ; not dejected ; not elated. 
 
 Equa'tion. 71. s, [(equare, Lat.] The in- 
 vestigation of a mean proportion col- 
 lected from the extremities of excess and 
 defect, to be applied to the whole. 
 
 We are to find out the extrcmilies on both 
 sides, and from and between them the middle dai- 
 ly motions of the sun along the Eclrptick ; and to 
 frame tables of equation of natural days, to be ap- 
 plied to t).e mean motion by addition or suhtrac- 
 tinn.as the case shall require. Holder on Time. 
 
 By an argument taken frora the equatiiHis of the 
 
 E Q U 
 
 times ofthe eclipses ofjupiter's satellites, it seemj 
 that light ii propagated in time, spending in its 
 passage from the sun to us about seven minutes 
 of time. Kndm's Upticks. 
 
 Equa'tion. [In algebra.] Is an expression 
 of the same quantity in two dissimilar 
 terms, but of equal value ; as, 3s. =: 36d. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Equa'tion. [fn astronomy.] The differ- 
 ence between the time marked out by 
 the sun's apparent motion, and the time 
 that is measured by its real or middle 
 motion ; according to which clocks and 
 watches ought to be adjusted. Diet. 
 
 EQUATOR, n. *. [miualor, Lat.] The 
 equator on the earth, or equinoctial in 
 the heavens, is a great circle, whose 
 poles are the poles of the world. It di- 
 vides the globe into two equal parts, the 
 northern and southern hemispheres. It 
 passes through the east and west points 
 of tiie horizon ; and at the meridian is 
 raised as much above the horizon as is 
 the complement of the latitude of the 
 place. Whenever the sun comes to tliis 
 circle, it makes equal days and nights all 
 round the globe, because he then rises 
 due east and sets due west.whichhe doth 
 at no other time of the year. Harris. 
 By reason of the convexity of ti.e earth, the eye 
 of man, under the ci^aator, cannot discover both 
 the poles ; neither ^vouId tlie eye, under the poles, 
 discover the sun in the equator. Bronn's y^ig. Err. 
 On the other side the equuiar, there is nnish land 
 still remaining undiscovered. Rauorithe Creation. 
 Kocks rich in gems, and mountains I ig witli 
 mines. 
 That on the high eqnatffr ridgy rise. 
 Whence many a bursting stream auriferous plays. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Equato'rial. adj. [from equator.] Per- 
 taining to the equator ; taken at the 
 equator. 
 
 Jhe planets have spheroidical figures, and obli- 
 quities of their equatorial to their ecliptick planes. 
 
 Ckeyne. 
 
 E'querry. n. s. [ecurie, Dut] Master of 
 the horse. 
 
 Eque'strian. adj. [cquestris, L^t] 
 
 1 . Being on horseback . 
 
 An equcs'.r'uin lady appeared upon tlie plains. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 2. Skilled in horsemanship. 
 
 3. Belonging to the second rank in Rome. 
 Equicru'ral. } adj. [mquus and criis, 
 Equicru're. 5 Lat.] 
 
 I. Having legs of an equal length. 
 -. Having the legs of an equal length, 
 and longer tlian the base ; isosceles. 
 
 An equicrure triangle goes upon a certain pro- 
 portion of length and breiidth. Digby on the Sntl. 
 We successively draw lines from angle to angle 
 until seven f^Htcrumltriangles be descrilied.UroirH. 
 Equidi'stant. adj. [eqiius and distans, 
 
 Lat.] At the same distance. 
 Equidi'.stantly. adv. [trom equidis- 
 tant.] At the same distance. 
 
 The fixt stars are not all j)l;iced ia the same con- 
 cave superfices, and equkiisluut from us, as tliey 
 seem to be. Rati. 
 
 The liver, seated on the right side, by the sub- 
 clavian division equidistantly communicates unto 
 either arm. Broirn. 
 
 Equiformity. n.s. [a-qiius and forma, 
 Lat.] Uniform equality. 
 
 E Q U 
 
 No divCTsitv or difference, but a simplicity of 
 parts and equj/ormity of motion. Brawn' i I'utg.iirr. 
 
 EQUiLA'TERAL.flrf/. [cquus and /atus,Lat.] 
 I laving all sides equal. 
 
 Circles or squares, or triangles eyiii/a(rra/, which 
 are all figures of equal lines, can differ but in 
 greater or lesser. Haron. 
 
 Trifling futility appears in their twelve signs of 
 the zodiack and their aspects : why no mf*re as- 
 pects than diametrically oi>posite, an<l such as 
 iimite equiUiterat figures r lUntUu. 
 
 To Equili'brate. II. a. [from equilibri- 
 um.] To balance equally ; to keep even 
 with equal weight on e.ich side. 
 
 If the point of the knife, drawn over the loa'i- 
 stone, have in this atlViciion been drawn from 
 the equator of the loadstone towards the pole, it 
 will attract one of the extremes of an eqijibrated 
 magnetick needle. Boyle's Eiperiments. 
 
 The bodies of fishes are equiUbratd with the wa- 
 ter in which they swim. Arbuthiwton.i'ir. 
 Equilibra'TION. n. s. [from equilibrate.] 
 Equipoise ; the act of keeping the ba- 
 lance even. 
 
 The accession of bodies upon, or secession there- 
 of from the earth's surface, perturb not the equili- 
 l/ration of either hemisphere. BroicTis Vutg. Err. 
 
 In so great a variety of motions, as running, 
 leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of eqnitibratiom 
 are observed. Derham. 
 
 Equilibrium, n.s. [Lat.] 
 
 1 . Equipoise ; equalitj' of weight. 
 
 2. Equality of evidence, motives, or pow- 
 ers of any kind. 
 
 Things are not left to an eqniUbrmm. to hover 
 under an indilTercnce whether they shall come to 
 pass, or not come to pass. Semth. 
 
 It is in equilibria 
 
 If deities descend or no ; 
 
 'i'hen let th' atlirmative prevail 
 
 As requisite to form my tale. Pritrr. 
 
 Health consists in the ejuiliM-ium between those 
 two powers, when the fluids move so equally that 
 they don't press upon tlie solids with a greater 
 force than they can bear. Arl^hnot. 
 
 Equine'cess.\ry. adj. [o'quus and neees- 
 sarius,L,at.] Needful in the same degree. 
 
 For b(»th to give blows and to carry, 
 In tights, are equijiecessarq. Hudibras. 
 
 Equino'ctial. n.s. [(TjwKsandno.r, Lat.] 
 The line that encompasses the world at 
 an equal distance from either pole, to 
 wliicli circle when the sun comes, he 
 makes equal daj's and nights all over the 
 globe ; the same with equator. 
 
 Equinoctial, adj. [from equinox.] 
 
 1. I'ert.iining to the equinox. 
 
 Tlnice th' equinoctial line 
 He circled ; four times cross'd the car of night 
 From pole to t>ole, tr.i versing each colore. Mittim. 
 
 Some say the sun 
 Was bid turn reins from ih' e<juiiuiclta( road. 
 Like distant breadth. Milton's Par. L<xt. 
 
 2. H.ippening about the time of the equi- 
 noxes. 
 
 3. Being near the equinoctial line ; having 
 the propertiesof things near the equator. 
 
 In vain thev covet shades and liiracia's gales. 
 Pining with equinoctial heat. Philips. 
 
 Equino'ctially. adr. [from equinoc- 
 tial.] In the direction of the equinoctial. 
 They ma3- be refrigerated indanateiy. or some- 
 what equinoctialltf ; th.il is, towards ilie eastern 
 and wi'btern points. Brvurn, 
 
 EQUINOX, n.s. [cequus arid nox, Lat] 
 I. Equinoxes are the precise times in 
 which the sun enters into the first point 
 of Aries and Libra ; for then, moving ex- 
 actly wider the equinoctial, he makes 
 
 637
 
 E Q U 
 
 OUT days and nitjhts equal. This he doth 
 twice a year, about the 21st of March 
 and 23d of September, which therefore 
 are called the vernal and autumnal equi- 
 noxes. Harris. 
 
 It ariseth not heliacall^ about the autumnal 
 equinox. Broum. 
 
 The time when this kid was taken out of the 
 womb was about the vernal equinox. Ray. 
 
 'Twas now the month in which the world began. 
 If March beheld the first created man j 
 And since the vernal eqninoi, the sun. 
 In Aries twelve degrees or more had run. thyden. 
 
 2. Equality; even measure. Improper. 
 
 Do but see his vice; 
 'Tis to his virtues a just equinox. 
 The one as long as th* other. Shahesp. Othello. 
 
 3. Equinoctial wind : a poetical use. 
 
 The passage yet was good ; the wind, 'tis true, 
 AVas somewhat hiph, but that was nothing new. 
 No more than usual equinoxes blew. Vryden. 
 
 Equinu'merant. adj. [cequus and 7m- 
 mei"uSj Lat.] Having the same number ; 
 consisting of the same number. 
 
 This talent of gold, though not equinumerant, 
 
 nor yet equiponderant, as to anj other ; yet was 
 
 equivalent to some correspondent talent in brass. 
 
 Arhnthnot on Coins. 
 
 To EQUIP. V. a. [equippery Fr.] 
 
 1, To furnish for a horseman or cavalier. 
 
 2. To furnish ; to accoutre ; to dress out. 
 
 The country are led astray in following the 
 town; and equipped in a ridiculous habit, when 
 they fancy themselves in the height of the mode. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 E'QUiPAGE. n. s. [equipage, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Furniture for a horseman. 
 
 2. Carriage of state ; vehicle, 
 
 'Winged spirits, and chariots wing'd. 
 From th' armory of God ; where stand of old 
 Myriads, between two brazen mountains lodg'd 
 Against a solemn da^', harness'd at hand. 
 Celestial equipage ! Milton s Pai\ Lost. 
 
 S. Arfctendance ; retinue. 
 
 Soon as tliy dreadful trump begins to sound. 
 The god of war, with his fierce equipage, 
 T!mu do'st awake, sleep never he su sound. F. Q. 
 
 I will not lend thee a penny. 
 I will retort the sum in equipage. Skakesp. 
 
 Think \\ hat an equipage ihou hast in air, 
 And view with scorn two pages and a chair.Piipe. 
 
 4. Accoutrements ; furniture. 
 
 E'qxjipaged. adj. [from equipage.] Ac- 
 coutred ; attended ; having fine habits ; 
 having splendid retinue. 
 
 She for'ii issued with a goodly train 
 Of squires and ladies, eqtdpag^ed well, 
 And entertained them right tairly, as befell. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Equipe'ndency. n.s. [aquvs find pen- 
 deo, Lat,] The act of hanging in equi- 
 poise ; not determined either way. 
 
 The will of man, in the state of innocence, had 
 an entire freedom, a perfect eqnipendencu and in 
 difference to either part of the contradiction, to 
 stand or not to stand. South. 
 
 Equipment, n.s, [from equip.] 
 
 1, The act of equipping or accoutring. 
 
 2. Accoutrement ; equipage. 
 Equipoise. 7i.s. [wquvs, Lat. awdpoids, 
 
 Fr.] Equality of weight ; equilibration; 
 equality of force. 
 
 In the temperate zone of our life there are few 
 
 bodies at such an equipoise of humours; but that 
 
 the prevalency of some one indisposetli the spirits. 
 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Equipo'llence. n.s. [wquus and poilen- 
 tia, Lat.] Equality of force or power, 
 
 EquiPo'llent. adj. [(EquipoUeus, Lat.] 
 Having equal power or force ; equivalent. 
 
 E Q u 
 
 Votary tcsolution is Made n/i/lpd/ft'nt to Custom, 
 even in matter of blood. Bacon's Essam- 
 
 Equipo'nderance. I M.S. [(equtt^ and 
 Equifo'nderancy. I pondui, Lat.] 
 
 Equality of weight ; equipoise. Diet. 
 Equipo'nderant. adj. [trquus and pon- 
 
 derans, Lat.] Being of the same weight. 
 Their lungs may serve to render their bodies 
 
 tquiponderent to the water. Rayon the Creation. 
 A column of air, of any given diameter, is e<iui- 
 
 pondcrant to a column of qtiicksilver of between 
 
 twenty -nine and thirty inches height. Locke. 
 
 Ty Equipo'nderate. v. n. [(equtts and 
 pondero, Lat] To weigh equal tO any 
 thing. 
 
 The heaviness of any weight doth incrPasfe prO' 
 portionably to its distance from the centre : thuSj 
 one pound A at D, will equiponderate unto two 
 pounds at B, if the distance A D is double unto' 
 A B. Wilkhis's Math. Magick. 
 
 Equipo'ndious. adj. [wquus and pon- 
 rftts, Lat.] Equilibrated; equal oiieitheri 
 part. Not in use. 
 
 The Scepticks affected an indifTerent egui^>ondi-\ 
 ous neutrality, as the only means to their ataraxia. 
 G lanvilte's Scepsis. 
 E'quitable. adj. [equitable, Fr.] 
 
 1. Just; due to justice. 
 
 It seems but equitable to give the artists leave tO: 
 name them as they please. Boyle's Scept. Cbymist. 
 
 2. Loving j ustice ; candid ; impartial; as, 
 an eqaita.h]e judge. 
 
 Equitably, adv. [from equitable.] Just- 
 ly ; impartially. 
 E'quity. n. s. [equite, Yt.wquitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Justice ; right ; honesty. 
 
 Foul subornation is predominant, i 
 
 And equity exil'd your highness' land. Shahesp. 
 
 Christianity secures both the private interests 
 of men and the publick peace, enforcing all justice 
 and equity. Tillotsoii. 
 
 2. Impartiality. 
 
 Liking their own somewhat better than other 
 raens, even because they are their own, they must 
 in equity allow us to be like unto tliera in this af- 
 fection. Hooker. 
 
 3. [In law.] The rules of decision observed 
 by the court of Chancery, as distinct from 
 the literal maxims o( law. 
 
 Equivalence. )»..?. [wqui/sandraleo, 
 Equi'valency. j Lat] Equality of 
 power or worth. 
 
 iNIust the servant of God be assured that which 
 he nightly prays for shall be granted ? Yes, either 
 formally or by way of equivalence, either that or 
 somethmg better. Hammond. 
 
 That there is any f^iiira/fnceor parity of worth 
 betwixt the good we do to our brother, and the 
 good we hope for from God, ail good Protestants 
 do deny. Smalridge. 
 
 Civil causes are equivalent unto criminal causes, 
 but this equivalency only respects the careful and 
 diligent admission of proofs. Ayliffc's Parergnn. 
 
 To Equivalence, r. a. [from the noun.] 
 To equiponderate ; to be equal to. 
 
 Whether the transgression of Eve seducing did 
 
 not exceed Adam seduced, orwhether the resisti- 
 
 bility of his reason did not equii'alence the facility 
 
 of her seduction,we shall refer to schoolmen. Brouji. 
 
 EQVi'vAhE^T. adj. [cequusaxidvalens,Lat.] 
 
 1. Equal in value. 
 
 Things 
 Well nigh equivalent, and neighb'ring value. 
 By lot are parted ; but the value, high heav'n, thy 
 
 share. 
 In equal balance laid with earth and hell, 
 Vlings up the adverse scale, and shuns proportion. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Equal in any excellence. 
 
 No fair to thine 
 £jutt>ajcnt, or second ! which compell'd 
 
 E Q U 
 
 Me thus, tliough importune perhaps, to come 
 And gaze.and worship ihee. Milton'sPar. Lo$t, 
 
 3. Equal in force or power. 
 
 The dread of Israel's foes, who, with a strength 
 
 Equivalent to angcU, -walk'd their §treet4, 
 
 None offering fight. Milton's Agonist€i. 
 
 4. Of the same cogency or weight. 
 
 The consideration of public utility is, by very 
 good advice, judged at the least the equivalent to 
 the easier kind of necessity. Hooker. 
 
 5. Of the same import or meaning. 
 
 The use of the «ord minister is brought down 
 to the literal signification of it, a servant ; for now 
 to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, 
 are terras equivalejit. South, 
 
 Equivalent. n.s. A thing of the same 
 weight, dignity, or value. 
 
 The slave without a ransom shall be sent : 
 It rests for you to make th' equivalent. Dryden. 
 
 Fancy a regular obedience to one law will be a 
 full equivalent for their breach of another. Rogers. 
 
 Equi'vocal. adj. [a'quivocus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Of doubtful sionification; meaninff dif- 
 ferent things, standing for different no- 
 tions. 
 
 These sentences to sugar or to gall. 
 Being strong on both si<Jes, are e^uiroca/. Shahesp. 
 
 Words of different significations, taken in ge- 
 neral, are of an equivocal sense ; but being consi- 
 dered with all their particular cbcumstances, they 
 have their sense restrained. SHUingfieet. 
 
 The greater number of those who held this were 
 misguided by equivocal terms. Su-ifl. 
 
 2. Uncertain; doubtful; happening dif- 
 ferent ways. 
 
 E^wu'ijca? generation is the production of plants 
 without seed, or of insects or animals without pa- 
 rents, in the natural way of coition between male 
 and female ; which is now believed never to hap- 
 pen but that all bodies are univocally produced. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 There is no such thing as equivocal or sponta- 
 neous generation ; but all animals are generated 
 by animal parents of the same species with tiiera- 
 selves. Ray. 
 
 Those half-Ieani'd witlings, numerous in our isle 
 As half-form'd insects on the Banks of Nile ; 
 Unfinish'd things, one knows not what to call. 
 Their generation's so equimcal. P&pe. 
 
 Equi'vocal. w. s. Ambiguity; word of 
 doubtful meaning. 
 
 Shall two or three wretched equivocals have the 
 force to corrupt us ? Dennis. 
 
 Equi'vocally. adv. [from equivocal.] 
 
 1 . Ambiguously ; in a doubtful or double 
 sense. 
 
 Words abstracted from their proper sense and 
 signification, lose thenature of words, and are only 
 equivocally so called. South. 
 
 2. By uncertain or irregular birth ; by 
 equivocal generation ; by generation out 
 of the stated order. 
 
 No insect or animal did ever proceed equiv-o- 
 cn//j/ from putrefaction, unless in miraculous cases ; 
 as, in Egypt by tlie divine judgments. Bentley. 
 
 Equi'vocalness. 71. s. [from tquivocaL] 
 Ambiguity ; double meaning. 
 
 Distinguish the equivocahiess or lassitude of the 
 wnrd, and then point out that determinate part 
 which is the ground of my demonstration. Norris. 
 
 To Equi'vocate. v.v. [cequivocatio, Lat.] 
 To use words of double meaning ; to use 
 ambirruous expressions ; to mean one 
 thing and express another. 
 
 Not only Jesuits can equivocate. Dryden. 
 
 My soul disdain'd a promise ; ■■ — 
 — But yet your false equivocating tongue, 
 VourIooks,youreyes,Yourevery motion promised: 
 But you are ripe in frauds, and learn'a in false- 
 hoods. Smith. 
 
 Equi'vocation. n. s. [(vquivocafio, Lat.] 
 Ambiguity of speech ; double meaning. 
 
 63»
 
 ERE 
 
 lUprooof is eaiil; misapplied, and through e^ui- 
 tiocationt wiested, 
 
 I pull ia resolution, and begin 
 To doubt the equivocation of the fiend 
 That lies like truth. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Equivoca'tor. n. *. [from equivocate.] 
 One who uses ambiguous language ; one 
 who uses mental reservation. 
 
 Here's an equwocatar, that would swear in both 
 the scales agauist either scale ; ^et could notequi- 
 vocate to Heaven. Shakesp. 
 
 Er, a syllable in the middle of names or 
 
 places, comes by contraction from the 
 
 Saxon papa dwellers. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 E'RA.n. s. [wra, Lat.] The account of time 
 
 from any particular date or epoch. 
 
 From the blessings they bestow 
 Our limes are dated, and our eras move: 
 They govern and enlighten all below. 
 As thou do'st all above. Pope. 
 
 Eradia'tion. n.s. [e and radius, Lat.] 
 Emission of radiance. 
 
 God gives me a heart humbly to converse with 
 hira, from whom alone are all tlie eradiatioju of true 
 majestv. King Charles. 
 
 To ERADICATE, v. a. [eradico, La.t.] 
 
 1 . To pull up by the root. 
 
 He suffereth the poison of Nubia to he gathered, 
 and Aconite to be eradicated, yet this not to be 
 moved. Brawn. 
 
 2. To completely destroy ; to end ; to cut 
 off. 
 
 If a gouty person can bring himself entirely to 
 
 a milk diet, he may so cliange the whole juices of 
 
 his body as to eradicate the distemper. ArbtUhnot. 
 
 If vice cannot wliolly be eradicated, it ought at 
 
 least to be confined to particular objects. Swiji. 
 
 Eradica'tion. n, s. [from eradicate,] 
 
 1, The act of tearing up by the root ; de- 
 struction ; excision, 
 
 2, The state of being torn up by the I'oots. 
 They affirm the roots of mandrakes give a shriek 
 
 upon eradication, which is false below confutation. 
 
 Broiim. 
 
 Era'dicative. adj. [from eradicate.] 
 That which cures radically ; that which 
 drives quite away. 
 
 To ERA'SE. lu a, [raser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To destroy; to exscind. 
 
 The heads uf hirds, for the most part, are given 
 erased ; that is, plucked off. Peacham on Blazoning. 
 
 2. To expunge; to rub out. 
 Era'sement. n.s, [from erase.] 
 
 1, Destruction; devastation. 
 
 2. Expunction; abolition. 
 
 Ere. adv. [aeji, Sax. air, Goth, eer, Dut. 
 This word is sometimes vitiously written 
 e'er, as if from ever. It is likewise written 
 or before ever, oji and aeji in Saxon being 
 indiscriminately written, Mr. iye.] Be- 
 fore; sooner than. 
 
 Ere he would have hang'd a roaii for the get- 
 ting a hundred bastards, he would have paid for 
 the nursing a thousand. Shakesp. 
 
 The lions brake all their bones in pieces or ever 
 they came to the bottom of the den. DaniH. 
 
 Just trial, ere I merit 
 Mv exaltation without change or end. Milton. 
 
 The mountain trees in distant prospect please, 
 Ere yet the pine descended to the seas ; 
 £tr sails were spread new oceans to explore. Dryrf. 
 
 The birds shall cease to tune their ev'ning song. 
 The winds to breathe, the waving woods to move* 
 And streams to murmur, ere I cease to love. Pope. 
 Ere. prep. Before. 
 
 Our fruitful Nile 
 Flow'd ere the wonted season. Drydcn. 
 
 Ere'long. adv, [from ere and /on^.] Be- 
 fore a long time had elapsed. Nee Ion-, 
 gum tempus. 
 
 ERE 
 
 T\\e anger already began to paint revenge m 
 many colours, ereUnig he had not only goltcD pity 
 but pardon. Sittneu. 
 
 Tlie wild horse having enmity with tlie stag, 
 
 came to a man to desire aid, who mounted nf>on 
 
 his back, and following the stag, erelong slew him, 
 
 SpeTiseron Ireland. 
 
 Nothing is lasting that is feigned : it will have 
 another face than it liad erelong. BenJonson. 
 
 They swim in joy, 
 Erelong to swim at large, and laugh, for which 
 The world ereUmg a world of tears must wec[». 
 
 Milton. 
 
 I saw two stock-doves billing, and erelong 
 Will take tlie nest. Dryden'sVirgil. 
 
 It pleases me to think, that I who know so small 
 a portittn of the works of the Creator, and witli 
 slow and painful steps creep up and down on tlic 
 surface of this globe, shall ere/ong shoot away with 
 the swiftness ofimagination, and trace 4he springs 
 of nature's operations. Spectator. 
 
 Erenow, adv. [from ere and now?,] Be- 
 fore this time. 
 
 Ah, gentle soldiers, some short time allow ; 
 
 Rlv father has repented him erenow. Dnjden 
 
 Had the world eternally been, science had been 
 
 brought to perfection long erenow, Cheijne. 
 
 Erewhi'le. ) adv. [from ereand ivhik.' 
 
 Erewhi'les. 5 Some time ago ; before 
 
 a little while, 
 
 1 am as fair now, as 1 was erewkile : 
 Since night you lov'd rae, yet since night you left 
 me. Shakesp. 
 
 We sit down to our meals, suspect not the in- 
 trusion of armed uninvited guests, who ereickiles, 
 we know were wont to surprise us. Decauof Piety. 
 To ERE'CT. v. a. [erecfus, Lat] ^ 
 
 1. To raise in a straight line ; to place 
 perpendicularly to the horizon. 
 
 2. To Erect a Perpendicular, To cross 
 one line by another at right angles. 
 
 3. To raise ; to build. 
 
 Happier walls expect. 
 Which, wand'ring long, at last thou shall erect. 
 
 Dr-ifden's Virgil. 
 There are many monuments erecteA to benefac- 
 tors to the repubfick. Addison on Italy. 
 
 4. To establish anew ; to settle. 
 
 Great difference there is between their proceed- 
 ings, wiio erect a new commonwealth which is to 
 have neither regiment nor religion the same that 
 was, and theirs who only reform a decayed state. 
 
 He suffers seventy-two distinct nations to be 
 erected out of the first monarchy under distinct 
 governours. R^Uigh. 
 
 5. To elevate; to exalt. 
 
 I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into 
 a judge. Druden's Fables, Preface 
 
 I am far from pretending infallibility : 'that 
 would be to erect myself into an apostle. Locke. 
 
 Ail tlie little scramblers after fame fall unon 
 bim, and have recourse to their own invention, 
 ratlier than suffer him to erect himself into an au- 
 thor with iinpunit3'. Addison. 
 
 6. To raise consequences from premises. 
 
 From fallacious foundations and misapprehend- 
 ed mcdiuius, men erect conclusions no way infer- 
 rible from the premises. Broun s Vutg. Err. 
 
 Men being too hasty to erect to themselves ge- 
 neral notions and illgrounded theories, find them- 
 selves deceived in their stock of knowledge. Liv/ctf. 
 
 I\Ialebrancheerfct5this proposition, of seeing all 
 things in Uod, upon their ruin. iJcke. 
 
 7. To animate ; not to depress ; to encou- 
 rage. 
 
 Why should not hope 
 As much erect our thoughts, as fear deject them r 
 
 Denham. 
 
 To Ere'ct, V. n. To rise upright. 
 
 The trefoil against rain swelleth in the stalk, 
 and so staiideth more upright ; for by wet. stalks 
 do erect, and leaves bow down. Bacon sXat. Hist. 
 
 Erect, adj. [erectus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Upright ; not leaning : not prone. 
 
 E R K 
 
 Birds, far from pioneoess, are almost erect ; ad- 
 vancing the head and breait in progression, only 
 prone in vol itation. Hrmrri. 
 
 Basil tells us, that the serpent went erect like 
 man. Brown. 
 
 2. Directed upwards. 
 
 A aiu were vows, 
 And |>laints and suppliant handi, to Hcav'n ertn. 
 
 Fhilips 
 
 3. Bold ; confident ; unshaken. 
 
 Ix^t no vain fear tliy gcn'rous ardour tame ; 
 But stand erect, and sound as loud as fame. G/anr. 
 
 4. Vigorous ; not depressed. 
 
 That vigilaiit and erect attention of mind, which 
 in prayer is very necessary, is wasted or dulled. 
 
 Hooktr. 
 
 Erection, n.s. [from erect.] 
 
 1. The act of raising, or state of being 
 raised upward. 
 
 We arc to consider only the erection of tlie hills 
 above the ordinary land. 'Breretcood on Languages. 
 
 2. The act of building or raising etiifices. 
 The first thing which moveth them thus to cast 
 
 up their poison, are certain solemnities usual ac 
 the fir.^t erection of churches. Hooker. 
 
 Pillars were set up above one thousand four 
 hundred and twenty-si.t years before the 6ood, 
 counting Sctlj to be an hundred years old at the 
 erer/mH of thcrn. kaleigh's History. 
 
 3. Establishment; settlement 
 
 It must needs have a peculiar influence npon 
 the erection, continuance, and dissolution of every 
 society. _ _ South. 
 
 4. Elevation ; exaltation of sentiments. 
 
 Her peerless height my mind to high erectvm 
 draws up.^ ' Sidney. 
 
 5. Act of rousing; excitement to atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Starting is an apprcliension of the thing feared, 
 and in that is a shrinkin<;, and likewise an inqui- 
 sition what the matter should be; and in that it 
 is a motion of erection : su that when a man would 
 listen suddenly he starteth ; for the starlhi^ is an 
 erection of the spirits to attend. Bticon. 
 
 Eke'ctness. n.«. [Qrom erect.] Upright- 
 ness of posture or form. 
 
 We take erectness strictly as Galen defined it ; 
 they only, saycth he, havean erect figure, whose 
 spine and thighbone are carried on rignt lines. 
 
 Brown s ^idg. Frr. 
 
 EREMITE. 71. s. [eremifa, Lat. t^ri*®-.] 
 One who lives in a wilderness ; one who 
 lives in solitude ; an hermit ; a solitary : 
 we now say hmnit. 
 
 Antonius, the erfniitf , findelli a fifth commodity 
 not inferior to any of these four. Jialeigh^s Hist. 
 
 Euibryoes and idiots, eremites and friars. 
 White, black, and grey, with all their trumpery. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Eremitical, adj. [from eremite.] Re- 
 ligiously solitaiT ; leading the life of an 
 hermit. 
 They have multitudes of religious orders, erfmi- 
 
 ticol, and cenobitical. Stilling fleet. 
 
 Ereptation. n.s. [ereptio, Lat.] A 
 creeping forth. Jiail. 
 
 Ere'ption. «.,<;. [ereptio, Lat.] A snatch- 
 ing or taking away by force. 
 
 E'rgot. n. s. A sort of stub, like a piece 
 of sort horn, about the bigness of a ches- 
 nut, which is placed beliind and below 
 the jiastern joint, and is commonly hid 
 under tlie tuft of the fetlock. Farr.Dict. 
 
 Eringo. M.S. Se.i-holly. A plant. 
 
 Eri'stical. adj. ['fi; ] Controversial; 
 relating to dispute ; containing contro- 
 versies. 
 
 Erke.w.s. [eapj.Sax.] Idle; lazy; slothful. 
 An old word ; whence we now say irk- 
 some. 639
 
 ERR 
 
 For men therein would hera dclilc ; 
 And of that dcdc be not crfce, 
 But uft siUiL's haunt that werke. Chaucer. 
 
 E'rmf.lin.h. s. [diminulive of crmina;ar- 
 mtlin, Fr.] An ermine. See Ermine. 
 
 Silver si^ins, 
 Passing the hate spot ermeUn^. Sidiieij. 
 
 E'RMINE. n.s. [hirmine, Tr. Cvom arme- 
 ni((i-, Lat.] An animal in cold countries, 
 wliich very nearly resembles a weasel in 
 shape ; having a white pile, and the tip 
 of the tail black, and fin-nishing a valua- 
 ble fur. The fellmongcr and furriers jiut 
 upon it little bits of Lombardv lambskin, 
 ■which is noted for its shining black co- 
 lour, the better to set off the whiteness 
 of the ermine. Trevoux. 
 
 Ermhte is tlie fur of a little beast, about the big- 
 ness of a weasel, called IMus Armeiiius ,• for the\' 
 are found in Armenia. Peacliamon Blazoning. 
 
 A lady's honour must not be touch'd ; 
 M'hich, nice as cnnims, will not bear a soil. Dri/d. 
 
 E'rmined. adj. [{rom ermine.] Clothed 
 with ermine. 
 
 Arcadia's countess, here in ermind pride, 
 Is there Pastora by a fountain side. Ptme. 
 
 E'RNE. \ Do immediately flow from the 
 E'ron. ji Saxon epn, eapn a cottage, or 
 place of retirement. Gibson's Camden. 
 To ERODE. I', n. [nodo, Lat.] To can- 
 ker; to eat away; to corrode. 
 
 It hath been anciently received, that the sea- 
 air hath antipathy with the luni;s, if it coraeth 
 near the body, and erodeth them. Bacen '5 Nat. Hist. 
 The blood", being too sharp or thin, erodes the 
 vessel. Wiseman. 
 
 Eroga'tion. n.s. [erogatio, Lat.] The 
 act of giving or bestowing ; distribution. 
 
 Erosion. ». s. [erosio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of eating away. 
 
 8. The state of being eaten away ; canker ; 
 coiTosion. 
 
 As sea-salt is a sharp solid body, in a constant 
 diet of salt meat, it breaks the vessels, produccth 
 erosions of the solid parts, and all the symptoms of 
 the sea-scurvy. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To ERR. v.n. [«To,Lat.] 
 
 1. To wander; to ramble. 
 
 A storm of strokes, well meant, with fury flies, 
 And em at out their temples, ears, and eyes. 
 
 Druden's Virgd. 
 
 The rains arise, and fires their warmth dispense ; 
 
 And fix d and erring stars dispose tlieir influence. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 2. To miss the right way; to stray. 
 
 We have erred and strayed like lost sheep. 
 
 Common Prayer. 
 I will not lag behind, nor err 
 The way thou leading. Milton. 
 
 3. To deviate from any purpose. 
 
 But errs not nature from this gracious end, 
 From burning suns when livid deaths descend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. To cominit eiTours ; to mistake. 
 
 It is a judgment maim'd and most imperfect. 
 That will confess perfection so could err. 
 Against all rules of nature. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Do thev not err that devise evil ? Prov. xiv. 22. 
 
 Possibfy the man may err in his judgment of 
 circumstances, and therefore let him fear; but 
 because it is not certain he is mistaken, let him 
 not despair. Taylm-'sPiileif Living Holy. 
 
 Nor has it only been the heat of erring persons 
 that has been ilius mischievous, but sometimes 
 men of right judgments have too much contributed 
 to the breach. " VecayoJ Piety. 
 
 The muses' friend, unto himself severe. 
 With silent pity looks on all that err. Waller. 
 
 He who from the reflected image of the sun in 
 water would conclude of light and heat, could not 
 frr more grossly. Cheyne. 
 
 ERR 
 
 E'rrable. adj. [from £)•)•.] Liable to err ; 
 
 liable to mistake. 
 Errable\es.s. h. s. [from crrahle.] Lia- 
 bleness to error ; liableness to mistake. 
 
 ^Ve mav infer from tlie errahleness of our nature, 
 
 the reasonableness of compassion to the seduced. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 E'rrand. n. s. [aepeno. Sax. armd, Dan.] 
 A tnessawe ; somethinff to be told or done 
 by a messenger ; a mandate; a commis- 
 sion. It is generally used now only in 
 familiar language. 
 
 Servants being commanded In go, shall stand 
 still, 'till they have their errand warranted unto 
 them. Hooker. 
 
 Bui hast thou done thy errand to Baptista ? 
 —I told him tliat your father was in Venice. S/m/c. 
 
 A quean ! have I not forbid her my house ? 
 She comes of errands, does she r" Shakesp. 
 
 When he came, behold the captains of the host 
 were sitting, and he said, 1 have an errand to thee, 
 O captain. Kings. 
 
 From them 1 go 
 This uncouth errand sole. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 His eyes, 
 That run thro' all the heav'ns,ordown to th' earth. 
 Bear his swift errands, over moist and dry, 
 O'er sea and land. _ Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 Well thou do'st to bide from common sight 
 Thy close intrigues, too bad to bear the light ; 
 ]Vor doubt I, but the silver-footed dame. 
 Tripping from sea, on such an errand came. Dryd. 
 Erra'nt. adj. [errans, Lat. errant, Fr.] 
 
 1. Wandering ; roving ; rambling. Parti- 
 cularly applied to an order of knights 
 much celebrated in romances, who roved 
 about the world in search of adventures. 
 
 It was thought that there are just seven planets, 
 or errant stars^ in the lower orbs of heaven ; but, 
 it is now demonstrable unto sense, that there are 
 many more. Brou:ns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Chief of domestick knights and errant. 
 Either for chartel or for warrant. Hudibras. 
 
 2. Vile ; abandoned ; completely bad. See 
 Arrant. 
 
 Good impertinence : 
 Thy company, if I slept not very well 
 A-nights, would make me an errant fool with 
 
 Questions. Pen Jonson's Catatine. 
 
 3. Deviating from a certain course. 
 Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, 
 
 Infect the sound pine, and divert his grain, 
 Fortive and errant, from his course of growth. S/l»fc. 
 
 E'rrantry. 71. s. [fromerrant.] 
 
 1 . An errant state ; the condition of a 
 wanderer. 
 
 After a short space oi errantry upon the seas, he 
 got safe back to Dunkirk. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. The employment of a knight errant. 
 ERRATA, n.s. [Lat] The faults of the 
 
 printer inserted in the beginning or end 
 of the book. 
 
 If he meet with faults, besides those that the 
 errafa take notice of, he will consider the weak- 
 ness of the author's eyes. Boyle. 
 
 Erra'tick. adj. [erratictts.'L&t] 
 1. Wandering; uncertain ; keeping no cer- 
 tain order ; holding no established course. 
 
 The earth, and each erratick world. 
 Around the sun their proper centre whirl'd, 
 Ciunpose but one extended vast machine. B/acim, 
 Throuoh the vast waves the dreadful wonders 
 move. 
 Hence nain'd erratick. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 •2. Irregidar; changeable. 
 
 They are incommoded with a slimy mattery 
 cough,"stink of breath, and an erratick fever. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 Err.v'tically. adv. [from erratical or 
 erralick.] Without rule ; without any 
 established method or order. 
 
 ERR 
 
 Thev come not forth in generations erratically, 
 or different from each other ; but in specifical and 
 regular shapes. Hrovm. 
 
 Errhine. n.s. [J^V'»«-] Snuffed up the 
 nose; occasioning sneezing. 
 
 ■\Ve see sage or betony bruised, sneezing pow- 
 der, and other powders or liqnors, whicli the phy- 
 sicians call errhines, put into the nose to draw 
 phlegm from the head. Bacun 
 
 Erro'neou.s. adj. [from erro, Lat.] 
 
 1. Wandering; unsettled. 
 
 They roam 
 Erroneous and disconsolate, themselves 
 Accusing, and their chiefs improvident 
 Of military chance. Philips. 
 
 This circle, by being placed here, stopped much 
 of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have 
 disturbed the vision. Newton. 
 
 Vnblam'il abundance crown'd the roy-al board. 
 What time this done revcr'd her prudent lord ; 
 ^\_honow, so heav'n decrees, isdoom'd to mourn. 
 Bitter constraint! enwieoui and forlorn. Pope. 
 
 2. Irregular ; wandering from the right 
 road. 
 
 If the vessels, instead of breaking, yield, it sub- 
 jects the person to all the inconveniences of er- 
 roneous circulation ; that is, when the blood strays 
 into the vessels destined to carry serum or lympb. 
 Arbuthjiot onAiiments. 
 
 3. Mistaking; misled byerrour. 
 
 Thou art far from destroying the innocent with 
 the guilty, and the erroneous with the malicious. 
 
 King Charles 
 
 There is the erroneous as well as the rightly in- 
 formed conscience. .^uth. 
 
 4. Mistaken ; not confonnable to truth ; 
 physically false. 
 
 Their whole counsel is condemned, as having 
 either proceeded from the blindness of those . 
 times, or from negligence, or from desire of honour 
 and glory, or from an erroneous opinion that such 
 things might be for awhile. Hooker. 
 
 A wonderful eiTcneous observation that walketh 
 about, is commonly received, contrary to all the 
 true account of time and experience. Bacon. 
 
 The phenomena of light have been hitherto 
 explained by supposing that they arise from new 
 modifications of tlie rays, which is an fj-roiifoii* 
 supposition. Nemton's Opticks. 
 
 Erro'neously. adv. [from erroneous.] 
 By mistake ; not rightly. 
 
 The minds of men are cironeotwii/ persuaded, 
 that it is the will of God to have those tilings 
 done which they fancy. Hooker. 
 
 I could not discover the lenity of this sentence ; 
 but conceived it, perhaps, erroneously, rather to be 
 rigorous than gentle. GuUii^er. 
 
 Erro'neousness. n.s. [from erroneous.] 
 Phj'sical falsehood ; inconfonnity to 
 truth. 
 
 The phrcnomena may be explained by this hy- 
 pothesis, whereof he "demonstrates the truth, to- 
 gether with the en-oneousne.^ of ours. Boyle. 
 
 E'RROUR. n. s. [error, Lat.] 
 
 \. Mistake; involuntary deviation from 
 
 truth. 
 
 Errour is a mistake of our judgment giving 
 assent to that which is not true. _ Locke. 
 
 Oh, hateful errour, melancholy's child ! 
 Why do'st thou shew to the apt thoughts of men, 
 The things that are not ? Shakesp. 
 
 2. A blunder ; an act or assertion in which 
 a mistake is committed. 
 
 In religion. 
 What damned errour, but some sober brow 
 Will bless it? Shakesp. Merchant if Venice. 
 
 He look'd like nature's errour, as the ihind 
 And body were not of a piece design'd. 
 But made for two, and by mistake in one were 
 join'd. Dryden. 
 
 3. Roving excursion ; irregular course. 
 What brought you living to the Stygian state? 
 
 Driv'n by the winds and errours of the sea. 
 
 Or did von Heav'u's superiour doom obey ?Z>n/d.
 
 E R U 
 
 4. [In theolojry.] Sin. 
 
 Bliiod he ofl'ered for liiinself, and fur the errours 
 of the people. lUb. ix. 7. 
 
 5. [In law, more especially in our common 
 law.] An errour in pleading, or in the 
 process ; and the writ, which is brought 
 for remedy of tliis oversight, is called a 
 writ of errour, which lies to redress false 
 judgment given in any court of record. 
 
 Cowel. 
 Ers, or Bitter Vttch. n. s. [vicia valde 
 
 amara.] A plant. 
 Erst. adv. [erst, Germ, sepj-ra. Sax.] 
 
 1. First. 
 
 Sir knight, if knight thou be, 
 Abandun this forcstalied place at erst. 
 Fur fear of further harm, I counsel Ihce. Spenser. 
 
 2. At first; in the beginning. 
 Fame that her high wortli to raise, 
 
 Seem'd erst so lavish and profuse. 
 We may justly now accuse 
 
 Of detraction from her praise. Milton. 
 
 3. Once; when time was. 
 
 As signal now in low dejected state 
 As erst in highest, behold him. Milton s Ag<mist€s. 
 He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view. Gay. 
 
 4. Formerly ; long ago. 
 
 The future few or more, howe'er Ihey be. 
 Were destin'd erst, nor can by fate's decree 
 Be now cut orV, Priifr. 
 
 5. Before ; till then ; till now. 
 
 Opener mine eyes. 
 
 Dim erst ; dilated spirits, ampler heart. Milton. 
 
 The Rhodians, who erst thought themselves at 
 
 great quiet, were now overtaken with a sudden 
 
 mischief. KnoUes. 
 
 Eruee'scence. ) n. s. [eriibescentia, 
 Erube'scency. J Lat.] The act of 
 
 growing red ; redness. 
 Erubescent, adj. [erubescens, Lat.] 
 
 Reddish ; somewhat red ; inclining to 
 
 redness. 
 To ERU'CT. v.a. [eruclo, Lat.] To belch ; 
 
 to break wind from the stomach. 
 Eructa'tion. ti.s. [from fr!/c<.] 
 1. The act of belching. 
 '2. Belch ; the matter vented from the 
 
 stomach. 
 
 The signs of the functions of the stomach being 
 depraved, arc eructatimts, either with the taste of 
 the aliment, acid, inodorous, or fetid. .Arbuthnot. 
 3. Any sudden burst of wind or matter. 
 Thermje, are hot sprinirs, or fiery erttetatiims ; 
 such as burst forth of tfie earth (luring eartli- 
 quakes. Wonduard. 
 
 Erudi'tion. M.S. [erudilio, Lat.] Learn- 
 ing ; knowledge obtained by study and 
 instruction. 
 
 Fam'd by thy tutor, and thy parts of nature : 
 Thrice fam'd beyond all ernditiem. Shakesp. 
 
 The earl was of good erudition, having been 
 placed at study in Cambridge very young. Wotton. 
 
 To your experience in state affairs you have 
 also joined no vulgar ertidition, which all your 
 modesty is not able to conceal ; for to understand 
 critically the delicacies of Horace, is a height to 
 which few of our noblemen have arrived. Drvden. 
 
 Some gentlemen, abounding in their university 
 tradition, fill their sermons with ph'iiosophical 
 terms. Suift. 
 
 Eru'ginous. adj. [aruginosus, Lat.] 
 Partaking of the substance and nature 
 of copper. 
 
 Copperas is a rough and acrimonious kind of 
 salt, drawn out of ferrous and erugmoiis earths, 
 partaking chie6y of iron and copper ; the blue of 
 •opper, the green of iron. Bromxe. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 ESC 
 
 Agues depen'l upon a corrupt incinerated me- 
 lanciiuly, or upon an adust stibial or eruginom ^ul- 
 phur. liarxry. 
 
 Ruup'tion. n.s. [n-uptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of breaking or bursting forth 
 from any confinement. 
 
 Finding; lliemselves pent in by the exterior 
 earth, they pressed with violence against that 
 arch, to make it yield and give way to their di- 
 latation and ernption. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 2. Burst ; emission ; something forcing 
 itself out suddenly. 
 
 In part of Media there arc eruptions of flaincs 
 out of plains. Bacoji's Ntitm-al Histoiy. 
 
 Upon a signal given the cniption began ; fire and 
 suioak, mixed wuh several unusual protligics and 
 fif:urt'.s, made their appearance. Addison' sGuardi/m. 
 
 3. Sudden excursion of an hostile kind. 
 
 Thither, if but to pry, shall be perhaps 
 Our first cniption, thither or elsewhere ; 
 For this infernal pit shall never hold 
 Celestial spirits in bondage. Miltons Paradise J^^»t. 
 
 Such command we had. 
 To see that none thence issu'd forth a spy. 
 Or enemy, wliile God was in his work ; 
 I,est he, incens'd at such eruption bold, 
 Destruction with creation might have mix'd. Milt. 
 
 4. Violent exclamation. 
 
 I'ohis secretary, whom he laid in a pallet near 
 him for natural ventilation of his thoughts, he 
 would, ill the absence of all other ears and eyes, 
 break out into bitter and passionate eruptions. 
 
 Wotton's Life of Buckingham. 
 
 It did not run out in voice or indecent eruptions, 
 but filled the soul, as God the universe, silently 
 and without noise. South. 
 
 5. Efflorescence ; pustules. 
 Diseased nature oftentimes breaks forth 
 
 In strange eruptions. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 An eruption of humours, in any part, is not 
 cured merely by outward applications, but b^- 
 alterative medicnies. Gov. Tongue. 
 
 Unripe fruits are apt to occasion foul eruptions, 
 on the skin. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Eruptive. a<//. [eruptus, Lat.'] Bursting 
 forth. 
 
 'Tis listening fear, and Humb amazement all, 
 When to the startled eye tlie sudden glance 
 Appears far south eruptiie through the cloud. 
 
 Thomson. 
 Ery'ngo. n. s. [eri/ngion.] A plant. 
 
 ErYSI'pELAS. n.s, [i^vcriv£>.a^.] 
 
 An eiysipelas is generated by a hut serum in the 
 blood, and aticcts the superficies of the skin with 
 a shining pale red, and citron colour, witliout 
 pulsation or circumscribed tumour, spreading from 
 one place to another. Wiseman Surgcru. 
 
 ESCALADE, n.s, [Fr.] The act of 
 scaling the walls of a fortification. 
 
 In Geneva one meets with the ladders, petard, 
 and other utensils, which were made use of in 
 their famous escalade. Addison. 
 
 Esca'lop. n.s. 
 
 1. A shellfish, whose shell is regularly 
 indented. 
 
 Thcshfllsof those cockles, escahps, and peri- 
 winkles, which have greater gravity, were en- 
 closed in stone. Woodward. 
 
 2. An inequality of margin ; indenture. 
 
 The figure of the leaves is divided into jags and 
 eescalops, curiously indented round the edges. Ray. 
 
 ESCAPADE, n. s. [Fr.] IrreguW mo- 
 tion of a horse. 
 
 He with a graceful pride. 
 While his rider every hand survcy'd, 
 Sprung loose, and flew into an esca/uide ; 
 Not moving forward, yet with every buund 
 Pressing, and seeming still to quit his ground. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 To ESCAPE. V. a. [echapcr, Fr.] 
 1. To obtain exemption from ; to obtmn 
 security from ; to fly ; to avoid. 
 
 ESC 
 
 Since wc cannot cicape the pursuit of passions, 
 and perplexity of thoughts, there is no way left but 
 to endeavour oil we can either to subdue or divert 
 Uicm. TcmpU. 
 
 Had David died sooner, how much trouble n-id 
 he escaped, which by living he endured in Itie re- 
 bellion of his sun^ ' Wake. 
 
 '2, To pass unobserved by one. 
 
 Men are blinded with ignorance and errour : 
 many things may escape thciu, in many they may 
 be ffeccived fiooker. 
 
 "lis still the same, although their airy shape 
 All but a quick poetick sight acape. ' Denham. 
 
 The reader finds out those beauties of proprietv 
 in thought and writing, which ticapcd him in the 
 tumult and hurry of rcpresei.ting. Dryden. 
 
 To Escape, v. n. To fly ; to get out of 
 danger ; to avoid punishment or harm. 
 
 Benhadad, the king of Syria, escaped on horse, 
 
 Chnmiclei. 
 
 They escaped all safe to land. Acts, xxvii. 44. 
 
 Escape for thy life ; look not behind thee, nei- 
 ther stay thou in all the |)lain : escape to the moun- 
 t^iui, lest thou be consumed. Genesis. 
 
 Whoso pieascth God shall esca]>e from her, but 
 the sinner shall be taken by her. Eccl. vii, tJ6. 
 
 He might put on a hal, a inufiHer, und a ker- 
 chief, and so escape. Sh^ik. Merry Wiics of Winds. 
 
 To convince us that there was no way to escape 
 by climbing up to the mountains, he assures us 
 that the higliest were all covered. Wooduard. 
 
 Laws arc not executed, men of virtue are dis- 
 graced, and murderers c.*ca/)f. Watts's Logick. 
 
 Esca'pe. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Flight ; the act of getting out of danger. 
 
 I would hasten my escape from Uie windy storm 
 and tempest. Psalm Iv. 7. 
 
 He enjoved neither his escape nor bis honour 
 long ; for fie was hewn in pieces. Haifward. 
 
 JMen of virtue have had extraordinary escapes 
 out of such dangers as have enclosed them, and 
 which have seemed inevitable. Addison. 
 
 2. Excursion ; sally. 
 
 ^^'e made anfscopc, not so much to seek our own, 
 
 As to be instruments of your safety. Denham. 
 
 3. [In law.] Violent or privy evasion out 
 of some lawful restraint. For example, 
 if the sherifi^ upon a capias directed unto 
 him, takes a person, and endeavours to 
 cany him to gaol, and he in the way, 
 either by \io!ence or by flight, breaks 
 from him, this is called an escape. Cowel. 
 
 4. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion. 
 
 St. Paul himself did not despise to remember 
 whatsoever he found agreeable to the word of 
 God among the lieathen, that lie might take from 
 them ail escape by way of ignorance. Raleigh. 
 
 5. Sally; flight; irregularity. 
 
 Thousand 'sraj't's of wit. 
 Make thee the father oi their idle dreams. 
 And rack thee in their fancies. Sitakefp. 
 
 Loose 'scapes of love. Milton. 
 
 0. Oversight ; mistake. 
 
 In transcribing there would be less care taken, 
 as the language was less understood, and so tbe 
 escapes less subject to observation. 
 
 Brereuocd on Lang. 
 
 ESCARGATOIRE. n. s. [Fr.] A nur- 
 sery of snails. 
 
 At the Capuchins I saw escargatoires, which I 
 took the more notice of, because 1 do tiot remem- 
 ber to have met with an^- thing of tlie same kind 
 in other countries. It Ts a square place boarded 
 in, and filled with a vast quantity of large snails 
 that are esteemed excellent food, when ilhey are 
 well dressed. AdSisOH, 
 
 LSCHALOT.n.s[TT.] A plant. 
 
 Kschalots are nnw fri<m F ^r.ce become an Eng- 
 lish plant, managed after Che same manner as 
 garlick : only ihey are to be set earlier, and taken 
 up as soon as ihe'leaves bedn to wither, lest the 
 A\ inter kills thera. Mortimer's Husbandrx. 
 
 4N 
 
 641
 
 ESC 
 
 ES'CHAR. n. s. [icr;n;a^a.] A hard crust 
 or scar made by hot applications. 
 
 When issues are made, ur bones exposed, the 
 wc/((jr should becutout iiiimediately- Sbarp^sSurg. 
 
 EscHAROTiCK. adj. [from eschar.] Caus- 
 tick ; having the power to sear or bum 
 the flesh. 
 
 EscHAROTiCK. 71. s. A caustick applica- 
 tion. 
 
 An eschar was made by the catharelick, which 
 we thrust oti', and continued the use of escltam- 
 tichs. Wiseman's Surgerq. 
 
 Escharoticks applied of ash-ashes, or blistering 
 plaster. Flayer. 
 
 ESCHE'AT. n.s. [from the French «■ 
 clieoir.'] Any lands, or otlier profits, 
 that fall to a lord within his manor by 
 forfeiture, or the death of his tenant, 
 dying without heir general or special. 
 Escheat is also used sometimes for tlie 
 place in which the king, or other lord 
 has escheats of his tenants. Thirdly, 
 escheat is used for a writ, which lies 
 where the tenant, having estate of fee- 
 simple in any lands or tenements holden 
 of a superiour lord, dies seised, wilhout 
 heir general or especial. Cowel. 
 
 If the king's ordinary- courts of justice do not 
 protect the people, if he have no certain revenue 
 or escheats, I cannot say that such a country is 
 conquered. Damesoii IreCmd. 
 
 To Esche'at. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 fall to the lord of the manor by for- 
 feiture, or for want of heirs. 
 
 In the last general wars there, I knew many 
 good freeholders executed by martial law, whose 
 lands were thereb3" saved to their heirs, which 
 should have otherwise escheated to her majesty. 
 
 Spenser on IrcUind. 
 
 He would forbear to alienate any of the for- 
 feited escheated lands in Ireland, which should ac- 
 crue to the crown by reason of this rebellion. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Eschea'tor. ti. s. [from escheat.] An 
 officer that observes the escheats of the 
 king in the county whereof he is es- 
 cheator, and certifies them into the ex- 
 chequer. Cowel. 
 
 At a Bartholomew fair at London, an escheator 
 of the city arrested a clothier, and seized his 
 goods. Camden s Remains. 
 
 To Esch'ew. v. a. [eschcoir, old Fr.] To 
 fly ; to avoid ; to shun ; to decline. A 
 word almost obsolete. 
 
 She was like a young fawn, who, coming in the 
 wind of the hunters, doth not know whether it be 
 a thing or no to be escheieed. Sidney. 
 
 So let us, wliich this change of weather view. 
 Change eke <»ur minds, and former lives amend ; 
 
 The old year's sins forepast let tis eschew, 
 And Hy the faults with which we did otTend. Spens, 
 
 He who obe^-s, destruction shall escheu- ; 
 A wise man knows both when and what to do. Sa7i. 
 
 Of virtue and vice, men are universally to prac- 
 tise the one, and eschew the other. Atterburi/. 
 
 Eschutcheon. n.s. The shield of the 
 family; the picture of the ensigns ar- 
 morial. 
 
 Eschutcheon Is a French word, from 
 the Latin scutum leather; and hence 
 Cometh our English word buckler, lepe 
 in the old Saxon signifying leather, and 
 buck or bock a buck or stag ; of whose 
 skins, quilted close together -with horn 
 or hard wood, the ancient Britons made 
 their shields. Peacham. 
 
 There be now, for martial encouragement, some 
 
 ESP 
 
 degrees and orders of chivalry, and some remem- 
 brance jjerhaps upon the escl'iulcham. Bacon. 
 We will pass over the eschntcheons of the tribes 
 of Israel, as they arc usually described in the 
 maps of Canaan. " Broun 
 
 Escort, n. s. [escort, Fr.] Convoy; 
 guard from place to place. 
 
 To Esco'rt. v. a. [escorter, Fr.] To con- 
 voy ; to guard from place to place. 
 
 ESCO'T. n.s. [Fr.] A tax paid in bo- 
 roughs and corporations towards the 
 suj)port of the community, which is 
 called scot and lot. 
 
 To EscoT. t'. a. [from the noun.] To 
 pay a man's reckoning ; to support. 
 
 AVhat, are they children ? Who maintains them : 
 How are they escotedf Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Esco'uT. n. s. [escouler, Fr.] Listeners 
 or spies ; persons sent for intelligence, 
 Now scout. 
 
 They were well entrenched, having good escout 
 abroad, and sure watcil within. Haitnard. 
 
 ESCRI'TOIR. n.s, [Fr.] A box" with 
 all the implements necessary for writ- 
 ing. Pronounced scritore, 
 
 Escu'age. n. 5. [from escu, Fr. a shield.] 
 
 Escuage, that is, service uf tlie shield, is either 
 uncertain or certain. Escnage uncertain is like- 
 wise twofuld : first, where the tenant b^ his te- 
 nure is bound to follow his lord, going in person 
 to the king's wars so many days. 'The da3-s of 
 sucli service seem to have been rated by the quan- 
 tity of the land so holden; as, if it extend to a 
 whole knight's fee, then the tenant was bound 
 thus to follow his lord forty days. A knight's fee 
 was so much land as, in those days, w as accounted 
 sutRcient living for a knight ; and that was six 
 liundred and eighty acres as some think, or eight 
 hundred as others, or 15^ per aimum. Sir Tho- 
 mas Smith saith, that census equesttis is 40/. reve- 
 nue in free lands. If the land extend but to half a 
 knight's fee, then the tenant is bound to follow his 
 lorci but twenty days. The otlier kind of this 
 escuage uncertain is called Castieward, where the 
 tenant is bound to defend a castle. Escuage cer- 
 tain is where the tenant is set at a certain sum of 
 money to be paid in lieu of such uncertain ser- 
 vices. Cowel. 
 
 E'scuLENT. adj, [esculentus, Lat.] Good 
 for food ; eatahle. 
 
 I knew a man that would fast five days ; but the 
 same man used to have continually' a great wisp 
 of herbs that he suielled on, and some esculent 
 herbs of strong scent, as gariick. Bacon. 
 
 Es'cuLENT. n,s. Something fit for food. 
 
 This cutting otf the leaves in plants, where 
 the root is the Picu/ent, as radish and parsnips, it 
 will make the root the greater, and so it will do 
 to the heads of onions ; and where the fruit is the 
 esculent, by strengthening the root, it will make 
 the fruit also the greater. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Espa'lier. n.s. Trees planted and cut 
 so as to join. 
 
 Plant your fairest tulips in places of shelter, 
 and under espaliers. Eveluns Kalendar. 
 
 Behold ^'illariu's ten years toil complete. 
 His arbours darken, his espaliers meet. Pope. 
 
 EspARCET. 71. s. [medica, or trifoUum, 
 Lat.] A kind of saint-foin. A plant. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 ESPECIAL, adj, [specialis, Lat.] Prin- 
 cipal ; chief. 
 
 They bad th' especial engines been, to rear 
 His fortunes up. Danlel'sCivil War. 
 
 Espe'cially. adv. [from especial.] Prin- 
 cipally ; chiefly ; particularly ; in an un- 
 common degree above any other. 
 
 I somewhat marvel, that they especially should 
 think it absurd to oppose church goverriment, a 
 plain matter of action, unto matter of faith, who 
 
 ESP 
 
 know that themselves divide the gospel into doc- 
 trine and discipline. Hooker. 
 
 \Vould you proceed especially against Caiuj 
 »l^'<:>»^ .' Shakesp. 
 
 I hjs delight children take in doing of mischief, 
 but more especially the pleasure they take to put 
 any tlinig to pain that is capable ot it, I cannot 
 persuade juysclf to be any other than a foreign and 
 nitroduced dispositiim. Locke. 
 
 Providence liath planted in all men a natural 
 desire and curiosity of knowing things to coiue- 
 and such things especially as concern our particu- 
 lar happiness, or the general fate of mankind. 
 
 ESPERANCE. n.s. [Fr.] Hope.^"N^t 
 used. 
 
 To be worst. 
 The lowest, most dejected things of fortune. 
 Stands still in esperance, lives not in fear. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear 
 Yet there is a credence in my heart. 
 An esperance so obstinately strong. 
 That doth invert th' attest of eyes and cars. Shak. 
 
 ESPIAL, n. s. [Fr. from espier.] A spy ; 
 a scout ; one sent to bring intelligence. 
 Not used. 
 
 Those four garrisons, issuing forth at such con- 
 venient times as they shall liave intelligence, or 
 espial ujion the enemy, will drive hira from one 
 side to another. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 As he march'd along. 
 By your espials were discovered 
 Two mightier troops. Shahesp. 
 
 'Spiats have inform'd me, 
 The English in the suburbs close entrench'd, 
 'Went through a secret grate. Shakesp. Hen. \T. 
 She had some secret espials to look abroad for 
 graceful youths, to make Plantagenets. 
 
 Bacoji's Hen. VII. 
 
 ESPLANADE, n.s. [Fr.] In fortifi- 
 cation, the same with the glacis of the 
 counterscarp originally ; but now it is 
 taken for the empty space between the 
 glacis of a citadel and the first houses of 
 the town. Harris. 
 
 EsPo'usALS. n. s. without a singular. 
 [sponsalia, Lat. espous, Fr.] The act 
 of contracting or affiancing a man and 
 woman to each other ; the act or cere- 
 mony of betrothing. 
 
 Espousal, adj. Used in the act of 
 espousing or betrothing. 
 
 The ambassador put his leg, stript naked to the 
 knee, between the espousal sheets ; that the cere- 
 mony might amount to a consummation. 
 
 Bacon's Hen. VII. 
 
 To ESPOUSE. V. a. [espouser, Fr.] 
 
 1. To contract or betroth to another: with/o. 
 
 Deliver me my wife jMichal, which I espoused 
 to me. 2 Sam. 
 
 2. Or with. 
 
 He had received lilm as a suppliant, protected 
 him as a person fled fur refuge, and espoused hira 
 with his kinswoman. Bacon. 
 
 3. To marry ; to wed, 
 Lavinia will I make my eraperess. 
 
 And m the sacred Pantheon licr espouse. 
 Shakesp. 
 With flowers, garlands, and sweet smelling herbs, 
 Espoused Eve deck'd first her nuptial bed. Milt. 
 They soon espous'd ; for they with ease were 
 join'd. 
 Who were before contracted in the mind. Dryden. 
 
 If her sire approves, 
 Let him espouse her to the peer she loves. Pope. 
 
 4. To adopt; to take to himself. 
 
 In gratitude unto the duke of Bretagnc, for his 
 former favours, lie espoused that quarrel, and de- 
 clared himself iiiaid oflheduke Bacon s Hen.\ II. 
 
 5. To maintain ; to defend. 
 
 Their gods did not only interest themselves in 
 the event of wars, but also es}>o\*sed the severalpar- 
 ties ilia visible corporeal descent. Drud.Juv.Dedi. 
 
 642
 
 ESS 
 
 The city, army, court, apouse my cause. Dryd. 
 
 Men efpi>use tne wcil-ciidoued opinions in fa- 
 shion, and then seek argunients either to make 
 good their be«uty, or varnish over their defor- 
 mity. jAVhe. 
 
 The righteousness of the best CRUse may be 
 over-balanced by tiie iniquities of iliuse that (-5- 
 
 j>t>use It. 
 
 6'Hi(i/ri(/j'c. 
 
 The cause of religion aitd goodness, whicii is 
 the cause of God, is ours by descent, and we are 
 doubly bound to e57Jimse it. Atterbury. 
 
 To Espy', v. a. [espier, Fr.] 
 
 1. To see things at a distance. 
 
 Few there are of so weak capacity but publick 
 evils they easily espy; fewer so patient as not I') 
 complain, wlien the grievous inconveniciicies 
 thereof work sensible su)art. Hi'iiAtr. 
 
 2. To discover a thing intended to be hid. 
 He wliu before lie was espied was afraid, after 
 
 being perceived was ashamed, now being liardly 
 rubbed upon, left both fear and shame, and was 
 moved to anger. Sidyicy. 
 
 8. To see unexpectedly. 
 
 As one of tiieni opened liis sack, he espied his 
 money. Gen. 
 
 4. To discover as a spy. 
 
 Mascs sent me to espy out the land, and I brought 
 
 him word again. Jos. xiv. 7. 
 
 To Espy', v. n. To watch; to look about. 
 
 Stand by the way and espy ; ask hira that flceth 
 Vfhatisdone? Jer. xlvii. 19. 
 
 Esqui're. 71. s. [escuer, Fr.] See Squire. 
 
 1. "Tlie armour-bearer or attendant on a 
 knight. 
 
 2. A title of dignity, and next in degree 
 below a knight. Those to whom this 
 title is now of right due, are all the 
 younger sons of noblemen, and their 
 heirs male for ever ; the four esquires of 
 the king's body ; the eldest sons of all 
 baronets ; so also of all knights of the 
 Bath, and knights batchelors, and thoir 
 heirs male in the right line ; those that 
 serve the king in any worshipful calling, 
 as the Serjeant chirurgeon, serjeant of 
 the ewry, master cook, &c. such as are 
 created esquires by the king with a col- 
 lar of S. S. of silver, as the heralds and 
 Serjeants at arms. The chief of some 
 ancient families are likewise esquires by 
 prescription ; those that bear any supe- 
 rior office in the commonwealth, as high 
 sheriff of any county, who retains the 
 title of esquire during his life, in respect 
 of the great trust he lias had of the posse 
 comitatus. He who is a justice of the 
 peace has it during the time he is in 
 commission, and no longer. Utter bar- 
 risters, in the acts of parliament for poll- 
 money, were ranked among esquires. 
 
 Blount. 
 
 What, are our English dead ? 
 ^Sir Richard Kelley, Davy Gam esquire. Sluikesp. 
 
 To ESSAY. V. a. [cssai/tr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To attempt; to try ; to endeavour. 
 While I this unexainj>Ied task essay. 
 
 Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way, 
 Celestial dove, divine assistance brin;:. BtLickmore. 
 
 No conquest she, tut o'er herself Hesir'd : 
 No arts cssay^t, but not to be admir'd. Pope. 
 
 2. To make exjieriment of. 
 
 3. To try the value and purity of metals. 
 The stantlard in our mint being now settled, the 
 
 rules atid methods of essaying suited to it should 
 remain uiivariatile. J ocke. 
 
 Essay, ji. s. [from the verb The accent 
 it used on either syllable.] 
 
 ESS 
 
 1. Attempt; endeavour. 
 
 Fruillfss our hnpes, thouj^h pious our essavs; 
 Your 'i to jircserve a friend, and mine lo |>raise. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 2. A loose sally of the mind ; an irregular 
 indigested piece ; not a regular and or- 
 derly composition. 
 
 My essays, of all my otlier works, have been 
 iiiDst current. Buco/i. 
 
 Yet modesily he does his work sun-ey, 
 And chIIs liis finish'd poem an essay. Poem to Rose. 
 
 3. A trial ; an experiment. 
 
 This treatise prides itself in no hi;2her a title 
 than that of an essay, or imperfect attempt at a 
 subject. Glajivilk. 
 
 He wrote this but as an essay, or taste of nty 
 virluc. Shakesp. 
 
 Repetitions wear us into a likinc (.f what pos- 
 sibly, in the first f.«(u/, disjjlensed us. Locke. 
 
 4. First taste of anything; first experi- 
 ment. 
 
 Translating the first of Homer's Iliads, I intend- 
 ed as an essay to the whule work. Diyd. Fab. Fre. 
 
 E'SSENCE. 7i.s. [esstntiOj Lat.] 
 
 1. Essence is but the very nature of any 
 
 being, whether it be actually existing or 
 
 no: a rose in Winter hys an essence; in 
 
 Summer it lias existence also. 
 
 JVaits*s Log. 
 
 One thinks the soul is air; another, fire ; 
 Another, blood diffused about the heart ; 
 
 Another saith, the elements conspire, 
 And to her essence each doth give a part. Davies. 
 
 I could wish the nature of a spirit were mure 
 
 unknown to me than it is, that I might believe its 
 
 existence, without meddling at all with its essence. 
 
 More't Divine Diahgucs. 
 
 He wrote the nature of things upon their names : 
 he could view essences in themselves, and read 
 forms without the comment of their respective 
 properties. South. 
 
 '2. Formal existence ; that which makes 
 any thing to be what it is. 
 
 The visible church of Jesus is one in outward 
 profession of those things, which supernaturally 
 appertain tu the very essence of Christianity, and 
 are necessarily requtred in every particular Chris- 
 tian man. Hookn-. 
 
 ;3. Existence ; the quality of being. 
 
 In such cogitations have I stood, with such a 
 
 darkness and heaviness of mind, that 1 might 
 
 have been persuaded to have resigned my very 
 
 essence. Sidney. 
 
 4. Being ; existent person. 
 
 As far as gods, and heav'iiiy essences 
 Can perish. Miltini's Par. Lost. 
 
 0. Species of existent being. 
 
 Here be four of you, as differing as tlie four 
 elements ; and yet you are friends : as for Eupo- 
 lis, because he is temperate, and without passion, 
 he may be the fifth essence. Bacon, 
 
 6. Constituent substance. 
 
 For spirits when they please. 
 Can eitlier se.\ assume, or botli ; so soft 
 And uncumpounded is their essence pure ; 
 TS'ot tv'd or manacled with joint or Inub. Milton. 
 
 7- The cause of existence. This sense is 
 not proper. 
 
 She is my essence; and 1 leave to be, 
 If I be not b> her fair inHueuce 
 Kuster'H, ilUnnin'd, cherish'd, kept aViv t. Shakesp. 
 
 ^. [In medicine.] The chief properties 
 or virtues of any simple, or composition 
 collected in a narrow compass. 
 
 y. Perfume; odour; scent. 
 
 Our humble ]iruvince is to 'tend the fair ; 
 To save the ptiuder from too rude a gale. 
 Nor let th' imprisun'd essctices e.vhale. Pcpe. 
 
 To Essence, v. a. [from essence,] To 
 perfume ; to scent. 
 
 The husband rails, from morning to night, at 
 essenced fops and tawdry courtiers. Addison's SpecU 
 
 EST 
 
 ESSE'NTIAL. adj. [essfnfialis, Lat] 
 
 1. Necessary to the constitution or exist- 
 ence of any thing. 
 
 The di<»ciulinc uf our church, although it be 
 not an tssentuil part uf our religion, thould not be 
 nuhly altered, as the very iuostance of our reli- 
 giuii will be inlere?4led in it. Bacon. 
 
 From that origi^ial of doing good, Uiat is essen- 
 tial to the inrmitc being of our Creator, we have 
 an excellent copy transcribed. Spratt. 
 
 Tliis power cannrtl be innate and estmtiat to 
 matter; and if it be not eaential. it i> consequent- 
 ly most manifest it could never super^'ene to it, 
 unless inijiressed and infused into it by an imma- 
 terial and divine power. Bentley. 
 
 A i^reat iiiinister puts you a case, and ask^ yoiir 
 opiinon ; hut conceals an essential circumstdiictr, 
 upon which the whole weight of the matter turns. 
 
 Svdjt. 
 
 And if each system in gradation roll, 
 Alike essential to th' amazing whole. 
 The least confusion hut in one, not all 
 That system only, but the whole must fall. Pope. 
 
 2. Important in the highest degree ; prin- 
 cipal . 
 
 Judgment's more essential to a general. 
 Than courage. Denham*s Sttphy. 
 
 3. Pure ; highly rectified ; subtilely elalx>- 
 rated ; extracted so as to contain all the 
 virtues of its elemental parts contracted 
 into a narrow compass. 
 
 The juice of the seed is an essen(iaZ oil or balm. 
 designed by nature to preserve tlic seed from cor- 
 ruption. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Essential, n.s, 
 
 1. Existence; being. 
 
 His utmost ire to the height enrag'tl. 
 Will uither quite consume us, or reduce 
 To nothing this cacnfwi. Milton s Paradise 1^>a. 
 
 2. Nature ; first or constituent principles. 
 
 The plague of sin has even altered his nature, 
 and eaten mto his very essentials. Sout^. 
 
 3. The chief point ; that which is in any 
 respect of great importance, 
 
 Esse'ntially. adv. [isstntialiter, Lat.] 
 By the constitution of nature ; really ; 
 accordinp; to the true state of things. 
 
 He that loves himself. 
 Hath not essentially^ but by circumstance. 
 The name of valour. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Body and spirit are essentially divided, lliouch 
 not locally distant. Glanville. 
 
 All sin essentiallu is, and must be, mortal. South. 
 Knowledge is that which, next to virtne. truly 
 and esseHtiaRy raises one man above a.iother. 
 
 Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Esso'iNE. n, s. [of the Fr. essonicy or 
 exoTuiic.] 
 
 1. He that has Iiis presence forborn or ex- 
 cused upon any just cause; as sickness. 
 
 2. AUegement of an excuse for him that 
 is simimoned, or sought for, lo appear 
 and answer to an action real, or to per- 
 form suit to a court-baron, upon just 
 cause of absence. CoiceL 
 
 3. Excuse ; exemption. 
 
 From every work he challenged essoin. 
 For contemplaiicin sake ; vet otherwise 
 His life he led in lawless rlotise. Fairy Qu^fn. 
 
 To ESTA BLISH. r. a [etabiir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To settle firmly ; to fix unalterably. 
 
 He may establish thee to-day for a people unto 
 himself. Dfiif. 
 
 I will establish my covenant with liini for an 
 everlasting covenant. Gen. xvW. 19. 
 
 The Normans never obtained this kingdom by 
 such a right of conquest, as did ormiglit alter ihe 
 established laws of the kingdom. lioU's C»»m. Lav. 
 
 2. To settle in any privilege or possession ; 
 to confirm, 
 
 643
 
 EST 
 
 Soon after the rebellion broke nut, tlie Presby- 
 terian sect was established id all its forms by an 
 ordinance of the lortis and commons. Swift. 
 
 3. To make firm ; to ratify. 
 
 Every vow, and every binding; oath to afflict 
 the soul, her husband may establish it, or her hus- 
 band may make it void. Numbers. 
 
 4. To fix or settle in an opinion. 
 
 So were the churclies esUtblislicd in tlie faith. 
 
 Acts, xvi. 5. 
 
 5. To form or model. 
 
 He appointed in uhut niaiiner Ills family should 
 be estahiisfied. Clarendon. 
 
 6. To found; to build firmly; to fix im- 
 movcably. A sense not in use. 
 
 For he hath founded it upon the seas, and es- 
 tablished it upon the floods. Fs. xxiv. V2. 
 
 7. To make a settlement of any inherit- 
 ance. A sense not in use. 
 
 We will establish our estate upon 
 Our eldest JNlalcoIni, whom we name hereafter 
 The prince of Cumberland. Shukcsj). Macbeth. 
 
 Esta'blisher. w. A', [from establish.] 
 He who establishes. 
 
 I reverence the holy fathers as divine cRtablishers 
 of faith. L.Dii^by. 
 
 Esta'blishment. 71. s. [from establish; 
 eiahli^scmenty Fr.] 
 
 1. Settlement; fixed state. 
 
 All happy peace, and goodly government, 
 Is seUlfs_i there in sure csiublishment. Fairii Queen. 
 
 2. Confirmation of something already 
 done ; ratification. 
 
 He had not the act penned by way of recogni- 
 tion of right; as, on the other side, he avoided to 
 have it by new law; but chose rather a kind of 
 m'\dd\c wixy, by way o( cstabHshmcnt. Bac. H.Vll. 
 
 3. Settled regidation ; form ; model of a 
 
 government or family. 
 
 Now come into that general reformation, and 
 bring in ihat establishmeni by which all men should 
 be contained in duty. Spenser. 
 
 4. Foundation ; i'undamental principle ; 
 settled law. 
 
 The sacred order to which you belong, and 
 even the estabtishnient on which it subsists, have 
 often been struck at ; but in vain. Atterlmry. 
 
 5. Allowance; income; salary. 
 
 His excellency, who had the sole disposal of the 
 emperor's revenue, might gradually lessen your 
 establishment. Swift . 
 
 6. Settled or final rest. 
 
 Whilst we set up our hopes and (stabllshmeJit 
 here, we do not seriously consider that God has 
 provided another and belter place for us. Wake. 
 
 Esta'te. 71. s. [fstai, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The general interest ; the business of 
 the government; the ptiblick. In this 
 sense it is now commonly written state. 
 
 Many tmies the things adduced to judgment 
 may be mcnm ^tuum, when the reason and conse- 
 quences thereof may reach to jioint oi estate: I call 
 matters of estate not onl^' the parts of sovereignty, 
 but whatsoever introduceth any great alteration, 
 or dangerous precedent, or concerneth manifestly 
 any great portion of people. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 2. Condition of life, with regard to pros- 
 perity or adversity. 
 
 Thanks to giddy chance, 
 Slie cast us headlong from our high estate. Dryden. 
 
 3. Condition ; circumstances in general. 
 'I'ruth and certainty are not at all secured by 
 
 innate principles : but men are in the same uncer- 
 tain, tiuatiug estate with as without them. Locke. 
 
 4. Fortune; possession; generally meant 
 of possessions in land, or realities. 
 
 She accused us to the king, as though we went 
 about to overthrow him in his own estate. Sidney. 
 
 Go, raiser ! go ; for lucre sell thy soul ; 
 Truck wares for wares, and trudge from pole to 
 pole. 
 
 E S T 
 
 That men may say, when thou art dead and gone. 
 See what a vast estate he left his son ! Dryd. Fers. 
 
 5. Rank; quality. 
 
 Who hath not Jieard of the greatness of your 
 estate? Who seeth not that your estate is much 
 excelled with tliat sweet unitnig of all beauties. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 6. A person of high rank. This sense is 
 disused. 
 
 She is a dutchess, a great estate. Latimer. 
 
 Herod, on his birth-day, made a supper to his 
 
 lords, high captains, and chief estafes of Galilee. 
 
 Mark, vi. t'l. 
 
 To Estate, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 settle as a fortune. 
 
 Why hath thy queen 
 Siinmion'd me hither? 
 — A contract of true love to celebrate, 
 And some donation freely to estate 
 On the blest lovers. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 To ESTE'EM. v. a. [estimer, Fr. cestimo. 
 
 Eat.] 
 1. To set a value whether high or low 
 upon any thing. 
 
 The worth of all men by their end esteem. 
 And then due praise, or due reproach them yield. 
 
 Speiuer. 
 A knowledge in the works of nature they ho- 
 nour, and esteem highly profound wisdom ; how- 
 beit this wisdom saveth not. Hooker. 
 
 I preferred her before sceptres and thrones, and 
 esteemed riches nothing in comparison of her. 
 
 ]Visd. vii. 8. 
 
 2. To compare; to estimate l)y proportion. 
 Besides, those single forms she doth esteem. 
 
 And in her balance doth their values try. Uaiies. 
 
 3. To prize ; to rate high; to regard with 
 reverence. 
 
 Wlio would not be loved more, though lie were 
 esteemed less ? Dryden. 
 
 4. To hold in opinion; to think; to ima- 
 gine. 
 
 One man esteemeth one day above another ; an- 
 other esteemeth every day alike. Rom. xiv. 5. 
 
 To Esteem, v. n. To consider as to value : 
 with of. 
 
 Many would little esteem o/* their own lives, yet 
 for remorse of their wives and children, would be 
 withheld from that heinous crime. 
 Este'em, n.s. [from the verb.] High 
 value ; reverential regard. 
 
 ^^'Ilo can see. 
 Without esteem for virtuous poverty, 
 Severe Fabritius, or can cease t' admire 
 The ploughman consul in his coarse attire ? Dryd. 
 
 Both tliose poets lived in mucU esteem with good 
 and holy men in orders. Dryden's Fables, Preface. 
 
 I am not uneasy that many, whom I never had 
 any esteem for, are likely to enjoy tliis world after 
 me'. ' " Pope. 
 
 Este'emer. «. 5. [from esteem.] One 
 that highly values ; one that sets an high 
 rate upon any thing. 
 
 This might instruct the proudest esteemer of his 
 own parts, how useful it is to talk and consult 
 with others. Locke. 
 
 ESTIMABLE, adj. [Fr.] 
 
 I. Valuable; worth a large price. 
 
 A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man. 
 Is not so estimable or profitable 
 As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shakesp. 
 "2. Worthy of esteem; worthy of some de- 
 gree of honour and respect. 
 
 A lady said of her two companions, that one 
 was more amiable, the other more estimable. 
 
 You lost one who gave hopes of being, in time, 
 every tiling that was estimable and good. Temple. 
 
 E'STIMABLENESS, U.S. [from es/(>wfl^/e.] 
 
 The quality of deserving regard. 
 To E'SriMATE. v. a. [ftstimOy Lat.] 
 1. To rate ; to adjust the value ofj to 
 
 EST 
 
 judge of any thing by its proportion to 
 something else. 
 
 When a man shall saiiclify his house to tlie Lord, 
 then the priest shall estimate it whether it be good 
 or bad : as the priest shall estimate it, so shall it 
 stand. Lev. xxvii. 14. 
 
 It is bjr the weight of silver, and not the name 
 of the piece, that men estimate comiuoditics and 
 exchange them. Locke. 
 
 2. To calculate ; to compute. 
 E'STIMATE. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Computation; calculation. 
 
 Upon a moderate estimate and calculation of th€ 
 quantity of water now actually contained in tlie 
 abyss, I found that this alone was full enough to 
 cover the whole globe to the height assigneu by 
 Moses. il'oodward. 
 
 2. Value. 
 
 I'd love 
 My country's good, with a respect more tender. 
 More holy and profound than mine own life. 
 My dear wife's cstiiimte, her womb's increase, 
 The treasure of my loins. !^hakesp. Coriolamis. 
 
 3. Valuation ; assignment of proportional 
 value; comparative judgment. 
 
 The only way to come to a true estimate upon 
 the odds betwixt a publick and a private life, is 
 to try both. L'Estrange. 
 
 Outward actions can never give a just estimate 
 of us, since there are many perfections of a man 
 which are not capable of appearing in actions. 
 
 Addison. 
 Estima'tion. w. s. [from estimate.] 
 
 1. The act of adjusting proportional value. 
 If a man should sanctify unto the Lord some 
 
 part of a field, the estimation shall be according to 
 tlie seed. Leviticus. 
 
 2. Calculation ; computation. 
 
 3. Opinion ; judgement. 
 
 In our own estimation we account such particu- 
 lars more worthy than those that are already tried 
 and known. Bacon. 
 
 4. Esteem ; regard ; honour. 
 
 Crimes there were laid to his charge niany, tlie 
 least whereof being just, had bereaved him of esli- 
 mation and credit with men. Hooker. 
 
 Of your brace of unprizabic estimations,^ the one 
 is but frail, and the otiicr casual. Shakesp. 
 
 I know the gentleman 
 To he of worth and worthy estimation, 
 And not without desert so well re[iutcd. Shakesp. 
 
 I shall have estimation among the multitude, and 
 honour with the elders. Wisd. viii. 10. 
 
 A plain reason of the publick honours due to 
 the magistrate is, that he may be in due estimation 
 and reverence. Atterburt^, 
 
 E'STIMATIVE. adj. [from estimate.] Hav- 
 ing the power of comparing and adjust- 
 ing the preference. 
 
 We find in animals an estimative or judicial 
 faculty, an appetitioil or aversation, and loco-mo- 
 tive faculty answering the will. Hale. 
 
 The error is not in tlie eye, but in the estimative 
 faculty, which mistakingly concludes that colour 
 to belong to the wall, which indeed belongs to the 
 object. Botjle. 
 
 Estimator, n.s. [from estimate.] A 
 
 settler of rates ; a computist. 
 E'stival. adj. [(estivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Pertaining to the summer. 
 
 2. Continuing for the summer. 
 Estiva'tion.?!.*. [(Bstivatio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of passing the summer. 
 A grotto is a place of shade, or estivation. Bacon. 
 
 EsTo'PEL. M. s. [lav? term.] Such an act 
 as bars any legal process. 
 
 EsTo'vER.s. 91. s. [law term.] Necessa- 
 ries allowed by law. 
 
 Estra'de. H. «. [Fr. stratum, Lat.] An 
 even or level space. Diet. 
 
 To ESTR.VNGE. v. a. [eslranger, Fr.] 
 
 644
 
 EST 
 
 1. To keep at a distance; to withdraw. 
 
 Had we not only cut off their corruptions, but 
 also estranged ourselves from them in things indif- 
 ferent, wlio seetli nut liow greatly prejudicial this 
 might iiave been to so gootfa cause? Hooker. 
 
 They linow it is our custom of simple reading, 
 not for conversion of infidels estranged from the 
 house of God, but for inslruclionof men baptized, 
 bred, and brought up in the bosom of tlie church. 
 
 Jiooker. 
 
 See, slie weeps ; 
 
 Tliinks me unkind, or false, and knows not why 
 
 1 thus estrange my person from her bed. Dri/den. 
 
 •2. To alienate ; to divert from its original 
 
 use or possessor. 
 
 Ihey have estranged this place, and have burnt 
 incense in it to other gods. Jer. xix. 4. 
 
 3. To alienate from affection ; to turn from 
 kindness to malevolence or indifference. 
 How comes it now, my husband , oh, how conies it, 
 
 That thou art thus estranged from thyself? 
 Thyself I call it, being strange to me. Shakesp. 
 
 Adam, estranged in look, and alter'd style. 
 Speech intermitted, thus to Eve renew'd. Miltm. 
 
 I came to grieve a father's heart estrang'd ; 
 But little thought to find a mistress chang'd. Dr\fd. 
 
 1 do not know, to this hour, what it is tliat has 
 estranged him from me. Pojie. 
 
 4. To withdraw or withhold. 
 
 We must estrange our belief from every thing 
 which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. 
 
 GLanvUle's Scepsis. 
 
 Estrangement, n.s. [from estrange.] 
 Alienation; distance; removal; volun- 
 tary abstraction. 
 
 Desires, by a long estrangement from better 
 things, come at length perfectly to loath, and Hy 
 off trom them. South. 
 
 ESTRAPADE. n.s. [Fr.] The defence 
 of a horse that will not obey, who, to 
 get rid of his rider, rises mightily before ; 
 and while his forehand is yet in the air, 
 yerks furiously with his hind legs. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Estre'ate. n. s. [extractum, Lat.] The 
 true copy of an original writing : for 
 example, of amerciaments or penalties, 
 set down in the rolls of a court, to be 
 levied by the bailiff", or other officer, of 
 every man for his offence. A law term. 
 
 Coii'd 
 
 EstRE'pement. n. s. [of the French word 
 estrepier.^ Spoil made by the tenant 
 for term of life upon any lands or woods, 
 to the prejudice of him in the reversion. 
 
 Cowel. 
 
 E'strich; n. s. [commonly written cs- 
 trich; slruthiocamelus.] The largest 
 of birds. 
 
 To be furious. 
 Is to be frighted out of fear ; and, in that mood , 
 The dove will peck the estridge. Shakesp. 
 
 The peacock, not at thy command, assumes 
 His glorious train ; nor estrich her rare plumes. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 E'stuance. n. s. Heat ; warmth. A 
 word rarely found. 
 
 Averroes restrained his hilarity, and made no 
 more thereof than Seneca commendeth and was 
 allowable in Cato ; that is, a sober incalesccnce, 
 and regulated estuance from wine. Brotcn. 
 
 E'STUARY. n.s. [{estuarium, L,at.] An 
 arm of the sea ; the mouth of a lake or 
 river in which the tide reciprocates ; a 
 frith. 
 
 To EsTUATE. v.a. [asiuo, Lat.] To swell 
 and fall reciprocally ; to boil ; to be in a 
 state of violent commotion. Diet. 
 
 E T E 
 
 Estua'tion. n. s. [from testtw, Lat] 
 The state of boiling; reciprocation of 
 rise and fall ; agitation ; commotion. 
 
 Rivers and lakes that want fermenting parts at 
 the bottom, are not excited into estiiatiotis ; there- 
 fore some seas flow higher than others. Brown. 
 
 The motion of the will is accompanied with a 
 sensible commotion of the spirits, and an estnution 
 of the blood. Noyris. 
 
 E'sTURE. «. s. [eeslus, Lat.] Violence ; 
 commotion. 
 
 The seas retain 
 Not only their outrageous esture there. 
 But supernatural mischief they expire. Chapman. 
 
 Esu'rient. adj. [esuriens, Lat.] Hungry ; 
 
 voi'acious. Diet. 
 
 E'svRiNE. adj. [esurio, Lat.] Corroding; 
 
 eating. 
 
 Over much piercing is the air of Hanipsiead, in 
 which sort of air there is always soiiielhiu'.: esiir'nie 
 and acid. JViscmdii. 
 
 Etc. a contraction of the two Latin words 
 et catera, which signifies, and so vn ; and 
 the rest; and others of the like kind. 
 
 To Etch. v.a. [etzen, Germ.] 
 
 1. A way used in making of prints, by 
 drawing with a proper needle upon a 
 copper-plate, covered overwith a ground 
 of wax, (Sfc. and well blacked with the 
 smoke of a link, in order to take off the 
 figure of the drawing or print ; wliich 
 having its back-side tinctured with white 
 lead, will, by running over the strucken 
 out lines with a stilt, impress the exact 
 figure on the black or red ground ; which 
 figure is afterwards with needles drawn 
 deeper quite through the ground, and 
 all the shadows and hatchings put in ; 
 and then a wax border being made all 
 round the plate, there is poured on a 
 sufficient quantity of well tempered aqxta 
 
 fori is, which insinuating into the strokes 
 made by the needles, usually eats, in 
 about half an hour, into the figure of the 
 print or drawing on the copper-plate. 
 
 Hai-ris. 
 
 2. To sketch; lo draw; to delineate [un- 
 less this word be mistaken by Locke for 
 eke.l 
 
 There are many empty terms to be found in 
 some learned writers, to which they had recourse 
 to etch out their systems. Locke. 
 
 3. [This word is evidently mistaken by 
 Ray for edge.] To move forwards to- 
 wards one side. 
 
 When we lie long awake in the night, we are 
 not able to rest one quarter of an hour without 
 shifting of sides, or at least etching this way and 
 that way, more or less. Hay. 
 
 Etch. n. s. A country word of wliich I 
 
 know not the meaning. 
 
 When they sow their etch crops, they sprinkle 
 a pound or two of clover on an acre. Mortimer. 
 
 Where you find dunging of land makes it rank, 
 lay dung iipou tlic etch, and sow it'witli barley. 
 Mortimer's Htisbatidry. 
 
 ETERNAL, adj. [^termis. Lat.] 
 
 1. Without beginning or end. 
 
 The eternal God is thv refuge. Deutcr. xxxiii. 27. 
 
 2. Without beginning. 
 
 It is a question quite dilVerent from our having an 
 idea of eternity, to know whether there were any 
 real being, whose duration has hct^ii eterjial ^ Locke. 
 
 3. Without end; endless; immortal. 
 
 E T E 
 
 Thou know'st that Banquu^nd hi<> FIcaiice livei 
 — }iiit in ttit-m nature's Cf»[>v'b not ettmal. Sltahrxp 
 
 4. Perpetual ; constant ; unintermittin^jr. 
 
 Burnt ofTrin^s mom and tv'nin|; shall be thine. 
 And fires eteniul in thy tciupic shiiic. Dryden. 
 [>, Unchangeable. 
 
 Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he op- 
 posed. Dryden, 
 
 Eternal, n.s. [eternel, Fr.] One of the 
 appellations of the Godhead. 
 That law whereby the£(fmai himself doth work. 
 
 Hooker. 
 The Eternal, to prevent such horrid fray, 
 Hung out of lieav'n his golden scales. MiUtm, 
 
 Ete'rnalist. n.s. [(tternus, Lat.] One 
 that holds the past existence of the 
 world infinite. 
 
 1 wiiuld ask iUc etemalists what mark is there 
 that they Cf^ultl expect to desire of the novelty of 
 a world, that is not found in this i Or what mark 
 is there of eternity that is found in this ,' Bunut. 
 
 To Ete'rnalize. v.a. [from eternal.^ 
 To make eternal. Diet. 
 
 Ete'rnally. adv. [from eternal.] 
 
 1. Without beginning or end. 
 
 2. Unchangeably ; invariably. 
 
 That wliich is morally good, or evil, at any time, 
 or in any case, must be also eternally and un- 
 changeably so, with relation to that time and lo 
 that case. Soxah. 
 
 3. Perpetually ; without intermission. 
 Bear me, some god, to Baja's gentle seals. 
 
 Or cover me in L mbria's green retreats, 
 
 \\'here western gales etemaUy reside. 
 
 And ail the seasons lavish all their pride. AddiS''^^ 
 
 Ete'rne. adj, [eeternusj Lat.] Eternal ; 
 
 perpetual ; endless. 
 
 The Cyclops Iiammers fall 
 O.i jMars his armour, forg'd for proof eteme. Shak. 
 
 Ete'rnity. 71. s. [(eteniitas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Duration without beginning or end. 
 
 In this ground his precious root 
 Still lives, which, wheuweaktimeshallbe pour'dout 
 Into e(ernily, and circular jovs 
 Dancing an endlcssround , again shall ntc.Crashau\ 
 
 Thy immortal rliyme 
 Makes this one short point of time, 
 To fill up half the orb of round eternity. Cowley. 
 By repeating the idea of any lenglit of duration 
 which we have in our minds, witli all the endless 
 addition of number, we corae by the idea of <ftr- 
 nity. Locke. 
 
 2. Duration without end. 
 
 Beyond is all abyss, 
 Eternity, whose end no eye can reach ! Milton. 
 
 Eteryiitu, thuu pleasing, dreadful thought ! 
 Through what variety of untried being. 
 Through what new scenes and changes raust we 
 pass ! Addison 
 
 To Eternize, v. a. [atemo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make endless ; to perpetuate. 
 
 I with two f.tir gifts 
 Created him endow'd ; w'llh liappiness, 
 And immortalilv : tluU fondlv lost, 
 This other servM but to ctcnnze woe. MUton. 
 
 2. To make for ever famous ; to immorta- 
 lize. 
 
 Mankind by all means seeking lo eternize him- 
 self, so much the mure as ho is near his end, doth 
 it by speeches and writings. Sidney. 
 
 And well beseems all knights of noble name, 
 That covet in th' immortal book of fame 
 To be eterniu'd, that same to haunt. Fairy Queen. 
 
 I miglit relate of thousands, and their names 
 E(erni:eherc on earth ; but those elect 
 Aneels, contented «ilh their fame in heav'n, 
 SeeK, not the praise of men. MUton's Far. Txtt. 
 
 The four crcat monarchies have been celebrated 
 hy the writings of many famous men, who have 
 efer«i:t(i their fame, andthereby their own. Temp/f. 
 
 Both of them are set on fire by the great actions 
 of heroes, and both endeavour'to eternize them. 
 Dryden's Dtifresnou. 
 
 G45
 
 E T II 
 
 3. Creech seems to have accented the first 
 syllable. 
 Hence canic its name, in that the grateful Jove 
 
 Halh eterniz'd the gi^rv of his love. Creech's Manil. 
 
 E'THKK. w. s. [aether, Lat. ai%^.] 
 
 1. An element more fine and subtile than 
 air ; air refined or sublimed. 
 
 li aii^ one should -suppose that ether, like our air, 
 may contain pariiclea \vhicli LMuleavour to recede 
 from one another; tur I do nut know what this 
 ether is ; antt that its particles are exceedingly 
 smaller than tlinse of air, or even than those v( 
 light, the exceeding smailiiess of its particles may 
 contribute to tlie greatness of the force by whicL 
 those particles may recede from one another. 
 
 Nacton. 
 
 The parts of other bodies are held together by 
 llie eternal pressure of the ether^ and can have no 
 other conceivable cause of their cohesion and 
 union. Locke, 
 
 2. The matter of the highest regions above. 
 
 There fields of light and liquid ether l\nw, 
 Purg'd from the pond'rous dregs of earth below. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 Ethe'real. adj. [from ether.] 
 
 1. Formed of ether. 
 
 J\Iau feels me, when I press th' ethereal plains. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Celestial; heavenly. 
 
 Go, heav'niy guest, ethereal messenger. 
 Sent from wh so sov'reign goodness I adore. Milt. 
 Thrones and imperial pow'rs, offspring of 
 Heav'n, 
 Ethereal virtues! NUtim's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Such as these, being in good part freed from the 
 entanglements of sense and body, are emplo3-ed, 
 like tlie spirits above, in contemplating the Divine 
 Wisdom in tiie works of nature; a kind of anti- 
 cipation of the et/iereu/ happiness and employment. 
 
 GlanviUe. 
 Vast chain of being, which from God began, 
 Natures ethei'eal, human ; angel, man. Pope. 
 
 Ethe'reous. adj. [from ether.] Formed 
 of ether; heavenly. 
 
 Behold tlie bright surface 
 Of this ethereou^ mould, whereon we stand. Milt. 
 ETHICAL, adj. [^S*k^.] Moral; treat- 
 ing on morality. 
 Ethically, adv, [from ethical.] Ac- 
 cording to the doctrines of morality. 
 
 My subject leads me not to discourse ethically, 
 but Christianly of the faults of the tongue. 
 
 Co!^ernme?it of the Tongue. 
 
 Kthick. adj, [v^in'^.] Moral ; deliver- 
 ing precepts of morality. Whence Pope 
 entitled part of his works Ethick Epis- 
 tles. 
 
 E'thicks. n. s. without the singular. 
 [^»»t*7.] The doctrine of morality ; a 
 system of morality. 
 
 For of all moral virtues, she was all 
 lliat ethicks speak of virtues cardinal. Donne. 
 
 I will never set politicks against ethicks; for 
 true ethicks are but as a handmaid to divinity and 
 religion. Bacon. 
 
 Persius professes the stoick philosophy ; the 
 most generous amongst all the sects who iiave 
 given rules of ethicks. Drydcn. 
 
 If the atheists would live up to the ethicks of 
 Epicurus himself, they would make few or no pro- 
 selytes from the Christian religion. Bcntley. 
 
 Ethnick. adj. [eSmci^'.] Heathen; Pa- 
 gan ; not Jewish ; not Christian. 
 
 Such contumely as the ethick world durst not 
 offer him, is the pecuhar insolence of degenerated 
 Christians. Govern7nent of the Tongue. 
 
 I shall begin with the agreement of profane, 
 whether Jewish or ethnick, 'with the Sacred Writ- 
 ings. Grew. 
 
 E'thnicks. n. s Heathens; not Jews; 
 not Christians. 
 
 This first Jwpiter of the ethnicL<i was then the 
 •ame Cain, the sou of Adam. Raleigh's History. 
 
 EVA 
 
 Etholo'gical. adj. [W^ and ^sy^.] 
 Treating of morality. 
 
 Etio'logy. w. s. [atTtoX(.yia.] An ac- 
 count of the causes of any thing, ge- 
 nerally of a distemper. 
 
 I have not particulars enough to enable me to 
 enter into tlie e(io/i)o:y of 1 his distemper. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Etymolo'gical. adj. [i\-om ef i/ mo I ogi/.] 
 Relating to etymology; relating to the 
 derivation of words. 
 
 Excuse this conceit, this etymological observa- 
 tion. Locke. 
 
 Etymo'logist. n.s. [^roxn efi/mologj/.] 
 One who searches out the original of 
 words; one who shows the derivation 
 of words from their original. 
 
 ETYMO'LOGY. n. s. [elymohgia, Lat. 
 irvfx^^ and K6y<^.] 
 
 1. The descent or derivation of a word 
 from its original ; the deduction of form- 
 ations from the radical word ; the ana- 
 lysis of compound words into primitives. 
 
 Consumption is generally taken for any univer- 
 sal diminution andcoiliquationof the body, which 
 acceptation its efymo/o^y implies. Harvey on Coiis. 
 
 When words are restrained, by conuuon usage, 
 to a particular sense, to run up to etymology, and 
 construe them by dictionary, is wretchedly ridi- 
 culous. Colliers Viewtf the Stage. 
 
 Pelvis is used by comick writers for a looking- 
 glass, by which means the etymology of the word 
 is visible, and pelvidera will signify a lady who 
 looks in her glass. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 If the meaning of a word could be learned by 
 its derivation or etymology, yet the original deriva- 
 tion of words is oftentimes very dark, IVaffs's Log. 
 
 2. The part of grammar which delivers 
 the inflections of nouns and verbs. 
 
 E'tymon. 71. s. [sTVfA,Q)>.] Origin; pri- 
 mitive word. 
 
 Blue halh its etymon from the High Dutch blaw ; 
 
 from whence they call himmel-blue, that which 
 
 we call sky-colour or heaven's blue. Peacham 
 
 To Eva'cate. v. a. \yaco, Lat.] To empty 
 
 out ; to throw out. 
 
 Dry air opens the surface of the earth to disin 
 carcerate venene bodies, or to eiacate them. 
 
 Harvey on the Plagxie, 
 
 To EVA'CUATE. v. a. [evacuo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make empty ; to cleiu'. 
 
 There is no good way of prevention but by eva- 
 cuatitig clean, and emptying the church. Hooker. 
 
 We tried how far the air would manifest its 
 gravity in so thin a medium, as we could make in 
 our receiver, by evacuating it. Boyle. 
 
 2. To throw out as noxious, or offensive. 
 
 3. To void by any of the excretory passages. 
 
 Boerhaave gives an instance of a patient, who 
 by a long use of whey and water, and garden 
 fruits, evacuated a great quantity of black matter, 
 and recovered his senses. Arbuthnot. 
 
 4. To make void ; to evacate ; to nullify ; 
 to annul. 
 
 The defect, thouj^h it would not evacuate a mar- 
 riage, after coliabitation and actual c<jnsumina- 
 tion ; yet it was enough to make void a contract. 
 Bacon s Henry \T1. 
 
 If the prophecies reorded of the Messiah are 
 not fulfilled in Jesus of Nazareth, it is impossible 
 to know when a pro|)hecy is fulfilled, and when 
 not, in any thing or person whatsoever, which 
 would utterly evacuate the use of them. South. 
 
 5. To quit ; to withdraw from out of a 
 place. 
 
 As this neutrality was never observed by the 
 eniperour, so he never effectually evacuated Cata- 
 lonia. Su-ift. 
 
 Eva'cuant. n. s. [evacuans, Lat.] Medi- 
 cine that procures evacuation by any 
 passage. 
 
 EVA 
 
 Evacua'tion. n.s. [from evacuate.] 
 
 1. Such emissions as leave a vacancy; dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Consider Uie vast evacuationi of men that Eng- 
 land hatb had by assistances lent to foreign king, 
 doms. Uute's Origin of iHanWnS. 
 
 2. Abolition ; nullification. 
 
 Popery hath not been able to re-establish itself 
 in any place, after provision made against it, by 
 utter ciacuation of all Romish ceremonies. Hooher. 
 
 3. The practice of emptying the body by 
 physick. 
 
 The usual practice of physick among us, tarns 
 in a manner wholly upon evacuation, either by 
 bleeding, vomit, or some purgation. Temple. 
 
 4. Discharges of the body by any vent 
 natural or artificial. 
 
 To EVA'DE. v.a. [evado, Lat.] 
 
 1. To elude; to escape by artifice or stra- 
 tagem. 
 
 In this point charge him home, that he affecti 
 Tyrannicfc power: if he evade us there, 
 Inforcc him with his envy to the people. Shakesp. 
 
 If tliou covet death, as utmost end 
 Of misery', so tiiinking to evade 
 The penalty pronounc d, doubt not but God 
 Hath wiselier arm'd his vengeful ire, than so 
 To be forestall'd. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 He might evade the accomplishment of these 
 afllictions he now gradually endureth. Brown. 
 
 2. To avoid ; to decline by subterfuge. 
 Our question thou evad'st ? how did'st thou dare 
 
 To break hell bounds? Vritdejt's State ofhmocence. 
 
 3. To escape or elude by sophistry. 
 
 My argument evidently overthrows all that he 
 brings to evade the testimonies of the fathers. 
 
 Slitlingjieet. 
 
 4. To escape as imperceptible or uncon- 
 querable, as too great or too subtle to 
 be seized or subdued. 
 
 We have seen how a contingent even baffles 
 man's knowledge, and evades his power. South. 
 
 To Eva'de. v. 11. 
 
 1 . To escape ; to slip away. It is not 
 now used with /rom. 
 
 His wisdom, by often evading from perils, was 
 turned rather into a dexterity to deliver himself 
 from danger , than into a providence to prevent it. 
 Bacon s Henry VII. 
 Unarra'd they might 
 Have easily, as spirits, evaded swift 
 Uy quick contraction, or remove. Milton. 
 
 2. To practise sophistry or evasions. 
 
 The ministers of God are not to evade or take 
 refuge in any of these two foremeutioned ways. 
 
 South. 
 
 Evaga'tion. n. s. [evagor, Lat.j The 
 act of wandering; exciursion ; ramble; 
 deviation. 
 
 These long chains of lofty monntains, which 
 run through whole continents east and west, serve 
 to stop the evagation of the vapooirs to the north 
 and south in hot countries. R<^y. 
 
 Evane'scent. adj. [evanescens, Lat.] 
 A'anishing ; imperceptible ; lessening be- 
 yond the perception of tlie senses. 
 
 The canal grows still smaller and slendeier, so 
 as that the evanescent solid and fluid will scarce 
 ditler. Arbuthnot. 
 
 The difierence between right and wrong, on 
 some petty cases, is almost evanescent. U'oltuslon. 
 
 The downy orchard, and the melting pulp 
 Of mellow fruit, the nameless nations feed 
 Of evanescent insects. Tliomson's Spring. 
 
 Evange'lical. adj. [evangelique, Fr. 
 
 evangelicus, Lat.] 
 1. .Agreeable to gospel ; consonant to the 
 Christian law revealed in the holy gospel. 
 I'his distinction between moral goodness and 
 evangelical perfection, ought to have been ob- 
 served. Arbuthnot. 
 
 046
 
 EVA 
 
 God will indeed judge the world in righteous- 1 
 ness ; but 'tis bv an evtuLgelicat, not a legal rigli- 
 teouftiiess, and b^ the iiiterveutiun of the man 
 Christ Jesus, who is tlie Saviour as well as the 
 Judge of the world. Atterbury. 
 
 2. Contained in the gospel. 
 
 Those evangelicaL hymns they allow not to stand 
 in our lUurgj. Hiwkcr. 
 
 Eva'ngelism. n.s. [from evungely.} The 
 [MTomiilgation of the blessed gospel. 
 
 Thus was this land saved from inndtlity , tlirtnigli 
 
 the apostolical and miraculous evam^eiUm. Bacon. 
 
 Eva'nGELIST. 7t.S. [Bvayyt?^<^.] 
 
 1. A writer of the history of our Lord Jesus. 
 
 £acb (jf these early writers ascribe to the four 
 
 evangelists by name ll^eir respective histories. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 *2. A promulgator of the Christian laws. 
 
 Those to whom he first entrusted the proraul- 
 
 gatlng of the gospel, had instructions ; and it were 
 
 ntour new euan^Wis/s should show their authority. 
 
 Decay of Fietii. 
 
 To Eva'ngelize. v. a. [evangetizo, Lat. 
 sfayyiAi^w.] To instruct in the gospel, 
 or law of Jesus. 
 
 The spirit 
 Pour'd first on his apostles, whom he sends 
 T' evangtlize liie nations ; then on all 
 Baptiz'd, sliall them with wond'rous gifts endue. 
 
 Miiton. 
 
 EVA'NGELY. n. $, [lv»yyixi»p, that is» 
 good tidings.] Good tidings; the mes- 
 sage of pardon and salvation ; the holy 
 gospel ; the gospel of Jesus. 
 
 Good Lucius, 
 Tliat first receiv'd Christianitj, 
 The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely. Fairy Q. 
 
 Eva'nid. adj. [tvaniduSf Lat.] Faint; 
 weak ; evanescent. 
 
 Where there is heat and strength enough in the 
 plant to make the leaves odorate, there the smell 
 of the flower is rather evanid and weaker than 
 tliat of the leaves. Bacon 
 
 The decoctions of simples, which bear the visi- 
 ble colours of bodies decocted, are dead and evanid, 
 without tiie conimixtion of a)lum» ^rgol, and the 
 like. Brouii. 
 
 I put as great difference between our new lights 
 and ancient truths, as between the sun and an 
 eianid meteor. Glanvitle. 
 
 To Eva'nish. v. a, [evanesco, Lat.] To va- 
 nish ; to escape from notice orperception. 
 
 Eva'porable. adj. [from evaporate.] 
 Easily dissipated in fumes or vapours. 
 
 Such cordial powders as are aromatick, their 
 virtue lies in parts that are of themselves volatile, 
 and easily evaporable. Grew. 
 
 To EVA'PORATE. v.w. [evaporo, Lat.] 
 To fiy away in vapours or. fumes; to 
 waste insensibly as a volatile spirit. 
 
 Poesy is of so subtile a spirit, that in the pour- 
 ing out of one language into another it will al 
 evaporate. Denham 
 
 Our works unhappily evaporated into words ; 
 we should have talked less, and done more. 
 
 Decay of Pieti). 
 
 Being weary witli attending the slow consump- 
 tion uf the liquor, we set it in a digesting furnact 
 to evaporate more nimbly. Boyle 
 
 This vapour fallino; upon joints which have not 
 heat enough todisperit, cannot be cured otherwise 
 tljan by burning, 03' which it eiaporates. Temple. 
 
 The enemy takes a surer wa^ to consume us, by 
 letting our courage evaporate against stones and 
 rubbish. SuHft. 
 
 To Eva'porate. v. a. 
 1, To drive away in fumes; to disperse 
 in vapours. 
 
 If we ciimpute that prodigious mass of water 
 daily thrown into tiic sea from all the rivers, we 
 should then know how much is perpetually eva- 
 porated, and cast again upon thecontllients to sup- 
 ply those inimmerable streams. BentUy. 
 
 EVE 
 
 Convents abroad are so many retreats for the 
 
 spcculiilivo, the iiifljiiichol^', the prtjud, thesiient. 
 the [nilitick, and ilic morose, to itpcnd tlieiu^telvcii, 
 and evajntrate the nosiotts particles. Hwiji. 
 
 We perceive clearly that fire will warm or burn 
 us, and will evaptirate water. Wattis Iji^ck. 
 
 2. To give vent 10; to let out in ebulli- 
 tion or sallies. 
 
 JMy l»jrd cif Essex evapofated his thoughts in a 
 sonnet to be sun<; before the queen. Wottim. 
 
 Evapora'tion. U.S. [t'rom evaporate.] 
 
 1. The act of" flying away in fumes or va- 
 pours ; vent ; (liscliarge. 
 
 They are but the fruits of adusted cholcr, and 
 the evdjun-atiojis of a vindictive sipirit. Jloucl. 
 
 Evitporat'ums are at some times greater, accord- 
 ing to the j;reat<T heat of the sun ; so wlierever 
 tliey alight again in rain, 'tis sujierJorin quantity 
 to the rain of colder seasons. M'oodirartt. 
 
 2. The act of attenuating matter, so as to 
 make it fume away. 
 
 Those waters, by rarefaction and evaporation 
 
 ascended. 
 
 Ral. 
 
 3. [In pharmacy.] An operation by n hich 
 liquids are spent or tl riven away in 
 steams, so as to leave some part stronger, 
 or of a higher consistence than before. 
 
 Qiiincj/. 
 Eva'sion. n. s. [d'ffii/Hj, Lat.] E.xcuse ; 
 subterfuge ; sophistry ; artifice ; artful 
 means of eluding or escaping. 
 
 \\'e are too wellac()uainted witli those answers; 
 But his evasieUt wing'd thus swift with scorn. 
 Cannot outfly our apprehensions. Sbakesp. 
 
 Him, after all disputes, 
 Forc'd I absolve : all uiy evasions vain. 
 And reasonings, thougit through mazes, lead me 
 
 still 
 But to my own conviction. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 In vaiji thou slriv'sl to cover sbame witli shame ; 
 Thou by tviisioiis thy crime uncover'st more. Mitt. 
 
 Evasive, adj. [from evade.] 
 
 1. Practising evasion ; elusive. 
 
 Thus lie, though conscious of tb' etherial guest, 
 Answcr'd evasive of the sly request. Pope's Odijssey. 
 
 2. Containing an evasion ; sophistical ; 
 dishonestly artful. 
 
 Eva'sively. adv. [from evasive.] By 
 evasion ; elusiveiy ; sophistically. 
 
 EUCHARIST. 71. s. [ivx'^^^r'x^.] The act 
 of giving thanks ; the sacramental act in 
 which the death of om- Redeemer is com- 
 memorated with a thankful remem- 
 brance ; the sacrament of the Lord's 
 supper. 
 
 Himself did better like of common bread to be 
 used in the eucharist. Hooker. 
 
 Soiue receive the sacrament as a means to jiro- 
 cure great graces and blessings, others as an eucha- 
 rist and an office of thanksgiving for what they 
 have received. Taulor. 
 
 EucHAHl'STlCAL. adj. [fi-om eucharist.] 
 
 1. Containing acts of thanksgiving. 
 
 The latter ]iart was eucliaristical, wliieli began 
 at the breaking and blessing of the bread. Brown. 
 
 It w ould not be amiss to put it into tlie eucliaris- 
 tical part of our daily devotions : we praise thee, 
 O God, fur our limb's and senses. Ray. 
 
 2. Relating to the sacrament of the supper 
 of the Lord. 
 
 Eucho'logy. ?j. i.[li'xo^oy»"-l A formu- 
 lary of prayers. 
 
 Eu'cRASY. n.s. [Ivx^xaia..] An agreeable 
 well proportioned mixture of qualities^ 
 whereby a body is said to be in a good 
 state of health. Quinct/. 
 
 Eve. \n. s. [tepn. Sax. avend, or 
 
 E'VEN. J avond. Out.] 
 
 EVE 
 
 1. The close of the day ; the latter part of 
 the day ; the interval between bright 
 light and darkness. 
 
 Ihcy, like so many AlexaoHers, 
 Have in these prtrt> from iiioru 'till ec<n fought. 
 And sheath'd their sword» for lack of argnment. 
 
 Shakap. 
 
 When the sun's nrb both erf n and morn isbrigbt. 
 Then let n"» fear of storms thy mind att*rii:ht. May. 
 
 Such sights as v"<ithful [joets dream 
 On SuniiiK-r /-res by haunted streatn Mittirru 
 
 O, iii^huii^ale/that on yoii hluomy spray 
 Warlilest at e>'c, Alien all tlie woods are ^liJl. MUt, 
 
 I'll' unerring »>uti by certain signs declares. 
 What the late ev^n, or early moni prepares. DryH. 
 
 Winter, oft at etc, resumes tlie breeze, 
 ChilU tire pale morn. Thcrruons Spring. 
 
 2. The vitjil or fast to be observed before 
 ail h(lli(lay^ In this sense only eve is 
 used, not even. 
 
 Let the innnediate preceding day be kept as the 
 eve to this great feast. Dtippa's Rule to Devotion. 
 
 E'vEN. adj. [epen, Sax. even, Dut, ttquus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. I^vel ; not rugged; not unequal; 
 smooth as opposed to rough. 
 
 To sec a legKar'i brat in riches flow. 
 Adds not a wrinkle to my fieri brow. Drydtn. 
 
 The present face of Ilome is much more even 
 and level than it was formerly. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The superficies of such plates are not et*ti, but 
 have many cavities ioid swellings, which, how 
 shallow soever, do a little vary the thickness of 
 the phite. ' Neicton's Opticks. 
 
 2. Uniform ; equal to itself. 
 
 Lay the rough paths of peevish nature eu'n. 
 And open in ciich heart a little heav'n. Pru»r. 
 
 3. Level with ; parallel to. 
 
 That the net way beeivn to the midst of the altar. 
 
 Eiodus. 
 Aad shall lay thee even with the ground. 
 
 Luhe^ XIX. 44. 
 
 4. Not having inclination any way ; nor 
 leaning to any side. 
 
 He was 
 A iiohle servant to thera ; but he could not 
 Carry his honours even. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 5. Not having any part higher or lower 
 
 than the other. 
 
 When Alexander demanded of one what was 
 the fittest seat of his empire, he laid a dry hide 
 before him, and desired hira to set his foot ou 
 one side thereof; which being done, all the other 
 parts of tl.c hide did rise up ; but when he did set 
 nis foot in the middle, all the other parts lay flat 
 and even. Davits. 
 
 6. Equal on both sides; fair; not favour- 
 ing either. 
 
 t'pheid by me, yet once more he shall slaiid 
 
 On even i;ro*und ai^ainst his mortal foe. Milton 
 
 7. ^Vithout any thing owed, either good 
 or ill ; out of debt. 
 
 Wc reckon with your several loves. 
 And make us even with you ; 
 Henceforth be earls. " Shakesp. Macbeth 
 
 I w ill be even with thee, doubt it not. Shakesp. 
 I do eonfess 
 The biiud lad's pnw'r, while he inhabits there , 
 But I'll ben'n with hira nevertheless. Suckim^. 
 
 In taking: revenge, a man is but even with his 
 enemy, but in passing it over, he is superior. 
 
 Bacons Essays. 
 
 Even reckoning makes lasting friends ; and the 
 way to make reckonings even is to make ihem 
 often. South. 
 
 The publick is always even with an author who 
 has not a just deference for Uiera : the contempt is 
 reciprocal. Addttvn. 
 
 Tlie tiue reason of this strange doctrine was to 
 be even with the magistrate, who was against 
 them i and they resolved at any rate to he against 
 him. ' Atterbury. 
 
 6. Calm; not subject to elevation or de- 
 
 pression ; not uncertaui. 
 
 647
 
 EVE 
 
 Desires compos'tJ, afTections ever cu'n, 
 Tears that delight, and sighs that waft to heav'n. 
 
 Pope. 
 9. Capable to be divided into equal parts ; 
 not odd. 
 
 Let him teli me whether tlic number of the stars 
 be even or odd. Tau^or's Rule of Living Holij. 
 
 What verity there is ni iliat numt-ral conceit In 
 the lateral division of nian by even and odd, ascrib- 
 ing the odd unto the right side, and even unto the 
 leu. Bnnvns Vulg. Err. 
 
 To Even. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To make even. 
 
 2 . To make out of debt ; to put in a state in 
 which either good or ill is fully repaid. 
 
 Nothing can, or shall content my soul, 
 *Tiil 1 am evened with hiui, wife for wife. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To level ; to make level. 
 
 This temple Xer.\es evened witli the soil, which 
 Alexanderis said to have repaired. Raleigh. 
 
 Beat, roll, and mow carpet-walks and Camo- 
 mile ; for now the ground is supple, and it will 
 even all inequalities. Evelyn. 
 
 To Even. v. n. To be equal to. Now dis- 
 used. 
 
 A like strange observation taketh place here as 
 at Stonehenge, that a redoubled numbering never 
 eveneth with the first. Carew,^ 
 
 R'VEN. adi\ [often contracted to ev*?!,] 
 
 1, A word of strong assertion; verily. 
 
 Even so did those Gauls possess the coasts. 6/)en5. 
 Thou wast a soldier 
 Even to Cato's wish ; not fierce, and terrible 
 Only in strokes. Shakesp. CorioL Act 1. Sc. IV. 
 
 Dang'rous rocks, 
 Which, touching but my gentle vessel's side. 
 Would scatter all the spices on the stream, 
 And, in av^ord, yea even now worth this. 
 And now worth nothing. SJiakef^). 
 
 It is not much that the ^ood man ventures; after 
 this life, if there be no Gud, he is as well as the 
 bad ; but if there be aGod, is infinitely better, even 
 Hs much as uusijeakable and eternal happiness is 
 better than e-ttrerae and endless misery. Fillotson. 
 
 Hemightefffias well have employed iiis time, as 
 some princes have done, in catcliing moles. Atterb. 
 
 2. Notwithstanding; though it was so that. 
 All 1 can say for those passages is, that I knew 
 
 they were bad enough to please eveyi when I wrote 
 them. Dryden. 
 
 a. Likewise ; not only so, but also. 
 
 The motions of all the lights of heaven might 
 afford mea5iures of time, if we could number them ; 
 but most of those motions are not evident, and the 
 great lights are sufficient, and serve also tit mea- 
 sure even the motions of those others. Holder. 
 
 Here all their rage, and ev'n their murmnrs cease. 
 And sacred silence reigns, and universal peace. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 4. So much as. 
 
 Books give the same turn to our thoughts that 
 company' does to our conversation, without load- 
 ing our memories, or making us even sensible of 
 the change. Sidft. 
 
 5. A word of exaggeration in which a se- 
 cret comparison is implied ; as, even the 
 great, that is, the great like the mean. 
 
 Nor death itself can wholly wash your stains. 
 But long contracted filth evn in the soul remains. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 I have made several discoveries which appear 
 new, even to those who are versed in critical 
 learning. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 6. A term of concession. 
 
 Since you refined the notion, and corrected the 
 malignity, I shall e'en let it pass. Collier. 
 
 Evenha'nded. adj, [eve?i and handJ] 
 Impartial; equitable. 
 
 Evenhanded justice 
 Returns the ingredients of our poison'd chalice 
 To our own lips. Shakes]). Macbeth. 
 
 Evening. n,s. [aepen. Sax. avendj Dut.] 
 
 EVE 
 
 The close of the day ; the beginning of 
 night. 
 
 1 shall fall 
 Like a bright exhalation in the evening, 
 And no man see me more. Shakesp. Henry \ III. 
 
 The devil is now more laborious than ever, the 
 long day of mankind drawing towards an evening, 
 ana the world's tragedy and time near at an end. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Mean time the sun descended from the skies, 
 And the bright evtning star began to rise. Dryden. 
 
 It was the sacred rule among the Pythagoreans, 
 that they should every evening thrice run over the 
 actions and aliairs of the day. JVatts on the Mind. 
 
 E'VENLY. adj. [from even.] 
 
 1. Equally; uniformly; in an equipoise. 
 
 In an infinite chaos nothing could be formed ; no 
 particles could convene by mutual attraction ; for 
 every one there must liave infinite matter around 
 it, and therefore must rest for ever, being evenly 
 balanced between infinite attractions. Bentley. 
 
 2. Levelly ; without asperities. 
 
 A palish clearness, evenly and smoothly spread ; 
 not overthin and washy, but of a pretty solid 
 consistence. h'otton. 
 
 3. Without inclination to either side ; in a 
 posture parallel to the horizon ; hori- 
 zontally. 
 
 The upper face of the sea is known to be level 
 by nature, and evenly distant from the centre, and 
 waxes deeper and deeper the farther one saileth 
 from the snore. Brerewood. 
 
 4. Impartially ; without favour or enmity. 
 You serve a great and gracious master, and there 
 
 is a most hopeful young prince : it behoves you to 
 carry yourself wisely and evenly between them 
 both. Bacon s Advice to Villiers. 
 
 E'VENNESS. U.S. [from even.] 
 
 1. State of being even. 
 
 2. Uniformity; regularity. 
 
 The ether most readily yieldeth to the revolu- 
 tions of the celeslial bod'ies, and the making them 
 with that evenness and celerity is requisite in them 
 all. Grew's Cosmologia Sacra. 
 
 3. Equality of surface; levelness. 
 
 4. Freedom from inclination to either side. 
 
 A crooked stick is not straitncd, unless it be 
 bent as far on the clear contrary side, tliat so it 
 may settle itself at the length in a middle state of 
 evenness between both. Hooker. 
 
 5. Impartiality ; equal respect. 
 
 G. Calmness; freedom from perturbation. 
 
 Though he appeared to relish these blessings as 
 
 much as any man, yet he bore the loss of them, 
 
 when it happened, with great composure and 
 
 evenness of mind. AUerbury. 
 
 E'vENSONG. n.s. [even and «on^.] 
 
 1 . The form of worship used in theevening. 
 
 Thee, 'chantress of the woods among, 
 I woo to hear thy evensmtf'. ^ Milton. 
 
 If a man wetebut of a day's life, it is well if he 
 last 'till evensong, and then says his compline an 
 hour before the time. Taylor. 
 
 2. The evening ; the close of the day. 
 He tun'd his notes both evcTisong and morn. Drud. 
 
 Eventi'de. n.s. [even and tide.] The 
 time of evening. 
 
 A swarm of gnats at eventide. 
 Out of the fens of Allan do arise. 
 Their murmuring small trumpets sounding wide. 
 
 Fairu Queen. 
 Isaac went out to meditate at the eventide. 
 
 Gen. xxiv. 63. 
 
 EVE'NT. n.s. [eventus, hat.] 
 
 1 . An incident ; any thing that happens, 
 good or bad. 
 
 There is one event to the righteous and to the 
 
 wicked. Eccl. 
 
 Oh heavy times, begetting sucli events ! Shakesp. 
 
 2. The consequence of an action; the 
 conclusion ; tlie upshot. 
 
 EVE 
 
 Two spears from Weleager's hand were sent, 
 With equal force but various in th' event ; 
 The first was fix'd in earth, the second stood 
 On the boar's bristled back, and deeply drank hit 
 blood. Dryden. 
 
 To Eve'nterate. v. a. [eventero, Lat.] 
 
 To rip up ; to open by ripping the belly. 
 
 In a bear, which the hunters eventei'ated , or 
 
 opened, I beheld the young ones, with all their 
 
 parts distinct. Brown. 
 
 Eventful, adj. [event and /«//.] Full of 
 incidents ; fuU of changes of fortune. 
 
 Last scene of all. 
 That ends this strange eventful history, 
 Is second childishness. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 To Eve'ntilate. V. a, [eventilo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To winnow ; to sift out. 
 
 2. To examine ; to discuss. Diet. 
 
 Eve'ntual. adj. [from f iien<.] Happen- 
 ing in consequence of any thing ; con- 
 sequential. 
 
 Eve'ntually. adv. [from eventual.] In 
 the event ; in the last result ; in the 
 consequence. 
 
 Hermione has but intentionally, not eventually, 
 disobliged you ; and hath made your flame a better 
 return, by restoring you your own heart. Boyte. 
 
 E'veR. adv. [aejrpe. Sax.] 
 
 1. At any time. 
 
 Men know by.this time, if ever they will know, 
 whether it be good or evil which hath been so long 
 retained. Hooker. 
 
 If thou hast that, which I have greater reason to 
 believe now than ever, I mean valour, this might 
 shew it. Shakesp. 
 
 You serve a master who is as free from the envy 
 of friends, as ever any king was. Bacon. 
 
 So few translations deserve praise, that I scarce 
 ei'er saw any which deserved pardon. Dcnham. 
 
 The most sensual man that ever was in the 
 world never felt so delicious a pleasure as a clear 
 conscience. Tillctson. 
 
 By repeating any idea of any length of time, as of 
 a minute, a year, or an age, as often as we will in 
 our owji thoughts, and adding them to one ano- 
 ther, without eitr comiiig to uie end of such ad- 
 dition, we come by the idea of eternity. Locke. 
 
 2. At all times ; always ; without end. 
 God hath had ei'er, and ever shall have, some 
 
 church visible upon the earth. Hooker. 
 
 I see things may serve long, but not serve ever. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 Riches endless is as poor as Winter, 
 To him that ever fears he shall be poor. Shakesp. 
 
 Blinded greatness, ever in turmoil. 
 Still seeking happy life, makes life a toil. Daniel. 
 
 There under ebon shades, and low-brow'd rocks. 
 In (lark Cimmerian desart ever dwell. Milton. 
 
 The inclinations of the people must ever have a 
 great influence. Temple. 
 
 He shall ever love, and always be 
 The subject of my scorn and cruelty. Dryden. 
 
 Mankind is ever the same, and nothing lost out 
 of iiature, though ever3' thing is altered. Dryden. 
 
 Ever since that time Lisander has been at the 
 house. Tatter. 
 
 Immortal Vida ! on whose honour'd brow 
 The poet's bays and critick's ivy grow, 
 Cremona now'shall ever boast thy name. 
 As next in place to RIantua, next in fame. Pope. 
 
 3. For ever. Eternally ; to perpetuity. 
 
 Men are like a company of poor insects, whereof 
 some are bees, delighted with flowers and their 
 sweetness ; others Beetles, delighted with other 
 kinds of viands ; which, having enjoyed for a 
 season, they cease to be, and exist no more /or 
 ever J-A}CfCCf 
 
 We'll to the temple : there you'll find your son ; 
 And there be crown'd, or give him up /o? ever. 
 
 A.Phillipi. 
 
 4. It is sometimes reduplicated. 
 
 For ever md for ever, farewell, Cassius. 
 
 648
 
 EVE 
 
 I know a lord, who values no lease, though for 
 a thousand jcais, imr any estate that is not /jirarr 
 and ner. Tempk. 
 
 The meeting poiiits the fatal lock dissever 
 From the fair TiOHd./ir cirr and/or et?r. Piype. 
 
 5. At otie lime, as eiir and anon : that is, 
 at one time and aiiotlier ; now and then. 
 
 So long as Guyoii witii lier cuniinuned, 
 Unto the grounil she cast her modest eye ; 
 
 And €it:r and anon, with rosy red. 
 The bashful blood her snowy cheeks did dye. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Tlie fat one s would he ever and anon making 
 sport with the lean, and calling them starvelings. 
 
 VEstrangc. 
 lie lay itretch'd along, 
 -■Vnil ever and unon a silent tear 
 Stole down and trickled from his hoary beard. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 6. In any defrree. 
 
 Let no man fear that harmful creature eier the 
 less, because he sees the apostle safe from that 
 
 poison. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 For a mine undiscovered, neither the owner of the 
 ground or any body else arc ever the richer. Collier. 
 
 It suffices to the unity of any idea, that it be 
 considered as one representation or jjicture, though 
 made up of erer so many particulars. Locke. 
 
 There must be somewhere such a rank as man : 
 And all the question, wrangle e'er so long. 
 Is only this, If God has plac'd him wrong ? Pope. 
 
 7. A word of enforcement, or aggravation. 
 As soon as ever he had done it ; that is, 
 immediately after he had done it. In 
 this sense it is scarcely used but in fami- 
 liar language. 
 
 Tliat fitT this fellow should have fewer words 
 than a parrot, and yet the son of a woman. Shak. 
 
 They brake all their bones in pieces, or ever they 
 came at the bottom of the den. Dan. iv. 24. 
 
 That purse in your hand has a twin-brother, as 
 like hijn as eicr he can look. Dryd. Spanish Fry. 
 
 As soon as e'er the bird is dead. 
 Opening again, lie lays his claim 
 To half the profit, half the fame. Prior. 
 
 The title of duke had been sunk In the family 
 ever since the attainder of the great Duke of Suf- 
 folk. Addison on Italij. 
 
 8. Ever a. Any: [asevn-i/, that is, evep 
 ich or ever each is each one, all.] This 
 word is still retained in the Scottish 
 dialect. 
 
 I am old, I am old. 
 —I love thee better than I love e'er a scurvy young 
 boy of them all. Shakesp. Henry IV . 
 
 9. It is often contracted into e'er. 
 
 10. It is much used in composition in the 
 sense of always: as, evrrgrten, green 
 throughout the ear ; (ici during, endur- 
 ing without end. It is added almost 
 arbitrarily to neutral ])articiples and ad- 
 jectives, and will be sufficiently explained 
 by the following instances. 
 
 Everbu'bbling. adj. [ever and bub- 
 ■ bling.'] Boiling up with perpetual 
 murmurs. 
 
 Pa nling murmurs, still'd out of her breast. 
 That everbubbling spring. Crashaiv. 
 
 Everbu'rning. adj. [ever and burning.'l 
 ' Unextinguished. 
 
 His tail was stretched out in wond'rous length, 
 Tliat to (he house of heavenly gods it raught ; 
 
 And wiihextorted power and borrow 'd strength. 
 The everburning lamps from thence it brought. 
 
 ipeuser. 
 Torture without end 
 Still virges, and a fiery deluge, fed 
 With everburning sulphur unconsunt'd ! i\Ji/(*m. 
 Everdl'ring. adj. [ever and during.] 
 Eternal ; enduring without end. 
 
 Our souls, piercing through the impurity of 
 flesh, behuld the highest heavens, and thence 
 
 Vol.. I. 
 
 E V E 
 
 bpng know'.edge to contera|ilale llic er^during 
 glory and termless joy. Haleigk. 
 
 Heav'ii open'd wide 
 Her everduring gates, harmonious sound ! 
 On golden liinges movinp. MiUim's Par. Lost. 
 
 EvergRe'kn. adj. [ever and grein.] 
 Verdant throughout the year, 
 
 'llicre will 1 build liini 
 A monument, and |)lant it round with shade 
 Of laurel, evergreen, and brm cliiii|: paliu. MUton. 
 'J'he juice, when in greater plenty than can be 
 exhaled by the sun, renders the plant cia-prcen. 
 
 ArOuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 E'VERGRKEN. n. 5. A plant that retains 
 its verdure through all the seasons. 
 
 Some of the liardiest cver^eeiis may be trans- 
 planted, especially if the weather be moist and tem- 
 perate. Ecclun. 
 
 I find you are against filling an English garden 
 witli eierfrrcens. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Everho'nolred. adj. [cvir ;uid ho- 
 noured.] Always held in honour or 
 esteem. 
 
 IMentes, an cverhonour'd name, uf old 
 High ill Ulysses social list enroli'd. Pope's Odxjs^cu. 
 
 Everla'sting. adj. [en r and last in f^.] 
 
 1 . Lasting or enduring without end ; per- 
 petual ; immortal ; eternal. 
 
 Whether wc shall meet acain. I know not ; 
 Therefore our everlasting farewell take : 
 For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius. Shakesp. 
 
 The everlasting life, both of body and soul, in 
 that future state, whether in bliss or woe, hath 
 been added. Hammond. 
 
 And what a trifle is a moment's breath, 
 Laid in the scale with evertusting death ! Denham. 
 
 2. It is used of past as well as future eter- 
 nity, though not so properly. 
 
 Everl'asting. n. s. Eternity; eternal 
 duration whether past or future. 
 From everlasting to everiasting thou art God. 
 
 Psalm xc. 2. 
 
 We are m God through the knowledge w hich is 
 
 had of us, and the love which is bcru towards us, 
 
 from everlasting. Hooker. 
 
 Everla'stingly. adv. [from everlast- 
 ing.] Eternally ; without end. 
 
 I'll hate him everlastingly. 
 That bids me be of comfort any more. Shakesp. 
 Many have made themselves aerlastinglu ridi- 
 culous. ' SuiJ't. 
 
 Everla'stingness. n. s. [from everlast- 
 ing.] Eternity; perpetuity; an indefi- 
 nite duration. 
 
 Nothing could make me sooner to confess. 
 That this world had an evcrlastingness, 
 Than to consider tliat a year is run 
 Since both this lower world's and the sun's sun, 
 Did set. Donne. 
 
 EvERLi'viNG. adj. [tviT and living.] 
 Living without end ; immortal ; eter- 
 nal ; incessant. 
 
 Is not from hence the way, that leadeth right 
 To that most glorious house, that glist'reth bright 
 W ilh burning stars and everltvmg fires ? FairxiQnccn. 
 
 In that he is man, he received light from the 
 Father, as from the fountain of that eierliring 
 Deity. Hooker. 
 
 God's justice in tlie one, and his goodness in the 
 other, is exerci-ed fur evermore, as the everliving 
 subjects of his reward and punishment. Raleigh. 
 
 The instinct of brutes and insects can be the ef- 
 fect of nothing else than the wisdom and skill of 
 a powerful eterliving agent. Kewton. 
 
 Evermo're. adv. [iirr and more.] Al- 
 ways ; eternally. JMore seems an ex- 
 pletive accidentally added, unless ii 
 signified originally J'rom this time: as, 
 evermore^ always, henceforward; hut 
 this sense has not been strictly pre- 
 served. 
 
 EVE 
 
 It goTcm'd was, and guided ertrmore, 
 'llirough wisdom of a matron grave and hoare. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Sparks by nature txermare aspire, 
 Whicli makes tlicm now- to such a highness flee. 
 
 Daiics. 
 
 Religion prefers those pleasures which flow from 
 
 the presence of God for eiermore, infioitely t/cfore 
 
 the transitory pleasures of this world. TitUftttm. 
 
 Evero'pen. adj. [everaud open.] Never 
 closed ; not at any time shut. 
 
 God is liiegreat eyccf the world, always watch- 
 ing over our actions, and has an cieropen ear to all 
 our words. TayUrr. 
 
 Everple'asing. adj. [erer and pleasing.] 
 Delighting at all times ; never c«;asing 
 to give pleasure. 
 
 The eva^tletising Pamela was content to urge a 
 little farther for me. Sidncv. 
 
 Forsaking Sheria's tiervleasing shore. 
 The winds to Marathon the virgin bore. Pcfft. 
 
 To EvE'RSE. r. a. [cversus, Lat.] To 
 overthrow ; to subvert ; to destroy. Not 
 used. 
 
 The foundation of this principle is totally everseti 
 by the ingenious commentator upon iinmaterial 
 beings. Olanvilte. 
 
 To Evert, v. a. [enrto, Lat.] To de- 
 stroy ; to overthrow. 
 
 A jirocess is valid, if the jurisdiction of the 
 judge is not ^et everted and overthrown. Aylife. 
 
 Everwa'tchful. adj. [a-fr and li-a/r/t- 
 
 ful.] Always vigilant. 
 
 Plac'd at the helm he sat, and niark'd llie skies 
 Nor clos'd in sleep his ev<Tv:atchful cyti. Pope[ 
 
 Every, adj. [In old language everich, 
 that is, ever each; a?pefi ealc, Sax.] 
 
 1. Eacli one of all. Invert/ has therefore 
 no plural signification. 
 
 He proposeth unto God their necessities, and 
 tliey their own requests for relief in cieru of them. 
 
 Honker. 
 
 All the congregation are holy, ctJery one of them. 
 
 Numb, xvi. 
 
 The king made tins ordanancc, thatftory twehe 
 years there should be set forth two ships. Hacon. 
 
 The virtue and force of .Teru of these three is 
 shrewdly allayed. Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 Aristotle has long since observed, how unreason- 
 able it is to expect the same kind of proof for frrry 
 tiling, which wt* have for some things. Tiliotson. 
 
 Every one, thai has an idea of a foci, finds that 
 he can repeat that idea, and, joining it lo the 
 former, make the idea of two fett. Locke. 
 
 From jiole to pole the thunder roars aloud, 
 And broken lightnings thisK t'roni ev'rij cloud. 
 
 P.r^. 
 
 2. Every-vvhere. In all places; in 
 each place. 
 
 The substance of tlie body of Christ was not 
 everti-where seen, nor did it eicru-tchere sutler 
 death ; every-uhere h could not be entombed : it 
 is not every-'ti-here now, being exalted into heaven. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 If I send my son abroad, how is it possible to 
 keep him from vice, which is exery-uhere so in 
 fashion ? Loch:. 
 
 'Tis no-wheretubc found, or eirry-uftfrf. Piipe 
 
 E'veryovng. adj. [evtr andt young.] 
 Not subject to old age or decaying ; un- 
 decnying. 
 
 Joys ererifoung, unmii'd with pain or fear. 
 Fill the wide circle of th" eternal year. Pope's Ody. 
 
 E vesdropper. n. s. [ews and dropper.] 
 Some mean fellow that skulks about a 
 house in the night to listen. 
 
 What m-ikes you listen there? Get farther off; 
 1 preach not to thee, thou wicked etexdropver. 
 
 J^dtn's SpauiOi Fryar. 
 
 Do but think how becoming your function it is 
 
 to be disguised like a slave, "and an evesdropper, 
 
 under the women's windows. Dryd, DonSebast, 
 
 4 O 
 
 649
 
 E V I 
 
 To Eve'stigate. r. a. [evestigo, Lat.] 
 To search out. Diet. 
 
 EuGH. n. 5. [This word is so written by 
 most writers ; but since the original ip, 
 Sdxon, or Welsh yewriy more favours the 
 easier orthography o^ i/ew, 1 have refer- 
 red it thither.] A tree. 
 
 At the first stretcli of both his hands he drew, 
 And almost joined the horns of the tough eu^h. 
 
 Ihiidais JLneid. 
 
 To EN'l'CT. t'. ff. [evinco, Lat.J 
 
 1 . To dispossess of by a judicial course. 
 
 The l:iw of England would speedily evict them 
 
 out of their possession, and therefore they held it 
 
 the hest policy to cast off the yoke of English law. 
 
 Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 2. To take away by a sentence of law. 
 
 His lands were evicted frum him. K. James. 
 
 3. To prove ; to evince. Little used. 
 
 This nervi'us fluid has never been discovered in 
 live animals by tlie senses, however assisted ; nor its 
 necessity evicted by any cogent experiment. C/iej/«e. 
 Evi'cTiON. U.S. [from evict.'] 
 
 1. Dispossession or deprivation by a defi- 
 nitive sentence of a court of judicature. 
 
 If any of the parlies be laid asleep under |>retence 
 of arbitVeinent, and the other party dotli cautiously 
 get the start at common law, ^et the pretorian 
 court will set back all things, and no respect had 
 to eviction or dispossession. Bacon. 
 
 2. Proof; evidence; certain testimony. 
 
 A plurality of voices carries the question, in all 
 our debates, but rather as an expedient for peace 
 than an eviction of the rif^ht. L'Estran^e. 
 
 EVIDENCE, w.s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. The state of being evident ; clearness ; 
 indubitable certainty ; notoriety. 
 
 2. Testimony ; proof. 
 
 1 had delivered the evidence of the purchase un- 
 to Baruch, Jer. 
 
 Unreasonable it is to expect the same kind of 
 proof and evidence for every thing, which we have 
 for some things. Tiitotson. 
 
 Cato major, who had borne all the great offices, 
 has left us an evidence, under his own liand, how 
 much he was versed in country affairs. Locke. 
 
 They bear evidence to a history in defence of 
 Christianity, the truth of which history was their 
 motive to embrace Christianity. Addison. 
 
 3. Witness; one that gives evidence. In 
 this sense it is sometimes plural; as, the 
 evidence were sivorn: but sometimes re- 
 gularly augmented, as evidences. 
 
 To swear he saw three inches through a door. 
 As Asialick evidences swtjre. Drydens Juvenal. 
 
 There are books extant, which they must needs 
 allow of as proper ei'idence ; even the mighty vo- 
 lumes of visible nature, and the everlasting tables 
 of right reason. oentley. 
 
 To E'viDENCE. r, a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To prove ; to evince. 
 
 The horses must be evidenced by good testimo- 
 nies to have been bred in Ireland. Temple. 
 
 If they be principles evident of themselves, they 
 need nothing to evidence them. Tillotson. 
 
 These things the Christian religion require, as 
 might be evidenced from taxes. Tillotson. 
 
 2, To shew ; to make discovery of. 
 
 Thou on earth had'st prusper'd, which thy looks 
 Now also evidence. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Although the same truths be elicited and ex- 
 plicated by the contemplation of animals, 3'et they 
 h,re more clearly evidenced in the contemplatinn of 
 man. Hale^s Origin of Mankind. 
 
 E'viDENT. adj, [Fr.] Plain; apparent; 
 notorious. 
 
 It is evident, in the general frame of nature, that 
 things most manifest unto sense have proved ob- 
 srure unto the understanding. Brown's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 They are incapable of making conquests upon 
 
 E V I 
 
 their neighbours, which is evident to all that know 
 
 their cunstilutions. Temple. 
 
 Childrt'ii minded not what was said, when it 
 
 was evident to iheni that no attention was sutficienl. 
 
 Locke. 
 EVIDENTLY, adv. [from evident.] Appa- 
 rently ; certaiiilv ; iiiideniably. 
 
 LaviniJ tlieir eggs, they evidetitttj prove 
 1 he uenial pow'r and full effects of love. Prior. 
 'I'lic printing private letters is the worst sort of 
 hetraving cunversalioii, as it evidentlii has the most 
 extensive ill consfuviences. Pope. 
 
 E'VIL. adj. [yyi\, Sax. tinrl, Dut.] 
 I. Having bad qualities of any kind; not 
 good. 
 He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. 
 
 Dent. 
 
 An evil disease cleaveih fast unto him ; and now 
 
 that he lielh, he shall rise up no mure. Psalms. 
 
 The good fig's very good, and the evil very evil, 
 
 that cannot be eaten they are so evil. Jeremiah. 
 
 That hour he cured many of evil spirits. Luke. 
 
 •2. Wicked ; bad ; corrupt. 
 
 Is thine eye evil, because 1 am good ? Matth. 
 'J'he imagination of man's heart is evil from his 
 ynutii. Gen. 
 
 •i. Unhappy ; miserable ; calamitous. 
 
 And the olKcers did see that they were in evil 
 
 case. Exadas. 
 
 All the days of the afflicted are evil. Proverbs. 
 
 4. Mischievous ; destructive ; ravenous. 
 
 It is my son's coat ; an evil beast hath devoured 
 
 him. Gen. 
 
 E'viL. 71. s. [generally contracted to ill.] 
 
 1. Wickedness; a crime. 
 
 Not in the legions 
 Of horrid heil can come a devil more damii'd 
 In evils to top ;Macbeth I Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. Injury; mischief. 
 
 ^Vhoso rewardeth evil for good, evil shall not de- 
 part from his house. Proverbs. 
 
 Let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my 
 Lord, be as Nabal. Samuel. 
 
 3. Malignity ; corruption. 
 
 The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Ecc/es. 
 
 4. Misfortune; calamity. 
 
 Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and 
 shall we not receive evil? Job. 
 
 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth 
 himself. Prov. 
 
 If we will stand boggling at imaginary evils, let 
 us never blame a horse for starting at a shadow. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 Evil is what is apt to produce or increase any 
 j'ain, or diminish any pleasure in us; or else to pro- 
 cure us any evil, or deprive us of any good. Locke. 
 
 5. Malady ; disease : as, the king's evil. 
 What's the disease he means? 
 
 — 'Tis call'd the evil. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 E'viL. adv. [commonly contracted to ill.] 
 
 1 . Not well ill whatever respect. 
 
 Ah, froward Clarence, evil it beseems thee, 
 To flatter Henry, and forsake thy brother ! Shak. 
 
 2. Not well ; not virtuously ; not inno- 
 cently. 
 
 If 1 have spoken evil, hear witness of the cii( ; 
 but if well, wny smitest thou me ? John, xviii. SiS. 
 
 3. Not well ; not happily ; not fortunately. 
 It went evil with his house. Deut. vii. ;>3. 
 
 4. Injuriously ; not kindly. 
 
 The Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us. 
 
 Deut. 
 
 5. It is often used in composition fo give 
 a bad meaning to a word ; but in this, as 
 in all other cases, it is in the modern 
 dialect generally contracted to ill. 
 
 Evilaffe'cted. adj. [evil and affected.] 
 Not kind ; not disposed to kindness. 
 
 The unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles, 
 and made their mnids evilaffected against the ore- 
 thren. Acts. 
 
 E V I 
 
 Evildo'er. n. s. [evil and rfof »•.] Male- 
 factor ; one that commits crimes. 
 
 W hereas they speak evil againstyouaseriWoerj, 
 they nniy by your good works glorify God. Peter. 
 EviLFAVOURED. adj. [evil and favour.] 
 Ill countenanced; having no good as- 
 pect. 
 
 Machiavel well noteth, though in an eviljavottred 
 instance, there is no trusting to the force of nature, 
 except it be corroborated by custom. Bflctm's Essays, 
 Evilfa'volredness. n. s. [from evil- 
 favoured ] Deformity. 
 
 Thou shall not sacrifice unto ilie Lord any bul- 
 lock, or sheep, wherein is blemish, or any evilfo. 
 vouredniss. Deut. 
 
 E'villy. adv. [from fr(7.] Not well. 
 This act, so evilli] born, shall cool the hearts 
 Of all his people, and freeze uj) their zeal. Shakesp, 
 Evilmi'nded. adj. [^nVand mind.] Ma- 
 licious ; mischievous ; malignant ; wick- 
 ed ; insidious. 
 
 But most she fear'd, that travelling so late. 
 Some evilminded beasts might lie in wait. 
 And, without witness, wreak their hidden hate. 
 
 Oryden, 
 E'vilness. n.s. [from evil.] Contrariety 
 to goodness ; badness of whatever kind. 
 I'he moral goodness and congruity, or evilness, 
 unfitness, and unseasonableness of moral or natu- 
 ral actions, falls not within the verge of a brutal 
 faculty. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Evilspe'aking. n.s. [evil and speaking.] 
 Slander ; defamation ; calumny ; cen- 
 soriousness. 
 
 Wherefore laying aside all malice and all guile, 
 and hypocrisies and envies, and all evilspeakings. 
 
 Peter. 
 Evilwi'shing. adj. [ei'iVand ivish.] Wish- 
 ing evil to ; having no good wilL 
 
 "Thev heard of this sudden going out, in a coun- 
 try full of evilwishing minds towards him. Sidney. 
 
 Evilwo'rker. n.s. [evil and work.] One 
 who does wickedness. 
 Beware of dogs, beware of eviluorkers. Phil, 
 
 To EVINCE. V. a. [evinco, Lat.] To 
 prove ; to shew ; to manifest ; to make 
 evident. 
 
 Doubt not but that sin 
 Will reign among them as of thee begot ; 
 And therefore was law given them, to evince 
 Their natural pravity. Mdtons Parad. Lost. 
 
 That religion, teaching a future state of souls, is 
 a probability ; and that its contrary cannot, witl» 
 equal probability, be proved, we have evinced. 
 
 South, 
 
 The greater absurdities are, the more strongly 
 they evince the falsity of that supposition from 
 whence they flow. Atterbnry. 
 
 Evi'nciele. adj. [from evince.] Capable 
 of proof; demonstrable. 
 
 Implanted instincts in brutes are in themselves 
 highly reasonable and useful to their ends, and 
 evincible by true reason to be such. Hale. 
 
 Evi'ncibL'Y. adv. [from evincible.] In 
 such a manner as to force conviction. 
 
 To E'virate. v, a. [eviratus, Lat.] To 
 deprive of manhood ; to emasculate. 
 
 To Evi'scerate. v. a. [eviscero, Lat.] 
 To embowel ; to draw ; to depr ive of 
 the entrails ; to search within the en- 
 trails. 
 
 E'vitable. adj. [evitabilis, Lat.] .'^ void- 
 able ; that may be escaped or shunned. 
 Of divers things evil, all being not evitabte, we 
 take one ; wliich one, saving only in case of so 
 great urgency, were not otherwise to be taken. 
 
 H.A)ker. 
 
 650
 
 E V O 
 
 ToETITATE. v. a. [tvi(o, Lat] To 
 avoid ; to shun ; to escape. 
 
 'I'iiereiii she dolh evitate and shun 
 A thousand irreligious cursed hours, 
 Which forced marriage would have hrought upon 
 
 her. Shake^p. 
 
 Evita'tion. n. s, [from evitate,] The 
 act of avoiding. 
 
 In all bodies there is an appetite of union, and 
 cvitathm of sulution of continuity. Bacon. 
 
 EviTERNAL. adj. [tevittrnusj Lat.] Eter- 
 nal in a limited sense ; of duration not 
 infinitely but indefinitely long. 
 
 EviTERNiTY. n. s. [mvifernitas, low 
 Lat.] Duration not infinitely, but inde- 
 finitely long, 
 
 Eu'logy. n. j. [Iv and Xoy^.] Praise; 
 encomium ; panegyrick. 
 
 Alanv brave young minds have oftentimes, 
 throusli hearing the praises and famous eulogieA of 
 worthy men, been stirred up to affect the like 
 commendations. Spenser tm Ireland. 
 
 If some men's appetites find more melody in dis- 
 cord, than in the harmony of the angelic quires ; 
 yet even these seldom miss to be affected with eulo- 
 gies eiven themselves. Decay trf' Fiettj. 
 
 E'UNUCH. n. s. [Iv^ux^-] One that is 
 castrated or emasculated. 
 
 He iiath gelded the conmion wealth, and made 
 it an eunuch. Sbahesp. Heiiry VI. 
 
 Jt halh been observed by ttie ancients, that much 
 of Venus dolh dim the sight; and yet eunuchs, 
 which are unable to f;eneratc, are nevertheless 
 also dirasighleH. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 So chann'd vou were, you ceas'd awhjie to doat 
 On nonsense gurgl'd in an tunuch's throat. Ftntun. 
 
 To Eunuch ATE. v. a. To make an eunuch. 
 
 It were an impossible act to eunuchate or cas- 
 trate themselves. Brou-ns Vulgar Err. 
 
 Evocation, n. s. [evocatio, Lat.] The 
 act of calling out. 
 
 Would truth dispense, we could be content witli 
 Plato, that knowled[:e were but remembrance, that 
 intellectual acquisition were but remijiiscential 
 etx}Catifm. Broun. 
 
 Instead of a descent into hell, it seems rather a 
 
 conjuring up, or an eivcation of the dead from 
 
 hell. Notes to Odusseu. 
 
 Evola'tion. n. s. [evoio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of flying away. 
 To EVOLVE. V. fl. [evolvo, Lat.] To 
 unfold ; to disentangle. 
 
 The animal soul sooner expands and etWiW itself 
 toitsfullorbandcxtentthan the human soul. Hale. 
 
 Tbislittleactiveprinciple, as the body increase! h 
 and dibteth, eiWi'rt/t, diffuseth, and expandelh, if 
 not his substantial existence, yet his energy. Hale. 
 
 To Evolve, r, a. To open itself; to 
 disclose itself. 
 
 Ambrosial odours 
 Does round tlie an evolving scents diffuse ; 
 The holy ground is wet wiih heav'nly dews, f nor. 
 Evolu'tion. 71. s. [evolutus, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of unrolling or unfolding. 
 
 The spontaneous coagulation of the little saline 
 bodies was preceded by almost innumerable evolu- 
 tums, wliich were so various, that the little bodifs 
 came to obvert to each other those parts by which 
 they might be best fastened together. Boyle. 
 
 2. The series of things unrolled or un- 
 folded. 
 
 The whole ewlution of ages, from everlasting to 
 everlasting, is so collectedly and presenlidcalty re- 
 presented to God at once, as if all things which 
 ever were, are, or shall be, were at tliis very in- 
 stant really present. Move's Divine Ditilo'gues. 
 
 3. [In geometry.] The equable tro/utiofi 
 of the peripliery of a circle, or anv other 
 curve, is such a gradual approach of tlie 
 circumference to rectitude, as that all its 
 parts do meet together, and equally 
 
 E W E 
 
 evolve or unbend ; so that the same line 
 becomes successively a less arch of a re- 
 ciprocally greater circle, 'nil at last they 
 turn into a straight line. Han-is. 
 
 4. [In tacticks.] The motion made by a 
 body of men in changing their posture, 
 or form of drawing up. .A nd these fvo- 
 lutious are doubling of ranks or files, 
 counter-marches, and wheelings. Harris. 
 
 b. Evolution of Poirns. [Inalgel)ra.] Ex- 
 tracting of roots from any gi\en power, 
 being the reverse of involution. Harris. 
 
 EvoMiTiON. n. s. levomo, Lat.] The 
 act of vomiting out. Did. 
 
 Eu'PATORY. n. s. [eiipatoriuiii.l A plant. 
 
 Eupho'nical. ailj. [from tuphony.] 
 Sounding agreeably. Diet. 
 
 EUPHONY, rz.*. [ii/ipiuria.] .An agreeable 
 sound ; the contrary to harshness. 
 
 Eupho'rbium n.s. 
 
 1. A plant. 
 
 It liath flowers and fruU like the spurge, and is 
 also full of an hot sharp milky juice. 'J he plants 
 are anpular, and shaped suniev\hat like the cereiii 
 or lurch-thistle, ll is ctimiiioidv beset with spine*, 
 and for the ntost part hath no" leaves. Miller. 
 
 2. A gum resin, brought to us always in 
 drops or grain*, of a bright yellow, be- 
 tween a straw and a gold colour, and a 
 smooth glossy surface. It has no great 
 smell, but its taste is violently acrid and 
 nauseous. It is used medicinally in si- 
 napisms. Hi/l. 
 
 Eu'pHRASY. n.s. [lup/irasia, Lat] The 
 herb eyebright ; a plant supposed to 
 clear the sight. 
 
 Then purg'd with euphrasti, and rue. 
 The visual nerve ; for lie had much to see ; 
 And from the well of life three drops instill'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 EURO'CLYDON. 71. S. [lU^OKXtlJi*.] A wind 
 which blows between the East and North, 
 and is very dangerous in the mediterra- 
 nean. It is of the nature of a whirlwind, 
 which falls suddenly on ships, makes them 
 tack about, and sometimes causes tiiem 
 to founder, as Pliny observes. Calmit. 
 There arose against it a tempestuous wind called 
 eunvlvdon. Acts, xxvii. 11. 
 
 EURUS. n. s. [Lat.] The East wind. 
 
 flxirrts, as ail other winds, must he drawn wiih 
 
 blown cheeks, wings upon bis shoulders, and bis 
 
 body the colour of the lawny moon. Penchant. 
 
 E'URYTHMY. n. s. [if^vSft®-.] Harmony ; 
 
 regular and symmetrical measure. 
 EUTHANASIA. 1 n. s. [k5ci.a<r'>a.] 
 ElJTHANA'sY. \ An easy death. 
 
 A recovery, in ray case, and at my ase, is im- 
 possible ; the kindest wish of my friends is eutha- 
 nasia. Arbuthnct. 
 
 Ev i' LSiot!. n. s. [evulsio, Lat.] The act 
 of plucking out. 
 
 From a strict onnuiry we cannot niainlain the 
 evulsion, or biting otf any parts. BrouiiV T'uig. iTrr. 
 
 Evulga'tion. n. s^[evuls:o, Lat.] The 
 act of divulging ; publication. Did. 
 Ewe. n. s. [eope. Sax.] 1 he she-sheep ; 
 the female to the ram. 
 Rams have mttre wreathed horns tlianeit'es.Bac. 
 Haste the sacrifice ; 
 Sev'n bullocks yd unyok'd for Phcebus chuse ; 
 And for Diana seven unspoiled cuts. Drviini's Kn. 
 E'W ER. n. s. [from lau, perhaps anciently 
 
 E X A 
 
 eu water.] A vessel in wliich water is 
 brought for washing the hands. 
 
 I dreamt of a silver bason and etrer to- night. SAalc. 
 
 I-<-t one attend him with a silver bason 
 Full of rosewuler, and bestrew'd with flowers; 
 Anotlicr bear the etcrr ; a third a diaper ; 
 And say, Wil't please your lordship cool \oar 
 bands. Shaitesp. 
 
 Tlie gulden ever a maid obsequious briiifcjt 
 Replenish'd from the cool, translucent springs ; 
 With copious water the bright va^e supplies 
 A silver laver, of capacious size: 
 They wash. Pope's Odiiurv. 
 
 E'wR Y 71. s. [from etcer.] An office in the 
 king's household, where they take care 
 of the linen for the king's table, lay the 
 cloth, and serve up water in silver ewira 
 after dinner. Did. 
 
 Ex. A Latin preposition often prefixed tn 
 compounded words: sometiines meaning 
 out, as e.thaust, to draw out ; sometimes 
 only enforcing the meaning, and some- 
 times producing little alteration. 
 
 To EXACERBATE v. a. [tsactrbo, Ut.] 
 To imbitter ; to exasperate ; to heighten 
 any malignant quality. 
 
 Exacerbation, n. s. [from exacerbott.] 
 
 1. Encrease of malignity; augmented 
 force or severity. 
 
 '2. Height of a disease; paroxysm. 
 
 The patient may strive, by little and little, to 
 
 overcome the symptom in eiacerbtUion ; and so, bv 
 
 time, turn sulTering into nature. Bacon's Nut. Hist. 
 
 Watchfulness and delirium, and eiacerbatiua . 
 
 every other day. Arbuthnat on Diet. 
 
 ExACERVATioN. n. s. [aceivus, I^t.] 
 The act of heaping up. Did. 
 
 EXACT, adj. [e. tact us, Lat.] 
 
 1. Nice; not failing; not deviating from 
 rule. 
 
 AU this, eiaet to rule, were brought about. 
 Were but a combat in ihe lists left out. Po;e. 
 
 2. Methodical; not negligently performed. 
 
 What if you and I enquire bow money matters 
 stand between us ? — With all my heart, I love rs'ic; 
 dealing ; and let Hocus audit. Arbuth. John Bui. 
 
 3. Careful ; not negligent : of persons. 
 Many gentlemen turn out of the seats of their 
 
 ancestors, to make way for such new masters as 
 have been more eiact in their accounts than them- 
 selves. Sfvctator. 
 
 4. Honest; strict; punctual. 
 
 la my doings 1 was exact. Etclts. li. 1?. 
 
 To Exact, i-. a. [i.iis:o, exadus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To require authoritatively. 
 
 Thou now exact St the penalty, 
 Which is a pound of this poor merchant's flesh. 
 
 Of a foreigner thou mayest exact il again ; but 
 that which is thine with thy brother, thine hand 
 sh.ill release. " Deut. 
 
 Exact of servants to be faithful and diligent. 
 
 TaytcT. 
 From us his foes pronounc'd glory he exacts.' 
 
 MUtm. 
 The hand of fate is over us, and Heaven 
 Piacts severity from all our thoughts. .4Wduon. 
 
 2. To demand of right. 
 
 Years of service past. 
 
 From grateful souls exact reward at last Dryden. 
 
 Where they design a recompence for benefits 
 
 received, they are less solicitous to make it **hen 
 
 it is exacted. Smahidgc. 
 
 3. To summon ; to enjoin ; to enforce. 
 
 Let us descend now therefore fn)m this top 
 Of speculation ; for the hour precise 
 Exacts our parting licnce. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Uuiy. 
 And justice to my father's soul, exact 
 This "cru< 1 piety. Denham's Scphv. 
 
 b'51
 
 E X ^ 
 
 To Exa'ct. r. n. To practise extortion. 
 
 The (Mieniv shall not exact upon liini. 
 
 Psalm Ixxx. ?2. 
 Exa'cteR. n. s. [from exact.] 
 
 1. Extortioner; one who claims more than 
 his due, or claims his due with outrage 
 and severity. 
 
 The poller and eiacter of fees justifies the com- 
 mon resemblance of the courts of Justice to the 
 bush, whereunto while the sheep flies for defence 
 in weather, he is sure to lose part of the fleece. 
 
 Bacon s Essays. 
 
 1 will also make thy officers peace, and thine 
 exacters righteousness. Isaiah, Ix. 17. 
 
 2. He that demands by authority. 
 
 Li^ht and lewd persons, especially that the 
 ejacUT of the oath did neither use exhortation, 
 nor examining of them fur taking thereof, were 
 easily suborned to make an affidavit for money. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 3. One who is severe in his injunctions or 
 his demands. 
 
 No men are prone to be greater tyrants, and 
 more riiiorous eiacteis upon others, than sucli 
 wliose pride was formcrl^v least disposed to the 
 obedience of lawful constitutions. King Charles. 
 
 The grateful person being still the most severe 
 eiacter of himself, not only confesses, but proclaims 
 his debts. ' South. 
 
 There is no way to deal with this man of reason, 
 this rigid esacter of strict demonstration for things 
 which are not capable of it. Tillotsoti. 
 
 Exaction. ?i, s. [from exact.] 
 
 1. The act of making an authoritative de- 
 mand, or ]e\^ing by force. 
 
 If he should break this day, what should 1 gain 
 By tlie eraction of the forfeiture ? Shakesp. 
 
 2. Extortion ; unjust demand. 
 
 Thev vent reproaches 
 Most bitterly on you, for putter-on 
 Of these eiactions. Shnhesp. Henry V HI. 
 
 Remove violence and spoil, and execute judg- 
 ment and justice; take away your exactions from 
 ray people. Ezek. xlv. 9. 
 
 'As the first earl did first raise the greatness of 
 that house, by Irish eiactiojis and oppressions; so 
 Girald the last earl did at last ruin it by the like 
 extortions. Daiies's State of Ireland, 
 
 J). A tribute severely levied. 
 
 They have not made bridges over the river for 
 the convenience of their subjects as well as 
 strangers, who pay an unreasonable exaction at 
 every ferry upon tfie least using of the waters. 
 
 Addison on Italy, 
 
 Exa'ctly. adv. [from exact.] Accurate- 
 ly ; nicely ; thoroughly. 
 
 Both of 'em knew mankind exactly well ; for 
 both of 'em began that study in themselves. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 The religion they profess is such, that the more 
 
 exactly it is sifted by pure unbiassed reason, the 
 
 more reasonable still it will be found. Atterbury. 
 
 Exa'ctness. w. s, [from exact.] 
 
 1. .Accuracy; nicety; strict conformity to 
 rule or symmetry. 
 
 The experiments are all made with the utmost 
 exactness and circumspection. M'oodward on Fossils. 
 
 In wit, as nature, what affects our hearts 
 Is not tir eiact7i€ss of peculiar parts ; 
 'Pis not a lip, or eye, we beauty call, 
 Bvit the joint force" and full residt of ali. Pope. 
 
 The balance must be held by a third hand, who 
 is to deal power with the utmost eiacfnfss into the 
 several scales. Suift. 
 
 2. Regularity of conduct ; strictness of 
 manners ; care not to deviate. 
 
 1 preferred not the outward peace of my king- 
 doms with men, before that inward exactness of 
 conscience before God. King Charles. 
 
 They think that their exacf/icss in one duty will 
 atone for their neglect of another.' I^ogers. 
 
 E X A 
 
 To EXAGGERATE, v. a. [exaggero, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To heap upon ; to accumulate. 
 
 In the great level near Thorny, several oaks and 
 firs stand in firm earth below tne moor, and have 
 lain three hundred of years, still covered by the 
 fresh and salt waters anci moorish earth exaggerated 
 upon them. Hale. 
 
 2. To heighten by representation ; to en- 
 large by hyperbolical expressions. 
 
 He had exaggerated, as pathetically as he could, 
 the sense the people generally had, even despair of 
 ever seeing an end of the calamities. Clarendon. 
 A (nend eiaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy 
 inflames his crimes. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Exaggera'tion. w. s. [from exagge- 
 rate.] 
 
 1. The act of heaping together; an heap ; 
 an accumulation. 
 
 Some towjis that were anciently havens and 
 
 ports, are now, by exaggeration of sand between 
 
 these towns and the sea, converted into firm land. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 2. Hyperbolical amplification. 
 
 Exaggerations of the prodigious condescensions 
 in the prince to pass good laws, would have an 
 odd sound at Westminster. Svift. 
 
 To Exa'gitate. v. a. [exagito, Lat.] 
 
 1. To shake; to put in motion. 
 
 The warm air of the bed eiagitates the blood. 
 
 Arbnthiot. 
 
 2. To reproach; to pursue with invectives. 
 The sense is now disused, being purely 
 Latin. 
 
 This iheir defect and imperfection I had rather 
 lament in such case than exa^i(a(e. Hooker. 
 
 Exagita'tion. n. s. [from exagitate.] 
 The act of shaking or agitating. Diet. 
 
 To EXA'LT. V. a. [exalier. Fr. alius, Lat. 
 exalto, low Lat.] 
 
 1. To raise on high. 
 
 And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto 
 lieaven, shalt be brought down to hell. 
 
 Matt, xi, 23, 
 
 2. To elevate to power, wealth, or dig- 
 nity. 
 
 Exalt him that is low, and abase him that is 
 higli. ^ Ezek. 
 
 As yet eialtest thou thyself against my people, 
 tluit thou wilt not let them go? Exodus, ix. 17. 
 
 How long shall mine enemy hQ exalted over me ? 
 Psalm xiii, 2. 
 
 3. To elevate to joy or confidence. 
 
 The covenanters, who understood their own 
 want of strength, were very reasonably eiallcd 
 with this success. Clarendon. 
 
 How much soever the king's friends were de- 
 jected upon the passing those two acts, it is cer- 
 tain, they who thought they got whatsoever he 
 lost were mightily exalted, and thought themselves 
 now superior to any opposition. 
 
 Dryden\ JEneid, Dedicat. 
 
 4. To praise; to extol ; to magnify. 
 
 O mafriiify the Lord with me, and let us exalt 
 his name togetlier. Psalm xxxiv. 3. 
 
 5. To raise up in opposition : a scriptural 
 phrase. 
 
 Against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and 
 lift up tliine eyes on high ? 2 King, xix. 22. 
 
 0. To intend ; to enforce. 
 
 Now Mars, she said, let fame et.alt her voice ; 
 Nor let thy conquests only be her choice. Prior. 
 7. To heighten; to improve; to refine by 
 fire, as in chemistry. 
 
 The wild animals have more exercise, have 
 their juices more elaborated and exalted ; but fiir 
 the same reason the fibres are harder. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 With chymick art exalts the min'ral pow'rs. 
 And draws the aromatick souls of flow rs. Pope. 
 
 E X A 
 
 They meditate whether the virtues of the on« 
 will exalt cr diminish the force of the other, or 
 correct acy of its nocent qualities. Watts. 
 
 8. To elevate in diction or sentiment. 
 
 But hear, oh hear, in what exalted strains, 
 Sicilian muses, through these happy plains. 
 Proclaim Saturnian times, our own Apollo reigns. 
 
 Roscommcm. 
 
 Exaltation, n. s. [from exalt.] 
 
 1. The act of raising on high. 
 
 2. Elevation to power, dignity, or excel- 
 lence. 
 
 She put off the garments of widowhood, for Hie 
 exaltation of those that were oppressed. 
 
 Judith, xvi. 8. 
 
 The former was an humiliation of Deity, the 
 latter an humiliation of manhood ; for which* cause 
 there followed anesaltation of that whicli was hum- 
 bled : for with power he created the world, but 
 restored it by obedience. Hooker. 
 
 3. Elevated state ; state of greatness or 
 dignity. 
 
 I wonder'd at m^' flight and change 
 To this high exaltation. Milions Par. Lost. 
 
 In Gorl all perfections, in their highest degree 
 and exaltation, meet together. Tilloison. 
 
 Vouare as much esteemed, and as much beloved, 
 perhaps more dreaded, than ever you were in your 
 highest eialtatiim. Swijt. 
 
 4. [In pharmacy.] Raising a medicine to 
 a higher degree of virtue, or an increase 
 of the most remarkable property of any 
 body. Quincj/. 
 
 5. Dignity of a planet in which its powers 
 are increased. 
 
 Astrolooers tell us, that the sun receives liis 
 exaltation m the sign Aries. Dryden. 
 
 Exa'men. n. s. [Lat.] Examination; 
 disquisition ; enquiry. 
 
 This considered together with a strict account, 
 and critical eiamen of reason, will also distract the 
 witty determinations of astrology. 
 
 Bnmn s Vulgar Envurs. 
 
 Ex'aminate. w. s. [exatuinatuSf Lat,] 
 The person examined. 
 
 In an examination where a freed servant, who 
 having power with Claudius, very taucily had 
 almost all the words, asked in scorn one of the 
 examinatcs, who was likewise a freed servant of 
 Scribonianus ; I pray, sir, if Scnbonianus had been 
 emperor, what would you have done ? He an- 
 swered, I would have stood behind his chair and 
 held my peace. Bacon. 
 
 Examina'tion. n. s. [examinatio, Lat.] 
 The act of examining by questions, 
 or experiment; accurate disquisition. 
 
 I have brougiit him forth, tliat after examination 
 had, I might liave somewhat to write. 
 
 Acts, XXV. 9-6. 
 
 Ditferent men leaving out or putting in several 
 simple ideas, according to their various eiammaifcn, 
 skill, or observation of the subject, have ditferent 
 essences. Lncke. 
 
 Examina'tor. n. s. [Lat.] An examiner; 
 
 an enquirer. 
 
 An inference, not of power to persuade a serious 
 examinator. Brown's Vnlg. Eitouts. 
 
 To EXAMINE, v. a. [examino, Lat.] 
 
 1. To try a person accused or suspected 
 by interrogatories. 
 
 Let them examine themselves whether tliey re- 
 pent them truly. Church Cat. 
 
 If we this day be examined of the good deed 
 done to the impotent man. Acts, iv. 9 
 
 We might, before it be too late, to examiyie our 
 souls, and provide for futurity. Wake's Preparation. 
 
 2. To interrogate a witness. 
 
 Command his accusers to come unto thee, by 
 examining of whom thyself raayest take knowledge 
 of all these things Act$. 
 
 C52
 
 E X A 
 
 3. To ti-y the truth or falsehood of any 
 proposition. 
 
 4. To try by experiment, or observation ; 
 narrowly sift ; scan. 
 
 To write what may securely stand the test 
 Of being well read over thrice at least, 
 Compare each phrase, examine ev'ry line. 
 Weigh ev'ry word, and ev'ry thought refine. i'D/ic. 
 
 5. To make enquiry into ; to search into ; 
 to scrutinise. 
 
 When 1 beeaii to eiamine the extent and cer- 
 tainty of our knowledge, I found it had a near 
 connection with words Locke. 
 
 Examiner. ». s. [from examine.] 
 
 1. One who interrogates a criminal or 
 
 evidence. 
 
 A crafty clerk, commissioner, or eiamiiier, will 
 
 make a witness speak what lie truly never meant. 
 
 i/u/t's Lair of F.nglaiifl. 
 
 2. One who searches or tries any thing ; 
 one who scrutinises. 
 
 So nnich diligence is not altogether necessary, 
 but it will promote the success of the experiments, 
 and by a very scrupulous examiner of things de- 
 serves to be applied. Xeulon's Opiich. 
 Exa'mplary. adj. [from crainp/e.] Serv- 
 ing for example or pattern ; proposed to 
 imitation. 
 
 We are not of opinion that nature, in workiiTg, 
 hath liet'ure her certain exemplary draughts or 
 patterns, which subsisting in the bosom of the 
 Highest, and being thence discovered, she fixcih 
 her eye upon theui. Hooker 
 
 EXA'MPLE. 11. s. [exemple, Fr. exem- 
 pliini, Lat.] 
 
 1. Copy or pattern ; that which is pro- 
 posed to be resembled or imitated. 
 
 The example and pattern of those his creatures 
 he beheld in all eternity . Raleigh's Histortj. 
 
 2. Precedent; former instance of the like. 
 So hot a speed, with such advice dispos'd. 
 
 Such temp'rate order in so fierce a course. 
 
 Doth want example. Sliakesp. King John. 
 
 3. Precedent of good. 
 
 Let us shew an example to our brethren. 
 
 Juilith, viii. 21. 
 Taught tliis by his example, whom I now 
 Acknowledge m'y Redeemer ever blest ! Milton. 
 
 4. A person fit to be proposed as a pattern. 
 
 Be thou an example of the believers. 1 Tim. 
 
 5. One punished for the admonition of 
 others. 
 
 Sodom and Gomorrah, giving themselves over 
 to fornication, are set forth for an example, sutfer- 
 ing the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude, 7. 
 
 6. Influence which disposes to imitation. 
 When virtue is present, men take example at it ; 
 
 and when it is gone, they desire it. ^Visd. iv. 2. 
 
 Example is a motive of a ver^' prevailing force 
 
 on the actions of men. Rogej-s. 
 
 7. Instance; illustration of a general posi- 
 tion by some particular specification. 
 
 Can we, for example, give the praise of valour 
 to a man, who, seeinc bis gcds pro[)haned, should 
 want the courage to defend thciu ? Drwlen. 
 
 8. Instance in which a rule is illustrated 
 by an application. 
 
 IM3' reason is suilieiently convinced both of the 
 
 truth and usefulness of his precepts : it is to jire- 
 
 tend that 1 have, at least in some places, made 
 
 examples to his rules. Druden. 
 
 To Exa'mple. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To exemplify; to give an instance of. 
 
 'J he proof whereof 1 saw sufiicieutly exampled in 
 these late wars of iMunster. Spenser s State 1^' Ireland. 
 
 2. To set an exainple. 
 
 Do viilany, do, since you profess to do 
 Like workmen : I'll examvle vou with thievery. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Exa'nguious. ailj. [exanguis, Lat.] 
 
 E X A 
 
 Having no blood ; formed witli animal 
 juices, not sanguineous. 
 
 Hereby they confound the generation of perfect 
 animals with imperfect, sanguineous with eiangui- 
 ous. Brown. 
 
 The insects, if we take in the exangniaus, both 
 terrestrial and aquatick, may for number vie even 
 with plants. Ray. 
 
 Exa'nimate. adj. [exanimattis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Lifeless ; dead. 
 
 2. Spiritless ; depressed. 
 
 The grey mom 
 Lifts her pale lustre on the paler wretcli, 
 Kxajtirnate by love. Thomsons Spring. 
 
 Exanima'tion. n. s. [from exanimate.] 
 Deprivation of life. Diet. 
 
 Exa'nimous. adj. [e.tanimis, Lat.] Life- 
 less; dead ; killed. 
 
 EXASTUEMATA. n. s. [l|a,SV«Ja.] 
 Efflorcscencies ; eruptions; breaking out; 
 pustules. 
 
 Ex.\nthe'matous. adj. [from exanthe- 
 mata.] Pustulous; efflorescent; erup- 
 tive. 
 
 To EXANTLATE. r. n. [exantlo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To draw out. 
 
 2. To exhaust ; to waste away. 
 By time those seeds are wearied or eiantlated, 
 
 or unable to act their parts any longer. Boijle. 
 
 Exantla'tion. 71. s. [from exantlate.] 
 
 The act of drawing out ; exhaustion. 
 Exara'tion. n. s. [exaro, Lat.] The 
 
 m.inual act of writing; the manner of 
 
 manual writing. Diet. 
 
 Exarticula'tion. n. s. [ex and arti- 
 
 CM/i«, Lat.] The dislocation of a joint. 
 
 Diet. 
 To EXA'SPERATE. v. a. [e.vaspero, Lat.] 
 
 1. To provoke; to enrage; to irritate; to 
 anger ; to make furious. 
 
 To take the widow, 
 
 Exasperates, makes mad her sister Goneril. Shakesp. 
 
 The people of Italy, who run into politicks, 
 
 having something to exasperate them against the 
 
 king of France. Addison. 
 
 2. To heighten a difference ; to 
 vate ; to embitter. 
 
 Matters grew more exasperate between the kings 
 of England and Friince, for the auxiliary forces of 
 Frcncliand English were much blooded onearainst 
 another. Bacon. 
 
 When ambition is unable to attain its end, it is 
 not only wearied, but exasperated at the ranitv of 
 its labours. Parnel. 
 
 3. To exacerbate ; to heighten malignity. 
 The plaster alone would pen the hunuiur al- 
 ready contained in the part, and so exasperate it. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Exaspera'ter. ji. s. [from exasperate.] 
 He that exasperates, or provokes ; a 
 jirovuker. 
 
 Exaspera'tion. n. s. [from exasperate.] 
 
 L Aggravation ; malignant representa- 
 tion. 
 
 Mv going U' demand justice npon the five 
 members, my enemies loaded with all the oblo- 
 quies and exasperations they could. King Charles. 
 
 2. Provocation; irritation; incitement to 
 rage. 
 
 Their ill usage and exaspcratioTis of him, and his 
 zeal for mainlaniing his argument, disposed him 
 to lake liberty. Atlcrhnrii. 
 
 To EXAUCTORATE. v. a. [e.rauctoro, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. To dismiss from service. 
 
 aggra- 
 
 E X C 
 
 2. To deprive of a benefice. 
 
 Arch hereticks, in the primitive days of ChristW 
 anity, were by the church treated with no other 
 puiiTsbment than excororatniication, and by ej- 
 auctorating and depriving them of their de'greri 
 therein. Avlif^e't Parrrgtm. 
 
 Exai'CTORa'tion. n. s. [from exauc- 
 torate.] 
 
 1. Dismission from service. 
 
 2. Deprivation ; degradation. 
 Deposition, degradation, or eiauctaration, is no- 
 thing else but the removing of a person from some 
 dignity orordi-r in the cliureli, and depriving hira 
 of Ins ecclesiastical preferments. Avti^ysFartrgcn. 
 
 Excande'scenx'E. 1 n. f. [excundesro, 
 
 EXCANDESCENCY. / Lat.] 
 
 \. Heat; the state of growing hot. 
 
 2. Anger; ihe state of growing angry. 
 
 Excanta'tion. n. s. [txeanto, Lat.] 
 Disenchantment by a counter-charm. 
 
 To Exca'rnate. r. a. [ex and carius, 
 Lat.] To clear from flesh. 
 
 The spleen is most curiously excamated, and If e 
 vessels filled with wax, whereby its fibres and ves- 
 sels are very well seen. Grei.'. 
 
 Excarnifica'tion. n. s. [excarnijico, 
 I.at.l The act of takin<; awav the 
 
 flesh. 
 To EXCAVATE, r. a. [e.tcavo, Lat.] To 
 hollow ; to cut into hollows. 
 
 The cups, gilt with a golden border about the 
 brim, were of that wrmderful smallness, that 
 Faber put a thousand of them into an excautted 
 pepper-com. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 i'hough nitrous tempests, and cfandestine death, 
 Fill'd the deep caves,and num'rous vaults beneath. 
 Which forni'a with art, and wrought with ei'.dless 
 
 toil. 
 Ran through the faithless excavated soil. 
 See the unweary'd Briton delves his way 
 And to the caverns lets in war and dav. Blackm. 
 
 Flat thecal, some like hats, some like buttons, 
 excaiated in the middle. 
 
 Derham's Phijsico-Theologv. 
 
 Excava'tion. n. s. [from e.rcavate.] 
 
 1. The act of cutting into hollows. 
 
 2. The hollow formed ; the cavity. 
 
 Wliile our eye measures the eminent and the 
 
 hollowed partsof pillars, the total object appearelh 
 
 the bigger ; and so, as much as those excaxations 
 
 do subtract, is supplied by a fallacy of the sight. 
 
 JVotton s Architecture. 
 
 To EXC EED. V. a. [exeedo, Lat] 
 
 1. To go bej-ond ; to outgo. 
 
 Nor did any of the crusts much exceed half an 
 inch in thickiiess. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 2. To excel ; to surpass. 
 
 Solomon exceed, d all the kings of the earth. 
 
 1 Kings. 
 
 To Exce'ed. V. n. 
 
 L To go too far ; to ji.a«s the bounds of 
 
 fitness. 
 
 In your prayers, and places of religion, use re- 
 verent postures and great attention, remembering 
 that we speak to God, in our reverence to whom 
 we cannot possibly exceed. Tavlor. 
 
 2. To go beyond any limits. 
 
 Forty stripes he may give him, and not aeeed. 
 
 Deut. 
 
 ;i. To bear the greater proportion. 
 .lustice must punish the rebellious deed ; 
 Yet punish so, as pity shall exceed. Dryden. 
 
 Exceeding, participial adj. [from ex- 
 ceed.] Great in quantity, extent, or 
 duration. 
 
 He saith, that cities were buUt an eiceeding 
 space of time before the great flood. 
 
 Raleigh's History. 
 
 653
 
 E X C 
 
 Exce'eding. adv. [This word is not 
 analogical, but has been long admitted 
 and established.] In a very great de- 
 gree ; eminently. 
 
 The cuuittrj is supposed to be exceeding rich. 
 
 Abh„t. 
 The Genoese were eiceedins powerful bv sea, 
 mid contended often with the Venetians forsupc- 
 riaritv. Raleigh: 
 
 Talk no more so exceeding proudly ; let not ar- 
 foeance come out of V"ur moulli. 1 Sam. ii. ,S. 
 
 I'lie aclion of the Iliad and that of the ^-Enei'i 
 were in themselves exceeding short ; but are beau- 
 tifully extended and diversified by the invention 
 of«pi3odes, and tlie machinery of the g<jds. 
 
 jiddisim. 
 
 The serum of the blood affords, by distillation, 
 
 an exceeding limpid water, neither acid nor allia- 
 
 •i"C- Arbuthiwt. 
 
 Excee'dingly. (idv. [from erceediiio;.] 
 
 To a great degree ; greatly ; very 
 
 much. 
 
 They cried out more exceedingly. Crucify him. 
 
 Mark xv. 
 
 Isaac trembled exceedingly. Gen. xxvii. 33. 
 
 The Earl of Surrey, lieutenant of Ireland, was 
 
 much feared of the king's enemies, and exceedinglij 
 
 beloved of the king's subjects. Davies on Ireiaml. 
 
 Precious stones look er'ceedijtgltt well, when they 
 
 are set in those places which we would make to 
 
 come out ()f the picture. Drydcn. 
 
 Is not this medium exceedingly more rare and 
 
 subtile than the air, and exceediugh more elastick 
 
 Rnd active ? Kewtm's Opticks. 
 
 To EXCEL. 11. a. [excello, Lat.] To 
 
 outgo in good qualities ; to surpass. 
 
 Venus her myrtle, Phrcbus has his bays; 
 
 Tea both excels, which you vouchsafe to praise. 
 
 Waller. 
 How heroes rise, how patriots set. 
 Thy father's bloom and death may tell ; 
 
 EiceUing others, these were great; 
 Thou greater still, must these excel. Prior. 
 
 To Exce'l. v. n. To have good qualities 
 in a great degree ; to be eminent ; to be 
 great. 
 
 Then to Silvia let us sing. 
 That Silvia is excelling. Shake^. 
 
 Reuben, unstable as water, thou shall not excel. 
 
 Gen. xlix. 
 
 It is not only in order of nature for him to go- 
 vern, that is the more intelligent ; but there is no 
 less required, courage to protect, and, above all, 
 honesty and probity to abstain from injury : so fit- 
 ness to govern is a perplexed business. Some 
 men, some nations, excel in the one ability, some 
 in the other. Bacon's Hi'ilq M'ar. 
 
 Company are to be avoided that are good for 
 nothing ; those tobe sought and frequented that 
 excel in some quality or other. Temyle. 
 
 Hematch'd their beauties where they raostcjee/; 
 Of love sung better, and of arms as well. Drnden. 
 
 Let those leach others, %\ ho themselves excel ; 
 And censure freely, who have written well. Pojie. 
 
 Excellence.) n. s. [excellence, Fr. 
 Excellency, j excellentia, Lat.] 
 
 1. The state of abounding in any good 
 quality. 
 
 2. Dignity ; high rank in existence. 
 
 Is it not wonderful, that base desires slnnild so 
 extinguish in men the sense of their own excellenci/, 
 as to make them willing that their souls should be 
 like the souls of beasts, mortal and corruptible with 
 their bodies ? Hooker. 
 
 I know not why a fiend may not deceive a crea- 
 ture o! more excellency than himself, but yetacrea- 
 tufe- Dryden's J'uv. Dedic. 
 
 ii. The state of excelling in any thing. 
 
 I have, amongst men of parts and business, sel- 
 dom heard any one commended for having an ei- 
 cellency in musick. Locke. 
 
 4. That in which one excels. 
 
 E X C 
 
 The criticisms have been made rather to disco- 
 ver beauties and eieetlencies than their faults and 
 imperfections. Addison. 
 
 5. Purity ; goodness. 
 
 She lovti liim with that excellence, 
 That aiiirels love good men with. Shakesp 
 
 6. A title of honour. It is now usually 
 applied to generals of any army, ambas- 
 sadors, and goveniours. 
 
 i hey humblv shew unto your excellence. 
 To have a goodly peace concluded of. Sliakesp. 
 
 Excellent, adj. [excellens, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Of great virtue ; of great worth ; of 
 great dignity. 
 
 Arts and sciences are excellent, in order to certain 
 ends. _ Taylor. 
 
 2. Eminent in any good quality. 
 
 He is excellent in power and in judgment. 
 
 Job, xxxvii. 23. 
 
 E'xcELLENTLY. adi). [from excellent.] 
 
 1. Well ; in a high degree. 
 
 He determines that man was erect, because he 
 
 was made with hands, as he excellently declareth. 
 
 Browns Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 That was ejce//fnt/i/ observed, says I, when I read 
 a passage in an author, where his opinion agrees 
 with mine. Sivift. 
 
 2. To an eminent degree. 
 
 Ctimedy is both excellentlv instructive and ex- 
 tremely pleasant ; satire lashes vice into reforma- 
 tion ; and humour represents folly, so as to render 
 it riiliculous Dryden 
 
 To EXCEPT. V. a. [excipio, Lat.] 
 1 . To leave out, and specify as left out of 
 a general precept, or position. 
 
 But when he saith. All things are put under him, 
 it is manifest, that he is excepted which did put all 
 things under him. Ctn-. 
 
 Adam, behold 
 Th' effects, which thy orieinal crime hath wrought 
 In some to spring froju thee, who never touch'cf 
 Th' excepted tree. Milton's Far. Last. 
 
 To Except, v. n. To obje(.t ; to make 
 objections. 
 
 A successioti which our author could not except 
 against. Locke. 
 
 Exce'pt. preposit. [from the verb. This 
 word, long taken as a preposition or con- 
 junction, is originally the participle pas- 
 sive of the verb ; which, like most others, 
 had for its participle two temiinations, 
 except or excepted. All except one, is 
 all, one excepted. Except may like- 
 wise be, according to the Tiutonick 
 idiom, the imperative mood: all. excejit 
 one ; that is, all but one, which you 
 must except.] 
 
 1. Exclusively of ; without inclusion of. 
 Richard except, those whom we fight against. 
 
 Had rather have us win than liira they follow. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 God a-nd his son except, 
 Nought valued he nor fear'd. Milton. 
 
 2. Unless ; if it be not so that. 
 
 It is necessary to know our duty, because 'tis 
 ntcessary for us to do it ; and it is" impossible to 
 do it, except we know it. Titlotson. 
 
 Excepting, preposit. [from except. See 
 EXCEPT.] Without inclusion of; with 
 exception of. An improper word. 
 
 May I not live ^vithout controul and awe, 
 Eirepting still the letter of the law ? Dri/den's Pers. 
 
 People come into the world in Turkey' the same 
 way they do here ; atld yei, excepting the royal fa- 
 mily, they get but little by it. Cri//;fr on Duelling. 
 
 Exce'ption. n.s. [from except ; exception 
 
 Lat.] 
 I . Exclusion from the things comprehend- 
 
 E X C 
 
 ed in a precept, or position ; exclusion 
 of any person from a general law. 
 
 When God renewed this charter of man's sove- 
 reignty over the creatures to Noah and his family, 
 we lind no exception at all ; but that Cham stood 
 as fully mvesled with this right as any of his bre- 
 "";<'"• ,^ , South. 
 
 Let the money be raised on land, with an excep- 
 tion to some of the more barren parts, that might be 
 'a^-free. Addison. 
 
 2. It should have from before the rule or 
 law to which the exception refers ; but it 
 is sometimes inaccurately used with to. 
 
 Pleads, in exception to all gen'ral rules, 
 ■Vour taste of follies, with our scorn of fools. Pope. 
 
 3. Thing excepted or specified in exception. 
 
 Every act of parliament was not previous to 
 what it enacted : unless those two, by which the 
 Earl of SlatTord and Sir .Tohn Fenwick lost their 
 heads may pass for exceptions. Slvift. 
 
 Who first taught souls enslav'd, and realms un- 
 done, 
 ■fh' enormous faith of many made for one ; 
 That proud exception to all nature's laws, 
 T' invert the world and counterwork its cause. Pope. 
 
 4. Objection; cavil: -with against or to. 
 Your assertion hath drawn us to make search 
 
 whether these be just exceptions against the customs 
 of our church, when ye plead that they are the same 
 which the church of Rome hath, or that they are 
 not the same which some other reformed churches 
 have devised. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 He may have exceptions peremptory against the 
 jurors, of which he then shall shew cause. Spetiser. 
 
 Revelations will soon be discerned to be extreme- 
 ly conducible to reforming mens lives, such as will 
 answer all objections and exceptions of flesh and 
 blood against it. Hammond. 
 
 I will answer what exceptions they can have 
 against our account, and confute all the reasons and 
 explications they can give of their own. Bentley. 
 
 5. Peevish dislike ; offence taken : some- 
 times with to. 
 
 I fear'd to shew my father Julia's letter. 
 Lest he should take exceptions to my love. Shakesp. 
 0. Sometimes with at. 
 
 He first took exception at this badge. 
 Pronouncing, that the paleness of this flow'r 
 Bewray'd the faintness of my master's heart. Shah. 
 
 7. Sometimes with against. 
 
 Roderigo, thou hast taken against me an excep- 
 tion ; but I protest I have dealt most directly in thy 
 afi"air. _ _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 8. In this sense it is commonly used with 
 the verb take. 
 
 He gave Sir James Tirrel great thanks ; but took 
 exception to the place of their burial, being loo 
 base for them that were king's children. Bacon. 
 
 Exceptionable, adj. [from exception.] 
 Liable to objection. 
 
 The only piece of pleasantry in Milton is where 
 the evil spirits rally tne angels upon the success of 
 their artillery : this passage I look upon to be the 
 most exceptionable in the whole poem. Addison. 
 
 Exce'ptious. adj. [from except.] Pee- 
 vish ; froward ; full of objections ; quar- 
 relsome. 
 
 'I'hey are so supercilious, sharp, troublesome, 
 fierce, and exceptious, that they are not only short 
 of the true character of friendship, but become 
 the very sores of society. South. 
 
 Exceptive, jdj. [from except.] Includ- 
 ing an exception. 
 
 ^ Exceptive propositions will make complex syllo- 
 gisms, as none out physicians came to the con- 
 sultation : the nurse is no physician, therefore the 
 nurse came not to the consultation. Watts' sLogick. 
 Exce'ptless. adj. [from e.rcept.] Omit- 
 ting or neglecting all exception ; general; 
 universal. This is not in use. 
 
 Forgive my gen'rai and exceptless rashness. 
 Perpetual sober gods ! 1 du proclaim 
 One honest m?n. Shakesp. Timon.
 
 E X C 
 
 Exck'ptor. n. s. [from except.^ Objec- 
 tor ; one that makes exceptions. 
 
 The exceptor makes a reflection upontlic Impro- 
 priety of inose expressions. Bumet. 
 
 To ExcERN. r. a. [txcerno, hat.] To 
 strain out; to separate or emit by strain- 
 ers ; to send out by excretion. 
 
 That which is dead, or corrii;ttcrt or excerned, 
 
 hath antipathy with the same thing wlicn it is alive 
 
 and louiid, and with ihosL- parts which do eicern. 
 
 Bacojis Kat. Hist. 
 
 Ktercise first scndcth nourishment into the parts; 
 and secondly, helpctli tn eicern by sweat, and so 
 niaketh the jiarts assimilate. Bacons Kat, hist. 
 
 An unguent or pap prepared, wiih an open 
 vessel to txcern it into. liny on the Creation. 
 
 Exce'rption. 71. s. [excerptio, Lat] 
 
 1. The act of gleaning ; selecting. 
 
 2. The thing gleaned or selected. 
 
 Times have consumed his works, saving sonu- 
 few exceptions. lialeigh. 
 
 EXCE'SS. n. s, [excessus, Lat.] 
 
 1. More than enough ; faulty superfluity. 
 
 Amongst tlie licaps uf these excesses and super- 
 fluities, there is espied the want of a principal part 
 of duty. Hooker 
 
 Goodness answers to the theological virtue cha- 
 rity, and admits no excess hut error : the desire of 
 power in excess caused the ani:els to faU ; the de- 
 sire of knowledge in excess c«used man to fall; 
 but in charity there is no excess, neitlier can auLicl 
 or man come in danger by it. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Members are crooked or distorted, or dispropur- 
 tionate to the rcbl, either in excess or defect. Ray. 
 
 2. Exuberance; state of exceeding; com- 
 parative exuberance. 
 
 Let the superfluous and lust dieted man. 
 That braves your ordinance, feel your power 
 
 quickly ; 
 So distribution shall undo excess, 
 And each man have enough. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 The several rays in that white light retani their 
 Colorifick qualities, by which those of any sort, 
 whenever they become more copious than the rest, 
 do by their excess and predominance cause their 
 proper colour to appear. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 3. Intemperance; unreasonable indulgence 
 in meat and drink. 
 
 It was ticess of wine that set him on. 
 And on his more advice we pardon him. Shakesp. 
 
 There will be need of temperance in diet ; for 
 the body, once licavy with eicf^ and surfeits, hangs 
 plummets on the nobler parts. Duppa. 
 
 4. Violence of passion. 
 
 5. Transgression of due limits. 
 
 A popular sway, by forcing things to give 
 IMore than was fit for objects to receive, 
 Ran to the same extremes ; and one excess 
 Made both, by striving to be greater, less. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuse- 
 ness : even parsimony itself, which sits but ill upon 
 a puhlick figure, is yet the more pardonable excess 
 of the two. Atterbury. 
 
 Exce'ssive. adj. [excessif, French; from 
 excess.] 
 
 1. Beyond the common propoition of 
 quantity or bulk. 
 
 If the panicura be laid below and about the bot- 
 tom of a root, it will cause tlie root to grow to an 
 cjcessiie bigness. Bacon. 
 
 2. Vehement beyond measure in kindness 
 or dislike. 
 
 Be not excessive toward an}'. Eccles. 
 
 The people's property it is, by excessive favour, 
 to brino; great men to raiser^', and then to be ex- 
 cessive in pity. Hayiiard. 
 
 Exce'ssively. adv, [from excessive.] 
 Exceedingly ; eminently ; in a great 
 degree. 
 A. man must be excessively stupid, as well as 
 
 E X C 
 
 uncharitable, who believes there is no virtue but 
 on his own side. Addison. 
 
 To EXCHA'NGE. v, a. [exchanger, Fr. 
 excambiare, low Lat.] 
 
 1 . To give or quit one thing for the sake 
 of gaining another. 
 
 They shall not sell of it, neither exchange nor 
 alienate the first fruits. Ezek. xlviii. 14. 
 
 Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a spark - 
 linp pchhle, or a diamoml. Locke. 
 
 'lake delight in the good things of this wurUI, 
 so as to remember that we are to part with them, 
 and io exchange them for more excellent and du- 
 rable enjoy men ts. Atterbury. 
 
 2. To give or take reciprocally. 
 
 Exchange forgiveness with me, inble Hamlet ; 
 Mine and my father's blood, be not upon thee. 
 Nor thine on me. Shakesp. hamlet. 
 
 Words having naturally no sr<inificHti(»n, the 
 idea must be learned by those who woidd exchange 
 thoughts, and liold intelligible discourse wiih 
 others. Locke. 
 
 Here then exchange we nnitually forgiveness. 
 So may the guilt of all my broken vows. 
 My perjurits to thee be all forgotten. Rowe. 
 
 3. It has with btfore tiie person with wjiom 
 the exchange is made, and for before the 
 thing taken in exchange. 
 
 The king called in the old money, and erected 
 exchanges where the weight of old money was <■ j- 
 changedfor new. " Camd. 
 
 Being acquainted with the laws and fashions of 
 his own Country, he has something to exchange 
 with those abroad. Locke. 
 
 Excha'nge. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of giving and receiving reci- 
 procally. 
 
 And thus they parted, with exchange of harrsx'i ; 
 Much blood tlie monsters lost, and they theirarms. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 They lend theircorn, they make eicftanges ; they 
 are always ready to serve one another. Addison. 
 
 2. Traffick by pennutation. 
 
 The world is maintained by intercourse ; and 
 the whole course of nature is a great exchange, in 
 which one good turn is, and ought to be, tlie 
 stated price of another. South. 
 
 3. The form or act of transferring, pro- 
 perly by bills or notes. 
 
 I have bills for money by exchange. 
 From Florence, and must Here deliver them. Shak. 
 
 4. The balance of the money of different 
 nations. 
 
 He was skilled in theejc/ni«^e beyond seas, and 
 mail the circumstances and practices thereof. 
 
 Hayuard on Eduard VI. 
 
 5. The thing given in return for something 
 received. 
 
 If none appear to prove upon thy person 
 Thy heinous, manifest, and many treasons, 
 Thtre is my pledge : I'll prove \t on thy heart. 
 —There's my exchange; what in the world he is 
 That names nie traitor, villian-like he lies Shak. 
 
 Spend all I have, only give me so much time in 
 exchange of il. Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 It made not the silver coined go for more than its 
 value in all iliiiigs lu be bought ; but just so much 
 as the dcnonii nation was raised, just so much less of 
 commodity hud the buyer 'mexcha7ige(oT it. Locke. 
 
 If blood you s< ek, I will my own resign : 
 O spare her life, and in exchange take mnie. 
 
 Dryden^s Ind. Emp. 
 
 6. The thing received in return for some- 
 thing given. 
 
 The respect and love which was paid you by all. 
 who had the happiness to know you, was a wise 
 cxchauge for the honours of the court. Dnjdcn. 
 
 7. The pliice where the merchants meet to 
 negociate their affairs ; place of sale. 
 
 He that uses ihe same wtirds sometimes in one, 
 and somelinies in another signification, ought to 
 pass, ill the schools, for as fair a man, as he does 
 m the market and exchange,v>ho sells several tilings 
 under the same name. Locke. 
 
 E X C 
 
 No thing, no place is strange, 
 While hU fair bnsomis the world"* eichangf.Denh. 
 Excha'nger. n. s. [from fichauge.] One 
 who practises exchange. 
 
 WhiUt bullion may he ha't for a small price 
 more than the wi-iglil «>f our current cash, the«e 
 eicfiun^ers j;fiirrallv cIium; rather to buy bullion 
 than run the riitk of melting doMn our coin, wl ich 
 is criminal \jy the law. Locke. 
 
 Exchr'at. n. «. See Escheat. 
 
 Jfe by my ruins thinks to make ihem great: 
 To m'dke one great by others loss, is bad ejrheat, 
 
 Sfittair. 
 
 Exche'ator. n. *. See Escheator. 
 
 These earls and dukes appointed their speciaJ 
 officers ; as sberitf, admirdl, receiver, havener, 
 customer, butler, searcher, comptroller, gager, ex- 
 cheatnr, feodary, auditor, and clerk of the markrl. 
 
 Carev. 
 Exche'qier. n. s. [eschfqueir, yoTman 
 French ; scfiarrarhim. low Latin, trom 
 schatz a treasure, Germ.] Tiie court to 
 ■which are brought all the revenues be- 
 longing to the crown. Itconsists of two 
 parts ; whereof one tlealeth specially in 
 the hearing and deciding of all causes 
 appertaining to the king's coffers : the 
 other is called the receipt of the exche- 
 quer, which is properly employed in the 
 receiving and paying of money. It is 
 also a court of recortl, wherein all causes 
 touching the revenues of the crown are 
 handletl. Harris. 
 
 I will be cheater to them both, and thev shaii 
 be exchc(j>iers to me. ^uikesp. 
 
 Vour treasures 
 Are quite esbausted, the Mr/iemier's empty. Denh. 
 
 Clipped money will pass whilst the king's bank- 
 ers and at last the cichequer liikcs it. Lxke. 
 
 EXCISE, n. s. [accijs, Dut. excisum, I^t.] 
 A hateful tax levied upon commodities, 
 and adjudged not by the common judges 
 of property, but wretches hired by those 
 to whom excise is paid. 
 
 The people should pay a ratable tax for their 
 sheen, and an eicise for "every thing which they 
 should eat. HatncaTd. 
 
 .\mbitious now to take excise 
 Of a more fragrant paradise. Cleaviiaitd. 
 
 Excise, 
 With hundred rows of teeth, the shark exceeds. 
 And on all trades like Cussawar she feeds. JJanW. 
 
 Hire large houses, and oppress the poor, 
 By farm'd eicise. Dryden's Juitnat. 
 
 To Exci'sE. V. a. [from the noun.] To 
 levy excise upon a person or thing. 
 
 In South-st-a days, not happier when suniiis'd 
 The lord of thousands, tlian if now excis'd. Pope. 
 Exci'sEMAN. II. s. [f.rt isf and man.] An 
 officer who inspects commodities, and 
 rates their excise. 
 Exci'sioN. n. s. [e.rrhi(>, Lat] Extir- 
 pation ; destruction ; ruin ; the act of 
 cutting off; the state of being cut off. 
 Pride is one of the fatalest instruments of excisim. 
 Decay <f P^ty. 
 Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance 
 on those nations that have filled up the measure of 
 iniquities, and arc grown ripe for cjrisj*?n. .iuerb. 
 
 Excitation, n. s. [from rxcito to excite, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of exciting, or putting into mo- 
 tion. 
 
 .\l\ putrefactions come from the ambient body, 
 either by ingress of the ambient body into the lody 
 
 Cutrefied, or by fjcitarion and solicilatiun . f the 
 ody putrefied, by the body ambient. i- :con. 
 
 2. The act of rousing or awakening. 
 
 655
 
 E X C 
 
 The original of sensible and spiritual Ideas may 
 
 be owiiiK to sensation and reficction, the recollec- 
 
 tiou and fresh eicitation of them to other occasions. 
 
 Watts's Logkk. 
 
 To EXCITE. V. a. [excito, Lat.] 
 
 1. To rouse ; to animate ; to stir up ; to 
 
 encourage. 
 
 The Lacedemonians were more excited to desire 
 of honour with the excellent verses of the poet 
 Tirta;us, than with all the exhortations of their 
 captains. Spenser's Ireland. 
 
 ' That kind of poesy which eicites to virtue the 
 greatest men, is of greatest use to human kind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 S. To put in motion ; to awaken; to raise. 
 
 txci'xEMENT. n. s. [from excite.] The 
 motive by which one is stin-ed up, ani- 
 mated, or put in action. 
 
 How stand I then, . 
 
 Tliat have a father kill'd, a mother stain d, 
 Eicilements of ray reason and my blood, 
 And let all sleep"? Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Exciter, n. s. [from c.rcife.] 
 
 1. One that stirs up others, or puts them 
 in motion. 
 
 They never punished the delinquency of the tu- 
 mults and their exciters. King Charles. 
 
 2. The cause by which anything is raised 
 or put in motion. 
 
 Hone is the grand exc'der of industry. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 To EXCLAIM. I', n. [exclamo, Lat] 
 
 1. To cry out with veliemence; to make 
 an outcry ; to cry out querulously and 
 outi'ageously. 
 
 This ring. 
 Which, when you part from, lose, or give away. 
 Let it presage the ruin of your love. 
 And be roy 'vantage to exclaim on you. Shakesp. 
 
 Those who exclaim against foreign tyranny, do, 
 to this intestine usurper, make an entire dedition 
 of themselves. -fecav of Piety. 
 
 The most insupportable of tyrants exclaim against 
 the exercise of arbitrary power. L' Estrange. 
 
 2. To declare with loud vociferation. 
 Is Cade the son of Henry the Fifth, 
 
 That thus you do exclaim you'll go with him ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Exclaim, n. s. [from the verb.] Cla- 
 mour ; outcry. Now disused. 
 
 Alas, the part I hod in Glo'slcr's blood 
 Doth more solicit me than your exclaims. 
 To stir against the butchers of his life. Shakesp. 
 
 Exclai'mer. n. s. [from exclaim.] One 
 that makes vehement outcries ; one that 
 speaks with great heat and passion. 
 
 1 must tell this eiclaimer, that his manner of 
 nroceeding is very strange and unaccountable. 
 * e .- ylttfrhury. 
 
 Exclama'tion. n. s. [exclamalio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Vehement outcry; clamour; outrage- 
 ous vociferation. 
 
 The ears of the people are continually beaten 
 with acUanatiom against abuses in the church. 
 
 Hooker, Dedication. 
 
 Either be patient, or intreat me fair, 
 Or with the clamorous report of war, 
 1 hus will I drown yi'ur exclamations. Shakesp. 
 
 2. An emphatical utterance ; a pathetical 
 
 sentence. 
 
 OMusidorus! Musidorus! but what serve «cta- 
 mations, where there are no ears to receive the 
 sound ? 'S«'»f!'- 
 
 3. A note by which a pathetical sentence 
 
 is marked thus! 
 Excla'matory. adj. [from exclaim.] 
 
 1. Practising exclamation. 
 
 2. Containing exclamation. 
 
 E X C 
 
 To EXCLUDE, v. a. [crcliido, Lat.] 
 
 1. To shut up; to hinder from entrance 
 or admission. 
 
 Fenc'd with hedges and deep ditches round, 
 Exclude th' incroaching cattle from lliy ground. 
 
 Dryden s Virgil. 
 
 Sure I am, unless I win in arms, 
 To stand excluded from Emilia's charms. Dryclen. 
 
 Bodies do each singly possess its proper purtinn, 
 according to the extei.t of its solid parts, and there- 
 by exclude all other bodies from that space. Locke. 
 
 Though these three sorts of substances do nut 
 exclude one another out of the same place, yet we 
 cannot conceive hut that they must nrcessarily 
 each of tlieni exclude any of the same kind out of 
 the same place. Locke. 
 
 If the church be so unhappily contrived as to f j- 
 ctude from its communion such persons likeliest to 
 have great abilities, it should be altered. Siiift. 
 
 2. To debar ; to hinder from participa- 
 tion ; to prohibit. 
 
 Justice, that sits and frowns where puhlick laws 
 Exclude soft mercy from a private cause, 
 In your tribunal most herself does please ; 
 There only smiles, because she lives at ease.Dryd. 
 
 ■This is Dutch partnership, to share in all our 
 beneficial bargains, and exclude us wholly from 
 theirs. _ _ Swift. 
 
 3. To except in any position. 
 
 4. Not to comprehend in any grant or 
 
 privilege. 
 
 They separate from all apparent hope of life and 
 salvation, thousands whom the goodness of Al- 
 mighty God doth not exclude. Hooker. 
 
 5. To dismiss from the womb or egg. 
 
 Others ground this disruption upon their conti- 
 nued or protracted time of delivery, wherewith 
 excluding butone a-day, the latter bri>od impatient, 
 bv a forcible proruption, antidates their period of 
 exclusion. Brown's Vulg. EiTours. 
 
 Exclu'sion. n. s. [from exclude.] 
 1. The act of shutting out or denying ad- 
 mission. 
 
 In bodies that need detention of spirits, the c,r- 
 ciiision of the air doth good ; but in bodies that 
 need emission of spirits^ it doth hurt. Bacon. 
 
 •2. Rejection ; not reception in any man- 
 ner. 
 
 If he is for an entire exclusion of fear, which is 
 supposed to have some influence in every law, he 
 opposes himself to every government. Addison. 
 
 3. The act of debarring from any privilege 
 or participation. 
 
 4. Exception. 
 
 There was a question asked at the table, whether 
 the French king would agree to have the disposing 
 of the marriage of Bretagne, with an exception 
 and exclusion Uiat he shoufd not marry her him- 
 self? Bacon's HenryWl. 
 
 5. The dismission of the young from the 
 cfTg or womb. 
 
 How were it possible the womb should contain 
 the child, nay, sometimes twins, 'till they come to 
 their due perfection and maturity for exclusion f 
 
 Hay on the Creation. 
 
 6. Ejection; emission; thing emitted. 
 
 The salt and lixiviated serosity, with some por- 
 tion of choler, is divided between the guts and 
 bladder, yet it remains undivided in birds, and 
 hath but a single descent by the guts with the ex- 
 clusions of the helly . Broicn's I'vlg. Err. 
 Exclu'sive. adj. [from exclude.] 
 
 1 . Having the power of excluding or deny- 
 ing admission. 
 
 They obstacle find none 
 Of membrane, joint, or limb, exclusive bars : 
 Easier than air with air, if spirits embrace, 
 Total they mix. Milton's Par. lost. 
 
 2. Debaning from participation. 
 
 E X C 
 
 In scripture there is no such thing as an heir 
 that was, by right of nature, to inherit all, exclusive 
 of his brethren. Locke. 
 
 ;). Not taking into an account or number : 
 
 opposed to inclusive. 
 
 I knrjw not whether he reckons the dross, eiclu' 
 sive or inclusive, with his three hundred and sixty 
 tons of copper. Suijt. 
 
 4. Excepting. 
 
 Exclu'sively. adv. [from e.rclusive.] 
 
 1. Without admission of another to parti- 
 cipation: sometimes with to, properly 
 witli of. 
 
 It is not easy to discern among the many dif- 
 fering substances obtained from the same portion 
 of matter, which ought to be esteemed, exclusiveli^ 
 to all the rest, its inexistent elementary ingredi- 
 ents ; much less what primogenial and simple 
 bodies, ctuiveyed together, compose it. Boule. 
 
 VIvsses addresses himself to the queen chiefly 
 or primarily, but not exclusively (»/"the king. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 2. Without comprehension in an account 
 or number ; not inclusively. 
 
 The first part lasts from the date of the citation 
 to the joining of issue, exclusively : the second con- 
 tinues to a conclusion in the cause, inclusively. 
 
 Aylijfe's Parergon. 
 
 To Exco'ct. v. a. [excoctus, Lat.] To 
 boil up ; to make by boiling. 
 
 Salt and sugar, excocted by heat, are dissolved by 
 cold and moisture. Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 To Exco'gitate. v. a. [excogito, Lat.] 
 To invent ; to strike out by thinking. 
 
 If the wit of man had been to contrive this 
 organ, what could he have possibly excogitated more 
 accurate ? _ _ More. 
 
 The tradition of the origination of mankind 
 seems to be universal ; but the particular methods 
 of that origination excogitated by the heathen, 
 were particular. Hak's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 We shall find them to be little else than excogi- 
 tated and invented models, not much arising from 
 the true image of the things themselves. Hale. 
 
 Excommu'nicable. adj. Liable or de- 
 serving to be excommunicated. 
 
 Perhaps excommunicable ; yea, and cast for noto- 
 rious iiuprobity. Hooker. 
 
 To Excom.mu'nic.ate. v. a. [cxcummu- 
 nico, low Lat.] To eject from the com- 
 munion of the visible church by an 
 ecclesiastical censure; to interdict from 
 the participation of holy mysteries. 
 
 Thou shall stand curst and excommunicate ; 
 And blessed shall he be, that doth revolt 
 Fri^m his allegiance to an hcretick. Shakesp. 
 
 What if they shall eicommunicule me, hath the 
 doctrine of meekness any salve for me then ? 
 
 Hammond's Pract. Catech. 
 The oflice is performed by the parish-priest at 
 interment, but not unto persons excommunicated. 
 Aylijje's Farergon. 
 
 Excommunica'tion. n. s. [from excom- 
 municate.] An ecclesiastical interdict; 
 exclusion from the fellowship of the 
 
 church. 
 
 As for excommunication, it neither shutteth out 
 from the mystical, nor clean from the visible 
 church; but'only from fellowship with the visible 
 in holy duties. Hooker^ 
 
 To EXC0RI.\TE. r. fl. To flay; to strip 
 
 off the skin. 
 
 An hypersarcosis arises upon the excoriated eye- 
 lid, and turneth it outward. Ilisfman's Surgtry. 
 
 A looseness proves often a fatal symptom in fe- 
 vers ; for it weakens, excoriates, and inflames the 
 bowels. Arbuthwt. 
 
 Excoria'tion. n s. [from excoriate.] 
 
 65)
 
 E X C 
 
 1. Loss of skin ; privation of skin ; the act 
 
 of flaying. 
 
 The pituite secerned in the nose, moutti, and in- 
 testines, is nut an exert* iiicnlitious, but a laudable 
 liumour, necessary for defending those parts from 
 eicoriatioiu. Arbutlitwt. 
 
 2. Plunder ; spoil ; the act of stripping of 
 
 possessions. 
 
 It hath marvellously enhanced the revenues of 
 the crown, though with a pitiful cicoriation of the 
 
 poorer sort. 
 
 Hou:el. 
 
 EXCORTICATION. 11. s. [from cortex, and 
 ex, Lat.] Pulling the bark off any thing. 
 
 Quinci/. 
 ToE'xCREATE. v.a. [cTcreo, Lat.] To 
 eject at the mouth by hawking, or 
 forcing matter from the throat. 
 EXCREMENT, n.s. [cxcremenlum, La.t.] 
 That which is thrown out as useless, 
 noxious, or corrupted from the natural 
 passages of the body. 
 
 We see that those cifrfmcnis, that are of the first 
 digestion, smell the worst; as the eicrements from 
 the belly. Bacon. 
 
 It fares with politick bo<lies as with tlie physi- 
 cal ; each h ould convert all into their own proper 
 substance, and cast forth as excrement what will 
 not so be changed. Raleigh's Etsays. 
 
 Their sordid avarice rakes 
 In eicrements, and hires the very jakes. Dryden. 
 
 Farce, in itself, is of a nasty scent ; 
 But the gain smells not of the excrement. Dryden. 
 
 You may find, by dissection, not only their sto- 
 machs full of meat, but their intestines full of ei- 
 crement. Bentley. 
 
 The excrements of horses are nothing but bay, 
 and, as such, combustible. Arbuthnot 07t Aliments. 
 
 Excreme'ntal. adj. [from excrement. 1 
 That which is voided as excrement. 
 
 God hath given virtues to springs, fountains, 
 earth, plants, and the eicremetital parts of the 
 basest living creatures. Raleigh. 
 
 Excrementi'tious. adj. [fi-om cxcre- 
 ment-l Containing excrements ; con- 
 sisting of matter excreted from the body ; 
 offensive or useless to the body. 
 
 The excrcmerttitioiis moisture passcth in birds 
 through a fairer and more delicate strainer than in 
 beasts. Bacon. 
 
 Toil of the mind destroys health, by attracting 
 the spirits from their task of concoction to the 
 brain ; whither they carry along with them clouds 
 of vapours and excremcnlitiuus humours. Haneu. 
 
 The lungs are the grand cmuuctory of the body ; 
 and the main end of respiration is continually ^o 
 discharge and exuel sbi excrementitious fluid out of 
 the mass of blood. iVoodu-ard. 
 
 An animal fluid no ways excrementitious, mild, 
 elaborated, atid nutritious. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Excre'scence. \ n. s. [excresco, Lat.] 
 Excre'scency. J Somewhat growing 
 out of another without use, and contrary 
 to the common order of production ; pre- 
 ternatural production. 
 
 All beyond this is monstrous, 'tis out of nature, 
 'tis an excrescence, and not a living part of poetry. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 We have little more than the exerescencies of the 
 
 Spanish monarchy. Addison on the War. 
 
 They are the excrescences of our soul^ ; which, 
 
 like our hair and beards, look horrid or becomioL', 
 
 as we cut or let them grow. TatUr. 
 
 Tumours and exn-escences of plants, out of which 
 
 fenerally issues a fly or a worm, are at first made 
 y such insects which wound the tender buds. 
 
 Bentky. 
 
 Excke'scent. adj. [excresccns, Lat.] 
 
 That wliich grows out of another with 
 
 preternatural superfluity. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 E X C 
 
 Expunge the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts 
 Of all, our vices have created arts ; 
 Then see how little the remaining sum. 
 Which scrv'd the p»st, and must the times to 
 conic. Pope. 
 
 Excretion, n. s. [excretio, Lat] 
 
 1. Separation of animal substance; ejecting 
 somewhat quite out of the body, as of 
 no further use, which is called excre- 
 ment. Quinci/. 
 
 The symptoms of the ejcrelion of the bile viti- 
 ated, are a yellowish skin, white hard faces, loss 
 of appetite, and lixivial urine. Arbulh. on Alim, 
 
 2. The thing excemed. 
 
 ' The moss from apple-trees is little better than 
 an eicretion. Bacon. 
 
 Excretive, adj. excretus, Lat.] Having 
 the power of separating and ejecting 
 excrements. 
 
 A dimiimiion of the body happens l)y the fi- 
 crrtiie faculty, eicerning and evacuatnig more 
 than necessary. Haney on Consumptions. 
 
 Excretory, adj. [from ejrcre/ ion.] Hav- 
 ing the quality of separating and eject- 
 ing superfluous parts. 
 
 E'xcretory. n.s. The instrument of 
 excretion. 
 
 Kxcretories of the body are nothing but slender 
 slips of the arteries, deriving an appropriated 
 juice from the blood. Cheyne. 
 
 ExcRu'ciABLE. adj. [from excruciate.] 
 Liable to torment. Diet. 
 
 To EXCRUCL\TE. r. a. [excrucio, Lat.] 
 To torture ; to torment. 
 
 And liere my heart long time excruciate. 
 Amongst the leaves I rested all that night. CAopra. 
 
 Leave them, as long as they keep their hard- 
 ness and impenitent hearts, to those knawing and 
 excruciating fears, those whips of tlie Divine Ne- 
 mesis, that frequently scourge even atheists them- 
 selves. Bentley. 
 
 Excuba'tion. n. s. [excubatio, Lat.] The 
 act of watching all night. Diet. 
 
 To Excu'lpate. I', a. [f.rand culpo, Lat.] 
 To clear from the imputation of a fault. 
 
 A'good child will not seek Xo exculpate herself at 
 the expence of the most revered characters, C/arissa. 
 
 T<f Excu'r. v. n. To pass beyond limits. 
 A word not used. 
 
 His disease was an asthma, oft excnrring to an 
 orthopnceia ; the cause, a translation of tartarous 
 humours from his joints to his lungs. Haney. 
 
 Excu'rsion. n. s. [excursion, Fr. ex- 
 ctirro, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of deviating from the stated or 
 settled path ; a ramble. 
 
 'ITie muse whose early voice you taught to sing, 
 Prescrib'd her heights, and prun'd her tender 
 
 wing; 
 Her guide now lost, no more attempts to rise. 
 But in low numbers short excursions tries. Pope. 
 
 2. An expedition into some distant part. 
 
 Tile mind extends its thoughts often beyond 
 the utmost expansion of matter, and makes excur- 
 sions into that incomprehensible. Locke. 
 
 3. Progression beyond fixetl limits. 
 
 I'he causes of those great eicursiotis of the sea- 
 sons into the extremes of cold and heat, are very 
 obscure. .-irbuthnot mi Air. 
 
 i. Digression ; ramble from a subject. 
 
 Expect not that I should big pardon fur this ex- 
 cursion, 'till I ililnk it a digress^iun, to insist on the 
 blessedness of Christ in heaven. 
 
 BoyU's Seraph. Lore. 
 
 I am too weary to allow myself any excursion 
 from the main design. Attcrbury. 
 
 Excu'rsive. adj. [from txciirro, Lai.] 
 Rambling ; wandering ; deviating. 
 
 But why so far excursive, when at hand 
 fair-hauded Spring unbosoms every grace? Tkcm. 
 
 E X C 
 
 Excusable, adj. [from excuse.] Par- 
 donable ; that for whicli some excuse or 
 apology may be admitted. 
 
 'Jhough he were already slept into the winter of 
 his age, he found himself warm in those desire*, 
 which were in his son far more eicus'itile. Sidney. 
 
 Learned men arc eicutabte in particulars, wltero 
 upon our salvation deiK-ndeth uoL iidiUigh's Hist. 
 
 Not only tliat ; 
 That were etcuial/le, that and thousands more 
 Of semhiable import. ihakesp. Ant. and LUop. 
 
 For his internieddliiig with arms he is the more 
 excusable, because many others of his coat are com- 
 manders. Howei. 
 
 Before the Gospel, impciiitency was mocli more 
 excusable, because men were ignorant. Titlotton. 
 
 Excu'sableness. n.s. [from exaisable.] 
 Pardonableness ; capability to be ex- 
 cused. 
 
 It may satisfy others of the excusablenev of my 
 dissatisfaction, to peruse the ensuing relation 
 
 BoyU. 
 
 Excusa'tion. n. s. [from excuse.] Ex- 
 cuse ; plea ; apology. 
 
 Prefaces, exctiiatiems, and other speeches of re- 
 ference to the person, though tliey seem to pro- 
 ceed of modesty, they are bravery. Bacons Kaay$. 
 Goodness tu*bc admired, tliat'it refuted nut his 
 argument in tlie punishment of his excusatian. 
 
 Broicn. 
 
 Excu'sATORY. adj. [from excuse.] Plead- 
 ing excuse ; apologetical ; making apo- 
 logy. 
 
 To EXCUSE, f. a. [excuso, Lat.] 
 
 1. To extenuate by apology. 
 
 Bad men excuse tbeii faults, good men will 
 leave them ; 
 He acts the third crime that defends the first. 
 
 Bell Jonson, 
 
 2. To disengage from an obligation ; re- 
 mit attendance. 
 
 I have bought a piece of ground, and I roust 
 needs go and see it : I pray thee have me excustd. 
 
 Luke. 
 
 Laud attended throughout that whole journey, 
 which he was not obliged to do, and no doubt 
 would have been excused from it. Clarendon. 
 
 3. To remit ; not to exact ; as, to excuse a 
 forfeiture. 
 
 4. To weaken or molli^'obligation to any 
 thing ; to obtain remission. 
 
 Nor could the real danger of leaving Oieir 
 dwellings to go up to the temple, excuse their 
 journey. Souths 
 
 5. To pardon by allowing an apology. 
 
 O, thou, whoe'er thou art, excuse the force 
 These men have us'd ; and O befriend our ooursc I 
 
 Addison, 
 Excuse some courtly strains ; 
 No whiter page than Addison's remains. Pope. 
 
 6. To throw off imputation by a feigned 
 
 rhiiik you that we eiciue ourselves mito you ? 
 
 iCor. xii. 
 
 7. To justify ; to vindicate. This sense is 
 rare. 
 .•Vccusinp or else excuang one another. Rom. 
 Excuse, n. s. [fi-om the verb. The last 
 syllable of the verb is sounded as if 
 written cxcuzc, that of the noun with the 
 natural sound.] 
 I. Plea offered in extenuation ; apology. 
 I was set upon bv some of your servant*, whom 
 ttecaiise I have in niy just defence evil entreated, 
 1 came to make my 'excuse to you. Sidney, 
 
 Be gone, I will not hear thy* vain excuse ; 
 
 But, as thou lov'st thy life, make sp«ed from 
 
 hence. Shake^. 
 
 As good success admits no examination, so the 
 
 contrary allows of no excuse, how reasonable or 
 
 just soever. Rakigk. 
 
 4 P «57
 
 EXE 
 
 We find out some eiciae or other for referring 
 good resolutions, 'till our intended retreat is cut 
 
 off by death. _ _ Addison. 
 
 2. The act of excusing or apologising. 
 
 Heaven put it in thy mind to take it hence, 
 That thou niight'st win the more thy fatlier's love, 
 Pleading so wisely in eaci/seof it. ohak. Hen. 1\ . 
 
 3. Cause for which one is excused. 
 
 Let no vain hope your easy mind seduce ; 
 For rich ill poets are without excuse. Roscommon. 
 
 Nothing but love this |iaticnce could produce ; 
 And 1 allow your rage that kind excuse. Dryden. 
 
 Excu'SELESS. adj. [from excuse.'] That 
 for which no excuse or apology can be 
 given. 
 The voluntary enslaving myself is excuseless. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 ExcusER. n.s. [from excuse.'] 
 
 1. One who pleads for another. 
 
 In vain would his eicuser^ endeavour to palliate 
 his enormities, by imputing them to madness. 
 
 Swi/'t. 
 
 2. One who forgives another. 
 
 To EXCUSS. v.a. [excussus, Lat.] To 
 seize and detain by law. 
 
 The person of a man ought not, by the civil 
 law, to be taken for a debt,"unless his goods and 
 estate has been first excussed. Ayliff'e's Parergon. 
 
 Excu'ssioN. n. s. [excussiu, Lat.] Seizure 
 by law. 
 
 If upon anexciission there are not goods to satisfy 
 the judgment, his body may be atlaclied. Aydjje. 
 
 E'xKCVlABh^. adj .[cxecrabilis, Lat.] Hate- 
 ful ; detestable ; accursed ; abominable. 
 
 For us to change that which he hath established, 
 they hold it execrable pride and presumption. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Of tlie visible church of Jesus Christ those may 
 be, in respect of their outward profession ; wlio, in 
 regard of their inward disposition, are most wor- 
 thily both hateful in the sight of God himself, and 
 in the eyes of the sounder parts of the visible 
 church most execrable. Hooher. 
 
 Give sentence on this erecra^/e wretch. 
 That hath been breeder of these dire events. SItak. 
 
 When exea'ahle Troy in ashes lay, 
 Througii fires, and swords, and seas, they forc'd 
 their w.iy. Dryden. 
 
 E'XECRABLY. adv. [from execrahle.] 
 Cursedly abominably. 
 
 'Tis fasti.in all, 'tis execrably bad ; 
 But if they will be fools, must you be mad ? Dryd. 
 
 To EXECRATE, v.a. [execror, Lat.] 
 To curse ; to imprecate ill upon ; to 
 abominate. 
 
 Estitictionof some tyranny, by the indignation 
 of a people, makes way fur some form contrary to 
 tliat which they lately execrated and detested. 
 
 Temple, 
 Execra'tion. n. s. [froin execrate.] 
 Curse; imprecation of evil. 
 
 IMischancc and sorrow go along with you. 
 And threefold vengeance tend upon your steps ! 
 — Cease, gentle queen, these execrations. Shakep. 
 
 For this we may thank Adam ! but his thanks 
 Shall be the execration. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 The Iridians, at naming the devU, did spit on 
 the ground in token of execration. StiUiugfiect. 
 
 To EXECT. V. a. [execo, Lat.] To cut 
 out ; to cut away. 
 
 Were it not for the effusion of blood which 
 would f illow an exection, the liver might not only 
 be exectedt but its office supplied by the spleen 
 and other parts. Harvey on Consumptions. 
 
 Exe'ction. n. s. [from exect.] The act 
 
 of cutting out. See EXECT. 
 To E'XECUTE. v. a. [exequor, Lat.] 
 1. To perforai; to practise. 
 
 Against all the gods of Egypt 1 will execute 
 judgment. £ioiiiis. 
 
 EXE 
 
 He casts ijito the balance the promise of a re- 
 ward 10 such as should execute, and of punishment 
 to such as should neglect tlieir commission. South. 
 
 2. To put in act; to do what is planned or 
 determined. 
 
 Men may not devise laws, but are bound for 
 ever to use and execute those which God hath de- 
 livered. Hooker. 
 
 1'he government here is so regularly disposed, 
 that it almost executes itself. Swift. 
 
 Absalom pronounced sentence of death against 
 his brother, and had it executed too. Locke. 
 
 3. To put to death according to form of 
 justice; to punish capitally. 
 
 Fitzosborn was executed under him, or discarded 
 into foreign service for a pretty shadow of exile- 
 ment. Spenser. 
 
 Sir William Bremingham was executed for trea- 
 son. Dailies. 
 
 O Tyburn, could'st tliou reason and dispute, 
 Could st thou but judge as well as execute, 
 How often would'st thou change the felon's doom. 
 And truss some stern chief justice in his room ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To put to death ; to kill. 
 
 The treacherous Fastolfe wounds my peace. 
 Whom with niy bare fists I would execute. 
 If 1 now had liim. Shahesp. Henry VI. 
 
 To Execute, v. n. To perform the 
 proper office. 
 
 The cannon against St. Stephen's gate executed 
 so well, that the portcullis and gate were broken, 
 and entry opened into the city. Sir J. Hayward. 
 E'xECUTER. n.s. [from execute.] 
 
 1. He that performs or executes any thing. 
 
 My sweet mistress 
 Weeps when she sees me work, and says such 
 
 baseness 
 Had ne'er like executer. Sliak. 
 
 Sophocles and Euripides, in their most beauti- 
 fnl pieces, are impartial exccuters of poetick jus- 
 tice. Dennis. 
 
 2. He that is intrusted to perform the will 
 of a testator. In this sense the accent 
 is on the second syllable. 
 
 Let's chuse executers, and talk of wills ; 
 And yet not so ; for what can we bequeatli? Shak. 
 
 3. An executioner; one who puts others to 
 Death. Disused. 
 
 The sad-ey'd justice with his surly hum 
 Delivers o'er to executers pale 
 'The lazy yawning drone. Shak. Henry V. 
 
 Exe'cutership. 71. s. [from executer.] 
 The office of him that is appointed to 
 perform the will of the defunct. 
 
 For fishing for testaments and executerships it is 
 worse, by how much men submit themselves to 
 mean persons, than in service. Bacon. 
 
 Execu'tion. n. s. [from execute.] 
 
 1. Performance; practice. 
 
 U'hen things are come to the execution, there is 
 no secrecy comparable to celerity. Bacons Essays. 
 
 I wish no better 
 Than have him hold that purpose, and to put ii 
 In execution. Shakep. Cariolanus. 
 
 I like thy counsel ; and how well 1 like it. 
 The execution of it shall make known. Shakesp. 
 
 The excellency of the subject contributed much 
 to the liappiness of the execution. Dryden. 
 
 2. The last act of the law in civil causes, 
 by which possession is given of body or 
 goods. 
 
 Sir Richard was committed to the Fleet in exe- 
 cution for the whole si.t thousand pounds. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 3. Capital punishment; death inflicted by 
 forms of law. 
 
 Good rest. 
 —As wretches have o'er night. 
 That wait for execution in the morn. Shakesp. 
 
 I have seen. 
 When, after execution, judgment hath 
 Repented o'er his doom. Shakesp. 
 
 EXE 
 
 Laws support those crimes they checkt before. 
 And executions now atVright no raort;. Creech. 
 
 4. Destruction; slaughter. 
 
 Brave Macbeth, with his brimdish'd steel. 
 Which smok'd witli bloody execution, 
 Carv'd out his passage. Shak. 
 
 Tile execution had been too cruel, and far ejc- 
 ceeding the bounds of ordinary hostility. Hayw. 
 
 5. It is used with the verb do. 
 
 When the tongue is the weapon, a man may 
 strike where he cannot reach, and a word shall 
 do execution both further and deeper than the 
 niigtitiest blow. South. 
 
 Shijts of such height and strength, that his ves- 
 sels could do no execution upon them. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Execu'tioner. n.s. [from execution.] 
 
 1. He that puts in act, or executes ; in this 
 sense executer is now more used. 
 
 It is a comfort to the executiojiers of this office, 
 when they consider that they cannot be guilty of 
 oppression. Bacon. 
 
 The heart of every man was in the hand of God, 
 and he could have made them executioners of his 
 wrath upon one another. ]Voodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 In this case every man liatii a right to punish 
 the offeuder, aad be the executioner of the law of 
 nature. Locke. 
 
 2. He that inflicts capital punishment; he 
 that puts to death according to the sen- 
 tence of the law. 
 
 He, horn of tlie greatest blood, submitted him- 
 self to be servant to the executioner that should put 
 to death Musidorus. Sidney. 
 
 The deluge was not sent only as an executioner 
 to mankind, but its prime errand was to reform 
 the earth. Woodward. 
 
 3. He that kills ; he that iiiurthcrs. 
 
 Is not the causer of the timeless deaths. 
 As blameful as the executioner ? Shakesp. 
 
 I would not be thy executioner : 
 I fly thee, for I would not injure thee j 
 Thou tell'st me there is murder in mine eyes. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. The instrument by which any thing is 
 performed. 
 
 All along 
 The walls , abominable ornaments ! 
 Are tools of wrath, anvils of torments hung. 
 Fell executioners of foul intents. Crashaw. 
 
 Exe'cutive. adj. [&om execute,] 
 
 1. Having the quality of executing or per- 
 forming. 
 
 They are the nimblest, agil, strongest instru- 
 ments, fittest to be executive of the commands of 
 the souls. Hale. 
 
 2. Active ; not deliberative ; not legislative ; 
 having the power to put in act the laws. 
 
 T'he Roman emperors were possessed of the 
 whole legislative as well as executioe power. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Hobbes confounds the executive with the legis- 
 lative power, though all well instituted states have 
 ever placed them in ditTerent hands. Swift. 
 
 Exe'cutrix. n. s. [from execute.] A 
 woman intrusted to perform the will of 
 
 the testator. 
 
 He did, after the death of the earl, buy of his 
 executrix the remnant of the term. Bacon, 
 
 Exege'sis. n. s. [11^71)171;.] An explana- 
 tion. 
 
 Exege'tical. adj. [s^ny^Tix'©'.] Expla- 
 natory ; expository. 
 
 I have liere and there interspersed some critical 
 and some exegcticxl notes, fit for learners to know, 
 and not unfit for some teachers to read. Walker. 
 
 Exe'mplar. n. s. [exemplar, Lat.] A 
 pattern ; an example to be imitated. 
 
 The idea and exemplar of the world was first in 
 God. Raleigh. 
 
 They began at a known body, a barleycorn, the 
 weight whereof is therefore called a grain; which 
 
 658
 
 EXE 
 
 arisctli, being multiplied to scruples, drachms, 
 
 ounces, and pounds, aud then those weights, as 
 they happen to take them. are fixed by authority, 
 aud exemplars of thcnj puhlickly ke[)t. HoUler. 
 
 If he intends to murder his prince, as Cromwell 
 did, he must persuade him that he resolves nothing 
 but his .safety ; as the same grand exemplar hypo- 
 crisy did before. South. 
 
 Best poet! fit exemplar (ot the tribe 
 Of Phoebus. Philips, 
 
 Exe'mplarily. adv. [from exemplary.'] 
 
 1. In such a manner as deserves imitation. 
 She is eiemnlariixi loyal ina hi;^h exact obedience. 
 
 Hou-el. 
 
 2. In such a manner as may warn others. 
 
 Some he punisheth exemptarily in this world, 
 that we might from thence have a taste or elimpsc 
 of his future justice. Hakewill. 
 
 If he liad shut the commons house, whilst their 
 ciiampioiis were exemplarilxf punished, their juris- 
 diction wuuld probably in a short time have been 
 brought within due limits. Clarendon. 
 
 Exe'mplariness.7/.5. [from f .r^m/?/ffr^.] 
 State of standing as a pattern to be 
 copied. 
 
 In Scripture we find several titles given to Christ, 
 which import his exemplariness as of a prince and 
 a captain, a master and a guide. TUlotson. 
 
 Exe'mplary. adj, [from exemplar.'] 
 
 1. Such as may deserve to be proposed to 
 imitation, -whether persons or things. 
 
 The arciibisliops and bishops have the govern- 
 ment of tlie church : be not 3'ou the mean to pre- 
 fer any to those piace^i*, but only for their learning, 
 gravity, and worth : their lives and doctrine ought 
 to be eiemplary. Bacon. 
 
 If all tliese were eiempiarij in the conduct of 
 their lives, religion would receive a mighty encou- 
 ragement. Swi/'t. 
 
 2. Such as may give warning to others. 
 
 Had the tumults been repressed by exemplary 
 justice, 1 had obtained all that I designed. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 3. Such as may attract notice and imita- 
 tion. 
 
 Awaking therefore, as wholon^ had dreara'd, 
 Much of my women and their go3s asham'd. 
 From this abyss of exemplary vice 
 Resolv'd, as time might aid my thought, to rise. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 When any duty is fallen under a general disuse 
 and neglect, in such a case the most visible andfx- 
 emplary performance is required. Ecigcrs. 
 
 Exemplifica'tion. w. s. [from exem- 
 plifi/.] A copy ; a transcript. 
 
 An ambassador of Scotland demanded an exetn- 
 pl'Jication of the articles of peace. Hayward. 
 
 A love of vice as such, a deligliting in sin for 
 its own sake, is in imitation, or ratlicr an exempli- 
 fication of the malice of the devil. South. 
 
 To Exemplify, v. a, [h-oin exemplar,] 
 
 1. To illustrate by example. 
 
 This might be eicmplijied even by Jieaps of 
 rites and customs, now superstitious in the greatest 
 part of the Cliristi.in world. liookn-. 
 
 Our author has exemplified his precepts in the 
 very precepts themselves'. Spectator. 
 
 A satire may be exemplified by pictures, cha- 
 racters, and examples. Pope. 
 
 2. To transcribe; to copy: in the juridical 
 sense, to take an attested copy. 
 
 To EXE'MPT. r. a. [cxemptus, Lat.] To 
 privilege; to grant immunity from. 
 
 Things done well. 
 And with a care, exempt themselves from fear : 
 Things done without example, iu their issue 
 Are to be fear*d. Shakesit. 
 
 The religious were not exempted, but fought 
 among the other soldiers. 
 
 Knolles's Histonj of the Turks. 
 
 The emperors exempted them from all taxes, to 
 which they subjected merchants without excep- 
 ^n. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 EXE 
 
 Exempt, adj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Free by privilege. 
 
 Be it my wrimg you are from me exempt ; 
 But wrong not that wrong with a mere contempt. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 An abbot cannot, without the corisent of his 
 convent, subject a monastery to an^', frorn whose 
 jurisdiction such monastery was exempted. Ayli£e. 
 
 2. Not subject ; not liable to. 
 
 Do not once hope, that thou canst tempt 
 A spirit so resolved to tread 
 
 Uj)on thy throat, and live exempt 
 From all the nets that thou canst spread. B.Jonson. 
 
 No man, not even the most powerful among the 
 sons of men, is txempt from the chances of human 
 life. Atterbury. 
 
 The god constrains the Greek to roam, 
 A hopeless exile from his native borne, 
 From death alone exempt. Pirpe*s Odyssey. 
 
 3. Clear ; not included. 
 
 His dreadful imprecation hear; 
 'Tis laid on ail, not any one exempt. Lee^s Oedipus. 
 
 4. Cut off from. Disused. 
 
 AVas not thy father for treason 'headed ? 
 And by his treasoti stand'st not thou attainted. 
 Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry ? 
 
 Shake&p. 
 
 Exe'mption. w. 5. [from exempt.] Im- 
 munity ; privilege from evil ; freedom 
 from imposts or burdensome employ- 
 ments. 
 
 The like exemption hath the writ to enquire of 
 a man's death, which also must be granted freely. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The Koman laws gave particular exemptions to 
 such as built ships or traded in corn. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Exempti'tious. adj. [from exemptus, 
 Lat.] Separable; that which may be 
 taken from another. 
 
 If the motion were loose or excmptitious from 
 matter, I could be convinced that it had extension 
 of its own. More. 
 
 To ExENTERATE. r. ff. [exenfero, Lat.] 
 
 To embowel ; to deprive of the entrails. 
 
 A toad contains not those urinary parts which 
 are found in other animals to avoid that serous ex- 
 cretion, which may appear unto any that eiente- 
 ratcs or dissects them. Brou'n. 
 
 Exentera'tion. n.s. [exenteratw^hai.] 
 
 The act of taking out the bowels ; em- 
 bowelling. 
 
 Belonius not only affirms that chamellons feed 
 on flies, caterpillars, beetles, and other insects, 
 but upon exenteration he found these animals in 
 their bellies. Brown. 
 
 E'xEQuiAL. adj, [from exequhe, Lit.] 
 Funeral ; relating to funerals. Diet. 
 
 E'XEQUIES. 71. s. without a singular, [cx- 
 equia^j Lat.] Funeral rites; the cere- 
 mony of burial ; the procession of burial. 
 For this word obsequies is often used, 
 but not so properly. 
 
 Let's n-^t forget 
 The noble Duke of Bedford late deccas'd. 
 But see his exequies fulliil'd in Roan. Shakcsp. 
 
 The tragical end of the two broUicrs, whose 
 exequies the nest successor had leisure to perform. 
 
 Drifdcn. 
 Exe'rcent. adj. [exereens, Lat.] Prac- 
 tising; folloAving any calling or voca- 
 tion. 
 
 The judge may oblige every e^crcent advocate to 
 give his patrona^'e and assistance uuio a litigant 
 »n distress fur want of an advocate. Aut. 
 
 E XERCISE. n. $. [exerciiium, Lat.] 
 
 I . Labour of the body ; labour considered 
 
 as conducive to the cure or prevention 
 
 of diseases. 
 
 EXE 
 
 Men ought (0 beware that they use m>t eieroH 
 and a spare diet both ; but if mucri cjerrts*', a plen- 
 tiful diet ; if sparing diet, liltic etereixe. Bacon^ 
 
 The wise for cure on exercise depend : 
 God never made his work for man to mend. Dryd. 
 
 He is exact in prescibing the exercises of hi* 
 
 patient?, ordering some of iheiu to walk ciglity 
 
 stadia iu a day, nbich is about niiic English miles. 
 
 Arbuthsuft on Cmns. 
 
 The purest erercise of health, 
 The kind refresher of the Summer heats. Thomson. 
 
 -2. Something done for amusement. 
 
 As a watchful king, he would not neglect hit 
 safety, thinking nevertheless to perform nil things 
 rather as an exercise than as a labour. Bacon. 
 
 3. Habitual action by which the body is 
 formed to gracefulness; air, and gentle- 
 ness. 
 
 He was strong of body, and so much the 
 stronger as he, by a Hell-disciplined exercise, 
 taught it bi>th to do and to sutler. Sidnep. 
 
 The French apply themselves more aniversallv 
 to their exercises inan any nation : one seldom sees 
 a young gentleman that does not fence, dance, 
 ancl ride. Addison. 
 
 4. Preparatory practice in order to skill : 
 as, the exercise of soldiers. 
 
 5. Use; actual application of any thing. 
 
 The sceptre of spiritual regimen over us io this 
 present world, is at the length to be yielded up 
 into the hands of the Father which gave It; that 
 is, the use and exercise thereof shall cease, there 
 being no longer on earth any militant church to 
 govern. Hooker. 
 
 6. Practice ; outward performance. 
 
 Lewis refused even those of the church of Eng- 
 land, who followed their master to St. Germain 5, 
 the publick exercise of their religion. Addison. 
 
 7. Employment frequently repeated. 
 
 The learning of the situation and boundaries of 
 kingdoms, beni" only an exercise of the eves and 
 memory, a child with pleasure will learn them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Children, by the exercise of their senses about 
 objects that affect them in the womb, receive 
 some few ideas before they are born. Locke. 
 
 Exercise is very alluring and entertaining to the 
 understanding, while its reasoning powers are em- 
 ployed without labour. Watts. 
 
 Q. Task ; that which one is appointed to 
 
 perform. 
 
 Patience is more oft the exercise 
 Of saints, the trial of their fortitude 
 Making them each his own deliverer, 
 And victor over all 
 That tyranny or fortune can inflict. Milton. 
 
 9. Act of divine worship, •« hether publick 
 or private. 
 
 Gtiod sir John, 
 I 'm in your debt for your last exercise : 
 Come the next Sabbath, and I wiU content jou. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Exercise, r. a. [exerceo, Lat.] 
 
 1, To employ; to engage in employment. 
 
 This faculty of the mind, when it is exercised 
 immediately aU^ut things, is called judgment. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. To tram by use to any act. 
 
 The Roman tongue was the study of their 
 youth: it was their own language they were in- 
 structed and eiercKvd in. Lockt. 
 
 S. To make skilful or dexterous by prac- 
 tice ; to habituate. 
 
 Strong meat bclongeth to them who, by reason 
 of use, have their senses exercised to discern both 
 good and evil. Hebr. 
 
 Reason, by its own penetration, where it is 
 strong and exercised, usually sees quicker and 
 clearer without syilogisoi. Locke, 
 
 And now the goddess, exercis'd in ill, 
 Wlio watch *d an hour to work her impious will. 
 Ascends the roof. Drydens S.neidm 
 
 659
 
 EXE 
 
 4. To busy ; to keep busy. 
 
 He will exercise liin)self with pleasure, and witli 
 out weariness, in that godlike eniploymciit of 
 doing good. Atterburt/. 
 
 5. To task; to keep employed as a penal 
 injunction. 
 
 Sore travel hatli God given to the sons of man, 
 to he exercised tlierewith, EccL 1. 13. 
 
 Where pain of unextinguishable fire 
 Must exercise us without hope of end. Milton, 
 
 6. To practise ; to perform. 
 
 A man's body is confined to a place; where 
 friendship is, all offices are granted to him and his 
 deputy : tor he may exercise them bv his friend. 
 
 liacon's Essays, 
 
 Aloe's cliief arts, and arms, are tn grow wise ; 
 Virtue to know, and, known, to exercise, Denham, 
 
 7. To exert; to put in use. 
 
 Tile princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion 
 over iheni, and they that are great exercise autho- 
 rity upon them. _ Matt, xx. 
 
 Their consciences oblige them to submit to (hat 
 dominion wliich their governours bad a right to 
 exercise over them. Locke. 
 
 8. To practise or use in order to habitual 
 skill. 
 
 'I'o you sucli scabb'd harsh fruit is given, as raw 
 Yoinig soldiers at their eiercisings gnaw. Dryden, 
 
 Mean wjiile I'll draw up my Numidian troop 
 Within the square, to eiercise" their arms. Addison, 
 
 To Exercise, i'. w. To use exercise; to 
 labour for health or for amusement. 
 
 Tiie Lacedemonians were remarkable for the 
 sport, and Alexander the Great frequently exer- 
 cised at it. _ Broome, 
 
 Exerciser, n.s. [from cxei-cise.] He 
 
 that directs or uses exercise. Diet. 
 
 Exercita'tion. n.s. [exercitatio, Ltit.] 
 
 1. Exercise. 
 
 It were some extenuation of the curse, if in 
 sudore vultus tui were confinable unto corporeal 
 exercitations. Brown. 
 
 2. Practice ; use. 
 
 By frequent exercitations we form tliem within 
 us. Felton. 
 
 To EXE'RT. r. a. [exero, Lat.] 
 
 1. To use tvith an effort; to use with ar- 
 dour and vehemence. 
 
 When the service of Britain requires your cou- 
 rage and conduct, you may exert them both. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Whate'er I am, each faculty, 
 The utmost power of my exerted soul. 
 Preserves a being only for your service. Rowe. 
 
 2. To put forth ; to perforin. 
 
 When tlie will has exerted an act of command 
 upon any faculty of the soul, or member of the 
 body, it" has done all that the whole man, as a 
 moral agent, can do for the actual exercise or em- 
 ployment of such a faculty or member. Soutii. 
 
 3. To enforce ; to push to an effort. With 
 the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still ; 
 Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden, 
 
 4. To bring out. 
 
 The several parts lay hidden in the piece. 
 Til' occasion but exerted that or this. Dryden, 
 
 5. To emit ; to push out ; to put forth. 
 
 The orchard loves to wave 
 With Winter winds, before the gems exert 
 Their feeble heads. _ _ , PIdlips, 
 
 The stars, no longer overlaid with weight. 
 Exert their heads from underneath the mass. 
 And upward shoot and kindle as they pass. 
 And with diffusive light adorn the heavenly place. 
 
 Di-yden. 
 
 Exe'rtion. n. s. [fi'om exert.] The act 
 
 of exerting ; effort. 
 Exe'sion. n. s. [exesns, Lat.] The act 
 
 of eating through. 
 Theopbrastus denieth the exesion or forcing of 
 
 vipers through the belly of the dam. Broicn. 
 
 E X H 
 
 Exestua'tion. n. s. [excestuo, Lat.] The 
 state of boiling ; tumultuous heat ; effer- 
 vescence; ebullition. 
 
 Saltpetre is in operation a cold body : physi- 
 cians and chymists give it in fevers, to allay the 
 inward eiesluatvms of the blood and humours. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 To Exfo'li ate. v. n. \ex and folium, Lat.] 
 
 To shell off; to separate, as a corrupt 
 
 bone from the sound part. A term of 
 
 chirurgery. 
 
 Our work went on successfully, the bone ex- 
 foliating from the edges. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Exfolia'tion. n. s. [from exfoliate.] 
 The process by which tlie corrupted 
 part of the bone separates from the 
 sound. 
 
 If the boue be dressed, the flesh will soon arise 
 in that cut of the bone, and make exjoliation of 
 what is necessary, and incarn it. Wisemans Surg. 
 
 Exfo'liative. adj. [from exfoliate.] 
 That which has the power of procuring 
 exfoliation. 
 
 Dress the bone with the milder exfoliatives, 'till 
 the burnt bone is cast off. Wiseman's Surgery, 
 
 Exha'lable. adj. [from exhale.] That 
 which may be evaporated or exhaled. 
 
 The tire may resolve some of the more spiritu- 
 ous and exhalahle parts, whereof distillation has 
 shewn rae that alabaster is not destitute, into va- 
 pours. Boyle, 
 
 Exhala'tion. ti. s. [exlialatio, Lat.] 
 \. The act of exhaling or sending out in 
 vapours; emission. 
 
 2. The state of evaporating or flying out 
 in vapours; evaporation. 
 
 3. That which rises in vapours, and some- 
 times takes the form of meteors. 
 
 No nat'ral exhalation in the sky, 
 No 'scape of nature, no distemper d day. 
 But they would pluck away its nat'ral cause. 
 And call them meteors, prodigies, and signs. 
 
 Shakcp. 
 
 Moving in so high a sphere, and with so vigo- 
 rous a lustre, he must needs, as the sun, raise 
 many envious exhalations; which, condensed by 
 a popular odium, are capable to cast a cloud upon 
 the brightest merit and integrity. King Charles, 
 
 A fabrick huge 
 Rose like an exhalation, with the sound 
 Of dulcet symphonies and voices sweet. Milton, 
 
 It is no wonder if the earth be often shaken, 
 there being quantities of exhalations within those 
 mines, or cavernous passages, that are capable of 
 rarefaction and inflammation. _ Burn. 
 
 The grinving tow'rs like exhalations rise. 
 And the liuge columns heave into the skies. Pope. 
 
 To EXHALE, v. a. [exhalo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To send or draw out in vapours or 
 fumes. 
 
 Yon light is not daylight, 1 know it well : 
 It is some meteor that the sun exhales. 
 To be to thee this night a torch-bearer. Shakesp, 
 
 I flattered myself with the hopes that the va- 
 pour had been exhaled. Temple, 
 
 Fear freezes minds ; but love like beat. 
 Exhales the soul sublime to seek her native seat. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To draw out. 
 
 See, dead Henry's wounds 
 Open their congeal'd mouths, and bleed afresh! 
 Blush, blosh, thou lump of foul deformity ; 
 For 'tis thy presence that eahales this blood 
 From cold and empty veins, where no blood 
 
 dwells! Shakesp. 
 
 ExH a'lement. 71. s. [from exhale.] Mat- 
 ter exhaled ; vapour. 
 
 Nor will polibh'd amber, although it send forth 
 a gross and corporeal exhalement, be found along 
 time defective upon the exactest scales. Brown. 
 
 EXH 
 
 To EXHA UST. v. a. 
 
 1. To drain ; to diminish ; to deprlveby 
 draining. 
 
 Single men be many times more charitable, be- 
 cause their means areless exhausted, Ba^m. 
 
 Spermatick matter of a vitious sort abounds in 
 the blood, ex/iat(S(sitof its best spirits, and derives 
 the flower of it to the seminal vessels. Wiseman, 
 
 2. To draw out totally; to draw 'till no- 
 thing is left. 
 
 Though the knowledge they have left us be 
 worth our study, yet they exhousted notall its trea- 
 sures : they left a great deal for the industry and 
 sagacity of after-ages. Locke. 
 
 The nursling grove 
 Seems fair awhile, chcrish'cT with foster earth ; 
 But when the alien compost is exhaust. 
 Its native poverty again prevails. Philips. 
 
 Exha'ustion. 71. s. [from exhaust,] The 
 act of drawing or draining. 
 
 Exiia'ustless. a<//. [h-om exhaust.] Not 
 to be emptied ; not to be all drawn off; 
 inexhaustible. 
 
 Of heat and light, what everduring stores 
 Brought from the sun's exhanstUss golden shores, 
 Througli gulphs immense of intervening air. 
 Enrich the earth and every loss repair. Blackm. 
 
 To EXHIBIT, t'. a. [exhibio, Lat] 
 
 1. To offer to view or use ; to offer or pro- 
 pose in a formal or publick manner. 
 
 If any claim redress of injustice, they should ex- 
 hibic their petitions in the street. Shakesp. 
 
 He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a 
 charge of high treason against the earl. Clarendon, 
 
 2. To show ; to display. 
 
 One of an unfortunate constitution is perpe- 
 tually exhibiting a miserable example of the weak- 
 nessof mind and body. Pope. 
 
 Exhi'biter. n. s. [from exhibit,] He 
 tliat offers any thing, as a petition or 
 charge, in a publick manner. 
 
 He seems indifferent. 
 Or rather swaying more upon our part. 
 Than cherishiiig th' exhibiters against us. Shakesp, 
 
 Exhibi'tion. n.s. [from exhibit.] 
 
 1. The act of exhibiting ; display; setting 
 forth. 
 
 What are all mechanick works, but the sensible 
 exhibition of niathcmatick demonstrations ? Grew. 
 
 2. Allowance ; salary ; pension : it is much 
 used for pensions allowed to scholars at 
 the university. 
 
 I crave fit disposition for my ™ife> 
 Due preference of place an;! exhibition. 
 As levels with her breeding. Shakesp. 
 
 What maintenance he from his friends receives. 
 Like exhibition thou shalt have from me. Shakesp. 
 
 All was assigned to the army and garrisons 
 there, and she received only a pension or exhibition 
 out of his coffers. Bacon. 
 
 He is now neglected, and driven to live in exile 
 upon a small exhibition. Swij't. 
 
 3. Payment ; recompence. 
 
 I would not do such a thing for gowns, petti- 
 coats, nor caps, nor any petty exhibition. Shak. 
 Exhi'bitive. adj. [from exhibit.] Re- 
 presentative ; displaying. 
 
 Truths must have an efernal existence in soma 
 understanding ; or rather, they are the same with 
 that understanding itself, considered as variously 
 exhiliitire or representative, according to various 
 modes of inimitability or participation. Norris, 
 
 To EXHrLAR.\TE. v. a. [exhilaro.Lat.] 
 To make cheerful ; to cheer; to fill with 
 mirth ; to enliven ; to glad ; to gladden. 
 
 The coming into a fair garden, the coming into 
 a fair room richly furnished, a beautiful person, 
 and the like, do delight and exhilarate the spirits 
 much. Bacon's Nat. Mist. 
 
 660
 
 E X I 
 
 The force of that fallacious fruit, 
 That with eihilaratmg vapuurs bland 
 About their spirits had play'd, and inmost now rs 
 Made err, was now exhald. Milton. 
 
 Let them thank 
 Boon nature, that thus annually supplies 
 Their vaults, a:id with her former liquid gifts 
 Er/ii/arates their languid minds, within 
 The golden mean confin'd. -' hiUps. 
 
 Exhilara'tion. U.S. [from exhilaratt.] 
 
 1. The act of giving gaiety. 
 
 2. The state of being enlivened. 
 
 EihiUiration hath some affinity with joy, thougli 
 it be a much lighter motion. Bacon. 
 
 To EXHORT. V. a. [exhortor, Lat.] To 
 incite by words to any good action. 
 
 We beseech you, and eihort you by tlie Lord 
 Jesus, that as you have received of us, how you 
 ought to walk, so ye would abound. Tltess. 
 
 My duty is to eihort you to consider the dig- 
 nity of that holy mystery. Cimimon I'raytr. 
 
 Designing or exhorting glorious war. Millm 
 
 Exhort a'tion. n.s. [from exhort.] 
 
 1. The act of exhorting; incitement to 
 
 good. 
 
 If we will not encourage publick beneficence 
 'till we are secure that no storm shall overturn 
 what we help to build, there is no room for eihor- 
 tations to charity. Atterhurif. 
 
 2. The form of words by which one is 
 exhorted. 
 
 I'll end my exhortation after dinner. Shakesj). 
 
 Exho'rtatory. adj. [from e.rhorl.] 
 Tending to exhort. 
 
 Exho'rter. n. s. [from exhort.] One 
 who exhorts or encourages by words. 
 
 To EXrCCATE. V. a. [exsicco, Lat.] To 
 dry ; to dry up. Diet 
 
 Exicc a'tion. n.s. [(rom exicate.] Are- 
 faction ; act of drying up ; state of being 
 dried up. 
 
 What is more easily 'refuted than that old vul 
 gar assertion of an universal drought and exiccation 
 of the earth ? As if the sun could evaporate the 
 least drop of its moisture, so that it should never 
 descend again, but be attracted and elevated quite 
 out of the atmosphere. Bentl^y 
 
 Exi'ccATivE. adj. [from exiccate.] Drying 
 
 in quality ; having the power of drying. 
 
 Exigence. \^n. s. [This word is proba- 
 
 E'xiGENCY. J bly only a conniption of 
 
 exigents, vitiated by an unskilful pro 
 
 nunciation.] 
 
 1. Demand; want; need. 
 
 As men, we are at our own clioice, both for 
 time and place and form, according to the eil- 
 gence of our own occasions in private. Hooke 
 
 You have heard what the present condition and 
 exigencies of these several charities are. Atterbnrij. 
 
 While our fortunes exceed not the measure of 
 real convenience, and are adapted to the exigen- 
 cies of our station, we perceive the hand of Pro- 
 vidence in our gradual and successive supplies. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 2. Pressing necessity; distress; sudden 
 occasion. 
 
 This dissimulation in war may he called strata- 
 gem and conduct ; in other exigeiicies address a[id 
 deiterity. iJrooHie. 
 
 Now m such exigencies not to need, 
 IJpon my word you must be rich indeed ! 
 A noble superfluity it craves, 
 Not for yourself, fiut for your fools and knaves. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 E'xiGENT. n.s. [exigens, Lat.] 
 1 . Pressing business ; occasion that re- 
 quires immediate help. 
 
 E X I 
 
 In such an engent I see not how they could have 
 staid to deiiburate about anj other regiment than 
 that which already was devised to their hands. 
 
 Hooker, Preface. 
 
 The council ract, your guards to find you sent, 
 And know your pleasure ni this tiigent. Waller. 
 
 2. [A law term.] A writ used when the 
 defendant is not to be found, bein^r part 
 of the process leading to an outlawry. 
 Shakespeare uses it for an extremity. 
 
 Hanmc7\ 
 
 3. End. 
 
 Tliese eyes, like lamps whose wasting oil is spent, 
 Wax dim, as drawing to their eaige;it. Shakesp. 
 
 Exiguity. ?/. s, [exiguitas, Lat.] Small- 
 ness ; diminutiveness ; slenderness. 
 
 The eiiguituand sliape of the extant particles is 
 now su()poscd. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 Exi'guous. adj. [exiguus, Lat.] Small; 
 diminutive; little. Not used. 
 
 Their subtile pnrts and exiguous dose are con- 
 sumed and evaporated in less than two hours time. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 EXILE, n. s. [exilium^ Lat. It seems an- 
 ciently to have had the accent indiffer- 
 ently on either syllable : now it is uni- 
 formly on the first.] 
 
 1. Banishment; state of being banished 
 from one's countiy. 
 
 Our state of bodies would bewray what life 
 We've led since thy exile. Shakesp. 
 
 ^Velcome is exile, welcome were my death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Let them pronounce the steep Tarpeian death, 
 A'^agabond exile, flaying, pent to linger. 
 But with a grain of day, 1 would not buy 
 Their mercy at the price of one fair word. Shak. 
 
 2. The person banished. 
 
 O must the wretched exiles ever mourn. 
 Nor after lencth of rowling years return? Drydcn. 
 
 Ulysses, sole of all the victor train, 
 An exile from his dear paternal coast, 
 Deplor'd his absent queen, and empire lost. Pope. 
 
 Exi'le. adj. [exilis, Lat.] Small; slen- 
 der ; not full ; not powerful. Not in 
 use, except in philosophical writings. 
 
 It were good to enquire what means may be to 
 draw forth the exile heat which is in the air ; for 
 that may be a secret of great power to produce 
 cold weather. Bacon. 
 
 In a virginal, when the lid is down, it maketh a 
 more exile sound than when the lid is open. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To E'xiLE. v.a. [from the noun. This 
 had formerly the accent on the last syl- 
 lable, now generally on the first, though 
 Dri/dtn has used both.] To banish ; 
 to drive from a country ; to transport. 
 
 Call home our r.iifd friends abroad. 
 That fled the snares <^f watchful tyranny. Shak. 
 
 Foul subordination is predominant, 
 And equity exiCd^our highness' land. Shakesp. 
 
 For that oJlence, 
 Immediately we do exile him hence. Shak. 
 
 They, fettered with the bonds of a long night, 
 lay there exiled from the eternal Providence. 
 
 Wisd, xvii. 2. 
 His brutal manners from his breast exiCd, 
 His mein he fashion'd, and his tongue he fil 'd. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 Arms and the man I sine, who forc'd by fate, 
 And haughty Juno's unre^nting hate, 
 Expel'd and eiiCd, Dryden. 
 
 Exi'lement. 71. s, [fcom exile.] Banish- 
 ment. 
 
 Fitzosborn was discarded into foreign service 
 for a pretty shadow o( cxhilement. Wotton. 
 
 ExiLiTiON. n. s. [cxilido, Lat.] The 
 act of springing or rushing out suddenly. 
 
 E X 1 
 
 From saltpetre proceedeth the force and report 
 of gunpowder ; for sulphur and small-coal mill, 
 wiir not take fire witli noise or eiilttion; and 
 powder, which is made of impure and greasy 
 [letrc, hath but a weak emission, and gives hut a 
 taint report. Brou-n. 
 
 Exility, n.s. [exilis, Lat.] Slender- 
 ness ; smallness ; diminution. 
 
 Certain flies, called ephemera, live but a day ; 
 the cause is the exility of the spirit, or perhaps the 
 absence of the sun. Bacon. 
 
 i'ut exility of the voice, or other sounds, it i> 
 certain that the voice doth pass thiough solid and 
 hard bodies, if they be not too thick ; and thruugli 
 water, which is likewise a very close body, and 
 such an one as letteth not in air. Bacon. 
 
 A body, by being subtilized, can lose nothing 
 of its corporeity ; neitlier can it hereby gain any 
 thing but exility; for all degrees of subulit;sr are 
 essentially the same thing. Grew. 
 
 Exi'.MIOUS. adj. [eximius, Lat.] Famous; 
 eminent; conspicuous; excellent. Diet. 
 ExiNANl'TloN. n. s. [exinanitio, Lat.] 
 Privation ; loss. 
 
 He is not more impotent in his elory than he 
 was in his exinanition. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To EXIST, v.n. [miVo, Lat.] To be; 
 to have a being. 
 
 It is as easy to conceive that an Almighty 
 power might produce a thin^ out of nothing, and 
 make that to exist de noxo, w-liich did not exist be- 
 fore ; as lo conceive the world lo have had no be- 
 ginning, but to have existed from eternity. South. 
 
 It seems reasonable to enquire, how such a 
 multitude comes to make but one idea, since that 
 combination does not always exist together in na- 
 ture. Locke. 
 
 Oueyear is past, adilferent scene ! 
 No farther mention of tlie dean : 
 \Vho now, alas, no more is mist 
 Than if he never did catsf. Sicift. 
 
 Exi'sTENCE. 1 n. s. [existentia, low Lat.] 
 
 Exi'sTENCY. j State of being; actual 
 
 possession of" being. 
 
 Nor is only ihefiisftvici/of this animal consider- 
 able, but many things delivered thereof. Brou-n. 
 
 It is impossihle any beiu" can be eternal witjj 
 successive eternal physical changes, or variety of 
 states or manner oleiistency, naturally and neces- 
 sarily concomitant unto it." Hale. 
 
 The soul, secur'd in her existence, smiles 
 At the drawn dagger, and defies its point. Addis. 
 
 When a being ^s considered as possible, it is 
 said to have an essence or nature: such were af 
 things before the creation. When it is considered 
 as actual, then it is said to have existence also. 
 
 Wain. 
 
 Exi'sTENT. adj. [from exist.] Having 
 being ; in possession of being or of ex- 
 istence. 
 
 AVhatsoever sign the sun possessed, whose re- 
 cess or vicinity detinelh the quarters of the year, 
 those seasons were actually existent. Brown. 
 
 The eyes and minds are fastened on objects 
 which have no real being as if they were truly 
 existent. Dryden. 
 
 Existima'tion. n. s. [e.ristinuitio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Opinion. 
 
 2. Esteem. 
 
 Exit. n. s. [exit, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The term set in the margin of pl.nys to 
 mark the time at which the player goes 
 off the sl.ige. 
 
 2. Recess; departure; act of quitting the 
 stage ; act of quitting the theatre of life. 
 
 .\ll the world's a stage, 
 .■\nd all the men and women meerlv pla\ ers : 
 Thev have their exits and their entrances. 
 And one man in his time plays many parts. Shak. 
 A regard for fame becomes a man more towards 
 the «il than at li:s entrance into life. Siciji. 
 
 c,6\
 
 !■• 
 
 E X O 
 
 Blany "f your old comrades live a short life, 
 and make a figure at their exit. Su'j/t. 
 
 3. Passage out of any place. 
 
 Ill sucli a pervious substance as the brain, they 
 miglit find an easy either entrance or eiit, almost 
 every where. Glanvitle. 
 
 4. Way by which there is a passage out. 
 
 The fire makes its way, forcing the water 
 
 forth tluough its ordinary exits, wells, and the 
 
 outlets of rivers. Woodward. 
 
 Exi'tial. \ udj. [cxitialis, Lat.] De- 
 
 ExiTlous. ^ stnictive ; fatal; mortal; 
 
 deleterious. Not in use. 
 
 Most iiitial fevers, although not concomitated 
 with the tokens, exanthemata, anthraces, or car- 
 buncles, are to be censured pestilential. Harvey. 
 
 Exodus."} n. s. [eIoJ®-.] Departure; 
 
 E'xODI. j journey from a place; the 
 second book of Moses is so called, be- 
 cause it describes the journey of the 
 Israelites from Egypt. 
 
 Ill all probability their years continued to be 
 three liundred and sixty-live days, ever since the 
 time of the Jewish cxody at least. Hak. 
 
 Exole'te. adj. [exoletus, Lat.] Obso- 
 lete ; out of use. -D'f t. 
 
 To Exo'lve. r. a. [exolvo, Lat.] To 
 loose ; to pay. Diet 
 
 Exolu'tion. n. s. [exolulio, Lat.] Lax- 
 ation of the nerves. 
 
 Considering tlie exolution and languor ensuing 
 that action in some, we cannot but think it much 
 abridgeth our days. Bi'dick's Vtilg. Err. 
 
 Exo'mphalos. n. s. [Iland ofxipaM©-.] A 
 navel rupture. 
 
 To EX0'NER.\TE. v. a. [exoncro, Lat.] 
 To unload ; to disburthen ; to free from 
 any heavy charge. 
 
 The glands being a congeries of vessels curled, 
 circumgirated, and complicated, give the blood 
 time to separate through the capillary vessels into 
 the secretory ones, wliich afterwards all exonerate 
 themselves nito one common ductus. Ray 
 
 Exonera'tion. n. s. [from exotierate.] 
 Theactof disburthening, or discharging. 
 
 The body is adapted unto eating, drinking, nu- 
 trition, and other ways of repletion and exonera- 
 tim. Grev. 
 
 Exo'pTABLE. a^. [exoptabilis, Lat.] 
 Desirable; to be sought with eagerness 
 
 or desire. 
 E'xoRABLE. adj. [exorabilis, Lat.] To 
 
 be moved by intreaty. 
 Exo'rbitance. 7 n. s. [from exorbitance, 
 Exo'rbitancy. J French.] 
 
 1. The act of going out of the track pre- 
 scribed. 
 
 2. Enormity ; gross deviation from rule or 
 
 right. 
 
 I see some of this fault cleave to those, who 
 have eminently corrected aJl other emrbitancies of 
 the tongue. Gov. Tonmc. 
 
 The reverence of my presence may be a curb to 
 your eira-!)i(niicies. Dryden's Spanish Fryar. 
 
 The people were grosly imposed on, to commit 
 such exorbkiincies as could not end but in the dis- 
 solution of the government. Swift. 
 
 3. Boundless depravity. 
 
 They riot still. 
 Unbounded in eiorbitance of ill. Garth. 
 
 Exo'rbitant. adj. [ex and orbito, Lat] 
 
 1. Going out of the prescribed ti'ack. 
 
 2. Deviating from the course appointed 
 or rule established. 
 
 What signifies the fiction of the tortoise riding 
 upon tiie wings of the wind, but to prescribe 
 bounds and measures to our exorbitant passimis? 
 
 L'Lstrangs. 
 
 E X O 
 
 These phenomena are not peculinr to earth- 
 quakes in our times, but have been observed in all 
 ages, and particularly those eiorbitunt commotions 
 of the waters of the globe. Wooilw. Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. Anomalous I not comprehended in a 
 settled rule or method. 
 
 The Jews, who had laws so particularly deter- 
 mining in all atlairs what to do, were notwith- 
 standing continually inured with causes exorbi- 
 tant, and such as their laws had not provided for. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 4. Enormous; beyond due proportion; 
 
 excessive. 
 
 Their subjects would live in great plenty, were 
 not the impositions so very ejorhitant ; for the 
 courts are too splendid for the territories. .Addison. 
 
 So endless and eiorbitant are the desires of men, 
 that they will grasp at all, andean form no scheme 
 of perfect happiness with less. Swift. 
 
 To Exo'rbitate. v. n. [ex and orbito, 
 Lat] To deviate; to go out of the 
 track or road prescribed. 
 
 The planets sometimes would have approaclied 
 the sun as near as the orb of mercury, and sonie- 
 times have exorbitated beyond the distance of Sa- 
 turn. Bentley. 
 
 To E'XORCISE. V. a. [l^oe/.{«.] 
 
 1. To adjure by some holy name. 
 
 2. To drive away spirits by certain forms 
 of adjuration. 
 
 3. To purify from the influence of malig- 
 nant spirits by religious ceremonies. 
 
 And fry'rs, that through the wealth_y regions run, 
 Resort to farmers rich, and bless their halls. 
 And exorcise the beds, and cross the walls. Dryd. 
 
 E'xorciser. n. s. [from exorcise.] One 
 who practises to drive away evil spirits. 
 
 Exorcism, n. s. [Ilo^xicrf^©-.] The form 
 of adjuration, or religious ceremony by 
 which evil and malignant spirits are 
 
 driven away. 
 
 Will his lordship beliold and hear our eji'mjms? 
 
 Shakqi. 
 
 Symptoms supernatural must be only curable 
 by supernatural means ; namely, by devout pray- 
 ers or e:iorct5ms. Harvey. 
 
 E'xoRCiST. n.s. [s|ogKu-i«-] 
 
 1. One who by adjurations, prayers, or reli- 
 gious acts, drives away malignant spirits. 
 
 Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, 
 took upon thera to call over thera which had evil 
 spirits. ^<;'»' ""'• ,13- 
 
 2. An enchanter; a conjuror. Improperly. 
 Soul of Rome ! _ 
 
 Thou, like an crnrcist, had conjur'd up 
 
 My mortified spirit. Shahesp. Julius Ltcsar. 
 
 Is there no exorcist 
 Beguiles the truer office of mine eyes? 
 1,'t real that I see? S/iofcesp. 
 
 EXORDIUM, n.s. [Lat.] A tormal 
 preface ; the proemial part of a compo- 
 sition. 
 
 Nor will I thee detain 
 With poets fictions, nor oppress thine ear 
 With circumstance, and long eiordmmshere. 
 
 Mui/s Virgil. 
 
 I have been distasted at this way of «"»;»§: by 
 
 reason of long prefaces and exordwms. _ Addisnn. 
 
 Exorna'tion. n.s. [exornatio, Lat.J 
 
 Ornament; decoration; embellishment. 
 
 It seemeth that all those curious eiormttms 
 
 should rather cease. . Hooker. 
 
 Hyperbolical exm-nations and elegancies niai y 
 
 t a-. „* Hate. 
 
 much attect. t i n r» 
 
 Exo'ssATED. iidj. [exossatns, Lat.J de- 
 prived of bones. Diet. 
 
 ExosTo'sis. n. s. [U and is-t^n.] Any 
 protuberance of a bone that is not na- 
 tural, as often happens in venereal cases. 
 
 Quinci/. 
 
 EXP 
 
 Exo'ssEOTJS. adj. [ex and ftSM, Lat.] 
 Wanting bones ; boneless ; formed with- 
 out bones. 
 
 Thus we daily observe in the heads of fishes, at 
 also in snails and soft enoseemis animals, nature 
 near the head hath placed a flat white stone, or 
 testaceous concretion. Broin>. 
 
 Exo'tick. adj. [s'lunxi?.] Foreign; not 
 produced in cm' own country ; not do- 
 
 mestick. 
 
 Some learned men treat of the nature of letters 
 as of some remote exotick thing, wliereof we had 
 no knowledge but by fabulous"relations. Holder. 
 
 Continue fresh hot-beds to entertain such ejolic* 
 
 plants as arrive not to their perfection without 
 them. Evelyn's Katendar 
 
 Exo'tick. n. s. A foreign plant 
 
 Claudian was seated on tlie other summit, which 
 was barren, and produced, on some spots, plants 
 that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gar- 
 deners call exotich. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 To EXPA'ND. V. a. [expando, Lat.] 
 
 1. To spread ; to lay open as a net or sheet. 
 
 2. To dilate ; to spread out every way ; to 
 
 diffuse. 
 
 She useth most the target to fence away the 
 blow, and leaves all other weapons to the Alcho- 
 ran to propagate and expand itself. Howel. 
 
 Bellerophon's horse, framed of iron, and placed 
 between two loadstones, with wings expanded, 
 hung pendulous in the air. Brmrn. 
 
 An animal growing, expands its fibres in the air 
 as a fluid. Arbuthnot on Air. 
 
 Along the stream of time thy name 
 Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame. Pope. 
 
 Expa'nse. n. s. [expansum, Lat] A 
 body wisely extended without inequa- 
 lities. 
 
 A murmuring sound 
 Of waters issue from a cave, and spread 
 Into a licpiid plain ; then stood uninov'd. 
 Pure as th' eipanse of heav'n. Milton. 
 
 Bright as th' ethereal glows the green expanse. 
 
 Savage. 
 On the smooth expanse of crystal lakes. 
 The sinking stone at first a circle makes ; 
 The trembling surface, by the motion stirr'd. 
 Spreads in a second circle, then a third ; 
 Wide, and more wide, the floating rings advance, 
 Fill all the wat'ry plaui, and to the niaigin daiicc. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Expansibi'lity. n.s. [from cxparisible.] 
 Capacity of extension ; possibility to be 
 expanded or spread into a wider sur- 
 face. 
 
 With the rotundity common to the atoms of all 
 fluids, there is some dilTerence in bulk, by which 
 the atoms in one fluid are distinguished from those 
 of another ; else all fluids would be alike in weight, 
 expansibility, and all other qualities. Grew. 
 
 Expa'NSIBLE. adj. [from expansus, Lat.] 
 Capable to be extended; capable to 
 spread into a wider surface. 
 
 Bodies arc not expansible in proportion to their 
 weight, or to the quantity of matter to oe ex- 
 panded, ' 
 
 Expa'nsion. n. s. [fi-om expand.] 
 
 1. The state of being expanded into a 
 wider surface or greater space. 
 
 'Tis demonstrated that the condensation and «- 
 pansion of any portion of the air is always propor- 
 tional to the weight and pressure ""^""'''^J'^,"(^°^" 
 
 2. The act of spreading out. 
 
 The easy expansion o! the wing of a bird, and 
 the lightness, strength, and sliape of the fentliers, 
 are all fitted for her better flight. . l"-'^ 
 
 3. Extent ; space to which any thing is 
 extended.
 
 EXP 
 
 The capacions mind of man caimot be confined 
 by the limits of the world: it extendii its thoughts 
 even bejond the utmost eipa^jiion of matter, and 
 makes incursions into that incomprehensible inane. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Pure space, as distinct from extension 
 in solid matter. 
 
 Distance or space, in its simple abstract concep- 
 tion, I c;ill expansion, to distinguish it from exten- 
 sion, whicli expresses this distance only as it is In 
 the solid parts of matter. Locke. 
 
 It would for ever take an useless flight, 
 Lost in eipansion, void and infinite. Blackmive. 
 
 Expa'nsive. adj. [from expand,] Having 
 the power to spread into a wider sur- 
 face, or greater space. 
 
 TJie elastick or expajisive faculty of tlie air, 
 whereby it dilates itself when cumpressed, hath 
 been made use of in the common weather glasses. 
 
 Bay. 
 Th' erpansive atmosphere is crarap'd with cold. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 To Expa'tiate. v. n. [expatior, Lat.] 
 
 1. To range at large ; to rove without anj' 
 prescribed limits. 
 
 Religion contracts the circle of our pleasures^ 
 but leaves it wide enougli fur her votaries to ex- 
 patiate in. Addiion's Spectatt/r. 
 
 He looks in lieav'n with more than mortal eyes, 
 Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies ; 
 Amidst her iiindred stars familiar roam. 
 Survey the region, and confess her home. Pope. 
 
 Eiputiate free o'er all this scene of man ; 
 A miLjhty maze! but not without a plan. Pope. 
 
 With wonder seiz'd, we view thepleasingground 
 And walk delighted, and expatiate rouud. Pope, 
 
 2. To enlarge upon in language. 
 
 They had a custom of offering the tongues to 
 Mercury, because they believed him the giver of 
 eloquence : Dacier expatiates upon this custom. 
 
 Brot-'me 
 
 3. To let loose ; to allow to range. Thi: 
 sense, which is active, is very improper 
 
 Make choice of a subject, which, being of itself 
 capable of all that colours and the elegance of de- 
 sign can possibly give, shall afterwards afford an 
 ample field of matter w herein to expatiate itself. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To EXPECT. V. a. [crpecto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To have a pre\'ious apprehension of 
 either good or evil. 
 
 We expected 
 Immediate dissolution. Milton. 
 
 Needs must the serpent now his capital bruise 
 Expect with mortal pain. Milton. 
 
 Good with bad 
 Expect to hear, supernal grace contending 
 With sinfulness of man. Milton. 
 
 Eve, now expect great tidings. Miiton^ 
 
 2. To wait for ; to attend the coming. 
 
 The guards. 
 By raeencamp'd on yonder hill, expect 
 Their motion. Milton. 
 
 While, ex]}ecting there the queen, lie rais'd 
 His wond'ring eyes, aud round the temple eaz'd. 
 
 Sryden. 
 
 To Expe'ct. v. n. To wait; to stay. 
 
 Elihu had expected till .Tob had spoken. Joh. 
 
 Expe'ctablk. adj. [from expect.] To 
 be e.xpected ; to be hoped or feared. 
 
 Occult and spiritual operations are not expectahic 
 from ice; for being but water congealed, it can 
 never make good such qualities. Brvwn. 
 
 Expectance. 1 r,. 
 
 ExPE'cTANCY./ "• *• t^"""" ^'^^-^f'-] 
 I. The act or state of expecting; expecta- 
 tion. 
 
 Every moment is expectancy 
 Ofmorearrivance. Shakesp, Othello. 
 
 EXP 
 
 Satyrs leave your petulance. 
 Or else rail upon the moon. 
 Your erpectance is too soon ; 
 For before tlie second cock 
 Crow, the gates will not unlock. Ben Jonxm. 
 
 This bles&ed exptctance must be now roy theme. 
 
 hoyie. 
 
 But fy , my wand Vine muse, how thou do'st stay ! 
 Erpectance calls thct-nowanother way. Milton. 
 
 2. Something expected, ^ 
 
 There is erpectance here from both the sides, 
 What further jou will do. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Hope; that of which the expectation is 
 accompanied with pleasure. 
 
 Oh, what a noble mind is here o'ertlirown ! 
 The expectancy and rose of the fair state. Shakesp. 
 
 EXPECTANT, adj. [Ft.] Waiting in 
 expectation. 
 
 Her majesty has offered concessions, in order to 
 remove scruples raised in the mind of the expec- 
 tant heir. Hu-ijt. 
 
 Expe'ctant. n.s. [frova e.tpecf .] One 
 who waits in expectation of any thing ; 
 one held in dependence by his hopes. 
 
 They, vain exj'ectants of the bridal hour. 
 My stores in riotous expence devour. Pipe. 
 
 This treatise «;as agreeable to the whole nation, 
 except those who baa employments, or were ei- 
 pectants. Swift to Pope. 
 
 Expecta'tion. 71. s. [expectatio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of expecting. 
 
 The trees 
 Should have borne men, and expectation fainted. 
 Longing for what it had not. Shakesi). 
 
 The rest. 
 That are within the note of expectation, 
 Already are i' th' court. Shakesp. 
 
 'Tis expectation makes a blessing dear. Cong. 
 
 2. The state of expecting either with hope 
 or fear. 
 
 Live in a constant and serious expectation of that 
 day, when we must appear before the Judge of 
 heaven and earth. Rogen's Sermons. 
 
 •3. Prospect of any thing good to come. 
 
 My soul, wait thou only upon God ; f-r rav ex- 
 pectation is from him. Ps. ifii. 3. 
 
 4. The object of happy expectation ; the 
 Messiah expected. 
 
 Now clear I understand. 
 What oft my steadiest thoughts have seaich'd in 
 
 vain. 
 Why our great eipectatum should be call'd 
 The Seed of woman. Milton's Par. Ix'it. 
 
 5. A state in which something excellent 
 is expected from us. 
 
 How fit it will be for you, born so great a prince, 
 and of so rare not only expectation but proof, to 
 divert your thoughts from tlie way of goodness. 
 
 Sidney. 
 You first came home 
 From travel with such hopes as made you look'd 
 
 on, 
 By alj men's eyes, a youth of expectation ; 
 Pleas'd with your growing virtue I veceiv'd you. 
 
 OtMxiy. 
 Expe'cter. 71. s. [from expect.] 
 
 1. One who has hopes of something. 
 ^Theseare nc»t great erpecters under your admi- 
 nistration, according to the period of governors 
 here. _ Suift. 
 
 2. One who waits for another. 
 
 Signify this loving interview 
 To the expeclers of our Trojan part. Shakesp. 
 
 To EXPECTOR.\TE. r. a. [ex and pectus, 
 Lat.] To eject from the breast. 
 
 Excrementitious humours are expectorated by a 
 cough after a cold or an asthma. Hart-cij. 
 
 INforbifick matter is either attenuated so as to be 
 returned into the channels, or expectorated by 
 coughing. Arbulhnol. 
 
 EXP 
 
 Expectora'tion. n. ». [from expecto- 
 rate.] 
 
 1. The act of discharging from the breast. 
 
 2. That discharge which is made by 
 coughing, as bringing up phlegm, or 
 any thing that obstructs the vessels of 
 the liuigs, and straitens the breath. 
 
 With water, vinegar and ln-ney, in pleurisies and 
 infiammations of the lungs, be'rni\elh spices, for 
 promoting eipecoration. .irlnilhiun on Aliments, 
 
 Expe'ctorative. adj. [from expecto- 
 rate.] Having the quality of promoting 
 expectoration. 
 
 Syrups and other erpectoratiat, in coughdnutt 
 necessarily occasion a greater cough. Uartcy. 
 
 Expedience.) re j- 
 
 Expediency, i "' '• t*^""" '^pedienf.] 
 
 1. Fitness; propriety; !^uitablenesg to an 
 end. 
 
 Solemn dedicationsof things set apart for Divine 
 Worship, could never have lieen universally prac- 
 tised, had not right reason dictated the high fi- 
 pediency and great use of such practices. South. 
 
 2. It is used in Shakespeare for expedi- 
 tion ; adventure ; or attempt. 
 
 Let me hear 
 What yesternight our council did decree. 
 In forwarding this Ami eipedience. Shakesp. 
 
 3. It is also used by Shakespeare £oi expe- 
 dition ; haste ; dispatch. 
 
 I shall break 
 The cause of our expedience to the qaeeo» 
 And get her leave to part. Shakap. 
 
 Eiobt tall ships, Oiree thousand men of war. 
 Are making hither with all due expedience. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 
 EXPEDIENT, adj. [expedif, Lat.] 
 
 1. Proper ; fit ; convenient ; suitable. 
 
 All things are not expedient: in things indif- 
 ferent there is a choice ; they are not alwavs 
 equally expedient. Hooker. 
 
 When men live as if there were no God, it be- 
 comes expedient for them that there should be 
 none j and then they endeavour to persuade them- 
 selves so. TiUotson. 
 
 2. In Shakespeare, quick; expeditious. 
 
 The adverse winds 
 Whose leisure I hai-e staid, hare gix-en him time 
 To land his legions all as soon as 1: 
 His marches are expedient to this town. Shak. 
 
 Expe'dient. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1 . That which helps forward, as means to 
 an end. 
 
 God does not project fnr our sorrow, bnt our 
 innocence ; and would never have in» ited us to the 
 one, but as an expedu ist to the other. DecaiiofPietv. 
 
 2. .A. shift; means to an end which are 
 contrive<l in an exigence, or difficulty. 
 
 Th' expedient pleas'd, where neither lost his 
 right ; 
 Mars had the day, and Venus had the night. Ihyd. 
 
 He flies to a new expedient to solve the matter, 
 .ind supposes an earth of a make and frame like 
 that of Des Cartes. ITocdirurd. 
 
 Expediently, adj. [from erptdiast.] 
 
 1 . Fitly ; suitably ; convenientlj'. 
 
 2. Hastily ; quickly. Not used. 
 
 Let my officers of such a nature 
 Make an extent upon his house and lands: 
 Do this expediently, and turn him going. Shak. 
 
 To E XPEDITE. r. a. [crpedio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To facilitate; to free from impediment. 
 
 By sin and death a broad way now is pav'd, 
 To expedite your glorious march. Mitten. 
 
 2. To hasten ; to quicken. 
 
 663
 
 EXP 
 
 An inquisition would still be a furtlicr improve- 
 ment, and would expedite llie cuiiversiun of the 
 Papists. Swjft. 
 
 3. To dispatch ; to issue from a publick 
 
 office. 
 
 'lliough sucii charters be crpedited of course, 
 and as of right, yei they are varied by discretion. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 E'xpEDiTE. adj. [expediius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Quick ; Imsty ; soon performed. 
 
 Wholesome advice, and e,i;if£/i(e e\tCution in 
 ^ freeing the btalo of those monsters. Sandijs. 
 
 2. Easy ; disencumbered; clear from impe- 
 diments. 
 
 Nature can te;ich the church but in part; nei- 
 ther so fully as is requisite for man's salvation, 
 nor so easily as to make the way plain and e.ipeditt 
 enougli, that many come to tlie knowledge of it, 
 and so be saved, and therefore the Scripture has 
 been given. Hooker, 
 
 3. Nimble; active; agile. 
 
 The more any man's soul is cleansed from sen- 
 sual lusts, the more nimble and expedite Jt will be 
 in its operations. 7'ULitson. 
 
 i. It seems to be used by JBacon for light 
 armed in the Roman signification. 
 
 He sent t!ie lord chamberlain with expedite 
 forces to speed to Exeter, to the rescue of the 
 town. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Ex'PEDiTELY. ffdj. [from expedite.] With 
 quickness, readiness, haste. 
 
 Nature left his ears naked, that he may turn 
 them more erpeditely for the reception of sounds 
 from every quarter. Grew. 
 
 Expedition. ?i. s. [from expedite,] 
 X. Haste ; speed ; activity. 
 
 Prayers, whereunto devout minds liave added 
 a piercing kind of brevity, thereby the better to 
 express that quick and speedy expeditioii where- 
 with ardent atfections, the very wings of prayer, 
 are delighted to present our suits in heaven. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Ev'ii with the spetidiesi CTpeditiim 
 I will dispatch liim to the emperor's court. Shak. 
 
 2. A march or voyage with martial inten- 
 tions. 
 
 Young Octavius, and Mark Antony, 
 Come down upon us with a mighty power, 
 Bending their expedition tow'rdPhilippi. Skakesp, 
 
 Expedi'tious. adj. [from expedite.] 
 
 1. Speedy ; quick ; soon done: as, an expe- 
 ditious march. 
 
 2, Nimble ; quick ; swift ; acting with ce- 
 lerity : as, an expeditious runner. 
 
 Expedi'tiously. adv. [from expeditious.] 
 
 Speedily; nimbly; with celerity. 
 To EXPEL. V. a. [expello, Lat.] 
 i. To drive out; to force away. 
 
 The Lor<l your God shall expel thera from before 
 you, and drive thera from out of your sight. 
 
 Jos. xxiii. 5. 
 I may know the let why gentle peace 
 Should not expel these inconveniences. Skakesp. 
 Suppose a mighty rock to fall there, it would 
 crpd tl»e waters out of their places with such vio- 
 lence as to fling them among the clouds. Burnet, 
 
 2. To eject ; to throw out. 
 
 Whatsover cannot be digested by the stomach, 
 is either put up by vomit, or put down to tlie guts, 
 and other parts of the body are moved to expel 
 by consent. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The virgin huntress was not slow 
 T' expel tlie shaft from her contracted bow. Dryd. 
 
 3. To banish ; to ilrive from the place of 
 residence. 
 
 Arms and the man I sing, who forc'd by fate. 
 And haughty Juno's unrelenting hate, 
 ExpeCd and exil'd left the Trojan shore. Dryden 
 
 4. To reject; to refuse. 
 
 EXP 
 
 And would you not poor fellowsliip expel, 
 Alyself would oHer 3'ou t' accompany 
 In this adventurous clianceful jeopard3'. Hubbard, 
 
 5. To keep off; to exclude; to keep out. 
 
 Since she did neglect her loukinj^-glass. 
 And tlirew her sun exsyetlhtg raask away, 
 I'he air lialh starv'd tlie roses in her cheeks, 
 And pitch'd the lily tincture of her face. Shakcsp. 
 
 Oh that that earth \\liichkept the world in a\\e 
 Would patch a wall, expel the winter's flaw! 
 
 Shake^p 
 
 Expe'ller. n.s. [from expel.] One that 
 
 expels or drives awaj'. 
 To Expend, v. a. [iwpendo, ha.] To 
 
 lay out ; to spend. 
 
 If my death might make this island happy, 
 I would e.xpend it with ail willingness. Shak. 
 
 The king of England wasted the Frcncli king's 
 country, and thereby caused hiin to expend such 
 sums of money as exceeded the debt. Hayward. 
 
 The publick burtlieits, though they raay be a 
 good reason for our not expending so much in cha- 
 nty, yet will not justify us in giving nothing. 
 
 Atierbury, 
 
 EXPENSE, n. s. [expcnsum, hat] Ccst; 
 charges ; money expended. 
 
 Hence comes that wild and vast expense, 
 That hath enforc'd Rome's virtue thence. 
 Which simple poverty first made. Ben Jonson. 
 
 A feast prepar'd with riotous expense, 
 flluch cost, more care, and most raagnificence. 
 
 Vrijden. 
 
 Such provision made, that a country should not 
 want 80 many springs as were convenient, and af- 
 ford 'a supply every where suitable to the neces- 
 sities and expenses of each climate. ]Vwdward. 
 
 I can sec no reason by which we are obliged to 
 make those prodigious expe}ises. Su^ft. 
 
 Expe'nseful. adj. [expense and full.] 
 Costly ; chargeable ; expensive. 
 
 No part of structure is either more expenscful 
 than windows or more ruinous. Wotions Architect, 
 
 ExpE'NSELESS.flrf/. \^xovaexpense.] With- 
 out cost. 
 
 A physician may save any army by this frugal 
 and expenseless means only. Milton on Education. 
 
 What health promotes, and give unenvy 'd peace 
 Is all expoiseless, and procur'd with case. Blachm, 
 
 Expe'nsive. adj. [from expense.] 
 
 1. Given to expense; extravagant; luxu- 
 rious. 
 
 Frugal and industrious men are friendly to the 
 established government, as the idle and expensive 
 are dangerous. Temple, 
 
 2. Costly; requiring expense: as expen- 
 sive dress ; an expensive jounze^. 
 
 3. Liberal; generous; distributive. 
 
 This requires an active, expensive, indefatigable 
 goodness, such as our apostle calls a work and 
 labour of love. Spratt. 
 
 Expe'nsively. adv. [from expensive.] 
 With great expense ; at great charge. 
 
 I never knew him live so great and expensively 
 as lie hath done since his return from exile. Swift. 
 
 Expe'nsiveness. n. s. [from expensive.] 
 
 1. Addiction to expense ; extravagance. 
 
 2. Costliness. 
 
 Their highways, for their extent, solidity or 
 eipensivcness, aie'sorae of the greatest monuments 
 of the grandeur of the Roman empire. Arhnthnot, 
 
 EXPERIENCE, n.s. [experienfia, Lat.] 
 1. Practice ; frequent trial. 
 
 Hereof experience hath informed reason, and 
 time hath made those things apparent which were 
 hidden. Raleigh. 
 
 But apt the mind or fancy is to rove 
 Uncheck'd, and of her roving is no end, 
 'Till warn'd, or by experience taught, she learn, 
 That not to know at large of things remote 
 From use, obscure and subtle, but to know 
 That which before us lies in daily life, 
 
 EXP 
 
 Is tlie prime wisdom ; what is more, is fume 
 Or emptiness, or fond impertinence. 
 And renders us in things that most concern 
 Unpractis'd, unprepar cl, and still to seek. Milton. 
 2. Knowledge gained by trial and prac- 
 tice. 
 
 Boys immature in knowledge 
 Pawn their exp&ience to their present pleasure. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 But if you'll prosper, mark what I advise. 
 Whom age and long experience render wise. Pope. 
 
 To Expe'rience. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To try; to practise. 
 
 2. To know by practice. 
 
 He through tlie armed files 
 Darts his expericnc d eye. Mitton. 
 
 Expe'rienced. participial adj. [fi-om 
 experience.] 
 
 1. Made skilful by experience. 
 
 We must perfect, as much as we can, our ideas 
 of the distinct species ; or learn thera from such as 
 are used to that sort of things, and are experienceA 
 in them. Locke, 
 
 2. Wise by long practice. 
 
 To him experienc'd Nestor thus rejoin'd, 
 O friend I what sorrows do'st thou tring to mind ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Expe'riencer. 71. s. One who make* 
 trials ; a practiser of experiments. 
 
 A curious experieneer did atfirm, that the like- 
 ness of any object, if strongly enlightened, will 
 appear to another, in the eye of iiira that looks 
 strongly and steadily upon it, 'till he be dazzled 
 by it ; even after he shall have turned his eyes 
 from it. Digby, 
 
 EXPERIMENT, n. s. [experimentum, 
 Lat.] Trial of any thing; something 
 done in order to discover an uncertain 
 or unknown effect. 
 
 That which sheweth them to be wise, is the 
 gathering of principles out of their own particular 
 experiments, and the framing of our particular ex- 
 periments, according to the rule of their principles, 
 shall make us such as tliey are. Hooker. 
 
 It is good also not to try experiments in states, 
 except the necessity be urgent, or the utility 
 evident. Bacon, 
 
 Adam ! by sad experiment I know. 
 How little weight with thee my words can find. 
 
 Miltoit. 
 
 'Till his fall man's mind was ignorant of nothing 
 but of sin ; or, at least, it rested in the notion 
 without the smart of the experiment, 
 
 South^s Sermons. 
 
 When we are searching out the nature or pro- 
 perties of any being by various methods of trial, 
 this sort of observatioiris called experiment. Watts. 
 
 To Experiment, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To try ; to search out by trial. 
 
 Francisco Redi experimented that no putrified 
 flesh will of itself, if all insects be carefully kept 
 from it, produce any. Bay on the Creation. 
 
 2. To know by experience. 
 
 When tlie succession of ideas ceases, our per- 
 ception of duration ceases with it, wliich every 
 one experiments whilst he sleeps soundly. Locke. 
 
 Exv^vlime'ktaIj. adj. [from experiment.] 
 
 1. Pertaining to experiment. 
 
 2. Built upon experiment; formed by ob- 
 servation. 
 
 Trust not my reading, nor my observations, 
 Which witli experimental seal do warrant. 
 The tenor of my book. Shakesp. 
 
 The experimental testimony of Gillius is most 
 considerable of any, who beheld the course 
 thereof. Brown's Vulg. Err, 
 
 3. Known by experiinent or trial. 
 
 We have no other evidence of universal iinpa- 
 netrability, besides a large experience, without 
 an eiperimentai exception. Aentcx. 
 
 664
 
 EXP 
 
 These are 50 far from beiag subserrient to 
 atheists in t)ieir audacious attempts, that the; 
 rather afford an eTperimental confirmation of the 
 universJ deluge. Bcitley'f Scrmcnu. 
 
 Experimentally, adv. [from experi- 
 mental.] By exjjerience ; by trial ; by 
 experiment ; by obsenation. 
 
 The roiscarria^e being soroetimes uiuversal, has 
 made us imparl what we have txpenmenlaUy 
 learned bv our own observations. 
 
 Et€ltpi's Kalendar. 
 \\'hile the man is under the scourge of affliction, 
 he is willing to abjure those sins which he now 
 ejpmmfntaUy finds attended with such bitter con- 
 sequences. Sx>gen'( Senrwm. 
 
 Experimenter, n. s. [from eipe- 
 riment.] One who makes experi- 
 ments. 
 
 GalileusandMorsennus, twoeiacttrperipifniers 
 do think tliev find this veritv by their eipefiences, 
 but surelv inis is impossible to be done. Digby. 
 
 EXPERT, adj. [expertus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Skilt\il ; addressftil ; intelligent. 
 Now we will take some order in the town. 
 
 Placing therein some eipert officers. Shake^. 
 
 Again fair .Vliua sits confest. 
 On Florirocrs eiperter breast ; 
 When she the rising sigh constrains, 
 And bv concealing speaks her pains. Prior. 
 
 2. Reacly ; dexterous. 
 
 Tbe meanest sculptor in th* .£milian square. 
 Can imitate in brass the nail, and hair j 
 Eipert in triiles, and a cunning fool, 
 Able t' express the parts, but not ditpose the 
 whole. Dryden. 
 
 They have not the good luck to be perfectly 
 knowing in the forms of syllogism, or fcipert in 
 mode and figure. Ij?cke. 
 
 3. Skilful by practice or experience. This 
 sense is rare. 
 
 Erprrt men can execute, and judge of parti- 
 culars, one by one ; but the general counsels, and 
 the plots an"d marshalling of affairs, come best 
 from those that are learned. Baccm. 
 
 i. It is used by Pope -with of before the 
 object of skill, generally with in. 
 
 Thy offspring bloom, 
 Tjpert cf arms, and prudent in debate, 
 Tbe gifts of Heaven to guard thy hoarv state. 
 
 P<pe^j Odyssey. 
 
 Expe'rtly. adv. [from expert.] In a 
 
 skilful, ready, and dextrous manner. 
 Expe'rtness. n.s. [from expert.] Skill; 
 readiness ; dexterity. 
 
 What his reputation, what his valour, honesty, 
 
 and frpfrtness in war. Suih£?p. 
 
 This army, for the erpertjiess and valour of the 
 
 soldiers, was thought sufficient to have met the 
 
 greatest army of the Turks. KnolUs's History. 
 
 E'xpi.able. adj. [from expiate.] Capa- 
 ble to be expiated, or atoned. 
 roEXPI.\TE. v.a. [fjpio, Lat.] 
 
 1. To annul the guilt of a crime by sub- 
 sequent acts of piety ; to atone for. 
 
 Stroijg and able petty felons, in true penitence, 
 implore permission to eipiate their crimes by their 
 assiduous labours Id so innocent and so hopeful a 
 work. Ba/:ons Physical Remains. 
 
 The odium which some men's rigour or remiss- 
 ness had contracted upon my government, I re- 
 solved to expiate by regulalioiis. ^i*^ Charles. 
 
 For the cure of {his disease an humble, serious, 
 hearty repentance is the only physick ; not to a- 
 yiate the guilt of it, but to qualify us to partake 
 of Uie benefit of Christ's atonement. Bay. 
 
 2. To avert the threats of prodigies. 
 
 3. To make reparation for. 
 
 The treasurer obliged himself to eipiaie the in- 
 jury, to procure some declaration to that purpose, 
 ■nder bis majesty's sign manual. Clarendm. 
 
 Tlie more they have hitherto embezzled their 
 f arts, the more ibey endeavoui to opiate that on- 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 EXP 
 
 thrifliness by a more careful managery for the 
 future. Gcn^ernment oTthe Tongiu. 
 
 Expiation, n.s. [from expiate.] 
 
 1. The act of expiating or atoning for 
 any crime. 
 
 2. The means by which we atone for 
 crimes ; atonement. 
 
 Law can discover sin, but not remove. 
 Save bv those shadowy ezpiatioHS weak. 
 The blood of bulls anJ goats. 3fi;;on. 
 
 The former part of iliis poem is but a due es- 
 piation for mv not serving my king and connlrj- in 
 il, ' Dryden. 
 
 Let a man's innocence be what it will, let his 
 virtues rise to the highest pitch of perfection, 
 there will be still in him so many secret sius, so 
 many human frailties, so many oifences of igno- 
 rance, passion, and prejudice, so many unguarded 
 words and thoughts, that wiiiiout the advantage 
 of such an ezpiatwn and atonement, as Christianity 
 has revealed to us, it is impossible he should be 
 saved. Addison. 
 
 3. Practices by which the threats of omi- 
 nous prodigies were averted. 
 
 Ipou the hirth of such monsters, the Grecians 
 and Romans did use divers sorts of espiations, and 
 to go about their principal cities w iih manv solemn 
 ceremonies and sacrifices. Hay-sard. 
 
 Expiatory, adj. [from expiate.] Hav- 
 ing the power of expiation or atone- 
 ment. 
 
 His voluntary death for others prevailed with 
 God, and had the force of an expiatory sacrifice. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Expilation. n. s. [expilalio, Lat.] 
 Robben,- ; the act of committing waste 
 upon land to the loss of the heir. 
 
 Expiration, n. s. [from expire.] 
 
 1. That act of respiration which thrusts 
 the air out of the lungs, and contracts 
 the ca\-itj' of the breast. Quincu. 
 
 In all ejptrotum the motion is outwards, and 
 therefore rather driveth away the voice than 
 draweth it. Bacon's Sat. Bis!. 
 
 Of an inflammation of the diaphragm, the 
 symptoms are a violent fever, and a most exqui- 
 site pain increases upon inspiration ; by which it 
 is distinguished from a pleurisy, in which the 
 greatest pain is in crpiration. Arbtithnot on Diet. 
 
 2. The last emission of breath ; death. 
 We have heard him breathe the groan of ez- 
 
 pirati^n. Bambler. 
 
 3. Evaporation ; act of fuming out. 
 
 4. Vapour ; matter expired. 
 
 Words of this sort resemble tlie wind in fury 
 and impeluousness, in transientness and sudden 
 expiration. Decay cf Piety. 
 
 Close air is warmer than open air, as the cause 
 of cold is an expiration from the earth, which in 
 open places is stronger. Bacon's \at. Hut. 
 
 5. The cessation of any thing to which 
 life is figuratively ascribed. 
 
 To satisfy ourselves of its eipiration we dark- 
 ened tl e room, and in vain enaeavoured to dis- 
 cover any spark of fire. Boyle. 
 
 6. The conclusion of any limited time. 
 
 If 'till the fjpirofiffn of your mouth. 
 You will return and sojourn with my sister. 
 Dismissing half your train, come then to me. 
 
 Shaitesp. King Lear. 
 
 Tliis he did in a fortnight after the expiratim 
 of the treaty of I'ibridge. Clarendon. 
 
 To EXPIRE, r. a. [expire, Lat.] 
 1. To breathe out. 
 
 To save his bodv from the scorching fire. 
 Which he from hellish entrails did iipire. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual mo- 
 tion of inspiriuE and expiring air. Harvey. 
 This chaffd the boar ; his nostrils flames expire. 
 And his red eyebaUs roll with living fire. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 EXP 
 
 2. To exhale ; to send out in exhala- 
 tions. 
 
 The fluid wh'ich is thus secreted, and expired 
 forth along with the air, goes off in insensible 
 parcels. *' oodward. 
 
 3. To close ; to conclude ; to bring to an 
 end. Obsolete. 
 
 When as time flying witli wings swift, 
 Eiptred Iiad the term that tl.ese two javels 
 Should render up a reck'ning of ibeir tr&vels. 
 
 UM,. TaU. 
 To Expi're. r. n. 
 
 1. To make an emission of the breath. 
 
 If tlie inspiring and rxj^iring orvr^ii of any ani- 
 mal be stopt, it suddenly dies. II oltan'i Angw . 
 
 2. To die ; to breathe the last. 
 
 For when the fair in all their pride expirt, 
 To their first elements the souls retire. Vope. 
 
 3. To perish ; to fall ; to be destroyed. 
 
 .All thy praise is vain. 
 Save what this verse, which never shall eniirt. 
 Shall to thee purchase. Sfematr. 
 
 The dead man's knell 
 Is there scarce ask'd, for whom ; and good mens 
 
 lives 
 Expire before the flowers in theii caps. 
 Dying or ere they sicken. Sluikesp. 
 
 4. To fly out with a blast 
 
 The distance judg'd for shot of every size, 
 Tbe linstocks touch, the ponderous baill expira i 
 
 The vigorous seaman every porthole plies. 
 And adds his heart to every gnn he fires. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 5. To conclude ; to terminate ; to come 
 to an end. 
 
 A month before 
 This bond expires, I do expect return 
 Of thrice tlirec times the value of this bond. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To EXPLAIN, r. a. [explano, Lat.] To 
 expound ; to Dlustrate ; to clear by 
 notes or commentaries. 
 
 Such is the original design, however we mar 
 explain it away. Avlife's Partrgm. 
 
 You will have variety of commentators to ex- 
 plain the difficult passages to you. Gay. 
 Some explained the meaning quite away. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Explainable, adj. [from explain.] 
 Capable of being explained or inter- 
 preted. 
 
 It is symbolically eiplainable, and implieth 
 purification and cleanness. 
 
 Brotm's Vulgar Ermixs. 
 
 Explainer, n.s. [(rom explain.] Ex- 
 positor ; interpreter ; commentator. 
 Explanation, n.s. [from explain.] 
 
 1. The act of explaining or interpreting. 
 
 2. The sense given by an explainer or 
 interpreter. 
 
 Before thb explanatkm be condemned, and the 
 bill found upon it , some lawyers should full v m- 
 form the jurv. 5inft 
 
 Explanatory, adj. [from explain.] 
 Containing explanation. 
 
 Had the printer given me notice, I would have 
 printed the names, and writ crplanatory notes. 
 
 Expletive, n. s. [eipletirum, Lat] 
 
 Something used only to take up room ; 
 something of which the use is only to 
 prevent a vacancy. 
 
 These are not only useful expietixet to matter, 
 but grtai ontaments i-f style. Stafl. 
 
 Ol't the ear the open vowels tire, 
 ^\'hile eipletites their feeble aid do join. P«p<- 
 
 Expletitts, whether words or syllables, art 
 made use of purely to supply a vaciicy ; do, be- 
 fore verbs plural, is absolutely such ; and Mure 
 refiners may explode did and does. P^. 
 
 4Q f«5
 
 EXP 
 
 Explicable, adj. [from explicate.] 
 Explainable ; possible to be explained. 
 
 Many difficultifs, scarce eivUcable wiili any 
 certainty, occur in the fabric of human nature. 
 
 Hale. 
 Great variety there is in compound hodics, 
 and little many of them seem to be expliculilc. 
 
 Bnylc. 
 
 To EXPLICATE, v. a. [explico, Lat.] 
 
 1. To unfold ; to expand. 
 
 They explicate the leaves, and ripen food 
 For the silk labourers of the mulberry wood. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 2. To explain ; to clear ; to interpret. 
 They do not understand that part of Christian 
 
 philosophy which explicates the secret nature of 
 this divine sacrament. Taylor. 
 
 Although the truths may be elicited and eridi- 
 Cttted by the contemplation of animals, yet they 
 are more clearly evidenced in the contemplation 
 of man. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 The last verse of bis last satyr is not yet suffi- 
 ciently expUcaled. Dryden. 
 
 Explication, n. s. [from explicate.] 
 
 1 . The act of opening ; unfolding or ex- 
 panding. 
 
 2. The act of explaining ; interpretation ; 
 explanation . 
 
 The church preacheth, first publishing by way 
 of testimony, the truth which from them she 
 hath received, written in the sacred vokmies of 
 Scripture ; secondly, by way of explkation, dis- 
 covering the mysteries whicH lie hid therein. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Many things are needful for explication, and 
 many for application unto particular occasions. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Allowances are made in the explication of our 
 Saviour's parables, which hold only as to the 
 main scope. _ Atterbury. 
 
 3. The sense given by an explainer ; in- 
 terpretation. 
 
 ''J'is the substance of this theory I mainly de- 
 
 fiend upon ; niauy single evjdicatians and particu- 
 atities may be rectified upon farther thouglits. 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 E'XPLICATIVE. adj. [from explicate.] 
 Having a tendency to explain. 
 
 If the term which is added to the subject of a 
 complex proposition be either essential or any 
 way necessary to it, then it is called explicative ; 
 for it only explains the subject ; as, every mortal 
 man is a son of Adam. Watts's Logick. 
 
 Explica'tor. n. s. [from explicate.] 
 
 Expounder ; interpreter ; explainer. 
 EXPLICIT, adj. [explicitus, Lat.] Un- 
 folded ; plain ; clear ; not obscure ; not 
 merely implied. 
 
 We must lay aside that lazy and fallacious me- 
 thod of censuring by the lump, and bringthings 
 close to explicit proof and evidence. Burnet. 
 
 These speculations, when most refined, serve 
 only to shew how impossible it is for us to have 
 a clear and explicit notion of that which is infinite. 
 South's Sermons. 
 
 Expli'citly. adv. [from explicit.] 
 Plainly ; directly ; not merely by in- 
 ference or implication. 
 
 This querulous humour carries an implicit re- 
 pugnance to God's disposals ; but where it is in- 
 dulged, it usually is its own expositor, and ex- 
 plicitly avows it. Govei-nment of' the Tonf^uc. 
 
 To EXPLODE. V. a. [explode, Lat.] 
 1. To drive out disgracefully with some 
 noise of contempt ; to treat with open 
 contempt ; to treat not only with neg- 
 lect, but open disdain or scorn. 
 
 Him old and young 
 Exploded, and hath seiz'd with violent hands. 
 Had not a cloud descending snatch'd him thence 
 Unseen amid' the throng. " Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 EXP 
 
 Thus was the applause they meant 
 Turn'd to exploding hiss, triumph to shame. 
 Cast on themselves froui their own mouths. 
 
 JUi/(c>!!. 
 
 Old age explodes all but morality. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 There is pretended, that a magiietical alobe or 
 terrella, being placed upon its poles, would have 
 a constant rotation ; but this is commonly ex- 
 ploded, as being against all experience. 
 
 Wilkim. 
 
 Shall that man pass for a proficient in Christ's 
 school, who would liave been exploded in the school 
 of Zeno? South. 
 
 Provided that no word, which a society shall 
 give a sanction to, be antiquated and exploded, 
 they may receive whatever new ones they shall 
 find occasion for. Swift. 
 
 2. To drive out with noise and vio- 
 lence. 
 
 But late the kindled powder did explode 
 The massy ball, and the brass tube unload. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 Explo'der. n. s. [from explode.] An 
 hisser ; one who drives out any person 
 or thing with open contempt. 
 EXPLOIT, n. s. [cxpletum, Lat. res ex- 
 plela.] A design accomplished ; an at- 
 chievement ; a successful attempt. 
 
 Know'st thou not any whom corrupting gold 
 Would tempt into a close exploit of death ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Flight cannot stain the honour you have won ; 
 But mine it will that no exploit have done. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 How shall I relate 
 To human sense th' invisible exploits 
 Of warring spirits? Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 He breaKs fierce Hannibal's insulting heats ; 
 Of which eiplmt thus our friend Ennius treats. 
 
 Denham. 
 Will you thus dishonour 
 ■i'our past exploits, and sully all your wars ! 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To ExPLo'iT. V. a. [from the noun.] To 
 perform ; to atchieve. Not used. 
 
 He exploited great matters in his own person in 
 Gallia, and by his son in Spain. Camden. 
 
 To EXPLO'RATE. v. a. [exploro, Lat.] 
 To search out ; to try by searching ; to 
 explore. 
 
 Snails exclude their horns, and therewith ex- 
 plorate their way. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Explora'tion. m. s. [from explorate,] 
 Search ; examination. 
 
 For exact exploration scales should be suspended 
 where the air is quiet, that, clear of impediments, 
 they may the more freely convert upon their na- 
 tural verticity. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Use may 6e made of the like way of exploration 
 in that enquiry which puzzles so many modern 
 naturalists. Boyle. 
 
 Explora'tor. n. s. [from explorate.] 
 One who searches ; a searcher ; an ex- 
 aminer. 
 Explo'ratory. adj. [from explorate.] 
 
 Searching ; examining. 
 To EXPLO'RE. i;. a. [exploro, Lat.] To 
 try ; to search into ; to examine by 
 trial. 
 
 Abdiel that sight endur'd not, where he stood 
 Among the mightiest, bent on highest deeds. 
 And thus his own undaunted heart explores. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Divers opinions I have been inclined to question 
 not only as a naturalist, but as a chymist, whether 
 they be agreeable to true grounds of philosophy, 
 or the exploring experiments of the fire. Boyle. 
 
 But Capys, and the rest of sounder mind. 
 The fatal present to the flames design'd. 
 Or to the wat'ry deep ; at least to bore 
 The hollow sides, and hidden frauds expbre. 
 
 Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 EXP 
 
 The mighty Stagyrite first left the shore, 
 Spread alibis sails, and durst the deeps explore ', 
 lie steer'd securely, and discover'd far. 
 Led by the light of the Maouian star. Pope. 
 
 Explo'rement. n. s. [from explvre.} 
 Search ; trial. 
 
 The frustrated search of Porta, upon the explore' 
 ntent of many, could scarce find one. Brou-n. 
 
 ExPLO'sioN. n.s. [from explode.] The 
 act of driving out any thing with noise 
 and violence. 
 
 Those parts which abound with strata of stone, 
 or marble, making the strongest opposition, are 
 the most furiously shattered ; an event observable 
 not only in this, "but all other explosions whatever. 
 
 Woodward, 
 In gunpowder the charcoal and sulphur easiljr 
 take hre, and set fire to the nitre ; and the spirit 
 of the nitre being thereby rarified into vapour, 
 rushes out with e.rjdosion, after the manner that 
 the vapour of water ruslies out of an seolipile : 
 the sulphur also, being volatile, is converted into 
 vapour, and augments the explosion. 
 
 Newton's Optichs. 
 With explosion vast. 
 The thunder raises his tremendous voice. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 ExpLo'siVE. adj. [from explode.] Driv- 
 ing out with noise and violence. 
 
 These minerals constitute in the earth a kind 
 of natural gunpowder, which takes fire ; and by 
 the assistance of its expbsive power, renders the 
 shock greater. Woodward. 
 
 EXPO'NENT. n. s. [from expono, Lat.] 
 
 E.rponent of the ratio, or proportion between 
 any two numbers or ouantities, is the expvtient 
 arisiug when the antecedent is divided by the con- 
 sequent : thus six is the exponent of the ratio which 
 thirty hath to five. Also a rank of numbers in 
 arithmetical progression, beginning from 0, and 
 placed over a rank of numoers in geometrical 
 progression, are called indices or eipnne^ts; and 
 111 this is founded the reason and demonstration 
 of logarithms: for addition and subtraction of 
 these exponents answers to multiplication and 
 division in the geometrical numbers. Harris. 
 
 Expone'ntial. adj. [from expo7ient.] 
 
 Exponential curves are such as partake both of 
 the nature of algebraick and transcendental ones, 
 'i'hey partake of the former, because they consist 
 of a finite number of terms, though those terms 
 themselves are indeterminate ; and they are in 
 some measure transcendental, because they can- 
 not be algebraically constructed. Harris. 
 
 To EXPORT, v.a. [cxporto, Lat.] To 
 carry out of a country, generally in the 
 way of traffick. 
 
 Glorious followers taint business for want of 
 secrecy, and export honour from a man, and make 
 him a return in envy. Bacon. 
 
 Edward HI. by his encouragement of trade, 
 turned the scale so much in favour of English 
 merchandise, that, by a balance of trade taken 
 in his time, the exported commodities amounted 
 to two hundred ninety-four thousand pounds, and 
 the imported but to thirty -eight thousand. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Great ships brought from the Indies precious 
 wood, and exported pearls and robes. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Export, n. s. [from the verb.] Com- 
 modity carried out in traffick. 
 
 Ex'portation. n. s. [from expoi-t.] 
 The act or practice of carrying out 
 commodities into other countries. 
 
 The cause of a kingdom's thriving is fruitful- 
 ness of soil to produce necessaries, not only suf- 
 ficient for tlie inhabitants, but for exportation into 
 other countries. Swift. 
 
 Expo'rter. n. s. [from e.rport.] He 
 that carries out commodities, in opposi- 
 tion to the importtr, who brings them 
 in. 
 
 666
 
 EXP 
 
 Money will be melted down or carried awav 
 in coin by tlie erjtm-ter, whether the pieces of each 
 species be by tiic law bigger or less. Locke, 
 
 To EXPOSE. V. a. [expono, expositum, 
 Lat. expostr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To lay open ; to make liable. 
 
 Talie phjsick. Pomp ; 
 Eipose tliyself to feel what wretches feel, 
 That thou niay'st shake the superfiux to them. 
 And shew Heaven just. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Who here 
 Will envy whom the highest place exposes 
 Foremost to stand against the Thunder's aim? 
 
 Milton. 
 To pass the riper period of his age. 
 Acting his part upon a crowded stage. 
 To lasting toils eipos'd, and endless cares, 
 To open dangers, and to secret snares. _ Prior. 
 
 2. To put in the power of any thing. 
 
 But still he held his purpose to depart ; 
 For as he lov'd her equal to his life. 
 He would not to the seas expose his wife. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To lay open ; to make bare ; to put in 
 a state of being acted upon. 
 
 Then joyous birds frequent the lonely grove, 
 And beasts, by nature strong, renew their love ; 
 Then fields the blades of bury'd corn disclose, 
 And while the balmy western spirit blows, 
 Earth to the breath her bosom dares escjyose. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To lay open to censure or ridicule ; to 
 shew in such a state as brings con- 
 tempt. 
 
 Like Horace, you only expose the follies of men, 
 without arraigning their vices. 
 
 Drxfdens Juvenal, Dedication. 
 
 Tu]\y has jnstly eippscd a precept, that a man 
 should live with liis friend in such a manner that 
 if he became his enemy, it should not be in his 
 power to hurt him. Addisons Spectator. 
 
 A fool might once himself alone erjyosej 
 Now one in verse makes many more in prose. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Your fame and your property suffer alike, you 
 are at once exposed and j^Iundered. Pope, 
 
 5. To lay open to.examination. 
 
 Those who seek truth only, freely eipose their 
 principles to the test, and are pleased to have 
 them examined. Locke. 
 
 6. To put in danger. 
 
 The exposing himseff notoriously did change the 
 fortune of the day, when his troops begun to give 
 ground. Clarendon. 
 
 7. To cast out to chance. 
 
 A father, unnaturally careless of his child, 
 gives him to another man ; and he again e.ipo.^cs 
 him ; a third man finding him, breeds up and pro- 
 vides for him as his own. Locke. 
 
 Helpless and naked on a woman's knees. 
 To be €\pos'd or rear'd as she may please. 
 Feci her neglect, and pine for her disease. Prior. 
 
 8. To censure ; to treat with dispraise. 
 A colloquial abuse of the word. 
 
 A little wit is equally capable of exposing a 
 beauty, and of aggravating a fault. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 Exposi'tion. w. s. [from expose.] 
 
 1. The situation in which any thing is 
 placed witli respect to the sun or air. 
 
 Water he chuses clear, light, without taste or 
 smell ; drawn from springs with an easterly expo- 
 sition. Arbuthnot. 
 
 The diversity o( exposition of the several kit- 
 chens in this city, whereby some receive the rays 
 of the sun sooner, and others later, will occasion 
 great irregularity as to the time of dining. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Explanation; interpretation ;[ft'om cj- 
 poutid, expono, Lat.] 
 
 jMy lord of York, it better shew'd with you. 
 When that your flock, assembled by the bell, 
 Kncircled you, to hear with reverence 
 Your exposition on the holy text. 
 
 Shakesp, Henri) IV. 
 
 EXP 
 
 You are a worthy judge ; 
 You know the law : your exposition 
 Hath been most sound. 
 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 1 have sometimes very boldly made such eiposi- 
 tiont of my authors, as no commentator will fur- 
 give mc. Dryden. 
 
 ExPO'siTOR. n. s. expositor, Lat.] Ex- 
 plainer ; expounder ; interpreter. 
 
 A mirth-moving jest. 
 Which his fair tongue, conceit's expositor. 
 Delivers in such apt and gracious words. 
 That aged ears play truant at his tales. Shakesp. 
 
 In the picture of Abraham's sacrificing his son, 
 Isaac is described as a little boy, which is not 
 consentaneous unto the authority of expositors. 
 
 Broitn. 
 
 The sinner's conscience is the best cxpositirr o( 
 the mind of God, under any judgment or afflic- 
 tion. South^s Sermons. 
 
 Scholiasts, those copious esposittn-s of places, 
 pour out a vain overflow of learning on passages 
 plain and easy. Locke. 
 
 To EXPO'STULATE. v. n. [expostulo, 
 Lat.] To canvass with another ; to al- 
 tercate ; to debate without open rup- 
 ture. 
 
 More bitterly could I expostulate. 
 Save that for reverence of some alive 
 I give a sparing limit to my tongue. Shakesp. 
 
 The emperor's ambassador did expostulate with 
 the king, that he had broken his league with the 
 eniperor. Rayicard. 
 
 It is madness for friendless and unarmed in- 
 nocence to expostulate with invincible power. 
 
 UEstrange. 
 
 Durst I erpostulate with Providence ; 1 then 
 
 might ask. Cotton. 
 
 The bishop will expostulate, and the tenant will 
 
 have regard to the reasonableness of the demand. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Expostula'tion. n. s, [from expostu- 
 late.] 
 
 1. Debate; altercation; discussion of an 
 affair in private without rupture. 
 
 Expostuhtions end well between lovers, but ill 
 between friends. Spectator. 
 
 2. Charge ; accusation. 
 
 This makes her bleeding patients to accuse 
 High Heav'n, and these expostulatioiis use ; 
 
 Could Nature then no private woman grace. 
 Whom we might dare to love with such a face .' 
 
 Waller. 
 Expostulation is a private accusation of one 
 friend touching another, supposed not to have 
 dealt singly or considerately in the course of good 
 friendship. Ayliffe. 
 
 Expostula'tor. n. s. [from expostu- 
 late.] One that debates with another 
 without open rupture. 
 ExPo'sTULATORY. adj. [from expostu- 
 late.] Containing exposttilation. 
 
 This fable is a kind of an opostulatoni debate 
 between Bounty and Ingratitude. L'Estrange. 
 Expo'suRE. n. s. [{rom expose.] 
 
 1. Tlie act of exposing or setting out to 
 observation. 
 
 2. The state of being open to observa- 
 tion. 
 
 When we have our naked frailties hid, 
 That sutler in erposure, let us meet. Shak. Mach. 
 
 3. The state of being exposed, or being 
 liable to any thing. 
 
 Determine on some course, 
 More than a wild e-tpt^ure to each chance 
 That starts i' th' way before thee. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 4. The state of being in danger. 
 
 Ajax sets Thersites 
 To match us in comparisons with dirt ; 
 To weaken and discredit our exposure, 
 How hard soever rounded in with danger. 
 
 Shakesf, 
 
 EXP 
 
 5. Exposition ; the situation in which tho 
 sun or air is received. 
 
 The cold now advancing, set such plants as will 
 not cnduic the house, in pots, two or three iiichei 
 lower than the surface of some bed, under a 
 southern ei-posttre. Eittyn. 
 
 To EXPOUND. V. a. [expono, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To explain ; to clear ; to interpret ; to 
 shew the meaning of. 
 
 We cannot better interpret the meaning of 
 those words than pope Leo himself cxjwumied tnera, 
 whose speech, concerning f^ur Lord's ascension, 
 may serve instead of a marginal ploss. Hooker, 
 
 This by Calpliurnia's dream is signified. 
 —And this way you have well expounded it. .Shak 
 
 He expounded unto them in all the Scriptures 
 the thin:;s concerning himself. Luke. xxiv. ^. 
 
 Those rtght holy fathers, as hi matters of faith 
 they ditl not make truth, but religiously eipounded 
 it ; so in matters of ecclesiastical government 
 they did not create provinces, but ordered the 
 countries which they then had. Raleigh, 
 
 2. To examine ; to lay open ; a Latinisra. 
 He expounded both his pockets. 
 
 And found a watch with rings and lockets. Hudib. 
 
 Expo'uNDER. 7t. s. [from expound.] 
 Explainer ; interpreter. 
 
 This they did partly as faithful witnesses ; mak- 
 ing a mere relation of what God hirostif had re- 
 vealed unto them ; and partly as careful eivotind- 
 ers, teachers, and persuaders thereof. Hooker. 
 
 The nest he was. 
 And faithfullest expounder of the laws. Dryd. Jut. 
 
 To EXPRESS, v.a. [exprimo.expressus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To copy ; to resemble ; to represent. 
 
 So kids and whelps their sires and dams express, 
 And so the great I uieasur'd by the less. Dryden, 
 
 Adorn a dream, expressing human form. 
 The shape of him who suffer'd in the storm. Dry. 
 
 2. To represent by any of the imitative 
 arts ; as poetry, sculpture, painting. 
 
 Each skilful artist shall express thy form 
 In animated gold. Smith's Phadra and Hippolitus. 
 
 3. To represent in words ; to exhibit by 
 language ; to utter ; to declare. 
 
 Less than half we find erprest. 
 Envy bid conceal the rest. Milton. 
 
 Though they have learned those sounds, yet 
 there are no determined ideas laid up in flieir 
 minds, which are to be expressed to others by 
 them. Locke, 
 
 In moral ideas w-e have no sensible marks that 
 resemble them, whereby we can set them down : 
 we have nothing but words to express them by. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 True wit is nature to advantage drest, 
 What oft was Uiought, but ne'er so well exprtst. 
 
 Pope, 
 
 Others for language all their care express. 
 And value books, as women men, for dress. Pope. 
 
 ■I'o shed tears, among the ancients, when they 
 should express their gratitude to tlie gods with 
 jov was esteemed a profanation. Broome. 
 
 4. To shew, or make known in any 
 manner. 
 
 No lunger shall thv bodice aptly lace. 
 That air and shape of Ikymony f.i7>rfss. 
 Fine bv degrees, and delicately less. Pri*>r. 
 
 5. To titter ; to declare ; "with the reci- 
 procal pronoun. 
 
 Mr. Philips did express himself with much in- 
 di;;nation against mc one evening. Pope. 
 
 G. To denote; to design.ite. 
 
 Moses and .\aron took these men erpressed by 
 their names. Numb. i. 17. 
 
 7. To squeeze out ; to force out by com- 
 pression. 
 
 Among the watrv juices of fruit are all th« 
 
 fruits out of w hich drink is expressed ; as the grape 
 and the apple. Sacm. 
 
 8. To extort by violence, or elicite by 
 art ; a Latinism. 
 
 667
 
 EXP 
 
 Halters and racks cannot erpress from lliee 
 More than thy deeds : 'tis only judgment waits 
 thee. Ben Jo7ison. 
 
 Art did express 
 A quintessence even from nothingness, 
 From dull jirivativcs and lean emptiness. Domic. 
 
 Express, odj. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Copied ; resembling ; exactly like. 
 
 Of his presence many a sign 
 Still fojlnwijig thee, still compassing thee round 
 With goodness and paternal love ; his face 
 r.iltress, and of hi-i steps the track divine. Milton. 
 
 2. Plain ; apparent ; declared in direct 
 terms. 
 
 There hath been some doubt whether contain- 
 ing in Scripture do import express setting down in 
 plain terms ; or else comprehending in such sort, 
 that by reason we may from thence conclude all 
 Ihin-^b which are necessary. Hooker. 
 
 There is not any positive law of men, whethei 
 general or particular, received by formal erpress 
 consent, as in councils ; or by secret approbation ; 
 but the same may be taken away, if occasion 
 serves. " Hooker. 
 
 All the gazers on the skies. 
 Read not ni fair heaven's story 
 K.ipresser truth, or truer glory, 
 
 'rhan they might in her bright eyes. B. Jonson. 
 
 3. Clear ; not dubious. This seems to 
 be no proper use. 
 
 I love to feel myself of an express and settled 
 judgment and alFection in things of the greatest 
 moment. Morels Div. Dial. 
 
 As to the testimonies of the fathers, let them 
 be never so express against all sorts of prayers and 
 invocations, they hold only of such a sort of 
 prayer. ^ Stillingjieet. 
 
 VVhere reason or scripture is express for any 
 opinion, or action, we may receive it as of divine 
 authority. Locke. 
 
 4. On purpose ; for a particular end. 
 
 They who are not induced to believe and live as 
 they ought, by those discoveries which God hath 
 made in Scripture, would stand out against any 
 evidence whatsoever; even that of a messenger 
 sent eipress from tlie other world. Atterhuru. 
 
 Expre'ss. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 J . A messenger sent on purpose. 
 
 The king sent an express immedialelv to the 
 marquis, with all the particular informations. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 As if etpresses from all parts had come. 
 With fresh alarms threat'ning the fate of Rome. 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 Upon the first moraenjt I was cfiscovered, the 
 emperor had early notice of it by an eipi^ess. 
 
 Gidlivers Travels. 
 
 2. A message sent, 
 
 I am content my heart should be discovered to 
 the world, without any of those popular capta- 
 tions which some men use in their speeches and 
 expresses. ^"'g Charles. 
 
 3. A declaration in plain terms. Not 
 usual. 
 
 They do not only contradict the general design 
 and particular a/we5se5 of the gospel, but trespass 
 against all logick and common sense. Norris. 
 
 Expre'ssible. adj. [from express.] 
 
 1. That may be uttered or declared. 
 
 They had not only a memory and tradition of 
 it in general, but even of several particular acci- 
 dents of it likewise, which they handed dciwn- 
 wards to the succeeding ages, with notes of ilie 
 greatest terror expressible. Woodward's Nat. }li!,t. 
 
 2. That may be drawn by squeezing or 
 expression. 
 
 Expression, w. s. [from expirss.] 
 1. The act or power of representing any 
 thing. 
 
 There is nothing comparable to the variety of 
 instructive expressions by speech, wherewith a man 
 alone is endowed, as witli an instrument suitable 
 to the excellency of his soul, for the communica- 
 tion of his thoughts. Holder on Speech. 
 
 EXP 
 
 ' 2. The form or mode of language in 
 which any thoughts are uttered. 
 
 But ill expression sometimes give allay 
 To noble thoughts, whose tiamc shall ne'er decay. 
 
 Buckingham. 
 
 The poet, to reconcile Helen to his reader, 
 brings her in as a peiiittnt, condemning her own 
 infidelity in very strong expressions. Broome. 
 
 3. A phrase ; a mode of speech. 
 
 4. The act of squeezing, or forcing out 
 any thing by a press. 
 
 'I'hose juices that are so fleshy, as lliey cannot 
 make drink by erpression, yet may make drink by 
 mixture of water. Bacon. 
 
 The juices of the leaves are obtained by expres- 
 sion: from this juice proceeds the taste. Arbnth. 
 
 Expressive, adj. [from rr/^rfss.] Hav- 
 ing the power of utterance or repre- 
 sentation. With of before the thing 
 expressed. 
 
 Each verse so s\vells expressive of her woes, 
 And ev'ry tear in lines so mournful flows, 
 We, spite of fame, her fate reversed believe, 
 O'erlook her crimes, and think she ouglit to live ! 
 
 Tickcll. 
 
 And four fair queens, whose hands sustain a 
 
 flow'r, 
 
 Th' expressive emblem of their softer pow'r. Pope. 
 
 A visible and exemplary obedience to God's 
 
 laws is the most evinessive acknowledgment of the 
 
 majesty and sovereignty of God, and disposes 
 
 others to glorify him hy the same observances. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Expre'ssively. adv. [from expressive] 
 In a clear and representative way. 
 
 Expre'ssiveness. w. s. [from f.r- 
 pressive.] The power of expression, or 
 representation by words. 
 
 The murrain has all the ei^)r«$it!ene55 that words 
 can give ; it was here that Virgil strained hard to 
 outcfo Lucretius. Addison. 
 
 Expre'ssly. adj. [from express.] In 
 direct terms ; plainly ; not by implica- 
 tion ; not generally. 
 
 It doth nut follow, that of necessity we shall 
 sin, unless we expressly extend this in every par- 
 ticular. lHookcr. 
 
 Articles of belief, and things which all men 
 must do, to the end they may be saved, are either 
 expressly set down in Scripture, or else plainly 
 thereby to be gathered. Hooker. 
 
 \\'ho dare cross 'em. 
 Bearing the king's will from his mouth expressly ? 
 
 Shafcesp. 
 
 The beginning of the worship of images in these 
 western parts, was by the folly and superstition 
 of the people, er;)rc5s/t/ against the will of their 
 own bishop. Stilting fleet. 
 
 This account I expressly give of them, when I 
 enter on the argument. Atterburij. 
 
 All tlie duties that the best political laws en- 
 join, as conducive to the quiet and order of social 
 life, are expressly commanded by our religion. 
 
 Rogers. 
 Expre'ssure. n. s. [^yovcv express. Mow 
 disused.] 
 
 1. Expression ; utterance. Not used. 
 
 There is a mystery in the soul of state, 
 Wliich liatli an" operation mure divine, 
 'Ihan breatli or pen can give exprcssure too. Shah. 
 
 2. The form 
 Not used. 
 
 1 will dro]) some obscure epi^^tles of love, where- 
 in, by the colour of his beard, tlie maimer of his 
 gait, the erjiressure of his eye, forehead, and com- 
 jilexion, he shall find himself personated. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The mark ; the impression. Not used. 
 
 And nightly, meadow fairies, look you sing, 
 lyike to the garter-compass in a rine : 
 1 h* exprcssure that he bears, green let it be. 
 More fertile fresh than all the field to see. Shah. 
 
 the likeness represented. 
 
 To E'XPKOBRATE. v. a, [exprobo, 
 
 EXP 
 
 Lat.] To charge upon with reproach , 
 to impute only with blame ; to up- 
 braid. 
 
 To exprobrate their stupidity, he induces the 
 providence of storks ; now, if the bird had been 
 unknown, the illustration had been obscure, and 
 the exprobration not so proper. Broum. 
 
 Exproera'tion. n. s. [from expro- 
 bj'ate,] Scornful charge ; reproachful 
 accusation ; act of upbraiding. 
 
 The goodness we glory in, is to find out some- 
 what whereby wc may judge others to be un- 
 godly : each other's fault we observe as matter 
 of exprobration, not of grief. Hooker. 
 
 The Parthia)is, with exp-^obration of Crassus's 
 thirst after money, poured gold into his mouth 
 after he was dead. Abbot. 
 
 It will be a denial with scorn, with a taunting 
 exprobration; and to be miserable without com- 
 miseration, is the height of misery. 
 
 South' s Sermons. 
 
 No need such boasts, or exprobrations false 
 Of cowardice : the military mound 
 'J'lie JJritish files transcend* in evil hour 
 For their proud foes. Philii>6. 
 
 To ExPRo'pRiATE. V. ff. [ex and pro- 
 priusj Lat.] H'o make no longer our 
 own ; to hold no longer as a property. 
 
 Not in use. 
 
 When you have resigned, or rather consigned, 
 your expropriated will to God, and thereby en- 
 trusted him to will for you, all Ids dispensations 
 towards you are, in effect, the acts of your own 
 w ill. Boyle's Seraphick Love. 
 
 To EXPU'GN. V. a. [expu^no, Lat.] To 
 
 conquer ; to take by assault, 
 Expugna'tion. n. s. [from expugii.] 
 Conquest ; the act of taking by assault. 
 The cxpugnation of Vienna he could never ac- 
 complish. Sand. 
 ToEXPU'LSE. v.a. [expulsus, LiM.] To 
 drive out; to expel ; to force away. 
 
 Forever should they be expuls\l from France, 
 
 And not have title of an earldom tliere. Shakes}). 
 
 Suppose a nation where the custom were, that 
 
 after full age the sons should expulse their fathers 
 
 and mothers out of possessions, and put them to 
 
 their pensions. Bacon's Holy War. 
 
 Inwardly received, it may be very diuretick, 
 
 and expulse the stone in the kidneys. Brown. 
 
 Dictys relates, that Pelus was expuhed from 
 
 his kingdom by Acastus. Broome. 
 
 Expu'lsion. n. s. [from expulse.] 
 
 1. The act of expelling or driving out. 
 
 A wooer, 
 More hateful tlian the foul exjyukion is, 
 Of thy dear husband. Shakesp. Cymbellne. 
 
 Sole victor from the expulsion of his foes, 
 Messiah his triumphal chariot turn'd. Milton. 
 
 Others think it possible so to contrive several 
 
 pieces of steel and a load-stone, that, by their 
 
 continual attraction and expulsion of one another, 
 
 they may cause a perpetual revolution of a w heel. 
 
 Wilkins's Deedalus. 
 
 'i'his magnificent temple was not finished till 
 after the expulsion of Tarquin. Stillingjieet. 
 
 Coflee-coloured urine proceeds from a mixture 
 of a small quantity of blood with the urine ; but 
 often prognosticates a resolution of the obstruct- 
 ing matter, and the expulsion of gravel or a stone. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 2. The state of being driven out. 
 
 To what end had the aiige! been sent to keep 
 the entrance into Paradise, after Adam's ei^jii/iiwi, 
 if the universe had been Paradise ? 
 
 Raldgh^s History. 
 Expu'lsive. adj. [from expulse.] Hav- 
 ing the power of expulsion. 
 
 If tlie member be dependent, by raising of it up, 
 and placing it equal with, or higher thiin the rest 
 of the body, the influx may be restrained, and the 
 part strengthened by expulsive bandages. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 668
 
 E X Q 
 
 Expu'nctton. n. s, [from expunge.] 
 Abolition ; the act of expunging, blot- 
 ting, or effacing. 
 To EXPU'NGE. r.fl. [expunge, Lai,] 
 1 To blot out ; to rub out. 
 
 The difference of the denarius and drachm hav- 
 ing been done in the manuscript, it was needless 
 to expunge it. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 Neither do tliey remember the many alterations, 
 additions, and expungings made by great authors 
 in those treatises which they prepare for tlie pub- 
 . lick. Swift. 
 
 2. To efface ; to annihilate. 
 
 Wilt thou not to a broken heart dispense 
 The balm of mercy, and eipunge th' offence ? 
 
 Sandys. 
 Deduct what is but vanity, or dress, 
 Or learning's luxury, or idleness. 
 Or tricks to shew the strttch of humfin brain 
 JNIere curious pleasure, or ingenious pain ; 
 Expunge the whole, or lup th' excrescent parts 
 Of all, our vices have created arts : 
 Then see how little the remaining sum, 
 Which serve the past, and must the times to come ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Expurga'tion. n.s. [expurgatiojl^at,] 
 
 1. The act of purging or cleansing. 
 
 All the intestines, but especially the great ones, 
 kidneys and ureters, serve ioieipurgation. 
 
 }\'iseman. 
 
 2. Purification from bad mixture, as of 
 errour or falsehood. 
 
 Wise men know, that arts and learning want 
 erpurgation ; and if the course of truth be permitted 
 to itself, it cannot escape many errours. Brown. 
 
 Expu'rgator. 71. s. One who corrects 
 by expunging. 
 
 Tliey may well be allowed an eipurgator. 
 
 Lord Digby. 
 
 Expu'rgatory. adj. [expui-gatorius, 
 Lat.] Employed in purging away what 
 is noxious: as, the expurgatory index 
 of the Romanists directs the abolition 
 or expunction of passages admitted by 
 any authors contrary to popery. 
 
 There wants ca7)nrgati?T*t/ animadversions, where- 
 by we might strike out great numbers ot hidden 
 qualities ; and having once a conceded list, we 
 might with more safety attempt their reasons. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 EXQUISITE, adj. [exquisitus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Farsought; excellent; consummate; 
 complete. 
 
 His absolute exactness they imitate by tending 
 unto that which is most exquisite in every parti- 
 cular. 'Hooker. 
 
 Why should the state be troubled with this 
 needless charge of keeping and maintaining so 
 great a navy in such exquisite perfection and readi- 
 ness ? Raleigh. 
 
 Adam and Eve, before the fall, were a different 
 species ; and none but a poet of the most un- 
 bounded invention, and the most exgnisi(e judge- 
 ment, could have fitted their conversation and Be- 
 haviour to their state of uinocence. Addison. 
 
 The pleasures of sense are probably relished by 
 beasts m a more exquisite degree than they are by 
 men ; for they taste them sincere and pure, with- 
 out being distracted in the pursuit, or disquieted 
 in tlie use of them. Atterhury's Sermons. 
 
 2. Consummately bad. 
 
 With exquisite malice they liave mixed the gall 
 and vinegar of falsity and contempt. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 3. Very sensibly felt. 
 
 The scales of the scarf-skin hinder objects from 
 making too painful and exquisite impression on the 
 nerves. Cheyne. 
 
 ExQUl'siTELY. adv. [from exquisite.] 
 Perfectly ; completely : in either a good 
 or ill sense. 
 We see more exquisitely vhh. one eye shut than 
 
 E X s 
 
 with both open ; for that the spirits visual unite 
 themselves, and become stronger. 
 
 Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 A collection of rare manuscripts, eiquisitely 
 written in Arabick, and sought in the niost re- 
 mote parts by E[>cnius, the most excellent lin- 
 guist. }Vottun. 
 
 The soldier then, in Grecian arts unskill'd. 
 Returning rich wiili plunder from the field. 
 If cups of silver or of gold be brought, 
 With jewels set, and eiquisitely wrought. 
 To glorious trappings strait the plate lie turn'd. 
 And with the glitt'rlng spoil his horse adorn'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The poetry of operas is generally as exfjuisittly 
 ill as the music is goo<l. Addison on Italy. 
 
 E'xQUisiTENESS. ». s. [from exquisite.] 
 Nicety ; perfection. 
 
 We suppose the superficies of the two glasses 
 should be so exactly Hat and smooih, that no air 
 at all can come between them ; and experience 
 has informed us, that is extremely ditlicult to pro- 
 cure from our ordinary tradesmen eitlier glasses 
 or marbles so much as approaching such an exqui- 
 siteness. Boyle. 
 
 E'xscRiPT. n. s. [exscriptuniy Lat.] A 
 copy ; a writing copied from another, 
 
 Exsi'ccANT. ff^//. [^rom exsiccate.] Dry- 
 ing ; having the power to dry up. 
 
 Some are moderately moist, and require to be 
 treated with medicines of the like nature, such 
 as fleshy parts ; others dry in themselves, yet re- 
 quire eiwcanf^, as bones. Wiseman. 
 
 To EXSICCATE, r. a. [exsicco, Ut.] 
 To dry. 
 
 If in a dissolution of steel a separation of parts 
 be made by precipitation, or exhalation, the ex- 
 siccated powder ascends not unto the loadstone. 
 
 Broum. 
 Great heats and droughts exsiccate and waste 
 the moisture and vegetative nature of the earth. 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Exsicca'tion. w. s. [from exsiccate.] 
 The act of drying. 
 
 That which is concreted by exsiccation, or ex- 
 pression of humidity, will be resolved by humec- 
 tation ; as earth, dirt, and clay. Brown. 
 
 Exsicca'tive. adj. [from exsiccate.] 
 Having the power of di*ying. 
 
 Exspui'tion. n. s. [expuo, Lat.] A 
 discharge of saliva by spitting. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 Exsu'ction. 71. s. [exugo, Lat.] The 
 act of sucking out, or draining out, 
 without immed iate contact of the power 
 of sucking with the thing sucked. 
 
 If you open the valve and force up the sucker, 
 after this first exsuction, you will drive out almost 
 a whole cylinder full of air. Boyle. 
 
 Exsuda'tion. n. s. [from exudo, Lat.] 
 A sweating out ; an extillation ; an 
 emission. 
 
 They seemed to be made by an exsudation, or 
 extillation of some petrifying juices out of the 
 rocky earth. Derham. 
 
 To Exsu'ffolate. v. a. [a word pecu- 
 liar to Shakespeare.] To whisper ; to 
 buzz in the ear : from the Italian verb 
 siiffolar. 
 
 Exchange me for a goat, 
 When I shall turn the business of my soul 
 To such exsiifolate and blown surmises. Shahesp. 
 
 Exsuffla'tion. 7t. s. [ex and suffio, 
 Lat.] A blast working underneath. 
 
 Of volatility, the most deo;ree is when it will 
 fly away without returning : the next is when it 
 will tlyup, but with ease rftuni : the next is w hen 
 it will fl3' upwards over the helm, by a kind of 
 cisulflution, without vapouring. Bacon. 
 
 To Exsu'sciTATE. V. a. [exsuscitOjLaX.] 
 To rouse up ; to stir up. 
 
 EXT 
 
 E'XTANCY. n. ». [from extant.] 
 
 1. The state of rising above tlie rest. 
 
 2. Parts rising up above the rest ; in op- 
 position to those depressed. 
 
 The order of the little eitancia, Juid coiue- 
 queiitl^' that of the little depressions, will he al- 
 tered likewise. Boyle an CoUmrt. 
 
 EXTANT, adj. [tjctans, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Standing out to view ; standing above 
 the rest. 
 
 Th.1t part of the teeth which is egtant above the 
 gums ib Milked, and not invested with that sensible 
 membrane called periosteum, wherewith the other 
 bones are covered. Rat/. 
 
 If a body have part of it eslant, and part of It 
 immersed in fluid, then so much of the fluid as 
 is eaual in bulk to the immersed part shall be 
 equal in f^ruvity to the whole. Bcntlcy. 
 
 2. I'ublick ; not suppressed. 
 
 The first of the continued wctkljr bills of mor- 
 taliiy, titunt at the paririh clerks hall, begins the 
 twenty-ninth of December ltj03. Oraunt. 
 
 ExTATiCAL, \ adj. [iVaTiKo?. See 
 
 EXTATICK, / ECSTACY.] 
 
 1. Tending to something external. 
 
 I find in me a great deal of eitatical love, which 
 continuallj carries me to good without myself. 
 
 Boyle. 
 •2. Rapturous ; in a state in which the 
 soul seems to leave the body. 
 
 In trance eztulick may thy pinjjs be drown'd. 
 
 Bright clouds descend, and angels watch thee 
 
 round. Pift. 
 
 Exte'mporal. adj. [exlemporalis, Lat.l 
 
 1. Uttered without premeditation ; quick ; 
 ready sudden. 
 
 Alcidiuius the sophister hath arguments to 
 prove, that voluntary and eitemyoral far excellelL 
 premeditated speech. Hooker. 
 
 A man of pleasant and popular conversation, 
 of good eitempural judgment and discourse, for 
 the satisfying of publick ministers. Wotton. 
 
 2. Speaking without premeditation. 
 Many foolish things fall from wise men, if Ihej 
 
 speak in haste, or be eitemporal. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Exte'mporally. adv. [from eitempo- 
 ral.'] Quickly ; without premeditation. 
 
 The quick comedians 
 Eitemporally will stage us, and present 
 Our Alexandrian revels. Sliak. Anth. and Cleop. 
 
 Exte'mpora'neous. adj. [extempora- 
 netis, Lat.] Without premeditation ; 
 sudden. 
 Exte'mpoRARY. adj. [extemporareus, 
 Lat.] Uttered or performed without 
 premeditation ; sudden ; quick. 
 
 This custom was begun by our ancestors out of 
 
 an ambition of shew ing their aternptvani ability of 
 
 speaking upon any subject. Wore s Divine Dialog. 
 
 rimt men should confer at very distant removes 
 
 by an eitemporar\/ intercourse, is another reputed 
 
 impossibility. Glanville. 
 
 Thev write in so diminutive a manner, witii 
 
 such frequent interlineations, that they are liardly 
 
 able to go on witliout perpetual hesitations, or 
 
 eitemporarii expletives. Siciji. 
 
 EXTEMPORE, adr. [extempnre, Lat.] 
 
 1. Without premeditation ; suddenly ; 
 
 readily ; without any previous care or 
 
 preparation. 
 
 You may do it eitempore : for it is but roaring. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Nothing great ought to be ventured upon witli- 
 
 out preparation ; but, above all, how sottish is it 
 
 to engage fa(cm;H)re, where t}ie concern is eternity. 
 
 Hast thou no mark at which to bend tliy bow 
 Or, like a boy, pursu'sl the carrion-crow 
 With pellets and w ith stones from tree to tree, 
 A fruitless toil, and liv'st eitemponf Dryden. 
 
 669
 
 EXT 
 
 2. It is sometimes used as an adjective, 
 but very improperly. 
 
 1 have known a woman branrh out into a long 
 exiemimre dissertation upon a petticoat, AddLwn. 
 
 Exte'mporiness. 71. s. [from extem- 
 pore.] The faculty of speaking or 
 acting without premeditation ; the state 
 of being unpremeditated. 
 
 To Exte'mporize. v. w. [from f.r/f»!- 
 pore.] To speak extempore, or with- 
 out premeditation. 
 
 The extemporizing faculty is never more out of 
 its element llian in the pulpit ; though even here. 
 it is much more excusable in a sermon than in a 
 prayer. Si^utlCs Sermons. 
 
 To EXTK'ND. r. a. [exfendo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To stretch out towards any part. 
 
 See the figure of his lifeless friend, 
 And his old sire, his helpless hand extend. Dryd. 
 
 Should'ring God's altar a vile image stands, 
 Belies his features, and extends his hands. I'npe. 
 
 2. To amplify ; opposed to contract. 
 
 It is sutTerable in any to use wliat liberty they 
 list in their own manner of writing ; but the con- 
 tracting and ertending the lines and sense of others 
 would appear a thankless office. Wotton. 
 
 3. To spread abroad ; to diffuse ; to ex- 
 pand. 
 
 He nnich magnifies the capacity of his under- 
 standing, who persuades himself that he can ex- 
 tend his thoughts farther tlian God exists, or 
 iuiagine any expansion where he is not. Locke. 
 
 4. To widen to a large comprehension. 
 Few citend their tlioughts towards universal 
 
 knowledge. Locke. 
 
 5. To stretch into assignable dimensions ; 
 to make local ; to magnify so as to fill 
 some assignable space. 
 
 The mind, say they, while you sustMU 
 To hold her station in the brain ; 
 You grant, at least she is extended, 
 Ergo the whole dispute is ended. Prior. 
 
 G. To enlarge ; to continue. 
 
 To Helen's bed the gods alone assign 
 Hermione t' extend the regal line. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 7. To increase by force or duration. 
 
 If much you note him, 
 Vou shall oftend him, and extend his passion : 
 "^eed and regard him not. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The eyes of Tobit carrying in themselves some 
 action ol their own, were additionally promoted 
 by tliat power which can extend their natures into 
 production of effects, beyond created efficiencies. 
 jBrijii'n's Vulg. Err. 
 
 8. To enlarge the comprehension of any 
 
 position. 
 
 Seeing it is not set down how far the bounds of 
 his speech concerning dissimilitude reach, who 
 can assure us that it eitendeth farther tiian to those 
 things only wherein the nations were idolatrous ? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 9. To impart ; to communicate. 
 
 Let there be none to extend mercy unto him. 
 
 Psalms. 
 
 10. To seize by course of law. 
 The law, that settles all you do. 
 
 And marries where you did but woo ; 
 
 And if it judge upon your side. 
 
 Will soon extend her tor your bride ; 
 
 And put lier person, goods or lands, 
 
 Or which you like best, int' your hands. Hudib. 
 
 To Extend, v. n. To reach to any dis- 
 tance. 
 
 My goodness eitendeth not to thee. Psalms. 
 
 The oigness of such a church ought to be no 
 greater than that unto wliich the voice of a preacher 
 of a middling lungs can easily CJfe?i(i. Graunt. 
 
 Exte'nder. n. s. [from extend.] The 
 person or instrument by which any 
 thing is extended. 
 
 EXT 
 
 The extension made, the extender! are to be 
 loosened gently. Wiseman. 
 
 Extendible. aJJ. [from extend.] 
 1. Capable of extension ; capable to be 
 made wider or longer. 
 
 Tubes, recenily made of fluids, are easily 
 lengthened; such as have often suffered force, 
 grow rigid, and hardly extendible. Arbuthnnt. 
 
 •i. That may be seized by law. 
 
 Exte'ndlessness. n. s. [i'vom extend.] 
 Unlimited extension. Tn this sense it 
 is once found ; but, I think, with little 
 
 propriety. 
 
 Certain molecula semiiiales must keep the world 
 from an infinitude and eitendlessness of excursions 
 every moment into new figures and animals. Hale. 
 
 Extensibi'lity. n.s. [from extensible.] 
 The quality of being extensible. 
 
 In what manner they are mixed, so as to give a 
 fibre extensibility, who'can say ? Oreie's Cos. Sacra. 
 
 Exte'nsible. adj. [extensio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Capable of being stretched into length 
 or breadth. 
 
 The malleous being fixed to an extensible mem- 
 brane, follows the traction of the muscle, and is 
 drawn inward. Holder. 
 
 2. Capable of being extended to a larger 
 comprehension. 
 
 That love is blind, is extensible beyond the ob- 
 ject of poetry. Ctanviite. 
 
 Exte'nsibleness. n. s. [from exten- 
 sible.] Capacity of being extended. 
 Extension, n. s. [from extensio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of extending. 
 
 2. The state of being extended. 
 
 The hiccough cometh of fulness of meat, espe- 
 cially in children, which causeth an extension of 
 the stomach. , Bacon 
 
 All rest satisfied at the postures of moderation, 
 and none endure the extremity of flexure or ex- 
 tension. Brown. 
 
 This foundation of the earth upon the waters, 
 or extension of it above the waters, doth agree to 
 the antediluvian earth. Burnet. 
 
 By this idea of solidity is the extension of body 
 distinguished from the extension of space : the ex- 
 tension of body beinL' nolJiing but the cohesion or 
 continuity of solid," separable, moveable parts ; 
 and the extension of space, the continuity of un- 
 solid, inseparable, and immoveable parts. Locfce. 
 
 Exte'nsional. adj. [from extension.] 
 Long drawn out ; having great extent. 
 
 You run into these eitensional phantasms, which 
 I look upon as contemptuously, as upon the quick 
 wrigglings up and down of pismires. More. 
 
 Exte'nsive. adj. [extensivus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Wide; large. 
 
 I would not be understood to recommend to all a 
 pursuit of those sciences, to those extensive lengths 
 to which the moderns have advanced them. U atts. 
 
 2. Tliat may be extended. Not used. 
 Silver beaters chuse the finest coin, as that which 
 
 is most extensive under the hammer. Boyle. 
 
 Exte'nsively. adv. [from extensive.] 
 Widely; largely. 
 
 'Tis impossible for any to pass a right judge- 
 ment concerning them, without entering into most 
 of tliese circumstances, and surveying them ex- 
 tensively, and comparing and balancing them all 
 aright. Watts. 
 
 Exte'nsiveness. 71. s. [{rom exfetisive.] 
 
 1 . Largeness ; diffusiveness ; wideness. 
 
 As we have reason to admire the excellency of 
 
 this contrivance, so liave we to applaud the caien- 
 
 siveness of the benefit. Goi-ei-nment of the Toi.gue. 
 
 An extoisiveness of understanding and a large 
 
 memory are of service. U'aiu's Logick. 
 
 •2. Possibility to be extended. 
 
 We take notice of the wonderful dikilibility or 
 
 EXT 
 
 eitemivenesa of the throats and gullets of serpents : 
 I myself have taken two entire adult mice out of 
 the stomach of an adder, whose neck vvas not big- 
 ger than my little finger. Ray on the Crea. 
 
 Exte'nsor. n. s. [Lat.] The muscle 
 by which any limb is extended. 
 
 E:ttcnSin-6 are muscles so called, which serve to 
 extend any part. Quiney. 
 
 Civil people had the flexors of the head very 
 strong ; but in the insolent there was a great over- 
 balance of strength in the extettsort of the neck. 
 Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib. 
 Exte'nt. participle from extend. Ex- 
 tended. Not used. 
 
 Both his hands most filthy feculent, 
 Above the water were on high extent. 
 And fain'd to wash themselves incessantly. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Exte'nt. ?i. s. [extenttis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Space or degree to which any thing is 
 extended. 
 
 If I mean to reigti 
 David's true heir, and his fullsceptre sway 
 To just extent over all Israel's sons. Milton. 
 
 2. Bulk ; size ; compass. 
 
 The serpent subtlest beast of all the field. 
 Of huge extent sometimes. Miltm. 
 
 Ariana, of Darius' race. 
 That rul'd th' extent of Asia. _ _ Glover. 
 
 3. Communication ; distribution. 
 
 An emperour of Rome, 
 Troubled, confronted thus, and for th' extent. 
 Of equal justice us'd with such contempt. Shak. 
 
 4. Execution ; seizure. 
 
 Let my officers 
 Make an extent upon his house and land, 
 And turn him going. Shakesp. As you Like it. 
 
 To EXTENUATE, v. a. [extenuo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To lessen ; to make small or slender in 
 bulk. 
 
 His body behind his head becomes broad, from 
 whence it'is again extenuated all the way to the 
 tail. Grew's Musa:um. 
 
 2. To lessen; to diminish in any qua- 
 lity. 
 
 To persist 
 In doing wrong, eitemiates not wrong. 
 But makes it much more heavy. Shakesp. 
 
 But fortune there extenuates the crime ; 
 What's vice in me, is only mirth in him. Dryden. 
 
 3. To lessen ; to degrade ; to diminish 
 in honour. 
 
 Righteous are thy decrees on all thy works ; 
 Who can extenuate thee ? Miltoti's Farad. Lost. 
 
 4. To lessen in representation; to pal- 
 liate : opposite to agg^ravate. 
 
 When you shall these unlucky deeds relate. 
 Speak of me, as 1 am : nothing extenuate, 
 5jor set down aught in malice. Shakesp, Othello. 
 
 Upon his examination he denied little of that 
 wherewith he was charged, nor endeavoured much 
 to excuse or eitenxiate his fault ; so that, not very 
 wisely thinking to make his offence less by confes- 
 sion, "he made it enough for condemnation. Bacon. 
 
 Yet hear me, Sampson, not that I endeavour 
 To lessen or extenuate my offence. Milton. 
 
 5. To make lean. 
 
 6. To make rare : opposed to dense. 
 
 The race of all things here is to extenuate and 
 turn things to be more pneumatical and rare, and 
 not to retrograde from pneumatical to that which 
 is dense. Bacm. 
 
 Extenua'tion. n. s. [from extenuate.] 
 
 1 . The act of representing things less ill 
 than they are ; contrary to aggravation ; 
 palliation. 
 
 2. Mitigation ; alleviation of punish- 
 ment. 
 
 When sin is to be judged, the kindest enquiry 
 is what deeds of charity we can alledge meite- 
 tniatim of our punishment, Altexbury 
 
 070
 
 EXT 
 
 S. A loss of plumpness, or a general de- 
 cay of the muscular flesh of tlie whole 
 body. Quincy. 
 
 A third sort of marasmus is an eitemiution of 
 the body, caused througli an imiiiodurate heat 
 and dryness of the parts. Harvey. 
 
 EXTERIOR. adj\ [exterior, Lat.] Out- 
 ward ; external ; not intrinsick. 
 
 And what is faith, !uvo, virtue unessay'd 
 Alone, without fjfeiw help sustain'd ? Milton. 
 
 Seraphick and comniun lovers bchoi 1 eiterior 
 beauties, as children and astronomers consider 
 Galileo's optick glasses. Boi/le. 
 
 Farther, blacker, and merrier, are words whTch, 
 together with the thing they denominate, imply 
 also something else separate and eiterior to the 
 existence of tnat thing. L<H:ke. 
 
 Exte'riorly. adv, [from exterior.] 
 Outwardly ; externally ; not intrinsi- 
 cally. 
 
 You have slander'd nature in my form ; 
 Which, howsoever rude exteriorly. 
 Is 3-et the cover of a tairer mind, 
 Tiian to be butcher of an innocent child. Shak. 
 
 To EXTERMINATE, v. a. [eiltrmino, 
 Lat.] To root out ; to tear up ; to 
 drive away ; to abolish ; to destroy. 
 
 Unlucky vices, on wLicU the extennhintin^ lot 
 happened to fall. Vecaii of Pieti/. 
 
 Alexander left Grecian colonies in tlie Indies ; 
 but thej were exterminated by Sandrocotlius. 
 
 Arbuthiiot tm Coins. 
 This discovery alone is sufficient, if the vices 
 of men did not captivate their reason, to explode 
 and exterminate ranlc atheism out of the world. 
 
 Bentleit. 
 
 Extermina'tion. 71. s. [from extermi- 
 nate.] Destruction ; excision. 
 
 The question is, how far an holy war is to be 
 pursued, « hether to displanting and Ciierminalion 
 of people ? Bacon. 
 
 Extermina'tor. 71. s. [exterminator, 
 Lat.] The person or instrument by 
 which any thing is destroyed. 
 
 To ExTERMiNE. v.a. [extermino, Lat.] 
 To exterminate ; to destroy. Not used. 
 
 If you do sorrow at ray grief in love. 
 By giving love, your sorrow and my grief 
 ^^ ere botli eitennind. Shaltesp. As you like it. 
 
 Exte'rn. adj. [extei-nus, Lat.] 
 
 1. External ; outward ; visible. 
 
 ^^'hen my outward action doth demonstrate 
 The native act and figure of my heart 
 In compliment estem, 'tis not long after 
 But 1 will wear my heart upon my sleeve 
 For daws to peck at. Shakcsp. Othello. 
 
 2. Without itself; not inherent ; not in- 
 trinsick ; not depending on itself. 
 
 Wlien two bodies are pressed one against ano- 
 ther, the rare body not being so able to resist di- 
 vision as the dense, and benig not permitted to 
 retire back, by reason of the extern violence im- 
 pelling it, the parts of the rare body must be 
 severed. Digby. 
 
 EXTE'RNAL. adj. [extcrnus, Lat.] 
 1, Outward ; not proceeding from itself; 
 operating or acting from without ; op- 
 posite to interna/. 
 
 Weconie to be assured that tlierc is such a be- 
 ing, cither by an internal impression of the notion 
 of a God upon our minds, or else by sucliejfenia/ 
 and_ visible elTects as our reason tells us must be 
 attributed to some cause, and whicli we cannot 
 attribute to aiiy other, but such as we conceive 
 God to be. Tillotson. 
 
 Shells being exposed loose upon the surface of 
 the earth to tlie injuries of weather, to be trod 
 upon by horses and other cattle, and to many 
 other external accidents, are, in tract of time, 
 broken to pieces. Woodteard. 
 
 EXT 
 
 2. Having the outward appearance ; hav- 
 ing to the view or outward perception 
 any particular nature. 
 
 Adam was then no less glorious in his cxiemals: 
 he had a beautiful body as well as an immortal 
 soul. ^mth. 
 
 He that commits only the external act of ido- 
 latry is as guilty as he that commits the external 
 act of lliefl. Stillingfteet. 
 
 Exte'rn ALLY. adf. [from external.] 
 Outwardly. 
 
 The exterior ministry, externally an^l alone, hath 
 in it nothing excelleiil, as being destitute of the 
 sanctity that Gud rcijuires, and it is common to 
 wicked" men and g<jod. Taylor. 
 
 To Exti'l. v. 71. [ex and stillo, Lat.] To 
 
 drop or tlistil from. 
 Extilla'tion. 71. s. [from ex and stillo, 
 
 Lat.] The act of falling in drops. 
 
 Thev seenicd made by an exsudation (tr erfi7- 
 
 lation uf pulrifying juices out of the rockv eartJt. 
 
 Derhum's Physico 'I hcoU^f^if. 
 
 To EXTI'MULATE. u. a, [extimulo, 
 Lat.] To prick ; to incite by stimula- 
 tion. 
 
 Choler is one excretion whereby nature cx- 
 cludeth another, wliich, descending into the bow- 
 els, eitimulates and excites them unto e.xpulsion. 
 
 lirown. 
 
 Extimula'tion. n. «. [from extimulatio, 
 Lat.] Pungency ; power of exciting 
 motion or sensation. 
 
 The native spirits admit great diversity ; as, 
 hot, cold, active, dull, 6cc. whence proceed most 
 of the virtues of bodies ; but the air intermixed 
 is without virtues, and raaketli things insipid, and 
 without any eitimnlution. Bacon's Nat, Hiit. 
 
 Exti'nct. adj. [extinctjts^ Lat.] 
 
 1. Extinguished; quenched; put out. 
 
 They are extinct, quenched as tow. Isaiah. 
 
 Their purple vengeance bath'd in gore retires, 
 Her weapons bluuted, and extinct her fires, ^ope. 
 
 2. At a stop ; without progressive suc- 
 cession. 
 
 My days are eitinct. Job. 
 
 The royal family is all extinct, 
 And she who reigns bestows her crown on me. 
 
 Dry den. 
 The nobility are never likely to be extinct, be- 
 cause the greatest part of their titles descend to 
 heirs general. Suift. 
 
 3. Abolished ; out of force. 
 
 A censure inflicted a jure continues, though 
 such law be eitinct, or the lawgiver removed from 
 his office. -^ylife. 
 
 Exti'nction. n.s, [cxtinctio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of quenching or extinguish- 
 ing. 
 
 Red-hot needles or wires, extinguished in 
 quicksilver, do yet acquire a verticity according 
 to the laus of position and extinction. 
 
 Brou^is Vulg. Err. 
 
 2. The state of being quenched. 
 
 The parts are consumed through eitinctinn of 
 their native heat, and dissipation of their radical 
 moisture. Haney. 
 
 3. Destruction ; excision. 
 
 The cjtinction of nations, .nnd the desolation of 
 kingdoms, were but the effects of this destruc- 
 tive evil. Rogn's Sermons. 
 
 4. Suppression. 
 
 They lie in dead oblivion, losing half 
 Tlie fleeting moments of too short a life. 
 Total extinction of th* enlichten'd soul. Tfiomsont 
 
 To EXTINGUISH. "^ v. a. [exli/is:uo. 
 
 Lit.] 
 1. To put out; to quench. 
 
 The soft god of [jleasure thatwarm'd our desires, 
 Has broken his bow, and extinguish'd his fires. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 EXT 
 
 Then rtrtc the seed of chaos and of night, 
 Tf> blot out order, and ei.tinguisfi light. Pope. 
 
 2. To suppress ; to destroy. 
 
 They eiiinsuish the love of the |>cople to ihe 
 young king, ny remembering some imperfections 
 of his father. Hayward. 
 
 My fame of chastity, by which the skies 
 I reachi before, by ihec eittnguttfid dies. Denh 
 
 3. To cloud ; to obscure. 
 
 Betltink lliett on her virtues that surmount, 
 Her n'lt'ral graces that €itingui*}t art. Siiakap. 
 
 ExTiNGUisHABLE. adj. [from extin- 
 guish.] That may be quenched, sup- 
 pressed or destroyed. 
 Extinguisher, n.s. [£rom extinguish.] 
 A hollow cone put upon a candle to 
 quench it. 
 
 If it should ever oiTer to flarae out apaio, 1 
 Mfould use ihe conicum as an ciiingutsiter to 
 smother it. JWe's Ditineuiahgw.s. 
 
 Of it a broad extinguisher he makes, 
 And hoods the flames. Vrydcn. 
 
 'lis better to cover the vital flame witli an ei- 
 tinguisher of honour, than let it consume till it 
 burns blue, and lies a<ronizing within the socket. 
 
 Cdiur. 
 
 Extinguishment, w, s. [from extin- 
 guish.'] 
 
 1. Extinction ; suppression ; act of quench- 
 ing ; destruction. 
 
 When death's form appears, slie fcareth not 
 An utter quencliing or eitingiti^ment ; 
 
 She would he glad to meet w ith such a lot, 
 That so she might all future ill prevent. Davics. 
 
 He moved him to a war upon Flanders, for the 
 better exiinguishment of Ihe ci^il wars of France. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The immediate cause of death is the resolution 
 OT eitinguishment of the spirits. Bacon's Nat. tltst. 
 
 2. Abolition ; nullification. 
 
 Divine laws of Christian church polity may not 
 be altered by extinguishment. Hooker. 
 
 3. Termination of a family or succes- 
 sion. 
 
 His heart easily conceived treason against the 
 crown, wherein he perished himself, and made a 
 final eitinguishment of his house and honour. 
 
 Dalies. 
 
 To ExTiRP. r. a. [extirpo, Lat.] To 
 eradicate ; to root out. Not used. 
 
 Which to cxtirp he laid him prinly 
 Down in a darksome lowly place far in. Fairy Q. 
 
 Nor shall that nation boast it so with us. 
 But be ertirpcd from our provinces. Shakcsp. 
 
 To EXTIRPATE, v. a. [extirpo, Lat.] 
 To root out; to eradicate ; to exscind ; 
 to destro}*. 
 
 The rebels were crown so strong, that they 
 made account speedily to extirpate tlie British na- 
 tion in that kingdom. Dryden. 
 
 We in vain endeavour to drive the wolf from 
 our own to another's door ; the breed ought to be 
 eUirpated out of die island. Locke. 
 
 It is not the business of virtue to extirpate the 
 affections, but to regulate them. Addison s Spect. 
 
 Extirpation, w. s. [i\om extirpate.] 
 The act of rooting out ; eradication ; 
 excision ; destruction. 
 
 It is said tliat popery, for want of utter extirpa- 
 tion, hath in some places taken root and flLurished 
 again. Hot^kcr. 
 
 Religion requires the extirpation of all those 
 passions and vices which render men unsociable 
 and truublesome to one auoUter. THiotsoti. 
 
 Extirpator, n. s, [from extirpate,] 
 One who roots out ; a destroyer. 
 
 ExTispi'ciois. adj. [extispicium, Lat.] 
 Auguriid ; relating to the inspection 
 of entrails in order to prognostica- 
 tion. 
 
 671
 
 EXT 
 
 Thus hath he deluded many nations unto his 
 ausurial and eilispicious iiiventioiis, from casual 
 ana uncontrived cuiilingencies, djvining events 
 succeedln". Brou^n's Vulgar Hrronrs. 
 
 To EXTO'L. I', a. [extolo, Lat.] To 
 praise ; to magnify ; to laud ; to cele- 
 brate. 
 
 Eitol him that ridetli upon tlie hearens. 
 
 Psalms. 
 
 When a ricli man speakelh, every man holdeth 
 
 his tongue ; and look, what he saitti they citol it 
 
 to the clouds. Eccles. xiii. 
 
 Heav'n and earth shall high extol 
 Thy praises with tli' innumerable sound 
 Of'hy mns, and sacred songs, wherewith thy throne 
 Encorapass'd shall resound thee ever bless'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 Let Araby extol her happy coast, 
 Her cinnamon and sweet aiuomum boast. Drvden. 
 Exto'ller. M.S. [from extol.'] Apraiser; 
 a magnifier; one that praises to the 
 skies. 
 Exto'rsive. adj. [from ex/or*.] Hav- 
 ing the quality of drawing by violent 
 means, 
 Exto'rsively. adv. [from e-vtorsive.] 
 
 In an extorsive manner ; by violence. 
 To EXTORT. V. a. [extoi-queo, exfor- 
 tus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To draw by force ; to force away ; to 
 wrest ; to wring from one. 
 
 'Till the injurious Roman did extort 
 This tribute from us, we were free. Shakesp. 
 
 That glory never shall his wrath or might 
 Extort from me, to bow and sue for grace 
 With suppliant knee, and deify iiis pow'r. Milton. 
 
 I remember well the impious oath. 
 Hardly extorted from my trembling youth. Rmve. 
 
 My earnest desires, not any doubts of your 
 goodness, but my real concern for your welfare, 
 extort this from me. Wake. 
 
 2. To gain by violence or oppression. 
 
 His tail was strctch'd out in woud'rous length. 
 That to the house of heavenly gods it raught. 
 
 And with extorted power and Sorrow'd strengtli, 
 The ever-burning lamps from tlience it brought. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Are my chests fill'd up with extorted gc.ld ? Shak. 
 To Exto'rt. v. n. To practise oppression 
 and violence. Not used. 
 
 To whom they never gave any penny of enter- 
 tainment, but let them feed u[>on the countries, 
 and extort upon all men where they come. SpeTiser. 
 
 Before they did extort and oppress the people 
 only by colour of a lewd custom, they did after- 
 wards use the same extortions by warrant. 
 
 Dalies 071 Ireland. 
 
 Exto'rter. n. s. [from extort.] One 
 who practises oppression or extortion. 
 
 Edric the extorter was deprived by king Canute 
 of the government of Mercia. Camdcns Remains. 
 
 Exto'rtion. n. s. [from extort.] 
 
 1. The act or practice of gaining by vio- 
 lence and rapacity. 
 
 That goodness 
 Of gleaning all the land's wealth into one. 
 Into your own hands, cardinal, hy extortion. Skak. 
 Oppression and eitcrrtion did maintain tlie great- 
 iiess, and oppression and extortion did e.'ctinguish 
 the greatness of that house. Duries on Ireland. 
 
 2. Force by yvhich any thing is unjustly, 
 taken away. 
 
 Because the lords had power to impose this 
 charge, the freeholders were glad to give a great 
 part of their lands to hold the rest free from that 
 extortion. Dalies. 
 
 A succeeding king's fust recovery of rights 
 from unjust usurpations andf rfftrtions, shall never 
 be prejudiced by any act of mine. King Charles. 
 
 Extortioner, n.s. [from e.r/or/jon.] 
 One who practises by extortion ; one 
 
 EXT 
 
 who grows rich by violence and ra- 
 pacity. 
 
 There will be always murderers, and adulterers, 
 extortioners, church-robbers, traitors, and other 
 rabblement. Camden. 
 
 The covetous ertortiontr is involved in the same 
 sentence. Deeay of Piety. 
 
 To EXTRACT, v. a. \e.vtraho, extrac- 
 tum, Lat.] 
 
 1. To draw out of something. 
 
 The drawing one metal or mineral out of ano- 
 ther, we call extracting. Bacon's Physical Remains. 
 
 Out of the ashes ot all plants they extract a salt 
 which they use in medicines. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 The metallick or mineral matter i» so diffused 
 amongst the crasser matter, that it would never 
 be possible to separate and extract it. Woodward. 
 
 2. To draw by chemical operation. 
 
 They 
 Whom sunny Borneo bears, are stor'd with streams 
 Egregious, rum and rice's spirit extract. Philips. 
 
 3. To take from something of which the 
 thing taken was a part. 
 
 I now see 
 Bone of my bone, fiesh of my flesh, myself 
 Before me : woman is her name, of man 
 Extracted. Milton's Parad. Lost. 
 
 4. To draw out of any containing body 
 or cavity. 
 
 These waters were eitracted, and laid upon the 
 surface of the ground. Burnet's Theo. of the Earth. 
 
 5. To select and abstract from a larger 
 treatise. 
 
 To see how this case is represented, I have ex- 
 tracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious false- 
 hoods. Swift. 
 
 E'xTRACT. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The substance extracted ; the chief 
 parts drawn from any thing. 
 
 In tinctures, if the superfluous spirit of wine 
 be distilled oft', it leaves at the bottom that thicker 
 substance, which chemists call the extract of the 
 vegetables. Boyle. 
 
 To dip our tongues in gall, to have nothing in 
 our mouth but the extract and exhalation of our 
 inward bitterness, is no great sensuahty. 
 
 Government of tne Tongue. 
 
 2. The chief heads drawn from a book; 
 an abstract ; an epitome. 
 
 1 will present a few extracts out of authors. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Some books may be read by extracts made of 
 them by others, but only in the less important 
 arguments, and the meaner books ; else distilled 
 books are like common distilled waters, flashy 
 things. Bacons Essays. 
 
 Spend some hours every day in reading, and 
 making extracts, if your memory be weak. iSu-ift. 
 
 3. Extraction ; descent. Not used. 
 
 The apostle gives it a value suitable to its ex- 
 tract, branding it with the most ignominious im- 
 putation of foolishness. South. 
 
 Extra'ction. n. s. [e.ttraclio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of drawing one part out of a 
 compound ; the act of drawing out the 
 principal substance by chemical opera- 
 tion. 
 
 Although the charge of extraction should ex- 
 ceed the worth, at least it will discover tjature 
 and possibility. Bacon. 
 
 The distillations of waters, extractions of oils, 
 and such like experiments are unknown to the 
 ancients. Hakeuill. 
 
 It would not defray the charge and labour of 
 the extraction, and must needs be all irretrievably 
 lost. Woodward's Xat. Hist. 
 
 2. Derivation from an original ; lineage ; 
 descent. 
 
 One whose extractions from an ancient line. 
 Gives hope again that well-born men may shine ; 
 I'he meanest In your nature mild and good. 
 The noble rest secured in your blood. Waller. 
 
 EXT 
 
 A family of an ancient extraction, transported 
 
 with llie Conqueror out of Norraandy. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Extra'ctor. n. 5. [Lat.] The per- 
 son or instrument by which any thing 
 is extracted. 
 
 ExTRADi'cTlONARY. adj. [extra and 
 dictiOj Lat.] Not consisting in words 
 but realities. 
 
 Of extradicticmary and real fallacies, Aristotle 
 and logicians make six ; but we observe men are 
 commonly deceived by four thereof. Brown. 
 
 ExTRAjiiDi'ciAL. adj, [exti'a and judi- 
 cium J Lat.] Out of the regular course 
 of legal procedure. 
 
 A declaratory or extrajudicial absolution is con- 
 ferred mforo penitentiali. Aytiff'e's Parergon. 
 
 ExTRAJUDl'ciALLY. adv. [from extra- 
 judicial.] In a manner different from 
 the ordinary course of legal procedure, 
 Tlie confirmation of an election, though done 
 by a previous citation of all persons concerned, 
 may be said to be Hone cxtrqjudiciaUy, when op- 
 position ensues tliereupon. Aytiffc. 
 
 ExTRAMi'ssioN. 7i. s. [extra a.nd mitto, 
 Lat.] The act of emitting outwards ; 
 opposite to inti'omission, 
 
 Aristotle, Alhazen, and others, hold that sight 
 is by reception, and not by eitramission ; by re- 
 ceivnig the rays of the object unto the eye, and 
 not by sending any out. Brown. 
 
 Extramunda'ne. adj. [exti-a and mun- 
 duSf Lat.] Beyond the verge of the 
 material world. 
 
 'Tis a philosophy that gives the exaotest topo- 
 graphy of the citramundane spaces. 
 
 Gtanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Extra'neous. adj, [exiraneusj Lat] 
 Not belonging to anything; foreign; 
 of different substance ; not intrinsick. 
 
 Relation is not contained in the real existence 
 of things, but sometliing ej1:raneous and super- 
 induced. Locke. 
 
 When the mind refers any of its ideas to any 
 thing extraneous to them, they are then calleci 
 true or false. Locke. 
 
 Gold, when equally pure, and freed from ex- 
 trayieoits matter, is absolutely alike in colour, con- 
 sistence, specific gravity, and all other respects. 
 
 JVoodivard. 
 
 Extrao'rdinarily. adv. [from ex- 
 traordinari/,] 
 
 L In a manner out of the common me- 
 thod and order. 
 
 In the atl'airs which were not determinable one 
 way or other by the Scripture, himself gave aii 
 CTtraordinanly direction and counsel, as oft as 
 the3' sought it at his hands. Hooker. 
 
 In government it is good to use men of one 
 rank equally ; for to countenance some extraordi- 
 narily, is to make them insolent, and the rest 
 discontent. Bacon. 
 
 2. Uncommonly ; particularly ; emi- 
 nently ; remarkably. 
 
 He quoles me right ; and I hope all his quota- 
 tions, wherein he is so eitraordinarily copious and 
 elaborate, are so. Howei. 
 
 The temple of Solomon was a type, and there- 
 fore was so extraordinarily magnificent ; otherwise 
 perhaps a cheaper structure might have been as 
 serviceable. iri/Zcijis'^ MatkerJUitical Magick, 
 
 Extrao'rdinariness. n. s. [from ejc- 
 traordinan/.] Uncommonness ; emi- 
 nence ; remarkableness. 
 
 I chuse some few either for the extraordinari- 
 ness of their guilt, or the frequency of their 
 practice. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 EXTRAORDINARY. adj. [extra-> 
 ordinarius, Lat.] This word and 
 
 fi7U
 
 EXT 
 
 its derivatives are generally pronouncetl 
 extror dinar If, whereby the a is liquified 
 into the o.] 
 
 1 . Different from common order and me 
 thod ; not ordinary. 
 
 Evils must be judged inevitable, if there be no 
 apparent ordinary \v;iy to avoid tliem ; because 
 where council and advice bear rule of God's eitra- 
 vrdinary power, without extraordinary warrant, we 
 caunot"j»re5ume. Hooker 
 
 Spain had no wars save tliose which were grown 
 into an ordinary : now they have cou, led there- 
 with the eiiraordinary of the Voltaline and the 
 Palatinate. Bacon. 
 
 See what eitraordimry armies have been trans- 
 mitted thither, and what ordinary forces main- 
 tained there. Daiies. 
 
 2. Different from the common course of law. 
 
 If thev proceeded in a martial or any other f j- 
 traordinartj way, without any form of law, liis 
 njajestv should declare his justice and affection to 
 »n oldYaithful servant. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Eminem ; remarkable ; more than 
 common. 
 
 The house was built of fair and strong stone, 
 not affecting so much any extraordinary kind of 
 fineness, as an honourable representing of a firm 
 statelincss. Sidney. 
 
 TheIlK!ia^s^vorsllipped rivers, fountains, rocks, 
 or great stones, ami all thinas which seemed to 
 have somethitig extraordinary in ihem. Stiltiugjieet. 
 
 Extrao'rdinary. adv. [This word 
 seems only a colloquial barbarism, used 
 for the ease of pronunciation.] Extra- 
 ordinaril}'. 
 
 I ran over their cabinet of medals, but don't re- 
 member to have met with any things in it that are 
 extraordinary rare. Addison. 
 
 ExTRAPARo'cHiAL. adj. [e.rti-a and 
 parochia, Lat.] Not comprehended 
 within any parish. 
 
 Extraprovi'ncial. adj. [exh-a and 
 proi'incia, Lat.] Not within the same 
 province ; not within the jurisdiction of 
 the same archbishop. 
 
 An extropnninciiit citation is not valid, ultra 
 duos diiTtas, above two days journey ; nor is a ci- 
 tation valid that contains many conditions mani- 
 festly inconvenient. .iyliije's Parer;;on. 
 
 Extra REGULAR, at/j. [extra and rc- 
 gula, Lat.] Not comprehended within 
 a rule. 
 
 His provifience is extraregniar, and produces 
 strange things beyond cummun rul-s ; and he led 
 Israel through a sea, and made a rock pour forth 
 water, Taylor's Ride of' Li ring Holy. 
 
 Extra'vagance. \n. s. [extravagans, 
 
 Extra'vagancy. 5 Lat.] 
 
 J . Excursion or sally beyond prescribed 
 limits. 
 
 I have troubled you loo far with this extrava- 
 gance : I shall make no delay to recall ju vself into 
 the road again. Hammond. 
 
 2. Irregularity ; wildness. 
 
 3. Outrage ; violence ; outrageous vehe- 
 mence. 
 
 How many, by the wild fury and cxtraragancy 
 of their own passions, have put their bodies into 
 aconibustiun, and by stirring up their rage against 
 others, have armed that lierce humour aiiainst 
 themselves. TUlotsoti. 
 
 4. Unnatural tumour ; bombast. 
 
 Some verses of my own, ISIaximin and Alinan- 
 «or, cry vengeance upon me for their eitraivgajice. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 £. Waste ; vain and superfliiotis expence. 
 
 She was so expensive, that the income of three 
 
 dukes was not enough to supply het extravagance. 
 
 Arbuthiwt. 
 
 EXTRA'VAGANT. adj. [extravagans, 
 Lat.] 
 Vol. I. 
 
 EXT 
 
 1. Wandering out of his bounds. This is the 
 primogeneal sense, but not now in use. 
 
 At his warning 
 The eilravngant and erring spirit hies 
 To his confine, Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. Roving beyond just limits or prescribed 
 methods. 
 
 1 dare not ask for what you would not grant : 
 l*>ut wishes, madam, are atraiHigant ; 
 They are not bounded with things possible ; 
 1 may wish more than I presume to tell. Driiden. 
 
 3. Not comprehended in any thing. 
 Twenty constitutions of pope John XXII. are 
 
 called th'c extravagant! ; for that iliey being writ- 
 ten in no order or method, vagantu extra corpus 
 colkrlionum canonum. Aytijj'c's Varergon. 
 
 4. Irregular ; wild. 
 
 For a dance they s<-em'd 
 Somcwliat crfraiid^ojit, and wild. Milt.Par.Lo.<it. 
 
 Tliere anpcars s. inething nobly wild and ei- 
 travagojit in great natural geniuses, infinitely more 
 beautiful than turn and polishing. Addison. 
 
 New ideas em|iloyed my fancy all night, and 
 composed a wild cxtravogant dream. Addison. 
 
 5. Wasteful ; prodigal ; vainly expensive. 
 
 An iitrai'ai^fint man, who has nothing else to 
 reconnnend him but a false generosity, is often 
 more beloved than a person of a much more 
 finished character, who is defective in tJiis parti- 
 cular. Addison. 
 
 Extravagant, n. s. One who is con- 
 fined in no general rule or definition. 
 
 We pity or laugh at those fatuous eitravagants. 
 
 Olanvilte. 
 
 There are certain extravagants among people 
 
 of all sizes and professions. L' Estrange. 
 
 Extra'vagantly. adf. [from ex(ra- 
 
 vagant.'\ 
 \. In an extravagant manner ; wildly. 
 Her passion was extravagantly new ; 
 But mine is much the madder of the two.Dryrfen. 
 
 2. In an unreasonable degree. 
 
 Some are found to praise our author, and others 
 as rashly and extravagantly contradict his admi- 
 rers. Pope. 
 
 3. Expensively ; luxuriously ; wastefully; 
 profusely. 
 
 Extrava'gantness. n. s. [from exlra- 
 
 ragant.] Excess ; excursion beyond 
 
 limits. 
 
 To Extra'vagate. v.n. [extra and 
 
 vago , Lat.] To wander out of limits. 
 
 Diet. 
 ExTR.-v'vASATED. adj. [extra and vasa, 
 Lat.] Forced out of the properly con- 
 taining vessels. 
 
 The viscous matter, which lies like leather 
 upon the eitravasated blood of picurelick people, 
 may be dissolved by a due degree of heat. 
 
 Arbuthnot on .Aliment. 
 
 Extravasa'tion. n. s. [from extraia- 
 sated.] The act of forcing, or state of 
 being forced out of the proper conttiin- 
 ing vessels. 
 
 Aliment, too viscous, obstructing the glands, 
 and by its acrimony corroding tlie small vessels of 
 the lungs, after a" rupture and extravasation of 
 blood, easily j'roduces an uleer. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Extravk'nate. adj. [extra and lexa, 
 Lat.] Let out of the veins. 
 
 That there is a magnetick w ay of curing wounds, 
 bv anointing the weapon ; and that the wound is 
 ail'ected in like manner as is the citraicimte blood 
 by the sympatlietick medicine as to matter of 
 fa'ct, is with circumstances of good evidence as- 
 serted. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Extrave'rsion. n. s. [extra and ver- 
 sio, Lat.] The act of throwing out ; 
 the state of being thrown out. 
 
 EXT 
 
 Nor does there intervene heat to afford tliem 
 any colour to pretend that there is niade an er- 
 trai^criion of the sulphur, or of any of the Iwoother 
 supposed i-rinciples. Boylt. 
 
 Extra'lght. part. [This is an obso- 
 lete participle from extract ; as dii- 
 trnught from distract ] Extracted. 
 Shani'st thou not, knowing whence tlwu art 
 eitraughtf 
 To let thy tongue delect thy baselwrn licarl iShak, 
 
 EXTREME, adj. [extremm, Lat.] Ihis 
 wonl is sometimes corrupted by the su- 
 perlative termination, of which it is by 
 no means capable, as it has in itself the 
 superlative signification.] 
 
 1. Greatest; of the highest degree. 
 
 The Lord shall smite thee with a fever, an in- 
 nammation, and an extreme burning. 
 
 Unit, xxviii. S3. 
 
 They thought it the extremcst of evils to put 
 themselves at the mercy of Ibosc hungry and dis- 
 orderly people. Bacon. 
 
 2. Utmost. 
 
 The hairy fool 
 Stood on tir eiiremett verge of the swift brook. 
 Augmenting it with tears. Shakesp. As von likeit. 
 
 Miseno's cape and Bauli last he view'd. 
 That on the sea's extremest borders slooA. Addison 
 
 3. Last ; that beyond which there is no- 
 thing. 
 
 Farewell, ungrateful and unkind ! I go, 
 Condemn'd by thee, to those sad shades below : 
 I go th' extremist remedy to prove. 
 To drink oblivion, and to drench my love. Dryd. 
 
 4. Pressing in the utmost degree. 
 
 Cases of necessity being sometime but urgent, 
 sometime extreme, the consideration of pubtick 
 utility is urged equivalent to the easier Kind of 
 necessity. Hooker. 
 
 5. Rigorous ; strict. 
 
 If thou be extreme to mark what is amiss, O 
 Lord, who shall abide it ? Fsa/nu. 
 
 Extre'me. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. Utmost point ; highest degree of any 
 
 thing. 
 
 Tliither by harpy-footed furies hal'd, 
 yVt certain revolutions, all the damn'd 
 Are brought ; and feel by turns the bitter change 
 Of fierce extremes, extremes by change more fierce; 
 From beds of raging fire to starve in ice 
 Their soft ethereal warmth, and there to pine 
 Immoveable, infix'd, and frozen round 
 Periods of time ; thence hurried back to fire.Milt. 
 
 Avoid ejlremes, and shun the faults of such 
 Who still are pleas'tl loo little, or too much.Piipe. 
 
 Thev cannot bear that human natuie, which 
 they know to he imperfect, should be niised in an 
 extreme, without opposition. P<»pf '*EsSiiy t>» Homer. 
 
 2. Points at the greatest distance from 
 each other ; extremity. 
 
 The true Protestant religion is situated in the 
 t/olden mean : the enemies unto her arc the er- 
 (rcmes on either hand. Bacon. 
 
 The sy lloffistical form only shew s, that if the in- 
 termedrate idea agrees witK those it is on both 
 sides iiumediateiy applied to. llien those two re- 
 mote ones, or, as they are called, eilremcs, do cer- 
 tainly agree. Lockt. 
 
 Extre'.mely. adv. [from fj/rf/nf.] 
 
 J. In the utmost degree. 
 
 She miiiht hear, not far from her, an extremely 
 doleful voice ; but SO suppressed with a kind of 
 whispering note, that he could nut conceive the 
 words distinctly. Sidney. 
 
 2. ^'ery much ; greatly : in familiar lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Whoever sees a scoundrel in a gown reeling 
 home at midnight, is apt to be extremely com- 
 forted in his (»wn vices. Stciji. 
 
 Extremity, n. *. [extremitas, Lat.] 
 1 . The utmost point ; the highest degree. 
 4R 673
 
 EXT 
 
 She might hear, not far from lier, an extremelu 
 
 doleful voice ; but so suppressed with a kind uf 
 
 whispering nuie, that he cuuld not conceive the 
 
 words distinctl^y. Sidney. 
 
 2. Very much; greatly: in familiar language. 
 
 Whoever sees a scoundrel in a gown reeling 
 home at midnight, is apt to be extremely com- 
 forted in his own vices. Swift. 
 
 Extre'mity. n. s. [extremitasy Lat. 
 
 1. The utmost point ; the highest degree. 
 
 He that will take away extreme heat b_v setting 
 tlie biidy in extremitu of cold, sliall undoubtedly 
 remove the disease; but together with it the dis- 
 eased too. Hooker. 
 
 Should any one be cruel and uncharitable to 
 thai extremity, >et this would not prove that pro- 
 priety gave any authority. Locke. 
 
 2. The utmost parts ; the parts most re- 
 mote from the middle. 
 
 In its projier colour it is inclining to white, ex- 
 cepting the extremities or tops of the wing fea- 
 thers, wliich are ijiack. Brown. 
 
 The f.ilre»i(t(>5 of the joints must be seldom hid- 
 den, and tlie extremities or end of llie feet never. 
 
 Druden's Dufresjioij. 
 
 The extremity of pain often creates a coldness 
 in the extremities; but such a sensation is very 
 consistent with an inflammatory distemper. 
 
 Arbnthnot on Diet. 
 
 3. The points in the utmost degree of op- 
 position, or at the utmost distance from 
 each other. 
 
 He's a man of that strange composition 
 Made up uf all the worst extremities 
 Of youth and age. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 4. Remotest parts; parts at the greatest 
 distance. 
 
 They sent fleets out of the Red Sea to the er- 
 (remifies of ^Ethiopia, and imported quantities of 
 precious goods. Arbuthnot. 
 
 5. Violence of passion. 
 
 With equal measure she did moderate 
 The strong extremities of their outrage. Spenser. 
 
 If I shew no colour for my extremity, let me be 
 
 your tablesport. Shakesp. 
 
 0\ The utmost violence, rigour, or distress. 
 
 Why should not the same laws take good effect 
 on that people, being prepared by the sword, and 
 brought under by extremity? Spenser. 
 
 Their hearts she guesseth, 
 And yields her to extremity of time F. Queen. 
 
 Hepr,omised, if they should be besieged, to re- 
 lieve thera boforc they should be reduced to f.r- 
 Iremity. Clarendon. 
 
 It should be never so exposed to the extremity of 
 war as to fall into those barbarous hands. CLarend. 
 
 I wish peace, and any terms prefer, 
 Before the last extremities of war. Dryden. 
 
 7. The most aggravated state. 
 
 llic world is running mad after farce, the ex- 
 tremity of bad poetry; or rather the judgment 
 that is fallen upon dramatic writing. Dryden. 
 
 To E'XTRICATE. v. a. [ejctrico, Lat-] 
 
 To disembarrass ; to set free any one in a 
 
 state of perplexity ; to disentangle. 
 
 We run into j^reat difficulties :tbout free -Treated 
 agents, which reason cannot well extricate itself 
 out of. Locke. 
 
 These are reliefs to Nature, as they givt: her an 
 opportunity of eitricating herself from her op- 
 pressions, and recovering the several tones and 
 springs of her vessels. Addisoyi. 
 
 Extrica'tion. 71. s. [from extricate,] The 
 act of disentangling ; disentanglement. 
 
 Crude salt has a taste not properly acid, but 
 such as predominates in brine; and it does not 
 appear that this acid spirit did as such pre-exist 
 in the salt whence it was obtained, so that we 
 may suppose it to have been rather by transmuta- 
 tion than extrication. Boyle. 
 
 EXTRI'NSICAL. adj. [extrinsecus, Lat.] 
 External ; outward ; not intimately be- 
 longing ; not intrinsick. It is com- 
 morly written so, but analogy requires 
 extrinsecal. 
 
 EX V 
 
 A body cannot move, unless it be moved by 
 iomv extrinsical agent: absurd it is to think that 
 a body, by a quality in it, can work uptni itself. 
 
 Digby on Bodies. 
 
 Neither is the atom by any extrinsical impulse 
 diverted from its natural course. Hay. 
 
 Outward (jbjects, that are extrinsical to the 
 niind ; and its own operation, proceeding from 
 powers intrinsical, and proper to itself, which, 
 when reflected on by itself, bcconie also objects 
 of its contemplati(ui, are the original of all know- 
 ledge. Locke 
 
 ExTRi'NSiCALLY,(/</tJ. [from extrinsical.] 
 From without. 
 
 If to suppnse the sou! a distinct substance from 
 the body, and extrinsicalty adveiiient, he an error, 
 almost all the world liath been mistaken. Glanv. 
 
 Extri'nsick. adj. [extrinstcus, Lat.] 
 Outward; external. 
 
 When they cannot shake the main fort, they 
 try if they can possess themselves of the out- 
 w'orks, raise some prejudice against his most ex- 
 irinsick adliert-nts. Gov. of the Toyigue. 
 
 Exirinsick modes are such as ari^e from somt— 
 thing that is not in the subject or substance it- 
 self ; but it is a maniier of being which some sub- 
 stances altain, by reason (tf something external or 
 fiireign to the subject; as, tiiis ^lobe lies within 
 two yards of the wall ; this man is beloved or 
 hated. Watis's Logick. 
 
 To EXTRU'CT. r. a. [exfi'uo, exiruclum, 
 
 Lat.] To build; to raise; to form into 
 
 a structure. 
 Extru'ctor. n. s. [from exlruct,] A 
 
 builder ; a fabricator ; a contriver. 
 To Extru'de. v. a. [extrudo, Lat] To 
 
 thrust off; to drive off; to push out 
 
 with violence. 
 
 If in any part of the continent they foinid the 
 shells, they concluded that the sea had been ex- 
 truded and driven off by the mud. Woodward. 
 
 Extrusion, n. s. [extrusus, Lat.] The 
 act of thrusting or driving out. 
 
 'I'hey suppose the channel of the sea formed, 
 and mountains and caverns, by a violent depres- 
 sion of some parts of the earth, and an e.itrusion 
 and elevation of others. Burnet. 
 
 Extu'berance. 7i. s. [f.r and /u^er, Lat.] 
 Knobs, or parts protuberant ; parts that 
 rise from the rest of the body. 
 
 The gouge takes ofi' the irregularities ot extu- 
 hcrances that lie farthest from the axis of the 
 work. J\Io.io»':i Mechanical Exercises. 
 
 Exu'berance. 71. s. [exuberatio^ Lat.] 
 Overgrowth ; superfluous shoots ; use- 
 less abundance ; luxuriance. 
 
 Men esteem the overflowing of gall the exube- 
 rance of zeal, and all the promises uf the faithful 
 combatant they confidently appropriate. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Though he expatiates on the same thoughts in 
 
 different words, yet in his similies that exuberance 
 
 is avoided. Garth. 
 
 EXUBERANT, adj. [exuberans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Growing with superfluous shoots; over- 
 abundant ; superfluously plenteous ; lux- 
 uriant. 
 
 Another Flora there, of bolder hues. 
 Plays o'er the fields, and showers with sudden 
 
 hand 
 Exuberant spring Tliomsons Spring. 
 
 His similies have been thought loo exuberant, 
 and full of circumstances. Pope. 
 
 2. Abounding in the utmost degree. 
 
 Such immtfuse power, such unsearchable wis- 
 dom, and such exuberant goodness, as may justly 
 ravish us to an amazement, rather than a bare ad- 
 miration. Boyle $ Seraphick Love. 
 
 A part of that exuberant devotion, with which 
 the whole assembly raised and animated one an- 
 other, catches a reader at the greatest distance of 
 time. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Exu'beRANTLY. adv, [from exuberant.] 
 Abundantly ; to a superfluous degree. 
 
 E x u 
 
 A considerable quaiitily rjf the vegetable mat* 
 
 ter lay at the surface of "the antedilurian earth, 
 
 and renrlered it eiubcranlly fruitful. Woodward. 
 
 To Exu'berate. v. n. [exubero, Lat.] 
 
 To abound in the highest degree. 
 
 All the loveliness imparted to the creature is 
 
 lent it, to give us enlarged conceptions of that vast 
 
 confluence and iramensity that exuberates in God. 
 
 Boyle's Seraphick Lm^, 
 
 Exu'ccous. adj. [exsuccus, Lat] With- 
 out juice; dry. 
 
 This is to be elFected not only in the plant yet 
 growing, but in that which is brought einccaus 
 and dry unto us. Brtfitfn. 
 
 Exud.-v'tion. n. s. [from exudo, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of emitting in sweat ; the act 
 of emitting moisture through the pores. 
 
 The tumour sometiuic arises by a general fau- 
 datitm out of lh« cutis. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 2. Tlie matter issuing out by sweat from 
 any body. 
 
 The gum of trees, shining and clear, is but a 
 straining of the juice of the tree tlirough the wood 
 and hark ; and Cornish diaiuonds, and rock rubies, 
 w'hich are yet more resjdendent than gums, are 
 the line (j.udutions of stone. Bacim. 
 
 If it hath more dew at noon than in the morn- 
 ing, then it scemeth to he an exudation of the herb 
 itself. Bacon. 
 
 Cuckowspittle, or woodfere, that spumous 
 froiliy dew, or exudation, or both, is found espe- 
 cially about the joints of lavender and rosemary. 
 Brown s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 To Exv't>ate.\v. n. [exudo, Lat.] To 
 To Exu'de. j sweat out ; to issue out 
 by sweat. 
 
 Some perforation in the part itself, through 
 which the humour included doth exudate, may be 
 observed in such as are fresh. Brown. 
 
 The juices of the flowers are, first, the expressed 
 juice; secondly, a volatile oil, wherein the smell 
 of the plant presides ; thirdly, lioney, exuding from 
 all flowers, tlie bitter not excepted. Arbuthnot. 
 
 7b Exu'date. 1 I), a. To force out, or 
 7o Exu'uE. / throw out, as by sweat. 
 To EXU'LCERATE. v. a. [exulcero, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To make sore with an ulcer ; to affect 
 with a running or eating sore. 
 
 Cantharides, applied to any part of the boWy, 
 touch the bladder and exulcerute it, if they stay 
 on long. Bacon. 
 
 That the saliva hath a virtue of macerating 
 bodies, appears by the effects in taking away 
 warts, sometimes exulctrating the jaws, and rot- 
 ting tile teeth. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 The stagnating serum turning acrimonious, ei- 
 ulcerates aiid putrifies the bowels. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. To afflict; to corrode; to enrage. 
 
 Thoughts, my tormentors, arm'd with deadly 
 stings, 
 Mansle my apprehensive tenderest parts. 
 Exasperate, exulcerate, and raise 
 Dire inflammation, which no cooling herb 
 Or medicinal liquor can assuage. Milton. 
 
 Exulcera'tion. 71. s. [from exulcerate.] 
 I. The beginning erosion, which wears 
 away the substance and forms an ulcer. 
 
 Quinci/. 
 •2. Exacerbation ; corrosion. 
 
 This exnlceration of mind made him apt to take 
 all occasions of contradiction. Hooker. 
 
 Exu'lceratory. adj. [from exulcerate,] 
 Having a tendency to cause ulcers. 
 
 To EXU'LT. t'. 71. [exulto, Lat.] To re- 
 joice above measure ; to triumph ; to be 
 in high exaltation of gladness. 
 
 The whole world did seem to eiuk that it had 
 occasion of pouring out gifts to so blessed a pur- 
 
 pose. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Who might be your mother. 
 That you insult, exult and rail, at once 
 Over the wretched .' Shakesp. As you like it 
 
 674
 
 EYE 
 
 Ex'ULTANCE. n. s. [from exult.] Trans- 
 port ; joy ; triumph ; gladness ; exul- 
 tation. 
 
 \Vc have great cause of eiuUance nnd joy , God't 
 service being the most perfect freedom. Giro. Toi/"-. 
 
 Exultation, n. s. [exuUntio, Lat.] 
 Joy ; triumph ; rapturous delight. 
 
 Good elTects iimy ;;row in each of the peofile 
 towards other, in llicm all towartis tiieir [jastor, 
 and in tiieir pastor to wan is every of them ; between 
 whom there daily and intcrclianseably pass, in 
 the hearing of God liimseif, and in tlie presence 
 of his iioly angeis, so many lieavenly acclama- 
 tions, ciuUaiionSt provocations, petitions. Hooker. 
 
 Devotion inspires men witii sentiments of rcii- 
 gious gratitnde, and swells their hearts witli in- 
 ward transports of joy and exaltation. Addis. Freeh. 
 
 7w EXU'NDATE. v. a. [exundo, Lat] 
 To overflow. 
 
 Exunda'tion. n. s. [from exundalc] 
 Overflow ; abundance. 
 
 It is more worthy the Deity to attribnte the 
 creation of the world to the ciundation and over- 
 flowing of liis transcendent and infinite goodness, 
 
 Ray. 
 
 Exi/PERABLE. adj. {exnperahilii, Lat.] 
 Conquerable ; superable ; vincible. 
 
 Exu'pERANCE n. s. [exvperanfia, Lat.] 
 Overbalance ; greater proportion. 
 
 Rome hath less variation than London ; for on 
 tlie West side of Rome are seated France, Spain, 
 and Germany, which take ojV tlie es7tperanc€, and 
 balance tlie vigour of the Eastern parts. Brnwii. 
 
 To ExusciTATE. v.a. [exsuscito, Lat.] 
 To stir up ; to rouse. 
 
 Exu'STioN. n. s. [extistio, Lat.] The 
 act of burning up ; consumption by fire. 
 
 EXUVLE. n. s. [Lat.] Cast skins ; 
 cast shells ; whatever is thrown off, or 
 shed by animals. 
 
 They appear to be only the skins of eiuvin 
 rather than entire bodies of fishes. Woodward. 
 
 Ey. ^ May either come from 15 an island, 
 
 Ea. > by melting the Saxon 5 into y, 
 
 Ee. 3 which is usually done; or from 
 
 the Saxon ea, which signifies a water, 
 
 river, c^c. or, lastly, from leag a field, 
 
 by the same kind of melting. Gibson. 
 
 Ey'as, n. s. [iiiais, Er.] A young hawk 
 
 just taken from the nest, not able to 
 
 prey for itself. Hannnr. 
 
 An aiery of children, little eyases, that rry out. 
 
 Sluikesp. 
 
 Ey'asimusket. 71. s. A j'oung unfledged 
 
 male hawk of the musket kind. Hanmcr. 
 
 Here comes little Robin. — How now, mv evas- 
 
 inusket ; what news with you ? ShaHesp. 
 
 EYE. n.s. obsolete plural ryne, now 
 eyes, [aitga, Gothick ; ea^, Saxon ; 
 oog, Dutch ; ee, Scottish, plur. eene.] 
 
 1 . The organ of vision ; the medium of 
 the sense of sight. 
 
 Good sir John, as you have one ate upon my 
 
 follies, turn another iiito the register of your own, 
 
 tliat I may pass with a reproof off ihe easier. S'wfc. 
 
 Vouchsafe, bright moon, and tliese thy stars to 
 
 shine, 
 
 Those clouds remov'd, upon our watry eyne.Shah, 
 
 Nor doth the eye itself. 
 That most pure spirit'of sense, behold itself. 
 Not going from itself; but eyes opposed. 
 Salute each other with each other's form. Shakesp. 
 
 EYE 
 
 He kept him as the apple of iiis eiie. 
 
 Ueut. xxxii. 10. 
 
 As long lookiiig against the sun or fire hurteth 
 the cue by dilation ; so curiuus printing; iit stuall 
 voliinics, and reading of small letters, do hurt the 
 ei/e by contractidn. Bacon. 
 
 His awful presence did the crowd surprize. 
 Nor durst the rasii spectator meet his cuts ; 
 Kues that confess'd him born for kindly sway. 
 So fierce, they iiash'd intulerable day. Drydcn. 
 
 lint sure the fye of time beholds nr) name 
 So blest as thine in all the ruils of fame. Pope. 
 
 2. Sight ; ocular knowletl^. 
 
 \\ hn haih hc\vitched } on, that you sliouid not 
 ubc3' tlie truth, befcirc whose eyes Jeans Christ 
 hath been cvidenliy set forlli ? Gal. iii. 1. 
 
 3. Look ; countenance. 
 
 I'll say yon grey is not the morning*s eye, 
 'Tis but tlie pale reflex of Cynthia's brow. Sliak, 
 
 4. Front ; face. 
 
 To justify this worthy nobleman. 
 Her shall you hear disproved to your eyes. Sliak. 
 
 5. A posture of direct opposition, where 
 one thing is in the same hne Avith 
 another. 
 
 Now pass'd, on citljcr side they nimbly tack, 
 Both strive to intercept and jzujde the wind ; 
 
 And in its eye more closely tliey come hack, 
 To finish all the deaths they left behind. Dryden. 
 
 G. Aspect ; regard. 
 
 Having an ei/e to a number of rites and orders 
 in the church of England, as marrying with the 
 ring; sundry churcn-otTices, dignities, and cal- 
 lings, for which they found no commandment in 
 the holy Scripture, they thouglit by the one only 
 stroke of an axiom to have cut theui off. Hooker. 
 
 As iu Scripture a number of laws, particular 
 and positive, being in force, may not by any law 
 of man be violateo ; we are, in making laws, to 
 liave thereunto an especial eve. Hooker. 
 
 The man that is tender among you, and very 
 delicate, iiis eyes shall not be evil towards his 
 brother. Deut. 
 
 He tliat liath a bountiful eye shall be blessed. 
 ■ _ Prov. 
 
 None should be put into either of those com- 
 missions, with an eye of favour to their persons, to 
 give iheiu C(mntenance or reputation in the places 
 where the^' live. Bacoii to J'illicis. 
 
 These are intrinsick difficulties ariMug from the 
 text itself, as the uncertainty sometimes who are 
 the persons he speaks to, or the opinions or prac- 
 tices which lie has in his eye. Locke. 
 
 Winds and hurricanes at land, tempests and 
 storms at sea, have always beenlooked upon with 
 as evil an eye as earthquakes. Troot/if. Aaf. Hist, 
 
 Several performance have been justly applaud- 
 ed for llieir wit, which have been written with an 
 eye to this predominant humcur of the town. Addis. 
 
 We were the most obedient creatures in the 
 world, constant to our duty, and kept a steady 
 eye on the end for which we'^were sent hither. 
 
 Spectatoi . 
 
 In this disposal of my sister, I have had an cue 
 to her being a wit, and provided that the bride- 
 grnom be a man of sound judgment. Tutlcr. 
 
 Booksellers mention with respect the authors 
 they have printed, and consequently have an eye 
 
 to their own advantage. 
 
 Addii 
 
 7. Notice ; observation ; vigilance ; watch. 
 
 Not satisfied with our oath, he appointed a band 
 of horsemen to have an eye that we should not go 
 beyond appointed limits. Sidney. 
 
 Lawmakers must have an eye to the place uhcre, 
 and to the men amongst whom. Hiwker. 
 
 His I\Injesty hath cast his eyes upon you, as 
 finding you to be such as you sliuuld be, or hoping 
 to make you to be such as he would have you to 
 be. Bacon. 
 
 If the English liad driven tlie Irish into the 
 open countries, where they might have an eye and 
 observation upon them, tlie Irish had heeneasily 
 kept in order. Davicson Iretand. 
 
 Spenser has followed Loth Virgil and Theocri- 
 tus ni the charms which he erai-Tuys for curing 
 Britomartis of her love ; but he had also our po- 
 et's Ceiris in his Cife. Dryden s .£neid. 
 
 EYE 
 
 Mifdoobt ray constancy ; and do not Irv ; 
 But stay and ever keep me in your eyt. Un/den. 
 After this jealousy he kept u stride^ upon'him. 
 
 L' rjirah^€. 
 This methfMl of teaching children by a repeated 
 practice, under the eye and direction of the tutor, 
 till they have gut the habit of doing well, haa 
 many advuniages. Lockt. 
 
 li. Opinion formed by observation. 
 
 She told her husband she designed to be l>eaii- 
 tiful in nobody's eye but his. Sidney. 
 
 It hath, in their eye, no great affinity with the 
 forrn of tlie church of llomc. iluoker. 
 
 Like one of two contending in a prize. 
 That thinks he hath dune well in people's etjft. 
 
 Shakcip. 
 
 I was as far from meditating a war, as I was, 
 in the eve of the world, from having any prcp^ 
 rations for one. Aiw^ Charlts. 
 
 Thougli he in all the people's ei/a seeni'd great. 
 Yet greater he appcar'd in his retreat. Denhcm 
 
 9. Sight ; view ; the place in which anj 
 thing may be seen. 
 
 There shall he practice tilts and tournaments. 
 Hear sweet discourse, converse \*ith noblemen ; 
 And be, in eye of every exercise, 
 Worthy his youth and noblene:>s of birth. Shak. 
 
 10. Any thing formed like an eye. 
 
 We see colours like the eyt of a peacock's fea- 
 ther, by j)ressing our eyes on either corner, winlst 
 we look the other way. Neuiton, 
 
 11. Any small perforation. 
 
 This Ajax has not so much wit as will stop tl>c 
 eye of Helen's needle. 
 
 Shakespeare's TroHus and Cremda. 
 Does not our Saviour himself speak of the into- 
 lerable difficulty which they cause in men's |»a>- 
 sage to heaven ? Do not they make the narrow 
 way nmch narrower, and contract the catc which 
 leads to life to the streightuess of a needle's eve ^ 
 
 South. 
 
 1 2. A small catch into which a hook goes. 
 Those parts if they cohere to one another but 
 
 by rest only, may be much more easily dissociated, 
 and put into motion by any external body, than 
 they could be, if they were by liliie hooks and 
 eyes or other kind of fastenings entangled in or>e 
 another. Boyle. 
 
 33. Bud of a plant. 
 
 Prune and cut olf all your vine shoots to the 
 very root, save ore or two of the stoutest, to be 
 left with three or four eyes of young wot>d. 
 
 Kirlins KalendoT. 
 
 14. A small shade of colour. 
 The ground indeed is tawny. 
 
 —With an eye of green in't. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 Red wiih an eye of blue makes a purple. Bi..yic. 
 
 15, Power of perception, 
 
 Tlie f yes of your understanding being enlight- 
 ened. ' Ep)t. i. 
 A sift dutli blind tlie cues of the wise. 
 
 De^it. xTi. 10. 
 
 To Eye. v.a. [from the noun.] To 
 watch ; to keep in view ; to observe ; 
 to look on ; to gaze on. 
 
 When they are laid in garrison, they may better 
 hide their defaults th;in wh.n iliey are in camp, 
 where tliey are continually eyed and noted of all 
 men. ' Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Full many a lady 
 I've eyd wiili best regard. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 ' The kitchen Malkin pins 
 Her richest lockram 'bout her reeky neck, 
 Clamb'ring the walls to eye him. 
 
 Shakesp. Coriclanus. 
 Bid (he cheek be ready witli a blush, 
 IModest as mon.ing, when she coldly eyes 
 The youthful Phcctms. 
 
 Shakesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 Bold deed thou hast presum'd, advent'roui 
 Eve, 
 .■\nd peril great provok'd, who thus hath dar'd, 
 Had it been only coveting to eye 
 riiat sacred fruit. Milton s Para^iv Lost. 
 
 Such a story as the basilisk is that of the wolf, 
 concemiug priority of vision, tiiat a man becomes 
 
 67»
 
 EYE 
 
 hoarse and dumb, if tlie wolf have the advantage 
 first til eye him. Brown. 
 
 It was'needful for the hare perpetuallv to euf her 
 pursuini» enemy. Move's Antidote agaimt Atheism. 
 
 Then gave it to his faithful squire, 
 With Icssnns how t' observe and eye UerMudU/ras. 
 
 Ktje nature's walks, slioot fully as it flies, 
 And calch the manners livini; as they rise. Pope. 
 
 Have a box when eunuchs sing. 
 And foremost in the circle eye a kine. 
 
 rope's Horace. 
 
 To EYE. V. n. To appear ; to show ; to 
 
 bear an appearance. Not used. 
 
 Forgive me. 
 Since my becomings kill me when they do not 
 Eye well to you. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 Ey'eball. n. s. [et/e and ball.] The 
 apple of the eye, the pupil. 
 
 Be subject to no sight but mine : invisible 
 To every eyeball else. Shakesp, Tempest. 
 
 I feel my hair grow stiff, my eyeballs rowl ; 
 This is the only form could shake my soul. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Not when a gilt bntTet's reflected pride 
 Turns you from sound philosophy aside. 
 Not when from plate to plate your eyeballs mil, 
 And the brain dances to the mantling bowl. Pope. 
 
 Eyebri'ght. n. s. [euphrasia, Lat.] A 
 plant, called by Milton Euphrasy. 
 
 Ey'ebrow. n. s. [eye and broiv^ The 
 
 hairy arch over the eye. 
 
 The lover, 
 Sighing like a furnace, with a woful ballad 
 Made to his mistress* eyebrow. .Shak. As you like it. 
 On the seventh day he shall shave all his hair 
 off his head, his beard and his eyebrows. 
 
 Lev, xiv. 9. 
 
 Above stand the eyelrrows, to keep any thing 
 
 from running down upon the es^es ; as drops of 
 
 sweat from the forehead, or dust. Jiay. 
 
 The balls of his broad eyes roll'd in his head. 
 And glar'd betwixt a yellow and a red ; 
 He look'd a lion with a gloomy stare. 
 And o'er his eyebrows hung his matted hair. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Eyed. adj. [from eye.] Having eyes : 
 used in composition. 
 
 Some reliques of the true antiquity. 
 Though disfigured, a well-ej/ed man 
 May happily discover. Spenser. 
 
 1 II not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool. 
 To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield 
 To Christian intercessors. Shakesp. 
 
 Eyedrop, n. s. [ei/c and drop,] Tear. 
 
 That tyranny which never quaft but blood. 
 Would, iiy beholding him,- have wash'd his knife 
 With gentle eyedrops. Shakesp. Henry \l. 
 
 Ey'eglance. n. s. [eye and glance,] 
 
 Quick notice of the eye. 
 
 His countenance was bold, and bashed not 
 For Guynn's looks ; but scornful eyeglance at him 
 shot. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Eyeglass, n, s, [eye and glass.] Spec- 
 tacles ; glass to assist the sight. 
 
 Ha' not you seen Camillo ? 
 But that's past doubt you have ; or y out eyeglass 
 is tliicker than a cuckhold's horn. Shakesp. 
 
 Bv comparing it with a good perspective of four 
 foot'in length, made with a concave eyeglass, I 
 could read at a greater distance with my own in- 
 strument than with the glass. Newton. 
 
 Ey'elash. n, s. [eye and lash.] The 
 
 line of hair that edges the eyelid. 
 Eyeless, adj. [from eye.] Wanting 
 eyes ; sightless ; deprived of sight. 
 
 A jiroclaini'd prize ! most happy 1 
 That eyeless head of thine was first fram'd flesh 
 To raise ray fortunes. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Promise was, that I 
 Should Israel from Pliilistian yoke deliver : 
 
 EYE 
 
 .\sk for this great deliverer now, and find him 
 Eyeless in Gaza, at the mill with slaves. Milton. 
 
 Pentheus durst deride 
 The cheated people, and the ei/e/«s guide. 
 
 Addison. 
 Meonides, 
 Poor eueless pilgrim. Phillips. 
 
 Cyclop, if any pitying thy disgrace, 
 Ask who disfigur'd t'fnis that eyeless face. Pope. 
 
 Ey'elet. n. s. [mllet, French, a little 
 
 eye.] A hole through which light inay 
 
 enter ; any small perforation for a lace 
 
 to go through. 
 
 Slitting the back and fingers of a glove, I made 
 eyelet holes to draw it close. Wiseaxans Surgery, 
 
 Ey'elid. n, s. [eye and lid.] The mem- 
 brane that shuts over the eye. 
 
 JMark when she miles with amiable cheer, 
 And tell me whereto can 3'e liken it f 
 
 W hen on each eyelid sweetly do appear 
 .An hundred graces as in shade to sit. 
 
 Spenser's Sonnets. 
 
 On ray eyelids is the shadow of death. 
 
 Job. xvi. 16. 
 
 Fetch rae that flower ; the herb 1 shew'd thee 
 once ; 
 The juice of it, on sleeping eyelids laid, 
 \\ ill make or man or woman madly doat 
 Upon the next live creature that it sees. Shakesp. 
 
 The Turks have a black powder, made of a 
 mineral called alcohol, which with a fine long 
 pencil they lay under their eyelids, which doth 
 colour black, whereby the white of the eye is set 
 off more while. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 At length, the crackling noise and dreadful bla^e 
 Call'il up some waking lover to the sieht ; 
 
 And long it was ere he the rest could raise, 
 Whose heavy eyelids 3'et were full of night. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Eyese'rvant. 71. s, [eye and .icrvant,] 
 A servant tliat works only while 
 watclied. 
 
 Eyese'rvice. n,s. [eye and sei-vice.] 
 Service performed only under inspec- 
 tion. 
 
 Servants, ohcy in all things your masters ; not 
 with eyescrvice, as men-pleasers, but in sinplencss 
 of heart. Co(. iii. 
 
 Ey'eshot. n, s, [eye and shot] Sight; 
 ance ; view. 
 
 1 must not think of sharing the booty before I 
 am free from danger, and out of e_!/«'io* from the 
 other windows. " Dryden. 
 
 I have preserved many a young man froni her 
 eyeshot by this means. Spectator. 
 
 Ey'esight. n. s. [eye and sight,] Sight 
 of the eye. 
 
 The Lord hath recompensed rae according to 
 my cleanness in his eyesight. 2 Sam. 
 
 ftlethinks I see thee, now thou art below. 
 As one dead in the bottom of a tomb ; 
 Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Though sight be lost. 
 Lift- yet hath many solaces, enjoy'd 
 Where other senses want not their delights. 
 At home in leisure and domestick ease. 
 Exempt from many a care and chance, to which 
 Eyesight exposes daily men abroad. 
 
 Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight, 
 
 being himself a chief captain at I he siege of Jopa- 
 
 ta, where these events happened. Wilkins. 
 
 He blinds the wise, gives eyesight to the blind. 
 
 And molds and stamps anew the lovers mind. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 Ey'esore. n. s. [eye and sore.] Some- 
 thing offensive to the sight. 
 
 Hath the church of Christ, from the first be- 
 ginning, by a secret universal instinct of God's 
 
 gla 
 
 E Y R 
 
 good spirit, always tied itself to end neither ser- 
 mon, nor almost any speech of moment, which 
 hath concerned matters of God, without some spe- 
 cial words of honour and glory to the Trinity, 
 wliich we all adore ; and is tlie like conclusion nf 
 psalms become now, at length, an eyesore, or a 
 galling to the ears that hear it? Hooker. 
 
 Fy, dotr this habit ; shame to your estate, 
 AiiAeyesoreto our solemn festival. Shakesp, 
 
 As soon as the two lords came thither they 
 covered, to the trouble of the other ; but having 
 presently to speak, they were quickly freed from 
 that eyesore, Clurendon, 
 
 Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman.L'Esfrange. 
 
 He's the best piece'iaf man's flesh in the market; 
 not an eyesore in his whole body. 
 
 Dryaens Don Sebastian. 
 
 Eyespo'tted. adj. [eye and spot.] 
 Marked with spots like eyes. 
 
 Nor Juno's bird, in her eyespotted train. 
 So many goodly colours doth contain. Spenser. 
 
 Ey'estring. n. s. [eye and string.] The 
 string of the eye ; the tendon by which 
 the eye is moved. 
 
 I would have broke mine eyestrings ; crackt 
 them, but 
 To look upon him. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 To know whether the sheep are sound or not, 
 see that their gums be red and the eyestrings rud- 
 dy. Mortimer. 
 
 Ey'etooth. n. s. [eye and tooth.] The 
 tooth on the upper jaw next on each 
 side to the grinders ; the fang. 
 
 The next tooth on each side stronger and deeper 
 rooted, and more pointed, called canjni, in English 
 eyeteeth, to tear the more tough sort of aliments. 
 Ray on the Creation, 
 
 Ey'ewink. w. s. [eye and wink.] A 
 wink, as a hint or token. 
 
 They would have won any woman's heart ; and, 
 1 warrant you, they could never get an eyewink 
 of her. Shakesp, 
 
 Eyewi'tness. 11. s. [eye and 7vit?isss.] 
 An ocular evidence ; one who gives tes- 
 timony to facts seen with his own eyes. 
 
 We made known unto vou the power and 
 coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and were eye- 
 uilHesses of his majesty. _ 2 Peter. 
 
 To meet him all his saints, wlio silent stood 
 Eycu-ii}iesscs of his almighty acts. 
 With jubilee advanced. " Milton's Paradise Lost, 
 
 The curious, by laying together circumstances, 
 attestations, and characters of those who are con- 
 cerned in them, either receive or reject what at 
 first but ci/ciiitness« could absolutely believe or 
 disbelieve. Addison on the Christian P^eligion, 
 
 Eyre. n. s. [eyre, Fr. iter, Lat.] The 
 court of justices itinerants ; and justices 
 in ei/re are those only, which Bracton 
 in many places calls justiciarios itine- 
 rantcs. The eyre also of the forest _ is 
 nothing but the justice-seat, otherwise 
 called ; which is, or should, by ancient 
 custom, be held every three years by 
 the justices of the forest, journeying up 
 and down to that purpose. Cowel. 
 
 Ey'ry. n. s. [from ey an egg.] The 
 place where birds of prey build their 
 nests and hatch. 
 
 But I was born so high. 
 Our eyrie buildeth in the cedars top, 
 And dallies with the wind, and scorns the sun. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 The eagle, and the stork. 
 On cliffs and cedar-tops their eyries build. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Some haggard hawk, who had her eyry nigh. 
 Well pounc^ to fasten, and well wing'd to fly. 
 
 fjjryden.
 
 F. 
 
 FAB 
 
 ICT A consonant generally reckoned by 
 •*- 9 authors, and admitted by Scaliger, 
 among the semi-vowels, and according 
 to that opinion distinguished in the enu- 
 meration of the alphabet by a name be- 
 ginning with a vowel, yet has so far the 
 nature of a mute, that it is easily pro- 
 nounced before a liquid in tlic same 
 syllable. It has in English an invari- 
 able sound, formed by compression of 
 the whole lips and a forcible breath. 
 Its kindred letter is V, which, in the 
 Islandic alphabet, is only distinguished 
 from it by a point in the body of the 
 letter. 
 
 Faba'ceous. adj. [fabaceus , Lat.] 
 Having the nature of a bean. Did. 
 
 FA'BLE. n. *. [fable, Vx.fubula, Lat.] 
 J. A feigned story intended to enforce 
 some moral precept. 
 
 Jotliam's fahie of the trees is the oldest extant, 
 and as beautiful as any made since. Addii. Sped. 
 
 2. A fiction in general. 
 
 Triptolemus, so sung the nine. 
 Strew 'd plenty frtjra his cart divine ; 
 But, spite of all those /ufik-niakcrs, 
 He never sow'd on Alniaign acres. Dryden. 
 
 Palladius coming to die somewhere in the fiortli 
 part of Britain, may seem to give some kind of 
 countenance to those /iiiffs that make him to have 
 lived many years among the Scots. Lloyd. 
 
 3. A vitious or foolish fiction. 
 
 But refuse profane and old wivtsfaldes. 
 
 1 Tim. iv. 7. 
 
 4. The series or contexture of events which 
 constitute a poem epick or draraatick. 
 
 The moral is the first business of the poet : this 
 being formed, he contrives such a design or fable 
 as may be most suitable to tlie moral. 
 
 Dnjdeiis Dufres. 
 
 The first tiling to be considered in an epick 
 poem is ihofuble, whicli is perfect or imperfect, 
 according as the action, which it relates, is more 
 or less so. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 0. A lye ; a vitious falsehood. This sense 
 merely familiar. 
 
 It would look like a fable to report that this 
 gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret 
 methods. Addison. 
 
 To Fa'ble. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To feign ; to write not truth but fiction. 
 
 Tliat Saturn's sons rcceiv'd the three-fold reign 
 Of heav'n, of ocean, and deep iiell beneath, 
 Old pnels mention, _/afc/in^. Prior. 
 
 Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell. 
 That wav'ring conquest still desires to rove ! 
 
 In Maribro s camp the goddess knows to dwell. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. To tell falsehoods ; to lye : a familiar 
 use. 
 
 He/a6/es not : I liear the enemy. Shak.Hcn.Yl. 
 
 To Fa'ble. v. a. To feign ; to tell falsely. 
 
 VVe mean to win. 
 Or turn tliis heav'n itself into the hell 
 1'houfablest. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 'CafWes of th' Hesperides, they seem'd 
 Fairer than feign'd of old, orfabl'd since 
 Of fairv damsels met in forest wide, 
 By knfghts. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 F A C 
 
 Fa'bled. adj. [(romfabie.'] Celebrated 
 in fables. 
 
 Hai\, fabled grotto ! hail, Elysian soil ! 
 
 Thou fairest spot of fair Britannia's isle ! Tickell. 
 Fa'bler. U.S. [from fable.] A dealer 
 
 in fiction ; a writer of feigned stories. 
 To FA'l'-RICATE. v. a. [fabricor, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To build ; to construct. 
 
 2. To forge ; to devise fulsel)'. This 
 sense is retained among the Scottish 
 lawyers ; for when they suspect a paper 
 to be forged, they say \X.'\s fabricated- 
 
 Fabrication, n. s. [from fabricali.] 
 The act of building ; construction. 
 
 This fabrication of tlie human l)ody is the im- 
 mediate work of a vital principle, that formctli the 
 first rudiments of the human nature. ilalc. 
 
 Fa'brick. n. s. [fabrica, Lat.] 
 
 1. A building; an edifice. 
 
 There must be an exquisite care to place the co- 
 lumns, set in several stories, most precisely one 
 over another, that so the solid may answer to the 
 solid, and the vacuities t>» the vacuities, as well 
 for beauty as strength of the /ii/»''ic/c. H'olton. 
 
 2. Any system or compages of matter; 
 any body formed by the conjunction of 
 dissimilar parts. 
 
 Still will ye thuik it strange. 
 That all the [larts of this great fi/^nc/t change ; 
 Quit their old station and prinieval frame. Prior. 
 
 To Fa'brick. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 To build ; to form ; to construct. 
 
 Shew what laws of life 
 The ciieese inhabitants observe, and how 
 Fabrick their mansions. Phillips. 
 
 Fa'bulist. n. s. [Jabuliste, Fr.] A 
 writer of fables. 
 
 Quitting .llsop and tlie/c<!m/is!s, he copies Boc- 
 
 cace. CroTal. 
 
 OuThard'sii fabulist, and deals in fiction. Garric. 
 
 Fabulo'sity. n.s. [fabulositas,J-,at.'] 
 Fulness of feigned stories ; fabulous 
 invention. 
 
 In their fabulosity they report, that they liad 
 observations for twenty thousand years. 
 
 Abbot's Dcscript. of the World. 
 
 Fa'bulous. adj. [ fabutosus, Lat.] Feign- 
 ed ; full of fables, invented tales. 
 
 A i)ers<m terrified with the imai^ination of spec- 
 tres, is more reasonable than orie who thinks the 
 appearance of spirits^iiftitAniS and groundless. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Fa'bulously. adv. [from fabulous.] In 
 fiction ; in a fabulous manner. 
 
 There are many th'u\gsfabulou.<ily ileliverci'l. and 
 are not to be accepted as truths. i'mii-H'sI'iifj. Kit. 
 
 FACE. n. s. [face, Fr. from fades, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The visage. 
 
 The children of Israel saw the face of Jloses, 
 that llie skin of ■Moses's_/iiee shone. Er. ixxiv..'x5. 
 
 A man shall see faces, which, if you examine 
 them part by part, you shall never fiiid good ; but 
 take tnem together, are not uncomely. Bacon. 
 
 From beauty still to beauty ranging. 
 In every focf I found a dart, .-iddisou's SpcctaUrr. 
 
 2. Countenance ; cast of the features ; 
 look ; air of the face. 
 
 Kick'd out, we set iJie best/ure on't we could. 
 Dniden's Vir^ril. 
 
 F A C 
 
 Seii'd and ty'd down to judge, how wretched I ! 
 ^Miu can't be silent, and wliu will not Ivc : 
 To laugh, were want of goodness and oi grace ; 
 And to be grave, cxcceJs all power oiface. Pep*. 
 
 3. The surface of any thing. 
 
 A mist watered the whole /ace of llic ground. 
 
 Cenetit. 
 
 4. The front or forepart of any thing. 
 
 The breadth of the face of the house, towardi 
 tile East, was an hundred cubits. Etek. ili. 14. 
 
 5. V'isible state of affairs. 
 
 lie look'd and saw the face of things quite 
 chang'd. 
 The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar ; 
 All now was turn'd to jollity and game. 
 To luxurv and riot, feast and dance. Milton. 
 
 TU'ii \vould produce a new face of ihines in 
 Europe. Addison, 
 
 6. Appearance ; reseml)lance ; look. 
 Kecji still your iormcrface, and mix again 
 
 ^Vith these lost spirits ; run all their mazes with 
 
 'era ; 
 For such are treasons. Ben Jonscm. 
 
 At the first shock, with blood and powder 
 stain'd, 
 Nor heav'n, nor sea, their (orraeT face retain'd ; 
 Fury and art produce elTects so strange, 
 Thi-v trouble nature, and her visage change. Tl'u/. 
 Ifis dialogue has so much ihe face of probability, 
 that some nave mistaken it for a real conference. 
 
 Baker. 
 
 7. Presence; sight; state of confrontation. 
 
 Ye shall give her unto Eleazar, and one shall 
 slay her belore his /hoe. Xumb. xii. 3. 
 
 Jove canncii fear"; then tell me to my face. 
 That I of all the uods am least in grace. X>rv.I(ia<f. 
 
 8. Confidence ; boldness ; freedom from 
 bashfulness or confusion. 
 
 They're thinkinir, by his face. 
 To fasten in our thoughts tliat tncy have courage; 
 But 'tis not so. Shakesp. Julius C<£sar. 
 
 How many things are there which a man cannot, 
 with any face or comeliness, say or do himself? .\ 
 man can scarce allege his own merits with modesty , 
 much less extol them: a man cannot sometimes 
 brook to supplicate or beg. Bacon. 
 
 You'll find the thing will not be done 
 With ignorance aud face alone. Hudibras. 
 
 You, says the judg*' to the wolf, have the face 
 to challenge that which you tiever lost ; and you, 
 says he to'the fox, have the confidence to deny 
 th'at which you have stolen. L'Lstran^e. 
 
 This is the man tliat has the face to charge 
 others with false citations. Titlotson, Preface. 
 
 9. Distortion of the face. 
 
 Sha:ac itself? 
 W hy do you make such faces f Shakesp. Macbeth 
 
 Face fu Face. [An adverbial expres- 
 sion.] 
 
 1. When both parties are present. 
 
 It is m.t ilic manner of ll.e Romans to delivtr 
 any man to die, before that he which is accused 
 have his accusers^iicc toface. .icts. xxv. 16. 
 
 2. Nakedly ; without the interposition of 
 other bodies. 
 
 Now we see through a glass darkly j but then 
 face toface. 1 t'"'. xiii. 1*. 
 
 To Face. f. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To carry a false appearance ; to play 
 the hypocrite. 
 
 Thou needs must learn to laugh, or lye. 
 To /(ice, to forge, to scotl", to coiiipany. Hui>i- Tat. 
 
 2. 'i'o turn the face ; to come in front. 
 Face about, man ; a soldier, and afraid of the 
 
 enemy ! Dryden. 
 
 Then thrice the mounted squadrons ride around 
 
 The fire, and .Arcite's name ihcv thrice resound ; 
 
 G77
 
 FAC 
 
 Hail and farewell they shouted thrice araain, 
 Thrice fachig tu the left, and thence they tum'd 
 aguin. Drydcn. 
 
 To Face. r. a. 
 
 1. To meet in front;- to oppose with con- 
 fidence and firmness. 
 
 I'll /ace 
 This tempest, and deserve the name of king.Dru. 
 VVe get intelligence of the force uf tlie eiieinv, 
 and cast ahout for a sullicieiit nuniher of troops to 
 J'ace the eneinv In the field uf battle. 
 
 Addis, on the War. 
 
 They arc as loth to see tlic fires kindled in 
 
 Smithneld as his lordship ; and, at least, as ready 
 
 tojace them under a popish perbccution. Swijt. 
 
 2. To oppose with impudence ; common- 
 ly with down. 
 
 We Irepan'ri the state, and/ac'ti it dmvn 
 AVith plots and projects of our own. Iludibms. 
 
 IJccause he walk d against his will, 
 IJcJac'd men doun (hat he stood still. Prior. 
 
 3. To standi opposite to. 
 
 On one side is the head of the emperor Trajan ; 
 the reverse lias on it the circus Maximus, and a 
 view of the side of the Palatine mountain tliat 
 faces it. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The temple is described square, and the four 
 fronts with open gates, fa^ng the diiferent quar- 
 ters of the w orld. rope. 
 
 4. To cover with an additional superficies; 
 lo invest with a covering. 
 
 The fortification ofSoleurreis/flced with marble. 
 
 Addison. 
 Where your old bank is hollow, face it with 
 the first spit of earth that you dig out of tlie ditch. 
 Mortimer's Hushandri). 
 Fa'celess. adj. [from face.] lieing 
 without a face. Bailey. 
 
 Facepa'inter. n. s. [f^ce and pain- 
 ter.] A drawer of portraits ; a painter 
 wlio draws from the life. 
 Facepa'inting. n. s. [face and paint- 
 ing,] The art of drawing portraits. 
 
 Georgione, the coterapovary of Titian, excelled 
 in portraits or facepainting. Drudcns Dnfresnou- 
 
 Fa'cet. w. s. [facette, Fr.] A small 
 surface ; a superficies cut into several 
 angles. 
 
 Honour that is gained and broken upon another, 
 hath the quickest reflection, like diamonds cut 
 with Jacets. Bacon. 
 
 FACl'l'TlOUS. adj. [facctievx,TY. fa- 
 ceiia, Lat.] Gay ; chearful ; lively ; 
 merry ; witty. It is used both of per- 
 sons and sentiments. 
 
 Socrates, informed of some derogating speeches 
 used of him behind his back, made this facetious 
 reply. Let him beat me too wlien 1 am alisent. 
 
 Government oj the Tongue. 
 Face'tiously. adv. [from facetious.] 
 
 Gaily ; cheerfully ; wittil}' ; merrily. 
 Face'tiousness. n. s. [from facetious-l 
 
 Cheerful wit ; mirth ; gaiety. 
 Fa'cile. adj. [facile, Fy. facilis, Lat.] 
 1. Easy; not difficult; performable or 
 attainable with little labour. 
 
 Then also those poets, which are now counted 
 most hard, will be hvihfacite and pleasant. 
 
 Milton on Education. 
 To confine the imagination is asjacile a perfor- 
 mance as the Goteham's design of hedging in the 
 cuckoo. Gtanvilte. 
 
 By dividing it into parts so distinct, the order 
 in which they sliall find each disposed, will remier 
 the vfork facile and delightful. Evelijns Kalemlar. 
 This may at first seem perplexed with many 
 difficulties, yet many things may be suggested (o 
 make it moreyiici/e and commodious. ^Wilkins. 
 2. Easily surmountable ; easily conquer- 
 able. 
 The facile gates of hell too slightly barr'd. Milt. 
 
 FAC 
 
 3. Easy of access or converse ; not haugh- 
 ty ; not supercilious ; not austere. 
 
 I meant she should he courteous, facile, sweet, 
 Hating that snleuni vice of greatness, pride, 
 
 I meant each softest virtue there should meet, 
 Fit in that softer bosom to reside. Hen JonsoH. 
 
 llaphael Uiiw, to .-Vdam's doubt propos'd. 
 Benevolent antijiiei/f, thus reply'*!. Milton. 
 
 4. Pliant ; flexible ; easily persuaded to 
 good or bad ; ductile to a fault. 
 
 Tim facile then, tliuu did'st not much gainsay ; 
 Nay didst permit, approve, and fair tlismias.Mi^t. 
 
 S'iuce Adam, and \us facile consort Eve 
 Lost Paradise, deceiv'd" by me. Milton. 
 
 Some men are of that facile temper, that they 
 are wrought upon by every object they converse 
 with, whom any afie'ctiunatc discourse, or serious 
 sermon, or any notable accident, stiail put into a 
 fit of religion.'which yet usually lasts no lunger 
 than till suniewiiatelse comesin theirway.C«/an)y. 
 
 To Facilitate, v. a. [facilifer, Fr.] 
 To make easy ; to free from difficulty ; 
 to clear from impediments. 
 
 Choice of the likeliest and best prepared metal 
 for the version \v\{]J'aciiitate the work. Bacon. 
 
 They renewed their assault two or three days 
 together, and planted cannon to facilitate their 
 passage, which did little hurt; but thcv still lost 
 many men in the attempt. Clarendon. 
 
 Though perspective cannot be called a certain 
 rule of picture, yet it is a great succour and relief 
 to art, and facilitates the means of execution. 
 
 Drydcn s Dafresnoif. 
 
 What produceth a due quantity of animal spi- 
 rits, necessary _/iic(/itn(cs the animal and natural 
 motions. Artmthnot on Diet. 
 
 A war on the side of Italy would cause a great 
 diversion of the French forces, andfacilitat^e the 
 progress of our arms in Spain. Saift. 
 
 Facility, n.s. [facilitL\Fr.facilitas,]M.] 
 
 1 . Easiness to be performed ; freedom 
 from difficulty. 
 
 Yet reason saith, reason should have ability 
 To hold these worldly things in such (iroporlion. 
 As let them come or "go wilTi evt^nfaeiUty. Sidney. 
 
 Piety could not bcdiverted from this to a more 
 commodious business by any motives of profit or 
 facility. Raleigh. 
 
 A war upon tlie Turks is more worthy than 
 upon any other Gentiles, both in point of religion 
 and in point of honour ; though/ici^ify and hope 
 of success might itivite some other choice. Bacon. 
 
 2. Readiness in performing ; dexterity. 
 They who have studied have not oi.ly learned 
 
 many excellent things, but also have acquired a 
 great facilitu of |)rotiihig themselves by reading 
 good authors. Drydcns Dufresnoy. 
 
 The facility which we get of doing things, by 
 a custom of "doing, makes them often pass in us 
 without our notice. Locke. 
 
 3. Vitious ductility ; easiness to be per- 
 suaded to good or bad ; ready compli- 
 ance. 
 
 Facilitu is worse than bribery ; for bribes come 
 now and then : but if importunity or idle respects 
 lead a man, he shall never be without than. Bacon. 
 
 'Tis a great error to take /'aci/iti/ for goodnature; 
 tenderness without discretion, is no better than a 
 more pardonable folly. b'Estrangc. 
 
 4. Easiness of access ; complaisance ; con- 
 descension ; affability. 
 
 He opens and vields liiiuself to the man of bu- 
 siness with ditficulty and reluctancy ; but ofi'ers 
 himself to the visits of a friend with facility, and 
 all the meeting readiness of appetite and desire. 
 
 South. 
 
 Facine'rious. adj. [corrupted by 
 Shakespeare from facinerovs ; f acinous, 
 fadnoris, Lat.] Wicked; facinorous. 
 
 'Tis strange, 'tis very strange, that is the brief 
 and the tedious of it ; and he s of a mi.st /hcinm- 
 oiis spirit that will not acknowl-.dge it. Shakesp. 
 
 Fa'cing. n.s. [from To /a fc] An or- 
 namental covering ; that wliich is put 
 
 FAC 
 
 on the outside of any thing by way of 
 decoration. 
 
 I'hcse othces and dignities were but thefacingt 
 and fringes of his greatness. WottoK. 
 
 FAClNOKOUrj. adj. [faciiwra, Lat] 
 Wicked ; atrocious ; detestably bad. 
 
 Faci'norousness. n. s. [from facino- 
 rous ] Wickedness in a high degree. 
 
 Fact. 71. s. {factum, Lat.] 
 
 1. A thing done; an effect produced; 
 something not barely supposed or sus- 
 pected, but really done. 
 
 In matter ^jt fact they say there is some credit 
 to be given to the testiiiiony of man ; but not in 
 matter of opinion and judgement : we see the con- 
 trary both ackno« ledgcd and universally practised 
 all t'i.roughout the world. Hooker. 
 
 As men are not to mistake tlie causes of these 
 operations, so much less are they to mistake the 
 fact iir etlect, and rashly to ta"ke that for done 
 which is not done. Baan. 
 
 Those etl'ecls which are wrought by the percus- 
 sion of the sense, and by thinus in /ucf, are pro- 
 duced likewise in some degree oy the imagination: 
 therefore if a man see another eat si'ur or acid 
 things, whicli set the teeth on edge, that object 
 taintetli the imagination. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Matter of fact breaks out and blazer with too 
 great an evidence to be ilenied. South's Scrnayns. 
 
 2. Reality ; not supposition ; not specu- 
 lation. 
 
 If this were true iii^iicf, I do not see any co- 
 lour for such a cioncusion. Addiion on the "II (rr. 
 
 Manifold sins, though in s|ieculation they may 
 be separable fcoui war, in reality and J'act never 
 fail to attend it. Sinalridge. 
 
 3. Action ; deed. 
 
 Linhappy luan ! to break the pious la^vs 
 Of nature.'pleading in his children's cause : 
 Ilowe'er the doubtful fact is tinderstood, 
 'J'is love of honour and his country's g^iod ; 
 The consul, not the father, sheds the biui<d.Dryd. 
 
 FA'CTION. n.s. [ftutimi, Fr. fuclio. 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. A party in a state. 
 
 The queen is valued thirty thousand strcmg ; 
 If she hath time to breathe.'be well assur'd 
 Her faction will be full as strong as ours. Shakesp. 
 
 He has been known to commit <mtrages. 
 And cherish factions. .ihakesp. Timmx. 
 
 By one of Simon's faction murders were cfin- 
 mitted. Mac. 
 
 By the weight of reason I should counterpoise 
 the overbalancing of any_/iiciions. King Charles. 
 
 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissension. 
 
 They remained at Newbery in great faction 
 among" themselves. Clarendon. 
 
 Fa'ctionary. n. s. [factionaire, Fr.] 
 One of a faction ; a party man. A word 
 
 not ill use. 
 
 Pr'ythee, fellow, remember my name is Mene- 
 nius; always }iicti«na)_v of the party of your ge- 
 jieral. " Shakesp. Cm^iolanus. 
 
 Fa'ctious. affj. [facticux; Fr.] 
 
 1. Given to faction ; loud and violent in 
 a party ; publickly dissentious ; addicted 
 to form parties and raise public distur- 
 bances. 
 
 He is a traitor ; let him to the Tower, 
 And crop away that_/ijc(ioHS pate of his. Shakesp. 
 Be fuctioiis for redress of all these griefs.SAafcesp. 
 
 2. Proceeding from publick dissenlions ; 
 tending to publick discord. 
 
 Grey-headed men and grave,withwarriors mixd, 
 Assenible ; and harrangues are heard; but soon 
 In factious opposition. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 'facliom tumults overbore the freedom and ho- 
 nour of the two houses. King CharUs. 
 
 Why these ^iiclious quarrels, controversies, and 
 battles aroung"5t themselves, when they were all 
 united in the same design ' Di-yden. 
 
 078
 
 F A C 
 
 Fa'ctiously. adv. [from/rtc/«oii«.] In 
 a manner crlminall)' dissentious or tu- 
 multuous. 
 
 I intended not only to oblige mj friends, but 
 mine enemies also : exceeding even the desires of 
 those that were^'acfious/y discontented. K'.CAar/«. 
 
 Fa'ctiousness. n. 5. Ifrova factious.'] 
 Inclination to publick dissention ; violent 
 clamorousness for a party. 
 Fa'ctitious. adj, [factitius, I^t.] 
 Made by art, in opposition to thatwhich 
 is made by nature. 
 
 In the making and distilling of soap, by one 
 degree of fire tlic salt, the water, and the oil or 
 grease, whereof that factitious concrete is made 
 up, being boiled up together, are easily brought 
 to incorporate. Boijle. 
 
 Hardness wherein some stones exceed all other 
 bodies, and among them the adamant, all otlior 
 stones being exalted to that degree that art in vain 
 endeavours to counterfeit it ; the factitious stones 
 ofchymists, in imitation, being easil3' detected by 
 an ordinary lapidist. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 FACTOR. n,s, [facteur,Fr.fac(or,Lat.] 
 J , An agent for another ; one who tran- 
 sacts business for another. Commonly 
 a substitute in mercantile affairs. 
 
 Take on you the charge 
 And kingl^' government of this your land ; 
 Not as protector, steward, substitute. 
 Or lowly factor for another's ga'm.Shak. Rich, III. 
 
 Piercy is but m\[ factor, good my lord, 
 T* engross up glorious deeds on my behalf. Shak. 
 
 You all three, 
 The senators alone of this great world, 
 Chiefyac(t>rs for the gods. Shakesjj.A/it. and Cleop. 
 
 We agreed that I should send up an English 
 factor, that whatsoever the island could yield 
 should be delivered at a reasonable rate. 
 
 Raleigh's Apology. 
 
 The Scots bad good intelligence, having some 
 factors doubtless at this mart, albeit they did nut 
 openly trade. Hayward. 
 
 Vile arts and restless endeavours are used by 
 some sly and venemous factors for the old repub- 
 lican cause. S<ntth. 
 
 All the reason that 1 could ever hear alledged, 
 by the chief^itctar^ for a general intromission of 
 ail sorts, sects, and persuasions, into our commu- 
 nion, is, that those who separate from us are stilT 
 and obstinate, and will not submit to the rules and 
 orders of our clmrch, and that, therefore, they 
 ou^ht to be taken away. South. 
 
 Forc'd into exile from liis rightful throne, 
 He m^de all countries where he came his own j 
 And viewing monarchs secret arts of sway, 
 A royB.] factor for iheir kingdoms lay. Dryden. 
 
 2. [In arithmetick.] The multiplicator 
 and multiplicand. Harris. 
 
 Fa'ctory. n, s. [from /i/cf rtr.] 
 
 1. A house or district inhabited by tra- 
 ders in a distant country, 
 
 2. The traders embodied in one place. 
 Facto'tum. n. s. [fac totum, Lat. It 
 
 is used likewise in biu-lesqiie French.] 
 
 A servant employed alike in all kinds 
 
 of business : as Scrub in the Stratagem. 
 
 FA'CTURE. U.S. [Fr,] The act or 
 
 manner of making any thing. 
 Fa'culty. n.s. [facuht.Fv. facultasX^t.] 
 1. The power of doing any thing ; abihty; 
 whether corporal or intellectual. 
 
 There is no kind of faculty or jiowcr in man, or 
 any creature, which can rightly perform the func- 
 tions allotted to it without perpetual aid and con- 
 currence of that supreme cause of all thiiii^s.i/iv/i. 
 
 Orators may grieve ; for in their sides, 
 Rather than heads, theirjiicu/fy abides. Dtnham. 
 Reason in man supplies the defect of other^d- 
 eulties wherein we are inferior to beasts, and what 
 we cannot compass by force we bring about by 
 •tratagp «i . L' Estranirc. 
 
 FAD 
 
 2. Powers of the mind, imagination, rea- 
 son, memory. 
 
 I understand in the prime end 
 Of nature, her the inferior ; in the mind 
 And \i\v/-drt^ faculties, wtiicli most excel. Milton. 
 
 In the ordinary way of speaking, the understand- 
 ing and will are two_/iici(»i« of the mind. Locke. 
 
 jVeither did our Saviour think it necessary t<i 
 explain to us the nature of God, hecaxise it would 
 be impossible, wjtliuut bestowing on us other Ja- 
 cnlties than wc possess at presenu SuiJ't. 
 
 3. Mechanical power. 
 The fifth meclianical^acu/(y is the wedge used 
 
 in cleaving wood. Wiikiits. 
 
 4. [In physick.] A power or ability to 
 perform any action, natural, vitil, anti 
 animal : by tlie first tliey understand 
 that by wliicli the body is nourished, or 
 another like it generated : the vital /c/- 
 cuitt/ is that b}' which life is preserved, 
 and the ordinary functions of the body 
 performed ; and the animal faculty is 
 what conducts the operations of the 
 mind. Quincy. 
 
 5. A knack ; habitual excellence ; dexterity. 
 He liad none of ihosc faculties, which the other 
 
 liad, of reconciling men to him. Clarendon. 
 
 Ourauthorfoundout monarchial absolute power 
 in that text, lie had an exceeding good faculty to 
 find it himself where he could not shew'it others. 
 
 LiKke. 
 
 He had an cxceW^nt faculty in preaching if he 
 were not too refined. Swift. 
 
 6. Quality personal ; disposition or habit 
 of good or ill. 
 
 I'm traduc'd by tongues which neither know 
 My fucultics nor person, yet will be 
 The chronicles of my do'mg.Shakesp. Henry Ylll. 
 
 7. Natural virtue ; efficacy. 
 In requiial ope his leathern scrip. 
 
 And shew me simples of a thousand names. 
 Telling their strange and vigorous Jacu/(iW. Milt. 
 
 8. Power ; authority. 
 This Duncan 
 
 Hath bom h\s faculties so meek, hath been 
 So clear in his great othce, that his virtues 
 Will plead like angels. Shakesp. Macbetlu 
 
 9. Privilege ; right to do any thing. 
 Law hatli set down to what persons, in what 
 
 causes, with what circumstances, ahnost every fa- 
 cully or favour shall Ue granted. Hooker. 
 
 10. Faculty, in an university, denotes the 
 masters and professors of the several 
 sciences : as a meeting of the faculty or 
 faculties. 
 
 Facu'nd. adj. [facufid as, Lat.] Eloquent. 
 
 To Faddle. 1'. n. [corrupted from To 
 fiddlcy or toy "with the fingers.] To tri- 
 fle ; to toy ; to play, A low word. 
 
 To Fade. v.n. [/<7r/f,Fr. insipid, languid.] 
 
 1. To tend from greater to less vigour; 
 to grow weak ; to languish. 
 
 2.Totendfromabrightei toaM'eakercolour 
 Tlie greenness of a leaf ought to pass for appa- 
 rent, because soon fading into a yellow, it scarce 
 lasts at all, in comparison of the greenness of an 
 emerald. BoijU on Colours. 
 
 The spots ill this stone are of the sama colour 
 throughout,even tothe vltv edges ; there being an 
 imniedi.ite transition fromwiiiieto black, and the 
 colours iwtfading or declining gradually. H'oiviu'. 
 
 3. To wither, as a vegetable. 
 
 Ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth , and as 
 a garden that liath no water. Isaiah, \. 30. 
 
 t. To die away gradually ; to vanish ; to 
 be Avorn out. 
 
 Where either through the temper of the hody, 
 or some other default, the memory is very weak, 
 ideas in the mind quickly /ucfe. Locke. 
 
 1- A 1 
 
 7 he stars shall fade away, the sua hiineeJ/ 
 Gniw dim with aye, and nature sink in y*:Hti.Ad. 
 
 r>. To be naturally not durable; to be tran- 
 sient ; easily to lose vigour or beauty. 
 
 The i;liiriuus beauty on the head of the fat val- 
 ley shall he a^u^ing flower. Iia'uA, ixviii. i. 
 
 The pictures drawn in our minds are laid i:i 
 fading colours, and if not sonietimcs refreshed, 
 ^■ani^h and disappear. Locke 
 
 Narcissus' change to the vain virgin shows, 
 Whii trusts to l>cauty, trusts ihej'ading rose. Cay. 
 
 To Fade. v. a. To wear away; to reduce 
 to languor ; to depiive of freshness or 
 vigour ; to wither. 
 
 'I'liis is a inaij, ohl, wrinkled, /iuffd, withered ; 
 Anil rioi a niaiilen, as thou 5.iy st he is. Hhaktsp. 
 
 Ilis palms, iho'underweiKhtsihcydidnolsland, 
 Slill thrivd ; no \\ inter could his laorels/adf.XJri/. 
 
 Ucsliuss anxiety, forlorn despair. 
 And all tlic^ui/eii'family of care. Garth's Diiptns. 
 
 To Fadgk. v.n. [sej-ejan, Sax./ug^tn, 
 fierm.] 
 
 1. To suit ; to fit ; to have one part con- 
 sistent with another. 
 
 How will ihisfailge^ my master loves her dearly. 
 And I, poor minister, fond as much on hira ; 
 And she, mistaken, seems to doat on me.Shake$p. 
 
 2. To agree; not to quarrel; to live in amity. 
 
 When they thriv'd thev nvvcrfadg'df 
 But only by the ears engag'd ; 
 Like dogs that snarl about a bone. 
 And play together when they've uone. Hudibras. 
 
 3. To succeed ; to hit. 
 
 The fox hath a fetch ; ,ind when he saw it would 
 not Jhilge. -.iwHy goes he presently. L'EsJranfc. 
 
 4. Tliis is a mean word not now used, 
 unless perhaps in ludicrous and low 
 compositions. 
 
 FjECES. n. s. [Lat.] Excrements ; set- 
 tlings after distillation and infusion. 
 
 Quincy. 
 To FAG. V. a. [faiigo, Lat.] To grow 
 weary ; to faint with weariness. 
 
 Creighton with-bekl his force 'till the Italian 
 
 begun to fagt and then brought him to the sround . 
 
 Mackenzie s Lti«x. 
 
 Fa'gend. w. *. [from /(70- and fnrf.] 
 
 1 . The end of a web of cloth, generally 
 made of coarser materials. 
 
 2. The refuse, or meaner part of any tiling. 
 
 In the worUysfageiid 
 
 A nation lies. FanAnw. 
 
 When they arc the worst of their way, and fiit 
 in the fagend of business, they arc apt to look not 
 kindly upon those who go before them. Collier, 
 
 F.V'GOT. n. s. [Jagod, \Velsh and Ar- 
 morick ; fagot, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A bundle of sticks bound togetlier for 
 the fire. 
 
 About the pile of fagots, sticks, and hay, 
 The bellows raised the newly-kindled flame.fair. 
 
 Spare for i\o fagots, let tliere be enow ; 
 Place pitchy barrels on the fatal slake. Shakesp. 
 
 Mitres or_^(i^<i(s have been the rewards of dif- 
 ferent persons, according as they pronounced these 
 consecrated svllables or not. II alls on the Mind. 
 
 2. A bundle of sticks for any purpose. 
 The lilack Prince filled a ditch with^a^oCs as 
 
 successfully as the generals of our armies do it 
 with fascines. Addiion. 
 
 3. .\ soldier numbered in the niuster-roU, 
 but not really existing. 
 
 To Fa'got. V, a. [from the noun.] To 
 tie up ; to bimdle togetlier. 
 
 lie was too warm on picking work to dwell, 
 But J(jji^i>fe(/ his notions as they fell. 
 And" if they rby m'd and rattle d, all was well.Wi-y. 
 
 To FAIL. V. H. [/ai7/er, Fr./ac/n, Welsh. 
 Pizron.] 
 
 G79
 
 F AI 
 
 1. To be deficient; to cease from former 
 plenty ; to fall short ; not to be equal to 
 demand or use. 
 
 The waters fail from tlie sea, and the flood de- 
 caj-elli and dricth up. Job xiv. 11. 
 
 W herefore should not strength and might 
 There_/<ii/ where virtue^/niVs, or weakest prove 
 Wiiere boldest, though to tight unconquerable ? 
 
 Milton. 
 
 AVhere the credit and money fail, barter alone 
 
 must do. Locke. 
 
 2. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be no 
 longer produced. 
 
 Help, Lord, for the godly man ceasctli ; for the 
 faithful Jiii/ from among the children of men. 
 
 Fsalm xii. 1. 
 
 Whether such virtue spent of old novifail'd 
 More angels to create. Milton. 
 
 3. To cease ; to perish ; to be lost. 
 
 By fate the strength of Gods 
 And this' empyreal subst;mce cannotyai7. Milton. 
 
 For Titan, by the miglity loss disniay'd, 
 Among the lieavens th' immortal fact display'd, 
 Lest the remembrance of his grief shouldyai/..(4ddi. 
 
 4. To die : to lose life. 
 
 Had the kini; in his last sickness fail'd. 
 Their heads shou'd have gone olY.Shak Hen.Ylll. 
 Both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is 
 holpen shall fall down, and they all shaUfail to- 
 getner. Isaiah, xxxi. 3. 
 
 ft. To sink ; to be born down ; to come 
 to an end. 
 
 Neither will T be always wroth ; for the spirit 
 should fail before me. Isaiah, Ivii. 16. 
 
 His works, which in our fall. 
 For us created, needs with us must^ai^ 
 Dependent made. Milton, 
 
 6 To decay ; to decline ; to languish. 
 Let none henceforth seek needless cause t'approve 
 The faith they owe ; when earnestly they seek 
 Such proof, conclude, they then begui to Jail. Milt. 
 
 I perceive 
 Thy mortal sight to fail: objects divine 
 Rlust needs impair and weary human sense. Milt. 
 
 7. To miss ; not to produce its effect. 
 
 Consider of deformity not as a sign, which is 
 deceivable, but as a cause which seldomyai/el/i of 
 the ell'ect. Bacon. 
 
 All these puissant legions, whose cxjje 
 Hath emptied heav'n, shall/ai7 to re-ascend. Mi7(. 
 This jest was first of th' other house's making, 
 And, five times try'd, has never fail'd of faking. 
 
 Driiitcn. 
 A persuasion tliat we shall overcome any dif- 
 ficulties lliat we meet with in the sciences, seldom 
 fails to carry us through (hem. Locke. 
 
 He does not remember whether every grain 
 came up or not ; but he thinks that very fcwynito/. 
 Mortimer's Husbandrii. 
 
 5. To miss ; not to succeed in a design ; 
 to miscarry. 
 
 I am enjoin'd, by oath, 'idfail 
 Of the right casket, never in my life 
 To woo a maid in way of marriage. Shakcsp. 
 
 At least our envious foe hath^atTd, who thought 
 All like himself rebellious. Milton. 
 
 In difiiculties of state, the true reason u{ failing 
 proceeds from failings in the administration. 
 
 L'Eslrangc. 
 
 Men who have been busied in the pursuit of 
 the philosopher's stone, have failed in their de- 
 sign. Addison. 
 
 9. To be deficient in duty. 
 
 Or Nature /bird in me, and left some part 
 Not proof enough such ohjctt to sustain. Milton. 
 
 Endeavour to fulfil God's connnands, to re- 
 pent us often as you fail of it, and to hope for 
 pardon of him. iVake. 
 
 To Fail. v. a. 
 
 1. To desert ; not to continue to assist or 
 supply ; to disappoint. 
 
 The ship was now left alone, as proud lords be 
 
 v<'ht-u fortulie_/iiiis them. Sidney. 
 
 So hast thou oft with guile thine honour blent ; 
 
 F A I 
 
 But little may such guile thee now avail. 
 If wonted force and fortune do not much me fail. 
 
 Spenser. 
 There shall be signs in the sun, the moon, and 
 the stars, men's hearts failing them for fear. 
 
 Luke, xxi. 26. 
 Nor could the muse defend 
 Her son, so fail not thou who thee implores. Milt. 
 I laugh, when those who at the spear are bold 
 And vent'rous, if that/aii them, shrink and fear. 
 
 Mitton. 
 Her heart failed her, and she would fain have 
 compounded for her life. L'Estrange. 
 
 He presumes upon his parts that they will not 
 /aiihim at time of^ need, and so thinks it super- 
 fluous labour to make any provision before-hand. 
 
 Locke. 
 •2. Not to assist ; to neglect ; to omit to 
 
 help. 
 
 Since nature fails us in no needful thing. 
 Why want I means my inward self to see?Davics. 
 
 3. To omit ; not to perform. 
 
 The inventive god who never fails his part, 
 Inspires the wit when once he warms the heart. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To be wanting to. 
 
 There shall not^/iii/ thee a man on the throne. 
 
 1 Kings. 
 
 Fail. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Miscarriage; miss; unsuccessfulness. 
 
 2. Omission ; non- performance. 
 
 Mark and perform it, secst thou ? for t]ie fail 
 Of any point in't shall not only be 
 Death to thyself, but to thy lewd-tongii'd wife. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He will without fail drive out from before you 
 the Canaaniles. Jos. iii. 10. 
 
 3. Deficieiice ; want. 
 
 4. Death ; extinction. 
 
 How grounded he his title to the crown 
 Upon our fail ? Shakesp. Henrii VIIL 
 
 Fa'iling. n. s. [from fail.] Deficiency ; 
 imperfection ; fault not atrocious ; lapse. 
 
 Besides v-hatfailings nui^' be in a matter, even 
 in the expressions there must often be great ob- 
 scurities. D'ghf- 
 
 To failings mild, but zealous for desert ; 
 The clearest head and the sincerest heart. Pope. 
 
 Even good men have many temptations to sub- 
 due, many conflicts with those enemies which war 
 against the soul, and many failings and lapses to 
 lament and recover. Rogers, 
 
 Fai'lure. 71. s. [from/ai'Z.] 
 
 1. Deficience ; cessation. 
 
 There must have been an universal failure and 
 want of springs and rivers all the Summer season. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 2. Omission : non-performance ; slip. 
 He that, being subject to an apoplexy, used still 
 
 to carry his remedy about him ; but upon a time 
 shifting his clothes, and not taking that with him, 
 chanced upon that very day to be surprised with a 
 fit ; he owed his death to a mere accident, to a 
 little inadvertency and failure of memory. South. 
 
 3. A lapse ; a slight fault. 
 
 FAIN. adj. [peij^n, Sax.] 
 
 1. Glad ; merry ; cheerful ; fond. It is still 
 retained in Scotland in this sense. 
 
 y\nd in her hand she held a mirrour brii^ht. 
 Wherein her face she oflcn viewed/ain. Fairy Q. 
 
 My lips uill bejuire when I sing unto thee, and 
 so will my soul whom thou hast delivered. Ps.lxxi. 
 
 2. Forced ; obliged ; compelled. [This 
 signification seems to have arisen from 
 the mistake of the original signification 
 in some ambiguous expressions ; as / 
 tfdS fain to do this, would equally suit 
 with the rest of the sentence, whether 
 il was understood to mean / iras com- 
 pelled, or / iiuis glad to do it for fear 
 
 FAI 
 
 of worse. Thus the primary meaning 
 seems to hare been early lost. 
 
 Every weight to shroud it did constrain, 
 And this fair couple eke to shroud themselved 
 wcrefain. Spenser. 
 
 Whosoever will hear, be shall find God j who- 
 soever will study to know, shall be also fain to 
 believe. Hooker. 
 
 I was^uin to forswear it ; they would else have 
 married me to the rotten medlar. Shakesp. 
 
 When Hildebrand had accursed Henry IV. 
 there were none so hardy as to defend their lord ; 
 wherefore lie was fain to humble himself before 
 Hildebrand. }laleigh's Essays. 
 
 The learned Castalio was fain to make trenchers 
 at Baste, to keep himself from starving. Locke. 
 
 Fain. adv. [from the adjective.] Gladly ; 
 very desirously; according to earnest 
 wishes. 
 
 Now I would give a thousand furlongs of sea 
 for an acre of barren ground ; I would Jirm die a 
 dry death. Shakesp. 
 
 Why would'st thou urge me to confess a flame 
 I long have stifled, and would /bin conceal. ilrfdij. 
 
 Fain would I Ilaphael's godlike art rehearse, 
 And show th' immortal labours in my verse. Addis. 
 
 The plebeians would fain have a law enacted 
 to lay all men's rights and privileges upon the 
 same level. Swift. 
 
 To Fain. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 wish ; to desire fondly. 
 
 Fairer than fairest, in h'\sfaining eye, 
 'W hose sole as[)ect he counts felicity. Spers.onLove. 
 
 To FAINT, v.n. [/awrr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To decay; to wear or waste away quickly. 
 
 Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, faint 
 before the e^'c, and decay into confusion, rope. 
 
 The show'ry arch 
 Delights and puzzles the beholder's eyes. 
 That views the wat'ry brede with thousand sliews 
 Of painture vary'd ; yet unskill'd to tell 
 Or where one colour rises, or where onefa'mts. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 2. To lose the animal functions ; to sink 
 motionless and senseless. 
 
 Their young children were out of heart, and 
 
 their women and young men fainted for thirst, 
 
 and fell down. _ Judith. 
 
 We are ready to /bint with fasting. IMac. iii. 17, 
 
 Upon hearing the honinir intended bcr, she 
 
 faitttcd away, and fell down as dead. Guardian. 
 
 3. To grow feeble ; to decline in force or 
 courage. 
 
 They'^will stand in their order, and never faint 
 in their watches. Pedes, xliii. Itt 
 
 The imagination cannot be always alike con 
 stant and strong, and if the succc"ss follow not 
 speedily it will_/ainl and lose strength. 
 
 Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 O pity and shame, that they who to live welt, 
 Enler'd'so fair, sh(mld turn aside to tread 
 Paths indirect, or in I he midway /aint. Milton. 
 
 How while the fainting Dutcli remotely fire. 
 And the fam'd Eugene's iron troops retire. Smith. 
 1. To sink into dejection. 
 Lest they /flint 
 At the sad sentence rigorously urg'd. 
 All terror hide. Miltm. 
 
 To Faint, v. a. To deject ; to depress; 
 to enfeeble. A word little in use. 
 
 It^bints me 
 To think what follows. Shakesp. Henry VIH. 
 
 Faint, flr//. [fane.Tv.] 
 
 1 . Languid ; weak ; feeble. 
 
 In intemperate climates, the spirits, exhaled by 
 heat or comprest by cold, are ieiidered_/bin( and 
 slug-ish. Temple. 
 
 liVords pronounced at length, sounded famt 
 and languid. . .Ai'i/*- 
 
 2. Not bright ; not vivid ; not striking. 
 The blue compared with these is a /bint and 
 
 dark colour, and the indigo and violet are much 
 darker and fainter. Newton. 
 
 680
 
 F A I 
 
 Tlie lenetli of tlie iiri;ige I measured from the 
 faintest and utmost red at one end, to the faintest 
 and utmost blue at the other end, excepting only 
 a little penumbra. Newton's Ojiticks. 
 
 From her naked limbs of glowing white, 
 In foldsloose floating fell lhcJ'innterhv,n.nomson. 
 
 3. Not loud; not piercing. 
 
 The pump after this beiiiL; em|>loyed from time 
 to lime, .the sound gtQw fainter aiid fainter. Boyle. 
 
 ♦. Feeble of body. 
 
 Two neighbouring shepherds /"i"t with thirst, 
 stood at the common boundary of their grounds. 
 
 Humbler. 
 
 5, Cowardly ; timorous ; not vigorous ; 
 
 not ardent. 
 
 Faint heart never won fair lady. 
 
 Proverb in Camden's Rem. 
 Our faint Egyptians pray for Antony ; 
 But in" their sc"rvilc hearts they own Octavius.Dri;, 
 
 C. Dejected ; depressed. 
 
 Consider him that cndureth sueh contradiction 
 against himself, lest he be wearied and faitit in 
 your minds. Heb. xii. 3. 
 
 7. Not vigorous ; not active. 
 
 The defects wliich hindered the conquest, were 
 thc./irm( prosecution of the war, and the looseness 
 of the civil government. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 Fainthea'rted. adj. [faint and heart.] 
 Coivardly ; timorous ; dejected ; easily 
 depressed. 
 
 Fear not, neither he fainthearted. Tsaiah, vii. -1. 
 
 Should they resolve the next day, as victorious 
 conquerors, to t.ikc the city, or else there, as 
 fdinthearled cowards, to end "their days. KiwUes. 
 
 Now the latcfuinthearted rout 
 O'erthrown and scatter'd round about, 
 Chac'd by the horrour of their fear. 
 From bloody fray of knight and bear. 
 Took heart again and fac d about, 
 As if they meant to stand it out. Iludibras. 
 
 Villian, stand oif ! base, groveling, worthless 
 wretches, 
 filongreis in faction ; poor fainthearted traitors. 
 
 Addiiott. 
 
 Fainthea'rtedly. adv. [from faint- 
 hearted.] Timorously; in a cowardly 
 manner. 
 
 Fainthea'rtedness. ti. s. [from faint- 
 heartcd,] Cowardice ; timorousness ; 
 want of courage. 
 
 Fa'inting. Ti. s. [from faint .] Deliqiii- 
 um ; temporary loss of animal motion. 
 'Xhe?-^faintings her physicians suspect to pro- 
 ceed from contusions. Ilisemau's Surgery. 
 
 Fa'intishness. n.s. [from/aiH<.] Weak- 
 ness in a slight degree ; incipient debi- 
 lity. 
 
 A certain degree of heat lengthens and relaxes 
 tlie fibres ; whence proceeds the sensation u( faint- 
 ishness and debility in a hot dav. Arbutrt. on Air. 
 
 Fa'intling. adj. [from/a(H<.] Timorous ; 
 
 feebleminded. A burlesque or low word. 
 
 Titere's no having patience, thou art such a 
 faiutling silly creature. .-Ir6ti(/i. Hist, ij' John Bull. 
 
 Fa'intly. adv. [irom faint.] 
 
 !• Feebly ; languidly. 
 
 Love's like a torch, which, if secur'd from blasts, 
 Vl'M faintly burn ; but then it longer lasts : 
 Expos"d to storms of jealousy and doubt. 
 The blaze grows greater, but 'tis sooner out. 
 
 Walsh. 
 
 2. Not in bright colours. 
 
 Nature affords at least a glirara'ring light ; 
 The lines, tho' touched but faintly, are drawn 
 right. Pope. 
 
 3. Without force of representation. 
 
 I have told you what I have seen and heard but 
 
 faintly ; nothing like the image and horrour of it. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 F A I 
 
 An obscure and confused idea represents the 
 object sujaintly, that it doth not appear plain to 
 the mind. Wutts. 
 
 4. Without Strength of body. 
 
 With his loH'd tongue hv faintly licks his prey, 
 ilis warm breath blows her llii up as she lies.Dry. 
 
 5. Not vigorously ; not actively. 
 
 Though still the famish'd EngUsh, like pale 
 gnosts, 
 Faintly besiege us one hour in a month. SltaJutp. 
 
 6. Timorously ; with dejection ; without 
 spirit. 
 
 Loth was the ape, though praised, to adventiire; 
 YkI faintly 'gan nilo his work to enter. Hub. Tate. 
 
 He faintly now declines the fatal strife ; 
 So much his love was dearer than bis life.DeiJiani. 
 
 Fa'intness. 71. s. [from faint.] 
 
 1. Languor ; feeblcneis ; want of strength. 
 
 If the prince of the lights of heaven, which now 
 as a giant doth run his unwearied courses, should 
 through a languishing_/in'ntness begin to stand. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 This proceeded not from any violence of pain, 
 but from a general languishing andfaiiitneis of spi- 
 rits, which made him think nothing worth the 
 trouble of one careful thought. Temple. 
 
 '2. Inactivity,; want t)f vigour. 
 
 This evil proceeds rather of the unsoundness 
 of tlie counsels, or of ^binlnfss in following and 
 effecting the same, than of any such fatal course 
 appointed of God. Spertser. 
 
 3. Timorousness; dejection. 
 
 The paleness of this flow'r 
 Bewray'd theyiiintiiess of my master's heart. .S/iaJt. 
 
 Fa'inty. adj. [from faint.] Weak; fee- 
 ble ; languid ; debilitated ; enfeebled. 
 
 A\ hen Winter frosts constrain the field with cold, 
 Ihefaintu root can take no steady hold. Dryden. 
 
 I'he ladies gasp'd, and scarcely could respire ; 
 The breath they drew, no lonrer air, but fire : 
 The faiyity knights were scorcu'd, and knew not 
 
 where 
 To run for shelter ; fur no shade was near. Dryd. 
 
 FAIR. adj. (jiffijep. Sax.faiir, Dan.] 
 
 1. Beautiful; elegant of feature ; hand- 
 some. Fair seems in the common ac- 
 ceptation to be restrained, when applied 
 to woman, to the beauty of the face. 
 
 He only fair, and what he^ajr hath made. 
 All olher'fair like flowers untimely fade. Spenser. 
 Thou art lifair woman to look ujion. Gen- xii. 11, 
 
 2. Not black ; not brown ; white in the 
 complexion. 
 
 I never vet saw man. 
 But she would spell him backward ; if /«ir fac'd, 
 She'd swear the gentleman should be her sister ; 
 If black, whv, nature, drawing of anaiitick. 
 Made a foul 6lot. Shak. Mueh ^do about Noihini;. 
 Let us look upon men in several climates: the 
 Ethiopians or black, flat-nosed, and crisp-haired : 
 the Moors tawny ; the Aothern people large, ami 
 Jair compiexioned. Hale. 
 
 3- Pleasing to the eye ; excellent or beau- 
 tiful in general to tlie eye or mind. 
 
 That which made her fairness much the _/iiirer 
 was tfiat it was but an ambassador of a most^iiir 
 mind. Sidney. 
 
 ( arry him gently to my fairest chamber. 
 And hang it round with all my wanton pictures. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Thus was he fair in his gicautess, and in the 
 
 length of his branches. Ftek. xxxi. 7. 
 
 For as bv depredations wasps proclaim 
 The^iiirest" fruit, so these the^uiresl fame, i'ouii^. 
 
 4. Clear; pure. 
 
 A standard of a damask-rose, with the rout on, 
 was set in a chamber where no tire was, upright in 
 an earthen pan, full affair water, half a foot un- 
 der the water. Baeon. 
 
 E^en/air water, falling upoQ wMte paper or 
 
 F A I 
 
 linen, will immediately alter the colour of ti.em, 
 
 and make it sadder than that of the uiiwettcd parts. 
 
 Boyle on Colours. 
 
 5. Not cloudy ; not foul ; not tempestuous. 
 
 Fair is foul, and foul \%fair ; 
 Hover through the fog and 6lt)iy air. Shahap. 
 
 Fair weather comctli out of tlit* earth. Job. 
 
 About three of the clock in the aficnioon the 
 weather was very fair and very warm. Ctareivdon. 
 
 6. Favourable ; prosperous : as, a fair wind. 
 
 In vain you tell your parting lover. 
 You wishybir winds may waft hira over. Prior. 
 
 7. Likely to succeed. 
 
 Your self, renowned prince, stood asfair 
 As any comer I have look'd on yet. 
 For my affection. .'ihakerp. Merch. of Vmiee. 
 
 The Caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which 
 was in afair way to have enlarged, until the^v fell 
 out. HaUi^h's iMayi. 
 
 pity and shame ! that they who to lite wcU, 
 Enter'd in fair, should turn aside to tread 
 Paths indirect, or in the midway faint. Miiton. 
 
 8. Equal ; just. 
 
 The king did so much desire a peace, that no 
 man need advise him to it, or could divert him 
 from it, if ^iiir and honourable conditions of i)eace 
 were ttfl'ered to him. Clarendon. 
 
 9. Not effected by an insidious or unlaw- 
 ful methods ; not foul. 
 
 After all these conquests he passed the rest of his 
 age in his own native country, and died ^Jair at.d 
 natural death. Temple. 
 
 10. Not practising any fraudulent or insi- 
 dious arts : as, a fair rival, a fair dispu - 
 tant. 
 
 Virtuous and vicious ev'ri^ man must be. 
 Few in th' extreme, but all in the degree ; 
 The rogue and fool by fits is /air and w ise. 
 And cv- n tlie best, by tits, what tliey despise.Prifw. 
 
 1 1 . Open ; direct. 
 
 For still, methought, she sung not far awav : 
 At last I found her on a laurel-sprajr : 
 Close by my side she sat, and /bir in sight. 
 Full in a line, against her opposite. Vrydm. 
 
 12. Cientle; mild; not compulsory. 
 
 All the lords came in, and, bein" hyfair means 
 wrought thereunto, acknowledged King Henry. 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 For to reduce her by main force 
 Is now in vain ; by _^air means, worse. Hudibras. 
 
 1 3. Mild ; not severe. 
 
 Nut only do'st degrade them, or remit 
 To life obscur'd, which were afair dismission ; 
 But throw'st them lower than thou didst exalt 
 them high. Milton's .igonista. 
 
 14. Pleasing ; civil. 
 
 Gi od sir, why do you start, and seem to fear 
 Things that do sound' so Jitr .? Shakesp. 
 
 \\ lieii^uir words and good counsel will not pre- 
 vail upon us, we must be frighted into our duly. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 15. Equitable ; not injurious. 
 
 His doom is Jair, 
 That dust I am, and shall to durst retuni. Milton. 
 
 16. Commotlious ; easy. 
 
 Herebv, upon the edge of yonder coppice, 
 A stand "where you may make the fairest shoot. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 1 looked for the jugular veins, opeii<Kl the_^<Mr- 
 est, and took away adozen ounces of blood. 
 
 Wiseman, 
 
 17. Liberal ; not narrow. 
 
 He through his virtue was as free from greedi- 
 ness, as tlTrough his fair livelihood, far from 
 neediness. Careu-. 
 
 Fair. adv. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. Gently; decently; without violence. 
 
 He whojiiirand softly goes steadily forward, in 
 a course that points right, will sooner be at his 
 journey's end, than be that runs after every one. 
 though' he gallop. Locke. 
 
 2. Civilly ; couiplaisantly. 
 
 4S 
 
 681
 
 F A I 
 
 Well, you raust now speak iir John Falstan'/air. 
 
 Shakes]^. 
 
 One of the company spoke Uimfair, and would 
 have stopt his mouth with a crust. UEstTange. 
 
 In this phiin fable vou th' elfect may sec 
 Of negligence, and ujud credulity ; 
 And learn besides of ftatt'rers lo beware. 
 Then most pernicious when they speak too fair. 
 
 Dry lit n. 
 
 His promise Palamon accepts ; but pray'd 
 T(j keep it better than the first he made : 
 'I'hus fair they parted, 'till to morrow's dawn ; 
 Ftir each had laid his plighted faith to pawn.Dn/d. 
 
 Kalib ascend, my fair spoke servant rise. 
 And soothe my heart with pleasing prophecies. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 This promised J(i/r at first. Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. Happily ; successfully. 
 
 O. princely Buckingliam, I'll kiss thy hand, 
 In sign of leatrne and amity witli thee ; 
 ]Vow fair befall the and thy noble house ! 
 Thy garments are not spotted with our blood. SAa/c. 
 
 4. On good terms. 
 
 There are other nice, though inferior cases, in 
 which a man nnist guard, if he intends to keep 
 fair with the world, and turn the penny. 
 
 Collier on Popularity. 
 
 Fair. ??. «. 
 
 1, A beauty; elliptically a fair woman. 
 
 Of sleep forsaken, to relieve his care. 
 He sought the conversation of iheJair.Dryd. Fab. 
 
 Gentlemen who do not design to marry , yet pay 
 their devoirs to one particular Jiiir. Spectator 
 
 2. Honesty; just dealing, 
 
 I am not much for that present ; we'll settle it 
 between ourselves ;^uir and square, Nic, keeps 
 friends together. Arhulhnot. 
 
 Fair. w. s. [^foireyVr, ferice, or forum, 
 Lat.] An annual or stated meeting of 
 buyers and sellers ; a time of traffick 
 more frequented than a market. The 
 privilege of holding fairs in England is 
 granted by the king. 
 
 With silver, iron, tin and lead, they traded in 
 thy /airs. Kzek. 
 
 His corn, his cattle, were his only care. 
 And his supreme delight a country /ii/r. Dryden. 
 
 The ancient Nundiuie, vr fairs of Rome, were 
 kept every ninth day ; afterwards the same privi- 
 leges were granted to the country markets, which 
 were at first under the power of tlie consuls. 
 
 Arhulhnot on Coins. 
 
 Fa'IRINg. m. 5. [from /c^/r.] A present 
 given at a fair. 
 
 Sweetheart, we shall be rich ere we depart, 
 If fairings come thus plentifully in. Skakesp. 
 
 Like children that esteem every trifle, and pre- 
 fer a. fairing before their fathers. Ben Joiison. 
 
 Now he goes on, and sings of fairs and shows ; 
 For slill new fairs before his eyes arose : 
 How pedlars stalls with glitt'ring toys are laid, 
 The various_/airi7io;s of the country maid. 
 
 Gay's Pastorals. 
 Ta'irly, adv, [from/fl/r.] 
 
 1. Beautifully ; as, a city iix\r\y situated. 
 
 2. Commodiously ; conveniently ; suit- 
 ably to any purpose or design. 
 
 'Waiting 'till willing winds their sails siippiy'd, 
 Witliin a trading town they lon^ abide, 
 Full fairly situate on a haven's side. Dryden. 
 
 3. Honestly; jastly; without shift; with- 
 out fraud ; not foully. 
 
 There is due from the judge to the advocate 
 some commendation and' gracing wliere causes 
 are fairly pleaded. Bacon. 
 
 To the firsi advantages we may fairly lay claim ; 
 I wish we had as good a title to the latter. Atterb. 
 
 It is a church of England-man's opinion, that 
 tlie freedom of a nation consists in an absolute un- 
 limited legislative power, wherein the wliole body 
 of the people are fairly represented in an execu- 
 tive duly limited. Swift. 
 
 F A I 
 
 4. Ingeniously ; plainly ; openly. 
 
 The stage how loosely docs Astrea tread. 
 Who fairly puts all characters to bed ! Pt^e. 
 
 5. Candidly; without sinistrous interpre- 
 tations. 
 
 As I interpretJaiWi/ your design, 
 So look not with severer eyes on mine. Dryden. 
 
 6. Without violence to right reason. 
 
 Where I have enlarged them, I desire the false 
 criticks would not always think that those thoughts 
 are wholly mine ; but that either they are secretly 
 in the poet, or may he fairly deduced from him. 
 
 Dryden. 
 This nutritious juice, being a subtile liquor, 
 scarce obtainable by a human body, the serum of 
 the blood isfairly substituted in its place. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 7. Without blots. 
 
 Here is th' indictment of the good lord Hastings, 
 Which in a set \iaiK\ fairly is engross'd. Shakesp. 
 
 8. Completely ; without any deficience. 
 
 All this theyjiiir/v overcame, by reason of the 
 continual presence of their king.5;jerts.6(afe oflrel. 
 
 Lit them say, 'tis groslv done ; so it be fairly 
 done, no matter. S/ia^es/^. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Our love is not so great, llurtcnsio, but we may 
 blow our nails together, and fast lifairly out. 
 
 Shakesp. Taming if the Shrew. 
 
 Fa'irness. n. s. [inrom fair.] 
 
 1. Beauty; elegance of form. 
 
 That whicfi made her fairness much the fairer, 
 was that it was but a fair eudiassador of a most fair 
 mind full of wit, and a wit which delighted more 
 to judge itself than to show itself. Sidney. 
 
 2. Honesty; candour; ingenuity. 
 
 There may be somewhat of wisdom, but little 
 
 of goodness or fairness in this conduct. Attcrbury. 
 
 Fa'irspoken. adj. [from fair and speak.] 
 
 Bland and civil in language and address. 
 
 Arius, a priest in the church of Alexandria, a 
 subtlewitted and a marvcllousya(rs;)«i/tm man, but 
 discontented that we should be |ilaced before hiuj 
 in honour, whose superior he thought himself in 
 desert; because through envy and stomach jirune 
 unto contradiction. Honker. 
 
 FA'IRY. n.s. [pephb, Sax./ef, Fr. Ab. 
 £§a terra, fit & pt'^a Macedoiuim dialecto ; 
 unde tH^oi c'vpt^si, & Roniaiiis int'eri, 
 qui Scoto-Saxonibus dicuntur Jeries, 
 nosstratiq ; vulgo corruptius fairies, 
 xxTci^i^^ovm ixifjiOHi;, sive dii manes. 
 
 BaxUr's Glossary. 1 
 
 1 . A kind of fabled beings supposed to 
 appear in a diminutive human form, 
 and to dance in the meadows, and re- 
 ward cleanliness in houses, an elf; a fay. 
 
 Nan Page, my daughter, and my little son. 
 And three or four more of their growth, we'll dress 
 Like urchins, ouphes, and/airies, green and white. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Then let them all encircle him about, 
 hwA fairy like too pinch the unclean knight ; 
 And ask'hiin, why, that hour o! flirii revel, 
 Tn their so sacred paths he dares to tread 
 In shape prophane. Shak. JVfcrry Wives of Windsor, 
 
 By the idea any one has of fairies, or centaurs, 
 he cannot know that things, answering tliose ideas, 
 exist. ^ Locke. 
 
 i'aySffairies, genii, elves, and demons, hear.P(j/)e. 
 
 2. Enchantress. Warburio7i. 
 
 To this great /airy I'll commend thy acts, 
 Make her thanks bless ibee. Shakesp. Ant. and Cletp. 
 
 Fairy, adj. 
 
 1 . Given by fairies. 
 
 Be secret and discrete ; theseyiiinu favours 
 Are lost when not conceal'd. Dryd. Spaimh Fryar. 
 
 Such borrowed wealth, likeyiiiri/ money, though 
 it were gold in the hand from which he received 
 it, will be but leaves and dust when it comes to 
 use. Lockt. 
 
 2. Belonging to fairies. 
 
 F A I 
 
 This is Xhefairy land : oh, spight of spights, 
 We talk with goBlins, owls, and elvish sprights, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Fa'irystone. n. s. \_fairy and stone.l 
 
 A stone found in gravel-pits. 
 FAITH, n. s. [foi, Fr. fede, Ital. fdes, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Belief of the revealed ti-uths of religion. 
 
 The name o( Jaiih being properly and strictly 
 taken, it must needs have reference unto some 
 uttered word, as the object of belief. Hooker. 
 Faith, if it hare not works, is dead. Jam. ii. 17. 
 Vision in the next life is the perfecting of that 
 faith in this life, or that faith here is turned into 
 'vision there, as hope into enjoying. Hammond. 
 
 ThcnJ'aith shall fail, and holy hope shall die ; 
 One lost in certainty, and one in joy. Prior. 
 
 2. The system of revealed truths held by 
 the Christian church ; the credeudii. 
 
 Felix heard Paul concerning t\\Q faith. Acts,\\\v, 
 This is the catliolick j'aith. Common Prayer. 
 
 3. Trust in God. 
 
 Faith is an entire dependence upon the trutli, 
 the power, the justice, and the mercy of God ; 
 w liich dependence will certainly incline us to obey 
 him in all things. Swijt. 
 
 1. Tenet held. 
 
 Which to believe of her, 
 INIiist be afaith, that reason, without miracle. 
 Should never plant in me. Shakesp. Kitig Lear. 
 
 6. Trust in the honesty or veracity of an- 
 other. 
 
 6. Fidelity ; unshaken adherence. 
 
 Her failing, while her/ailfc to me remains, 
 I should conceal. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 7. Honour ; social confidence. 
 
 For 3'ou alone 
 1 broke my faith with injur'd Palamon. Dryden. 
 
 8. Sincerity ; honesty ; veracity. 
 
 Sir, in good/a!(/i, in mecr verity. .S/ia/c. K. Lear. 
 They are a very froward generation, children 
 in whom is ao faith. Deul. x.\%n. 20. 
 
 y. Promise given. 
 
 1 have been forsworn. 
 In brcakl]ig_fiiil/t w ith Julia whom 1 lov'd. Shak. 
 
 Fa'ithbre.4CH. «. .«. [faith and breach.] 
 Breach of fidelity; disloyalty; perfidy. 
 
 Now minutely revolts upbraid his_/;ii(/i()rfac/i; 
 Those he commands, move only in command. 
 Nothing in love. 'Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fa'ithed. adj. [{rom faith.] Honest; 
 sincere. A word not in use. 
 
 Thou bastard ! would the reposal 
 Of any trust, virtue, or worth in thee, 
 JNIake thy woids Jaith'd? Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Fa'ithful. adj. [faith and full.] 
 
 1. Film in adherence to the truth of reli- 
 gion. 
 
 To the saints which are at Ephesus, and the 
 faithful in Christ Jesus. Fph. i. 1. 
 
 Be IhKufaithful unto death, and I will give thee 
 a crown of life. Pco. ii. 10. 
 
 2. Of true fidelity ; loyal ; true to the al- 
 legiance or duty professed. 
 
 I have this day receiv'd a traitor's judgment. 
 And by that name must diej yet, heav'u bear 
 
 witness. 
 And, if I have a conscience, let it sink me, 
 Ev'n as the axe falls, if 1 be not faithjul Shakesp. 
 
 So spake the seraph Abdiel, Jaithjul found ; 
 Among the faithless, faithful only he. Mtlton. 
 
 3. Honest; upright; without fraud. 
 
 My servant Moses hfaithful in all mine house. 
 
 Numbers. 
 
 4. Observant of compact or promise ; true 
 to his contract; sincere; veracious 
 
 Well I know him ; 
 Of easy temper, naturally good, 
 AndJ(i!(/i/'ui tohisword. Orydens Don Sebastian. 
 
 Fa'ithfully. avd. [&om faithful] 
 
 68S
 
 F A L 
 
 1. With firm belief in religion. 
 
 2. With full confidence in God. 
 
 3. With strict adiierence to duty and alle 
 giance. 
 
 His noble grace would have some pity 
 Upon my wretched women, that so lone 
 Have fuUow'd both my foriuni'^faithfuUy.Shakesp. 
 
 4. Without failure of performance; honest 
 ly ; exactly. 
 
 If un my wounded breast thou drop a tear. 
 Think for whose sake my breast that wound did 
 
 hear ; 
 ATi^fiiitlif'nlly my last desires fulfil. 
 As 1 perforin my cruel father's will. Dryd. Grid 
 
 5. With earnest professions ; with strong 
 promises. 
 
 For his own part he dldfaithfiiUy promise to be 
 still in the king's power. Bacon s Henry V'll, 
 
 6. Honestly; without fraud, trick, or am- 
 biguity. 
 
 "They suppose the nature of things to be truly 
 anii faithtnlti^ signified by their names, and there- 
 upon believe as they hear, and practise as they 
 believe. South^s Sermons. 
 
 7. In Shakespeare, according to Mr. War- 
 burton, fervently ; perhaps rather confi- 
 dently ; steadily. 
 
 If his occasions were not virtuous, 
 1 should not urge it half iofaUhfuUy.Shak, Timon. 
 
 Fa'ithfulness. U.S. [bom faithful.] 
 
 1. Honesty ; veracity. 
 
 i^or there is nofaitk/ubiess in your mouth ; your 
 inward part is very wickedness. Psal. lix 
 
 The band that knits together and supports al 
 compacts, is truth and faithfulness. South 
 
 2. Adherence to duty; loyalty. 
 
 The same zeal and faithfulness continues in your 
 blood, which animated one of your noble ances- 
 tors to sacrifice his life in the quarrel of his sove- 
 regn. Vryden. 
 
 Fa'ithless. adj. [from/ai7^.] 
 
 1 . Witiiout belief in the reveided truths 
 of religion: unconverted. 
 
 Whatsoever our hearts be to God and to his 
 truth, believe we, or be we as yetfaithlesSt for our 
 conversion or confirmation, the force of natural 
 reason is great. Hooker. 
 
 Never dare misfortune cross her foot, 
 Unless she doth it under this excuse. 
 That she is issue to a faithless Jew. Shakesp 
 
 2. Perfidious; disloyal; not true to duty, 
 profession, promise, or allegiance. 
 
 Both 
 Fell b}- our servants, by those men we lov'd most ; 
 A most unnatural andfaithless service. Shakesp. 
 
 Abdiel, faithful found ; 
 .\mong the_/i!il/i/f ss. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Fa'ithlessness. «. s. \fromfaithless.] 
 
 1 . Treacher)' ; perfidy. 
 
 2. Unbelief as to revealed religion. 
 
 Fa'itour. n. .1. [faitard, Fr.] A scoun- 
 drel ; a rascal ; a mean fellow ; a pol- 
 troon. An old word now ol)solete. 
 
 To Philemon, false /uitDu?-, Philemon, 
 1 cast to pay. that I so dearly bought. Fairy Q. 
 
 Into new woes unweeting I was cast. 
 By this false_/"ai((jur. Faint Q. 
 
 Fake. n. s. [Among seamen.] A coil of 
 
 rope. Harris. 
 
 Falca'de. n. s. [from /"a/.r, /a/m, Lat.] 
 
 A horse is said to make falcades when he throws 
 himself upon his haunche's two or three times, as 
 in very quick curvets ; therefore a falcade is that 
 action of the iiaunches and of the legs, which 
 bend very low, when you make a slop and half a 
 stop. J'uiTitr's Diet. 
 
 Falcated, adj. [fahatns, Lat.] Hook- 
 ed ; bent like a reaping hook or scythe. 
 
 The enlightened part of the moon appeal^ in 
 the form of a sickle, or reaping hoc>k, which is' 
 
 F A L 
 
 while she is moving from the conjunction to the 
 opposition, or from the n<;w moon to the full ; hut 
 from full to a new again, the cnliuhtend part ap- 
 pears gibhous, and the daik atcattd. HaiTi.i. 
 
 Falca'TION. n.s. [Jalcis, Lat.] Crooked- 
 ness ; form like that of a reaper's hook. 
 Tire locusts have antenna.*, or h»ng horns before, 
 with a \otigfatcation or forcipated tail behind. 
 
 liroum. 
 
 Fa'lchion. n. s. [ensis fakatus; in Fr 
 fauchon.] A short crooked sword; a 
 cymeter. 
 
 I've seen the day, with my good biting_y«/c/iinrt, 
 I would have made them skip : I am old now. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Old falchions are new tcmper'd in the fires ; 
 Tlie sounding trumpet every soul inspires. 
 
 Drydens J£n(iii. 
 What sighs and tears 
 Hath Eugene caused ! how many widows curse 
 His clcaving_/(i/c/iifw .' Philips. 
 
 FA'LCON. 71. s. [faulcon, Vt. fulcvnnc, 
 Ital.falco, Lat.] Credo, a rostroJ'aUato 
 sive adiinco, from the falcated or crook- 
 ed bill.] 
 
 1, A hawk trained for sport. 
 
 As Venus' bird, the wliite, swift, lovely dove, 
 ! happy dove that art coinpar'd to her. 
 
 Doth on her wings her utmost swiftness prove. 
 Finding the gripe of falcon fierce not far. Sidney. 
 
 Air stops not the fiigh soaring of my noble /u/- 
 con. Walton. 
 
 Apulian farms, for the rich soil admired. 
 And thy large fields vfherefalcons may betir'd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Say, will the falcon, stooping from above, 
 Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A sort of cannon, whose diameter at the 
 bore is five inches and a quarter, weight 
 seven htindred and fifty pounds, length 
 seven foot, load two pounds and a quar- 
 ter, shot two inches and half diameter, 
 and two pounds and a half weight. //ncjis. 
 
 Fa'lconer. n.s. [faulconnier, Fr.] One 
 who breeds and trains hawks ; one who 
 follows the sport of fowling with hawks. 
 
 Hist! Romeo, hist! O for a^ii/c'ner's voice, 
 To lure this tarsel gentle back again. Shakesp. 
 
 The universal remedy was swallowing of pebble- 
 stones, in imitation of falconers curing hawks. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 I have learned of a falconer never to feed up a 
 hawk when I would have him Hv.Drud. DonSehast. 
 
 A falconer Henry is, when l.nuua itawk.s ; 
 With her of tarsels, and of lures lie talks. Prior. 
 
 Falconet. ». «. [J'alcoinlte, Fr] A sort 
 of ordnance, whose diameter at the bore 
 is four inches and a quarter, weight four 
 hundred pounds, length si.\ foot, load 
 one pound and a quarter, shot something 
 more than two inches diaineter, and one 
 pound and a quarter weight. Harris. 
 ftlahomet sent janizaries and nimble footmen, 
 with certain /ii/coiirtsand other small pieces, to lake 
 the streiglus. Knolles. 
 
 Fa'luage. n.s. [/aWair/i/B!, barbarous 
 Lat.] A privilege which anciently seve- 
 ral lords reserved to themselves of set- 
 ting up folds of sheep, in any fields with- 
 in their manors, the better to maiuire 
 them ; antl this not only with their own, 
 but their tenants sheep. Thh Jaldage 
 in some places they call a foldcoursc or 
 freehold. Harris. 
 
 Fa'ldfee. M.S. [/aWand/fc] A com- 
 jwsition paid anciently by tenants for 
 the privilege of faldage. Diet. 
 
 F A L 
 
 Fa'ldi.ng. n.s. A kind of coarse cloth. jDic/. 
 
 Faldstoou n. s. [fnld or fold and 
 stool.] A kind of stool placed at the 
 south side of the altar, at whicli the 
 kings of England kneel at their corona- 
 tion. 
 
 To F.\LL. V. n. pret. I fell; compound 
 pret. / have fallen or fain, [peallan. Sax. 
 fallen, Germ.] 
 
 1. To drop from a higher place. 
 
 Thiju shall make a battlement for thy roof, thai 
 thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man 
 fall from ilience. Duet 
 
 I shall Wi 
 Like a bright exhalation in the evening. 
 And no njan see me more. Shaliap Henry \'\11. 
 
 2. To drop from an erect to a prone pos- 
 ture. 
 
 SauiyeHall al ng on the earth. iSam xxviii. 20. 
 That is a step, 
 On which I must fait down, or else o'crleap ; 
 For in my way it lies. Shakesp. Alacheth. 
 
 3. To drop ; to be held or adhere no longer. 
 
 His chains^eW off from his hands. Acts, xii. 7. 
 
 4. To move do«n any descent. 
 
 All liquid bodies are ditlusive \ for their parts 
 being in motion, have no cotniexion one with ano- 
 ther, but glide and _^<i/f olf any way, asgravitv 
 and the air presseth ihem. ' Bunu't. 
 
 5. To drop ripe from the tree. 
 
 As the ]ca[falleth oflF from the vine, and as a 
 falling fig from the fig-tree. Is. xxxiv. 4. 
 
 6. To pass at the outlet : as a river. 
 
 Cssar therefore gave orders to build his gallies 
 on the Loir, aud the rivers Ihatfatt into it.Arbuth. 
 
 7. To i)e determined to some particular di- 
 rection. 
 
 Birds and fowls that rest one foot to ease the 
 other, naturally lay their heads under their wings, 
 that the centre of gravity ma\Jall upon the foot 
 they stanil on. " Cheyjie. 
 
 8. Apostatise ; to depart from faith or 
 goodness. 
 
 Lat)our to enter into that rest, lest any man fall 
 after the same example of unbelief, neb. iv.'ll 
 
 They brought scandal 
 To IsTcei, difiidence of God, and doubt 
 In feeble hearts, prepense enough before 
 To waver or fall olF, and join with idols. MUlon. 
 
 \\ hether scnie spirit on holy purpose bent. 
 Or some f'alt'n angel from below broke loose. 
 Who comes with envious eyes, and curst intent. 
 To view this world and its created Lord. Dryden. 
 y. To die by violence. 
 
 God aiui good angels fight on Kichinond's side. 
 .\iid Richard /u^/ in height of all his pride. Shak. 
 
 If one should be a prey, how much tlic better 
 Tofall before the lion than the wolf! Shake>p. 
 
 What other oath. 
 Than honesty to honesty engag'd ? 
 That this shall be, or we will_/aa for it. Shaktsp. 
 A thousand shali^irU at thv side, and ten thou- 
 sand at thy right hand ; but U shall not come nigh 
 thee. Psalm, xci."*". 
 
 Ve shall chase vourencniies, and they shall/ii/i 
 before you by the sword. Liv. xxvi. 7. 
 
 They not obeying, 
 Incurr'd, what'could they less? the penalty ; 
 And manifold in sin, deserv'd tofati. mikcn. 
 
 .-\!mon falls, ohl Tyrrheu-s* chiest care, 
 Pierc'd with an arrow from the distant wai.Drv*/. 
 10. To come to a sudden end. 
 
 The ireatness of these Irish lords suddenly /cU 
 and vanished, when their oppirssions aud c'ltor- 
 tions were taken away. Uai-ies. 
 
 He first the fate of "Caesar did foretell. 
 -■Vnd pity'd Rome when Rome in Ca-5ar_^'//; 
 In iron clouds conceard th^ publick ll^ht, 
 .\nd impious mortals fear'd eternal niglit. Drydcn. 
 
 1 \. To be degraded from an high station ; 
 to sink into meanness or digrace ; to be 
 plunged into sudden miser}-. 
 
 633
 
 F A L 
 
 What can be their business 
 With a poor weak woman fuU'n from favour ! Shak. 
 
 12. To decline from power or empire; to 
 be overtlirown. 
 
 \\ hat men could do, 
 Is done already ; heaven and earth will witness, 
 If Rome unistfall, that we are innocent. Addison. 
 
 1 3. To enter into any state worse than the 
 former. 
 
 Ih'fell at difference with Ludovico Sfortia, who 
 carried llie keys which brought him hi, and shut 
 hi:n out- Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Some painters takhig precepts in too literal a 
 sense, have fallen thereby into great inconveni- 
 ences. Drydcn. 
 
 14. To come into any state of weakness, 
 terrour, or misery. 
 
 These, hy obtruding the beginning of a cliange 
 for the entire work of new life, will fall under the 
 former guilt. Hammond. 
 
 One would wonder how so many learned men 
 could /a// into so great an absurdity, as to believe 
 this river could preserve itself unmixed witli the 
 lake. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The best meu fall under the severest pressures. 
 
 Wake. 
 
 1 5. To decrease ; to be diminished, as in 
 
 ^ weight. 
 
 From the pound weight, as Pliny tells us, the As 
 fell to two ounces in the tirst Punick war; when 
 'Hannibal invaded Italy, to one ounce; then, by 
 the Papirian law, to half an ounce. Arbuthnot. 
 
 16. To ebb ; to grow shallow : as, the river 
 falls. 
 
 17. To decrease in value: to bear less 
 price. 
 
 When the price of cornfalleth, men generally 
 break no more ground than will supply tneir own 
 turn. Carew. 
 
 But now her price is fall'n. Shakesp. K. Lear, 
 Rents wiUfail, and nicomes every day lessen, 
 'till industry and frugality, joined to a well or- 
 dered trade, shall restore to the kingdom the 
 riches it had formerlv.' Locke. 
 
 18. To sink ; not to amount to the full. 
 The greatness of an estate, in bulk and territory, 
 
 ^othfall under measure ; and the greatness of ti- 
 nances and revenue doth fall under computation. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 19. To be rejected ; to become null. 
 
 This book must stand or full with thee ; not by 
 any opinlou I have of it, but by thy own. Locke. 
 
 20. To decline from violence to calmness; 
 
 from intenseness to remission. 
 
 He was stirr'd. 
 And something spoke in choler, ill and hasty ; 
 But he fell to Inmself again, and sweetly 
 In all the rest shew'd a most noble patience. 5fta/c. 
 
 At length her {ary fell, her foaming ceas'd ; 
 And ebbing in her soul, the god decreas'd. Dryd, 
 
 2 1 . To enter into any new state of the body 
 or mind. 
 
 In sweet musick is such arti 
 Killing care and grief of heart. 
 
 Fall asleep or hearing die. Shakesp 
 
 Solyman, chafed with the loss of hisgallies and 
 best soldiers, and with the double injury done unto 
 him by the Venetians, /e/i into such a rage that he 
 cursed Barharossa. Knollcs. 
 
 When about twenty, upon the falseness of a 
 lover, f^^efeU distracted. Temple. 
 
 A spark like thee of the man-killing trade. 
 Fell sick, and thus to his physician said ; 
 Methinks 1 am not riglit in evV^- part, 
 I feel a kind of trembling at my heart ; 
 My pulse unequal, and my breath is strong ; 
 Besides a tilthy furr u|)on iny tongue. Dryd. Perf. 
 
 And ycm iiave known none in liealth who have 
 pitied yuu ? and behold, they are gone before you, 
 even snicf you fell into this distemper. Wake. 
 
 He died calmly, and with all the easiness of a 
 TUiin falling asleep. Atterbury. 
 
 Portius hiinselt oft falls in tears before me 
 As if lie mourn'd his rival's ill success. Addison. 
 
 F A L 
 
 For as his own bright image he surveyM, 
 He fell in love with the fantastick shade. Addison. 
 
 I fell in love with the character of Pomponius 
 Atlicus ; 1 longed to imitate him. Blount to Pope. 
 
 22. To sink into an air of discontent or 
 dejection of the look. 
 
 If thou persuade thyself that they shall not be 
 taken, let not thy countenance^a//. Judith, vh 9. 
 
 If you have any other req-uest to make, hide it 
 not ; for ye shall (uid we will not make your coun- 
 tenance toya// by the answer ye shall receive. iJac'o?*. 
 
 I have observ'd of late thy looks art^ fallen, 
 O'ercast with ginumy cares and discontent. Addis. 
 
 23. To sink below sometliing in compari- 
 son. 
 
 Fame of thy beauty and thy youth, 
 Among the rest me liither brought. 
 Finding this fame fall short of truth, 
 Made me stay longer than 1 thought. Waller. 
 
 24. To happen; to befal. 
 
 For such thinps as do fall scarce once in many 
 ages, it did suffice to take such order as was re- 
 quisite when ihcy fell. Hooke*- 
 
 Oft It falls out, that while one thinks too much 
 of his doing, he leaves to do the ctVect of this 
 thinking. Sidnei/. 
 
 A long advertent and deliberate connexing of 
 consequents, which/u//5 not in the common road 
 of ordinary men. Hale, 
 
 Since this fortune falls to you. 
 Be content and seelc no new. Shakesp. 
 
 If the woThtfall that ererfell, I hope, 1 shall 
 make sliift to go without him. Shakesp. 
 
 O, how feeble is man's puwer. 
 That if good fortune /uf/, 
 Cannot add another hour. 
 Nor a lost hour recall ! Domie. 
 
 Since both cannot possess what both pursue, 
 I'm griev'd, my friend, the chance should /a// on 
 you. _ ^ ^ Dryden. 
 
 I had more leisure, and disposition, than have 
 s'mcefallen to my share. Swift, 
 
 25. To come by chance ; to light on. 
 
 1 have two hoys 
 Seek Percy and thyself about the field ; 
 But seeing ihonfuU'st on me so luckily, 
 I will assay thee. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 The Romans fell upon this model by chance, 
 but the Spartans by thought and design. Swift. 
 26". To come to a stated method. 
 
 The odd hours at the end of the solar year, are 
 not indeed fully six, but are deficient 10'44" ; 
 which deficiency, in 134 years, collected, amounts 
 to a whole day : and hence may be seeu the reason 
 why the vernal equinox, which at the time ot- the 
 Nicenc councWjell upon the 21st of 'March; falls 
 now about ten days sooner. Holder on Time. 
 
 It does not full within my subject to lay down 
 the riWes of odes. Felton on the Classiclts. 
 
 27- To come unexpectedly, 
 
 I am fallen upon the mention of mercuries. Boi/?e. 
 
 It happened this evening that we fell into a very 
 pleasing walk, at a distance from his home. Addis. 
 
 28. To begin any thing with ardour and 
 vehemence. 
 
 The king understanding of their adventure, 
 suddenly Ju//s to take pride in making much of 
 them. Sidney. 
 
 Each of us fell in praise of our country mis- 
 tresses. Shakesp. 
 
 And the next muUitudeJeZi a lusting. AVwt. ii.4. 
 
 It is better to sound a person afar off, than to 
 fill upon the point at first ; except you mean to 
 surprize him by some short question. Bacon. 
 
 When a luuse is hungry, and comes to a good 
 pasture, hefdU to his iood immodiatoly. Hale. 
 
 They fell to blows, insomuch that the Argo- 
 nauts slew the most part of tiieDeliones.L'£s(rang-e, 
 
 29. To handle or treat directly\ 
 
 We must immediately^a/! into our subject, and 
 treat every part of it in a lively manner. Addisoyi. 
 
 30. To come vindictively : as a punish- 
 ment. 
 
 There fell wrath for it against Israel. 2 Ckron. 
 
 31. To come by any mischance to any new 
 
 possessor. 
 
 F A L 
 
 The stout bishop could not well brook that hH 
 province shouMfuU into their hands. Knolle: 
 
 32. To drop or pass by carelessness or im- 
 prudence. 
 
 Ulysses let no partial favours /a/;, 
 Tlie people's parent, he protected all. Pope's Odyi. 
 
 Some expressions fell from him, not very fa- 
 vourable to the people of Ireland. Swift. 
 
 33. To come forcibly and irresistibly. 
 TcdTfctl on them all. ^cls, xix. 17 
 A kind refreshing sleep h fallen upon him : 
 
 I saw him strccht at ease, bis fancy lo.st 
 
 In jjleasing dreams. Addison's Cato. 
 
 34. To become the property of any one by 
 lot, chance, inheritance, or otherwise. 
 
 All ihe lands, wliich will fall to her majesty 
 thereabouts, are large enough to contain them. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 If you do chance to hear of tliat blind traitor, 
 Preferment/(i//s on him that cuts him oS.Shakesp. 
 
 I'hen 'tis most like 
 The sovereignly wUlfall upon Macbeth. Shahesp. 
 
 After (he flood, arts to CluMesfell ; 
 The father of the faithful there did dwell. 
 Who both their parent and instructor was. Denh, 
 
 Vou shall see a great estate fall to you, which 
 you would liave lost the relish of, had you known 
 yourself born to it. Addism. 
 
 If to her share some female eTToursfall, 
 Look on her face, and you'll forget them a.U.Pope. 
 
 In their spiritual and temporal courts the labour 
 falls to their vicars-general, proctors, apparitors, 
 and seneschals. Swft. 
 
 35. To languish ; to grow faint. 
 
 Their hof)es or fears for the common cause rose 
 orfcll witli your lordship's interest. /IrfJis. on Italy. 
 
 36. To be born ; to be yeaned. 
 
 Lambs must have care taken of thera at their 
 iiTui falling, else, while they are weak, the crows 
 and magpies will be apt to pick out their eyes. 
 
 Mortimer, 
 
 37. To Jail aumy. To grow lean. 
 
 Watery vegetables are proper, and fish lather 
 than llesn : in a Lent diet people commonly fall 
 away. Arbuthnot an Viet. 
 
 ^8. To fall away. To revolt; to change 
 allegiance. 
 
 The fugitivcs/c?l away to the king of Babylon. 
 
 2 Kings. 
 
 39. To fall away. To apostatise ; to sink 
 into wickedness. 
 
 These for a while believe, and in time of temp- 
 tation /uli away. Luke, viii. 13. 
 
 Say not Ihou, it is through the Lord that ^fell 
 away ; for thou oughtest not to do the things that 
 he hatctli, EccTes. xv. 
 
 40. To fall away. To perish ; to be lost. 
 
 Still propagate ; for still they full away : 
 'Tis prudence to prevent entire decay. iJri/J. Virg. 
 
 How can it enter into the thoughts of man, that 
 the soul, which is capable of such immense perfec- 
 tions, and of receiving new imprttveraent to all 
 eteririty, shall fall away into notliing, almost as 
 soon as it is created ? Addison's Spectator. 
 
 41. To fall away. To decline graduallj' ; 
 to ftide ; to languish. 
 
 In acurious brede of needlework one colour falls 
 away by such just degrees, and another rises so in- 
 sensibly, that we see the variety, without being 
 able to" distinguish the total vanishing of the one 
 from the first appearance of the other, Addison. 
 
 42. To fall back. To fail of a promise 
 or purpose. 
 
 We have oHcn fallen hack from our resolutions. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 43. To fall back. To recede; to give way. 
 
 44. To fall down, [down is sometimes 
 added to fall, though it adds little to the 
 signification.] To prostrate himself in 
 adoration. 
 
 All kings slialiy«(l down before him ; all nations 
 shall serve him. Ps. Ixxii. 11. 
 
 684
 
 F A L 
 
 Shall l/aildoum to the stock of a tree ? is. xliv.ll. 
 
 45. To fall down. To sink; not to stand. 
 
 As she was speaking, shc/tH dmm for faintncss. 
 
 Estk. XV. 
 Down fell the beauteous youth ; the jawnijip 
 wound 
 Gush'd out a purple stream, and stain'd the ground. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 46. To fall down. To bend as a supplant. 
 
 They shallyii// dovm unto thee; they shall make 
 supplication unto thee. Is. xlv. 11. 
 
 47. To fall from. To revolt; to depart 
 from adherence. 
 
 Clarence 
 
 Is very likely h> fall from him. Shak. Hen. VI. 
 
 I'iic emperor heing much solicited by the Scots 
 
 not to be a help to ruiu their kingdom, /W/ by tlc- 
 
 grccs/rom the king of Eni;land. Hayiiard, 
 
 48. To full in. To concur; to coincide. 
 
 01ijcction«J(i^/ in here, and are the clearest and 
 most conviiiciiig arguments of the truth. JVoodud. 
 
 His reasonings in this chajiterseein to/a// in with 
 each other ; yet, upon a closer investigation, we 
 shall lind them proposed with great variety and 
 distinction. Atterhurij. 
 
 Any single paper that falls in with the popular 
 taste," and pleases more than ordinary, brings one 
 in a great return of letters. Addison. 
 
 When tlie war was begun, there soon fell in 
 otlier incidents at home, which made the conti- 
 nuance of it necessary. Svift. 
 
 49. To fall in. To comply ; to yield to. 
 Our fine young ladies readily ./a// in with the 
 
 direction of the graver sort. Spectator. 
 
 It is a double misfortune to a nation, which is 
 thus given to change, when they have a sovereign 
 that is prone to fall in with all tlie turns and veer- 
 ings of the people, Addison. 
 
 You will find it difficult to persuade learned men 
 to fall in with your projects. Adfiis(m on Medals. 
 
 That prince applied himself first to the church 
 of England; and, upon their refusal to_fo// in with 
 liis measures, made the like advances to the dis^ 
 senters. 
 
 50. To fall off. 
 broken. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 To separate; to be 
 
 Love cools, friendshipya//s off\ brothers divide ; 
 in cities, mutinies; in countries, discord. Shaksp. 
 
 51. To fall off. To perish ; to die away. 
 
 Languages need recruits to supply the place of 
 those words that are continually /iii/mgo^ through 
 disuse. Felton. 
 
 52. To fall off. To apostatize ; to revolt ; 
 to forsake. 
 
 Oh, Hamlet, what afalUng off was there ! Shak, 
 Revolted Mortimer ! 
 —He never did_/a// o/f, my sovereign liege. 
 But by the chance ot war. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 They, accustomed to afford at other times ei- 
 ther silence or short assent to what he did purpose, 
 did then/a// (i^'and forsake him. Hayward. 
 
 What cause 
 Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, 
 Favour'd ot' Heav'n so highly, tofall off' 
 From iheir Creator, and transgress his will ? Milt. 
 
 Those captive Uihesfelt ojf 
 From God to worship calves. Millm's Par. Lost. 
 
 Where I always grave, one half of my readers 
 would /ii// off' from me. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 53. To fall on. To begin eagerly to do 
 any thing. 
 
 Some coarse cold sallad is before thee set ; 
 Bread with the bran, perhaps, and broken meat; 
 Fallon, and try thy appetite to eat. Dryd. I'trs. 
 
 54. To fall on. To make an assault ; to 
 begin the attack. 
 
 1'hey fell on, 1 made good my place ; at length 
 they came to the broomstall with me ; I defied 'em 
 still. Shakcsp. Hen. VHI. 
 
 Fall on, fall on, and hear him not ; 
 But spare his person for his father's sake.Drj/dcn. 
 
 Draw all ; and when I give the w ord, fall on. 
 
 Oedipus. 
 
 F A L 
 
 He pretends, among the rest, to quarrel with 
 
 me, tu have fallen foul an priesthood. Dryden 
 
 55. To/ail over. To revolt; to desert from 
 one side to the other. 
 
 And do'st thou uowfall (wrr to my foes ? 
 Tliou wear a lion's hide! doff it, fur shame, 
 And hang a calve's skin on those recreant Jimbs. 
 Shakesp. K. John. 
 
 5G, To fall out. To quarrel; to jar; to 
 grow contentious. 
 
 Little needed those proofs to one who v.-ould 
 havefalUn out with lierself, rather than make any 
 conjectures to Zelinanc's speeches. Sidney. 
 
 JlnwfeU you nut, >ay that ? 
 —No contraries hold more antipathy, 
 Thau 1 and such a knave. Hhakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Meeting her of late behind the wood. 
 Seeking sweet favours for tliis hatt-fui fool, 
 I did upbraid licr, and_/a// out willi lier. Shakesp. 
 
 The cedar, by the instigation of the loyalists, 
 fell out with the homebians, who had elected him 
 to be tlicir king. Howel. 
 
 A soul exas^K-rated in \\U, falls out 
 With every thnig, its friend, itself. Addhon's Cato. 
 
 It has been my misfortune to live among quar- 
 relsome neighbours: there is but one tlnng can 
 make as fallout, and that is the inheritance of 
 lord Strut's estate. ArbuthnoCs John Bull. 
 
 57. To fall out. To happen ; to befall. 
 Who think you is my ]Jor\is fallen out to be ? 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Now, for the most part, it so fuUeth out, touch- 
 ing things which generally are received, that al- 
 though in themselves they be most certain, yet, be- 
 cause men presume them granted of all, wc are 
 hardliest able to bring proof of their certainty. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 It to fell out, that certain players 
 W« o'eV-rode on the way ; of those we told him. 
 
 Shatter . 
 
 Yet so it may fall out, because their end 
 Is hate, not help to me. Miltori's Agonistes. 
 
 There fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs 
 and the mice. UEstrange. 
 
 if it so fait out that you are miserable for evrr, 
 thou hast no reason to be surprised, as if some un- 
 expected thing had hai»pened. Tillotson. 
 
 58. To fall to. To begin eagerly to eat. 
 The men werefashion'd in a larger mould, 
 
 The women fit for labour, big and bold ; 
 Gigantick hinds, as soon as work was done, 
 'J'o their hiipe pots of boiling pulse would run ; 
 Fall to, witli eager joy, on homely food. Dryden. 
 
 59 . To fall to. To apply himself to. 
 They would needsyii// to the practice of those 
 
 virtues wliich they before learnea. Sidney. 
 
 I know thee not, old man ; fall to thy prayers : 
 How ill white hairs bcqome a tool and jester. "iVm^. 
 
 Having been broujiht up an idle horseboy, he 
 will never after_/u// (olabour : bat is only made fit 
 for tlie halter. , Spenscr^ 
 
 They fell to raising money under pretence of tlie 
 relief ol Ireland. Clarendon. 
 
 My lady fulls to play : so bad her chance, 
 He must repair it. Pope. 
 
 GO. To fall under. To be subject to; to 
 
 become the subject of. 
 
 Wc know the eiVccts of heat will be such as will 
 scarce^/tt// under the conceit of men, if the force 
 of it be altogether kept in. Bacons Ntit. Hist. 
 
 Those things which are whitlly in the choice of 
 another, ^(/// under our deliteralion. Taulor. 
 
 1 lie idea of the painter and the sculptor is un- 
 doubtedly that perfect and excellent example of 
 the mind', by imitation of which imagined form, 
 all things are represented which fall under human 
 sight. Drydats Vufresnoy. 
 
 61. To fall under. To be ranged with ; to 
 
 be reckoned with. 
 
 No rules iliat relate to pastoral can alTcct the 
 Georgicks, which^a// under that chiss of poetry 
 which consists in giving plain instructions to the 
 reader, Add\$on on the Georgicks. 
 
 F A L 
 
 62. To fall upon. To attack ; to invade 5 
 tu assault. 
 
 Auria falling upon tile gallies, had with them 
 a cruel and deadly fight. KnolUs. 
 
 An infection in town first falls upon children, 
 weak constitutions, or those that are subject to 
 other diseases ; but, spreading further, seizes upon 
 the most healthy. Temple. 
 
 Man falls upon every thing that comes in liis 
 
 way ; not a berry or mushroom can escape him. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 To get rid of fools and Bcoandrels was one part 
 of my design injallinsnpon these atilhurs. rape, 
 G3. To fall upon. To attempt. 
 
 I do nut intend iofall upon nice philosophical 
 disciuisitions about the nature of time. Holder. 
 
 (J4-. To full upon. To rush against. 
 
 At the same time that the storm bears upon the 
 whole species, we are falling foul upon one an- 
 other. Addison. 
 G.j. Fall is one of those general words of 
 whicli it is very difficult to ascertain or 
 detail the full signification. It retains iii 
 most of its senses some part of its pri- 
 mitive meaning, and implies either lite- 
 rally or figuratively descent, violence, or 
 suddenness. In many of its senses it is 
 opposed to rise ; but in otliers has no 
 counterpart or correlative. 
 
 To Fall. v. a. 
 
 1. To drop; to let fall. 
 
 To-morrow in the battle think on me, 
 At\fiJ'aU thy edgeless sword, despair and die.j^ad. 
 
 If that the earth could teem with woman't tears. 
 Each drop shefalls would prove a crocodile.SAof:. 
 
 Draw together ; 
 And when I rear my hand, do you the like, 
 TuJ'all it on Goiizalo. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 1 am wilting to fall this argument ; tis free for 
 every man to write or not to write in verse, as be 
 thinks it is or is not his talent, or as be imagines 
 the audience will receive it. Dryden. 
 
 2. To sink ; to depress ; the contrary to 
 raise. 
 
 If a man would endeavour to raise 01 fall hit 
 voice still by half notes, like the stops of a lute, 
 or by whole notes alone without halfs, as far as a:i 
 eight, he will not be able to frame his voice tinto 
 it. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. To diminish ; to let sink : opposed to 
 raise. 
 
 Upon lessening interest to four percent, you fall 
 the price of your native commodities, or lessen 
 your trade, or else prevent not the high uscLorfce. 
 
 4. To yean ; to bring forth. 
 
 They then conceiving, did in yeaning time 
 Fall party-colour'd lambs, and those w ere Jacob's. 
 
 Shahefp. 
 
 Fall. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . The act of drojiping from on high. 
 
 High o'er their heads a raould'ring rock is plac'd. 
 That promises ajall, and shakes at every blast. 
 
 Drytlen. 
 
 2. The act of tumblini; from an erect pos- 
 ture. 
 
 1 saw him run lifter a gilded butterfly ; and 
 when he caught it, he let it g^' again, and after it 
 again ; and over aiul over be conies, and up 
 again, and caught it a^ain ; or whether h\s/ail 
 enraged him, or how it was, he did ;" set his 
 teelli, and did tear it. Shakesp. 
 
 3. The violence suffered in dropping from 
 on high. 
 
 Jly son coming into his marriage-chamber, 
 haiip'cned to have a fall, ami died, a Esdr. 1.48. 
 
 Spirit if wine, mingled with common water, if 
 the lirst fall be broken, by means of a sop, or 
 otherwise, staycth above; and oner if min^'led, 
 it scvereih no*t again, as oil dolh. 
 
 Bacon's Phys. Uem. 
 
 A fever ot Jail may take away iny leason. hxke. 
 
 C85
 
 F A L 
 
 Some were hurt by the fatls they got by leaping 
 upon the ground. duUive/s Travels. 
 
 4. Death; overthrow ; destruction in- 
 cuiTed. 
 
 Wail h\s fall, 
 Whom 1 myself struck down. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Our fathers were given to the sword, and for a 
 spoil, and had a great fall before our enemies. 
 
 Judith, viii. 9. 
 
 I will begin to pray before thee for myself and 
 
 for them; tor I see ihe falls of us that dwell in 
 
 the land. 2 Esdr. viii. 17. 
 
 5. Ruin; dissolution. 
 
 Paul's, the late theme of such a muse, whose 
 fli-ht 
 Jias bravely reach'd and soar'd above tliy height ; 
 Now shall thou stand, though sword, or time, or 
 
 fire, 
 Or zeal more fierce than they, thy fall conspire. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 6. Downfall; loss of greatness; declen- 
 sion from eminence ; degradation ; state 
 of being deposed from a high station ; 
 plunge from happiness or greatness into 
 misery or meanness, or from virtue to 
 corruption. In a sense like this we say 
 the fail of man, and the fall of angels. 
 
 Her memory served as an accuser of her change, 
 and her own handwriting was there to bear testi- 
 mony against her fall. Sidney. 
 
 Perhaps thou talk'st of me, and do'st enquire 
 Of ray restraint : why here I live alone ; 
 And piliest this my uViscrableJa^/, 
 
 DanieVs CtvH IVar. 
 
 He, careless now of int'rest, fame, or fate. 
 Perhaps forgets that Oxford e'er was great; 
 Or deeming meanest what we greatest call, 
 Beholds thee glorious only in \.hy fall. 
 
 Pope to Parnel. 
 
 7. Declension of greatness, power, or do- 
 minion. 
 
 Till the empire came to be settled in Charles 
 the Great, ihe fall of the Romans huge dominion 
 concurring with other universal evils, caused those 
 times to be days of much affliction and trouble 
 throughout the world. Hooker. 
 
 S. Diminution ; decrease of value. 
 
 That the improvement of Ireland is the princi- 
 pal cause why our lands in purchase rise not, as 
 naturally they should, with ihefall u( our interest, 
 appears evidently from the e dec t the fait of in- 
 terest hath had upon houses in London. Child. 
 
 i). Declination or diminution of sound ; 
 cadence ; close of musick. 
 
 T l»at strain again ; it had a dying fall : 
 O, it came o'er my ear, like the sweet South 
 That breathes upon, a hank of violets. 
 Stealing and givm^ odours. Sfta/ics/) Twelfth Kight. 
 
 How sweetly did they float upon thewings 
 Of silence, thorough the empty-vaulted night. 
 At ev'ryfall smoothing tlie raven down 
 Of darkness 'till it smil'd ! Milton. 
 
 10. Declivity; steep descent. 
 
 Waters when beat upon the shore, or straitned, 
 as the falls of bridges, or dashed against them- 
 selves by winds, give a roaring noise. 
 
 Bacon's A'af. Hist. 
 
 11. Cataract; cascade; rush of water 
 down a steep place. 
 
 There will we sit upon the rocks, 
 And see the shepherds feed their flocks 
 By shallow rivers, to whvsejalls 
 Melodious birds sing madrigals. Shakesp. 
 
 A whistlinj^ wind, or a melodious noise of birds, 
 among the spreading branches, or a pleasing^u// 
 of water running; violently, these things made 
 them to swoon for fear. Wisd. 
 
 Down through the crannies of the living walls 
 The crystal streams descend in murm'ring7"f/s. 
 
 VTydcn. 
 
 The swain, in barren deserts, with surprize 
 Sees lilies sprini;, and sudden verdure rise; 
 And starts, amidst the thirsty wild>, Xl, hear 
 ^ew falls of water murm'ring in his ear. Fope. 
 
 F A L 
 
 Now under hanging mountains, 
 Beside the falls of fountains, 
 He makes his moan ; 
 And calls her ghost, 
 Forever, ever, ever lost! Pope's St. Cecilia. 
 
 12. The outlet of a current into any other 
 water. 
 
 Before the fall of the Po into the gulph, it re- 
 ceives into its channel considerable rivers. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 13. Autumn ; the fall of the leaf; the time 
 when the leaves drop from the trees. 
 
 What crouds of patients the town doctor kills, 
 Or how last /u// he rais'd the weekly bills. i>rvrfcn. 
 
 14. An V thing that comes down in great 
 quantities. 
 
 Upon a great fb// of rain the current carried 
 away a huge heap of apples. U Estrange. 
 
 15. The act of felling or cutting down; 
 as, the fall of timber. 
 
 FALLA'CIOUS. ailj, [fallax, Lai, fa l- 
 lacieuxj Fr.] 
 
 1. Producing mistake; sophistical. It is 
 never used of men, but of writings, 
 propositions, or things. 
 
 The Jews believed and assented to things nei- 
 ther evident nor certain, nor vet so much as pro- 
 bable, but actually false and /u//acJous; such as 
 the absurd doctrines and stories of their rabbles. 
 South's Sermotis. 
 
 2. Deceitful ; mocltiog expectation. 
 
 The force of that follacious fruit. 
 That with exhilarating vapour bland 
 About their spirits had play'd, and inmost pow'rs 
 IVIade err, was now exhal'd. Milton's Pur. Lost. 
 
 False philosophy inspires 
 Fallacious hope. Miltcm. 
 
 Falla'ciously. adv. [from fallacious.] 
 Sophistically ; with purpose to deceive ; 
 with unsound reasoning. 
 
 We shall so far encourage contradiction, as to 
 promise not to oppose any pen that shall falLtci- 
 ouslxi refute us. Broun. 
 
 We have seen hovf fallaciousli} the autlior has 
 stated the cause, by supposing that nothing but 
 unlimited merc}', or unlimited punishment, are 
 the methods that can be made use of. Addison. 
 Falla'ciousness. n.s. [fi-om fallacious,] 
 Tendency to deceive; inconclusiveness. 
 Fa'llacy. n. s. [ fallrcia, Lat. fallace, 
 Fr.] Sophism ; logical artifice ; deceit ; 
 deceitful argument; delusory mode of 
 ratiocination. 
 
 I\Io5t princes make themselves another thing 
 from the people by r fallacy of argument, think- 
 ing themselves most kings when the subject is 
 most basely subjected. Sidney. 
 
 Until I know this sure uncertainty, 
 I'll entertain the iavoviid fallacy. Shakes^. 
 
 It were a mere fallacy, and mistaking to ascribe 
 that to the force of imagination upon another body, 
 which i« but the force of imagination up<jn the 
 proper body. Bacon. 
 
 All men, who can see an inch before them, 
 mav easily detect gTosafallacies. Dryden. 
 
 Falli'bility. n.s, [from fallible] Lia- 
 bleness to be deceived ; uncertainty ; 
 possibility of errour. 
 
 There is a great deal o? fallibility in the testi- 
 mony of men; \et some things we may be al- 
 most as certain uf, as that the sun shines, or that 
 five twenties make au hundred. M atts. 
 
 FA'LLIBLE. adj. [ fallo, l.-X.] Liable 
 to errour; such as may be deceived. 
 
 Do nr.t falsify your resolution with hujies that 
 aie faitihle: to-"inurro\v you nuist die. Shakesp. 
 
 He that creates to liimseif thousands of little 
 Iiopes, uncertain in the [iromise, faUUde in tlie 
 event, and depending upon a tliousaud circum- 
 stances, often fail his expectations. I'aylor. 
 
 Our intellectual or rational powers necdsomci 
 
 F A L 
 
 assistance, because they are so frail and/a(/a/e io 
 the present state. lt'a«s. 
 
 Falling. 1 7t.s.[froni/fl//.] Indentings 
 Ea'lling in, J opposed to prominence. 
 It shows the nose and eyebrows, with the se- 
 veral prominences md failings in of the features, 
 much more distinctly tlian any otlier liind of d- 
 ?"re- Aildism. 
 
 Fa'llingsickness. n.s. [fall and sick- 
 ni-ss.] ITie epilepsy ; a disease in which 
 the patient is witiiout any warning de- 
 prived at once of his senses, and falls 
 down. 
 
 Did Cajsar swoon ?— He fell down in the mar- 
 ket-place, and foam'd at mouth, and was speech- 
 less. — He hath the faiiing-sickneas. Shal<esp. 
 Tlie dogfi sher is good against_/a/(ing-sic/cneis. 
 
 Walton. 
 
 FA'LLOW. adj. [palepe, Sax.] 
 
 1 . Pale red ; or pale yellow. 
 
 How does your/a//a«) greyhound, sir? 
 I heard say, he was out run at Cotsale. Shakesp. 
 
 The king, who was excessively atiected to hunt- 
 ing, had a {jreat desire to make a great park for 
 red as well mfaiiow deer between llichiuond and 
 Hampton-court. Clarendon. 
 
 2. Unsowed ; left to rest after the years of 
 tillage. [Supposed to be so called from 
 the oolour of naked ground.] 
 
 The ridges of ihefalloa' field lay traversed, so 
 as the English must cross them in presenting the 
 charge. Haxjward. 
 
 3. Plowed, but not sowed ; plowed as pre- 
 pared for a second aration. 
 
 Her predecessors, in their course of goveni- 
 nient, did but someiimes cast up the ground ; and 
 so leaving itfailow, it became quickly overgrown 
 with weeds. Hiywel's'Vocal Forest. 
 
 ■i, Unplowed; uncultivated. 
 
 Her fallow lees 
 The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory, 
 Doth root upon. Sliahcsp. Henry V. 
 
 5. Unoccupied ; neglected. 
 
 Shall saints in civil bloodshed wallow 
 Of saints, and let the cause lie fallow ? Hudibras. 
 
 Fa'llow. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. Ground plowed in order to be plowed 
 again. 
 
 The plowing o^ fallows is a benefit to land. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 The best ploughs to plow up Summer faitow 
 
 with. " Mortimer. 
 
 2. Ground lying at rest. 
 
 Within an ancient forest's ample verge. 
 There stands a lonely- but a healthful dwelling. 
 Built for convenience, and the use of life ; 
 Around it tallows, meads, and pastures fair, 
 A little garden, and a limpid brook, 
 Bv nature's own contrivance seems dispos'd.Kowe. 
 
 To Fallow, v. a. To plow in order to a 
 second plowing. 
 
 Begin to plow up fallows: this first fallouing 
 ought to be very shallow. Mortimer s Hushandy. 
 
 Fa'llowness. n. s. \{rom fallow.] Bar- 
 renness ; an exemption from bearing 
 fi-uit. 
 Like one, who, in her third widowhood, doth 
 profess 
 Herself a nun, ty'd to retiredness, 
 S' aU'ccls mv muse now a chiLste fallawruss.Donne. 
 
 FALSE, ailj. [falsus, Lat.' faux, fausse, 
 
 Fr.] 
 ]. Not morally true; expressing that which 
 is not thought. 
 
 Innocence shall make 
 TaUc accusation blush, and tyranny 
 Tremble at patience. it'uikesp. H'intfr's Tale. 
 
 There are /u/se witnesses among men. L' Estrange. 
 '2. Not phyaically true ; conceiving that 
 which does not exist. 
 
 6S6
 
 F A L 
 
 For how can that he false, which evVj tongue 
 Of ev'ry mortal mail atfirras for true ? 
 
 Wliich truth halh in all ages been so strong, 
 As loadstone like, all hearts it e\"er drew. Davits. 
 
 A farce is thai in poetry which grotesque is in a 
 picture ; the persons and actions of a farce are all 
 unnatural, and the manners_/ii/5e ; that is, incon- 
 sistent with the characters of mankind, Vryden 
 
 3" Succedaneous ; supposititious. 
 
 Take a vessel, and make a false bottom of coarse 
 canvass; fill it with earth above the can vass.Bact^n 
 
 4. Deceiving expectation ; not solid ; not 
 sound. 
 
 He fell, as a huge rocky clifT, 
 AVhose false founilaliun waves have wash'd away, 
 \Vith dreadful poise is from the main laud reft. 
 
 Fa'iru Queen. 
 
 When that flood in its own depths was drowu'd. 
 It left behind u false and slipp'ry ground. Driid. 
 
 The heart of nuiu looks fair, but when we couie 
 to lay any weight upon't, the ground is fahe under 
 us. L'Estrange. 
 
 5. Not agreeable to rule, or propriety. 
 
 Now, fv upon my false French ; by mine ho- 
 nour, in true tnglisli, 1 love thee, Kate. Shak. 
 
 6. Not honest; not just. 
 
 The true prince may, for recreation, prove a 
 
 false thief ; for the poor abuses of the limes want 
 
 countenance. Shakcsp. 
 
 Men are spunges, which, to pour out, receive ; 
 
 Who know false play, rather than lose, deceive. 
 
 Donne. 
 7- Treacherous; perfidious; traiterous; 
 deceitful ; hollow. 
 
 1 grant him bloody. 
 Luxurious, avaricious, f^lse, deceitful. 
 Sudden, malic'w^us, smacking of ev'ry sin 
 That has a name. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Falae of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 A man to whom he had committed the trust of 
 
 his person, in making him his chamberlain ; this 
 
 raan, no wa^s disgraced, no ways discontent, 
 
 no ways put in fear, turns faUe unto him. 
 
 Bacons Henry VI. 
 So hast thou cheated Theseus with a wile. 
 Against thy vow, returning to beguile 
 Under a borro^v'd name; as false To me, 
 Sofalse thou art to him who set thee hee.Dryden. 
 The ladies will make a numerous party against 
 him, for being_^d/ie to love in forsaking Dido. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. Counterfeit; hypocritical; not real: as, 
 Bl false diamond. 
 
 Falfe tears true pity moves : tlie kingcoramaiids 
 To loose his fetters. Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 9. In allthese senses true is the word op- 
 posed. 
 
 False, adv. Not truly; not honestly; not 
 exactly ; falsely. 
 
 What thou would'st highlv. 
 That thou would'st holily ; would''st not plav/a/se. 
 And yet would'st wrongly win. Sluikesp. Macbeth. 
 
 7b False, r.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To violate by failure of veracity. 
 
 Is'i not enough that to this lady mild, 
 Tliou falsed hast iliy faith with perjury ? Fairy Q. 
 
 2. To deceive. 
 
 ^Fair seemly pleasance each to other makes. 
 With goodly purposes there as they sit ; 
 
 And in Uhfalsed fancy he her takes 
 To be the fairest ight that lived yet. Fairy Q. 
 
 S. To make feints ; as fencers commonly 
 do. ^ 
 
 But, Guyon, in the heat of all his strife, 
 Was wary wise, and closely did await 
 
 Advantage, whilst his foe did rage most rise; 
 Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him strait, 
 And^aised oft his blows t' illude him w itli such 
 t-ait. Fairy Q. 
 
 4. This word is now out of use. 
 
 Falsehea'rted. adj. [false and heart.] 
 
 F A L 
 
 Treacherous ; perfidious; deceitftil ; hoi 
 low. 
 
 The traiterous or treacherous, wlio have milled 
 others, are severely punished; and the neutrals 
 and falsehearted fntnds and followers, who have 
 started aside like a broken bow, he noted' Bacon. 
 
 Fa'lsehood. n. s. [from fahe.] 
 
 I . Want of truth ; want of veracity. 
 
 Artificer of fraud ; he was the first 
 That practis'd /ti/i/iood under saintly show. MiUon. 
 
 All deception in the course of fife is, indeed, 
 nothing else but a lie reduced to practice, and 
 falsehood passing from words to things. South. 
 
 2. Want of honesty ; treachery ; deceit 
 fulness; perfidy. 
 
 Nothing wants, but that thy shape, 
 Like his, and colour serpriitine, may show 
 Thy inward fraud, to warn all creatures from thee 
 Henceforth ; lest that too heav'niy form, pretendtd 
 To UtWhUfalshood, snare them. Milton: 
 
 3. A lie ; a false assertion. 
 
 In your answers there mmainsfalshood. Job 
 
 4. Counterfeit ; imposture. 
 
 For nofaishoi^d can endure 
 Tovich of celestial temper, but returns 
 Of force to its own likeness. MiUon. 
 
 Fa'lsely. adv. [from false,] 
 
 1. Contrarily to truth ; not truly. 
 
 Simeon and Levi spake not on\y falsely but in- 
 sidiously, nay hypocritically, abusuig proselytes 
 ar.d religion. Cor. of the Tongue. 
 
 Already were the Belgians on our coast, 
 Whose 6eet more rai"hty every day became 
 
 By late success, wTiicn they did falsely boast, 
 Ancinow by first appearing seem'd to claim. DiT/d. 
 
 Tell liim " I did in vain his brother move. 
 And yet hefabelij said he was in love ; 
 Fabely; fjtr had he truly lov'd, at least 
 He would have giv'n one day to my request. Dn//i. 
 
 Such as are treated ill, and uphTa.ided faUelu , 
 find out an intimate friend that will hear their 
 complaints, and endeavour to sooth their secret 
 resentments. Addison's Spectator, 
 
 2. Erroneously ; by mistake. 
 
 He knows that to be inconvenient which we 
 faistlv think convenient for us. Smalridge*s Serm. 
 
 3. Perfidiously ; treacherously ; deceitfully. 
 Falseness, n, s. [from false. 1 
 
 1. Contrariety to truth. 
 
 2. Want of veracity ; violation of promise. 
 
 Suppose the reverse of virtue were solemnly 
 enacted, and the practice of fraud and rapine, anti 
 perjury and falseness to a man's word, and all vice 
 were established by a law, would that which we 
 now call vice gain the reputation of virtue, and 
 that which we now call virtue grow odious to 
 human nature ? Titlotson, 
 
 3. Duplicity ; deceit; double dealing. 
 
 Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, 
 and all falseness or foulness of intentions, espe- 
 cially to personated devotion. Hammond's Fundum. 
 
 4. Treachery ; perfidy ; traiterousness. 
 
 King Richard might create a |jeifect guess, 
 That great Norihumberland, ihen false to him, 
 \\ ould of that i-eed grow to a gredter falseness. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The prince is in no danger of being betrayed 
 by the falseness, or cheated by the avarice of such 
 a servant. Rogers. 
 
 Fa'lser. n. s, [£rom false.] A deceiver; 
 an hypocrite. Now obsolete. 
 
 Such end had the kid ; fur he would weaned be 
 Of craft coloured with sintpllcity ; 
 And such end, pardie, does all them remain. 
 That of such falser s friendship been fain Spenser. 
 
 Falsifi'able. adj, \ from falsifj/,] Liable 
 to be counterfeited or corrupted. 
 
 Falsification. n,s. [falsificalion, Fr, 
 from fal si fi/ J] 
 
 F A L 
 
 I. The act of couoterfeiting any thing so 
 as to make it appear what it is not. 
 
 Concerning the word of God, whether it be by 
 misconstruction of the Mrnse, or by falsification of 
 
 the words, wittingW to endeaToar'tliat'ani^ thinjj 
 
 which is not, is very pUinlv to 
 
 abuse, and even to falsify Divine evidence, which 
 
 may seem divine i 
 
 injury, otiered but unto men, is most worthily 
 counted heinous. Hooker. 
 
 To counterfeit the dead image of a king in his 
 coin is an hieh offence ; but to counterfeit the lir- 
 ing image ofa king in his person, exceedeih all 
 falsifications \ exctj^t it should be that of a .Malio- 
 met, that counterieiiA Diviue honour. Bacon. 
 
 2. Confutation. 
 
 The poet invents this fiction to prevent pos- 
 terity from searcliing after this isle, and to pre- 
 serve bis st'Ty from detection oi falsification. 
 
 Broome, 
 
 Fa'lsifier. n, s, [homfahify.] 
 
 1. One that counterfeits ; one that makes 
 any thing to seem what it is not 
 
 It happens in theories built on too obvious or 
 too few experiments, what happens tofaUifiers of 
 coin ; for counterfeit money wili endure some one 
 proof, others another, but noi.e of them all proof:>. 
 
 2. A liar; one that contrives falsehoods. 
 
 Boasters are naturally /a/5i/5ers, and the people, 
 of all others, that put ibeir shams the worst toge- 
 Iher. VEstrange. 
 
 7b Falsify. t\a. [falsifier, Fr,] 
 l.To counterfeit; to forge; to produce 
 something for that which in reality it is 
 not. 
 
 We cannot excuse tliat charch, which throogh 
 corrupt translations of scripture, deli^crclFi, in- 
 stead of divine speeches, any thing repugnant 
 unto that which God speaketh"; or, liirough JbU- 
 Jifd additions, proposeth that to the people of God 
 as Scripture, which is in truth uo ScTi[tturc. Hooker. 
 The Irish bards use to forge ^ndjatafy every 
 thing as they list, to please or displease anv man. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Falsifying the balance by deceit. jimcts. 
 
 2. To confute ; to prove false. 
 
 Our Saviour's prophecy- stands good in the de- 
 struction of the temple, and the dissolution of the 
 Jewish aconoray, when Jews and Pagans united 
 ail their endeavours, under Julian the apostate, to 
 bathe and falsify the prediction. Addison. 
 
 3. To violate ; to break by falsehood. - 
 
 It shall be thy work, thy shameful work, which 
 is in thy puwer to shun, to make him live to see 
 thy fa\l\\falsif<ed, and bis bed defiled. Sidney. 
 
 "He suddenly jdin/rfd his faith, and villainouifv 
 slew Selvnies the king, us he was balliiug himself, 
 mistrusting nutliing less than the falsehood of the 
 pirate. Knolles's History. 
 
 This superadds treachery to all the other pesti- 
 lent ingredients of the cnme j 'tis the falstfving 
 tlie most important trust. Decay cf Vtety. 
 
 4. To pierce; to run through. 
 
 His crest is rash'd away, his ample shield 
 Isfalsifud, And round wiih jav'lins fiU'd. Drydcn. 
 
 Of tliis word ilr. Drydcn writes thus : My 
 friends quarrelled at the word Jalsified, as aii in- 
 novation in our language. Tlie fact is confessed ; 
 for I remember not to have read it in any Eln^- 
 lish author; though perhaps it may he found m 
 Spenser's Fairy Queen. But suppose it to l>e not 
 there: why am I forbidden to borrow from the 
 Italian, a 'polished language, the word which is 
 wanting in u»y native tongue .' Horace li:;s given 
 us a rule for coining worJs, si gnrcofonte cadant, 
 especially when other words are joined wiih tJieiu 
 which explain the sense. 1 useti the wonAjaisify, 
 in this place, to mean that the shield of Turnus 
 was not o( proof against the spears and javelins of 
 the Trojans, which had pierced it through and 
 tlirough in many places. The words which ac- 
 company this new one, makes my meaning plain: 
 
 Ma si /' Vsbcr^o d' Amhi era perfettOf 
 Che nwi potcr falsarlo in nessum c'anta. 
 
 Arioslo, CAQt. xxvi. 
 
 687
 
 F A M 
 
 Falsar cannot otherwise be tunud tliaii hyfalsi- 
 Jied: for 1)13 shield was falsed, is not English. 1 
 might indeed liave contented myself with suyin-^ 
 his shield was pierced, and bored, and sluc-k. with 
 javelins. Drijden. 
 
 Dryden, with all this effort, was not able to na- 
 turalise the new si^nilication, whicli I have never 
 seen copied, exce|>t once hy some obscure name 
 less writer, and whicii indeed deserves not to be 
 received. 
 
 7b Fa'lsify. v.n. To tell lies; to violate 
 trutli. 
 
 This point have we trained, that it is absolutely 
 and universally unlawful to lie i\wf\ faUify . South. 
 
 rA'LSiTY. 71. s. [fidsitas, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Falsehood ; contrariety to truth. 
 
 Neither are thev able to break through those 
 errour-, wherein tliey are so deterniinately set- 
 tled, tiiat tlicy pay wwXofahitii the whole sum of 
 whatsoever love is owing unto God's truth. Huo/cer. 
 
 Can you on him s\ic\\fais\lks obtrude ? 
 And as a mortal the most wise delude ? Saiidus. 
 
 rrobaliiJity does not make any alteration, either 
 in the truth orjii/sifi/ of tilings ; but only imports 
 a different degree of their clearness or appearance 
 to the understanding. South. 
 
 2. A lye; an eiTour; a false assertion or 
 position. 
 
 That Daiiubius arlselh from the Pyrencan hills, 
 that the earth is higher towards the North, are 
 opinions truly charged on Aristotle by the restorer 
 of Epicurus, and all easily coi\{utH]^ffahittes. 
 
 Glanvilits Scepsis. 
 
 To FA'LTER. i'. w. [foliar to he ^vant- 
 
 ingj Span. vauUur a sttimmerer, Islan- 
 
 dick, which is probably a word from the 
 
 same radical.] 
 
 1. To hesitate in the utterance of words. 
 
 \\\\\\jaUei''uig tongue, and trembiuig ev'ry vein, 
 Tell on, quotli she. Fairy Q.ueen. 
 
 The pale assistants on each other slar'd. 
 With gaping mouths fur issuing words prepar'd ; 
 The still-born sounds upon the palate hung, 
 And dy'd imperfect on thejfti/(Vi»^ tongue. Dryd. 
 
 He changes, gods ! unSjalters at the question : 
 His fears, bis words, his look, declare him guilty. 
 
 iSmith. 
 
 2. To fail in any act of the body. 
 
 This earth shall have a feeling ; and these stones 
 Prove armed soldiers, ere licr native king 
 iihaW falter under foul rebellious arms. Shakesp. 
 
 He'fountl his legs falter. IViscmuns Surgery. 
 
 S. To fail in any act of the understanding. 
 
 How far idiots are concerned in the want or 
 weakness of any or all faculties, an exact observa- 
 tion of their several ways o( faltering would dis- 
 cover. Locke. 
 To Fa'ltePv. r. a. To sift ; to cleanse, 
 This M'ord seems to be merely rustick or 
 pi'ovinciiil. 
 
 Baiicy for malt must be bold, dry, sweet, and 
 cieau faltered from foulness, seeds and oats. 
 
 Mortimer'a Hiishuudry. 
 
 Fa'lteringly. adv, [i\'om falter.] With 
 hesitation ; with difficulty ; with feeble- 
 ness. 
 
 To Fa'mble. v. a. [famkr^ Dan.] To 
 hesitate in the speech. This word I find 
 only in Skinner, 
 
 FAMl'L. n. s, [fama, Lat. (pa/xa^ Dorick.] 
 
 1. Celebrity; renown. 
 
 The house to be huilded for the Lord must be 
 exceeding mai:nifical, ofjame and of glory through- 
 out all countries. Chro. 
 
 The desire *.S fame will not sulTer endowments 
 to lie useless. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 What is this fame, for which we thoughts euiplov, 
 The owner's wife, which other men enjoy? Pope. 
 
 2. Report; rumour. 
 
 \y e have heard the^ame of him, and all that he 
 
 did in Egypt, Jos. ix. 9. 
 
 I shall shew what are true/«m«. Bacon. 
 
 F A M 
 
 Fa'med. adj. [from fame.] Renowned; 
 celebrated ; much talked of. 
 He is fum'd for mildness, peace and prayer. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He purposes to seek the Clarian god, 
 Avuiding Dclphos, his more fam'd abode, 
 Since Phiegian robbers made unsafe the road. 
 
 Vruden. 
 
 Aristides was an Athenian philosopher, /amt'd 
 
 for his learning and wisdom ; but converted to 
 
 Christianity. Addison. 
 
 Fa'meless. adj. [from fame.] Having 
 no fame ; without renown. Not in use. 
 
 Then let mc, J'ameless, love the fields and woods, 
 The fruitful water'd vales and running floods. iVa^. 
 
 FAMI'LIAR. adj. [familiaris, Lat,] 
 
 1. Domestick ; relating to a family. 
 
 They range/ami/iar to tlie dome. Pope. 
 
 2. Affable; not formal; easy in conver- 
 sation. 
 
 Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.S/ia?c. 
 
 Be not too famiUnr with Poins ; for he misuses 
 thy favours so much, that he swears thou art to 
 marry his sister Nell. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Unceremonious ; free, as among per- 
 sons long acquainted. 
 
 Kalandar streight thought he saw his niece 
 Parthenia, and was about in such^ami/iar sort to 
 have spoki-n unto her; but she, in grave and ho- 
 nourable manner, gave him to understand that he 
 was mistaken. Sidney. 
 
 4. Well known; brought into knowledge 
 by frequent practice of custom. 
 
 I sc« not how the Scripture could be possibly 
 raade^hmiVmr unto all, unless far more should be 
 read in the people's hearing than by a sermon can 
 be opened. Booker. 
 
 Let us chuse such noble counsel, 
 That war, or peace, or both at once, may be 
 As things acquainted andfajniHar to us. Shakesp. 
 
 Our sweet 
 Recess and only consolation left 
 Familiar to our eyes ! MUlons Par. Lost. 
 
 One idea which is familiar to the mind, con- 
 nected with others which are new and strange, 
 will bring those new ideas into easy remembrance. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 5. Well acquainted with ; accustomed ; ha- 
 bituated by custom. 
 
 Or chang'd at length, and to the place conforinM 
 In temper and in nature, will receive 
 Familiar the fierce heat, and vniil of ^yam. Milton. 
 
 The senses at first let in particular ideas ; and 
 the mind, by degrees, growingyami/iar with some 
 of them, they are lodged in the memory, and 
 names got to them. Locke. 
 
 He was amazed how so impotent and groveling 
 
 an insect as I could entertain such inhmuan ideas, 
 
 and in so familiar a manner, as to appear wholly 
 
 unmoved at all the scenes of blood and desolation. 
 
 Gulliver^s Travels. 
 
 Patient permit the sadly-pleasing strain, 
 Fainitiar now with grief, your tears refrain. Pope. 
 
 6. Common ; frequent. 
 
 To a wrong hypothesis may be reduced the er- 
 rours that may be occasioned hy a true hypothe- 
 sis, but not rightly understood : there is nothing 
 moTeJamiiiar tliaii this. Locke. 
 
 7. Easy; unconstrained. 
 
 He unreins 
 His nmse, and sports in loose /amt/i'ar strains. 
 
 Addisoti. 
 
 8. Too nearly acquainted. 
 
 A poor man found a priest familiar with his 
 wife, and because he spake it abroad, and could 
 not prove it, the priest sued him for defamation. 
 
 Camdtn. 
 
 FaMI'lIAR. 7}. s. 
 
 l.An intimate; one long acquainted. 
 
 The king is a noble gentleman, and my familiar. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 When he finds himself avoided and neglected 
 
 by h\^Jamiliiirs, this aliects him. liogers. 
 
 2. A demon supposed to attend at call. 
 
 F A M 
 
 Love is a familiar ; there is no evil ancel but 
 l"ve. Shakesp. 
 
 Familia'rity. n. s. {Jamiliariti, Fr, 
 {vom familiar.'] 
 
 1. Easiness of conversation; omission of 
 ceremony ; affability. 
 
 2. Acquaintance ; habitude. 
 
 We contract at last such an intimacy and /ami- 
 Uaiiti) with them, as malies it ditKcult aiicl irk- 
 some for us to call olf our minds. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Easy intercourse. 
 
 They say any mortals may enjoy the most inti- 
 mate _/(i?H(7mri((t's with these gentle spirits. Pojye. 
 
 To Familia'rize. v. a. \Jamiliariser, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To make familiar ; to make easy by ha- 
 bitude ; to make common. 
 
 2. To bring down from a state of distant 
 superiority. 
 
 The genius smiled upon me with a look of com- 
 passion and atfability xhdit. familiarized him to my 
 nuagination, and at once dispelled all fear ana 
 apprehensions. Addhions Spectator. 
 
 Fami'liarly. adv. [h-omfamiltar.] 
 
 1. Unceremoniously ; with freedom like 
 that of long acquaintance. 
 
 Because that 1 familiarly sometimes 
 Do use you for my fool, and chat witn you, 
 Your sawciness will jest upon my iuve. Shakesp. 
 
 He talks asfamiliarilij of John of Gaunt as if 
 lie had been sworn brother to him ; and Til be 
 sworn he never saw him but once in the Tiltyard, 
 and then he broke his head. Shakesp. 
 
 The gnvernourcame tons, and, after .salutations, 
 sa.\d fa mi liar 1 1}, that he was come to visit us, and 
 called for a cnair and sat him down. Bacon. 
 
 2. Commonly; frequently; with the un- 
 concernedness or easiness of long cus- 
 tom. 
 
 Lesser mists and fogs than those which covered 
 Greece with so long darkness, ditftuniliarly ))re- 
 sent our senses with as great alterations in the sun 
 and moon. Raleigh's Ilistury. 
 
 3. Easily ; without solemnity ; without 
 formality. 
 
 Horace still charms with graceful negligence. 
 And wltlioutmethod talks us into sense ; 
 Will, like a friend, Jamiliarly convey 
 The truest notions in the easiest way. Pope. 
 
 FAMI'LLE. [en fa?mlle, ¥t.] In a fa- 
 mily Avay; domestically. 
 
 Deluded mortals, whom the great 
 Chuse for companions tete-a-tete ; 
 Who at tlieir dinners, enfamille, 
 Get leave to sit wht ne'er you will. Swift. 
 
 Fa'milv, «. s. [familia, Lat. families 
 
 Fr.] 
 1 . Those who live in the same house ; 
 household. 
 
 The night made litlle impression on myself ; hut 
 I cannot answer for my v>' hole Jamil y ; for my wife 
 prevailed on me to take somewliat. Suijt. 
 
 •2. Those that descend from one common 
 progenitor; a race ; a tribe; a genera- 
 tion. 
 Of Gersliou was ihefamily of the Libiiites. 
 
 Ntim. 
 3. A course of descent ; a genealogy. 
 
 If tliy ancient but i';nnble blood ^ 
 Has crept Ihrough scoundrels ever since the flood, 
 Go and complain thy i'amHy is young, 
 Nor own thy fathers have been fi»ls so long. Vope. 
 i. A class ; a tribe ; a species. 
 
 There be two great Jamilits of things, sulpliu- 
 reous and mercurial, inHamniable and not inHam- 
 mablc, mature and crude, oily and watry. JWon. 
 
 Famine, n. s. [famine,' Yr. funics, Lat.] 
 Scarcity of food ; dearth ; distress for 
 want of victuals. 
 
 688
 
 FAN 
 
 Our castle's strength 
 Will lauph a siege to scorn : here let tlicm lie, 
 ^TiUfamine and tiie ague eat tlicni up. hlitikesp. 
 
 Famijies liave not been of late obscr%'cd to be 
 rare, partly because of tlic industry of mankind, 
 partly by those supplies that ccmie by sea, but 
 principally by the <:o(nlness of God. Haie. 
 
 This city never ffit a sie;j;e before, 
 Bat from the !;ike receiv'd it-s daily store ; 
 Which now slnit up, and niiliiuns crowded here. 
 Famine "ill soon in niujtiiudi-s appear. Dryden. 
 
 To FA'MISH. V. a. [from fames, Lat. fa- 
 mis, old Tr.] 
 
 1. To kill with hunger ; to starve; to de- 
 stroy by want of food. 
 
 What, did lie marry mc lo famish me' Shaliesp. 
 
 The puilis u( famish' d TalUidus he'll feci, 
 And Sisyphus, that labours up the hill 
 The fowling rock in vain ; and curst Xxion's wheel. 
 
 Dri^dtn. 
 
 2. To kill by deprivation or denial of any 
 thing necessary to life. Milton uses il 
 with of. 
 
 Thin air 
 Above the ch^uds will pine his entr,iils gross, 
 And J'amish him o/' breath if not of bread. Miltm. 
 
 To Fa'mish. v. n. To die of hunger ; to 
 suffer exireme hunger. 
 You arc all resolved rather to die than lo famish. 
 
 Shtthesp^ 
 
 Fa'mishment. U.S. [from /amisA.] The 
 pain of hunger ; want of food. 
 
 Apicius, thou did'st on thy gut bestow 
 Full ninety millions ; yet, when this was spent, 
 
 Ten iuillions still remain'd to tliee ; which thou, 
 Fearijig to suffer thirst awA famishment. 
 In poisou'd pution drank'sU HakewiU on Pnwid. 
 
 Famo'sity. n. s. [from famous.] Re- 
 nown ; celebrity. Did. 
 Fa'.mous. adj. [fameuv, Yr.famosus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Renowned; celebrated; much talked of 
 and praised. 
 
 Henry the Fifth, too yu?nous to live long ; 
 Enelaitd ne'er lost a kinj: of so mucli worth. SJiak. 
 
 There rose up before INJuses two hundred and 
 fifty princes of the assembly, ;/(imi)((5 in the con- 
 grctiation, men of renown. Kumb. xvi. 2. 
 
 She became /anions among %vomen ; for they liad 
 executed judgment upon lier. Kzek. xxiii. 10. 
 
 Pvreius was only famims for counterfeiting all 
 
 base things ; as ear'lhen jjitcliers, a scullery, rogues 
 
 together by the ears, and swine tumbling in the 
 
 mire; whereupon he was surnamed Uupo^raphus. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 1 shall be nam'd among the /bmoHse^-( 
 Of women, sung atsolenm (esilvah.Miltons Agon. 
 
 Many, besides myself, have heard our janwus 
 VValler'own, that he derived tlie harmony of his 
 numbers from the Godfrey of Dulloign, turned 
 into English by Fairfax. Drydcn. 
 
 2. It has sometimes a middle signification, 
 and imports fame whether for good or 
 ill. 
 
 RIenecrates and Menas, famous pyrates, 
 Make the sea serve thecn- Shakesp. Ant.andCUop. 
 
 Fa'mously. adv. [from famous.] With 
 great renown ; with great celebration. 
 
 Then this land was famouslii enriched 
 With politick grave counsel ; then the king 
 Had virtuous uncles to protect his grace. Sbuke^. 
 
 They looked on the particulars as things fam- 
 ntsly spoken of and believed, and worthy to be 
 recorded and read. Grew's Cos. 
 
 Famousness, n. s. [from famous.] Ce- 
 lebrity ; great fame. 
 
 F.^N. n. s. [ranniis, Lat.] 
 
 1. An instrument used by ladies to move 
 tlie air and cool themselves. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 FAN 
 
 With scarfs, and fam, and double change of 
 bruv'rv, 
 With amber tracelets, beads, with all Ihisknav'ry. 
 
 ahaketp. 
 
 Flavin, the least and slightest toy 
 Can witli resistless art employ ; 
 In other hands the fan would prove 
 An engine of small force in love ; 
 But she, with such an air and mien, 
 Not to be told or safely seen, 
 Directs its wanton motions so, 
 That it wounds more than Cupid's bow ; 
 Gives coolness to the matchless dainc. 
 To every other breast a flame. AUcrbury. 
 
 The moik-il fan was lifted up no more. 
 And viryinii smil'd at what they blush'd before. 
 
 /V/je. 
 
 2. Any thing spread out like a woman's 
 
 fan into a triangle with a broad base. 
 
 As a peacock and crane were in compiuiy, the 
 peacock spread his tail, and challenged the otiicr 
 lo shew him such ^ fait i>f feathers. L' Kstranf^c. 
 
 3. The instrument by which the chaff is 
 blown away when corn is winnowed. 
 [Van, Fr.] 
 
 Flaile, strawfork, and rake, with a^iinthatis 
 strong. Tusscr. 
 
 Asses shall eat clean provender, winnowed with 
 the shovel and with the^are. Is. xxx. 21. 
 
 In the w'lud and tempest of forti^ne's frown. 
 Distinction, with a broad and powerful ^a?!, 
 PulTing at all, winnows the lij^nt away. Sliakesjy. 
 
 For the cleansing of curii is commonly used ei- 
 ther a wicker Jan, or a Jun with sails. 
 
 Mortimer s Hiisb. 
 
 4. Any thing by which the air is moved ; 
 
 wings. 
 
 The pris'ner with a spring from prison broke ; 
 Then stretch'd his feather d fans with all his 
 
 nii^ht. 
 And to the neighb'ring maple wing'd his flight. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 5. An instrument to raise the fire. 
 
 Nature worketh in us all a love to our own 
 counsels: the contradiction of others is a. fun to 
 inflame tliat love. Hooker. 
 
 To Fan. v. a. 
 
 1 . To cool or recreate with a fan. 
 
 She was fanned into slumbers by her slaves. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 2. To ventilate ; to affect by air put in mo- 
 tion. 
 
 Let every feeble humour shake your hearts ; 
 Your eneniies, with iiodding i>f Ineir plumes. 
 Fan you into despair. Shukesi). CortoUtuus. 
 
 The Norweyan banners flout the sky, 
 And fan our people cold. Sliuhesp. Machith. 
 
 The air 
 Floats as they pass, fanned with unnumber'd 
 
 plumes : 
 From branch to branch the smaller birds with song 
 Solac'd the woods, and spread their painted wings, 
 'Till even. Miltoii's Par. Lu>r. 
 
 The fanning wind upon her bosom blows ; 
 To meet the yu;m(»g wind the bosom rose : 
 The fanning wind and purling streams continue her 
 repose. Drydcn s Cvnum and Iphigcnia. 
 
 Calm as the breath w h'lcUfans our eastern groves. 
 And bright, a?> when thy eyes first lighted up 
 our luves. Drijdcn. 
 
 And now his shorter breath, with sultry air. 
 Pants on her neck, and fans her parting fiair. 
 
 Pvpc. 
 
 3. To separate, as by winnowing. 
 
 1 have collected some few, liierein fanning the 
 old, not omitting any. Bacon^s Apothegms. 
 
 Not so the wicked ; but as chatl", which.yiiHM'rf, 
 The wind drives, so the wicked shall not st.-\nd 
 In judgment. ■ Miltcn. 
 
 Fana'ticism. 71. s. [^rom fanatick.] En- 
 thusiasm ; relii^ious frenzy. 
 
 A church whose doctrines are derived from the 
 clear fountains of the Scriptures, whose polity and 
 discipline ate formed upon the most uocorrupted 
 
 FAN 
 
 models of antiquity, which lias stood unshaken 
 by the most furious assaults of Popery on the 
 one hand, utid Janaticitm on the other; lias tri- 
 umphed over all the arguments of its enemies, and 
 lias nothing now lo contend with but their slan- 
 ders and cahininies. Rogm. 
 
 FAN.VTICK. adj. [fanaticus, Lat./ana- 
 tique, Fr.] Enlhusiastick ; struck with 
 a superstitious frenzy. 
 
 Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train, 
 With nionst'rous shapes and sorceries abus'd 
 I'anatick Egypt, and her priests, lo seek 
 Their wanu ring gods disguised in brutish forms. 
 
 MUUm. 
 Fana'tick. n.s. [from the adjective.] .An 
 enthusiast; a man mad with wild no- 
 tions of religion. 
 
 The double armature of St. Peter is » more de- 
 structive engine, than the tumultuary weajioa 
 snatchi up by a fanaiick. lUray^' Piety. 
 
 Fa'ncii'LL. adj. [fancy an(\ full.] 
 
 1. Imaginative; ratlic-r guideil by imagi- 
 nation than reason : of persons. 
 
 Some Jaiicful nien have expected nothing but 
 confusion and ruin from those very means, w Here- 
 by both that and this is most clVectuallN prevented. 
 Woodtcard's Nat. liistar.]. 
 
 2. Dictated by the imagination, not tlie 
 reason ; full of wild images : of things. 
 
 What treasures did he bury in his sumpluoLs 
 buildings? and how foolish and_/bnrt/ii/ were lliej ? 
 
 llayvard. 
 
 It would show as much singularity to deov this, 
 as it does -a fanciful facility to atTtrm it. Garth. 
 
 Fa'ncifully. adf. [from fanciful.] Ac- 
 cording to the wildness of imagination. 
 
 Fa'ncifulness. n. s. [from fancijul.] 
 Addiction to the pleasures of imagina- 
 tion ; habit of following fancy rather 
 than reason. 
 
 Albertus Magnus, with somewhat too much cu- 
 riosity, was somewhat transported with loo much 
 fanc^'ulmss towards the influences of the heavenly 
 motions, and astrological calculations. Hati^ 
 
 FA'NCY. n. s. [contracted from phanfasi/, 
 phantasia, Lat. ^anacria.] It should 
 be phansi/. 
 
 1. Imagination ; the power by which the 
 mind forms to itself images and repre- 
 sentations of things, persons, or scenes 
 of being. 
 
 Shakcspcire, fancy's sweetest child ! 
 
 Warble liis native wood notes wild. Mikon. 
 In the soul 
 Are many lesser faculties, that serve 
 Reason as chief : among lliesc fancy next 
 Her olhce holds : of all citcnial things. 
 Which the five watchful senses represent, 
 She forms imaginations, air^ shapes. 
 Which reason ioining, or disjoining, frames 
 .\ll what we aiiirm, or what deny, and call 
 Our knowledge, or opinion. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Though no evidence alTects xhe fancy so strong- 
 ly as that of sense, jet there is other evidence 
 which gives as full saUsfactioii, and as clear a con- 
 viction to our reason. Atterbury. 
 
 Love is hy fancy led about. 
 From hope to fear, from joy to doubt : 
 
 Whom we now a goddess call. 
 Divinely smc'd in every feature. 
 Strait's a dcform'd, a pcrjur'd creature ; 
 
 Ltive and lule are Jancy all. Crant-UU, 
 
 2. .'\n opinion bred rather by tlie imagina- 
 tion than the reason. 
 
 Men's private fancies must give place lo the 
 higher judgment of that church which is iti au- 
 ihority over them. Hooker. 
 
 A person of h full and ample fortune, who was 
 not disturbed by any fancies in religion. 
 
 Ctarend>m. 
 
 4T 
 
 689
 
 FAN 
 
 I have always had a fanci), that leamiug might 
 be made a play and recreation to children. Locke* 
 5. Taste ; idea ; conception of things. 
 
 The little chapel called the Salutation is very 
 neat, and built with a prettyybnct/. Addison. 
 
 4. Image ; conception ; thought. 
 
 How now, my lord, why do you keep alone ; 
 Of sorriest _/anci€s your companions making, 
 Using tliosc thoughts which should indeed have 
 
 died 
 With them they think on ? Shakesp, Macbeth. 
 
 5. Inclination; hking ; fondness. 
 
 lUsfancy la^ extremely to tr^v eW'mg.VKstrange. 
 
 For 3'ou, fair Hermia, look you arm yourself. 
 To lit your /nuc;es to your father's will ; 
 Or else the law of Athens yields you up 
 To death, or to a vow of snigle life. Shakesp. 
 
 A resemblance in humour or opinion, a.fancu 
 for the same business or diversion, is a ground of 
 affection. Collier. 
 
 6. In Shakespeare it signifies love. 
 
 Tell me where is fana^ bred, 
 Or in the heart, or ni the head ? 
 How begot, how nourished ? 
 It is engeuder'd in the eyes, 
 With gazing fed, and fancy dies 
 In the cradle where it lies. Shakesp. Merch. of Yen. 
 
 7. Caprice ; humour ; whim. 
 
 True wortli shall gain me, that it may be saM 
 Desert, noifancy, once a woman led. Dryden- 
 
 The sultan t>{ Egypt kept a good correspond- 
 ence wiiii the Jacoliites towards the liead of the 
 Nile, for fear they should take a fancu to turn the 
 course of that river. ' Arbuthnot. 
 
 One that was just entering upon a long journey, 
 took up a fajicy of putting a tnck upon IVIercury. 
 
 Ij' Estrange. 
 
 8. False notion. 
 
 The aherincr of the scent, colour, or taste of 
 fruit, by infusing, mixing, or cutting into the 
 bark or root of the tree, herb, or flower, any co- 
 loured, aromatical, or medicinal substance, are but 
 fancies: the cause is, for that those things have 
 passed their period, and nourish not. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 9. Something that pleases or entertains 
 without real use or value. 
 
 London-pride is a pretty ylirwi/ for borders. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 To Fa'ncy. V, n. [from the noun.] To 
 imagine ', to believe without being able 
 to prove. 
 
 All are not always bound to hate and punish 
 the true enemies of religion, much less any whom 
 they may fancif to be so : all are always obliged 
 to love its true 'friends, and to pray for its ver}' 
 enemies. Strutts Sermoju. 
 
 If our search has reached no farther than simile 
 and metaphor, we rather fancy than know, and 
 are not yet penetrated into the inside and reality 
 of the thing ; but content ourselves with what 
 our imaginations furnish us with, Locke. 
 
 To Fa'ncy. v. a. 
 
 1, To pourtray in the mind ; to image to 
 himself; to imagine. 
 
 But he whose noble genius is allow'd, 
 Who with stretch'd pinions soars above the crowd ; 
 Who mighty thought can clothe with manly dress. 
 He whom X fancy, but can ne'er express. Dryden. 
 
 2. To like ; to be pleased with. 
 
 Ninus both admiring her judgment and valour, 
 together with her person and external beauty, 
 fancied her so strongly, as, neglecting all princely 
 respects, he took her from her husband. Hukigh. 
 
 It is a little hard that the queen cannot demo- 
 lish this town in whatever manner she pleaseth to 
 fancy. Swift. 
 
 Fa'ncymonger. 71. s. [from /ancj/.] One 
 who deals in tricks of imagination. 
 
 There is a man haunts the forest, that abuses 
 our young plants with carving Rosalind on their 
 barks ; hangs odes upon hawthorns, and elegies 
 on brambles ; all, forsooth, deifying the nanie of 
 Rosalind. If I could meet xhat tancymonger, I 
 ■would give him some good counsel ; for he seems 
 to have the quotidian of love upon him. Shakesp. 
 
 FAN 
 
 Fa'ncysick. adj. [fanct/ and sick.] One 
 whose imagination is unsound ; one 
 whose distemper is in his own mind. 
 
 'Tis not necessity, but opinion, that makes 
 men miserable ; and when we come to befancysick, 
 there's no cure. L'Estrange. 
 
 Fand for found. It is retained in Scot- 
 land. 
 
 This when as true by tryal he out fand, 
 He bade to open wide his brazen gate. Spenser. 
 
 Fane. n. s. [Janet Fr, fanum, Lat.] A 
 temple ; a place consecrated to religion. 
 A poetical word. 
 
 is OT fane nor capitol, 
 The prayers of priests, nor times of sacrifice, 
 Erabarments all of fury, shall lift up 
 Their rotten privilege ! Shakesp. Ccriolanus. 
 
 Old Calibe, who kept the sacred faue 
 Of Juno, now she seem'd. DnjJen's ^neid. 
 
 Yet some to fanes repairM, and humble rites 
 Perform'd to Thor and Woden, fahicd gods. 
 Who with their vot'ries in one ruin shar d. Philips. 
 
 A sacred _/ane in Egypt's fruitful lands. 
 Hewn from the Thebaii mountain's rock\' womb. 
 
 Tickcll. 
 
 The fields are ravish'd from the industrious 
 swains, 
 From men their cities, and from gods their fanes. 
 
 FA'NFARON. n.s. [French, from the 
 Spanish. Originally in Arabick it sig- 
 nifies one who promises what he cannot 
 perform. I^Ienage.] 
 
 1. A bully ; a hector. 
 
 Virgil makes ^neas a bold avower of his own 
 virtues, which, in the civility of our poets, is the 
 character of a fanfaron or hector. Dryden. 
 
 2. A blusterer ; a boaster of more than he 
 can perform. 
 
 There aK Jaiifarons In the trials of wit too, as 
 well as in feats of arms ; and none so forward to 
 engage in argument or discourse as those that are 
 least able to go through with it. VEstrangc. 
 
 Fanfarona'de. w. s. [fVom fanfarori, 
 Fr.] A bluster ; a tumour of fictitious 
 dignity. 
 
 The bishop copied this proceeding from the 
 
 fanfaronade of Monsieur Buuffleurs. Swft. 
 
 To FANG. V. a. [panjan. Sax. vanirenf 
 
 Dut.] To seize ; to gripe ; to clutch. 
 
 To vang is yet used in Devonshire. 
 
 Destruction fang mankind ! Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Fang. h. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The long tusks of a boar or other animal 
 by which the prey is seized and held ; 
 any thing like 'em. 
 
 Here feel we but tlie penalty of Adam, 
 The season's ditterence ; as the icyfang. 
 And churlish chiding of the Winter's wind ; 
 Which, when it bites and blows upon my body, 
 Ev'n 'till 1 shrink with cold, 1 smile and say 
 This is no flattery. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Some creatures have overlong or outgrowing 
 teeth, which we call fangs or tusks ; as boars, 
 pikes, salmons, and dugs, though less. 
 
 Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 Prepar'd to fly, 
 The fatal fang drove deep within his thlgh^ 
 And cut the nerves : the nerves no more sustain 
 The bulk ; the bulk unprop'd, falls headlong on 
 the plain. Dryden. 
 
 Then charge, provoke the lion to the rage 
 Of fangs and claws, and, stooping from your 
 
 horse, 
 Kivet the panting savage to the ground. Addison. 
 
 2. The nails ; the talons. 
 
 3. Any shoot or other thing by whidi hold 
 is taken. 
 
 The protuberant /aH^s of the yuca are to be 
 treated like tlie tuberoses. Evelyns Kalendar. 
 
 Fa'nged. adj. [from fang.] Furnished 
 
 FAN 
 
 with fangs or long teeth ; furnished with 
 any instruments of destruction, which 
 can be exercised in imitation of fangs. 
 
 My two schoolfellows. 
 Whom I will trust as I will adders fang'd. 
 They bear the mandate. Shakesp. Hamkt. 
 
 Not Scythians, nor fierce Dacians, onward rush 
 With half the speed, nor half so swift retreat ; 
 In chariots, ^iing'rf with scythes, they scout the 
 
 field. 
 Drive through our wedg'd battalions with n whirl. 
 And strew a dreadful harvest on the plain. Philips. 
 
 FA'NGLE. n. s. [from penjan, Sax, to 
 attempt. Skinner.^ Silly attempt ; tri- 
 fling scheme. It is never used, or rare- 
 ly, but in contempt with tlte epithetnfjr; 
 as, neiv /angles, ncic Jangleness. 
 
 Fa'ngled. adj. [irom Jangle.'] This word 
 seems to signify gawdy ; ridiculously 
 shewy ; vainly tlecorated : new Jangled, 
 is therefore new-fashioned ; dressed out 
 in new decorations. 
 
 Quick wits be in desire r\e\s fanglcd, and in 
 purpose unc'-tnstant. Asctiam. 
 
 A book ! oh, rare one ! 
 Be not, as in this *t7«^/fd world, a garment 
 Nobler than that it covtrs. Sftakcsp. Cymbetine. 
 
 Fa'ngless. adj. [from fang.] Toothless; 
 without teeth. 
 
 'i'he kine hath wasted all his rods 
 On late offenders, that he now doth lack 
 Tlie very ii.struraents of chastisement ; 
 So that "his power, like to afangtess lion, 
 May offer, but not hold. Shake.fp. Henry IV. 
 
 Fa'ngot. n. s. A quantity of wares ; as 
 raw silk, &c. containing from one to two 
 hundred weight three quarters. Diet. 
 
 Fa'nnel. n.s. [/anon, Fr.] A sort of 
 ornament like a scarf, worn about the 
 left arm of a mass-priest when he offi- 
 ciates. Diet. 
 
 Fa'n n er. w. s. [from Jan.] One that play s 
 a fan. 
 
 1 will send unto Babylon fanners that shall fan 
 her. Jeremiah. 
 
 Fa'ntasied. adj. [from Janlasy.] Filled 
 with fancies or imaginations. 
 
 As I travell'd hither through the land, 
 I found the people strangely Ja«tasr>rf. Shak. 
 
 Fa'ntasm. 11. s. [See Phantasm.] A 
 thing not real, but appearing to the ima- 
 gination. 
 
 Fanta'stical. 7 «((/. [fantastique, Fr. 
 
 Fanta'stick. i trom fantasy.] 
 
 1 . Irrational ; bred only in the imagination . 
 
 The delight that a man takes from another's sin, 
 can be notliing else hut a fantastical, preternatu- 
 ral complacency, arising from that which he really 
 has no feeling of. Sotitn. 
 
 2. Subsisting only in the fancy ; imaginary. 
 
 Present feats 
 Are less than horrible imaginings ; 
 My thought, whose murther yet is haffantastieal, 
 Sli'akes so my single state of man, that function 
 Is smother'din surmise ; and nothing is, 
 But what is not. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 Men are so possessed with their own fancies, 
 that they take them for oracles ; and are arrived 
 to some "extraordinary revelations of truth, when 
 indeed thev do but dream dreams, and amuse 
 themselves' with the /antastict ideas of a busy 
 imagination. Decay of Piety. 
 
 3. Ui^real ; apparent only ; having the na- 
 ture of phantoms which only assume vi- 
 sible forms occasionally. 
 
 Are ye fantastical, or that indeed 
 Which outwardly ye shew ? Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 4. Uncertain ; unsteady ; irregular. 
 
 690
 
 F A P 
 
 Nor hftp|>iness can I, iior misery feel, 
 From aiij turn of \ut fantastick wheel. Prurr. 
 
 5. Whimsical ; fanciful ; capricious ; hu- 
 mourous ; indulgent of one's own ima- 
 gination. 
 They put such words tn the mouthi of one of 
 
 tilde Jantafticai raind-infected people, that chil- 
 dren and musicians call lovers. Sidney. 
 
 I'll knit it up in silken strings, 
 With twenty odd conceited true love knots : 
 To be fantastlck, may l>eccnie a youth 
 Of greater time than"I. Shakesp. Two Cent. ofVer. 
 
 Duumvir is provided with an imperious, expen- 
 sive, AwA j'antaslick mistress ; to whom he retires 
 from the conversation of a discreet and affection- 
 ate wife. TalUr. 
 
 We are apt to think your medallists a little^an 
 tastical in the ditferenl prices they set upon their 
 coins, without any regard to the luclal of which 
 they are composed. Addiicn. 
 
 f ANTASTICALLY. adv. [i^Tom fantastical.] 
 
 1. By the power of imagination. 
 
 2. Capriciously ; humorously ; unsteadily. 
 
 Kcgl.ind is so idly king'd. 
 Her sceptre f.o fantastically borne. 
 By a vain, giddy, shallow, humourous voulh, 
 That fear attends her not. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with ima- 
 gination. 
 
 One cannot so much ^i fantastically chuse, even 
 or odd, he thinks not why. Greir's Cosmol. 
 
 Fanta'sticalness. \ n.s. [from fantas- 
 Fanta'stickness. § iical.] 
 
 1. Humourousness ; mere compliance with 
 fancy. 
 
 2. Whimsicalness ; unreasonableness. 
 
 I dare not assume to myself to have put him 
 out of conceit with it, by having convinced him 
 of tlie Jantasticahtess of it. Titlotstm, Pref. 
 
 S. Caprice; unsteadiness. 
 
 FA'NTASY. n. s. [fantaisie, Fr. phanta- 
 
 tia, Lat. ^arrat7ia.] 
 
 1. Fancy ; imagination ; the power of ima- 
 gining. See FANCY. 
 
 How now, Horatio ? you tremble and look pale! 
 Is not this something more xh^u fantasy? Shakesp. 
 
 I talk of dreams. 
 Which are the children of an idle brain. 
 Begot of nothing but v.iin^anlojt/ ; 
 Wnich is as thin of substance as the air. 
 And more unconstant than the wind. Shakesp, 
 
 He is superstitious grown of late. 
 
 Suite from the main opinion he held once 
 (fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies. Shakesp. 
 Go 3 ou, and w here you find a maid. 
 That ere she sleep hath thrice her prayers said. 
 Rein up the organs of her fantasy. 
 Sleep slie as sound as careless infancy. Shakesp. 
 These spirits of sense, in fantasy's hich court, 
 Judge of the forms of objects, ill or well ; 
 
 And so they send a good or ill report 
 Down to the heart, where all affections dwell. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 By the power of fantasy we see colours in a 
 
 dream, or a mad man sees things before him 
 
 which are not there. Keicton. 
 
 2. Idea ; image of the mind. 
 
 And with the sug'ry sweet thereof allute. 
 Chaste ladies ears to/un(ajies impure. Hublnrd. 
 
 3. Humour; inclination. 
 
 1 would wish that both yoa and others would 
 ee.nse from drawing the Scriptures to your fanta- 
 sies and affections. iVhitgift. 
 
 Fa'ntom. ?i. s. [See Phantom.] Some- 
 thing not real, but appearing to the 
 imagination. 
 
 Fap. adj. Fuddled: drunk. It seems to 
 have been a cant word in the time of 
 S/taktspcarc. 
 The gcntieman had drunk himeelf out of his 
 
 FAR 
 
 and being fap, sir. 
 
 five senict ; and being /op, sir, was, as they say, 
 cashiered. Shakesp. 
 
 F.VR. adv. [yeojy, .Sax. fatt, Erse.] 
 
 1 . To great extent in length. 
 
 Pay sacred rev'rence to Apollo's song. 
 Lest wrathful lhc/ar-»hooting god emit 
 His futal arrows. Prim: 
 
 2. To a great extent every way. This is 
 less proper. 
 
 Vast and ercat 
 Is what I love ; the /ar-extciided ocean 
 To a little riv'let 1 prefer. Prior. 
 
 With costly catcs Romestaiii'd her frugal board; 
 Then with ill-gotten gold she bought a lord ; 
 Corruption, discord, luxury conibin'd, 
 Down sunk the /<n--fain'd mistress of mankind. 
 
 Arlmthnot. 
 From the same lineage stem .r.aftes came, 
 The /ar-fam'd brother of ih' enchantress dame. 
 •^ Pope. 
 
 S. To a great distance progressively. 
 
 Be factious for redress of all these griefs. 
 And I will set this foot of mine ns far 
 As who goes farthest. Shakesp. Julius Ctuar. 
 
 Is it far you ride .' 
 —As far, my lord, as will 611 up the time 
 'Twixt this and supper. Shtjkesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Far from that hated face the Trojans fly ; 
 All but the fool who sought his destiny. Dryden. 
 
 i. Remotely ; at a great distance. 
 
 He meant to travel mio far countries, until his 
 friends affection either ceased or prevailed. Stdnew. 
 
 In a kingdom rightly ordered, after a law is 
 once published, it presently takes effect far and 
 wide ; all states framing themselves thereunto. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 And after that long strayed here and there. 
 Through every field and forest/or and near. 
 
 Hnbb. 
 
 Far be it from me to justify the cruelties used 
 
 towards them, which had their reward soon after. 
 
 Bacons Holy War. 
 
 He sent lipht horsemen into Mesopotamia with 
 a guide, because the country was unto him best 
 known ; following not far after himself with all 
 his army. KnolUs. 
 
 And yet the lifjhts which in my tower do shine. 
 Mine eyes, which view all objects nigh and/ar. 
 Look not into this little world of mine. Davies. 
 
 God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares, 
 And not molest us ; unless we ourselves 
 Seek them with wand'ring thoughts, and notions 
 vain. Milton. 
 
 I have been hunting up and down, far and near, 
 since 3'our unhappy indisposition, to find out a re- 
 medy. L'Estrange. 
 
 The nations far and near contend in choice. 
 And send the iiow'r of war by publick voice. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 The painted lizard and the birds of prey. 
 Foes of the frugal kind, be far away. Dryden s Virg. 
 
 But from the reading of'^my book arid me. 
 Be far, ye foes of virtuous poetry ! 
 Who fortune's fault upon the poor can throw, 
 Point at the tatter'd coat and ragged shoe. Dryd. 
 
 Far off you view them with a longing eve 
 Upon the topmost branch. pryden. 
 
 These words are so far from establishing any 
 dominion, that ne find quite the conirary. Locke. 
 
 Till on the Po his blasted corps was hurl'd. 
 Par from his country in the western world. Addis. 
 
 5. To a distance. 
 
 As far as the East is from the West, so /ar 
 bath he removed our transgressions from him. 
 
 Psalm ciil 1-. 
 
 Neither did those that were sent, and travelled 
 far off, undertake so difficult enterprizes without 
 a conductor. Raleigh. 
 
 But all ill vain ! which when he saw, he ceas d 
 Contending, and remov'd his tents far off..Mi/(cm. 
 
 I had alwavs a curiosity to look'back into the 
 sources of things, and view in my mind, so far 
 as I was able, riic beginning and progress of a 
 rising world. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 A lion'a hide around his loins he wore, 
 The well-poiz'd javelin to tlie field he bore, 
 
 FAR 
 
 Inur'd to blood ; the far destroying dart. 
 And the best weapon, aii undaunted heart. 
 
 Addism. 
 
 6. In a great part. 
 
 When they were by Jebiu the day was far 
 spent. Judges. 
 
 7. In a great proportion ; by many degrees. 
 It is commonly used with some word 
 noting the comparative, but Urydtn ha» 
 used it absolutely. 
 
 Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price 
 is^br above rubies. Prnv. xxii. 10. 
 
 Such a communication passeth/ar better through 
 the water than air. "Bacons Sat. Hist. 
 
 Those countries have far greater rivers, and 
 far higher mountains to pour down waters, than 
 any part of the old world. Bacon. 
 
 The face of war, 
 In ancient times, doth differ far 
 From what our fiery battles are. Walter. 
 
 Of negatives we have far Uie least certainty, 
 and they arc usually hartlest, and many times im- 
 possible to be proved. TiUalstm. 
 
 Latin is a more succinct language than the Ita- 
 lian, Spanish, French, or even than the English, 
 which, by reason of its monosyllables, is Jar the 
 most com|>endious of them. Drydqi. 
 
 The field is spacious I design to sow. 
 With oxen far unfit to draw the plough. Dryden, 
 
 Besides He's lovely ^in- above the rest. 
 With you immortal, and with beauty blest. Pope. 
 
 Ah ! hope not yet to breathe thy native air ; 
 Far othej journey first demands tliiy care. Pope. 
 
 8. To a great height ; magnificently. This 
 is perhaps only in Shaktspeare. 
 
 I do not think 
 So fair an ouiward, and such stuff within. 
 Endows a man but him. 
 
 Vou speak him /or. 
 1 don't extend him, Si'u.Shake^. CvmheUne, 
 
 9. To a certain point ; to a certain degree. 
 
 The substance of the service of God, so far 
 forth as it hath in it any thing more than the faw 
 of reason doth teach," may not be invented of 
 men, as it is amongst the heathen ; but must be 
 received from God himself. Hooker, 
 
 Answer them 
 How /ar forth you do like llieir articles. Shalitsp. 
 
 Not to resolve, is to resolve ; and many limes 
 it breeds as many necessities, and engageth tsfar 
 in some other sort, as to resolve. Bacon. 
 
 Of this I need not many words to declare how 
 far it is from being so much as any part of repent- 
 ance, liamnond . 
 
 My discourse is so far from being equivalent to 
 the position he mentions, that it is a perfect con- 
 tradiction to it. . TtUotsai. 
 
 The custom of these tongues sometimes so .f«r 
 influences the expressions, that in these epistles 
 one may obser^e the force of the Hebrew conju- 
 gations. Locke m St. Paul's Efistles. 
 
 10. Fur off: at a great distance. 
 
 For though I fled him angry, yet recall'd 
 To life proloiii'd, and promis'd race, 1 now 
 Gladly behold, though but his utmost skirts 
 Of glory, and far of b'ls steps adore. Miltcn. 
 
 1 1. Far off. To a great distance. 
 Cherubic watch, and of a sword the flame 
 
 Wide-waving, all approach ^ir off to fright , 
 .\nd guard all passage to tlic tree of life. Muten. 
 
 H. O^ is joined •with /ar, when far not- 
 ing distance, is not followed by a pre- 
 position : .ts, / set the boat far off, / set 
 the boat far from me. 
 
 13. for is used often in composition : as, 
 faishooting, Jarseeing. 
 
 FAR-FETrH. n,s. [far and fetch.] .\ 
 deep stratagem. A ludicrous word. 
 
 But .Tesuits have deeper reaches. 
 In all their puliiick farfelches ; 
 And Iwm their Copiick priest, Kirchenis, 
 Found out this uij stick way to jeer us. Huddrm. 
 
 4X2 69'
 
 F A I{ 
 
 Far-fetched, adj. [far ancl/e/(/(.] 
 1 . Broun;ht from places remote. 
 
 Of these things others qurcklv "ill dis,>ose, 
 Wliose pains Imveearn'd Ihefarfitch'd spoil. Ml7( 
 
 By his command we boldly cross'd the line, 
 And' bravely fuuirht where southern stars arise 
 
 And that which brib'd our fathers made our prize. 
 
 We trac'd the 'faifetch'd gold into the mine, 
 brib'd our fathers made our pr 
 
 Drydjii. 
 
 1. Stmlioiisly sought : elaborately strained ; 
 not easilv or naturally introduced. 
 
 York, with all his /ar/'e(c/i'rf policy. Shakesp. 
 
 VuT far Jclched rhymes make puzzled angels 
 strain, 
 And in low prose dull Lucifer complain. Smith. 
 
 Under this head we may rank those words which 
 signify difl'erent ideas, by a sort of an unaccount- 
 able farfetched analogy, or distant resemblance, 
 that "fancy lias introdu'ced between one thing and 
 another ;'^as when we say, the meat is green when 
 it is Iialf roasted. ]\'alts. 
 
 FAR-PrERClNG. adj. [far and pierce.] 
 Striking, or penetrating a great way. 
 
 Atlas, her sire, to whose faqnercing eye 
 The wonders of the deep expanded lie ; 
 Tir eternal columns wliicli ou earth he rears, 
 Knd in the starry vault and prop the spheres. Pd/Jf. 
 
 Far-shooting, adj. [far and shvot.] 
 Shooting to a great distance. 
 
 Then loud be call'd yEneas thrice by name ; 
 The loud repeated voice to glad .Eneas came ; 
 Great Jove, he said, and the farshooting i;o(i. 
 Inspire thy mind to make thy challenge good. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Far. adj. 
 
 I. Distant ; remote 
 
 A man taking a /iir journey. 
 
 Mark. 
 
 But we must'beg our bread in climes unknown 
 Beneath the scorching i r the freezing zoiic ; 
 And some lo far Oaxis shall be sold, 
 To try the Lybian heat, or Scythian cold. Dryd. 
 
 2. It was formerly used not only as an ad- 
 verb but an adjective, with off. 
 
 These things seem small and undistinguisliable. 
 Like /arq^' nioui\tains turned into c\u\ids.Shakesp. 
 
 If we may behold in any creature any one spark 
 of that eternal fire, or any far oJJ'dawning of God's 
 glorious brightness, the 'same in the beauty, mo- 
 tion, and virtue of this liglit may be pei-ceivcd. 
 
 Rakigk. 
 
 3. From far. In this sense it is used el- 
 li))tically for afar, or remote place. 
 
 The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from 
 far, from the end of the earth. Dent, xxvii. '19. 
 
 4. Remoter of the two ; in horsemanship, 
 
 the right side of the horse, which the 
 
 rider turns from hini when he mounts. 
 
 No true Egyptian ever knew in horses 
 The far side from the near. Dryden's Cleoniencs. 
 
 5. It is often not easy to distinguish whe- 
 ther it be adjective or adverb : as, 
 
 The nations far and near center'd in choice. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Far. n. s. [contracted (romfarrmv.'] The 
 offspring of a sow ; j'oung pigs. 
 
 Sows, ready to farrow at this time of the year. 
 Are for to be made of and counted full dear ; 
 For now is the loss of the far of the sow 
 Jlore great than the loss of two calves of the cow. 
 
 Tiisser. 
 
 To FARCE. J), a. [farcio, La.t. farcir, Fr.] 
 l.To stuff; to fill with mingled ingredients. 
 
 Wrestling is a pastime wliich either the Cornish- 
 nien derived from Corineus, their first preteirded 
 founder, or at least it minislred some stuff to the 
 farcing of that fable. Carew. 
 
 'I'he first principles of Cliristian religion should 
 not he farced with school points and private te- 
 nets. Bp. Sanderson. 
 
 2. To extend ; to swell out. 
 
 'Tis not the balm, the sceptre and the ball, 
 The sword, the mace, the crown imperial. 
 
 F A R 
 
 The enteriissu'd robe of gold and pearl. 
 
 The /arced title running 'fore the king. Shakesp. 
 Farce, n. s. [from the verb ; or f'rom/«r- 
 cer, Fr. to mock.] A dramatick repre- 
 sentation written without regularity, and 
 stuffed with wild and ludicrous conceits. 
 
 There is yet a lower sort of poetry and paint- 
 ing, which is out of nature ; for a Jarce is that in 
 poetry which grotesque is in a picture ; the persons 
 and actions of a farce are all uunatural, and the 
 manners false ; lllat is, inconsistent with the cha- 
 racters of mankind : grotesque painting is the just 
 resemblance of this. Dryden's Dufresnoy. 
 
 What should be great, you turn to farce. Frior. 
 
 They object against it as a farce, because tlie 
 irregufarity of the plot should 'aTiswer to the ex- 
 travagance of the characters, which they .say this 
 piece wants, and therefore is no farce. Gay. 
 
 Fa'rcical. adj. [from/arcf.] Belonging 
 to a farce ; appropriated to a farce. 
 
 They deny the characters tobe/arfifu/, because 
 they are actually in nature. Gay. 
 
 Fa'ecy. n.s. [farcina, Itsil. farcin, ¥r.] 
 
 The leprosy of horses. It is probably 
 
 curable by antimony. 
 Fa'rdel. n. s. [furdello, Ital. fardeau, 
 
 Fr.] A bundle ; a little pack. 
 Let us to the king : there is that in this fardel 
 
 ■will make him scratch his beard. Shakes]) 
 
 Who would fardels bear, 
 
 'l"o groan and sweat under a weary life ? Shakesp 
 To FARE. V. n. [papan. Sax. varen, Dut.] 
 
 1. To go ; to pass ; to travel. 
 
 At last, resolving forward still to /«rf. 
 Until the blust'ring storm is overblown.^ Fairy Q. 
 
 His spiiits pure were subject to our sight. 
 Like to a man in shew and shape he fared. Fairf 
 
 So on he fares, and to the border conies 
 Of Eden. Milton's Par. Lost 
 
 Sadly they far'd along the sea-beat shore ; 
 Still heav'd 'th'eir hearts. I'l 
 
 2. To be in any state good or bad. 
 So bids thee well to fare thy nether friend. 
 
 Fairy tiaeen. 
 
 A. stubborn heart shall/are evil at the last. tVr/is. 
 
 Well Jare the hand, which to our humblesight 
 Presents that beauty. Waller. 
 
 So hi this throng bright Sacharissa/ar'rf, 
 Oppress'd by those who strove to be her puard : 
 As ships, though never so obsequious, fall 
 Foul in a tempest on their admiral. Waller. 
 
 So fares the slag among th' enrag'd hounds ; 
 Repels their force, and wounds returns for wounds. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 But as a barque, that, in foul weather, 
 Toss'd by two adverse winds together, 
 Is bruis'd and beaten to and fro. 
 And knows not which to turn him to ; 
 So far'd the kniijht between two foes, 
 An'o knew not wliich of them t' oppose. Hiidihras. 
 
 If vou do as 1 do, vnu may fare as Ifare. 
 ^ . J J J VEstrange. 
 
 Thus fares the queen, and thus her fury blows 
 Amidst 'the crowd. Dryden's ^f.n. 
 
 English ministers never/are so well as in a time 
 of war with a foreign power, which diverts the 
 private feuds and animosities of the nation. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Some are comforted that it will be a common 
 calamity, and they shall fare no worse than their 
 neighbours. ' Swift. 
 
 3. To proceed in any train of consequences 
 
 good or bad. 
 
 Thus it fareth when too much desire of contra- 
 diction causeth our speeches rather to pass by 
 number than to stay for weight. Hooker. 
 
 So fares it when with trutli falsehood contends. 
 ■^ Milton. 
 
 4. To happen to any one well or ill : with 
 it preceding in an impersonal form. 
 
 When tlie liand finds itself well warmed and 
 covered, let it refuse the trouble of feeding the 
 mouth, or guarding the head, 'till the body be 
 
 FAR 
 
 5. To feed ; to eat ; to be entertained with 
 food. 
 
 The rich man fared sumptuously every day 
 
 rope. 
 
 lay. 
 Luke. 
 Feast your ears with the musick awhile, if they 
 will fare so harshly as on the trumpet's sound. 
 
 Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Men think they have /ai'cd hardly, if, in times 
 
 of extremity, they have descended so low as to 
 
 eat dogs ; but Galen delivereth, that, young, fat, 
 
 and gelded, they were the food of many nations. 
 
 Brown's ialg. Kit. 
 
 Fare. n. s. [from the verb. 
 
 1 . Price of passage in a vehicle by land or 
 by water. Used only of that which is 
 paid for the person, not the goods. 
 
 He found a ship going to Tarshish ; so he paid 
 the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with 
 them unto Tarshish. Jonah. 
 
 He passage begs with unregarded pray'r. 
 And wants two farthings to discharge Ins fire. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Food prepared for the table ; provisions. 
 
 But come, so well refresh'd, now let us play. 
 As meet is, after such delicious/iiir. _ Milton. 
 
 But when the western winds with vital pow'r 
 Call forth the tender grass and budding flow'r. 
 Then, at the last, produce in open air 
 Both Hocks, and send tliem to llicir summer's/ure. 
 
 Drijden. 
 This is wliat nature's want may well suffice ; 
 He that would more is covetous, not wise : 
 But since among mankind so few there are. 
 Who will conform to philosopliick fare. 
 This much I will indulge thee for thy case, 
 .\nd mingle something of our times to please. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Upon his rising up he ordered the peasant to set 
 before him whatever food he had in his house : the 
 peasant brought out a great deal of coarse fare, 
 of which the emperor cat very heartily. Addison. 
 Farewe'll. adv. [This word is origin- 
 ally the imperative of the verb fareivtll, 
 or fare you well ; sis fdi.v, abi in bonnm 
 rem ; or bene sit tibi ; but in time use fa- 
 miliarised it to an adverb, and it is used 
 both by those who go and those v ho are 
 left.] 
 
 1. The parting compliment; adieu. 
 But fareu-cll, king ; sith thus thou wjlt appear. 
 
 Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Whether we shall meet again, I know not. 
 Therefore our everlasting Jarfu^e/i take ; 
 For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius. Shakesp. 
 
 Be not amazed, call all your senses to you ; de- 
 fend your reputation, or bid/urew/I toyour good 
 life fo'r ever. Shakesp. 
 
 An iron slumber shuts my swimming eyes ; 
 And now fareieell, involv'cl in shades of maht. 
 For ever I am ravish'd from thy sight. Dryden. 
 Farewell, says he ; the parting sound scarce fell 
 From his faint lips, but she replied/areufd. Dryd. 
 
 O queen, farewell '. be still possest 
 Of dear remembrance, blessing still and blest. Pi-pc. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used only as an expres- 
 sion of separation without kindness. 
 
 Farewell the ;> ear, wliich threatened so 
 The fairest liglit the world can show. 
 
 Treading the path to nobler ends, 
 A long farewell to love I gave ; _ 
 
 Ilescilv'd my country and my friends 
 All that remained of me should have. 
 
 3. Its original verbal meaning is preserved 
 when it is used plurally. 
 
 Farewell, master Silence : 1 will not use inany 
 
 words with you ; fare you well, gentlemen, botlr. 
 
 •^ • Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Farewe'll. n. s. 
 
 1. Leave ; act of departure. 
 
 the morning opes her golden gates. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 I ;r:ih't£r;r'^"---^^''"'^^^"""i^:in A^^li^^i^^rj^r^^c^^rCsw. 
 
 692
 
 FAR 
 
 If chauce tlie radiant sun with fareuell sweet 
 Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive. 
 The birds ttieir notes renew, and bleeting herds 
 Attest their joy, that liill and valley ring. Milton. 
 
 As in tins grove I took my last jareu-cU, 
 As on this very spot of earth I fell. Dryden. 
 
 Before 1 take my fareuett of this subject, I shall 
 advise tlie author for the future to speak his mean- 
 ing more plaiidy. Addison. 
 2. It is sometimes used as an adjective ; 
 leave-taking. 
 
 Several ingenious writers, who have taken their 
 leave of the publick in j'areveU papers, will not 
 give over so, hut intend to appear a^ain ; though 
 perlia[}s under another form, and with a ditferent 
 title. Spectator. 
 
 Farina'ceous. adj. {hom farina, Lat.] 
 Mealy ; tasting like meal or flower of 
 corn. 
 
 The properest food of the vegetable kingdom 
 fur mankind is taken from ihi: fitrinaceom or mealy 
 seeds of some cuhuiferous plants ; as oats, barley, 
 wheat, rice, rye, maize, panick, and millet. 
 
 Arbuthnnt on Aliments. 
 
 FARM. n. s. [ferine, Fr. peopm pro\'ision. 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. Grotind let to a tenant; ground culti- 
 
 ^•ated by another man upon condition of 
 
 paying part of the profit to the owner or 
 
 laiidlorcl. 
 
 Touching their particular complaint for reduc- 
 ing lands and farms to their ancient rents, it could 
 not be done without a parliament. Hanu-ard. 
 
 2. The state of lands let out to the culture 
 of tenants. 
 
 The lords of land in Ireland do not use to set 
 out their land in /arm, for term of years, to their 
 tenants ; but only from year to year, and some 
 during pleasure. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 It IS great wilfulness in landlords to make any 
 longer farms unto their tenants. .Spenser. 
 
 To Farm. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To let out to tenants at a certain rent. 
 
 W e are enforc'd to fa}'m our royal realm, 
 I'he revenue whereof shall furnish us 
 For our affairs in hand. Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 
 2. To lake at a certain rate. 
 
 They received of the bankers scant twenty shil- 
 lings for thirty, which the Earl of Cornwallj?armf(i 
 of the king. Camden's licmaitu. 
 
 3. To cultivate land. 
 
 Fa'rmer. M.S. [fermier, Fr. or from 
 farm.] 
 
 1. One who cultivates hired ground. 
 
 Thou hast seen a farmer's dog bark at a beggar, 
 and the creature run from the cur : there tiiou 
 might'st behold the great image of authority ; a 
 dog's obeyed in office. Shakesp. 
 
 2. One who cultivates ground, whether 
 his own or another's. 
 
 Nothing is of greater prejudice to the farmer 
 
 than the stocking of his land with cattle larger 
 
 than it will bear. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Fa'rmost. n. s. [superlative of far.] 
 
 Most distant ; remotest. 
 
 A spacious cave, within its farmost part. 
 Was hew'd and fashion'd by laborious art. 
 Through the hill's hollow sides. Dryden's -In. 
 
 Fa'rness. n.s. [horn far.] Distance; 
 remoteness. 
 
 Their nearness on all quarters to the enemy, and 
 their ^iirness from timely succiur bv their friends, 
 liave forced the commanders i^ call forth the ut- 
 termost number of able hands to fight. Carew. 
 
 Farr.Vginoi'S. adj. [from farrago, Lat.] 
 Formed of different materials. 
 Being a confusion of knaves and fools, and a 
 farraginous concurrence of all conditions, tempers, 
 sexes, and ages, it is but natural if their determi- 
 nations be monstrous, and inanv ways inconsistent 
 with truth. 'Brown's Vtilg. Err. 
 
 FAR 
 
 FARRAGO, n. s. [Lat.] A mass form 
 ed confusedly of several ingredients ; a 
 medley. 
 
 FARRIER, n. s. [ferrier, Fr. ferrarius, 
 Lat] 
 
 I. A shoer of horses. 
 
 But the utmost exactness in these particulars 
 belongs to farriers, saddlers, smiths, and other 
 tradesmen. -^'j?^y- 
 
 2. One who professes the medicine of horses. 
 
 If you arc a piece of a farrier, as every groom 
 
 ought to be, get sack, or strong-heer to rub your 
 
 horses. Su-ift. 
 
 To Fa'rrier. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 practise physick or chirurgery on horses. 
 
 There are many pretenders to the artof _^(jrri<.T- 
 
 ing and cowleecHing, yet many of them are very 
 
 ignorant. 3Itfrtimer. 
 
 Farrow, n.s. [peaph. Sax.] A litter of 
 pigs. 
 Pour in sow's blood that hath litter'd 
 
 Her nine farrow. Shakesp. Macbeth 
 
 To Fa'rrow. r. fl. To bring pigs. It is 
 used only of swine. 
 
 Sows ready to farrow this time of the year.Titssfr. 
 
 The swine, although raultiparous, yet being bi- 
 sulcous, and only cloven-hoofed, is farrowed with 
 open eyes, as otner bisulcous animals. Brown. 
 
 Ev'n her, who did her numerous offspring boast, 
 As fair aud fruitful as the sow that carry'd, 
 I'he thirty pigs at one large litter/urroic'd. Dryd. 
 FART. n. s. [pept. Sax.] Wind from be- 
 hind. 
 
 Love is the Jart 
 Of every heart ; 
 
 It pains'a man when 'tis kept close ; 
 And others doth ofi'end, when 'tis let loose. Sucfe/. 
 
 To F.\RT. i\ a. [from the noun.] To break 
 wind behind. 
 As when we a gun discbarge. 
 
 Although the bore be ne'er so large. 
 
 Before the flame from muzzle burst. 
 
 Just at the breech it flashes first ; 
 
 So from my lord his passion broke. 
 
 He ^ar(t'(i iirst, and then he spoke. Swiji. 
 
 Fa'rther. adv. [This word is now gene- 
 rally considered as the comparative de- 
 gree of far ; but by no analogy can far 
 make fart/it r or farthest : it is therefore 
 probable, that the ancient ortliography 
 was nearer the true, and that we ought 
 to vrriteftirt her and furthest, from forth, 
 farther, farthest, popSop, pupBep, Sax. 
 the o and u, by resemblance of sound, 
 being first confounded in speech, and 
 afterwards in books.] At a greater dis- 
 Umce ; to a greater distance ; more re- 
 motely ; beyond ; moreover. 
 
 To make a perfect judgcnent of good pictures, 
 when compared with oiie another, besides rules, 
 there is farther required a long conversation with 
 the best pieces. Dryden's Dufresnoy. 
 
 They contented themselves with the opinions, 
 fashions, and things of their country, without 
 looking any farther. lAvke, 
 
 Fa'rthkr. adj. [supposed from far, more 
 probably from /brf A, and to be written 
 flirt hir'.] 
 
 1. More remote. 
 
 Let me add a farther truth, that without ties of 
 gratitude, I have a particular inclination to ho- 
 nour you. Dryden. 
 
 2. Longer ; tending to greater distance. 
 
 Before our ^/'(irf/(er w.ay the fates allow, 
 Here must we fix on high the golden bough. Drt/d. 
 Fa'rtherance. n.s. [more properly /ur- 
 iherance from further.] EJicourtige- 
 ment ; promotion. 
 
 FAS 
 
 That was the foundation of the learning 1 liaTe, 
 and of alt the fartherance that 1 have ''btained. 
 
 Atcham's Schtjolmaster. 
 
 Fa'rthermore. adr. [more properly 
 furthermore.] Besides ; over and above ; 
 likewise. 
 
 Farthermore the leaves, txKiy, aiid boughs of 
 this tree, by so much exceed all other plauls, as 
 the greatest men of power and w'jridly ability 
 surpass the meanest. Ralei^'s Itistory. 
 
 To Fa'kther. v. a. [more proper Tojur- 
 ther.] To promote ; to facilitate ; to 
 advance. 
 
 He had farthered or hindered the taking of the 
 town. Vrvden. 
 
 Fa'rthest adv. [more -propeily furthest.] 
 See Farther. 
 
 \. At the greatest distance. 
 
 2. To the greatest distance. 
 
 Fa'rthest. adj. Most distant; remotest. 
 
 Vet it must be wiihal considered, that tie 
 greatest part of the world arc they which l>e far- 
 thest from perfection. Mocker. 
 Fa'RTHING. n. s. [peop^linj, Sax. fi-om 
 peopep four, that is, the fourth part of a 
 penny.] 
 
 1. The fourth of a penny ; the smallest 
 English coin. 
 
 A farthing is the least denomination or fraction 
 of money used in Englaiid. Cocker's Arithmetick. 
 
 Else all those things we toil so bard in. 
 Would not avail one iiu^\e farthing. Prior. 
 
 You are not obliged to take money not of gold 
 or silver j not the halfpence qt farthings of Eng- 
 land. Swijt. 
 
 2. Copper money. 
 
 The parish fijid, 'tis true ; but our churchwardent 
 Feed on the silver, and give us the farthings. Oav. 
 
 3. It is used sometimes in a sense hyperbo- 
 lical : as it is not worth a farthing ; or 
 proverbial. • 
 
 His son builds on, and never is content. 
 Till the hitfarthing is in structure jpenL Dryden. 
 
 4. A kind of division of land. Not in use. 
 
 Thirty acres make a farthing-lind ; nine far- 
 things a Cornish acre ; and four Cornish acres a 
 knight's fee. Carev. 
 
 Farthingale, n.s. [This word has much 
 exercised the etymologj' of Skinner,\rho 
 at last seems to determine that it is de- 
 rived from (V rlu garde : if he had consi- 
 dered what rirt signifies in Dutch, he 
 might have (bund out the true sense.] .\ 
 hoop; circles of whalebone used to spread 
 the petticoat to a wide circumference. 
 
 A\'ith silken coa*s, and caps, and g'^lden rings. 
 With rutfs, and cuti's, andyarr/iin^ul^-i, and things. 
 
 Shakap. 
 Tell me. 
 What compass will you wear y out fttrthistgaU f 
 
 ^akesp. 
 Arthur wore in hail 
 Round table, like a ^iirtAin^ aL Hudi'ras. 
 
 Some will have it that it portends the downfat 
 of tlie French king ; and observe, that the_/iir(\in- 
 gale appeared in England a little before the ruin of 
 the Spanish mon.irchy. .^d.iiscn. 
 
 She seems a medley of all apes. 
 With a huge farthifigale to swell her fustian stuff. 
 A new commode, a toj knot and a ruff. Svritt. 
 
 Fa'rthingsworth. n. s. [farthing and 
 tcorth.] .-Vsmuch as is sold for a farthing. 
 They arc thy customers ; I hardly ever sell them 
 a fartf'inesiivr'th of any thing. Arhuthnot. 
 
 FASCL-'i. n. s [Lat.] Rods anciently car- 
 ried before the consuls as a mark of their 
 authority. 
 
 The duke beheld, like Scipio, with disdain. 
 That Carthage, which he ruin'd, rise once more ; 
 
 69S
 
 FAS 
 
 And shook aloft tlie faKp of llie main. 
 To fright those slaves witli what tliey felt before. 
 
 Drjfden. 
 
 FASCIA, n. s. [Lat.] A fillet ; abandage. 
 
 Fa'sciatkd. adj. [from /air in.] Bound 
 with fillets ; tied with a bandage. Diet. 
 
 Fascia'tion. w. s. \from fascia. 1 Band- 
 age ; the act or manner of binding dis- 
 eased parts. 
 
 Three especial sorts of ybscintion, or rowling, 
 have the worthies of our profession comineucled 
 to posterity. Wiseman. 
 
 To FA'SCINATE. v. a. [fascino, Lat.] To 
 bewitch ; to enchant ; to influence in 
 some wicked and secret manner. 
 
 There be none of the affections which have 
 been noted to _/iisciriote or bewitch, but love and 
 envy. Bacon. 
 
 Such a fascinating sin this is, as allows fuen no 
 liberty of consideration. Decay of Piety- 
 
 Fascina'tion. n.s. [from fascinate.] Tlie 
 power or act of bewitching; enchant- 
 ment ; unseen inexplicable influence. 
 
 He had such a crafty and bewitching fashion, 
 both to move pity and induce belief, as was like 
 a kind o( fascination and enchantment to those 
 that saw hitn or heard hiiu. Bacon. 
 
 The Turks hang old rags, or such like ugly 
 things, upon their fairest horses, and other goodly 
 creatures, to secure them against fascination. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in 
 words, which makes them operate with a force 
 beyond what we can naturally give an account of. 
 
 South. 
 
 FASCINE, n. s. [Fr.] A faggot. MiUtary 
 cant. 
 
 The Black Prince passed man^' a river without 
 the help of pontoons, and filled a ditch with fag- 
 gots as successfully as the generals of our times du 
 with fascines. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 Fa'scinous. flrf/. [fascinu7n,h^t.] Caused 
 or acting by witchcraft, or enchantment. 
 Not in use. 
 
 I shall not discuss the possibility of fascinous 
 diseases, farther than refer to experiment. Haryey, 
 
 Fashion. «. s. [fa^on, Yt. fades, Lat] 
 
 J. Form ; make ; state of any thing with 
 
 regard to its outward appearance. 
 
 They pretend themselves grieved at our solem- 
 nities ni erecting churches, at their furra and Jiz- 
 ihian, al the stateliness of them and costliness, 
 and at the opinion which we Iiave of them. 
 
 Hooker. 
 The fashion of his countenance was altered. 
 
 Luke. 
 Stand tlicse poor people's friend. 
 — I will , 
 Or let me lose the fashion of a man. Shakesp. 
 
 •2. The make or cut of cloaths. 
 
 I'll be at charges for a looking glass, 
 And entertain a score or two of taylors, 
 To study fashions to adorn my body. Shakesp. 
 
 You, sir, 1 entertain for one of' my hundred ; 
 only, I do not like the^/osftionof your garments. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 S. Manner; sort; way. 
 
 For that 1 love your daughter 
 In such a righteous_/a5ftit>7t as I do, 
 Perforce against all checks, rebukes, and manners, 
 I must advance. Shakesp. Meiry Wives of' Windsor. 
 
 Phick Casca by the sleeve, 
 And he will, after his sour fashion, tell you 
 What hath proceeded. Shak. Jufius Casar. 
 
 The commissioners either pulled down or de- 
 faced all images in churches ; and that in such 
 unseasonable and unseasoned /us/ti\m, as if it had 
 bet-n done in hostility against'theiu. Hayward. 
 
 4. Custom operating upon dress, or any 
 domestick ornaments. 
 
 FAS 
 
 Here's the note 
 How much your chain weighs to the utmost carat. 
 The fineness of the gold, the chargefulja^/iion. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5. Custom ; general practice. 
 
 Zelmane again, with great admiration, begun 
 to speak of liim ; asking whether it were the y"a- 
 shioyi or no, in Arcadia, that shepherds should 
 perform such valorous enterprizes ? Sidney. 
 
 Though the truth of this hath been universally 
 acknowledged, yet because the fashion of the age 
 is to call every thing into question, it will be re- 
 quisite to satisfy' men's reason about it. Titlotson. 
 
 JNo wonder that pastorals are fallen into dises- 
 teem, together with that fashion of Vife upon which 
 they were grounded. Walsh. 
 
 It was not easily reconciled to the common 
 method ; but then it was the fashion to do such 
 things. Arbuthnot. 
 
 6. Manner imitated from another; way 
 estabUshed by precedent. 
 
 Sorrow so royally in you appears. 
 That 1 will deeply put the fashion on, 
 And wear it in my heart. Shakesp. 
 
 7- General approbation; mode. 
 
 A young gentleman accommodates himself to 
 the innocent diversions in fashion. Locke. 
 
 His panegyricks were bestowed only on such 
 persons as he had familiarly known, and only at 
 such times as others cease to praise, when out of 
 power, OT out oi fashion. Pope. 
 
 8. Rank; condition above the vulgar. It 
 is used in a sense below that of quality. 
 
 It is strange that men oi fashion, and gentle- 
 men, should so grosly belie their own knowledge 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 9. Any thing worn. 
 
 Now, by this maiden blossom in my hand, 
 1 scorn thee, and thy fashion, peevish boy. Shak. 
 
 10. The farcy, a distemper in Iiorses; the 
 horses leprosy, A barbarous word. 
 
 His horse is possesl with the glanders, infected 
 with the fashions, and lull of windgalls. Shakesp. 
 
 To Fa'shion. v. a. [fa^onjitr, Fr. from 
 
 the noun.] 
 
 \ , To form ; to mould ; to figure. 
 
 He loves me well, and t have given him reasons ; 
 Send him but hither, and I"ll fashion him. Shakesp, 
 
 Did not he that made me in the womb, make 
 him ? And did not one fashion us in the womb. 
 
 Job. 
 
 The graves of the rebellious generations were 
 already fashioned in (he clouds, which soon after 
 should swallow uj) all living creatures. Raleigh. 
 
 The rib he formM, and fashion d with his hands : 
 Under his forming hands a creature grew, 
 M?in like, but dilFerent sex. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Inabilitj' will every one find in himself, who 
 shall go about to fashion in his understanding any 
 simple idea, not received by his senses from exter- 
 nal objects, or by reflection from the operations 
 of his mind about them. Locke. 
 
 How could this noble fabrick be desi^n'd, 
 And fashion d, by a maker brute and blind .•' 
 Could it of art such miracles invent ? 
 And raise a beauteous world of such extent ? 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 A different toil another forge employs. 
 Here the loud hammer ^us/iitms female toys . 
 Each trinket that adorns the modern dame. 
 First to these little artists ow'd its frame. 
 
 Gain's Fan. 
 
 "2. To fit ; to adapt ; to accommodate. 
 
 Laws ought to lie fashioned unto the manners 
 and conditions of tlie people to whom ihey are 
 meant, and not to be imposed upon them accurd- 
 ing to tiie simple rule of right. Spenser. 
 
 Ne do, I doubt, but that ye well can fashion 
 Yourselves thereto, according to occa'>ion. 
 
 Huhba-d'sTale. 
 
 Nature, as it grows again tow'rds earth, 
 Is fashioned for the journey, dull and heavy. 
 
 Shahesr. 
 
 FAS 
 
 This cardinal. 
 Though from an humble stock undoubtedly. 
 Was Jashion'd to much honour from his cradle. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIU. 
 
 3. To counterfeit. Not used. 
 
 It better fits my blood to be disdained of all, 
 than to fathion a carriage to rob love from any. 
 
 Shukesp. 
 
 i. To make according to the rule prescrib- 
 ed by custom. 
 
 The value of the labour employed about one 
 parcel of silver more than another, makes a dif- 
 ference in their price ; and tlius fashioned plate 
 sells for more than its weight. Locke. 
 
 Fa'shion ABLE. adj. [from fashion.] 
 
 1. Approved by custom ; established by 
 custom ; modish. 
 
 The eminence of your condition will invite gen- 
 tlemen to the study of nature, and make philoso- 
 phy fashionable. Glanville. 
 
 Examine how the fashionable practice of the 
 world can be reconciled to this important doctrine 
 of our religion. Rogers. 
 
 'Tis prevailing example hath now made h fa- 
 shionable. Bentley, 
 
 2. Made according to the mode. 
 
 Rich, fashionable robes her person deck ; 
 Pendants lier ears, and pearls adorn her neck. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Observant of the mode. 
 
 Time is like a fashionable host. 
 That sli!>htly shakes his parting guest by th' hand; 
 But with his arms outstrctch'd, as he would fly. 
 Grasps in the comer : welcome ever smiles. 
 And farewell gues out sighing. Sliakesp. 
 
 4. Having rank above the vulgar, and be- 
 low nobility. 
 
 Fa'shionableness. n.s. [from fashion- 
 able.] Modish elegance ; such appear- 
 ance as is according to the present 
 
 custom. 
 
 Why should they not continue to value them- 
 selves for this tiuU\de fashionableness of the taylor 
 or tire-woman's making, when their parents have 
 so early instructed them to do so .' Locke. 
 
 Fa'shionably. adv. [from fashionable.] 
 In a manner conformable to custom ; 
 ■with modish elegance. 
 
 He must at length die d ully of old age at home, 
 when here he might so ^atSitmaW]; and genteelly 
 have been duelled or fluxed into another world. 
 
 South. 
 
 Fa'shion 1ST. n. s. [from fashion.] A 
 follower of the mode ; a fop ; a coxcomb. 
 
 Diet. 
 To FAST. V. n. [fastan, Gothick ; papcan. 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1 . To abstain from food. 
 
 Our love is not so great, Hortensio, 
 But we may blow our nails together. 
 And }ast it'fairly out. Shakesp. Tarn, of the Shreu: 
 
 I had lathet fast from all four days than drink 
 so much in one. Shakesp. .inthonu and Cleopat.v. 
 
 We have some meats, and breads, and drinks, 
 which taken by men enable thera to fast long 
 after. Bacon's New Atlantis. 
 
 2. To mortify the body by religious absti- 
 nence. 
 
 When thou /ustot, anoint thy head and wash 
 thv face, that thou appear not unto men to fast. 
 
 ■' Matth.\\. 
 
 Last night the very god sliew'd me a vision : 
 I fast, and pray'd fur their intelligence. Shakesp. 
 
 Fast. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1 . Abstinence from food. 
 
 A thousand men have broke tlieir/asls to-day, 
 That ne'er shall dine, unless thou yield the crown. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Where will this end ? Four times ten days I've 
 
 pass'd. 
 Wand' ring this woody maze, and human food 
 
 G94
 
 FAS 
 
 Nor tasted, nor had appetite ; that fast 
 
 To virtue I impute not, or count part 
 
 Of what 1 suffer here. Milton, 
 
 Happy at>d innocent were the ages of our fore- 
 fathers, who broke llieir /usts with herbs and 
 roots ; and when tiiey were permitted flesh, eat 
 it only dressed with hunger nud fire. Taylor. 
 
 She's gone unkindly, and refusVl to cast 
 One glance to feed nie for so long 3 fust. Dryilen. 
 
 8, Religious mortification by abstinence ; 
 religious humiliation. 
 
 We humble ourselves before God this dav, not 
 merely by the outward solemnities of Vi fail, but 
 b^ amicting our souls as well as bodies for our 
 ims. _ Alterbury. 
 
 Nor pray'rs nor fasts its stubborn pulse restraiii; 
 Nor tears, for ages, taught to flow in vain. I'ope. 
 
 Fast. adj. [fseyz. Sax.] 
 1. Firm ; immoveable. 
 
 He by his strength settelh fast mountains. 
 
 Psalin ixv. 6. 
 Last, the sire and his three sons, 
 With their four wives ; and God made fast the 
 door. Milton. 
 
 Be sure to find. 
 What 1 have foretold thee, many a hard es'^ay 
 Of dangers and adversities, and pains, 
 Ere thou of Israel's sceptre get faU hold. Milton. 
 
 3. Strong; impregnable. 
 
 England, by report of the chronicles, was in- 
 fested with robbers and outlaws; which lurking 
 in woods andjast places, used often to break fartti 
 to rob and spoil. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 3. Fixed ; adhering ; not separable. 
 
 Lodronius, with the breaking in of the horse- 
 men, was driven into a marsh ; where, after that 
 he, being almost_/ast in the deep mud, had done 
 the uttermost, he yielded himself. Knoltes. 
 
 A man in a boat, wlio tugs at a rope that's fast 
 to a ship, looks as if he resolved to draw the ship 
 to him. Temple. 
 
 4. Deep; sound. 
 
 I liave seen her rise from her bed, take paper, 
 fold it, seal it, and again return to her bed : yet 
 all this while in a mostjfiisi sleep. Shakesp. Mac. 
 
 5. Firm in adherence. 
 
 Quick wits be in desire new-fangled ; in pur- 
 pose, unconslant ; light to promise any thing, 
 ready to forget every thing, both benefit and in- 
 jury ; and thereby neither /rsf 10 friend, nor fear- 
 ful to foe. Ascham's Schoolmaster. 
 
 6. [from ffisf, Welsh, quick.] Speedy; 
 quick ; swift. It may be doubted whe- 
 ther this sense be not always adverbial. 
 
 I'his work goeth fast on, and prospereth. 
 
 Esra, V. 8. 
 
 Skill comes so slow, and life so fast doth fly. 
 We learn so little, anti forget so much. Davies. 
 
 The prince groweth u]t fast to be a man, and 
 is of a sweet and excellent disposition : it would 
 be a slain upon you if you should mislead, or suf- 
 fer him to be misled. ; Bacon to Villiers. 
 
 7. Fast and loose. Uncertain ; variable ; 
 inconstant ; deceitful. 
 
 _A rope of fair pearl, which now hiding, now 
 hidden by the hair, did, as it were, play at fast 
 and loose each with other, giving and receiving 
 richness. Sidney. 
 
 If she perceived by his outward cheer. 
 That any would his love by tnlk bewry. 
 
 Sometimes she heard him, sometimes stopt her 
 ear. 
 And play'd fast aytd loose the live-long day. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 The folly and wickedness of men, that think 
 to play fast and loose with God Almighty ! 
 
 L'Eslrange. 
 If they cohered, yet by the next conflict with 
 other atoms they might be separated again ; and 
 so on in an eternal vicissitude o{ fast and Imsc, 
 witliout ever consociating into the huge condense 
 bodies of planets. Bentlei). 
 
 FAS 
 
 Fast, adv, 
 
 1. Firmly ; immoveably. 
 
 Bind the boy, which you shall find with me. 
 Fast to the chair, Ukakeip. Kin^ John. 
 
 This lave of llicJrs ni;j'self have ofttrti seen. 
 Haply when they have judg'd me fast asleep. 
 
 Shaknp. 
 
 2. Closely ; nearly. In this sense it is 
 united with some other word, as bj/ or 
 beside, 
 
 BarbarossR left fourteen galleys in the lake ; 
 but the tack!iiij,'s, sails, oars, and ordnance he had 
 laid up in the caailt: Just hy. KnoUtt. 
 
 Silo's brook that flow'd 
 Fast by the oracle of God. Miltoji's Par. Lost. 
 
 Ix.*t purling streams be in her fancy seen, 
 And flovv'ry meads, and vales of cheerful green j 
 And ill the midst of deathless groves 
 Soft si|iliing uishcs lie, 
 And smiling hopes fust />i/> 
 And just beyond cm evcr-laugliing loves. 
 
 DrydcH. 
 Fast hq llie throne obsequious fame resides, 
 And wealth Incessant rolls her golden tides. Pvpe. 
 
 VVeli-knowa to me the palact* you inquire ; 
 YoT Ja&t beside it dwells my honour'd sire. Pofje. 
 
 Here o'er the martyr-king the marble wecp9» 
 And Just beside KTra once ftar'd Edward sleeps. 
 
 Pixpe. 
 
 3. Swiftly ; nimbly. 
 
 I would give a thonsand pound I could run as 
 fast as thou cau'st. Shakcsp. Henry IV. 
 
 'I'here streams a spring of blood so fast. 
 From those deep wounds, as ull embru'd the face. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 The heaviest muse tlie swiftest course has gone, 
 As clocks run fastest when most lead is on. Pope. 
 
 "Vou are to look upon me as one going ^oit out 
 of the world. Swift, 
 
 4. Frequently. 
 
 Being tried onl3' with a promise, he cave full 
 credit to that promise, and still gave evidence of 
 his fidelity as J^ort as occasions were ottered. 
 
 Hammond's Pract. Catech. 
 
 To Fa'sten. v,a, [£vomfast.] 
 
 1. To make fast; to make firm ; to fix. im- 
 moveably. 
 
 A mantle coming under her right arm, and co- 
 vering most of that side, had no fastening ou the 
 left side. Sidneu. 
 
 Moses reared up the Tabernacle, and fastened 
 his sockets. Exodus. 
 
 By chance a shin \va^ fasten d to the shore, 
 Which from old Clusiiim king Osiiiiufbore. Drijd. 
 
 2. To hold together ; to cement ; to link. 
 
 She had all maL^netick force alone, 
 To draw and fasten sundred parts in one. Donne. 
 
 In the sea-eoast of India there is no iron, which 
 flies not like a bird unto those mountains, and 
 tlierefore tlieir ships are fastened witli wood. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 .*?. To affix ; to conjoin. 
 
 The words Whig and Tory liave been pressed 
 to the service of many successions of parties, with 
 very diiTerent ide&s fastened to them. 
 
 Swift's Examiner. 
 
 4. To stamp ; to impress ; to fix. 
 
 'I'hinking, by this face, 
 To fasten in our thoughts that they have courage ; 
 But 'tis not so. Shakesp. Julius Ctesar. 
 
 5. To unite inseparably. 
 
 Their oppressors have changed the scene, and 
 
 combated the opinions in their true sliape, upon 
 
 which they could not so well fasten their disfruise. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 6. To lay on with strength. 
 
 Could he fasten a blow, or make a thrust, when 
 not suffered to approach ? Vryden's.^n. Dedicat. 
 
 To Fa'sten. I', n. To fix himself. 
 
 This jpaucity of blood may he observed in other 
 sorts of lizards, in frogs, and other fishes ; and 
 therefore an horse-leech will hardly fasten upon a 
 fish. Binmns Tu/-. Err. 
 
 FAT 
 
 He fasten'd on my neck ; and bellow 'd out. 
 As be d burst heaven. Sliakesj}. hinj^ Lear. 
 
 The wron;; judgiiient that iiiisteads us, and 
 makes the will often fasten on the worse side, lies 
 in nitsrefiorting upon comparisons. Locke^ 
 
 Fastener, n. «. [from fasten.] One that 
 makes fast or firm. 
 
 Fa'ster. n. *. [from fast.] He who ab- 
 stains from foot). Ainsirorth. 
 
 Fastha'nded. adj. [fait ami hand..'] 
 Avaricious ; closehantled : close-fisted ; 
 covetous. 
 
 The king being/a»t/ianrff</, and loth to part with 
 a second dowry, prevailed with the prince to be 
 contracted wiih the princess Catharine. bacon. 
 
 Fa'stidiosity. n. s. [from fastidious.] 
 Disdaiiifuhiess ; contemptuousness. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 FASTrmOUS. adj. [faslidiosus, Lat. 
 
 fasliditii.r, fiislidiiusc, Fr.j Disdainful; 
 
 squeamish ; delicate to a \ice ; insolently 
 
 nice. 
 
 Reasons plainly delivered, and always after one 
 manner, especially with fine and fatlidioui minds, 
 enter hut heavily and dully. bac\m. 
 
 Let tlielr /a5(i(/i(juj vain 
 Commission of the brain. 
 
 Run on and rage, sweat, censure, and condemn. 
 They were not made for thee, less lliou for them. 
 
 Ben Jonum. 
 
 A squeamish fastidious niceness, in meats and 
 drinks, must be cured by starving. I. Estrange. 
 
 All hopes, raised upon the promises or suppoMd 
 kindnesses of t\ie fastidious an J fallacious great 
 ones of the world, shall fail. inutA. 
 
 Fa'stidioiksly. adr. [from fastidious.] 
 Disdainfully; contemptuously; squeam- 
 ishly. 
 
 Their sole talent is pride and scorn : tliey look 
 fastidiously, and speak disdninfully, concluding, 
 if a man shall fall short of their garniture at their 
 knees and elbows, he is much inferior to them in 
 the furniture of his hearl. Gcnem. if the Towue. 
 
 Fasti'giated. adj. [fastigatus, Lat.j 
 Roofed ; narrowed up to the top. Diet. 
 
 Fa'stingday. n. s. [fast and day.] Day 
 of mortification by religious abstinence. 
 
 Do not call it sfastingday, unless also it be a 
 day of extraordinary devotion and of alms. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 Fastness, n.s. [from /as/.] 
 
 1 . State of being fast. 
 
 2. Firmness ; firm adherence. 
 
 Such as had given the king distate, did contaid 
 by tlu ir forwardness to shew it was hut their fast- 
 Tuss 10 the former pnvernmcut, and that those af- 
 ftclions ended with the time. Bacon. 
 
 3. Strength ; security. 
 
 All the places are cleared, and places of fast- 
 ness laid open, which are the proper walls and 
 castles of the Irish, as they were of the British 
 in the limes of .Vericola. " Davies on Ireland. 
 
 The foes liad left the faslmss of their place, 
 Prcvail'd in 6ght, and liad hi, men in chace. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. A Strong place ; a place not e.isily forced. 
 
 If his adversary be not well aware of him, he 
 entrenches himself in a nev fastnctt, and holds 
 out the siege with a new artillery. 
 
 U'atU on the Mind. 
 
 5. closeness; conciseness; not diffusion. 
 Not used. 
 
 Bring his stile from all loose rroisness to such 
 
 linn fastne.<s in Ijitin, as in Demosthenes.. 4sctam. 
 
 Fa'stvols. adj. [fastuosus, L&t. fastueur, 
 
 fasfiini.<tr, Fr.] Proud ; haughty. Did. 
 
 F.\T. adj. [p.Tr, Sa-t.] 
 
 1. Fullfed ; plump; fleshy; the contrary 
 
 to lean. 
 
 690
 
 F A T 
 
 When Gods havp hot bucks, what shall poor 
 men tlu ? For me, I tim here a Windsor staL', and 
 the Jutiest, 1 think, i' ili' forest. SJiakesp. 
 
 Let our wives 
 Appoint a meeting with this old/at fellow. Shak. 
 'Tis a fine thing to be fat and smooth. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 Spare diet and labour will keep constitutions, 
 whcrt- tills disposition is the strongest, from being 
 J'at : yon may see in an army forty tliousand foot- 
 soldiers without a fat man ; and 1 dare allirm, that 
 by plenty and rest twenty of the forty shall ^row 
 Jat. Arhuthnot. 
 
 2. Coarse ; gross ; [/''^ I"r.] 
 
 We're hurry'd d'twn 
 This iubrique and ailult'rate age ; 
 Na^, added fat pollutions of our own, 
 T' nicrease the steaming ordures of the stnue. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 3. Dull. 
 
 O souls ! in whom no heav'nly fire is found. 
 Fat minds, and ever-grov'ling on the ground. 
 
 V)'yden. 
 
 4. Wealthy ; rich. 
 
 Some are allured to law, not on the contempla- 
 tion of equity, but on the promising and pleasing 
 thoughts of litigious terms, fat contentions, and 
 tiowing fees. Milton. 
 
 These were terrible alarms to persons grown 
 fat and wealthy by a long and successful impos- 
 ture. South. 
 
 A fat benefice is that which so abounds with 
 an estate and revenues, that a man may expend a 
 great deal in delicacies of eating and drinknie. 
 
 Ayliffe. 
 Fat. n. s. An oily and sulphureous part 
 of the blood ; deposited in the cells of 
 the membrana adiposa, from the innu- 
 merable little vessels whicli are spread 
 amongst them. The fat is to be found 
 tmmediateiy under the skin in most parts 
 of the body. There are two sorts of fat ; 
 one yellowj soft, and lax, easily melted ; 
 another firm, -white, brittle, and not so 
 easily melted, called suet or tallow. Some 
 reckon the marrow of the bones for a 
 third sort of fat. Quinci/, 
 
 In this ointment the strangest and hardest inojre- 
 dients to come by, are the moss upon the skuTi of 
 a deiid raanunburied, and the yiits of a boar and 
 a bear, killed in the act of generation. Bacon. 
 
 This membrane separates an oily liquor called 
 fijt: wlien the fibres are lax, and the aliment too 
 redundant, great part of it is converted into this 
 oily liquor. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 To Fat. v. a. [from the noun.] To make 
 fat ; to fatten ; to make plump and fleshy 
 w ith abundant food. 
 
 Oh how this villany 
 Doth fat me with the very thoughts of it ! Shak. 
 
 Ere this 
 I should have fatted all the region kites 
 Willi this slave's offal. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 They fat such enemies as they take in the wars, 
 that they may devour them. Abbot. 
 
 The Caribbees were wont to geld their chil- 
 dren, on purpose to fat and eat them. Locke. 
 Cattle fatted by good pasture, after violent mo- 
 tion, sometimes die suddenly'. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 To Fat. v, n. To grow fat ; to grow full 
 fleshed. . 
 
 Clarence, he is well repaid ; 
 He is trauk'd up to fatting for his pains. Shakesp. 
 
 The one labours in his duty with a good con- 
 science ; the other, like a beast, hut fatting up for 
 the slauiihter. L^Lstrange. 
 
 An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a 
 young. Mortimer. 
 
 Fat. 71. s. [pser, Sax. vatte, Dut. This is 
 generally written vat. ] A vessel in 
 which any thing is put to ferment or be 
 soaked. 
 
 FAT 
 
 The fats sliall overflow with wine and oil. 
 
 Joel ii. 24. 
 A white stone used for flagizini^ floors, for cis- 
 terns, and tanners _/a£s. \Voodu-ard on Fossils. 
 
 FATAL, adj. [fatalis, Lat. fatal, Vv.] 
 
 1, Deadly; mortal; destructive; causing 
 destruction. 
 
 O fatal maid ! tliy marriage is endow 'd 
 With Phrygian, Latian, and Rutilian blood. Dry//. 
 
 A palsy in the brain is most dangerous ; wl'ien 
 it seizeth the iieart, or organs of breathing, _/ufa/. 
 Arbnthnot on Diet. 
 
 2. Proceeding by destiny ; inevitable ; ne- 
 cessary. 
 
 Others delude their trouble by a graver way of 
 reasoning, that these things are _/afa/ and neces- 
 sary, it being in vain to be troubled at that which 
 we cannot help. Tillotson, 
 
 S. Appointed by destiny. 
 
 It was fatal to the king to fi^Iit for liis money ; 
 and though he avoided to tight with enemies 
 abroad, yet he was still enforced to fight for it 
 with rebels at home. Bacon's Henry \ll. 
 
 It was 
 Still fatal to stout Iludibras, 
 In all his feats of arms, when least 
 He dreamt of it, to prosper best. Hudibras. 
 
 Behold the destin'd place of your abodes ; 
 For thus Anchises prophecy 'd of old, 
 And thus our fatal place of rest foretold. Dryden. 
 
 O race dyflffe : 
 For beauty still is fatal to the line. Dryden. 
 
 Fa'talist. w. s. [from fate.] One who 
 maintains that all things happen by ine- 
 vitable necessity. 
 
 Will the obstinate yato/ist find sufficient apo- 
 logy ? Watts. 
 
 Fata'lity. n. s. [fatalite, Vv.fron^ fatal.] 
 
 1. Predestination ; predetermined order or 
 series of things and events ; preordina- 
 tion of inevitable causes acting invinci- 
 bly in perpetual succession. 
 
 The stoicks held a/u(«/i(i/, and fixed unaltera- 
 ble course of events ; but then they held also, that 
 they fell out by a necessity emergent from and in- 
 herent in the things themselves, which God him- 
 self could not alter. South. 
 
 2, Decree of fate. 
 
 By a simuoQ Jatality men suffer their dissenting 
 to be drawn into the stream of the present vngue. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 All the father's precautions could not secure the 
 son from the fatality oi dying by a Won. L' Esirange. 
 
 S. Tendency to danger ; tendency to some 
 great or hazardous event. 
 
 Seven times seven, or forty-nine, nine times 
 nine, or eighty-one, and seven limes nine, or the 
 years sixty-three, is conceived to carry with it the 
 most considerable fatality. Bro. 
 
 Fatally, adv. [from fatal.] 
 
 1. Mortally ; destructively, even to death. 
 
 The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear. 
 That had the selt'-enamoured youth gaz'd here, 
 So fatally dcceiv'd he had not been, 
 Wfiile he the bottom, not his face, had seen. 
 
 Denhajn. 
 
 'Tis the jjTocession of a funeral vow. 
 Which cruel lawb to Indian wives allow, 
 When /ii(u//v their virtue they approve ; 
 Chcerud in ttaraes, and martyrs of their love.Dri/fi. 
 
 2. By the decree of fate ; by inevitable and 
 invincible delermination. 
 
 To say that the world was made casually by the 
 concurrence of atoms, is to aflfirm that the atoms 
 composed the world mechanically and fatally ; 
 only they were not sensible of it. BeiHlcv. 
 
 Fa't ALNESS, n. s. [from fatal.] Invinci- 
 ble necessity. 
 FATE. n. s. [fatum, Lat.] 
 
 FAT 
 
 1 . Destiny ; an eternal series of successive 
 
 causes. 
 
 Necessity or chance 
 Apjiroach not nie; and what I will is fate.MillOH. 
 
 There is a necessity in fate 
 Why still the hrave buld liian is tbrtiinate.Dr^rfen. 
 
 You must nhey me soon or late ; 
 Why will you vainly strupt;le with your fate! Dryd, 
 
 When eiujiirc in its childhood hist appears, 
 A watchful fate o'crsees its rising years. Dryden, 
 
 Random chance, or wilful _/are. 
 Guides tile shaft from Cupid's bow. A. Philips. 
 
 2. Event predeterminetl. 
 
 Tell me ivhat_/.i/t.s at'.end the duke of Suffolk > 
 By water shall he die, and take his end ? Shakesp. 
 
 3. Death ; destruction. 
 
 Viewincr a neighhoiiring hill, whose top of late 
 A chapel crown u, 'till in the coranion fate 
 Th' adjoining abbey fell. Denham. 
 
 Loukinjx, he feeds alone his faniish'd eyes ; 
 Feeds ling'ring death, but looking not he'dies ; 
 Yet still he chose the louf^est way to fate, 
 Wasting at once his life and his estate. Dryden. 
 
 Courage uncertain dangers may abate ; 
 But who can bear th' approach of certain Jiite .' 
 
 Dryden. 
 The whizzing arrow sings. 
 And bears thy^ute, .-Vnlinous, on its wings. Pope. 
 
 4. Cause of death. 
 
 \Vith full force his deadly bow he bent, 
 And feather'd fates among the mules and sumpters 
 sent. Diyden. 
 
 Fa'ted. adj. [fvom fate.] 
 
 1. Decreed by fate. 
 
 Shelved her father's rage, and with a train, 
 Driv'n by the Southern blasts, was fated here to 
 reign. Dryden. 
 
 2. Determined in any manner by fate. 
 
 Her aukward love indeed was oddly fated ; 
 She and her Pol»y were too near related. Prior. 
 
 3. Endued with any quality by fate. The 
 stricture used by Dryden is unusual. 
 
 Bright Vulcanian amis. 
 Fated from force of steel by St^^gian charms, 
 Suspended shone on high. Dryden's j'En. 
 
 4. Invested with the power of fatal deter- 
 mination. Peculiar to Shakespeare. 
 
 The fated sky 
 Gives us free scope. Shakesp. 
 
 F.VTHER. n. s. [pfe^ep. Sax. This word 
 is found likewise in the Persian lan- 
 guage.] 
 
 1. He by whom the son or daughter is be- 
 gotten. 
 
 Father is a notion superinduced to the sub- 
 stance, or man, and refers only to an act of that 
 thing called man, whereby he contributed to the 
 generation of one of his own kind. Locke. 
 
 Son of Bensalem, thy Jiitfcer saith it; the man 
 by whom thou hast breath and life speaketh tl.ij 
 word. Bacim. 
 
 He shall forjet 
 Father and mother, and to his wife adhere. Mi/ton. 
 
 2. The first ancestor. 
 
 It was said 
 It should not stand in thy posterity ; 
 But that myself shall be the root and father 
 Of many kings. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Abraham is the father of us all. Rom. iv. 16. 
 
 3. The appellation of an old man. 
 
 A poor blind man was .accounted cunning in 
 prognosticatini; weather : Epsom, a lawyer, said 
 in scorn. Tell me, Jather, when doth the sun 
 change i The old man answered. When such a 
 wicked lawyer as you goeth to heaven. Camden. 
 
 4. The title of any man revered for age, 
 learning, and piety. 
 
 You shall find one well accompanied . 
 With reverend J'athei-s and well learned bishops 
 
 Shakesp. Richard 111. 
 
 5. One who has given original to any thing 
 good. or bad. 
 
 696
 
 FAT 
 
 Jubat was ihcfathrr of all such as liandle the 
 
 harp und organ. Gen. iv. Vl. 
 
 Father of verse. Pope. 
 
 6. The ecclesiastical writers of the first 
 centuries. 
 
 Men may talk of the fathers, and mapnify the 
 fathers, and seem tn make tlie authtirify of ihc fa- 
 thers next to infallible ; and yet expose them to 
 contempt. Slilliv^Jiect. 
 
 7. One who acts with paternal care and 
 tenderness. 
 
 I was Ajathcr to the poor. Joh^ xxiu 16. 
 
 He liath made me ^father to Phaia h, and lord 
 
 of all his house. Gen. xlv. B. 
 
 8. The title of a popish confessor, parti- 
 cularly of a Jesuit. 
 
 Formal in apparel, 
 In cait and countenance surely like nfathcr.Shak. 
 There was ^father of a convent, very much re- 
 nowned for his |)iety and exemplary life ; and as 
 persons under any great affliction applied tlieni- 
 selves to the most eminent confessors, our beauti- 
 ful votary took the opportunity of confessing her- 
 self to this celebrated /(ii/ifr. Addisim. 
 
 9. The title of a senator of old Rome, 
 
 From hence the race of Alban/l((/((rs come, 
 And tiic long glories of majcsticK Home. Dri/den. 
 
 10. The appellation of the first person of 
 the adorable Trinity. 
 
 The eternal Siui of God esteemed it his meat 
 and drink tu d(» the will vf his Father, and fnr his 
 obedience alone f)htained tlirgreale5t}^Iory.7(ii//(Jr. 
 
 1 1. The compellation of God as Creator. 
 We have one Father, even God. John viii. 41. 
 Almighty, and most merciful Father. Com. Pray. 
 
 Father-in-law. ?/.5. ffromyj/^Aer.] The 
 father of one's husband or wife. 
 
 I must make my father-in-law a visit with a 
 great train and equipage. Addison's Sped. 
 
 To Fa'ther. v. a. 
 
 1. To take ; to adopt as a son or daughter. 
 
 Ay, good youth, 
 And rather/a(/ier thee tlian master thee. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To supply with a father, of certain 
 qualities. 
 
 I am no stronger than my sex, 
 Being so father d and so husbanded S/iafc. J. Cds. 
 
 How light and portable my pain seeras now, 
 VVhen that which makes meljend makes the king 
 
 bow ! 
 He childed as Ifatherd. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To adopt a composition. 
 
 I\Ien of wit, 
 Often/(///it'r'(i what be writ. Sw'ft. 
 
 4. To ascribe to any one as his offspring, 
 or production : with o?t. 
 
 And lest we seem to father any thing upon them 
 more tlian is their own, let them read. Hooker. 
 
 My name was made use of by several persons, 
 one of wliicli ^\as pleased io father on me a new 
 set of productions. Swift. 
 
 Magical relations comprehend ctVects t'erivcd 
 and fathered n}>on hidden qualities, whereof, from 
 received grounds of art, no reasons are derived. 
 
 Brotrn. 
 
 Fatherhood. n,s. [from/fl///^r.] The 
 character of a father; the authority of a 
 father. 
 
 'Who can abide, that against their own doctors, 
 both of the middle and latest ape, six whole books 
 should by their J(i(/jfr/i(io(ys of Trent be, under the 
 pain of a curse, imperiously obtruded upon God 
 and his church ? UtiU. 
 
 We might have had an entire notion of this_/ii- 
 theihood, or fatherly authority. Locke. 
 
 Fa'TIIERLESS. adj, [from father.'] Want- 
 ing a father; destitute of a father. 
 
 Ye shall not alllict any widow, orJal/je;7f5schild. 
 
 Ex. xxii. 
 Our/<il/icr/f«: distress was left unmoan'd ; 
 Your widow dolours likewise be unwept. Shakef^y. 
 The fatherless hiiih no friend. Sandys^ 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 V A T 
 
 He caught his dcalh the last county sessions, 
 where he would go to see justice done to a poor 
 widow woman and lieryiit/icrfnj children. 
 
 Addisim'iSprctatiT. 
 
 Fa'therliness. M..y. [fvdmfalher.] The 
 tenderness of a lather ; parental kind- 
 ness. 
 
 Fa'therly. adj. [from father.] Pater- 
 nal ; like a father; tender ; protecting ; 
 careful. 
 
 Let me but move one question to your daughter, 
 And, hy thai /ii(/icr/i/ .nnd kindly power 
 Tliat you have in hei-, hid her answer truly. Shak. 
 The part which describes the fire, I owe to the 
 piety and falherly afl'cction of our monarch to his 
 sulTering subjects. Dri/ikn. 
 
 Fa'therly. adv. In the manner of a fa- 
 ther. 
 
 Thus Adam, ^ijl/in/y displeas'd • 
 execrable son I so to aspire 
 Above his brethren ! Milton. 
 
 FATHOM. 7i. .9. [p.T&tn, Sax.l 
 
 1 . A measure of length containing si.x foot, 
 or two yards ; the space to which a man 
 
 can extend both arms. 
 
 The extent of this /;i(/mOT, or distance between 
 the extremity of the fingers of citlier hand upon 
 expansion, is equal unto the space between the 
 sole of the foot and crown. _ Brown. 
 
 The arms spread cross in a straiglit line, and 
 measured from the end of the long finger on one 
 hand, to tliat of the other, a measure equal to the. 
 stature, is named ^fathom. Hohlor. 
 
 2. It is the usual measure applied to the 
 depth of the sea, when the Une for 
 sounding is called the f at /lom-linc 
 
 Dive into the bottom of the deep, 
 Where/ol/ioin-ime could never touch the ground. 
 Sfwkesji. Henrij IV. 
 
 3. Reach ; penetration ; depth of contriv- 
 ance ; compass of thought. 
 
 Another of his fnthom they have none 
 To lead their business. Sliakesp. Othello. 
 
 To Fa'thom. I', a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To encompass with the arms extended 
 or encircling. 
 
 2. To reach ; to master. 
 
 Leave, leave to fathom such high points as these; 
 Nor be ambitious, ere the time, to please. Dri/r/c/i. 
 
 3. To sound ; to try with respect to the 
 depth. 
 
 'Tis too strong for weak heads to try llic heights 
 
 and fathom the depths of his llights. Fellon. 
 
 Our depths who /'ui/inms. Pope. 
 
 4. To penetrate into ; to find the bottom 
 or utmost extent : as, / cannot fatliom 
 his design. 
 
 Fa'thomles.s. adj. [fvom fat/ivm.] 
 
 1 . That of which no bottom can be found. 
 
 2. That of which the circumference can- 
 not be embraced. 
 
 Will yon with counters sum 
 The vast proportion of his infinite ; 
 And buckle in a waste most /nt/mm/fss, 
 With spans and inches so duninutive 
 As fears and reasons ? Shakesp. Trail, and Crissida. 
 
 FATi'niCAL.adJ.[fatidicus,l.at.fatidi(itie. 
 Fr.] Proplictick ; having the power to 
 foretcl future events. 
 
 The oak. of all other trees only_/(i(ii/ii-n/, told 
 them what a fearful unfortunate business this 
 would prove. Iloutll. 
 
 FATlFERors.fl^//. [fatifer,L!ii.] De;i(lly ; 
 
 mortal ; destructive. Did. 
 
 Fa'tigable. adj. [fatigo, Lat.] Easily 
 
 •wearied ; susceptible of weariness. 
 To Fa'tigate. r. a. [fatigo, Lat.] To 
 
 FAT 
 
 weary; to fatigue; to tire ; to exhaust 
 ■with lalxjur ; to oppress with la-ssitude. 
 Not in use. 
 
 By and by the din of war 'can lo picrc* 
 Ifis ready m-misc, when straight \\\s uoubled iplril 
 ReciuickcnM what in flesh v/asfatigate. 
 Ana to the battle caruc be. Shakesp. Cvriohnus. 
 
 FATrta'K. n.s. [fatigue, I'T.fatigo.Lai] 
 
 1. Weariness; lassitude. 
 
 2. The cause of weariness; labour; toil. 
 
 The great Scipio sought honours in liii youth, 
 and endured ll:eyati^itfi with which he purchased 
 them. Drvdtn. 
 
 7o Fati'(;i;r. r. a. [fatigue, Yr. fatigo, 
 Lat.] 'I"o tire ; to weary ; to harass with 
 toil ; to exhaust with labour. 
 
 The man who struggles in the fight, 
 Fatigues left arm as well as right. Pri.ir. 
 
 Fatki'dneyei). adj. [^fat anil liidne]/.] 
 Fat : by way of reproach or contempt. 
 
 Peace, ye fatkidneyd rascal ; what a brawling 
 dost thou "keep ! Sliakesp. Henry I V. 
 
 Fa'tlino. n.s. [from /a?.] A young 
 animal fed fat for the slaughter. 
 
 The calf and the young lion, and the fathne 
 shall lie down together, and a little child shall 
 lead them. /». «i. 6. 
 
 Fa'tner. n.s. [from/a<.] That which 
 gives fiitness. 
 
 The wind was west, on which that philosopher 
 bestowed the encomium or father of the earth. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 Fa'tness. n.s. [from /a?.] 
 
 1. The quality of being fat, plump, or 
 full-fed. 
 
 2. Fat ; grease ; fullness of flesh. 
 And hy his side rode loathsome gluttony, 
 
 Deformed creature, on a filthv swine ; 
 His belly was upblown with luxury. 
 And eke with/uliita swollen were his eyen. 
 
 Fairv Queen. 
 
 3. Unctuous or greasy matter. 
 
 Eartli and water, mingled by the help of the 
 sun, gather a T)iUon:i fatness. Bacons Aut. Hiit. 
 
 4. Oleaginousness ; sliminess; unctuous- 
 ness. 
 
 But the olive-tree said unto them. Should I 
 leave my fatness wherewith by me they honour 
 God and liiaji, and go to be promoted over the 
 trees ? Judgfs. 
 
 hy reason of the /iidicss and heaviness of the 
 ground, K.L'ypt <lid" not produce luetals, wood, 
 pitch, and some fruits. Arbuthtwt. 
 
 5. Fertility ; fruitfulness. 
 
 God give thee o{ the dew of heaven, and the 
 faliuss ol the eartli, and plenty of corn and wine. 
 
 Gen. xxvii. 28. 
 
 0. That which causes fertilitj*. 
 
 ^\'hen around 
 The clouds drop/i(iif-<s, in the middle sly 
 Ihe dew suspended staid, and left unmoist 
 The execrable glebe. Philips. 
 
 Vapours and clouds feed the plants of the earth 
 with the balm of dews and the^btn«s of showers. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 To Fa'tten. V. a. [from/n/.] 
 
 1 . To feed ; to make fleshy ; to plump 
 with fat. 
 
 Frequent blood-letting, in small quantities, of- 
 ten incrcaseththe force of the org.ans of digestion, 
 and /iillfiifl'i and increaseth the distemper. 
 
 Arbulhnft. 
 
 2. To make fruitful. 
 
 ■J'own of stuff to Allien land. Lib. Loniitnrruu. 
 Dtire not, on thy life. 
 Touch aught of mine ; 
 This falcliion else, not hitherto withstood. 
 These hostile fields shall^aKoi with thy blood. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 3. To feed grossly ; to increase. 
 
 4U 
 
 fl97
 
 F A V 
 
 Obscene Orontes 
 
 Conveyshis wealth to Tyher's hungry shores, 
 And fattens Italy with foreign wliures. Drtjden. 
 
 To Fatten. v.?i. [tVom/«^] To grow 
 fat ; to be pampered ; to grow fleshy. 
 
 All asrce to spoil the piiblick good, 
 And villains^aHcrt with the brave man's labour. 
 
 Otivay. 
 
 Apollo check'd my pride, and bade me feed 
 My fatt' ning flocks, nur dare beyond the reed. 
 
 Driiiden. 
 
 Yet then this little spot of earth well tiil'd, 
 A numerous family wiih plenty filTd, 
 The good old man and thrift3' housewife spent 
 Their days in peace, imdfattend with content ; 
 Enjoy'dthe dregs of life, and liv'd to sec 
 A long-descending healthful progeny. Dryden, 
 
 Tygers and woives shall \\\ the ocean breed, 
 The'whale and dolphin /Jiftcn on the mead, 
 And every element exchange its kind, 
 When Irivinghonest}'^ in courts we find.Grani'iV/e. 
 
 FATUOUS, adj. [faluns, Lat.] 
 
 1. Stupid ; foolish ; feeble of mind. 
 
 We pity or laugh at those^((t»(j»5 extravagants, 
 while yet ourselves have a considerable dose of 
 what makes thcni so. Glan. 
 
 2. Impotent ; without force; illusory; al- 
 luding to an ignis Jatuus. 
 
 And when that tlame finds combustible earth, 
 Theucv fatuous fires and meteors take their birth. 
 
 Denha7ii. 
 
 Fatu'ity. U.S. [fatuifejYw from fatuous.] 
 Foolishness ; Aveakness of mind ; morbid 
 feebleness of intellect. 
 
 It had argued a very short sight of things, and 
 extreme fatuity of mind in me, lo bind my own 
 hands at their request. ^^'^S Charles. 
 
 These sympioms were soliigh in some as to pro- 
 duce a sort offatuitif of madness. ArbiUhnot on Air. 
 
 Fa'twitted. adj. [fat and wit.] Heavy ; 
 dull; stupid. 
 
 Thou art so faticitted with drinking old sack, and 
 unbuttoning thee after supper, and sleejiing upon 
 benches in the afternoon, that thou hast forgot- 
 ten. Shakcsp. HeiirylV. 
 
 Fa'tty. adj. [from fat.] Unctuous ; olea- 
 ginous ; greasy ; partaking of the nature 
 of fat. 
 
 The like cloud, if oily or fatty, will not dis- 
 charge ; not because it sticketh faster, but because 
 air preyeth upon water, and flame and fire upon 
 oil. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 The gourd 
 And thirsty cucimiber, when they perceive 
 Th' approaching olive, with resentment fly 
 Her /a((i/ fibres, and with tendrils creep 
 Diverse^ detesting contact. Philips. 
 
 The common symptoms of llie muriatick scurvy 
 are, a saline taste in the spittle, and a lixivia! 
 urine, sometimes with a fattii substance like a 
 thin skin a-top. * Arbuthnot on Alim . 
 
 Fa'ucet. n.s. [faussety Tr.fauccSj Lat.] 
 The pipe inserted into a vessel to give 
 vent to the liquor, and stopped up by a 
 peg or spigot. It is sometimes impro- 
 perly written /i9S5e^ 
 
 You were out a good wholesome forenoon in 
 hearing a cause between an orange-wife and a 
 _/(is5et-seller, and adjourned a controversy of three 
 pence to a second audience. Shokesp. 
 
 If you are sent down to draw drink, and find 
 it will not run, blow strongly into the faucet, and 
 it will immediately pour into your mouth. Swift. 
 
 Fa'uchiox. n.s. [See Falchion.] A 
 crooked sword. 
 
 A stately tomb, whose top a trumpet bore ; 
 A soldier's fauchion, and a seaniap.^s oar. Dnjden. 
 
 FAUFEL. n.s. [Fr.] The fruit of a 
 
 species of tlie palm-tree. 
 Favi'llous. a(/j. [favilla, Lat.] Con- 
 
 sistins of ashes, 
 
 F A U 
 
 As to foretelling of strangers, from the fungous 
 particles about the wicks of the candle, it only 
 signifieth a moist air about thcni, hindering the 
 avolatiou of lightand ^hefufilloiis particles. iJroira. 
 
 Fa'ulcon 
 Fa'ulconry. 
 FAULT, n.s. 
 
 See 
 
 ( Falcon 
 I Falconry. 
 faut,faute, Y\\ fallar, to 
 be deficient, Span. The / is sometimes 
 sounded, and sometimes mute. In con- 
 versation it is irenerally suppressed.] 
 
 1. Offence; slight crime ; somewhat liable 
 to censm-e or objection. 
 
 The prophet clinsetli rather to cliarge them with 
 tile fault of making a law unto themselves, than 
 tile crime of transgressing a law which G(jd had 
 made. Hooker. 
 
 He finds no fault with their opinion about the 
 true God, but only that it was not clear and dis- 
 tinct enough. Stilling fleet. 
 
 He that but conceives a crime in thought, 
 Contracts the danger of an actual /iniit : 
 Then what must he expect that still proceeds 
 To commit sin, and work up thoughts to deeds ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 If you like not my poem, the fault may possibly 
 be in my writing; but more probably, 'tis in your 
 morals, which cannot bear the truth of it.Drijdcn. 
 
 They wholly mistake the nature of criti(::ism, 
 who tfiink its business is jiriiicipally to fmd fault. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 To he desirous of a good name, and careful to 
 do every thing that he innocently may to obtain 
 i t, is so far from being a fault, even in private per- 
 sons, that it is their great and indispensible duty. 
 
 Aitcrhury. 
 
 Before his sacred name flies ev'ry fault. 
 And each exalted stanza teems with thought. Pepe. 
 
 Which of our thrum-cap'd ancestors found fault, 
 i'or want of sugar-tongs, or spoons for salt?A'(H^. 
 
 Being void of all friendship and enmity, they 
 never complain, nor find /auft with the times. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. Defect ; want; absence. 
 
 I could tell to thee, as to one it pleases me, for 
 fault of a better, to call ray friend, I could be sad, 
 and sad indeed too. Shukesp. 
 
 3. Puzzle ; difficulty : as, the enquirer is 
 at a fault. 
 
 To Fault, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 be wrong; to fail. 
 
 Which moved him rather in eclogues than other- 
 wise to write, minding to funiisb our tongue in 
 this kind wherein itjaulteth. Spenser. 
 
 To Fault, v. a. To charge with a fault; 
 to accuse. 
 
 For that I will notfault thee. 
 But fur humbleness exalt thee. OldSnng. 
 
 Fa'ulter. n.s. [fvom fault.] An of- 
 fender ; one who commits a fault. 
 
 Then she, behold the /i/i(/fer here insight. 
 This hand committed that supposed oiFeuce. Fai?/'. 
 
 Fa'ultfinder. n.s. [fault andjind.] A 
 censurer ; an objector. 
 
 Fa'ultily. adv. [from fault)/.] Not right- 
 ly : improperly ; defectively ; errone- 
 ously. 
 
 Fa'ultiness. n.s. [from faulti/.] 
 
 1 . Badness ; viciousness ; evil disposition. 
 
 When her judgment was to be practised in 
 knowing faultiness by his first tokens, she was like 
 a young' fawn, who coming in the wind of the 
 hunters, doth not know whether it be a thing or 
 no to be eschewed. Sidney. 
 
 2. Delinquency; actual offences. 
 
 The inhabitants will nut take it in evil part, that 
 the faultiness of their people heretofore is laid 
 open. Hooker. 
 
 Fa'ultlf.ss. adj. [from fault.] Exempt 
 from fault ; perfect ; completely excel- 
 lent. 
 
 F A V 
 
 Where for our sins he faultless suffered pain. 
 There where he died, and where he liv'd a^ain. 
 
 Who durst thy faultless figure thus deface IDryd. 
 Whoever thinks vtfanUless piece to see. 
 Thinks what ne'er was, nor is.iior e'er shall he. Pope. 
 
 Fa'ulty. adj. [fautif, Fr. from fault.] 
 
 1 . Guilty of a fault ; blameable ; criminal ; 
 not innocent. 
 
 The king dotli speak as one which is faulty. 
 
 2 Sam. 
 Can thus 
 Th' image of God In man, created once 
 So goodly and erect, l!inugh/ini/(v since ! 
 To such unsightly sufferings be dcbas'd ! Milt. 
 
 2. Wrong ; erroneous. 
 
 Tlie form of polity by them set down for per- 
 petuity, is three ways faulty ; faulty in omitting 
 some things which in Scripture are of that nature, 
 as namely, the difference that ought to be of pas- 
 tors, when ihey grow to any great multitude ; 
 faulty in requiring doctors, deacons, and widows, 
 as things of perpetual necessity by the law of 
 God, wnich in truth are nothing less ; faulty aUo 
 in urging some things by Scripture mutable, as 
 their lay elders. Hooker. 
 
 3. Defective ; bad in any respect ; not fit 
 for the use intended. 
 
 By accident of n faulty helmet that Parker had 
 on, he was stricken into the mouth at the first 
 course, so that he died presently. jUuco«'s/fe;(.Vn. 
 
 To FA'VOUR. I', a. [faveo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To support ; to regard with kindness ; 
 to be propitious to ; to countenance. 
 
 Of all the race of silver-winged flies 
 Was none more favourable, nor moie fair. 
 
 Whilst Heaven did /iirourhis felicities, 
 Than Clarion, the eldest son and heir 
 Of iMuscarol. Spenser. 
 
 The same gods that arm'd the queen of Troy, 
 lMay_/(ii'o»r Taniora the queen of Goths. Shakesp. 
 
 Men favour wonders. Bacon s Nat. Hist, 
 
 Fortune so favoured him, that the town at his 
 first coming surrendered unto him. KnoUes. 
 
 The good jEneas am I call'd ; a name. 
 While fortune Jatio»)-'((, not unknown to fame. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Oh happy youth ! andyiirowrV/ of the skies, 
 Distinguish'd care of guardian deities. Pope^sOd. 
 
 2. To assist with advantages or conveni- 
 ences. 
 
 No one place about it is weaker than another, to 
 favour an enemy in his approaches. Addison. 
 
 3. To resemble in feature. 
 
 The porter owned that the gentleman fat'oiireii 
 his master. Spectator. 
 
 4. To conduce to ; to contribute. 
 Fa'vour. n.s. [favor, Lat. faveur, Fr.] 
 
 1. Countenance; kindness; kind regard ; 
 propitious aspect : with q/ before the fa- 
 vourer. 
 
 It pleasVl your majesty to turn your looks 
 O? favour from myself, and all our house. Skak. 
 
 The child Samuel was in favour, both with the 
 Lord, and also with men. 1 .Sam. ii. 26. 
 
 They got not the land by their own sword ; but 
 thy right hand and thine arm, and the light of thy 
 countenance, because thou hast a favour unto 
 thcni. Ps. xliv. 3. 
 
 His dreadful navy, and his lovely mind. 
 Gave him the fear -anti favour of mrinkind. Waller. 
 
 Tills /(looiir, had it been employed on a more 
 
 descrviiig subject, had been an effect of justice in 
 
 your nature ; but, as placed on me, is only charity. 
 
 Dryden s Aurcngzebe, Preface. 
 
 2. Support; defence; vindication; in- 
 clination to favour : with of before the 
 thing favoured. 
 
 The pleasures which these Scriptures ascribe to 
 religion, are of a kind very ditTerent from those in 
 favour of which they are here alleged. Rogers. 
 At play, among strangers, we are apt to find 
 our hope's and wishes engaged on a sudden in 
 favour of one side more than another. Swift. 
 
 698
 
 F A V 
 
 They were invited from all parts for the use of 
 ViiiKS, princes, and ministers. And in short, the 
 favour of learning was the humour and mode of 
 tlie age. Ttmpte. 
 
 S. Kindness j^ranted ; benevolence shewn. 
 
 AW Jiivours and jjimi^hiiients pa«s('d b^ liiin. all 
 
 offices and places of iuijKjrUncc were distribuicd 
 
 to his favourites. S'uhiet^. 
 
 The race is not to liic swift, nor yet favour to 
 
 men of skill. Ecd. ix. U. 
 
 O, my royal master I 
 The gods, m favour to yuu, made her cruel. 
 
 Phi tips. 
 
 4. Lenity ; mildness ; mitigation of pu- 
 nishment. 
 
 I could not discover the lenity and favour r.f 
 this sentence ; but conceived it rather to be rigo- 
 rous than gentle. Swifi, 
 
 5. Leave ; fjood will ; pardon. 
 
 Worthy Macbeth, wc stay upon your leisure. 
 —Give me your favour; my dull brain was 
 
 wrought 
 AVith things forgot. Shakesp. 
 
 Yet ere we enter into open act. 
 With ^(iro)tr, 'twere no lussift might be inquir'd 
 What the condition of these arms would be? 
 
 BenJonson. 
 Come down, said Reynardjet us treat of peace : 
 A peace, with all my soul, said Clianticlecr ; 
 But, with y OUT favour, 1 will treat it here.Dr^Jcrt. 
 
 person or thing fa- 
 
 6. Object of fiivoiir; 
 voured. 
 
 All these his wond'rous works, but chiefly man, 
 His chief deliglit m)d favour ; him, for whom 
 All these his works so wond'rous he ordain'd. 
 
 Millon. 
 
 7. Something given by a lady to be worn. 
 
 And «verv one his lovesuit will advance 
 Unto his several mistress, wltich they'll know 
 By favours several which tlicy did bestow. Shak. 
 "It is received that it lielpcth to continue love, 
 if one wear the hair of the i)arty beloved ; and 
 perhaps a glove, or other likej'rtfour, may as well 
 do it. Bacon's ^at. Hist. 
 
 A blue ribband tied round the sword-arm, I 
 conceive to be the remains of Iliat custom of wear- 
 ing a raistress's^ai'oiir on such occasions of old. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 8. Any thing worn openly as a token. 
 Here, Fluellen, wear thou this ^zio»r for me, 
 
 and stick it in thy cap. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 9. Feature ; countenance. It is now littl« 
 used. 
 
 That is only suitable rn laying afoul complexion 
 upona61thy_/uiw(r, selling forth both in sluttish- 
 ness. Sidney. 
 
 Young tlnnij^h thou ar*, thine eye 
 Hatii staid upon some/IiDotir that it loves. Shakesp. 
 
 Disseat thy favour uilh an usurped beard.5/ni/i:. 
 
 There's no goodness in thy face : if Antony 
 Be free and healthful, w by so tart a favour 
 To trumpet such good tidings ■ Shak. Ant. and Cleop, 
 
 iTet well I remember 
 The favours of these men : were they not mine ? 
 Did'they not sometime cry, all hail ! to me ? Shnk. 
 
 A youtli of dne favour and shape. Bacon. 
 
 By their virtuous beha\'iour tney compensate 
 the hardness of their /iirour, and by the pulcliri- 
 tude of their souls, make up what is wanting in 
 the beauty of their bodies. South. 
 
 Favourable, adj, [favorable, Fr./a- 
 vorabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Kind; propitious; affectionate. 
 
 Famous Plantagenet! most gracious prince, 
 'Lend favnurable ear to our requests. Shak. fiic.III. 
 
 2. Palliative ; tender ; averse from censure. 
 
 None can have the/anmrrtft/e thought, 
 That to obey a tyrant's will they fought. Drijden. 
 
 3. Conducive to ; contributing to ; pro^ii- 
 tioiis. 
 
 People are muhiplied in a country by the tem- 
 per of the climate, /uiDHra6/i' to generation, health, 
 and long life. Temple. 
 
 4. Accommodate; convenient. 
 
 F A V 
 
 Many good officers were willing to stay there, 
 as a place \e^y favourable for the making l»*vies of 
 men. Clarendon. 
 
 0. Beautifid ; well favoured ; well fea- 
 tured. Obsolete. 
 
 Of all the race of silver-winged flies 
 
 A\ Inch do po^sess the empire rif the air. 
 
 Was none more favourable, nor more fair. 
 
 Than Clarion the eldest son and heir 
 
 Of Miiscarul. Spenser. 
 
 Fa'vouraijleness. n.s, [from favoura- 
 
 bk,'] Kindness : benignity. 
 Fa'vour.vrly. adv. [fr<mi favourable.] 
 Kindly; -with favour ; >vith tenderness; 
 Avith kind regard. 
 
 Ttnichihg actions of common life, lliere is not 
 any defence mure fa vourahlij heard than theirs wlio 
 allege sincerely for themselves, that they did as 
 necessity constrained tlu-m. Hooker. 
 
 She goclh about seckinj; such as are worthy of 
 her, and shewetli Ucr^iM favoarafdy unto them in 
 the ways. Il'ts//. vi. 
 
 The violent will condemn the character of Ab- 
 salom, as either ioofarourahly or tooliardly tlrawu. 
 
 Drijdcn. 
 
 Wc are naturally inclined to ih'mk favourahlu of 
 
 those wc love. ' Rogers. 
 
 Favoured, pariicip.adj. [from favoitr.] 
 
 1. Regardt.'d with kindness. 
 
 Oft with some favoured traveller tliey stray, 
 j'Vnd shine before him all the desert way. Fopc. 
 
 2. [From favour^ the noun.] Featured. 
 Ahvays conjoined with ivell or ill. 
 
 Of her there bred 
 A thousand young ones, wliich she daily fed ; 
 Sucking upon her poisonous dugs, each one 
 Of sundry shape, yet all iil-favoured. Fairy Queen. 
 The illfavoured and leau-fleshed kine did eat 
 
 up the seven ucUfavoured and fat kine. Genesis. 
 
 Fa'vouredly. adv. [from favoured.] 
 Always joined with ivell or illj in a fair 
 or foul way ; with good or bad appear- 
 ance. 
 Fa'voureR. 71, s, [from/flro?/r.] One 
 who favours ; one who regards with 
 kindness or tenderness ; a well-wisher ; 
 a friend. 
 
 If we should upbraid them with irreligious, as 
 they do us with superstitiuusyiuot/ccrs, the answer 
 which herein they would make us, let them apply 
 unto themselves. Hooker. 
 
 Do I not kuow you for a favourer 
 Of this new sect ? ye arc not sound. S/m/t. H. VITT. 
 
 Being now a favourer to the Briton. Shakesp. 
 
 Conjure their ifriends they had. labour for nmre. 
 Solicit all reputed^ufourrrs. Daiiiei's Civil War. 
 
 All the favourers uf niagick were the most pro- 
 fest and bitter enemies to the Christian religion. 
 
 Addiitm. 
 
 Fa'vourite. 71, s, [favourit J favorite, 
 Fv.favoritay Ital.] 
 
 1 . A person or thing beloved ; one regard- 
 ed with favour; any thing in which plea- 
 sure is taken ; that which is regarded 
 Avith particular approbation or affection. 
 
 Every particular master in criticism has his^ii- 
 vourite passages in an author. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 So fathers s])eak, persuasive speech and mild ! 
 Their sage experience to the^i/e'riU' child. Pii/it*. 
 
 2. One chosen as a companion by a su- 
 periour ; a mean wrctcli whose whole 
 business is by any means to please. 
 
 All favours and punishments passed by him, aH 
 otlices and places of Importance were distributed 
 to hisy"(U'(>w7'i(fs. Sidney. 
 
 I was a Thessalian gentleman, who, bv m^^- 
 chance, having killed a favourite of tlie prnice of 
 that country, was pursued so cruelly, that in ro 
 place but by favour or corruption they would ob- 
 tain my destruction. Sidfiey. j 
 
 F A W 
 
 The prest roan down, you mark, his fav'riu 
 
 flifs ; 
 The pouradvancM, makes frien'ls of enemies. 
 
 Shakap. 
 
 Bid her slcal into the plashed bower. 
 Where linuo^'-suckles, ripen'd by liie *un. 
 Forbid the sun to enter ; like in favourites. 
 Made proud by |>riiices llial udvancc their pride 
 Agai[i>t that pouer that bred it Sliakap. 
 
 Aottiiny is more vigilant, nothine ra re jealous 
 than a Jutourite, esjieciaJly towards tlie waitiing 
 time, and suspect of satiely. Wiittun. 
 
 This man was very capable of )>eing a creat /a- 
 vourite to a threat king. Clurenamt. 
 
 W tiat /tit' Vita gain, and what the nation owc». 
 Fly thch>rgelful world. Pope. 
 
 Fa'volrless. adj. [horn favour.] 
 
 1. Unfavoured; not regarded with kind- 
 ness ; liaving no patronage ; ■without 
 countenance. 
 
 2. Unfavouring ; unpropitious. 
 
 Of that goddess I have souuhl the sight. 
 Yet no where can her find ; such happiness 
 Heaven doth mc envy, and fortune JuiToiirlctt, 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Fa'useN. n. s. A sort of large eel. 
 ilc left tlic waves to wash ; 
 The wave sprung entrails, about wbichyaui^nj and 
 
 other fish 
 Did sholc. Chapman s Iliads. 
 
 Fa'ussebraye. n.s. A small mount of 
 earth, four fathoms wide, erected on the 
 level round the foot of the rampart, to 
 fire upon the enemy, when he is so far 
 advanced that you cannot force him 
 back; and also to receive the ruins 
 which the cannons make in the body of 
 tlie place. Harris. 
 
 Fa'utok. n. s. [Lat. fauteur, Ft.] Favour- 
 er ; countenancer ; supp<irter. 
 
 I ara neither author or fantor of any sect : I will 
 have no man addict hiniscif to me; but if I have 
 any thing right, defend it as truth's, not mine. 
 
 lien Jonum 
 The new mountain in the Lucrinc lake, which 
 is alleged, by thej'autors of this opinion, as an in- 
 stance in behalf of it, was not raised thus. M'tjcdw. 
 Fa'utress. 71.. 9. [^faiilrix, Lat. fatitrice. 
 Ft.] a woman that favours, or shows 
 countenance. 
 
 It made him prav, and prove 
 jMinerva's aid hhfautr^ss still. Chanmans Iliads. 
 He comes from banishment to tlie fautrtss of 
 liberty, fri>m the barbarous to tlie polite. Garth. 
 Fawn. n.s. [faoii, Fr. from fan, in the 
 old French a child, probably from i/i- 
 fans, Lat.] A youn^ deer. 
 
 Looking my love I go from place to place. 
 Like a young faicn that late hatlt lost the hind : 
 
 And seek each w here, where last I s;iw her face, 
 \Vhose image yet I carry fresh in mind. Spctuer. 
 The buck is'called the first year tifawn, the se- 
 cond year a pricket. Shak. Loir's L<i^Nr Lost. 
 The colt hath about four years of growili ; and 
 sothe_/i/u'M, and so the calf. Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 Who for thy table feeds the wanlon^/'au-n. 
 For him ns kindly spreads the llow'ry'lawn.Pojw. 
 To FAWN. v. n. [of uncertiin original. 
 Perhaps a contraction of the French _/"an- 
 Jan, a term of fondness for cliildren.] 
 1. To court by frisking before one ; as a 
 dog. 
 
 The dog straight /auatcd upon his master for old 
 knowledge. Sidney. 
 
 Holding Corioli :.. .he name of Rome, 
 Ktea like a faicnin^ greyhound. Skakesp. 
 
 H. To court by any means. Used by ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Instead thereof he kiss'd her weary feet, 
 .\nd lick'il her lily hands with /aieniii^ toni:ue, 
 .As he her w rong'd innocence d'ld weel. fuiru (J. 
 
 69P
 
 F E A 
 
 Is it not strange tliat a rational man should wor- 
 ship an ox = that he sliould fawn upon his dog ? 
 bow himself before a cat ? and adore leeks and 
 garlick ? &"'''• 
 
 S. To court servilely. 
 
 My love, forheiir to fawn upon their frowns ; 
 What danger or what sorrow can befall thee, 
 So long as Ed ward is thy constant friend? Shukesp. 
 
 And thou, sly hypocrite, who now would'st be 
 Patron of libertv, who more than thou 
 Once famd, aiid cring'd, and servilely ador'd 
 Heav'ii's awful monarch ? MUton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Whom Ancus follows, with a/au/img air ; 
 But vain within, and proudly popular. Dryden. 
 
 Dext'rous the cravinp fawnmg croud to quit. 
 And pleas'd to 'scape from fiutlery to wit. Pope. 
 
 4. To bring forth a fawn. 
 
 Fawn.w.s. a servile cringe ; low flattery. 
 
 You will rather shew our gentle lowts 
 How you can frown, than spend ufaicn upon them 
 For the inheritance of their loves. Shakesp.Coriola. 
 
 Fa'wner. n.s. [from fawn.] One that 
 
 fawns ; one that pays servile courtship. 
 By softness of behaviour we have arrived at the 
 
 appellation o(fan'ncrs. Spectator. 
 
 Fa'wningly. adv. [from/awn.] In a 
 
 cringing servile way. 
 Fa'xed. adj. [from psex, Saxon, hair.] 
 
 Hairy. Now obsolete. 
 They could call acometa/aied star, which is all 
 
 one with Stella crinita, or cometa. Camden's Rem. 
 
 Fay. n. s. [fee, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A fairy ; an elf. 
 
 And the yellow-skirted/ays 
 Fly after the night steeds. 
 Leaving their moon-lov'd maze. Milton. 
 
 Ye svlphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear ; 
 Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and demons, hear ! Pope. 
 
 2. [From foi, Fr.] Faith. Wholly obsolete. 
 
 Their ill 'haviour garres men missay. 
 Both of their doctrine and then fay. Spenser. 
 
 Fe'ABERRY. n. s. [ grussulai-ia.] A goose- 
 berry. Diet. 
 
 To Feague. v. a. [Goiver uses To feige, 
 for to censure ; ftgeri, Germ, to sweep ; 
 fyken, Dut. to" strike.] To whip; to 
 chastise; to beat. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Fe'alty. n. s. [jeau'lc, Fr.] Duty due 
 to a superiour lord ; fidelity to a master ; 
 
 loyalty. 
 
 I am in parliament pledge for his truth. 
 And lastingjea/tv to the new made knig. Shukesp. 
 
 Let my sovereign 
 Command my eldest son, nay, all my sons, 
 As pledges of my /eaity and \ove.Sliakesp.Hen.l\ . 
 
 Man disoheving. 
 Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sms 
 Against the high supremacy of Heav'n 
 
 Each bird and beast behold 
 After their kinds : I bring them to receive 
 From thee their names, and pay Ihee fealty 
 With low subjection. Milton sParadise Last. 
 
 Whether his first design be to withdraw 
 Oarfealtv from God, or to disturb 
 Conj ugal love. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 FF.AR. n. s. [peapan, Sax. to fear ; vaer, 
 . Dut. feakle, Erse.] 
 
 1. Dread ; terrour; painful apprehension 
 of danger. 
 
 Fear is an uneaaness of the mind, upon the 
 thouaht of future evil likely to befal us. Locke. 
 
 TremblingJ^ear still to and fro did %, 
 
 And found no place where safe she shrowd him 
 
 might. Faii-u Queen. 
 
 For fear was upon them, because of the people 
 
 of those countries. . H^ra, iii. 3. 
 
 What then remains ? Are we depriv'd of will ? 
 
 Must we not wish, for fear of wishing ill ? Dryd. 
 
 Fear, in general, is that passion of our nature 
 
 whereby we are ixciicd to provide for our security 
 
 upon the approach of evil. Rogers. 
 
 F E A 
 
 2. Awe; dejectionof mind at the presence 
 of any person or thing; terrour impress- 
 ed : with of before that which impress- 
 
 eth. 
 
 And the/car ofyoa, and the dread of you, shall 
 be upon every beast. Gen. ix. ... 
 
 , Anxiety ; solicitude 
 
 The principal^eurwasfor the holy temple. Mac. 
 
 4. That which causes fear. 
 
 Antony, stay not by his side : 
 Thy demon, that's the spirit that keens thee, is 
 Noble, courageous, higli, unmatchable. 
 Where Ca-sar is not ; but near him, thy angel 
 Becomes afear, as being overpower'd. Shakesp. 
 
 5. The object of fear. 
 
 Except the God of .Abraham, and the fear of 
 Isaac had been with me. Grn. xxxi. 42. 
 
 6. Something hung up to scare deer by its 
 colour or noise. 
 
 He who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall 
 fall into the pit, and he that Cometh up out of the 
 midst of the pit, shall be taken in the snare. 
 
 is. xxiv. 18. 
 Feak. n.s. [peopa. Sax.] A companion. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 But fair Clarissa to a lo\e]y fear 
 Was linked, and by him had ma«y pledges dear. 
 
 Fairy Qneen. 
 
 To Fear. v.a. [peapa. Sax.] 
 
 1. To dread ; to consider with apprehen- 
 sions of terrour ; to be afraid of. 
 
 —Now, for my life, Hortensio^rars his widow. 
 
 Then never trust me if I be afraid 
 
 — You are very sensible, yet you miss my sense ; 
 
 1 mean Hortensio is afraid of you. Shakesp. 
 
 To fear the foe, since fear oppresseth strength, 
 
 Gives, in your weakness, strength unto your foe. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 
 There shall rise up a kingdom, and it shall be 
 
 feared above all the kingdoms before it. 
 
 •' 2 Esd. xii. 13, 
 
 When I view the beauties of thy face, 
 1 fear not death, nor dangers, nor disgrace. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 2. To fright ; to terrify ; to make afraid. 
 
 The inhabitants, beim; feared with the Spaniards 
 landing and burning, fleci from their dwelUn^s. 
 
 Carew. 
 
 We must not make a scarecrow of the law. 
 Setting it up to fear the birds of prey. Shakesp. 
 
 Some, sitting'on the hatches, would seem there. 
 With hideous gazing, to fear away fear. Donne. 
 
 To Fear. v. n, 
 
 1. To live in terrour ; to be afraid. 
 
 Well you may /ear too far, 
 .^— Safer than trust too far : 
 Let me still take away the arras I fear. 
 Not fear still to be harm'd. Shakesp. 
 
 If any such be here, if any /ear 
 Less for his person than an ill report ; 
 If any thing brave death ontweighs bad life.S/iafc. 
 
 2. To be anxious. 
 Then let the greedy merchant/enr 
 
 For his ill-gotten gain ; 
 
 And pray to gods that will not hear. 
 
 While the debating winds and billows bear 
 
 His wealth into the main. Dri^den's Horace. 
 
 See, pious king, with diff'rent strife. 
 Thy struggUng Albion's bosom torn : 
 
 So much she fears for William's life. 
 That JIary's fate she dare not mourn. Pnor. 
 
 Fe'arful. iidj. [fear andfull.] 
 
 Timorous; timid; easily made afraid. 
 He's gentle, and not/ea(/i;. Shakesp 
 
 Them that are of a feaijid heart. haiah 
 
 2. Afraid. It has o/" before the object of 
 
 fear. 
 
 The Irish arc mote fearful to oflend the law than 
 the English. Duvies on Ireland. 
 
 i have made my heroine/eai/u/^/ death, which 
 neither Cassandra nor Cleopatrawould have been. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Awful ; to be reverenced. 
 
 F E A 
 
 Who is like thee, glorious in holiness,/earfu( in 
 praises ! Eiodus. 
 
 4. Terrible ; dreadful ; frightful ; impres- 
 sing fear. 
 
 Neither fast to friend, nor fearful to {oe.Ascham. 
 
 Against such monsters God maintained his own, 
 hyfeaiful execution of extraordinary judgment 
 upon them. Hooker. 
 
 What God did command touching Canaan, con- 
 cerneth not us any otherwise than only as h fearful 
 pattern of his just displeasure. Hooker. 
 
 All torment, trouble, wonder, and amazement 
 Inhabits here : some heavenly power guide us 
 Out of thisji^ai/ii/ country. Shakesp. 
 
 It is &f earful thing to fall iuto the hands of the 
 living God. Heb.x.ol. 
 
 Lay flown by those pleasures t\\e fearful and 
 dangerous thunders ana lightnings, the horrible 
 and frequent earthquakes, and then there will \ e 
 found no comparison. Raleigh. 
 
 This is the natural fruit of sin, and the present 
 revenge which it takes upon sinners, besicies that 
 /irar/ii/ punishment which shall be afflicted on them 
 "in another life. Tillotson. 
 
 Fe'arfully. adv. [£rom fearful.] 
 X. Timorously; in fear. 
 
 In such a night 
 Did Tltisbe/eaj/u//v o'ertrip the dew. 
 And saw the lioii's shadow. Shakesp 
 
 2. Terribly; dreadfully. 
 
 There is a cliff, whose high and bending head 
 Looks/ear/ii/ii; on the confined deep. Shakesp. 
 Fe'arfulness. n. s. [{romfeaiful] 
 
 1. Timorousness; habitual timidity. 
 
 2. State of being afraid ; awe; dread. 
 
 Is it credible that the acknowledgment of our 
 own unworlhiness, our professed_/ear/"u/ness to ask 
 any thing, otherwise than only for his sake to whom 
 God can deny nothing, that this should be noted 
 for a popish errour ? Hooker. 
 
 A third thing that makes a government justly 
 despised, is_/(;ar/uiness of, and mean compliances 
 with, bold popular offenders. South. 
 
 FE'ARLESSLY.rtrff. [from /ear/css.] With- 
 out terrour ; intrepidly. 
 
 'Tis matter of the greatest astonishment to ob- 
 serve the stupid, yet common boldness of men, 
 who so fearlessly expose themselves to this most 
 formidable of perils. Decay cf Piety. 
 
 Fe'arlessness. n. s. [from fearless.] 
 Exemption from fear ; intrepidity ; cou- 
 rage ; boldness. 
 
 He gave instances of an invincible courage, and 
 fearlessness in danger. Clarendon. 
 
 Fe'arless. adf. [fromfear.] Free from 
 fear ; intrepid ; courageous ; bold : with 
 of before the subject. 
 
 From the ground she fearless doth arise. 
 And walketh forth without suspect of crime. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 The flaming seraph, fearless, though alone 
 Encompass'd round with foes, thus answer'd bold. 
 
 Miltm. 
 
 A nation, whose distinguishing character it is 
 
 to be more /ear(esso/ death and danger than any 
 
 other. Temple. 
 
 Feasibility, n.s. [&om feasible.] 
 
 1. Practicability. 
 
 2. A thing practicable. 
 
 Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosi- 
 ties for certainties, possibilities for feasibilities, and 
 things impossible for possibilities themselves. 
 ° "^ Brmcns Vulg. Err. 
 
 FE'ASIBLE. adj. [faisible, Fr.] Practi- 
 cable ; such as may be effected ; such as 
 
 may be done. 
 
 We conclude many things impossibilities, which 
 
 yet are easy feasibles. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Things a"re feasible in themselves ; else the eter- 
 nal wisdom of God would never have advised, 
 and much less have commanded them. Souin. 
 
 Fe'asibly. adv. [from feasible.] Practi- 
 cably. "?«>
 
 F E A 
 
 FEAST, n.s. [feste^Tr.fcstum.Lat.] 
 1 . An entertainment of the table ; a sump- 
 tuous treat of great numbers. 
 
 Here's our chief gucsl. If lie liad been forKoUen, 
 
 It liad been as a t;a|) in our grtal/eoit. Sftu/ifs/i. 
 
 On Pliaraoh's birthday he made -afeast unto all 
 
 his servants. Ctn. xl.SO. 
 
 The lady of the leaf ordain'd a.J'east, 
 And made the lady of ilie llow'r hor guest ; 
 When, lo ! a bow'r ascended on the plain. 
 With sudden seats ordain'd, and large for either 
 train. _ _ Driiden. 
 
 S. An anniversary day of rejoicing cither 
 on a civil or religious occasion. Oppo- 
 sed to a fast. 
 This day is called the_/ea5tof Cri5pian..SAaksp. 
 S. Something delicious to the palate. 
 
 fllany people would, witli reason, prefer tlie 
 gripingof^ an hungry belly to those uislies which 
 are a/east to others. Locke. 
 
 To Feast, r. n. [from the noun.] To eat 
 sumptuously ; to eat together on a day of 
 
 Richard and Northumberland, great friends, 
 Did feast top;ether. Shakesp. 
 
 The parish finds, indeed ; but our church-war- 
 dens 
 Feast on the silver, and give ns the farthings. Goy. 
 
 To Feast, v. a. 
 
 1. To entertain sumptuously ; to enter- 
 tain magnificently. 
 
 He was entertained and ^efls(c(i by the king with 
 great shew of favour. Hayward. 
 
 2. To delight ; to pamper ; to gratify lux- 
 uriously. 
 
 All these are our's, all nature's excellence, 
 Whose taste or smell can bless the feasted sense. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fe'aster. n. s. [from feast.] 
 
 1. One that fares deiiciously. 
 Those/fusfcrs could speak of great and many 
 
 excellencies in manna. Taylor. 
 
 2. One that entertains magnificently. 
 Fe'astful. adj. [feast and full.] 
 
 1 . Festive ; joyful. 
 
 The virgins also shall on feastful days 
 Visit his tomb with flowers, only bewailing 
 His lot uEifovtuiiate in nuptial choice, 
 From whence captivity and lossofe^-cs. Milton. 
 
 Therefore be sure 
 Thou, when the bridegroom with hisfeastful friend, 
 Passes to bliss at the mid-hour of night. 
 Hast gain'd thy entrance, virgin wise and pure. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Luxurious; riotous. 
 
 The suitor train 
 Who crowd his palace, and with lawless pow'r 
 His herds and flocks in feastful rites devour. Pope. 
 Fe'astrite. II. s. [feast and rite.] Cus- 
 tom observed in entertainments. 
 
 His hospitable gate, 
 Uiibarr'd to all, invites a numerous train 
 Of daily guests ; whose board with plenty crown'd. 
 Revives thefeastrites old. Philips. 
 
 Feat. n.s'. [/ai7, Fr.] 
 
 1. Act; deed; action ; exploit. 
 
 Pyrocles is his name, renowned far 
 For Ins hold feats, and hardy confidence ; 
 Full oft apjjroved in many a cruel war. Fairy Q. 
 
 Tarquin's self he met. 
 And struck him on his knee : in that day's/ea(s. 
 When he might act the woman in the scene. 
 He prov'd th' best man i' th' field. Shakesp. 
 
 Our soldiers are men of strong heads for action, 
 and perform such /eats as they are not able to ex- 
 press. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 2. A trick ; an artful, festive, or ludicrous 
 performance. 
 
 The joints are more supple to all feats of acti- 
 vity and motion in youth than afterwards. Bacon. 
 
 Feat. i/dj. [fait, bien fait, Fr. homo foe- 
 tus ad unguem.] 
 1. Ready ; skilful ; ingenious. 
 
 F E A 
 
 Never master had 
 A page 90 kin<l, so duteous, diligent ; 
 So tender over his occasions, true, 
 SoJ'eat, so nurse-like. .Shakesp. Cvmbel. 
 
 2. It is now only used in irony and con- 
 tempt. 
 
 'I'Uatfeat man at controversy. SlillingfUa. 
 
 3. Nice ; neat. 
 
 Ixjok how well my garments sit upon me, 
 Much^/t!<ifer than before. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Fe'ateou.s. adj. [from/eat.] Neat ; dex- 
 terous. Obsolete. 
 Fe'ateou.sly. adv. [fromfcatcous.] Neat- 
 ly ; dexterously. Not in use. 
 
 And with fine fincers cropt fullyeatin«/y 
 The tender stalks on hich. Spenser. 
 
 FE'ATHLR. n.s. [pe^ep, Sax. feder, 
 Germ. 
 
 1. The plume of birds. 
 
 Look, as I blow thisjeal/icr from my face. 
 
 Shah. ilenryXy. 
 
 The brave eagle does with sorrow see 
 The forest wasterl, and that lofty tree 
 Which holds her nest, about to be o'erthrown. 
 Before thefeathers of her young are grown ; 
 She will not leave them, nor she cannot Slav, 
 But bears them boldly on her wings away. 11 aZ/tr 
 
 When a man in the dark presses either comer of 
 his eye with his finger, and turns Iiis eye away 
 from his finger, he will see a circle of colours like 
 those in thc/ffl(/(ersof a peacock's tail. Neu-toji. 
 
 I am bright as an angel, and light as a feather. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 2. Kind ; nature ; species : from the pro- 
 verbial expression, bi)-ds of a feather ; 
 that is, of a species. 
 
 Clift'ord and the haught Northumberland, 
 And of then feather many more proud birds, 
 Have wrought the easy-melting king like wax. 
 
 Shak. Henrtj VI. 
 
 I am not of that /Vatfter to shake off 
 Rly friend, when ne most needs nie. Shakesp. 
 
 3. An ornament : an empty title. 
 
 i. [Upon a horse.] A sort of natural friz- 
 zling of hair, which, in some places, rises 
 above the lying hair, and there makes a 
 figure resembling the tip of an ear of 
 corn. Farriers Diet. 
 
 To Fea'ther. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To dress in feathers. 
 
 2. To fit with feathers. 
 
 3. To tread as a cock. 
 
 Dame Partiet was the sovereign of his heart ; 
 Ardent in love, outrageous in his plaj', 
 Hefeather'd her a hundred limes a-day. Dryden. 
 
 4. To enrich ; to adorn ; to exalt. 
 
 Tliey stuck not to say, that the king cared not 
 to plume his nubility aiid people, to feather him- 
 self. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 5. To feather one's A^est. [Alluding to 
 birds which collect feathers, among other 
 materials, for making their nest.] To get 
 riches together. 
 
 Fe'atherbed. n.s. [feather and bed.] 
 
 A bed stuffed with feathers ; a soft bed. 
 
 The husband cock looks out, and strait is sped. 
 
 And meets his wife, which brings her featherbed. 
 
 Dojine. 
 Fe'atherdriver. n.s. [feather and 
 drive.] One who cleanses feathers by 
 ■whisking them about. 
 
 A featherdriier had the residue of his lungs filled 
 with the fine dust or down of feathers, Derham. 
 
 Feathered, adj. [t'romfeather.] 
 1. Clothed with feathers. 
 
 I saw young Harry with his beaver on. 
 His cuisses on his thighs, gallantly arm'd, 
 Rise from the ground like /"eather'd IMercury, 
 
 Shakesp. llenrylV. 
 
 F E A 
 
 So when the new-bom phoenix first is seen, 
 Hetfeather'd subjects all adore their queen. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Dark'ning the sky, they hover o'er and shroud 
 The wanton sailors with ifeather'd cloud. Prior. 
 
 'Hien ships of uncouth form shall stem the tide, 
 AnA feather d people croud my wealthy side.P»ipe. 
 
 Vultures, harpies, ravens, ccnnoraiits, and, 
 among many ovhQt feathered creatures, several lit- . 
 tic winged boys pe'rch u{ton the middle arches. 
 
 Addiion. 
 2. Fitted with feathers ; carrying featherf. 
 
 An eagle lud the ill hap to be struck with an 
 arrow, _/ea(/uT'd from her own wing. L'Eitrange. 
 
 Not the bow they bend, nor boast the skill 
 To give ihe feathered arrow wings to kill. Pope. 
 
 Fe'athkredge. n.t. 
 
 lioards or planks that have one edge tliinner 
 than another, are called/. alAcrirfj^e stuff. Moicm. 
 
 Fe' ATH er edg ED.arf;'. [/(fa<Afr and e(/^<'.] 
 Belonging to a feather edge. 
 
 The cover must be maiie u( featheredred boards, 
 in the nature of several doors with hiniies fixed 
 thereon. Mirrtimer. 
 
 Fe'atherpew. n.s. A plant both single 
 and double ; it is increased by seeds or 
 slips, and also by dividing the roots : it 
 flowereth most part of the Summer. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 F.e'ather-gra.ss. n.s. [gramen phimo- 
 sum.] An herb. 
 
 Fe'atherless. adj. [from feather.] 
 Without feathers. 
 
 This so high grown ivy was like thal/eotAer/ej$ 
 bird, which weut about to bet plumes of other 
 bir<ls to cover his nakedness. Bowel's Vocal Forest. 
 
 Fe'athf.rly. adj. [from feather.] Re- 
 sembling feather . 
 
 The accretion or pluvious aggelation of hail 
 about the mother and fundamental atoms thereof, 
 seems lo be some/entfter/t/ particle of snow, altbo' 
 snow ilself be sexangular. Jirotcn. 
 
 Fe'atherseller. 71. s. [feather and 
 seller.] One who sells feathers for beds. 
 Feathery, adj. [ftomfeather.] Clothed 
 with feathers. 
 
 Or whistle from the lodge, or village cock 
 Count the night-watches to b'ls feathery dames. 
 
 Miltm. 
 Fe'atly. adv. [from feat.] Neatly; 
 nimblj'; dexterously. 
 
 Foot it featly here and there. 
 And sweet sprites and burthen bear. Shak.Tempestm 
 
 The moon was up, and shot a glcamy light j 
 He saw a quire of ladies in a round. 
 That /■«((]/ footing seem'd to skim the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fe'atness. n. s. [{rom feat.] Neatness ; 
 
 nicety ; dexterity. 
 Fe'ature. n.s. [/niVMrf, old Fr.] 
 
 1. The cast or make of the face. 
 
 Report the/etidirc of Octavia, her years. Shak. 
 
 2. Any lineament or single partofthe face. 
 Though ye be the fairest o( God's creatures. 
 
 Yet think that dcalli shall spoil your goodK\feu- 
 tures. Spenser. 
 
 AVe may compare the face of a great man with 
 the character, anil try if we can find out in his 
 looks and features, the hauehiy, cruel, or unmer- 
 ciful temper that discoversltself in the history. 
 .iddist-m on M&ials. 
 Though various/wtHrcs did the sisters grace, 
 A sister s likeness was in every f»ce.. iddmm'sOt. 
 
 To Fe'atlre. v. a. To resemble in coun- 
 tenance : to favour. 
 
 He liv'd in court most prais'd, most lov'd. 
 .\ sample to the yountr'st ; to tli' more mature, 
 A class that fVrttur'rf them. Shakesp. 
 
 To Fkaze. r, a. [fuise:, Fr.] 
 1 . To untwist the end of a rope, and re- 
 duce it again to its first stamina. 
 
 701
 
 F E C 
 
 2. To beat ; to whip with rods.Ainsworlh. 
 
 To Febri'citate. ti. n. \_febricilur, Lat.] 
 To be in a fever. Diet. 
 
 Febri'culose. adj. [febriculosus, Lat.] 
 Troubled with a fever. Did. 
 
 Febrifuge, n. s. [febris and fiigo, Lat. 
 Jebrifiige, Fr.] Any medicine service- 
 able in a frver. Quincy. 
 Bitters, like clioler, arc tlie best sanfiuifiers, and 
 also the l)esl_/e6)7/l/^es. Floppy onthc Humours. 
 
 Febrifuge, adj. Having the power to 
 cure fevers. 
 
 Febrifuge draughts had a most surprising good 
 effect.' Arbiithnot. 
 
 Febrile, ndj. [febrilis, Lat.fibrile,¥i:] 
 Constituting a fever ; proceeding from a 
 fever. 
 
 Tlie spirits, embroiled with tlic malignity in the 
 blood, and tureid and tumificd l>^ tlieyirtri/e fer- 
 mentation, arel)V plilebutomy relieved. Jlarvey. 
 
 Fe'bruary. n. s. [Febru<a-ius, Lat.] The 
 name of the second month in tlie year. 
 
 Yon have such a Febnimy face, 
 So full of frost, of storm, and cloudiness ! Sliak. 
 Fe'ces. n.s. [/fPcfs, Lat. /f CCS, Fr.] 
 
 1. Dregs; lees; sediments; subsidence. 
 
 Hence the surface of the ground with mud 
 And slime hesmear'd, tiie/eees of the flood 
 Receiv'd the rays of heav'n; and sucking in 
 I'he seeds of heat, new creatures did begin. Dryd. 
 
 2. Excrement. 
 'I'he sy nijUoms of such a constitution are a sour 
 
 smel] in than feces. Arbnthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Fe'culency: ] "• '• U'^cukntia,L-^t.-\ 
 
 1. IMuddiness ; quality of abounding with 
 lees or sediment. 
 
 2. Lees; feces; sediment; dregs. 
 
 Pour upon it some very strong lee, to facilitate 
 the separation oiiisfeciilencks. Boyle. 
 
 Whether tlie wilding's fibres arecontriv'd 
 To draw tli' earth's purest spirit, and resist 
 Its fecuk'ncCy wlilch in more porous stocks 
 Of c^der plants iinds passable free. Philips. 
 
 Feculent, adj. [/(eculottus, hai./ecn- 
 /en^ Fr.] Foul; dreggy; excrementi- 
 tious. 
 
 But botii iiis hands, most dlthy feculent, 
 Above the water were on high extent, 
 And fain'd to wash themselves incessantly, 
 Yet nothing cleaner were for such intent. Fairy Q. 
 
 They are to the body as the light of a candle to 
 
 the gross :\nd feculent snuff, which as it is not pent 
 
 up in it, so neither doth ilpartakeof its impurity. 
 
 Glunv. Ajiologq. 
 
 FE'CUND. adj. [fcecundus, Lat, Jtcond, 
 Fr.] Fruitful ; prolifick. 
 
 Tlie more 3ickl3'^ the years are, the \gss fecund or 
 fruitful of children also they be, Graunt. 
 
 Fecunda'tion. n.s, [fa-cundo, Lat.] 
 The act of making fruitful or prolifick. 
 
 Siie requested these plants as a medicine of fe- 
 cundation, or to make her fruitful. Broun. 
 
 To Fecu'ndify. v.a. To make fruitful ; 
 
 to make prolifick. Diet. 
 
 Fecu'ndity. n.s, [from fecund ; fccon- 
 
 ditc, Fr.] 
 
 1. Fruitfulness ; quality of producing or 
 bringing forth in great abundance. 
 
 I appeal to the animal and vegetable produc- 
 tions of the earth, the vast numbers whereof no- 
 toriously testify the extreme luxuriance and fe- 
 cundity of it. Woodward. 
 
 2. Power of producing or bringing forth. 
 
 Some of the ancients mention some seeds that 
 retain their/ecu7i(iiti/ forty years ; and I have found 
 that melon-seeds, after thirty years, are best for 
 raising of melons. i^^u- , 
 
 FEE 
 
 God could never create so ample a world, but 
 lie could have made a bigger ; ihefecumVUy of ids 
 creative power never prowing barren, nor beinj^ 
 exhausted. Bentley. 
 
 Fed. Preterite and participle pass, of To 
 feed. 
 
 For on the grassy verdure as he lay. 
 And breath'd the freshness of the early day. 
 Devouring dogs the helpless infant tore, 
 Fed on his trembling limbs, and lapp'd the gore. 
 
 Fope. 
 Fe'dary. n.s. [JivduSthat. or from feu- 
 dum.'] This word, peculiar to Shake- 
 speare, may signify either a confederate ; 
 a partner ; or a dependent. 
 
 Damn'd pajjer ! 
 Black as the ink that's on thee, senseless bauble ! 
 Art thou a fedarij fur this act, and lookest 
 So virgin-like without ? Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Fe'deral. adj. [from fa'dus, Lat.] Re- 
 lating to a league or contract. 
 
 It is a federal rite betwi.xt God and us. as eating 
 and drinking, both among Jews and Heathi ns, 
 was wont to \te. Hamm. 
 
 The Romans compelled them, contrary to all 
 federal right and justice, both to part with Sardi- 
 nia, their lawful territory, and also to pay them 
 for the future a double tribute. Grew. 
 
 Fe'derary. n.s. [from fcedus, Lat.] A 
 confederate ; an accomplice. 
 
 She's a traitor, and Camillo is 
 A^/ederari/with her. Shakesp. 
 
 Fe'derate. adj. [fcederatus, Lat.] 
 Leagued ; joined in confederacy. 
 
 FEE. 71. s. [peoh, Sax. fee, Danish, cattle; 
 feudum, low Lat. feu, Scottish.] 
 
 1 . [In law.] All lands and tenements that 
 are held by any acknowledgment of su- 
 periority to a higher lord. All lands and 
 tenements, wherein a man hath a perpe- 
 tual estate to him and his heirs, &c. are 
 divided into allodium and feudum : al- 
 lodium is every man's own land, which 
 he possesses merely in his own right, 
 without acknowledgment of any service, 
 or payment of any rent to any other. 
 Feudum, or fee, is that which we hold by 
 the benefit of another, and in name 
 whereof we owe services, or pay rent, or 
 both, to a superior lord. And all our 
 land in England, the crown-land, which 
 is in the king's own hands, in right of 
 his crown, excepted, is in the nature of 
 feudum ; for though a man have land 
 by descent from his ancestors, or bought 
 it for his money ; yet is the land of such 
 a nature, that it cannot come to any, 
 either by descent or purchase, but with 
 the burthen that was laid upon him who 
 had novel fee, or first of all received 
 it as a benefit from his lord, to him and 
 to all such to whom it might descend, or 
 be any way conveyed from him. So that 
 no man in England has directum domi- 
 nium, that is, the very property or de- 
 mesne in any land, but the prince in 
 right of his crov/n : for though he that has 
 fee has jus perpetuumet utile dominium, 
 yet he owes a duty for it, and therefore 
 it is not simply his own. Fee is divided 
 into two sorts ; /te-absolute, otherwise 
 called /ec-simple, and yef-conditional, 
 otherwise termed /ee-tail ! — /cc-simple 
 
 FEE 
 
 is that whereof we are seised in those 
 general words, To us and our heirs for 
 ever : /fc-tail is that whereof we are 
 seised to us and our heirs, with limita- 
 tion ; that is, the heirs of our body. And 
 fee-tail is either general or special : ge- 
 neral is where land is given to a man, 
 and the heirs of his body : /ec-tail spe- 
 cial, is that where a man and his wife are 
 seised of land to them and the heirs of 
 their two bodies. Cowe.l. 
 
 Now like a lawyer, when he land would let. 
 Or selljee-simples in his master's name. 
 
 Hubbert'sTate. 
 
 Here s the lord of the soil come to seize me for 
 
 a stray, for entering his /ee-simple without leave. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. VI. 
 
 2. Property ; peculiarity. 
 
 What concern they ? 
 The general cause ; or is it a/ee-grief. 
 Due to some single breast ? Shakesp. 
 
 3. Reward ; gratification ; recompense. 
 These be the w ays by which, without reward, 
 
 Livings in courts he gotten, though full hard ; 
 i'oT nothing there is done without a/i;e. Hubbert. 
 
 Not helping, death's my _/ee; 
 But if I help what do you promise me ? Shakesp, 
 
 4. Payments occasionally claimed by per- 
 sons in office. 
 
 Now that God and friends 
 Have turn'd my captive state to liberty. 
 At our enlargement what are thy dueyees? 
 
 Shakesp. HenryYl. 
 
 5. Reward paid to physicians or lawyers. 
 He does not refuse doing a good otTice for a 
 
 man, because he cannot pay"the_/ee of it. Addison. 
 0. Portion; pittance; share. Obsolete. 
 In pruning and trimmhig all manner of trees, 
 
 Reserve to each cattle tlieir property fees. Tusser. 
 Fe'efarm. n. s. [fee audfarm.] Tenure 
 
 by which lands are held from a superiour 
 
 lord. 
 John surrendered his kingdoms to the pope, and 
 
 took them hack again, to hold infeefarm ; which 
 
 brought him into such hatred, as all his lifetime 
 
 after tie was possest with fear. Davies. 
 
 To Fee. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 L To reward ; to pay. 
 
 No man fees the sun, no man purchases the 
 light, nor errs if he walks by it. South. 
 
 Watch the disease in time ; for when within 
 The dropsy raf^es, and extends the skin. 
 In vain for hellebore the patient cries, 
 And fees the doctor ; but too late is wise. Dryden. 
 
 2. To bribe ; to hire; to purchase. 
 
 I have long loved her, and ingrossed opportu- 
 nities lomect her ; feed every slight occasion, that 
 could but niggardly give me sight of her. Shah. 
 
 3. To keep in hire. 
 
 There is not a thane of them but in his house 
 I have a servant feed. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 FE'LBLE. adj. [foihlc, Fr.] Weak; de- 
 bilitated ; sickly ; infirm ; without 
 strength of body or mind. 
 
 The men carried all thi^ feeble upon asseg to Je- 
 richo. 2 Chron, 
 
 Command th' assistance of a faithful friend, 
 JiiiX feeble are the succours I can send. Dryden. 
 
 How I have lov'd, excuse my falt'ring tongue ; 
 JMy spirits feeble, and my pains are strong. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 We carry the image of God in us, a rational 
 and immortal soul ; and though we be now mise- 
 rable and feeble, yet we aspire after eternal happi- 
 ness, and finally expect a great exaltation of all 
 our natural powers. Bentley. 
 
 Rhyme is a crutch that helps the weak along. 
 Supports the/ee/)/e, but retards the strong. Smith. 
 
 To Fe'eble. r. a. [from the noun,] To 
 weaken; to enfeeble; to deprive of 
 strength or power. Not in use. 
 
 702
 
 FEE 
 
 Or as a castle reared high and round, 
 By subtile engines and malicious slight 
 
 "Is undermined from the lowest ground. 
 And her foundation forc'd ami J'eebUd quite. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Shall that victurious hand he J'ecbUd here, 
 That in jour chambers gave you chastisement ? 
 Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Feeblemi'nded. adj. [feeble and mind.] 
 Weak of mind ; defective in resolution 
 and constancy. 
 
 Warn them that are unruly, comfort the /«()/<■- 
 minded, support the «eak, be patient toward all 
 men. 1 Thcss. 
 
 Fe'ebleness. n.s. [from /ffj/e.] Weak- 
 ness ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of 
 strength. 
 
 A better head Rome's glorious body fits. 
 Than his that shakes for age andfrehleness. Shak. 
 
 Some in their latter years, through the feebk- 
 ne/sof their limbs, have been forced to stuily up- 
 on their knees. Sim(/i. 
 
 Fe'ebly. adv. [from /fe6/f .] Weakly; 
 without strength. 
 
 Like mine, thy gentle nurabers/feft/v creep, 
 Thy tragic rause gives smiles, thy coraick sleep. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To FEED. V. a. [fodaii, Gotii. peban, 
 poeban. Sax.] 
 
 1 . To supply with food. 
 
 Her heart and bowels through her back he drew, 
 And/e<i the hounds that help'd him to pursue. 
 
 Drijden. 
 Boerhaave^d a sparrow with bread four days, 
 in which time it eat more than its own weight. 
 
 ArbuthnotmDiiit. 
 
 2. To supply ; to furnish. 
 
 A constant smoke rises from the warm springs, 
 that feed the many baths with which the island is 
 stocked. Addison. 
 
 The breadth of the bottom of the hopper must 
 be half the length of a barleycorn, and near as 
 long as the rollers, that it maV not feed them too 
 fast. ^fortimers Husbandry. 
 
 3. To graze ; to consume by cattle. 
 
 Once in three years /et<i your mowing lands, 
 if you cannot get manure constantly to keep them 
 in heart. Morlimcr. 
 
 The frost will spoil the grass ; for which reason 
 take care tofeed it close before Winter. 
 
 Mortimers Husbandry. 
 
 4. To nourish ; to cherish. 
 
 How oft from pomp and state did I remove, 
 Tofeed despair, and cherish hopeless love .' 
 
 Prior. 
 
 5. To keep in hope or expectation. 
 
 Barbarossa learned the strength of the emperor, 
 craftilyyecdni^ him witli the hope of liberty. 
 
 KnoUes. 
 
 6. To delight ; to entertain ; to keep from 
 satiety. 
 
 The alteration of scenes, so it be without noise, 
 feeds and relieves the eye, before it be full of the 
 same object. Bacon. 
 
 7. To make fat. A provincial use. 
 To Feed. i-. n. 
 
 1. To take food. Chiefly applied to ani- 
 mals food. 
 
 To/cf(Jwere best at home; 
 From thence the sawce to meet is ceremony; 
 Meeting were bare without it. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 2. To prey : to live by eating. 
 
 I am not covetous of gold ; 
 Nor care 1, who doth feed upon my cost. Shak. 
 
 You cry against the noble senate, who, 
 Under the gods, keep you in awe, which else 
 \Vould /eeJon one another. Shakesp. Coriotanus. 
 
 Galen speaketh of the curing of the scirrlms 
 of the liver by milk of a cow, thatfeedeth upon 
 certain herbs. Bacon. 
 
 Some birds feed upon the benies of this vege- 
 table. Broim. 
 
 FEE 
 
 He feeds on fruits, which of their own accord. 
 The willing grounds and laden trees afford. l)ryd. 
 
 The Brachmans were all of the same race, lived 
 in fields and woods, and^ed only upon rice, milk, 
 or herbs. Temple. 
 
 AW feed on one vain patron, and enjoy 
 Th' extensive blessing of his luxury. Pope. 
 
 3. To pasture ; to place cattle to feed. 
 
 If a man shall cause a field to be eaten, and 
 shall put in his beast, and sIihII feed in another 
 man's field, he shall make restitution. Ei. xxii. v. 
 
 4. To grow fat or plump. A provincial 
 use. 
 
 Feed. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Food ; that which is eaten. 
 
 A fearful deer then looks most about when he 
 comes to the best feed, with a shrugging kind of 
 tremour through all her principal parts. Sidney. 
 
 An old worked ox fats as well as a young one, 
 their feed is much cheaper, because they eat no 
 oats. Mortimers Husbandry. 
 
 2. Pasture. 
 
 Besides his cote, his flocks and bounds of feed 
 Are now on sale. Shakesp. Asyou (ike it. 
 
 3. Meal; act of eating. 
 
 Plenty hung » 
 
 Tempting so nigh, to pluck and eat my fill 
 1 sjiared not : for sucn pleasure till that hour 
 At feed or fountain never had I found. Milton. 
 
 Fe'eder. n. s. [from/ffrf.] 
 1. One that gives food. 
 
 The beast obeys his keeper, and looks up. 
 Not to his master's, but his /ee</er's hand, Denh. 
 •2. An exciter ; an encourager. 
 
 When thou do'st hear 1 am as I have been. 
 Approach mo, and thou shalt be as thou was't. 
 The tutor and the^ecJerof my riots. Shakesp. 
 
 3. One that eats. 
 
 \V'ith eager feeding food doth cboak the feeder. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But that our feasts 
 In every mess have folly, and tht; feeders 
 Jest with it as a custom, I should blush 
 To see you so attired. Shakesp. 
 
 We meet in Aristotle with one kind of thrusli, 
 called the missel thrush, orfeeder upon misselto. 
 Bron-n's Vulg. Err. 
 
 4. One that eats in a certain mode; as, a 
 nice feeder, a ^rossfeeder. 
 
 But such fine feeders are no guests for me ; 
 Riot agrees not with frugality : 
 
 Then, that unfashionable man am I, 
 With me they'd starve for want of ivory. Dryd. 
 
 To FEEL. pret. /e/^; part, ^ass.felt, v. n. 
 [pelan, Sax.] 
 
 1 . To have perception of things by the 
 
 touch. 
 
 The sense of feeling can give us auction of ex- 
 tension, shape, and all other ideas that enter at 
 the eye, except colours. Addison sSpcct. 
 
 2. To search by feeling. See Feeler. 
 
 They should seek the Lord, if happily they 
 might jfc( after him, and find him. Acts. 
 
 3. To have a quick sensibility of good or 
 evil, right or wrong. 
 
 Man, whuficls for all mankind. Pope, 
 
 i. To appear to the touch. 
 
 Blind men say black_/(;cb rough, and white/fcij 
 smooth. Drydcn. 
 
 Of these tumours one/ct/.s flaccid and nimjiled ; 
 the other more even, flatulent and springy .SAarp. 
 
 To Feel. v. a. 
 
 1. To perceive by the touch. 
 
 Sutler me that I may feel the pillars. Judges. 
 
 2. To try ; to sound. 
 
 He liaili writ this to feci my affection to your 
 honour. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To have perception of. 
 
 I'he air is so thin, that a bird has therein no 
 feeling of her wings, or any resistance of air to 
 mount herself by. Raleigh. 
 
 FEE 
 
 4. To have sense of external pain or plea- 
 sure. 
 
 Nor did they not perceive the evil plight 
 In which they were, or the 6erce pains uotfett. 
 
 MUton. 
 But why ihould those be thought lo 'scape, who 
 feel 
 Those rods of scorpioiu and thoae whips of steel ' 
 
 Creech. 
 
 5. To be affected by ; to perceive mentally. 
 
 Woulii I had never trod this English earth, 
 Otfelt the flatteries that grow upon it! 
 
 SAaA. Henry nit. 
 The well-sung woes shall sooth my pensive 
 ghost ; 
 He best can paint them who can/efl them most. 
 
 Pope. 
 Not youthful kings in battle se'iz'd alive, 
 "E^etfelt such grief, such terrour, and despair. 
 
 Ptrce. 
 
 6. To know; to be acquainted with. 
 His overthrow heap'd happiness upon him ; 
 
 For then, and not till then, \\efelt himself, 
 And found the blessedness of being little. 
 
 Sliakesp. HenryX^ll. 
 
 Feel. n. s. [from the verb.] The sense 
 of feeling ; the touch. 
 
 The diiference of tlicse tumours will be distin- 
 guished by the feel. SKarp^s Surgery. 
 
 Feeler, n. s. [frora/«/.] 
 
 1 . One that feels. 
 
 Tills hand, whose touch, 
 Whose cv'ry touch would force the feeler's soul 
 To th' oath uf loyalty. Shakesp. Cyinbeiine. 
 
 2. The horns or antennae of insects. 
 
 Insects clean their eyes with their foielegs as 
 well as antcnnse ; and as'they are perpetually feel- 
 ing and searching before them with their^f«/en i^r 
 anteunre, I nm apt to think that besides wij.i..|; 
 and cleaning the eyes, the uses here named n. ly 
 be admitted^ ' Vt.rham'sPhysico-TheoL>gy. 
 
 Fe'eling. participial adj. [from/«/.] 
 
 1 . Expressive of great sensibility. 
 
 O wretclied state of man in self-division ! 
 O w-ell thou say'st a feeling declriration 
 'fhy tongue hath made of Cupid's deep incision ! 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Tli^- wailing words do much my spirits move. 
 They nttered^are in such a/«^"n^ fash'ion. Sidney. 
 
 Write 'till vour ink be dry, and with your tears 
 -\Ioist it agafn ; and frame lomo feeling line. 
 That may discover such integrity. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Sensibly felt. This sense is not suffi- 
 ciently analogical. 
 
 .\ most poor man made tame to fortune's blows, 
 Who, by tlie art of known and/«ii«g sorrows, 
 Ain pregnant to good pity. Shakesp. 
 
 1 had afeetint; sense 
 Of all your royal favours ; but this last 
 Strike:! through m\ heart. Southeme. 
 
 Feeling, n.s. [trom/«/.] 
 
 1 . The sense of touch. 
 
 Why was the sight 
 To such a tender ball as th' eye confin'd ; 
 So obvious and so easy to I.e oiiench'd, 
 .And not, as /«/in», through ;.li j>arts ditfus'd. 
 That she might look at will through every pore ? 
 
 Jfilt™. 
 
 2. Power of action upon sensibility. 
 
 The apprehension of tlie ^ood. 
 Gives but the greater ftt/in^ to the worse. 
 
 Shakesp. Hichard II. 
 
 3. Perception ; sensibility. 
 
 Their king, out of a princely /«/i«f, was spar- 
 ing and compassii'iiatc towards his subjects. Boom. 
 
 Great persons bad need to borrow other men's 
 opinions to think themselves happy : for if they 
 judge by their ovnfeeling, they cannot find it. 
 
 BaCi^. 
 
 As we learn what belongs to the body by the 
 evidence of sense, so we learn what belongs to the 
 soul by an inward consciousness which^mav tie 
 called a sort of internal ^ftfi/i^ iCcfi*. 
 
 703
 
 F E I 
 
 Fe'eungly. adv. \^vom feeling.'] 
 1. With expression of great sensibility. 
 
 The princes micht judge that he meant himself, 
 who spake saJee/tHir/y. Sidney. 
 
 He wttiiic! not have talked so feelingly of Co- 
 drus'b bed, if there had been ruom for a bedfellow 
 in it. Vi^pe. 
 
 *2. So as to be sensibly felt 
 
 }Irre feel we but the penalty of Adam, 
 The season's ditfercncc ; as the ic^' phang, 
 And churlish cliiding of the Winter's wind, 
 Which when it bites and blows upon my body, 
 Ev'n till I shrink with cold, I smile and say, 
 I'his is no flattery : these are counsellors, 
 Tliat/'cc/i/ip/y persuade me what I am. Shakesp. 
 
 He feelinglv knew, and Imd trial of the late 
 good, and of tiie new purchased evil. Raleigh. 
 FEET. n.5. The plural of /oof. 
 
 His brother's image to liis mind appears. 
 Inflames his heart with rage, and wings hhfcet 
 with fears. Pope. 
 
 Fe'etless. fl^'. [fromfeet,] Being with- 
 out feet. 
 
 GcofTrey of Boulloin broched ihreefeetless birds, 
 called Allerions, upon his arrow. Camden. 
 
 To FEIGN, v.a. [feindre^Fr, fingo^Lat.] 
 
 1. To invent; to image by an act of the 
 mind. 
 
 Abominable, inutterable, and worse 
 Than fables yet have feign' d, or fear conceiv'd, 
 Gorgoiis, and Iiydras) and chimaeras dire \Milton. 
 
 No such things are done as thou sa3'est, but 
 thou feignedst them out of thine own heart. 
 
 Neh. vi. 8. 
 
 2. To make a show of. 
 
 Both his hands, most filthy feculent, 
 Above the water were on high extent, 
 And feigned to wash themselves incessantly. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 3. To make a shew of; to do upon some 
 false pretence. 
 
 Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, 
 Then hid in shades, eludes her eager swain ; 
 
 'But feigns a laugh to see me search around, 
 And by that laugh the willing fair is found. Pope. 
 
 4. To dissemble ; to conceal. Now obso- 
 lete. 
 
 Each trembling leaf and whistling wind they 
 hear, 
 
 As ghastly bug their hair on end does rear ; 
 Yet both do strive their fearfulness to feign. 
 
 Fairy Q. 
 
 To Feign, r.w. To relate falsely ; to image 
 from the invention; to tell fabulously. 
 
 Therefore the poet 
 Did f:ign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and 
 
 floods ; 
 Since nou^iht so stockish, hard, and full of rage, 
 But rausick for the time doth change his nature. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Fe'ignedly. adv. [from feign,] In fic- 
 tion ; not truly. 
 
 Such is found to have been iahe\y and feignedly 
 in some of the heathens. Bacon. 
 
 Feigner. 7i, s. [from feign.] Inventer; 
 contriver of a fiction. 
 
 And these three voices differ ; all the things 
 dune, the doing and the doer ; the thing feigned, 
 the feigning and the feigner ; so the poem, the 
 poesy, and the poet. BenJomon. 
 
 Feint, participial adj. [from /i'l^n, for 
 
 feigned ; or feinty Fr.] Counterfeit ; 
 
 seeming. 
 
 The mind by degrees loses its natural relish of 
 real, solid truth, and is reconciled insensitily to 
 any thing that can be but dressed up into any 
 feint appearance of it. Locke. 
 
 Feint, n.s. [/Wm/, Fr.] 
 1. A false appearance; an offer of some- 
 thing not intended to be. 
 
 F E L 
 
 Courtly's letter is but b. feint to get off. Sped. 
 2. A mock assault ; an appearance of aim- 
 ing at one part, when another is intend- 
 ed to be struck. 
 
 But, in the breast encamji'd, prepares 
 For well-bredJt'nUs and future wars. Prior. 
 
 Fe'landers. 71, s. Worms in hawks. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 To FELl'CITATE. v. a. [feliciter, Fr. 
 felicitOy Lat.] 
 
 1 . To make happy. 
 
 1 profess 
 Myself an enemy to all other joys*, 
 And find I ara alone /e/ici(fl(e 
 In your dear highness' love. Shakesp. 
 
 What a glorious entertainment and pleasure 
 would fill ?L\\<\ felicitate his spirit, if lie could grasp 
 all in a single survey. Watts. 
 
 2. To congratulate. 
 
 They might proceed unto forms of speeches, 
 felicitating the good, or depreciating the evil to 
 'follow. Brown. 
 
 Felicita'tion. n.s. \Vt, from felicitaie,] 
 
 Congratulation. Did. 
 
 FELl'CITOUS. adj. [/e//.r, Lat.] Happy. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Feli'citously. adv. [fi-om felicitous.] 
 
 Happily. Did, 
 
 Feli'city. n.s. [felicifas, l.B.t. felicite, 
 
 Fr.] Happiness ; prosperity ; blissful- 
 
 ness; blessedness. 
 
 The joyous day, dear Lord, with joy begin. 
 And grant that wt-, for whom thou didest die. 
 Being with thy dear blood clean wash'd from sin. 
 May live for ever infelicitU' Spenser s Sonnets. 
 
 Others in virtue piac'd felicity ; 
 But virtue join'd with riches and long life, 
 In corporal pleasure he, and careless ease. Mdton. 
 The felicities of her wonderful reign may be 
 complete. Attcrbury. 
 
 How great, how glorious a felicity, how ade- 
 quate to the desires of a reasonable nature, is re- 
 vealed to our hopes in the gospel. Bogers. 
 
 Fe'line. n.s. [felinus, Lat.] Like a cat; 
 pertaining to a cat. 
 
 Even as in the beaver ; from which he differs 
 
 f)rincipally in his teeth, which are canine, and in 
 lis tail, which is feline, or a long taper. Crew. 
 
 FELL. adj. [pelle, Sax.] 
 
 1. Cruel; barbarous ; inhuman. 
 
 It seemed fury, discord, raadness^c//, 
 flew from his lap when he unfolds the same. 
 
 Faiifax. 
 Sofellesi foes. 
 Whose passions and whose plots have broke their 
 
 sleep. 
 To take the one the other, by some chance. 
 Some trick not worth an egg, shall grow dear 
 friends. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Savage; ravenous; bloody. 
 That instant was I turn'd into a hart, 
 
 And my desires, Uke fell and cruel hounds, 
 E'er since pursue me. Shak. Twelfth Night. 
 
 I know tnec, love ! wild as the raging main. 
 More fell than tygers on the Lybian plain. Pope. 
 
 Scorning ail the taming arts of m:m. 
 The keen hy em, fellest of the^e^i. Thomson. 
 
 Fell. n. s. [pelle, Sax.] The skin ; the 
 hide. Not used. 
 
 Wipe thine eye ; 
 The goujers shall devour them, flesh and fell. 
 Ere ttiey shall make us weep. Shakesv. 
 
 1 he time has been my senses would have cool d 
 To hear a night-shriek ; and my fell of hair 
 Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir. Shak. 
 
 To Fell. v. a. [fellen, Germ.] 
 
 1 , To knock down ; to bring to the ground. 
 
 Villain, stand, or VWfell thee down. S)takesp. 
 Up and down he traverses his ground ; 
 Now wards afelling blow, now strikes again. X)an. 
 
 F E L 
 
 Taking the small end of his musket in his hand, 
 he struck htm on the head with the stock, and 
 felled him. Raleigh. 
 
 His fall, for the present, struck an earthquake 
 into all minds; nor could the vulgar be induced 
 to believe he was felled. Howel. 
 
 On their whole host I flew 
 Unarm'd, and with a trivial weapon /i?/rrf 
 Tlieir choicest youth : they only liv d who fled. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. It seems improperly joined with down 
 or along. 
 
 Whom with such force he struck he felVd him 
 dovm, 
 And cleft the circle of his golden crown. i?ri/rfen. 
 
 Ifell'd along a man of bearded face. 
 His limbs all cover'd with a ihining case, Dryden. 
 5. To hew down; to cut down. 
 
 Then would he seem a farmer that would sell 
 Bargains of woods, which he did lately fell. Hubb. 
 
 Proud Arcite and fierce Palamon, 
 In mortal battle, doubling blow on blow ; 
 Like lightning flam'ri their faulchions to and fro, 
 Andshot a dreadful gleam; so strong they struck. 
 There seem'd less force requir'd to fell an oak. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fell. The preterite of To fall. 
 
 None on their feet might stand. 
 Though standing else as rocks, but down they fell 
 By thousands, angel on archangel roird. Mi/toj?. 
 Fe'ller. W.5. [frora fell.] One that hews 
 down . 
 
 Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up 
 against us. Is. xiv. 8. 
 
 Felli'fluous. adj. [fel and Jluo. Lat.] 
 Flowing with gall. Did, 
 
 Fe'llmonger, n-^. [from fell.] A deal- 
 er in hides. 
 
 Fe'llness. n. s. [from fell.] Cruelty; 
 savageness ; fury ; rage. 
 
 When his brother saw the red blood trail 
 Adown so fast, and all his armour steep, 
 For very fellness loud he 'gan to weep.FairyQueen. 
 
 Felloe. ??. s. [felge^ Dan.] The cir- 
 cumference of a wheel ; the outward 
 part. It is often written fallj/ or fellj/. 
 
 Out, out, thou strumpet Fortune! all you gods, 
 In general synod, take away her power ; 
 Break all the spokes andfetlies from her wheel. 
 And bowl the round nave down the hill of heav'n. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Axle-trees, naves, felloes and spokes were all 
 
 molten. Kings. 
 
 FE'LLOW. n. s. [quasi to follow, Min- 
 
 shew ; from pe faith, and lag bound. 
 
 Sax. JuTiius ifalloiv, Scottish.] 
 
 1. A companion; one with whom we 
 consort. 
 
 In youth I had twelve/c//on'5 like unto myself, 
 but not one of them came to a good end. Ascham, 
 
 To be your fellow. 
 You may deny rae : but I'll be your servant, 
 Whether you will or no. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Have we not plighted each our holy oath. 
 That one should be the common good of both ; 
 One soul should both inspire, and neither prove 
 His fellow's hindrance in pursuit of love ? Dryden, 
 
 2. An associate; one united in the sam« 
 
 affair. 
 
 Each on h'lsfelhw for assistance calls ; 
 At length the fatal fabrick mounts the walls. 
 
 Dryden s VirgU 
 
 3. One of the same kind. 
 
 Let partial spirits still aloud complain, 
 Think themselves injur'd that they cannot reign , 
 And own no liberty, but where they may 
 Without controul upon thehfelUncs prey. WalUr. 
 
 A shepherd had one favourite dog : he fed hitn 
 with his own hand, and took more care of liira 
 than of his fellows. L'Estrange. 
 
 4. Equal ; peer. 
 
 So you are to be hereaftec/el/ou'5, and no longer 
 servants. Sidney. 
 
 704
 
 F E L 
 
 Chieftain of tlie rest 
 I chose him here : thi? earth simil him allow ; 
 His fellows late, shall be his subjects now. Fairfai. 
 
 5. One thing suited to another; one of a 
 pair. 
 
 When virtue is lodged in a body, that seems to 
 have been prepared fur tlie reception <»f vice ; the 
 soul and the bnd_y do not seem to hv fellows. 
 
 Addiwn's Spectator. 
 
 6. One like or equal to another; as, this 
 knave hath not hk fellow. 
 
 1. A familiar appellation used sometitnes 
 with fondness ; sometimes with esteem ; 
 but generally with some degree of con- 
 tempt. 
 
 This is Otliello's ancient, as I take it. 
 —The same indeed ; a very valiant^e//i)U'. Shakcsp. 
 
 An oflicer was in daiitur to have lt>st iiis place, 
 but his wife made his peace ; whereupon a plea- 
 sant /irZ/inu said, tliat lie had been crushed, but 
 that Fie saved himself upon his horns. Bacon. 
 
 Full fifteen thousand lusty /WW-s 
 With fire and sword llie furl maintain; 
 Each was a Hercules, you tell us, 
 Yet out they march'd like common men. Prior. 
 
 8. A word of contempt : the foolish mor- 
 tal ; the mean wretch ; the sorry rascal. 
 
 Those great JcUous scumfuliy receiving them, 
 as foolishl)irds'fallon into their net, it pleased the 
 eternal Justice to make them sutler death by their 
 hands. Sidney. 
 
 Cassio hath here hren set on in the dark 
 By Rodorigo, and^i;//ou's that are 'scap'd. Shahcsp. 
 
 I have great comfort from iWis fellow : methinks 
 he hath no drowning mark about him ; his com- 
 pleiion is [.erfect gallows. Shakesp. Tempest, 
 
 Opinion, that did help me to the crown. 
 Had still kept loyal to possession ; 
 And let me in reputeless banishment, 
 a\. fellow of no mark or likelihood. Shakesp. 
 
 How oft tlie sight of means, to do ill deeds, 
 ISIakes deeds ill done? for had'sttliou not been by, 
 A fellow by the hand of nature mark'd. 
 Quoted, and sign'd to do a deed of siiame, 
 Ihis murder had not come into my mind. Shakesp. 
 The Moor's abus'd by some most villaiiious knave, 
 Some base notorious knave, some scxixvy fellow ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The ^c//oui had taken more fish than he could 
 ipeiid while they were sweet. L'Estrange. 
 
 As next of kin, Achilles' arms 1 claim ; 
 This fellow would ingraft a foreign name 
 Upon our stock, and the Sisypliian seed 
 By fraud and iheft asserts his father's breed. Dryd. 
 
 *Vou will wonder how such an ordinary ^e/Zom, 
 as this Mr. Wood, could have got his Majesty's 
 broad seal. Swft. 
 
 You'll find, if once the monarch acts the monk. 
 Or, cobler-like, the parson will be drunk. 
 Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow ; 
 The rest is all but leather and prunella. Pope. 
 
 9. Sometimes it implies a mixture of pity 
 with contempt. 
 
 The iirovost commanded his men to hang him 
 up on tnc nearest tree: then the fellow cried out 
 that he was not the miller, but the miller's man. 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 10. A member of a college that shares its 
 revenues, or of any incorporated society. 
 
 There should be a mission of three of the /W/oics 
 or brethren of Solomon's house, to give usknow- 
 ledee of the affairs and state of those countries to 
 which they were designed. Bacon. 
 
 To Fe'llow. r. a. To suit with ; to pair 
 with; to match. Fellow is often used 
 in composition to mark community of 
 nature, station, or employment. 
 
 Imagination, 
 With what's unreal, thou co-active art, 
 And fellow'st notliing. Shakesp. 
 
 Fellow-commoner, n. s. 
 
 I . O ne who has the same right of common. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F E L 
 
 He cannot appropriate, he cannot inclose, with- 
 out the consent of all his fellow-commoners, all 
 mankind, J^vke. 
 
 2. A commoner at Cambridf^e of the higher 
 
 order, who dines with the fellows. 
 Fellow-creature, n. s. One that has 
 the same creator. 
 
 Reason is the glory of human nature, and onci»f 
 
 the chief emincncies whereby we are raised above 
 
 o\xi fellow-creatiLreSt the brutes, in this lowerworld. 
 
 Watts's Lnirick, Introduction. 
 
 Fe'llow-he? R. n..s. Coheir; partner cf 
 tlie same inhrrltance. 
 
 I'he Gentile-* should )ie fellow-heirs. F.ph. iii. 6. 
 
 Fellow-iik'lprr. 7/. s. Coadjutor; one 
 who concurs in the same burliness. 
 
 We ought to receive such, that we mitiht be 
 fellow-helpers to the milh. 3JoAn,8. 
 
 FELLow-LABotRtn. w. .v. One who la- 
 bours in the same design. 
 
 My Jcllow-litbotirers have C"inmi'sioncd me to 
 perform in their behalf this office of <ledicati<»n. 
 
 DrydensJuvrwil, Ded. 
 
 Fellow-servant, n. s^ One that has 
 the same master. 
 
 Nor less think we in heav'ji of thee on earth. 
 Than vfouijellow-scrvnnt; and inquire 
 Gladly into the ways of Gtjd with man. Milton. 
 
 Ya\r fellow-servant ! may your gentle ear 
 Prove more projitious to my slighted care 
 Than the brig t dames we serve. JVallcr. 
 
 'Iheir fathers and yours were fellow-servants to 
 the same heavenly master while they lived ; nor 
 is that relation dissolved by their death, but ought 
 still to operate among their surviving children. 
 
 Atterhnry. 
 
 Fellow-so'ldier. n. s. One who fights 
 under the same commander. An en- 
 dearing appellation used by officers to 
 their men. 
 
 Come, fellow-soldier, make thou proclamation. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Epaphroditus, my brother and companion m 
 
 labour, aiid fellow-soldier. Phil. ii. Co. 
 
 Fellow-stIident. n. s. One who stu- 
 dies in company with another, in the 
 same class, under the same master. 
 
 I pry'lhee, do not mock me, fellow-student. 
 
 Sltakesp. Hamkt. 
 
 If you haveno ft'//ou;-s(»(icnt at hand, tcil it over 
 
 with your acquaintance. Haas's Lr^ick. 
 
 Fellow-subject, n. s. One who lives 
 under the same government. 
 
 The bleeding condition of then fellow-snhjects 
 was a feather ni the balance with their private 
 ends. Swift 
 
 Fellow-sufferer, n. s. One who 
 shares in the same evils; one who par- 
 takes the same sutferings with another. 
 
 How happy was it for those poor creatures, tliat 
 your grace was made their fellow-sufei-er ? And 
 now glorious for you, that you chose to want ra- 
 ther than not relieve ? Dryden. 
 
 We in some measure share the necessities of the 
 poor at the same time that we relieve them, and 
 make ourselves not only their patrons hut fellou- 
 suferers. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Fellow-writer. «. 5. One Mho writes 
 at the same time, or on the same sub- 
 ject. 
 
 Since they cannot raise themselves to the re- 
 putation of their TV/Am'-imfrrs, they must sink it 
 to their own pitch, if they would keep tliemselves 
 upon a level with tliem, Addison. 
 
 Fellow-fee'ling. Ji. $. [ftllow and 
 
 feeling,'] 
 I. Sympathy. 
 
 It is a high deCTee of inhumanity not to have a 
 fellowfeeUng of the misfortune uf my brother. 
 
 L'Estratige. 
 
 F E L 
 
 2. Combination; joint interest: coramon- 
 ly in an ill sense. 
 
 Even \our milkwomaii and your nurserymaid 
 have a fellou- feeling. Arbnthmi*. 
 
 Fe'llow-like. \ adj. [fellow and Hkt.] 
 Fe'llowly. f Like a companion ; 
 on equal terms ; companionable. 
 
 All which ^uud parts he tiraccth with a ^tod 
 fcllvwlike, kind, and respectful otrriaf^r. Caretc 
 
 One seed for another to make an exchaiig'*. 
 With feltowly neighbcurliood ^ecroelh not strange-. 
 
 Timer. 
 
 Fe'llowship. n. s. [fromftllow.] 
 
 1. Companionship; consort; society, 
 *1 hi> boy cannot icll « hai hf would Iiare, 
 
 I^t kneels and holds up hands (urfelLnahip. Shah. 
 
 From blissful bow'rs 
 Of amarantine shade, fountain, or spring. 
 By th' waters of life, where'er ihey sat 
 hi ftllowihipt of Joys, the sons of hght 
 Hasted. Miltoti't Par. Oift. 
 
 There is no man hut God putn excellent thin^t 
 into his possession, to be ustd for the common 
 pood; for men arc made for society and mutwai 
 Jcllowship. Calamy'f Scmwnt. 
 
 God having designed man for h sociable creature, 
 made him not (mlv with an indinati 'ii, and undf-r 
 the necessity to have JcU'Wship with those of his 
 own kind, but furnished him also with language, 
 which was to be the great instrument and ceoienter 
 of society. Locke. 
 
 2. Association; confederacy; combina- 
 tion. 
 
 We would not die in that man's company, 
 Tha* Tears h'lsfellowship tn die with us. 5haJvrf7>. 
 Those laws do bind men absolutely, even as ihev 
 are men, although they have never any settled 
 fellowship, never any solemn agreement amoni; 
 themselves. Hookrr. 
 
 Most of the other Christian princes were draw ii 
 into t\ie fellowship of that war. KnoUct. 
 
 3. Equality. 
 
 4. Partnership; joint interest. 
 
 Nearer acquainted, now I feel by procif 
 That /W/ouVii/j in pain divides not smart. 
 Nor lightens aught each man's peculiar load. 
 
 Paradise Regained. 
 
 O love! thou sternly dost thy power maintain, 
 At.d will not bear a rival in they reign ; 
 Tyrants and thou all^t7/i>irfftm disdain. Drydf* 
 
 5. Company; state of bemg together. 
 *] he great contention of the sea and skies 
 
 Parted out fellowship. But hark, a sail ! Shake^. 
 0. Frequency of mtercourse ; social plea- 
 sure. 
 
 In a great town friends are scattered, so thi: 
 there ia not th^t fellowship which is in less neigh- 
 bourhoods. Bacon's Essa\fy 
 
 7. Fitness and fondness for festal enter- 
 tainments, with good prefixed. 
 
 He had by his excessive good ftllowship, whirii 
 was grateful to all the company, made himself po- 
 pular with all ihe officers of the army. Clarendon. 
 
 8. An establishment in the college, with 
 share in its revenue. 
 
 Corusodes having, by extreme parsimony, sared 
 thirty pounds out of a beggarly yc//tm"sAi/>, went to 
 London. ' Stcift. 
 
 9. [In arithmetick.] That rule of plural 
 proportion whereby we balance accounts, 
 depending between divers persons, hav- 
 ing put together a general stock, so that 
 they may every man have his propor- 
 tional gain, or sustain liis proportional 
 part of loss. Cocker. 
 
 Felly, adv. [from/*//.] Cruelly ; inhu- 
 manly ; savagely ; barbarously. 
 
 Fair ye he sure, but cruel and unkind ; 
 As is a tvger, that wiih greediness 
 Hunts atter blood, when he by chance duth find 
 A feeble beast doth felly him oppress. Spacer. 
 
 i X 
 
 705
 
 F E M 
 
 Felo-de-se. n. s. [In law.] He that 
 committeth felony by murdering him- 
 self. 
 
 FE'LON. n.s. [felon, Fr./e/o, low Lat. 
 pel, Sax.] 
 
 1. One who has committed a capital crime. 
 1 apprehend thee for afelon here. Shakesp. 
 
 The wily "fox, 
 Chas'd even amid' the folds ; and made to bleed, 
 Like felons, where they did the murd'rous deed. 
 •' Diyden. 
 
 2. A whitlow ; a tumour formed between 
 tlie bone and its investing membrane, 
 
 very painful. 
 
 The malign paronychia is that which is com- 
 monly called a/c/on. Wisemans Surgery. 
 Felon, arf/. Cruel; traitorous; inhuman. 
 
 Ay me! what thing on earth, that all things 
 bleeds. 
 Might be the cause of so impatient plight ! 
 What fury, or what fiend with/eta deeds, 
 Hath stirred up so mischievous despight ! Spenser. 
 
 Then bids prepare th' hospitable treat. 
 Vain shews of love to veil hUfeUm hate. Pupc. 
 
 Felo'nious. adj. [from felon.] Wicked ; 
 traitorous ; villanous ; malignant ; per- 
 fidious ; destructive. 
 
 This man conceived the duke's death ; but what 
 was the motive of tiint felonkvts conception is in 
 the clouds. WotUvi. 
 
 thievish ninht ! 
 Why should'stthou, but" for some /ctoiious end. 
 In tiiy dark lanlhorn thus close up the stars 
 That nature hung in heav'n, and fiU'd the lamps 
 With everlasting oil, to give due light 
 To the misled and lonely traveller .' Milton. 
 
 In thy_/e/imious heart though venom lies. 
 It does but touch thy Irish pen, and dies. Dryden. 
 
 FELO'NIousLY.af/t'. [(rom feloiiious.] In 
 a felonious way. 
 
 Fe'lonous. adj. [from felon.] Wicked. 
 
 Not used. 
 
 I am like for desperate dole to die, 
 
 Through_/eionoi« force of mine enemy. Spmser. 
 
 Fe'loNY. n. s. [felonie, Fr. fdonia, low 
 
 Lat. from felon.] A crime denounced 
 
 capital by the law ; an enormous crime. 
 
 I will make i\.J'clony to drink small beer. 
 
 Shakcsp. Henry VI. 
 
 Felt. The preterite of Feel, which see. 
 FELT. n. s. [pelt, Sax.] 
 
 1. Cloth made of wool united without 
 •weaving. 
 
 It were a delicate stratagem to shoe 
 A troop of horse with/e/(. " Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. A hide or skin. 
 
 To know whether sheep are sound or not, see 
 that the/e/t be loose. Mm-timer's Husbandry. 
 
 To Felt. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 unite without weaving. 
 
 The same wool one man felts into a hat, another 
 weaves it into cloth, another into kersey. Hale. 
 To Fe'ltre. V. a. [from felt.] To clot 
 together like felt. 
 
 liisj'eltered locks, that on his bosom fell. 
 On rugged mcnintains briers and thorns resemble. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 Felucca, n. s. [feleu, Tr.felkon, Arab.] 
 
 A small open boat with six oars. Diet. 
 
 FE'MALE. n. s. [femelle, Fr. femella, 
 
 Lat.] A she ; one of the sex wliich 
 
 brings young ; not male. 
 
 God created man in his own image, male and 
 
 female created he them. Gen. i. 27. 
 
 If he offer it of the herd, whether it be male or 
 
 female, he shall offer it without blemish. LcM. 
 
 Men, more divine, 
 Indu'd with intellectual sense and soul. 
 Ate masters to their /imaics, and their lords. Sliak. 
 
 FEN 
 
 Fe'male. adj 
 
 1. Not male. 
 
 Female of sex it seems. Milton. 
 
 Swarming next appear'd 
 The female bee, that'feeds her husband drone. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Not masculine ; belonging to a she. 
 
 Other suns, perhaps. 
 With their attendant moons thou wilt descry, 
 Communicating male and female light ; 
 Which two great sexes anmiate the world. Milton. 
 
 Add what wants 
 Infemale sex, the more to draw his love. Milton. 
 
 He scrupled not to eat 
 Against his better knowledge, not deceiv'd. 
 But fondly overcome w'lih female charm. Milton. 
 
 If by a female hand he Iiad foreseen 
 He was to die, his wish had rather been 
 The lance and double ax of the fair warrior queen. 
 
 Diyden. 
 
 3. Female Rhymes. Double rhymes so 
 called, because in French, from which the 
 term is taken, they end in e weak or fe- 
 minine. These rhymes are female : 
 
 Th' excess of heat is but a fable ; 
 We know the torrid zone is now found habitable. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 The female rhymes are in use with the Italian in 
 
 every line, with'the Spaniard promiscuously, and 
 
 with the French alternately, as appears from the 
 
 Alarique, the Pucelle, or any of their later poems. 
 
 Drydens Pref. to Ann. Mirab. 
 
 Feme Covert, n. s. [Fr.] A married wo- 
 man ; who is also said to be under covert 
 baron. Blount, 
 
 Feme Sole. n. s. [Fr.] A single woman ; 
 an unmarried woman. 
 
 Femina'lity. n. s. [from ffemina, Lat.] 
 
 Female nature. 
 
 If in the minority of natural vigour the parts of 
 
 feminality take place, upon the increase or growth 
 
 thereof tiie masculine appears. Brown. 
 
 Fe'minine. adj. [fieminimis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Of the sex that brings young ; female- 
 
 Thus we chastise the god of wine 
 With water that \s feminine. 
 Until the cooler nymph abate 
 His wrath, and so concorporate. Cleaveland. 
 
 2. Soft; tender; delicate. 
 
 Her heav'nly form 
 Angelick, but more soft and feminint, Milton. 
 
 3. Effeminate; emasculated; wanting man- 
 liness. 
 
 Ninias was no man of war at all, hut altogether 
 fejninine, and subjected to ease and delicacy. 
 
 Raleigh^s History. 
 
 Fe'minine. 7!. s. Ashe; one of the sex 
 that brings young ; a female. 
 
 O ! w'hy did God create at last 
 Tills novelty on earth, this fair defect 
 Of nature ?* And not fill the world at once 
 With men, as angels, withoutyemi/u«e ? Milton. 
 Fe'moral. adj. [femoralis, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to the thigh. 
 
 The largest crooked needle should be used in 
 taking ap the femoral arteries in amputation. 
 
 Sharp. 
 FEN. n. s. [renn. Sax. venne, Dut.] A 
 marsh ; low flat and moist ground ; a 
 moor ; a bog. 
 
 Mexico is a city that stands in the midst of a 
 great marsh or /en. Abbot's Descrip. of the World. 
 
 I go alone. 
 Like to a lonely dragon, that his/en 
 Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The surface is of black /en earth. Woodward. 
 He to Portina's wat'ry marshes went ; 
 A long canal the muddy /eK divides. 
 And with a clear unsuUy d current glides. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 FEN 
 
 Fe'nberry. n. s. [fen and berrj/.] A 
 kind of blackberry. Skinner. 
 
 Fence, n. s. [from defence.] 
 
 1. Guard ; security ; outwork ; defence. 
 That proved not fence enough to tlic reputation 
 
 of their oppressors. Decay of Fietu. 
 
 There's no fpice against inundations, earth- 
 quakes, or hurricanes. V Estrange. 
 
 To put them out of their parents view, at a 
 great distance, is to expose them to the greatest 
 dangers of their whole life, when they have the 
 )east/e«ce and guard against tliem. Locke. 
 
 Let us bear this awful corpse to Csesar, 
 And lay it in his sight, that it may stand 
 A fence betwixt us and the victor's wrath. Addison. 
 
 2. Inclosure ; mound ; hedge ; fortified 
 boundary. 
 
 In vain did nature's wise command 
 Divide the vvaters from the land. 
 If daring ships, and men profane, 
 Invade th' inviolable main ; 
 Th* eternal _/e;ices overleap. 
 And pass at will the boundless deep. Di'yden. 
 
 Shall I mention make 
 Of the vast mound that binds the Luciine lake ? 
 Or the disdainful sea, that, shut from thence, 
 Hoars round the structure, and invades thefencet 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 Employ their wiles and unavailing care. 
 To pass the^CTces and surprise the fair. Pope. 
 
 3. The art of fencing ; defence. 
 
 I bruised my skin th' other day, with playing at 
 sword and dagger with a master offence. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Skill in defence. 
 
 I'll prove it on his body, if he dare. 
 Despite his nice^e'ice and his active practice. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Fence, i'. a. 
 
 1. To inclose; to secure by an inclosure 
 or hedge, 
 
 Th' inhabitants each pasture and each plain 
 Destroyed have, each field to waste is laid j 
 
 In/e?icefi towers bestowed is their grain. 
 Before thou cam'st this kingdom to invade. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 He hath/eiiced up my way that I cannot pass, 
 and set darkness in my paths. Job, xix. 8. 
 
 Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesli, and 
 hmfenced me with bones and sinews. Job, x. 11. 
 
 He went about to make a bridge to a strong 
 city, which was fenced about with walls. 
 
 ■^ " 2 Mac. xii. 13. 
 
 See that the churchyard he fenced in with a de- 
 cent rail or other inclo^ure. Aylife's Parergon. 
 
 2. To guard ; to fortify. 
 
 So much of adders w isdom I have learnt. 
 To fence my ear acainst thy sorceries. Milton. 
 
 With love to friend, th' impatient lover went, 
 Fenc'd from the thorns, and trod the deep descent. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Fence, v. n. 
 
 1. To practise the arts of manual defence ; 
 to practise the use of weapons. 
 
 He having got some iron, should have it beaten 
 into swords, and put into his servants hands to 
 fence with, and bang one another. Locke. 
 
 2. To guard against ; to act on the defen- 
 sive. 
 
 Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more 
 dangerous evil, and therefore in the first place to 
 he fenced against. Locke. 
 
 3. To fight according to art, by obviating 
 blows as well as giving. 
 
 If a throstle sing, he falls strait a capering : 
 He will/bu-e with his own shadow. Shakcrp 
 
 A beauteous heifer in the wood is bied ; 
 The stooping warriors aiming head to head, 
 Engage their clashing horns ; with dreadful sound 
 The forest rattles, and the rocks rebound ; 
 They fence and push, and, pushing, loudly roar. 
 Their dewlaps and their sides are bath'd in gore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 A man that cannot/ence will keepout of builiej 
 and gamesters company. Locks. 
 
 ^o6
 
 FEN 
 
 Ttiete, being polemical arts, could no more be 
 learned alone llianyc/icii." or cudgelplajing. 
 
 Arbuthtwt and rope. 
 
 Fe'nceless. adj. [from /ence.] Without 
 inclosure ; open. 
 
 Each motion of Uil- lieart rises to fury, 
 And love in their weak hiisoms is a rage 
 As terrible as hate, and as destructive ; 
 So the wind roars o'er the widc/fiicf/f«s ocean. 
 And heaves the liillows of the boiling deep, 
 Alike from North, from South. Kowe's Jane SItorc. 
 
 Fe'ncer. n. s. [from fence.'] One who 
 teaclies or practises the use of weapons, 
 or science of defence. 
 
 Calmness is great advantage ; he that lets 
 Another chafe, mav warm him at his fire, 
 
 Mark all his walid'rinps, and enjoy his frets ; 
 As cunning_/e7icers sulTer lieat to tire. Herbert. 
 
 Aninible/e;i«rwill put in a thrust so quick, lliat 
 the foil wiirbe in your bosom when you thought 
 it a yard off. Uigl'ii- 
 
 Fe'ncible. adj. [from fence.] Capable 
 of defence. Addison. 
 
 Fe'ncingmaster. n. s. [/cnce and mas- 
 ter.] One who teaches the science of 
 defence, or the use of weapons. 
 
 Fe'ncingschool. n.s. \^ fence and school.] 
 A place in which the use of weapons is 
 taught. 
 
 ]f a man be to prepare his son for duels, I had 
 rather mine should he a good wrestler than an or- 
 dinary fencer, wiiich is the most a gentleman can 
 attain to, unless he will be constantly in the/e«c- 
 ingscboot, and every day exercising. Locke. 
 
 Fen-cricket, "n. s. [ffrillolalpa. ] An 
 insect that digs itself holes in the ground. 
 
 To Fend. v. a. [from defend.] To keep 
 off; to shut out. 
 
 Spread with straw the bedding of thy fold, 
 "With fern beneath iofend the bitter cold. Drydeti. 
 
 To Fend. v. n. To dispute; to shift off 
 a charge. 
 
 The dexterous management of terms, and being 
 able to fend and prove with them, passes for a 
 great part of learning : but it is learning distinct 
 trom knowledge. hockc. 
 
 Fe'nder. n. s. [from /enrf.] 
 
 J. An iron plate laid before the fire to 
 hinder coals that fall from rolling for- 
 ward to the floor. 
 
 2. .^iiy thing laid or hung at the side of a 
 ship to keep off violence. 
 
 Fenera'tion. n. s. [fceneratic, Lat.] 
 Usury ; the gain of interest; the prac- 
 tice of increasing money by lending. 
 
 The hare figured not only pusillanimity and ti- 
 midity from its temper, but feneration and usury 
 from Its fecundity and superfetation. Broicn. 
 
 Fe'nugkeek. 71. s. [foenum Ortecum, 
 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 Fe'nnel. n. s. [foeniculum, Lat.] A 
 
 plant of strong scent. 
 A sav'ry odour blown, more pleas'd my sense 
 
 Than smell of sweetest^'enne/, or the teats 
 
 Ofewe,orgoat, dropping witii milk at ev'ii. Milton. 
 
 Fe'nnelflower. n. s. [nigella.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Fe'nnelgiant. n. s. [ferula.] A plant. 
 Fe'nny. adj. [from/e?i.] 
 
 1. Marshy; boggy; moorish. 
 
 Driving in of piles is used for stone or brick 
 houses, aud tiiat only where the ground proves 
 fenny or moorish. Moxon. 
 
 The hungry crocodile, and hissing snake. 
 Lurk in the troubl'd stream and fenny brake. Fri.T. 
 
 2. Inhabiting the marsh. 
 
 Fillet of a fenny snake, 
 In the cauldron boil and bake. Shakcsp. 
 
 F E R 
 
 FeNNYSTONES. n. s. A plant. 
 Fe'nsucked. adj. [fen and suck.] Suck- 
 ed out of marshes. 
 
 Infect her beauty, 
 Yoafensuck'd fog', drawn by tlie powerful sun. 
 
 ahalicsiJ. King Lear. 
 
 FE'OD. n. s. [feodum, low Lat.] Fee ; 
 tenure. Did. 
 
 Feodal. adj. [feodal, Fr. from fcod.] 
 Held from another. 
 
 Fe'odary. n. s. [{nm feodum, Lat.] One 
 who holds his estate under the tenure of 
 suit and service to a superiour lord. 
 
 Ilanmer. 
 
 To FEOFF, r.fl. [fief,fleffer,Vr.feoffiire, 
 low Lat.] To put in possession ; to in- 
 vest with right. 
 
 Feoffe'e. n.s. [feoffatus, LsA.fieffe, Fr.] 
 One put in possession. 
 
 The late earl of Desmond, before bis breaking 
 forth into rebellion, conveyed secretly all his lands 
 to feoffees in trust, in hope to have cut otf her 
 majesty from the escheat of his lands. Spcmer. 
 
 Fe'offer. m. s. [feoffalor, low Lat.] One 
 who gives possession of any thing. See 
 Feoffment. 
 
 Feoffment, n. s. [feoffamentutn, Lat.] 
 The act of granting possession. 
 
 Any gift or grant of any honours, castles, lands, 
 or other immoveable things, to another in fee 
 simple, that is, to him and his heirs for ever, by 
 the delivery of seisin of the thing given : when it 
 is in writing, it is called a deed of feoffment ; and 
 in every feoffment the giver is called the feoH'er, 
 feoff'ator, and he that receiveth by virtue thereof 
 the ft:uii'ee.feofj'atus. The proper difference be- 
 tween a feotlcr and a donor is, that the feoffer 
 gives in fee-simi)le, the donor in fee-tail. Coueil. 
 
 Fera'city. n. s. [feracitas, Lat.] Fruit- 
 fulness; fertility. Diet. 
 
 Fe'RAL. adj. [feralis, Lat.] Funereal; 
 deadly. Diet. 
 
 Feria'tion. n. s. [feriatio, Lat.] The act 
 
 of keeping holiday ; cessation from work . 
 
 As though there were any feriation in nature, 
 
 this season is commonly termed the physicians 
 
 vacation. Brown. 
 
 FERINE, adj. [ferinus, Lat.] Wild; 
 savage. 
 
 The only difficulty is touching those ferine, 
 noxious, and untameable beasts ; as, lions, iygers, 
 wolves, bears. Hate. 
 
 Feri'neness. n. s. [from ferine.] Bar- 
 barity ; savageness ; wildness. 
 
 A ferine and necessitous kind of life, a conver- 
 sation with those that were fallen into a barb;irous 
 habit of life, would assimilate the next generation 
 to barbarism andferineness. Hate. 
 
 Fe'rity. n.s. [ferilas, Lat-] Bai-barity ; 
 cruelty ; wildness ; savageness. 
 
 He reduced him from the most abject and stupid 
 fei'ity to his senses, and to sober reason. 
 
 Woodward's Natural Hilttorv. 
 
 To FERME'NT. v. a. [fermento, Lat. 
 ferment tr, Fr.] To exalt or rarify by 
 intestine motion of parts. 
 Ye vig'rous swains ! while youth ferments your 
 blood , 
 -■Vnd purer spirits swell the sprightly flood, 
 Now range the liiils, tlie thickest woods beset. 
 Wind the shrill liorn,or spread the waving net. Pope. 
 
 To Ferme'nt. 1'. n. To have the parts 
 
 put into intestine motion. 
 Fe'rment. n.s. [ferment, FT.fermentum, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 . That which causes intestine motion. 
 
 F E R 
 
 The semen puts females into a fever upon im- 
 pregiiaiiuii ; and all nnimal humours whicli |mi»on, 
 are pyiUefyht^ fermtnU. Fioytr. 
 
 2, Intestine motion ; tumult. 
 
 Subdue and cool \.\\c ferment of de&ire. Rogert. 
 
 Perm li'.NTAnLE. adj, [from ferment.'] 
 
 Capable of ftTmentation. 
 Fermii'ntaI-. adj. \from ferment .'\ Hav- 
 ing the power to cause fermentalion. 
 Not used. 
 
 Cucuniliers, being waterish, fill the veint with 
 cnirip and windy st*rusilii-s, that conlaia little salt 
 or spirit, and debilitate the viial acidity and fcr- 
 mental faculty of the stoniacti. Broun. 
 
 Fermentation. Tt.s. [famentafio, Lat] 
 A slow motion of the intestine particles 
 of a niixt body, arising usually from the 
 operation of some active acid matter^ 
 M'lnch rarifies, exalts, and subtilizes the 
 soft and sulphureous particles ; as when 
 leaven or yeast rarifies, lightens, and 
 ferments bread or wort. And this mo- 
 tion differs much from that usually called 
 ebullition or effervescence, which is a 
 violent boilinp; and struggling between an 
 acid and an alkali, when mixed together, 
 
 Harris. 
 The juice of grapes, after fermentatum, "ill 
 yield a sfAritus ardens. Boyle. 
 
 A man, by tumbling his thoughts, and forming 
 them into expressions, gives them a new kind nf 
 fermenlution ; which works them into a finer body, 
 and makes them much clearer than they were be- 
 fore. CoUier on FrieruUkip. 
 
 The sap, in fluent dance. 
 And yi\'Q]y fermeutatinn, mounting, spreadi 
 AJI this innumerous coluur'd scene of things. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Fermentative, adj. [from ferment.] 
 Causing fermentation ; having the power 
 to cause fermentation. 
 
 Aromalical spirits destroy hy iht'ir fermentative 
 heat. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 FERN. n. s. [peajin, Sax.j A plant. 
 
 The leaves are formed of a number of small pin- 
 nules, dentated on the edges, and set close one by 
 another on slender ribs. On the back of these 
 pinnules are produced the seeds, small and ex- 
 tremely inimerous. ihe country people esteem 
 it a sovereign remedy decocted tor the rickets in 
 children. HiU. 
 
 Black was tlie forest, thick with beech it stood. 
 Horrid with /e?-n, and intricate with thorn; 
 Few paths of human feet or tracks of beasts were 
 worn. Dryden. 
 
 There are great varieties of fern in different 
 parts of the world ; but iliey arc seldom cultivated 
 m gardens. MilUr. 
 
 Ferny, adj. [from fern.] Overgrown 
 
 with fern. 
 
 The herd suffic'd, did late repair 
 To/tT' t^heatbs, and to their foresl-lare. Dryden. 
 
 Ferocious, adj, [ferox, LaX.feroce, Fr.] 
 1. Savage; fierce. 
 
 Smediey rose in majesty of mud ; 
 Shaking t^ie horrors of his* ample brows, 
 And each fenx-hus feature grim with ooxe. Pope. 
 "l. Ravenous; rapacious. 
 
 The hare, that becomeih a prey unto man, unto 
 
 beasts and fouls of the air, is fruitful even unto 
 
 superfetation; but the lion and fttwioiii animal 
 
 bath young ones but seldom, and but one at a time. 
 
 Broicn s In/*. Krrvurs. 
 
 Fero'city, n.s. [^firocitas, 'Lat. fcrocite, 
 
 Fr. ferocious.] Savageness; wildness; 
 fierceness. 
 
 An uncommon/erocifv in ray countenance, with 
 the remarkable flatness of ray nose, and extent of 
 my mouth, have procured me the name of lion. 
 
 Addison's Guardian. 
 
 707
 
 F E R 
 
 Untaught, uncultivated, as they were _ 
 Inhos'pitable, full of^irocili,. PInhps s Bnt.m. 
 
 Fe'rreous. adj. [ferrtus, Lat.J Irony ; 
 
 of iron. 
 
 In the hody of glass there is no fareous or mag- 
 lietical nature. Browns Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 FE'RKET. n. s. [fured, Welsh; Juret, Fr. 
 jerrtt, UuL riverra, Lat.] 
 
 1. A kintl of rat with reil eyes and a long 
 snout, used to catch rabbits. They are said 
 to have been brought hither from Africa. 
 
 With what an eager earnestness she looked, 
 bavins threatnins not only in her/crret eyes, but 
 while she spoke, her nose seemed to threaten her 
 
 chin. ■^■"''»^.''- 
 
 Cicero 
 Looks with such^errrt and sucli fiery eyes 
 As we have seen him. Shnkesp. Jiilnis Citsar. 
 
 Coneys are taken either by /emls or purse-nets. 
 
 mortimfr. 
 
 2. A kind of narrow woollen tape. 
 To Fe'RRET. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 drive out of lurking places, as the ferret 
 
 drives the coney. 
 The archbishops had/errel(fti him out of all his 
 
 boles. Hruliu. 
 
 Fe'rreter. n. s. [from firrel.] One 
 
 that hunts another in his privacies. 
 Fe RRI .\ge. n. s. [from ferrt/.] The fare 
 
 paid at a ferry. 
 Ferruginous, adj. {ferrngineux, Fr. 
 
 ferrvginevs, l^t.] Partaking of the 
 
 particles and qualities of iron. 
 
 They are cold, hot, purgative, diuretick,_/fmi- 
 ginous', saliue, peirifying, and bituminous. Rni). 
 
 Ferrule, n.s. [homfirmm iron, Lat.] 
 An iron ring put round any thing to 
 keep it from cracking. 
 
 The fingers ends are strengthened with nads, as 
 we fortify the ends of our staves or forks with iron 
 hoops or ferrules. J^'l^' 
 
 To FE'RllY. V. a. [pajaan to pass. Sax. Jahr, 
 Germ, a passage. Skinner imagines 
 that this whole family of words may be 
 deduced from the Latin veho. I do not 
 love Latin originals ; but if such must 
 be sought, may not these words be more 
 naturally derived from ferri to be car- 
 ried?] To carry over in a boat. 
 
 Cymoclcs heard and saw, 
 He loudly call'd to such as were aboard. 
 The little bark unto the shore to draw. 
 And liim to ferry over that deep ford. Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Ferry, v. n. To pass over water 
 in a vessel or carriage. 
 
 Thence hurried back to fire. 
 They JeiTU over this Lethsan sound 
 Both to aiid fro, their sorrow to augment. Milton. 
 
 Ferry. \ n. s. [from the verb, and 
 
 Ferryboat. J boat.'] 
 
 1 . A vessel of carriage ; a vessel in which 
 goods orpassengers are carried overwater. 
 
 By this time was the worthy Uuyon brought 
 Unto the other side of that wide strand. 
 Where she was rowing, and for passage sought : 
 Him needed not long call, she soon to hand 
 HerJiiTu brought. _ Fairy Queen. 
 
 Brina tliem with imagin'd speed 
 Unto the Traject, to the comnion/erri/ 
 Which trades to Venice. Shahem. 
 
 A th-rvhoat to carry over the king's household. 
 •' ^ ■' 2 Sam. xi.x. 18, 
 
 I went down to the river Brent in the ordinary 
 ferry. Addison. 
 
 2. The passage over which the ferry boat 
 passes. 
 
 Fe'rRYMAN. n. s. \_ftrry and man.] 
 
 F E R 
 
 One who keeps a ferry; one who for 
 hire transports goods and passengers 
 over the water. 
 
 I past, methought, the melancholy flood. 
 With that ^,um femiman which poets write of. 
 Unto the kingdom of perpetu.al night. Shakesp. 
 
 The common _/t'rri;mon of Egypt, that wafted 
 over the dead bodies from Memphis, was made 
 by the Greeks ihi: ffrryman of hell, and solemn 
 stories raised after him; BroiOTi. 
 
 The grisly /erriynidK of hell deny'd 
 j^Mieas entrance, 'till he knew his guide. Roscom. 
 Ferth or Forth. Common terminations 
 are the same as in English an army; 
 coming from the Saxon word jp.yyi'S. 
 
 Gibson. 
 FE'RTILE. ad), [fertile, Fr. ferli/is, Lat.] 
 
 1. Fruitful; abundant; plenteous. 
 I had hope of France, 
 
 As firmly as I hope (vrjertile England. Shakesp. 
 
 1 have had a large, a fair, and a pleasant field, 
 so_^ertiie, that it has given me two harvests in a 
 Sumuier. Dryden. 
 
 1 ask whether in the uncultivated waste of Ame- 
 rica, a thousand acres yield as many convenien- 
 cies of life as ten acres of equally Jirrli/e land do in 
 Devonshire .-* Locke. 
 
 View the wide earth adorn'd with hills and 
 woods. 
 Rich in her herds, and fertile by her floods. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 2. With o/" before the thing produced. 
 
 The earth is fertile nfall kind of grain. Camden. 
 
 This happy country is extremely fertikj as of 
 those above, so likewise of its productions under 
 ground. Woodward. 
 
 Fe'rtileness. n. s. [from fertile.] Fruit- 
 ftilness ; fecundity. 
 
 To Ferti'litate. I', a. [from fertile.] 
 To fecundate ; to fertilize ; to make 
 fruitful or productive. Not in use. 
 
 A cock will in one liay fertilitate the whole race- 
 niation or cluster of eggs not excluded in many 
 weeks after. Brown. 
 
 Fertili'ty. n. s. [fertilitas, Lat.] Fe- 
 cundity; abundance; fruitfulness; plen- 
 teousness. 
 
 I will go root away 
 The noisome weeds, that without profit suck 
 The soil's/erti/iti/ from wholesome flowers. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 Paradise itself exceeded in beauty an<\ fertility ; 
 and these places had but a resemblance thereof. 
 Raleigh's History. 
 The quickness of the imagination is seen in the 
 invention, the fertility in tlie fancy, and the accu- 
 racy in the expression. Dryden. 
 To inundations Egypt, through which the Nile 
 flows, and the Indies owe tlieir extraordinary fer- 
 lilitii, and those mighty crops they produce after 
 these waters are withdrawn. Woadicard. 
 
 To Fertilize, r. a. [fertilizer, Fr.] To 
 make fruitful ; to make plenteous ; to 
 make productive ; to fecundate. 
 
 Kain-water carries along with it a sort of terres- 
 trial matter that/cr(i(isfs the land, as being proper 
 for the formation of vegetables. Woodward. 
 
 Fe'rtily. adv. [i\om fertile.] Fruit- 
 fully ; plentGOusly ; plentifully ; abun- 
 dantly. 
 
 FE'RVENCY. n.s.[fervcns, Lat.] 
 
 1. Heat of mind; ardour; eagerness. 
 Your diver 
 
 Did hang a fish on his hook, which he 
 Whhfervcncy drew up. _ Shakesp. 
 
 2. Pious ardour; flame of devotion ; zeal. 
 We have on all sides lost most of our first /er- 
 
 wnru towards God. Hooker, Dedication. 
 
 There must he zeal uni fervency in him which 
 
 proposeth for the rest those suits and supplications, 
 
 which they by their joyful acclamations must 
 
 I ratify. Hooker. 
 
 F E R 
 
 When you pray, let it be with attention, with 
 fervency, and wiUi perseverance. Wake. 
 
 Fervent, adj. [fervcns, Lat. fervent, Fr.] 
 
 1. Hot; boiling. 
 
 The fountains 
 Bubbling wave did ever freshly wade 
 Ne ever would through ^/ertieitl Summer fade. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 From the phlegmatick humour, the proper allay 
 
 of fervent blood, will flow a future quietude and 
 
 serenitude. Wotton. 
 
 2. Hot in temper; vehement. 
 
 T'liey that are more /eryent to dispute, he not 
 always the most able to determine. Hooker. 
 
 3. Ardent in piety ; warm in zeal ; flam- 
 ing with devotion. 
 
 This man being/erienr in the spirit, taught dili- 
 gently the things of the Lord. Acts, xviii. '.'5. 
 
 Sospake the fervent angel ; but his zeal 
 None seconded, as out of season iudg'd. 
 Or singular and rash. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Let all enquiries into the mysterious points of 
 theology be carried on with fervent petitions to 
 God, tliat he would dispose their minds to direct 
 all their skill to the promotion of a good life.Soutft. 
 
 Fe'rvently. adv. [from fervent.] 
 
 1. Eagerly; vehemently 
 
 Tliey all that charge did fervently apply; 
 With greedy malice and importune toil. Fairy Q. 
 
 2. With pious ardour ; with holy zeal. 
 
 Epaphras salutetb you, labouring /ement/y for 
 
 yon in prayers. 
 
 Col. iv. 12. 
 
 He cares not how or what he suffers, so he sufl"er 
 well, and he the friend of Christ ; nor where nor 
 when he suffers, so he may do it frequently, fer- 
 ventlii, and acceptably. Taybr. 
 
 FERVID, adj. [fervidus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Hot; burning; boiling. 
 
 2. Vehement ; eager ; zealous. 
 Ferv'idity. n. s. [from fervid] 
 
 1. Heat. 
 
 2. Zeal; passion; ardour. Diet. 
 Fe'rvidness. n. s. [from fervid.] Ar- 
 dour of mind ; zeal ; passion. 
 
 As to the healing of Rlalchus's ear, iri the ac- 
 count of the meek Lamb of God, it was a kind of 
 injury done to him by the fn-vidness of St. Peter, 
 wliQ knew not yet what spirit he was of. Bentley. 
 FERULA, n. s. [ferule, Fr. from ferula 
 giant fennel, Lat.] An instrument of 
 correct ion with which young scholars are 
 beaten on the hand ; so named because 
 anciently the stalks of fennel were used 
 for this purpose. 
 These ditfer as much as the rod and ferula. 
 
 Shaw's Gramm. 
 
 To Fe'rule. v. a. To chastise with the 
 
 fenda. 
 Fe'rvour. n. s. [fei-vor, Lat. ferveur, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Heat ; warmth. 
 
 Were it an undeniable truth that an elTectual 
 fervour proceeded from this star, yet would not the 
 "same determine the opinion. Broun. 
 
 Like bright Aurora, whose refulgent ray 
 Foretells the fervour of ensuin" day. 
 And warns t!ie shepherd with his flocks retreat 
 To leafy shadows, from the threatiied heat. Waller. 
 
 These silver drops, like morning dew. 
 Foretell the fervour of the d.iy ; 
 
 So from one cloud soft show'rs we view, 
 And blasting lightnings hurst away. Pi>pe. 
 
 2. Heat of mind ; zeal. 
 
 Odious it must needs have been to abolish that 
 which all had held for the space of many ages, 
 without reason so great as mi;.;ht in the eyes of mi- 
 parlial men appear sufficient to clear theui from all 
 blame of rash proceedings, if in fervour of zeal 
 they had removed such tilings. Hooker. 
 
 Haply despair hatli seiz'd her; 
 Or, wing'd with fervour of her love, she's flown 
 To her cksir'd Posthumus. Shakesp. Cymbeline 
 
 3. Ardour of piety. 
 
 708
 
 FES 
 
 There will be at Loretio, in a few ages more, 
 
 jewels of the greatest value in Enro|)e, if the rtcvu- 
 
 tioDof its princes continues in its present Jcriwiir. 
 
 Addison 'm Italy. 
 
 Fe'scue. n. s. [veese, Dnt./tstu, Fr.] A 
 small wire by which those who teach to 
 read point out the letters. 
 
 Teach him an alphabet upon liis fingers, making 
 the points of liis fingers of his left hand both or. 
 the inside to signify some letter, when any of Ihein 
 is pointed at by the fore-finger of the riglit hand, 
 or by auv kind of fesciir. Holder. 
 
 Teach'theni how manly passions onglit to move : 
 For such as cannot think, can never love ; 
 And since tbey needs will judge the poet's art. 
 Point 'cm with/cscufs to each shining part. Dryd. 
 Fe'sels. n. s. A kind of base gi-ain. 
 
 Disdain not/csc/s or poor vech to sow. 
 Or care to make Egy pllan lentils thrive. May. 
 
 Fesse. n. s. [In heraldry.] 
 
 The Jesse is so called of the L:itin worA fascia, a 
 band or girdle, possessing the third part of the escut- 
 cheon over the middle : if there be above one, you 
 must call them bars; if with the field there be odd 
 pieces, as seven or nine, then jou must name the 
 fiehl, and say so many bars ; it even, as six, eight, 
 or ten, you must say Garwise, or barry of six, eight, 
 or ten, as the king of Hungary bears argent and 
 gules, barry of eight. reacham on Blazoning. 
 
 To Fester, v. n. [fesse, in Bavarian, a 
 swelling corrupted, Junius^^ To rankle ; 
 to corrupt; to grow virulent. 
 
 I might, even iil ni v l.idy's presence, discover the 
 sore which had deeply _/t-s(er«i within me. Sidney. 
 
 Inward corruption *and infected sin. 
 Not purg'd, not heal'd, behind remained still. 
 And festering sore did rankle yet wiihin. 
 
 Fairrj Queen. 
 
 How should our/fsfererf sores be cured ? Hooker. 
 
 I have some wounds upon me, and they smart, 
 To hear themselves reniember'd. 
 ^Well might they /ester 'gainst ingratitude. 
 And tent ifiemselves with death. Shakesp. Corlol. 
 
 iMind that (heir souls 
 May make a peaceful and a sweet retire 
 From off tliese fields, where, wretches, their poor 
 
 bodies 
 Must lie ai)d fester. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 There was imagination, tliat between a knight 
 whom the duke had taken into some good degree 
 of favour, and Fclton, there had been ancient quar- 
 rels not yet well healed, which might perhaps be 
 festering in his breast, and by a certain inflamma- 
 tion produce this effect. W'otton. 
 
 Passion and unkindness may give a wound that 
 shall bleed and smart; but it is treachery that 
 makes it fester. South. 
 
 FE'STINATE. adj. [festinatus, Lat.] 
 Hasty ; hurried. A word not in use. 
 
 Advise the duke, where you are going, to a most 
 Jestinate preparation : we are bound to the like. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 FE'sTlNATELYr (idv. [from Jestinate.'] 
 Hastily; speedily; with speed. Not 
 in use. 
 
 Take this key; give enlargement to the swain, 
 and bring \i\mfestinately hither. Shakesp. 
 
 Festin.Vtion. n. s. [festinatio, Lat.] 
 Haste; hurry. 
 
 FESTIVAL, adj. [festivus, Lat.] Per- 
 taining to feasts ; joyous. 
 
 He appeared at great tables, and festival enter- 
 tairmients, that iie might manifest his divine charity 
 to men. Atterbury. 
 
 Festival, n. s. Time of feast; anni- 
 versary-day of civil or religious joy. 
 
 So tedious is this day, 
 .\8 is the night before some /i^stit-a/. 
 To an impatient child that hath new robes. 
 And may not wear them. Shakesp. Rom. and Jul. 
 
 Th' invited sisters with their graces blest 
 Their_/Vs(it'(i/^. Sandys. 
 
 F E T 
 
 The morning trumpets/eiliia/j proclaitn'd 
 Through each high street. Midori's Agonistes. 
 
 Follow, ye nymphs and shepherds all, 
 Come celebrate iUisfestival, 
 And merrily sing and sport, and play ; 
 'Tis Oriana s nuotial day. Granville. 
 
 By sacrifice of the tongues they purged away 
 whatever they had spoken'amiss during the fetiKii. 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 Thc/fSlii»i of our Lord's resurrection we have 
 celebrated, and may now consider the chief conse- 
 quences of his resurrection a judgment to come. 
 Aiterbury's Sermons. 
 Fe'.stive. adj. [festivus, Lat.] Joyous; 
 gay ; befitting a feast. 
 
 Tlie glad circle round them yield their souls 
 Tojifstii'e mirth and wit that knows no gall. 
 
 ntomsoti. 
 
 Festi'vity. 71. s. [festivitas, Lat. from 
 festive.] 
 
 1. Festival; time of rejoicing. 
 
 The daughter of Jephtha came to be worshipped 
 as a deity, and had an annualjeslii'ili/ observed un- 
 to her honour. Broini. 
 
 There happening a great and solemn /«Iii'itu, 
 such as the sheep-shearnigs used to Le, David con- 
 descends to beg of a rich man some small repast. 
 
 S.mth. 
 
 2. Gaiety; joyfulness; temper or behavi- 
 our befitting a feast. 
 
 To some persons there is no better instrnment 
 to cause the remembrance, and to endear the affec- 
 tion to the article, than the recommending it by 
 festivity and joy of a holy-day. Taylor. 
 
 Festo'on. n. s. [feston, Fr.] An orna- 
 ment of carved work in the form of a 
 wreath or garland of flowers, or leaves 
 twisted together, thickest at the mid- 
 dle, and suspended by the two extremes, 
 whence it hangs down perpendicularly. 
 
 Harris. 
 Fe'sti'cine. adj. [ftstuca, Lat.] Straw- 
 colour between green and yellow. 
 
 Therein may be discovered a little insect of a 
 festucine or pale green, resembling a locust or grass- 
 hopper. Broun. 
 
 Festu'cous. adj. [festuca, Lat.] Form- 
 ed of straw. 
 
 We speak of straws, or festucous divisions, lightly 
 drawn over with oil. Broun's Vulg. Errours. 
 
 To Fet. V. a. To fetch; to go and bring. 
 Not in use. 
 
 Get home with thy fewel, make ready to/fl. 
 The sooner the easier carriage to get. Tnsser. 
 
 Viut for he was unable them to Jet, 
 A little boy did on him still attend. Fairy Queen. 
 And the'y Jet forth Urijah out of Egypt to Jc- 
 hoiakini, w'ho slew him with the sword. 
 
 Jer. xxvi. 23. 
 
 Fet. n. s. [I suppose from fait, Fr. a 
 part or po tion.] A piece. Not in use. 
 
 The bottom clear 
 Now laid with many a fet 
 Of seed-pearl, ere slie bath'd her there 
 Was known as black as jet. Drauton. 
 
 To FETCH. V. a. preter. fetched; an- 
 ciently /e^ unless it rather came from 
 To fet. [peccan, pettan, Sax.] 
 
 1. Togo and bring. 
 
 They have devis'd a mean 
 How he her chamber-widow will ascend. 
 And with a corded ladderJVtc/i her down. Shakesp. 
 We will take men io fetch victuals for the people. 
 
 Judges. 
 
 Go to the flock, and fetch me from thence two 
 
 kid goats. Genesis. 
 
 The seat of empire where the Irish come. 
 And the unwilling Scotch, to fetch their doom. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Draw forth the monsters of th' abyss profound. 
 
 Or J'e(c/i th' aerial eagle to the grouiid. Pope. 
 
 2. To derive ; to draw. 
 
 FET 
 
 On, you noblest English, 
 Whose blood isjctc/i'd from fathers of war-proof. 
 
 Shakap* 
 
 3. To Strike at a distance. 
 The conditions of weapons, and their improve- 
 ments, are the fetching afar off ; for that outruns 
 the danger, as it is seen in ordnance and musket?. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 4. To bring to any state by some powerful 
 ojieration. 
 
 In smells we see their great and sudden effect 
 infetrhing men again, when they swoon. Bacon. 
 
 At Rome any of those arts immediately thrive-, 
 under the encouragement of the prince, and may 
 hcfctched up to its perfection in ten or a doze.T 
 years, which is the work of ao age or two in other 
 countries. Addison on Italy. 
 
 5. To draw within any confinement or 
 prohibition. 
 
 General terms may sufficiently convey to the 
 people what our intentions are, and yet not JelC'^ 
 us w ithin the compass of the ordinance. Sanderson. 
 
 0. To produce by some kind of force. 
 
 Ihese ways, if there were any secret excellence 
 among them, would fetch it out, and give it fair 
 opportunities to advance itself bj^. Mitten, 
 
 An human soul without education is like martle 
 in the quarry, which shews none of its beauties tU 
 the skill of the polisher J'rtc/ies out the colours. 
 
 Addison's Spectatt^. 
 
 7. To perform : It is applied to motion or 
 cause. 
 
 riljirtck a turn about the garden, pitying 
 The pangs of barr'd affections ; though the king 
 Hath charg'd you should not speak together. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 When evening grey doth rise, 1 fetch my round 
 
 Over the mount. Miltim. 
 
 To come to that place they tnast fetch a compass 
 
 three miles on the tight hand through a forest. 
 
 hnolles's History. 
 
 8. To perform with suddenness or vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Note a wild and wanton herd. 
 Or race of youthful and unhandled colts, 
 Fetching tnnA bounds, bellowing and neighing loud. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The foxj'etc'ifd a hundred ai-.d a hundred lea;^5 
 
 at a delicious cluster of grapes. L'Fjtrange. 
 
 Talk to her of an unfortunate young lady that 
 
 lost her beauty by the small-pox, ihe Jetcha a deep 
 
 sigh. ' Addison. 
 
 9. To reach ; to arrive at ; to come to. 
 
 Mean time flew our ships, and straight we Jirtclif 
 The svrens isle ; a spleenless wind so stretcht 
 Her wings to waft us, and so ur^'d our keel. CAafm. 
 
 If earth, industrious of herself, J>(c/i day 
 Travelliag East ; and with her part averse 
 From the sun's beam, meet night ; her other part 
 Still luminous by liis ray. Milton's Par. Left. 
 
 The hare laid himself down, and took a nap ; 
 for, says he, I can/etc/i up the tortoise when 1 
 please. VFstranf:^. 
 
 10. To obtain as its price. 
 
 During such a slate, silver in the coin wUl never 
 fetch as much as the silver in bullion. Locke. 
 
 To Fetch, v. n. To move with a quick 
 return. 
 
 Like a shifted wind unto a sail, 
 1 1 makes the course of thoughts to /'rtc?i about. 
 
 Shaliesp. 
 
 Fetch, n. s. [from the verb.] A strata- 
 gem by which any thing is indirectly 
 performed ; by which one thing seeiv.s 
 intended and another is done ; a trick ; 
 
 an artifice. 
 
 .'\n envious neighbour is easy to find. 
 His cumbersome J('(cft« are seldom behind ; 
 U'm fetch is to flatter, to get what he can ; 
 His'purpose once gotten, a pin for thee then, russer. 
 
 It is a fetch of wit ; 
 You laying these slipht sullies on my son. 
 As 'twere a thing a little soil'd i' th'Vorkine. 
 
 Shakesp. Hanlet 
 
 709
 
 Hudibi-as. 
 
 trick he hath 
 
 StUlingJieet. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 F E T 
 
 But Sidrophcl, as full of tricks 
 As rota men of politicks, 
 Stiaight cast ahout to over-reach 
 Til ■ unwary cmiqu'ror with A fetch 
 
 With this /errt he laughs at the 
 played lue. " 
 
 The fox had xfetch in t. 
 
 from these instances and fetches 
 Thou mak'st of horses, clocks, and watches, 
 Quoth Mat, thou seeni'st to mean 
 Ihat Alma is a mere machine. Prwr. 
 
 Fe'tcher. n. s. [from fetch.] One that 
 
 fetches any thing. 
 FETID, adj. [ fatidus, Lat. fetide, Fr.] 
 Stinking ; rancid; having a smell strong 
 and offensive. 
 
 l\Iost putrefactions are of an odious smell ; for 
 they smell either /etirf or mouldy. Bacon. 
 
 In tlie most severe orders of the church of Kome, 
 those who practise abstinence, feci after 'ijetid hot 
 eructations. . ,. Arbuth,>ot. 
 
 Plague, fiercest child of ^elnesls divine. 
 Descends from Ethiopia's poison'd woods. 
 From stifled Cairo's filth mdfelid fields, nomson. 
 
 Fetidness, n. s. [(rom fetid.] The qua- 
 lity of stinking. 
 
 Fetlock, n. s. [feet and lock.] A tuft 
 of hair that grows behind the pastem 
 joint of many horses : horses of a low size 
 have scarce any such tuft. Famer's Diet 
 
 I'heir wounded steeds 
 Fret fetlock deep in gore, and with wild rage 
 Verk out their armed heels at their dead masters. 
 Hhakesji. Henry V, 
 White were the fetlocks of his feet before. 
 And on his front a snowy star he bore. Driiden 
 Fetor, n. «. [foetor, Lat.] A stink; a 
 stench ; a strong and offensive smell. 
 
 The fetor may discover itself by sweat arid hu- 
 mour Broum. 
 When the symptoms are attended with a fetor of 
 any kind, such a disease will be cured by acescent 
 substances, and none better than whey. Arbuthnot. 
 
 FETTER. ?i. s. It is commonly used m 
 the plural fetters, [from feet ; perrepe, 
 Sax.] Chains for the feet ; chains by 
 which walking is hindered. 
 
 Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet ; and 
 like manacles on the right hand. Eccte. xxi. 19. 
 
 Drawing after me the chains and fetters where- 
 unto I have been tied, I have by other men s er- 
 rours failed. ^ ^ Raleigh. 
 
 Passion's too fierce to be in/e((ers bound. 
 And nature Hies him like enchanted ground. Vrrjd. 
 
 The wretch in double/eltcrs bound, 
 Your potent mercv may release. l*"^' 
 
 Pleasure arose iii those very parts of his leg th.(l 
 iust before li:id been so much pained by the fetter. 
 •* Addison. 
 
 I thought her pride 
 Had broke vour fi;tters, and assur'd your freedom. 
 
 A. Philips. 
 
 To Fetter, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 bind; to enchain; to shackle; to tie. 
 It is properly used of ihefeet, but is ap- 
 plied to other restraints. 
 
 Neither her gieat worthiness, nor liis own suffer- 
 ing for her, could /i;((fr his fickleness. Sidney. 
 
 aiy conscience! thou. irtjetterd 
 More than my shanks and wrists. Shakesp. Lymb. 
 
 Fetter stronj madness in a siiken thread ; 
 Charm ach willi air, and agony with words. i>hak. 
 
 Doth a master chide his servaii-t because I e doth 
 not come, yet knows that the servant is chameil 
 and fettered, so as he cann.it move r Bramhalt. 
 
 A chain which man to /t((fr man has made ; 
 By artifice iinpos'd, by fear obey'd. Prior. 
 
 To Fettle, v. n. [A cant word from 
 feci.] To do trifling business ; to ply 
 
 the hands without labour. 
 
 When your master is most busy in company , come 
 in and pretend to fettle about the room ; and if he 
 chides, say you thought he rung the bell, bwijt. 
 
 F E V 
 
 Fe'tus. n. s. [fcelus, Lat.] .\ny animal 
 in erabrio; any thing yet in the womb ; 
 any thing unborn. 
 
 That paradox of Hippocrates some learned phy- 
 sicians have of late revived, that the/etus respires 
 in the womb. Boyle. 
 
 Feud. n. s. [peahb enmity, Sax.] Quar- 
 rel ; contention ; opposition ; war. 
 
 Though men would find such mortal_/('iif/s 
 In sharing of their publick goods. Hialibras. 
 
 In former ages it was a policy of France to raise 
 and cherish intestine^'euds and discords in Great 
 Britain. Addison. 
 
 Scythia mourns 
 Our guilty wars, and earth's remotest regions 
 Lie half unpeopled bv the feuds of Rome. Addis. 
 
 FEUDAL, adj. [feuddlis, low Lat.] Per- 
 taining to fees, feus, or tenures by which 
 lands are held of a superiour lord. 
 
 Feudal, n. s. A dependance ; some- 
 thing held by tenure ; a fee ; a feu. 
 
 Wales, that was not always the./i?"rfa/ territory 
 of England, having been governed by a jiriiice of 
 their own, had laws utterly strange to the laws of 
 England. Hale. 
 
 Feu'datory. n. s. [from feudal.] One 
 who holds not in chief, but by some con- 
 ditional tenure from a superiour. 
 
 The duke of Parma was tempted to be true to 
 that enterprize, by no less promise th.in to be made 
 feudatory, or beneficiary king of England, under 
 "the seignory in chief of the pope, and the protec- 
 tion of Spain. Bacon. 
 
 FE'VER. n. s. [fierre, Fr. febris, Lat.] 
 A disease in which the body is violently 
 heated, and the pulse quickened, or in 
 which heat and cold prevail by turns. 
 It is sometimes continual, sometimes in- 
 termittent. 
 
 Think'st thou the fiery /crcr will go out 
 With titles blown from adulation ? 
 Will it give place to flexure and low bending? 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V. 
 Duncan is in his grave ; 
 After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Should not a ling'tinp/eiCT- be remov'd. 
 Because it long has rag d within my blood ? Dryd. 
 
 He bad never dreamed in his life, 'till he had the 
 ffi'fr he was then newly recovered of. Locke. 
 
 To Fe'ver. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 put into a fever. 
 
 The white hand of a lady fever thee ! 
 Shake to look on't. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
 
 Her blood Mfever'd, with a furious leap. 
 She sprung from bed distracted in her mind. Dryd. 
 Fe'veret. n. s. [from fever.] A slight 
 fever ; febricula. 
 
 A li^ht feveret, or an old quartan ague, is not a 
 sufficient excuse for non-appearance. Ayliffe. 
 
 Fe'verfew. 11. s. [febris and fugo, Lat.] 
 
 A plant 
 
 Connnon/fiwfeiD is the sort used in medicine, 
 and is found wild in many parts of England. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Fe'verish. adj. [from /cm-.] 
 I. Diseased with a fever. 
 
 To other climates beasts and birds retire. 
 And feverish nature burns in her own fire. Creech. 
 When an animal that gives suck turns /ftcris/i, 
 that is, its iuices more alkaline, the milk turns 
 from its native genuine whiteness to yelli>w. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 Tending to fever. 
 
 A feverish disorder disabled me. Swift to Pope. 
 Uncertain; inconstant; now hot, now 
 cold. 
 
 We toss and turn about our fei'eris^ will. 
 When all our ease must come by lying still ; 
 For all the happiness mankind can gain, 
 Is not in pleasure, but in rest from pain. Vryden. 
 
 FEW 
 
 4. Hot ; burning. 
 
 And now four days the sun had seen our woes. 
 Four nights the moon beheld th' incessant fire ; 
 
 It seein'd as if the stars more sickly rose. 
 And f other from the feverish North retire. Dryd. 
 
 Fe'verishness. n. s. [fromfeverish.] A 
 
 slight disorder of the feverish kind. 
 Fe'verous. adj. [Jievreux-se, Fr. from 
 
 fever.] 
 
 1. Troubled with a fever or ague. 
 
 Thou mad'st thine enemies shake, as if the world 
 Were_/fi:er(iiM, and did tremble. Shakesp. Coriol. 
 
 2. Having the nature of a fever. 
 
 All^i?D'rmis kinds. 
 Convulsions, epilepsies, fierce catarrhs. Milton. 
 
 3. Having a tendency to produce fevers. 
 
 It halhlieen noted by the ancients, that southern 
 
 winds, blowing much, without rain, do cause a 
 
 feverous disposition of the year ; but with rain not. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 Fe'very. adj. [from fever.] Diseased 
 with a fever. 
 
 O Rome, thy head 
 Is drown'd in sleep, and all thy body/ei''n;. 
 
 Ben Jonson's Catiline. 
 
 FEUILLAGE. n. s. [Fr.] A bunch or 
 row of leaves. 
 
 Of Homer's head I inclose the outline, that you 
 may determine whether you would have it so 
 large, or reduced to make room fur feuillage or 
 laurel round the oval. Jervas to Pope. 
 
 FE'UILLEMORT. n. s. [Fr.] The 
 colour of a faded leaf, corrupted com- 
 monly to philemot. 
 
 Fe'uterer. n.s. Adogkeeper: perhaps 
 the cleaner of the kennel. 
 
 FEW. adj. [peo, peopa, Sax./aa, Dan.] 
 
 1 . Not many ; not in a great number. 
 
 We are left but feiv of many. Jer. 
 
 So much the thirst of honour fires the blood ; 
 So many would be great, so few be good ; 
 For who would virtue for herself regard. 
 Or wed without the portion of reward ? Dryden. 
 
 On Winter seas we feiver storms behold. 
 Than foul diseases that infect the fold. Dryden. 
 
 Men have fewer or more simple ideas from 
 without, according as the objects they converse 
 with aft'ord greater or less variety. Locke. 
 
 The fewer still you name, you wound the more ; 
 Bond is but one, but Harpax is a score. Pn/ie. 
 
 Party is the madness of many, for the gam of a 
 
 few. . ,. .^'"if- 
 
 The imagination of a poet is a thing so nice and 
 delicate, that it is no easy matter to find out images 
 capable of giving pleasure to one of the>u', who, 
 in anv a^e, have come up to that character. 
 
 ••^ " Berkley to Pope. 
 
 2. Sometimes elliplically ; not many words. 
 
 To answer both allegations at once, the very 
 substance of that they contain is in few but this. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 So having said, he thus to Eve iii/eu> : 
 Sav, woman, what is this which thou hast done? 
 
 ■' Ndton. 
 
 Thus Jupiter in few unfolds tlie charge. Dryden. 
 
 The firm resolve" I here iii/eui disclose. Pope. 
 
 Fe'wel. n. s. [feu, Fr.] Combustible 
 matter; materials for keeping fire: as 
 firewood, coal. 
 
 If a spark of error have thus far prevailed, fal- 
 ling even where the wood was green, and farthest 
 off from anv inclination unto furious attempts, 
 must not tiie peril thereof be greater in men, 
 whose minds are as dry fewel. apt beforehantl 
 unto tumults, seditions and broils ? 
 
 Hooker, Dedication. 
 
 Others may give tWfewel or the fire ; 
 But they the breath, that makes the flame inspire. 
 ■' Denham. 
 
 A known quantity o( fewel, all kindled at^once, 
 will cause water to boil, which being li( 
 
 1 quantity ( 
 
 vater to uo 
 
 dually will never be able to do it. 
 
 ghtcd gra- 
 Eenlley's Serm. 
 
 710
 
 FIB 
 
 To Fe'wel. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 feed with fewel. 
 
 Never, alas ! the dreadful name, 
 Tliat/fufis tlie infernal flame. Cowley. 
 
 Fe'wness. 71.*. [from few.] 
 
 1. Paucity; smallness of number. 
 
 These, by reason of their fevmeis, I could not 
 distinguish from the numbers with whom they 
 are embodied. Dryden. 
 
 2. Paucity of words; brevity; conciseness. 
 
 Fewneis and truth, 'tis thus. Shukesp. 
 
 To Fey. v. a. [veghen, Dut.] To cleanse 
 
 a ditch of mud. 
 
 Such muddy deep ditches and pits in the field, 
 That all a dry Summer no water will yield, 
 Byfeil'ng and casting that mud upon heaps, 
 Commotfitics many the husbandman reaps. Tns^cr. 
 FIB. n. s. [A cant word among children.] 
 A lie ; a falsehood. 
 
 Destroy hUJib or sojjhistry ; in vain. 
 The creature's at his dirty work again. Pi>pe. 
 
 I so often lie. 
 Scarce Harvey's self has told moiejihs than I. P.ipe. 
 
 To Fib. v. n. [from the noun.] To lie; 
 to tell lies ; to speak falsely. 
 
 If you have any mark, whereby one may know 
 when you^it, and when you speak truth, you had 
 best tell it me. Artrnthmt. 
 
 Fi'bber. n. s. [from^6.] A teller of fibs. 
 FIBRE, n. s. [fibre, Yr.fibra, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A small thread or string ; the first con- 
 stituent parts of bodies. 
 
 Now sliding streams the thirsty plants renew, 
 And feed t\ien fibres with reviving dew. Pope. 
 
 2. A fibre, in physick, is an animal thread, 
 of which some are soft, flexible, and a lit- 
 tle elastick ; and th-ese are either hollow, 
 like small pipes, or spongious and full 
 of little cells, as the nervous and fleshy 
 
 fibres: others are more solid, flexible, 
 and with a strong elasticity or spring, as 
 themembraneousandcarlilaginousjifirts; 
 and a third sort are hard and flexible, as 
 the fibi-es of the bones. Some so very 
 small as not to be easily perceived ; and 
 others so big as to be plainly seen ; and 
 most of tiiem appear to be composed of 
 still smaller fibres : these fibres first 
 constitute the substance of the bones, 
 cartilages, ligaments, membranes, nerves, 
 veins, arteries, and muscles. Quincy. 
 
 My heart sinks in me while I hear him speak. 
 And every slacken'd^7);-e drops its hold. 
 Like nature letting down the springs of life : 
 The name of father awes me still. Drudcn. 
 
 Fi'bril. n. s. [fibrille, Fr.] A small fibre 
 or string. 
 
 The muscles consist of a number of fibres, and 
 each fibre of an incredible number of little fibrils 
 bound together, and divided into little cells. 
 
 Cfteyne's Phil. Priitc. 
 
 Fi'brous. adj. [fibreux, Fr. from fibi-e.] 
 Composed of fibres or stamina. 
 
 The difference between bodies^^&rojis and bodies 
 viscous is plain ; for ail wool and tow, and cotton 
 and silk, have a greediness of moisture. Bacon. 
 
 I saw Petreus' arras emplov'd around 
 A welI-g;rown oak, to root it from (he ground ; 
 This wny and that he wrench'd the fibrous bands, 
 The trunk w as like a sapling in his hands. Drijden. 
 The fibrous and solid parts of plants pass unal- 
 tered tlirough the intestraes. ArbtUhnot mi Alim. 
 
 FIBULA, n. s. [Lat] The outer and 
 lesser bone of the leg, much smaller than 
 the tibia : it lies on the outside of the leg ; 
 and its upper end, which is not so high 
 as the knee, receives the lateral knob of 
 
 F I C 
 
 the upper end of the tibia into a small 
 sinus, which it has in its inner side. Its 
 lower end is received into the small sinus 
 of the tibia, and then it extends into a 
 large process, which forms the outer an- 
 kle. Quincy. 
 FI'CKLE. adj. [picol. Sax.] 
 
 1 , Changeable ; inconstant ; irresolute ; 
 wavering; unsteady; mutable; change- 
 ful ; without steady adherence. 
 
 Remember wltere we are. 
 In France amongst ajickle wavering nation. Shak. 
 
 A slave, whose easy borrow'd pride 
 Dwells in the fickle grace of her he follows. Shak. 
 
 Or likcst hovering dreams, 
 Thcjickle pensioners of IMorpheus' train. Milton. 
 
 They know how fickle curnmon lovers are ; 
 Their oaths and vows are cautiously beiiev'd ; 
 For few there are but have been once deceived. 
 
 Dryden. 
 We in vain the Jichk sex pursue. 
 Who change the constant lover fur the new. Frier. 
 
 2. Not fixed; subject to vicissitude. 
 
 He would be loth 
 Us to abolish ; lest the adversary 
 Triumph, and szLy,Jickle their state, whom God 
 Most favours ! Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Fi'CKLENESS. n. s. [from^fA7e.] Incon- 
 stancy ; uncertainty ; unsteadiness. 
 
 Neither her great worthiness, nor his own sulTer- 
 ing for Iier, could fetter his fickleness ; but, before 
 his niarriape-day, he had ta£eu to wife that Baccha 
 of whom slie conipiaiucd. Sidney. 
 
 Beware of fraud, beware of ^c/c/eness. 
 In choice and change of thy dear-loved dame. 
 
 Fairy Queen 
 
 I am a soldier, and unapt to weep. 
 Or to exclaim on fortune'sJ?c/t?e7ie«. Shakesp. 
 
 Instability of temper ought to be checked, whei 
 it disposes men tj wander from one scheme of go- 
 vernment to another, since such a^'cfc/enfss cannot 
 but be attended with fatal consequences. Addison. 
 
 Whethcc out of ^'c^/enew or design 1 can't tell, 
 I found that what" she liked one day she disliked 
 anotlier. Addison. 
 
 Fi'cKLY. adv. [from fickle,'] Without 
 certainty or stability. 
 
 Do not now. 
 Like a young wasteful lieir, mortgage the hopes 
 Of godlike majesty on bankrupt ^erms. 
 To raise a present pow'r that's /icWy held 
 By the frail tenure of the people's will. Southern 
 FI'CO. n. ,1. [Ital.] An act of contempt 
 done with the fingers, expressing a^fig 
 for yon. 
 
 Having once recovered his fortress, he 'hen 
 gives i\\Qficn to his adversaries. Carew. 
 
 Fictile, adj. [fictiiisy Lat.] iNIoulded 
 into form ; manufactured by the potter. 
 
 The cause of fragility is an impolency to be 
 extended ; ami therefore stone is more fragil than 
 metal, and sojictile earth is more fragil than crude 
 earth. Bacon s Nat. Histfrii. 
 
 Fl'cTlON. n. s. [fictio, hut. fiction, Fr,]' 
 
 1. The act of feigning or inventing. 
 
 If the presence of God in the image, by a mere 
 Jiction of tlie mind, be a sufficient ground to wor- 
 ship that image, is not God's real presence in every 
 creature a far better ground to worship hrSliUingji. 
 
 Fiction is of the essence of poetry, as well as of 
 painting; there is a resemblance in one of human 
 bodies, things, and actions, which are nut real: 
 and in the otlier of a true story by ajiction. Dryd. 
 
 2. The thing feigned or invented. 
 
 If through niiiij ears pierce any consolations, 
 Bv wise discourse, sweet tunes, or poets /iVti<';is ; 
 
 If ought I cease these hideous exclamations, 
 While t])nt my soul, she lives in adlictions. Sidney- 
 
 So also was the fiction of those golden ajiples 
 kept by a dragon, "taken from the serpent, wliich 
 tempted Evah. Raleigh. 
 
 3. A falsehood ; a lye. 
 
 Fi'cTious. adj. [fictus, Lat.] Fictitious; 
 
 F I D 
 
 imaginary; invented. A word coined 
 by Prior. 
 
 With fancy'd rules and arbitrary laws 
 Matter and motion man restrains, 
 And study'd lines and^Vtwuicircles draws. Prior. 
 
 FICTITIOUS, adj. [fictitiiu, Lat.] 
 
 1. Counterfeit; false; not genuine. 
 
 Draw him strictly so. 
 That all wlio view the piece may know. 
 He needs no trappings offictitU'ui fame. Dryden. 
 
 2. Feigned ; imaginary. 
 
 The human persons are mfictitioiu as the airj 
 ones ; and Belinda resembles ^ou io nothine but 
 in beauty. Poptf. 
 
 3. Not real ; not true ; allegorical ; made 
 by prosopopivia. 
 
 Milton, sensible of tiiis defect in the subject rf 
 his poem, brought into it two characters i.f a 
 shadowy :inA ficiitimts nature in the persons of si'i 
 and death, by which means he has interwoven 1.T 
 his fable a very beautiful allegory. Addii. Speetatcr. 
 
 Ficti'tiously. adv. [from fictitious.'] 
 Falsel}' ; counterfeitly. 
 
 These pieces are^c(itt*?us/y set down, and Iiave 
 no co])y Ml nature. Brov:n's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Fid. n. s. [fitta, Ital.] A pointed iron 
 with which seamen untwist their cord?. 
 
 Skiiintr. 
 
 FIDDLE, n. s. [pibele, Sax. vedel, Dut. 
 
 fidtl, Germ.fidicula, Lat. fiiill, Erse.] .\. 
 
 stringed instrument of musick ; a violin. 
 
 In trialsof musical skill the judges did notcro^vn 
 
 the fiddle, but the performer. StiiUngJUe:. 
 
 The adventure of the bear and fiddle 
 
 Is sung ; but breaks off in the middle. Hudibras. 
 
 She tried \he fiddle all over, by drawing the bow 
 
 over every part of the strings ; but could not, for 
 
 her hearl, find whereabout the tune lay. Addisoiu 
 
 To Fi'ddle. i». 71. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To play upon a fiddle. 
 
 Themistocics being desired at a feast to tonch a 
 lute, he said he could no\ fiddle, but he could make 
 a small town a great city. Bacon's Euays. 
 
 Others import yet nobler arts from France, 
 Teach kings to /iriti/e, and make senates dance. Pi*p^. 
 
 2. To trifle ; to shift the hands often, and 
 do nothing, like a fellow that plays upon 
 a fiddle. 
 
 A cunning fellow observed, that old Lewis l.ad 
 stole away part of the map, and saw him fiddthis 
 and turning the map, trying to join the tv.T» 
 pieces together. Arbuthnct. 
 
 Good cooks cannot abide what they justly caJi 
 fiddling work, where abundance of time is spent, 
 and little done. Swij:. 
 
 Fi'ddlefaddle. n. s. [A cant word.] 
 Trifles. 
 
 She said that her grandfather had a horse shot 
 at Edgehill, and iheir uncle was at the siege of 
 Buda ; with abundance oi fiddlefaddle of the sair.e 
 nature. Sjvciatcr, 
 
 Fi'ddlef.\ddle. adj. Trifling; giving 
 
 trouble, or makinga bustle about nothing. 
 
 She was a troiiblesorae^fH/</<Ki<lie old woraa:i, 
 
 and so'ceremonious tliat iheie was no bearing - f 
 
 her. .-li.^Kt^tti;. 
 
 Fi'ddler. n. s. [ftomfiddlt.] A musician ; 
 one that plays upon the fiddle. 
 
 Let no saucv tiddler presume to intrude. 
 Unless he is sent for to vary our bliss, iVn JonSi^. 
 
 Nero put the fiddlers to cleaili, for being im re 
 skilful in the trade tiiaii he was. TayU- . 
 
 These will appear si.ch chits in story, 
 'Twill turn all piili.icks to jests. 
 
 To be repeated like John Dory, 
 Vilieufiddlcrs sir.g at feasts. ' Dryden. 
 
 When miss delights iu her spiunet, 
 A fiddler may a fortune get. Su-ift. 
 
 Fi'ddlestick. ti. s. [fiddle and stiek.] 
 The bow and hair which a fiddler draws 
 over the strings of a fidiUe. 
 
 711
 
 F I E 
 
 His grislj- heard wns Imig and th'ck, 
 With which he strung hhjiddlestick. Hudihras. 
 
 Fi'ddlestring. n. s. [fiddle and string.] 
 The string of a fiddle ; that which makes 
 the noise. 
 
 AJiddlestring, moistened with water, will sink a 
 note in a little time, and consequently nnist be re- 
 laxed or lengthened one-si Mteeiith. Arbiilhnnt. 
 
 Fi'delity. n. s. [fidttilas, Lut. fidelite, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Honesty; veracity. 
 
 The clmrcli, by her publick reading oT the book 
 of God, preached only us a witness; now the 
 principjil tiling required in a witness isjidtiitrf. 
 
 Hoiker. 
 
 2. Faithful adherence. 
 
 They mistake credulity (orfidelity. Clarke. 
 
 To FiDGE. 1 t>. ?J. [A cant word.] To 
 To Fi'dget. J move nimbly and irregu- 
 larly. It implies in Scotland agitation. 
 
 Tim, thou'rt tlie Puncli to stir up trouble ; 
 You wriggle. ^rf^e, and make a rout. 
 Put all your brother puppets out. Su'i/i. 
 
 Fiducial, adj. [fiducia, Lat.] Confi- 
 dent; undoubting. 
 
 Faith is cordial, and such as God will accept of, 
 when it affords Jiducial reliance on tlie pripuiises, 
 end obediential submission to the commands. 
 
 HaJiimoiid's Pract. Catcch. 
 
 FiDt'ciARY. n. s. [fiduciarius, Lat.] 
 
 1. One who holds any thing in trust. 
 
 2. One who depends on faith without 
 works. 
 
 The second obstructive is that of tiie Jiduckri/, 
 
 that faith is the only instrument of liis justilica- 
 
 tion; and excludes good works from contributing 
 
 any thing toward it. Hammond. 
 
 FiDU'CIARY. adj. 
 
 1 . Confident ; steady ; undoubting ; un- 
 touched with doubt. 
 
 Tiiat faith, which is required of us, is then 
 perfect, when it produces in us a Jidticiarii assent 
 to whatever the Gospel has revealed. Wahe. 
 
 2. Not to be doubted. 
 
 Elaiana can rely no where upon mere love and 
 fiduciary obedience, unless at her own home, where 
 she is exemplarily loyal to herself in a high exact 
 obedience. Howel. 
 
 FIEF. n. s. [fief, Fr.] A fee; a manor; 
 a possession held by some tenure of a 
 superiour. 
 
 To the next realm she stretch'd her sway. 
 For painture near adjoining ia^, 
 A plenteous province and alluring prey ; 
 A chamber of dependencies was iram'd. 
 And tlie wh^.\cJief, in right of poetry, she claim'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 As they were honoured by great privileges, so 
 their lands were in the nature of JieJ's, for which 
 the possessors were obliged to do personal service 
 at sea. Arbuthnot nyi Coins. 
 
 Field, n. s. [pelb, S>ax,/eld, Germ, veld, 
 Dut.] 
 
 1. Ground not inhabited ; not built on. 
 Live with me, and be my love. 
 
 And we will all the pleasure prove. 
 That hills and vallies, dale andjield. 
 And all the craggy mountains yield. Raleigh. 
 
 By the civil law the corpse of persons deceased 
 were buried out of the city in the^'eWs. Ayliff'e. 
 
 2. Ground not enclosed. 
 
 Field lands are not exempted from mildews, 
 nor yet from smut, where it is more than in in- 
 closed lands. Mortimer. 
 
 3. Cultivated tract of ground. 
 
 Or great Osiris, who first taught the swain 
 In Pharian^e/Ws to sow the golden grain. Pope. 
 
 4. The open country : opposed to house or 
 quarters. 
 
 Since his majesty went into ihe Jiehlt 
 I b»ve seen her rise from her bed. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 F I E 
 
 5. The ground of battle. 
 
 When a man is in the /leM, a moderate skill in 
 fencing rather exposes niin to the swurd of his 
 ciu-niy, than secures Inni from it. Locke. 
 
 6. A battle ; a campaign ; the action of an 
 ai*my while it keeps the field. 
 
 You niaiiitaiu =;everal factions ; 
 And whilst ajield should bedispatch'd and fought, 
 You are disputing of vour generals. Shahesp. 
 
 VVIiat tiiou^li ihejicld be lost, 
 All is not lost. Millons Par. Lost. 
 
 7. A wide expanse. 
 
 The god a clearer space for heav'n desjgn'd ; 
 Where Jields of light and liquid ctiier flow, 
 Purg'd from the ]iond'rous dregs of earth below. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ask of yonder ardent Jields above, 
 Why Jove's satellites are less than Juve? Pnpe. 
 l^» space ; compass ; extent. 
 
 The ill-natured man gives himself a large^drf to 
 
 expatiate in : he exposes failings in human nature. 
 
 Addisoris Spectutiii-. 
 
 I should enter upon a field too wide, and too 
 much beaten, if I should display all the advantages 
 uf peace. Smal ridge . 
 
 \Vho can thi«^e/rf of miracles survey, 
 And not witli Galen all in rapture say. 
 Behold a Gud, adme liim and obey. Blackmme. 
 
 9. The ground or blank space on which 
 fi;:ares are drawn. 
 
 Let the field or ground of tlie picture be clean, 
 light, and well united with coh)nr. Drudcn. 
 
 10. [Inheraldry.] Thesurlace of a shield. 
 Fi'f.lded. adj. [from Jitld.] Being in 
 
 field of battle. 
 
 Now, INIars, I pr'ythee, make us quick in work ; 
 That we with snioUin^ swurds may march from 
 
 hence, 
 I'o help our yielded friends. Shakesp. Coriol. 
 
 FiKLD-BASiL. n, s. [field 'dnd basil.'] A 
 
 plant. 
 Fi'eldbed. w. s. [field and bed.] A bed 
 contrived to be set up easily in the field. 
 
 Romeo, good night; I'll to my truckle bed, 
 This Jieldbed is ton cold for mc tu sleep. Shakesp. 
 Fi'eldfare. n. s. [pelb and papan, lo 
 wander in the fields ; iurdiis pilaris.] 
 A bird. 
 
 Winter birds, as woodcocks and fieldfares, if 
 they come early out of the nurthern countries, 
 witn us shew coid winters. Bacon. 
 
 Fi'EhDMA'RSUA'L.n,s.[fiild and marshal.] 
 Commander of an army in the field. 
 
 Fi'eldmouse. 71. s. [field and mouse; 
 
 nitidula.] A mouse that burrows in 
 
 banks, and makes her house with various 
 
 apartments. 
 
 The jieldmouse builds her garner under ground. 
 
 Drxiiicn. 
 
 Fieldmice are apt to gnaw their roots, and kill 
 
 them in hard VVinters. Mortimer's Hiisbimdrij. 
 
 Fi'eldofficer. U.S. [field and officer.] 
 An officer whose command in the field 
 extends to a whole regiment: as the co- 
 lonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major. 
 
 Fi'eldpiece.w. s. [field and piece.] Small 
 cannon used in battles, but not in sieges- 
 
 The bassa planting his fieldpieces upon the hills, 
 did from thence grievously annoy the defendants. 
 
 Knolles. 
 
 Fiend, n. s. [pienb, pionb. Sax. a foe.] 
 
 1. An enemy; the great enemy of man- 
 kind; ^atan; the devil. 
 
 Tom IS followed by the io\i\ fiend. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Any infernal being. 
 
 What now, liad I a body again, 1 could, 
 Coming from hell ; what^end^ would wish should 
 
 be, 
 And Hannibal cnuld not have wish'd to see. 
 
 Ben JoTisons Cat. 
 
 F I E 
 
 The bell-hounds, as ungorg'd with flesh and 
 blood, 
 Pursue their prey, and seek their wonted food ; 
 The fend remounts his courser. Dryden. 
 
 O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind 
 Is beiit, all hell contains no ftmler fiend. Pope. 
 
 FIERCE, adj. [fier, Vv.ferox, Lat.] 
 1. Savage; ravenous; easily enraged. 
 
 Thou hunlest me as aferce lion. Job. 
 
 "2. Vehement in rage; eager of mischief. 
 Destruction enters in the treacherous wood. 
 And vengeful slaughter, _/iV?ce for human blood. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Tyrantsyicrce, tliat unrelenting die. P^e. 
 
 With that the god, whose eartliquakes rock the 
 
 ground. 
 
 Fierce to Phceacia crost the vast profound. Pope. 
 
 3. Violent ; outrageous ; vehement. 
 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and 
 
 their wrath, for it was cruel. Cen. xlix. 7. 
 
 4. Passionate; angry; furious. 
 
 This^Vire abridgment 
 Hath to it circumstantial brunches, which 
 Distinction should be rich in. Shakes}}. Cymbeline. 
 A man brings his mind to be positive and^crcc 
 for positions whose evidence he has never exa- 
 mined. Locke. 
 
 5. Strong; forcible; violent; with celerity. 
 
 The ships, though so great, are driven oi fierce 
 winds; yet are they turned about with a" very 
 small helm. JameSt iii. 4. 
 
 Fi'ekcely. adv. [from fierce.] Violently ; 
 
 furiously. 
 
 Buttle join'd, and both s'ide^fercely forttiht. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The defendants, ^eJTfi/y assailed by their ene- 
 mies before, and beaten with the great ordnance 
 behind, were grievously distressed. Knolles. 
 
 The air, if very cold, irritateth the flame, and 
 maketli it burn more fcrccly, as fire scorcheth in 
 frosty weather. Bacon. 
 
 Fi'erceness. n. s. [from^errf.] 
 
 1. Ferocity ; savageness. 
 
 The defect of heat which gives^'erceness to our 
 natures, may contribute to that roughness of our 
 language, Swi^'t. 
 
 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 
 
 Suddenly there came out of a wood a ni(jn- 
 strous lion, with a she-bear not far from him, of 
 little ies*^ fierceness. Sidney. 
 
 3. Quickness to attack ; keenness in anger 
 and resentment. 
 
 The Greeks are strong, and skilful to their 
 strength, 
 Fierce to their skill, and to llieir_/ierce7ie&i valiant. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. Violence ; outrageous passion. 
 
 His pride and brutal /(frcfncss I abhor ; 
 But scorn your mean suspicions of me more. Dryd. 
 
 5. Vehemence; hasty force. 
 
 Fierifa'cias. n. s, [In law.] A judi- 
 cial writ, that lies at all times within the 
 year and day, for him that has recovered 
 in an action of debt or damages, to the 
 sherifFj to command him to lexy the debt 
 or the damages of his goods against 
 whom the recovery was had, Cowel. 
 
 Fi'eriness. n.s. [£rom fieri/.] 
 
 1. Hot qualities; heat; acrimony. 
 
 The ashes, by their heat, their^eriness, and their 
 dryness, belong to the element of earth. Boyle. 
 
 2. Heat of temper ; intellectual ardour. 
 The Italians, notwithstanding their natural 
 
 feriness of temper, affect always to appear sober 
 and sedate. Addiion. 
 
 Fi'ery. adj. [frora^rc] 
 1. Consisting of fire. 
 
 Scarcely had Phoebus in the gloomy East 
 Yet liarnessed his fery footed teara, 
 
 Ne rear'd above the earth his flaming crest, 
 When the last deadly smoak aloft did stream. 
 
 Fairy Queen 
 
 712
 
 F I F 
 
 1 know, thou'dst rather 
 Tollow thine enemy in njieri/ gulpli 
 Than flatter liim iiv a hower. iihakesp. 
 
 2. Hot like fire. 
 
 Hath ibyjicry heart so parcht thy entrails, 
 That not a tear can fall for Rutland's death rS/ia;:, 
 
 3. V'ehement ; ardent ; active. 
 
 Then^^erj cxpedilinn he my wing, 
 
 and hciaid for i 
 I drew this ^'allanl licad of war. 
 
 Jove's Mercury, and hciald for a knig. bnakesp. 
 
 Shak. 
 
 And cull'd these /iery spirits from the world. 
 To outlook conquest^ and to win renown 
 Ev'n in the jaws of danuer and of death. 
 
 4. Passionate ; outrajjeous ; easily provoked. 
 
 You know thc_/ie)-ui|ualitj of the duke ; 
 How unreniovcahle, and fixt is he 
 in his own course. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 5. Unrestrained ; fierce. 
 
 Then, as I said, the duke, great Polingbroke, 
 IMounted upon a hot and //eri/ steed. 
 Which his aspiring rider seein'd to know. 
 With slow but stately pace kept on his course. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Through Elis and the Grecian towns he flew ; 
 Th' audacious wretch iot fiery coursers drew. Dryd. 
 
 6. Heated by fire. 
 
 The sword which is made fiery doth not only 
 cut, by reason of the sharpness which simply it 
 hath, but also burn by means of that heat which 
 it hath from fire. Hooker. 
 
 See ! from the brake the whirring pheasant 
 sprinj;?. 
 And mounts ulting on triumphant wings : 
 
 Short is his joy ; he feels the /leri/ wound. 
 Flutters in blouii, and panting beah the ground. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Fife. n. s. Ififre, Fr.] A pipe blown to 
 the driun ; military wind musick. 
 
 Farewell the plumed troops, and the big war 
 That make ambition virtue ! oh farewell ! 
 Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump. 
 The spirit-stirring drum, theear-piercing_/^e.S'i(i/t. 
 Thus the gay victim, with fresh garlands 
 crown'd, 
 Pleas'd with the sacred^e's enlivening sound. 
 Through gazing crowds iii solemn state proceeds. 
 
 Philips. 
 Fiftee'n. adj. [pyp'cyne, Sax.] Five 
 and ten. 
 
 I have dreamed and slept above some fifteen 
 years and mo-e, Shak. Taming (f the Shrcir. 
 
 Fiftee'nth. adj. [pipteoSa, Sax.] The 
 ordinal of fifteen ; the fifth after the 
 tenth ; containing one part in fifteen. 
 
 Afiftecnth part of sil\er incorporate with gold, 
 will not be recovered by any water of separation, 
 except you put a greater quantity of silver to draw 
 up the less. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 London sends but four burgesses to parliament, 
 although it bear tUe fifteenth part of the charge of 
 the whole nation in all puhlick taxes and levies. 
 Graunt's Bills t^' Morality. 
 
 FIFTH, adj. [pipra, Sax.] 
 
 1. The ordinal of five; the next to the 
 fourth. 
 
 With smiling aspect ynu serenely move, 
 Inyoarfifth orb, and rule the realm of love. Drud. 
 
 Just as I wish'd the lots were cast on four. 
 Myself lhe_^/(/l. Pope's Odysscii. 
 
 2. All the ordinals are taken elliptically 
 for the part of which they express ; a 
 
 Jift/i, a fifth part ; a third, a third part. 
 
 The publick shall have lost iom fifths of its an-, 
 nual income for ever. Suiji. 
 
 Fifthly, adv. [{rom fifth.] In the fifth 
 place. 
 
 Fifthly, living creatures have a more exact fi- 
 gure than plants. Bacon's Xal. Hist. 
 
 Fiftieth, adj. [pifrteojo^a. Sax.] The 
 ordinal of fifty. 
 
 If this medium be rarer within the sun's body 
 than at its surface, and rarer there than at the 
 hundredth part of an iuch from its body, and rarer 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F I G 
 
 there than at the fiftieth part of an inch from its 
 body, ami rarer there than at the orb of Saturn, I 
 see no reason vthy the increase of density should 
 slop any where. Newton's Optieka. 
 
 Fifty, adj. [piprij. Sax.] Five tens. 
 
 A wither'd hermit, 6ve score Winters worn, 
 Miuht shake ffi fifty looking in her eye. Shak. 
 
 Judas ordained captains over thousands, hun- 
 dreds, fifties, and tens. 1 Mac. iii. 55. 
 
 In the Hebrew there is a particle consisting but 
 of one letter, of which there are reckoned nii 
 nhoxefifty several significations. Ixickr. 
 
 FIG. ii.s. [ficus, hat. Jigo, Span, flgve, 
 French.] 
 
 1 . A tree that bears fig.s. 
 
 The characters .ire : the flowers, which are al- 
 ways inclosed in the middle of the fruit, consist of 
 the leaf, and are male and female in the same 
 fruit : the male flowers are situated towards the 
 crown of the fruit; and the female, growing near 
 the stalk, are succeeded by small hard seeds ; the 
 iiUire fruit is, for the most part, turbinated and 
 globular, or of an oval shape, is fleshy, and of a 
 sweet taste. Milter. 
 
 Full on its crown tifig's green branches rise. 
 And shoot a leafy forest to the skies. Pope's Odys. 
 
 Or lead me through tlie maze, 
 Embowering endless of the Indian^'n-. TJiomson. 
 
 2. A luscious soft fruit; the fruit of the 
 fig-tree. 
 
 It niaketh fes better, if a figtree, when it be- 
 ginneth to put forth leaves, have his top cut off. 
 Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 Figs are great subduers of acrimony. Arbuthnot. 
 
 To Fig. v. a. [See FICO.] 
 
 1. To insult with fico's or contemptuous 
 motions of ihe fingers. 
 
 When Pistol lies, do this, afAfig me like 
 The bragging Spaniard. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 2. To put something useless into one's 
 head. Low cant. 
 
 Away to the sow she goes, and^^s her in the 
 crown with another story. L'Estrange. 
 
 Fi'gapple. n. s. A fruit. A species of 
 apple. 
 
 A figapple hath no core or kernel, in these re- 
 sembling A fig, and ditTering from other apples. 
 
 Mortimer's Hnsbandrij. 
 
 Figma'rigold. n.s. A plant. It is 
 succulent, and has the appearance of 
 houseleek ; the leaves grow opposite by 
 pairs. Miller. 
 
 Fi'g-gnat. n.s. [culexficarius.] An in- 
 sect of the fly kind. 
 
 To FIGHT. I'. 71. preter. fought; part. 
 pass, fought, [peohran. Sax.] 
 
 1. To contend in battle; to war ; to make 
 war ; to battle ; to contend in arms. It 
 is used both of armies and single com- 
 batants. 
 
 King Henry, be tliy title right or wrong, 
 Lord Clillord vows tofight in thy defence. Shak. 
 
 Fierce fiery warrior5_/i,g/tf upon the clouds 
 In ranks and squadrons, and right form of war. 
 
 bhakesp. 
 The common question is, if we must now sur- 
 render Spain, what have we heen fighting for all 
 this while ? The answer is ready '- we have been 
 fighting for the ruin of the publick interest, and 
 the advancement of a private. Swift. 
 
 For her confederate nations fought, and kings 
 were slain, 
 Troy was o'erthrown, and a whole empire fell. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 2. To combat; to duel; to contend in 
 single fight. 
 
 One shall undertake to fight agaiiist another. 
 
 2 Estlr. xiii. 
 The poor wren. 
 The most diminutive of birds, will /igJit, 
 The young ones in her nest, against the on I. 
 
 Shakep. Macbeth. 
 
 F 1 G 
 
 3. To act as a soldier in any case. 
 
 llichard, that robh'd the lion of his heart, 
 And/m£/i( the holy wars in Palestine, 
 By this orave duke came early to his grave. 
 
 Shak£sp. 
 
 Greatly unfortunate, hcfights the cause 
 Of honour, virtue, liberty, and Rome, Addaon. 
 
 4. It has with before the person opposed ; 
 sometimes against. 
 
 \'e fight leith the Chaldeans. Jer. 
 
 I'he stars in their coufseij'might against Sisera. 
 
 Jiulges. 
 
 5. To contend. 
 
 The hot and cold, the dry and ham'idfight. 
 
 Sandys 
 
 To Fight, r. a. To war against ; to com- 
 bat against. 
 
 Himself alone an equal match he boastj, 
 Tofight the Phrygian and th' Ausonian hostj. 
 
 Vryden't £neid. 
 
 Fight, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Battle. 
 
 Gabriel, lead forth to battle these my sons 
 Invincible, lead forth my armed saints. 
 By thousands and by millions rang'd (or fight. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Combat; duel. 
 
 Herilus in siogle^^^fif I slew. 
 Whom with three lives Feronia did endue; 
 And thrice I sent him to the Stygian shore, 
 'Till the last ebbing soul return a no more. Dryd. 
 
 3. Something to screen the combatants in 
 ships. 
 
 Who ever saw a noble sight, 
 That never view'd a brave sea-fight ! 
 Hang up >our bloody colours in the air. 
 Up with your fights and your nettings prepare. 
 
 Drydett. 
 
 Fi'ghter. n. s. [from fight.] Warriour; 
 
 duellist. 
 
 I will return again into the house, and desire 
 some conduct of uie lady : I am uofigltter. Shak. 
 
 O, 'tis the coldest youth upon a charge. 
 The most deliberateyi'^ftfer ' Dryd. All for Lmt. 
 
 Fighting, -participial adj. \irom fight.] 
 
 1. Qualified for war ; fit for battle. 
 
 An host o{ fitghting men went out to war bv 
 bands. 2 CAroji. 
 
 2. Occupied by war; being the scene of 
 war. 
 
 Infighting fields as far the spear I throw 
 .Is flies the arrow from the well-drawn bow. Pope. 
 Fi'gment. n.s. [figment am, J^at.] An 
 invitation ; a fiction ; the idea feigned. 
 
 Upon the like grounds was raised the figment of 
 Briareus, who, dwelling in a city called Hecatr>n- 
 chiria, the fancies of those times assigned him au 
 hundred hands. Broien. 
 
 Those assertions are in truth the figments of 
 those idle brains that brought romances into 
 church history. Bishop Uoyd. 
 
 It carried rather an appearance c( figment and 
 invention, in those that handed down the me- 
 mory of it, tban of truth and reality. Il'iwduxird. 
 FiGPECKEK. n.s. [fig and peck ; ficc- 
 
 dula, l.at.] .\ bird. 
 Fi'gulatk. adj. [from fignlus. Lat.] 
 
 Made of potters clay. 
 FIXiUHABLE. adj.' [from fipiro, Lat.] 
 Capable of being brought to certain 
 form, and retained in it. Thus leatl is 
 figurable, but not water. 
 
 'Fhc ditfereiices of impressible and not im- 
 pressible, _/i^ura/>/c and not_/i^iiraM€, scissible and 
 not scis>it>le, are plebeian notions. Bacon. 
 
 Figlrabi'lity. n.s. [from figurable.] 
 The quality of being capable of a certain 
 and stable form. 
 
 FlGlRAL. adj. [from figure.] 
 
 I. Represented by delineation. 
 
 4 V 
 
 718
 
 F I G 
 
 Iiicoiigruitiis have been committed by geo- 
 grauliers in the Jigural resemblances of several 
 refjiDns. Bvim-n. 
 
 2. l-ls^ural Number. Such numbers as 
 do or may represent some freometrieal 
 figure, in relation to which they are al- 
 ways considered, and are either lineary, 
 sujierficial, or solid. Harris. 
 
 FlGURATE. adj. [Jiguraliis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Of a certain and determinate form. 
 
 Plants are all fignrate and determinate, which 
 inanimate bodies are not ; for look how far the 
 spirit is able to spread and continue itself, so far 
 gueth the shape or figure, and tiien is deter- 
 mined. Bacon. 
 
 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate 
 form : as, figurate stones retaining the 
 f<jrms of shells in which they were 
 formed by the deluge. 
 
 3. Figurate Counterpoint. [In musick.] 
 That wherein there is a mixture of dis- 
 cords along with the concords. Harris. 
 
 4. Figurate Descant. [In musick.] That 
 wherein discords are concerned, as well, 
 thouffh not so much, as concords ; and 
 may well be termed the ornament or 
 rhetorical part of musick, in regard that 
 in this are introduced all the varieties 
 of points, figures, syncopes, diversities 
 of measures, and wliatever else is capa- 
 ble of adorning the composition. Harris. 
 
 Figura'tion. n. s. [Jiguratus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Determination to a certain form. 
 
 Neither doth the wind, as far as it carrieth a 
 voice, with motiiin thereof confound any of the 
 delicate and articulate Jigtirations of the air in 
 variety of words. Bacons I\at.Hist. 
 
 2. The act of giving a certain form. 
 
 If motion be in a certain order, there followeth 
 vivification andjiguration in living creatures per- 
 fect. Bacon's Nat Hist. 
 
 TiGVRATivE. adj. [figuratif-ve, Fr. from 
 Jigura, Lat.] 
 
 1. Representing something else ; typical ; 
 representative. 
 
 This, thej' will say, was figurative, and served 
 by God's appoiiitment but fur a time, to shadow 
 out the true everlasting glory of a more divine 
 sanctity ; whereinto Christ being long since en- 
 tered, It seemeth that all these curious e.Korna- 
 tions should rather cease. Hooker. 
 
 2. Changed by rhetorical figures from the 
 primitive meaning ; not literal. 
 
 How often have we been railed at for under- 
 standing words in d. figurative sense, which cannot 
 be literally understood without overthrowing the 
 plainest evidence of sense and reason. 
 
 Stillingfleet. 
 This is n figurative expression, where the words 
 are used in a different sense from what they sig- 
 nify' in their first ordinary intention. liogers. 
 '.i. Full of figures ; full of rhetorical exor- 
 nations ; full of changes from the origi- 
 nal sense. 
 
 Sublime subjects ought to be adorned with the 
 
 subllmest and with the mosi figurative expressions. 
 
 Dri^dens Juvenal, Pref. 
 
 Fi'guratively. adv. [{romjtgurative.] 
 By a figure; in a sense different from 
 that which Mords originally imply ; not 
 literally. 
 
 I'he custom of the apnslle is figuratively to 
 transfer to himself, in the first person, what be- 
 longs to others. Hammond. 
 Ihe words are different, but the sense is still 
 the same ; for therein are figuratively intended 
 Uziah andEzechias. Broun. 
 
 F I G 
 
 Satyr Is a kind of poetry in which human vices 
 are reprehended, partly dramatically, p-irtly sim- 
 ply ; but, fur the most part, Jignrath'elu and oc- 
 cultiv. Drydens Juvenal, Dedication. 
 
 I- I'GURE. n. s. [fgura, Lat.] 
 
 1. The form of any thing as terminated 
 by the outline. 
 
 Flowers have all exquisite Jigures, and the 
 flower numbers are chietly five and four ; as in 
 prim-roses, briar-roses, single rauskroses, single 
 pinks and gillifluwers, which have five leaves; 
 lilies, flowerdtluces, borage, buglass, which have 
 four leaves. Bacon. 
 
 Men find green clay that is soft as long as it is 
 in the water, so that one may print on it all kind 
 oi figures, and give it what shape one pleases. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Figures are properly modifications of bodies ; 
 for pure space is not any where terminated, nor 
 can bfe: whether there be or be not body in it, it 
 is uniformly contniued, Locke, 
 
 2. Shape; form; semblance. 
 
 He hath borne himself beyond the promise of 
 his a<ie, doing in the figure of a lamb the feats of 
 a lion. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Person ; external form ; appearance 
 graceful or inelegant, mean or grand. 
 
 The blue German shall the Tigris, drink. 
 Ere I, forsaking gratitude and truth, 
 forget ihe figure of that godlike ^outh. Dryden. 
 1 was charmed with the gracefulness of his 
 figure and delivery, as well as with his discourses. 
 
 Addison. 
 A good figure, or person, in man or woman, 
 gives credit at first sight to the choice of either. 
 
 Clarissa. 
 
 4. Distinguished appearance; eminence; 
 remarkable character. 
 
 While fortune favour'd while his arras support 
 The cause, and rul'd the cousels of the court, 
 1 made some figure there ; nor was my name 
 Obscure, nor X without my share of fame. Dryd. 
 
 The speech, I believe, was not so much de- 
 signed by the knight to inform the court, as to 
 give him ^figure iu my eye, and keep up liis cre- 
 dit in the country- Addiso}i's Spectator. 
 
 Nrrt a woman "shall be unexplained that makes 
 afigure either as a maid, a wife, or a widow. 
 
 Addison's Guardiaji. 
 
 AVhetlrer or no they have done well to set you 
 up for making another kind of figure, time will 
 witness. Addison. 
 
 Many ptinces made very^ ill ^'^ures upon the 
 throne, who before were the iavourites of the 
 people. Addisotis Freeholder, 
 
 5. Magnificence ; splendour. 
 
 If it be his chief end in it to grow rich, that he 
 may live mfigui^c and indulgence, and be able to 
 retire from business to idleness and hurry, his 
 trade, as to him, loses all its inuocencj. Line. 
 
 6. A statue ; an image ; something formed 
 in resemblance of somewhat else. 
 
 Several statues which seemed at a distance of 
 the whitest marble, were nothing else but so many 
 figures ill snow. Addison. 
 
 7. Representations in painting; persons 
 exhibited in colours. 
 
 In the principal /["o'ures of a picture the painter 
 is to employ the sinews of his art ; for in tliem 
 consists the principal beauty of his work. Dryd. 
 
 My favourite hooks and pictures sell ; 
 Kindly throw in a \iil\e figure. 
 And set the price upon the bigger. Prior. 
 
 8. Arrangement; disposition ; modification. 
 
 The _^o-iu-e of a syllogism is the proper disjjo- 
 sition of the middle term %vith the parts of the 
 question. Watts's Logick. 
 
 9. A character denoting a number. 
 
 Hearts, tongues, J?gures, scribes, bards, poets 
 cannot 
 Think, speak, cast, write, sing, number 
 His love to Antony. Shakes}^. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 He tliat seeketVi to be eminent amongst able 
 men, hath a sreat task ; but that is ever enod for 
 the publick : but he that plots to be the only /7>jue 
 among cyphers, is the decay of a wliole age. Bac 
 
 F I G 
 
 As In accounts cyphers ami figures pass for reid 
 sums, so in human attairs words pass for things 
 themselves. South's Sermons. 
 
 10. The horoscope; the diagram of the 
 aspects of the asti'ological houses. 
 
 We do not know what's brought to pass under 
 the profession of fortunetellinp; she works by 
 charms, by spells, by ihe figure, and daubry be- 
 yond our element. Shakesp. 
 
 He set a figure to discover 
 If you were fled to Rye or Dover. Hudihras. 
 
 F(g»7-e-rtingers and star-gazers pretend to fore- 
 tell the fortunes of kingdoms, and have no fore- 
 sight in what concerns themselves. L'Estrange. 
 
 11. [In theology.] Type ; representative. 
 
 Who was the /j^ureof him that is to come. Bom. 
 
 12. [In rhetorick,] Any mode of speak- 
 ing ill which words are detorted from 
 their literal and primitive sense. In 
 strict acceptation, the change of a word 
 is a (rope, and any affection of a sen- 
 tence ajigiire ; but they are cotifounded 
 even by the exactest writers. 
 
 Silken terms precise, 
 Three pil'd hyperboles, sjiruce afi'eciation, 
 Figui'es pedanticai, these Summer flies 
 Have blown me full of maggot ostentation. ShaJc. 
 
 Here is a strange figure invented against the 
 plain and natural sense of the words ; f^r by pray- 
 ing to bestow, must be understood only praying 
 to pray. Stiliin^ittt. 
 
 They have been taught rhetorick, but never 
 taught language; as if the names of the figures 
 that embelTished the discourse of those, wno un- 
 derstood the art of speaking, were the very art 
 and skill of speaking well. Locke. 
 
 13. [In grammar.] Any deviation from 
 the rules of analogy or syntax. 
 
 To Figure, v. a, [from Jigm-o, Lat.] 
 
 1. To form into any determinate shape. 
 
 Trees and herbs, in the growing forth of their 
 bouglis and branches, are not figured, and keep 
 no order. Bacon. 
 
 Accept this goblet, rough with figurd gold. 
 
 Dryd. Virg, 
 
 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance ; 
 as in picture or statuary. 
 
 Arachne /i'gi(r'(^ how Jove did abuse 
 Europa like a bull, and un his back 
 Her through the sea did bear ; so lively seen. 
 That it true sea, and true bull ye would ween. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Now marks the course of rolling orbs on high, 
 O'erfigurd world now travels with his eye. Fi^e. 
 
 3. I'o cover or adorn with figures, or 
 images. 
 
 I'll give my jewels for a set of beads. 
 My gorgeous palace for a hermitage, 
 My gay apparel for an ahnsraan's gown, 
 ^lyfigur'd goblets for a dish of wood. Shakesp, 
 
 4. To diversify ; to variegate with adven- 
 titious forms or matter. 
 
 But this ctTusion of such manly drops, 
 Startle mine eyes, and make me more aniaz'd 
 Than had I seen the va.ulty top of heav'n 
 Figur\i quite o'er with burning meteors. Shakesp. 
 
 5. To represent by a typical or figurative 
 resemblance. 
 
 When sacraments are said to be visible signs of 
 invisible grace, we thereby conceive how grace 
 is indeed the very end for whicli these heavenly 
 mysteries were instituted : and the matter where- 
 ofthey consist is such as si gn\i\eth,figureth, and 
 represenieth their end. Hooker. 
 
 I'here is a history in all men's lives, 
 Figuring the nature of the times deceased. Shak. 
 
 Marriage rings are not of this stuff : 
 Oh ! why should ouglit less precious or less tough 
 Figure our loves ? Donne. 
 
 An heroic poem sliould be more fitted to the com- 
 mon actions and passions of human life, and more 
 like a glass of nature, _^"^urin^ a more^ practicable 
 virtue to us than was ^one by the ancients. Dryd. 
 
 711
 
 F I L 
 
 The emperor appears as a rising sun, and holds 
 a elobe in his hand tof^ure out the earth Uiat is 
 enlightened and actuated bv his beams. AdiUim. 
 
 6. To image in the minti. 
 
 None that feels sensibly the decays <.f afie, and 
 his life wearing oU", can _/iViire to himself those 
 iuiagiuary charn}s iu riches and praise, that men 
 are apt to do in tlie warmth of their blood. Temple. 
 
 If love, alas! be pain, the pain I hear 
 No thought can feiire, and no tongue declare. 
 
 Prirr. 
 
 7. To prefigure ; to foreshow. 
 
 Three glorious suns, each one a pefect sun ; 
 In this the heaven figures some event. Shakesp. 
 
 8. To form figuratively ; to use in a sense 
 not literal. 
 
 Figuird and metaphorical expressions do well 
 to illustrate more abstruse and unfamiliar ideas, 
 which the mind is not yet thoroughly accus- 
 tomed to. Lecke. 
 
 9. To note by characters. 
 
 Each thought was visible that roll'd within. 
 As thro' a crystal glass &,ejigur'd hours are seen. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Fi'guRE-FLINGER. ti.s. [figure and fling.] 
 A pretender to astrology and prediction. 
 
 Quacks, tigure-Jlingiri, pettifoggers, and repub- 
 lican plotters cannot well live witliout it. Collier. 
 
 Fi'gwort. n. s. [Jig and wort ; Jicaria.'] 
 A plant. " Miller. 
 
 Fila'oeous. adj. [(eomjilum, Lat.] Con- 
 sisting of threads; composed of tlireads. 
 
 They make cables of the bark of lime trees ; it 
 is the stalk that maketli tlie yi/aceus matter com- 
 monly, and sometimes the down that groweth 
 above. Bdcon's Xut. Hist. 
 
 FILACER, n.s. [Jilazarius, low Lat. 
 Jilum.] An officer in the Common Pleas, 
 so called because he files those writs 
 whereon be makes process. There are 
 fourteen of them in their several divi- 
 sions and counties: they make out all 
 original process, as well real as personal 
 and mixt. Harris. 
 
 Fi'lament. n. s. [filament, Fr. fila- 
 menta, Lat.] A slender thread; a body 
 slender and long like a thread. 
 
 ITie etHuvium passing out in a smaller thread, 
 and more enliglitened JiUment, it stirretli not the 
 bodies interposed. Brown. 
 
 I'he iun^s of consumptives have been con- 
 sumed, nothing remaining but the ambient mem- 
 brane, and a number of withered veins and^^Va- 
 meiUs. Hm-ixu. 
 
 I'he ever-rolling orb's impulsive ray 
 On the next threads and^/amen(s does bear, 
 Which form the springy texture I'f the air ; 
 And those still strike llie next, 'till to the sight 
 The quick vibration propagates the liglit. Blackm. 
 
 The dung of horses is nothing butthe tilaments 
 of the hay, and as such combustible. A'rbuthnot. 
 
 Fi'lbert. n.s. [This is derived by ./(an'uj 
 and Skinner from the long beards or 
 husks, as corrupted from Jull hturd or 
 full of beard. It i)robabl}' had its name, 
 like many other fruits, from some one 
 that introduced or cultivated it ; and is 
 therefore corrupted from Filbert or FiVi - 
 hert, the name of him who brought it 
 hither.] A fine hazel nut with a thin 
 shell. 
 
 In August comes fruit of all sorts ; as plumbs, 
 piars, apricots, barberries, /(ierti, muskmclons, 
 monkshoods of all colours. Bcicvn's Essays. 
 
 Thou hast a brain, such as it is indeeil ! 
 On what else should thy worm of fancv feed ? 
 \ et in ajilbert 1 have ol'ten known 
 Slaggots survive, when all the keniel's pone. 
 
 Dorset. 
 
 F I L 
 
 There is also another kind, called ihcjitbert of 
 Cohstanlinople ; the leaves and fruit of which arc 
 hiprjer than cither of the furmer ; the best are 
 those of a thin sIk-II. Mortimer. 
 
 To i'ihCU. v,a. [A word of tincertain 
 etymolo;;y. The French word filer, 
 from which some derive it, is of very 
 late production, and therefore cannot be 
 its original.] To steal; to take by 
 theft; to pilfer ; to pillage ; to rob ; to 
 take by robbery. It is usually spoken 
 of petty thefts. 
 
 He shall find his wealth wonderfully enlarged 
 by keeping his cattle hi iitclosures, where they 
 shall always liave safe being, that none are con- 
 tinually /i/cAcd and stolen. Spenser, 
 
 The champion robbeth by night. 
 And prowlelh ai\6^lchetk oy daie. Tusscr^s Huih. 
 
 Who steals my purse, steals trash j 'tjg some- 
 thing, nothing ; 
 'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thou- 
 sands; 
 But he that filches from me my good name, 
 Robs me of that which not enriches him, 
 And makes me pocr indeed. Shakesp. Othel'ty. 
 
 He could discern cities like hives of bees, 
 wherein every bee did nought else but sting j 
 some like hornets, some like filching wasps, others 
 as drones. linrton on melancholy. 
 
 What made the venture lo betray, 
 An^ Jilch tiie lady's lieart away. Hudibras. 
 
 The pismire was fctrmerly a husbandman, that 
 svcrelly Jilched away hisneiglibour's goods. L'Est, 
 
 Fain would tliey]yi7oA thai little food away, 
 While unreslrain'd those hapj>^ gluttons prey.Dry. 
 
 So speeds tlie wily fox, alarm d by fear, 
 ^^ ho lately _/i7cA'iJ the turkey's callow care. Gau. 
 
 Fi'lcher. 71. s. [^Tomjiick.] A thief; a 
 
 petty robber. 
 FILE. n. s. [file, Yr.filum a thread, Lat.] 
 
 1. A thread. Not used. 
 
 But let me resume the file of roy narration, 
 which tills object of books, best agreeable to my 
 course of life, hath a little interrupted. Kotton. 
 
 2. A line on which papers are strung to 
 keep them in order. 
 
 All records, wherein there was any memory of 
 the king's attainder, should be cancelled and 
 taken off \.\\efiU. Bacon. 
 
 1 he peiiii(tns being tJius prepared, do you con- 
 tinually set apart an hour in a day to peruse those, 
 and then rank them into severaJ _/i/es, according 
 to the subject matters. Bacon. 
 
 I'h' apothecary-train is wliolly blind; 
 from files a random recipe they lake, 
 And many deaths of one prescription make. Dryd. 
 
 3. A catalogue ; roll ; series. 
 
 Our present musters grow upon the file 
 To live and twenty thousand men of choice, Shak. 
 
 The valu'd f:/e 
 Distinguishes the swift, the Vlow, the subtle. Shak. 
 
 4. A line of soldiers ranged one behind 
 another. 
 
 Those goodly eyes, 
 That o'er thefiles and niusteis of the war 
 Have glow'd like plated Mars, now bend, now 
 
 turn 
 Upon a tawnv front. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 So saying, on he led his radiant files, 
 Da«:lin'g the moon. Mi'Uon's Par. Lost. 
 
 5. [p£o\, Sax. vijic, Dat.] An instrument 
 to rub down prominences. 
 
 The rough or coarse-toutlied_/i7e, if it be larc^.is 
 called a rubber, and is t<» take off the unevenr.e^s 
 of your work which the Immmer made in tlie 
 forging : tlie bastard-touthod file is to take out of 
 your work the deep cuts, or file-strokes, the rough 
 file made : the fine-toothed file is to take out t^ie 
 cuts, or file-strokes, the bastard _/i7e made; and 
 the smooth file U to take out those cuts, or file- 
 strokes, that the duefilc made. Moiton. 
 
 A file for the mattocks and for the coulters. 
 
 1 Sam, xiii. *Jt. 
 
 The smiths and armourers or. palfrev s ride. 
 Files in their hands and hammers at theV side. Dry. 
 
 F I L 
 
 FiLECLTTER. M. «. [file Olid culter.] A 
 maker of files. 
 
 Gad-steel is a tough sort of steel iJiUciiXten use 
 it to make their clMssrli, with which they cut 
 tj>cir files. Mnirn. 
 
 To File. r.a. [from filum a thread.] 
 
 1. To string upon a thread or wire. 
 Whence to file a bill is to offer it in its 
 order to the notice of the jiid/re. 
 
 From the day his first bill was /i/rjlie be^ran lo 
 collect reports. Arbuthnat and Pr»pe'i Marl. bcnh. 
 
 2. [From peolan. Sax.] To cut with a file. 
 
 They which would JiU utcav most from the 
 largeness of that ofTer, do in mure sparii:e terras 
 acknowledge little less. naokrr 
 
 Let men l>e careful how ihev attempt to cure.i 
 blemish by Jiling or cutting on tlte head of such 
 an overgrown tooth. Ray. 
 
 3. To smtxjth ; to polish. 
 
 His huntour is lofty, his di.scoorse peremptorv. 
 Ills tongueyilfd, and nis eye ambitious. Sliakrrp. 
 
 4. [From pilan, Sax.] To foul ; to sully ; 
 to pollute. This sense is retained in 
 Scotland. 
 
 For Banquo's issue have IJiCd ray loind. 
 For them the gracious Duncan have I murdcr'd. 
 
 Shakap. 
 
 His weeds divinely fashioned, 
 Alljit'd and raangl'd. Chapman s Iliads. 
 
 To File. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 march in a file, not abreast, but one be- 
 hind another. 
 
 All ran down without order or ceremony, 'till 
 we drew up in good order, atvijited off. Tatler. 
 
 Did all the grosser atoms at the cell 
 0( chancejile olf to torm the poiidrous ball. 
 And undeterrain'd into order fall : Btack7iu>r€. 
 
 Fi'lemot. n.s. [corrupted from feucillr 
 tnorte a dead leaf, Fr.] A brown or 
 yellow-brown colour. 
 
 The colours you ought to wish for are blue or 
 Jilemot, turned up with red. Svifi. 
 
 FfLER. n. s. [{rom file.] One who files ; 
 one who uses the file in cutting metals. 
 FI'LIAL. adj. [filial-le, Tr.filius, Lat.] 
 1. Pertaining to a son ; befitting a son. 
 
 My mischievous proceeding may be the clory 
 of his Jtlial piety, the only reward now left fir so 
 great a merit. Sidnty. 
 
 From imposition of strict laws, to free 
 Acceptance of lar^e grace ; from servile fear 
 'i'o Jititil i works of law, to works of faiih. Mittem. 
 He griev'd, he wept, the sight an image brought 
 Of his o\^n filial love, a sadly pleasing Uiought- 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 "2. Bearing the character or relation of a 
 son. 
 And thus the^Uaf godhead aosw'ring spoke. 
 
 Milttm. 
 \Vhere the old myrtle her good influence sheds. 
 Sprigs of like leaf erect their jUiat heads; 
 And when the parent rose decays and dies. 
 With a resembling face the daughter buds arise. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Filiation, n.s. [from ^/(«s, Lat.] The 
 relation of a son to a fatlier ; correlative 
 to paternity. 
 
 The relation of pntemity andjilfa(ii>ii, between 
 the first and second person, and the relation be- 
 tween the sacred persons of the Trinity, and the 
 denomination thereof, must needs be eternal, be- 
 cause the terms of relation between whom that re- 
 lation ariseth were eternal. Halt's Orig. Mankind. 
 
 Filings, n.s. [without a singular; from 
 file.] Fragments rubbed off by the 
 action of the file. 
 
 The n/ings of iron infused in vinegar, will, with 
 a decoction of galls, make good ink, without any 
 copperose. Broim. 
 
 715
 
 F I L 
 
 The cliippings and filings of those jewels are of 
 more vahie tlian the whole mass of ordinary au- 
 thors. Fcltojt on the Chss. 
 To FILL. V. a [pyllan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To store 'till no more can be admitted. 
 
 Fill the waterpots with water; and they Jilted 
 Iheju up to the hrini. John, ii. 7. 
 
 I am v/ha fill 
 Infinitude, nor vacuous space. Milton, 
 
 The celestial quires, when orient light 
 Exhaling fir t from darkness they beheld ; 
 Birth-day of Heav'n and Earth; with joy and shout 
 The hollow universal orh Iheyfill'd. Milton. 
 
 2. To store abundantly. 
 
 15e fruitful, niultijily, and in the seas 
 And lakes and runnnig streams the watcrs^'H. Mii(. 
 
 3. To satisfy; to content. 
 
 He with his consorted Eve 
 The storv heard attentive, and wdsfill'd 
 With ad'miration and deep muse t<i hear. Jl/i/(mi. 
 Nothing but the supreme and absolute Infinite 
 can adequately ./i7( and superabundantly satisfy 
 the infiiiite desires of intelligent beings. Cheyne. 
 
 4. To glut ; to surfeit. 
 
 Thou art going to lord Timon's feast. 
 —Ay, to see meat fill knaves, and wine heat fools. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5. To Jill out. To pour out liquor for 
 drink. 
 
 0. To Jill out. To extend by something 
 contained. 
 
 I only speak of him 
 Whom pomp and greatness sits so loose about, 
 Tliat he wonts majesty to fill them our. Dryden. 
 
 7. To Jill up. [Up is often used without 
 much addition to the force of the verb.] 
 To make full. 
 
 Hope leads from goal to goal. 
 And opens still, and opens on Ins soul ; 
 Till Icnatheu'd on to faith, and unconfin'd, 
 It pours the bliss that fills ii)i all the mind. Pope. 
 
 8. Tojill up. To supply. 
 
 Wlien the several trades and professions are 
 supplied, you will find most of those that are 
 proper for war absolutely necessary (ur filling up 
 the laborious part of life, and carrying on the un- 
 derivork of the nation. Addison on the War. 
 
 S. Tojill up. To occupy by bulk. 
 
 There wnulil not be altogether so much water 
 required for the land as for the sea, to raise them 
 to an equal height ; because mountains and hills 
 would till up part of that space upon the land, and 
 so make less water requisite. Burnet. 
 
 10. Tojill up. To engage ; to employ. 
 Is it far you ride ? 
 — As far, ray lord, as v/\\\fiU up the time 
 'Twixt this and supper. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To Fill. v. n. 
 
 1. To give to drink. 
 
 In the cup which he hath filled,/!/ to her double. 
 
 Rei;. xviii. 
 We fill to th' general joy of the whole table, 
 And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To grow full. 
 
 3. To glut ; to satiate. 
 
 Things that are sweet and fat are more filling, 
 and do swim and hang more about the mouth of 
 the stomach, and go not down so speedily, Bacon. 
 
 4. Tojill up. To grow full. 
 
 Neither the Pains IMeotis nor the Euxine, nor 
 any other seas, fill up, or by degrees grow shal- 
 lower. Woodvard 
 
 The first stage of healing, or the discharge of 
 matter, is by surgeons called digestion; the se- 
 cond, or \he filling up with flesh, nicarnation ; and 
 the last, or skinning over, cicatrization. Sharp. 
 
 Fill. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. As much as may produce complete sa- 
 tisfaction. 
 
 Her neck and breasts were ever open bare, 
 That aye thereof her babes may suck their /i//. 
 
 Fairy Qneen. 
 
 F I L 
 
 But thus inflam'd bespoke tlie captain. 
 Who scornetli pi:ace sliali have hhjill of war. 
 
 Fa'nfoi. 
 
 When ycwere thirsty, did 1 not cleave tlie rock, 
 and waters flowed out'toyour^'//? 2 Esd. i. 20. 
 
 Mean wliile enjoy 
 Your Jill, what happine.ss this happy state 
 Can comprehend, incapable of more. Milton. 
 
 Amid' tlie tree now gut, where plenty liung 
 Tempting so nigh, to pluck and cat myjill, 
 I spar'd not. Milt'nis Farad. Lost. 
 
 Which made me gently first remove youv fears, 
 That so you might liave room to entertain 
 \'ouTjiU of joy. Denham's Sojyhy. 
 
 Your barbarity may have its^U of destruction. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. [More properly Ihill.'] The place be- 
 tween the shafts of a carriage. 
 
 This mule being put in \.\\cJiilo{ a cart, run 
 away with the carl and timber. Mortimer's Hush. 
 
 Filler. ?;. s. [from Jill.] 
 
 1. Any thing that fills up room without use, 
 
 'Tis a luveiJiUcr, to stop a vacancy in the hex- 
 ameter, and connect llie preface to the work of 
 Virgil. Drifdcns JEncid, Dcdic. 
 
 A mixtureof tender gentle thoughts and suitable 
 expressions, of forced and inextricable conceits, 
 and of needles5_/i'//trs up to the rest. Pope. 
 
 2. One whose employment is to fill vessels 
 of carriage. 
 
 They have six diggers to four fillers, so as to 
 keep t\wjillers always at work. Mortimer's Hiisb. 
 FILLET, n, s. [jtlet, Fr.Jllum, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A band tied round the head or other 
 part. 
 
 His baleful breath inspiring, as he glides. 
 Now like a chain around her neck he rides ; 
 Now like z fillet to her head repairs, 
 And with his circling volumes folds her hairs. 
 
 Dryd. ^n. 
 
 Slie scorn'd the praise of beauty, and the care; 
 A belt lier waist, a fillet binds her hair. Pope. 
 
 2. The fleshy part of the thigh; applied 
 commonly to veal. 
 
 The youth approach'd the fire, and as it burn'd. 
 On five sharp broachers rank'd, the roast they 
 
 turn'd ; 
 These morsels stay'd their stoniaclis ; then the rest 
 Tlicy cut in legs and Jitlets for llie feast. Dryd. 
 
 3. Meat rolled together and tied round. 
 
 Fillet of a fenny snake. 
 In the cauldron boil and bake. Shakesp. 
 
 The mixture tlms, by chymick art 
 United close in every part. 
 In fillets roll'd, or cut in pieces, 
 Appear'd like one continu'd species. Swift. 
 
 4. [In architecture.] A little member 
 which appears in the ornaments and 
 mouldings, and is otherwise called listel. 
 
 Harris, 
 
 Pillars and their fillets of silver. Exodus. 
 
 To Fillet, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To bind with a bandage or fillet. 
 
 2, To adorn with an astragal. 
 
 He made hooks for the pillars, and overlaid 
 their chapiters, an<] filletted them. Ex. xxxviii. 28. 
 
 To Fillip, v. a. [A word, says Skinner, 
 formed from the sound. The resem- 
 blance I am not able to discover, and 
 therefore am inclined to imagine it cor- 
 rupted from Jill upy by some combina- 
 tion of ideas which cannot be recovered.] 
 To strike with the nail of the finger by 
 a sudden spring or motion. 
 
 If I do, fillip me with a three-man beetle. Shah. 
 
 Then let the pebbles on the hungry beach 
 Fillip the stars ; tlien let tlie nHitin<ius winds 
 Strike the proud cedars 'gainst the fiery sun. Shak. 
 
 We see, that i( yinifilltp a lutestring, it slicweth 
 
 double or treble. Bacon s Xat. Hiit. 
 
 Fi'llip. n. s. [from the verb.] A jerk of 
 
 I the finger let go from the thumb. 
 
 F I L 
 
 Fi'lly. n.s. IJiloy, Wehh ; Jille, Fr.] 
 I. A young horse or mare. Not now used. 
 
 Geld fillies, but tits, yet a nine days of age, 
 They die else of gelding, and geldcrs do rage : 
 Yuangfillies so likely of bulk and of bone. 
 Keep such to be breeders, let gelding alone. Thmw. 
 
 A well-wayed horse will convey thee to thy 
 
 journey's end, when an unbacked _/i7li/ may give 
 
 thee a fall. Suckling. 
 
 •2. A young mare: opposed to a colt or 
 
 young horse. 
 
 I jest to Oberon, and make liim smile. 
 When T a fat and bean-fed horse beguile, 
 Neighing in likeness of a /i//j/ foal. Shakesp, 
 
 I am joined in wedlock, for my sins, to one uf 
 thusefillies who are described in the old poet. 
 
 Addism's Spectator. 
 
 FILM. n. s. [pymlefa. Sax.] A thin pel- 
 licle or skin. 
 
 \Vhiie thesilverneedle did work upon the sight 
 of his eye, to remove theyi7m of the cataract, he 
 never saw any thing more clear or perfect than 
 that white needle. Bacon. 
 
 Michael from Adam's eyes the film reraov'd. 
 Which that false fruit that promis'd clearer sight 
 Had bred. Milton's Par. Lost, 
 
 A stone is held up by the films of the bladder, 
 and so kept from grating or otfendiiig it. Graunt, 
 
 There is not one infidel so ridiculous as to pre- 
 tend to solve the ph?enoniena of sight, fancy, or 
 cogitation, by those fleeting superficial films of 
 bodies. Bentley'sjiermons. 
 
 He from thick^^lms shall purge the visual ray. 
 And on the sightless eyeballs pour the day. Pope. 
 
 To Film. v. a, [from the noun.] To cover 
 with a pellicle or thin skin. 
 
 It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, 
 Whilst rank corruption, mining all within. 
 Infects unseen. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Fi'lmy. adj. [from Jilm.] Composed of 
 thin membranes or pellicles. 
 
 So the false spider,' when her nets are spread, 
 Deep arahush'd in her silent den does lie ; 
 
 And feels, far olT, the trembling of her thread, 
 Wbosefilmy cord sh-.uld bind the struggling fly. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The wasps with fruitless toil 
 Flap filmy pinions oft, to extricate 
 Their feet in liquid shackles bound, 'till death 
 Bereave thera of their worthless souls ; such doom 
 Waits lu.vury, and lawless love of gain. Philips. 
 
 Loose to the winds their airy garments flew. 
 Thin glitt'riiig textures of thejilmy dew ; 
 Dipt in the richest tincture of the skies. 
 When light disports in ever-mingling dyes. Pope. 
 
 To FILTER. V. a. [Jiltro, low Lat. per 
 Jilum trahere.] 
 
 1. To defecate by drawing off liquor by 
 depending threads. 
 
 2. To strain ; to percolate. 
 
 Dilute this liquor with fair water, filtre it 
 througli a paper, and so evaporate it. Grew's Mils. 
 Fi'lt'ER. n. s. [Jiltrtim, Lat.] 
 
 1. A twist of thread, of which one end is 
 dipped in the liquor to be defecated, 
 and the other hangs below the bottom 
 of the vessel, so that the liquor drips 
 from it. 
 
 2. A strainer ; a search. 
 
 That the water passing through the veins of the 
 earth, should be rendered fresh and potable, 
 which it cannot be by any percolations we can 
 make, but the saline particles will pass through a 
 tenUM filter. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 FILTH, n. s. [pd^ Sax.] 
 ] . Dirt ; Hastiness ; any thing that soils or 
 fotils. 
 
 Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile ; 
 Filths favour but themselves. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Neither may you trust waters that taste sweet ; 
 for Ihey are commonly found in rising grounds of 
 great cities, which must needs take in a great 
 deal oi filth. Bacon's Nat. nist. 
 
 71G
 
 FIN 
 
 How perfect then is man r from head to foot 
 DefiI'd wilh_/i7l/i, and rotten at the root, iandip. 
 
 I'hough perhaps among the rout 
 He wildly iiings hh Jihh about ; 
 He still has gratitude and san'cnce, 
 To spare the folks that give him ha'pence. Swift. 
 2. Corruption ; grossness ; pollution. 
 
 Such do like" isecxceedingly dispose us to piety 
 and religion, by purifying oursouls from tlie dro<s 
 and fillh of sensual delights. Tiltotsayt 
 
 Filthily, adv. [(rom filthi/.] Nastily; 
 
 foully ; grossly. 
 
 It struck Jilthily in the camel's stomach that 
 bulls, bears, and "the like, should be armed, and 
 that a creature of his size should be left defence- 
 less. L'Estrange. 
 
 Fi'lthiness. n. s. \(rom Jillhy.\ 
 
 1. Nastiness; foulness ; dirtiness. 
 
 Blen of virtue suppressed it, lest their shining 
 siiould discover the others/i/tAincss. Sidney, 
 
 2. Corruption ; pollution. 
 
 They held this laud, and with their^/(/iin«s 
 Polluted this same gentle soil long time. 
 
 That their own mother loath'd their beastliness, 
 And 'gan abhor her brood's unkindly crftne. 
 All were they born of her own native slime. Spen. 
 
 They never duly improved the utmost of such a 
 power", but gave themselves up to all Xhefitthiness 
 and licentiousness of life imaginable. Soutli^s Serm. 
 Fi'lthy. adj. [from Jill/i.] 
 
 1. Nasty; foul ; dirty. 
 
 Fair is foul, and foul is fair ; 
 Hover through the fog andjilthy air. Shak, Mac. 
 
 2. Gross; polluted. 
 
 As all stories are not proper subjects foran epick 
 poem or a tragedy, so neither arc they for a noble 
 picture: the subjects both of the one and of the 
 other ought to have nothing of immoral, low, or 
 filthu in them. Drydens Dufresnoij. 
 
 7b FILTRATE, v. a. [from f/teri] To 
 strain ; to percolate ; to filter. 
 
 The extract obtained by the former operation, 
 burnt to ashes, and those ashes boiled in water 
 and filtrated, yield a fiery salt. Arbathnot on Akm. 
 
 Filtra'tion. n. s.' [from Jiltrate.] A 
 method by which liquors are procured 
 fine and clear. The filtration in use is 
 straining a liquor through paper, which, 
 by the smallness of its pores, admits 
 only the finer parts through, and keeps 
 the rest behind. Qtiinc)/. 
 
 We took then common nitre, and having, by 
 the usual way of solution, /i7fra(itfn, and coagula- 
 tion, reduced it into cr^'stals, we put four ounces 
 of this purified nitre into a strong new crucible. 
 
 Boule. 
 
 Fi'mble Hemp. n. s. [Corrupted from/e- 
 male.] 
 
 ■The light Summer hemp, that bears no seed, 
 which is called /imftfc htmp. Mortimer. 
 
 Good flax and good hemp, for to have of her own. 
 In May a good housewife will see it be sown ; 
 And afterwards trim it, and serve at a need ; 
 The timble to spin, and the carle fur her seed. Tiiss. 
 FIN. [pn, Sa-x. tin, Dut.] The wing of 
 a fish ; the limb by which he balances 
 his body and moves in the water. 
 
 He that depends 
 Upon yourfavDurs, swims with fins of lead. 
 And hews down oaks with rushes. Shah. Othello. 
 
 Their /ins consist of a number of gristly bones, 
 long and slender, like pins and needles. More. 
 
 Thus at half-ebb a rolling sea 
 Returns, and wins upon the shore ; 
 The watry herd, alVrighted at the roar. 
 Rest on iheir/i'ns awhile, and stav. 
 Then backward lake their wond ring wav. Drud. 
 
 Still at his oar th' industrious LibVs plies ; 
 But as he plies, each busy arm shrinks ni. 
 And by degrees is fashion'cl to nfn. AdJi on$ Ovid. 
 
 FiN-FOOTED. adj. [fin amljool ] Pal- 
 raipedous ; having feet with membranes 
 between the toes. 
 
 F I N 
 
 It is described like sissipcdes, or birds winch 
 have their feet or claws divided ; whereas it is 
 palniipedour or _/in;/t>o(tf(/, like swans and geese, 
 Hccordini^ to the method of nature in latirostrous 
 or flat-billed birds; which being generally swim- 
 mers, the organ is wisely contrived unto the action, 
 and they are framed with 6ds or oars upon their 
 feet. Broun. 
 
 Fi'nable. adj. [from Jine."] That admits 
 a fine; that which deserves a fine. 
 
 This is the order for writs of covenant that be 
 finable. Bacon. 
 
 He sent letters to the council, wherein he ac- 
 knowledged himself favoured in bringing his 
 cause JinabU. Hayward. 
 
 FINAL, adj. [final, Tv.finalis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Ultimate; last. 
 
 And over them triumphant death his dart 
 Shook; but delay'd to strike, though oft invok'd 
 With vows, as their chief good, and_/ina/ hope. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Conclusive; decisive. 
 
 There be many examples where fcea-fights have 
 hten final to theVar. Bucon. 
 
 Henry spent liis reign in establishing himself, 
 and hatf i.either leisure nor oppurlunity to under- 
 take \.\\t final conquest of Ireland. Davkson Ird. 
 
 3. Mortal ; destructive. 
 
 At last resoiv'd to work his final smart, 
 He lifted up his hand, but back again did start. 
 Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 4. Respecting the end or motive. 
 
 Some things in such sort are allowed, tliat tlicy 
 be also required as necessary unto salvation, by 
 way of direct, imtiiediate, and proper necessity 
 final; so that, without performance of them, they 
 cannot by ordinary course be saved, nor bv any 
 means excluded from life, observing ihem. Hookei: 
 
 By its gravity air raises the water in pumps, 
 siphons, and otlier engines ; and performs all those 
 feats which former philosnjjbers, through igno- 
 rance of the efficient cause, attributed to :ifinal, 
 namely, nature's abhorrence of a vacuity. Hay. 
 
 Your answering in the _^nai cause, makes me 
 believe you are at a loss for the elficient. Collia: 
 
 Fi'XALLY. adv. [fromfijiaL] 
 
 1. Ultimately; lastly; in conclusion. 
 
 Sight bereav'd 
 Ma3' chance to number thee with those 
 Whom patience A/w//u must cw^vn.Milt. Agonistes. 
 
 2. Completely ; without recovery. 
 
 Not any house of nohle English in Ireland was 
 utterly destroyed, ur^"na//v rooted out bv the hand 
 of justice, butthe house of Desmond only. Davies. 
 
 Doubtlessly many men are ^naZ/u lost, who yet 
 have no men'^s sins to answer fur but their own. 
 
 South. 
 
 FINANCE, 71. s. [Ft.] Revenue; in- 
 come ; profit. It is seldom used in the 
 singular. 
 
 This sort oi finance hath been increased. Bacon. 
 
 Ihe residue of these ordinary ^/in^'ic^^ he casual 
 or uncertain ; as be the escheats and forfeitures. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 His pretence for making war upon his neigh- 
 bours was their pvracies, though he practised the 
 same trade when he was straitened in his finances 
 at the siege of Byzantium. Arbuthnot. 
 
 FINANCER. n. s. [Fr.] One who col- 
 lects or farms the publick revenue; one 
 who understands the publick revenue. 
 
 Fi'nary. n. s. [from To fine.] In the 
 iron works, the second forge at the iron 
 mills. Did. 
 
 Finch, n.s. [puc, Sax.] .\ small bird, 
 of which we have three kinds, the 
 goldfinch, chaffinch, and bulfinch. 
 
 To Find. v. a. [puiban, Sax. vindn, Dut.] 
 
 1. To obtain by searching or seeking. 
 
 Ask. and it shall be civen to you ; seek, and ve 
 shall>mi. ~ Matt. vii. 7. 
 
 F I N 
 
 Whereas thoa hast searched all my stuff, what 
 haat thou^imiui of all the household stuff? 
 
 Gen. XXXI. 37- 
 
 She disappear'd, and left roe dark ; I wak'd 
 To find her, or for ever to deplore 
 Her luss. MiU^-n. 
 
 A bird that flies about. 
 And beats itself against the cage, 
 
 inding at last uo passage out. 
 It sits and shigs. C<ncUy. 
 
 2. To obtain something lost. 
 
 When he hathfonnd bis sheep, he layeth it on 
 his shoulders rejoicing. Luke, xv. 5 
 
 In my school days, when J had lost one shaft, 
 X bhot his fellow o^lhe self- same flight 
 The self-same way, with more advised watch. 
 To find the other forth ; by vent'rinp both, 
 I ohfimnd both. iyhakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 3. To obtain something desired. 
 
 Hius I embolden'd spake, and freedom used 
 Permissive, and accey lance found. MilXon. 
 
 Our voluntary service he requires, 
 Not our necessitated ; such with him 
 Finds no acceptance, nor can find. Milton. 
 
 4. To meet with ; to fall upon. 
 
 There watchful at the gate they^mi 
 Suspiciun with her eyes oehind. Vodsley's MisceLl, 
 In woods and forests thou ait found. Catclaj. 
 The bad must miss, the good unsought shall titiu. 
 
 f.ye. 
 a. To know by experience. 
 
 How oft will he 
 Of ihy chang'd faith complain! 
 And his fortunes^ml to be 
 So airy and so vaui ! Ctnrley. 
 
 The torrid zone is uo-vr found habitable. Cotctey. 
 
 6. To come to ; to attain. 
 
 Tlie sun that barren shines. 
 Whose virtue on itself works no effect. 
 But in the fruitful earih ; there first receiv'd 
 His beams, unactivcelse, their vigour_/in/i. Aliilon. 
 
 7. To discover by study, or attention. 
 
 The fox that first this cause of grief did find, 
 'Gan first thus plain his case with words unkind. 
 
 Hubberd. 
 Phvsicians 
 With sharpen'd s'ight some remedies ir.zyfind.Dry. 
 
 Thy maid ! sth, Jind some nobler theme. 
 Whereon thy doubts to place. Coicley. 
 
 8. To discover what is hidden. 
 A curse on him v,-]w found the oar Cotctei/. 
 
 9. To hit on by chance ; to perceive by 
 accident. 
 
 They build on sands, which if unmov'd iheyjind, 
 'Tis but because there was no wind. CovUy. 
 
 10. To gain by any mental endeavour. 
 
 I by conversing cannot these erect 
 From prone, nor lu their ways complacence find. 
 
 Siiltm. 
 If we for happiness could leisure An</, 
 And wand'riug time into a method bind. 
 We should not then the great men's favour need. 
 
 Covley 
 We oft review, each^^tu^in^ like a friend 
 Something to blame, and something to commend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 11. To remark; to observe; to perceive. 
 ITius far to try tliee, Adam, I was pleased, 
 
 At\d find thee k'nowing not of beast alone. 
 Which thou hast rightly nam'd, but of thy self. Jfih. 
 Beauty or wit in all Ifnd. Cauley. 
 
 12. To detect ; to deprehend ; to catch. 
 When first/ininil in a lie, talk to him of it as a 
 
 strange mouslrous matter, and so shame him out 
 ofii.'^ Locke. 
 
 13. To reach ; to attain. 
 
 1 hey are glad when tliey canjind the grave. 
 
 J<i6, iii. 
 They also know. 
 And reason not contemptibly with these ; 
 Find pastime, and bear rule. ilUton, 
 
 In solitude 
 What happiness, who can enjoy alone. 
 Or all enjoying, what conlentment_/iiuJ ? Afi/ton. 
 
 He did the uuuost bounds of knowledge^'nd. 
 Yet found them not so large as was his mind. 
 
 Cottiej. 
 
 717
 
 F I N 
 
 14. To meet. 
 
 A clear conscience anil heroic mind, 
 In ills tlicir biisiucss and tlieir gU^ryJind. Cowleii. 
 
 15. To settle; to fix anything in one's 
 
 own opinion. 
 
 Some men 
 The marks of oM and catholick wnuld/nd.CVuileu 
 
 16. To determine by judicial verdict. 
 They would enforce tliem lojind as thej would 
 
 direct; ajul if they did not, convent, imprison, 
 and fine them. _ Bacon. 
 
 His peers, upon this evidence. 
 Have found him guilty of high treason. Shakesp. 
 
 17. To supply ; to furnish : as he finds vie 
 in money and in victuals. 
 
 A war with Spain is like to be lucrative, if we 
 go roundly on at first; the war in continuance wdl 
 Jind itself. Bacm. 
 
 Still govern thou my song, 
 Urania, and fit audience/nd, though few. Milton. 
 
 18. [Inlaw.] To approve : as, to find a bill. 
 
 19. To determine : as, to find/or the plain- 
 
 20. To Jind himself. To be ; to fare with 
 regard to ease or pain, health or sick- 
 ness. 
 
 Pray, sir, how d'ye find yourself? says the 
 doctor. L'Estrange. 
 
 2 1 . To find out. To unriddle ; to solve. 
 The finding ont of parable is a wearisome labour 
 
 of theniiml.' Eccte. xiii.Sid. 
 
 22. To find out. To discover something 
 hidden. 
 
 Can'st thou by searching/iid out God ? Can'st 
 thou /indnnt the Ahniglily unto [icrfeclion ? Job, ii. 
 
 There are agents in nature able to make the 
 particles of bodies slick together by very^ strong 
 attractions, and it is the business of experimental 
 philosophy to find them out. Newton. 
 
 What hinde'rs then, but that yuufind her out. 
 And hurry her away by manly force? Addis. Cato 
 
 23. To find out. To obtain the know- 
 ledge of. 
 
 The principal part of painting is to findout, and 
 thoroughly to understand, what nature has made 
 most beautiful. Dryden. 
 
 24. To find out. To invent; to excogitate. 
 A man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and to 
 
 tind out every device which shall be put to him. 
 
 •^ i Chron. n. 11. 
 
 25. The particle o«i is added often with- 
 out any other use than that it adds some 
 force or emphasis to the verb. 
 
 While she proudly march'd about. 
 Greater conquests to find out. 
 She beat out Susan by the by. Couicy. 
 
 It is agreeable to compare the face of a great 
 man with the character, and to try if we chu find 
 outiu his limks and features either the haughty, 
 cruel, or merciful temper. Addison. 
 
 He was afraid of being insulted with Greek ; lor 
 which reason lie desired a friend lofind him ont a 
 clergyman rather of plain sense than much learn- 
 ing. Addiioji^s Spectator. 
 
 26. To find, is a word of very licentious 
 and capricious use, not easily limited or 
 explained ; its first idea is the conse- 
 quence of search; the second, equally 
 frequent, is mere oceursion. 
 
 Finder, n. s. [fromfind.] 
 
 1. One that meets or falls upon any thing. 
 
 We will bring the device to ihe bar, and crown 
 thee for !\.Jindcr of madmen. Sluih. Twelfth Night. 
 
 2. One that picks up any thing lost. 
 
 Some lewd squeaking cryer. 
 May gall Ihe Jinder's conscience, if they meet. 
 
 Donne. 
 O yes ! if any happy eye 
 This roving wanton shall descry, 
 Let thefinder surely know 
 Mine is the wag ; 'tis I that owe 
 The winged wand'rer. Crashaw. 
 
 F I N 
 
 Findfa'ult. n.s. [find and fault.] A 
 censurer ; a caviller. 
 
 We are the makers of manners, Kate ; and the 
 liberty that follows our places, stops the mouth 
 ul Mfindfaults. Shakesp. 
 
 FlNDY. adj. [gepin&ig, Sax.] Plump; 
 weighty ; firm ; solid. Not used. Thus 
 the proverb, 
 
 A cold May and a windy. 
 Makes the barn fat and findy ; 
 means that it stores the barn with plump and firm 
 
 gram. 
 
 Juiiins. 
 
 FINE. adj. [finne, Fr.fijn, Dut. and Erse ; 
 perhaps from finitus completed, Lat.j 
 
 1. Not coarse. 
 
 Not any skill'd in loops of fingering^ne. 
 With this so curious net-work might compare. 
 
 S^e7iser. 
 
 He was arrayed in purple and^ne linen. Luke. 
 
 2. Refined ; pure; free from dross. 
 
 Two vessels ofTinecopper, precious as gold. JE:ra. 
 
 3. Subtile ; thin ; tenuous : as, the_^n£ spi- 
 rits evaporate. 
 
 When the eye standeth in the finer medium, 
 and the object in the grosser, things shew greater : 
 but contrariwise, when the eye is placed in the 
 grosser medium and the object in the fina: Bacon. 
 
 4. Refined ; subtilely excogitated. 
 
 In substance he promised himself money, ho- 
 nour, friends, and peace in the end ; but those 
 things were too fiiie to be fortunate, and succeed 
 in all parts. Bacon. 
 
 Whether the scheme has not been pursued so 
 far as to draw it into practice, or whether it be too 
 fine to be capable of it, I will not determine. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 5. Keen; thin; smoothly sharp. 
 
 Great alTairs are commonly too rough and stab- 
 born to be wrought upon by i\)C finer edges or 
 points of wit. Baron. 
 
 0. Clear; pellucid; transparent: as, the 
 wine is fine. 
 
 Let the wine w ithout mixture or stum be ^Ufine, 
 Or call up the master. Johnson. 
 
 7. Nice ; exquisite ; delicate. 
 
 Are they not senseless then, that think the soul 
 Nought but a^'ne perfection of the sense ? Davies. 
 
 The irons of planes are set^ne or rank : they 
 are set fine when they stand so shallow below the 
 sole of the plane, that in working ihev take oft' a 
 thin shaving. JViojon's iiech. Exer. 
 
 8. Artful; dexterous. 
 
 The wisdom of all these latter times, in princes 
 atfairs, is rather fine deliveries, and shiftings of 
 dangers and mischiefs, than solid and grounded 
 Ci>urses to keep them aloof. Bacon. 
 
 9. Fraudulent; .sly ; knavishly subtle. 
 
 1'hrough his A'ne handling, and his cleanly Jilay, 
 He all those royal signs had stol'n away. Hub.Tale. 
 
 10. Elegant; beautiful in thought or lan- 
 guage. 
 
 To call the trumpet by the name of the metal 
 v.-3sfine. Dryden. 
 
 11. Applied to person, it means beautiful 
 with dignity. 
 
 1-2. Accomplished; elegant of manners. 
 He was not only the /inesl gentleman of his time, 
 but one of the finest scholars. FeUon on the Class. 
 
 13. Showy; splendid. 
 
 It is w i'th a fine genius as with a fine fashion ; 
 all those are displeased at it who are not able to 
 follow it. Pope. 
 
 The saiirlcal part of mankind will needs believe, 
 that it is not impossible to be very /me and very 
 filthy. Snijt. 
 
 14. [Ironically.] Something that will 
 serve the purpose ; something worth 
 contemptuous notice. 
 
 That same knave. Ford, her husband, hath the 
 
 I^nest mad devil of jealousy in him, master Brook, 
 "that ever governed frenzy. Shakesp. 
 
 F I N 
 
 Tiiey taught us, indeed, to cloath, to dwel! in 
 houses. 
 To feast, to sleep on down, to be profuse: 
 A fine exchaiifje for liberty. Philip's Bnton, 
 
 Fine. n.s. [ffin, Cimbr.] 
 
 1. A mulct; a pecuniary punishment. 
 
 The killing of an Iriahiiian was not punished by 
 
 our law as manslaughter, which is felony and 
 
 capital ; but by a Jine or pecuniary punishment 
 
 called an ericke. Davies on Irelaiui. 
 
 •2. Penalty. 
 
 Ev'n this ill night your breathing shall expire, 
 Paying the /I'/iC of rated Ireacliery. Shah, K. John. 
 
 3. Forfeit ; money paid for any exemption 
 or liberty. 
 
 The spirit of wantonness is sure scared out of 
 hini : if tlie devil have him not in fee-simple, with 
 Jine and recovery, he will never, in the way of 
 waste, attempt us again. Shakesy. 
 
 Besides /ines set upon plays, games, bails and 
 feasting, they have many customs which contri- 
 bute to tlicir simplicity. Addison. 
 
 How vain that second life in other breath, 
 Th' estate which wits inherit after death ! 
 Ease, health, and life fur this they must resign, 
 Unsure the tenure, bat how vast thejirte/ rope. 
 
 4. [From Jinisy Lai. Jifi, evjin, Fr.] The 
 end ; conclusion. It is seldom used but 
 adverbially, in fine. To conclude ; to 
 sum up all ; to tell all at once, 
 
 Injine, whatsoever he was, he was nothing but 
 what it pleased Zelraane, the powers of his spirit 
 depending of her. Sidney. 
 
 His resolution, injine, is, that in the church a 
 number of things are strictly observed, whereof 
 no law of scripture maketh mention one way or 
 other. Hooker. 
 
 Still thejine's the crow n ; 
 Whate'er the course, the end is the renown. SJiak. 
 
 Your daughter, ere she seems as won, 
 Desires this ring; appoints him an encounter; 
 Injine, delivers^me to fill the lime, 
 Herself most chastely absent. Shakesp. 
 
 The blessings of fortune are the lowest ; the 
 next are tiie bodily advantages of streng^th and 
 health ; but the superlative blessings, injine, are 
 those of the mind. VKstrange. 
 
 Injine, he wears no limbs about him sound. 
 With sores and sicknesses beleaguer'd round. Hry. 
 
 Injine, let there be a perfect relation betwixt 
 the parts and the whole, that they may be entirely 
 of a piece. Dryden. 
 
 To Fine. v. a. [from^wc, the adjective.] 
 
 1. To refine; to purify. 
 
 T\\iijining pot is for silver, and the furnace for 
 gold. Prov. 
 
 There is a vein for the silver, and a place for 
 gold, where they ^/le it. Job, xxviii. 1. 
 
 2. To embellish ; to decorate. Now not 
 in use. 
 
 Hugh Capet, also, who usurp'd the crown. 
 To Jine hi.s title with some shews of truth, 
 Convey "d himself as heir to th* lady Lingare.S/itifc. 
 
 3. To make less coarse. 
 
 It Jines the grass, but make it sliort, though 
 thick. Mortimer. 
 
 4. To make transparent. 
 
 It is good also for fuel, not to omit the shavings 
 of it for i\\ejining of wine. Mortimer s Hxi&bandry. 
 
 5. [From the substantive.] To punish 
 with pecuniary penalty. 
 
 To Jine men one-third of their fortune, without 
 any crime committed seems very hard. Locke^ 
 
 To Fine. v. n. To pay a fine. 
 
 What poet ever/n'd fur sheriff.^ or who 
 By rhymes and verse did ever lord nia_) or grow :' 
 
 Oldham. 
 
 To FinedRA'w. v. a. [fine ar\^ draw.] 
 To sow up a rent \\\i\\ so much nicety 
 that it is not perceived. 
 
 FinedRA'wer. n. s. [from finedraw.] 
 One whose business is to sow up rents. 
 
 718
 
 F I N 
 
 Finefi'ngered. adj. {fine and finger.] 
 Nice ; artful ; exquisite. 
 
 The most linejiuger'd workman on the ground, 
 Arachiie b^- his means was vanquished. Spenser. 
 
 Fi'nely. adv. [from fine.'] 
 
 1. Beautifully ; elegantly ; more than justly. 
 
 Plutarch says very Jinely, that a man should not 
 allow himself to hate even his enemies; because 
 if you indulge this passion on some occasions, it 
 will rise of itself in others. Addison. 
 
 The walls are painted, and represent the labours 
 of Hercules: many of them look verv/itif'i/, though 
 a preat part of the work has been cracked. Addis. 
 
 2. Keenly ; sharply ; with a thin edge or 
 point. 
 
 Get you black lead, sharpened_/!ne!i;. Peacham 
 
 3. Not coarsely; not meanly; gaily. 
 
 He was alune, save that he had two persons of 
 
 honour, on either hand one, Jinely attired in white. 
 
 Bacon s New Atlantis. 
 
 4. In small parts ; siibtilly ; not grossly. 
 
 Saltpetre was but grossly beaten ; for it should 
 not be findjj powdered. Boyle. 
 
 5. [Ironically.] Wretchedly ; in such a man 
 ner as to deserve contemptuous notice. 
 
 Letlaws beniade to obey, and not to be obeyed, 
 and you will find that kiu^domyinfi]/ governed in 
 a short time. South. 
 
 For liim she loves ! 
 She nam'd not me ; that may be Torrismond, 
 Whom she has thrice in private seen this day : 
 Then I am finely caught in my own snare. Drydcn. 
 
 Fi'neness. n. s. [from^ne.] 
 
 1. Elegance; beauty; delicacy. 
 
 Every thing was full of a choice Jineness, that, 
 if it wanted any thing in majesty, it supplied witli 
 increase in pleasure ; and if at the first it struck 
 not admiration, it ravished with delight. Sidtwy. 
 
 As llic French language has more Jineness and 
 smoothness at this time, so it had more compass, 
 spirit, and force in ]\Iontaigne's days. Temple. 
 
 The softness of her sex, and the Jineness of her 
 genius, consjiire to give her a very distinguishing 
 character. Prior. 
 
 2. .Show; splendour ; gaiety of appearance. 
 
 Tlie_^nf/ics5 of cloaths destroys the ease : itoften 
 lielps men to pain, but can never rid them of any : 
 the body may languish under the most splendid 
 Cover. Decay of Piety. 
 
 3. Stibtility ; artfulness ; ingenuity. 
 
 Those, with the fineness of their souls, 
 By reason guide his execution. Shahesp. 
 
 4. Purity ; freedom from dross or base 
 mixtures. 
 
 Our works are, indeed, nought else 
 But the protractive tryals of great Jove, 
 To find persistive constancy in men ; 
 The /iiifiifss of which metal is not found 
 In fortune's love. Shahesp. Troilus and Cressida. 
 
 I am doubtful whether men have sufficiently 
 refined metals ; as whether iron, brass, and tin be 
 refined to the height: but when they come to 
 such n fine/iess as serveth the ordinary" use, they 
 trv no f^irther. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 1 he ancients were careful to coin their money 
 in due weight and Jineness, only in times of exi- 
 gence they have diminished both the weight and 
 fineness. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Fi'nkry. ». .1. [from fine.] Show ; splen- 
 dour of appearance ; gaiety of colours. 
 
 Dress up vour luiuses and your iraagei. 
 And put on all the city's fineru. 
 To consecrate this day a festival. Smihem. 
 
 Ihe capacities of a lady are sometimes aut to 
 fall short in cultivating cleanliness and fineru to- 
 
 IJou t chuse your place of study by the /ni-ri/ 
 of the prospects, or the most various sceiies of sen- 
 sible things. j,-„„5 
 
 •riiey want tb grow rich in their trades, and to 
 maintain their families in some such fiirure and 
 degree ofjineri/. as a reasonable Christian life has 
 no occasion fur. j_uui 
 
 FIN 
 
 FJNE'SSE.n.s. [Fr.] Artifice; strata- 
 gem : an unnecessary word which is 
 creeping into the language. 
 
 A circumstance not much to he stood upon, in 
 case it were not upon somejinesse. Hoyu-ard. 
 
 Fi'ner. n.s. [from fine.] One who pu- 
 rifies metals. 
 
 Take away the dross from the silver, and tliere 
 shall come forth a vessel for the finer. Prov. xxv. 4. 
 
 FI'NGER. n.s. [pnjep, Sax. from fan- 
 gen to hold.] 
 
 1. The flexible member of the hand by 
 which men catch and hold. 
 
 The finders and thun^b in each hand consist of 
 fifteen bones, there being three to each^'n^fr. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 You seem to understand me. 
 By each at (mce her clioppy interlaying 
 Upon her skinny lips. Shak. Mac. 
 
 Diogenes, who is never said, 
 For aught that ever I could read, 
 I'o whine, put_An^er i' th' eye, and sob. 
 Because h' had ni;'er another tub. Hudibras. 
 
 The hand is divided into four /infers bending 
 forward, and one 0|>posife to them bending back- 
 wards, and of greater strength than any of tlieiii 
 singly, which we call Ihe thumb, to join with 
 therii severally or united ; whereby it is fitted to 
 lay hold of objects of any size or quantity. Bay. 
 
 A liand of a vast extensii>n, and a prodigious 
 numberof/iii;»er5 playing upon all the organ pipes 
 of the world, and making every one sound a par- 
 ticular note. tied against Burnet. 
 
 Poor Peg sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, 
 'till herTin^ers ends were sore. Artuth. John Bull. 
 
 2. A small measure of extension ; the 
 breadth of a finger. 
 
 Go now, go trust the wind's uncertain breath, 
 Kemov'd foiirjingers from approaching death ; 
 Or seven at most, when thickest is the board. Drurf. 
 
 One of these bows with a little arrow did pierce 
 through a piece of steel three /infers thick. II i/Zciiis. 
 
 3. The hand ; the instrument of work ; 
 manufacture ; art. 
 
 Fool, that forgets her stubborn look, 
 This softness from thy finger took. Waller. 
 
 To Fi'nger. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To touch lightly ; to toy with. 
 
 _ Go, get you gone, and let the papers lie ; 
 You would bejingeriiig them to anger me. Shak. 
 One that is covetous is not so highly pleased 
 with the nicer sight and Jingei-ing of money, as 
 with the thoughts of his being consideredas a 
 wealthy man. " Grew's Cosmol. Sac. 
 
 2. To totich unseasonably or thievish!)'. 
 
 His ambition would needs be^fingcring the scep- 
 tre, and hoistinghim into his father's throne. St'iim. 
 
 3. To touch an instrument of musick. 
 
 Siic hath broke the lute ; 
 I did but tell her she mistook her frets. 
 And bow'd her liand to teach her fingeriag. Shak. 
 
 4. To perform any work exquisitely with 
 the fingers. 
 
 Not any skill'd in loops of fingering fine. 
 With this so curious net-work might compare. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Finger-fern. n.s. [finger and /cm; 
 
 asplcnum, Lat.] A plant. 
 Finger-stone, n. s. [finga- ar\A stone ; 
 
 teknites, Lat.] A fossil resembling an 
 
 arrow. 
 
 FiNGLEFANGLE. n. s. [from /angle.] A 
 trifle : a burlesque word. 
 
 We agree in nothing hut to wrangle 
 About t1ic slightest tingltj'angle. Hudihras. 
 
 Fi'nical. ndj [from yi'nc] Nice ; foppish ; 
 pretending to superfluous elegance. 
 
 .\ whoreson, glassglazing, superserviceable, 
 Jinic'tl rogue. Shahesp fiiiig Lear. 
 
 F I N 
 
 I cannot hear ti finical fop romancing, liow the 
 king toijk him a^irir at such a time; what tie 
 queen said to him at anotlicr. I.'Estrange. 
 
 Fi'nically. adv. [^rom Jinicai.] Fop- 
 pi slily. 
 
 FiNiCALNESS. n.s. [from Jinical.] Su- 
 perfluous nicety; foppcrv. 
 
 To FI'MSH. P. a. rj?,/,r/Fr./nw, Lat.] 
 
 1. To bring to the end purposed ; to com- 
 plete. 
 
 K*>r which of yon, inteT:fiiiig to build a tower, 
 sittcth iiiit duwn first and comilcth the cost, whe- 
 ther lie liave stilTicient iojin'uh it? Luke, xiv. 1'8 
 
 As he had begun, so he would also /inis/i in ^ou 
 the same grace. 2 Car. viii. < . 
 
 2. To make perfect, 
 
 A pnet lists episodes ; but episodes, taken se- 
 parately, Anis/i nothing. Broome on the Odwffv- 
 
 3. To perfect ; to polish to the excellency 
 intended. 
 
 7'hough here yon all perfection should not find. 
 Yet is it all ih' Eternal Will designed ; 
 It is ajinisii'd work, and perfect in his kind. 
 
 BlachTU>r€. 
 
 1 would make what bears yourname aj^nuhed 
 as my hst work ought to be ; that is moTCjinahed 
 than the rest. 1*.^ c. 
 
 4. To end ; to put an end to. 
 Fi'nisher. n.5. [^rom Jin ish.] 
 
 1. Performer; accomplisher. 
 
 He that of greatest works isjinisher. 
 Oil ilues them by tiie weakest minister. Shakesp. 
 
 2. One that puts an end ; ender. 
 
 This was the condition of those times ; the world 
 against Athanasius, and Athanasius against it: 
 half an hundred of years spent in doubtful trials 
 which of the two, in the end, would prevail ; the 
 side whicti had all, oreUe that part which had no 
 friend but God and death, ihe one a defender of 
 his innocency, the other ajinisher of all his troubles. 
 
 3. One that completes or perfects. 
 
 llie author mid Jinisher of our faith. Hdfreut. 
 
 prophet of clad tidnigs [Jinisher 
 
 Of utmost hopeT Milton's Par. L<*st. 
 
 FINITE, adj. [JinituSt Lat] Limited; 
 boimded; terminated. 
 
 Scrvius conceives no more thereby than zjinitt 
 number for indefinite. Brvwus Vulg. Err. 
 
 Finite of any magnitude holds not any propor- 
 tion to infinite. Locke. 
 
 That supposed infinite duration will, by the 
 very supposition, be limited at two extremes, 
 Jjiough never so rt-mote asunder, and consequent- 
 ly must needs be finite. BcntUy. 
 
 FiNiTELESS. adj. [fromjinite.] Without 
 bounds ; unlimited. 
 
 It is ridiculous unto reason, &nd Jimteless as 
 thfir desires. Brpu-n"s Vntg. Err. 
 
 Finitely, adv. [from Jinite.^ Within 
 certain limits ; to a certain degree. 
 
 Thev arc creatures still, and th.it sets them at 
 an infinite distance from God ; w liereas all their 
 excellencies Can make thcra hut Jinttely distant 
 from us. Stillingtic'tt. 
 
 Fi'niteness. n. s. [from Jin it e.] Limi- 
 tation ; confinement ^vithin certain 
 boundaries. 
 
 1 ought now to unbay the current of ray passior , 
 and love without other boundary than what is set 
 by the/inifenfis of my natural powers. .VoniJ. 
 
 Fi'nitude. n. s. [frovajlnite,] Limita- 
 tion ; confinement within certain boun- 
 daries. This is hardly an authorised 
 word. 
 
 Finitudc, applied to natural or created things, 
 impurts the proportions of the several dt-grees of 
 atlVctiiMis, or properties of these things t-. one 
 another; infinitude, the unboundedness of these 
 degree? of alTections, or j-roperties. dfvne. 
 
 FiNLESS. adj. [from Jin.] Wanting fins. 
 
 719
 
 F I R 
 
 He angeT3 me 
 Willi telling of the muldwari) and the ant, 
 And of a dtagoii and a fnless fiih. Shnk. Hen. IV. 
 
 Fi'NLlKE. adj. [Jin and like.] Formed 
 in imitation of fins. 
 
 In shipping such as this, the Irish kern 
 And untaught Indian on the stream did glide ; 
 
 Ere sharp-keel'd boats to stem the flood did learn 
 Or finlike oars did spread from either side. Dryd. 
 
 Finned. ai(j. [fromfn.] Having broad 
 edges spread out on either side. 
 
 They plough up the turf with a broad finned 
 plough. . M.ntimer. 
 
 Finny, adj. [from^^n.] Furnished with 
 fins ; formed for the element of water. 
 
 High o'er the main in wat'rv pomp he rides. 
 His azure car and finny courses guides ; 
 Proteus his name." Drydens Virgil. 
 
 New herds of beasts he sends the plains to share ; 
 New colonies of birds to people air ; 
 And to their oozv beds the finnii fish repair. Dri/d. 
 
 While black w"ith storms the ruffled ocean rolls. 
 And from the fisher's art defend her^nnv sholes. 
 
 Blackniore- 
 
 With hairy springes we the birds betray ; 
 Slight lines of hair surprize the finny prey. Pope. 
 
 Fi'NTOED. adj. [^nand^oc] Pahui- 
 pedous; having a membrane between 
 the toes. 
 
 Such creatures as are whole footed, or /ntoed, 
 viz. some birds and quadrupeds, are naturally di- 
 rected to go into the water and swim there. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Fi'nochio. n.s. A species of fennel. 
 
 A plant. 
 Fi'ppLE. n. s. [from fibula, Lat.] A 
 
 stopper. 
 
 You must know, that in recorders, which go 
 with a gentle breath, the concave of the pipe, 
 were it not for the fipple that straiteneth the air 
 much more than the simple concave, would yield 
 no sound. Bacon. 
 
 Fir. n.s. [/2/rr, Welsh; pup)), Sax. _/^r, 
 Dan.] The tree of which deal-boards 
 are made. 
 
 It is ever green : the leaves are single, and for 
 the most part produced on every side of the 
 branches : the male flowers, or catkins, are placed 
 at remote distances from the fruit on the same 
 tree. The seeds are propagated on cones, which 
 
 are squamosa. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 He covered the floor of the house with planks 
 of^V. 1 Kings. 
 
 The spiring fir and stately box. Pope. 
 
 FIRE. 11. s. [pyri. Sax./ei« r. Germ.] 
 
 1 . The igneous element. 
 
 The force of/re ascended first on high. 
 And took its dwelling in the vaulted sky ; 
 Then air succeeds, in lightness next lojire. Dryd. 
 
 2. Any thing burning. 
 
 A little_/ire is quickly trodden out, 
 Which, being sutter'd, rivers cannot quench. Shak. 
 
 Wliere two raging^'rfs meet together. 
 They do consume the thing that feeds their fury. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 So contraries on .Etna's top conspire ; 
 Here hoary frosts, and by them breaks out^^rc. 
 
 C oieley. 
 
 3. A conflagration of towns or countries. 
 
 There is another liberality to the citizens, who 
 had suffered damage hy a grcatjire. Arbiit. on Coins. 
 
 Though safe thou ihink'st thy treasure lies, 
 ConceaI'd in chests from iuiman eyes, 
 AJire may come, and it may be 
 Bury'd my friend, as far from thee. Granville. 
 
 4. Flame; light; lustre. 
 
 Stars, hide ynurjires ! 
 Let not night see my black and deep desires. Shak. 
 6. Torture by burning. 
 
 Did Shadrach's zeal my glowing breast inspire, 
 To weary tortures, and rejoice in/i're? Prior. 
 
 6. The punisliment of the damned. 
 
 F I R 
 
 Who among us shall dwell with ihe devouring 
 Jire? Who among us shall dwell with everlasting 
 burnings? ha. xxxiii. 
 
 7. Any thing provoking; any thing that 
 inflames the passions. 
 
 What_/ire is in my ears' Can this be true? 
 Stand I condemn'd fur pride and scorn so much ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 B. Ardour of temper; violence of passion. 
 
 He had^Ve in his temper, and a German blunt- 
 ness ; and, upon provocations, might strain a 
 phrase. Atterhury. 
 
 9. Liveliness of imagination ; vigour of 
 fancy; intellectual activity; force of ex- 
 pression ; spirit of sentiment. 
 
 Nor can the snow that age does shed 
 Upon tliy rev'rend head, 
 Quench or allay the nobIe_^re witlun. 
 But all that youtli can be thou art. Cowley. 
 
 They have no notion of life and Jire in fancy and 
 in words, and any thing that is just in grammar 
 and in measure is good oratory and poetry tu them. 
 
 Felttm. 
 
 He brings, to make us from our ground retire, 
 The reasoner's weapons, and the poet's^>e.B/acA;m. 
 
 Exact Racine, and Corneille's noble_^re, 
 Taught us that France had something to admire. 
 
 Po})e. 
 
 The bold Longinus all the nine inspire, 
 And warm thecritick with a poet's_/ire. Pope. 
 
 Oh may some spark of your celestial J?rc, 
 The last, the meanest of your sons inspire. Pope. 
 
 10. The passion of love. 
 
 Love various hearts does variously inspire, 
 It stirs in gentle bosoms gentle/iVe, 
 Like that of incense on the altar laid ; 
 But raging flames tempestuous souls invade ; 
 A fire which every windy passion blows, 
 With pride it mounts, ana with revenge it glows. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Thojire of love in youthful blood. 
 Like what is kindled in brush-wood, 
 But for a moment burns. Shaduell. 
 
 The cod of love retires ; 
 Dim are his torches, and extinct his^rw. Pope. 
 
 New charms shall still increase desire, 
 And time's swift wing shall fan ihojire. Moore's Fa. 
 
 11. Eruption or imposthumation : as, St. 
 Anthony's Jire. 
 
 1 2. To set Jire on^ or set on Jire. To kindle ; 
 to inflame. 
 
 Hermosilla courageously set upon the horsemen, 
 and set Jire also upon the stables where the Turks 
 horses stood. Knotles. 
 
 He that sf t ti fire on a plane-tree to spitehis 
 neighbour, and the plane-lree set^Veou his neigh- 
 bour's house, is hound to pay all the loss, because 
 it did all arise from his own ill intention. TayJor. 
 
 1 3. To set a Jire, To inflame. 
 Soinflam'd by my desire, 
 
 It may set her heart a-fire. Carew. 
 
 Firearms, n. s. [Jiyr and arms."] Arms 
 
 which owe their efficacy to fire; guns. 
 
 Ammunition to supply their uev; Jirearms. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Before the use o^ firearms there was infinitely 
 
 more scope for personal valour than in the modern 
 
 battles. Pope. 
 
 Fi'reball. n.s. [^/'e and 6ff//.] Gre- 
 nado ; ball filled with combustibles, and 
 bursting where it is thrown. 
 
 Judge of those insolvent boasts of conscience, 
 wliich,like so many ^Vefoa/is, or mouth grenadoes, 
 are thrown at our church. South. 
 
 The same great man hath sworn to make us 
 swallow his coin mfireballs. Su-iji. 
 
 FiREBRUSH. n. s. [Jire and brush.] The 
 brush which hangs by the fire to sweep 
 the hearth. 
 
 When you are ordered to stir up the fire, clean 
 away the ashes from betwixt the bars with the 
 tire-'bnisk. Su-ift. 
 
 r I R 
 
 FiREDRAKE. n.s. [fire and drake.] A 
 fiery serpent : I suppose the prester. 
 
 By the hissing of the snake. 
 The ruslliiigof ihcjiredrtike, 
 1 charge thee thou this place forsake, 
 Nor 0! queen Mab he pratling. Drayton's Nympid. 
 FiRENEW. adj. [fire and neiv.] New 
 from the forge ; new from the melting- 
 house. 
 
 Armado is a most illustrious wight, 
 A man of /iVcnew words, fashion's own knight. S/iafe. 
 
 Some excellent jests^/iVcHf II! from the mint. Shak. 
 
 Upon the wedding-day I put myself, according 
 to custom, in another smijirenew, with silver but- 
 tons to it. Addism. 
 
 Fi'repan. n.s. [fire and pan.] Vessel 
 of metal to carry fire. 
 
 His firepans, and all the ressels thereof, thou 
 
 shall make of brass. Ea.xxvii. 3. 
 
 Pour of it upon n firepan well heated, as they 
 
 do rose-water and vinegar. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Fi'rer. n. s. [from_^rf.] An incendiary. 
 
 Others burned Moussel, and the rest marched 
 
 as a guard for defence of these_/irfrs. Carew. 
 
 Fi'reside. n.s. [fire and side.] The 
 hearth ; the chimney. 
 
 My judgment is, that they ought all to be de- 
 spised, and ought to serve but for Winter talk by 
 tncfireside. Bacm. 
 
 Love no more is made 
 By the^vcside, but in tlie cooler shade. Carew. 
 
 'Bs' hiifireside he starts the hare, 
 Ancf turns her in his wicker chair. Prior. 
 
 What art thou asking of them, after all ? Only 
 to sit quietly at thy own_/!reside. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fi'restick. n. s. [Jire and stick.] A 
 lighted stick or brand. 
 
 Children when they pla3' with^^resfic/cs, move 
 and whirle them round so fast, that the motion 
 will cozen their eyes, and represent an entire 
 circle of fire to them. Dighy on Bodies. 
 
 Fi'kework. n. s. [^reand work.] Shows 
 of fire; pyrotechnical performances. 
 
 The king would have me present the princess 
 with some delightful ostentation, or pageant, or 
 antick, or firework. Shakesp. 
 
 We represent also ordnance, and new mixtures 
 of gunpowder, wildfires burning in water, and un- 
 quenchable ; and aho fireworks of all variety. Bac. 
 
 ■The ancients were imperfect in the doctrine of 
 meteors, by their ignorance of gunpowder and 
 fireworks. Brown. 
 
 In fireworks give him leave to vent his spite ; 
 Those are the only serpents he can write. Uryden. 
 
 Our companion proposed a subject for a fire- 
 work, which he thought would be very amusing. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Their firewmrks are made up in paper. Tatler. 
 To Fire. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To set on fire ; to kindle. 
 
 Tliey spoiled many parts of the city, and fired 
 the houses of those whom they esteemed not to 
 be their friends ; but the rage of the fire was at 
 first hindrcd, and then appeased by the fall of a 
 sudden shower of rain. Hayward. 
 
 The breathless body thus bewail'd they lay, 
 Anifire the pile. Dryden. 
 
 A second Paris, diff 'ring but in name, 
 Shall/re his country with a second flame. Dryd. 
 
 2. To inflame the passions ; to animate. 
 
 Yet, if desire of fame, and thirst of pow'r, 
 A beauteous princess with a crown in dow'r, 
 So fire \om mind, in arms assert jourright. Dryd. 
 
 3. To drive by fire. 
 
 He that parts us shall bring abrand from heav'* 
 And fire us hence. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 To Fire. i'. n. 
 
 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 
 
 2. To be inflamed with passion. 
 
 3. To discharge any firearms. 
 
 The fainting Dutch remotely_A«, 
 And the fam'd Eugene's iron troops retire. Smith, 
 
 720
 
 F I R 
 
 Firebrand, n. s. [Jlre and brand.l 
 
 1. A piece of wood kindled. 
 
 I have eased iiiv f.ilher-iti-law of a JiTehrand, to 
 set in_v own house in a flame. L'Kstran^c. 
 
 2. An incendiary; one who inflames fac- 
 tions ; one who causes mischief. 
 
 Troy must not he. nor gf)ocHy Iii(ui stand ; 
 Our_/t"rf/»-and hrotiier. Paris, bums us iill. Hhakcsp. 
 
 He sent Surrey will' a competent power apainst 
 the rebels, wlio fought with the princijwl liand of 
 them, and defe;iteil tlietn, and took ahve John 
 Chamber, their_/ir€br«»(/. Bucon. 
 
 FrREfROSs. Ji. «. [fire and cross.] A 
 token in Scotland for the nation to take 
 arms: the ends thereof burnt black, and 
 in some parts smeared with blood. It is 
 carried from one place to another. Upon 
 refusal to send it forward, or to rise, the 
 last person who has it shoots the other 
 dead. 
 
 He sent his heralds through all parts of the 
 realm, and commanded the t^^'^cross to be carried ; 
 namciv, two 6rebrands set in fashion of a cross, 
 and pitched upon the point of a spear. H'tyiiitod. 
 Fi'relock. n. .f. [Ji re and lock.'] A sol- 
 dier's gun ; a gun discharged by striking 
 steel with flint. 
 
 Prime all yourjirr.tochs, fasten well the stake. Gal/. 
 
 Fi'rkm.an. n. *. [Jire and man.] 
 
 1. One who is employed to extinguish 
 burning houses. 
 
 The Arejnari sweats bi-neath his crooked arms ; 
 A leatnern cascnie his \cnrr(Mis head defends, 
 Boldly he climbs where thickest smoke ascends. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 2. A man of violent passions. 
 
 I had last nipht the fate to drink a bottle with 
 two of these^reme;!. Tatter. 
 
 Fi'repan. 7). 4. [Jlre and pan.] 
 
 1. \ pan for holding fire. 
 
 2. [In a gun.] The receptacle for the 
 priming powder. 
 
 FlRESHip. n. s. [jire and ship.] A ship 
 filled with combustible matter to fire the 
 vessels of the enemy. 
 
 Our men bravely (piitled themselves of the^re- 
 
 ship, by cuttin^^ tlie spritsail tackle Wiseman. 
 
 Fi'reshovel. n. s. [Jire and shoiel.] 
 
 The instrument with which the hot coals 
 
 are thrown up in kitchens. 
 
 Culinary utensils and irons often feci the force 
 of fire ? as tongs, _/ires/ioi;e/s, prongs, and irons. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 The neighbours are coming out with forks and 
 JircshoLcls, and spits, and other domestick wearions. 
 Drydens Spanish Fryar. 
 Fi'restone. 71. s. [Jire and stone.] 
 
 The /iVestone, or ]iy rites, is a compcund metallick 
 fossil, composed of vitriol, suljthur, and an unme- 
 tallick earth, but in very different pt'iportions to 
 the several masses. Tiie most common sort, which 
 is used in medicine, is a greenish shapeless kind 
 found in our clay-pits, out of which llie green vi- 
 triol or cojiperas is procured. It has its name of 
 pyrites, or ^'restojie, from its giving fire on being 
 struck against a steel much more freely than a flint 
 will do ; and all the sparks burn a longer time, and 
 grow larger as they fall, the inllaminable matter 
 struck from ofl^ the stone burning itself out before 
 the spark becomes extinguished. Hill's Mat. Med. 
 
 Firestone, if broke small, and laid on cold l.inds, 
 must be of advantage. Mortimer's Hmhandni. 
 
 Firewood, n. s. [Jire and wood.] Wood 
 
 to burn ; fewel. 
 Fi'ring. «. i. [from_^re.] Fewel. 
 
 They burn the cakes, Jiring being there scarce. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 To FiRK. V. a. [ferio, Lat.] To whip ; 
 to beat ; to correct ; to chastise. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F I R 
 
 Besides, it is not only fopuish, 
 Bui vile, idolairuus and pupish. 
 For one man uut uf his own skin 
 Tojirk and wliip another's siii. Hudibras. 
 
 Fi'rkin. n. s. [from peo^ep. Sax. the 
 
 fourth part of a vessel.] 
 I, A vessel containing nine fjallons. 
 
 Strull's SLTvants i;el such a hauiil about that 
 shop, that it will cost us iiianj a Jiirkin of btroiig 
 beer to bring them back again. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 *2. A small vessel. 
 
 You heard of that wonder of the lightning and 
 Wliicli made thr l^e so much the louder ; [thunder, 
 Now list to au'ftlier, th;it miracle's brotlicr, 
 AVhich was done with njirkin of powder. Denham. 
 
 FIRM. adj. [frmus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Strong ; not easily pierced or shaken ; 
 hard, opposed to snjf, 
 
 Tlie flakes of his flesh are joined together : they 
 arc^Vm in themselves and iTiey cannct be moved. 
 
 Job, xli. '23. 
 
 Love's artillery then checks 
 Tiie breastworks of llie Jinnest sex. CU-avehnd. 
 
 There is nothing t') be left void in ajtrm build- 
 ing ; even the cavities ought to be fdled with 
 runbish. Drvdt:n. 
 
 Tliat bod}', whose parts are most firm in llicm- 
 selvcs, and are by tlieirp*fculiar shapes capable of 
 the greatest contacts, is the most^irm ; and that 
 which has parts very small, and capable of the 
 least contact, will be most soft. JVoodward. 
 
 2. Constant; Steady ; resolute; fixed; un- 
 shaken. 
 
 We hold firm to the works of God, and to the 
 sense which is God's lam|j. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 lie straight obeys; 
 And^mi believes. Miltoji's Par. Lt^st, 
 
 The great encouragement is the assurance of a 
 future reward, the Jtrm persuasion whereof is 
 enough to raise us above any thing in this world. 
 
 Tilhtson. 
 
 The man that's resolute and just, 
 jpirm to his principles and trust, 
 Nor hopes nor fears can blind, Wahh. 
 
 3. Solid; not giving way; not fluid. 
 
 God caused the wind to blow to dry up the 
 
 abundant siirae and raud of the earth, and make 
 
 the land morv firm. Ualdgh. 
 
 The muddy and linious matter brought down 
 
 by the Nilus, settled by degrees \nUt a prm land. 
 
 Broicn'sl'ulg. Err. 
 
 It on firm land 
 
 Thaws not, but rather heap and ruin seems 
 
 Of ancient pile : all else deep snow and ice. Milton. 
 
 Sinking waters, the firm land to drain, 
 Fill'd the capacious deep, and form'd the main. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 To Firm. r. a. [Jirmo, Lat.] 
 L To settle ; to confirm ; to establish ; to 
 fix. 
 
 Of the death of the emperor they advertised So- 
 lyraan, firming those letters with alt their hands 
 and seals. KnolUs. 
 
 'Tis ratify 'd above hy every god. 
 And Jove has^^rm'rf it with an awful nod. Dryden. 
 
 The pow'rs, said he, 
 To vou, and yours, and mine, propitious be, 
 An(\finn our purpose with their augury. Dryden. 
 
 thou, who freest nie from my doubtful state, 
 I-'ine lost and wilder'd in the maze of fate! 
 
 Be present still : oh goddess, in our aid 
 Proceed, aud^rm those omens thou hast made! 
 
 Pope. 
 2. To fix without wandering. 
 
 He on his card and compass firms his eve. 
 The masters of his long experiment. Fairy Qne^n. 
 
 FIRMAMENT, v.s. [Jirmamentum, Lat.] 
 The sky ; the heavens. 
 
 Even to the heavens their shouting shrill 
 Doth reach, and all ihe firmament doth fill. Spaiscr. 
 
 1 am constant as the nortliern star. 
 Of whose true, fixt, and resting quality^. 
 
 There is no fellow in \he firmament. Shahcsp. 
 
 The Almighty, whose hieroglyphica! characters 
 
 F I R 
 
 arc the unnumbered stars, sun and moon.writtm 
 on these large volumes of the^nrni/nent. Raleigh 
 
 'iUvfirnujtmtnt expanse of lifjuid, pure. 
 Transparent, elemental air, ditfus'd 
 In circuit to the uttermost convex 
 Of this jrreat round. Miiton'$ Par. Lat. 
 
 The steeds climb up the first ascent wiUi pain ; 
 And wlien the middle^rTrntm^nf they gain, 
 If downward from the tieaveus my head I bow. 
 And see theeurlh and ocean hang below, 
 Kv'n I am seiz'd with horror. Addiwn's Odd. 
 
 What an inirueisurable space i^ Un: firmament, 
 wherein a great number of stars are seen with our 
 naked eye, and many more dircovered with our 
 glasses! Derham's Astro. Tfieology. 
 
 Firmame'ntal. adj. [i'rom Jirmam€'ni,] 
 Celestial ; of the upper regions. 
 
 An hollow crystal pyraiuid be takes, 
 Ju firmamental waters dipt above. Drydem. 
 
 Fi'rmly. adv. [from^rm.] 
 
 1. Strongly; impenetrably; immovca'ily. 
 
 Thou shalt come of force, 
 Though thou ATtfirmUer fastcn'd than a rock. 
 
 Milton. 
 How very hard particles, which touch only in a 
 few points, can stick togellier so ftmdy, without 
 something which causes them to be attracted to- 
 wards one aiiother, is difKcult to conceive. A'eid. 
 
 2. Steadily ; constantly. 
 
 Himself to be the man tlie fates require ; 
 I_/?rm/i/ judge, and what I judge desire. Dryden. 
 
 The common people of Lucca are firmly per- 
 suaded, that one Lucqucsc can beat five Floren- 
 tines. Additon on Italy. 
 
 Fi'rmness. 71. 8. [from^r/n,] 
 
 1. Hardness ; compactness ; solidity. 
 
 It would become by degrees of greater consist- 
 ency and firmnesSt &o as to resemble an habitable 
 earth. Bumet. 
 
 2. Durabihty ; stability. 
 
 Both the easiness and /irmncss of union might be 
 conjectured, for that both people are of the same 
 language. Mayward. 
 
 3. Certainty ; soundness. 
 
 In persons already possessed with notions of re- 
 ligion, the understanding cannot be brought to 
 change them, but by great examination of the 
 truth and firmness of the one, and the flaws and 
 weakness of the other. South's Sermons. 
 
 4. Steadiness; constancy; resolution. 
 
 That thou should'st my firmness doubt 
 To God, or thee, because \ie have a fue 
 May tempt us. I expected not to hear. Milton. 
 Nor can th' Egyptian patriarch blame my muie, 
 \\ hich for his_/irmitt$s does his beat excuse. 
 
 Roscom. 
 This armed Job withj^rmwis and fortitude. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 FIRST, adj. [pnrc. Sax,] 
 
 1. The ordinal of one; that which is in 
 order before any other. 
 
 Thy air. 
 Thou othet cold-bound brow, is like the first. 
 —A third is like the former. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 In the six hundredth and first year, in the first 
 raonth, the first day of the month, lite waters wert 
 dried up from oii' the earth. Gen. 
 
 2. Earliest in time : opposed to last 
 
 The^^rsf covenant had also ordinances of divine 
 
 service. //ffr. it. 1. 
 
 Man's^rst obedience. Miiion^ 
 
 Who_^i-»(, who last 
 Rous'd from the slumber. Milton. 
 
 Arms and the man I sing, the^^rst who bore 
 His course to Latium from the Trojan shore. Dbyd, 
 
 I find, quoth .Mat, reproof is vain ! 
 Who fitst niVend, will first complain. Pncr. 
 
 3. Highest in dignity. 
 
 Three presidents, of whom Daniel was first. 
 
 DanieL 
 First with the dogs, and king among tlie squires. 
 
 Spectator. 
 Tis little Will, the scourge of France, 
 No godhead, but lhe/ir$t of men. 
 
 4. Great; excellent. 
 
 4Z 
 
 721
 
 F I R 
 
 Myjirst sol:. 
 Where will you go ? Take good Cominius 
 ■\Vith thee. Shukesp. Cariolawis. 
 
 First, adv. 
 
 1. Before any thing else; earliest. 
 
 He, not unmindful of his usual art, 
 First in dissembled fire attempts to part ; 
 Tlien ruaring beasts and running streams he tries. 
 
 Drijden. 
 Thy praise, and thine was then the pubiick voice, 
 First recommended Guiscard to my choice. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Heav'n, sure, has kept this spot of earth uncurst. 
 To shew how all things were created first. Prior. 
 •2. Before any other consitleration. 
 
 First, metals are more durable th:ui plants ; se- 
 condly, they are more solid and hard ; thirdly, they 
 are wholly subterraneous ; whereas plants are part 
 above earth, and part under the earth. Bacon. 
 
 3. It ha5 often at before it, and means at 
 the beginning. 
 
 At Jirst the silent venom slid with ease, 
 And seiz'd her cooler senses by decrees. 
 
 Drijdeti's ^^n iil . 
 
 E.xcepting fish and insects, there are very lew 
 
 or no creatures that can provide for themselves at 
 
 f.rsl, without the assistance of parents. Bentleii. 
 
 4. First or last. At one time or other. 
 
 But sure a general doom on man is past. 
 And all are fools and lovers first or last. Dryden. 
 FiRST-BEGOT. 1 «. s. [from Jirst 
 
 First-begotten. J and hegot.] The 
 eldest of children. 
 
 His_/!rst-6ego(, we know ; and sore have felt. 
 When his fierce thunder drove us to the deep. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 First-born. n. s. [Jirst and bor/i.] 
 
 Eldest ; the first by the order of nativity. 
 
 Last, with one midnight stroke, all the first-born 
 
 Of Egypt must lie dead. Milton's Par. Lnst. 
 
 Hall, holy light, offspring of heav'n first-born ! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Thejirst-bffrn has not a sole or peculiar right, by 
 
 aiiv law of God and Nature ; the younger children 
 
 having an equal title with him. Locke on Education. 
 
 First-fruits, n. s. [Jirst and fruits.] 
 
 1. NVliat the season earliest produces or 
 matures of any kind. 
 
 A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought 
 First-fruits', the green ear, and the yellow sheaf. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Tlie blooming hopes of ray then very young 
 patron have been confirmed by most noble frst- 
 fruits, and his life is going on towards a plentiful 
 "harvest of all accumulated virtues. Prior. 
 
 2. The profits of any thing -svhich are 
 soonest gained. 
 
 Although the king loved to employ and advance 
 bisliops, because, having rich bishopricks, they car- 
 ried their reward upon themselves ; yet he did use 
 to raise them by steps, that he might not lose the 
 profit of the frsl-fruits, which by that course of 
 gradation was multiplied. Bacon's Henry \ II, 
 
 3. The earliest effect of any thing. 
 
 See, Father, what /irst;fi-iiits on eartli are sprung, 
 
 From thy implanted grace in man ! Millon. 
 
 Fi'rstling. adj. [from first.] That 
 
 which is first produced or brought forth. 
 
 All the firstling males that come of thy herd, and 
 of thy flock, thou shall sanctify unto the Lord thy 
 God. Deut. 
 
 Fi'rstling. n. s. [&omfrst.] 
 
 1 . The first produce or oflspring. 
 
 A shepherd next. 
 More meek, came with the firstlings of his flock, 
 Choicest and best. Mi/(o;i's Par. Lost. 
 
 The tender firstlings of my woolly breed. 
 Shall on liis holy altar often bleed'Drwrfeii's Tirgil. 
 The /irstiiiigs cif the flock are doom'd to die. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. The thing thought or done before another. 
 
 Our play 
 Leaps o'er the vaunt :ind firstlings of these broils, 
 'Ginning i' th' middle. 'Shakesp. Trail, and Cress. 
 
 F I S 
 
 The flighty purpose works o'erlook. 
 Unless the deed go with it : from this moment, 
 'The very firstlings of my heart shall be 
 The firstlings of my hand. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fiscal, n. s. [from fiscus a treasury, 
 Lat.] Exchequer; revenue. 
 
 War, as it is entertained by diet, so can it not be 
 long maintained by the ordinary yisca/ and receipt. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 FISH. n. s. [pifc, Sax. visch, Dut.] 
 
 1. An animal that inhabits the water. Fish 
 is used collectively for the race ofjishes. 
 
 The beasts, the fishes, and the winged fowls. 
 Are their males subjects. Shakesp. Comedy of Err. 
 
 And now the /is/i ignoble fates escape. 
 Since Venus ow''d her safety to their shape. Creech. 
 
 "There are fishes, that have wings, that are not 
 strangers to the airy region ; and there are some 
 birds that are inhabitants of the water, whose 
 blood is as cold as fishes ; and their flesh is so like 
 in taste, that the scrupulous are allowed them on 
 fish-davs. Locke. 
 
 2. The flesh of fish opposed to that of ter- 
 restrial animals, by way of eminence 
 called flesh. 
 
 I fight when I cannot chuse, and I eat iiofish. 
 
 Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 We mortify ourselves with the diet of fish, and 
 think we fare coarsely if we abstain from the flesh 
 of other animals. Brown. 
 
 To Fish. v. n. 
 
 1. To be employed in catching fishes. 
 
 2. To endeavour at any thing by artifice. 
 
 While others fish, with craft for great opinion, 
 I with great truth catch mere simplicity. Shakesp. 
 
 To Fish. v. a. To search water in quest 
 of fish, or any thing else. 
 
 Some have fished the very jakes for papers left 
 there by men of wit. Sicift. 
 
 Oft, as he fish'd her nether realms for wit, 
 The goddess" favour'd him, and favours yet. Pope. 
 
 Fi'sh-hook. n. s. [fish and hook.] A 
 
 hook baited, with whjch fish are caught. 
 
 A sharp point, bended upward and backward, 
 
 like a fish-hook. Crew's Musxum. 
 
 Fishpond, h. s. [fish and pond.] A 
 small pool for fish. 
 
 Fish-ponds are no small improvement of watry 
 boCTgy lands. Mortimer's Hnsbandry. 
 
 ilih-ponds were made where former forests grew 
 And hills were levell'd to e.vtend tlie view. Prior. 
 
 A-fter tlie great value the Romans put upon 
 fishes, it will not appear incredible that C. Hirrius 
 should sell his fish-p07ids for quadragies H. S. 
 32,29i;. Ijs. 4d. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fl'sHER. 71. s. [from fish.] One who 
 is employed in catching fish. 
 
 In our sight the three were taken up. 
 By fishermen of Curinth, as we thought : 
 At length another seiz'd on us. 
 And w-ould have reft the fishers of their prey. 
 Had not they been very s"low of sail. Shakesp. 
 
 We know that town"is but with fishers fraught, 
 Where Theseus govcrn'd and where Plato taught. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 Lest he should suspect it, draw it from him. 
 As fishers do the bait, to make him follow it. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 A soldier now he with his coat appears ; 
 A fisher now, his trembling angle bears. Pope. 
 
 Fi'sherboat. n. s. [fisher and boat.] 
 
 A boat employed in catching fish. 
 Fl'sHERMAN. n. s. [fsher and man.] 
 One whose employment and li\elihood 
 is to catch fish. 
 
 How fearful 
 And dizzy 'tis to cast one's eyes so low ! 
 Thejis/ier'men that walk upon the beach 
 Appear like mice. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 At length two monsters of unequal size. 
 Hard bv the shore, a. fisherman espies. Vi'alkr. 
 
 Do scales and fins bear price to this excess ; 
 You might have bought the fishermen for less. J>ryd. 
 
 F I S 
 
 Fi'SHERTOWN. n. s. [fisher and lown.] 
 A town inhabited by fishermen. 
 
 Others of them, in that time burned that ^sfter- 
 (oir7i Mousehole. Carew's Survey of Cormvalt. 
 
 Lime in Dorsetshire, a little^/iertou7i. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Fi'shery. n. s. [fromfisher.] The busi- 
 ness of catching fish. 
 
 W^e shall have plenty of mackerel this season . 
 oat fishery will not be disturbed by privateers. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Fi'sHFUL. flrf/. [from_^«/i.] Abounding 
 with fish ; stored with fish. 
 
 Thus mean in state, and calm in sprite, 
 Myfishful pond is my delidit. Carcw. 
 
 It is walled and guarded with the ocean, most 
 commodious fur trainck to all parts of the world, 
 and watered with pleasant, fishful, and navigable 
 rivers. Camden's Remains. 
 
 To Fi'SHiFY. V. a. [from fish.] To turn 
 to fish : a cant word. 
 
 Here comes Romeo. 
 — Without his roc, like a dried herring: 
 O flesh, flesh, how art thou fishified ! Shakesp. 
 
 Fi'sHiNG. n. s. [fromfish.] Commodity 
 of taking fish. 
 
 There also would be planted. a good town, having 
 
 both a good haven and a plentiful Jis/iing. Spenser. 
 
 Fl'sHKETTLE. ?(. s. [fish and kettle.] 
 
 A caldron made long for the fish to be 
 
 boiled without bending. 
 
 It is probable that the way of embalming 
 amongst the Egyptians was by boiling the body 
 in a long caldron like a fish-kettle, in some kind of 
 liquid balsam. Crew's Musieiim. 
 
 Fi'SHMEAL. n. s. [fish and i7ieal.] Diet 
 of fish ; abstemious diet. 
 
 Thin drink doth overcool their blood, and mak- 
 ing many^s/imeais, they fall into a kind of male 
 green-sickness. Sharp. 
 
 Fi'sHMONGER. n. s. [from fish.] A 
 dealer in fish ; a seller of fish. 
 
 I fear to play the fishmonger ; and yet so large a 
 
 commodity may not pass in silence. Carew. 
 
 The surgeon left tlieyis/inioiigcr to determine the 
 
 controversy between him and tlie pike. L' Estrange. 
 
 Fl'sHY. arlj. [from j'lsA.] 
 
 1. Consisting of fish. 
 
 2. Inhabited by fish. 
 
 i\Iy absent mates 
 Bait the barb'd steel, and from the fishy flood 
 Appease the afllictive fierce desire of food. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Having the qualities or form of fish. 
 
 Few eyes have escaped the picture of mermaids, 
 that is, according to Horace, a monster with a 
 woman's head above, and fishy extremity below. 
 
 Broim. 
 
 FI'SSILE. adj. [fissilis, Lat.] Having 
 the grain in a certain direction, so as to 
 
 be cleft. 
 
 This crystal is a pellucid fissile stone, clear as 
 
 water or crystal of the rock, and without colour ; 
 
 enduring a red heat without losing its transparency, 
 
 and in a" very strong heat calcining without fusion. 
 
 Kewton's Opticks. 
 
 Fissi'lity. w. s. [from fissile.] The qua- 
 lity of admitting to be cloven. 
 
 Fl'ssuRE. n.s. [fissiira, Lut. fismre, Fr.] 
 A cleft ; a nan-ow chasm where a breach 
 has been made. 
 
 The stone was distinguished into strata or layers ; 
 those strata were divided by parallel _^ssHrfs, that 
 were inclosed in the stone. Woodward's Kat. Hist. 
 
 I see 
 The gaping_/!.ssi<rfs to receive the rain. Thomson. 
 
 To Fissure. !'. <J. [from the noun.] To 
 cleave ; to make a fissure. 
 
 By a fall or blow the skull may be fssured or 
 fractured. Wiseman s Surgery. 
 
 -HI
 
 FIT 
 
 FIST. n. s. [pyc. Sax.] The hand clench- 
 ed with the fingers doubled down, in 
 order to give a blow, or keep hold. 
 
 She quick and proud, and who did Pas despise, 
 Up with her Jist, and tonk him on the face ; 
 
 Anotlier time, ouotli she, become more wise ; 
 Thus Pas did kissiierliand with little crace. Sidnet/. 
 
 And being down, the villain sore did beat 
 And bruise with clownish_/?5f5 his luanly face. F.Q. 
 
 Anger causeth paleness in some ; in others 
 Ueinbling, swelling, and bending ihejist. Baam. 
 
 And tlic same hand into a Jist raav close, 
 Which instantly a palm expanded shows. I^eH/iam. 
 
 Tyrrheus, the foster-father of the beast, 
 Then clench'd a hatchet in his hutnyjist. Dryden. 
 
 To Fist. v. a. 
 
 1. To strike with the fist. 
 
 J saw bira spurning and^^in^ her most unmer- 
 cifully. Dryden. 
 
 2. To gripe with the fist 
 
 We have been down together in my sleep. 
 Unbuckling helms, ^Vtf/j^ each other's throat, 
 And wak'd l.aif dead with nothiug. Shak. Coriol. 
 
 Fi'sTiNUT. w. s. A pistachio nut. 
 Fl'sTlCUFFS.n. s. [jist axidaiff.] Battle 
 with the fist ; blows with the fist. 
 
 Naked men belabouring one another with snag- 
 ged sticks, or dully falling t(tgether by the ears 
 At fisticuffs. More. 
 
 She would seize upon John's commons ; for which 
 Ihey were sure to go to Jisticiiffs. Arbuth, J. Bull. 
 My invention and judgement are perpetually at 
 Jisticnffs, 'till thf-y have quite disabled each other. 
 
 Smft. 
 
 FISTUL.\. n. s. [l.a.t.fistuh, Fr.] 
 
 1. A sinuous ulcer callous within; any 
 sinuous ulcer. 
 
 That jistnla which is recent is the easiest of 
 cure ; those of a long continuance are accompanied 
 witli ulcerations of the gland, and caries in the 
 bone. ^Viseman^s Surgery. 
 
 2. Fistula Lrrchri/malis. A disorder of the 
 canals leading from the eye to the nose, 
 which obstructs the natural progress of 
 the tears, and makes them Irickle down 
 the cheek ; but this is only the first and 
 mildest stage of the disease : in the next 
 there is matter discharged with the tears 
 from the piincfa larhri/mtiHa, and some- 
 times fi'om an orifice broke through the 
 skin between the nose and angle of the 
 eye. The last and worst degree of it is 
 when the matter of the eye, bj- its long 
 continuance, has not only corroded the 
 neighbouring soft parts, but also affect- 
 ed tlie siibj.icent bone. Sharp's Suigeri/. 
 
 Fi'STUL.\R. adj. [from Jist ula.] Hollow 
 like a pipe. 
 
 Fistulous, adj. [from fstiila ; Jistu- 
 kttx, Fr.] Having the nature of a fis- 
 tula ; callous or sinuous like a fistula. 
 
 How these sinuous ulcers become^s(iii>iis, I have 
 shewn you. Jt'iscmiiii's Hurgery. 
 
 FIT. n. s. [from^ghl, Skitina; every iit 
 of a disease being a struggle of nature ; 
 from viit in Flemish, frequent, Junius,] 
 
 1. A paroxysm or exacerbation of any in- 
 termittent distemper. 
 
 Small stones and gravel collect and become very 
 large in the kidneys, in which case a fit of the 
 stone in that part fs the cure. Sharp's Sur<^ery. 
 
 2. .^ny short return after intermissfon ; 
 interval. 
 
 Sometimes 'tis grateful to the rich to try 
 A short vicissitude, and A( of poverty. 'Drvden. 
 
 fllen that are habitually wicked may now" and 
 tlieu, by Jits and starts feel certain motions of re- 
 Dcatance. L'Estrange. 
 
 F I T 
 
 hyfiU my swelling grief appears, 
 In nsing sighs arid falling tears. Addison cm Italu. 
 
 Thus o'er the dying lamp th' unsteady flame 
 Hangs ouivering on a point, leaps off l^yjits. 
 And falls n^aia as loth to (juit its hold. Addisrm. 
 
 Rfliyion is not the business of some ^(i only 
 and intervals of our life, to be taken U[) at certain 
 days and hours, but a system of precepts to be 
 regarded in all our conduct. Holers. 
 
 All Jits of pleasure we balanced by an equal 
 degree of pain or languor : 'tis like bpcndin^ ihrs 
 year, part of the next year's revenue. Huift. 
 
 3. Any violent affection of mind or body. 
 
 The life did flit away out of her nest, 
 And all his senses were with deadly _/i( opprest. 
 
 Ftiiry Qiu'Cn. 
 
 An ambitious man puts it in the powerof every 
 malicious tongue to throw him into ajit of mrlan- 
 choly- Addison. 
 
 4. Disorder ; distemperature. 
 
 For your husband, 
 He's noble, wise, judicious, and best knows 
 T\tejits o' th' season. Shukesp. Macbeth. 
 
 5. It is used without an epitliet of discri- 
 mination, for the hysterical disorders of 
 women, and the convulsions of children; 
 and by the vulgar for the epilepsy. 
 
 Mrs. Bull was so much enraged, tliat she fell 
 downright into ajit. Arhathnot's John Bull. 
 
 6. It was anciently used for any recom- 
 mencement after intermission. Theparts 
 of a song or cantos of a poem were call 
 edjifs. 
 
 Fit. adj. [vitlen, Flem. Junizis.] 
 
 1. Qualified ; proper : with /c»r before the 
 noun, and to before the verb. 
 
 Menof valour.^f to poout for war and battle. 1 Ch. 
 
 He lends him vain Goliah's sacred sword, 
 The fittest help just fortune could afford, Conley. 
 
 This iuryjitfor her intent she chose, 
 One who delights in wars and hinnanwoes. Dri/d- 
 
 It is a wrong use of ray under^landing to make 
 it the rule and measure of another man's; a use 
 w Inch it is neitherj^'( for, nor capable of. Locke. 
 
 2. Convenient; meet ; proper; right. 
 
 Since we have said it w ere good not to use men 
 of ambitifjus natures, except it be upon necpssitv, 
 il hjit we speak in what cases they arc so. Bncon. 
 
 See how thou could'st judge of_/if and meet. Milt. 
 
 It \s Jit for a man to know his own alnlities and 
 weaknesses, and not think himself obliged to imi- 
 tate all that lie thinks ftf t<> praise. ^ Bovle. 
 
 If ovir forefathers thouglit ft to be grave and 
 serious, I hope their posterity may laugh without 
 offence. " Addisoti. 
 
 To Fit. r. a. [vitfcn, Flem. Junius.] 
 
 1 . To accommodate to any thing ; to suit 
 one thing to another. 
 
 The carpenter marketh it out with a line: he 
 Jitt€th it with planes. Is. xliv. 13. 
 
 Would fate permit 
 To my desires I might my fortune ft, 
 Troy I would raise. Denham. 
 
 2. To accommodate a person with any 
 thino : as, the inWor Jits his customer. 
 
 A trussmakcr ftftcff the ciiild with a pair of bod- 
 dice, stiffened on the lame side. jyiscman'sSurg. 
 
 3. To be adapted to ; to suit any thing. 
 
 She shall be our messenger to this paultry knight. 
 — Trust mc, I thought on her ; she'il^A' it.Shakefjy. 
 
 As much of the stone as was contiguous to the 
 marcasite, ftted the marcasite so close as if it h.id 
 bten formerly liquid. BoifU\ 
 
 4. To fit out. To furnish ; to equip ; to 
 supply with necessaries or dec(tration. 
 
 A play, which if you dare but t^Jcc tit out. 
 You'll all bes!ander''d.and be thought devout. Duii. 
 
 The English fleet could not be paid and manned. 
 and ftted out, unless \\f encouraged trade and tta- 
 vigation. Addison's Freehoidcr. 
 
 5. To Jit tip. To furnish ; to make pro- 
 per for the use or reception of any. 
 
 He hzis ftted up his farm. Pope'to Suij't, 
 
 F I T 
 
 ' To Fit. r. w. To be proper ; to be be- 
 coming. 
 
 How evil^tt it me to have such a son ; and how 
 much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedne>«-, 
 
 Sidnev. 
 
 'Sorfts it to prolong the feast. 
 Timeless, indecent, but retire to rest. Pope'sOdvu. 
 
 Fitch, n. s, [A colloquial corruption of 
 vetch,'] A small kind of wild pea. 
 
 Now is the season 
 For sowingof/ifc'ia.of beans, and of peason.T'fiisr'-, 
 FiTCHAT. 1 n. 8, [Jissau, Fr. JiA*e, 
 Fi'tcuew. j Dut.] A stinking little 
 beast, that robs the hen-roosi and war- 
 ren. Skimter calls him the stinking Jer^ 
 ret ; but he is much larger, at least as 
 some provinces distinguish them, in 
 which the polecat is termed a Jitchat, 
 and the stinking firnt a stoat. 
 
 'lis such anolhcTftchixc! marry, a perfumed *^»:'e 
 What do you mean by this haunting of me ' Shah. 
 
 TUeftchat, the sulimarl, and the like creature*, 
 live upon the face and within the bowels of the 
 earth. Walton's Angler, 
 
 Fitful, adj, [Jit and fuii.] \'aried by pa- 
 roxysms; disordered by change of maladies. 
 Duncan is in his grave ; 
 After Ufc'sftful fever he sleeps well. Shak. Much. 
 
 Fitly, adv. [£rom Jit.] 
 
 1. Properly; justly ; reasonably. 
 
 Even so wostftly 
 As you malign our senators. Shakesp. Corittlimif. 
 
 Where a man cannot ^(^/ play his own part, if 
 he have not a friend, he may quit tijc stage. Bact^n, 
 
 I cannot ftlier compare marriage than to a lot- 
 tery ; for, in bnth, he that ventures mav succeed, 
 and may miss ; and if he draw a prized he hath a 
 rich rfturn of his venture: but in both lotteries 
 there lie prettystore of blanks for every prize. Boy/f. 
 
 The whole of our* duty may be expressed most 
 ftlu by <ieparting from evil. * TUUHton. 
 
 2. Coramodiously ; meetly. 
 
 To take a latitude, 
 Sun or stars arcftliest view'd 
 At their brightest; but to conclude 
 Of longitudes, what other way have we 
 But to mark when and where the dark eclipses be. 
 
 An animal, in order to be moveable must he 
 flexible: :<nd therefore is^//u made of separate and 
 small solid parts, replete with properfluids.^^r&utA. 
 
 Fi'tness. n. s. [from^^] 
 
 1, Propriety; meetness ; justness; reason- 
 ableness. 
 
 In tilings the ftness wliereof is not of itself aj»- 
 parent, nor easy to be made suflicienlly manifest 
 unto all, yet the judgment of antiquity, concnr- 
 ring with that which is received, may induce ihrm 
 to ihink it not nntit. Ho^^ker. 
 
 The queen beiiig absent, 'tis a needful^'fnesj 
 That we adjftura tills court. Shakesp. i/eitri/ VIII. 
 
 Wcr't n)y^fne*$ 
 To let these hand* obey mv boiling blood. 
 They're apt enough to dislocate and tear 
 Thy flesh and hones. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. Convenience; commodity ; the state of 
 being fit. 
 
 Nor lirae nor place 
 Did then cohere, and yet you would make both : 
 They've made themselvc5,and that tlieiryitnfitsnow 
 Does unmake you. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fitment, w. 5w [iromjit.] Something 
 adapted to a particular purpose. Not used. 
 
 Poor beseeming : 'twas a fitment for 
 The purpose I then follow 'd. Shakesp.Cymbetine. 
 
 Fitter. ?i. s. [fromj?/.] 
 
 1 . The person or tiling that confers fitness 
 for any thing. 
 
 Sowing the sandv gravelly land in Devonshire 
 and Cornwall with t'rench fuVxe seed, they reckon 
 a great improver of their land, and a fitter of it for 
 corn. Mcrtimers Hu^andry. 
 
 723
 
 FIX 
 
 2, [from/f/^c/, Ital. fetztn^ Germ.] A small 
 
 piece : as, to cut 'n\Xo Jitters, Skinner. 
 
 FiTZ. 71. s [Norman, from J^/^ a son, Fr.] 
 
 A son. Only used in law and ^enealoc^y : 
 
 as Fitzherbert, the son of Herbert ; Fitz- 
 
 thomas, the son of Thomas ; Fitzi'oy, 
 
 the son of the kintr. It is commonly 
 
 used of illegitimate children. 
 
 FIVE. luij. [p/. Sax.] Four and one; 
 
 half of ten. 
 
 And Jive of thera were wise, and^ue were foolish. 
 
 Matt. 
 No person, no incident, but must be of use to 
 carry on the main design : all things else are like 
 six lingers to the hand, when nature, which is 
 superfluous in nothing, can do her work with 
 Jive. Dryden. 
 
 Five herds,J?ve bleating flocks, liis pastures fill'd. 
 
 Vrxjiien. 
 
 Our British 3'outli lose their figure by that time 
 
 tliey are^re and twenty. Addison. 
 
 Fi'vELEAVED Grass. 71, $. Cinquefoil ; 
 
 a species of clover. 
 Fives, w. s. 
 
 1. A kind of play with a bowl. 
 
 2. A disease of horses. 
 
 His horse sped with spavins, rayed with the 
 yellows, past cure of the yii'fs, and stark spoUcd 
 with ilie staggers. Shakesp. 
 
 To FIX. V. fl. [JixcVy Yr.Jix7is, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make fast, firm, or stable. 
 
 Heii heard th' unsulFerable noise, hell saw 
 Heav'n ruining from heav'n, and would have fled 
 AllVighted, but that fate hadjix'd too deep 
 Her dark foundations, and too fast had hom.d. Milt. 
 
 2. To settle ; to establish invariably. 
 
 Briglitest seraph ! tell 
 In which of all these orbs hath man 
 His Jixed seat, orjixedsent hath none, 
 But all tliese shining orbs his choice to dwell ! Milt. 
 
 One loves Jixed Taws, and the other arbitrary 
 power. Temple. 
 
 vViien custom hhth Jixed his eating to certain 
 stated periods, his stomach will expect victuals at 
 the usual hour. Locke. 
 
 3. To direct without variation. 
 
 \\ hy are thine eyes fixt to the sullen earth. 
 Gazing at tliat which s'ecras to dim thy sight. Shah. 
 
 Tiius wliile the Trojan prince employs his eyes, 
 Fix^d on the wails witli wonder and surprize. i)rv(i. 
 
 4. To deprive of volatility. 
 
 We pronounce concerning gold, that it is fixed. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 5. To pierce ; to transfix. A sense purely 
 Latin . 
 
 While from the raging sword he vainly flies, 
 A bow of steel shallyiz liis trembling thighs. &nd^s. 
 
 6. To withhold Irom motion. 
 To Fix. r. n. 
 
 1. To settle the opinion ; to determine 
 the resolution. 
 
 If we would be happy, we must Jix upon some 
 foundation that can never deceive us. V Estrange. 
 
 He made himself their prey, 
 T' impose on their belief, and Troy betray ; 
 Fix'd on his aim, and obstinately bent, 
 To die undaunted, or to circumvent. DrydensMn. 
 
 Here hope be^an to dawn ; resolv'd to try, 
 ShejVx'ti on this her utmost remedy. 
 Death was behind ; but hard it was to die. Vryd. 
 
 In mdst bodies not propaL;ated by seed, it is ilie 
 colour we mustyix on, aunare most led by. Locke. 
 
 2. To rest ; to cease ; to wander. 
 
 Your kindness banishes your fear, 
 Resolv'd to^V for ever here. Waller. 
 
 3. To lose volatility, so as to be malleable. 
 
 In the midst of molten lead, when it hegiuneth 
 to congeal, make a little dent, and put quicksilver, 
 wrapped in a piece of linen, in tliat hole, and the 
 quicksilver will Jiz and run no more, and endure 
 the hammer. Bacon's Natural liistorv. 
 
 F I Z 
 
 FIXATION, n, s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. Stability; firmness; steadiness. 
 
 Yoiujixiition in tuatters of religion will not be 
 more necessary fory our soul's than your kingdom's 
 peace. F.ing Charles. 
 
 2. Residence in a certain place. 
 
 To light, created in the first day, God gave no 
 proper place or Jixati'm. Raleigh's History. 
 
 3. Confinement; forbearance of excursion. 
 
 They are subject to errors from a narro\vness 
 of souf, a Jiintioii and confinement of tliought to 
 a few objects. tVt/((s. 
 
 4. Want of volatility ; destruction of vola- 
 tility. 
 
 U[)ou tlie compound body three things are 
 chiefly to be observed ; the colour, the fragility or 
 pliaritness, and the volatility or fixation, compared 
 with the simple bodies. Bacon. 
 
 It is more difhcult to make gold of other metals 
 less ponderous and less materiate, tlian to make 
 silver of lead or quicksilver, both which are more 
 ponderous than silver ; so that tliey need rather a 
 degree ofy?7a((t^i than any condensation. Bacon. 
 
 5. Reduction from fluidity to firmness. 
 
 Salt dissolved upona_^atiirti returns to its af- 
 fected cubes, Glanville, 
 
 Fi'xEDLY. (ulv. [fi'orajiived,] 
 
 1. Certainly ; firmly ; in a manner settled 
 and estabhshed. 
 
 If we pretend that the distinction of species, or 
 sorts, is ^fixedly established by the real and secret 
 constitutions of things. Locke. 
 
 2. Stedfastly. 
 
 Onmipotency, omniscicncy, and infinite good- 
 ness enlarge the spirit while i*tjft'.itii/ looks on them. 
 
 Buniet. 
 
 Fixedness, w. s. [from Jixed.] 
 
 1. Stability; firmness. 
 
 2. Want or loss of voIatiHty. 
 
 Fixedness, or a power to remain in the fire un- 
 consumed, is an idea that always accompanies our 
 complex idea signified by the word gold. Locke. 
 
 3. Solidity ; coherence of parts. 
 
 Fluid orsolid comprehend all the middle degrees 
 between extremejixcdncss and coherency, and the 
 most rapid intestine motion of the particles of 
 bodies. Bentley, 
 
 4. Steadiness ; settled opinion or resolution. 
 
 Ajixedness in religion will not give my conscience 
 leave to consent to innovations. King Charles. 
 
 Fixi'dity. n s. [from^xed.] Coherence 
 of parts, opposed to volatility. A word 
 of Boyh. 
 
 Bodies mingled by the fire are dilfering as to 
 the Jiiiditu and volatility, and yet are so combined 
 by the first operation of ihe fire, that itself does 
 scarce afterwards separate them. Boyle. 
 
 Fi'xiTY. 71. s. [ Jixifc, Fr.] Coherence 
 of parts, opposed to volatility. 
 
 And are not the sun and fixed stars great earths 
 vehemently hot, whose heat is conserved by the 
 greatness of the bodies, and the nuitual action and 
 reaction between them, and the light which they 
 emit, and w hose parts are kept from fuming awa^", 
 not only by their fixity, but also by the vast weight 
 and density of the atmospheres incumbent upon 
 them. Newton's Opticlis. 
 
 Fi'xTURE. w. s, [fromJi.x.] 
 
 1. Position. 
 
 The^'-tfitre of her eye hath motion in't. 
 As we were mock'd with art. iihak. Winter^s Tale. 
 
 2. Stable pressui'e. 
 
 'J'he firm Jixture of thy foot would give an ex- 
 cellent motion to thy gift. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Firmness; stable state. 
 
 Frights, changes, borrours, 
 Divert and crack, rend and deracinate 
 The unity and married calm of states 
 Quite from theiryFitnre. Shakesp. Trod, and Cress. 
 
 Fl'zGiG. n. s. A kind of dart or harpoon 
 with which seamen strike fish. 
 
 FLA 
 
 Can'st thou vfhhjii^gigs pierce him to the quick, 
 Or in his skull tliy barbed trident stick ? Sand. Job. 
 
 Fla'bby. adj. [ Jiaccidus, Lat.] Soft ; 
 not firm ; easily shaking or yielding to 
 the touch. 
 
 Paleness, a weak pulse, palpitations of the heart, 
 flabby siiid black flesh, aresymptoms of weakfibres. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Pulls out the rags contriv'd to prop 
 
 Her flabby dugs, and down they drop. Swifl. 
 
 Fla'bile. fidj. [ Jlabi/is, Lat.] Blown 
 
 about by the wind ; subject to be blown. 
 
 Diet. 
 FLA'CCID. adj. [JIaccidus, Lat.] Weak ; 
 limber; not stiff; lax ; not tense. 
 
 The bowing and inclining the head is found in 
 the great flower of the sun : the cause I take to 
 he is, that the part against which the sun bealelh 
 waxeth more faint and fiacctd in the stalk, and 
 thereby less able to support the flower. Baron. 
 
 They whose muscles are weak or jiaccid, are 
 unapt to pronounce the letter r. Hnldtr. 
 
 'Ihe surgeon ought to vary the diet as he finds 
 the fibres are too Jfaccid and produce funguses, or 
 as they harden and produce CdWoslUes. Arbuthnot, 
 
 Flacci'dity. ?/. 5. [?vom Jiaccid.] Laxity; 
 limberness ; want of tension ; want of 
 
 stiffness. 
 
 There is neither fluxion nor pain, hut Jiaccidit^ 
 joined with insensibility, Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 To FLAG. V. 71. [JiaggereTi, Dut. pleojan, 
 
 Sax. to fly.] 
 
 l.Tohangloosewithout stiffness or tension. 
 
 Beds of cotton wool hung up between two 
 trees, not far from the ground ; in w-hich, /^crffo-mjir 
 down in the middle, men, wives and children lie 
 together. Abbot. 
 
 The jades 
 That drag the tragick melancholy night. 
 Who with their drowsy, slow, and fiagging wines 
 Clip dead mei.i's graves. Shakesp. I hnry Vl. 
 
 It keeps those slender and aerial bcdies sepa- 
 rated and stretched out, which otherwise, by rea- 
 son of their flexibleness and weight, would ^n^ 
 or curl. Boyle's Spring (J' the Air. 
 
 Like a fiery meteor sunk the sun, 
 The promise of a storm ; the shifting gales 
 Forsake by fits, and fill ihajlagging sails. Dryd. 
 
 2. To grow spiritless or dejected. 
 
 ^iyjlagging soul flies under her own pitch. 
 Like fii"Thi air too damp, and lags along 
 As if she were a body in a body : 
 I\Iy senses too are dull and stupify'd. 
 Their edge rebated : sure some ill approaches. 
 
 Drydens Don Sebastian. 
 
 3. To grow feeble ; to lose vigour. 
 
 Juice in language is somewhat less than blood ; 
 for if the words be but becoming and signifying, 
 and the sense gentle, there is juice : hut where 
 that wanteth, the language is thin, Jiagging, poor, 
 starved, scarce covering the bone, and shews like 
 stones in a sack : some men, to avoid redundancy, 
 run into tliat ; and while they strive to hinder 111 
 blood or juice, they lose their good. 
 
 Ben Jonsons Discoveries. 
 
 His stomach will want victuals at tlie usual 
 hour, either fretting itself into a troublesome ex- 
 cess, or Jiagging into a downright want of ap- 
 petite. Locke. 
 
 Fame, when it is once at a stand, naturally 
 fla^s and languishes. Addison's Spcctati^. 
 
 If on sublimer wings of love and praise, 
 My love above the starry vault I raise, 
 Lur'd by some vain conceit of pride or lust, 
 ij'og, 1 drop, and flutter in the dust. Arbuthnot. 
 
 He sees a spirit hath been raised against htm, 
 and he only watciies 'till it begins to Jic^: he 
 goes about watching when to devour us. Swift. 
 
 The pleasures ot the town begin to Jlag and 
 grow languid, giving way daily to cruel inroads 
 from the spleen. SwiJ't. 
 
 To Flag. v. a. 
 
 1. To let fall into feebleness; to suffer to 
 droop. 
 
 724
 
 FLA 
 
 Take heed, my dear, youth flies apace ; 
 As weil as CuuilJ, Time is blind : 
 
 Soon must those jilories of tliy face 
 The fate uf vulgar btauty find : 
 The thousand loves, that arm ih^ potent eye, 
 Alust drop their quivers, T'ag their wings, and die. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. [From Jldg, a species of stone.] To lay 
 ■with broad stotie. 
 
 The sides and floor were all Jlagged with excel- 
 lent marble. SanJus. 
 A white stone used forjlagging floors. Wtx»iu;. 
 Flag. n. s. [from tlie verb.] 
 I. A water plant with a bladed leaf and 
 yellow flower, so called from its motion 
 in the wind. 
 
 She took an ark of bulrushes, and hid it iii the 
 Jiags by lliL- river's brink. Ex. ii. 3 
 
 Can bulrushes but by the river grow? 
 Can^^a^s there Uourisirwhere no walcrs flow ? 
 
 Sandys. 
 There be divers fishes that cast their spawn on 
 Jiass or stones. Walton's Angler. 
 
 Cut Jiag roots, and the roots of other weeds. 
 
 Mortimer's Ilusbandrv- 
 
 % The colours or ensign of a ship or land- 
 forces, by which signals are made at sea, 
 or regiments are distinguished in the 
 field. 
 
 These rfags of France that are advanced here. 
 Before the eye aiid prospect of your town. 
 Have hither march a to your endamagement. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He hangs out as many fiags as he descryeth 
 vessels; square, if ships : if gaJlies, pendants. 
 
 Sandys, 
 
 Democracies are less subject to sedition than 
 
 where there are stirps of nobles : for if men's eyes 
 
 are upon the persons, it is for the bushiess sake as 
 
 fittest, and not (ur Jiags or pedigree. Bacon, 
 
 Let him be girt 
 With all the grisly legmn that troop 
 Under the sooty jlag of Acheron, 
 Harpies and h/dras, or all the monstrous forms 
 'Twixt Africa and Inde, I'll find him out, 
 And force him to restore his purchase back, 
 Or drag him by the curls to a foul death. Milton. 
 The French and Spaniards, when your Jiags 
 appear, 
 Forget their hatred, and consent to fear. Waller. 
 Tlie interpretation of that article about the Jiag, 
 is a ground at pleasure for opening a war. 
 
 Temple. 
 In either's_^f the golden serpents bear, 
 Erecting crests alike, like volumes rear. 
 And mingle friendly tussings in the air. Dryden. 
 Then they, whose mothers, frantick with their 
 fear. 
 In woods aiid wilds the_^ag-s of Bacchus bear. 
 And lead his dances with disheveli'd hair. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 3. A species of stone used for smooth pave- 
 ments, [Jlachej old French.] 
 
 Part of two Jlags striated, hut deeper on one 
 side than the other. Wooduard on Fossils. 
 
 Flagstone will not split, as slate does, being 
 found formed into flags, or thin plates, which are 
 no other than so many strata. U 'tWu'. on Fossils. 
 
 Flag- BROOM, n. 5. [from Jiag and 
 broom,] A broom for sweeping fla^s or 
 pavements, commonly made of birch- 
 twigs, or of the leaves of the dwarf palm, 
 imported from Spain. 
 
 Flag-officer. 7i. s, [Jiag and officer.] 
 A commander of a squadron. 
 Her grandfather was ajiag-o^icer. Addison. 
 
 Flag-ship. w. 5. [Jiag and ship.] The 
 
 ship in which the commander of a 
 
 fleet is. 
 Flag-worm. n. s. [Jlag and worm.] 
 
 A grub bred in watery places among 
 
 flags or sedge. 
 
 FLA 
 
 Uewillinthc three hot month! bite at a y?a^- 
 
 Korm, or a green gentle. H'a/I«m'j Angler. 
 
 Fla'gelet. n. s. [Jlageoht, Fr.] A small 
 
 flute; a small instrument of wind mu- 
 
 sick. 
 
 Play us a lesson on your /lagelet. ^Wiire. 
 
 Flagellation, n. s. [from flagello, 
 Lat.] The use of the scourge. 
 
 Bv liridewell all descend, 
 As morning pray'r and JiagelluUm end. Garih. 
 
 FLA'GGlNkss. n.s. [irom Jlaggy.] Laxity; 
 
 limbertiess ; want of tension. 
 Fla'ggy. adj. [from [/"?•! 
 
 1. Weak ; lax ; limber ; not stiff; not tense. 
 
 \V\itingg<) wings, when forth he did dis|ila_v, 
 Were like two sails, in which the hollow wind 
 Is galherd full, and workelh speedy way. 
 
 Fairy Queen 
 That basking in the sun thy bees may lye, 
 And resting there, \he\tjiaggy [linions dry. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Weak in taste ; insipid. 
 
 Graft an apple-cion upon the slock of a cole- 
 wort, and it will bear a great _/(«»?</ apple. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 FLAGITITIOUS. adj. [from Jliigitius, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Wicked ; villanous ; atrocious. 
 
 No villainy or fiagitwus action was ever yet 
 committed, "but, upon a due enquiry into the 
 causes of it, it will be found, that a lye was first 
 or last the principal engine to effect it. South. 
 
 There's no working upon a Jtagitims and per- 
 verse nature by kindness and discipline. 
 
 L'Eitrange. 
 
 First, those flagitious limes. 
 Pregnant with unknown crimes. 
 Conspire to violate the nuptial bed. Roscommon. 
 
 Perjury is a crime of so flugitious a nature, we 
 cannot be too careful in avoiding every approach 
 towards it. . Addism. 
 
 But if in noble minds some dregs remain. 
 Not yet purs'd off, of spleen and sour disdain. 
 Discharge tliat rage on more [irovoking crimes. 
 Nor fear a dearth in tliese_/;agi<ious times. Pope. 
 '2. Guilty of crimes. 
 
 He dies, sad outcast of each church and state. 
 And harder still, flagitious yet not great. Pope. 
 
 Flagi'tiousness. n. s. [ftomjiagitious.] 
 
 Wickedness ; villany. 
 Fla'gon. n. s. [JJacced, Welsh ; pla.\e, 
 Sax. Jflaske, Dan. Jlacon, Tr.^fiasco, Ital 
 Jlasco, Span.] A vessel of drink with a 
 narrow mouth. 
 
 X mad rogue! he pour'd a flagon of Rhenish on 
 
 mv head once. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 "More had sent him bj- a suitor in Chancery 
 
 two silver/agons. Bacon's Apophth. 
 
 Did they coinpisspots, bowls, and flagons 
 Int' officers of horse and dragoons ? Hudibras. 
 
 His trusty ^agon, full of potent juice, 
 Was hanging by, worn thin with age and use. 
 
 lioscommon. 
 One fla'ron walks the round, that none should 
 
 "think 
 They either change, or stint him in his drink. 
 
 Dnjden. 
 
 Fla'grancy. n. s. [flagrantia, Lat.] 
 Burning; heat; fire. 
 
 Lust causelh a flagrancv in the eyes, as the 
 sight and the toucli are the things desired, and 
 therefore the spirits resort li> those parts. 
 
 Bacon's A'a(. Hist. 
 
 Fla'grant. adj. [Jlagrans, Lat.] 
 
 1. .Ardent; burning; eager. It is always 
 used figuratively. 
 
 .\ thing which filleth the mind with comfort and 
 heavenly delight, stirreth up flagrant desires and 
 affections, correspondent unto that which the 
 words contain. Hooker. 
 
 2. Glowing; flushed. 
 
 FLA 
 
 .Sec Sapho, at her toilet's peasy task. 
 Then issuing flagrant to an evening mask. 
 Su morning insects, that in muck begun. 
 Shine, buz, and fly-blow in the setting sun. Popt. 
 :). Bed ; imprinted red. 
 
 Their connnon loves, a lewd abandon'd pack. 
 The beadle's lash stMjlagrant on their back.Pruir. 
 4. Notorious; flammg into notice. 
 
 When fraud is great, it furnishes weapons to 
 defend iucif , and at worst, if the crimes be so 
 flagranl tiiat a man is laid aside out of perfect 
 shame, be retires loaded with the spoils uf the 
 nation. Su-ij't. 
 
 Willi equal poise let steady justice sway, 
 -And flagrant Crimes with certain vengeance pay ; 
 But, 'till the proofs aic clear, the stroke oelav. 
 
 Snii'.h. 
 
 Flagka'tion. n.s. [Jiagro, Lat.] Burn- 
 ing. Diet. 
 Flagstaff, n.s. [ ^fl a g and staff.] The 
 staff on which the flag is fixed. 
 
 The duke, less numerous, but in courage more, 
 On wings of ail the winds to combat flies ; 
 
 His murdering guns a loud defiance roar. 
 And bloody crosses on hi^flagttafs rise. Dryden. 
 
 Flail, n. s. [Jlagi/lum, Lat. Jltgtl, 
 German.] The instrument with wliich 
 grain is beaten out of the ear; the tool 
 of the thresher. 
 
 Our soldiers, like the night-owl's lazy flight, 
 Or like a lazy thresher with ^ flail. 
 Fell gently down as if they struck their friends. 
 
 Shak*^. Hen. \ 1. 
 
 When in one night, ere glimpse <,f morn. 
 His shadowy y?ai7 natli thresh'd the cum. 
 That ten day-labourers could not end. Milton. 
 
 In this pile shall reigii a mighty prince. 
 Born for a scourge of wit, anil flail o{ sense. 
 
 Dryilen. 
 
 The dexterous handling of the _^ai7, or the 
 plough, and being good workmen with these 
 tools, did not hinder Gideon's ajtd Cincinnatus's 
 skill in arms and government. Locke. 
 
 The thresher. Duck, could o'er the queen 
 prevail : 
 'Die proverb says, no fence against aflaU. Su-jft. 
 
 FLAKE, n. s.' [Jloccus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Any thing that appears loosely held to- 
 gether, like a fli>ck of wool. 
 
 Crimson circles, like red flakes in the element, 
 when the weather is hottest. Sidney. 
 
 And from his wide-devourin» oven sent 
 A flake of lire, that flushing in nis beard. 
 Htm all amaz'd, and almost made affear'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 The earth is sometimes covered with snow two 
 or three feet deep, made up only of little flaka or 
 pieces of ice. Burnet, 
 
 Small drops of a misting rain, descending 
 through a freezing air, do each of them shoot intu 
 one of those figured icicles; which, being ruffed 
 by the wind, in their fall are broken, and cluster- 
 ed together into small parcels, which we eall/.it« 
 of snow. Crete's C«Tn.-?.». 
 
 Upon throwing in a stone the water boils ftr 
 a considerable lime, and at the same lime are see.i 
 littlejfn'ifs of scurf rising up. Addis.n. 
 
 2. .\ stratum ; layer ; film ; lamina. 
 
 The_/iaAi-s of his tough flesh so firmly bound. 
 As not to he divorced by a "ound. Sandt/s. 
 
 The teeth cut away great _/iaJin of the meiij, 
 till it received the perfect form the teeth would 
 make. JV/tutii. 
 
 To Flake, r. a. [from the noun.] To form 
 in flakes or botlies loosely connected. 
 
 From the bleak pole no winds inclement !il. > . 
 Mold the round hail, or flake the flcecv snow. 
 
 Poye's Odyt. 
 
 To Flake, r. n. To break into laminoe ; 
 
 to p.irt iti loose bodies. 
 Flaky, adj. [from^^jAv.] 
 1. Looselv hanging together. 
 
 The silent hour steals on, 
 
 .\nd fiakv darkness breaks within the East. Shak
 
 FLA 
 
 The trumpet roars, loug Jictkii flames expire. 
 With sparlis t'hat seeai to set the world on fire. 
 
 Pope, 
 
 Hence, wlien the snows in Wirrter cease to weep. 
 
 And undissolv'd their //n/ci/ texture iteep, 
 
 Tile banks witii ease tHeir liumble streams contain, 
 
 Which swell in Summer, and those banks disdain. 
 
 Blackm. 
 
 t. Lying in layers or strata; broken into 
 
 laminiE. 
 FLAM. n. s. [A cant word of no certain 
 etymology.] A falsehood ; a lye ; an 
 illusory pretext. 
 
 A Ham more senseless than the rogVy 
 Of old aruspicy and aug'ry. lludibras. 
 
 'Till these men can prove the things, ordered 
 by our church, to be either intrinsically unlawful 
 or indecent, all pretences or pleas of conscience 
 to the contrary are nothing but cant and cheat, 
 Jiam and delusion. South. 
 
 What are most of the histories of tlie world but 
 lyes? Lyes iunnortalized and consigned over as a 
 perpetual abuse and Jlam upon posterity. 
 
 South. 
 
 To Flam. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 deceive with a lye. Merely cant. 
 
 For so our ignorance v^asjiamm'd. 
 To damn ourselve-s t' avoid being damn'd. 
 
 Hudibras, 
 
 God is not to be fiammed off with lyes, who 
 
 knows exactly what thou can'st do, and what not. 
 
 South. 
 
 FLAMBEAU, n, s. [Fr.] A lighted 
 torch. 
 Tlie king seized ajlambemt with zeal to destroy. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 As the attendants carried each of them a Jiarn- 
 beait in their hands, the sultan, after having or- 
 dered all the lights to he put out, gave the word 
 to eater the house, find out the criminal, and 
 put iiim to death. Addisorts Guardian. 
 
 FLAME, n. s. [flamma, Lat. flamim, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Light emitted from fire. 
 
 Is not fiamt a vapour, fume, or exhalation 
 heated red hot, that is, so hot as to shine ? For 
 bodies do not flame without emitting a copious 
 fume, and this fume burns in ihejiame. 
 
 Newton's Opt. 
 Whatjiame, what lightning e'er 
 So quick an active force did bear ! Cowley. 
 
 2. Fire, 
 
 Jove, Promethus' tiieft allow ; 
 Tlie /lames he once stole from thee, grant him 
 now. Cowley. 
 
 3. Ardour of temper or imagination ; bright- 
 ness of fancy ; vigour of thought. 
 
 Of all our elder plays, 
 This and Philiister have the loudest fame ; 
 Great are their faults, and glorious is their Jlame : 
 In both our English genius is exprest, 
 Lofty and bold, but negligently drest. Waller. 
 
 4. Ardour of inclination. 
 
 Smit with the love of kindred arts we came. 
 And met congenial, mingling _//ume w'llh Jiame. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. Passion of love. 
 
 My heart's on Jiame, and does like fire 
 To her aspire. Cowley. 
 
 Come arm'd in flames ; for I would prove 
 All the extremities of love. Cowley. 
 
 No warning (/f tli' approaching jiame ; 
 Swiftly like sudden death it caiue ; 
 1 lov'tl the moment I beheld. Granville, 
 
 To Flame, xu w. [from the noun.] 
 1. To shine as fire ; to burn with emission 
 of light. 
 
 Can you think to blowout the intended fire your 
 city is ready to Jiame in, with such weak breuth 
 as this? ' Shakesp. 
 
 He (eWjfaming through th* ethereal sky 
 To bottomless perdition. Milton. 
 
 Hell all around 
 As one great furnace Jiam'd. Millon^ 
 
 FLA 
 
 2. To shine like flame. 
 
 Behold it like an am()le curtain spread, 
 Now streak'd and plowing with the morning red ; 
 Anon at noon in Jiamittp yellow bright, 
 And chusipg sable for Uie peaceful night. Prior. 
 
 3. To beak out in violence of passion. 
 Flameco'loured. adj. [ flume and co- 
 lour. 1 Of a bright yellow colour. 
 
 'Tis strong, and it does indillerent well in ftamc- 
 cotourerf stockings. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 August shall bear the form of a young man of a 
 fierce and choierick. aspect, in a Jiamccoitmred 
 garment. Peachum. 
 
 FLAM EN. n. s. [Lat.] A priest ; one 
 that officiates in solemn offices. 
 
 Then first thejiameii tasted living food ; 
 Next his grim idol smear'd with human blood. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Flammabi'lity. n. s. [Jiamma, Lat.] 
 The quality of admitting to be set on 
 fire, so as to blaze. 
 
 In the sulphur of bodies torrlfied, that is, the 
 oily, fat and unctuous parts, consist the principles 
 oifiammahilitp. Broun. 
 
 Flamma'tion. w. s. [flammatio, Lat.] 
 The act of setting on flame. 
 
 White or crystalline arsenick, being artificial, 
 and sublimed with salt, will not endure y/tnoma- 
 tion. Bnm-n's J'ulgar EirouTS. 
 
 Fla'mmeous. adj. [ Jlammcus, Lat.] 
 Consisting of flame ; resembling flame. 
 
 Thisyammcous light is not over all tlie body. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 FLAMMl'rEROUS.arf/. [Jlammifer, Lat.] 
 
 Bringing flame. Diet. 
 
 Flammi'vomou.s. adj. [ Jiamma and 
 
 vomo, Lat.] Vomiting out flame. Diet. 
 
 Fla'my. adj. [from y/awc] 
 
 1. Inflamed ; burning ; blazing. 
 
 My thoughts iiuprison'd in my secret woes, 
 WitUjtamy breaths do issue oft ni sound. Sidnei/. 
 
 2. Having the nature of flame. 
 
 The vital spirifs of living creatures are a sub- 
 stance conipnunded of an air^" and fiamxi matter ; 
 and though air and i^ame, being free, will not well 
 mingle, yet bound in by a body they will. Bacon. 
 
 FL.^NK. n. s. [Jlanc, Fr. according to 
 
 Menage, from ^ayw» ; more probably from 
 
 lotus, Lat.] 
 
 1. That part of the side of a quadruped 
 near the liindcr thigh. 
 
 The belly shall be eminent by shadowing the 
 Jiank. Pearhatn. 
 
 2. [In men.] The lateral part of the lower 
 belly. 
 
 He said, and pois'd in air, the jav'lin sent : 
 Through Paris' shield tiie forceful w eapon went, 
 His corslet pierces, and his garment rends, 
 And glancing downward near his^u7t/c descends. 
 
 Pupe. 
 
 3. The side of any army or fleet. 
 
 Great ordnance and small shot thundered and 
 showered upon our men from the rampier in front, 
 and from the gailies that lay at sea in Jiank. 
 
 Bacoiis War with Spain. 
 
 Gray was appninted to stand on the left side, in 
 
 such sort as he might take the Jiank of the enemy. 
 
 Huuward, 
 To right and left the front 
 Divided, and to either_/?o;i/e retir'd. Milton. 
 
 4. [In fortification.] That part of the bas- 
 tion v/hich reaches from the curtain to 
 the face, and defends the opposite face, 
 ihe flank and tlie curtain. Uarris. 
 
 To Flank, v. a. 
 
 1 , To attack the side of a battah"on or fleet, 
 
 2. To be posted so as to overlook or com- 
 mand any pass on the side. 
 
 FLA 
 
 With fates averse against their king's com- 
 mand, 
 Arm'd on the right, and on the left they stand, 
 And tiank the passage. Dryden's .iln. 
 
 3. To .secure on the side. 
 
 By the rich scent wc found our perfmn'd prey, 
 Which, flank'd with rocks, did close in covert lay, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Flanker. «. 5. [£rom Jiank.] A forti- 
 fication jutting out so as to command 
 the side of a body marching to the as- 
 sault. 
 
 The Turks, discouraged with the loss of their 
 
 fellows, and sore beaten by the Spaniards out of 
 
 their^anfters, were enforced to retire. KnoUes. 
 
 Like storms of hail the stones fell down from high, 
 
 Cast from the bulwarks, /ian/cers, ports, and towers. 
 
 Fair/. 
 
 To Fla'nker. v. a. [Jlanquer, Fr.] To 
 defend by lateral fortifications. 
 
 Fla'nnel. n. s. [s;wlanen, Welsh ; from 
 givlan wool, Davies.] A soft nappy stuff 
 of wool. 
 
 I cannot answer the \Ve\cb flannel. Shakesp. 
 FLAP. n. s. [la?ppe, .Sax.] 
 
 1 . Any thing that hangs broad and loose, 
 fastened only by one side. 
 
 There is a peculiar provision for the windpipe, 
 that is, a cartilaginous flap upon the opening of 
 the larinx, which hath an open cavity for the ad- 
 mission of the air. Brmon. 
 
 Some surgeons make a crucial incision, upon 
 the supposition that the wound will more easily 
 heal by turning down theflaps. Sharp. 
 
 2. The motion of any thing broad and 
 loose. 
 
 3. [A disease in horses] 
 
 When a horse has the flaps, you may perceive 
 his lips swelled on both sides of his mouth ; artd 
 fliat which is in the blisters is like the white of an 
 egg : cut some slashes with a knife, and rub it once 
 with salt, and it will cure. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 To Flap. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To beat with a flap, as flies are beaten. 
 
 A hare, hard put to it by an eagle, t(;uk sanc- 
 tuary in a ditch with a beetle : the eagle flapt off 
 the former, and devoured the other. L'Estrange. 
 
 Yet let me flop this bug with gilded wings. 
 This painted child of dirt, that stinks and stings. 
 
 Pope. 
 •2. To move with a flap or noise made by 
 the stroke of any thing broad. 
 
 AMth fruitless toil 
 Flap filmy pinions oft, to extricate 
 I'heir feet in liquid shackles bound. Philips. 
 
 Three times, all in the dead o( night, 
 A bell was heard to ring ; 
 
 And shrieking at her window thrice 
 The raven flapp d his wing. Ticket. 
 
 To Flap. v. n. 
 
 1 . To ply the wings with noise. 
 
 'Tis common for a duck to run flapping and 
 fluttering away, as if maimed, to carry people from 
 her young. L' Estrange. 
 
 Tne dire /?app?"Tt^ on the sliield of Tiirnus, and 
 fluttering about his head, disheartened him in the 
 duel. jyriidetis JEneid. 
 
 2.To fallwith flaps or broad parts depending. 
 
 When suffocating mists obscure the morn. 
 Let thy worst wig, long us'd to storms, be wcrn ; 
 This k'nows the powder'd fuotman, and with care 
 Beneath his flapping hat secures his hair. Oay. 
 
 Fla'pdragon. n. s. [from a dragon 
 supposed to breathe fire.] 
 
 1. A play in which they catch raisins out 
 of biu-ning brandy, and, extinguishing 
 them by closing the mouth, est them. 
 
 2. The thing eaten at flapdragon. 
 
 He plays at quoits well, and eats conger aijd fen- 
 nel, and drinks candles ends for fiapdragtws, and 
 rides the wild mure with tlie boys. Shakap.
 
 FLA 
 
 ToFla'pdragon. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To swallow ; to devour. Low cant. 
 
 But to make an cud of the shij), to see how the 
 seaJiapdTiigoned it. Shakesp. Winter's Tule. 
 
 Fla FEARED, tfr//. [Jlap and car.] Hav- 
 ing loose and broad ears. 
 A whoreson, beelle-lieadcd, ^a/)earcd knave. 
 
 Sliaktsp. 
 To Fl.ARE. r. /7. [from flederai to flutter, 
 Dut. Skinntr ; perliaps accidentally 
 changed from gUire.^ 
 
 1. To glitter with transient lustre. 
 
 Doctrine and hfe, culours and light, in one 
 When tlit'y combine and mJiiKle, I'ring 
 
 A strong refrard ;iiid awe ; out bpei'ch alone 
 Doth vanish like vi fiarbtg thing, 
 And in the car, not conscience, ring. Herbert. 
 
 2. To glitter offensively. 
 
 \\ lien the sun begins to flinp 
 H'lsjiarin^^ beams, ine, poddeis, bring 
 To arched walks uf twihght groves. Milton. 
 
 3. To be in too nuich liiiht. 
 
 I cnnnot stay 
 Flaring in siinsiiine all the da^'. Prior. 
 
 4. To nutter with a splendid show. 
 
 Slie sliall be loose enroh'd, 
 With ribbands [lendant flaring; 'bout lier licad. 
 
 FLASH, n. s. [ipxl^, Minshew.] 
 
 1. A sudden, quick, transitory blaze. 
 
 When the cross fiiuc iiphtniny seem'd to open 
 The breast of heav'n, 1 did present myself 
 Ev'n in the aim and very fiasJt of it. Shakesp. 
 
 We sec njlash of a piece is seen sooner than the 
 noise is heard. Bacon's KaUiral Hishwv- 
 
 One witli nfash be^jins, and ends in smoak ; 
 The other cut of smoak. brings glorious light. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 And as ^Egcon, when with heaven he strove, 
 Defy'd the forky lightning from afar, 
 At fiftj' mouths"liis naming breath expires, 
 hi\d fiask for Jlash returns, and fires for fires. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Sudden burst of wit or merriment. 
 
 Where be yt>ur gibes now ? 3'our gambols ? your 
 songs ? your Jiashes of merriment, that were wont 
 to set the table in a roar ? Shakesp. 
 
 Wicked men prefer the light_^asftes of a wanton 
 mirth, which fnr a while suspend reflection, and 
 hide the sinner from himself, to such discourses 
 as awaken conscience. Bogers. 
 
 3. A short transient state. 
 
 The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 4. A body of water driven by violence. 
 To Flash, v. n. 
 
 1. To glitter with a quick and transient 
 flame. 
 
 This salt powdered, and put into a crucible, was, 
 by the injection of well kindled charcoal, made to 
 Juuh divers times, almost like melted nitre. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 2. To burst out into any kind of violence. 
 
 By day and night he wrongs me ; ev'ry hour 
 \iejUishcs into one gross crime or other, 
 That sets us all at odds. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To break out into wit, merriment, or 
 bright thouglit. 
 
 'I'heyjlash out sometimes into an irr:-gular great- 
 ness of thought. Fclton on ihe Ctassich. 
 
 To Flash, v. a. To strike up large bodies 
 of water from the surface. 
 
 With his raging arms he rudely flash'd 
 The waves ahcuit, and all his armour swept. 
 That all tlie blood and filth aw.iy was wash'd. 
 
 Fairu Queen. 
 
 If the sea-water he flashed with a stick" or oar, 
 
 tile same easlelh a sinning colour, and the drops 
 
 resemble sparkles of fire. Careio. 
 
 Fla'sher. n. s. [from flash.] A man 
 
 of more appearance of wit than reality. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 FLA 
 
 Flas'hily. flrfr. [from Jlas/ii/.] With 
 empty show ; without real power of wit, 
 or solidity of thought. 
 Fla'shy. adj. [from flash.] 
 
 1. Empty ; not solid ; showy without sub- 
 stance. 
 
 I'lash\i wits cannot fathom the whole extent of a 
 large discourse. Ihghx] on the Sout. Dediraiunt. 
 
 WlieH they list, their lean and Jiashy songs 
 Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretclied straw. 
 
 M'dum. 
 
 This mean conceit, this darling mystery, f buy ; 
 Whieli IhoM think st nothing, friend ! thou shall not 
 Nor will I change for all Xhc flasJiil wit. IJrydcn. 
 
 2. [From Jlarcidns, Skinner.] Insipid ; 
 without force or spirit. 
 
 Distilled books are, like common distilled wa- 
 ters, flnfhii lllings. Bacon's Kimm. 
 
 Tlie tastes that most offend in fruits, herbs and 
 roots, are bitter, harsh, sour, walerish or flashy. 
 
 Bacon s Nalurai History. 
 
 FLASK, n. s. [Jlasqne, Fr.] 
 L .'\ bottle ; a vessel. 
 
 Then for the Bourdeaux you may freely ask ; 
 But the Champaigne is tn each man \\\^fiask. King. 
 2. A powder-horn. 
 
 Powder in a skiliess soldier's Jiask 
 Is set on fire. Shakesp. 
 
 Flasket. 71. «. [from^asA-.] A vessel 
 in which viands are served. 
 
 Another plac'd 
 The silver stands with goldeny^asA'C/sgrac'd.Pope. 
 
 FLAT. adj. [plat, Fr.] 
 
 1. Horizontally level without inclina- 
 tion. 
 
 Thou, all-shaking thunder. 
 Strike //fl( the thick rotundity o' th' world. Shah. 
 
 Virtue could see to do what virtue would 
 By her own radiant light, thuugli bun and moon 
 ^^ ere in l!iey/t/( sea sunk. Milton. 
 
 The houses arcjlat roofed to walk upon, so that 
 every bomb that fell on them would take effect. 
 Jlddison on Italy. 
 
 2. Smooth ; without protuberances. 
 
 In the dawn! uc of the next day we miglit plainly 
 discern it was aland Jlat to our sight, and full of 
 boscage. Bacon. 
 
 3. Not elevated; fallen; not erect. 
 
 Cease t' admire, and beauty's plumes 
 Fall //a(, and shrink into a trivial toy, 
 At every sudden slighting quite abasht, Milton. 
 
 4. Level with the ground. 
 
 In them is plainest taught, and easiest learnt. 
 What makes a nation liappy, and keeps it so, 
 What ruins kingdoms, andlays cities_^'at. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 That Christ-church stands above ground, and 
 that the church of Westminster lies not J^ut upon 
 it, is your lordship's commendation. South. 
 
 5. Lying prostrate ; lying along. 
 
 The wood-born jteople fall before hery?af, 
 And worship her as goddess of the wood. F.Queen. 
 
 That lamentable wound, 
 Which laid tliatwretched prlnce_//u( on the ground. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 G. [In painting.] Wanting relief ; wanting 
 
 prominence of the figures, 
 7. Tasteless ; insipid ; dead. 
 
 Ilf, like a pulinp cuckold, would drink up 
 The lees and dregs oiajiat lamed piece. 
 
 Sltahcs]}, 
 Taste so divine ! that what of sweet before 
 Hath touch'd my sense ,^ut seems to this and harsh. 
 
 Milton. 
 The miry fields, 
 Rejoicin*^ in rich mould, most ample fruit 
 Of beauteous form produce ; jdeasing to sioht. 
 But to the tongue inclepuit and^af. Fhitips. 
 
 0. Dull ; unanimated ; frigid. 
 
 Short .•^|Jeoclles Hy aluoad like darts, and are 
 thoujzlit to be shot out of secret intentions; but 
 as for larj:e discourses, they aicjiat things, and 
 not so much noted. Bacon. 
 
 FLA 
 
 Some short excursions of a broken vow 
 lie made indeed, bul flat insipid stulT. 
 
 Drydeiu 
 
 0. Depressed ; spiritless ; dejected, 
 
 I feel my ccnial spirits droop. 
 My hopes all flat, nature within me seem. 
 In all her functitHis weary of herself. iliUim, 
 
 10. Uni)leasing ; tasteless. 
 
 How weary, Male,y/ot and unprnfilable 
 Seem to me all the uses of this world ! 
 
 Shakfjp. 
 To one firmly persuaded of the reality of hea- 
 venly happiness, andcarneslly desirous of oblain- 
 iuK It, all earthly satisfactions must needs look 
 little, and grow Jiut and unsavoury. 
 
 Atterhury's Scrm, 
 
 11. Peremptory; absolute; downright. 
 
 His horse with Jlxit tiring tauelit him, that di«. 
 criel stays make speedy jounieys, Sidney. 
 
 It is a flat wrong to punish tile thought or pur- 
 pose of any before it be enacted ; for true justice 
 punisheth nothing hut the evil act or wicked 
 word. Spemrr. 
 
 As it is in the nature of all men to love libertv, 
 so they become /iat libertines, and fall to all li- 
 centiousnesss. Sptjuer. 
 
 You start awav, 
 And lend no car unto my purposes ; 
 Those prisojiers you shall Keep : 
 ——I will, that's/af. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Thus repuls'd, our final hope 
 Is flat despair : we must exasperate 
 Th' Almighty A'ictor to spenn all his rage. 
 And that nnist enri us. Mittcm's Paradise Lest. 
 
 If thou sin in wine or wantonness. 
 Boast not thereof, nor make thy shame tliy glory ; 
 
 Frailty gets pardon by submissiveness, 
 Bul he that boasts, shuts that out of his storv. 
 He mnlivfflat war with God, and doth defy," 
 With his nieer clod of earth, the spacious sky. 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 You liad broke and robb'd his house. 
 And stole his talismanique louse ; 
 And all his new-found old inventions, 
 W'ithy/a( felonious uitentiuns. Hudibras. 
 
 12. Not shrill ; not acute ; not sharp in 
 sound. 
 
 If you stop the Iioles of a hawk's bell, it will 
 make no ring, but ajtat noise or rattle, 
 
 Bacm. 
 The upper end of the windpipe is endued with 
 several eartilajres and muscles to contract or dilate 
 it, as we would have otu voice riat or sharp. 
 
 ^ Ray. 
 
 Flat. ?i. s. 
 
 1 . A level ; an extended plane. 
 
 The strings of a lute, viol, or virginals, pive a 
 far creater sound, by reason of the knot, Ijoard 
 and concave undt-rneatb, than if there were no- 
 thing but only the Jlat of a board to let in the 
 uj»j)er air irUo the lower. Bacon. 
 
 Because the air rcceiveth great tincture from 
 tlie earth, expose flesh or fisli, both upon a stake 
 of wood some lieif^ht above the earth, aud upon 
 the flat of the earth. Bacon, 
 
 It comes near an artificial miracle to make di- 
 vers distinct eminences appear a Jlat by force of 
 shadows, and yet the shadows themselves not to 
 appear. HVnon's Architecture. 
 
 He has cut the side of the rock into a Jlat for a 
 parden ; and by lavincj on it the waste earth, thai 
 he 1ms found in several of the neighbouring parts, 
 furnished out a kind of luxury for a hermit 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. Even ground; not moimtainous. 
 
 Now pile your dust upon the quick and dead, 
 'Till of this fiat a mountain you have made, 
 T' o'ertop old Pclion, or the skyi^h head 
 Of blue Olympus. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 'ITic way is ready and not long. 
 Beyond a row of myrtles, on ajiat, 
 Fa^t by a mountain. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. A smooth low ground exposed to in- 
 undations. 
 
 The ocean, overpeering of his list. 
 Eats not the fiats with more impetuous haste 
 Than youngljiertes, in a riotous head, 
 O'erbcars your otlicers. Shakrsp. Hamlet.
 
 r L A 
 
 All the iiifeclions, that the sun siirks up 
 From bogs, fens, _/(«(«, on Prospero fall. Shakesp. 
 
 Hulf iny pow'rs this night. 
 Passing thesi-yiats, are taken by the tide ,■ 
 These Lincoln washes have devoured them, i/iult. 
 4. Shallow ; strand ; place in the sea where 
 the water is not deep enough for ships. 
 
 I should not see the sandy hour-glass run, 
 But I should think of sliallows and ofjtats. Shak. 
 
 The dili'iculty is very great to bring them in or 
 out through so many /lats and sands, if wind and 
 weather be not very favourable. Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Having newly left these grammatick _/iats and 
 shallows, where they stuck unreasonably, they are 
 now turnioilcd with their unballasted wils in fa- 
 ihoudess and unquiet deeps of controvetsj. 
 
 Millm. 
 
 Full in the prince's passage hills of sand, 
 And dang'rous/ats, in secret ambush l.iy. 
 
 Where the false tides skim o'er the cover d land. 
 And seamen with dissembled depths betrajr. Dryd. 
 
 Must we now have an ocean of mere fiats and 
 shallows, to the utter ruin of navigation ? Benttey. 
 b. The broad side of a blade. 
 
 A darted mandate came [frame. 
 
 From that great will which moves this mighty 
 Bid me to thee, my royal charge, repair. 
 To "uard thee from the dsmons of the air; 
 My'^flaming sword above 'em to display, 
 All keen and ground upon the edge of day. 
 The flat to sweep the visions from thy mind, 
 The'edge to cut 'era through that staybchind.Dri/d. 
 
 6. Depression of thought or language. 
 
 Jlilton's Paradise Lost is admirable ; but am I 
 therefore bound to maintain, that there are uoJlaU 
 amoncst his elevations, when 'tis evident he creeps 
 along^sometiraes for above an hundred lines to- 
 oethh. . Vrqden. 
 
 7. A surface without relief, or prominences. 
 
 Are there then such ravishing charms in a dull 
 unvaried Jlat, to make a sufficient compensation 
 for the cliief things of the ancient moiintams, and 
 for the precious things of the lasting hills? 
 
 ' Bentley. 
 
 To Flat. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 I . To level ; to depress ; to make broad 
 and smooth 
 
 F L A 
 
 Not any interpreters allow it to he spoken of 
 such ?Ls/aHy deny the being of Go>l ; but r.f them 
 that believing bis existence, seclude him f'oi' d'" 
 recting the w'orld. ^™"^'/- 
 
 Fla'tness. n. s. [from^a^.J 
 
 1. Evenness ; level extension. 
 
 2. Want of relief or prominence. 
 
 It appears so very plain and uniform, that one 
 
 would tViink the comer looked on the >tneM of a 
 
 figure, as one of the greatest beauties in sculuture. 
 
 ° Addison on Medals. 
 
 3. Deadness ; insipidity ; vapidness. 
 
 Deadness or fiatnns in cyder is often occasioned 
 by the too free admission of air into the vessel. 
 •^ MiTrtimer s Husbandry 
 
 4. Dejection of fortune. 
 
 The emperor of Russia was my father. 
 Oh that he were alive, and here beholding 
 His daughter's trial ! that he did but see ^ 
 TlKjiaUiess of my misery ! Shakesp. II inter s lale. 
 
 5. Dejection of mind; want of hte ; want 
 
 of spirit. 
 
 How fast does obscurity, fiatness, and imper- 
 tinency flow in upon our meditations? lis a dif- 
 ficult "task to talk to the purpose, and to put h'e 
 and perspicuity into our discimrses. Collier. 
 
 6. Dulness ; insipidity ; frigidity. 
 
 Some of Homer's translators have swelled into 
 fustian, and others sunk into_/ialncss. - Pope. 
 
 7. The contrary to shrillness or acuteness 
 
 of sound. 
 
 Take two saucers, and strike the edge of the 
 one against tlie bottom of the other within a pale 
 of water, and vou shall find the sound groweth 
 more flat, even while part of the saucer is above 
 the water ; but that Jiatness of sound is joined 
 with a harshness. J3acm. 
 
 To Flatten, v. a. [ fiatir, Fr. from 
 
 1 . To make even or level, without promi- 
 nence or elevation. 
 
 2. To beat down to the ground. 
 
 If thev should lie in it, and beat it down, or 
 flatten \i, it will rise again. Uartmiers Husbandry. 
 
 FLA 
 
 Flatter d crimes of a licentious age 
 Provoke our censure. 
 
 y. 
 
 rtun^. 
 
 The ancients say, if you take two twigs of se- 
 >eral fruit-trees, and flat them on the sides, and 
 bind them close, and set them in the ground, they 
 will come up in one stock. Bacon. 
 
 With horrid shapes she does her sons expose. 
 Distends their swelling lips, -dui flats their nose. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 2. To make vapid. 
 
 An orange, lemon and apple, wrapt in a linen 
 cloth, being buried for a fortnight four feet deep 
 within the earth, though m a moist place and 
 rainv time, were become a little harder than tbey 
 were- otherwise fresh in their colour, but their 
 juice somew hat^lotled. Bacons Aatural History. 
 
 To Flat. v. n. 
 
 1. To grow flat : opposed to stvdl. 
 
 I burnt it the second time, and observed the 
 skin shrink, and the swelling ioflai yet more than 
 at first. . ^«™P'«- 
 
 2. To render unanimated or evanid. 
 
 Nor are constant forms of prayer more likely 
 to rfal and hinder the spirit of prayer and devo- 
 Uon, than unpremeditated and confused variety 
 to distract and lose it. Anig CftaWes. 
 
 Flatlong. adv. [flat and long.^ With 
 the flat downwards ; not edgewise. 
 
 What a blow was there given? 
 —An it had fallen/atlong. Shakesp. lempest. 
 
 Flatly, udv. [from flat.] 
 
 1. Horizontally; without inclination. 
 
 2. Without prominence or elevation. 
 
 3. Without spirit ; dully ; frigidly. 
 
 4. Peremptorily ; downright. 
 
 He in these wars )ad flatly refused hisaid.iirfn. 
 Thereupon ihes flatly disavouch 
 To yield him more obedience, or support. Vanicl. 
 Unjust, thou say'st, 
 Fbtly unjust, to bind with laws the free. Milton. 
 
 3. To make vapid. _ 
 
 4. To deject ; to depress ; to dispirit. 
 To Flatten, i'. n. 
 
 1. To grow even or level. ^ 
 
 2. To grow dull and insipid. 
 Here joys that endure fur ever, fresh and n 
 
 vigour are opposed to satisfactions that are at 
 tended with satiety and surfeits, and/a(leii in the 
 very tasting. „ ^ ^^^^-'"'"T' 
 
 Fla'Vter. n. s. [from flat.] The work- 
 man or instrument by which bodies are 
 flattened. 
 To FLATTER, r. a. [flatter, Fr.] 
 1 . To sooth with praises ; to please with 
 blandishments ; to gratify with servile 
 obsequiousness ; to gain by false com- 
 pliments. 
 
 When 1 tell him he hates flatterers. 
 He says he does ; being then mosl flattered. 
 
 •' Shakesp. 
 
 His nature is too noble for the world ; 
 He would not flatter Neptune for his tridentj 
 Or Jove for's power to thunder ; his heart s his 
 
 mouth ; 
 What his breast forges that his tongue must vent. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He that flfltterelMiis neighbour, spreadeth anet 
 for his feet. ^. P^"'-- ",'.?^-,?- 
 
 He ri<itfereJ/i himself in his own eyes, until his 
 iniquity be found hateful. Ps,i/m xxxvi. 2. 
 
 .After this way of J< ottering their willing bene- 
 factors out of part, they contrived aiioiier of 
 forcing their unwilling neighbours out of all their 
 possessions. ^ ^ Decay of Piety. 
 
 Averse alike to flatter or offend. Pope 
 
 I scorn to flatter you or any man. Newton 
 
 2. To praise falsely. 
 
 J lOVOKU OUI l.iril3UIC. I iiunf^. 
 
 3. To please ; to sooth. This sense is 
 purely Gallick. 
 
 A consort of voices supporting themselves by 
 their ditfereiit parts makes a harmony, pleasingly 
 fills the ears and flatters them. Drydens Ditfresnoy. 
 
 4. To raise false hopes. 
 
 He, always vacant, always amiable, 
 Hopes thee, of Jtatt'ring gales 
 Unmindful. Milton. 
 
 Fla'tterer. n. s. [fromflatter.] One 
 who flatters ; a fawner ; a wheedler ; 
 one who endeavours to gain favour by 
 pleasing falsities. 
 
 When 1 tell him he hates^iottCT-ers, 
 He says he does ; being then most flattered. SftaA. 
 
 Some praises proceed merely of flattery ; and if 
 he be an ordinary flatterer, he will have certain 
 common attributes, which may serve every man : 
 if he be a cunning jjatterer, he will follow the arch 
 flatterer, which is a man's self. But if he be an 
 im|)udcnt flatterer, look wherein a man is con- 
 scious to himself that he is most defective, and is 
 most out of countenance in himself, that will the 
 flatterer entitle him to perforce. Bacon. 
 
 If we from wealth to poverty descend. 
 Want gives to know theflatt'rer from the friend. 
 ^ Druden. 
 
 After treating her like a goddess, the husband 
 uses her like a woman: what is still worse, the 
 most abject _/Jal(erers degenerate into the greatest 
 tyrants. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 The publick should know this: yet whoever 
 goes about to inform them, shall be censured for 
 aflatterer. Suift. 
 
 Flattery. 7J. «. [fiom^«««r; flat- 
 terie, Fr.] False praise; artful obse- 
 quiousness ; adulation. 
 Rlinds, by nature great, are conscious of their 
 greatness. 
 And hold it mean to borrow aught from/altfry. 
 
 Rowe. 
 
 Simple pride for fiatt'ry makes demands. Pope. 
 
 See how they beg an alms of flattery! 
 
 They languish, O ! support them witha lye.I'oiing. 
 
 FL.VTTISH.arf/. [from^ar] Somewhat 
 
 flat ; approaching to flatness. 
 
 These are from three inches over to six or seven, 
 and of a flattish shape. Woodward en Fossils. 
 
 Fla'tulency. n. s. [iiom flatulent.] 
 
 1. Windiness ; fulness of wind; turge- 
 scence by wind confined. 
 
 Venetable substances contain a great deal of 
 air, wTiich expands itself, producing all the dis- 
 orders of /i<it.</<mcv. Arbnthnot. 
 
 2. Emptiness ; vanity ; levity ; airiness. 
 
 Whether most of them are not the genuine de- 
 rivations of the hypothesis they claim to, may be 
 determined by any that considers the natural fla- 
 tulency of that airy scheme of notions. GlanvilU. 
 
 FL.VTULENT. adj. [flatuhntus, flatus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Turgid -with air; windy. 
 
 Pea-e are mild and demulcent ; but being full 
 of aerial particles are>Iulcnt,when dissolved by 
 
 diK"<i""' u -1 ^ m'1 1^; 
 
 Flatulent tumours are such as easily yield to the 
 
 pressure of the finger, but readily return, by their 
 
 ehisticily, to a tumid state again. iiuincy. 
 
 2. Empty ; vain ; big without subsUnce 
 
 or reality ; puffj'. . j. .. . 
 
 To talk of knowledge, from those few indistinct 
 representations which" are made to our grosser fa- 
 cullies, is aflatulent vanity. Clamille s Scepsu. 
 
 How many of these/afi</«t writers have sunk 
 in their repGtaliou, after seven or eight edition, 
 of their works. ^'^'^"'' 
 
 Flatuosity. n. s. [flatuositi, Fr. frorn 
 flatus, Lat.] W^indiness; fulness ot 
 
 ^The cause is^tuosify; f«f "'"<' .^''V^"*' ""'w 
 to expel ; and aU purges have m them a raw 
 
 728
 
 FLA 
 
 spirit of wind, which is the principal cause of 
 tension in the stomach and belly. Bacon. 
 
 Fla'tuous. adj. [fromJiafuSfLat,] Windy; 
 full of wind. 
 
 Rhubarb in the stomach, in a small qnaniity, 
 doth digest and overcome, being nut Jiatuous nur 
 loathsome ; and so *tcii(ieth it to the mesentery 
 veins, and, being opening, it helpelh down urine. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 FLATUS, n. s. [Lat.] Wind gathered in 
 any cavities of the botiy, caused by in- 
 digestion and a gross internal perspira- 
 tion ; which is therefore discussed by 
 warm aromaticks. Quincy. 
 
 Fla'twise. adj. [Jlat and wise: so it 
 should be written, not Jlat jv ays. '\ With 
 the flat downwards ; not the edge. 
 
 Its posture in the earth was Jiatwise, and paral- 
 lel to the site of the stratum in which it was repo- 
 sited. Woodward on Fossils. 
 
 To Flaunt, v. n, 
 
 1. To make a fluttering shew in apparel. 
 
 Witli ivy canopy 'd, and interwove 
 With Jiaunting honeysuckle, Milton. 
 
 These courtiers of applause deny themselves 
 things convenient to Jiaunt it out, being frequent- 
 ly enough fain to immolate their own desires to 
 their vanity. Boyle. 
 
 Here, atiir'd beyond our purse, we go, 
 For useless ornament and flaunting show : 
 We take on trust, in purple robes to shine. 
 And poor, are yet ambitious to be fine. Dryden. 
 
 You sot, you loiter about alehouses, ox jiaunt 
 about the streets in your new-guilt chariot, never 
 minding me nor your numerous family. Arbuth. 
 
 2. To be hung with something loose and 
 flying. This seems not to be proper: 
 the words flaunt andjluttei' might with 
 more proprietyhave changed their places. 
 
 Fortune in men has some small diff'rence made; 
 One Jiaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade. Pope. 
 
 Flaunt, n. s. Any thing loose and airy. 
 
 How would he look to see his work so noble. 
 Wildly bound up, what would he say ! or how 
 Should 1 in these ray horrow'd Jiaunts behold 
 The sternness of his presence ! Shakesp. 
 
 FLAVOUR, n. «. 
 
 1 , Power of pleasing the taste. 
 
 They have a certain Jlavour, at their first ap- 
 pearance, from several accidental circumstances, 
 which they may lose, if not taken early. 
 
 Adduion s Spectator. 
 
 2. Sweetness to the smell ; odour ; fra- 
 grance. 
 
 Myrtle, orange, and the blushing rose, 
 With bending heaps, sonij:h their bloom disclose, 
 £ach seems to smell the Jiavour which the other 
 blows. Dryden. 
 
 FlaVorous. adj. [£rom flavour.'] 
 
 1. Delightful to the palate. 
 
 Sweet grapes degen'rate there, and fruits de- 
 clin'd 
 From their first Jiav'tous taste, renounce their kind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Fragrant; odorous. 
 
 FLAW. n. s. [(pXasj to break ; ploh, Sax. a 
 
 garment.] 
 1. A crack or breach in any thing. 
 
 This heart shall break into a thousand Jlaus 
 Or ere I weep. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Wool, new-shorn, being laid casually upon a 
 vessel of verjuice, after some lime had drunk up 
 m great part of the verjuice, though the vessel 
 were whole, without any y/auj, and haa not the 
 bung-hole open. Bacon s Kat. Hist. 
 
 We fouiid it exceeding difficult to keep out the 
 air from getting in at any imperceptible hole or 
 Jiaw. Boyle. 
 
 A flaw is in thy ill-bak'd vessel found : 
 Tis hollow, and returns a jarring sound. Dryd. 
 
 As if great Atlas, from his height. 
 
 Should sink beneath hia Iteavcnly weight ; 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 1< L A 
 
 And with a mighty _^u> ihe flaming walJ, as once 
 
 itsliall. 
 
 Should gape immense, and rushing down, o'er- 
 
 wTirlm this nether ball. Dryden. 
 
 Wliclher the iijniph shall break Diana's law, 
 
 Or some frail Chnia-jar receive a Jiaw. Pope. 
 
 He that would keep his house in repair, must 
 
 attend every little breach ot f<aw, and supply it 
 
 immediately, else time alone will bring all to ruin. 
 
 Suijt. 
 
 2. A fault ; defect ; something thai weak- 
 ens or invalidates. 
 
 Yet certain though it be, it ha.ih Jlaus ; (or that 
 the scriveners and brokers do value unsound men 
 to serve their own turn. Bacons Essays, 
 
 Traditions were a proof alone. 
 Could we be certain such they were, so known : 
 But since some Jiatcs in Jong descents ma}* be, 
 They make not truth, but probability. Dryden. 
 
 And laid her dow ry out in law, 
 To null her jointure with a Jiaw. _ Hudi'-ras. 
 
 Their judgment has found ay?auj in what the 
 generality of mankind admires. Addison's Spect. 
 
 So many Jlans had this vow in its first concep- 
 tion. Atterbury. 
 
 3. A sudden gust ; a violent blast, [from 
 
 flo, Lat.] Obsolete. 
 
 Being incens'd, he's flint ; 
 As humourous as \\ inter, and as sudden 
 As Jiaus congealed the spring of day. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 Oh, thattliat earlli, which kept the world in awe, 
 Should patch a wall, t'e.\pel the \Vinter*s_^aa'. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 As a hage fish, laid 
 Near to the cold weed-gathering shore, is with a 
 
 north ^'au'fraid, 
 Shoots back ; so, sent against the ground, 
 Was foil'd Eurialus. Chapman s Iliad. 
 
 Bursting their brazen dungeon, arm'd with ice. 
 And snow, and hail, and stormy gust, and Jiaw, 
 Boreas, and Cscias, and Argestes loud. 
 And Tlirascias rend the woods, and seas upturn. 
 
 MiU»n. 
 I heard the rack. 
 As earth and sky would mingle ; but myself 
 Was distant; and these Jiaics, though mortals 
 
 fear them, 
 As dangerous to the pillar'd frame of heav'n. 
 Or to the earth's dark ba^is underneath. 
 Are to the main inconsiderable. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 4. A tumult ; a tempestuous uproar. 
 
 And tills fell tempest shall not cease to rage. 
 Until the golden circuit on ray head 
 Do calra the fury of this madbrain'd Jiaw.Shakesp. 
 
 The fort's revolted to the emperor, 
 The gates are open'd, the portcullis drawn. 
 And deluges of armies from the town 
 Came pouring in; I heard the mighty ;?auT ; 
 ^Vhen first it broke, the crowding ensigns saw 
 Which choak'd the passage. Drijden's Aurcngzebt. 
 
 5. A sudden commotion of mind. 
 
 Oh these^au'S and starts. 
 Impostors to true fear, would become 
 A woman's story at a Winter's fire. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 To Flaw. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To break ; to crack ; to damage with 
 fissure. 
 
 But his jiaw'd heart. 
 
 Alack, too weak the conflict to support, 
 'Twixt two extremes of passion, joy and grief. 
 Burst smilingly. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 The cup v-as Jiaued with such a multitude of 
 little cracks, that it looks like a white, not like a 
 crystalline cup. Bovle. 
 
 The brazen cauldrons with the frosts are fiaw'd. 
 The garment stilf with ice, at hearths is thaw'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To break ; to violate. Out of use. 
 
 France haih Jiaw'd the league, and hath attach'd 
 Our merchant s goods. Shakesp. Henrjj VIII. 
 
 Flaw'less. adj, [fromflaw,] Without 
 cracks ; without defects. 
 
 A star of the first magnitude, which the more 
 high, more vast, and more ^au-/fis, shines only 
 bnght enough to make itself conspicuous. Btfylc. 
 
 F L E 
 
 Flawn. n.s. [plena, Sax.Jlan, Fr. flayt, 
 Dut] A sort of custard ; a pie baked in 
 a dish. 
 
 Fill oven full of flawns, Ginny pass not for sleep. 
 To-morrow thy father his wake-day will keep. 
 
 'I laser. 
 
 To Fla'wter. v. a. To scrape or pare a 
 skin. Ain$worth. 
 
 Fla'wy. adj. [itomjlaw.'] Full of flaws. 
 FLAX. n. s. [peax, plex, Sax. vlas, Dut.] 
 
 1. The fibrous plant of which the finest 
 thread is made. 
 
 2. The fibres of flax cleansed and coiiibe<i 
 for the spinner. 
 
 I'll fetch sorae_/?flj, and whites of egps, 
 T' applv to's bleeding face. Sltakesp, tiing Lear. 
 
 '1 lien on the rock a scanty measure place 
 Of vital Jlaz, and tum'd the wheel apace. 
 And turning sung. Drydens Ovid. 
 
 Flax'comb. n. s. [flax and comb-l The 
 instrument with which the fibres of flax 
 are cleansed from the brittle parts. 
 
 Fla'xdresser. v. s. [flax and rfrf«.] 
 He that prepares flax for the spinner. 
 
 Flaxen, adj. {iromflax.l 
 
 1. Made of fla.x. 
 
 The matron, at her nightly task, 
 AVith pensive labour draws the fiaxen thread. 
 
 Thomsivt's Winter. 
 
 The best materials for making li-ialures are the 
 
 fiaieti thread that shoemakers um.Siiarp's Surgery. 
 
 2. Fair, long, and flowing, as if made of 
 flax. 
 
 I bought a Rne flaxen long wig. AdditOH. 
 
 Fla'xweed. ft. s. A plant. 
 To FLAY. V. a. [adflaa, Islandick ; flae, 
 Dan. vlaai, Dut.] 
 
 1, To strip off the skin. 
 
 1 must have been eaten with wild beasts, or have 
 fallen into the bands of the Spaniards, and beeo 
 fiaved alive Raleigh. 
 
 Whilst the old levitical hierarchy continued, it 
 was part of the ministerial oiiice to flay the sacri- 
 fices. South. 
 
 Then give command the sacrifice to haste ; 
 Let ihe.flay'd victims in tlie plains be cast ; 
 And sacred vows, and mystick scnp, apply'd 
 To grisly Pluto and his gloomy hr'iAe. Papers Odyt. 
 
 2. To take off the skin or surface of any 
 thing. 
 
 They ^oy their skin from off them, break their 
 bones, and chop them in pieces. Mae. 
 
 Neither should that odious custom be allowed 
 of cutting scraws, which is fiayitig off the greea 
 surface o^ the ground, to ct)ver iheir cabins. Su-ijt. 
 
 Fla'yek. n. s. [from flay.] He that strip* 
 
 off the skin of any thing. 
 FLE.\. n. s. [plea, Sax. vloye, D\it. fleach, 
 Scott.] A small red insect remarkable 
 for its agility in leaping, which sucks the 
 blood of larger animals. 
 While wormwood hath seed, get a handful or 
 twain, 
 To save against 3Iarch to make flea tj refr;iin : 
 ^Vhere chamber is sweeped, and wormwood is 
 
 strown, 
 
 No flea for his life dare abide to be known. Tiuser. 
 
 A valiant yffd, that dares eat his breakfast on 
 
 the lip of a lion. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Fteas breed principally of straw or mats, w nere 
 
 there hath been a little moisture. BacmsNat.Hist. 
 
 To Flea. v. a. [from the noun. j To clean 
 
 from fleas. 
 Fle'abane. n. s. [flea and bane.] A 
 
 plant 
 
 It hath undivided leaves, which, for the most 
 part, are glutiiious, and have a strong scent ; the 
 cup of the flower is for the most part scaly, and t>f 
 
 6 A 729
 
 F L E 
 
 a cjlindrical fnnu : the fluwer is composed of 
 many florets, uhicli :tie succeeded by seeds with 
 a downy siibstai'ce adhering lo thcni. Miller. 
 
 Fle'acite. ) „ J rji^„ an(j j,7^ 1 
 Fle'abiting. ( 
 
 1. Red marks caused by fleas. 
 
 Tlieatt' ndanceof a cancer is coninioiily a break- 
 ing out all over the boMy, like sLjleabiting. 
 
 Wisemans Sureei'ii. 
 
 2. A small hurt or pain like that caused by 
 the sting of a flea. 
 
 A ^out, a cliolick, a cutting olF an arm or leg, 
 or searing the flesh, are hut Jieabitcs to the pains 
 of the soul. Harvey. 
 
 The same expence that breaks one man's back, 
 is not ajieabiling to another. L' Estrange. 
 
 Fle'abitten. adj\ [Jiea and bile.] 
 
 1 . Stung by fleas. 
 
 2. Mean ; worthless. 
 
 Fleahitten synod, an assembly brew'd 
 Of clerks and elders ana, like ihe rude 
 Chaos of Presbyl'ry, where laymen guide. 
 With the tame woolpack clergy by their side. 
 
 Cleavehnd. 
 
 Fleak. ?i.s. [from Jloccus, Lat. See 
 
 Flake] A small lock, thread, or twist. 
 
 The businesses of men depend upon these little 
 ]A^ugjieaks or threads of hemp and flax. 
 
 Mores Antidote against Atheism. 
 
 Fle'am. n. s. [corrupted from (f)Xi(SoTo/<o», 
 the instrument used in phlebotomy.] 
 An instrument used to bleed cattle, 
 ■which is placed on the vein, and then 
 driven by a blow. 
 Fle'awort. 71, s. {flea and wort.'] A 
 plant. MUla. 
 
 To FLECK. !'. a. [fleck, Germ, a spot. 
 Skinner : perhaps it is derived fromfleak, 
 orfleke, an old word for a grate, hurdle, 
 or any thing made of parts laid trans- 
 verse, from the Islandick flake.] To 
 spot ; to streak ; to stripe ; to dapple ; to 
 variegate. 
 
 Let it not see the dawning /iec/c the skies. 
 Nor the grey morning from the ocean use.Sandys. 
 
 Fleck a ill her face, and with disorder'd hair, 
 Her garments ruftled, and her bosom hare. Dnjd. 
 
 Both Jteck'd with white, the true Arcadian 
 strain. Vri/den. 
 
 To Fle'cker. II. a. [from^^t'cA:.] To spot; 
 to mark with strokes or touchts of differ- 
 ent colours ; to mark with red whelkes. 
 
 The grey-ey'd morn smiles on the frowning 
 night, 
 Check'ring the eastern clouds witli streaks of light ; 
 And darkness _/iecfter'(i, like a drunkard, reels 
 From forth day's path, and Titan's burning 
 wheels- Shakesp. 
 
 Fled. The preterite and participle ; not 
 properly oi fly to use the wings, but of 
 flee to run away. 
 
 Truth is fled far away, and leasing is hard at 
 hand. JEsd. 
 
 In vain for life he to the al(ar_/?C(2 ; 
 Ambition and revenge have certain speed. Prior. 
 
 Fledge, adj. [flederento&y, Dut.] Full- 
 feathered ; able to fly ; qualified to leave 
 the nest. 
 
 We did find 
 The shells oi fledge souls left behind. Herbert. 
 
 His locks behind. 
 Illustrious on his shoulders, _//crf?e with wings, 
 L33' waving round. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 To Fledge, v. a. [from the adjective.] To 
 furnish with wings ; to supply with fea- 
 thers. 
 
 The bird s were not as yei fledged enough to shift 
 for themselves. L'Estran^e's Fables. 
 
 The speedy growth of birds that are hatched in 
 
 F L E 
 
 nests, and fed by the old ones, till they hejiedged 
 and come ahiiost to full bijjness in about a fort- 
 night, seems to me an art^ument of Providence. Z?ai/. 
 
 The sandals of celestial mould, 
 Fled^'d with ambrosial plumes, and rich with gold, 
 Surround her feet. Pope's Odyssci^. 
 
 To Flee. v. n. pret. Jled. [Tliis word is 
 now almost universally written Jii/, 
 though properly XoJIi/j yilito-^nUy^fletv, is 
 lo move with wings^ and Jlce, jzlean, to 
 run away. 1 hey are now confounded.] 
 To run from danger ; to have recourse 
 to shelter. 
 
 Behold, this cit3' is near to rfee unto.Gen.xix 20. 
 
 Macdurt'isy^cd lo Englann. Shakesp. 
 
 Were men so dull they could not see 
 That Lyce painted ; should they Jice 
 Like simple birds into a net, 
 So grosly woven and ill set ? Waller. 
 
 None of us fall into those circumstances of dan- 
 ger, want, or pain, that can have hopes of relief 
 but from God alone ; none in all the world to Jice 
 to, but him. TitlotsoJi. 
 
 FLEECE, n. s. [f^yy, pl^r' ^^^' ^'^<^*'*^» 
 Dut.] As much wool as is shorn from 
 one sheep. 
 
 Giving account of the annual increase 
 Both of their lambs and of their w ooWy Jiecce. 
 
 Hubberd^s Tale. 
 
 So many days ray ewes have been with youn^;, 
 So many months ere I shall sheer the Jieece. Shak. 
 
 1 am shepherd to anollier man, 
 And do not sheer the Jieeccs that I graze. Shakesp. 
 
 Sailors have used every night to hang Jleeces of 
 wool on the sides of their ships, towards the wa- 
 ter ; and they have crushed fresh water out of 
 them in the morning. Bacon's Nut. Hist. 
 
 The sheep will prove much to the advantajje of 
 the woollen manufacture, by ihe fineness of the 
 fleeces. Swift. 
 
 To Fleece, f. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1, To clip the fleece offa sheep. 
 
 2. To strip ; to pull ; to plunder, as a sheep 
 is robbed of his wool. 
 
 Courts of justice have a small pension, so that 
 they are tempted to take bribes, and to Jiecce the 
 people. Addison. 
 
 Fleeced, adj. [from Jieece.] Having 
 fleeces of wool. 
 
 As when two rams, slirr'd witli ambitious pride, 
 Fight for the rule of the r'lchjieeced flock, 
 
 Iheir horned fronts so fierce on either side 
 Do meet, that with the terror of the shock 
 Astonicd both stand senseless as ablock. F.Quecn. 
 Flee'cy. adj. [£rom Jieece.] Woolly; co- 
 vered with wool. 
 
 Not all tlie Jieecy wealth 
 That doth enrich these downs is worth a thought 
 To that my errand. Milton. 
 
 From eastern point 
 Of Libra, to the fleecy star, that bears 
 Andromeda far off Atlantic seas. MUt. Par. Lost. 
 
 Let her glad valleys smile with wavy corn ; 
 Let fleecy flocks her rising hills adorn. Prior. 
 
 The good shepherd tends his Jleccy care, 
 Seeks freshest pasture, and the purest air ; 
 Explores the Iost,the wand'ring sheep directs. Po/)e. 
 To FLEER, r. w. [plejtbian lo trifle, Sax. 
 Jieardan, Scottish, Skbiner thinks it 
 formed from leer,] 
 
 1. To mock ; to gibe ; to je.st with inso- 
 lence and contempt. 
 
 You speak to Casca, and to such a man 
 That is no Jieering tell-tale. Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 Dares the slave 
 Come hither, cover'd with an antick face. 
 To fleer and scorn at our solemnity 1 Shakesp. 
 
 Do I, like the female tribe. 
 Think it well to Jleer and gibe ? Swijt. 
 
 2. To leer ; to grin with an air of civility. 
 
 How popular and courteous ; how they grin and 
 Jleer upon ever3' man they meet ! Burton. 
 
 Fleer, n, s. [from the verb.] 
 
 F L E 
 
 1 . Mockery expressed either in words or 
 looks. 
 
 Encave yourself. 
 And mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns, 
 That dwell in every region of his face. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A deceitful grin of civility. 
 
 He shall generally spy such false lines, and such 
 a sly treaclierous fleer upon the face of deceivers, 
 that he shall be sure to nave a cast of their eye to 
 warn him, before they give him a cast of their 
 nature to betray him. South. 
 
 Fle'erer. 71. s. [from fleer.] A mocker; 
 
 a fawner. Diet. 
 
 Fleet, Fleot, Flot. Are all derived 
 
 from the Sax. pleor, which signifies a bay 
 
 or gulph. Gibso7i's Camden. 
 
 Fleet, n. s. [plota. Sax.] A company of 
 
 sliips ; a navy. 
 Our pray'rs are heard ; our master's_//«i shall go 
 
 As far as winds can bear, or waters ilow. Vriur. 
 
 Fleet. 71. s. [pleot. Sax. an estuary,orarm 
 of the sea.] A creek ; an inlet of water. 
 A provincial word, from which the Fleet 
 prison and Fleet-street are named. 
 
 They have a very good way in Essex of drain- 
 ing lands that have land-rtoods or fleets running 
 through them, which make a kind ot a small creek. 
 Mortimer's Husbandrij. 
 
 Fleet, adj. [fliotur, Islandick.] 
 
 1. Swift of pace ; quiclv ; nimble ; active. 
 
 Upon that shore he spied Atin stand ; 
 There by his master left, when late lie far'd 
 In Phae3ria's_//ct'( bark. Fairy Quten. 
 
 I take him for the better dog. 
 — — — Thou art a foui ; if Echo were as fleet, 
 1 would esteem him worth a dozen such. Shakesp. 
 
 He had in his stables one of the fleetest horses 
 in England. CLurendon. 
 
 His fear was greater than his haste ; 
 For fear, though _/ifelfr than the wind. 
 Believes 'tis always left heliind. Hitdi'ras. 
 
 So fierce they drove, tiicir coursers were so fleet. 
 That the turf trembled underneath their (eel.Dryd. 
 
 He tulci us that Ihe welkin would be clear 
 When swallows^eci soar high and sjiort in dir. Gay. 
 
 2. [In tlie husbandry of some provinces.] 
 Light ; superficially fruitful. 
 
 iMarl cope-ground is acold, still", wet clay, unless 
 where it is very fleet for pasture. Mortimer's Husb. 
 
 3. Skimming the surface. Cant word. 
 
 Those lands must be plowed fleet. Mortimer. 
 
 To Fleet, v. n. [plotan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To fly swiftly ; to vanish. 
 
 How all the other passions fleet to air. 
 As doubtful thoughts, and rash embrac'd despair ! 
 
 Shakes]). 
 
 .\ wolf, who, hang'd for human slaughter, 
 Ev'n from the gdlows did his fell soul fleet. Shak. 
 
 2. To be ill a transient state ; the same with 
 
 flit. 
 
 Our understanding, to make a complete notion, 
 must add something else to this /ceimg and un- 
 remarkable superficies, that may bring it to our 
 acquaintance. F>i^by on Bodies. 
 
 O fleeting }oys 
 Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woe I Milt. 
 
 Wliile 1 listen to thy voice, 
 Cliloris ! 1 feel my life decay ; 
 
 That powerful noise 
 Calls my fleeting soul away. Tl'aUer. 
 
 As eriip'ty clouds by rising winds are tost. 
 Then fleeting forms scarce sooner found than lost. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 To Fleet, v. a. 
 
 1. To skim the water. 
 
 Who swelling sails in Caspian sea doth cross, 
 And in frail wood an Adrian gulph doth fleet. 
 Doth not, I ween, so many evils meet. F. Queen. 
 2.T0 live merrily, or pass time away lightly. 
 
 Many young gentlemen flock to him everjr day, 
 andfleet the time carelessly as they did in the 
 golden age. Shakesp. 
 
 730
 
 F L E 
 
 S, [In the country.] To skim milk ; to 
 take off the cream : whence the word 
 Jieelhig dish. 
 
 Fle'eti NGDISH. n. s. [fromjlnt and dish.] 
 A skimming bowl. 
 
 Fle'etly. adv. [from Jleet.] Swiftly ; 
 nimbl_v ; wilh swift pace. 
 
 Fle'etness. n.s. [from Jieet.] Swiftness 
 of course ; nimbleness ; celerity ; velo- 
 city ; speed ; quickness. 
 
 FLESH. 71. s. [ploec, plcBf c, Sa.x. vleesch, 
 Dut. fio!, Erse.] 
 
 7. The body distinguished from the soul. 
 
 As if tliis fieshf which walls abuut nur life, 
 Were brass unpreeuable. Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 A disease that's in my fiesh. 
 Which [ must needs call innie. Shak. King Lear. 
 And thuu, niv soul, which tum'st with curious eye 
 To view the beams of thine own form divine. 
 Know, that thuu can'st know nothing perfectly, 
 "While thou art clouded with thhjiestt of mine. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 2. The muscles distinguished from the 
 skin, bones, tendons. 
 A spirit Imth not fiish and bones. Xeit* Testament. 
 S. Animal food distinguished from ve- 
 getable. 
 
 Flesh should be forborn as long as he is in coats, 
 
 or at least till he is two or three years old. Locke. 
 
 Flesh, without being qualified with acids, is 
 
 too alkalescent a diet. Arbttthnot cm Aliments. 
 
 Acidity in ilie infant may be cured by ajiesk 
 
 diet in the nurse. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 4. The body of beasts or birds used in 
 food, distinct from fishes. 
 
 There is anotlier indictment upon thee, for suf- 
 fering Jiesh to be eaten in thy house, contrary to 
 the law. Shakesp. Hennj IV. 
 
 We mortify ourselves with fish ; and think we 
 fare coarsely, if we abstain from the^esA of other 
 animals. Broun. 
 
 5. Animal nature. 
 
 Tiie end of aliy/esA is come before nie.G^.vi. 13. 
 
 6. Carnality ; corporal appetites. 
 
 Name not religion ; for thou lov'st the Jlesh. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Fasting serves to mortify the flesh, and subdue 
 
 the lusts thereof. Smalridge^s Sermons. 
 
 7. A carnal state ; worldly disposition : in 
 theology. 
 
 They that are in the Jlesk cannot please God. 
 
 Rom. viii. 8. 
 _ The Jlesh lusteth against the spirit, and the spi- 
 rit against tlie Jlesh. Gat. v. 16. 
 
 8. Near relation : a scriptural use. 
 
 Let not our hand be upon hini ; for he is our 
 
 fiesk. Genesis. 
 
 WTienthou seestthe naked, cover him ; and hide 
 
 not thyself from thine own Jlesh. Jsa. Iviii. 7. 
 
 9. The outward or literal sense. The Ori- 
 entals termed the immediate or literal 
 signification of any precept or type the 
 
 Jlesh, and the remote or typical meaning 
 
 the spirit. This is frequent in St. Paul. 
 
 Ye judge after the flesh. John viii. 15. 
 
 To Flesh, v. a. 
 
 1 . To initiate : from the sportsman's prac- 
 tice of feeding his hawks and dogs with 
 tlie first game that they take, or train- 
 ing them to pursuit by giving them the 
 Jlesh of animals. 
 
 Full bravely hast thou ilcsht 
 Thy maiden sword. ' Shakesp. Henm IV. 
 
 Every |iuny swordsman will think him a good 
 tame quarry to enter andjlesh himself upon. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 2. To harden ; to establish in any practice, 
 as dogs by often feeding on any thing. 
 
 F L E 
 
 These priaces finding thera so Jieshed m cruelty, 
 as not to be reclaimec, secretly undertook the 
 matter alone. Sidney. 
 
 'Jhe women ran all away, saving cnly one, who 
 was io Jitshed in malice, that neither during nor 
 after the fight she gave any truce to her cruelty. 
 
 Hianey. 
 3. To glut ; to satiate. 
 
 Harry from curb'd licence plucks 
 The muzzle of restraint ; and the wild dog 
 Shall ftVs/i his tooth on every innocent. Shakesp. 
 He hath perverted a young KCnJewoman, and 
 this night hejieshes his will in the spoil of her ho- 
 nour. Shakesp. 
 The kindred of him that hath been_/?«/t'(i upon us; 
 And he is hred out of that blood \ strain. 
 That bunted us in our familiar paihs. Shak. H. V. 
 
 Fle'shbroath. /(. s. [Jlesh and broatk] 
 Broath made by decocting flesh. 
 
 Her leg being emaciated, 1 advised bathing it 
 with fiesh-broaih, wherein h.id been decocted 
 emoifienl herbs. H ist/n/in*s Stirgery. 
 
 Fle'shcolour. 71. *. [^e^/i and colour,] 
 The colour of flesh. 
 
 A complication of ideas togetl er makes up the 
 single complex idea wiiich he calls man, whereof 
 white OT Jieshcoloiir in England is one. Locke. 
 
 A loose earth of a pale Jieshcolnur, that is, while 
 with a blush of red, is found in a mountain in 
 Cumberland. Woodivard. 
 
 Fle'shfly. n, s. [Jlesh undjl?/,] A fly 
 that feeds upon flesh, and deposits her 
 eggs in it. 
 
 I would no more endure 
 This wooden slavery, than I would suffer 
 The Jieshjiy blow my mouth. Shakesp. Tempest 
 It'is a wonderful thing in Jieshjiies, that a fly- 
 raaggot in five days space after it is hatched, ar- 
 rives at its full growth and perfect magnitude. 
 
 Ray 
 
 Fle'shhook. 71. s, [Jlesh and hook,] A 
 hook to draw flesh from the caldron. 
 
 All that i\ie Jiesh-hook brought up the priest took. 
 1 Sam. ii. 12. 
 
 Fle'shless. adj. [fromjlesh.] Without 
 flesh. 
 
 Fle'shliness. 71. s. [£romJleshl^.] Car- 
 nal passions or appetites. 
 
 When strong passions or WQakJleshliness 
 Would from the right way seek to draw him wide. 
 
 He would, tliroujih temperance and stedfastness 
 
 Teach him the weak to strengthen, and the stronc 
 
 suppress. Spenser. 
 
 Corrupt manners in living, breed false judg- 
 ment in doctrine : sin aud Jieshliness bring forth 
 sects and heresies. Ascham, 
 
 Fleshly, adj. [from^esh.] 
 
 1. Corporeal. 
 
 Nothing resembles death so much as sleep ; 
 Y^ct then our minds themselves from slumber keep, 
 When from their Jieshly bondage they are free. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. Carnal ; lascivious. 
 
 Belial, the dissolutest spirit that fell. 
 The seiisuaiest ; aud, after Asmodai, 
 The J^ej/ifif5t incubus. Paradise Regained. 
 
 3. Animal ; not vegetable. 
 
 *Tis then for nougiit that mother earth provides 
 The stores of all she shows, and all she hides. 
 If men with Jieshli) morsels nmst be fed. 
 And chaw with bloody teeth the breatliin^bread. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 •i. Human ; not celestial ; not spiritual. 
 
 Else, never could the force of fieshiu arm 
 Ne molten metal in his tlesh embrue.fairi/ Queen. 
 
 Th' eternal Lord in fieshly shrine 
 Enwombed was, from wretched Adam's line. 
 To purge away the guilt of sinful crime. Fairy Q. 
 
 ilucn ostentation, vain^rt'«/i/^ arm, 
 And of frail arms, much instrument of war 
 Before mine eyes thou'st set. Miit. Par. licgaincd. 
 
 Fle'shmeat. n. s. [jlesh and tneai.l Ani- 
 mal food; the flesh of animals prepared 
 for food. 
 
 F L E 
 
 The most convenieDt diet is that o{ JUthmeatt. 
 
 Ftmter. 
 In this prodigious plenty of cattje and dearth of 
 human creatures, ^lei/imeal is Oionstrousiy dear. 
 
 Saifi. 
 
 Fle'shment. 71. s. [tiamjiesh.'] Eager- 
 ness gained by a successful initiation. 
 
 He got praises of the king, 
 For him attempting who was self-subdued ; 
 And in xheJleshmeiU of his dread eiploit. 
 Drew on me here again. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Fle'shmonger. n. s. [trom^^sh.] One 
 who deals in flesh ; a pimp. 
 
 Was the duke njleshmonger, a fool, and a coward, 
 as you then reported liiin r Shak. Sleas.for Meai. 
 
 Fle'shpot. n. s. [Jlesh and pot.] A ves- 
 sel in which flesh is cooked ; thence 
 plenty of flesh. 
 
 If he takes away the Jleshpots, he can also alter 
 the appetite. Taylor s Rule Jar Living Hoty. 
 
 Fle'shquake. n. s. [Jlesh and quake.] A 
 tremor of the body ; a word formed by 
 Jonson in imitation of earthquake. 
 
 They may, blood-shaken then. 
 Feel such it Jlesltquake to possess their powers. 
 As they shall cry like ours : 
 In sound of peace or wars. 
 No harp e'er hit the stars. Ben Jonson s New Inr.^ 
 
 Fle'shy. adj. [from^esh.] 
 
 1. Plump ; full of flesh ; fat ; musculous. 
 
 All Ethiopes are Jeshy and plump, and have 
 great lips ; all which betoken moisture retained, 
 and not drawn out. Bacon. 
 
 We say it is ajieshy stile when there is much 
 periphrases and circuit of woids, and when witli 
 more than enough it grows fat and corpulent. 
 
 Ben Jimson. 
 
 The sole of his foot is flat and broad, being very 
 Jleshy, and covered only with a thick skin ; biit 
 very" fit to travel in san3y places. Ray. 
 
 2. Pulpous ; plump : with regard to fruits. 
 
 Those fruits that are so Jieshy, as they cannot 
 make drink by expression, yet may make drink 
 by mixture of water. Bacon. 
 
 Fletcher, n.s. [irora Jieche an arrow, 
 Fr.] \ manufacturer of bows and ar- 
 rows. 
 
 It is commended oy oar Jletchen for bows, next 
 unto yew. Mortimer*s Husbandry. 
 
 Flet. participle passive of Tojket. Skim- 
 med ; deprived of the cream. 
 
 They drink Jiet milk, which they just watm. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Flew. The preterite oi fly, not ofjke. 
 The people yi'ejf upon the spoil. 1 Sa. xiv. 3i?. 
 O'er the world ttf waters Hermes^rteir, 
 Till now the distant island rose in view. Pope's Od, 
 
 Flew. n.s. The large chaps of a deej)- 
 mouthed hound. Ilanmtr. 
 
 Fle'wed. adj. [from flew.] Chapped ; 
 mouthed. 
 
 My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind, 
 So/feic'ri, so sanded, and their heads are huii" 
 With ears that sweep away the morning dew. Snafc. 
 
 Flexa'nimous. adj. [ fitxanimus, Lat.] 
 Having power to change the disposition 
 of the mind. Diet. 
 
 That Jieianimous and golden-tongucd orator. 
 
 Him-el. 
 
 Flexibility, n. s. [Jieiibilite, Fr. from 
 ^.■.iiV'/<-.] 
 
 1. The quality of admitting to be bent ; 
 pliancy. 
 
 Do not the ravs which differ in refrangihiliiy 
 
 differ also in jlciiiility ? And are they not, by their 
 
 different inflections, separated from one another, 
 
 so as after separation to make the colours - Acirt. 
 
 Corpuscles of the same set agree in every thing; 
 
 ' but those that are of diverse kinds differ in specilick 
 
 731
 
 F L E 
 
 F L I 
 
 gravity, in hardness, and In flexibility, as in big 
 ness and figure. Woodward 
 
 2. Easiness to be persuaded ; ductility of 
 mind ; compliance ; facility. 
 
 Resolve rather to err b,v too much/e.iiWiifi/than 
 too much perverseness, by meekness lluin by seif- 
 Jove. " Hammond. 
 
 FLEXIBLE, adj. [Jlcxibilis, haX. flexible, 
 
 French.] 
 
 1 . Possible to be bent ; not brittle ; easy 
 to be bent ; pliant ; not stiff. 
 
 When splitting winds 
 Make flexible the knees of knotted oaks. Shahap. 
 Take a stock gillyflower, tie it upon a stick, put 
 Ihem both into a giass full of quicksilver, so that 
 the flower be covered : after four or five days you 
 will find the flower fresh, and the stalk liarder 
 and lessfleiible than it was. Bacon. 
 
 2. Not rigid ; not inexorable; complying ; 
 obsequious. 
 
 Phocyon was a man of great severity, and no 
 visiyfleiible to the will of the people. Boom. 
 
 3. Ductile ; manageable. 
 
 Under whose care soever a child is put to be 
 taught, during the tender and flexible years of his 
 life, it should be one who thinks Latin and lan- 
 guage the least part of education Locke. 
 
 4. That may be accommodated to various 
 forms and purposes. 
 
 Tliis was a principle more flexible to their pur- 
 pose. _ lUgers. 
 
 Fle'xibleness. n. s. [{tomflexible.] 
 
 1 . Possibility to be bent ; not brittleness ; 
 easiness to be bent ; not stiffness ; pliant- 
 ness ; pliancy. 
 
 I will rather chuse to wear a crown of thorns, 
 than to exchange that of gold for one of lead 
 whose embased/c.iiiifcness shall be forced to bend. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 Keep those slender acriel bodies separated and 
 stretched out, which otherwise, by reason of their 
 flexibleness and weight, would flag or curl. Boyle. 
 
 2. Facility ; obsequiousness ; compliance. 
 
 3. Ductility ; manageableness. 
 
 The flexibleness of the former part of a man's 
 age, not yet grown up to be headstrong, makes it 
 more governanie. Locke. 
 
 Flexile, adj. [flexilis, Lat.] Pliant; ea- 
 sily bent ; obsequious to any power or 
 impulse. 
 
 Every flexile wave 
 Obeys the blast, th' aeriel tuuiult swells. Thomson. 
 
 Fle'xion. 11. s. [flexio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of bending. 
 
 2. A double ; a bending ; part bent ; joint. 
 
 Of a sinuous pipe that may have some four 
 flexions, trial would be made. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 3. A turn towards any part or quarter. 
 
 Pity causetli sometimes tears, and n flexion or 
 ■cast (if the eye aside. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 FLEXOR, n. s. [Lat.] The general 
 name of the muscles which act in con 
 trading the joints. 
 
 riatterers, \\hu have thefleror muscles so strong 
 that they are always bowing and cringing, might 
 in some measure be corrected hy being lied down 
 upon a tree hy the back. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fle'xuous. adj. [flexnosus, Lat.] 
 1. Winding ; full of turns and meanders ; 
 tortuous. 
 
 In regard of the soul, thenumerous and crooked 
 narrow cianies, and the restrained ^enrnirs rivu- 
 lets of corpcireal things, are all contemptible. Digfci/. 
 
 ^.Bending; not straight; variable; not 
 
 ste;i<ly. 
 
 The irenihling of a candle discovers a wind, that 
 otlierwixe we did not feel; and the fleiuons burn- 
 ing t>i fl.iuies doth shew tjie air beginnetii to be 
 unquiel. Bacons Natural History. 
 
 Fle'xure. n. s. [flexnra, Lat.] 
 
 1. The form or tlirection in which any 
 thing is bent. 
 
 Contrary is the Hexure of the joints of our arms 
 and legs to that of quadrupeds : our knees bend 
 forward, whereas the same joint of their hind legs 
 bends backward. Ray. 
 
 2. The act of bending. 
 
 The elephant hath joints, but none for courtesy ; 
 His legs are for necessity, not flexure. Shakesp. 
 .". The part bent ; the joint. 
 
 Mis mighty strength lies in his able loins. 
 And where t\\e flexure of his navel joins. Sandys. 
 4. Obsequious or servile cringe. Not used. 
 Think'st tliou the fiery fever will go out 
 With titles blown from adulation ? 
 Will give place to flexure and low bends ? 
 
 Shakesji. Hen. V. 
 
 To Fli'cker. v. a. [fligheren, Dut. 
 phccepian, Sax.] To flutter ; to play 
 the wings ; to have a fluttering motion. 
 
 The wreath of radiant fire 
 Onflickering Phccbus' front. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Twas ebbing darkness, )jast the mid' of night, 
 And Phospher, on the confines of the light, 
 Promis'd the sun, ere day began to spring ; 
 The tuneful lark already stretch'd her wijig, 
 And flickering on her nest made short essays to 
 sing. Dryden. 
 
 At all her stretch her little wings she spread. 
 And with her fealher'd arms embrac'd the dead ; 
 Then_/ric/icrin» to his pallid lips, she strove 
 To print a kiss, the last essay of love. Dryden. 
 
 FLfER. U.S. [from ^3^.] 
 
 1 . One that runs away ; a fugitive ; a run- 
 away. 
 
 The gates are ope, now prove good seconds ; 
 'Tis for the followers fortune widens tliem. 
 Not for ibe fliers. Shak. Coriolanus. 
 
 Now the_/iiersfrom and forsakers of their places, 
 carry the parliamentary power along with them. 
 
 King Charles 
 
 2. That part of a machine which, by being 
 put into a more rapid motion than the 
 other parts, equalizes and regulates the 
 motion of the rest ; as in a jack. 
 
 The flier, tho't had leaden feet, 
 Turn'd so quick, you scarce could see't. Su^ift. 
 
 Fli'ght. 11. s. [fron:i Tofli/.] 
 
 1 .The act of flying or running from danger. 
 
 And now, too late, he wishes for tlic fight. 
 That strength he wasted in ignoble_/%/it./)cn/irim. 
 
 He thinks by flight his mistress must he won, 
 And claims the prize because he best did run. 
 
 Dryden. 
 As eager of the chace, the maid 
 Beyond the forest's verdant limits stray'd ; 
 Pan saw and lov'd, and, burning with desire, 
 Pursu'd \ieT flight ; her/ig/it increas'd hisfire.Pi);)e. 
 
 2. The act of using wings ; volation. 
 
 For he so swift and nimble was o(flightf 
 That from his lower tract he dar'd to liy 
 
 Up to the clouds, and thence with pinions light. 
 To mount aloft unto the crystal sky. Spenser. 
 
 The fury s|irang above tlie Stygian flood ;_ 
 And on her wicker wings, sublime through night. 
 She to the Latian palace took \\ki flight.Dryd./En. 
 
 Winds that tempests brew. 
 When throughArabian groves they take thm flight, 
 Made wanton with rich odours, lose their spite. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Removed from place to place by means 
 
 of wings. 
 
 Ere the bat hath flown 
 
 His cloyster'd^i^lit. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The fowls shall take their A>/il away together. 
 
 2 F.sd. V. C. 
 Fowls, by Winter forc'd, forsake the floods. 
 And wing their bast y flight to happier lands. Dri/d. 
 
 4. A flock of birds flying together. 
 
 Flights of angels wing thee to Illy rest. Shakesp. 
 
 They take great pride in llie feathers of birds, 
 
 and this they took from their ancestors of the 
 
 F L I 
 
 mountains, who were invited into it by the infi- 
 nite flights of birds that came up to the high 
 grounds. Bacon. 
 
 1 can at will, doubt not, 
 Command a table in this wilderness ; 
 And call sv/\h flights of angels ministrant, 
 Array'd in glory, on my cup t'attend. Milton. 
 
 5. The birds produced in the same season: 
 as, the harvest^("o./(/ of pigeons. 
 
 6. A volley ; a shower ; as mucli shot as is 
 discharged at once. 
 
 At the fust flight of arrows sent. 
 Full threescore Scots they slew. Chevy Chuce. 
 
 Above an hundred arrows discharged on my 
 left hand, pricked me like so many needles; and 
 besides they shot another flight into the air, as we 
 do bombs. Swiji. 
 
 7. The space past by flying. 
 
 8. Heat of imagination ; sally of the soul. 
 Old 'Piudiir'sflightshy him are reacht. 
 
 When on that gale his wings are itretcUl. Denham. 
 He shewed all the stretch of fancy at once; and 
 if he has failed in some of \nsflig)its, it was be- 
 cause he attempted every thing. Pope. 
 Strange graces still, and stranger^i^/its she had; 
 Was just not ugly, and was just not mad. Pope. 
 Trust me, dear! good humour can prevail. 
 When airs and flights, and screams and scolding 
 fail. Pope. 
 
 9. Excursion on the wing. 
 
 If there were any certain height where the 
 flights of ambition end, one might imagine that 
 the interests of France were but to conserve its 
 present greatness. Temple. 
 
 It is not only the utmost pitch of impiety, but 
 the highest flight of folly, to deride those things. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 10. The power of flying. 
 
 In ray school-days, when I had lost one shaft, 
 I shot his fellow of the self-same_/!!g'it 
 The self-same way. Shakerp. 
 
 Fli'ghtly. adj. [&omflight.] 
 
 1. Fleeting ; swift. 
 Time, thou anticipat'st my dread exploits : 
 
 The flighty purpose never is o'ertook. 
 
 Unless the deed go with it. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. Wild ; full of imagination. 
 Fli'msy, adj. [Of this word 1 know not 
 
 any original, and suspect it to have crept 
 into our language froin the cant of ma- 
 
 nufacturers.] 
 
 1. W'eak ; feeble ; without strength of tex- 
 ture. 
 
 2. Mean ; spiritless ; without force. 
 
 Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines. Pope. 
 
 To Flinch, v. n. [corrupted from fling. 
 Skinner.^ 
 
 1 . To shrink from any suffering or under- 
 taking ; to withdraw from any pain or 
 
 danger. 
 
 Every martyr could keep one eye steadily fixed 
 upon iminorta'lity, and look death and danger out 
 of countenance with the other ; nordid the^_//im-/i 
 from duty, for fear of martyrdom. South s Serm. 
 
 A child, by a constant course of kindness, may 
 be accustomed to bear very rough usage without 
 flinching or complaining. Locke. 
 
 Oh ingratitude, that" John Bull, whom 1 have 
 honoured with my friendship, 5huuld_/;i;ir/i at last, 
 and pretend that he can disburse no more money. 
 Arbuthnot's History of John Bull. 
 
 •2. In Shakespeare it signifies to fail. 
 If I break time, or flinch in property 
 Of what I spoke, unpitied let me die. Shaketp. 
 Fli'ncher. w. s. [from the verb.] He who 
 
 shrinks or fails in any matter. 
 To FLING, preter. flung ; part, fliing or 
 flong. V. a. [from fligo, Lat. .Skinner : 
 according to others horn flying; so to 
 fling is to set flying.] 
 1 . To cast from the hand ; to throw. 
 
 733
 
 F L I 
 
 The matrons flung tlieir gloves. 
 Ladies and maids their scarfs and handkerchiefs 
 Upon him. Shahesp. Coriolamis. 
 
 Tis fate tbiLt flings the dice ; and as she_/iiirigs, 
 Of kings makes peasanls, and of peasants kings. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. To dart ; to cast with violence. 
 
 How much unlike that Hector who return'd 
 Clad in Achilles' spoils ; when he, among 
 A thousand ships, like Jove, his lightning /?un^. 
 
 Venham. 
 
 3. To scatter. 
 
 Ev'rv beam new transient colours _^m^s. 
 Colours that change whene'er tliey wave their 
 wings. Pope. 
 
 4. To drive by violence. 
 
 A heap of rocks, falling, would expel the waters 
 out of their places with such a violence as to fling 
 them among the higlicat clouds. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 i>. To move forcibly. 
 
 The knight seeing his habitation reduced to so 
 small a compass, ordered all the apartments to 
 heflung open. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 6. I'o cast : in an ill sense. 
 
 I know thy gen'rous temper : 
 Fting but tlie appearance of dishonour on it, 
 It straight takes fire. Addison's Cato. 
 
 7. To force into another concJition, proba- 
 bly into a worse. 
 
 Squalid fortune, into baseness_^tfn^. 
 Doth scorn the pride of wonted ornaments Spenser, 
 
 8. To fling away. To eject ; to dismiss. 
 
 Cromwell, T charge thee, ^"i^ away ambition ; 
 By that sin fell the angels. Shakesp. 
 
 9. Tojiing dorvn. To demolish ; to ruin. 
 
 These are so far from raising mountains, that 
 they overturn znA fling down some of those which 
 were before standing. Woodward. 
 
 JO. To fling off. To baffle in the chace; 
 to defeat of a prey. 
 
 These men are too well acquainted with the 
 
 cbace to he flung offhy any false steps or doubles. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 To Fling, v. n. 
 
 1 . To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent 
 and irregular motions. 
 
 The angry beast 
 Began to kick, and fiin^, and wince. 
 As if h'had been beside his sense. Hudibras. 
 
 Their consciences are galled by it, and this 
 makes them wince and fling as if they had some 
 mettle. Tillotson. 
 
 2. To fling out. To grow unruly or out- 
 rageous: from the act of any angry 
 horse that throws out his legs. 
 
 Duncan's horses, 
 Turn'd wild in nature, broke their stalls, _^irag out, 
 Contending 'gainst obedience. Shakesp. 
 
 Fling, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . A throw ; a cast. 
 
 2. A gibe; asneer; a contemptuous remark. 
 
 No little scribbler is of wit so bare. 
 But has hissing at the poor wedded pair. Addison. 
 
 I, who love to have a fling 
 Both at senate-house and king, 
 Thought no method more commodious 
 Than to shew their vices odious. Swift. 
 
 Fli'nger. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 J . He who throws. 
 
 2. He who jeers. 
 FLINT, n. s. [plmt. Sax.] 
 
 1. A semi-pellucid stone, composed of crys- 
 tal debased, of a blackish grey, of one si- 
 milar and equal substance, free from 
 veins, and naturally invested with a 
 whitish crust. It is sometimes smooth 
 and equal, more frequently rough : its 
 size is various. It is well known to strike 
 fire with steel. It is useful in glass- 
 making. HiU on Fossils. 
 
 F L I 
 
 Searching the window for a flint, I found 
 
 This paper. Shakesp. Julius Catsar. 
 
 Love melts the rigour which the rocks have bred; 
 
 Aflint will break upon a featherbed. Cleavtlaml. 
 
 riiere is the same force and the same refreshing 
 
 virtue in fire kindled by a spark from a flint, as if 
 
 it were kindled by a beam from the sun. .'youth's Ser. 
 
 Take this, and" lay your_//inl-edgcd weapon by. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 I'll fetch quick fuel from the neighb'ring wood, 
 
 And strike the sparkling ^int, and dress the food. 
 
 Prior. 
 2.Any thing eminently or proverbially hard. 
 Your tears, a iieart of flint 
 Might tender make. Spenser. 
 
 Throw my heart 
 Against i\\e flint and'hardness of my faull.SAatesp. 
 
 Fli'nty. adj. [from^inf.] 
 
 1. Made of flint ; strong. 
 
 Tyrant custom 
 Hath made the_/iinti/ and steel couch of war 
 ]\Iy thrice-driven bed of down. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 A pnintedyiinty rock, all bare and black. 
 Grew gibbous from behind the mountain's back. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Full of stones. 
 
 The gathering up of flints 'm flinty ground, and 
 laying them on heaps, is no good husbandry. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. Hard of heart ; cruel ; savage ; inexorable. 
 
 Gratitude, 
 Through/inti/ Tartar's bosom, would peep forth. 
 And answer thanks. Shakesp. 
 
 Flipp. n. s. [A cant word.] A liquor much 
 used in ships, made by mixing beer with 
 spirits and sugar. 
 
 The tarpawlin and swabber is lolling at Mada- 
 gascar, with some drunken sunburnt whore, over 
 a can oi flip. Dennis. 
 
 Fli'ppant. adj. [A word of no great au- 
 thority, probably derived frova flip-flap.'] 
 
 1 . Nimble ; moveable. It is used only of 
 the act of speech. 
 
 An excellent anatomist promised to dissect a 
 woman's tongue, and exaranie whether there may 
 not be in it certain juices, which render it so won- 
 derfully voluble or flippant. Addison. 
 
 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish. 
 
 Away with flippant epWogues. Thomson. 
 
 Fli'ppantly. adv. [from the adjective.] 
 In a flowing prating way. 
 
 To FLIRT, v.a, [Skinner thinks it form- 
 ed from the sound.] 
 
 1. To throw any thing with a quick elas- 
 tick motion. 
 
 Dick the scavenger 
 Flirts from his cart the nmd in WalpoIe'sface.Suii/i. 
 
 2. To move with quickness. 
 
 Permit some happier man 
 To kiss your hand, or _//irt your fan. Dorset. 
 
 To Flirt, v. n. 
 
 1. To jeer ; to gibe at one. 
 
 2. To rim about perpetually; to be un- 
 steady and fluttering. 
 
 Flirt, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A quick elastick motion. 
 
 In unfurling the fan are several little flirts and 
 
 vibrations, as also gradual and deliberate openings. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Before you pass th' imaginary sights, 
 While the spread fan o'erbhades your closing eyes, 
 Then give one flirt, and all the vision flies. ~ Pope. 
 
 2. A sudden trick. 
 
 Have licence to play, 
 At the hedge a/ii(. 
 For a sheet or a shirt. Ben Sanson's Gypsies. 
 
 3. A pert young hussey. 
 
 Scurvy iinave, I am none of his_^ir( gills ; I am 
 none of his skains mates. Shakesp. 
 
 Several young flirts about town had a design to 
 cast us out of the fashionable world. Addison. 
 
 FLO 
 
 Flirta'tion. n. s. [from_^i)-<.] A quick 
 sprightly motion. A cant word among 
 women. 
 
 A muslin flounce, made very full, would give a 
 verv agreeable^trtation air. Pope. 
 
 To Flit. v. n. [from To fleet ; or from 
 flitter, Dan. to remove.] 
 
 1 . To fly away. 
 
 Likest, it seemeth, in my simple wit. 
 Unto the fair sunshine in Summer's day. 
 That when a dreadful storm away is fii't, 
 Through the broad world doth spread his eoodly 
 ray. Spenser. 
 
 2. To remove ; to migrate. In Scotland it is 
 still used for removing from one place to 
 another at quarterday, or the usual term. 
 
 His grudging ghost did strive 
 With the frail flesh ; at last it flilled is. 
 Whither the souls do die of men that live amiss. 
 
 Fairy Qiuen. 
 
 So hardly he the /lifted life does win. 
 
 Unto her native prison to return. Fairy Queen. 
 
 It became a received opinion, that the souls of 
 
 men, departing this life, did /lit out of one body 
 
 into some other. Hooker, 
 
 3. To flutter ; to rove on the wing. 
 
 lie made a glancing shot, and miss'd the dove ; 
 Yet miss'd so narrow, that he cut the cord 
 Which fasten'd, by the foot, the flitting bird. 
 
 Dr\]den's iEn. 
 
 Fear the just gods, and think of Scylla's fate ! 
 Chang'd to a bird, and sent to^jt in air. Pope, 
 
 4. To be flux or unstable. 
 
 Himself upbigh he lifted from the ground. 
 And with strong flight did forcibly divide 
 The yielding air, wnich nigh too feeble found 
 Her ^ittirt^ parts, and element unsound. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 He stopt at once the passage of his wind, 
 And the free soul to flitting air resign'd. Dryden. 
 
 Flit. adj. [from fleet.] Swift ; nimble ; 
 quick. Not in use. 
 
 And in his hand two darts exceeding_/?it. 
 And deadly' sharp, he held ; whose heads were diglit 
 In poison and in blood, of malice and despight. 
 
 Fairy Q, 
 
 Flitch, n. s. [plicce. Sax. flycke, Dan. 
 fleche, floche, Fr. Skinner.] The side 
 of a hog salted and cured. 
 
 But heretofore 'twas thought a sumptuous feast. 
 On birthdays, festivals, or days of state, 
 A salt dry flitch of bacon to prepare ; 
 If they had fresh meat, 'twas delicious fare. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 While he from out the chimney took 
 A flitch of bacon off the hook. 
 Cut out large slices to be frj'd. Su'U't, 
 
 He si.metimes accompanies the present with a 
 flitch of bacon. Addis.'H. 
 
 Fli'ttermouse. n. s. [respertilio ; from 
 
 flit and mouse.] The bat ; the winged 
 
 mouse. 
 Fli'tting. n. s. [plre. Sax. scandal.] An 
 
 offence ; a fault ; a failure ; a desert. 
 Thou tellest niv_//itt!tigs, put ray tears in 'o thy 
 
 bottle. " ' Psalm's, 
 
 Flix. n. s. [corrupted from_^<7.r.] Down; 
 fur ; .soft hair. 
 
 With bis loll'd tongue he faintly licks his prey ; 
 His warm breath blows \ieT flix upas she lies: 
 
 She trembling creeps upon the ground away. 
 And looks back to him with beseeching eyes. 
 
 'Dryden. 
 
 Fli'x\\ ooD. n. s. A plant. 
 
 To FLOAT. 1'. n. [flotter, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To swim on the surface of the water. 
 
 When ihc sea was calm, all boats alike 
 Shew'd mastership \t\floating. Shakesp, 
 
 The ark no more now floats, but seems on 
 ground, 
 Fast on tlie top of some high mountain fix'd. 
 
 * Jfi/ten. 
 
 733
 
 FLO 
 
 That men, being drowned and sunk, 60 Jioat 
 ifce ninth day. when their gall breaketh, are po- 
 pular affirmations. Brown. 
 Three bkist'ring nights, born b^- the southern 
 blast, 
 IJionted ; and dlscuver'd land at last. Dryden. 
 
 His rosy wreath was dropt not long before, 
 Burn hy the tide of wine,and^/f(W(i7?^ on the tloor. 
 
 Dry den. 
 On frothy billows thousands yfoaf the stream. 
 In cumb'rous mail. Philips. 
 
 Carp are very apt tojioat awaj' with fresh water. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. To move without labour in a fluid. 
 
 W hat divine monsters, O ve gods, w ere th<',c 
 'Ihat ^oat in air, and t\\ upon the seas ! Druden. 
 
 Swift they descend, with wing to wingconjoinM, 
 
 Stretch their broad phnues, and Jioat upon the 
 
 wind. Pope. 
 
 3. To pass with a light irregular course: 
 perhaps mistaken for Jieet or Jiet. 
 
 Floating visiuns make not deep impressions 
 enough tu leave in the mind clear, distinct, lasting 
 ideas. Locke. 
 
 To Float, v. a. To cover with water. 
 
 Proud Pactolus^^oafs the fruitful lands, 
 And leaves a rich manure of golden sands. 
 
 Dri)den*s Mn. 
 
 \enice looks, at a distance, like a great town 
 
 half floated by a deluge. Addisoii on Italy. 
 
 Now snioaks with bhow'rs the misty raountain- 
 
 grounfl, 
 
 And fioated fields lie undistingnish'd round. P(rpe. 
 
 The vast parterres a thousand hands shall make : 
 
 Lo ! Cobhain comes, andy^oais them with aiake. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Float, n. s, [from the verb.] 
 3. The act of flowing ; the flux ; the con- 
 trary to the ebb. A sense now out of use. 
 
 Our trust in the Almighty is, that with us con- 
 tentions are now at their highesty^oat. Hooker. 
 
 There is some disposition of bodies to rotation, 
 particularly from East to West ; of which kind we 
 conceive the inn'in Jioat and refloat of the sea is, 
 which is by consent of the universe, as part of the 
 diurnal rotation. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 5. Any body so contrived or formed as to 
 swim upon the water. 
 
 Thev took it for a ship, and, as it came nearer, 
 for a boat ; but it proved a Jioat of weeds and 
 rushes. L'Estrange. 
 
 A passage for the weary people make ; 
 With osier_/?oat5 the standing water strow. 
 Of massy stones make bridges, if it flow , Dryden. 
 
 3. The cork or quill by wliich the angler 
 
 _ discovers the bite of a fish. 
 
 ^ You will find this to be a very choice bait, some- 
 times ca&tiui^ a little of it into the place where 
 y OUT float swims. Walton. 
 
 4. A cant word for a level. 
 
 Banks are measured by the Jioat or floor, which 
 is eighteen foot square and one deep. Mortimer. 
 
 Flo'aty. adj. Buoyant and swimming 
 on the surface. 
 
 The hindrance to stay well is the extreme length 
 of a ship, especially if she be floaty, and want 
 sharpness of way forwards. " Raleio^h. 
 
 FLOCK. 71. s. [plocc, Sax.] 
 
 1. A company ; usually a company of birds 
 or beasts. 
 
 She that Iiath a heart of t!iat fine frame, 
 To pay this debt of love hut to a brother, 
 How will she love when the rich golden shaft 
 Hath kill'd the Jlock of all alTections else 
 That live in her. Shakesp. Twelfth Kight. 
 
 2. A company of sheep, distinguished from 
 herds, which are of oxen. 
 
 The cattle in the fields, and meadows green. 
 Those rare and solitary ; these mtioch 
 Pasturing at once, and in broad herds upsprune. 
 
 aliUon. 
 
 FLO 
 
 France has a sheep bv her, to shew tliat the 
 riches of the country consfsted chiefly in^oc^ and 
 pasturage. Addison. 
 
 S, A body of men. 
 
 The heathen tliat had fled out of Jndea came to 
 Nicanor by flocks. 2 Mac. xiv. 14. 
 
 4-. [From Jioccus,] A lock of wool. 
 
 A house weli-furiiish'd shall be thine to keep ; 
 And, for ajiock bed, I can sheer my sheep. Dri/rfen. 
 
 To Flock. t\ n. [from the noun.] To 
 gather in crowds or large numbers. 
 
 Many young; gcnlhmen Jiock to him every da^', 
 and fleet the time carelessly. Shakes]). 
 
 Upon the return of tlie ambassadors, the poor 
 of all sorts Jioched together to the {^reat master's 
 house. Knollcs's History. 
 
 Otliers ran flocking out of their houses to the 
 general supplication. 2 Mac. iii. 18. 
 
 Stilpo, when the people ^ocfced about him, and 
 that one said, The people come wondering about 
 you, as if it were to see some strange beast. No, 
 saith he, it is to see a man which Diogenes sought 
 with his lanttiorn at noon-day. Bacon. 
 
 Seeing the spirits swellincr ihe nerves cause ihc 
 arm's motion, upon its resistance they Jlock from 
 other parts of the body to overcome it. Digby. 
 
 The wits of the town came thitlier ; 
 'Twas strange to see how they Jlock'd together ; 
 Each strongly confident of his own way. 
 Thought to gain the laurel that day. Suckling. 
 
 Friends daily ^nc/c. Dry-ien'sjEn. 
 
 The Trojan youth about the captivey^c/c, 
 Tf> wonder, or to pity, or to mock. Denham. 
 
 People do not jlock to courts so mucli for their 
 majesties service, as for making their fortunes. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 To Flog. v. a. [from flagTiim, Lat.] To 
 lash ; to whip ; to chastise. 
 
 Tlie schoolmaster's joy is to Jiog. SwiJ't. 
 
 Flong. particip. passive, from To fling, 
 
 used by Spenser. 
 FLOOD, n. s. [plob, Sax, flat, Fr.] 
 
 1. A body of water ; the sea; a river. 
 
 What need the bridge much broader than the 
 
 Jiood? Shakesp. 
 
 His dominion shall be also from tlie one sea to 
 
 the other, and from the Jlood unto the world's end. 
 
 Psalm Ixxii. 8. 
 Or thence from S'lgcr Jlood unto Atlas mount. 
 The kingdoms of Almanzor, Fez, and Suz. Milt. 
 
 All-dwellings else 
 Flood overwhelm'd, and them with all tlieir pomp 
 Deep under water roU'd ; sea cover'd sea. 
 Sea without shore. Milton s Par Lost. 
 
 Arcadia's flow'ry plains and \i\ezs'mgjioods. 
 
 Drydens Virgil. 
 
 2. A deluge ; an inundation. 
 
 You see this confluence ; this great Jiood of vi- 
 siters. Shakesp, 
 
 By sudden Jioods, and fall of waters, 
 Buckingham's army is dispers'd and scatter'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 3. Flow ; flux ; not ebb ; not reflux ; the 
 swelling of a river by rain or inland 
 flood. 
 
 We seek to know tlie moving of each sphere. 
 And tlie strange cause 0' th' ebbs and Jioods of 
 Nile. Davies. 
 
 4. The general deluge. 
 
 When went there by an age, since the great 
 
 But it was ifam'd w Ith more than with one man ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 It is commonly opinioned that the earth was 
 
 thinly inhabited fji'fore ihejiood. Broivn. 
 
 5. Catamenia . 
 
 Those that have the good fortune of miscarrying, 
 
 or being delivered, escape by means of thch Jioods, 
 
 revelling the humuvirs from their lungs. Harveij. 
 
 To Flood, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 deluge ; to cover with waters. 
 
 Where meadows are fioodt:d late in Spring, roll 
 them with a large barley-roller. Mortimer. 
 
 FLO 
 
 Floodgate.m.*. [flood and gate.] Gate 
 or shutter by which the ■watercourse is 
 closed or opened at pleasure. 
 
 As if the opening" of her mouth had opened 
 some yreat floodgate of sorrow, whereof her heart 
 could not abide the violent issue, she sunk to the 
 ground. Stdne\f. 
 
 Vet there the steel staid not ; but inly bate 
 Deep in hh Jiesk, and opened wide a red floodgate. 
 
 Sjjenser. 
 
 His youth, and want of experience in maritime 
 service, liad somewhat been shrewdly touche<l, 
 even before the sluices and Jioodgates of popular 
 liberty were yet set open. Wottmi. 
 
 The rain descended for forty davs, the cataracts 
 oTjioodgates of heaven being opened. Burjiet. 
 
 Floor, n. s. [ pf/vg a plow. Germ.] 
 
 1. The broad part of the anchor which 
 takes hold of the ground. 
 
 2. A flounder ; a flat river fish. 
 FLOOR, n. «. [plop, plope. Sax.] 
 
 1. The pavement : a pavement is always 
 of stone, the floor of wood or stone ; the 
 part on which one treads. 
 
 His stepmother, making ull her gestures coun- 
 terfeit afhiction, lay almost groveling upon thejii^or 
 of her chamber. Sidney. 
 
 He rent that iron door 
 Where entered in, his foot could find nojioor. 
 But all R deep descent us dark as hell, Fairt/ Q. 
 
 Look now the Jioor of heav'n 
 Is thick inlay'd with patens of bright gold : 
 There's not the smallest orb which thou behold'st. 
 But in his motion like an ancel sings, 
 Still quiring to the young ey d cherubins. Shakesp. 
 
 The ground lay strewed with pikes so thick as a 
 Jloor is usually strewed witli rashes. Huijifard. 
 
 He winnoweth barley to-night in the threshing 
 floor. Ruth. 
 
 2. A story ; a flight of rooms. 
 
 He that building stays at one 
 Floor, or the second, hath erected none. Jouson. 
 
 To Floor, v. a. [from the noun.] To co- 
 ver the bottom with a floor. 
 Hewn stone and timber tu Jloor the houses. 
 
 2 Chroii. xxxir. 
 
 Flo'oring. «. s. [from_^oor.] Bottom; 
 pavement. 
 
 Thejiooring is a kind of red plaister made of 
 brick, ground to powder, and afterwards worked 
 into mortar. Addison. 
 
 To Flop. V. a. [f^rom Jlap.] To clap the 
 wings with noise ; to play with any noisy 
 motion of a broad body. 
 
 A blackbird was frighted almost to death with a 
 huge^c'/j^iing kite that she saw over her head. 
 
 UEstrange. 
 
 Flo'rau adj. [floralis, Lat.] Relating to 
 Flora, or to flowers. 
 
 Let one great day 
 To celebrated sports zwifioral play 
 Be set aside. Prirr. 
 
 Flo'rence. n. s. [from the city Florence.] 
 A kind of cloth. Diet. 
 
 Flo'ren. w. s. [So named, says Camden, 
 because made by Florentines.] A gold 
 coin of Edward HI. in value six shillings. 
 
 Flo'ret. n. s. [Jieurette, Fr.] A small im- 
 perfect flower. 
 
 FLORID, adj. [Jloridus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Productive of flowers ; covered with 
 flowers. 
 
 2. Bright in colour ; flushed with red. 
 
 Our beauty is in colour inferiour to many flow- 
 ers ; and when it is mnst^orirf and gay, three fits 
 of an ague can change it into yellowness and lean- 
 ness. Taulor's'Rute of' Living Holy. 
 
 Tlie qualities of blood in a healthy slate are to 
 he florid, when let out of tlie vessel, the red part 
 congealing strongly aud ioou. Arbuthnot.
 
 FLO 
 
 3. Embellished ; splendid ; brilliant 'with 
 decorations. 
 
 'L'he Jiorid, elevated, and figurative wav is for 
 the passions ; for love and hatred, fear ani anger, 
 are begotien in tlie soul, by shewing their objects 
 out of their true proportion. Drydeu. 
 
 How did, I>ray, tlie florid 3'outh offend, 
 \Vhose speecu you took, and gave it to a friend ? 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Floridity. n. s. [from Jiorid.] Fresh- 
 ness of colour. 
 
 Tliere is a Jioridity in the face fr^ra tlie good di- 
 gestion of the red part of tlie blood. Floycr. 
 
 Flo'ridness. n. s. \ixoxa Jiorid.'] 
 
 1. Freshness of colour. 
 
 2. Embellishment; ambitious elegance. 
 
 Tlioiisih a pliilnsopher need not delight readers 
 with hUHoruLnt'Ss, yet he may take a care that lie 
 di>gust tticra not by iiainess. Boyle. 
 
 Flori'ferocs. adj. [_/7or(/er, Lat.] Pro- 
 diittive of flowers. 
 
 FLO'RIX. ti.s. [Fr.] A coin first made by 
 tlie Florentines. That of Germany is in 
 value is. id. that of Spain 4«. 4d. half- 
 penn}- ; thatof Palenno and Sicily 2s. 6d. 
 that of Holland 2^;. 
 
 In tlie Iiiiiierial clianiber the proctors have half 
 a florin taxed and aliiiwed tliem for every substan- 
 tial recess. Aylijf'e. 
 
 Florist, n. s. [Jieuriste, Fr.] A culti- 
 vator of flowers. 
 Some botanists or Jiorists at the least. Vunciad. 
 And while they break 
 On the ch;irrn*i) e_ye,*^th* exulting^^orist marks 
 \Villi secret pride the wonders of bis hand. Thorn. 
 
 Flo'rulent. adj. [Jioris, Lat.] Flowery ; 
 
 hlossoming. 
 Flo's c u LO L" s. f/rf/. [Jiosnihis, Lat.] Com- 
 posed of flowers ; having the nature or 
 form of flowers. 
 
 The outward part is a thick and camous cover- 
 i.-ig, and the sccomi a dry andyfosruloiK coat. 
 
 Urou'n. 
 
 To Flote. v. a. [See ToJIeet.] To skim. 
 Such cheeses, good Cisley, yejioted too nigh. 
 
 Tusser. 
 Flo'tson. n.s. [from Jiote.] Goods that 
 
 swim without an owner on the sea. 
 TLo'TTEti. part, [from Jiofe.] Skimmed. 
 
 Skinntr. 
 To FLOUN'CE. v. n. [plonsen, Dut. to 
 plung-c.j 
 
 1. To move with violence in the water or 
 mire ; lo struggle or dash in the water. 
 
 With his broad fins arid furky tail he laves 
 The rising surge, and_/i<jiincei in the waves. 
 
 Addison's Ovid. 
 
 2. To move with weight and tumult. 
 
 Six tlouncing Flanders mares 
 -\re e'en as good as any two of theirs. PW»?r. 
 
 3. To move with passionate agitation. 
 
 When I'm duller than a post. 
 Nor can the plainest word pronounce. 
 You neither fume, nor fret, injrjiounce. Swift. 
 
 To Flounce, v. a. To deck with flounces. 
 
 She was Jiounced and furbelowed from head to 
 foot ; every ribbon was crinkled, and every part 
 of her garments in curl. Addison. 
 
 They have got into the fashion of flouncing the 
 petticoat so ^"ery deep, that it looks like an entire 
 coat of lutestring. Pope. 
 
 Flounce, n. s. [from the verb.] .\ny 
 thing sewed to the garment, and hang- 
 ing loose, so as to swell and shake. 
 
 Nay, oft in dreams invention we bestow. 
 To change aflomtce, or add a furbelow. Pope. 
 
 A muslin /(aunce, made very full, would be 
 Tery agreeable. Pope. 
 
 FLO 
 
 Flounder, ti.s. [flynder, Dan. fluke ^ 
 Scott.] The name of a small flat fish. 
 
 Like the fhundcr, out of tbe frjing-pan into 
 the fire. Carnd. 
 
 Fhunders will both thrive and breed in any 
 pond. Mortimer. 
 
 roFLO'UNDER. V. n. [^om Jiouncc] To 
 struggle with violent and irregular mo- 
 tions ; as a horse in the mire. 
 
 Down goes at once the horseman and the horse ; 
 That courser stumbles on the fallen steed, 
 And Jiound'rin§ throws the rider o'er his head. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The more infurm'd, the less be understood. 
 And deeper sunk hyjiound'riiig in the mad. Dryd. 
 
 He plung'd for sense, but found no bottom there; 
 Then writ "and _//ou/uier'(Z on in mere despair. i'i)/)e. 
 
 To FLOURISH, v. n. [flono, Jlonsco, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To be in vigour ; not to fade. 
 
 The righteous shsW Jimirish like the palm-tree. 
 
 Fs. xcii 
 \Vherc'eryoa tread, the blushing flow'rs shall 
 rise, 
 And all things ^owris/t wliere you turn your eyes. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To be in a prosperous state. 
 
 If I could find example 
 Of thousand^, that liad struck anointed kings. 
 And Jionrish'd after t I'dnotdo't: but since 
 ISor brass, nor stone, nur parchment, bears not one. 
 Let villany itself forswear't. Shakesp. 
 
 Harry, that prophesied thou shouhl'st be king, 
 Doth comfort thee in sleep ; live thou andjiourish. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He was the patron of nij manhood, wlien I 
 Jlourished in the opinion of the world, thougli with 
 small advantage to my fortune. Druden. 
 
 Bad men as frequently prosper and_/ifotins/r, and 
 that by the means of their wickedness. Kdson. 
 
 3. To use florid language ; to speak with 
 ambitious copiousness and elegance. 
 
 Whilst Cicero acts the part of a rhetorician, he 
 dilates end _/?our(5?i«, ana gives example instead 
 of rule. Baker. 
 
 They dilate sometimes, t\nd Jioitrish long upon 
 lit le incidents, and they skip over and but lightly 
 touch the drier part of their theme. IVatts's Log. 
 
 4. To describe various figures by intersect- 
 ing lines ; to play in wanton and irregu- 
 lar motions. 
 
 Impetuous spread 
 The stream, and smoaking,j?oMris/i"(l o'er his head. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. To boast ; to brag. 
 
 6. [In musick.] To play some prelude 
 without any settled rule. 
 
 To Flo'urish. r. fl. 
 
 1. To adorn with vegetable beauty. 
 
 With shadowy verdure fiourisk'd high, 
 A sutlden youth the groves enjoy. Fciiton. 
 
 2. To adorn with figures of needle-work, 
 
 3. To work with a needle into figures. 
 
 All that I shall say will be but like bottoms of 
 thread close wound up, which, with a good needle, 
 perhaps may he Jlourished into large works. 
 
 Bacon's \\'ar icith Spain. 
 
 4. To move any thing in quick circles or 
 vibrations by way of show or triumpli. 
 
 And all the powers of hell in full applause 
 Flourished tlieir snakes, and toss'd their flaming 
 b ran d s . Crasha tv . 
 
 Against the post their wicker shields they crush. 
 Ftonrish the sword, and at the plastron push. 
 
 Dryden's Jiii. 
 
 5. To adorn with embellishments of lan- 
 guage ; to grace with eloquence ostenta- 
 tiously diffusive. 
 
 The labours of Hercules, though^ourisftfif with 
 much fabulous matter ; yet notably set forth the 
 
 FLO 
 
 consent of all nations and ages in the approbation 
 of the extirpating and debellating giants, monsters 
 and tyrants. Bacon. 
 
 As they are likely to over-Jionrish their own case, 
 so their tiaitery is nardest to be discovered. CoWier. 
 
 6. To adorn ; to embellish ; to grace, 
 'lo bring yi,u thus Vjgether, 'tis no sin 
 Silli that tbe justice lT your title to faim 
 Doth flourish the deceit. Shakesp. 
 
 Flo'urish. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Bravery ; beauty ; ambitious splendour. 
 
 I call'd thee then vzin flourish <if niv fortune, 
 1 call'd thee then poor shadow, painted queen. 
 The presentation of but what 1 was. Shakesp. 
 
 The flourish of his sober youth. 
 Was the pride of naked truth. Crashau". 
 
 2. An ostentatious embellishment; ambi- 
 tious Copiousness ; far-fetched elegance. 
 
 TW]sh !L flourish: there follow excellent para- 
 Wt^s. Bacon. 
 
 We can e.xcuse the duty of our kiiowledge, if 
 we only bestow the flonrisK of poetry iliereon, or 
 those commendatory conceits which popularly set 
 forth the eminence of Ibis creature. Bri>ir7i. 
 
 The apprehension is so deeply rivetted into ray 
 mind, that such rhetorical flourishes cannot at all 
 loosen or brush it out. More. 
 
 Villanics have not the same countenance, when 
 there are great interests, plausible colours, and 
 flourishes of wit and rhetorick interposed between 
 the sight and the object. L'Kstrange. 
 
 The so much repeated ornament and flourish of 
 
 their former spicches was commonly the truest 
 
 Word they spoke, though least believed bv them. 
 
 South's Sermons. 
 
 Studious to please the genius of the times. 
 With periods, points, and tropes he slurs his 
 
 crimes ; 
 He lards w ith^oiiris/ics liis long harangue ; 
 ''I'is fine, say St thou; what, to be prais'd and 
 hang .' Dryden. 
 
 3. Figures formed by lines curiously or 
 wantonly drawn. 
 
 A child with delight looks upon emblems finely 
 drawn and painted, and takes some pleasure in 
 beholding the neat characters and flourishes of a 
 bible curiously printed, Boijle. 
 
 They were intended only for ludicrous orna- 
 ments of nature, like the flourishes about a great 
 letter that signify nothing, but are made only to 
 delight the e^-e. ' More against Atheism^ 
 
 Flo'urisher. n. s. [from Jlourish.] One 
 
 that is in prime or in prosperity. 
 
 They count him of the green-hair'd eld, they 
 
 may, or iii his fiow'r ; 
 
 For not our greatest flourisher can equal hira in 
 
 pow'r. Chapman. 
 
 To FI out. i: a. [Jluytcn, Dut. Jloutce, 
 Frj ick.] To mock ; to insult ; to treat 
 with mockery and contempt. 
 
 You n\\\si flout my insulficiency. Shakesp. 
 
 The Norweyau hainiers f.out tfie sky. 
 And fan our [leople cold. Shakesp. Macheih. 
 
 He niock'd us when he begg'd our voices ; 
 Certainly he flouted us downright. Shak. 
 
 She railed at her, that she should be so immo- 
 dest to write to one she knew would^'mif her.SAait. 
 
 Philliria ^rali me. II aiton't Angler. 
 
 To Flovt. r. n. To practise mockery ; to 
 behave with contempt ; to sneer. 
 
 I'houph nature hath given us wit to flout at for- 
 tune, hath not fortune sent in this fool to cut off 
 this argument ? Shakesp. 
 
 \\ ith talents well cndu'd 
 To be scurrilous and rude ; 
 ^^"hcn you jiertly rai>e your snout. 
 Fleer and gibe, and laugh and /?out. Suifi. 
 
 Floi-t. n. s. [from the verb.] A mock ' 
 
 an insult ; a word or act of contempt. 
 
 He would ask of thi>>e that had been at the 
 other's table. Tell truly, was there never a flout 
 or dry blow given r ' Bacon. 
 
 735
 
 Hudibras. 
 
 FLO 
 
 She opened it, and read it out. 
 With many a smile and leering/out. 
 
 Their doors are barr'd against a bitter ^/oiil ; 
 Snarl, if you please; but you shall snarl wilhunt. 
 
 Dritdcii. 
 
 How many flouts and jeers must I expose my- 
 self to by tills repentance? How shall I answer 
 such an old acquaintance when he invites ine to 
 an intemperate cup? Calamy's Sermons. 
 
 Flo'uter. 71. s. [from flout.'] One who 
 
 jeers. 
 To FLOW. 1'. n. [plopan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To run or spread as water. 
 
 The Eod am I, whose yellow water /?ciirt 
 Around these fields, and fattens as it goes. Drjyden. 
 
 Fields of light and liquid ether ^oii', 
 Purg'd from the pond'rous dregs of earth below. 
 
 Vrxiden. 
 
 Endless tears^mu down in streams. Smj't. 
 
 2. To run: opposed to standing waters. 
 
 With osier floats the standing water strow ; 
 Of massy stones make bridges, if \lflMO. Dryden. 
 
 ,1. To rise ; not to ebb. 
 
 This river hath thrice/oui'd, no ebb between. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. To melt. 
 
 Oh that thou would'st rent the heavens, that 
 the mountains might flow down at thy presence. 
 
 Is. I.kIv. 1 
 
 5. To proceed ; to issue. 
 
 I'll use that tongue I have : if wlt^oiufrom't, 
 f shall do good. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 The knowledge drawn from experience is quite 
 of another kind from that which flows from specu- 
 lation or discourse. South. 
 
 6. To glide smoothly without asperity : as, 
 afloiving period. 
 
 This discourse of Cyprian, and the flowers of 
 thetorick in it, shew him to have been of a great 
 wit and flowing eloquence. Hahewill on Providence. 
 
 7. To write smoothly ; to speak volubly. 
 
 Virgil is sweet and flowing in his hexameters. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Did sweeter sounds adorn my flowing tongue 
 Than ever man pronounc'd, or angels sung. Prior. 
 
 8. To abound ; to be crowded. 
 
 The dry streets/toii''d with men. Chapman. 
 
 Q. To be copious ; to be full. 
 
 Then shall our names 
 Be in their ^//ouiing cups freshly remember'd. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. V, 
 There every eye with slumb'rous chains she 
 bound, 
 And dash'd t.he flowing goblet to the ground. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 10. To hang loose and waving. 
 
 He was cloathed in a flowing mantle of green 
 silk, interwoven with flowers. Spectator. 
 
 To Flow. v. a. To overflow ; to deluge. 
 Watering hops is scarce practicable, unless you 
 have a stream at hand to flow the ground. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Flow. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . The rise of water ; not the ebb. 
 
 Some, from the diurnal and annual motion of 
 •he earth, endeavour to solve the flows and mo- 
 tions of these seas, illustrating the same by water 
 in a bowl, that rises or falls according to the mo- 
 tion of the vessel. Brown's Ku/". En: 
 
 The ebb of tides, and their mysterious^/ioii'. 
 We as art's elements shall understand. Dryden. 
 
 2. A sudden plenty or abundance. 
 
 The noble power of suffering bravely is as far 
 above that of enterprising greatly, as an unble^ 
 
 mished conscience and inflexible resolution are 
 above an accidental ^ou) of spirits, or a sudden 
 tide of blood. Pope. 
 
 3. A stream of diction ; volubility of 
 tongue. 
 
 FLO 
 
 Teaching is not a flow of words, nor the drain- 
 ing of an nourglass ■, but an cH'cctual procuring 
 that a man know soiuelhing which he knew nut 
 before, or to know it better. Houth. 
 
 FLOWER. 71. s. [fltur, Fr. flos, flores, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. The part of a plant which contains the 
 
 seeds. 
 
 Such are reckoned perfect flowers which have 
 petala, a stamen, apex and stylus ; and whatever 
 flower wants either of these is reckoned imperfect. 
 Perfect _/ioa'ers are divided into simple ones, which 
 are not composed of other smaller, and which 
 usually have hut one single style ; and compound- 
 ed, which consist of many flosculi, all making but 
 vne flower. Simple /?i)u'ers are monopetalous, which 
 have the body of the flower all of one entire leaf, 
 tliough sometimes cut or divided a little way into 
 many seeming petala, or leaves ; as in borage, bu- 
 gloss : orpolvpetalous, which have distinct petala, 
 and those falling off singly, and not altogether, 
 as the seeming petala of monoiietahms^oii'ers al- 
 ways do ; but those are further divided into uni- 
 form and ditform /(oirers: the former have their 
 right and left hand parts, and the forward and 
 backward par'ts all alike ; but the dilTorm have no 
 such regularity, as in ihe flowers of sage and dead- 
 nettle. A monopctalous iWH'orm flower is likewise 
 further divided into, first, semi-fistular, whose 
 upper part resembles a pipe cut off obliquely, as 
 in the arilostochia : 2d, labiate ; and this either 
 with oneliponly,asintheacanthum and scordium, 
 or with two lips, as in the far greater part of the 
 labiate_/7ou'ers; and here the upper lip is some- 
 times turned upwards, and so turns the convex 
 part downwards, as in the chamaicissus ; but most 
 commonly the upper lip is convex above, and 
 turns the hollow part down to its fellow below, 
 and represents a kind of helmet, or monkshood ; 
 and from thence these are freriuently called gal- 
 Icatc, cucullate, and galericulate yfou-ers ; and in 
 this form are the flowers of the lamium, andraost 
 verticillate plants. Sometimes the laniium is in- 
 lire, and sometimes jagged or divided. 3d, Cor- 
 niculate ; that is, such hollow flowers as have on 
 their upper part a kind of spur, or little horn, as 
 the linaria, delphinum, &c. and the carniculuni, 
 or calcar, is always impervious at the tip or point. 
 Compounded^omers are, first, discous, or discoi- 
 dal ; that is, whose flosculi are set so close, thick, 
 and even, as to make the surface of the flower 
 plain and flat, which, because of its round form, 
 will be like a discus ; which disk is sometimes ra- 
 diated, when there is a row of petala slandiiig 
 round in the disk, like the points of a star, as in 
 the niatricaria, chamsemelum, &c. and sometimes 
 naked, having no such radiating leaves round the 
 limb of its disk, as in the tanacetum : 2d, plani- 
 folious, which is composed of plain flowers, set 
 together in circular rows round the centre, and 
 whose face is usually indeiited, notched, and 
 jagged, as the hieracia. 3d, Fistular, which is 
 compounded of long hollow little flowers, like 
 pipes, all divided into large jags at the ends. Im- 
 perfect_/(ou;frs, because they want the petala, are 
 called stamineous, apetalous, and capilaceous ; 
 and those which hang pendulous by fine threads, 
 like the juli, are by Tournefort called amentace- 
 ous, and we call them cats-tail. The term cam- 
 paniformis is used for such as are in the shape of a 
 bell, and infundibuliformis for such as are iii the 
 form of a funnel. Miller. 
 
 Good men's lives 
 Expire before the flowers in their caps, 
 Uving or ere they sicken. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 "With flow'r inwoven tresses torn. 
 The nymphs in twilight shade of tangled thickets 
 mourn. Milton. 
 
 Beauteousjflou'ers why do we spread 
 Upon the monuments of the dead. Cowley. 
 
 Though the same sun with all-diffusive rays 
 Blush in the rose, and in the diatnond blaze, 
 We praise the stronger effort of his power, 
 And always set the gem above the flower. Pope. 
 If the blossom of the plant be of most import- 
 ance, we call it a flower ; such are daisies, tulips, 
 and carnations. Watts. 
 
 2. An ornament ; an embellishment. 
 
 FLO 
 
 The nomination of persons to those places being 
 so prime and inseparable a flower of his crown, he 
 would reserve to himself. Clarendon. 
 
 This discourse of Cyprian, and the excellent 
 flowers of rhetorick in it, sliew him to have been 
 a sweet and powerful orator. Hakewill. 
 
 Truth needs no flow'rs of speech. Pop«. 
 
 3. The prime ; the flourishing part. 
 
 Alas ! young man, your days can ne'er be 
 long : 
 lu flow'r of age you perish for a song. Pope, 
 
 4. The edible part of corn ; the meal. 
 
 The bread I would have in flower, so as it might 
 be baked still to serve their necessary want. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 I can make my audit up, that all 
 
 From me do back receive the^ouj'r of all. 
 
 And leave me but the bran. Shakesp. 
 
 The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will 
 
 make a sort of glue. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 But by thy care twelve urns of wine be fill'd, 
 Next these in worth, and firm those urns be 
 
 seal'd ; 
 Be twice ten measures of the choicest^our 
 Prepar'd, ere yet descends the evening hour. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 5. The most excellent or valuable part of 
 any thing ; quintessence. 
 
 The choice and flower of all things profitable 
 the Psalms do more briefly contain, and more 
 movingly express, by reason of their poetical 
 form. Hooker. 
 
 Thou hast slain 
 The flower of Europe for his chivalry. Shakesp. 
 
 The French monarchy is exhausted of its bravest 
 subjects : the flower of the nation is consumed in 
 its wars. Addison, 
 
 6. That which is most distinguished for 
 any thing valuable. 
 
 He is not the flower of courtesy, but, I warrant 
 him, as gentle as a lamb. Shakesp. 
 
 Flo'wer de Luce, ti. s. A bulbous iris. 
 
 Miller specifies thirty-four species of this plant ; 
 and among them the Vetaian flower de luce is great- 
 ly esteemed for the sweetness and beauty of ila 
 varie'-ated flowers, which are in perfection In Fe- 
 bruary, or the begiiniing of March. 
 
 Crop'd are the_^ou'erde luces in your arms .- 
 Of England's coat one half is cut away. Shah. 
 
 The iris is the flower de luce. Peacham. 
 
 To Flower, v. n. [fleurir, Fr, or from 
 the noun.] 
 
 1 . To be in flower ; to be in blossom ; to 
 bloom ; to put forth flowers. 
 
 So forth they marched in this goodly sort. 
 To take the solace of the open air. 
 And in fresh flowering fields themselves to sport. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Sacred hill, whose head full high. 
 Is, as it were, for endless memory 
 Of that dear Lord, who oft thereon was found. 
 For ever with aflow'ring garland crown'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Then herbs of every leaf, that snidenflower'd, 
 Op'ning their various colours. Milton. 
 
 Mark well theflow'ring almonds in the wood. 
 If od'rous blooms the bearing branches load. 
 
 Dryd. Georg. 
 
 To leafless shrubs theflow'ring palms succeed, 
 And od'rous myrtle to the noisome weed. Pope. 
 
 2. To be in the prime ; to flourish. 
 
 Whilome hi youth, vihea flower' d my youthful 
 spring, 
 Like swallow swift, I wandered here and there ; 
 
 For heat of heedless lust me did so sting, 
 That I of doubted danger had no fear. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 This cause detain'd me all my floto'ring youtk, 
 Within a loatlisome dungeon there to piile. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V 1. 
 
 [3. To froth; to ferment ; to mantle, as 
 1 new bottled beer. 
 
 736
 
 FLO 
 
 Tliosc above the water were best, and that beer 
 dill y/iiirer a little ; wlicrcas that under water did 
 not, th()U»:h it were fresh. Bacon. 
 
 An extreme clarificatitm doth spread the spirits 
 so smooth that they become dull, and the ilriiik 
 dead, wliich ought to have a Ihllejlowerms. 
 
 Bacon's Natural Jiistory. 
 
 4. To come as cream from tlie surface. 
 
 If you can accept of these few observations, 
 
 which liave Jiowa'ed off, and are, as it were, the 
 
 burnishing of niiniy studious and contemplative 
 
 years, I here j^ive j'ou them to dispose of. Miltoii. 
 
 To Flo'wer. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 ailoni with fictitious or imitated flowers. 
 
 Flo'werage. n. s. [from Jlower.] Store 
 
 of flowers. Did. 
 
 Flo'weret. 7t. s. [^ewre/.Fr.] a flower ; 
 
 a small flower. 
 
 Sometimes lier bead she fondly w-ould aguise 
 AVith gaudy garlands, or {Tsshji'ow'nts (lif;ht, 
 .About her neck, or rings of rushes plight. F. Q. 
 That same dew, which sometimes on the buds 
 ^^'as wont to swell, like round and orient j^earls. 
 Stood now within the pretty Jiow'ret's eyes. 
 Like tears tliat did their own disgrace Bewail. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Sn to the sylvan lodge 
 They came, that like Pomona's arbour smil'd, 
 W"nhJiow'rel$ deck'd, and fragrant smells. Milt. 
 Then laughs the childish year with Jiow'rets 
 crown'd. 
 And lavishly perfumes the fields around ; 
 But no substantial nourishment receives. 
 Infirm the stalks, unsilid are the leaves. Drxiden. 
 
 Flo'wergarden. n. s. [flowir'axiA 
 gardin.] A garden in which flowers 
 are principally cultivated. 
 
 Ob>erving that this manure produced flowers 
 in the field, 1 made my gardener try those shells 
 in my Jlotcergarden, audf I never saw'better carna- 
 tions or flowers. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Flo'\verines.s. n. s. [{rom flower i/.] 
 
 1. The state of abounding in liowers. 
 
 2. Florirhiess of speech. 
 Flo'weringbush. n. s. A plant. 
 Flo'wery. adj. [from_^oH'fr.] Full of 
 
 flowers ; adorned with flowers real or 
 fictitiops. 
 
 My nmfher Circe, with the syrens there. 
 Amidst the ftow'rii kirtled Naiades. Milton. 
 
 Day's harhinger 
 Comes dancing from the East, and leads with her 
 The^/ou-'ri/ l\Iay, who from her green lap throws 
 The yellow cowslip and the pale primrose. Ilii/fojj. 
 
 O'er his fair limhs ajiow'rji vest he threw. Pi>pe. 
 
 To her the .-liady grove, the Jiow'ry field. 
 The streams and fountains no delight could yield. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 FloVixgly. adv. [from^oK;.] With 
 volubility ; with abundance. 
 
 Flowk. n. s. [fluke, Scott.] A floun- 
 ,der ; the name of a fish. 
 
 Amongst these the Jiowk, sole, and plaice, fol- 
 low the tide up into the fresh waters. Carew. 
 
 Flo'wkwort. n.s. The name of a plant. 
 
 Flown. Participle of fly, or /?fe, they 
 
 being confounded ; properly of fly. 
 J. Gone away. 
 
 For those. 
 Appointed to sit there, had left their charge, 
 t'iOKn to the upper world. Milton's I'aradise Lost. 
 V\ lleic, my deluded tense ! was reason^/inrn ? 
 Where the high majesty of David's throne .' 
 
 Prior. 
 2. Puffed ; inflated ; elate. 
 And when night 
 Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons 
 Of ISelial.y/cmii with insolence and w ine. Milton. 
 
 Is this a bridal or a friendly feast ? 
 Or from your deeds I rightly may divine, 
 \.'ascei\A\ Jlou-n with insolence or wine. Poije. 
 
 Vol. 1. 
 
 F L U 
 
 Flu'ctuant. aflj. {Jluctvans, Lat.] 
 Waverina" ; uncertain. 
 
 To be Itiiiging fur ihis thiiip to-day, and for tbat 
 tiling to-morrow ; to ch:iniie likiii'^s for i«.atliint;s, 
 and to stand wishing and Iiankt'rinii at a vt'oture, 
 how is it possible for anv man to be at rest in tliis 
 
 Jiuctuant wandering liuniuur and opininn. 
 
 VEstrange. 
 To FLU'CTUATK. v.n. [flucluo, Lat] 
 
 1. To roll to and again, as water in agi- 
 tation. 
 
 The Ji net uating fields of liquid air, 
 Wilh all the curious meteors hov'ring there. 
 And the wide regions of the land, proclaim 
 The Pow'r Divine, tiiat rais'd the mighty frame. 
 
 Blitckmore. 
 
 2. To float backward and forward, as 
 with the motion of water. 
 
 3. To move with uncertain and hasty 
 motion. 
 
 The tempter 
 New parts puts on ; and, hs to passion mov'd, 
 Fluctuates disturb'd. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 4. To be in an uncertain state; to foel 
 sudden vicissitudes. 
 
 As the greatest part of my estate has hitherto 
 been of an unsteady and volatile nature, cither 
 tost upon seas, or^»c/ti"(J?»^ in funds, it is n^^w 
 fixed and settled in substantial acres and tcuL-- 
 ments. Addison. 
 
 5. To be irresolute ; to be undetermined. 
 Fluctua'tion. n. s. [Jiuctnatio, Lat, 
 
 Jluctiintlon, Fr. h'oxn fluctuate.] 
 
 1 . The alternate motion of the water. 
 
 Fluctuations are but motions subservient, which 
 winds, storms, shores, shelves, and every iiiter- 
 jaccncy irregulatcs. Bnum. 
 
 They were caused by the impulses an! fiuc- 
 tiuttioji of water in the bowels of the earth. IVood. 
 
 2. Uncertainty ; indetermination. 
 
 It will nut hinder it from making a proselyte of 
 a person, that \o\csjhtcluatiiin of judgment lilllo 
 enough to be willing to be eased of il by any Uiing 
 but errour. Bot/le. 
 
 Flue. w. 5. [ \ word of which I know 
 
 not the etymology, unless it be derived 
 
 from flew offli/.] 
 K A small pipe or chimney to convey air, 
 
 heat, or smoke, 
 2. Soft down or fur, such as may fly in 
 
 the wind. 
 Flue'llin. n,s. The herb Speedwell. 
 Flu'ency. n. s. [from flutnf .] 
 
 1. The quality of (lowing: smoothness; 
 freedom from harshness or asperit3% 
 
 Fluenci! of numbers, and most expressive figures 
 fur the puet, morals for the serious, and j leasaEit- 
 ries for admirers of points of wit. Cnrtfi. 
 
 2. Readiness; copiousness; volubility. 
 
 Our puLiick liturgy must be cashiered, th<^ bet- 
 ter to please those men who gloried in their ex- 
 temporary vein Audjluencij. ^^"g Charles. 
 
 "We reason with sachjluencv and fire. 
 The beaux we battle, and the learned tire. Ticket. 
 
 The conmiony^i/PHry of speech in many men, 
 and most women, is owing to a scarcity of mat- 
 ter, and a scarcity of words . for whoever is mas- 
 ter of language, and hath a mind full of itieas, 
 will be aj t, in speaking, to hesitate upon the 
 choice of both. Sivij't. 
 
 3. Affluence ; abundance. This sense is 
 obsolete. 
 
 Those who grow old lujiuency and ease, 
 Behold him tost on seas. Samtys. 
 
 Gnd riches and renown to men imparts. 
 Even all they wish ; and yet their narrow hearts 
 Cannot so great afiueiicu receive, 
 But their fruition tu a stranger leave. Sa7ulys. 
 
 FLUENT, adj. 
 1. Liquid. 
 
 [Jiucns, Lat.] 
 
 FLU 
 
 Jt is not malleable ; but yet is not fluent, bnt 
 stupified. Uacoti. 
 
 2. riowing; in motion ; influx. 
 
 Motion bein^ a fluent thing, and one part of its 
 duration being independent upon another, it doth 
 not follow that because any thing ntuves this mo- 
 ment, it must do 9(» the next, llaiton the Creution. 
 
 3. Ready ; copious ; v.iluble. 
 
 'those have sr.nic natural dispositions, which 
 have better grace in youth than in age, such as is 
 tijluent and luxurious speech. Buctm. 
 
 I shall lay before you ..II that's within me. 
 And with imjitfiuetit utterance. Dcnitam' s Sxph}). 
 Fluent, n. s. Stream ; runnine water. 
 Confiding in their hands, that sed'lous strive 
 "To cut th' outrageous_//uen( ; in this distress, 
 Ev'n in the sight of death. Fhilipt. 
 
 Flu'ently. adv. [from fluent.] \Vith 
 ready flow ; voluMy ; readily ; without 
 obstruction or dithculty. 
 FLUID, adj. [fluidus, L&t. fluide, Fr.] 
 Having parts easily separable ; not solid. 
 
 Or serve they as a flow'ry verge to bind 
 The Jluid skirts ot that sanle wai'ry cloud, 
 Lest it airain dissolve, and show'r tlie earth iMilt. 
 
 If particles sli[) easily, and are of a fit size to b€ 
 agitated by heat, and the heat is big enough to 
 keep them in agitation, the body hjutid ; and if 
 it be apt to stick to things, it is Iiumid. Kcwton. 
 
 Flu'id. n. s. 
 
 1. Any tiling not solid. 
 
 2. [In physick.] Any animal juice ; as 
 the blood. 
 
 Consider how luxury hath introduced new dis- 
 eases, and with them, not improbably, altered 
 the w hole course of the fluids. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fuji DiTY. n. s. [fluidite, Fr. from 
 
 fluid.] The quality in bodies opposite 
 to stability ; want of coherence between 
 the parts. 
 
 Heat promfites_/?wirf?7_i/ very much, by diminish, 
 ing the tenacity of bodi'es : it makes niany bodies 
 fluid, which are not fluid in cold, and increases 
 the jiuidity of tenacious liquids ; as of oil, balsam, 
 and honey ; and thereby decreases their resist- 
 ance. Keicton. 
 
 ,\ disease opposite to this spissitude is too great 
 fluidity. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Flu'iunes.s. n. s. [from fluid.] That 
 quality in bodies opposite to stibilily. 
 
 What if we should say that ^riaii/Tiess and sta- 
 bility depends so much upon i!ie texture of the 
 Jiarts, Ihat by the change of that texture the 
 same parts may be made to constitute either a 
 fluid or a dry body, and that permanently too ? 
 
 Boyle. 
 Flu'mmery. n.s. .■X kind of food made 
 by coagulation of wheattiower or oat- 
 meal, 
 ftlilk andjlummery are very fit for children. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Flung, participle and preterite of fling. 
 Thrown ; cast. 
 
 Several statues the Roman theraselves_/?iin^ in- 
 to the river, when they would revenge themselves. 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 FLUOR, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. A fluid state. 
 
 The particles of fluids, which do not cohere too 
 stroiigly, and arc of such a smalliiess as renders 
 them most susce; tible of those agitations which 
 keep liquors in afiuor, are most easily separated 
 and rarehed into vapours. Aeutoti's Opt, 
 
 2. Calamenia. 
 Flurry, n. s. 
 
 1 . A gust or storm of wind ; a hasty blast. 
 
 The boat was overset by a sudden /iitrry frY)m 
 the North. " Sutiji. 
 
 2. Hurry ; a violent commotion. 
 
 /'(/ FLUSH. V. 11. [flitysai, Dut to flow; 
 flus, oyflu.r, Fr] 
 5 B 737
 
 FLU 
 
 1 . To flow with violence. 
 
 Tire fiiilse of till' heart he attributes to an ebul- 
 lition and smlden expaiisimi of the blood in the 
 ventricles, after the manner of the milk, which, 
 bein^ heated to such a dej^ree, doth suddenly, and 
 all at once, /tusk up and run over the vessel* Hatj. 
 
 Itjtitilies violentlj out of the cock for ahout'a 
 quar I, and then stops. Mortimer's Hufbandry 
 
 2. To coine in haste. 
 
 If the place but aftbrds 
 Any store of lucky birds, 
 Ai I uuike 'em tojiusli, 
 Eacll owl out of hrs bush 
 
 3. To clow in the skin 
 
 Ben Jousons Oivts. 
 to produce a co- 
 lour in the face by a sudden afflux of 
 blood. It is properly used of a sudden 
 or transient heat of countenance ; not 
 of a settled complexion. 
 
 Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears 
 Had left tlie fluilUng in her gauled eyes. 
 She married. Slutkesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Thus Eve with count'nance blithe her story told, 
 But in her cheek distemper /iiis/ii/ig glow'd. Milt. 
 What can be more significant than the sudden 
 fushing and confusion of a blush ? Collier. 
 
 What means that lovely fruit ? What means, 
 alas ! 
 That blood, vvhich^Hs/ies guilty in your face 'Dry. 
 
 At once, array 'd 
 In all the colours of ihe flushing year. 
 The garden glows. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 4. To shine suddenly. Obsolete. 
 A riake of fire thut flushing in his beard. 
 Him all amaz'd. Spenser. 
 
 To Flu'sh. v. a. 
 
 .1. To colour ; to redden ; properly to red- 
 den suddenly. 
 
 The glowing dames of Zania's royal court 
 Have f'dcesflush'd with more e-xalleJ charms. 
 
 Addis. Cato. 
 Some court, or .secret corner seek, 
 Nqt flush witii shame the passing virgin's cheek. 
 
 Gays Triu. 
 2, To elate ; to elevate ; to give the ap- 
 pearance of sudden joy. 
 
 As pr'is[iei( us peojjie, flushed with great vic- 
 tories and successes, are rarely known to confine 
 their joys within tlie bounds of mutleratiun and 
 iiniocence. Atteriury's Sernwiis. 
 
 Flush. atJj. 
 
 1. Fresli; full of vigour. 
 
 He took my father giosly, full of bread, 
 \^ ilhall hiscrinies bnad blown, and_^us/ia5May; 
 And li .w his audit stands, who knows, save 
 Heav'n ? Shakesp. 
 
 I love to wear clotlis that are flush, 
 Not prefacing old rags with jilusll. Cleavclnml. 
 
 2. Affluent; abounding. A cant word. 
 Lord Strut was not very flush in ready, either 
 
 to go to law (^r clear old debts ; neither could he 
 find good bail. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Flush, fi. s. 
 
 1. Afflux; sudden impulse; violent flow. 
 This is commonly corrupted to Jiusli: 
 as, ajlii.sk of water. 
 
 Never had any man such a loss, cries a widow- 
 er, in the flu^k of his extravagancies for a dead 
 ■wife. VEsirange. 
 
 The pulse of the arteries is not only caused by 
 tile pulsation of the heart, driving the blood 
 through them in manner of a wnve ut flush, but 
 by the coats of the arteries themselves. Ray. 
 
 Success may give him a piesent_^(is/i of joy ; 
 but when the short transport is over, the appre- 
 hension of losing succeeds to the care ofacquirijig. 
 Rogers's Sermons. 
 
 2. Cards all of a sort. 
 
 To Flu'ster. v. a. [from To flush.'] To 
 make hot and rosy with drinking ; to 
 make half drunk. 
 
 Three l.ids of Cyprus, noble swelling spirits. 
 Have 1 to-night_/I/(sier'(/ with flowing cups. 
 And they watch too Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 FLU 
 
 FLUTF. w. s, [fluste, Jiutc, Yv.Jlaijte, 
 Dut.] 
 
 1. A musical pipe; a pipe with stops for 
 the fingers. 
 
 Th' oars were silver, 
 Which to the tune offnies kept stroke. Shakesp. 
 
 The soft complaining flute 
 In dyliitf notes discovers 
 The woes of hopeless lovers, 
 W iiose dirge is whisper'd by the wa-rbllng lute. 
 
 Dniilen. 
 
 2. A channel or furrow in a pillar, like 
 the concave of a flute split. 
 
 To Flute, v. a. To cut columns into 
 
 hollows. 
 lo FLUTTER, v, n. [flote^an, Sax. 
 
 Jloftn% Fr.] 
 
 1. To take short flights with great agita- 
 tion of the wings. 
 
 As an eagle stirreth up her nfst, fluttereth over 
 her _young, and spreadcth abroad her wings, so 
 the Lord alone did lead him. Deut. 
 
 Think you've an angel by the wings; 
 One that gladly will be nigh, 
 Ti wait upon each morning-sigh ; 
 Tt> Jlutter in the balmy air 
 Of yuur well perfumed pray'r. Crashau: 
 
 They fed, and, Jiutt'ringt by degrees withdrew. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. To move about with great show and 
 bustle without consequence. 
 
 Excess muddles the best wit, and only makes 
 it J'xitter and froth hi^h. Grew. 
 
 No rag, no scrap ni all the beau or wit, 
 That once sojlutter'd, and that once so writ.Po/je, 
 
 3. To be moved with quick vibrations or 
 undulations. 
 
 Ye spirits ! to your charge repair ; 
 The jiutt'Tiiig fan'be Zephyretta's care. Pope. 
 
 'I'hey the tail mast above the vessel rear, 
 Or teach the JlnU'ring sail tu flrat in mr.Pope'sOd. 
 
 4. To be in agitation ; to move irregular- 
 ly : to be in a state of uncertainty. 
 
 The relation being brought hitu \\liat a glorious 
 victory was got, and iiuwlong we jlutlered upon 
 the wings of doubtful success, lie was not sur- 
 prised. Hou'crs Vocal Forest. 
 
 It is impossible that men should certainly dis- 
 cover the agreement or discerinnent of ideas, 
 whilst their thoughts y/»((er about, or stick only 
 in sounils of doubtful signification. Locke. 
 
 Esteem we these, my friends ! event and chance, 
 Produc'd by atoms from their fiutfring dance ! 
 
 Prior. 
 
 His thoughts are very Jiuttering and wandering, 
 and cannot be fixed attentively to a few ideas 
 successively. Tl atts. 
 
 To Flutter, v. a, 
 
 1 . To drive in disorder ; like a flock of 
 birds suddenly roused. 
 
 Like an eagle in a dovecoat, 1 
 Flutter d your \^jlscians in Corioli. Shakes}), 
 
 2. To hurry the mind. 
 '^. To disorder the position of any thing. 
 Flu'tter. «. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Vibration; undulation; quick and ir- 
 regular motion. 
 
 An inhnite variety of motions arc to be made 
 
 use of iu the fiuttei- of a fan : there is the angry 
 
 Jiutter, the modest flutter^ and the timorous JiittUr. 
 
 Addison's Spectator, 
 
 2. Hurry ; tumult ; disorder of mind. 
 
 3. Confusion ; irregular position. 
 Fluvia'tick, adj, [JluviaticuSj Lat.] 
 
 Belonging to rivers. 
 
 FLUX. n.s. [JliixuSy L^t.flux, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of flowing ; passage. 
 
 The simple and primary motion of fire is flux, 
 in a direct line from the centre of the fuel to its 
 circuiuferexice, Oigby, 
 
 FLY 
 
 By the pcrpctualy?'a of the liquids, a great part 
 of them is thrown out of the body. Arhntimot, 
 
 2. The state of passing away and giving 
 place ti< others. 
 
 Whether the heat of the sun ill animals whose 
 parts are successive, and in a cuidinual flu.i, can 
 produce a deep and perfect gloss of l.l.ickucss. 
 
 hrown's Vulgar Kirours. 
 
 What the stater) rate of interest slumltl he, in 
 the constant change of iiiVairs, andflui of money, 
 is hard to determine. f^orlte. 
 
 In the constituent matter of one body, lurning 
 natm-.illy to another like body, the stock or fund 
 caji never be exhausted, nor the_/iui and alteia- 
 tion sensible. Woodward. 
 
 Languages, like our bodies, are in a perpetual 
 fluT, and stand in need of recruits tu supply those 
 words that are ci iitinually falling. I'ellon. 
 
 3. Any flow or issue of matter. 
 
 Quinces st(jp //f/jts of blood. Arhuthnot. 
 
 4. Dyseiilei-y ; disease iu which tlie bowels 
 are excoriated and bleed ; bloody flux. 
 
 K'-'.t eastern spice, secure 
 From buniing^rt.tt'S and hot calenture. HulrfaT. 
 
 a.Excrement ; that which falls from bodies. 
 
 Civet is the very uncleanly _//uj: of a cat. Shak. 
 
 6. Concourse ; confluence. 
 
 Left and abandon'd of his velvet friends ; 
 'l"is right, quoth he ; thus misery doth part 
 They//(.T of company. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 7. Tlie state of being melted. 
 
 8. That which mingled with the body 
 makes it melt. 
 
 Flux. adj. [fluxus, Lat.] Unconstant ; 
 
 not durable ; maintained by a constant 
 
 succession of parts. 
 To Flux. v. a. 
 
 1. To melt. 
 
 2. To salivate ; to evacuate by spitting. 
 He might fashionably and genteelly have been 
 
 duelled or fluxed into another world. South. 
 
 Fluxi'lity. n. s. [flujcus, Lat.] Easi- 
 ness of separation of parts ; possibility 
 of liquefaction. 
 
 Experiments seem to teacli, that the supposed 
 aversation of nature to a vacuum is but accidental, 
 or in consequence, partly of the weight and fluidity, 
 or at ie-AstJiuiility of the bodies here below. Buylc. 
 
 Flu'xion. n. s. [fltixio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of flowing. 
 
 2. The matter that flows. 
 
 Thefluxion increased, and abscesses were raised. 
 
 M'isemart. 
 
 3. [In mathematics] The arithmetick or 
 analysis of inlinitely small variable quan- 
 tities ; or it is the method of finding an 
 infinite small or infinitely small quantity, 
 which, being taken an infinite number 
 of times, becomes equal to a quantity 
 gi\en. Harris. 
 
 A penetration into the abstruse difliculties and 
 depths of modern algebra and fluxions, are not 
 worth the labour of those wlio design the learned 
 professions as the business of life. Watts. 
 
 To FLY. pret.^f!*' or fled; ^art.fledor 
 floitn. V. 11. [j-leogan, Sax. To fly is 
 properly to use ivings, and gives floip 
 and flu im. To flee is to escape, or to go 
 away, jilean, Sax. and makes ^crf. They 
 are now confounded.] 
 I . To move through the air with wings. 
 Ere the bat hath_^ffiDre 
 His cloister'd flight. Shahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fowl that may fly above the earth in the open 
 firmament of heaven. Gen. i. ilO. 
 
 These men's hastiness the warier sort of you 
 do not comuiend : ye wish they had held thera- 
 
 738 
 
 ft
 
 FLY 
 
 selves lonser in, and not JImon so danperonsly 
 abri'atl before the feathers of the cause had bf-rri 
 grown. Hooker. 
 
 2 To pass throu<Th the air. 
 
 jMan is born uiUo trouble, as the spavks^u up- 
 ward. J^'f'. V. 
 
 3. To pass away, with the idea of swift- 
 ness or escaj>e. 
 
 Kv'n a romance, a tune, a rhime, 
 IIi'Ip ihce to pass the tedious time, 
 Which else would on \hy liand remain ; 
 Thoughyyiwii. it ne'er looks back again. PHor. 
 
 4. To pass swiftlv. 
 
 The sci'uts with filing speed 
 Reluiii, and tliruuiili ihecit^' spread tlie news.Dri/. 
 Lailh rullb back beneath lUeJiying steed. Pi^pe. 
 
 5. To move with rapidity. 
 
 As striplings whip the top for sport, 
 On the sniooHi pavement of an empty court, 
 The wooden eni/iney/ics and whirls abuut. Dryd 
 0. To part with violence. 
 
 Glad to catch tliis good occasion, 
 ]\Inst thoroughly to be winnow'd, where my chaff 
 And corn shall //y .isunder. iihakcsi). 
 
 He hassas heads, to save his own, made fiif ; 
 And now, the sultan to preserve, must iVie.)\'iiller. 
 
 7. To break ; to shiver ; to burst asunder 
 M'ith a sudden explosion. 
 
 Bfliold, a frothj' substance rise ; 
 Be cautious, off your bi'ttle7?fV5. Su'lft. 
 
 8. [j'lean, Sax. Jlichen, Germ.] To run 
 away ; to attempt escape. [In this sense 
 the verb is properly tojlte, whenfltd is 
 formed ; but the following examples 
 siiew that they are confounded : they 
 are confounded oftener in the present 
 than in the preter tense.] 
 
 AVhich when the valiant elf perceiv'd, he leapt, 
 As li<in fierce, upon lh(' Jibing prey. Spenser. 
 
 Ye sliall rtee, as yeyi'tci from before tlie earth- 
 quake. Zech. xiv. 5. 
 
 Ahialher escaped and^ed after David. I5u.x.\ii. 
 
 What wonder if tlie knidly beams he shed, 
 R''viv'd the drooping arts again ; 
 If •:clei:ce rais'd her head, 
 And si'ft humanity, that from rebellion ^erf. Dry. 
 
 He oft desirM i^Jiy from Israel's throne, 
 And live in shades with her and love alone. Prior. 
 
 I'll Hy fnun shepherds, flocks, and tlow'ryplains; 
 From shepherds, flocks, and plains I may remove. 
 Forsake mankiud, and all the world but love. Pope. 
 
 9. Tojly at. To spring with violence 
 upon ; to fall on suddenly. 
 
 A servant that he bred, thrlH'd with remorse, 
 Oppos'd against the act, bending his sword 
 To his great roaster ; who, thereat enra^'d. 
 Flew on him, and amongst them fell'd him dead. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 Though the dogs have never seen the dog-killer, 
 yet they will come forth, and_/iu at him. 
 
 Tiacoris Nat. Hist. 
 
 No honour, no fortune, can keep a man from 
 being miserable, when an enraged conscience shall 
 fiy at him, and take him by the throat. South. 
 
 This is an ace ihatjiies at all learning, and en- 
 quires especially into faults. South. 
 
 10. To fly in the face. To insidt. 
 
 This would discouraee any man from doing you 
 pood, when you « ill either neglect him, or Jii{ in 
 his face J and he must expect only danger to him- 
 -self. Siciji's Ifrapier's Letters. 
 
 11. ToJIi/ in the face. To act in defiance. 
 
 Fly in nature's/acf '. 
 —But how, if nature^v in my face first? 
 —Then nature's the aggressor. Dryden. 
 
 12. To fly off. To revolt. 
 
 Deny to speak to me! They're sick, they're 
 weary, 
 They_ have travell'd all the night ! mean felches ; 
 The images of revolt and flying off. Shahesp. 
 
 The tra^-tor Sypliax 
 Ftew off at once with his Numidian horse. .^rf.Cafo. 
 
 1 3. To fly out. To burst into passion. 
 
 FLY 
 
 How ca<;v is a noble spirit discern'd. 
 From liar;>li and bulphuruus lualter x\\,\\ flies out 
 In Ci-Utumelies, makes a noise, and !>iiiik>. 
 
 hen Jona. Cutil. 
 
 Passion is ai^t to ruffle, and pride will_f/u n»( 
 
 into contumely and neglect, Collin- of Fritiuhhip, 
 
 1 I. To fly out. To break out into licence. 
 
 ^'(ui ii^e me like a courser spurr'd and reln'd : 
 If 1 /j'u out, my fierce.it SN you cnnnuand. Dryd. 
 
 Papists, when miopposed. fiy out into all the 
 paiieatilries of worship . but when thev are hard 
 ]>ressed by aTgumenls, lie close intrencfied behind 
 the council of I'rent. Druden. 
 
 15. To flu out. To start violently from 
 any direction. 
 
 Ail hudics, moved circularly, have a perpetual 
 endeavour to recede from tlie centre, and every 
 moment would Jly out in right hues, if they were 
 not Ie^^ra;ned. hentleys Sermons. 
 
 16. 'I o lit fly. To discharge. 
 
 The noisy culvcrin, o'ercharg'd, letsfy. 
 And hiirsis, uiuilming, in the reiided sky. Granv. 
 
 1 7. To be light and unincumbered : as a 
 flying camp. 
 
 To Tly. v. (I. 
 
 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline. 
 
 Love like a shadow flies, when substance love 
 pursues ; 
 Pursuing that which flies, ?luA flying what pursues. 
 
 Shukt^p. 
 O Jove, I think 
 Foundations^V the wretched ; such I mean, 
 VVheie they should be relieved. Shakes]). 
 
 If you//y physick in henlth altogether, it will 
 be tuo strange i'or your body when you shall need 
 it. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 O whither shall I run, or which way_/ij/ 
 The siLiht of this so horrid speeacle ! Milt. 
 
 2. "^I'o refuse association with. 
 
 Sk^c\>Jiies the wretch ; or when with cares op- 
 press, 
 And his toss'd limbs are weary'd into rest, 
 Then dreams invade. Dryden s Jtmeutil. 
 
 Nature^fcs him like enchanted ground. iJr^dcK. 
 
 3. To quit by tlight. 
 Dedalus, t<j fli] the Cretan shore. 
 
 His heavy limlis on jointed pinions bore. 
 
 The first who sail'd in air, Drydens JEn. 
 
 4. To attack by a bird of prey. 
 
 If a man can tame ihis monster, and with her 
 fu other ravening fuwl, and kill them. It is some- 
 what wi)rth. Bacon. 
 
 5. It is probable that fltiv was originally 
 the preterite of fly, when it signified 
 volation, and /?(// when it signified es- 
 cape ; floivn should be confined likewise 
 to volation ; but these distinctions are 
 now confounded. I know not any book 
 except the Scriptures in which fly and 
 
 flee are carefully kept separate. 
 Fly. n. s. [pleoje, Sax.] 
 
 1. A small winged insect of many species. 
 
 Asy//f5 to wanton boys, are we to th' gods ; 
 They kill ns for their spoit. Shahesp. 
 
 My country neighbours begin to tlilnk of being 
 in general, before they come tn tlnuk of the fly in 
 their shee[>, or (he tares in their corn. Locke. 
 
 To jjrevcnt tUeJiy, some luopuse to sow ashes 
 with the seed. Mirrlimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To hcodlebs fiies the window pruves 
 A constant death. Thomson^s Sumntcr. 
 
 2. Thatpiirtofa machine which being 
 put into a quick motion, regulates and 
 equalises the motion of the rest. 
 
 If we suppose a man tied In place of tlie weight, 
 it were easy, by a siuj^Ic hair fastened unto the 
 /i'v or balance of the jack, to draw him up froui 
 the ground. ]Vtthin4. 
 
 3. That part of a vane which points how 
 the wind blows. 
 
 To Fly'blow. v.fi. [fly and blotc] To 
 laint with flies ; to fill with maggots. 
 
 F O A 
 
 I am unwillingtobcIieTcthat he designs to play 
 tricks, and lojiybhw my words, to make uihen 
 distaste tlieni. Stiitingjicet, 
 
 Like n/iyhtinim cake of tallow ; 
 Or, on |>afchnient, ink turn'd yellow, Sidfi, 
 
 So morning ii>sects, tlial in muck begun. 
 Shine, buz, aud Jiybtntr in the setting sun. Pope. 
 Fi.y'boat. n. s. [fli/ and boat.] A kind 
 
 of vessel nimble and lif;ht for sailing. 
 Flyca'tcher. 71. s. [fli/ and catch.] 
 One that hunts flies. 
 
 'i'liere was more need of Hrutus in Doniitian*9 
 days, to mend, than of Horace, to iauLh at a 
 Jiuciticher, Dryden. 
 
 'i'lie swallow was a Jlycatcher as well a^ the 
 spider. ' L'Estrange. 
 
 Fly'er. n. s. [from_^^.] 
 
 1. One that flies or runs away. This is 
 wrilten more frequentiy^fVr. 
 
 They hit one another with darts, as the others 
 do with iheir hands, which they never throw 
 cuniiter, hut at the back of the^fier. Sandu'sJour, 
 
 He grieves so many Brito:is s'umld be lost ; 
 Taking more pains, when be beheld them yield. 
 To save the filers than to win the field. IVatler, 
 
 2. One that uses wings. 
 
 3. The fly of a jack. 
 
 •t. [In architecture.] Stairs made of an 
 oljlong square figure, whose fore and 
 back sides are p-.irallel to each other, 
 and so are their ends : the second of 
 these fli/ers stands piirallel behind the 
 first, the third behind ihe second, and 
 so are said to fly off from one another. 
 Alodons Mich E.nr. 
 To Fly'fiSH. v.n. [fli/am\flsh.] To 
 angle with a hcok baited with a fly, 
 either natural or artificial. 
 I shall give you some directions ioT fiv-ft$hing. 
 
 W'aU •«. 
 
 FOAL. n. s. [pola, Sax ] The offspring 
 of a mare, or other beast of buriheii. 
 'Jlie custom now is to use coll for a 
 young horse, and /oo/for ayounginari' ; 
 but there was not originally any such 
 distinction. 
 
 Also flew his steed. 
 And with his winged heels did tread the wind. 
 As Ite had been aj'oal of Pegasus's kind. J^. Q. 
 'luenty she-asses and \Gi\jfaU. Gen. xwii. 1.3. 
 To Foal. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 bring forth. Used of mares. 
 
 Give my horse to Timon ; li foals me straight 
 Ten able h'uises. Shakesp. Timtm. 
 
 Such colts as are 
 Of eenernus race, straight, when they first are/iwrrf. 
 Walk proudly. May's Georgicks. 
 
 To Foal. v.n. To be disburthened of 
 the foetus. Used of beasts of burthen. 
 
 About September take \our mares into the 
 house, where keep them 'till lUe\ foal. 
 
 Mitrtimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Fo'albit. 7 -Dl * 
 
 „ , }n. s. Plants. 
 
 Foalfoot. 3 
 
 FOAM. n. s. [pam. Sax.] The white 
 substance which agitation or fermen- 
 tation gathers on the top of liquors ; 
 froth ; spume. 
 TheJiKim upon the water. Hos. \. 7, 
 
 Whitening down their mossy tinclot'd stream 
 Descends the billow y/ounl. Tkomson's iprii'g. 
 
 Tit Foam. v. ii. [from the noun.] 
 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 
 
 What a beard of the general's cut will do 
 
 amvno foaming bottles and ale-wash'd wits, is 
 
 wonilerful. Shahesp. Uinry V. 
 
 Cwsar fell down in the market-place, and 
 
 foam'd at mouth, aud was s, eecUess. iihaiesp. 
 
 739
 
 FOC 
 
 To Pallas liiuh iiwfoaming bowl he crown'd. 
 And sprinkl'd lar^e Iit.iiti >iis on the giound.Po^fe. 
 
 Upon njouming liorse 
 There fulluw'd strait ii iikui of royal port. Rowe. 
 
 2. To be in rage ; to be violently agitated. 
 
 Hcfoamethf and gnashethwiih his teeth. 
 
 Mark, \x. 11. 
 
 Fo'amy. tidj. [from/oam.] Covered 
 vith foam ; tVothy. 
 
 More white tiian jVeptune'syiJ^my face, 
 W'liuii strug^linii rocks he wouh! embrace. SWufi/. 
 
 liehold liuw high the/iwiHii/ hilhiws ride ! 
 The winds and waves are on tlie juster side. Drij. 
 
 FOB. n. s. [ fuppe, J'lqj^acke, Germ.] A 
 small pocket, 
 
 \\ ho pick'd 'dfob at li..ldirit; forth. Hudibras. 
 
 Whenwere tiK- dicewilli more profusion thrown ? 
 The weh-liU'd^ij/j, not empty'd iiuvv alone. Drijd, 
 
 He put his hand into liis^bft, and presented me 
 in his name with a tohaccu-stopper. Addison. 
 
 Two pi ckets he called his fobs: they were tuo 
 larfie slits squeezed close by the pressure of his 
 belly. Swift. 
 
 Orphans around Ids bed the lawyer sees, 
 And takes the plaintiff's and defendant's fees; 
 His fellow pick-purse, watching ftjr a job. 
 Fancies his fingers in the cully 's_/I'/>. Swift. 
 
 To Fob. v. a, [Jhpptn, Cierai.] 
 
 1. To cheat: to trick ; to defraud. 
 
 I think it is scurvy, and begin to find myself 
 fohb'd in it. Shakes-p. Othello. 
 
 Shall there be a gallows standing in Eni;tui;d 
 wlien thoti art king, and resohitinn ihusfobh'd as 
 it is with the rusty curb of old father antick the 
 law. Shakes}}. Henrij IV. 
 
 He goes pressing forward, 'till he \va.sfobbed 
 again with another story. L'Estrunge. 
 
 2. To fob off. To shift off; to put aside 
 with an artifice ; to delude by a trick. 
 
 You nnist not think 
 To fob oj/'your disgraces with a tale. Shakesp. 
 
 For they, poor knaves, were glad to cheat. 
 To get their wives and children meat ; 
 But these will not befobb'd ojf so. 
 They must have wealih and power too. Hudibras. 
 
 By a Ravenna vintner once belray'd, 
 So much for wine and water mixM I paid ; 
 But when I thcmght ihe purchased liquor mine, 
 The rascal fobKd me oj/Avith only wine. Addison. 
 
 Being a great lover of country-sports, I abso- 
 lutely determined not to he a minister of state, nor 
 to hej'obb'd ojf* with a garter. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Fo'cAL. adj. [£vom focus.] Belonging to 
 the focus. See Focus. 
 
 Schelhammer demandeth whether the convexity 
 or concavity of the drum collects rays into a focal 
 point or scatters them. Dcrham. 
 
 Fo'ciL. n. s. [fociley Fr.] The greater 
 or less bone between the knee and ankle, 
 or elbow and wrist. 
 
 The fracture was of both the JbciVs of the left 
 leg. Wiseman. 
 
 Focilla'tion. n. s. [ focillo, L?it.] 
 Comfort ; support. Diet. 
 
 FOrUS. n. s. [Lat] 
 
 1. [In opticks.] 1 he focus of a glass is the 
 point of convergence or concourse, where 
 the ra\s meet and cross the axis after 
 their refraction by the glass. 
 
 The point from which rays diverge, or to which 
 they converge, may be called theiryiicus.AVitf.O/) 
 
 2. Focus of a Parabola. A point in the 
 axis within the figure, and distant from 
 the vertex by a fourth part of the par;i- 
 meter, or laius rectum. Harris. 
 
 8. F'cus of on Elipsis, A point towards 
 each end of the longer axis; from whence 
 two right lines being drawn to any point 
 in the circumference, shall be to;2,ether 
 equal to that longer axis. Uarria, 
 
 FOG 
 
 4. Focus of the Uyberhola. A point in the 
 principal axis, within the opposite hy 
 perbolas ; from which if any two right 
 lines are drawn, meeting in eitlier of the 
 opposite hyperbolas, the ditlerence will 
 be e(|nal to the principal axis. Diet. 
 FO'DDER. n. s. [po'Sjie, po'Seji, Sax.] 
 Dry footl stored up for cattle against 
 ^Vintor. 
 
 'I'lu-ir cattle, starving for want o{ fodder, car- 
 
 rupud the air. Kiioile&'s liistorii of the Turks. 
 
 Bring not lu be raised wiUiout wintering, tlicy 
 
 will help to force men into iiuproveuient of land 
 
 bj a necessity < (fodder. Temple. 
 
 ' Of grass a.ni\ fodder tliou defraud'st tire dams, 
 And of tlieir mothers dugs tlie starving himbs. 
 
 Brifdens I irgU. 
 
 To Fo'dder. v. a. [from the noini.] To 
 feed with dry food. 
 
 Naluraf eartli is taken fromjust under the turf 
 of ihe best pasture ground. Hi a place that has 
 been wcWfoddereit on. Evelyn. 
 
 Fr..m vs inter keep 
 VVellyiiciJer'd in the stalls, thy tender sheep. 
 
 Vryden's Virgil. 
 
 A farm of fifty pound bath comniunly thiee 
 
 barns, with as many covvyards io fodder cattle in. 
 
 Mr.rtioter's IIu^bu7idry. 
 
 Straw will do well enough lu fodder with. jMort. 
 
 Fo'dderer. 91. s. [from fodder.] He 
 who fodders cattle. 
 
 FOE. U.S. [pah, Sax. /ae, Scott ] 
 
 1. An enemy in wai\ 
 
 Ere iie had established his throne, 
 He foUirht great battles will] his savage fiie, 
 In whitii be them defeated evermore. Fairij Q, 
 
 Never but one more was either like 
 To meet so great a foe. MiUo7i. 
 
 2. A persecutor ; an enemy in common life. 
 
 God's benison go with you, and with those 
 That would make good of bad, and friends oifocs. 
 
 Shakes}'. 
 Forc'd by thy worth, thy foe in death become. 
 Thy friend baslodg'd thee'in a costly tonrb. 
 
 Vrydens Fab. 
 Thy defects to know, 
 Make use of evVy friend, and every yoe. Pope. 
 
 3. An opponent ; an ill-wisher. 
 
 He that considers and enquires into the reason 
 of things, is counted a Joe to received doctrines. 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Fo'eman. n. s. [from foe and man.] 
 Knemy in war ; antagonist. An obsolete 
 word. 
 
 Here haunts that fiend, and does bis daily spoil; 
 Therefore henceforth be at your keeping well, 
 And ever ready for yourJt't'»i^rn ft II. Fairy Q. 
 
 What valiant_/()f7na?i, like to Autunni's corn. 
 Have we niow'd down in top of all their pride ? 
 Shakesp. Hen. VI. 
 
 FOETUS. 11. s. [Lat.] The child in the 
 womb after it i.s perfectly formed : but 
 before, it is called embrio. Qiiincy. 
 
 A fcetus, in tlie mother's womb, differs not 
 mucli from the state of a vegetable. Loekc. 
 
 FOG. n. s. [fog, Dan. a storm.] A 
 thick mist ; a moist dense vapour near 
 the surface of the land or water. 
 
 Infect her beauty. 
 You fensuck'<l_/liffs drawn by the pow'rful sun. 
 To fall and blast her pride. Shakesp. 
 
 Lesser mists and/igs than those which covered 
 Greece with so long darkness, presejit great alte- 
 rations in the sun and moon. Raleigh. 
 
 Fly, fly, propliane/i'igs.' far hence fly awav ; 
 Tiiin't no's the pure streams of the springing <5ay 
 With your dull influence ; it is for you 
 To sit'and scoule upon night's heavy brow. Crnsft. 
 
 Fogs we fre(pienlly observe after sutisetiing, 
 even in our hottest months. Woodward, 
 
 FOI 
 
 Fog. n. s. [fogagium, low Lat. Gramen 
 ill forista regis lotalur jx."0 fogagio. 
 Leges forest, Scotica;.] Aftergrass ; 
 grass which grows in Autumn after the 
 hay is mown. 
 
 Foggily. «</i». [from foggy.] Mistily; 
 darkly ; cloudily, 
 
 Fo'gginess. n. s. [frcm/oggy.] The 
 state of being dark or misty ; cloudi- 
 ness ; mistiness. 
 
 Fo'ggy. afJJ. [fvom fog.] 
 
 1 . Misty ; cloudy ; dank ; full of moist 
 vapours. 
 
 Alas ! wliile we are wrapt in foggy mist 
 Of our self-love, so jiassions do deceive. 
 We think they buit, wiien most they do assist. 
 
 Sidr.fif. 
 And Phoebus flying so, most shameful sight, 
 His blushing face hijoggy cloud iniplys. 
 And hides for shame. Spenser, 
 
 \ I beiice have they this mettle ? 
 Is not their climaW. foggy, raw and dull .•' 
 
 Shakesp. Henry V 
 As cleere Pbcebus, when simc J'oggy cloud 
 His brightnesse from the world a while doth 
 
 shruwd, 
 Dolli by degrees beginne to shew his light. Bro.[77, 
 Let n'ot air be subject to 3.ii^- foggy noisomencss, 
 fr.nn fens or marshes near aoioining. 
 
 IVotton s Architecture . 
 About IMicliaehuas, the weather fair, and by 
 no lueAiisfoggy, retire your rarest plants. 
 
 Evelyn s Kalendar. 
 
 2. Cloudy in understanding ; dull. 
 
 Foil inteiject. [from pah, Sax. an ene- 
 my.] An interjection of abhorrence : as 
 if one should at sight of any thing hate! 
 cry out ti foe ! 
 
 Not to aflect many proposed matches 
 Of Iter own clime, complexion and t!egree, 
 A\ hereto we see in all things nature tends, 
 Foh ! one may smell in such a will most rank. 
 Foul disproportions, thoughts uimaturai. Shakesp. 
 
 FOIBLE, n. s. [Fr.] A -weak side ; a 
 blind side ; a failing. 
 
 He new Ihefoihles of human nature. Friend. 
 
 The witty nien sometimes have sense enough to 
 know their nvinfoihle, and therefore they craftily 
 shun the attacks of argument. Il'atts s Logick. 
 
 To FOIL. 1). a. [.(/^o/crtowoimd, pldFr.] 
 
 1. To put to the worst ; to defeat ; though 
 without a complete victory. 
 
 .■Vmazement seiz'd 
 The rebel thrones ; but greater rage to see 
 Ihasfoil'd their mightiest. _ Milton, 
 
 Leader of those armies bright. 
 Which but th' omnipotent none could liave/oii'd! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Yet these subject not : I to thee disclose 
 What inward thence I feel, not therefore Jeii'rf : 
 Who meet with various objects, from the sense 
 Variously representing ; yet still free, 
 Aiiprove the best, and follow what I approve. 
 
 " Milton. 
 
 Strange, that your fingers should the pencil foil, 
 V\ ithout the help of colours or of oil I Waller. 
 
 He had been foiled in the cure, and had left it 
 to nature. H'iseinaii's Surgery. 
 
 In their conflicts with sin they have been so 
 often foiled, that they now despair of ever getting 
 the day. Calaniy's .Sernwtts. 
 
 Virtue, disdain, despair, I oft have "try'd ; 
 And, jijii'rf, have with new arms my foe defy'd. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 But I, the consort of the thunderer. 
 Have wag'd a long and unsuccessful war ; 
 With vdrious arts ati^l aims in vain liave toil'd. 
 And by a mortal man at length smfoil'd. Dryd. 
 
 2. [Fouilhr, Fr.] To blunt ; to dull. 
 
 Wlien light-wing'd toys 
 Of feather'd Cupid Jui(, with wanton dulness, 
 Mv speculative and offic'd instruments. Shakeip. 
 ' 740
 
 F O I 
 
 3. To defeat ; to puzzle. 
 
 Whilst I am following one character, I am 
 cross'd in my way by another, and put up sucli ii 
 variety of odd creatures in both sexes, that they 
 foil the scent of one another, and puzzle tlii' chace. 
 
 Addiiun. 
 
 Foil. w. s. [from ihe verb.] 
 
 1. A defeat ; a miscarriage ; an advantage 
 gained without a complete conquest. 
 
 We of thy cunninu hud no diffidence ; 
 One sudden_/lu( shall never breed distrust. Sliak. 
 
 \Vliu5oever overlhroweth his mate in such sort, 
 as that citlier his hack, or the one slinulder, and 
 contrary litel do tnucli the ground, shall be ae- 
 coiMitef! to L'ivc the fall : if he he endangered, and 
 make a narrow escape, it is call'd a_/iuL Carcw. 
 
 So after riiany ajoil the tempter proud, 
 Renewing fresh assaults, amidst his pride. 
 Fell wheiice he stood to see his victor fall. Milt. 
 
 When age sliall level me to impotence. 
 And sweating pleasure leave me on lUeJuil. 
 
 St'itthern, 
 
 Death never won a stake with greater toil, 
 Nor e'er was fate so near a foil. Uryden. 
 
 2. [Fcuil/c, Ft.] Leaf Rilding. 
 
 A stately palace, built of squared biick. 
 Which cunningly was without mortar laid, 
 W'hose walls were high, but nothing strong nor 
 
 thick. 
 And goldenjbii all over them display'd. Fairy Q. 
 
 Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil. 
 Nor in Ihe olistering/oii 
 Set off to til world, nor in broad rumour lies. 
 
 JUi((cWi. 
 
 3. Something of another colour near which 
 jewels are set to raise their lustre. 
 
 As she a black silk cap on him begun 
 To set (orfi-.il tif his milk-white to serve. Sidney. 
 
 Like bright metal on a sullen ground. 
 My reformation glittering o'er ray fault. 
 Shall shew more goodly, and attract more eyes. 
 Than that which hath uofoil to set it olf. Shalt. 
 
 The sullen pass.a£e of thy weary steps 
 Esteem -tifoilt wherein thou art to set 
 The precious jewel of thy iiome. Shakesp. 
 
 'Tis the property of all true diamonds to unite 
 the Jolt closely to itself, and thereby better aug- 
 ment its lustre; ihe foil is a mixture of mastich 
 and burnt ivory. Grew's Museum. 
 
 Hector has a /in7 to set him off; we opj)Ose the 
 
 incontinence of Paris to the temperance of Hector. 
 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 4. [From fouiller, Fr.] A blunt sword 
 used in fencing. 
 
 He that plays the king shall be welcome ; his 
 majesty shall have tribute of ine : the adventurous 
 knight shall use hhfoil and target. Sliakesi). 
 
 Fo'iLER. n. s. [from/oi7.] One who 
 has gained advantage over another. 
 
 To FOIN. v.n. [foindre, Fr. Skinner.] 
 To push in fencing. 
 
 He hew'd and lash'd, and foin'd, and thunder'd 
 bhiws, 
 Aiid every way did seek into his life ; 
 
 Ne plate, ne mail, could ward so mighty throws, 
 But yielded passage to his cruel knife. Fuiry Q. 
 
 He cares not what mischief he doth, if his 
 weapon be out : he will foin like any devil ; he 
 will spare neither man, woman, nor child. Shah. 
 
 Then both, no nionicnt lost, at once advance 
 Against each other, arm'd with sword and lance : 
 They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore 
 Their corslets, and the thinnest parts explore. Ur^. 
 
 FoiN. 71. s. [from the verb.] A thrust ; 
 a push. 
 
 Fo'iNiNGLY. adv. [from/o??2.] In a 
 punishing manner. 
 
 Fo'lSON. n. s. [poij-on, Sax.] Plenty ; 
 abundance. A word now out of use. 
 
 Pay justly thy tithes, whatsoever tliou he. 
 That (jod may in blessing iicnd foison to thee. 
 
 Tuss. 
 
 F O L 
 
 Be wilful to kill, and unskilful to store. 
 And look tor no fohon, I t'-ll thee before. Tusser. 
 
 Nature should bring forth, 
 Of its own kind, ixWfoison. all abundance, 
 To feed my innocent people. Shnhe^p. Ti-ntpest. 
 
 As those that feed grow full, rs blossoming tune 
 Tha' from tht- seedness the bare fallow brings 
 Tu tccwuufij'iiison ; so her pl<^ntcouH womb 
 Expresaetb his full tilth and husbandry-. Shakesp. 
 
 To Foist, v. a. [fausser, Tr.] To in- 
 sert by \nrgery. 
 
 Lost negiii^^'nce or partiality mieht admit or 
 J'oiH in abiisi.*s and corrnpliun. an ardidcuCtai was 
 api>ointed to taku account of thfir iloi..^s. Carew. 
 
 Foriie law, aiid/x'.st it inio s . ... t>. -pl.ice 
 Of some olil rotten roll. Drydens Don Seoastian. 
 
 Foi'sTiNESS. 71 s. [fi'oxa foist 1/.] Fus- 
 tiness ; uiouldiness. 
 
 Dress mustard, and lay it in cellar up sweet, 
 l^atjuistincss make it for table unmeet. Tusser. 
 
 Fo'iSTY. adj. [See Fusty.] Mouldy ; 
 
 fusty. 
 FOLD. n. s. [paliv&, pal^. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The groutid in which sheep are con- 
 fined. 
 
 His eyes be open'd, and bcbeld a field 
 Part arJihle and tlltli ; whereon were sheaves 
 New reau'd : the other part, sheepwalks and i'oids. 
 "^ MUton, 
 
 In thy book, record their groans, 
 Who were thy sheep, and in their ancient/iW 
 Slain. Milum. 
 
 2. The place were sheep are housed. 
 
 Time drives the flocks from field to/old. 
 When rivers rage and rocks grow cold ; 
 And Philomel hecomcth dumb, 
 And all complain of cares to come, Raleigh. 
 
 3. The flock of sheep. 
 
 And this you see I scarcely drag along. 
 Who yeaiii'ii: on the rocks has left her young, 
 The hope and promise of my {aiViugJold. Dryden. 
 
 4. A. limit ; a boundary. 
 
 Secure from meeting, they're distinctly roll'd ; 
 Nor leave their seats, and pass the dreadfulyiiW. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 5. [From pilo, Sax.] A double ; a com- 
 plication ; an involution ; one part ad- 
 ded to another ; one part doubled upon 
 another. 
 
 She in tliis trice of time 
 Commits a thing so monstrous, to dismantle 
 So m:\nyfolds of favour ! Sh(tkesj\.KiiigT.ear. 
 
 The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrowled 
 in a number ofjolds of linen, besmeared with 
 gums. Bacons Kiittiral Ilistoru. 
 
 Not with indented wave, the serpent then 
 Prone on the ground, as since , but on his rear 
 Circular base of \is'mgfolds, that lower'd 
 Fold above fold, a surging maze ! Milton. 
 
 Let the (frai erie.$ he nobly spread upon the bo- 
 dy, and let \h<.^ foils be large ; the t>arts should be 
 often traversed by the flowing of the^/oW-S. Dryd. 
 
 With fearanrl wonder seiz'd, tlie crowd beholds 
 The gloves of death with seven distinguisii'd /i'W.s 
 Of lougli bull hides. Dryden's ^irg. ^-Eu. 
 
 The inward cuat of a lion's stomach has strong- 
 er _/^*W,s tliHU a human, but in other things not 
 much difl'erent. Arhuilnnit. 
 
 G, From the foregoing; sioni^cation is de- 
 rived the use of /old in composition. 
 Fold signifies the same quantity added : 
 as two fold, twice the quantity; twtnti/ 
 fold, twenty limes repeated. 
 
 But other fell into good ground, and brought 
 fortli fruit ; soiue an hundred fold, iome sixty fold, 
 soLue thirty fold. Matt. 
 
 At last appear 
 Hell bounds high reaching to the Imrrid roof, 
 And thrice three J'old ihe gaies : three J olds w eve 
 
 brass. 
 Three iron, three of adnmanline rock. Milton. 
 
 Their martyr'd blood and ashes sow 
 O'er all th' Italian fields, where still doth sway 
 
 F O L 
 
 The triple tyrant ; that from these may grow 
 A hundredfold. M'Uior 
 
 To KoLD. f. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. 'I'o shut sheep in the fold. 
 The star that hids the shepherd yiiW, 
 
 Now the top rif heav'n doth hold. Milton. 
 
 \\ e see that llu: Jolding of nhecp helps ground, 
 a3 well by their warinlli a^ by their compost. 
 
 Bacon. 
 She in pens his flocks wiH^bW, 
 And then proiiiice her dairy store, 
 
 \\'ilh wiae to drive away the cold, 
 Ai)d uhhouyht ilaiiities of the poor. Urydcn's Hir. 
 
 2. [palisan. Sax ] To double ; to com- 
 plicate. 
 
 As a vesture shall than fold them up. Heh. i.l!. 
 
 Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a Vm\v fottKne 
 of the hands to sleep. Proa. vi. 10. 
 
 I'hey be folden together as thorns. A'u/i. i. 10. 
 
 I have seen tier rise from her bed, unlock her 
 closet, take forth paper, /liW it, write upon't, read 
 it, seal it, and again return to bed. Shakesp. 
 
 Conscious of its own impotence, it folds its arms 
 ill despair, and sits cursing in a corner. Collier. 
 
 iioih furl their sails, and strip them for the 
 (it;ht ; 
 Theirji)ii7e(i sheets dismiss the useless air. Dryd, 
 
 3. To inclose; to include ; to shut. 
 
 \\ e will descend and fold him in our arms. Shuk. 
 
 Witness my son, now in the shade of death, 
 U hose briiilu oiitshiinng beams tliy cloudy wrath 
 Hath in eternal darkness^iiWcfi up. Shakesy. 
 
 The fires i' th' lowest lieUfold in the people ! 
 
 Shakesp. Cof'iol. 
 
 To Fold. v. n. To close over another of 
 tlie same kind ; to join with another of 
 the same kind. 
 
 The two leaves of the one door were folding, 
 
 and the two leaves of the other door were jfi>Wiiij. 
 
 1 Kings, vi. 34. 
 
 FOLIA'CEOUS. adj. [foliaceus, from 
 folium, Lat.] Consisting of laminw or 
 leaves. 
 
 A piece of another, consisting of an outer crust, 
 of a ruddy talky spar, and a blue talky Joliaceon* 
 spar. n oodu-urd on Foss. 
 
 Foliage, n. s. [faiium, Lut. ftuillage, 
 Fr.] Leaves ; tufts of leaves : the ap- 
 parel of le.ives to a plant. 
 
 The great columns arc finely engraven with 
 fruits and Jii/idje, that run twisting about lliem 
 from tlie very lo,> tu the bottom. AdJistn. 
 
 When swelling buds llieir nd'rous /Wiage shea, 
 .^nd gently harden into fruit, tlie wise 
 Spare not the little olfsprings, if lliey grow 
 Redundant. Phihpi. 
 
 T" Fo'liate. I', a. [fnliatus, folium, 
 Lat.] 'I'o beat into laminw or leaves. 
 
 a u\d foliated, or any metal /i'/iatt'd, cleavcih. 
 
 Bacon. 
 If gold bc/r)/iu(crf, and held between your eyes 
 and the light, the light looks of a greeni'sh blue. 
 
 A'eatim's Opt. 
 
 Folia'tion. n. s. [foliatio, folium, Lit.] 
 
 1 . Tlie act of beating into thin leaves. 
 
 2. Foliation is one of the parts of the flow- 
 er, being the collection of those fugaci- 
 ous coloured leaves called pctala, which 
 constitute the compass of the flower ; 
 and sometimes guard the fruit which 
 succeeds the foliation, as in apples and 
 pears, and sometimes stand within it, 
 as in cherries and apricots ; for these, 
 being tender and pulpoiis, and coming 
 forth in tlie Spring, woukl be injured 
 by the weather, if they wet e not lodged 
 up within their flowers. Qiiinci/. 
 
 FoLlATURE. Ji.s. [from /r)//HHi, Lat.] 
 The slate of being hammered into 
 leaves. Diet. 
 
 741
 
 F O L 
 
 FO'LIO. n.s. [in folio, Lat.] A large 
 book of which the pages are formed by 
 a sheet of paper once doubled. 
 
 Pluml)inu3 and Plumeo made less progress iti 
 knowledge, tllnugli they had read over more J'n- 
 lios. ]Vutls on the Min<l. 
 
 Fo'liomort. adj. [folium mortuum, Lat.] 
 A dark yellow ; the colour of a leaf 
 faded : vulgarly called philomot. 
 
 A flinty pebble was of a d.irk green colour, and 
 the exteriour cortex of aJoUom'irt colour. 
 
 Woodward oil Fossils. 
 
 FOLK. n. s. [pole, Sax. volk, Dut. ; it is 
 properly a noun collective, and has no 
 plural but by modern corruption.] 
 
 1. People, in familiar language. 
 
 Never troubling liim, either with asking ques' 
 tions, or finding fault with his melancholy, but 
 ratlier fitting to his dolor dolorous discourses of 
 their own and otlier^t»//£'5 misfortune. Sidnejj. 
 
 Dorilaus having married his sister, had liis 
 marriage in short time blest, for so are folic wttnx 
 to say, how uiihjppy so ever the children after 
 grow, with a son. . Sidnty. 
 
 When with greatest art lie spoke, 
 Yru'd think he talk'd like other folk; 
 For all a rhetorician's rules 
 Teach nothing but to name his tools. Hudibras, 
 
 2. Nations ; mankind. 
 
 Ihou sh;dt judge tliejolk rightc(ms!y, and go- 
 vern the nations upon earth. Fsalii.s. 
 
 i^. Any kind of people as discriminated 
 from others. 
 
 The river Ihrice hath flow'd, no ebb between ; 
 And the old Ji)//c, time's doting chronicles. 
 Say it did so a little time before. Sliakesp. 
 
 Anger is a kind of baseness: as it appeals 
 well in the weakness of children, women, old 
 Jitlks, and sick folks. iiatow. 
 
 4 It is now used only in familiar or bur- 
 lesque language. 
 
 Old good man Dubson of the green, 
 Remembers he the tree has seen. 
 And goes \\]\Ufolks to shew the sight. Swijt. 
 
 He walk'd and wiue a threadbare cloak ; 
 He din'd and supp'd at charge of other folk. 
 
 Swift. 
 Fo'lkmote. n. s. [from folk and mole.] 
 
 'J'hose hills were appointeii f.^r two special uses, 
 and built by two seveia' nations: the one is that 
 which 3'ou call folkmotes, built by the Saxons, 
 and signifies in the Saxon a meeting (»f folk. 
 
 Upeiuer on Ireland. 
 Fo'llicle. n. s. [foUiculus, Lat.] 
 1 . A cavity in any body with strong coats. 
 Although there he no eniinelit and circular 
 follicle, no romid bag or vesicle, which long con- 
 taineth this humour; yet is there a nianif-st re- 
 ceptacle of choler from the liver into the guts. 
 
 2. Follicle is a term in botany, signifying 
 seed-vessels, capsula seminalis, or case, 
 which some fruits and seeds have over 
 them ; as that of the alkengi, pedicu- 
 laris, &c. Qiiiiici/. 
 
 To FO'LLOW. V. a. [polgian, Sax. ; vol- 
 gen, Dut.] 
 
 1. To go after; not before, or sitle by side. 
 
 I had rather, forsooth, go before 3'ou like a man, 
 
 Shake. 
 
 sp. 
 
 Milton. 
 Milton. 
 
 tiinn follow him like a dwarf. 
 
 Him and all his train 
 Follow'd in bright procession, to behold 
 Creation, and the woiders of his might. 
 
 What could I do, 
 }i\it follow strait, invisibly thus led ? 
 
 2. To pursue as an enemy ; to chase. 
 
 \N here ranks fell thickest was indeed the place 
 To seek Sebastian, tltrough a track of death ; 
 1 follow'd him by groans of dying foes. Vryd. 
 
 3. To accompany ; not to forsake. 
 
 Yet doubt not but in valley antl in plain 
 God is as here, and will be found alike 
 
 F O L 
 
 Present, and of Iiis pres^ence many a sign 
 Still ^i)//auj/?io' tliee, still coiii|)nssiiig tlite round 
 With goodness and paternal love, his face 
 Express, and of hj-i steps ifie track divine. M'dt. 
 
 Up lie rode, 
 Follow'd with acclaiiiatiun and the sound 
 Syniphonious often thousand harps that tun'd 
 Angelic harmonies. MUton. 
 
 4. To attend as a dependant. 
 
 And the three eldest sons of Jesse went n,ni} fol- 
 lowed Saul to the battle. I. Sa7nu€l. 
 
 Let not the muse then flatter lawless sway, 
 ^or follow fortune where she leads the way. Pope. 
 
 5. To go after, as a teacher. 
 Not yielding over to old age his country de- 
 lights, he was at that time following a merlin. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Some pious tears the pitying hero paid, 
 And follow'd with Ids eyes the fleeting shade. 
 
 Dri/dens ^'neid. 
 We follow fate, which does too fast pursue. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 G. To succeed in order of time. 
 
 Such follow him as shall he registered, 
 Part good, part bad, of bad the longer scroll. 
 
 Mdton. 
 Signs following signs, lead on the raiglity year. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 7. To be consequential in argument, as 
 effects to causes, 
 
 I laugh, when those who at tlie spear are hold 
 And veiit'rous, if that fall them, shrink and fear 
 What yet they know niust^Li/Zou', to endure 
 Kxile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain. Milton. 
 
 8. 'Vo imitate ; to copy as a pupil ; or to 
 be of an opinion or party. 
 
 Where R >me kteptth that wliich is ancienter 
 and better, others, whom we much more atl'ect, 
 leaving it for iiewrr, and changing it for wurse, 
 we had rather follow the perfections of them 
 
 whom we like not, than in defects resemble tliem 
 
 whom we love. Hooker. 
 
 Ill patterns are sure to be followed more than 
 
 good rules. Locke. 
 
 0. To obey ; to observe, as a guide or di- 
 rection. 
 
 If all who do n<i\. follow oral tradition as their 
 oid3- rule of f-iilli are mit of the church, then all 
 who follow the council of Trent are no christians. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 Most men admire 
 Virtue, who follow not her laws. Par. Regairtd. 
 
 Fair virtue, should {follow thee, 
 1 should be naked and alone. 
 
 For thou art not in company. 
 And scarce art to be founrl in one. "Evelyn. 
 
 10. To pursue as an object of desire. 
 
 Follow peact; with all men. HLbrews. 
 
 Follow lu.'t lliat which is evil. John. 
 
 11. 'Jo confirm by new endeavours; to 
 keep up indefatigably. 
 
 Thev hound them>><-lves to his laws and obedi- 
 ence ;arid in case it liad beenfotloued upon them, 
 as it should have been, lliey sliould have been re- 
 lUited to (lerpetiiai civility. Sfjeiiser. 
 
 12. To attend to; to be busied with. 
 
 He that tindertakfth and follotceth otlier n^en's 
 business for gain, shall f^ll into suits, Ecclus. 
 
 To Fo'llow. v. n, 
 
 \ . To come after another. 
 
 The famine shall/ii/Ztiu' close after you. Jer. 
 
 Welcome all that lead urjollow 
 To the oracle of Ap;-llo. Ben Jon&on. 
 
 2. To attend servilely. 
 
 Such smiling rogues as these sooth every passion. 
 That in the nature of their lords rebels ; 
 As knowing nought, like dogs, but Jollowing. 
 
 Shakesp, King Lear. 
 
 3. To be posteriour in time. 
 
 4. To be consequential, as effect lo cause. 
 
 If tlie neglect or abuse of liberty to examine 
 what would really and truly make for his happi- 
 ness mislead hiai, the miscarriages that follow on 
 it must be imputed to his own election. Locke. 
 
 F O L 
 
 To tempt them to do wliat is neither for their 
 
 own nor the good of those under their care, great 
 nmxhiefs cannot hutfollow. Locke. 
 
 5. To be consequential, as inference to 
 premises. 
 
 Though there are or have been sometimes 
 dwarfs, and somelimts gijints in the world ; yet 
 It does nut follow thai there must be such in every 
 age, nor in every country. Temple. 
 
 Dangerous doctrine must necessarily Joliow, 
 from making all political power to be nothing 
 else out Adam's paternal power. Locke, 
 
 G. To continue endeavours ; to persevere 
 
 Then shall we know, if we follow on to know 
 the Lord. Hosea 
 
 Follower. 7i. s. [^vom foUoiv.'] 
 
 1. One who comes after another ; not be- 
 fore him, or side by side. 
 
 Little gallant, you were wuut to be a follower ; 
 but now you are a leader ; u hcther had you ra- 
 ther lead mine eyes, or eye your master's heeis? 
 Hhakesp. Mtny Hives tf Windsor, 
 No stop, no stay, but clouds of saiMl arise, 
 Spurn'd and cast backward on thejollower's eyes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. One who observes a guide or leader. 
 
 The understanding that should be e\estothe 
 blind faculty of the will, ia blind itself; and so 
 britigs all the iuconveniencies that attend a blind 
 follower, under the conduct of a blind guide. 
 
 Soulh'a Sermons 
 
 3. An attendant or dependant. 
 
 No follower, but a friend. Pcpt. 
 
 4. An associate ; or companion. 
 
 How accompanied, can'st thou tell tliat .'' 
 — ■* ith Poins, and other his C'yutluudi followers. 
 
 Shaie.p. Hcitrij IV, 
 
 5. One under the command of another. 
 
 I hold it no wisdom to leave unto the Irish 
 ciiiefs too much coiinnand over liieir kiiuhed, but 
 rather withdraw t\\(i'\T follouers from them as much 
 as may be, and gather them under the conimatid 
 of law. Spenstr\ State if Ireland, 
 
 And forc'd ..^i^neas, when his ships weie hjsl, 
 To leave \i\i)J'ollowersun a foreign co.ist. Drttd.^n* 
 (>, A scholar ; an imitator ; a copier. 
 
 he yti J ollowers of me, even as I am nl Christ, 
 
 1 Corinthians. 
 
 The true profession of Christianity inviuIablT 
 engages all itifoilowers to do good to ijll men. 
 
 Spratt's 6trmons. 
 
 "Every one's idea of identity will not be the 
 same that Pythagoias and thousands of his fol' 
 lowers have, Locke, 
 
 The church of Smyrna professed they worthily 
 loved the martyrs, as tin disciiJes a.ut\ followers 
 of our Lord ; and because of their exceednit; great 
 art'ection to their king and their master. Nelson. 
 
 The studious head or gen'rous mind, 
 F"()/^nrpr of God, or friend uf human kind, 
 Pnet or patriot, rose but to restore 
 'The faith and moral nature gave before. Pope. 
 
 7. One of the same faction or party. 
 
 Fo'lly. 71. S- [foliey Fr.] 
 
 J, Want of understanding; weakness of 
 
 intellect. 
 
 This hfolly, childhood's guide. 
 This is cliihUiood at her side. Hawhswm'th, 
 
 2. Criminal weakness ; depravity of mind. 
 Think'st lliou, tliat duly should have dread to 
 
 speak, 
 When pow'r to flattery bows ? To plainness 
 
 liunour 
 Is bound, when majesty to folly falls. Shakesp, 
 
 3. Act of negligence or passion unbecom- 
 ing gravity or deep wisdom. In this 
 sense it has a plural. 
 
 Love is blind, and lovers cannot see 
 The prettvj(i//ies lliat themselves commit; 
 For if they cuuld, Cupid himself would blush 
 To see nie tims transformed into a boy. Shakesp. 
 
 Thy hum'rous vein, thy pleasing^tt/fj/. 
 Lies all neglected, all forgot. p7W. 
 
 Leave such to trifle with more grace and case. 
 Whom fully pleases, or whose /bi/ies please. Pope. 
 
 74,2
 
 FON 
 
 To FOME'NT. r. a. [fomentor, Lat 
 Jomenitr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To cherish \\\xh heat. 
 
 Every kind that lives. 
 Fomented by his virtual power, and warra'd. MiU. 
 
 2. To bathe with warm lotions. 
 
 \it JomenUd ilie head with opiates to procure 
 sleep, and a solution of opium in water \o fomtnt 
 the forehead. Arl/uthnot. 
 
 3. To encourage ; to support ; to cherish, 
 
 Thfy love their givinirs, ■.iw\Joment iheir deeds 
 no ies5 than )>arcnt>> do their cliildren. Wotton. 
 
 Blame then thyself, as reason's law requires. 
 Since nature gave, and thou foment' m my fires. 
 
 Diyden. 
 Tliev are troubled with those ill humours, which 
 they li.craselves infused miAJomented In them. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Foment A'xroN. n. s. [fomentation, Fr. 
 from Jo mtnt] 
 
 1. A fomentation is partial bathing, called 
 also stuping, which is applying hot flan- 
 nels to any part, clipped in medicated 
 decoctions, Avherehy the steams breathe 
 into the parts, and discuss obstructed 
 humours. Quincy. 
 
 ftrnje/ifafioncalleth forth the humour by vapours; 
 but yet, in regard of the way made b^- the poultis, 
 draweth gently the humours out ; for it is a gentle 
 foment tU ton, and hath withal a mixture of some 
 stuf/efactive. Baden's Xatural Histoiy. 
 
 2. I'he lotion prepared to foment the parts. 
 
 The medicines wtre prepared by tlie physici- 
 ans, and the lotions or funentations by the nurses. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 Fome'nter. w. s. [from/omf?i^] One 
 that foments ; an encourager ; a sup- 
 porter. 
 
 These fatal distemf>ers, as they did much hurt 
 to liie budy politick, at h-'iiie, being like humours 
 stirred in "the natural without evacuation, so did 
 they produce disadvantageous effects abroad ; and 
 better iiad it been, that the raisers and fomenters 
 of them had never sprung up. Hoicei. 
 
 FoN. n.s. [Scott. A word now obsolete.] 
 A fool ; an idiot. 
 
 Sicker I hold him for a gre-dter fon. 
 That love's the thing he cannot purchase.Spe?iser. 
 
 FOVD. n. s. [Jon, Scott. A word of 
 which I have found no satisfactory ety- 
 mology. To forme is in Chaucer to 
 doat, to be foolish.] 
 
 1, Fo()lish ; silly; indiscreet; imprudent; 
 injudicious. 
 
 That the Grecians or Gentiles ever did think it 
 sfond or unlikely way to seek men's conversion 
 by sermons, weliave not hearti. Hooker. 
 
 He was beaten out of all love of learning by a 
 fona sch"ol-master. Aschunu 
 
 Tell these sad women, 
 Tis fond to wail inevitable strokes, 
 As tis to laugh at them. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Grant I niay never prove sofond 
 1o trust man oa his oath or btmd. Shakesp. Tlmon. 
 
 I am weaker than a wnniaii's tear. 
 Tamer than sleep, ^oM^er than ii^norance. SJiakesp. 
 
 Fond thoughts may fall into some idle braiii ; 
 But one belief of all, is ever wise. Davies. 
 
 Thou see'st 
 How subtly to detain thee I devise. 
 Inviting thee to hear while I relate ; 
 Fo%d ! were it not in hupe of thy reply. Milton. 
 
 S^ij'ond are mortal men, 
 FaH'n into wrath divine. 
 
 As their own ruin on themselves t' invite. Milt. 
 ^ Twas not revenge for gricv'd Apollo's wrong 
 Those ass's ears on Midas' temple hung ; 
 B' Xfond rfpentance of his happy wish. Waller, 
 
 ^ But reason with your fond religion fights ; 
 /or many guds are'many iiilinites. Dryden. 
 
 This hfond, because it is the way to cheat thy- 
 self. TillotsJn. 
 
 2. Trifling; valued by folly. 
 
 FON 
 
 Not with_/^W shekles of the tested gold, 
 Or stones, whose rate are either rich or poor 
 As fancy values them. Shakesp. Meas.for Mi:as. 
 
 3. Foolishly tender; injudiciously indul- 
 gent. 
 
 I'm a foolish fond wife. Adduon. 
 
 Like Venus I'll shine, 
 Be^u«d and be fine. Addison. 
 
 4. Pleased in too great a degree ; foolish- 
 ly delighted : with of. 
 
 Fame is in itself a real good, if we may believe 
 Cicero, who was perhaps loajond oj it. Dryden. 
 
 l,Jond (^ my well-choscn seat, 
 My |)ictures, niedals, books complete. Prior. 
 
 Some are so Jond to know a great deal at once, 
 and love to talk of things with freedom and bold- 
 ness before they thoroughly understand them. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 To Fond. 1 v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 To Fo'ndle. ) treat with great indul- 
 gence ; to caress ; to cocker. 
 
 Howe'er unjust 3-our jealousy appear, 
 Tt does my pity, not my anger move ; 
 I'll fond it as the froward child of love. Dryden. 
 
 When midst the fervour of the feast. 
 The Tyrian hugs, andj'onds thee on her breast. 
 And with sweet kisses in her arms constrains. 
 Thou may'st infuse the venom in her veins. Dry. 
 
 They a're allowed to kiss the child at meeting 
 and parting ; but a professor, who alv%ays stands 
 by, will not suffer them to use any /unti/mg ex- 
 pressions. Suift. 
 
 To Fond. r. n. To be fond of; to be in 
 love with ; to doat on. 
 How will this fadge? My master loves her 
 dearly ; 
 And I, poor monster,/rtnrf as much on him ; 
 And shv, mistaken, seems to doat on me. Shakesp. 
 
 FoNDLER. n.s, [from fond-l One who 
 
 fondles. 
 
 Fondling, n. s. [from fondle.] A 
 person or thing much fondled or cares- 
 sed ; something regarded with great 
 affection. 
 
 Partiality in a parent is commonly unlucky ; 
 for J'ondlings are in danger to be made fools, and 
 the children that are least cockered make the best 
 and wi>e>t men. U Estrange. 
 
 The bent of our own minds may favour any 
 opinion or action, that may shew it to be ?l fond- 
 ling of our ow n. Locke. 
 
 Any body would have guessed miss to have 
 been bred up under a cruel stepdame, and John to 
 be \\\fi fondling of a tender mother. Arbath.J. Bull. 
 
 Bred d fondling and an heiress, 
 Dress'd like any lady may'ress ; 
 Cocker'd by the servants round. 
 Was too good to touch the ground, Swijt, 
 
 Fo'ndly. adv. [from fond.] 
 
 1, Foolishly; weakly; imprudently; in- 
 judiciously. 
 
 JMcst shallowly did yon these arms commence, 
 i'V/i'/Zj/ brought here, and foolishly sent hence. SAa/c 
 
 Sorrow and grief of heart 
 IMakes him speak fondtu, likea fraiitick man. Sfta/:. 
 
 Ficiuus /i>m//i/ adviseth, for the prolongation of 
 life, that a vein be opened in the arm of some 
 ■wholesome young man, and the blood to be 
 sucked. Bacon. 
 
 The military mound 
 The British Hies transcend, in evil hour 
 For their proud foes, that tondly brav'd their fate. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 Some valuing tho«e of their own side or mind. 
 Still make themselves the measure of mankind : 
 Fondly we think we merit honour then, 
 _ \^'hen we but praise nur-^elves in other men Pope. 
 
 Under those sacred leaves, secure 
 From ciimmon lightning of the skies. 
 
 He fond I u thought he migiit endure 
 The ria^hes of .\rdclia's eyes. Swift. 
 
 2. With ffreat or extreme tenderness. 
 
 FOO 
 
 Zv'n before the fatal engine clos'd, 
 A wretched sylph tooj'onaly interpos'd : 
 Fate urg'd the sheers, and cut the sylph in twain 
 ■* Pope. 
 
 Fondly or severely kind. Savage. 
 
 Fo'ndness. n. s. [from fond.] 
 1. Foolishness ; weakness ; want of sense ; 
 want of judgment. 
 
 Fondness it were f.r any, being free. 
 To covet fetters, though they goldea be. Spatter. 
 '2. Foolish tenderness. 
 
 My heart had stillsome foolishybrufn«ss for thee ; 
 But hence ! 'tis gone : I give it to the vi'mdi.Adis. 
 
 Hopeless mother ! 
 ^VhoseyOTM^nfss could compare her mortal offspring 
 To those which fair Latona bore to Jove. Prior. 
 
 3. Tender passion. 
 
 Your jealousy perverts my meaning still; 
 ]\Iy very hate is coiistcaedinto_/im(in«j.XPAi/Jps. 
 
 Coriiuia, with that youthful air. 
 Is thirty, and a bit to s, are : 
 Her Jond Jiess for a certain earl 
 Bfgati when 1 was but a girl. Swift. 
 
 4. Unreasonable liking. 
 
 They err that either through indulgence to 
 others, or^andneis to any sin in themselves, sub- 
 stitute for reneatance any thing that is less than 
 a sincere resolution of new obedience, attended 
 with faithful endeavour, and meet fruits of this 
 change. Hammond. 
 
 FoNE, n.s. Plural of /bf. Obsolete. 
 
 A barbaious troup of ciownish/one. Spenstr, 
 
 Font. «. s, \ fons, Lat. fonte, Fr.] A 
 stone vessel in Avhich the water for holy 
 baptism is contained in the church. 
 
 The presenting of infants at the holy^bnf is by 
 their godfathers. Hooker^ 
 
 I have no name, no title ; 
 No, not that name was given me at ihefont.Stak. 
 
 Fo'ntanel. 71. s. [fontanelhj Fr.] An 
 
 issue ; a discharge opened in the body. 
 
 A person plethorick, subject to hot defluiiona, 
 
 was advised to a^inUanW In herarm.U'isfm.ii/Tn/i. 
 
 FOIKTA'^GE. n. s. [from the name of 
 the first wearer.] A knot of ribbands 
 on the top of the head-dress. Out of 
 
 use. 
 
 Those old-fashioned f(?nfang« rose an ell above 
 the head : they were |3ointei.l like steeples, and 
 bad long loose (tieces of crape, which were fringed, 
 and hung down their backs. Adation. 
 
 FOOD. n. s. [pceban. Sax. veeden, Dut. 
 to feed ; feed, Scott] 
 
 1, Victuals ; provision for the mouth. 
 
 On my knees I beg, 
 That you'll vouchsafe me raiment, bed, and^ixvi. 
 
 Shakesp 
 Much food is in the tillage of the poor. 
 
 Prcv. xiii. ?3. 
 Undt r ray lowly roof thou hast vouchsaf d 
 To enter, and these earthly fruits to taste j 
 Food not of angels, yet accepted so. 
 As that more willingly thou could*st not seem 
 At heav'n's high feasts t' have fed. Milton. 
 
 They give usfojd, which ma^- with nectar vie. 
 And w'ax that docs the absent sun supply. ira//cr. 
 
 2. Any thing that nourishes. 
 
 Give ine some umsick : musick, moody ^oixi 
 Of us that trade in love. Shakesp. Ant. and Cteop. 
 
 O dear sm Edgar, 
 The ftwrf of thy abused father's wrath. 
 Might I but live to see thee in mv touch, 
 I'd say, I had eyes again. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Foo'dful. adf\ [food and full.] Fruit- 
 ful; full of food; plenteous. 
 
 There Tityus was to see, who took his birth 
 From heav'n, his nursing from ihefoodful earth. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 Foo'dy. adj, [from food.] Eatable ; 
 fit for woofU 
 
 743
 
 F O O 
 
 To vessels, wine she drew ; 
 And into well scw'd sacks pour'dyborfj/ meal. CAup. 
 
 FOOL. n. s, [ffol, Welch ; fol, Island- 
 ick ; >/, Fr.] 
 
 1 One to whom nature has denied rea- 
 son ; a natural ; an idiot. 
 
 Do'st t!iou call me fool, boy ? 
 —Ail thy oilier lilies thuu hast given away that 
 thou wiibt born with. Shukesp. King Lear. 
 
 The fool multitude, that chuse by show, 
 N(.t learning more than the fond eye doth teach, 
 Which pry nnt to the interior. AViit^ Merck, if Yen 
 
 It may be asked, whether the clde>t son, btint.' 
 A fool, shall iiilierit paternal power before tht; 
 younger, a wise man. Locke. 
 
 He thanks his stars he was not born a, fool. Pope. 
 
 2. [In Scripture.] A wicked man. 
 
 The fool hath said in his heart there is no G»)d. 
 Psalm \iv. 1. 
 
 3. A term of indignity and reproach. 
 
 To be thought knowing, you must llrst put the 
 Jool upon all mankind. Drydeu's Jnocwil. Preface. 
 
 4. One who counterfeits folly ; a buffoon ; 
 a jester, 
 
 Where's my knave, my fool ! Go yon, and call 
 my fool hitlier. Skukesp. King Lear. 
 
 1 scorn, although their drudge, to be thfir fool 
 or Jester. Milion. 
 
 If this disguise sit not naturally on so grave a 
 person, yet it may become him better thnn that 
 Jool's coat. Deufiam. 
 
 5. To play the fool. To play pranks like 
 a hired jester ; to jest ; to make sport. 
 
 I returning where I left his armour, found ano- 
 ther instead thereof, and armed myself tlierein to 
 l}lay thefooL Sidney. 
 
 6. To play thefooL To act like one void 
 of common understanding, 
 
 Weil, thus we iday thefool with the time, and 
 the spirits of the wise sit in tiie clouds and mock 
 us. Shakes}). Henry IV. 
 
 Is it worth the name of freedom to be at liberty 
 to play thefool, and draw shame and misery upun 
 a man's self? Locke. 
 
 7. To make a fool of. To disappoint ; to 
 defeat. 
 
 'Twere as good a deed as to drink when a man's 
 
 a-hungry, to challenge him to the field, and then 
 
 to break promise with hira, and make a fool of' him. 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 To Fool, v, w, [from the noun.] To 
 trifle ; to toy ; to play ; to idle ; to sport. 
 
 I, in this kind of merry _/i)o//Ho-, am nothinn to 
 you ; so you may continue and lau";h at nothing 
 still. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Fool not ; for all may iiave, 
 If they dare try, a glorious life, a grave. Herhert. 
 
 Ifyou have the luck to be court-fi.ols, those 
 that have either wit or honesty, you may /lip/ 
 withal, and spare not, DenJutm. 
 
 It must be an industrious youth that provides 
 ag linst age ; and he ih^tfools away the one, must 
 either beg or starve in the other. L'Kstrunge. 
 
 He must be happy that knows the true mea- 
 sures o( fooling. VEstrange. 
 
 is tliis a time tor fooling ? Vryden. 
 
 To Fool, v, a. 
 
 1, To treat with contempt ; to disappoint; 
 to frustrate ; to defeat. 
 
 And sliall it in more shame be further spoken, 
 That you are fool'd, discarded, and shook off ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Him over-weaning 
 To over-reach ; but with the serpent meeting, 
 Fooid and begnJI'd. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 If men loved to be deceived and fooled about 
 their spiritual estate, they cannot take a surer 
 course lh:ni by taking their neighbour's word for 
 that, which can be known only from their own 
 heart. South. 
 
 When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat ; 
 Jot fool'd with hope, men favour the deceit. Dry. 
 
 F () o 
 
 I'm tir'd with waiting for this chemick gold, 
 \A h'lch fools us young, and beggars us when old. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 I would advise this blinded set of men not to 
 g've credit to lliose, by wliom they have been so 
 oden fooled and imposed upon.Jf/t/f.su/i's Freehold. 
 
 2. 'Jo infatuate ; to make foolish. 
 
 If it be you that stir these daughters hearts 
 Against their father, /iwi me not so much 
 To bear it tamely'. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 When I am read, thou feign'sl a weak applause. 
 As if thuu wert my fiiend, but lackcst a cause : 
 
 I'lii? but thy judiiment /(»i'fe ; the other way 
 Would both tliy fully and thy spite betray. B./on. 
 
 It were an handsome [ilot, 
 But full of difficnities, and uncertain ; 
 And he's sofnoid with downriglit honesty, 
 He'll ne'er believe it. Denhani's Sophy. 
 
 A long and eternal adieu to all unlawful plea- 
 sures : 1 will no longer befooled or imposed upon 
 by ihein. Calamys Sermons. 
 
 A boor of Holland, whose cares of growing still 
 richer and richer, perhaps Jiio/ him so far as to 
 niake him enjoy less in his riches than others in 
 poverty. Temple. 
 
 3. To cheat : as, to fool one of his money. 
 Foo'lborn. flc//. [fool and bor?i.] Fool- 
 ish from the birth. 
 
 Reply not to me with afonlborn^est.Shak.H.lV. 
 Foo'lery. 71. s. [i'romfool.] 
 J. Habitual foliy. 
 
 Foolery, Sir, does walk abimt the orb like the 
 snn ; it shines every where : I would be sorry, Sir, 
 but the fool should be as oft with your master as 
 with my mistress. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 2. An act of folly ; trifling practice. 
 
 It is meeryoo/ery to multiply distinct particulars 
 in treating of things, where the diifeience lies only 
 in words. Waits. 
 
 3, Object of folly. 
 
 That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus believed 
 in any of i\iese fooleries, it cannot be suspected. 
 Raleigh's History. 
 
 We are transported w'\th fooleries, which, if we 
 understood, we should despise. U Estrayige. 
 
 Fool-ha'ppy, adj. [fool and happy] 
 Lucky without contrivance or judg- 
 ment. 
 
 As when a ship, that flies fair under sail, 
 An hidden rock escaped unawares, 
 
 That lay in wait her wreck for to bewail j 
 The mariner, ^-et half amazed, stares 
 At perils past, and yet in doubt he dares 
 'i'o joy at hhfool-happtj oveisight. Fatrtf Queen. 
 Foolha'rdiness. n. s. [from foolhar- 
 dy.] Mad rashness ; courage without 
 sense. 
 
 There is a difference betwixt daring and fool- 
 hardiness: Lucan and Statins often ventured them 
 too far, our Virgil never. Dryden. 
 
 A false glozing parasite would call his foalhar- 
 diness valour, and then he may go on boldly be- 
 cause blindly. South. 
 
 Foolha'rdlse. n. s. [fool and hardl- 
 esse, Fr,] Foolhardiness; adventurous- 
 ness without judgment. Obsolete, 
 
 IMore huge in strength tlian wise in works he 
 was, 
 And reason y*'it\\ foolhardise over-ran ; 
 
 Stern melancholy did his courage pass, 
 And was, for terror more, all arm'd in shining 
 brass. Fairy Qaeai. 
 
 Foolha'rdy. adj. [fool and hardy.] 
 Daring without judgment; madly ad- 
 venturous ; foolishly bold. 
 
 One mother, when as her foolhardy child 
 Did come ton near, and with his talons play, 
 Half dead through fear, her little babe reviVd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Some would be so foolhardy as to presume to be 
 move of the cabinet council of God Almighty than 
 the angels. Ilowel. 
 
 If any yet be so foolhardy, 
 T' expose themselves to vain jeopardy j 
 
 FOG 
 
 If tlicy come wounded off, and lame. 
 No lioiiour's got bj such a maim. HuiihTCt. 
 
 Foo'ltrap. J?, s. [fool and trap.} A 
 snare to catch fools in ; as a flytrap. 
 
 Belts at the first, were fholtraps, where the wise 
 Like spiders lay in ambush fur the flies. Dri/den. 
 
 Foo'lish. adj. [from /oo/.] 
 
 1 . Void of understanding ; weak of intel* 
 lect. 
 
 Tliou /ouiis/i woman, seest thou notourraourn- 
 ing ? „ 2 EsdT. 
 
 Pray do not mock me ; 
 I am a very fiwlish fond old man : 
 1 fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shakesp. 
 
 He, of all the men that ever my Jholish eyea 
 looked upon, was the best deserving a f.iir lady. 
 Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 
 2. Imprtident ;• indiscreet. 
 
 We are come off 
 Like Romans : neither/bo/is/t in our stands. 
 Nor ciiwardJy in retire. Skakesp. Corinlamis. 
 
 3. Ridiculous ; contemptible. 
 
 It is nfmlish thing to make a long prologue, and 
 to be short in the siory itself. Si Mac. ii. o2, 
 
 \\ hut could the head perform alone, 
 Tf all their friendly aids were gone? 
 A /b()//.s/( figure he*inust make ; 
 Do imtliiiig else but sleep and ake. Prior, 
 
 He alluvvs himself hi foolish hatreds and resent- 
 ments against particular persons, without consi- 
 dering that he is to love every body as himself. 
 
 Law. 
 
 4. [[n Scripture.] Wicked ; sinful. 
 
 Foo'lishly. atlv. [from fnolis/i.'] Weak- 
 ly ; without understanding. In Scrip- 
 ture, wickedly. 
 
 Althougii we boast our Winter sun looks bright, 
 Andjhotiihlii are glad to see it in its height ; 
 Yet so mucli sooner comes the long and gloomy 
 night. Siti^t. 
 
 Foo'lishness. n. s. [from foolish.] 
 
 1 . Folly ; wanl of understanding. 
 
 2. Foolish practice; actual deviation from 
 the right. 
 
 Foflllihuess being properly a man's deviation 
 from riglit reason, in point of practice, must needs 
 consist in his pitching upon sudi an end as is un- 
 suitable to his condition, or pitching upon means 
 unsuitable to the compassing of his end. Siiuth. 
 
 Charm'd by theireyes, their manners I acquire, 
 And shape my foolishness to their desire. Prior. 
 
 FooLSTONES. U.S. A plant. Miller. 
 
 FOOT. ». s. plural feet, [pot. Sax. 
 voct, Dut. fut. Scott.] 
 
 1. The part upon which we stand. 
 
 The quFen that bore thee, 
 Oft'ner upon her knees than on her feet. 
 Died ever^' day slie liv'd. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 His affection to the church was so notorious, 
 that he never deserted it, 'till both it and he were 
 over-run and trod under /nut. Clarendon. 
 
 2. That by which any thing is supported 
 in the nature of a foot ; as, the foot of 
 a table, 
 
 3. The lower part ; the base. 
 
 Yond' towers, whose wanton tops do bus5 the 
 clouds, 
 Must kiss their own feet. Shakesp.Troil and Cress, 
 
 Fretting, by little and little, washes away and 
 eats out both the tops and sides and feet of moun- 
 tains, hakewill, 
 
 4. The end : the lower part. 
 
 What dismal cries are those ? 
 —Nothing ; a trifling sum of misery. 
 New added to t]it: foot of thy account : 
 Thy wife! is seiz'd by force, and born away. Djy. 
 
 5. The act of walking. 
 
 Antiochus departed, weening in his pride to 
 make the land navigable, and the sea passable 
 by foot. 2 Mac. v. 21. 
 
 6. On foot. Walking ; without carriage. 
 
 744
 
 F O O 
 
 Israel joumejed about »U hundred thousand on 
 fmt. . i'^- ='"■ 
 
 7. A posture of action. 
 
 '] he centurions and their charges billeted al- 
 ready ui the cnlerlainiueut, and to be on fi"'t at 
 all hour's warning:. iyliakcyp. 
 
 8. Infantry ; footmen in arms. In this 
 sense it has no plural. 
 
 Lusias gathered three score thousand choice men 
 of ^'o(, iinil livelhfiusand liorsenien. 1 Mac. Iv. 20. 
 "Hlmseli with all his foot entered the town, his 
 
 horse beini: quartered ahout it. 
 
 Ctarendon. 
 'I'lirice horse and loot about the fires are led, 
 And thrice witli loud laments they wail the dead. 
 
 Ih'ycUn. 
 
 9. State; character; condition. 
 
 See on whal_^bot we stand ; a scanty shore, 
 The sea behind, our enemies before. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 In specifying the word Ireland, it would seem 
 to insinuate tliat we are not upon the same foot 
 with our fellow-subjects in England. 
 
 Suift s Vrapkr's Letters. 
 
 What colour of excuse caii be for the contempt 
 Tiilh which we treat this part of our species, the 
 negroes, that we should not put them upon the 
 common foot of humanity, that we sliould only 
 set an insignificant fine upon the maii who mur- 
 ders thein ? Addison. 
 
 10. Scheme; plan; settlement. 
 
 There is no wellwisher to his country without a 
 little hope, tliat in time the kingdom may be on 
 a better foot. " Siiift. 
 
 I ask, whether upon the foot of our constitution, 
 as it stood in the reign of the late King James, a 
 king of England may be deposed ? Suift. 
 
 1 1. A state of incipient existence ; first 
 motion. Little used but in the follow- 
 ing phrase. 
 
 I? such a tradition were at any time set ok foot, 
 it is not easy to imagine how it should at first gain 
 entertaiim.ent ; but much more difficult how it 
 should come to be universally propagated. TiZ/uifson. 
 
 i2. It seems to have been once proverbi- 
 ally used for the level, the square, par. 
 M'ere it not for this easy borrowing uptm in- 
 terest, men's necessities would draw upon them a 
 most sudden undoing, in that they would be forced 
 to sell their means, be it lands or goods, far under 
 foot. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 13. A certain number of syllables consti- 
 tuting a distinct part of a verse. 
 
 Feet, incur Englisl) versifying, without quantity 
 and joints, be sure signs that the verse is either born 
 deformed, umiatural or lame. Ascliarns Schoolm. 
 
 Didst thou hear these verses ? 
 — O yes, 1 heard them all, and more too ; for some 
 o' them had in them more feet than the verses 
 would bear. Shakesp. 
 
 And Sidney's verse halts ill onRomanyeef. Pope. 
 
 14. jNIotion ; action. 
 
 While other jests are something rank on foot. 
 Her father hatli commanded her to slip 
 Away with Slender to marry. Sliakesp. 
 
 In the government of the world the number and 
 variety of the ends on foot, with the secret nature 
 of most things to which tliey relate, must make a 
 distinct remark of their congruily, in some cases 
 very dillicuit, and in some uiiattaiuable. Grew. 
 
 15. Step. 
 
 This roan's son would, tveryfoot and anon, be 
 taking some of his companions into the orcliard. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 16. A measure containing twelve inches ; 
 supposed to be the length of a man's foot. 
 ^Vhen it signifies measure, it has often, 
 but vitiously, foot in the plural. 
 
 An orange, lemon, and apple, wrapt in a linen 
 cloth, being buried for a fortnight's space four foot 
 deep within the earth, came forth no ways mouldy 
 or rotten. Bacon. 
 
 To Foot. v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To dance ; to tread wantonly ; to trip. 
 
 Vol. I, 
 
 F C) O 
 
 Lonely tlie vale and full of horror stood. 
 Brown with llie shade of a rcligiiiiis wnud ; 
 The moon was up, and sliui a jileamy li^jlit; 
 He saw a quire ut Jadici in a round, 
 Tliat fcatly footing seeui'd to skhu the ground. 
 
 Diyd. 
 
 2. To walk; not ride; not fly. 
 
 Bv this the dreadfid beast drew nigh to laud, 
 Half flying, and hnii fooling in Ids h.i^te. F.Qitevn. 
 
 Take heed, have open eye ; for thieves do /i'u( 
 by night. Sliakesp. 
 
 The man set the boy upon the ass, a:\dfooted it 
 lumself. TJ Estrange. 
 
 If \t<u are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, 
 ^\ ||[) can foot it farthest. Dryden's Himnish /'Vt/ur. 
 
 With them a man sometimes cannot be a peni- 
 tent unless he also turns vagabond, audfopts it to 
 Jerusalem ; or wanders over this or that part of 
 the world, to visit the shrine of such or such a 
 pretended saint. South. 
 
 To Foot. v. a. 
 
 1. To spurn; to kick. 
 
 You, that did void 3'our rheum upon my beard, 
 and Jbof me as you spuro a stranger cur over your 
 threshold. Shakesp 
 
 2. To settle ; to begin to fix. 
 
 What confcd'racy have you with the traitors 
 L.Me footed in the kingdom? Shakesp. King Lear 
 
 3. To tread. 
 
 Saint Withold footed thrice the wold: 
 He met the night-mare, and her name told ; 
 Bid her alight, and her troth plit;ht, 
 And aroynt thee, witch, aroynt ihee right. Shak. 
 
 There Imply by the ruddy damsel seen, 
 Orshephera s boy, they fealiy foot the green. Tick. 
 
 4. To hold with the foot. Not in use. 
 
 We are the earth, and they, 
 Like moies w ithin us, heave and cast about ; 
 
 And till lliey fbo( and clutch their prey, 
 Tlicy never coof, much less give out. Herbert. 
 
 Foo'teall. 71, s. [foot and baii.] 
 
 1. A ball commonly made of a Mown 
 bladder, cased with leather, driven by 
 the foot. 
 
 Am I so round with you as you with me, 
 
 Tliat like a football you do spurn me thus? Shak. 
 
 Such a U inter-piece should he beautiiicd with 
 
 all nianiier of works and exercises of Winter ; as 
 
 footoalb, felling of wood, and sliding upon the ice. 
 
 Feacham. 
 As when a sort of lusty shepherds try 
 Their force at football, care of victory 
 Makes them salute so rudelj^, breast to breast. 
 That their encounter seems too rough for jest. 
 
 Waller. 
 One rolls along a football to his foes, 
 One with a broken truncheon deals his blows. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. The sport or practice of kicking the 
 foot-ball. 
 
 He was sensible the comraon football was a very 
 imperfect imitation of that excvcise. 
 
 Ajbuthjwt and Fope^s Mart. Scribl. 
 
 Foo'tboy. n. 5. [foot and boi/ ] A low 
 menial; an attendant in livery. 
 
 Was it discretion, lords, to let this ni;in, 
 This honest man, wait like a lowsy footboy 
 At chamber-door? Shakesp. Hen. \TII. 
 
 Thougli 1 had nobody to assist but s-footboy, vol 
 I made shiftto try a prett3'numberof thnigs. Ihylr. 
 
 Whenever he imatjines advantages will redound 
 to one of uhfootboys by oppression of rae, he never 
 disputes it. Suift 
 
 Foo'tbridge. n. s. [foot and bridge.] 
 A bridge on which passengers walk; a 
 narrow bridge. 
 
 i'alemnn's shepherd, fearing ihe footbridge was 
 not strong enouiih, luadcd it ao long, 'till he broke 
 that w hicli woum have burn a bigger burden. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Foo'tclotf. n.s. [foot and cloth.] A 
 sumpter cloth. 
 
 1- o 
 
 Three limes a-day my Jootcloth liorM- (ti<i *taa- 
 b:e. 
 And started when he looked upon liie lower. 
 As loath to bear me to the sUugliterhouw. -Vic/c. 
 
 Foo'trd. adj. [from foot.] Shaped in 
 
 the foot. 
 
 Si:outed and tailed like a boar, and footed like 
 
 a goat. Crete. 
 
 Foo'tfight. w. *. [foot and fight.] A 
 figlit made on Toot, in opposition to that 
 on horseback. 
 
 So began our footfight in such sort, that we were 
 well entered to bluod of both sides. Sidney. 
 
 Foo'thold. n.s. [foot and ho/d] Space 
 to hold the foot ; space on which one 
 may tread surely. 
 
 All fell to w.rk at tlie roots of the tree, aiid 
 left it so \\tt\e fyoth old, that the first blast laid it 
 flat on the ground. h'^stran^e. 
 
 He's at the top: be has nothing above hi.ii to 
 aspire to, nor any foothold left him to cotriedown 
 by. L'Estrang4, 
 
 Foo'ting. n.s. [from foot.] 
 
 1. Ground for the foot. 
 
 I'll read you matter deep and dangerous; 
 As full of peril and advent'rous spirit 
 As to o'erwalk a current, roaring loud, 
 On the unsteadfasl^bofoj^of a spear. Shak. Ken. "VI. 
 
 As Noah's pigeon, whicli return'd no mnre, 
 Did shewshe_/iw(ni^ found, f(,ir all the flood, i^ar. 
 
 In ascents, every step gained is ix footing and, 
 help to ihe next. Holder's Elements of' Speech. 
 
 2. Support ; root. 
 
 Set cloven stakes; and wond'rous to behold, 
 Tlieir sharpen'd ends in ca:th their yi^'/tin^ place. 
 And the dry poles produce a living race. 
 
 Dryd. Virg, 
 
 3. Basis; foundation. 
 
 All those sublime thoughts take their rise and 
 footing here: the mind stirs not one jot beyond 
 those ideas which sense or reflection have I'tiered. 
 
 Lvcke. 
 
 The reasoning faculties of the soul would not 
 kn iw how to move, for want of a foundation and 
 fi^^thig in most men, who cannot trace truth to its 
 fountain and original. Locke, 
 
 4. Place ; possession. 
 
 Whether the unctuous exhalations are 
 Tir'd by the sun, or seeming so alone ; 
 
 Or each some more remote and slipj-ery star, 
 Which Uises footing when to mortals shewn. Dryd-, 
 
 5. Tread; walk. 
 
 As he forward moved his footing old. 
 So backward silll was turned his wrinkled face. 
 
 Spenser. 
 I would outnight you did no body come : 
 But hark, I hear tlie footing of a man. Shakesp. 
 Break off, break on ; I feel the ditferent sound 
 Of some chaste footing near about this ground. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 6. Dance. 
 
 IMake holyday : your ryestraw hats put on. 
 And these fresh nymphs encounter every one 
 In country footing. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 7. Steps; road; track. 
 
 He grew strong among the Irish ; and in his 
 footing Ills son continuing, haih increasecl his said 
 name. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Like running weeds, that have no certain root ; 
 or like footings up and down, iiupdssible to be 
 traced. Bacon s Hen. VII. 
 
 8. Entrance; beginning; establishment. 
 Ever since our nation had any f^^ing in this 
 
 land, ihe ^Iale of England did de:^irc to perfect 
 the conquest. Davies. 
 
 The defeat of Colonel Cellasis gave them their 
 first footiji^ in Yorkshire. CLirenHon. 
 
 Ko useful arts have yet found footing here ; 
 But all untaught and savage does appear. Dryden. 
 
 9. State ; condition ; settlement. 
 
 Gaul was on the same footing wilJi Egypt as to 
 taxes. A-buthnoi. 
 
 b C 746
 
 F O O 
 
 Foo'tlicker. n. s. [foot and hck.] A 
 slave ; an humble fawner; one who licks 
 the foot. 
 
 Do that good mischief which may make tliis 
 ishiiid 
 Thine own for ever; and I, thy Caliban, 
 For ay thy foolUcker. Shakcsp. Tempest. 
 
 Foo'tman. 71. s. [foot and man.] 
 
 1. A soldier that marclies and fights on 
 foot. 
 
 The numbers levied by her lieutenant did con- 
 sist of J out men ihrue millions, of horseinen one 
 milliun. liuleigh's History. 
 
 2. A low menial servant in livery. 
 
 He was curried in a rich chariot, litterwise, with 
 two horses id either end, and two Jbotmen on each 
 side. Bacon. 
 
 hike footmen running before cuaclies. 
 To tell the inn what lord approaches. Prior. 
 
 3. One who practises to walk or run. 
 Foo'tman SHIP. ?«. s. [from footman.] 
 
 The an or Ikculty of a runner. 
 
 Tlie liisli archers es|\vi"S this, suddenly brokt: 
 up, and committed the safely of their lives to 
 their nimble footmanship. Haiju'iird. 
 
 Yet, says the fox, I have baffled more of tliem 
 with my wiles and shifts llian ever you did with 
 your footmanship. U Estra/ige. 
 
 Foo'tpace. n.s. [foot and pace.] 
 
 1. Part of a pair of stairs, whereon, after 
 four or five steps, you arrive to a broad 
 place, where you make two or three 
 paces before you ascend another step, 
 thereby to ease the legs in ascending 
 the rest of the stairs. ISIoxon, 
 
 2. A pace no faster than a slow walk. 
 
 Foo'tpad. n.s. [foot and pad.] A high- 
 wayman that robs on foot, not on horse- 
 back. 
 
 Foo'tpath. n.s. [foot aud jyaih ] A nar- 
 row way which wid not admit horses or 
 carriages. 
 
 Know'st thou the way to Dover ? 
 —Both stiJe and gate, horseway and footpath. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 Foo'tpost. n. s. [foot and post.] A post 
 or messenger tliat travels on foot. 
 
 For carrying such letters, every tlioroughfare 
 weekly api)ointelh afoutpost, whose dispatch is 
 well near as speedy as the horses. Carew. 
 
 Foo'tstall. ?i.s. [foot and stall] A 
 
 woman's stirrup. 
 Footstep, w. s. [foot and step.] 
 
 3 . Trace ; track ; impression left by the 
 foot. 
 
 Clear-sighted reason, wisdom^sjiidcment leads, 
 And sense, her vassal, in her footsteps treads. Dcn/f. 
 
 A man shall never want crooked paths to walk 
 in, if he thinks that he is in the right wny, where- 
 ever he has tlie footsteps of others to follow, Locke. 
 
 2. Token ; mark ; notice given. 
 
 Let us turn our thoughts to the frame of our 
 syst-ni, if ihere we may trace any visible_/i)o(s(f/;5 
 of Divine wisdom and beneficence. Benttey'sScrm. 
 
 3. Example. 
 
 Foo'tstool. n. s. [foot and sfooL] Stool 
 on which he that sits places his feet. 
 
 Thus have we swept suspicion from our seat, 
 And made our footstool oi securily. Shak. Hen. \'l. 
 
 They whose sacred olTice 'tis to bring 
 Kings to obey their God, and men their king, 
 By these mysterious links to fix and tye 
 Men to thej^(iu(5£ni'i( of the Deity. Denhanis Sophy. 
 
 Let echoing anthems nmke his [)raises known 
 On earth, hisJootsUiol, as in heaven his throne. 
 
 Roscoinmo}i. 
 
 FOP 
 
 By the phrase of worshiping hhjootaiaol, no more 
 is meant than worshiping God at liis footstoot. 
 
 " Stilling Jieet. 
 FOP. n. s. [A Avord probably made by 
 chance, and therefore without etymo- 
 logy.] A simpleton ; a coxcomb ; a man 
 of small understanding and much osten- 
 tation ; a pretender; a man fond of show, 
 dress, and flutter; an impertinent. 
 
 A whole tribe o( fops, 
 Got 'tween asleep and awake. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 When such a positive abandon'd Jop, 
 Among his numerous absurdities, 
 Sluinbies upon some tolerable line, 
 I fret to see them in such company. Roscommon. 
 
 The leopard's beauty, without the fox's wit, is 
 no better than a. fop in a gay coat. L' Estrange. 
 
 In a dull stream, whicli moving slow. 
 Yon hardly see the current flow ; 
 \\ hen a small breeze obstructs the course. 
 It whirls about for want of force. 
 And in its narrow circle gathers 
 Nothing but chalV, ami straws, and feathers : 
 The current of a female mind 
 Slops thus, and turns with ev'ry wind; 
 'I'hus whirling round, together draws 
 Fools, J'ops, and rakes, for chatf and straws. Swift. 
 
 Fo'pdoodle. n.s. [fop and doodle.] A 
 fool; an insignificant wretch. 
 
 Where sturdy butchers broke your noddle, 
 And handled you like a fopdoodle. Hudibras. 
 
 Fo'pPERY. n.s. [from /o/;.] 
 
 1. Folly; impertinence. 
 
 Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter 
 My sober house. Shakesp. Merchant of' Venice. 
 
 1 was three or four times in the thought they 
 were not fairies ; and yet the guiltiness of my 
 mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove 
 the giossness of the foppery into a received belief, 
 in despight of the teeth of all rhyme and reason, 
 that they were fairies. 
 
 Shahesp, Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 This is the excellent foppery of the world, that 
 when we are sick in fortune, often the surfeits of 
 our own behaviour, we make guilty of our disas- 
 ters, the sun, the moon, and stars, as if we were 
 villains on necessity. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. Affectation of show or importance; 
 showy folly. 
 
 3. Foolery ; vain or idle practice ; idle 
 affectation. 
 
 They thought the people were better let alone 
 in their fopperies, than to be sutl'ered to break 
 loose from that subjection which your supersti- 
 tion kept them in. StUlingfeet. 
 
 But though we fetch from Italy and France 
 Our fopperies of tune and modes of dance, 
 Our sturdy Britons scorn to borrow sense. Granv. 
 
 I wish I could say ijuaint fopperies weie wholly 
 absent from graver subjects. Swift. 
 
 Fo'ppiSH. adj. [from fop.] 
 
 1, Foolish; idle; vain. 
 
 Fools ne'er had less grace in a year ; 
 For wise men are grown foppish, 
 
 And know not liow their wits to wear. 
 Their manners are so apish. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. Vain in show; foolishly ostentatious; 
 vain of dress. 
 
 With him the present still some virtues havej 
 The vain are sprightly, and the stupid grave ; 
 The slothful negligent, the foppish neat ; 
 The lewd are airy, and the 'sly discreet. _ Garth. 
 
 The Romans grew extremely expensive and 
 foppvih ; so that the emperor Aurelian forbid men 
 that variety of colours on their shoes, allowing it 
 still to women. _ Arlnithiwt. 
 
 You would know who is rude and ill-natured, 
 who is vain a.nd foppish, wlio lives too high, and 
 who is in debt. Law. 
 
 Fo'ppiSHLY. adv, [£roro foppish.] Vainly ; 
 ostentatiously, 
 
 Fo'ppiSHNESS. 71. s. [from foppish.] Va- 
 nity ; showy or ostentatious vanity. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Fop'puNG. n.s. [from fop.] A petty 
 fop ; an under-rate coxcomb. 
 
 Thy works in Cliioe's toilet gain a part. 
 And, with his tay lor, share the Jci/j/j/m^'s heart. 
 
 Tickell. 
 
 FOR. prep, [poji. Sax. voor, Dut.] 
 1. Because of. 
 
 That ^^hjch we for out unwortbiness are afr.Id 
 to crave, our jirayer is, tliat God J'rr the worlhi- 
 ness of liisSou would notwithstanding vouchsafe 
 to grant. _ Hooker. 
 
 Edward and Richard, 
 With fiery eyes, sparkling^or very wratii. 
 Are at our backs. Shakesp. Hen. XL 
 
 Speak, good Cominius; 
 Leave nothing out for length. Shahap. 
 
 For as nmch as the (piestion cannot be scanned, 
 unless I he time of Abraham's journey be consider- 
 ed of, 1 will search into a tradition concerning his 
 travels. Raleigh's Histoni. 
 
 An astrologer saith, if it were not fn- two thiiiya 
 that are constant, no individual would last one 
 moment. Baam. 
 
 For as much as it is a fundamental law in the 
 Turkish empire, thut they ma3', without any 
 other provocation, make w^r upon Christendo'3 
 for the propagation of their laws; so the Chris- 
 tians nniy at all times, as they think good, he 
 upon the prevention. Bacons War uith Spuiit. 
 
 The governour sallying out, took great store of 
 victual and warlike provision, whicli the Turks 
 had for haste left behind them. Knolles's Hiit. 
 
 Their otier he willingly accepted, knowing tli.it 
 he was not able to keep that place three day.-. 
 for lack of victuals. KnoUfs. 
 
 Quit, quit, fm' shame ; this will not move. 
 This cainiot tal;c her: 
 
 If of herself she will not love, 
 Nl thing can make her. Suckling. 
 
 Care not^bi- frowns or smiles, Denham's Soj}hu. 
 
 'I he liypocritc or carnal man hopes, and is thr 
 wickeder /()r hoping. Hammond's Pract. Cater... 
 
 Let no man, for his own poverty, become more 
 oppressing in his bargains; but quietly reco;;t- 
 mend his estate to God, and leave the succes'' to 
 him. Taylrr. 
 
 Persons who have lost most of their grinder-, 
 having been compelled to use tliree or four only 
 in chewing, wore them so low, that the inu.tui 
 nerve lay bare, and they would no longer /i(r ]i.iiii 
 make use of them. Ray on tite t'rentli>ii. 
 
 I but revenge my fate ; disdain'd, betray'd. 
 And suti'ring death /or this ungrateful maid. JJnj. 
 
 Sole on the barren sands, the sulf'ring chief 
 Roar'd out^iw anguish, and hidulg'd his ^rief. Dr. 
 
 For his long absence church and state did groan, 
 Madness the pulpit, faction seiz'd the throne. i>ri/. 
 
 Nor with a superstitious fear is aw'd 
 For what befalls at home, or what abroad. Dryden, 
 
 I, my own judge, condemn'd myself before ; 
 For pity, aggravate my crime no more. Dryden. 
 
 Matrons of renown. 
 When tyrant iVero burnt th' imperial town, 
 Shriek'd^i*'* the downfall in a doleful cry, 
 For which their guiltless lords were doom'd to die. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Children, discountenanced by their parents /or 
 any fault, find a refuge in the caresses of foofish 
 flatterers. l^oche. 
 
 A sound mind in a sound body is a short but full 
 description of a happy state in this world : he 
 that has these two has little more to wish_/or, and 
 he that wants either of them will be but liille 
 better ybr any thing else. Locke. 
 
 The nuddle of the gulph is remarkable for tem- 
 pests. Addison. 
 
 My open'd thought to joyous prospect raise. 
 And for thy merey let me sing thy praise. l'rh*r. 
 
 Which best or worst you could not think ; 
 And die you must/i>r want of drink. Prityr, 
 
 It is a most infamous scandal upon the nation, 
 to reproacli them/or treating foreigners with con- 
 tempt. Sivift. 
 
 We can only give thera that liberty now for 
 something, which they have so many years exer- 
 cised/ir nothing, of railing and scribblnig against 
 us. Swift. 
 
 Your sermons will be less valuable, for want of 
 time. Swift. 
 
 2, With respect to; with regard to. 
 
 74G
 
 FOR 
 
 Rather our state's defective f(tr requital , 
 Thnii wc to blrctch it out. hhakesp. Curiotanus. 
 
 A paltry ring 
 That she did give me, wliose poesy was. 
 For ail the world, like cutler's poetry 
 Upon a knife ; love me aud leave me not. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 For all the world, 
 As thou art at tliis hour, was Richard then. Shaft. 
 
 It was young counsel for the persons, and vio- 
 lent cuunsLlJm- llie nrntiers. Bacons Essays. 
 
 Authority follnweth old men, and favour and 
 popularity youtli ; but ^br the mural part, per- 
 haps, youth will Imve the pre-eminence, as aiie 
 hiilli fur the politick. Bacon's Ff^cms. 
 
 Comets are rather gazed upon than wi>ely uh- 
 served in tlieir effects ; that is, what kind of comet 
 Jbr magnitude or coUmr, produceth wliat kind of 
 eti'ects. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 For me, if there be such a thing as I. Waller. 
 
 He saith these honours consisted in preserving 
 their memories, and pnising their virtues; but 
 J'or any matter of worsliip towards them, he ut- 
 terly denies it. ^ Stillin^cet 
 
 Our laws were for their matter foreign. Hales. 
 
 Now for the government, it is absolute mo- 
 narchy; there being no other laws iu China but 
 the kfng's command. Temple. 
 
 For me, no otlier happiness I own. 
 Than to have horn no issue to the throne. Drydcn. 
 
 For me, my stormy voyage at an end, 
 I to the port of death securely tend. 
 
 Dryden's ^n. 
 
 After deatli, we sprights have just suc!i natures 
 We had, Jbr ail the world, when human creatures. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Such little wasps, and yet so full of spite ; 
 For bulk luere insects, vei in mischief strong. 
 
 Tate. 
 
 Hobbes has given us a correct explanation of 
 the sense in general ; but for particulars and cir- 
 cumstances, he coi.tJnualiy lops them. Pope. 
 
 L", some are vtllum, aud tlie rest as good. 
 For all his lordsliip knows, but they are wood. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 3. In this sense it has often as before it. 
 As for Maramaldus the general, they had no 
 
 just cause to mislike him, being an old captain of 
 great experience. Knoltes. 
 
 4. Ill the character of 
 
 If a man can be f'dly assured of any thing for a 
 trulli, without liaving examined, what is there 
 tliat he may nut embrace for truth ? Locke. 
 
 She thinks you favour'd : 
 But let her go, for an ungrateful woman. 
 
 A.Phil. 
 Say, is it fitting in this ver3' field. 
 This ficid, where frou) ni\ youth I've been acarter, 
 I, in thii field, should die /ar a deserter? Gay. 
 
 5. With resemblance of. 
 
 I hcrir /i>r certain, and do speak the truth, 
 Tlie gentle Yor^ is op. Skakesp, Henru IV. 
 
 Now, iiowyin- sure, deliverance is at hand, 
 The kingdom shall to Israel be restor'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 The startling steed was seiz'd with sudden 
 fright, 
 And, bounding, o'er the pommel cast the knight ; 
 Forward he flew, and pitching on his head. 
 He quiver'd with his feet, and Uyfor dead. 
 
 Dryd. 
 C. Considered as ; in the place of. 
 
 Our present lot appears 
 For happy, lliough but ill ; for ill, not worst. 
 If we procure nofto ourselves more woe. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The council-table and star-chamber held for 
 
 horifuirahle that which pleased, and for just that 
 
 which profited. Clarendon. 
 
 7. In advantage of; for the sake of. 
 
 An ant is a wise creature for itself; but it is a 
 
 shrewd thing in an orchard. Bacon. 
 
 He refused not to die for those that killed him, 
 
 And shed his blood Ji>r some of those that spilt it. 
 
 Boyle. 
 Shall I think the world was madcy^r one, 
 And men are born/w kings, as beasts ^ar men, 
 ^ut for protection, but to be devour'd ? 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 V O R 
 
 Read all the prefaces of Drj'den, 
 Fur those uur criticks much cnntide in ; 
 "ritoui^h nieerly writ at first /ar filling, 
 'I'ti raise the vohnlie's jirice a shilling. 
 
 8. Comlucive to ; beneficial to. 
 It hj'or the general good of liuinan society, and 
 
 conseijucntly of particular persons, to be true and 
 just ; and it is^iri' men's health to be temperate. 
 
 TiUdtson. 
 
 It can never be for the interest of a believer to 
 
 do nie a mischief, because he is sure, ut)on the 
 
 balance of accounts, to find himself a loser by it. 
 
 Addhnii. 
 
 9. With intention of going to a certain 
 place. 
 
 We sailed from Peru yiw China and Japan. Bac. 
 
 As she was brought for England, she was cast 
 
 away near fiarwich haven. Haywitrd. 
 
 We sailed directly fo- Genoa, and had' a fair 
 
 wind. _ Addiiuii. 
 
 10. In comparative respect. 
 
 For tusks with Indian elephants lie strove, 
 And Jove's own thunder from his mouth he drove. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 11. Witli appropriation to. 
 
 Shadow will serve ^br Summer: prick him; 
 for we have a number of shadows to fill u|i ilie 
 rauster-bouk. S/m/i-e.<;>. 
 
 12. After O an expression of desire. 
 Ofor a muse of fire that would ascend 
 
 The brightest heaven of invention I Shakesp. 
 
 13. In account of; in solution of. 
 
 Thus much for the beginning and progress of 
 the deluge. Burnet's Theory nj the Earth. 
 
 14. Inducing to as a motive. 
 
 There is a natural, immutable, and eternal 
 reason for that which we call virtue, and against 
 that which we call vice. TillotS'tn. 
 
 15. In expectation of. 
 
 lie must be back again by one and twenty, tn 
 marry and propagate : the father cannot stay any 
 longer /i>i- the portion, nor the mother Jbr a new 
 set of babies to play with. Locke. 
 
 16. Noting power or possibility. 
 
 For a holy person to be humble, for one whoiu 
 all men esteem a saint, to fear lest himself become 
 a devil, is as hard as/ej- a prince to submit I'imself 
 to be guided by tutors. luijlor. 
 
 17. Noting dependence. 
 
 The colours of outward objects, hri'iiMit into a 
 darkened room, depend for Iheir visibility upon 
 the dimness of the light they are beheld by! Boyle. 
 
 18. In prevention of; for fear of. 
 
 Corn being had down, any way ye allow. 
 Should wither as needelh for burning in mow. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 And, for the time shall not seem tedious, 
 I'll tell thee what hefel me on a dav. 
 In this self place. Shaliesii. Henry VI. 
 
 There must be no alleys with hedges it the 
 hither eTid,_/iir lettingyonr prospect upon this fair 
 hedge from tlie green : nor at the fati!er eiiO, for 
 letting jour prospect from the hedge tluougli "die 
 arches upon the iiealh. bacons Es.wits. 
 
 She wrapped him close for catching cold. 
 
 Loielaire. 
 
 19. In remedy of. 
 
 Sometim<-s hot, sometimes cold things arc good 
 for the toolliach. Carretson. 
 
 20. In exchange of. 
 
 He made considerable progress in the stiidv of 
 the law, before he iiuitted that professionjm- 'iiis 
 of poetry. Vrydm. 
 
 21. In the place of; instead of. 
 
 To make him copious is to alter his character; 
 and to translate him line Jbr line is impossible. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 We take a falling meteor for a star. 
 
 Coil'h'v. 
 
 22. In supply of; to serve in the place 
 of 
 
 Most of our ingenious young men take up some 
 cried-up English poet for their model, adore him, 
 and imitate him, as they think, without knowing 
 wherein he is defective. Dryden. 
 
 FOR 
 
 23. Through a certain duration. 
 
 Some please Jor once, some willjor ever please 
 
 noscfm. 
 
 Those who sleep without dreaming, can never 
 be convinced that their thoughts arejur four hour, 
 busy, without their knowing il. l^cke. 
 
 'J he administration of this bank is- for life, ar,J 
 partly in thehaiids of the chief citizens. Addisuu. 
 
 Since, hir'd Jbr life, thy servile muse must king 
 Successive conriuests, aild a glorious king; 
 And bring him laurels, w liatsoe'er they cost. Prior. 
 
 1 he youth transported, asks without delay 
 To guide the sun's bright chariot /or a dav. 
 
 Ctrth. 
 
 24. In search of; in quest of. 
 Philosophers have run so far back Jar argti- 
 
 ments of comfort against pain, as to doubt wj)>- 
 ther there were any such thing; and yel, for ail 
 that, when any great evil has been upon them, 
 they would cry out as loud as other men. 
 
 IV lot ion. 
 
 25. According to. 
 
 Chymists have not been able, for aught is vul- 
 garly known, by fire alone to sepaVate truesulplmr 
 from antimony. Boule. 
 
 26. Noting a state of fitness or readiness. 
 Nay, if you be an undertaker, I am Jbr you. 
 
 Sriakcsp. 
 If he be brave, he's ready Jbr the stroke. 
 
 Diyd. 
 
 27. In hope of; for tl;e sake of; noting 
 the final cause. 
 
 How quickly nature 
 Falls to revolt, when gold becomes her object! 
 For this the foolish, over-careful f ithers. 
 Have broke their sleeps with Ihouglit, their brains 
 
 with care. 
 Their bones with industry . for this, engross'd 
 The canker'd heaps of strong atchieved gold: 
 Fell- this tliey have been thoughtful to invest 
 Their sons %vith arts and martial exercises. Shak. 
 The kingdom of God was first rent by ill coun- 
 sel ; tipon whicli counsel there are set, for our in- 
 struction, two marks Bacon, 
 
 M'hcthcr some hero's fate. 
 In words wortli dyingjbr, he celebrate. Coirley. 
 ^For he writes not Jor money, uor Jbr praise. 
 Nor to be call'd a wit, nor to wear bays. 
 
 DenJiam, 
 There we shall see, a sight worthy dying for, 
 that blessed Saviour, who so highly deserves of 
 "s- . . Boule. 
 
 H" is not disposed to be a fool, and to be miser- 
 able for company. Tlllolson. 
 Even death's become to me no dreadful name ; 
 In fighting fields, where our acquaintance grew, 
 Isaiv him, and conlemn'd him first Jbr you. Dryd. 
 
 For this, 'tis neeiiful to preve:it her art. 
 And fire with love the proud Phociician's heart. 
 
 Vrxid. Virg. 
 Some prav for riches ; riches they obtain ; 
 But walth'd by robbers, for their vvealth arc slain. 
 
 DrtjHen. 
 _ Let thcTii, who truly would appear my friends. 
 Employ llieir swords like mine /or noble ends. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 28. Of tendency to ; towards. 
 
 The kettle to the top was hoist; 
 Hut with its upside down, to shovf 
 lis inclinationjbr below. Suiji. 
 
 29. In favour of; on the part of; on the 
 side of. 
 
 Ye suppose the laws for which ye strive are 
 found ill Scripture ; but those not aeainst which 
 we strive. Hooker, Preface, 
 
 It becomes me tiot to draw my pen in the de- 
 fence of a had cause, when I have so often drawB 
 itjbr a good one. Driidm. 
 
 Jove was Jbr \'enus ; but lie fear'd his wife. 
 
 Druden, 
 lie for the world was made, not us alone. " 
 
 Cnii len. 
 
 fhev must be void of all zeal Jin- God's honour, 
 
 who (To not with sighs and tears intercede witk 
 
 liii"-. Smulridct, 
 
 Aristotle is for poetical justice. Dennk, 
 
 They are all' Jbr rank and foul feeding. 
 
 Feltm, 
 
 747
 
 FOR 
 
 30. Noting accommodation 
 
 F O il 
 
 FOR 
 
 or 
 
 adapta- 
 
 t im- 
 Locke, 
 
 tion. 
 
 Fortune, if there be such a thing as she, 
 Suies that I bear so well her tyranny, 
 That she thinks nothing else so lit for me. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 A few rules of logick are thought sufficient 
 this case, for those who pretend to the highest 
 proveiuent. ■''''. 
 
 It is for wicked men to dread God ; but a vir- 
 tuous man may have undisturbed thoughts, even 
 of the justice of God. Jilhtsou. 
 
 His country has good havens, both for the 
 Adriatic and Mediterranean. Addison on Itali). 
 
 Persia is coinmodiously situated for trade both 
 ty sea and land. ATbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Scholars are frugal of their words, and not wil- 
 ling to let any go for ornament, if they will not 
 serve for use. Helton. 
 
 31. With intention of. 
 
 And by that justice hastremov'd the cause 
 Of those'rude tempests, which, /or rapine sent 
 Too oft, alas, involv'd the innocent. ttalhr. 
 
 Here huntsmen with delight may read 
 How to chusc do»s for scent or speed. nailer. 
 
 God hath made" some thines ^iii- as long a dura- 
 tion as they are capable of. TUlotsons Sermons. 
 
 I'm- this, from Trivia's temple and her wnnii, 
 Are coursers driv'n, who shed their master s blood. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 Such examples should be set before theui, as 
 patterns for their daily imitation. ,^%'"'- 
 
 The next question usually is, what is it>''-*^ 
 
 ^ Locke. 
 
 Achilles is for revenging himself upon Aga- 
 memnon, by means of Hector. Broome. 
 
 32. Becoming ; belonging to. 
 
 It were nolfor your quiet, nor your good. 
 Nor /or my manhood, honesty, and wisdom, 
 I'o let you know my thoughts. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Th' offers he doth make. 
 Were wAfor him to give, nor them to take. Uan. 
 
 It were more for his honour to raise his siege, 
 than to spend so many good men in the winning 
 
 Besides, in gratitude j'or such high matters. 
 Know I have vow'd two hundred gladiators. 
 
 Lhxjd. 
 First the wily wizard must be caught ; 
 For unconstraiii'd, he nothing tells Jor naught. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 37. In proportion to. 
 
 He is not very tall, yet_/i 
 
 Did not go forth of us, ' 
 As if we liad them not. 
 
 his years he's tall. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 As he could see clear, for those times, through 
 superstition ; so he would be blinded, no%v and 
 then, by human policy. Hacon. 
 
 Exalted Socrates ' divinelv brave! 
 Iniur'd he fell, and dying he forgave; ^ 
 Too noble for revenge. Drjiden s Juv. 
 
 3H. P.y means of; by interposition of. 
 Moral consideration can no way move the sensi- 
 ble appetite, were it not /or the will. Hale. 
 Of some calamity we can have no relict but 
 fron God alone ; and what would men do in such 
 a case, if it were not for God .' Tillotson. 
 ;iO. In regard of; in preservation of; / 
 cannot for mi/ life, is, i cannot if my 
 life might be saved by it. 
 
 1 bid the rascal knock upon your gate ; 
 
 Bui could not get him for my heart. Shakesp. 
 
 I cannot ^iir my heart leave a room, before 1 
 
 have thoroughly examined the papers pasted upon 
 
 the walls. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 40. For all. Notwithstanding. 
 
 Neither doubt you, because I wear a woman's 
 apparel, I will be the more womanish ; since 1 
 assure you, for all my apparel, there is nothing 1 
 desire more 'than fully to prove myself a man in 
 this enterprize. , „, . . Sidney. 
 
 For all the carefulness of the Christians the 
 English bulwark was undermined by the enemy, 
 and upon the fourth of September part thereot 
 was blown up. Knolles s History. 
 
 But as Noah's pigeon, which return d no more. 
 Did shew she footing found^lir all the 
 
 of it by force. 
 
 Knotks. 
 
 Jests /iir Dutchmen and English bovs. Cowley. 
 
 Is it for you to ravage seas and laud, 
 Unautlioriz'd by mj; supreme command! Drydcn. 
 
 His sire already signs him,/br the skies. 
 And marks the scat amidst ihe deities. Dryden. 
 
 It is a reasonable account for an.v mim to give, 
 why he does not live as the gnat st part of the 
 world do, that he has no mind to die as Uiey do, 
 and perish with them. Tillotson. 
 
 33. Notwithstanding. 
 
 This, for any thing we know to the contrary, 
 might b"e the self-same form which Plnlojudajus 
 expresseth. , , Hooker. 
 
 God's desertion shall, for aught he knows the 
 next minute supervene. Decay of i'lety. 
 
 Probability supposes that a thing may or may 
 not be so, for any thing yet certauily determined 
 on either side. South. 
 
 For any thing that legally appears to the con- 
 trarv. it may be a contrivance to fright us. 
 
 -" -^ Swijt. 
 
 If such vast masses of matter had been situ^itcd 
 nearer to the sun, or to each other, as they nnghl 
 as easily have been,^^- any mechanical or fortuit- 
 ous agent, they must necessarily have caused a 
 considerable disorder in the whole system. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 34. To the use of; to be used in. 
 
 The oak /or nothing ill. 
 The osier good for twigs, the poplar /or the mill. 
 
 Spt'nser. 
 
 Your understandings are not bright enough ^iir 
 the exercise of the highest acts of reason. 
 
 Ti(/o(son. 
 
 35. In consequence of. 
 
 For love the y force through thickets of the wood, 
 They climb tlie steepy hills and stem the flood. 
 ■' Dryden. 
 
 36. In recompense of; in return of. 
 
 Now, for so many glorious actions done, 
 For peace at home, 'and far the publick wealth, 
 ■ I mean to crown a bowl for Cesar's health ; 
 
 Hood. 
 
 Dai.. 
 
 They resolute, for all this, do proceed 
 Unto that judgment. . Da, 
 
 niel. 
 the 
 
 If we apprehend the greatest thin 
 world of the emperor of China or Japan, we are 
 well enough contented, for all that, to let them 
 govern at home. Stdlingjieet. 
 
 Though that very ingenious person has antici- 
 paled part of what I should say, yet jou wi'l, pr 
 all that, expect that I should give you a fuller ac- 
 count. , , . Boyle 
 She might have passed over my businesses ; but 
 my rabble is not to be mumbled up in silence, Jor 
 af/herpertness. ^ .?''-'''''''!; 
 For all his exact plot, down was he cast Iroin all 
 his creatness, and forced to end his days ni a inean 
 condition. ■^'"'"'• 
 41. For to. In the language used two 
 centuries ago, for was commonly used 
 before to, the sign of the infinitive mood, 
 to note the final cause. As, 1 come /or 
 to see you, for I love to see you : m the 
 same sense with the French pour. Thus 
 it is used in the translation of the Bible. 
 But this distinction was by the best wri- 
 ters sometimes forgotten ; and for, by 
 wrong use, appearing superfluous, is 
 now always omitted. 
 Who shall let me now 
 On this vile body /or to wreak ray wrong ? 
 
 Fairy Q. 
 
 A large posterity 
 Up to your happy palaces may mount. 
 Of blessed saints /or (o increase the count. Spenser. 
 These things may serve Jor to represent how 
 just cause of fear this kingdom may have towards 
 ■Spain. Sacoii. 
 
 For. conj. 
 
 1. The word by which the reason is m- 
 troduced of something advanced before. 
 
 Heav'n doth with us as we with torches deal. 
 Not light them for themselves ; Jor if our virtues 
 
 t\vcre all alike 
 Sliakesp. Nciis.J'cr Me.i3. 
 Old husbandmen I at Sabinum know. 
 Who for another year dig, plough, and sow ; 
 For never any man was yet so old. 
 But hop'd his life one Winter more would hold. 
 
 Deuham. 
 
 Tell me what kind of tiling is wit ; 
 
 For the first matter loves variety less. Cowky. 
 
 Thus does he foolishly who, for fear of aiiy 
 
 thing in this world, ventures to displease God ; /.t 
 
 in so doing he runs away from men, and falU ii.to 
 
 tlie hands of the living God. Tillotsi lu 
 
 I. Because; on this account that. It is 
 
 in this sense properly followed by //(,/, 
 
 and without it is elliptical. This seiiic 
 
 is almost obsolete. 
 
 I doubt not but great troops would be ready to 
 run ; yelfor that the worst men are most read\ to 
 remove, I would wish them chosen by fliscre'.i'in 
 of wise men. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Jealous souls will not be answer'd so : 
 They are not ever jealous for a cause. 
 But jealous yiir they're jealous. Shakesp. Othllo. 
 Heaven defend your good souls, that you think 
 I will y our seriousaiid great business scant ; 
 For she is with me. Shakesp. Ol/ie/iv 
 
 Nor swell'd his breast with uncouth pride. 
 That heav'n on him above his charge had laid ; 
 But, J'or bis great Creator would the same. 
 His will hicreas'd ; so (ire augmenteth flame. Fi /)'. 
 Many excrescences of trees grow chiefly wher;; 
 the tree is dead or faded ; for that the natural sii i 
 of the tree corrupteth into some jireternaturai 
 substance. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. For as much. In regard to that; in 
 consideration of. 
 
 For as much as in publick prayer we are not only 
 to consider what is needful, in respect of God ; 
 but there is also in men that which we must n - 
 gard : we somewhat incline to length, lest ovr r- 
 quick dispatch should give occasion to deem, l!':-t 
 the thing itself is but little accounted of. Hooki . 
 
 For as much as the thirst is intolerable, the p.n- 
 tient may be indulged the free use of spaw water. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 4. For why. Because; for this reason 
 
 that. 
 
 Solyman had three hundred ficldpieces ; for 
 
 why, "Solyman purposing to draw the emperor 
 
 into battfe, had trought no pieces of battery with 
 
 him. Knolles. 
 
 To Fo'rage. v. n. [from foris abroad, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. To wander far; to rove at a distance. 
 Not in use. 
 
 Forage, and run 
 To meet displeasure farther from the doors. 
 And grapple with him, ere he come so nigh. Sliak. 
 •2. To wander in search of spoil, generally 
 of provisions. 
 
 As in a stormy night, 
 Wolves, urged by their raging appetite. 
 Forage for prey. Denham. 
 
 There was a brood of young larks in the com, 
 and the dam went abroad io forage for them. 
 
 L hsti'anf^e. 
 
 Nor dare they stray 
 When rain is promis'cl or a stormy day ; 
 But near tlie city walls their wat'mig take. 
 Nor forage far, 'but short excursions make. Uryd. 
 3. To ravage; to feed on spoil. 
 
 His most mighty father on a hill 
 Stood smiling, to beholcl his lion's whelp 
 Forage in blood of French nobility. Shakesp. 
 
 To Forage, v. a. To plunder; to strip; 
 to spoil. 
 
 They will both strengthenall the country round, 
 and also be as continual holds for her niaiesty, 
 if the people should revolt ; for without such it is 
 easy to foraee and over-run the whole land. 
 
 •' ' " Spenitr. 
 
 748
 
 FOR 
 
 The victorious PhilistiiiL'S were worsted Iiy the 
 t'a[tlivated urk, whic]\Jbragcd their country' more 
 than d conquering army. South. 
 
 FO'RAGE. w. s. [Jotirage, Germ, and Fr. 
 from Jorisj Lat.] 
 
 1. Search of provisions; the act of fecd- 
 incj abroad. 
 
 C)ne \\:\y a baiui select Uov\\ forage drives 
 A iierd of beevf s, fair oxen, and fair kine. 
 From a fat meadow ground ; or ili-ecy ilock, 
 Evves and their bleating lambs, over the pluins 
 Their booty. Milton's l\ii'. Lost. 
 
 2. Provisions sought abroad. 
 
 Some o'er the pubiick nuigazines preside. 
 And some are seat .lew Jonige to provide. Dryd. 
 
 3. i'rovisioiis in general. 
 
 Vrovided forage, our spent arms renew 'd. Dryd. 
 
 Fora'minous. tf(//. [from foramen, Lat.] 
 Full of holes ; perforated in many 
 places ; porous. 
 
 Soft q.\\-6l J'oraminous bodies, in the first creation 
 of the sound, will deaden it ; but in the passage of 
 the sound they will admit it better than harder 
 bodies. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 To FORBE'AR. v, «. pret. I forbore, an- 
 cienily forbare ; part, forbornj [popba.*- 
 jian, Sax. For has in composition the 
 power of privation ; rs, forbear: or de- 
 pravation; CIS, for stcear^ and other pow- 
 ers not easily explained.] 
 
 1. To cease from any thing; to intermit. 
 
 Who can forbear to admire anfi adure him who 
 weighed the mountains in scales, and the lulls in 
 a balance. Cheyne. 
 
 2. To pause ; to delay. 
 
 T pray you, tarry . pause a day or two, 
 Before vou hazard ; for in chuiing wrong, 
 I lose your company ; therefore Jorbear a while. 
 
 Sbakesp. 
 
 3. To omit voluntarily ; not to do; to ab- 
 stain. 
 
 He forbare to go forth. 1 Sa. xxiii. 13. 
 
 At tliis he started, and forbore to swear ; 
 Not out of conscience of the sin, but fear. Dryden. 
 
 The wolf, the lion, and tlie bear, 
 When t'ney their prey in pieces tear, 
 To quarrel with thcmstlves Jiv/fcac. Dcnham. 
 
 4. To restrain any violence of temper ; to 
 be patient. 
 
 By \*jn^ forbearing is a prince persuaded, and 
 a solt tongue bicakt-th the bone. Frov. xxv. 15. 
 
 To Forbear, v. a. 
 
 1. To decline ; to avoid voluntarily. 
 
 Forbear his presence, until time hath qualified 
 the heat of his displeasure. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 So angry bulls the combat do forbear ^ 
 When from the wood a lion does appear. Waller. 
 
 2. To abstain from; to shun to do; to 
 omit. 
 
 If it passed only by the house of peers, it should 
 be looked upon as nivalid and vuid, and execu- 
 tion should be thereupon yi)r6(?rn or suspended. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 There is not anyone action whatsoever which 
 a man ouglit to do, or to forbear, but the Scrip- 
 ture will give him a clear prece(it or prohibition 
 for it. South. 
 
 3. To spare ; to treat with clemency. 
 
 With all lowliness and meekness, with lonii suf- 
 fering, forbearing one another in love. Eph. iv. 2. 
 
 4. To withhold. 
 
 Forbear thee from meddling with God, wlio 
 is witii me, that he destroy thee not. 
 
 2 Chron. xxxv. 21. 
 
 Forbe'arance. n.s. [from forbear.] 
 1. The care of avoiding or shunning any 
 thing ; negation of practice. 
 
 True nobleness would 
 Learn him forbearance from so foul a wrong. Shak, 
 
 FOR 
 
 '1 Ills may convince us Iiow vastly greater a 
 jjleasure is constHiufnt upon the forbearance u( 
 sin, than can possibly accompany tlie connnission 
 of it. Soutk. 
 
 Liberty is the power a man has to do, or for- 
 bear doing, aTiy particidar action, acc(.rding as 
 its doing or forbearance has the actual prL-fcT(;nce 
 in the nnnd. Locke. 
 
 2. Intermission of something. 
 
 3. Command of temper. 
 
 Have a continent yor/jfarance, 'till the speed of 
 liis rage goes >lov\er. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 4. Lenity; delay of punishment; mild- 
 ness, 
 
 Kor do I take notice of this instance of severity 
 in our own country to justify such .i proceeding, 
 but oid\' to display tlie mildness nwd forbear unci 
 made use of under the reign of Iiis prfseiu ma- 
 jesty. Addisons Frcch'ihUr. 
 
 lie applies to our gratitude by ohligaiiuns of 
 kindiiejs and beneficence, of long sutlering and 
 forbtarance. liogers. 
 
 Forbe'arer. n.s. [from /(;j*Z»f or,] An 
 intermitter; interceptor of any thing. 
 
 The West as a father all goodness doth bring, 
 The East a jorhearcr, no manner of thing. Tusser. 
 
 To FORBl'D. v.a. pret. I forbade ; part. 
 forbidden or forbid, [pojabeoban. Sax. 
 verbiedcn, Dut.] 
 
 1, To prohibit; to interdict any thing. 
 
 A witch, a quean, an old cozening quc;in ; 
 have 1 not forbid her my house? Shakesp. 
 
 It is 
 The practice and the purpose of the king, 
 From whose obedience I forbid my soul. Shakesp. 
 
 By tasting of that fruit /brbij, 
 Where they sought knowledge, they did error 
 find. Davies. 
 
 The voice of reason, in all the dictates of natu- 
 ral morality, ought carefully to be attended to, 
 by a strict observance of what it commands, but 
 especially of what it forbids. South. 
 
 All hatred of persons, by very many Christian 
 principles, we are most solemnly and indispensa- 
 bly forbid. Sprat. 
 
 The chaste and holy race 
 Are all Jorbidden this polluted place. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 2. To command to forbear any thing, 
 
 She with so sweet a rigour /ortad him, that he 
 durst not rebel. Sidnc\). 
 
 They have determined to consume all those 
 things that God hath forbidden them to eat by his 
 laws. Judith^ xi. 12. 
 
 ;i. To oppose; to hinder. 
 
 The moisture being fcrbidden to come up in the 
 plant, sla^eth longer ni the root, and so dilateth 
 It. ^ Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 The plaster alone would pen the humour, and 
 so exasperate it as \\g\\ as forbid new humour. Bac. 
 
 Thy throne is darkness' in th' abyss of light, 
 A Filaze of glory ilmt forbids the sight! 
 O ttacli me to believe thee thus cunceal'd, 
 And search no farther than thyself revcal'd. Drud. 
 
 4. To accurse ; to blast. Now obsolete. 
 To bid is in old language to pi-ai/ ; to 
 forbid therefore is to curse. 
 
 Sleep shall neither night nor day 
 Hanir upon his |.>enthouse lid ; 
 He siiall live a m-dw forbid-. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To Forbi'd. V, n. To utter a prohibi- 
 tion. 
 
 Now tlie good gods ^/m*6(V/, 
 That our renowned Rome 
 Should now eat up her own! Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Forbi'ddance, n.s. [from forbid.] Pro- 
 hibition ; edict against any thing. 
 
 How hast thou yielded to transgress 
 The strict_/i)j'fti(^t/«(u'e.' liow to violate 
 The sacred fruit forbidden? Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Forbi'ddenly. adv. [from forbid.] In 
 an unlawful manner. 
 
 FOR 
 
 With all confidence he swears, as he had secn't. 
 That you liave touch'd his queen JarticiJen/y. 
 
 Shak. 
 
 Forbi'dder. n.s. [froni forbid.] One 
 that prohibits; one that enacts a pro- 
 hibition. 
 
 This was a bold accusation of God, making the 
 fountain of flood the contriver of evil, anu the 
 J'orhulder of the crime an abettor of the fact pro- 
 hibited. Brawn. 
 
 Other care, perhaps. 
 May have diverted from continual watch 
 Our grrat fnrbidiler! Mi/fon'j Par. Lott. 
 
 roRBl'DDiNG. participial adj . [from /or- 
 bid.'] Raising abhorrence; repelling 
 approach ; causing aversion. 
 Tragedy was made JorhidJmg and horrible. 
 
 A. Hid. 
 
 FORCE, n.s. \Jorci;, Fr. fords, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Strength ; vigour ; might ; active power. 
 He never could maintain iiis j)art but in ti»e 
 
 fon:e of liis will. Shakesp. Much ado about Xothing. 
 
 A sliip, which hath struck sail, doth run 
 ByJ(7/re of that force wiiich before it won. Donrw. 
 
 2. Violence. 
 
 'i'hus got tlie house of Lancaster the crown. 
 Which now they hold by force, and not by right. 
 
 Shakc^. 
 
 The shepherd Paris bore the Spartan bride 
 Jiy fmre away, and then by farce cnjoy'd ; 
 Bui I by free consent. Dryden. 
 
 3. Virtue ; efficacy. 
 
 JManifest it is, that tlie very majesty and holi- 
 ness of the place where God is worshipped, hath, 
 in regard of us, great virtue, force and efficacy ; 
 for that it serveth as a sensible help to stir up de- 
 votion. _ _ Hooker. 
 
 No definitions, no suppositions of any sect, are 
 of force enough to destroy constant experience. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 4. Validness ; power of law. 
 
 A testament is of ^brce after men are dead. 
 
 Heb. \x. 
 Not lone in force this charter stood ; 
 Wanting that seal, it must be seal'd in blood. 
 
 Denh. 
 
 5. Armament ; warlike preparation. Often 
 forces in the plural. 
 
 Thou ! whose captain I account myself. 
 Look on my forces with a gracious eye. 
 
 Shak. R. in. 
 
 The secret of the power of Spain consisteth in 
 
 a veteran army, coiupounded of miscellany /t>rct» 
 
 of all nations. ' ^acon. 
 
 A greater ^"orcc than that which here we find, 
 Ne'er press'd the ocean, nor eniploy'd the wind. 
 
 IValler. 
 
 Those victorious forces of the rebels were net 
 
 able to sustain your arms. Dryden. 
 
 ii. Destiny; necessity; fatal compulsion. 
 
 To Force, v.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To compel ; to constrain. 
 
 Djngers are light, if they once seem light; and 
 more dangers have deceived men than^iirccdthem. 
 
 Hactfii. 
 
 1 have been forced to use the cant words of 
 Whig and Tory. Suift'a Etainiiier. 
 
 The actions and operations did force tlieiu 
 upon dividing the sii)«:lc idea. 
 
 Broome's View of Epic Poem. 
 
 2. To overpower by strength. 
 
 O that fortune 
 Had brought me to the field where thou art fani'd 
 To have wrought stich wonders with an ass's jaw, 
 I should have^tfrc'd thee soon with other arms. 
 
 Milton. 
 With fates averse, the rout in arms resort. 
 To force their monarch, and insult the court. 
 
 Drudei:. 
 
 3. To impel ; to press ; to draw or push 
 by main strength. 
 
 Thou shalt not destroy tlie trees by forcing an 
 ax against tbeoi, Deut. ix. 19. 
 
 749
 
 FOR 
 
 Stooping, the spear debcended on his chine, 
 Just where the bune dislineuish'd either loin : 
 It stuck so fast, so deeply our^'d la^. 
 That scarce the victor forc'd tiie steel awaj'. Dryd. 
 
 4. To enforce; to urge. 
 
 Three biust'ring nights, born by the southern 
 blast, 
 1 floated, and discover'd land at last: 
 High on a niouiUin^ wave my head 1 bore, 
 Forcing my strength, and gathering to the shore. 
 
 Drydeiis ^n. 
 Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, 
 1 conie to pluck your berries harsh and crude. 
 And with forc'd hn^ers rtute 
 Shatter our leaves before the mellowing year. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 5. To drive by violence or power. 
 
 This way of flattering their willing benefactors 
 out of part, contrived another of forcijig their un- 
 willing neighbours out of all their possessions. 
 
 Decuy of Piety. 
 To free the ports, and ope the Punique laud 
 To Trojan guests : lest, ignorant of fate, 
 The queen might ^orce them from her town and 
 state. Dryd. 
 
 6. To gain by violence or power. 
 
 My heart is yours ; hut, oh ! you left it here 
 Abandon'd to those lyrants hope and fear: 
 If they forcd from me one kind Innk or word, 
 Could you not that, nor that small part art'ord ? 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 7. To storm ; to take or enter by violence. 
 
 Troy wall'd so high, 
 Atrides niiglit as well have forc'd the sky. Wallei'. 
 
 Heav'n from all ages wisely di'l provide 
 This wealth, and fur the bravest nation liide ; 
 Who witli four hundred fool, and forty horse. 
 Dare boldly go a new found world \.o force. Dryd. 
 
 8. To ravish ; to violate by force. 
 
 Force her. — I like it nnt. Dryden. 
 
 9. To constrain ; to distort; not to obtain 
 natiu*ally or with ease. 
 
 Our general taste in England is for epigram, 
 turns of wit, and forced conceits. Addisons Spec. 
 
 10. To man ; to strengthen by soldiers ; 
 to garrison. 
 
 Here let them lye, 
 'Till famine and the ague eat them up: [onr's, 
 "Were they not forced with those that should be 
 We might have met them dareful, beard to beard. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 If you find that any great number of soldiers 
 be newly sent into Oroonoque, and that the pas- 
 sages be already^brcerf, then be well advised how 
 you land. Baleigh's Apobgy. 
 
 1 i. To force out. To extort. 
 
 The heat of the dispute had forced out from 
 Luther expressions that seemed to make his doc- 
 trine run hiirher than really it did. Atterhnrij. 
 fo Force, v. a. To lay stress upon. 'J his 
 word I have only found in the follow- 
 in(T passage. 
 
 That morning that he was to join battle "ith 
 Harold, his armorer put on his backpiece before, 
 and his breastplate behind ; the which being espied 
 by some that stood bv, was taken among the^n 
 for an ill token, and therefore advised liini not to 
 fioflit that day ; to wliom the duke answered, I 
 force not of such fooleries ; but if I have any .-.kill 
 in soothsaying, as in sooth I have none, it doth 
 prognosticate that I shall change copy from a 
 du e to a king. Camden's Remaiiu. 
 
 Fo'rcedly. adv. [horn forced] Violently; 
 constrainedly ; unnatiu'ally. 
 
 This foundation of the earth upon the waters 
 doth most a].'tlv agree to that structure of the 
 abyss and anteVliluviaii earth; but very impro- 
 perly nudfnrrtdlti to the present form of ihe earth 
 and tlie waters. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Fo'rceful. itdj [fo7'ce and full.] Vio- 
 lent; strong; driven with great might ; 
 impetuous. 
 
 Why, what need we 
 Coramune with you of this, but rather follow 
 Out forceful instigation? Shakesp. Winters Ttde. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Against the steed lie threw 
 His forceful spe;ir, wliich, hissing as it flew, 
 Pierc'd through the jieliiini; planks. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 Were it b\ clianci', urforctjid destiny, 
 Wliicll forms in causes llfsl wiiate'er shall be, 
 Assisted 'i_v a friend, one moonless niglu, 
 This Paleiiion from prison took his iiiglit. Dryd. 
 
 He pbis'd in air, the jav'lin sent. 
 Through Pans' shield the forceful weapon went. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Fo'rcefully. adv. [from forceful.] Vio- 
 lently ; impetuously. 
 
 Fo'rceless. atJJ. [IVom force.'] Having 
 little force; weak; leeble ; impotent. 
 
 FORCEPS, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 Forceps properly signi/ies a pair of tongs; but is 
 used for an iiistrunieiit in chirurgery, to extract 
 any thing out of wounds, aud the like occasions. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 Fo'rcer. n. s. [from force] 
 
 1. That wliich forces, drives, or con- 
 strains. 
 
 2. The embolus of a pump working by 
 pulsion, in contradistinction to a sucker, 
 which acts by attraction. 
 
 The usual means for the ascent of water is 
 ehlier by suckers ur forcers. Wiikins's Dadalus. 
 Fo'uciBLE. adj. [i'rom force.] 
 
 1. Strong; mighty: opposed io weak. 
 That pnnishiuent, whicli hatli been sometimes 
 
 forcible to bridle sin, may grow afterwards too 
 "weak and feeble. Hooker. 
 
 Who therefore can invent 
 With what more forcible we may offend 
 Our yet uiiwouiided eneuiies? Milton. 
 
 2. Violent ; impetuous. 
 
 Jersey, belov'd by all ; for all raust feel 
 I'lie iiitlucnee of a form aud mind. 
 
 Where comely grace and constant virtue dwell. 
 Like niingl'd streams, mine forcihle whenjoin'd : 
 Jersey shall at thy altars stand, 
 Shall lliere receive the azure band. Prior. 
 
 3. Efficacious: active; powerful. 
 
 Sweet smells ai-e most /i>rf iWe in dry substances, 
 when broken; and so likewise in oran^^es, the 
 ripping of their rind giveth out their smell more. 
 Bacons Natural History. 
 
 4. Prevalent ; of gre.at influence. 
 
 How f()rri&/f are right words? _ Job. 
 
 God iiatli assured us, that there is no inclina- 
 tion or temptation su forcible which our humble 
 prayers and desires may not frustrate and break 
 asunder. Raleigh's History. 
 
 5. Done by force ; suffered by force. 
 He swifter far, 
 
 Me overlook, his mother all dismay'd, 
 Aiid in embraces /i>rci6/e and foul 
 Ini^cnd'ring with me. Milton. 
 
 The abdication of king James, the advocates 
 on that side look upon to have hcen forcible and 
 unjust, and consequently void. Swift. 
 
 G. \a\\d ; binding ; obligatory. 
 
 Fo'rcibleness. 11. s. [from forcible.] 
 Force; violence. 
 
 Fo'RClBLY. adv. [from forcible.] 
 
 1. Strongly ; powerftilly. 
 
 The GosJR'i offers such considerations as are fit 
 to work very forcibly upon two of the most sway- 
 ins and gov'etidiig passions in the mind, our hopes 
 aivl our "fears. Tillolwi. 
 
 •2. impetuously; with great strength. 
 3. Ry violence ; by force. 
 
 He himself with greedy great desire 
 Into the castle eliteV'd forcibly. Pairii Queen. 
 
 The takiuo and eariying away of women ^iii-- 
 cihlii, aiiil against their will, except female wards 
 and bondwtTuien, was made capital. 
 
 Bac. Hen. \U. 
 
 This doctrine brings us down to the level of 
 
 horse and mule, whose mouths areforcihlu holdcn 
 
 with bit anil briiUe. Hammond. 
 
 FoRciPATED. adj [from forceps.] Form- 
 
 F O R 
 
 ed like a pair of pincers to open and 
 inclose. 
 
 The locust^ have antennic, or long horns before, 
 with a long falcation o! forcifated tail behind. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 When they have seized their prey, they will so 
 tenaciously hold it with their f'orcipated mouth, 
 that they will not part therewith, even when 
 tal^en out of the waters. Derham, 
 
 FORD. «. s. [popb. Sax. from pajtan to 
 
 pass.] 
 1. A shallow part of a river where it oiay 
 be passed without swimming. 
 Her men the paths rode through made by hcF 
 sword ; 
 They pass the stream, when she had found thejbrd. 
 
 Paiifax. 
 
 -2. It sometimes signifies the stream, the 
 current, without any consideration of 
 pa.ssagc or shallowness. 
 
 Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards 
 The f'lu-d, and of itself the water Ihes 
 All taste of living wight. MiUon^s Par. Lost. 
 
 Ri>e, wretched widow ! rise ; nor undeplor'd 
 Permit my ghost to jiass the Stygian ford: 
 
 But rise, prepar'd in black to n.ouni thy pe- 
 rish'd lord. Dryden. 
 
 To Ford. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 pass without swiinming. 
 
 Adam's shin-bones must have contained a thou- 
 sand fathom, and much more, if he had forded 
 the ocean. Bakigh^s Histm-y. 
 
 Fording his current where thou find st it low. 
 
 Denfiam. 
 
 Fo'rdable. adj. [fromford.] Passable 
 without swimming. 
 
 Pliny pUceth the .Schenita? upon the Euphrates, 
 where *the same beginneth to be fordable. 
 
 Paleigh. 
 A countryman sounded a river up and down, 
 to try where it was most fordable : and where the 
 water ran too smooih, he found it deepest; and, 
 on the contrary, shcillowest where it niade most 
 noise. VFstrange. 
 
 FORE. adj. [pope. Sax.] 
 
 1. Anterior; that which is before; not 
 behind. 
 
 Though there is an orb or spherical area of the 
 sound, yet they move strongest and go farthest ia 
 the_/i«'e lines from the first local impression. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. That which comes first in a progressive 
 motion. 
 
 Resistance in fluids arises from their greater 
 pressing on the fore than hind part of the bodies 
 moving in them. Cheyne. 
 
 Fore. adv. 
 
 1. Anteriorly; in the part which appears 
 first to those that meet it. 
 
 Each of them will bear sis demiciilverins and 
 four sakers, needing no other addition than a 
 slight spar deck fore and aft, whicb is a slight 
 deck throughout. Raleigh's Kssai^. 
 
 2. Fore is a word much used in composi- 
 tion to mark priority of time, of which 
 some examples shall be given. A vi- 
 tious orthography has confounded for 
 and fore in composition. 
 
 To FoREADVi'sE. v.Ji. [fore and advice.] 
 To counsel early ; to coun^el before the 
 time of action, or the event. 
 
 Thus to have said. 
 As von wercforeadvis'd, had touch'd his spirit. 
 And tried his inclination. Shake.^p. Coriotanus. 
 
 To FoREAPPo'lNT. v.n. [fore and ap- 
 point.] To order beforehand. 
 
 To Forea'rm. r. a. [fore and arm.] To 
 provide for attack or resistance before 
 the time of need. 
 
 750
 
 FOR 
 
 A man should fix and firearm his niiiid with 
 this peisuasioii, that, during his (jassioii, wlialsu- 
 evet is oflered tu his imagination lends only to 
 deceive. South. 
 
 He firrearms liis care 
 With rules to push his fortune, or to bear. Diyd. 
 
 To Forebo'de. v.n. [fore and bode.] 
 "1. To prognosticate ; to foretell. 
 
 An ancient augur, skill'd in future fate, 
 With these fonboiling words restrains their hate. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 2. To foreknow ; to be prescient of ; to 
 
 feel a secret sense of something future. 
 
 Fate makes v"" deaf, while I in vain ini|>lure: 
 
 Wv heari forehodes I ne'er shall see vou more. Drj/d. 
 
 Mv soiil foreboikd I should find the bdw'r 
 or some fell monster, tierce with barb'rous pow'r. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Forebo'der. n.s. [from /oreiorfe.] 
 
 1. A prognosticator ; a soothsayer. 
 
 Your raven has a reputation in the world for a 
 bird of omen, and a kind of small prophet: a 
 crow that had observed the raven's manner and 
 wray of delivering his predictions, sets up for a 
 Joreboder. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. A foreknower. 
 
 Foreby'. prep, [fore and %.] Near ; 
 hard by ; fast by. 
 I^ot far away he hence doth won 
 f.ireli/ a fountain, where I late him left. Fairy Q. 
 
 To Forecast, v. a. [fore and cast.] 
 
 1. To scheme ; to plan before execution. 
 
 He shall firecait his devices against the strung 
 holds. Van. -\i. 
 
 2. To adjust ; to contrive antecedently. 
 The feast was serv'd ; the time so »ell_/<)rcra5t, 
 
 Tliat just w hen the dessert and fruits were plac'd, 
 The fiend's alarm began. X>ri;ii. Theod. andHorwria. 
 
 3. To foresee; to^provide against. 
 
 It is wisdom to consider the end of things be- 
 fore we embark, and to forecast consequences. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 To Foreca'st. v. n. To form schemes; 
 to contrive beforehand. 
 
 And whatso heavens in their secret doom 
 Ordained have, how can frail fieshy wight 
 Forecast, but it must needs to issue come ? Spenser. 
 
 When broad awake, she finds in troublous flit. 
 Forecasting how his fie he might annoy. Fairy Q. 
 Fo'recast. n. s. [from the verb.] Con- 
 trivance beforehand; scheme; plan; an- 
 tecedent policy. 
 
 Alas ! that Warwick had no more firecast. 
 But while he thought to steal the single ten. 
 The king was slily finger'd from the deck ! Shak. 
 
 He makes this difference to arise from the ^/ore- 
 cast and predetermination of the gods. Addison. 
 
 The last, scarce ripen'd into perfect man, 
 Saw helpless him from whom their life began : 
 Mem'ry and /ijrcrast just returns engage ; 
 That pointed back to youth, this on to age. Pope. 
 
 Foreca'ster. n.s. [from forecast.] One 
 who contrives beforehand. 
 
 Fo'recastle. n. s. [/ore and castle.] In 
 a ship, is that part where the foremast 
 stands, and is divided from the rest of 
 the floor by a bulk-head : that part of 
 the forecastle which is aloft, and not in 
 the hold, is called the prow. Harris. 
 The commodity of the new cook-room th.e 
 merchants have found to he so great, as that, in 
 all their ships, the cook-rooras are built in their 
 firecastles, contrary to that which had been an- 
 cientlv used. Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Forecho'sen. part, [fore and chosen.] 
 
 Pre-elected. 
 FoRECI'TED./(ffr^ [foreandcite.] Quoted 
 before, or above. 
 
 Greaves is of opinion, that the alteration men- 
 tioned in liialfirecited passage is continued. 
 
 Arbuth. 
 
 r o R 
 
 To FoRFXLo'sE. t\ a. [fore and close.] 
 
 1. To shut up ; to preclude ; to prevent. 
 The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade. 
 
 Carew 
 
 2. To foreclose a JMortgagCj is to cut oflF 
 ihe power of redemption. 
 
 Fo'redeck. n. s. [/ore and deck.] The 
 anteriour part of the ship. 
 
 I to t\\e foredeck went, and thence did look 
 For rocky Sc3lla. Chapman s Odijsseii. 
 
 To Foredesi'gn. v. a. [fore and design.] 
 To plan beforehand. 
 
 All the steps of the growth and vegetation both 
 of animals and plants, have been foreseen and 
 foredesigned by the wise Author of nature. Chej/ne. 
 
 To FoREDo'. v,a. [from for and do, not 
 
 fore.] 
 
 1. To ruin ; to destroy. A word obsolete. 
 Opposed to making happy. 
 
 Beseeching hira, if either salves or oils, 
 
 A foredone wight from door of death might raise, 
 
 He would at her request prolong her nephew's 
 
 daj's. fairy Queen. 
 
 That diew on men God's hatred and his wrath, 
 
 And manv souls in dolours h^d foredone. Fairy Q. 
 
 'rhis doth betoken. 
 The corse they foJlow did with desperate hand 
 Foredo its own life. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 This is the night 
 Tliat either makes me, or foredoes me quite. Shak. 
 
 2. To overdo; to weary ; to harass. 
 
 ^\ hiUt the heavy plowman snoars, 
 All whh weary task foredone. Skahesp. 
 
 To FoREDo'oM. r. fl. [fore and doom,] 
 To predestinate; to determine before- 
 hand. 
 
 Through various hazards and events we move 
 To Latium, and the iea\ais foredoom' d by Jove. 
 
 Drydens ^n. 
 The willing metal will obey thy hand, 
 Following with ease : if favour'd by thy fate, 
 Thou art foredoom' d to view the Stygian state. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Tate foredoom' d, and all things tend 
 By coursf of time to their appointed end. Dfyd. 
 
 Here Britain's statesmen ott the fall foredoom 
 Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs at iiome. Pope. 
 
 FoRE-END. n.s. [fore and end.] The 
 anteriour part. 
 
 I have liv'd at honest freedom ; p;ud 
 IMore pious Hebts to hea\en than in all 
 the fure-cnd of my time. Shakesp. Cumbelme. 
 
 In tlie fore-end of it, which was towards hint, 
 grew a sn'ial! green braucli of palm. Bacon. 
 
 Forefather. 7i. s. [foj-e and f other.] 
 Ancestor; one who in any degree of 
 ascending genealogy precedes another. 
 
 Thecustum of ihe people of God, and the de- 
 crees of OUT Jorejathen, are to be kept, touchina 
 those things wh'ereof the Scripture liaih neithel- 
 one way or other given us charge. Hooker. 
 
 If it be a generous desire iu men to know from 
 whence tlieir own forgathers have come, it cannot 
 be displeasing to understand the place of our first 
 ancestor. Raleigh's History. 
 
 Conceit is still deriv'd 
 From <iome forejather grief; mine is not so. Shak. 
 
 Shall 1 not be distraught, 
 And madly play with m\ forefathers joints? Shak. 
 
 Our grent forefathers 
 Had left him n ught to conquer but his country. 
 
 Addisoti. 
 When a man sees the prodigious pains o\ir fore- 
 fathers have been at in these barbarous buildnigs, 
 one cannot but fancy what miracles of architec- 
 ture they would liave left us, had they been in- 
 structed in the right way. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Blest Peer! his ^reat forefathers ev'ry grace 
 Reflecting, and reHected in his race. Pope. 
 
 To Forefe'nd. v. a. [It is doubtful whe- 
 ther from fo7'€ or for and deftnd. If 
 
 FOR 
 
 from fore, it implies antecedent provu 
 sion; as forearm: if from /br prohibi- 
 tory security ; as forbid. Of the two 
 following examples one favours y^r, and 
 the other /ore] 
 
 1. To prohibit ; to avert. 
 
 I would not kill tliv unprepared spirit ; 
 No, heav 'ns^brc/'en^r.' I would not kill thy soul. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Perhaps a fever, which the goAsforefend, 
 May bring your youth to some untimefj* end. 
 
 DryA. 
 
 2. To provide for ; to secure. 
 
 Down with the nose, 
 Down with it flat: take the bridge quite away 
 Of him, that, his partrciilar toyt^rr/e/u/. 
 Smells from the gen'ral weal. Shakesp. 
 
 Forefi'nger. n.s. [fore and finger.] 
 The finger next to the thumb ; the index. 
 
 An agate stone 
 On the Jorefiu^er of an alderman. Shakesp. 
 
 Potvmnia snail be drawn, as it were, acthig her 
 speech with her forejinger. Peacham on Dravi^i;. 
 Some wear tliis on the middlc-fniger, as the an- 
 cient Gauis and Britons ; and some upon ihe^in-c- 
 fnger. Brown. 
 
 Fo'refoot. n.s. iplwr. forefeet, [/"ore and 
 foot.] The anteriour foot of a qua.dru- 
 ped : in contempt, a hand. 
 
 Give nie ihy fist, thy forefoot to me give. Sliak. 
 
 Fie ran fiercely, and smote at Heliodorus with 
 his forefeet. 2 Mac. iii. S-X 
 
 I continue my line from thence to the heel ; 
 then making the breast with the euiinency tliere- 
 of, bring out his near forefoot, which I finish. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 To Forego', v. a. [fore and go.] 
 
 1. To quit; to give up ; to resign. 
 
 Is it her nature, or is it her will. 
 To be so cruel tu an humble foe.' 
 
 If nature, then she may it mend with skill ; 
 If will, then she at w ill may will forego. Spenstr. 
 
 Having all before absdately in his power, it re- 
 roaineth so still, he liavin^ already neither fore- 
 
 fiven nor foregone any thing thereby unto thern. 
 ut having received something from t'heiu. Spenser 
 
 He is a great adventurer, s^id he. 
 That hath his sword through hard essay foregone , 
 
 And iiow hath vowed 'till he avenged be 
 Of that despite, never to wearen none. Fairy Q. 
 
 Special rt^ason oftentimes Crtuseih the will to 
 prefer one good thiiii; h^lOH'a'.Klher; to It-ave i-iif 
 for anutlier s sake, t^y forego meaner for the atlain- 
 ment of higher degr».*es. Hooker 
 
 Must I then Iea\e you? Must I needs Jorrgo 
 So good, so noble, and so true a master? Shakesp. 
 
 Let us not forego 
 That for a trifle which was bought with blood. 
 
 Shake^. 
 
 How can I live without thee ! hovt forego 
 Thy sweet converse, and love so dcarlv join'd. 
 To live again in these w ild woods forlorn ! Milton. 
 
 This argument miglit prevail with yon to foregc 
 a little of your repose for the pnblick benefit. Vnjd. 
 
 What they have enjoyed with great pleasure' at 
 one time, has proved insipid or nauseous at ano- 
 ther ; and therefore they see nothing in it, for which 
 they shouId_/bre|;ii a present cujo^'raenl. Lockt. 
 
 2. To go before ; to be past, [from fore 
 and go.] 
 
 By our remembrances of days foregone^ 
 Sucfi were our faults : O ! then we thought thera 
 not. Shakesp. 
 
 It is to be understood of Cain, that many years 
 foregone and when his people were increased, he 
 *buift the city of Enoch. Raleigh. 
 
 Reflect upon the two /i*resoiH^ objections. BoijU. 
 
 Th\^ foregoing remark gives ttie reason why imi- 
 tation pleases. Dryden'sDufresnoy. 
 
 I was seated in my elbow-chair, where Iliad in- 
 dulged theforegoing speculations. Add'ison. 
 
 In the Joregoing part of this wurk 1 promised 
 proofs. \\ oodaard. 
 
 3. To lose. 
 
 751
 
 FOR 
 
 This is the very ecstasy of love. 
 Whose violent property foregoes itself, 
 And leads the will tu despemte iiuderltikings. Shak. 
 
 Forego'er. 71. s. [from forego.] An- 
 cestor; progenitor. 
 
 Honours best thrive. 
 When rather from our acts we them derive 
 Tlian OUT Joregoers. Shakesp. 
 
 ToREGRouND. 71. s, [fo7'e and gt'o tin (L] 
 The part of the field or expanse of a 
 picttire which seems to he before the 
 figures. 
 
 Allagree that white can subsist ou the foregroinid 
 of the picture : the question therefore h to know, 
 if it can equally be placed upon that which is 
 backward, the liglit being universal, and tlic 
 figures supposed to be in an open field. Dryden. 
 
 Forehand. 7t.s. [fore and /ia?id.] 
 
 1. The part of a horse which is before the 
 rider. 
 
 2. The chief part. Not in use. 
 
 The great Achilles whom opinion crowns 
 Tiie sinew and {hcforthand of our host. Shakesp. 
 
 Fo'rehand. adj. Done sooner than is 
 regular. 
 
 You'll say she did embrace me as a husband, 
 And so extenuate the Jorehand sin. Shukesp. 
 
 Foreha'nded. 71, s. [from /ore and 
 /land.] 
 
 1. Early ; timely. 
 
 If by thus doiiigyou have not secured your time 
 by an early and Jorehanded care, yet be sure, by 
 a timely diligence, to redeem the time. Taylor. 
 
 2. Formed in the foreparts. 
 
 He's aaubstanttal true-bred beast, hravelyyore- 
 handed : mark but the cleanness of liis shapes too. 
 
 Di-yden. 
 
 Fo'rehead. 71. s. [fore and head] 
 
 1. That part of the face which reaches 
 from the eyes upward to the hair. 
 
 '1 he breast of Hecuba, 
 When she did •f.uckle Hector, look'd not lovelier 
 Than HGCior'ii J oreheud when it spit forth blood 
 AtGrecian swords contending. .Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 Some angc! copy'd, while 1 slept, each grace. 
 And moulded ev'ry feature from my face : 
 Such majesty does from her forehead rise* 
 Her clieeks such blushes cast, such rays her eyes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2, Impudence; confidence ; assurance ; au- 
 daciousness ; audacity. The forehead 
 is the part on which shame visibly ope- 
 rates, 
 
 A man of confidence presseth forward upon 
 every appearance of advantage; where his force is 
 too feeble, he ])revails by dint of impudence: 
 these men o( forehead are magnificent in pronjises, 
 and infallible in their prescriptions. Collier. 
 
 I would fain know to what brunch of the legisla- 
 ture they can have ihtt forehead to apply. Swft. 
 
 FoREHOLDiNG. 71. s. [fore and hoM.] 
 Predictions ; ominous accounts ; super- 
 stitious progno.stications. 
 
 How are superslitiuus men bagged out of their 
 wits with the fancy of omens, J'ore/ioWiwgs, and 
 old wives tales! L'Estrange. 
 
 FO REIGN, adj, [foy-aln, Fr. forano. 
 
 Span. i^Yoxn jorisy Lat.] 
 1. Not of this country ; not domestick. 
 
 Your son, that with a fearful soul 
 Leads discontented steps in foreignsoW, 
 This fair alliance quickly shall c;dl home. Shakesp. 
 
 The learned correspondence you hold in foreign 
 parts. ^Milion. 
 
 The positions are so far from being new, tliattliey 
 are co.nmonly to be met with in both ancient and 
 modern, domestick andjoreign writers. Atterhurij. 
 
 The parties and divisions amongst us may seve- 
 ral ways bring destruction upon our country, at 
 the same lime that our united force would secure 
 us against all the attempts of a foreign enemy. 
 
 Addisons I'reeh, 
 
 FOR 
 
 2. Alien; remote; iu>t allied ; not belong- 
 ing ; without relition. It is often used 
 with to; but more properly w'lih. from. 
 
 I must 'lissfiid)le. 
 And speak aiangua ;f/(ire(i;nfo my heart. Addison 
 
 Fame is a good so w holly /crei^n to oui nalures, 
 that we hav- no faculty in the soul adapled to it, 
 nor any organ in thr body to relish it, placed out 
 of the possibility of fruition. Addison. 
 
 This design is* wui J ortign from some people's 
 tliouglits. Suift. 
 
 3. Excluded ; not admitted ; held at a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 The^ will not stick to say you envied Idm ; 
 And fearing he would rise, he was so virtuous, 
 Kept liim aforeign man still ; which so eriev'd htm, 
 That he ran mad and died. Shakesp. Henry VI II. 
 
 4. [In law.] A foreign plea, placitian 
 forhisecum ; as being a plea out of the 
 
 proper court of justice. 
 
 5. Extraneous; adventitious in general. 
 
 There are who, fondly studious of increase, 
 'K\c\\ foreign mould in their ill-uatur'd land 
 Ir.duce. Philips. 
 
 Fo'reigner. 71. s, [from foi-eig7i.] A 
 man that comes from another country ; 
 not a native; a stranger, 
 
 Joy is such -djoreigner. 
 So mere a stranger to my thoughts, I know 
 Not how to entertain him. Denhajn's Sophy. 
 
 To this false J(7rd^?ier you give your throne. 
 And wrong'd a friend, a kinsman, and a son. 
 
 Dryden s JEn. 
 Water is the only native of England made use 
 of in punch ; but the lemons, the brandy, the sugar, 
 and the nutmegs, are hW foreigners. Addison. 
 
 Nor could tlie majesty of the English crown ap- 
 pear in a greater lustre, either to fi/reigners or sub- 
 jects. Siiift. 
 FoREiGNNEss. 71. s. [from/orf?g*M,] Re- 
 moteness; want of relation to something. 
 
 Let notthe^(irf/gn?(fssof the subject hinder you 
 from endeavouring to set me right. 
 
 To Foreima'gine. v. a. [fore and ima- 
 gine,] To conceive or fancy before proof. 
 
 We are within compass oi aforeimagined possi- 
 bility in that behalf. Camden's Remains. 
 
 To Forejudge, v. a. [fore and judge.] 
 To judge beforehand; to be prepos- 
 sessed ; to prejudge. 
 
 To FoREKNo'w. v.a. [fore and know,] 
 To have prescience of; to foresee. 
 
 \V^e foreknow tliat the sun will rise and set, that 
 all men born in the world shall die again ; that after 
 Winter the Spring shall come; alter the Spring, 
 Summer and Harvest; yet is not our foreknow- 
 ledgethe cause of any of tliose. Raleigh. 
 
 He foreknew John should not suffer a violent 
 death, but go into his grave in peace. Brown. 
 
 Caichas the sacred seer, who had in view 
 Things present and the past, and things to come 
 foreknew. Dryden s Iliad. 
 
 Who would the miseries of man f or ehunv? 
 Not knowing, we but share our nart of woe. Dryd. 
 
 FoREKNO'WABLE. adj. [from for elc HOW.] 
 Possible to be known before they hap- 
 pen. 
 
 It is certainlyJarf/cHoira^^e what they will do in 
 such and such circumstances. More. 
 
 Foreknowledge. n,.s. [foreandknow- 
 ledge.] Prescience ; knowledge af that 
 which has not yet happened. 
 
 Our being jn Ciirist by \:leTnix\ foreknowledge, 
 savelh us not witliout our actual and real adop- 
 tion into the fellowship of his saints in this pre- 
 sent world. Hooker. 
 I told him you was asleep : he seems to have a 
 foreknowledge of that too, and therefore cliuses to 
 speak with you. Shakesp. 
 
 If I foreknew, 
 Foreknowledge iiad no influence on their fault. 
 Which had no less prov'd, certain unforeknown. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 FOR 
 
 1 liu]ie Iheforckmwleilge you had of my esteem 
 
 for you,, IS llie reason that you do not dhlike mv 
 
 ^'^,"'-'"- Pope. 
 
 Foreland, v.s. [fore and hntd.] A 
 piomontory ; headland ; high land jut- 
 ting into the sea; a cape. 
 
 As wlieii a ship, by skilful steersman wrought, 
 Wigh river's mouili, urjoreland. where the wind 
 V ecri oft, as oft so sieeis, and shifts lier sails. Milt. 
 
 To Forela'y. v. a. [fore and %•] 
 
 1. To lay wait for; to intrap by ambush. 
 A serpent shoots jiis sting at unaware ; 
 
 An amljusli'd ihiet Jmtluys a traveller: 
 The man lies murde'r'd, w'hile the thief and snake 
 One gains the thickets, and one thrids the brake. 
 . Dryden. 
 
 2. To contnve antecedently. 
 
 To Fo'relift. I), a. [fore and lift.] To 
 raise aloft any interiour part. 
 
 So dreadfully he towards him did pass, 
 Forelifti7it; up aloft llis speckled breast ; 
 
 And often bounding on tlie bruised grass. 
 As for great joy of his new couien guest. Spenser. 
 
 Forelock. 7i. s. [fore and lock.] The 
 hair that grows from the forepart of the 
 head. 
 
 Tell her the joyous time will not be staid. 
 Unless she do him by ti\(iforebck take. Spenser, 
 
 Hyacinthiue locks. 
 Round from his" parted forelock manly hung, 
 Clust'ring, but not beneath his shoulders broad. 
 ., , Milton. 
 
 Zeal and duty are not slow. 
 But on occasion's Jorf/ofk watchful wait. Milt. 
 Time is painted with a lock before, and bald he- 
 hind, signifying thereby that we must take time 
 by the Jmdock; for, when it is once past, there is 
 no recalling it. Swift. 
 
 Fo'reman. n.s. [fore and man.] The 
 
 first or chief person. 
 
 He is a very sensible man, shoots flying, and has 
 been several iimesforeman of the petty jmy. Addii, 
 
 Foreme'ntioned. adj. [fore and men- 
 tioned.] Mentioned or recited before. 
 It is observable that many particles are 
 compounded with fore, whose verbs 
 have no such composition. 
 
 Dacier, in the life of Aurelius, has not taken 
 notice of the forementioned ligure on the pillar. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Fo'remost. adj. [from /ore.] 
 1. First in place. 
 
 All three were set among the foremost ranks of 
 fame, for great minds to attempt, and great force 
 to perform what they did attempt. Sidney. 
 
 Our women in \.hL'foi-cnwst ranks appear ; 
 March to the fight, and meet your mistress there. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The bold Sempronius, 
 That still broke foremost through the crowd of 
 
 patriots. 
 As with a hurricane of zeal transported. 
 And virtuous even to madness I Addison's Cato, 
 •2. First in dignity. 
 
 These rk[e Joremost m the field, 
 As they the foremost rank of honour held. Dryden. 
 
 Forena'med. adj. [fore and name.] No- 
 minated before. 
 
 And such are sure ones. 
 As Curius and thti forenamed Lentulus. B. Jonsnn. 
 
 Fo'renoon. 71. s. [fore and noon:] The 
 time of day reckoned from the middle 
 pointj between the dawn and the meri- 
 dian, to the meridian : opposed to ufUr- 
 noon. 
 
 The manner was, that the Jorenoon they snould 
 run at tilt, the ajtt'rmhm in a broad tield in man- 
 ner of a battle, 'till either the strangers or the 
 country knights won the field. Sidney. 
 
 Curio, at the funeral of his father, built a teil>- 
 porary theatre, consisting of two parts turning on 
 
 753
 
 FOR 
 
 hinges.accnrdiiig to the position of the sun, for 
 the conveniency of forenoon s and afternoon's 
 diversion. Arbutknot on Coins. 
 
 FoRENOTiCE. n. s, [fore and 7iotice.] 
 Information of an event before it hap- 
 pens. 
 
 So strange a revolution neverliappens in poetry, 
 
 but either neaven or cartli give some fore7iotice of 
 it. Rijmers Tragedies. 
 
 Fore'nsick. adj. [f or €71 si Si Lat.] Be- 
 longing to courts of judicature. 
 
 Person is -Aforensick term, appropriating actions 
 and their merit ; and so belongs only to intelli- 
 gent agents, capable of a law, and liappiness 
 and misery. This personality extends itself be- 
 yond present existence to what is past, only by 
 consciousness. Locke. 
 
 The forutn was a public place in Rome, where 
 lawyers and orators made their speeches before 
 the proper judges in matters of property, or in 
 crimmal cases : thence all sorts of disputations in 
 courts of justice, where several persons make their 
 distinct speeclies, may come under the name of 
 forensick disputes. Walts on the Mind. 
 
 To Foreorda'in. r. a. [fore and or- 
 datTiJ] To predestinate ; to predeter- 
 mine ; to preordain. 
 
 The church can discharge, in manner conve- 
 nient, a work of so great importance, by fore- 
 ordaining some short collect wherein bnetiy to 
 mention thanks. Hooka'. 
 
 Fo'repart. n. s. [foi^e and part.] 
 
 1. The part first in time. 
 
 Had it been so raised, it would deprive us of the 
 suu's light all iUe forepart of the day. Raleigh. 
 
 2. To place anteriour in place. 
 
 The ribs have no cavity in them, and towards 
 the forepart or breast are broad and thin, to bend 
 and give way without danger of fracture. Rai/. 
 
 Forepa'st. adj, [fore and pastJ] Past 
 before a certain time. 
 
 Now cease, ye damsels, your delights /brepnrf ; 
 Enough it is that all the day is your s. Spenser. 
 
 Myforepflst proofs, howe'er the matter fall. 
 Shall tax my fears of little vanity, 
 Having vainly fear'd too little. Shakesp. 
 
 Such is the treaty which he negociates with us, 
 an offer and tender of a reconciliation, an act of 
 oblivion, of all forejjast sins, and of a new cove- 
 nant. Hammond on Fu7idamentals. 
 
 Foreposse'ssed. adj, [fot^e and pos^ 
 sess,] Preoccupied ; prepossessed ; pre- 
 engaged. 
 
 The testimony either of the ancient fathers, or 
 of other classical divines, may be clearly and 
 abundantly answered to the satisfaction of any 
 rational man, not extremely forepossessed with 
 prejudice. Sanderson. 
 
 Forera'nk. 71.5. [/ore and ran/c.] First 
 rank ; front. 
 
 Yet leave our cousin Catherine here with us ; 
 She is our capital demand, compris'd 
 Within the forerank of our articles. Shakesp. 
 
 Forereci'ted. adj. [fore and recite.] 
 Mentioned or enumerated before. 
 
 Bid him recount 
 Theforerecited practices, whereof 
 We cannot feel too little, liear too much. Shakesp, 
 
 To Foreru'n. r. a. [/ore and j'un.] 
 
 1. To come before as an earnest of some- 
 thing following ; to introduce as an 
 karbinger. 
 
 Against ill chances men are ever merry ; 
 But heaviness/oreru7i5 the good event. Shakesp. 
 
 The sun 
 Was set, and twilight from the East came on. 
 Forerunning night. Milton s Farad. Lost. 
 
 She bids me nope : oh heav'ns, she pities me ! 
 And pity sUW foreruns approaching love, 
 As lightning does the thunder. Dryden. 
 
 2. To precede ; to have the start of. 
 
 I heard it to be a maxim at Dublin to follow, if 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F O R 
 
 not forerun, all that is or will Le practised in 
 London. Graunt. 
 
 Foreru'nner. n.s. [from fora-un.] 
 
 1. An harbinger; a messenger sent be- 
 fore to give notice of the approach of 
 those that follow. 
 
 The six strangers seek for jou, madam, to 
 take their leave ; and there is a forerunner come 
 from a sevenlli, the prince of Morocco. Hhakesp. 
 
 A cock was sacrificed as ihe Joreniliiier of d>.y 
 and the sun, thereby acknowledging the light of 
 life to he derived from the divine bounty, the 
 daughter of Providence. ^ Sttllingficct. 
 
 My elder brothers, my ftrcrtinners came. 
 Rough draughts of-natuie, ill desisn'd, and hnie : 
 Blown otF, like blossiuns, never made to bear ; 
 'Till I came liiiish'd, her last labour'd care. Vri/d. 
 
 2. A prognostick; a sign foreshowing 
 any thing. 
 
 O Eve ! some further change awaits us nigh. 
 Which heav'n, bv these mute signs in nature, sliews 
 Foremnncrs of His purpose. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Loss of sicht is the misery of life, aiid usually 
 the foreriimicr of death. South. 
 
 The keeping insensible perspiratitjii up in due 
 measure is the cause as well as sign of health, 
 and the least deviation from that due quantity, 
 the ceT\a\i\ forerunner of a disease. Arbutluiot. 
 
 Already opera prepares the way, 
 Tlie sure forerunjier of her gentle sway. PoJ^e. 
 To Foresay'. I', n. [fore and sai/.] To 
 predict; to prophesy ; to foretell. 
 
 Let ordinance 
 Come as the gods /iwesaiy it. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 To Forese'e. v. a. [foi-e and see.] 
 
 1 . To see beforehand ; to see what has 
 not yet happened ; to have prescience ; 
 to foreknow. 
 
 The first of them could things to come foresee ; 
 The ne.xt, could of things present best advise ; 
 'I'he third, things past could keep in memory. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 If there be any thing/oresecn tliat is not usual, 
 be armed for it by any hearty though a short 
 prayer, and an earnest resolution beforehand, 
 and then w aich when it c(yiies. Taylor. 
 
 At hhforeseen approach, already quake 
 The Caspian kinL'cloms and Mentian lake: 
 Their seers beholj the tempest from afar. 
 And threat'ning oracles denounce the war. Dryd. 
 
 2. To provide for : with to. Out of use. 
 A king against a .storm must/oresee (o a conve- 
 nient stock of treasure. haeon. 
 
 To FoRESHAME. v.a. [fore a.x\A shame.'] 
 To shame ; to bring reproach upon. 
 
 Oh bill, foreihamiu^ 
 Those rfth-left heirs, that let their fathers lie 
 Without a monument. Shakesp. Cumheline. 
 
 To Fo'reshevv'. v.a. [See Foreshow.] 
 Fo'reship. n. s. [fore and ship.] The 
 anterior part of the ship. 
 
 The shipmen would have cast anchors out of 
 
 the fbreship. Acts, xxvii. oO. 
 
 To Foresho'rten. v. a. [fore and 
 
 shorten.] To shorten figures for the 
 
 sake of shewing those behind. 
 
 The greatest parts of the body ought to appear 
 foremost ; and he forbids the J'oreshoitenings, be- 
 cause they make the parts appear little. 
 
 Vrifdcn's Dufi-esnop. 
 
 To Fo'reshow. v. a. [fo7-e and shoiv.] 
 1. To discover before it happens ; to pre- 
 dict ; to prognosticate. 
 
 Christ had called him to be a witness of his 
 death, and resurrection from the dead, according 
 to that which the prophets and JMoses had Jiire- 
 showed. Hooker. 
 
 Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose. 
 Whose purple blush the day foreshows. Denham. 
 
 You chose to withdraw yourself from publick 
 business, when the face of heaven grew troubled, 
 and the frequent shifting of the nind/orfs'ii>iit(' 
 a storm. Dryden. 
 
 FOR 
 
 2. To represent before it comee. 
 
 What else is the law but the gospel /i»resAmc'J 
 What other the gospel than the law fultilled ? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Fo'resight. n.s. [fore and sight.] 
 
 1. Prescience ; prognostication ; fore- 
 knowlege The accent anciently on the 
 
 last syllable. 
 
 Let Kve, tor I have drench'd her eyes. 
 Here sleep below ; while thou xoforestght wak'sl ; 
 As once thousleep'st, whilst she to life was formed. 
 
 Millon. 
 
 2. Provident care of futurity. 
 
 He had a sharp^oresi^/it, and working wit. 
 That never idle was, nc once could rest a whit. 
 
 Speraer. 
 
 In matters of arms he was both skilful and in- 
 dustrious, and as '.^■eli in foresif^ht as resolution 
 present and great. HayuAird. 
 
 Difficulties and temptations will raore easily be 
 
 born or avoided, if with prudentjbres^/if we arm 
 
 ourselves against them. Itogen. 
 
 Foresi'ghtful. adj. [foresight and 
 
 full.] Prescient ; jirovident. 
 
 Death gave him no such pangs as the foresight- 
 full care he had of his silly successor. .'Sidney. 
 
 To Foresi'gnify. II. a. [fore and sig- 
 nify/] To betoken beforehand ; to fore- 
 show ; to tj'pify. 
 
 Discoveries of Christ already present, whose 
 future coming the Psalms did hxiiforesif^uify. H,vik. 
 
 Yet as being past times noxious, where they light 
 On man, beast, plant, wasteful and turbulent. 
 They oft foresignify, and threaten ill. Milton. 
 
 Fo'reskin. n.s. [fore and skin.] The 
 prepuce. 
 
 Their own hand 
 An hundred of the faithless foe shall slay. 
 And for a dow'r their huudred^Tr«fci«5 pay. 
 Be IMichol thy reward. Couiey's I^avideis. 
 
 Fo'reskirt. n. s. [fore and skirt.] 
 'I'he pendulous or loose part of th« 
 coat before. 
 A thousand pounds a year for pure respect ! 
 
 Ko other obligation ? 
 
 That promises more thousands : honour's train 
 
 Is longer than hisforeshirt. Shak. Henry VIII. 
 
 To Foresla'ck. v. a. [fore and slack.] 
 To neglect b}' idleness. 
 
 It is a great pity that so good an opportunity 
 
 was imiilted, and so happy an occasion fore- 
 
 slucked, that might have been the eternal good of 
 
 the land. Spenser's State of Ireland. 
 
 To FoRESLO'w. 11. fl. [foi-e and slow.] 
 
 1. To delay ; to hinder ; to impede ; to 
 obstruct. 
 
 No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreshw 
 Their hasty pace. rairf'ax. 
 
 Now the illustrious nymph retum'd again. 
 Brings every grace triumphant in her train : 
 The wond'ring Nereids, though they rais'd no 
 
 storm, 
 Foreslow'd her passage to behold herform. Dryd. 
 
 2. To neglect -, to omit. 
 
 When the rebels were on Blackheath, the king 
 knowing well that it stood him upon, by how 
 much the more he had hitherto protracted the 
 time in not encountering them, by so much the 
 sooner to dispatch with them, that it mii'ht ap- 
 ])ear to have been no coldness \n forcshunng, but 
 wisdom in chusing his time, resolved with speed 
 to assail them. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Our good purposes foreslowed are beconte our 
 tormentors upon our death-bed. Bishop Hall. 
 
 Chromes, now many fishers do you know 
 That lule their boats and use tlieirnets aright. 
 
 That neither wind, nor time, nor lideforrslow' 
 Some such have been : but, ah ! by tempests spit« 
 Their boats are lost ; while we may sit and moan 
 That few were svich, aud now these few are none. 
 
 P. Fletch. 
 
 To Fokeslo'w. v. n. To be dilatory j 
 to loiter. 
 
 5D 
 
 753
 
 FOR 
 
 This may plant courage in their quailing breasts, 
 Fox ^et is nope of life and victory : 
 Foreslowno longer, make wc lience amain. Shak. 
 
 To Forespe'ak. v. w. [fore and speak.] 
 
 1. To predict; to foresay ; to foreshow; 
 to foretell. 
 
 Old Godfrey of Winchester, thinketh no ornin- 
 ousforcspeaking to lie in names. Camden s Rem. 
 
 2. To forbid. [From /t>r and speak,] 
 
 Thou hast J'oresitoke ni^' being in these wars, 
 And say'st it is not lit. Shakasp. Ant. und Cleop. 
 Forespe'nt. a((j\ [fore and spent.] 
 
 1. Wasted; tired; spent. 
 
 After him came spurring hard 
 A gentleman, almost^irt'spenf with speed. Shah. 
 
 2. Forepassed ; past. [Fo7r and spe7it.] 
 
 Is not enough thy evil Wfe J'oresjjent ? F, Queen. 
 You shall find his vamUGS Jorespent 
 Were but the outside of tlie Roman Brutus, 
 Covering discretion witli a coat of folly. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Bestowed before. 
 
 We must receive him 
 According to the honour of his sender ; 
 And towards himself, Ids goo(inessJt)res/je?i£ on us, 
 Vs'e must extend our notice. Sitakesp, 
 
 Forespu'rrer. w. s. [fore and spur,] 
 One that rides before. 
 
 A day in April never came so sweet, 
 To show liow costly Summer was at hand. 
 As this J arespuiTcr comes ijef(jre his lord. ,Shak. 
 
 FO'REST. n. s. [forest, l-r. foresla, Ital.] 
 
 1. A wild uncultivated tract of ground 
 interspersed with wood. 
 
 B^' many tribulations we enter into the king- 
 dom of licaven, because, in a forest of many 
 wolves, sheep cannot chuse but feed in continual 
 danger (»f life. Hnokcr. 
 
 iNIacbeth shall never vanquish'd be, until 
 Great Biniham-wood to Dunsinane's high liill 
 Shall come against him. 
 ■That will never be : 
 Who can impress thi\for€st, bid tlie tree 
 Unfi.v his earth-bound root. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 There be airs, which the physicians advise their 
 patients to remove unto,which commonly are plain 
 champaigns, but grasing, and not overgrown with 
 heath ; or else timber-shades, as in /li)Y'5ts. Bacon. 
 
 Huw the i^rst forest rais'd its shady head. Roscom. 
 
 2. [Inlaw.] A certain territory of «oody 
 grounds and fruitful pastures, privileged 
 for wild beasts, and fowls of forests, 
 chase, and warren, to rest and abide in, 
 in the safe protection of the king for his 
 pleasure. The manner of niaking/orfs?s 
 is this : the king sends out his commis- 
 sion, directed to certain persons, for 
 viewing, perambulating, and bounding 
 the place that he has a mind to afforest : 
 which returned into Chancery, pro- 
 clamation is made, that none shall hunt 
 any wild beasts within that precinct, 
 without licence ; after which he ap- 
 points ordinances, laws, and officers 
 for the preservation of the vert and 
 venison ; and this becomes a forest by 
 matter of record. The properties of a 
 forest are these: a forest, as it is strictly 
 taken, cannot be in the hands of any 
 but the king, who hath power to grant 
 commission to a justice in eyre for the 
 forest ; the courts ; the officers for pre- 
 serving the \ert and venison, as the 
 justices of the forest, the warden or 
 keeper, the vertlers, the foresters, agis- 
 tors, regarders, bailiffs, and beedles. 
 The chief property of a foi'est is the 
 swainmote, which is no less incident to 
 
 FOR 
 
 it than the court of pyepowders to a 
 
 fair. Cowel. 
 
 To Forest a'll. v. a. [popej-tallan. Sax.] 
 
 1 . To anticipate ; to take up beforehand. 
 
 If thou be master-gunner, spend not all 
 That thou can'st speak at once ; but husband it. 
 And give men turns of speech; do not forestall 
 By lavisiiness thine own and others wit, 
 As if thou mad'st thy will. Herbert. 
 
 What need a m-Aii forestall his date of grief, 
 And run to meet « hat he would most avoid. Milt. 
 
 2. To hinder by preoccupation or pre- 
 vention. 
 
 And though good luck prolonged hath thy date. 
 Yet death then would the like mishap /(??-cs(«//. 
 
 I'uiry Queen. 
 
 What's in prayer, but this twofold force 
 To heforstalled ere we come to fall. 
 Or pardon'd being down. Sliakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 But for my tears, 
 I ha6 forestall' d this dear and deep rebuke. 
 Ere you with grief had spoke. Shakesp. 
 
 If you covet death, as utmost end 
 Of misery, so tliinkini; to evade 
 The penalty pronounc d, doubt not but God 
 Hath wiselier arm'd his vengeful ire, than so 
 To hefvestaird. Milton s Parad. Lost. 
 
 Iwillnot^/aresfa/^yourjudiimentof therest.Po/?e. 
 
 3. To seize or gain possession of before 
 another ; to buy before another, in order 
 to raise the price. 
 
 He bold spake. Sir knight, if knight thou be. 
 Abandon this forestalled place at erst, 
 For fear of further harm, I counsel thee. F. Queen* 
 
 4. To deprive by something prior : with 
 of. Not in use. 
 
 May 
 This night forestall him/o the coming day. Siak. 
 Foresta'ller. 71. s. [from forestall.] 
 One that anticipates the market ; one 
 that purchases before others to raise the 
 price. 
 
 Commodities, good or bad, the workman must 
 take at his master's rate, or sit still aiid starve ; 
 whilst, by this means, this new sort of ingrossers 
 or forestallers having the feeding and supplying 
 this numerous body of workmen, set the price 
 upon the poor landholder. Locke. 
 
 Forestbo'rn. adj. [forest and born.] 
 Born in a wild. 
 
 This boy isforestboni. 
 And hath been tutor'd in the rudiments 
 Of desperate studies. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Fo'rester. n. s. [forestier, Fr. from 
 
 forest.] 
 t. An officer of the forest. 
 
 Forester, my friend, where is the hush. 
 That we may stand and play the murthcrer iti? 
 — Here by, upon the edge of yonder coppice. 
 
 Shakes}}. 
 2. An inhabitant of the wild country. 
 Fo'reswat. \adj. [from /or and ««•«/, 
 Fo'RESWART.y from sweat.] Spent 
 with heat. 
 
 Jliso and Mopsa, like a couple of foreswat 
 melters, were getting the pure silver of their 
 bodies out of the ore of their garments. Sidney. 
 
 To Toreta'ste. v. a. [fore and taste.] 
 
 1. Tohaveantepastof; to have prescience 
 of. 
 
 2. To taste before another. 
 
 Perhaps the fact 
 Is not so heinous now, fm-etasted fruit, 
 Profaii'd first by the serpent, by him first 
 Blade common, and unhallow'd, ere our taste. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Fo'retaste. w. s. Anticipation of. 
 
 A pleasure tliat a man may call asproperly his 
 own as his soul and his conscience, neither liable to 
 accident, nor exposed to injury : it is X\\Q foretaste 
 of heaven, and the earnest of eternity. South. 
 
 FOR 
 
 To Forete'll. t'. a. preter. and part. 
 ■pasi. foretold; [fore and tell.] 
 
 1. To predict ; to prophesy. 
 
 What art thou, whose lieavy looks_/i>re££// 
 Some dreadful story hanging on thy tongue ? Shak. 
 
 J found 
 The new-created world, which fame in heaven 
 Long liad/&rrt£>/(/. Milton. 
 
 Blercia's king, 
 Warn'd in a dream, his murder i\A foretell. 
 From point to point, as alter it befell. Dryden. 
 \\ hen great Ulysses stiught the Phrygia*i shores. 
 Deeds then undone my faithful tongue/brefo/rf ; 
 Heaven seal'd my words, and you tliose deeds 
 behold. Pope. 
 
 2. To foretoken ; to foreshew. 
 
 To I'orete'll. v. n. To utter prophecy. 
 
 All the i>roiihets from Samuel, and those that 
 follow after, have Ukcwisejoretold of these days. 
 
 Acts, iii. 4. 
 Fore'teller. n.s. [from/ordf//.] Pre- 
 dicter ; foreshewer. 
 
 Others are proposed, not that the foretold 
 events should be known ; but that the accom- 
 jtlishment that expounds them may evince, that 
 the foreteller of them was able to foresee thee. 
 
 Boyle on Colours. 
 
 To Forethi'nk. v. a. [/ore and think.] 
 
 1. To anticipate in the mind ; to have 
 prescience of. 
 
 The soul of every man 
 Prophetically duesforethink thy fall. Shakesp. 
 
 I do pray to thee. 
 Thou virtuous Dauphin, alter not the doom 
 Forethought by heav'n. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 Adam could not be ignorant of the punishments 
 due to neglect and disobedience ; and felt, by the 
 proof thereof, in himself another terror than he 
 had forethought, or could imagine. Raleigh. 
 
 Friday, the fatal day ! when next it came. 
 Her soul forethought the fiend would change his 
 
 game. Dryden. 
 
 2. To contrive antecedently- 
 
 Blessed be that God which hath given you an 
 heart to faretkink this, and a will to honour him 
 with his own. Bishop Halt. 
 
 To Forethi'nk. v. n. To contrive be- 
 forehand. 
 
 What's my frenzy w ill be call'd my crime ; 
 What then is thine ? Thou cool deliberate villain ! 
 Thou wise, forethinking, weighing politician 
 
 Smith. 
 
 FoRETHo'uGHT. 71. s. [{romforct/iink.] 
 
 1 . Prescience ; anticipation. 
 
 He that is undone, is equally undone, whether 
 it be by spitefulness of forethought, or by the folly 
 of oversight, or evil counsel. L Estrange, 
 
 2. Provident care. 
 
 To Foreto'ken. v.n. [fore and token.] 
 To foreshow ; to prognosticate as a sign. 
 The king from Ireland hastes ; but did no good ; 
 Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 Foreto'ken. n.s. [from the verb.] Pre- 
 venient sign ; prognostick. 
 
 It may prove some oimno\is fortoken of misfor- 
 tune. Sidney. 
 
 They misliked ijothing more in king Edward 
 the Confessor, than that'he was Frenchified, and 
 accounted the desire of foreign language then to 
 be a foretoken of bringing in of foreign powers, 
 which indeed happened. Camdens Remains. 
 
 Foretoo'th. n. s. [fore and tooth.] 
 The tooth in the anterior part of the 
 mouth ; the incisor. 
 
 The_/iire!eet/i should be formed broad, and with 
 a thin sharp edge like chizzles. Ray on the Crea. 
 Fo'retop. 71. s. [fore and top.] That 
 part of a woman's head-dress that is for- 
 ward, or the top of a periwig. 
 
 So may your hats your forctops never press, 
 Untouch''dyourribbons, sacred Deyour dress. Dri/. 
 
 754
 
 FOR 
 
 FoREVo'ucHED. part, [fore and vouch.] 
 Affirmed before ; formerly told. 
 
 Sure her offence 
 Must be of such unnatural degree, 
 That monsters it \ or your Jorevotich^d aflfection 
 Falt'n into taint. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Fo'reward. n. s. [fore and u-ard.] 
 The van ; the front. 
 
 Tliey that marched in the fareivard were all 
 mighty men. 1 Mac. ix. 11. 
 
 To Forewa'rn. t'. a. [fore and warn.] 
 
 1. To admonish beforehand. 
 
 I will forewarn you whom vou shall fear : fear 
 him which, after he hath killed, hath ^ower to 
 cast into hell. Lxtke, xii. 5. 
 
 2. To inform previously of any future 
 event 
 
 Divine interpreter, by favour sent 
 Down from the empyrean, lofffrewam 
 Us timely of what might else have been our loss 
 Unknown. MUton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. To caution against any thing before- 
 hand. 
 
 ~ Well I will arm me, being thus /oreiuamV. 
 
 Sliakesp. Henry VI. 
 Thy pride. 
 And wand'rins vanity, when least was safe. 
 Rejected my foreiraming, and disdain'd 
 Not to be trusted. Milton's Paraii. Lest. 
 
 Tho' Phoebus had forewarned hira of singing 
 wars, yet the search of nature was free. 
 
 Dryden's Virg. Ded. 
 Voung Chorsebus, who by love was led 
 'l"o win renown and fair Cassandra's bed. 
 Had lately brought his troops to Priam's aid ; 
 Forewarn d in vam by the prophetick maid. JJryd. 
 To Forewa'ste. v. a. [fore and waste."] 
 To desolate ; to destroy. Out of use. 
 
 Vespasian, with great spoil and rage. 
 Forecasted all, untirGemissa gent 
 Persuaded hira to cease. Fairy Queen. 
 
 High time 'gan it wex for Una fair, 
 To think of those her captive parents dear. 
 And their forewasted kingdom to repair. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Forewea'ry. v. a. [for and weary.] 
 To dispirit with labour. 
 
 By your toil 
 And labour long, through which ye hither came. 
 Ye holhforewearied be ; therefore a while 
 I read your rest, and to your bowers recoil, 
 
 F. Queen. 
 
 To Forewi'sh. II. a. [fore and wish.] 
 To desire beforehand. 
 
 The wiser sort ceasednottodowhat in them lay, 
 to procure that the good commonly foreicish'ed 
 might in time come to etTect. " Knolles. 
 
 Forewo'rn. part, [fore and worn, from 
 wear.] Worn out ; wasted by time or 
 use. 
 
 Neither the light was enough to read the words, 
 and the ink was already Jbreitw-rz, and in many 
 places blotted. Sidnei/. 
 
 FO'RFEIT. n. s. [forfail, Ir. Jforfed, 
 Welsh.] 
 
 1. Something lost by the commission of 
 a crime ; something paid for expiation 
 of a crime ; a fine ; a mulct. 
 
 Th^ slanders I forgive, and therewithal 
 Remit thy other forfeits. Sliakesp. 
 
 Th' execution leave to high disposal. 
 And let another hand, not thine, exact 
 Thy yienai forfeit from thyself. Milton's .igonistes. 
 
 Thy life, Melantius !" t am come to take. 
 Of which foul treason does a forfeit make 
 
 U-aller. 
 
 2. A person obnoxious to punishment ; 
 one whose life is forfeited by his offence. 
 Now obsolete. 
 
 Your brother is A forfeit of the law, 
 And yoii but waste your words. Shakesp. 
 
 Claudio whom here you have warrant to e.ie- 
 
 FOR 
 
 cute, i« no grcater/or^irit to the law than Anijelo, 
 who hath sentenced him. Shakesp. 
 
 To Fo'rfeit. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To lose by some breach of condition ; 
 to lose by some offence. 
 
 If then a Mian, on light conditions, gain 
 A great estate to him, and his, for ever : 
 If wilfuiiy he forfeit it a^aiu. 
 Who doth bemoan his heir, or blame the giver ? 
 
 Vavies. 
 
 Men displeased God, and consequently/ortciied 
 
 all right to happiness. hoitie. 
 
 A father cannot alien the power he has over liis 
 
 child : he may perhaps to some degrees/i>r/eit it, 
 
 but cannot transfer it. Locke. 
 
 Fo'rfeit. participial adj. [from the 
 verb.] Liable to petial seizure ; alien- 
 ated by a crime ; lost either as to the 
 right or possession, by breach of con- 
 ditions. 
 
 All the souls that are, vieiefmfeit once ; 
 And he that might the 'vantage best have took, 
 Found out the remedy. Shaltcsp. Meas.for Meas. 
 Beg that thou may 'st have leave to hang thyself; 
 And yet, thy wealth heingfirrf'eit to the state. 
 Thou hast not left the value of a cord. Shakesp. 
 
 This now fenceless world. 
 Forfeit to death. Milton. 
 
 Straight all his hopes exhal'd in empty smoke. 
 And his long toils Mere forfeit for a look. Dryden. 
 Methought with wond'rous ease he swallow'd 
 down 
 His forfeit honour, to betray the town, Dryden. 
 
 How the murd'rer paid his forfeit breath ; 
 What lands so distant from that scene of death. 
 But trembling heard the fame ! Pope's Odyssey. 
 Fo'rfeitable. adj. [{rom forfeit.] Pos- 
 sessed on conditions, by the breach of 
 which any thing may be lost. 
 Fo'rfeiture. n. s. [forfeiture, Fr. 
 from forfeit.] 
 
 1. The act of forfeiting ; the punishment 
 discharged by loss of something pos- 
 sessed. 
 
 2. The thing forfeited ; a mulct ; a fine. 
 The court is as well a Chancery to save and de- 
 bar /(7r/ei(urex, as a court of common law to decide 
 rights ; and there would be work enough in Ger- 
 many and Italy, if imperial/iirfcitiircs should go 
 for good titles. Bacon s War u-ith Spain. 
 
 Ancient privileges and acts of grace indulged 
 b3- former kings, must not without high reason, 
 be revoked by their successors ; norforfeitures be 
 exacted violently, nor penal laws urged rigor- 
 ously. " Taylor. 
 
 He fairly abdicates his throne. 
 He has aforfeiture incurr'd. Swift. 
 
 Forga've. The preterite ot forgive. 
 
 FORGE. U.S. [forge, Fr.] 
 
 1. The place where iron is beaten into 
 form. In common language we use 
 forge for large work, and smithy for 
 
 small ; but in books the distinction is 
 not kept. 
 
 Now behold. 
 In the quick _/or^e and working-house of thought, 
 How London doth pour out her citizens. Shakesp. 
 
 In other part stood one, who at the forge 
 Labouring, two massy clods of iron and brass 
 Had melted. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Th' o'er labour'd Cyclop from his task retires, 
 Th' ii;olian/i>rge exhausted of its fires. Pope. 
 
 2. .^ny place where any thing is made or 
 shaped. 
 
 From no other forge hath proceeded a strange 
 conceit, that to serve God with any set form of 
 common prayer is superstitious. Hooker. 
 
 3. Manufacture of metalline bodies ; the 
 act of working. 
 
 In the greater bodies the /urge was easy , the 
 matter being ductile and sequacious and obedient 
 
 FOR 
 
 to the stroke of the artificer, and apt to be drawn, 
 formed and moulded. Baevn. 
 
 To Forge, r. a. [forger, old Fr.] 
 
 1. To form by the hammer; to beat into 
 shape. 
 
 The queen of martials. 
 And Mars himself conducted them ; hotli which 
 
 hc'infiforg'd of gold. 
 Must nceris have golden furniture. Chapman's II 
 
 Tyger with t3-ger, bear with bear you'll find 
 In leagues offensive and defensive join'd ; 
 But lawless man the anvil dares profane. 
 And Jorge that steel by whicfi a man is slain. 
 Which earth at first for ploueh-sliares did afford, 
 Nor yet the smith had learn'3 to fonn a svrord. 
 Tate's Juvenal 
 
 2. To nihke by any means. 
 
 He was a kind of notliing, titleless, 
 'Till he hn'iforg'J himself a name i' th' fire 
 Of burning Rome. Shakesp. Corialama. 
 
 His heart's his mouth : 
 What his breast yi)rges, that his tongue must vent. 
 
 Shakesp 
 Tliose names that the schools jorged, and put 
 into the months of scholars, could never get ad- 
 mittance into common use, or obtain the licence 
 of publick approbation. Locke. 
 
 3. I'o counterfeit ; to falsify. 
 
 Were I king, 
 I should cut off the nobles for their lands ; 
 For my more having would be but as sauce 
 To make me hunger more, that I stioulA forge 
 Quarrels unjust against the good and loyal. 
 Destroying them for wealth. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fo'rger. n. s. [from /o7-g-e. 
 
 J . One who makes or forms. 
 
 2. One who counterfeits any thing ; a 
 falsifier. 
 
 As in stealing, if there were no receivers there 
 would be no thieves ; so in slander, if there were 
 fewer spreaders, there would be fewer /»rgfrs of 
 libels. Ginemmenf of the "nrngue. 
 
 No forger of lies willingly and wittingly fur- 
 nishes out the means of his own detection. IV'esf. 
 
 Fo'rgeRY. «. X. [from forge.] 
 
 1. The crime of falsification. 
 
 Has your king married the lady Gray ? 
 And now, to sooth your forgery and his. 
 Sends me a paper to persuade me patience. Shak. 
 
 Nothing could have been easier than for the 
 Jews, the ftneiuies of Jesus Christ, to have dis- 
 proved these facts, had they been false, to have 
 shewn their falshood, and to have convicted them 
 o( forgery. Stephen's Sermons. 
 
 Ajorr^ery, in setting a false name to a writing, 
 which may prejudice another's fortune, the law 
 punishes with "the loss of ears ; but has inflicted 
 no adequate penalty for doing the same thinp in 
 print, though books" sold under a f;tise name are 
 so ni^ny forgeries. Swijt. 
 
 2. Smith's work ; fabrication ; the act of 
 the forge. 
 
 He ran on embattled armies clad in iron, 
 And weaponless himself, 
 Made arms ridiculous, useless the^iirgerv 
 Of brazen shield and spear, the hammer'd coirass, 
 Chalybean temper'd steel, and frock of mail 
 Adaraanlean proof. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 To FORGET, r.a. preter. /or^of ; part. 
 forgotten, or forgot. [pop5}Tan, Sax. 
 vergeten, Dut.] 
 
 1. To lose memory of; to let go from the 
 remembrance. 
 
 That is not forgot 
 Which ne'er I did remember; to niy knowledge, 
 I never in my life did look on him. Shakesp. 
 
 When I am/iir<;o«eii, as 1 shall be, 
 And sleep iu dulTcold marble, where no mention 
 Of me must more be heard. Shakesp. 
 
 Forcrct not thv friend in thy mind, and be not 
 unmiirdful of him in thy riches. Fccles. XTxvii. 6. 
 
 No sooner was our deliverance coiupleated, but 
 we forgot our danger and our duty. Atterhury. 
 
 ,^live, ridiculous; and dead, Jin-got. Pope. 
 
 2. Not to attend ; to neglect. 
 
 755
 
 FOR 
 
 Yea, 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Can a woman forget her sucking child 
 they nvd\ Jorget ; yet I will uotjorget thee. 
 
 Jsa. xlix. 5. 
 If we nu^hi forget ourselves, or forget God ; if 
 we nnght disrejiard our reason, and live by hu- 
 mour ami fancy in any thing, or at any time, ur 
 at any place, it would he as lawful to do the same 
 in every thing, at every time, and every place. 
 
 Lav!. 
 The mass of mean forgotten things. 
 Forge'tful. adj. [from Jorg(t.] 
 
 1. Not retaining the memory of. 
 
 2. Causing oblivion ; oblivious. 
 
 But when a thousand rolling years are past. 
 So long their punishments and penance last, 
 Whole droves of minds are by the driving god 
 Conipcll'd to drink the deep Lethean flood, 
 In \a.Tge forgetful draughts to steep the cares 
 Of their past labours, and their irksome years. 
 Drydens uEneid. 
 
 3. Inattentive ; negligent ; neglectful ; 
 careless. 
 
 Be uotjorgetful to entertain strangers. Heb. xii, 2. 
 The queen is comfortless, and vi^ forgetful 
 III our fong absence. Shakesp. Henry Ylll. 
 
 Have you not love to bear with me. 
 When that rash humour, which my mother gave 
 
 me, 
 Makes me forgetful ? Shahesp. Julius Ctssar. 
 
 I, in fact, a real interest have. 
 Which to my own advantage I would save ; 
 And, with the usual courtier's trick, intend 
 To serve myself, forgetful of my friend. Prior. 
 Forge'tfulness. n.s. [from fo7'geffuL] 
 1. Oblivion ; cessation to remembei*; loss 
 of memory. 
 
 O gentle sleep ! 
 Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee, 
 That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down, 
 And steep my senses mforgetfulness ! Shakesj}. 
 AH birds and beasts lie hubh'd ; sleep steals 
 away 
 The wild desires of men and toils of day ; 
 And brings, descending through the silent air, 
 A sweetJor^ef/u/?ie5Sofliuman care. Pope'sStatius. 
 
 2. Negligence; neglect; inattention. 
 
 The church of England is grievously charccd 
 '^hh forgetfulness of her duty. " Hooker. 
 
 Fo'rgetive. adj. [ from forge.'] That 
 may forge or produce. A word, I be- 
 lieve peculiar to Shakespeare. 
 
 Goud sberrie sack ascends me into the brain, 
 dries me there all the foolish, dull vapours, makes 
 it apprehensive, quick, f'orgetive, full of nimble 
 shapes, which, delivered to the voice, becomes 
 excellent wit. Shakesp. 
 
 Forge'tter. n.s. [from forget.] 
 
 1. One that forgets. 
 
 2. A Qareless person. 
 
 To FORGl'VE. V. a. [jropjipan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To pardon a person ; not to punish. 
 Then h<.'-dvtii forgive hira too ! Shakesp. 
 
 I do beseech your grace for charity ; 
 If ever any malice in your heart 
 Were hid against me, now forgive me frankly. 
 — Sir Thomas Lovell, I as free Jorgive you. 
 As I would be forgiven: J. forgive ail. Shakesp. 
 Slowly provok'a, she ea^Wy forgives. Prior. 
 
 2. To pardon a crime. 
 
 The people that dwell therein shall be yar^ite?* 
 their iniquity. Is. xxxiii. 24. 
 
 If prayers 
 Could alter high decrees, I to that place 
 Would speed before thee, and be louder heard. 
 That on my head all might be visited. 
 Thy frailty and infirmer sex forgiven. 
 To me committed, and by me expos'd. Miller. 
 
 S. To remit ; not exact debt or penalty. 
 
 The lord of that servant was moved with com- 
 passion, loosed him, and forgave him the debt. 
 Mat. xviii. 27. 
 
 Forgi'veness. n. s, [pojigipennij-pe, 
 Sax.] i 
 
 1. The act of forgiving. 
 
 FOR 
 
 To the Lord our God belong mercies and ftn-- 
 givenesses. Dan. 
 
 2. Pardon of an offender. 
 
 Thuu hnst promised repentance and forgiveness 
 to them that have iiniied against thee. Pravero/ Ma. 
 
 Kxchmt^e Jtngivtness with me, noble Hamlet ; 
 Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, 
 Nor thine on nie. Hhaktsp. 
 
 Forgiveness tu the injur'd does belong; 
 But thej ne'er pardon who commit the wrong. 
 
 Dryden. 
 3.. Pardon of an offence. 
 
 God has certainly promised^ixrgti;e?ies5of sili to 
 every one who repents. Suntk. 
 
 4. Tenderness ; willingness to pardon. 
 Here are introduced more heroick principles of 
 
 meekness, forgiveness, bounty and uiaLnaniinitv, 
 than all the learning of the heathens could invent. 
 
 Spratt. 
 
 I\Iercy above did hourly plead 
 For her resemhiance here below ; 
 
 And mild Jorgiveness intercede 
 To stop the couiiitg blow. Dryden. 
 
 5. Remission of a fine, penalty, or debt. 
 FoRGl'vER. n. s. [from /o)•g•/^'^.] One 
 
 who pardons. 
 Forgo't. I part. pass, of forget. 
 Forgo'tten. f Not remembered. 
 
 This song shall not he forgotten. Dent, xxx'l. 21. 
 
 Great Strafford ! worthy of that name, though all 
 Of thee could heforgotten, but thy fall. Denham. 
 
 The soft ideas of the chearful note. 
 Lightly receiv'd, were e^siW forgot. Prior. 
 
 To FORHAIL. V. a, [.\n old word. Pro- 
 bably for J or haul, from for and haul.l 
 To harass ; tear ; torment. 
 
 All this long tale 
 Nouglit easeth the care that doth me forhail. 
 
 Spenser^ s Past. 
 
 FORK. 71. s. [furca, Lit. fforc/i,\\chh ; 
 fourclie, Fr.] 
 
 1. An instrument divided at the end into 
 two or more points or prongs, used on 
 many occasions. 
 
 At i\Iidsummcr down with the brambles and 
 brakes. 
 And after abroad with \.hy forks and thy rakes. 
 
 Tusser. 
 The vicar first, and after him the crew, 
 \Vith^or/c5 and staves the felon to pursue. 
 Ran Coll our dog. Drqdens Nuns Priest. 
 
 I dine with_/lir/ts that have but two prongs. 
 
 . Sn-'f. 
 
 2. It is sometimes used for the point of 
 an arrow. 
 
 The bow is bent and drawn : make from the 
 shaft. 
 — Let it fall rather, though the fiirfc invade 
 The region of my heart. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. A point. 
 Several are amazed at the wisdom of the an- 
 cients, that represented a thunderbolt with three 
 
 forks, since nothing could have better e-vplained 
 its triple quality of piercing, burning and melt- 
 ing. Addison. 
 To Fork. v. 7i. [from the noun.] To 
 shoot into blades, as corn does out of 
 the ground. 
 
 The corn bcginneth lofork. Mortimer's Hush. 
 Fo'rked. adj. [from fork.] Opening 
 into two or more parts. 
 
 Naked he was, for all the world, like a forked 
 radish, with a head fantastically carved upon it 
 with a knife. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Sometimes we see a cloud that's dragonish, 
 A forked mountain, or blue promontory. Shak. 
 
 Come, sliall we go and kill us venison ? 
 And yet it irks me the poor dappled fools 
 Should in their own confines, with/ir/ceti heads. 
 Have their round haunches goar'd. Shakesp. 
 
 He would have spoke : 
 But hiss for hiss return'd, with forked tongue 
 To forked tongue. Mittun's Parad. Lost. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Ye dragons, whose contagious breath '^ .* 
 
 Peoples the dark retreats of death, 
 Change your fierce hissing into joyful song. 
 And praise your Maker with yqur forked tongue. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Fo'rkedly. adv. [from forked.] In a 
 
 forked form. 
 Fo'rkedness. n. s. [from /or A-rrf.] The 
 
 quality of opening into two parts or 
 
 more. 
 Fo'rkhead. n. s. 
 
 Point of an anow. 
 
 It seizing, no way enter might; 
 
 But back resounding, left ihe forkhead keen, 
 
 Eftsoons it tied away, and might no where b« 
 
 seen. fairy Queeii. 
 
 Fo'rky. adj. [from fork.] Forked ; 
 
 furcated ; opening into two parts. 
 The smiling infant in his hand shall take 
 
 The crested basilisk and speckled snake ; 
 
 Pleas'd the green lustre of the scales surrey. 
 
 [fork and head.] 
 
 And with their Jiwfei/ tongue and pointless sting 
 shall play. Pope's Messia)i. 
 
 Forlo're. [The preterite and parti- 
 ciple of the Saxon pojieopen, in Dutch 
 vtrloren.] Deserted ; forsook ; for- 
 saken. Obsolete. 
 
 Such as Diana by the sandy shore 
 Of swift Eurotas, or on Cynthus'*green, 
 \V here all the nymphs have her fortare. F. Quetn. 
 
 That wretched world he 'gan for to abhor. 
 And mortal life 'gan loth as thing for lore. 
 
 Fairy Qutfn. 
 
 Thus fell the trees, with noise the desarts roar : 
 
 The beasts their caves, the birds their iiesti 
 
 jorbre. Fairfca. 
 
 FORLO'RN. adj. [poplopen, from pop- 
 leopan. Sax. vtrloren, Dut.] 
 
 1. Deserted; destitute; forsaken ; wretch- 
 ed ; helpless ; solitary. 
 
 Make them seek for that they wont to scorn ; 
 Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn. Hubberd. 
 
 Tell me, good Hobinol, what gars thee greet ? 
 What ! hath some wolf thy tender lambs ytorn ? 
 
 Or is thy bagpipe broke, that sounds so sweet .^ 
 Or art thou of thy loved lass/(>r/.>ni? Spenser. 
 
 Li every place was heard the lamentations of 
 women and children ; every thing shewed the 
 heaviness of the time, and seemed as altogether 
 lost andfoi-lorn. KnoUes's History. 
 
 How can I live without thee ! how forego 
 Thy sweet converse, and love so dearly join'd, 
 To'live again in those wild vfoodsforlorn ! Milton. 
 
 Their way 
 Lies through the [lerplex'd paths of this drear 
 
 wood ; 
 The nodding horrour of whose shady brows. 
 Threat thejorlorn and wand'ring passenger. Milt. 
 
 My only strength and stay ! forlorn of thee, 
 VVhiiher shall I betake me, where subsist ! Milton. 
 
 Like a declining statesman, \eh forlorn 
 To his friends pity and pursuers sconi. Denham. 
 
 The good old man, forlorn of human aid. 
 For vengeance to his heav'nly patron pray'd. Dry. 
 
 Philomel laments/or/orii. Fenton. 
 
 As some sad turtle his lost love deplores. 
 Thus, far from Delia, to the winds 1 mourn ; 
 .Alike unheard, unpity'd, and forlorn. Pope. 
 
 2. Taken av.-ay. This sense shews that it 
 is the participle of an active verb, no-vr 
 
 lost. 
 
 When as night hath us of light forlorn, 
 I wish that day would shortly reasceud. Spemer. 
 
 What is become of great Aerates' son ! 
 Or where hath he hung up his mortal blade. 
 
 That hath so many haughty conquests won .' 
 Is all his force forlorn, and all his glory done ? 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 3. Small ; despicable : in a ludicrous 
 sense. 
 
 He was so forlorn, that his dimensions to anj 
 thick sight we're invincible. Shak. Henrij IV. 
 
 Forlorn, n. s. 
 
 756
 
 FOR 
 
 1. A lost, solitary, forsaken man. 
 
 Henry 
 Is of a king become a Lanish'd man, 
 And forc'd to live in Scotland a foHmm. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Forlorn Hope. The soldiers who 
 are sent first to the atUck, and are 
 therefore doomed to perish. 
 
 Criticks in plume, 
 Who lollina on our foremost benches sit, 
 And still cEaree first, the iiue forlorn of wit. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Forlo'rnness. n. s. [from forlorn.] 
 Destitution; misery; solitude. 
 
 Men displeased God, and consequently forfeit- 
 ed all right to happiness ; even wliilst they corn- 
 pleated the forlaniness of their condition bv the 
 lethargy of not being sensible of it. Boi/le. 
 
 To Forly'e, v.n. [from /ore and /ye.] 
 To lye before. 
 
 Knit with a golden baldric, which /orlai/ 
 Athwart her snowy breast, and did divide 
 
 Her dainty paps, which, like young fruit in May, 
 Now little 'gan to swell ; and being ty'd, 
 Through her thin weed, their places only signify'd. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 FORM. n. s. [forma, Lat. /orme.Fr.] 
 
 1. The external appearance of any thing ; 
 representation ; shape. 
 
 Nay, women are frail too, 
 Ay, as the glasses where they view themselves 
 Which are as easy broke as they make forms. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 It stood still ; but I could not discern the Jlimi 
 
 thereof. Job. 
 
 Gold will endure a vehement fire, without any 
 
 change, and after it has been divided by corrosive 
 
 liquors into invisible parts ; yet may presently 
 
 be precipitated, so as to appear again in its form. 
 
 Greui's CosmoL. Sac. 
 
 ' Matter, as wise logicians say. 
 
 Cannot without a form subsist ; 
 
 And form, say I as well as they. 
 Must fail, if matter brings uo grist. Swift. 
 
 2. Being, as modified by a particular 
 shape. 
 
 When noble benefits shall prove 
 Not well dispos'd, the mind grown once corrupt, 
 Th*y turn to vicious Jbrms, ten times more u^ly 
 Than ever they were lair. Sltakesp. Hen. \lll. 
 
 Here toils and death, and death's half-brother, 
 sleep. 
 Forms terrible to view, their sentry keep ; 
 With anxious pleasures of a guilty mind. 
 Deep frauds before, and open force behind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Particular model or modification. 
 He that will look into many parts of Asia and 
 
 America, will find men reason there perhaps as 
 acutely as himself, who 3-et never heard of a syl- 
 logism, nor can reduce any one argument to those 
 forms. Locke. 
 
 It lengthens out every act of worship, and pro- 
 duces more lasting and permanent impressions 
 in the mind, than those which accompany any tran- 
 sient form of words that are uttered in the ordi- 
 nary method of religious worship. Addison. 
 
 4. Beauty ; elegance of appearance. 
 
 He hath no /arm nor comeliness. Isa. liii. 2. 
 
 5. Regularity ; method ; order. 
 
 What he spoke, though it lack'd form a little. 
 Was not like madness. Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 
 FOR 
 
 A long table, and a square table, or a seat 
 about the walls, seem things of form, but are 
 things of substance ; for at a long table, a few at 
 the upper end, in effect, sway all the business ; 
 but in the other /orm, there is more use of the 
 counsellors opinions that sit lower. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 That the parliaments of Ireland might want uo 
 decent or honourable yorm used in England, he 
 caused a particular act to pass, that the lords of 
 Ireland should appear in parliament robes. Vanes. 
 
 Their general used, in all dispatches made by 
 himself, to observe all decency in their>Tms. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 How am I to interpret, sir, this visit ? 
 
 Is it a compliment of J'orm, or love? 
 
 A. Phil. Dist. Moth, 
 
 6. External appearance without the es- 
 sential qualities ; empty show. 
 
 Tlien those v/hom form of laws 
 
 Conderan'd to die, when traitors judg'd their 
 
 cause. Dryden. 
 
 They were young heirs sent only for forms from 
 
 schools, where they were not suffered to stay 
 
 three months. Swift. 
 
 7. Ceremony ; external rites. 
 Though well we may not pass upon his life. 
 
 Without the form of justice ; yet our pow'r 
 Shall do a court'sy to our wrath, which men 
 Way blame, but not controul. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 8. Stated method; established practice; 
 ritual and prescribed mode. 
 
 He who affirmeth speech to be necessary 
 amongst all men, hruughout the world, doth not 
 thereby import that all men must necessarily , 
 speak one kind of language ; even so the necessity 
 of policy and regimen in all churches may be 
 held, without holding any one certain form to be 
 necessary in them all. ^™''7^- 
 
 Nor are constant ^^iirms of prayer more likely 
 to flat and hinder the spirit of prayer and devo- 
 tion than unpremeditated and confused variety 
 to distract and lose it King Charles. 
 
 Nor seek to know 
 Their process, or ibe forme of law below. Dryd. 
 
 9. A long seat. 
 
 If a chair be defined a seat for a single person, 
 with a back belonging to it, then a stool is a seat 
 for a single person without a back ; and a form is 
 a seat for several persons, without a back. II atts. 
 
 I was seen with her in the manorhouse, sitting 
 with her upon the form, and taken following her 
 into the park. ' Shakesp. 
 
 10. A class ; a rank of students. 
 It will be necessary to see and examine tliose 
 
 works which have given so great a reputation to 
 the masters of the hrst Jorm. Dryden. 
 
 11 . The seat or bed of a hare. 
 Now for a clod like hare inform they peer ; 
 
 Now bolt and cudgel squirrels leap do move ; 
 
 Now the ambitious lark, " ith mirrour clear, 
 Tliey catch, while he, fool ! to himself makes love. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Have you observ 'da sitting hare, 
 List'ning, and fearful of the storm 
 
 Of horns and hounds, clap back her ear. 
 Afraid to keep or leave herji'rro. Prior. 
 
 12. Form is the essential, specifical, or 
 distinguishing modification of the mat- 
 ter of which any thing is composed, so 
 as thereby to give it such a peculiar 
 manner of existence. Hai'ris. 
 
 In definitions, whether ihey be framed larger 
 to augment, or stricter to abridge the number of 
 sacraments, we find grace expressly mentioned as 
 their true essential/urm, and elements as the mat- 
 ter H hereunto that'_/iirm did adjoin itself. Hooker. 
 
 13. A formal cause; that which gives 
 
 essence. 
 
 They inferred, if the world were a living crea- 
 ture. It had a soul and spirit, by which they did 
 not intend God, for thev did admit of a deity 
 besides, but only the soul'or essential^iirm of the 
 universe. Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 To Form. d. a. [fornw, Lat.] 
 
 1. To make out of materials. 
 God formed man of the dust of the ground. 
 
 Gen. ii. 7. 
 
 The liquid ore he drain'd 
 Into fit molds prepar'd ; from which he farm'd 
 First his own tools ; then, what might else be 
 
 wrought 
 Fusil, or grav'n in metal. Milton. 
 
 Determin'd to advance into our room 
 A creature /m-mV of earth. Milton. 
 
 She form'd the phantom of well-bodied air. Pope. 
 
 2. To model to a particular shape or 
 state. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Creature in whom excell'd 
 Whatever can to sight or thought he form'd. 
 Holy, divine, good, amiable or sweet. Milton. 
 
 Let Eve, for 1 have drench'd h>-r eyes, _ 
 Here sleep below, while thou to foresight wak si ; 
 As once thou slecp'st, while she to life was /arm d. 
 ■^ iUiirim. 
 
 3. To modify ; to scheme ; to plan. 
 
 Lucretius taught him not to/orm his heroe, te 
 give him piety or valour for his manners. Vryd. 
 
 4. To arrange ; to combine in any par- 
 ticular manner : as, he formed his 
 troops. 
 
 5. To adjust ; to settle. 
 Our differences with the Romanists are th»« 
 
 formed into an interest, and become tlie design 
 not of single persons, but of corporations and 
 successions. . Decay of Puty. 
 
 6. To contrive ; to coin. 
 The defeat of the desien is the routing of opi- 
 
 nions fm-med for promoting it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 He dies too soon ; 
 And fate, if possible, must be delay'd : 
 The thought th.at labours in myjorming brain, 
 Yet etude and immature, demands more time. 
 
 tioue. 
 
 7. To model by education or institution. 
 
 Let him to this with easy pahis be brought. 
 And seem to labour when he labours not : 
 
 .nnu stem 10 i.tuwui "nvn ..^ • " . , 
 
 Thus /orm'd for speed, he challenges the wiiid. 
 And leaves the Scythian arrow far behind. Drvd. 
 
 FO'RMAL. adj. [formd, Fr. formalit, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Ceremonious ; solemn ; precise ; exact 
 to affectation. , 
 
 The justice. 
 In fair round belly, with good capon lin'd. 
 With eves severe, and beard u( formal cut. 
 Full of Wise saws and modern instances. 
 And so he plays his part. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Formal in apparel. 
 In gait and countenance surely lik-^ a father. 
 
 Shake^. 
 
 Ceremonies be not to be omitted to slrangert 
 
 and formal natures ; but the exaliiu| them abov« 
 
 the mean is not onlv tedious, but doth diminub 
 
 the credit of him that speaks. Bacon. 
 
 2. Done according to established rules 
 and methods ; not irregular ; not sud- 
 den ; not extemporaneous. 
 
 There is not aiiv positive law of men, whether 
 it be general or particular, received by formal 
 express consent, as in councils ; or by secret ap 
 probation, as in customs it coraeth to pass, but 
 may be taken awav, if occasion serve. Hooker. 
 
 As there are formal and written leagues, re- 
 spective to certain enemies ; so there is a natural 
 and tacit cunfederaiion amongst all men against 
 the common cueiuies of human society, so as 
 there needs no intimation or denunciation of the 
 war ; but all these formalities the law of natur* 
 supplies, as in the c.".se of pirates. Bacim. 
 
 . Regular ; iiiethcdical. 
 
 1'he formal stars do travel so. 
 As we their names and courses know ; 
 And he that on their changes looks. 
 Would think tlicm govem'd by our books. TI dlfeT. 
 
 4. External ; having the appearance but 
 not the essence. 
 
 Of formal duty, make no more thy boast ; 
 Tliou'disobev'st where it concerns me most. Dryd. 
 
 5. Depending upon establishment or cui- 
 
 tom. 
 
 Still in constraint your suffering sex remains. 
 Or bound in /i>nniii or in real chains. ropt 
 
 G. Having the power of making any thing 
 what it is ; ' constituent ; essential. 
 
 Of letters the material part is breath and voice ; 
 the formal is constituted by the motions and figur* 
 of the organs of speech alfecling breath witli » 
 peculiar sound, by which each letter is discrimi- 
 nated. Holder's Elements of Speech. 
 
 Pellarmine agrees in making the/ormal actot 
 adoration to be subjectionto a 5uperio"r ; tut witlial 
 
 7{>7
 
 FOR 
 
 he makes the mere apprehension of excellency to 
 include tUeJtyrmai reason of it ; whereas mere ex- 
 cellency, without superioritv, doth not require 
 any subjection, but only estnnation. tilUlingJieet. 
 The very life and vital motion, and i\\G formal 
 essence and nature of man, is wholly owing to 
 the power of God. Bentleij. 
 
 7. Retaining its proper and essential cha- 
 racteristick ; regular ; proper. 
 Thou shou'tlst come like a fury covered with 
 snakes, 
 Not like a formal man. Shahesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 1 will not let him stir, 
 'Till I have used th' approved means I have ; 
 With wholesome syrups, drugs, and holy prayers. 
 To make of him a formal man a^aiii. Shakesp. 
 
 Formalist, n. «. \^formalistej Fr. from 
 form,'] One who practises external 
 ceremony ; one who prefers appearance 
 to reality ; one who seems what he is 
 not. 
 
 It is a ridiculous thing, and fit ft>r a satyr to 
 persons of judgment, to see what &\\\{\s, formalists 
 have, and vvhat prospectives to make superficies 
 to seem a body that hath depth and hulk. Bacon. 
 
 A grave, sleiunch, skilfully managed face, set 
 upon a grasping aspiring mind, having got many 
 a sly formalist the reputation of a primitive and 
 severe piety. South. 
 
 Formality. 7/. s, [formalite, Fr. from 
 form.] 
 
 1. Ceremony; established mode of be- 
 haviour. 
 
 The attire, which the minister of God is by 
 order to use at times of divine service, is but a 
 matter of mere fonnality, yet such as for coineli- 
 iiess sake hath hitherto been judged not un- 
 necessary. Hooker. 
 
 Formalities of extraordinary zeal and piety are 
 nevermore studied and elaborate than in desperate 
 designs. King Charles. 
 
 Many a worthy man sacrifices his peace iofor- 
 maiities of compliment and good manners. L'Estr. 
 
 Nor was his attendance on divine offices a mat- 
 ter o( formality and custom, but of conscience. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 2. Solemn order, method, mode, habit, 
 or dress. 
 
 If men fori^wear the deeds and bonds they draw, 
 Though sign'd with a\\ formality of law ; 
 And tnough the signing and tlic seal proclaim 
 The barefac'd perjury, and fix tiic shame. D)-vd. 
 
 The pretender would have infallibly landed in 
 our northern parts, and found tliem a!l sat down 
 in their Jormai it ies, as the Gauls did the Roman 
 senators. Snift. 
 
 3. External appearance. 
 
 To fix oil God the formality of faculties, or af- 
 fections, U the imposture of our fancies, and con- 
 tradictory to his divinity. Glanvdle's Scepsis. 
 
 4. Essence ; the quality by which any 
 thing is what it is. 
 
 May not a man vow to A. and B. that he will 
 give a hundred pounds to an hospital ? Here the 
 vow is made both to God and to A. and B. But 
 here A. and B. are only witnesses to the vow ; but 
 ihe fontiality of the vow lies in the promise made 
 to God. Stillingfeet. 
 
 To Fo'rmalize." v. a. [formaliser, Fr. 
 from formal.] 
 
 1. To model; to modify. A word not 
 now in use. 
 
 The same spirit which anointed the blessed soul 
 of our Saviour Christ, doth so formalize, unite, 
 and actuate his whole race, as if botli he and they 
 were so many limbs compacted into one body. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 2. To affect formality ; to be fond of 
 ceremony, 
 
 Fo'rmally. adv, \^xovci formal,] 
 1. According to established rules, me- 
 thods, ceremonies or rites. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Formally, according to our law. 
 Depose him. Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 2. Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; precisely. 
 
 To be stiff andfomally reserved, as if the com- 
 pany did not deserve our familiarity, is a down- 
 right challenge of homage. Collier on Pride. 
 
 3. In open appearance; in a visible and 
 apparent stale. 
 
 Yon and your followers do stand formally di- 
 vided against the authorised guides of the church, 
 and the rest of the people. Hooker. 
 
 4. Essentially ; characteristically. 
 
 This power and dominion is not adequately and 
 formally the image of God, but only a part of it. 
 
 South. 
 
 The Heathens and the Christians may agree in 
 
 material acts of charity ; but that whichformally 
 
 makes this a Christian grace, is the spring from 
 
 which it flows. Smatindge. 
 
 Forma'tion. n,s. [formation, Fr, from 
 formOf Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of forming or generating. 
 
 The matter discharged forth of volcano s, and 
 other spiracles, contributes to the formation of 
 meteors. Woodward. 
 
 The solids are originally formed of a fluid, from 
 a small point, as appears by the gradual /m-mafiVn 
 of a foetus. Arbnthnot. 
 
 Complicated ideas, growing up under observa 
 tion, give not the same confusion, as if they were 
 all offered to the mind at once, witliout your ob- 
 serving the original and Jbrmation of them. Watts. 
 
 2. The manner in which a thing is 
 formed. 
 
 The chorion, a thick membrane obscuring the 
 format'um, the dam doth tear asunder. Brown. 
 
 Fo'rmative, adj. \fronx for mo, Lat,] 
 Having the power of giving form ; 
 plastick. 
 
 As we have establislied our assertion of tlie se- 
 minal production of all kinds of animals ; so like- 
 wise we affirm, that the meanest plant cannot be 
 raised without seed, by any formative power re- 
 siding in the soil. Bentiey's Sei-mons. 
 Fo'rmer. n. s. [from form.] He that 
 forms ; maker ; contriver ; planner. 
 
 The wonderful art and providence of the con- 
 triver and former of our bodies, appears in the 
 multitude of intentions he must have in the for- 
 mation of several parts fur several uses. 
 
 Hay on the Crea. 
 
 Fo'rmer. adj, [from popma. Sax. first; 
 whence /ormer, and for most, now com- 
 monly written foremost, as if derived 
 from before. Foremost is generally ap- 
 plied to place, rank, or degree, and 
 former only to time ; for when we say 
 the last rank of the procession is like 
 the former, we respect time rather than 
 place, and mean that which we saw be- 
 fore, rather than that which had pre- 
 cedence in place.] 
 
 1. Before another in time. 
 Thy air, 
 
 Thou other gold-bound brow, is like the first : 
 — A third is like Xhe former. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 2. IMentioned before another, 
 A bad autlior deserves better usage than a bad 
 
 critick : a man may be the former merely through 
 the misfurtune of an ill judgment ; but he cannot 
 be the latter without both that and an ill temper. 
 
 Pope 
 
 3. Past : as (his was the custom in former 
 times. 
 
 The present point of time is all thou hast, 
 The future doubtful, and the former past. Harte. 
 
 Fo'rmerly, adv, [from former.] In 
 times past. 
 
 The places were ail of them formerly tlie cool 
 retirements of the Romans, wliere they used to 
 
 FOR 
 
 ' hide themselves among the woods and niauntains, 
 during the excessive heats of their Summer. Add. 
 As an animal degenerates by diseases, the ani- 
 mal salts, formerly benign, approach towards an 
 alkaliiie nature. Arbutknot. 
 
 FORMIDABLE, adj. [formidabiUs, 
 Lat. formidable, Fr.] Terrible ; dread- 
 ful; tremendous; terrifick ; to be feared, 
 I swell my preface into a volume, and make it 
 formidable, when you see so many pages behind. 
 Drxiden's M.n. Dedication. 
 They seem'd to fear ihe formidable sight. 
 And roll'd their billows on, to speed his flight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fo'rmidableness. n. s. [from '/or' 
 midablt.] 
 
 1. The quality of exciting terror or dread. 
 
 2. The thing causing dread. 
 They rather chuse to be shewed the formidable- 
 
 vess of their danger, than by a blind embracing 
 it, to perish. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Formidably, adv. [from formidable.] 
 In a terrible manner. 
 
 Behold ! e'en to remoter shores, 
 A conquering nav3' proudly spread ; 
 The British cannon formidably roars. Dryden. 
 Fo'kmless. adj, [from form.] Shape- 
 less; without regularity of form. 
 
 All (orm is fonnUss, order orderless. 
 Save what is opposite to England's love. Shah. 
 
 Formulary, n. s. [fcrmulaire, Fr. 
 
 from formule.] A book containing 
 
 stated and prescribed models or set 
 
 forms. 
 Fo'rmulary. adj. Ritual ; prescribed ; 
 
 stated. 
 FO'RMULE. n.s. [formule, Yr. formula, 
 
 Lat.] A set or prescribed model. 
 To FORNICATE, v. a. [from fornix, 
 
 Lat.] To commit lewdness. 
 
 It is a new way to^(>mic(iteat a distance. Brown. 
 
 Fornication, n.s. [fornication, ft. 
 fornicatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Concubinage or commerce with an un- 
 married woman. 
 
 Bless me I what a fry o( fcfrnication is at the 
 door. Shakesp. 
 
 The law ought to he strict against /ora^cntions 
 and adulteries ; for, if there were universal liberty, 
 the increase of mankind would be but like that 
 of fo.xes at best. Grau7it. 
 
 2. In Scripture, sometimes idolatry. 
 Thou didst trust in thine own beauty, thou 
 
 playedst the harlot, because of thy renown, and 
 pouredst out thy fornicatitms on every one that 
 passed by, Ezek. xvi. 15. 
 
 Forni'cator. n. s. [fornicateur, Fr. 
 from fornix, Lat.] One that has com- 
 merce with unmarried women. 
 
 A^ijnn'cator or adulterer steals the soul, as well 
 as dishonours the body of his neighbour. Taylor. 
 
 Fornica'tress. n.s. [from fonncat or.] 
 A woman who without marriage co- 
 habits with a man. 
 
 See you the_/ornicatres5 be removed ; 
 Let her have needful but not slavish means. Shah. 
 
 To FORSAKE, v. a. preter. forsook ; 
 part. pass, forsook, or forsaken, [ver- 
 saaken, Dut.] 
 1. To leave in resentment, neglect, or 
 dislike. 
 
 'Twas now the time when first Saul God forsook, 
 God Saul ; the room in's heart wild passions took. 
 
 CowUy. 
 Orestes comes in time 
 To save your honour ; Py rrhus cools apace ; 
 Prevent his falshood, anilforsake him first ; 
 I know you hate him. A. Philips's Distrest Motlier. 
 
 758
 
 FOR 
 
 Daughter of Jove, whose arms in thunder « ielil 
 Th' avenging bolt, and sliake the dreadful sliield, 
 Fin-sook by tnee, in vain I sought thy aid. Pope. 
 
 2. To leave ; to go away from ; to depart 
 from. 
 
 Unwilling 1 forsook your friendly state, 
 Commanded 6y the gods, and forc'd by fate. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To desert ; to fail. 
 
 Truth, modesty, and shame the world forsook ; 
 Fraud, avarice, and force tlieir places took. Drmi. 
 
 When ev'n the flying sails were seen no more. 
 Forsaken of all sight she left the shore. Drmlen. 
 Their purple majesty, [ness 
 
 And all those outward shows which we call great- 
 Languish and droop, seem empty and forsaken, 
 And drawthe wond ring gazers eyes no more. Rowe. 
 
 FOKSAKER. n. s. [from forsake.] De- 
 serter ; one that forsakes. 
 
 Thou didst deliver us into the hands of lawless 
 enemies, most hateful^cjrsu/cersof God. Apocryiihal. 
 
 Forsoo'th. adv. [popj-oSs, Sax.] 
 
 1 . In trtith ; certainly ; very well. It is 
 used almost always in an ironical or 
 contemptuous sense. 
 
 Wherefore doth Lysaiider 
 Deny your love, so rich within his soul, 
 And tender me, forsooth, atfeclion ! SJutkefp. 
 
 A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm, who had 
 so goodly government in his own estate. Haiiuard. 
 
 Unlearned persons use such letters as justly ex- 
 press the power or sound of their speech ; yet 
 forsooth, we say, write not true English, or true 
 French. Haider on Speech. 
 
 In the East Indies a widow, who has any re- 
 gard to her character, throws herself into the 
 flames of lier husband's funeral pile, to shew, 
 forsooth, that she is faithful to the memory of her 
 deceased lord. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 She would cry out murder, and disturb tlie 
 whole neighbourliood ; and when John came run- 
 ning down the stairs to enquire what the matter 
 ■»as, nothing, /orsoof/i, only her maid had stuck 
 a pin wrong in her gown. Arbuth. Hist, of John Bull. 
 
 Some question the genuineness of his books, 
 because, Jorsoolh, they cannot discover in them 
 the ^(iwot eroficmw that Cicero speaks of Buker. 
 
 2, It is supjiosed once to have been a word 
 of honour in address to women. It is 
 probable that an inferior, being called, 
 shewed his attention by answering in 
 tlie word ves, forsooth, which in time 
 lost its true meaning ; and instead of a 
 mere exclamatory interjection, was sup- 
 posed a compellation. It appears in 
 S/takesptare to have been used likewise 
 to men. 
 
 Our old English word forsooth has been changed 
 for the French madam. C^iardian. 
 
 To FORSWE'AR. v. a. preter.forswore: 
 Y>VLrt. forsworn. [pojij-Jisepian, Sax.] 
 
 1. To renounce upon oath. 
 
 I llruily vow 
 Never to wooe her more ; hut do forswear her, 
 As one unworthy all the former favours 
 That I have fondly tlatter'd her withal. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To deny upon oath. 
 
 And that self chain about his neck, 
 \Vliicli he /ijrsuwc most monstrously to have. Sliak. 
 Observe the wretch who hath his faitti forsook, 
 How clear his voice, and how assured his look I 
 Like innocence, and as serenely bold 
 As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold ! 
 
 Dr-yd. Juv. 
 
 3. With the reciprocal pronoun: as, to 
 forswear himself to be perjured ; to 
 
 swear falsely. 
 
 To leave my Julia, shall I hefnrswoni? 
 To leave fair Sylvia, shall I he forsworn? 
 To wrong my friend, shall I be much forsworn? 
 And ev'n that power which gave me first my oath, 
 Provokes me to this threefold perjury. Shakesp. 
 
 FOR 
 
 One says, he never should endure the sight 
 Of tliat_/(>rsa'orB, that wrongs both lands an<l law s. 
 
 Daniel. 
 I too have sworn, ev'n at the altar sworn, 
 Etern.il love and endless failh to Theseus ; 
 And vet am false, ^ursnorn; Ihe hallow'd shrine. 
 That "heard nie swear, is witness to my falshood. 
 
 6'mit/t. 
 
 To Forswear, v. n. To swear falsely ; 
 to commit perjury. 
 
 Take heed ; for he holds vengeance in his hand. 
 To hurl upon their heads that break his law. 
 —And tliat same vengeance doth hurl on thee. 
 For false forswearing, and for murder too. Shakesp. 
 
 Forswe'areR. n. s. [from forsivear.] 
 One who is perjured. 
 
 FORT. n. s. [fort, Fr.] A fortified 
 house ; a castle. 
 
 They erected a fart, which they called the fort 
 de I'or: and from'thence they bolted like beasts 
 of the forest. Bacon. 
 
 Now to iheh fort they are about to send 
 For the loud engines which their isle defend. Wall. 
 
 He that views a/ort to take it. 
 Plants Ins artillery 'gainst the weakest part. Venh. 
 
 My fury does, like jealous forts, pursue 
 Witti death ev'n strangers who but come to view. 
 
 Drxiden. 
 
 Fo'rted. adj. [from fort.] Furnished 
 
 or guarded by forts. Not used now. 
 
 Your Hfsert speaks loud, and I should wrong 
 To lock it in the wards of covert bosom. 
 When it deserves with characters of brass 
 Ajoried residence, 'gainst the tooth of lime 
 And rasu:e of oblivion. Shakesp. Meas. far Meas 
 
 FORTH, adv. [popS, Sax. whence /«»•- 
 Iher and furthest.] 
 
 1. Forward ; onward in time. 
 
 From that dny forth I lov'd that face divine ; 
 From tiiat day forth I cast in careful mind 
 To seek lier out. Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. Forward in place or order. 
 
 Look at the second admonition, and so forth, 
 where they speak in most unchristian maimer. 
 
 Whitgifte. 
 
 Mad Pandarus steps/<ir(;i,withvengeance vow'd 
 For Uitias' death. Dryden's jSneid. 
 
 3. Abroad ; out of doors. 
 
 I'ncle, I must come_/£>rt/i. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 I have no mind of feastiog/brtft to-night. Shak. 
 
 Atlend \ou here the door of our stern daughter? 
 Will she not forth ? Shakesp. 
 
 When Wiiiler past, and Summer scarce begun. 
 Invites them forth to labour in the sun. Dryden. 
 
 4. Out away ; beyond the boundary of 
 any place. 
 
 Thev will privily relieve their friends that are 
 forth ;"they will send the enemy secret advertise- 
 ments ; and they will not also" stick to draw the 
 enemy privily upon theni. S^tenscr. 
 
 Ev n that sunshine brew'd a show'rfor Inm, 
 Tliat wash'd his father's fortunes_^i»-(/i of France. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5. Out into a public character : publick 
 view. 
 
 You may set forth the same with farmhouses. 
 
 Peacham. 
 
 But when your troubled country call'd youforth. 
 Your flaming courage, and your matchless worth. 
 To tierce contention gave a prosp'rous end.H'a//er. 
 
 6. Thoroughly ; from beginning to end. 
 Out of use. 
 
 You, cousin. 
 Whom it concerns to hear this matter forth. 
 Do with your injuries as seems you best. Shakesp. 
 
 7. To a certain degree. Obsolete. 
 Hence we learn, how (m forth v;e may expect 
 
 justification and salvation from the sullerings of 
 "Clirist ; no further than we are wrought on by his 
 renewing grace. Hammond. 
 
 8. On to the end. Out of use. 
 
 I repeated the Ave Maria : the inquisitor bad 
 nie say forth ; I said I was taught no more. 
 
 "Memoir in Strupe. 
 
 FOR 
 
 Forth, prep. Out of. 
 
 .\nd here's a prophet, that I brought with me 
 Fiuin forth the streets of Ponifrct. Shakesp. 
 
 Some Jorth their cabbiiis peep. 
 And trembling ask what news, and do hear so 
 As jealous husbands, what they would not know. 
 
 Donni. 
 
 Forthco'ming. adj. [forth and 
 coming.] Ready to appear; not ab- 
 sconding ; not lost. 
 
 Carry this mad knave to jail . I charge you see 
 
 that hehe ftrthcoming. Stiak. Taming of a Shrew. 
 
 \Ve'lI see your trinkets here forthcomiitg all. _ 
 
 Shakesp. Henry \'I. 
 
 FoRTHl'ssuiNG. adj. [forth and issue.] 
 
 Coming out ; coming forward from a 
 
 covert. 
 
 Forthissuing thus, she gave him first to wield 
 A weighty ax, with truest temper steel'd, 
 And douliie edg'd. Fojie's Odyssey. 
 
 Forthri'ght. adv. [forth and right.] 
 Strait forward ; without flexions. Not 
 in use. 
 
 He ever going so just with the horse, either 
 forthright or turning, that it seemed as he bor- 
 rowed the horse's body, so he lent the horse hit 
 mind. Sidney. 
 
 I'he river not running forthright, but almost 
 continually winding, as if the lower streams 
 would return to their spring, or that the river had 
 a delight to play with itselT. _ Sidney. 
 
 Arrived there, they passed m forthright ; 
 For still to all the gate stood open wide. Fairy Q. 
 
 Thither/iiil/irig/it he rode to rouse the prey. Dry. 
 
 Forthright, n. s. A straight path. 
 
 Here's a maze trod, indeed. 
 Through /i>r(/n%/i(s and meanders. Shak. Tempest. 
 
 Forthwi'th. adv. [forth and with.] 
 Immediately ; without delay ; at once ; 
 straight. 
 
 Forthwith he runs, with feigned faithful haste. 
 Unto his guest ; who, after troublous sights 
 And dreams, 'gan now to take more sound repast. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Few things are so restrained to any one end or 
 purpose, that the same being extinct, they should 
 forthwith utterly become frustrate. Hooker. 
 
 Neither did ihe martial men dally or prosecute 
 the service faintly, but did^i>rl/mi(/i quench that 
 i^re. Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 Forthwith began these fury-moving sounds. 
 The notes of w rath, the rausick brought from hell. 
 The rattling drums. Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 The winged heralds, by command 
 Of sov'rcign pow'r, throughout the host proclaim 
 A suleuni council forthwith to be held 
 At Pandemonium. ^[ilton's Farad. Lest. 
 
 In his passage thither one put into his hand a 
 note of tlie whole conspiracy, desiring him to 
 read 'nforthwith, and to remember the giver of it 
 as long as he lived. South. 
 
 Fo'rtieth. adj. [from forty.] The 
 fourth tenth ; next after the thirty-ninth. 
 
 What doth it avail 
 To be the_/i>i'tict/i man in an entail ? Donne. 
 
 Burnet says, Scotland is not above a ^i'rtief/i 
 part in value to the rest of Britain ; and, with 
 respect to the profit that England gains from lience, 
 not the four thousandth part. 5u-i/(. 
 
 Fo'etifiable. adj. [^Tom fortify.] What 
 may be fortified.] 
 
 Fortification, n. s. [fortification, 
 Fr. ivom fortify.] 
 
 1. The science of military architecture. 
 
 Fi>rti/!Vu(i<m is an .art shewing how to fortify a 
 place with ramparts, parapets, moats, and others 
 bulwarks ; to the end that a small number of men 
 w itliin may be able to defend themselves, for a 
 considerable time, against the assaults of a nume- 
 rous army w itliout ; so that the enemy, in attack- 
 ing theiu^ must of necessity sulTer great loss. It 
 is either regular or irregular; and, with respect 
 to time, may be distinguished into durable arid 
 temporary. Harris. 
 
 759
 
 FOR 
 
 Tiie Plioeniciaus, though :m uiiwarlJke imiion, 
 yet understood tlic art of fortijication. Broome. 
 
 2. A place built ft>r strength. 
 
 The hounds were uncoupled, and the stag 
 thought it better to trust to the niinbienessof his 
 feet, than to the siendti fortijication of his lodg- 
 ing. Sidiieu. 
 
 Excellent devices were used to make even their 
 sports profitable ; iniat:es, battles, and fortifications 
 being then dehverecT to their memory, which, 
 after stronger judgments, might dispense some 
 advantage. Sidney. 
 
 3. Addition of strength. Not much used. 
 
 To strengthen the infected parts, give some few 
 advices by way oi Jurtijication and antidote. 
 
 Govei'nment of the Tongue. 
 
 Fo'rtifier. w. s. [from/o?7//3^.] 
 1. One who erects works for defence. 
 
 The fcrrtijier of Pendeunis made his advantage 
 of the connnodity aft'orded by the ground. Carew. 
 
 3. One who supports or secures ; one 
 who upholds. 
 
 He was led forth by many armed men, who 
 often had been the/or("^er5of wickedness, to the 
 place of execution. Sidney. 
 
 To FORTIFY. V. a. [fortifier, Fr.] 
 
 1. To strengthen against attacks by walls 
 
 or works. 
 
 Great Dunsinaiie he strongly/orti/fes. Shakes)}, 
 HeJ'orlitied the city against besieging. Eccl. I. 4. 
 
 2. To confirm ; to encourage. 
 
 It greatly fortified tier desires, to see that her 
 niutlier ha^ the lilte desires. _ Sidneii. 
 
 To fffrtij'y the former opinions Tostatus adds, 
 that tliose which dwell near the falls of water are 
 deaf from their infancy ; but this I hold as feigned. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 S. To fix ; to establish in resolution. 
 
 But in-born worth that fortune can controul, 
 New-struni; and stitfur bent her softer soul : 
 The heroine assum'd the woman's place, 
 Confirm'd her mind, andjurtj/j/'i; her face. Dryd. 
 
 A young man, before he leaves the shelter of 
 his father's house, should be /orli/ied with resolu- 
 tion to secure his virtues. Locke. 
 
 To Fortify, v.n. To raise strong places. 
 
 Thou us im|>ower'd 
 To fortify thus far and overlay 
 With this portentous bridge the dark abyss. Mi/1. 
 
 FoRTiLAGE. U.S. [fiom /or/.] A little 
 fort ; a blockhouse. 
 
 Yet was the fence thereof but weak and ihin. 
 Nought fear'd their force Ihatfortdage to win. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 In all straights and narrow passages there should 
 be some ['M[efortilage, or wooden castle set, which 
 should keep and command the straight. Spenser. 
 
 FORTIN. n.s. [Fr.] A little fort raised 
 to defend a camp, particularly in a 
 jiege. Hanmer. 
 
 Thou hast talk'd 
 Of palisadoes, fortins, parapets. Shukesp. 
 
 Fo'rtitude. 11. s. [fortitude, Lat.] 
 1. Courage ; bravery ; magnanimity ; 
 greatness of mind ; power of acting or 
 suffering well. 
 
 The king-becoming graces. 
 Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude, 
 I have no relish of them. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The heUer fortitude 
 Of patience, and' heroick martyrdom 
 Dnsung. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Fortitude is the guard and support of the other 
 virtues; and without courage, a man will scarce 
 keep steady to his duty, ana fill up the character 
 of a truly wortliy man. Locke. 
 
 They tliought it reasonable to do all possible 
 konour to the memories of martyrs ; partly that 
 others might be encouraged to the same patience 
 inA fortitude, and partly th.it virtue, even in this 
 world, might not lose its reward. Nelson. 
 
 i. Strength ; force. Not in use. 
 
 FOR 
 
 He wrongs his fame, 
 Despairing of his own arm' s fortitude. 
 To join with witches and the help of hell. Shahesp. 
 
 Fo'rtlet. n.s. [from /or/.] A little fort. 
 Fo'rtnight. n. s. [contracted from 
 fourteen nights^ peoppe'cyne nijhr. Sax. 
 It was the custom of the ancient northern 
 nations to count time by nights : thus 
 we say, this day seven-night. So Taci- 
 tus, Non ditrum numei'umt ut nos, sed 
 noctium computant.] The space of 
 two weeks. 
 
 She would ^ive her alcssi.tn for walking so late, 
 that should make her keep within doors for one 
 fortnight. Sidney. 
 
 Hanging on a deep well, somewhat above tlie 
 water, for so\ue fortniohts space, is an excellent 
 means of making drink fresh and quick. Bacori. 
 
 About a ^mtnjo^/it before I had finished it, his 
 majesty's declaration for liberty of conscience 
 canie abroad. Dryden. 
 
 He often had it in his head, but never, with 
 much apprehension, Hill about z. fortnight before. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Fo'rtress. n. s. [fortresse, Fr.] A 
 strong hold ; a fortified place ; a castle 
 of defence. 
 
 Breaking forth like a sudden tempest, he over- 
 ran all, breaking down all the holds and fortresses. 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 The trump of death soundsin their hearing shrill; 
 Their weapon, faith ; their fortress was the grave. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 God is OUT fortress, in whose conqu'ring name 
 Let us resolve to scale their flinty bulwarks. Shak. 
 
 There is no such way to give defence to absurd 
 doctrines, as to guard them round about with 
 legions of obscure and undefined words ; which 
 yet makes these retreats more like the dens of 
 robbers, or holes of foxes, than the fortresses of 
 fair warriors. Locke. 
 
 FORTUITOUS, adj. [fortuit, Fr. for- 
 tuitus, Lat.] Accidental ; casual ; hap- 
 pening by chance. 
 
 A wonder it must be, that there should be any 
 man found so stupid as to persuade himself that 
 this most beautiful world could be produced by 
 the/or/ui(f'us concourse of atoms. Ray. 
 
 If casual concourse did the world corapose. 
 And things and acls fortuitous arose. 
 Then any thing might come from any thing ; 
 For how from chance can constant order spring. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 FoRTU'iTousLY. adv. [h-om forluitous.'] 
 Accidentally ; casually ; by chance. 
 
 It is partly evaporated into air, and partly di- 
 luted into water, and fortuitously shared between 
 all the elements. Rogers. 
 
 FoRTu'iTOUSNESS. n. s. [from for- 
 tuitous.] Accident; chance; hit. 
 Fo'RTUNATE. adj. [fortunattis, Lat.] 
 Lucky ; happy ; successful ; not sub- 
 ject to miscarriage. Used of persons 
 or actions. 
 
 1 am most fortunate thus accidentally to en- 
 counter you : you have ended my business, and 
 I will merrily accompany you home. Shak. Coriol. 
 He sigh'ff; and couldnot but their fate deplore. 
 So wretched now, sofortunate before. Dryden. 
 
 No, there is a necessity in fate 
 Why still the brave bold man is fortunate : 
 He keeps his object ever full in sight. 
 And that assurance holds him firm and right 
 True, 'lis a narrow path that leads to blisS; 
 But right before there is no precipice 
 Fear makes them look aside, and 
 
 footing miss. Dryde: 
 
 Fo'rtunately. adv. [from fortunate.] 
 Happily ; successfully. 
 
 Bright Eliza rul'd Britannia's state. 
 And boldly wise, anifortunately great, 
 
 bliss, .\ 
 
 so their f 
 Drtjden. } 
 
 Prim: 
 
 I" O R 
 
 Fo'rtunateness. n.s. [fvomfo7'tunate.] 
 Happiness ; good luck ; success. 
 
 me, said she, whose greatest fort unateness 1$ 
 more unfortuiiate than my sister's greatest unfor- 
 tunateness. Sidney. 
 
 FORTUNE, w. s. [fortuna, Lat. fortune, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. The power supposed to distribute the 
 lots of life according to her own humour. 
 
 Fortune, that arrant whore, 
 Ne'er turns the key to th' poor. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 Though/i»r(une's malice overtlirow my state. 
 My mind exceeds the compass of her wheel. Shah. 
 
 •2. The good or ill that befals man. 
 
 Rejoice, said he, to-day ; 
 In you the fortune of Great Britain lies : 
 Among so brave a people you are they 
 Whom heav'ii has chose to hght for such a prize. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The adequate meaning of chance, as distin- 
 guished from fortune, in that the latter is under- 
 stood to befal only rational agents, but chance to 
 be among inanimate bodies. Bentley. 
 
 3. The chance of life; means of living. 
 His father dying, he was driven to London to 
 
 seek his fortune. Swift. 
 
 4. Success, good or bad ; event. 
 
 'J'his terrestrial globe has been surrounded by the 
 fortune and boldness of many navigators. TempU. 
 
 No, he shall eat, and die with me, or live ; 
 Our equal crimes shall equal yarfune give. Dry. 
 
 5. Estate ; possessions. 
 
 If thou do'st. 
 
 And this instructs tliee, thou do'st make thy way 
 To nohiefortunes. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 That eyeless head of thine was first frara d flesh 
 To raise my fortunes. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 But tell me, Tityrus, what heav'niy power 
 Preserv'd your fortunes in that fatal hour ? Dryd. 
 
 The fate which governs poets thought it fit 
 He should not raise his^iTrtiities bv his wit. Dryd. 
 
 He was younger son to a gentleman of a good 
 birth, but small_/()?-iime. Sira/t. 
 
 0. The portion of a man or woman : gene- 
 rally of a woman. 
 
 1 am thought some heiress rich in lands. 
 Fled to escape a cruel guardian's hands ; 
 Which may produce a story worth the telling. 
 Of the iie.xt sparks that go a fortune stealing. 
 
 Prologue to Orphan. 
 
 1\\e fortune hunters have already cast their eyes 
 upon her, and take care to plant themselves in her 
 view. Spectator. 
 
 When miss delights in her spinnet, 
 A fidler may a fortune get. . Swift. 
 
 7. Futurity ; future events. 
 
 You who mens fortunes in their faces read, 
 To find out mine, look not, alas, on me : 
 
 But mark her face, and all the features heed ; 
 For only there is writ my destiny. Cowley's Mist. 
 
 To Fo'rtune. I', n. [from the noun.] To 
 befal ; to fall out ; to happen ; to come 
 casually to pass. 
 
 It fortuned, as fair it then befel 
 Behind his back, unweeting, where he stood. 
 Of ancient time there was a springing well. 
 From which fast trickled forth a silver flood. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 li fortuned the same night that a Christian, 
 
 serving a Turk in the camp, secretly gave the 
 
 watchmen warning. KnolUs. 
 
 I'll tell you as we pass along. 
 That you will wonder what hath^/ffrtimed. Shak. 
 Heteforlund Curl to slide. Pope's Dunciad. 
 
 Fo'rtuned. adj. Supplied by fortune. 
 
 Not th' imperious shew 
 Of the full forttm'd Cffisar ever shall 
 Be brook'd' with me. Shakesp. Ant. and Cle^p. 
 
 Fo'riunebook. n. s. [fortune and 
 hook.] A book consulted to know for- 
 tune or future events. 
 
 Thou know'st a face, in whose each look 
 Beauty lays ope love's/i»(une6ooli ; 
 
 780
 
 FOR 
 
 On whose fair revolutions wait 
 
 The obsequious motions of love's fale. Crashaw. 
 
 Fortunehu'nter. n. s. [fortune and 
 Aunt.] A man whose employment is to 
 enquire after women with great por- 
 tions, to enrich himself by marrying 
 
 them. 
 
 We must, however, distinguish bctween/nrdine- 
 fciinftrs and fortunestealers. ipectular. 
 
 To Fo'rtunetELL. v. n. [fortune and 
 tell.] 
 
 1. To pretend to the power of revealing 
 
 futurity. 
 
 We are simple men ; we do not know what's 
 brought to pass under the profession of/or(uiie((!!- 
 linrr. Shakesp. 
 
 f'll conjure you, ]'\\fortnnetell you. Shakesp. 
 
 The gypsies were to divide the" monei^ got by 
 stealing linen, or byJortunetelUng. Walton's Angler. 
 
 2. To reveal futurity. 
 
 Here, while his canting drone-pipe scan'd 
 The niyslick figures of her band. 
 He tipples palmestry, and dines 
 On all her /iirtiiiif(e('(i«g lines. Cleaveland. 
 
 Fo'rtuneteller. n. s. [fortune and 
 teller.] One who cheats common peo- 
 ple, by pretending to the knowledge of 
 futurity. 
 
 Thev brought one Pinch, a hungry lean-fac'd 
 villain, 
 A thread-hare juggler, and a fortuneteller. Shakesp. 
 
 A Welchman benig at a sessions-house, and see- 
 ing the prisoners hold up their hands at the bar, re- 
 lated to some of bis acquaintance that the judges 
 were good_/i)r(ime(f//e« ; for if they did but look 
 upon their hand, they could certainly tell whether 
 they should live or die. Bacon's Apophthegms. 
 
 Hast thou given credit to vain predictions of 
 men, to dreams or_/i>rtunete//ers, or gone about to 
 know any secret things by lot ? 
 
 Diippa's Unlesfor Devotion. 
 
 There needs no more than impudence on one 
 side, and a superstitious credulity on the other, to 
 the setting up of a_/(>rtunete//er. L' Estrange. 
 
 Long ago afortnneteller 
 Exactly said what now befell her. Swift. 
 
 FO'RTY. adj. [peopeptij, Sax.] Four 
 times ten. 
 
 On fair ground I could beat/oi'tj/ of them. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He that upon levity quits his station, in liopes 
 
 to be better, 'tis *'orty to out- loses. L'Estrange. 
 
 FORUM, n. $: [Lat.] Any publick 
 place. 
 
 The forum was a publick place in Rome, where 
 lawyers and orators made their speeches before 
 their proper judge in matters of property, or in 
 criminal cases, to accuse or excuse, to complain 
 or defend. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Close to the bay great Neptune's fame adjoins. 
 And near a forum flank'd with marble shines. 
 Where the bold youtli, the num'rous fleets to store. 
 Shape the broad sail, or suiootb the taper oar. Pope. 
 
 To Forwa'nder. v. a. [for and wander.] 
 To wander wildly and wearily. 
 
 The better part now of the ling'ring day 
 They travelled had, when as they far espy'd 
 A weary w'loht for u:and' ring by the way. P. Queen. 
 
 FO'RWARD. adv. [poppeapb. Sax.] To- 
 wards ; to a part or place before ; on- 
 ward ; progressively. 
 
 When fervent sorrow slaked was. 
 She up arose, resolving him to find 
 Alive or dead, and _/i>ni'ui(i forth doth pass. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 From smaller things the mind of the hearers 
 may go foncard to the knowledge of greater, and 
 climb up from the lowest to the highest things. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 He that is used to go forward, and findeib a 
 
 stop, falleth off his own favour, and is not the 
 
 thing he was. Bacon's Eseays. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F O R 
 
 Fo'rward. adj. [from tlie adverb.] 
 
 1. Warm; earnest; not backward. 
 
 They wr.nld that we shuiild remeniher the poor, 
 which t alsii vinij'uruarded to do. Cal. ii. 10. 
 
 2. Ardent; eager; hoi; violent. 
 
 You'll still be too forward. 
 
 Shakesp. Two Gentlemen of Verona. 
 Unskiil'd to dart the pniiUed spear. 
 Or lead ih^ forward youth to noble «ar. Prior. 
 
 3. Ready; confident; presumptuous. 
 Old Butes' form he took, Aiichises squire. 
 
 Now left to rule Ascatiius by his sire ; 
 And thus salutes the boy too forward for his years. 
 
 Driiden. 
 
 4. Not reserved ; not over modest. 
 
 'Tis a por'lous boy, 
 Bold, quick, \u^f;n'u>ns, forward, capable ; 
 He's all the mollier'b from the tup to toe. Shakesp. 
 
 5. Premature; early ripe. 
 
 Short Summer lightly has a forward Sprini;. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 (5. Quick; ready; hasty. 
 
 The mind makes not that benefit it shouM of 
 tlie information it receives from civil or natural 
 historians, in being too forward or too slow in 
 making observations on the particular facts re- 
 corded in tliera. Locke. 
 
 Had they, who would persuade us that there 
 are innate principles, considered separately the 
 parts out of which these propositions are made, 
 they would not perhaps liave been so forward tu 
 believe they were innate. Locke. 
 
 7. Antecedent ; anterior ; opposed to pos- 
 terior. 
 
 Let us take the instant by thefortvard top ; 
 For we arc old, and on our quick'st decrees 
 The inaudible and noiseless foot of time 
 Steals, ere we can effect thera. Shakesp. 
 
 8. Not behindhand ; not inferiour. 
 
 My good Camillo, 
 She Is as forward of her breeding, as 
 She is i* th' rear o' our birth. Shak. Winter's Tale. 
 
 To Fo'rward. v. a. [from the adverb.] 
 
 1. To hasten; to quicken; to accelerate 
 in growth or improvement. 
 
 As we house hot country I'lants, as lemons, to 
 save them ; so we may house our own country 
 plants to Jorward them, and make them come in 
 the cold seasons. Bacon's Nat. Historu. 
 
 Whenever I shine, 
 Iforward the grass and 1 ripen the vine. Sw'fl. 
 
 2. To patronise ; to advance. 
 Fo'rwakder. 71, s. [fvom forward.] He 
 
 who promotes any thing. 
 Fo'rwardly. adv. [from the adjective.] 
 Eagerly: hastily; quickly. 
 
 The sudden and surpribing turns we ourseivrs 
 have felt, should not suffer us too forwardlu to ad- 
 mit presumption. Atterburu. 
 
 Fo'Rwarbness. n.s. [from forward.] 
 
 1. Eagerness; ardour; readiness to act. 
 
 Absolutely we cannot discommend, we cannot 
 absulutcly approve either willingness to live, nr 
 forwardness to die. Hooker. 
 
 Is it so strange a matter to find a good thing 
 furthered by ill nien of a sinister intent anfl pur- 
 pose, whose forwardness is not therefore a bridle 
 to such as favour the same cause with a better and 
 sincere meaniuL'. Hooker. 
 
 The great ones were infoi'wardnesSt the people 
 in fury, entertaining; this airy phantasm w'iih in- 
 crodiGle affection. Bacon. 
 
 2. Quickness; readiness. 
 
 He had such a dextrous proclivity, as his teach- 
 ers were fain to restrain his forwardness: tliat bis 
 brothers, who were under the same training, 
 might hold pace with him. KWfi^n. 
 
 3. Earliness ; early ripeness. 
 
 4. Confidence; assurance; want of mo- 
 desty. 
 
 In France it is usual to bring their children into 
 
 companv, and to cherish in them, from their in- 
 
 I fancy, altind of forw<irdn€SS and assurance. Addison. 
 
 F O S 
 
 Fo'rwards. flrfv. Straight before ; pro- 
 gressively ; not backwards. 
 
 The Rhodian ship passed through the whole Ro- 
 man fleet, backwards and yin-u^iro-i several limes, 
 
 CHrrying intelligence to Drepanum. Arhuthnot. 
 
 FOSSE, n. s. [fossOt Lat. fos, Welch.] 
 
 A ditch ; a moat. 
 Fo'ssET. See Faucet. 
 Fo'sseway. n. .V. [fosse and wai/.] One 
 of the great Roman inroads through 
 England, so called from the ditches on 
 each side, 
 FOSSIL, adj. [fossilise Lat. fossile, Fr.] 
 That which is dug out of the earth. 
 
 The_/ft«(7 shells are many of them of the same 
 kinds witii those that now appear upon ihe neigh- 
 bouring shores ; and the rest such as may be pre- 
 sumed to be at the bottom of the adjacent seas. 
 
 Woodward's hatural History. 
 Fosjif or rock salt, and sai gemm, dJtTer not lu 
 nature from each other ; nor from the common 
 salt of salt springs, or that of the sea, when pure. 
 Woodward's Natural History. 
 It is of a middle nature, between ftssil and ani- 
 mal, being produced from animal excrements, in- 
 termixed with vegetable salts. 
 
 ArbtUhnot on Aliments. 
 Fo'ssiL. n. *. 
 
 In this globe are many other bodies, which be- 
 cause we discover them by digging into the bowels 
 of the earth, are called by one common narae^bi- 
 sili ; under -which are comprehended metals and 
 minerals. Locke. 
 
 jManyyjMsi/sare very oddly and elegantly shaped. 
 
 BentUii. 
 
 By the wordfossU, used as a denomination of 
 one of three general divisioiis of natural produc- 
 tions, we understand bodies formed usually within 
 the earth, sometimes on its surface, and sometimes 
 in waters ; of a plain and simple structure, in 
 which there is no visible difference of parts, no 
 distinction of vessels and their contents, but every 
 portion of which is similar to and perfect as the 
 whole. HtU's Mat. Med. 
 
 Those bodies which will melt in the fire are 
 called minerals, the rest fossih. Pemberton. 
 
 To FO'STER. r. a. [poj-rnian, Sax.] 
 
 1. To nurse; to feed; to support; to 
 train up. 
 
 Some say that ravens poster forlorn children. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Our kingdom's earth should not be soii'd 
 With that dear blood which it hdiU fostered. Sltakes, 
 
 1 hat base wretch. 
 Bred but on alms, and^^s(cr'rf with cold dishes, 
 With scraps o' th' court. Sliakesp. Cymbelitie. 
 
 Fostering has a\v> Ay s been a stronger alliance iJian 
 bluod. Dalies. 
 
 No more let Ireland brag lier harmless nation 
 Fosters no venom since that Scots plantation. 
 
 Cleaveland. 
 The son of ^Fulciber, 
 Found in tlie fire, and /ibter'W in the plains, 
 A shepherd and a king at once he reigns. Dryden. 
 
 2. To pamper ; to encourage. 
 
 A prince of great courage and beauty, but ^^- 
 tered up in blood by his naughty father. Sidney. 
 
 3. To cherish ; to forward. 
 
 Ye festering breezes Itlow ; 
 Ve softening dews, yc tender showers descend, 
 
 Tliojnson, 
 
 Fo'sterage. n, 5. [from foster.] The 
 charge of nursing; alterage. 
 
 Some one adjoining tti this lake had tlie cliarge 
 and fosterage of this child. Raleigh's Hi-^ory. 
 
 Fo'sterbrother. n. s. [poj-rejibpo^eji, 
 Sax.] One bred at the same pap; one 
 fed by the same nurse. 
 
 FosTERCHiLD. «. s. [poj-cencilb, Sax.] 
 
 A child nursed by a woman not the 
 
 mother, or bred by a man not the father. 
 
 The fosterchildrcn do love and are beloved of 
 
 their fostcrfathcrs. Daiieson Ireland. 
 
 5 E 
 
 7ol
 
 F O U 
 
 The goddess thus beeuil'd, 
 With pleasant stories, her fai^e fostcrchiU.Aiidkon. 
 FosTERDAM. ?t. s. [J'osttr and dam.] 
 A nurse ; one that performs the office of 
 a mother by giving food toa young child. 
 There, bv the wolf, were laid the martial twins ; 
 Intrepid on her swelling dnps they hung ; 
 The Josterdain luH'd out her tawninf^ tongue. Drqd. 
 Fostere'arth. n. s. [foster and earth.] 
 Earth by which the plant is nourished, 
 though it did not grow at first in it. 
 
 In vain (lie nursling grove 
 Seems fair awhile, cherish'd with/iisferfartft ; 
 But when the alien compost is exhaust, 
 Its native poverty again prevails ! Philips. 
 
 Fosterer. 71. s. [from foster.] A nurse; 
 one who gives food in the place of a 
 parent. 
 
 In Ireland tliey put their cliildren to fosterers ; 
 the rich men sellmg, the meaner sort buying the 
 alterage of their children : in the opinion of the 
 Irish, fostering has always been a stronger alliance 
 than blood. Dalies on Ireland. 
 
 Fosterfa'ther. n. s. [poj-renpabep, 
 Sax.] One who gives food in the place 
 of the father. 
 
 In Ireland fosterchildren do love and are beloved 
 by their fosterf'atliers, and their sept, more than of 
 their own natural parents and kindred. Davics. 
 
 The duke of Bretagne having been an host and 
 a kind of parent or Josteifather to llie king, in his 
 tenderness of age and weakness of fortune, did look 
 for aid this time from king Henry. Bacon. 
 
 Tyrrheus, ihefosterfather of the beast. 
 Then clench'd a hatchet in his horny fist. Dryden. 
 
 Fosterm'other. 71. s. [foster and 7710- 
 
 ther.] A nurse. 
 Fosternu'rse. 7!. s. [foster and Titirse. 
 
 This is an improper compound, because 
 
 foster and nurse mean the same,] A 
 
 nurse. 
 
 Out fasternurse of nature is repose, 
 The which he lacks. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Fo'sterson. 71. s. [foster and S071.] One 
 fed and educated, though not the son by 
 nature. 
 
 Mature in years, to ready honours move ; 
 Oof celestial seed ! O/ostO'son of Jove ! Dryd.Virg 
 
 FOUGA'DE. 71. s. [Fr.] In the art of 
 war, a sort of little mine in the manner 
 of a well, scarce more than ten feet wide 
 and twelve deep, dug under some work 
 or fortification, and charged with barrels 
 or sacks of gunpowder to blow it up, and 
 covered over with earth. Diet. 
 
 Fought. The preterite and participle of 
 Jight. 
 
 Though unknown to me, they sure /iiuff/it well, 
 Whom Kupcrt led, and wiio were British born. 
 
 liryden. 
 
 Fo'uGHTEN. [The passive participle of 
 fight. Rarely used.] Contested; dis- 
 puted by arms. 
 
 On the_/b»g?i(en field 
 Michael and his angels, prevalent 
 Encamping, plac'd ni guard their watclies round 
 Cherubick waving fires. illi((i»i's Par. Lost. 
 
 FOUL. adj. [fuls, Gothick ; pul. Sax.] 
 1. Notclean; filthy; dirty; miry. Through 
 
 most of its significations it is opposed to 
 
 fair. 
 
 My face if. foul with weeping. Job, xvi. 16. 
 
 It's monstrous labour when I wash my brain. 
 And it grows_/uiifc)-. Sliakap. Antonyani Cleopatra. 
 
 He that can travel in deep and font ways, oudit 
 not to sa;^ that he cannot walk in'fair. 'Tillotmn. 
 
 The stream hjoul with stains 
 Of rushing torrents and descending rains. Addison. 
 
 F O U 
 
 2. Impure; polluted; full of filth, 
 
 With/oni month. 
 And in the witness of his proper ear. 
 To call him viila'n. Sliakesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 Kill thy phvsician, and the fee besttiw 
 Upon the_/iiii/ disease. Sliakesp. King Lear. 
 
 ijilemperanceand setisualitydebase mens minds, 
 clog their spirits.and make them gioss.foul, listless 
 and miactive. Tillotson. 
 
 3. Wicked; detestable; abominable. 
 .Tesus rebuked [he foul spirit. Mark, ix. 25. 
 He hales foul leasiiigs and vile flattery. 
 
 Two (illhy blots in noble genlery. Huhherd's Tale. 
 _ This is the grossest and most irrational supposi- 
 tion, as well as the foulest atheism, that can be ima- 
 giiied. jiaie^ 
 
 Satire has always shone among the rest. 
 And is the boldest way if not the best. 
 To tell men truly of tlieir_/iinfcsi faults. 
 To laugh at their vain deeds, and vainer thoughts. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. Not lawful ; not according to the esta- 
 blished rules. 
 
 By foul play were we heav'd thence. 
 But blessedly help'd hither. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 >. Hateful ; ugly ; loathsome. 
 
 'i li' other half did woman's shape retain, 
 Mostloathsome,filthy,_/()ii/, and full of vile disdain. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Hast thou forgot 
 IheJ'oul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy 
 rown into a hoop ? Shakes]). Tempest. 
 
 Was 
 
 Foul sights do rather displease, in that they ex- 
 cite the memory o( foul things than in the imme- 
 diate objects ; and therefore, in pictures, those 
 fold sights do not much offend. Bacon. 
 
 All things that seein sofouland disagreeable in 
 nature, are not really so in themselves, but only 
 relatively. More. 
 
 G. Disgraceful; shameful. 
 
 Too well 1 see and rue the dire event, 
 1 hat with sad overthrow aud/o«; defeat 
 Hath lost us heav'n. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Who first seduc'd them to that foul revolt > Milt. 
 Reason half extinct. 
 Or impotent, or else approving, sees 
 The foul disorder. Thomson's Sjn-ing. 
 
 7. Coarse ; gross. 
 You will have no notion of delicacies if you table 
 
 with them : they are all for rank andj'ou'l feeding, 
 and spoil the best provisions in cooking. Felton. 
 
 8. Full of gross humours, or bad matter ; 
 wanting purgation or mundification. 
 
 You perceive the body of our kingdom. 
 How foul it is ; what raiik diseases grow, 
 .'Vnd widi what danger near the heart of it. Shak. 
 
 9. Not bright; not serene. 
 Who's there besides/i>ui weather? 
 
 One minded like the weather, mostinquietly.SAat. 
 
 Be fair or foul, or rain or shine, 
 The joy s I have profess'd, in spite of fate are mine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 10. With rough force ; with unseasonable 
 violence. 
 
 So in this throng bright Sacharissa far'd, 
 Opprcss'd by those who strove to be Iier guard : 
 As ships, though never so obsequious, fall 
 Foul in a tempest on their admiral. Waller. 
 
 Ik his sallies their men might fall font of each 
 o'lier. Clarendon. 
 
 The great art of the devil, and the principal 
 deceit of the heart is to keep fair with God him- 
 self, while men fall foul upon his laws. South. 
 
 1 1. [Ainong seamen.] Entangled : as, a 
 rope is foul of the anchor. 
 
 To Foul. i^. a. [pulan. Sax.] To daub ; 
 to bemire ; to make filthy ; to dirty. 
 
 Swec-p your walks from autumnal leaves, lost 
 the worms draw them into their holes, and foul 
 your garden. Evelyn. 
 
 \Vhile Traulus all his ordure scatters. 
 To foul the man he chiefly flatters. Swift. 
 
 She fouls a smock more in one hour than the kit- 
 chen-maid doth in a week. Swift's Direct, to Sen). 
 
 F O U 
 
 Fo'uLFACED. adj. [foul and faced.] 
 Having an ugly or hateful visage. 
 
 If black scandal, orfoulfoc'd reproach. 
 Attend the sequel of your i^nposition. 
 Your mere enforcement shall acquittance me 
 From all the impure blots and stains thereof. Sluik 
 Fo'ULLY. adj. [from foul.] 
 
 1. Filthily; nastily; odiously; hatefully; 
 scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully. 
 
 We in the world s wide mouth 
 Live scandaliz'd, and foully spoken of. Shakesp. 
 
 The letter to the protector was gilded over with 
 many smooth words ; but the other two did fully 
 and foully set forth his obstinacy, avarice, and am- 
 f"''""- Hayward. 
 
 O brother, brother 1 Filbert still is true ; 
 1 foully wrong'd him : do, forgive me, do. Gay. 
 
 2. Not lawfully ; not fairly. 
 Thou play'dst most foully for't. Shakesp. 
 
 FouLMOUTHED. flrf/. [foul and Tnouth.] 
 Scurrilous ; habituated to the use of 
 opprobrious terms and epithets. 
 
 Jly Lord, he speaks most vilely of you, like a 
 fouimouth'd man as he is, and said he would cudgel 
 y<'u. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 It was allowed by every body, that so foulmouth- 
 ed a witness never appeared in any cause. Addison. 
 
 My reputation is too well esUblislied in the 
 world to receive any hurt from such afoulmoiithed 
 scoundrel as he. .irbuthnot. 
 
 Now singing shrill, and scolding oft between. 
 Scolds answer fouimouth'd scolds ; bad neighbour- 
 hood 1 ween. Pope. 
 
 Fo'uLNESS. n. s. [from foul.] 
 
 1. The quality of being foul ; filthiness ; 
 nastiness. 
 
 The ancients were wont to make garments that 
 were not destroyed but purified by fire; and where- 
 as the spots or foulness of other cloaths are washed 
 out, in these they were usually burnt away. IVitk. 
 
 2. Pollution ; impurity. 
 
 It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulness. 
 No unchaste action, or dishonour'd step. 
 That hath depriv'd me of your grace and favour. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 There is not so chaste a nation as this, nor so 
 free from all pollution or foulness: it is the virgin 
 of the world. Bacon. 
 
 3. Hatefulness ; atrociousness. 
 
 Consul, you are too mild : 
 The foulness of some facts lakes thence all mercy. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 It is the wickedness of a whole life, discharging 
 all its filth and foulness into this one quality, as in- 
 to a great sink or common shore. South. 
 
 4. Ugliness; deformity. 
 
 He by an aff"ection sprung up from excessive 
 beauty, should not delight in horrible^(>u/nfS5. Sid. 
 
 He's fallen in love with yoxir foulness, and she'll 
 fall in love with my anger. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 The fury laid aside 
 Her looks and limbs, and with new methods tried 
 The Joulness of th' infernal form to hide. Dryden. 
 
 5. Dishonesty ; want of candour. 
 
 Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity 
 and all falseness or foulness of intentions ; especi- 
 ally to that personated devotion, under which any 
 kind of impiety is wont to be disguised. Hammond. 
 
 Found. The preterite and participle 
 passive of find. 
 
 I am sought of them that asked not for me: I 
 am /t)U7irfof them thatsought me not. Isaiah, l\v. 1. 
 
 Authors now find, as once AchillesJtJHnrf, 
 The whole is mortal if a part's unsound. Young. 
 
 To FOUND. I', a. [fu7idai-e, Lat. fon- 
 der, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To lay the basis of any building. 
 
 It fell not ; for it was founded upon arock. Mat. 
 He hathfounded it upon the seas, and estab- 
 lished it upon the floods. Psalm, xxiv. 2. 
 
 2. To build ; to raise. 
 
 These tunes of reason are Amphion's lyre. 
 Wherewith he did the Theban city found. Davies, 
 
 762
 
 F O U 
 
 They Gabian walls, and strong Fi'ienK rear, 
 Nonientum. Bula with FomcUnJlmnd, 
 And raise Colatian tnw'rs on rocky ground. Dryd. 
 
 3. To establish ; to erect. 
 
 This also shall they gain by llieir delay^ 
 In the wide wilderness ; there tliey shall found 
 Their government, and their great senate chuse, 
 Through the twelve tribes, to rule by laws or- 
 "dain'd. Milton. 
 
 He J'outidbir^ a library, gathered tosclher the 
 acts of the kin;:s and prupliets. 2 Mac. ii. l.'J. 
 
 4. To give birth or original to: as, he 
 founded an art ; he founded a family. 
 
 5. To raise upon, as on a principle or 
 ground, 
 
 Thougli some have made use of the opinion of 
 some schoolmeu, (hat dominion hfoimdcd w grace ; 
 were it adniiUed as the most certain truth, it could 
 never warrant any such sanguinary method. 
 
 Decau >yf Picti/. 
 
 Aright to'the use of the creatures is founded 
 originally in the right a man has to subsist. Locke. 
 
 Power, Jounded on contract, can descend only to 
 him who has a right by that contract. Loche. 
 
 The reputation of the Iliad tht^y found upon the 
 ignorance of his times. Popes Preface to the Iliad. 
 
 6. To fix firm. 
 
 Fleance is escap'd. 
 —Then comes my fit again ; I had else been perfect, 
 Whole as the murhle , founded as the rock. Shahesp. 
 
 To Found, v. a, [fundere, Lat. fondre^ 
 Fr.] To form by melting and pouring 
 into moulds ; to cast. 
 
 A second multitude 
 With wondrous ^rtjonnded the massy ore, 
 Severing each kind, scum'd the bullion dross. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Founda'tion. n. s. [fondation, Fr.] 
 
 1. The basis or lower parts of an edifice. 
 
 The stateliness of houses, the goodliness of trees, 
 when we behold them, delightetb the eye; but 
 that foundation which beare\h up the one, that 
 root which ministreth unto the other nourishment, 
 is in the bosom of the earth concealed. Hooker. 
 
 That is tiie way to make the city flat. 
 To bring the roof to the Jonndation, 
 To bury all. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 O Jove, J think, 
 Foundations fly tlie wretched ; such I mean. 
 Where they f.hould berelicv'd. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 I draw a line along shore ; 
 I lay the deep foundations of a wall. 
 And Erios, naiu'd from me, the city call. Dryden. 
 
 2. The act of fixing the basis. 
 
 Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest, 
 Since their foundation, came a nobler guest. Tickel. 
 
 3. The principles or ground on which any 
 notion is raised. 
 
 If we give way to our passions, we do but gra- 
 tify ourselves for the present, in order to our future 
 disquiet; but if we resist and conquer them, we lay 
 i\it foundation of perpetual peace in our minds. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 That she should be subject to her husband, the 
 laws of mankind and customs of nations have 
 ordered it so; and there is ?l foundation in nature 
 for it. Locke. 
 
 4. Original ; rise. 
 
 Throughout the world, even from the first 
 foundation thereof, all men have eitlier been taken 
 as lords or lawful kings in their own houses. Hooker. 
 
 5. A revenue settled and established for 
 
 any purpose, particularly charity. 
 
 He had an opportunity of going to school on a- 
 foundation. Swift. 
 
 6. Establishment; settlement. 
 Fo'uNDER. n. s. [from fonnd.] 
 
 I. A builder; one who raises an edifice; 
 one who presides at the erection of a 
 city. 
 
 Of famous cities we ihti founders know : 
 But rivers, old as seas to which tliey go, 
 Are nature's bounty : 'tis of more renown 
 To make a river than to build a town. IValUr. 
 
 F O U 
 
 N»;r was Prcenesie's founder wanting there, 
 
 Whom fame reports the son of Mulciber. Dryden. 
 
 2. One who establishes a revenue for any 
 purpose. 
 
 The wanting orphans saw with wat'ry eves 
 'lhc\r founders cliarity in the dust laid ]ow. Dryden. 
 
 This hath been experimentally proved bv the 
 honoyirahle founder of this lecture in his treatise of 
 the air. Bentley. 
 
 3. One from whom any thing has its ori- 
 ginal or beginning. 
 
 And the rude notictis of pcdantick schools 
 Blaspheme the sacred^oujider of our rules. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 When Jove,who saw from higb.with just disdain, 
 The dead inspir'd with vital breath a^ain. 
 Struck to llie centre with his flaming dart 
 The unhappy Jl'i/nf/er of tlie g'.dlike art. Dryden. 
 
 King James I. ih(^ founder of the Stuart race, had 
 he not confined all his views to the peace of bis 
 own reign, his son had not been involved in such 
 fatal troubles. Addisoiis Freeholder. 
 
 Nor can the skilful herald trace 
 The founder of th3' ancient race. Suift. 
 
 4. [Fondeur, Fr.] A caster; one who 
 forms figures by casting melted matter 
 into moulds. 
 
 Founders add a little antimony to tlieir bell- 
 metal, to make it more sonorous ; and so pewterers 
 to their pewter, to make it sound more clear like 
 silver. Grew's MustEum. 
 
 To Fo'uNDER. V. a, [fondre, Fr.] To 
 cause such a soreness and tenderness in 
 a horse's foot, that he is unable to set it 
 to the ground. 
 
 Phoebus' steeds are foundered, 
 Or nisht kept chain'd below. Shake^. Tempest. 
 
 I have J oundered nine score and odd posts; and 
 here, travel-tainted as I am, have, in my pnre 
 and immaculate valcur, taken Sir John Coleville 
 of the Dale, a most furious knight: but what of 
 that? he saw me and yielded. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 Thy stumbling /imnWerV jade can trot as high 
 As any other Pegasus can fly ; 
 So the dull eel moves nimbler in the mud. 
 Than all the swift-fiini'd racers of the flood. 
 
 Dorset. 
 
 Brutes find out where their talents lie : 
 A bear will not attempt to fly ; 
 A founder d horse will (ift debate. 
 Before he tries a five-barr'd gate. Swift. 
 
 If you find a gentleman fond of your horse, 
 persuade your master to sell him, because he is 
 vicious, and foundered into the bargain. Swifl. 
 
 ISlen of discretion, whom people in power may 
 with little ceremony load as heavy as they please, 
 drive them through the hardest and deepest roads, 
 without danjier of foundering or breaking their 
 backs, and will be sure to find them neither resly 
 nor vicious. Smft. 
 
 To Fo'uNDER. r. w. [from fondy Fr. the 
 bottom.] 
 
 1. To sink to the bottom. 
 
 New ships, built at those rates, have been ready 
 to founder in the seas with every extraordinary 
 storm. italeigh's Essays. 
 
 2. To fail ; to miscarry. 
 
 In this point 
 All his tricks/OT^nrfer; and he brings hisphysick 
 After his patient's death. Shakesjj. Heu.'XllX. 
 
 Fo'uNDERY. n. s. [fondiri, Fr. from 
 fo2tnd.] A place where figures are form- 
 ed of melted metal ; a casting-house. 
 
 Fo'uNDUNG. n. s, [from found of find.] 
 A child exposed to chance ; a child found 
 without any parent or owner. 
 
 We, like bastards, are laid abroad, even as 
 foundlings, to be trained up by grief and sorrow. 
 
 Sidney. 
 I pass the foundlins b^*, a race unknown, 
 At doors expos'd, whom matrons make their own. 
 And into noble families advance 
 A nameless issue; the blind work of chance. Dryd. 
 
 F O U 
 
 A piece of charity practised by most of the na- 
 tions about us, is a provision for Joundlings, or 
 for those children who are exposed to the barbarity 
 of cruel and unnatural parents. Addiion. 
 
 The iioddess long had mark'd the child's distress. 
 And long had sr>ught his sutTrings to redress; 
 She prays the gods to take ihe foundUng's part. 
 To leach his hands some beneficial art. Oay. 
 
 Fo'uNDRES.s. n. 8. [from foujidcr.l 
 
 1. A woman that founds, builds, estab- 
 lishes, or begins any thing. 
 
 2. A woman that establishes any charitable 
 revenue. 
 
 For of their order she was patroness, 
 Albe Clarissa was theirchiefst/i^um/rfs*. Fairy Q, 
 
 For zeal like hers, her servants were to show ; j 
 She WAS the first, where ntcd requir'd to go ; J 
 Herself ihe/(ni»f/rf&s, and attendant too. Dryd. » 
 
 FOUNT. I n. 5. [fons, Lat. fori' 
 
 FOUNTAIN./ faine/Fr.] 
 
 1. A well ; a spring. 
 
 He set before him spreail 
 A table of celestial food divine. 
 Ambrosial fruits, fetch'd from the tree of life ; 
 And from the /oim( of life ambrosia! drink. Milton. 
 
 2. A small bason of springing water. 
 
 Proiifa as clear as founts in July, when 
 We see each grain of gravel. Sfiakesp. Hen. XMl. 
 
 Can a man drink better from the fountain finely 
 ])aved witli marble, than when it swells over the 
 green turf? Taylor. 
 
 Narcissus on tlie grassy verdure lies ; j 
 
 But whiUt within the crystal fount he tries > 
 
 'J'o cjuench his heat, he feels new heat arise. Add. * 
 
 3. A jet ; a spout of water. 
 
 Fountains I intend to be of two natnres ; the one 
 that sprinkleth or spouteth water ; the other a fair 
 receipt of water, without lish, or slime, or mud. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 4. The head or first spring of a river. 
 
 All actions of your graceare of a piece, as waters 
 keep the tenor of the'xx fountains : your compassion 
 is general, and has tiie same eflfect as well on 
 enemies as friends. Dryden. 
 
 5. Original; first principle; first cause. 
 
 Almighty God, the fowMaxn of all goodness. 
 
 Common Praver. 
 
 You miy reduce many thousand bodies to tKese 
 few general figures, as unto their principal heads 
 and forintnins. Feacham. 
 
 This one city may well be reckoned not only the 
 seat of trade and commerce, not only thejtn»i(am 
 of habits and fashions, and good breeding, but of 
 morallv good or bad manners to all England. 
 
 Spratt's Sermons. 
 
 Fo'uNTAlNLESS. adj, [from fountain.] 
 
 Having no fountain ; wanting a spring. 
 
 So large 
 The prospect was. That here and there was room. 
 For barren dessert fount ainiess and dry. Milton. 
 
 Fo'uNTFUL, adj, [fount and full.] Full 
 of springs. 
 But when the fountfull6a' a top they scal'd witU 
 utmost liaste, 
 All fell upon the bigh-hair'd oaks. Chapman. 
 
 To FovPE. V. a. To drive with sudden 
 impetuosity. A word out of use. 
 
 We pronounce, by the confession of strangers, 
 a? smoothly and moderately as any of tlie northern 
 nations, who _^'<^ipf their words out of tlie throat 
 witli fat and lull spirits. Camden. 
 
 FOUR. adj. [peopeji. Sax.] Twice two. 
 Just as I wish'd, the lots were cast on four ; 
 Myself the fifth. Popes Odysscv- 
 
 FOURBE. n, s. [Fr.] A cheat ; a trick- 
 ing fellow. Not in use. 
 
 Jove's envoy, through the air. 
 Brings dismal tidings ; as if such low care 
 Could reach iheirthoughts.or theirreposedisturb ! 
 Thou art a false imposTor, and ^fourbe. Dcnham. 
 
 Fourfold, adj, [four and/o/</.] Four 
 times told. 
 
 763
 
 row 
 
 He sliall restore tlie lamb fourfold, because lie 
 had nil pity. 2 Sam. xii. 6. 
 
 FouRFOOTED. adj. [four and Joot.] 
 Quadruped ; having twice two feet. 
 
 Au-riir Astylos, whose art in vain _ ^ 
 
 Fromfiglit dissuaded tbe_/i)ii'^i)Olerf train, > 
 
 Now licHlthchoof with Ncssus on the plain. Dry. * 
 
 Foursco'ke. adj. [four and score.'\ 
 
 1 . Four times twenty ; eighty. 
 
 When they were out of reach, they turned and 
 crossed the ocean to Spain, having lost Jourscore of 
 their ships, and the greater p.irt of their inen. 
 
 Bacons War with Spain. 
 
 The Chiots were first a free people, being a 
 conimonwealth, maintaining a navy o( fourscvre 
 ships. Sandiis. 
 
 The Liturgy had, by the practice of near four- 
 score vears, obtained great veneration from all 
 sober I'rotestanls. Clarendon. 
 
 2. It is used elliptically for fourscore years 
 in numbering the age of man. 
 
 At seventeen years many their fortunes seek ; 
 But atjiiiirscore'it is ton late a week. ^ Shakcsp. 
 
 Some few might be of use in council upon great 
 occasions, 'till after threescore and ten ;_ and the 
 two late ministers in Spain were so 'till_/()ursci>re. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Foursquare, adj. [four and square.] 
 Quadrangular; having four sides and 
 angles equal. 
 
 The temple of Bel was inviroiied with a wall 
 carried foursquare, of great height and beauty ; 
 and on each square certain brazen gales curiously 
 engraven. Raleigh's Historij. 
 
 Fourteen, adj. [peopepryn, Sax.] Four 
 
 and ten; twice seven. 
 I am not fourteen pence on the score for sheer 
 
 ale. Shakesp. 
 
 FouRTE'ENTH.ffrf/. [from fourteen. ] The 
 
 ordinal of fourteen ; the fourth after the 
 
 tenth. 
 
 1 have not found any that see the ninth day, few 
 
 before tlie twelfth, and the eyes of some not open 
 
 before the fourteenth day. Bromi's Vulg. Enours. 
 
 Fourth, adj. [from four.] The ordinal 
 
 of four ; the first after the third. 
 
 A third is like ths former : filthy hags ! 
 
 Why do you shew me this .' fi fourth ? start eye ! 
 
 What! will the line stretch out to th' crack of 
 
 doom ? Shakesp. 
 
 Fo'urthly. adv. [from fourth.] In the 
 fourth place. 
 
 Fourthly, plants have their seed and seminal 
 parts uppermost, and living creatures have them 
 lowermost. Bacon's Kat. History. 
 
 Fourwhe'eled. adj. [four and wheel.] 
 Running upon twice two wheels. 
 Scarce twenty foiiruiheel'd cars, compact and 
 strong, 
 The massy load could bear, and roll along. Pope. 
 Fo'uTRA. n. s. [from f out }r, Fr.] A fig; 
 a scoff: a word of contempt. Not used. 
 A foutra for the world, and worldlings base.5/i(iA-. 
 FOWL. n.s. [pu5el,j-uhl,S,ax. vogel,Dut.] 
 A winged animal ; a bird. It is colloqui- 
 ally used of edible birds, but in books of 
 all the feathered tribes. Fowl is used col- 
 lectively: as, we dined upon fishand/ojt;/. 
 
 The beasts, the fishes, and the winged fouls, 
 Are their males subjects, and at their controuls. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 Lucullus entertained Pompey in a magnificent 
 house : Pompey said, this is a marvellous house for 
 the Summer ; "but methinks very cold for Winter. 
 Lucullus answered, do you not think me as wise 
 a? d;vers fowls, to change my habitation in the 
 Winter season ? Bacons Apophthegms. 
 
 This mighty breath 
 Instructs the^tm/i of heaven. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 To Fowl. v. n. [from the noun.] To kill 
 birds for food or game. 
 
 F R A 
 
 Fo'wLER. n. s. [from fowl.] A sports- 
 man who pursues birds. 
 
 The fowler, warn'd 
 By those good omens, with swift early steps 
 Treads the crimp earth, ranging through fields and 
 
 glades, 
 Offensive to the birds. Philips. 
 
 With slaught'ring guns th' unweary'd fowler 
 roves, 
 When frosts have wliiten'd all the naked groves. 
 
 Pnpe 
 
 Fo'wLiNGPiECE. n. s, [fowl SiX\(l 'piece.'] 
 A gun for birds. 
 
 'Tis necessary that the countryman be provided 
 with a good fowling}}iece . Mortimer. 
 
 FOX. w. s. [pox, Sax. vos, vosch, Diit.] 
 
 1. A wild animal of the canine kind, with 
 shar]:) ears, and a bushy tail, remarkable 
 for his cunning, living in holes, and 
 preying upon fowls or small animals. 
 
 Thc/().r barks not when he would steal the Iamb. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He that trusts to you, 
 Where he should find you lions, finds you bares ; 
 Where Jiiies, geese. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 These retreats are more like the dens of robbers, 
 or holes of foies, than the fortresses of i'air warri- 
 ours. Locke. 
 
 2. By way of reproach, applied to a knave 
 or cunning fellow, 
 
 Fo'xcASE. 71. s. [fox and case.] A fox's 
 skin. 
 
 One had better be laughed at for taking a foi- 
 
 case for a fox, than be destroyed by taking a live 
 
 fox for a case. VEgtran^e. 
 
 Fo'xCHASE. n. s. [fox and chase.] The 
 
 pursuit of the fox with hounds. 
 
 See the same man, in vigour, in the gout ; 
 Alime, in company ; in place or out j 
 Early at business, and at ha^^ard late ; 
 Mad at a, foxchase, wise at a debate. Pope. 
 
 Fo'xEViL. n, s. [fox and evil.] A kind 
 
 of disease in which the hair sheds. 
 Fo'xFiSH. ?i. s. [vidpicnla piscis.] A fish. 
 Fo'xGLOVES. n s, [digitalis.] A plant. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 Fo'xHUNTER. n. s. [fox and hunter.] A 
 
 man whose chief ambition is to shew his 
 
 bravery in hunting foxes. A terra of 
 
 reproach used of country gentlemen. 
 
 The foihunters went their way, and tlien out 
 
 steals ine fox. UEstrange. 
 
 John Wildfire, /i5.tfiunter, broke hi* neck over a 
 
 six-bar gate. Spectator. 
 
 Fo'xsHiP. 7}. s. [from /b.r.] The charac- 
 ter or qualities of a fox; cunning; mis- 
 chievous art. 
 
 Had'st ihoaforship 
 To banish him that struck more blows for Rome, 
 Than thou hast spoken words. Shakesp. Conolaiius. 
 
 Fo'xTAiL. 71. s. [alopecurtts.] A plant. 
 Fo'xTUAp. n. s. [fox and ti'ap,] A gin 
 or snare to catch foxes. 
 
 Answer a question, at what hour of the night 
 to set afoxtrap ? Tatlcr. 
 
 FoY. 71. s. [foi, Fr.] Faith ; allegiance. 
 An obsolete word. 
 
 He Eastcrland subdued, and Denmark won, 
 And of them both did_/oi/and tribute raise. Fairy Q. 
 
 To Fr ACT. V. a. [fractus, Lat.] To break ; 
 to violate ; to infringe. Found perhaps 
 only in the following passage. 
 
 His days and times are ])ast, 
 And my reliance on Xnsjracted dates 
 Has sniit my credit. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 FRACTION, n. s. [fraction, Fr. fractio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 F R A 
 
 1. The act of breaking ; the state of being 
 broken. 
 
 The surface of the earth hath been broke, and 
 
 the partsof it dislocated ; several parcels of nature 
 
 retain still the evident marks o( fraction and ruin. 
 
 Burnet's Theory of the Earth. 
 
 2. A broken part of an integral. 
 The fractions uf her faitli, arts of her love. 
 
 The fragments, scraps, tlie bits and greasy reliquOK 
 Of her o'er eaten faith, are bound to Diomede. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Neither the motion of the moon, whereby montfis 
 are computed, nor the sun, whereby years are ac- 
 counted, consistethi f whole numheis, but admits of 
 fractions and broken parts. Brown's lulg. Err, 
 
 Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather 
 than a fraction. Arbuthnot on Coins, 
 
 Fra'ctional. adj. [h-om fraction.] Be- 
 longing to a broken number; comprising 
 a broken number. 
 
 We make a cypher the medium between in- 
 creasing and decreasing numbers, commonly called 
 absolute or whole numbers, and negative or frac- 
 tional numbers. Cocker's Arlthmetick. 
 
 FRACTURE, n. s. [fractura, Lat.] 
 
 1. Breach; separation of continuous parts. 
 
 That may do it without any preat /rac(i(?'e of 
 the more stable and fixed parts of nature, or the 
 infringement of the laws thereof. Hale. 
 
 2. The separation of the continuity of a 
 bone in living bodies. 
 
 But thou wiit sin and grief destroy. 
 That so the broken bones may joy. 
 And tune together in a well-set song. 
 
 Full of his praises. 
 
 Who dead men raises ; 
 Fracmreswell cur'd, make us more strong. Herbert. 
 
 Fractures of the scull are dangerous, not in con- 
 sequence of the injury done to the cranium itself, 
 but as the brain becomes affected. Shai-p's Surgery. 
 
 To Fra'cture. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 break a bone. 
 
 The leg was dressed, and ihe fractured bones 
 united together. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 FRA'GILE. adj. [fragile, Fr. fi-agilis, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Brittle ; easily snapped or broken. 
 
 To ease them of their griefs, 
 Tlieir pangs of love, and other incident throes. 
 That nature's /raji/e vessel doth sustain 
 In life's uncertain voyage. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 The stalk of ivy is tough, and not fragile. Bacon. 
 
 When subtle wits have spun their threads too fine, 
 'Tis weak and fragile, like Archne's line. Denham. 
 
 A dry stick will be easily broken, when a green 
 one will maintain a strong resistance ; and yet in 
 the most substance there is less rest than in what is 
 drier and more fragile. Gla7ivill€. 
 
 2. Weak ; uncertain ; easily destroyed. 
 
 Much ostentation, vain of fleshly arms, 
 Andfragile arms, much instrument of war. 
 Long in preparing, soon to nothing brought. 
 Before mine eyes thou'st set. Milion'sFar. Tteg. 
 
 Fragility. «. s. [from fragile.] 
 
 1. Brittleness; easiness to be broken. 
 
 To make an induration with toughness, and less 
 fragility, dccoct bodies in water for two or three 
 days. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Weakness ; uncertainty ; easiness to 
 be destroyed. 
 
 Fear the uncertainty of mnn'sfragiUty, the_ com- 
 mon chance of war, the violence of fortune. Knotles. 
 
 3. Frailty ; liableness to fault. 
 
 All could not be right, in such a state, in this 
 lower age of fragility. Wotton. 
 
 FRA'GMENT. n. s. [fragmentum, Lat.] 
 A part broken from the whole ; an im- 
 perfect piece. 
 
 He who late a sceptre did command. 
 Now grasps a i\oAUn^ fragment in his hand. Dryd. 
 Cowley, in his unhnished fragment of the I)a- 
 vidcis, has shewn us this way to improvement. 
 
 H'alts on the Mind. 
 
 7C4
 
 F R A 
 
 If a thin or plated body, which, being of an evei 
 thickness, appears all over of one uniform colour, 
 should be slit into threads, or broken into /rag 
 mtnti of the same thickness with the plate, I se< 
 no reason why every thread or/ragmcnt should not 
 keep its colour. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 Some on painted wood 
 Trans6x'd thejfrogmetits, some prepar'd the food. 
 
 Pope's Odysscif. 
 Fra'gmentary. adj. [from fragment.] 
 Composed of fragments. A word not 
 elegant, not in use. 
 She, she is gone ; she's gone: when thou know'st 
 this. 
 What fragmenlan/ rubbish this world is. 
 Thou know'st, and that it is not worth a thought ; 
 He knows it too too much that thinks it nought. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 FRA'GOR. n. s. [Lat.] A noise ; a crack ; 
 a crash. Not used. 
 
 Pursu'd by hideous^agors, as before 
 The flames descend, they in their breaches roar. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 Fra'grance.I n. s. [fragrantia, Lat.] 
 Fra'grancy. J Sweetness of smell ; 
 pleasing scent ; grateful odour. 
 
 Eve separate he spies, 
 Veil'd in a cloud offragrance, where she stood 
 Half spy'd. Mi7(i')i's Pur. Lost. 
 
 I am more pleasM to survey my rows of cole- 
 worts and cabbages springing up in their full fra- 
 ^ancv and verdure, than to see the tender plants 
 of foreign countries kept alive hy artificial heats. 
 Add'tson's Spectator. 
 Not lovelier seem'd Narcissus to the eye ; 
 Nor, when a flower, could boast more/ragrancv. 
 
 Gailh. 
 Such was the wine ; to quench whose ferveiit 
 steam 
 Scarce twenty measures from the living stream 
 To cool one cup suflic'd : the goblet crown'd, 
 Breath'd aromatick/rograncies around. Pope's Ody. 
 
 FRA'GRANT. adj. [fragrans, Lat.] Odo- 
 rous ; sweet of smell. 
 
 Fragrant the fertile earth 
 After soft show'rs ; and sweet the coming on 
 Ofgrateful evening mild. Milton. 
 
 The nymph vouchsaf d to place 
 Upon her head the various wreath ; 
 
 The flow'rs, less blooming than her face 5 
 Their scent less Jragrant than her breath. Prior. 
 
 Fra'grantly. adv. [from fragrant.] 
 With sweet scent 
 
 As the hops begin to change colour, and smell 
 fragrantly, you may conclude them ripe. Mortimer. 
 
 Frail, n. s. 
 
 1. A basket made of rushes. 
 
 2. A rush for weaving baskets. 
 FRAIL, adj. [ fragilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Weak ; easily decaying ; subject to ca- 
 sualties ; easily destroyed. 
 
 I know my body's of sofrail a kind. 
 As force, without fevers within can kill. Davies, 
 
 When with care we have raised an imaginary 
 treasure of happiness, we find, at last, that the ma- 
 terials of the structure -dre frail and iierisliin^, and 
 the foundation itself is laid in the sand. Rogers. 
 
 2. Weak of resolution ; liable to errour or 
 seduction. 
 
 The truly virtuous do not easily credit evil that 
 is told them of their neighbours ; for if others may- 
 do amiss, then may these also speak amiss : man is 
 frail, and prone to evil, and therefore may soon 
 fail in words. Taylor's Guide to D'evotion. 
 
 Fra'ilness. M.S. [from /raiV.] Weak- 
 ness ; instability. 
 
 There is nothing among all ihe frailnesses int\ 
 uncertainties of this sublunary world so tottering 
 and unstable as the virtue of a coward. Korris. 
 
 Fra'ilty. n. s. [from /;•«("/.] 
 1 . Weakness of resolution ; instability of 
 mind; infirmity. 
 
 F R A 
 
 Though Page he a secure fool, and stands so 
 firmly on his wife's frailty, yet I cannot put off 
 my opinion so easily. Shakesp. 
 
 Nor should'st ihou have trusted that to woman's 
 frailty : 
 Ere T to thee, thou to thyself was cruel. 'Milton. 
 
 God knows ourfrailttj, pities our weakness, and 
 requires of us no morellian we are able to do. L<Kke. 
 
 2. Fault proceeding from weakness ; sins of 
 infirmity : in this sense it has a plural. 
 
 Love did his reason blind, 
 And love's the noblest frailty of the mind. Dryden. 
 
 Kind wits will those light faults excuse : 
 Those are the common^'rui/fies of the rause. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Death, only death, can break the lasting chain; 
 And here, ev^n then, shall my cold dust remain ; 
 Here all hs frailties, all its flames resign. 
 And wait, 'till 'tis no sin to mix with thine. Pope. 
 
 That Christians are now not only like other men 
 in ihe'iT frailties and infirmities, might be in some 
 degree excusable ; but the complaint is, they arc 
 like heathens in all the main and chief articles of 
 their lives. Law. 
 
 FRAISCHEUR. n. s. [Ft.] Freshness ; 
 coolness. A word foolishly inno^'ated 
 by Dryden. 
 
 Hither in Summer-evenings 3'ou repair. 
 To taste the /raisc/ieur of the purer air. Dryden. 
 
 FRAISE. n. s. [Fr. the caul of an animal.] 
 
 A pancake with bacon in it. 
 To FRAME. V. a. 
 
 1. To form or fabricate by orderly con- 
 struction and union of various parts. 
 
 The double gates he findeth locked fast ; 
 The one iairfrani'd of burnish'd ivory. 
 The other all with silver overcast. Spemcr. 
 
 2. To fit to one another. 
 
 They rather cut down their timber to frame it, 
 and to do necessaries to their convenient use, than 
 to fight. Abbot. 
 
 Hew timber, saw it, frame it, and set it together. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 3. To make ; to compose. 
 
 Then chusing out few words most horrible. 
 Thereof did verses /i-ame. Spenser. 
 
 Fight valiantly to-day ; ' 
 
 And yet I do thee wrong to mind thee of it ; 
 For thou art^am'd of the firm truth of valour. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 4. To regulate ; to adjust. 
 
 Let us not deceive ourselvesbypretendinglo this 
 excellent knowledge of Christ Jesus our Lord, if 
 we do not J?-ame our lives according to it. Tillotson. 
 
 5. To form any rule or method by study 
 or precept. 
 
 Thou art iheir soldier, and, being bred in broils. 
 Hast not the soft way ; but thou w'lh frame 
 Thj'self forsooth hereafter theirs. Shakes. Coriolanus. 
 
 I have been a truaiit to the law ; 
 I never j-et could/rame my will to it. 
 And therefore frame the law unto my will. Shakesp. 
 
 6. To form and digest by thought. 
 
 The most abstruse ideas are only such as the un- 
 derstanding frames to itself, by joining together 
 ideas that it had either from objects of sense or from 
 its own operations about them. Locke. 
 
 Full of that flame his tender scenes he warms, 
 liti<\ frames his goddess by your matchless charms. 
 
 Grarivillc. 
 
 Urge him w ith truth to frame his sure replies. 
 And sure he will ; for wisdom never lies. Pope. 
 
 How many excellent reasonings are framed in 
 the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a lensth 
 of years. _ ]Vatts. 
 
 7. To contrive ; to plan. 
 
 Unpardonable the presumption and insolence in 
 contriving and/ramiiig this letter was. Clarendon. 
 
 8. To settle; to scheme out. 
 Though I cannot make true wars, 
 
 I'W frame convetiient peace. Shakesp. CorioUmns. 
 
 9. To invent ; to fabricate, in a bad sense : 
 . as, to frame a story or lie. 
 
 F R A 
 
 Astronomers, to solve the phenomena, framtd 
 to their conceit eccentricks and epicycles. Bacon, 
 
 Frame, n. «. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A fabrick ; any thing constructed of 
 various parts or members. 
 
 If the^Vame of the heavenly arch should dissrlve 
 itself, if celestial spheres shuuld forget their wonted 
 motions, and b^' irregular volubility tuni them- 
 selves any way, a9 it might happen. Hnokcr. 
 
 Castles made of trees upon frames of timber, 
 with turrets and arches, were anciently matters uf 
 magnificence. Bacon^ 
 
 These are thy glorious works, parent of good ! 
 Almitrhty ! tl.iue this universal /ranwr. Milton. 
 
 Divine Cecilia came, 
 Inventress of the vocai frame. Dryden. 
 
 '1 he gate was adamant ; eternal yramc. 
 Which, hew'd by Mars himself, from Indian quar- 
 ries came, 
 The labour of a god ; and alt along > 
 
 i'ough iron plates were clench 'd to make it strong. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 We see this vast frame of the world, and an 
 innumerable multitude of creatures in it; all which 
 we, who brieve a God, attribute to him as t!ie 
 author. Tiltvtson. 
 
 2. Any thing made so as to inclose or 
 admit something else. 
 
 Put both the tube and the vessel it leaned on 
 into a convenient wooden^rame, to keep them from 
 mischances. Boyle. 
 
 His picture scarcely would deserve aframe. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 A globe of glass, about eight or ten inches in 
 diameter, being put into ajrame where it may he 
 swiftly turned round its axis," ill, hi turning, shine, 
 where it rubs against the palm of one's hand. 
 
 AVlft<771. 
 
 3. Order; regularity; adjusted series or 
 disposition. 
 
 A woman, that is like a German clock. 
 Still a repairing, ever out of Jrame, 
 And never going aright. Shakesp. 
 
 Vour steady soul preserves her frame ; 
 In good and evil times the same. Sicift. 
 
 4. Scheme ; order. 
 
 Another party did resolve to change the whole 
 frame of the government in state as well as church. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 5. Contrivance ; projection. 
 
 John the Bastard, 
 Whose spirits toil in^ramc of villanies. Shaketp. 
 
 6. Mechanical construction. 
 
 7. Shape; form; proportion. 
 
 A bear's a savage beast, 
 Whelp'd without form, until the dam 
 Has lick'd it into shape and frame. Httdibras. 
 
 Fra'mer. w. s. [from frame ; ppem- 
 man^Sax.] Maker; former; contriver; 
 schemer. 
 
 The forger of his own fate, the^ramer of his 
 fortune, should be improper, if actions were pre- 
 determined. Hammond. 
 There was want of accurateness in experiments 
 in the £rst original yramer of those med&ls. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 
 Fra'mpold. m. s, [This word is ^^Titte^ 
 by Dr. Hackit,fr ampul, I know not its 
 original.] Peevish; boisterous; rugged; 
 crossgrained. 
 
 Her husband ! Alas, tlie sweet woman leads aii 
 ill life with him : she leads a very frampold life 
 with him. Shake.'^p. 
 
 The frampul man could not be pacified. Hackft. 
 
 FRANCHISE n. s, [franchise, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Exemption from any onerous duty. 
 
 2. Privilege ; immunity ; right granted. 
 
 They granted them markets, and other fran- 
 chises, and erected corporate towns among thera. 
 Davit's on Ireland. 
 
 His cracious edict the same /"m«c/tisf vields 
 To all the wild increase of woods and fields. Dryd. 
 
 3. District ; extent of jurisdiction. 
 
 705
 
 F R A 
 
 There are other privileges grnnled unto most of 
 the corporations, that lliey shall not be travelled 
 forth of I bi!\r uwnfranchiies. Spenser's State of Irel. 
 
 To Franchise, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 enfranchise ; to make free ; to keep free. 
 
 I Inse no honour 
 In seeking to augment it ; but still keep 
 My boiomfrn7JchU'd, and allegiance clear. Shakesp. 
 
 Fra'ngible. adj. [Jrango, Lat.] Fra- 
 gile; brittle; easily broken. 
 
 Though it seems the solidest wood, if wrought 
 before it be well seasoned, it will shew itself ver^- 
 frangible. Boyle. 
 
 Fra'nion. n. s. [Of this word I know 
 not the derivation.] A paramour ; a 
 boon companion. 
 
 First, by her side did sit the bold Sansloy, 
 Fit mate fur such a mincing minion, 
 
 Who in her looseness took exceediiig joy, 
 Might not be found a fraiiker^ranion. Fairy Queen. 
 
 FR.\NK. adj. [franc, Fr.] 
 
 1. Liberal; generous; not niggardly. 
 
 The moister sorts of trees yield little moss, for 
 the reasoii of the frank putting up of the sap into 
 the boughs. Bacon. 
 
 They were left destitute, either by narrow proyi- 
 sion, or by iheir frank hearts and their open Ijands, 
 and their charity towards others. Spratt^s Sermons. 
 
 'Tis the ordinary practice of the world to be 
 /ranfc of civilities that cost tlieni nothing. L'Estran. 
 
 2. Open; ingenuous; sincere; notreserved. 
 
 3. Without conditions; without payment. 
 Thou hast it won ; for it is o{ frank gift. 
 
 And he will care for all the rest to shift. Hubberd. 
 
 4. Not restrained ; licentious. Not in use. 
 Wight not be found afranker franioii. Spenser. 
 
 Frank, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A place to feed hogs in ; a sty ; so cal- 
 led from liberality of food. 
 
 Where sups he ? Doth the old boar feed in the 
 old frank? Sliakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 2. A letter which pays no postage. 
 
 You'll have immediately, by several /i-anlcs, my 
 epistle to lord Cobham. Pope to Suijt. 
 
 3. A French coin. 
 
 To Frank, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To shut up in a frank or sly. Hanmer. 
 In the sty of this most bloody boar, 
 
 &Iy son Ge'orgle Stanly is frank d up in hold.Sfta/c. 
 
 2. To feed high ; to fat ; to cram. 
 
 Junius and Ainsworth. 
 
 3. [From the adjective.] To exempt let- 
 ters from postage. 
 
 Jly lord Orrerv writes to you to-morrow ; and 
 you see I send this under his cover, or at least 
 franked by him. _ _ Suii/i. 
 
 Gazette sent gratis down, iwdfrank'd. 
 For which thy patron's weekly thank'd. Pope. 
 
 Frankalmoi'gne. n. s. The same which 
 we in Latin call libera eleemosyna, or free 
 alms in English ; whence that tenure is 
 commonly known among our English 
 lawyers by the name of a tenure mj'rank 
 aumone, or frankalmoigne, which, ac- 
 cording to Briton, is a tenure by divine 
 service. Ayliffe's Parergon. 
 
 Fra'nkincense. n. s. [frank and in- 
 cense ; so called perhaps from its liberal 
 distribution of odour.] 
 
 Frankincense is a dry resinous substance in pieces 
 or drops, of a pale yellowish white colour; a 
 strong smell, but not disagreeable, and a bitter, 
 iicrid^ and resinous taste. It is very inflammable. 
 The earliest histories inform us, \\\^i frankincense 
 was used among the sacred rites and sacrifices, as 
 it continues to be in many parts. We are still 
 tmcertain as to the place whence frankincense is 
 brought, and as to the tree which produces it. HiU. 
 Take unto thee sweet spices, with pme frankin- 
 tense. Kiodus. 
 
 F R A 
 
 1 find inDioscorides record of_/i-rt?i/((rtcense gotten 
 in India. Brerevvi>d on Languages. 
 
 Black ebon only will in India grow, 
 .\nd od'rous^an/cincejise on the Sabo'an bough. 
 
 Drijd. Virgil. 
 Cedar and frankincense, an od'rous pile, 
 Flara'd on the hearth, and wide perfum'd the isle. 
 
 Pope. 
 Fra'nklin. n.s. [from frank.] A stew- 
 ard ; a bailiff of land. It signifies ori- 
 ginally a little gentleman, and is not im- 
 properly EngUshed a gentleman servant. 
 Not in use. 
 
 A spacious court tliey see. 
 Both plain and pleasant to be walked in. 
 Where them does meet a franklin fair and free. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Fra'nkly. adv. [frora/r«?)/f.] 
 
 1. Liberally ; freely ; kindly ; readily. 
 
 Oh, were it but my life, 
 I'd throw it down for your deliverance. 
 As frankly as a pin. Shakesp. Measure for Meas. 
 If ever any malice in ytiur heart 
 Were hid against me, now forgive mtfrankli}. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VIM. 
 When they had nothing to pay, he frankly for- 
 gave them both. Luke, vii, 42. 
 By the roughness of the earth, the sap cannot 
 get up to spread sofrankly as it should do. Bacon. 
 I value my garden more for being full of black- 
 birds than cherries, and yeiy frankly give them 
 fruit for their songs. Spectator. 
 
 2. Without constraint. 
 
 The lords mounted their servants upon their 
 own hor5es ; and thev, with the voluirteers, who 
 frankly listed themselves, amounted to a body of 
 two hundred and fifty horse. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Without reserve. 
 
 He entered very frankly info those new designs, 
 which were contnv'ed at court. CUirendon. 
 
 Fra'nkness. n. s. [from/;wi/.-.] 
 
 1. Plainness of speech; openness; inge- 
 nuousness. 
 
 When thtCnnde duke had somceclaircisscment 
 with the duko, in which he made all the protesta- 
 tions of his sincere affection, the other received his 
 protestations with all contempt ; and declared, with 
 a very unnecessary franfiness, that he would have 
 no friendship with him. Clarendon. 
 
 Tom made love to a woman of sense, and al- 
 ways treated her as such durijig the whole time of 
 coiirtship: his natural temper and good breeding 
 hindered him from doing any thing disngreeablc, 
 as his sincerity and frankness of behaviour made 
 him converse with her before marriage in the same 
 manner he intended to do afterwards. Add. Guard. 
 
 2. Liberality ; bounteousness. 
 
 3. Freedom from reserve. 
 
 He delivered with the frankness of a friend's 
 tongue, word by word, what Kalander had told 
 him touching tire strange story. Sidney. 
 
 'J'he ablest men that ever were, have bad all an 
 opeiniess andjrankness of dealing, and a name of 
 certainty and veracity. Paeon. 
 
 Frankple'dge. n.s. [franciplcgium, Lat. 
 of franc, i. e. liber £)• pleige, i. e.jidci 
 jmsor.'] A pledee or surety for freemen. 
 For the ancient custom of England, for 
 the preservation of the public peace, was 
 that every freeborn man at fourteen years 
 of age, religious persons, clerks, knights, 
 and their eldest sons excepted, should 
 find security for his fidelity to the king, 
 or else be kept in prison : whence it be- 
 came customary for a certain number of 
 neighbours to be bound for one another, 
 to see each man of their pledge firthcora- 
 ing at all times, or to answer the trans- 
 gression of any one absenting himself. 
 This was called frankpledge, and the cir- 
 cuit thereof was called dccenna, because 
 
 F R A 
 
 it commonly consisted of ten households; 
 and every particular person, thus mutu- 
 ally bound, was called decennier. This 
 custom was so strictly observed, that the 
 sheriffs in every county, did from time 
 to time take the oaths of young ones as 
 they grew to the age of fourteen years, 
 and see that they combined in one dozen 
 or other: this branch of the sheriff's 
 authority was called visus franciplegit, 
 view of frankpledge. Coivel. 
 
 FRA'NTICK. adj. [corrupted from phre- 
 nedck, phreneticus, Lat. (p^imTwo;.] 
 
 1. Mad; deprived of understanding by 
 violent madness ; outrageously and tur- 
 bulently mad. 
 
 Far off, he wonders what makes them so glad ; 
 Of Bacchus' merry fruit they did invent. 
 Or Cybel's Jran(ic/c riles have made them mad. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 2. Transported by violence of passion ; 
 outrageous ; turbulent. 
 
 Esteeming, in thefrantick error of their minds, 
 the greatest madness in the world to be wisdom, 
 and the highest wisdom foolishness. Hooker. 
 
 To such height the\rfrantick passion grows. 
 That what both love, both hazard to destroy. Dri/d. 
 
 She tears her hair, and, frantick in her griefs, 
 Calls out Lucia. Addisons Cato. 
 
 3. Simply mad. 
 
 The lover,^i'an(icfc. 
 Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt. Shakesp. 
 
 Fra'ntickly. adv. [from frantick.] 
 Madly ; distractedly ; outrageously. 
 
 Fie, fie, how franiickly I square my talk. Shak. 
 
 Fra'ntickness. n. s. [from frantick.] 
 Madness ; fury of passion ; distraction. 
 
 FRATE'RNAL. adj. [fraternel, Fr. fra- 
 ternus, Lat.] Brotherly ; pertaining to 
 brothers ; becoming brothers. 
 
 One shall arise 
 Of proud ambitious heart ; who, not content 
 With fair equality, /rufentai slate. 
 Will arrogate dominion undeserv'd 
 Over his brethren. Milton's Paradise Lest. 
 
 The admonitions, fraternal or paternal, of bis 
 fellow Christians, or of the governors of the 
 church, then more publick reprehensions ; and 
 upon their unsuccessfulness, the censures of the 
 church, until he reform and return. Hammond. 
 
 Plead it to her, 
 With all the strength and heats of eloquence 
 Fraternal love and friendship can ijispire. Addison. 
 
 Frate'rnally. adv. [from fraternal.] 
 In a brotherly manner. 
 
 Frate'rnity. n. s. [fraternite, Yr. fra- 
 ternilas, Lat.] 
 
 1. The state or quality of a brother. 
 
 2. Body of men united ; corporation; so- 
 ciety ; association ; brotherhood. 
 
 'Tis a necessary rule in alliances, societies, and 
 fraternilies, and all manner of civil contracts, to 
 have a strict regard to the humour of those we 
 have to do withal. L'Estrange. 
 
 3. Men of the same class or character. 
 
 With what terras of respect knaves and sots will 
 speak of their own fraiernity. South's Sermons. 
 
 Fra'tricide. n. s. [fratricide, Vr.fratri- 
 cidium, Lat.] The murder of a brother. 
 FRAUD, n. s. [fraus, Lat. fraude, Fr.] 
 Deceit; cheat; trick; artifice; subtility; 
 stratagem. 
 
 Our belter part remains 
 To work in close design, by fraud or gi"le. 
 What force effected not. Udton. 
 
 None need the^i-aiids of sly Vlysses fear. Dryd. 
 If success a lover's toil attends. 
 Who asks if forceor^oud obtain'd his ends. Pcpe. 
 
 7b6
 
 F R A 
 
 Fraudful. adj. {fraud and full] Trea- 
 cherous ; artful ; trickish ; deceitful ; 
 subtle. 
 
 The welfare of us all 
 Hangs on the cutting short that^awrf/tif man. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 He, full of/iniirffiii arts, 
 Tliis well-invciited tale for truth imparts. Drydcn. 
 
 Fra'udfully. adv. [from fraudful.] 
 Deceitfully ; artfully ; subtilly ; treach- 
 erously ; by stratagem. 
 Fra'udulence. ) n. s. [frauduhniia, 
 Fra'udulency. J Lat.] Deceitfiilness ; 
 trickishness ; proneness to artifice. 
 
 We admire the Providence of God in the conti- 
 nuance of Scripture, nothwithstaiidinf; the endea- 
 vours of infidels lo abolish, and Ihe fiuudulence of 
 hereticks always to deprave the same. Hooker 
 
 Fra'udulent. adj. {fraudukux, Fr. 
 fraudulently, Lat.] 
 
 1. Full of artifice; trickish; subtle; de- 
 ceitful. 
 
 He with serpent tongue 
 Hh fraudulent temptation thus began. Milton. 
 
 She nd.x'd the potion, _/'r(/ut/u/e?(£ of soul ; 
 The potion mantled in the golden bowl. Pole's Ody. 
 
 2. Performed by artifice ; deceitful ; trea- 
 cherous. 
 
 Now thou hast aveng'd 
 Supplanted Adam, 
 And frustrated the conquest/raudiiferit. M'dton. 
 
 Fra'udulently. adv. \fron\ fraudulent .] 
 By fraud; by deceit; by artifice; de- 
 ceitfully. 
 
 He that by fact, word, or sign, either /raudit- 
 lently or viofently, does hurt to his neighbour, is 
 bound to make restitution. Taylor. 
 
 FRAUGHT, particip. pass, [from fraight, 
 now written freight.] 
 
 1. Laden ; charged. 
 
 In the narrow seas that part 
 The French and English there miscarried 
 A vessel of our country, uchly fraught. Shakesp. 
 
 With joy 
 And tidings/raug/it, to hell he now return'd. 
 
 Milton s Par. Lost. 
 And now approach'd their fleet from India, 
 fraught 
 With all tlie riches of the rising sun. 
 And precious sand from southern climates brouglit. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Filled ; stored ; thronged. 
 
 The Scripture U fraught even with laws of na- 
 ture. Hooker. 
 
 By this sad Vna, fraught with anguish sore. 
 Arrived, where they in earth their blood liad spilt. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 I am so fraught with curious business, tiiat I 
 leave out ceremony. Shakesp. Winter's Tate. 
 
 Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many 
 thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify 
 and break uj> in the communicating and discours- 
 ing with another. Bacon. 
 
 Hell, tlieir fit habitation, fraught with fire, 
 Unquenchable, the house of woe and pain. Milton. 
 
 Aodallah and Belfora were so fraught with all 
 kinds of knowledge, and possessed with so con- 
 stant a passion for each olJier, that their solitude 
 never lay heavy on them. Addison. 
 
 Fraught, n. *. [from the participle.] A 
 freight ; a cargo. 
 
 Yield up, oh love, thy crown and parted throne 
 To tyrannous hate ! swell, bosom, with tUy fraught ; 
 For 'tis of aspicks tongues. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 The bark that all our blessings brought, 
 Charg'd with thyself and James, a doubly royal 
 fraught. Dryden. 
 
 To Fraught, v. a. [for freight, hycor- 
 ruption.] To load ; to crowd. 
 
 Hence from my sight ; 
 If after this command thou^rau^/it the court 
 With thy unworthiuess, thou dy'st. Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 F R E 
 
 Fra'ughtage. n. s. [from fraught.] 
 Lading ; cargo. A bad word. 
 
 Omfraughtage, sir, 
 I have convcy'd abroad. Shakesp. Comedy of Err. 
 
 Fray. n. s. [effrai/er to fright, Fr.] 
 
 1. A battle ; a fight. 
 
 Time tells, that on that ever blessed day, 
 When Christian swords with Persian blood were 
 dy'd. 
 The furifjus prince Tancredie from tliat fray 
 His coward foes chased through forests wide. P'airf. 
 After the bloody /rat/ at W akefield fouglit. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 He left them to the fates in bloody fray, 
 To toil and struggle through the well-fought day. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. A duel ; a contibat. 
 
 Since, if we fall before th' appointed day, 
 Nature and death continue long their fray. Denh. 
 
 The boaster Paris oft desir'd the day 
 With Sparta's king to meet in siiigle_/)'iiv. Pope. 
 
 3. A broil ; a quarrel ; a riot of violence. 
 I'll speak between the cliange of man and boy 
 
 With a reed voice, and turn two mincing steps 
 
 Into a manly stride ; and speak affrays, 
 
 Like a fine bragging youth. Shakesp. 
 
 To Fray. v. a. [effrayer, Fr.] 
 I . To fright ; to terrify. 
 
 The panther, knowing that his spotted hide 
 Doth please all beasts, but that his looks themyi-ay, 
 
 Within a bush his dreadful head doth hide. 
 To let them gaze, while he on ihera may prey. 
 
 Spenser. 
 So diversely themselves in vain they fray, 
 Whilst some more bold to measures him stand nigh. 
 
 Speiuer. 
 
 Fishes are thought to he frayed with the motion 
 
 caused by noise upon t!ie water. Bacon. 
 
 'i'hese vultures prey only on carcases, on such 
 
 stupid minds as hare not life and vigour to fray 
 
 them away. Gov. of Ton. 
 
 2. [Frai/er, Fr.] To rub. 
 FRE.^K. n. s. [frech, Ger. saucy, petu- 
 lant ; ppaec. Sax. fugitive.] 
 
 1. A sudden and causeless change of place. 
 
 2. A sudden fancy; a humour; a whim; 
 a capricious prank. 
 
 O ! but I fear the fickie freaks, quoth she, 
 Of fortune, and the odds of arms in field. Fairy Q. 
 
 When t\iAt freak has taken possession of a fantas- 
 tical head, the distemper is incurable. VEstrange. 
 
 She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a 
 freak will instantly change her habitation. Spectator. 
 
 To vex iiie more, he took a freak 
 To slit my tongue, and make me speak. Swift. 
 To Freak, v. a. [A word, I suppose, 
 Scotch, brought into England by Thom- 
 son.] To variegate ; to chequer. 
 
 I'here furry nations harbour : 
 Sables of glossy black, and dark erabrown'd. 
 Or beauteous, /i'eafe'd with many a minpled hue. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Fre'akish. adj. [from/reafc.] Caprici- 
 ous ; humoursome. 
 
 It may be a question, whether the wife or the 
 woman was the more freakish of the two ; for she 
 was still the same uneasy fop. E' Estrange. 
 
 Fre'akishly. adv. [fvom freakish.] Ca- 
 priciously ; humoursomely. 
 
 Fre'akishness. n. s. [from freakish.] 
 Capriciousness; humoursomeness; whim- 
 sicalness. 
 
 To Fream. r. 71. [frcmore, Lat. Jremir, Fr.] 
 To growl or grunt as a boar. Bailey. 
 
 FRECKLE, n. s. [flech a spot, Ger. 
 whence fleckle, freckle.] 
 
 1. A spot raised in the skin by the sun. 
 Ruddy his lips, and fresh and fair his hue ; 
 
 Some sprinkled^rec/v/f5 on his face were seen. 
 Whose dusk setotf the whiteness of the skin. Dryd. 
 
 2. Any small spot or discoloration. 
 
 F R E 
 
 The cowslips tall her pensioners be ; 
 In their gold coats spots you see : 
 Those be rubies fairy favours ; 
 In those _/rec/c/es live their favours. Shakesp. 
 
 'i'he faVewel frosts and easterly winds now spot 
 your tulips; therefore cover such with mats, to 
 prevent^i-fc/t/es. Evelyn. 
 
 Fre'ckled. adj. [from freckle.] Spot- 
 ted ; maculated; discoloured with small 
 spots. 
 
 Sometimes we'll angle at the brook. 
 The freckled trout to take 
 With silken worms. Drayton's Cynthia. 
 
 The even mead that erst brought sweetly forth 
 Thefreckled cowslip, 
 
 Wanting the scythe, all uncorrected, rank. 
 Conceives by idleness. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Now tliy face cliarms ev'ry shepherd. 
 Spotted over like a leopard ; 
 And, thy freckled neck display 'd, 
 Envy bre'eds in ev'ry maid. Stcift. 
 
 Fre'ckly. adj. [from freckle] Full of 
 freckles. 
 
 Fred. The same with peace ; upon which 
 our forefathers c;ilied their sanctuaries 
 fredstole, i. e. the seats of peace. So 
 Frederic is powerful or wealthy in peace ; 
 Winfred, victorious peace; Reinfrtd, 
 sincere peace. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 FREE. adj. [pj-eah, Sax. rry, Dut.] 
 
 1. At liberty; not a vassal; iiot enslaved ; 
 not a prisoner ; not dependant. 
 
 A free nation is that which has never been con- 
 quered, or thereby entered into any condition of 
 subjection. Temple. 
 
 Free! what, and fetter'd with so many chains? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 How can we think any one freer than to have 
 the power to do what he will ? Locke. 
 
 This wretched body trembles at your pow'r : 
 Thus far could fortune ; but she can no more : 
 Free to herself my potent mind remains. 
 Nor fears the victor's rage, nor feels his chains. 
 
 Prier. 
 
 Set an unhappy pris'nerj'rfe. 
 
 Who ne'er intended harm to thee. Frier. 
 
 2. Uncompelled ; unrestrained. 
 
 Their use of meats was not like unto our cere- 
 monies, that being a matter of private action in 
 common life, where every man wasfree to order 
 that which himself did ; but this is a publick con- 
 stitution for the ordering of the church. Hooker. 
 
 Do faithful homage, and receive /i-ee honours. 
 Ail which we pine for now. Shakesp. Macbeth 
 
 It was free, and in my choice whether or no 1 
 should publish these discourses; yet the publica- 
 tion being once resolved, the dedication was not 
 inditferent. S>nith. 
 
 ;5. Not bound by fate ; not necessitated. 
 
 Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell : 
 Not/"rtT, what proof could thev have given sincere 
 Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love, 
 Where only what they needs must do, appear'd ; 
 Not what they would? Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 4. Permitted ; allowed. 
 
 Whv, sir. I pray, are not the streets Asfive 
 For me as for you ? Shakesp. Taming of the Shreu\ 
 
 Defaming a's impure what God declares 
 Pure ; and commands to some, leaves free to ail. 
 
 Milton. 
 To gloomy cares mv thoughts alone are^ee, 
 III the gay sports witJi troubled thoughts agree. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. Licentious; unrestrained. 
 
 O conspiracy ! 
 Sham'st thou to shew thy "dang'rous brow by night, 
 VVlien evils are mostyi-fc ^ Shakesp. 
 
 Physicians are too free upon the subject, in the 
 conversation of their friends. Temple. 
 
 The crilicks have been very free in their cen- 
 sures. Felton. 
 
 I know there are to whose presumptuous thoughts 
 Those^'cer beauties, ev'n in them, seem faults. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 6. Open ; ingenuous ; frank. 
 
 7fi7
 
 F R E 
 
 Castalio, 1 have doubts within my lieart ; 
 Will you be free and candid to your friend ? Of utay. 
 
 7. Acquainted ; conversing without re- 
 serve. 
 
 'i'is not to make me jealous ; 
 To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company, 
 lifree of speech, sings, plays, and dances well, 
 miere virtue is, these make more virtuous. Shah. 
 
 Being one day yery free at a great feast, he sud- 
 denly broke forl'li into a great laughter. HakewilL 
 
 Free and f;iuiiliar with misfortune grow. 
 Be us'd to sorrow, and inur'd to woe. Prior. 
 
 8. Liberal; not parsimonious: with o/. 
 
 Glo'ster too, a foe to citizens, 
 O'erchanging yonr free pur^e; witli large fines, 
 That seeks to overthrow religion. Shakesp. 
 
 • No statute in his fiivour says, 
 How free or frugal I sliall pass my days ; 
 I, who at sometimes spend as others spare. Pope. 
 Alexandrian verses, of twelve syllables, should 
 never be allowed but when some remarkable beau- 
 ty or propriety in them atones for the liberty : 
 Mr. Dryden has been too free of these in his latter 
 works. Pope. 
 
 9. Frank ; not gained by importunity ; not 
 purchased. 
 
 We wanted words to express our thanks: his 
 noble /'ree offers left us nothing to ask. Bacon. 
 
 10. Clear from distress. 
 
 Who alone suffers, suffers most i' ih' mind, 
 Leaving^rce things and happy shows behind. 
 
 Shakes]}. 
 
 11. Guiltless; innocent. 
 
 Make mad the guilty, and appall the free. 
 Confound the ignorant. Shakes}). Hamlet. 
 
 RIy hands are guilty, but my heart is free. Dryd 
 
 12. Exempt; with of anciently; more 
 properly /roffj. 
 
 These 
 Are such allow'd infirmities, that honesty 
 Is never_^ee of Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Who fears not to do ill, yet fears the name ; 
 Aiidjrce^romconscience, isaslave to fame, Denh. 
 
 Let envy, then, those crimes within you see, 
 From which the happy never must he free. Dryden. 
 
 Their steeds around. 
 Free from the harness, graze the flow'ry ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Tlie will, free from the determination ofsuch 
 
 desires, is left to the pursuit of nearer satisfactions. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 13. Invested with franchises ; possessing 
 any tiling without vassalage; admitted to 
 the privileges of any body : with of. 
 
 He therefore makes all birds of every sect ^ 
 Free of his farm, with promise to respect J 
 
 Their several kinds alike, and equally protect. 3 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 What do\t thou make a shipboard ? To what end 
 
 Alt thou of Bethlem's noble college free? 
 
 Stark-staring mad, that thou shouid'st tempt the 
 
 sea ? Dryden. 
 
 14. Without expence; by charity, as a 
 free school. 
 
 To Free, v, a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. To set at liberty ; to rescue from sla- 
 very or captivity ; to manumit; to loose. 
 
 The child was prisoner to the wumb, and is 
 By law and process of great nature thence 
 Free'd and enfranchis'cT : not a party to 
 The anger of the king, nor gulilty of, 
 If any be, the trespass of the queen. Shakesp. 
 
 He recovered the temple, jreed the city, and 
 upheld the laws which were going down. 
 
 2 Mac. ii. 22. 
 
 Can'st thou no other master understand, 
 Than him that/ree'd thee by the pretor's wand ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 Should thy coward tongue 
 Spread its cold poison through the martial throng, 
 ]\iy jav'lin shall revenge so base a part, 
 And _/rce the soul that quivers in thy heart. Pope. 
 
 2. To rid from ; to clear from any thing 
 ill: with o/ or /row. 
 
 F R E 
 
 1 1 is no marvail, that he could think of no better 
 way to beyree"rfo/'theseiiico[iveniences the [passions 
 of those meetings gave him, than to dissolve them. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 Hercules 
 Free'd Erymanthus /Vnm the foaming boar. Dryd. 
 Our land is from the rage of tygcis Jree'd. Dryd. 
 
 3. To clear from impediments or obstruc- 
 tions. 
 
 The chaste Sibylla shall your steps convey, 
 And blood of offer'd victimsjVee the way. Dryden, 
 Fierce was the fii^ht ; but hast'niiig to his prey. 
 By force the furi(»us lover free'd his way. Dryden. 
 
 This master-key 
 Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 4. To banish; to send away; to rid. Not 
 in use. 
 
 We may again 
 Give to our tables meat, sleep to our nights. 
 Free from our feasts and banquets bloody knives. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Never any Sabbath of release 
 Could J'ree his travels and afflictions deep. Daniel. 
 
 5. To exempt. 
 
 For he that is dead Isfree'd from sin. Ram. vi. 7. 
 
 Freebo'oter. n. s, [free and bootyJ] 
 A robber; a plunderer ; a pillager. 
 
 Perkinwas not followed by any English of name, 
 his forces consisted mostly of base people and /ree- 
 booters, fitter to spoil a coast than to recover a king- 
 dom. Bacon. 
 
 The earl of Warwick had, as often as he met 
 with any Irish frigates, or such freebooters as sailed 
 under their commission, taken all the seamen. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Freebo'oting. n.5. Robbery; plunder; 
 the act of pillaging. 
 
 Under it he may cleanly convey any fit pillage, 
 that Cometh handsomely in his way ; and when 
 he goeth abroad in the night on freebooting, it is 
 his best and surest friend. Spenser. 
 
 Fre'eborn. n. s. [/ree and 5om.] Not 
 a slave; inheriting liberty. 
 
 baseness, to support a tyrant's throne, 
 And crush your freeborn brethren of the world ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 1 shall speak my thoughts like a /iTC^Jom subject, 
 such things perhaps as no Dutch commentator 
 could, ana I am sure no Frenchman durst. Dryd. 
 
 Sh-dW freeborn men, in humble awe. 
 Submit to servile shame ; 
 
 Who from consent and custom draw 
 The same right to be rul'd by law. 
 Which kings pretend to reign ? Dryden. 
 
 Freecha'ppel. n. s, [free and chappel.] 
 Such chappels as are of the king's foun- 
 dations, and by him exempted from the 
 jurisdiction of the ordinaiy. The king 
 may also license a subject to found such 
 a chappel, and by his charter exempt it 
 from the ordinary's visitation. Cowel. 
 Fke'ecost. «. 5. [free and cosi.'\ With- 
 out expence ; free from charges. 
 
 We must not vouch any man for an exact mas- 
 ter in the rules of our modern policy, but such a 
 one as has brought himself so far to hate and de- 
 spise the absurdity of being kind upnnjVeecosf, as 
 not 80 much as to tell a friend what it is o'clock 
 for nothing. South. 
 
 Fre'edman. n, s. [freed and 7nan.] A 
 slave manumitted. Libert us. 
 
 Tlie freedman josiles, and will be prcferr'd ; 
 First ciinie, first serv'd, lie cries. Dryden s Juv. 
 
 Fre'edom. n. s. [from/rfc] 
 1. Lilierty ; exemption from servitude ; 
 independence. 
 
 The laws themselves they do specially rage at, as 
 most repugnant to their liberty and natural^i-fe- 
 dom. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 O freedom ! first delight of human kind ! 
 Not that which bondmen from their masters find, 
 
 F R E 
 
 The privilege of Joles ; nor yet t' inscribe 
 Their names in this of t' other Roman tribe : 
 That false enfranchisement with ease is founrl ; 
 Slaves are made citizens hy turning round. Dryd 
 
 2. Privileges ; franchises ; immunities. 
 
 By our holy Sabbath have I sworn 
 To have the due and forfeit of ray bond : 
 If you deny it, let the danger liglit 
 Upon your charter, and your city's/reedom. Shak. 
 
 3. Power of enjoying franchises. 
 
 This prince first gave freedom to servants, so as 
 to become citizens of equal privileges with the 
 rest, which very much increased the power of tli. 
 people. _ Swift 
 
 4. Exemption from fate, necessity, or pre- 
 determiniition. 
 
 I else must change 
 Their nature, and revoke the high decree 
 Unchangeable, eternal, which ordainM 
 Their freedom ; they themselves ordain'd their fall. 
 
 Milton. 
 In every sin, by how much the more free will 
 is in its choice, by so much is the act the more 
 sinful ; and where there is nothing to importune, 
 urge, or provoke the will to any act, there is sa 
 much an liighcr and perfecter degree oi freedom 
 about that act. South. 
 
 5. Unrestraint. 
 
 I will that all the feasts and sabbaths shall be 
 all days of imnmnity and freedom for the Jews in 
 my realm. 1 Mac. x. 
 
 6. The state of being without any parti- 
 cular evil or inconvenience. 
 
 The freedom of their state lays them under a 
 great necessity of always chusing and doing the 
 best things. Law. 
 
 7. Ease or facility in doing or showing any 
 thing. 
 
 Freefo'oted. fltj/. [free and foot.] Not 
 restrained in the march. 
 
 We will fetters put upon this fear. 
 Which now goes ioo freejooted. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Freehe'arted. adj. [free and heart.] 
 Liberal; unrestrained. 
 
 Love jnustfreehearted be, and voluntary : 
 And not inchanted, or by fate constrain'd. Davies. 
 
 Freeho'ld. n. s. yfree and hold.] That 
 land or tenement which a man holdeth 
 in fee, fee-tail, or for term of life. Free- 
 hold in deed is the real possession of lands 
 or tenements in fee, fee-tail, or for life. 
 Freehold in law is the right that a man 
 has to such land or tenements before his 
 entry or seizure. Freehold is sometimes 
 taken in opposition to villenage. Land, 
 in the time of the Saxons, was called 
 cither bockland, that is, holden by book 
 or writing, or foreland, that is, holden, 
 without writing. The former was held 
 by far better conditions, and by the bet- 
 ter sort of tenants^ as noblemen and gen- 
 tlemen, being such as we now caW free- 
 hold. The latter was commonly in the 
 possession of clowns, being that which we 
 now call at the will of the lord. Coivel. 
 
 No alienation of lands Ijolden in chief should be 
 available, touching the freehold or inheritance 
 thereof, but only wnere it were made by matter 
 of record. Bacon's Office of Alienation. 
 
 There is an unspeakable pleasure in calling any 
 thingone'sown : ^freehold, thouth it he but In ice 
 and snow, will make the owner pleased in the pos- 
 session, and stout in the defence of it. Addison. 
 
 Mv friends here are very few, and fixed to the 
 freehold, from whence nothing but death will re- 
 move them. Swift. 
 
 I should be glad to possess a freehold that could 
 not be taken from me by any law to which 1 did 
 not give consent. Sieift. 
 
 768
 
 F II E 
 
 Freeho'lder. n. s. [from freehold.] 
 One who has a freehold. 
 
 Aseiturtion did banish llie old 'EiigUshfreeliM- 
 der, who could nol live but under the law ; so tiie 
 law did banish the Irish lord, who could not live 
 but hy extorlimi. Dai;ieJ. 
 
 Free'ly. adi'. [from free.] 
 
 1. At liberty; without vassalage; without 
 slavery ; without dependance. 
 
 2. Without restraint ; heartily ; with full 
 
 gust. 
 
 If my son were mv hu-.band, I would /ref/ifr 
 rejoice in that absence wherein he won honour, 
 than in the enibraceiuents of bis bed, where he 
 would shew most love. Shakesp Cariolanus. 
 
 3. Plentifully ; lavishly. 
 
 I pledge your eracc ; and if yon knew what pains 
 I have bestow'd to breed ibis present peace. 
 You would Arink freely. Sliakesji. Hen. IV. 
 
 4. Without scruple ; without reserve. 
 
 Lei such leach others whom themselves excel, 
 .^nd censure yW'e/j/ who have written well. Pope. 
 
 5. Witliout impedimi'nt. 
 
 To follow rather the Goilis in rhyming than the 
 Greeks in true versifying, were even to eat acoin? 
 with swine, when we mny freely eat wheat-bread 
 anionn men. Ascham. 
 
 The path to peace is virtue: what I show, 
 Thyselt may /i-ff/y on thyself bestow; 
 Fortune was never worshipp'd by the wise ; 
 But set aloft by fools, usurps the skies. Dryden. 
 
 6. Without necessity ; without predeter- 
 mination. 
 
 Freelij they stood who stood, and fell who fell. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 He leaves us to chuse with the liberty <tf reason- 
 able beings; they who comply with his grace, 
 comply with it freely ; and they who reject it, do 
 also freely reject it. Rogers. 
 
 7. Frankly; liberally; without cost. 
 
 By nature all things have an equally common 
 U5e:-natiirey'ree/v and inditferently opens the bo- 
 soms of the universe to all mankiiid. South. 
 
 8. Spontaneously ; of its own accord. 
 
 Fre'eman. v. s. [free aud man.] 
 
 1. One not a slave; not a vassal. 
 
 Had ynu rather Ca?sar were living, and die all 
 slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all 
 freemen ? Shtikesp. 
 
 If to break loose from the conduct of reason, 
 and to want that restrai.it of examination and judg- 
 ment which keeps us from cliusing or doing the 
 worst, be liberty, true liljerty, madmen and fools 
 are only the/reemew. * Locke. 
 
 2. One partaking of riglits, privileges, or 
 immunities. 
 
 He made usfreemeji of the continent, 
 Wliat nature did like captives treat before. Driiit. 
 \\'hat this union was is expressed in the pre- 
 ceding verse, by iheir both having been made 
 freemen on the same day. Addison. 
 
 Freemi'nded. adj. [free and mind.] 
 Unperplexed ; without load of care. 
 
 To be freemijided, and checrfu!l3' disjjosed at 
 liours of meat, sleep, and exercise, is one of the 
 best precepts of long lasting. Bacon. 
 
 Fre'eness. n. s. [from free.] 
 1 . The state or quality of being free. 
 '2. Oppenness ; unreservedness ; ingenous- 
 nesE ; candour. 
 
 The reader maj* pardon it, if he please, for the 
 freencss of the confession. Dryden. 
 
 3. Generosity ; liberality. 
 
 I hope it will never be said that the laity, who 
 by the clergy are taught to be charitable, shall hi 
 their corporations exceed the clergy itself, and 
 their sons, in freeness of giving. Spratt. 
 
 Freescho'ol. n. s. [free and school.] 
 A school in which learning is given with- 
 out pay. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 F 11 E 
 
 To give a civil education to the youth of this 
 land iji the tijne to com'-, provision was made by 
 another law, that there should be oiwfreesckool at 
 least creeled in every diocese. Uaviei. 
 
 Two Clergymen bloo<l candidates for a small 
 
 frecschool ; a genlleman who haj>[>cned to have a 
 
 better understanding than his neighbours, procured 
 
 the place for him who was the better scholar. .S'lr^t. 
 
 FreeSPo'keN. adj. [free and spoken.] 
 
 Accustomed to speak without reserve. 
 
 Nerva one night su,«|)ed privately with some six 
 or seven ; amongst whom there was one that was 
 a dangerous man, and began to take the like 
 courses as Marceilas and Regulus had done : the 
 emperor fell into rliseourse of the injustice and 
 tyranny of the former time, and, by name, of the 
 two accusers ; and said, what should we do with 
 them, if we had them now? One of them that 
 was at supper, and was nfreespoken senator, said 
 Marry, they should sup with us. Bacon. 
 
 Freestone, n. s. [free and .stone.] 
 Stone commonly used in building. 
 
 Freestone is so named from its being <.f such a 
 constitution as to be wrought and cut freely in any 
 dip ctioM. Woodward. 
 
 I saw bcr hand ; she has a leathern hand , ajree- 
 sliMie-coloured hand. Sliakesp. As mm like it. 
 
 The streets are generally jiaved wiili brick or 
 freestone, and always kept very nvai.Add. on Italy. 
 
 Freethi'nker. n.s. [ free and think.] 
 
 A libertine; a contemner of religion. 
 
 Atheist is an old-fashioned word; I'm -.ijrei- 
 thinkcr, child. ^ Addison. 
 
 Of-ivhat use is freedom of thought, if it will nut 
 produce freed^mi of actitm, which is the sole end, 
 now remote soever in appearance, of all objec- 
 tions against Cliristianity ? And therefore tlie^jre- 
 thinkers consider it as an edifice, wherein all the 
 parts have such a mutual dependance on eatii 
 other, that if you pull out one single nail, the 
 whole fabrick must fall to the grfmnd. Huijt. 
 
 Freewi'll. n. s. [free and mil.] 
 
 1. The power of directing our own actions 
 without restraint by necessity or f;;te. 
 
 We have a power to suspend the prosecution of 
 this or that desire ; this sceras to me the source of 
 all liberty ; in this seems to consist that which is 
 improperly called /reeirt//. Locke. 
 
 2. Voluntariness ; spontaneity. 
 
 I make a decree, that all they of the people of 
 Israel in my realm, which are minded of ihcir 
 oviiifreewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. 
 
 Ezra vii. 13. 
 
 Feeewo'man. n. s. [ free and woman.] 
 
 A woman not enslaved. 
 
 All her ornaments are taken away of n frce- 
 u-oman ; she is itecome a bond slave. 1 Mac. ii. 11. 
 
 To Freeze, v. n. preter. /?'oze. [vriesen, 
 
 Dut.] 
 
 1. To be congealed with cold. 
 
 The aqueous humour of the eye will not freeze, 
 which is very admirable, seeing it hath the per- 
 spicuity and fluidity of common water. Hay. 
 
 The freezing of water, or the blowing of a 
 plant, returning at equidistant periods in all parts 
 of the earth, would as well serve men to rccktm 
 their years by as the motions of the sun. Lticke. 
 
 1. To be of that degree of cold by which 
 water is congealed. 
 
 Orpheus with his lute made trees 
 And mountain lops, that freeze. 
 Bow themselves when he did sing. Shakesp. 
 
 Thou art all ice, thy kindnt*sjreeses. Shakesv. 
 Heav'n /r(i:e above severe, the clouds congeal 
 And thro'" the crystal vault appear'd llie standing 
 hail. Dryden. 
 
 To Freeze, v. a. pret. froze ; part. 
 frozen or froze. 
 
 1. To congeal with coltL 
 
 2. To kill by cold. 
 
 When we both laj in the field. 
 
 F R E 
 
 FrDun almost to death, how did he lap me, 
 Ev'n in his parinents ! Shakap. 
 
 My master and mistress arc »\motl fraien to 
 death. Sliakesp. 
 
 3. To chill by the loss of power or motion. 
 
 I have a faint cold fear thrills through rny veins. 
 That almost /rtfjn up the heal of life. Shakesp 
 
 D'ath came on amain. 
 And exercis'd below his iron reign ; 
 Then upward to the scat of life lie goes ; ■ 
 Sense lied before him, what lie touch'd hc/roK. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Tri Freight, v. a. preter. freighted; 
 pari, fraught ; which being now used as 
 an adjective, freighted is adopted. 
 [frctler, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To load a ship or vessel of carriage with 
 goods for transportation. 
 
 The princes 
 Have lo the porl Athens sent their ships. 
 Fraught with the luinisters and instruments 
 Of cruel war. Shakesp. Trinlui and Creuida, Prol. 
 
 Nor is, indeed, that man less luad than these, 
 W bo^reig/ils a ship to venture on the seas ; 
 Willi one frail interposing plank to save 
 From certain death, roll'd on by ev'ry wave.Dri/d. 
 
 Freightrd with iron, from iny native land 
 1 steer my voyage. Pope's Odyaey. 
 
 2. To load as'the burthen ; to be the thing 
 with which a vessel is freighted. 
 
 I would 
 Have sunk the sea within the earth, or ere 
 
 It should the good ship so have swallow'd. and 
 Ihe freighting souls within her. Sliak.rsp. 
 
 Freight, n. s. 
 
 1. Any tiling with which a ship is loaded. 
 
 He'clears the deck, receives the mighly_/rei/;A( ; 
 The leaky vessel groans beneath the weight. L'ryri. 
 
 2. The money due fur transportation of 
 
 g(lod^. 
 
 Freighter, n.s. [felleur, Fr.] He 
 
 who freights a vessel. 
 Fren. n. .1. A stranger. .\n old word 
 wholly forgotten here ; but retained in 
 Scotland. 
 
 But now from me his madding mind is start, 
 ,'\nd wooes the widow's daughter of the glen ; 
 And now fair Rosalind hath bred his smart. 
 So now his friend is changed for afren. Spetiser. 
 
 FRENCH Chalk, n. s. 
 
 French chalk is an indurated clay, eiireinely 
 dense, of a smooth glossy surface, and soft an<t 
 unctuous lo Ihe touch ; ot a greyish white colour, 
 variegated with a dusky green. HiU. 
 
 French chalk is unctuous to the touch, as stea- 
 tities is, but harder, and nearer approaching i be 
 consistence of stone. Wood. 
 
 Tt/ Frenchify, v. a. [from French.] 
 To infect with the manner of France; 
 to make a coxcomb. 
 
 Thev mislikerl nothing more inking Edward the 
 Confessor than that he was frencAi/ied ; and ac- 
 counted the desire of foreign language then to be 
 a foretoken of bringing in Torcien powers, which 
 indeed happened. Camden's Hematns. 
 
 Has he familiarly dis'ik'd 
 Your yellow starch, or said your doublet 
 Was not exactly /i-cncAi/icd? Shakesp. 
 
 Fre'netick. adj. [ fremtique, Fr. 
 
 ^^iHiTim? ; generally therefore written 
 pkrenetick.] Mad ; distracted. 
 
 He himself impotent, 
 By means of i\]t.frenetick malady. Daniel 
 
 Fre'nzy. m. s. [f ji>1ti< ; phrtniles, Lat. 
 whence phremlify, phrinelsi/, phrtnzy, 
 or fren://.] Madness; distraction of 
 mind ; alien;ition of understanding; any 
 violent passion approaching to madness. 
 
 That knave. Ford, hath the finest mad devil of 
 jealousy jn him that ever govetned/reniy. Shaktp. 
 
 5 F'" ^ ■ T09
 
 F R E 
 
 True fortitude is seen in great exploits. 
 That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides ; 
 All else is tourin^/i-f?iii/ and distraction. Addison. 
 Why such a disposition of tiic body inducetil 
 sleep, another disturbs all the operations of the 
 soul, and occasions a lethargy or frenzy : tins 
 knowledge exceeds our narrow faculties. Bent. 
 Fre'quence. n. s. [frequence, Fr.fre- 
 quenfia, Lat.] Crowd; concourse; as- 
 sembly. 
 
 TUq freqnenct of degree, 
 From lii^h to low throughout. Shakcsp. Timon. 
 
 He, in full frequence bright 
 Of angels, thus to Gabriel smiling spake. Milton. 
 
 Frequency, n. s. [frequentia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Common occurrence; the condition of 
 being often seen or done. 
 
 Should a miracle be indulged to one, others 
 would think themselves equally entitled to it ; and 
 if indulged to many, it would iio longer have the 
 efl'ect of a miracle : its force and influence would 
 be lost by thefrequency of it. Atterburi/. 
 
 2. Concourse; full assembly. 
 
 Thou cam'st ere while into this senate : who 
 Of such ^frequency, so many friends 
 And kindred thouliast here, saluted thee.' 
 
 Be7i Jonson. 
 
 FRE'QUENT. adj. [frequent, Fr. fre- 
 quensj Lat.] 
 
 1. Often done : often seen ; often occuring. 
 
 'The frequenter these times are, the better. 
 
 Duty of Man. 
 An ancient and imperial city falls ; 
 The streets are fill'd with_/ir^ii«i( funerals. Dryd. 
 Frequent herses shall besiege your gates, fope. 
 
 2. Used often to practise any thing. 
 
 The Christians of the first times were generally 
 frequent in the practice of it. Duty of Man. 
 
 Every man thinks he may pretend to any em- 
 ployment, provided he has been loud and ^i-e- 
 quent in declaring himself hearty for the govern- 
 ment. Sviift. 
 
 S. Full of concoiu-se. 
 
 Frequenfvnd full. Milton. 
 
 To Frequent, v. a. [frequento, Lat, 
 frequenter, Fr.] To visit often; to be 
 much in any place ; to resort often to. 
 
 They in latter day, 
 finding in it fit por'ts for fishers trade, 
 'Gan more the same frequent, and further to invade. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 There were synagogues for men to resort unto : 
 our Saviour himself and the apostles frequented 
 tiiera. Hooker. 
 
 This fellow here, this thy creature. 
 By n\e\it frequents my house. Shakes^. Timon. 
 
 At tliat liuie this land was known m<l Jrequented 
 by the ships and vessels. Bacon. 
 
 With tears 
 Wat'ring the ground, and with our sighs the air 
 Frequentiytg, sent from hearts contrite, in sign 
 Of sorrow unfeign'd, and humiliation meek. Mi7(. 
 
 To serve my friends, the senate 1 frequent ; 
 And there what I before digested, vent. Denham. 
 
 That \\e frequented the court of .Augustus, and 
 was well received in it, is most undoubted. Dryd. 
 
 Freque'ntable. adj. [irom frequent.] 
 Conversable ; accessible. A word not 
 now used, but not inelegant. 
 
 While youth lasted in him, the exercises of that 
 age and his humour not yet fully discovered, made 
 him somewhat the moie frequentable and less dan- 
 gerous. Sidney. 
 
 Frequentative. a<^'. [frequentatif, 
 Fr. frequent ritivus, Lat.] A grammati- 
 cal term applied to verbs, signifying the 
 frequent repetition of an action. 
 
 Freque'nter. n. s. [from frequent.] 
 One who often resorts to any place. 
 
 Persons under bad imputations are no great_/re- 
 quenttrs of churches. Swift. 
 
 Fre'quently. adv. [frequai^eX; Lat.] 
 
 F R E 
 
 Often ; commonly ; not rarely ; not 
 seldom ; a considerable number of times ; 
 manifold times. 
 
 I could not, without much grief, observe how 
 frequently both genllomen and ladies are at a loss 
 for questions and answers. Stoiji. 
 
 FRESCO. U.S. [ItaL] 
 
 1, Coolness; shade; duskiness; like that 
 of the evening or morning. 
 
 Hellish sprites 
 Love more thej'resco of the nights. Prior. 
 
 2. A picture not drawn in glaring light, 
 but in dusk. 
 
 Here thy weil-stud^'d marbles fix our eye ; 
 A fading^resro here demands a sigh. Po]}€. 
 
 FRESH, adj. [fn^fc, Sax.jrraische, Fr.] 
 
 1. Cool; not vapid with Iieat. 
 
 I'll cull tlic farthest mead for thy repast; 
 The clioicest herbs 1 to (liy board will bring, 
 And draw thy water from the freshest spring.Pjw. 
 
 2. Not salt. 
 They keep themselves unmixt with the salt wa- 
 ter ; so that, a very great way within the sea, meri 
 may take up dsjresh waler as if they were near 
 the land. Abbot's Desc. of' the World. 
 
 3. New ; not had before. 
 No borrowed bays his temples did adorn, 
 
 But to our crown iVe didyresA jewels bring. Dryd. 
 4*. New ; not impaired by time. 
 
 This second sourc** of men, while yet but few. 
 And while the dread of judgment past remain 
 Fresh in their miuds, fearing the Deity, 
 With some regard to what is just and right. 
 Shall lead their lives. Milt07i's Paradise Lost. 
 
 That love which first was set, will first decay ; 
 flline of afreshcr date will longer stay. Dryden. 
 
 5. In a state like that of recentness. 
 We will revive those times, and in our memories 
 
 Preserve and still keep/resh, like flowers in waters. 
 
 Denham. 
 With such a care 
 As roses from their stalks we tear. 
 When ive would still preserve them new, 
 And fresh as on the bush they grew. Waller. 
 
 Thou sun, said 1, fair light! 
 And tliou enlighten'd earth, so/res/t and gay ! Milt. 
 
 Think not, cause men flatt'ring say, 
 Y'are/rei/i as Ajiril, sweet as May, 
 Bright as is the morning star. 
 That you are so. 
 
 6. Recent ; newly come. 
 Amidst the spirits Palinurus press'd ; 
 
 YeX fresh from life, a new admitted guest. Drytien. 
 
 Fresh from the fact, as in the present case, 
 The criminals are seiz'd upon the place ; 
 Stirf' in denial, as the law appoints, 
 OuEnginesthey distend their tortur'd joints. /)rj/rf. 
 
 7. Repaired from any loss or diminution. 
 Nut lie.'s she long ; but as her fates ordaia 
 
 Springs up to life, 'dnd. fresh to second pain ; 
 Is sav'd to-dav, to-morrow to be sXoXii.Vryden. 
 
 0. Florid ; vigorous ; cheerful ; unfaded ; 
 unimpaired. 
 
 This pope is dccrepid, and the bell goeth for 
 him; take order that when he is dead there be 
 chosen a pope of fresh years, between fifty and 
 threescore. BacorCs Holy War. 
 
 Two swains 
 Fresh as tlie morn, and as the season fair. Pope. 
 0. Healthy in countenance ; ruddy. 
 Tell me 
 Hast thou beheld afresher gentlewoman. 
 Such war of white and red within her cheeks. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 It is no rare observation in England to see a 
 fresh coloured lusty young man yoked to a con- 
 sumptive female, and him soon after attending, 
 her to her grave. Harveij on Co'nsn7nptions. 
 
 The^' represent to themselves a thousand poor, 
 tall, innocent, /r«/i coloured young gentlemen. 
 
 Addison. 
 10. Brisk; strong: vigorous. 
 
 As afresh gale of wind fills the sails of a ship. 
 
 Holder. 
 
 Carew. 
 
 ..} 
 
 F R E 
 
 11. Fasting; opposed to eating or drmk- 
 ing. A low word. 
 
 12. Sweet : opposed to stale or stinking. 
 Fresh, n. s. Water not salt. 
 
 He shall drink nought but brine ; for I'll not 
 shew him 
 Where the quick /mAes are. Shakesp. Tempett. 
 
 io Freshen, v. a. [from fresh.] To 
 make fresh. 
 
 Preclusive drops let all their moisture flow 
 In large eliusion o'er the_/res/ien'd world. Thomson. 
 
 To Freshen, v. n. To grow fresh. 
 
 .\freshening breeze the raagick power supply'd, 
 While the wing'd vessel flew along the tide. Pope. 
 
 Freshet, n. s. [from fres/i.] A pool of 
 fresli water. . 
 
 All fish from sea or shore. 
 Freshet or purling brook, or shell or fin. Milton. 
 
 Fre'shly. adv. [from fresh.] 
 
 1. Coolly. 
 
 2. Newly ; in the former state renewed. 
 
 _ The weeds of heresy being grown unto such 
 ripeness as that was, do, even in the very cutting 
 down, scatter ofteatiuies those seeds which for a 
 while lie unseen and buried in the earth ; but af- 
 terwards/rfs/i/i/ spring up again, no less perniciouj 
 than at the firs't. Hooker. 
 
 Then shall our names. 
 Familiar in their mouth as houshold words. 
 Be in their flowing cups freshly remember'd.SAat 
 They are now Jreshly in difference with them. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 3. With a healthy look ; ruddily. 
 Looks he asfreshly as he did the day he wrestled.' 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 Fre'shness. U.S. [from/r«A.] 
 
 1. Newness; vigour; spirit; the contrary 
 to vapidness. 
 
 Most odours smell best broken or crushed ; but 
 flowers pressed or beaten, do lose the freshness and 
 sweetness of their odour. Bacon, 
 
 2. Freedom from diminution by time ; not 
 staleness. 
 
 For the constuntfreshness of it, it is such a plea- 
 sure as can never cloy or overwork the mind ; for 
 surely no man was ever weary of thinking, that 
 be had done well or virtuously. South. 
 
 3. Freedom from fatigue ; newness of 
 strength. 
 
 The Scots had the advantage both for number 
 ^ndfreshness of men. Hayivard. 
 
 4. Coolness. 
 There are some rooms in Italy and Spain for 
 
 freshness, and gathering the winds and air in the 
 heats of Summer ; but they be but pennings of the 
 winds, and enlarging them again, and making 
 them reverberate in circles. Bacon. 
 
 Say, if she please, she hither may repair, 
 And "breathe theyrw/mess of the opeii air. Dryd. 
 
 She laid her down to rest. 
 And to the winds expos'd her glowing breast. 
 To take the freshness of the morning air. Addison. 
 
 5. Ruddiness ; colour of health. 
 The secret venom, circling in her veins, 
 
 M'orks through her skin, and bursts in bloating 
 
 stains ; 
 Her cheeks then freshness lose and wonted grace, 
 And an unusual paleness spreads her face. Granv. 
 
 6. Freedom from saltness. 
 Fresh'water. [A compound word of 
 
 fresh and water, used as an adjective.] 
 Raw ; unskilled ; unacquainted. A low 
 term borrowed from the sailors, who 
 stigmatise those who come first to sea as 
 
 freshwater men, or novices. 
 
 Those nobility, as freshwater soldiers which had 
 never seen but some light skirmishes, in their vain 
 bravery made light account of the Turks. A"/io//e£. 
 
 FRET. n. s. [Of this word the etymo- 
 logy is very doubtful : some derive it 
 
 770
 
 F R E 
 
 from pjietan to eat ; others from pr^srp an 
 to adorn ; some from (p^'mo ; Skinrter 
 more proably from fremo, or the French 
 fretiller : perhaps it comes immediately 
 from the La-t. Jrctum.'\ 
 
 1. A frith, or strait of the sea, where the 
 water by confinement is always rough. 
 
 Euripus generally sigiiirtetli any strait, ^rff, or 
 channel of the sea," running between two shores. 
 
 hrawn. 
 
 2. Any agitation of liquors by fermenta- 
 tion, confinement, or other cause. 
 
 Of this river the surface is covered with froth 
 and bubbles ; for it runs along upon the fret, and 
 is still breaking against the stones that oppose its 
 passage. Addison on Itatii. 
 
 The blood in a fever, if well governe<l, lite 
 wine upon the fret, dischargelh itself of hetero- 
 geneous mi.xtures. Derham. 
 
 3. That stop of the musical instrument 
 which causes or regulates the vibrations 
 of the string. 
 
 It requireth good winding of a string before it 
 will make any note; and, in the tops of lutes, 
 the higher they go, the less distance is between 
 thefreti. Bacon. 
 
 The harp 
 Had work, and rested not : the solemn pipe 
 And dulcimer, all organs of sweet stop. 
 All sounds on fret by string or golden wire, 
 Teraper'd soft tunings, intermix'd with voice 
 Choral or unison. MUtons Paradise Lost. 
 
 They are fitted to answer the most variable 
 harmony : two or three pipes to all those of a 
 church-organ, or to all the strings ani} frets of a 
 lute. Crew's Cosmol, Sac. 
 
 4. Work rising in protuberances. 
 
 The^rets of houses, and all equal figures, please; 
 whereas unequal figures are but deformities. Bacon. 
 
 We take delight in a prospect well laid out, 
 and diversified with fields and meadows, woods 
 and rivers, in the curious_/re( works of rocks and 
 grottos. Spectator. 
 
 5. Agitation of the mind ; commotion of 
 temper ; passion. 
 
 Calmness is great advantage : he that lets 
 Another chafe, may warm him at hisfire* 
 
 IMark all his wan'd'rings, and enjoy his frets. 
 As cunning fencers suffer heat to tire. Herbert. 
 
 The incredulous Plieac, having yet 
 Drank but one round, reply'd in sober fret, Tate. 
 
 You, too weak, the slightest loss to bear. 
 Are on thefret of passion, boil and race. Creech. 
 
 Yet then did Dennis lavc in furious/ret; 
 I never answer'd, 1 was not in debt. Pope. 
 
 T(> Fret. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To agitate violently by external impulse 
 or action. 
 
 You may as well forbid the mountain pines 
 To wag their high tops, and to make a noise 
 When they are fretted with ilje gusts of heav'n. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To wear away by rubbing. 
 
 Drop them still upon one place, 
 Till they haTe^rcHai us a pair of graves 
 Within the earth. Shakesp. Rich. II. 
 
 In the banks of rivers, with the washing of the 
 water, there were divers limes fretted out big 
 pieces of gold. Abbot. 
 
 Before 1 ground the object metal on the pitch, 
 I always ground the putty on it with the concave 
 copper, 'till it had done making a noise ; because, 
 if the particles of the putty were not made to 
 nick fast in the pitch, they would, by rolling up 
 and down, grate and _/>ft" the object metal, and 
 fill it full of little boles. S'eiclm's Opticks. 
 
 3. To hurt bj' attrition. 
 
 Antony 
 J s valiant and dejected ; and, by starts, 
 Hhjretted fortunes give him hope and fear 
 Of what he has and has not. Shak. Ant. and Ckap. 
 
 4. To corrode ; to eat away. 
 
 It is fret inward, whether it be bare within or 
 "'"lout. Lei', xiii. bb. 
 
 F R E 
 
 The painful husband, plowing up his ground, 
 Shall find all /ret with rust, both pikus and shields, 
 And empty Fielms under his harrow sound. Hti/cfu'. 
 3. To form into raised work. 
 
 Nor did there want 
 Cornice or freeze, with bossy sculpture* gtav'n : 
 The roof was/re((C£/ gold. AJi/tim's i'ar. Lost. 
 
 6. To variegate; to diversify. 
 
 Yon grey lines, 
 Tbal^ef the clouds, are messengers of Ajty.Shak. 
 
 7. To make angry; to vex. 
 
 The better pari wiili Mary and with Ruth 
 Chosen thou hast ; and they tliat over-ween. 
 And at thy growing virtuesyref their spleen, 
 No anger tind in thee, but pity and truth. Mi/^m. 
 
 Because ihou liastj"re((ed nie'in all these things, 
 behold I will recompense thy way upun thine head. 
 
 Kuk. .\\i. 43. 
 
 Such an expectation, cries one, will never come 
 to pass : therefore I'll even give it up, aiid "O and 
 fret myself. Collier. 
 
 injuries from friends^-cE and gall more, and the 
 memory of them is not so easily obliterated. .-IriiiM. 
 
 To Fret. v. n. 
 
 1. To be in commotion ; to be agitated. 
 
 No benefits whatsoever shall ever alter or allay 
 that diabolical rancour, that frels and ferments in 
 some hellish breasts, but that it will foam out in 
 slander and invective. South. 
 
 Th' adjoining brook, that purls along 
 The vocal grove, uowfrettvig o'er a rock, 
 Now scarcely moving through a reedy \joo\,Thom, 
 
 2. To be -worn away ; to be corroded. 
 
 Take a piece of glovers leather that is very thin, 
 and put your gold tlierein, with sal armoniack, 
 binding it close, and then hang it up ; the sal armo- 
 niac wHiyret away, and the gold remain behind. 
 
 Peacham. 
 
 3. To make way by attrition or corrosion. 
 
 These do hut indeed scrape oil the exuberances, 
 ovfret into the wood, and ilierefore they are very 
 seldom used to soft wood. Moion. 
 
 It inflamed and swelled very much ; many 
 wheals arose, and fretted one into another with 
 great excoriation. irzse;«un. 
 
 4. To be angry; to be peevish; to vex 
 himself. 
 
 They trouble themselves with fretting at the 
 ignorance of such as withstand them in their 
 opinion. Ht>oker. 
 
 We are iu & fretting mind at the churcli i>f 
 Rome, and with angry disposition enter into co- 
 gitation. Hooker. 
 
 Helpless, what may it boot 
 To fret for anger, or for grief to moan ! Fairy Q. 
 
 Their wounded steeds 
 Fret fetlock deep in gore, and with wild race 
 Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. 
 Shakesp. Hen. \. 
 Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no care 
 Who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. 
 Shakesp. Madieth. 
 His heajtfrettetk against the Lord. Prw. xix. 3. 
 Hudibras^reHin^ 
 Conquest should be so long a getting, 
 Drew up liis force. Hudibras. 
 
 He swells with wrath, he makes outrageous moan, 
 Hejrets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground, 
 
 Drydai. 
 How should I fret to mangle ev'ry line, 
 In rev'rence to tlie sins of thirty-nine. Pope. 
 
 Fre'tful. adj. [from J'rcl.l Angry; 
 peevish ; in a state of vexation. 
 
 Thy knotty nud combined locks to part. 
 And each particular hair to stand on end, 
 Like quills upon the fretful porcupine. Shahsep. 
 
 Where's the king? 
 —Contending with the/ff(;n/ elements ; 
 Bids the wind blow tlie earth into the sea. SJtak. 
 
 They are extremely fretful and peevish, never 
 well at rest ; but always calling for this or that, or 
 changing their posture of lying or sitting. Hurtry. 
 
 Are you positive and fret fut ? 
 HeedJess, ignorant, forgeti'ul ? Shah'sp. 
 
 Fretfully, adv. [fvom fretful] Pee- 
 vishly. 
 
 F R I 
 
 Fretfulness. n. a. [from fret/iiL] 
 Passion ; peevishness. 
 
 Fre'ttv. adj. [from fret.] Adorned with 
 raised work. 
 
 Friability, n. s. [(Tom friable. ] Ca- 
 pacity of being easily reduced to powder. 
 
 H'xrfWnt^ss, friabilitrj, and power to draw iron, 
 are qualities lo be found in a loadstone. Locke. 
 
 FRIABLE, adj. [friable, Fr. friabilU, 
 Lat.] Easily crumbled ; easily reduced 
 to powder. 
 
 A spongy excrescence groweth upon the routs of 
 the laser-tree, anrl sometimes on cedar, very white, 
 W^xi, iiwd friable , vsliich we call agarick. Bacon. 
 
 The livtr, of all the viscera, is IDe awstfriabU, 
 
 and easily crumbled or dissolved. Arbuth. on Viet. 
 
 FRI'.-Ml. 71. s. [A corruption of/r(?f, Fr.] 
 
 A religious ; a brother of some regular 
 
 order. 
 
 Holy Franciscan Wai".' brother! ho! Shaktsp. 
 
 All *ihe priests and^Wars in my realm. 
 Shall in proce*>sioii sing her tiidless praise. SItuk. 
 
 He's but a friar, but he's big enough to be a 
 pope. Dryden. 
 
 Alany Jesuits and^jors went about in the dis- 
 guise of rresbyterian and ludependant oiiniaters, 
 to preach up rebellion. Swft. 
 
 AyHar would need shew his talent in Latin. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 Fri'arlike. adj. [froro friar.] Monas- 
 tick ; unskilled in the world. 
 
 Their_/'rit/r/i/te general \vonld the ne.xt day make 
 one holyday in the Christian calenders, ia reineiu- 
 braiice of tinrty thousand Hungarian reartrys slain 
 of the Turks. KncUes. 
 
 Fri'arly. ndj. [fnar and like.] Like a 
 friar ; or man untaught in life. 
 
 Seek not proud riches, but such as thou may 'si 
 get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and 
 leave contentedly ; jet have no abstract nor^riar/y 
 contempt of them. Bacon s Essavs. 
 
 Fri'akscowl. n. s. [friar and cowl.] 
 A plant. It agrees \vith arum, from 
 which it diii'ers only in having a flower 
 resembling a cowl. 
 
 Fri'ary. n. s. [(rora friar.] A monas- 
 tery or convent of friars. 
 
 Fri'ary'. adj. Like a friar. 
 
 Francis CoruJicld did scratch his elbow when 
 he had sweetly invented to signiiy bis name, St. 
 Francis, mth afria>y cowl in a com field. 
 
 Camden's Rem, 
 
 To FRIBBLE, v. n. To trifle. 
 
 Though cheats, yet more intelligible 
 Than tliosc that wi'th the stars do fribble. Hudiirai. 
 
 Fri'bbler. n. s. [from the verb.] A 
 trifler. 
 
 Ajribbler is one who professes rapture for the 
 woman, and dreads her consent Spectator. 
 
 FRICA.SSEE. U.S. [Fr.] A dish made 
 by cutting chickens or other small things 
 in pieces, and dressing tliem with strong 
 sauce. 
 
 Oh, how would Homer praise llieir dancing dogj. 
 Their sthiklng cheese, atidjrict«?y t f fro^s , 
 He'd raise no fables, sing no flagrant .ye. 
 Of boys with custard choiik'd af New Kerry. Kin^. 
 
 Frica'tiun. n. s. [fricatio, Lat.] The 
 act of rubbing one thing against another. 
 
 Gentle^Wcation drawcth forth tlie nourishment, 
 by making the parts a little hunm'. and heating 
 them : tliis/i icaiiim I wish to be done in the morn- 
 ing. Bacon's A'flf. Hist. 
 
 Kcsinous or unctuous bodies, and such as will 
 flame, attract viiiorously, and most thereof without 
 frication, as g«-oa hard wax, which will convert tl« 
 "needle almost as actively as the loadstone. Bnuit. 
 
 Friction, n. s. [friction, ¥r.friclio 
 from frico, Lat.] 
 
 771
 
 F R I 
 
 J. The act of rubbing two bodies together. 
 
 Uo not all bodies which ahoiitid with terrestrial 
 
 f)arls, and especially with sulphureous ones, emit 
 ight as often as those parts are sutficiently agitated, 
 wlietlier the agitation be made by heat, friction, 
 percussion, putrefaction, or by any vital motion ? 
 Newton s Opticks. 
 
 2. The resistance in machines caused by 
 the motion of one body upon another. 
 
 3. Medical rubbing with tlie fleshblush or 
 cloths. 
 
 Frictions make the parts more fleshy and full, 
 as we see both in men and in the currying of 
 horses; so that they draw a greater quantity of 
 spirits to the parts. Baom. 
 
 Friday, n. s, [pnige baej. Siix.] The 
 sixth day of the week, so named of 
 Frei/a, a Saxon deity. 
 
 An' she were not kin to me, slie would be as fair 
 on Friday as Helen is on Sunday. Shakesp. 
 
 For Venus, like her day, will change her cheer, 
 And seldfuii shall we see a Frulaii cle.tr. Dnjdcu. 
 
 FRIEND, n. s. [vrund, Dut. pfieonb, 
 Sax.] This word, with its derivatives, 
 is pronounced frendj Jrendly : the i 
 totally neglected. 
 
 1. One joined to another in mutual bene- 
 volence and intimacy ; opposed to foe 
 or enemy. 
 
 Friends of mv soul, you twain 
 Rule in this realm, and the gor'd state sust a\n.Shuk. 
 Some man is a friend for his own occasion, and 
 will not abide in the day of thy trouble. Ere. vi. 8. 
 
 God's benison go with you, and wjih those 
 That would make good of bad, and friends of foes. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Wonder not to see this soul extend 
 The bounds, and seek some other self, nfriend.Dry. 
 
 2. One without hostile intentions. 
 
 Who comes so fast in silence of the night '■' 
 — A friend. 
 — What friend^ ^ourmime. Shakesp. 
 
 3. One reconciled to another; this is put 
 by the custom of the language somewhat 
 irregularly in the plural number. 
 
 He'sfritnds with Ciesar, 
 In state of health thou say'sl, and thou say'st free. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 My son came then in to my mind ; and yet my 
 mind 
 Was Uien scarce friends with him. Shakesp. 
 
 If she repent, and would make me amends, 
 Bid her but send me hers, and vie -ATQfriends.Carew. 
 
 4. An attendant or companion. 
 
 The king ordains their entrance, and ascends 
 His regal seat, surrounded by h\s friaids.Dryden. 
 
 5. Favourer; one propitious. 
 
 Aurora riding upon Pegasirs sheweth her swift- 
 ness, and how she is afriend to poetry and all in- 
 genious inventions. Psacham. 
 
 6. A familiar compellation. 
 
 Friend, how earnest tliou in hither '^Mut. xxii. 12. 
 \\ hat supports me, tlo'st thou ask ? 
 The conscience,^i-ic7i(i, t'have lost mine eyes o'er- 
 
 ply'd 
 In liberty's defence. Milton. 
 
 To Friend, v. a, [from the noun.] To 
 favour; to befriend; to countenance; 
 to support. 
 
 1 know that we shall havehimwelItoJrie«J.67mfc. 
 
 When vice makes mercy, mercy's so extended, 
 
 Tlial, for the fault's love, is th' olfender /WV'(f/c(/. 
 
 Shdu^p. 
 
 Fri'ended. adj. Well disposed; inclined 
 to lo\'^. 
 
 "Noi friended by his wish to your high person, 
 His will is most malignant, and it stretches 
 Beyond you to your friends, Shakesp. 
 
 Friendless, adj, [i\om friend,'] 
 1. Wanting friends; wanting support; 
 wit'tiiut countenance; destitute; forlorn. 
 
 F R I 
 
 Alas! 1 am a woman, /Hen(?/fss, hopeless. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 Woe to him that is alone, is verirted upon none 
 so much as upon the friendless person. South. 
 
 To some new clime, or to thy native sky, 
 Oiifhendless and forsaken virtue fly. Dryden. 
 
 To what new clime, what distant sky. 
 Forsaken, friendless, will ye fly. Pope 
 
 2. Friendless man. The Saxon word lor 
 him whom we call an outlaw, because he 
 was, upon his exclusion from the king's 
 peace and protection, denied all help of 
 friends. 
 
 Friendliness, n. s. [from friendli/.] 
 
 1. A diposition to friend.ship. 
 
 Such a liking and friendliness as hath brought 
 forth the ell'ects. Sidney. 
 
 2. Exertion of benevolence. 
 
 Let all lite intervals be employed in prayers, 
 charity,/*nV;t(//(Jifssand neighbourhood, and means 
 uf spiritual and cur[ioral health. Taylor. 
 
 Fri'endly. adj, [from friend.] 
 1. Having the temper and disposition of a 
 friend; kind; favourable; benevolent. 
 
 Tliey gave them thanks, desiring them to be 
 friendly still unto them. 2 Mac. xii. 31. 
 
 Thou lo mankind 
 Be good, 3.n(\ friendly still, and oft return. Milton. 
 
 How art thou 
 To me sofriendly grown above the rest 
 Of brutal kind ? Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Let the Naussau-star in rising majesty appear, 
 And guide the prosp'rous n]ariner 
 With everlasting beams oi friendly light. Prior. 
 
 1. Disposed to union ; amicable. 
 
 h\ke friendly colours found our hearts unite, 
 And each from each contract new strength and 
 light. . Pope. 
 
 3. Salutai-y; homogeneak 
 
 Not that Nt-phcnle, which the wife of Thone 
 In Egypt gave to Jove-born Helena, 
 Is of such power to stir up jny as this, 
 To life sojritiidlu, or so cool to thirst. Miltun. 
 
 Fri'endly. adv. In the manner of friends; 
 Avith appearance of kindness ; amicably. 
 
 Here between the armies. 
 Let's drink together_/Wfnd/v, and embrace ; 
 That all their eves may bear those tokens home 
 Of our restoretl love and amity. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 Frien'dship. n. *'. [vrieiidschap^ Dut.] 
 
 1. The state of minds united by mutual 
 benevolence; amity. 
 
 There is little fncndship in the world, and least 
 rif all between e'qunls, which was wont lo be mag- 
 niiied : tliat tlwi is, is between superior and in- 
 ferior, whose fortunes may comprehend the one 
 the other. Bacon. 
 
 He lived rather in a fair intelligence than any 
 friendship with tlie favourites. Clarendon. 
 
 2. Highest degree of int imacy. 
 
 My sons, let your unseemly discord cease, 
 If not injriends'hip, live at least in peace. Dri/t/en. 
 
 3. Favour; personal kindness. 
 
 lUsfriendshi]-s, still to few confiii'd, 
 Were "always of the middling kind. Swift. 
 
 Raw cap'tains are usually sent only preferred Ijy 
 friendship, and not chosen by sufliciency. Spenser. 
 
 4. Assistance ; help. 
 
 Gracious, my lord, hard-by liere is a hovel : 
 SouiQ friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest: 
 Repose jou tliere. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 5. Conformity; affinity; correspondence; 
 aptness to unite. 
 
 We kno\v those colours which have a friendship 
 with each other, and those which are incompati- 
 ble, in mixing together those colours of which we 
 would make trial. Vryden's Dnfresnoy. 
 
 FRIFZE. n.s. [diap de /rise, Fr.] A 
 coarse warm cloth, made perhaps first in 
 Frksland. 
 
 F R I 
 
 If all the world 
 Should in a pet of temperance feed on pulse, 
 Driak the clear stream.and nothing wear but/Heat, 
 The All-giver would be unthank'd. Miltm. 
 
 The captive Germans of gigantick size, 
 Are rank'd in order, and are clad in frieze. Dryd. 
 
 He could no more live without his frieze coat 
 than without his skin. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 See how the double nation lies. 
 Like a rich coat with skirts of frieze ; 
 As if a man, in making posies, 
 Sliould bundle thistles up with roses. Swift. 
 
 Frieze. l[In architecture.] A large flat 
 
 Frize. J member whicli separates the 
 
 architrave from the cornice; of which 
 
 tlierc are as many kinds, as orders 
 
 of columns. Harris. 
 
 Nil juttiTig/)if£e, 
 Buttrice, nor coigne 'vantage, but this bird 
 Hath made his pendant-bed, and procreant cradle. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Nur did there want 
 
 Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures grav'n ; 
 
 The roof was fretted gold. Miltmt's Par. Lost. 
 
 Piilydorc ilesigned admirably well, as to the 
 
 practical part, having a particular gunius for 
 
 friezes. Dryden's Diifresiwy. 
 
 Fri'ezed. adj. [from frieze.] Shagged 
 
 or napped with frieze. 
 Fri'ezelike adj. [frieze and like.] 
 Resembling a frieze. 
 
 I have seen the figure of Thalia, the comick 
 muse, sometimes with an entire headpiece and a 
 Vmle friezelike tower, miming round the edges of 
 the face, and sometimes witli a mask for the face 
 only. Addison on Italy, 
 
 Fri'gat. n.s. {frigate, Fr.fregata, Ital.J 
 1. A small ship. Ships under fifty guns 
 are generally termed /r/g-a/s. 
 
 The treasure they sought fur was, in their view 
 embezzled in cevtamjrigats. Raleigh's .'ipology. 
 
 On high-rais'd di^cks the haughty Belgians ride. 
 Beneath whose shades our humble /r/g-als go. Dry. 
 1 . Any small vessel on the water. 
 
 Iklioid the water work and [)Iay 
 About her l\n\efrigut, therein making way. F. Q 
 
 Frigefa'ction. n.s. [frigiis and facio, 
 
 Lat.] 'J'he act of making cold. 
 To FRIGHT. V. a. [frji'Sptan, Sax.] To 
 terrify; to disturb with fear; to shock 
 with fear; to daunt; to dismay. This 
 was in the old authors more frequently 
 written affright, as it is always found 
 in the Scripture. 
 
 The herds 
 Were strongly" clam'rous in ihe frighted fields. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV 
 Such a numerous host 
 Fled not in silence through the /iio;/ite(i deep. 
 With ruin upon ruin, rout on routs 
 Confusion was confounded. Milton. 
 
 Cherubic watch, and of a sword the flame 
 Wide-waving, all approach far off to fright, 
 And guard all passage to the tree of life. Milton. 
 
 Nor exile or danger cnu fright a brave spirit, 
 With innocence guarded. 
 With virtue rewarded, 
 
 I make of my sufferings a merit. Vryden's Alb. 
 
 The mind_/ri^/i(s itself with any thing reflected 
 on in gross, and at a distance : things thus offered 
 to the mii-.d, can»y the shew of nothing but diffi- 
 culty. Locke. 
 
 \\" hence glaring ( ft with many a broaden'd orb, 
 IIc^i-ig/i(s the nations. "Thomson's Autumn. 
 
 Fright. 71. s. [from the verb.] A sud- 
 den terrour. 
 
 You, if your goodness does not plead my cause. 
 May thinli I broke all hospitable laws. 
 To bear you from your palace-yard by might. 
 And put your noble person in -Afright. Dryden. 
 
 To Fri'ghten. t'. a. To terrify ; to shock 
 witli dread. 
 
 772
 
 F R I 
 
 The rugged bpar's, or spotted lynx's brood. 
 Frighten the valleys and infest the wood. Prior. 
 
 Fri'ghtful. adj. [from fright.] 
 
 1 . Terrible ; dreadful ; full of terrour. 
 
 Tetchy and wayward was tliy infancy, 
 Thy school days/rig/il/'ui, dcsp'rate, wild, and fu- 
 rious, aiiakesp. 
 
 Without aid you durst not undertake 
 Ihhjrightful passage o'er the Stygian likcDri/d. 
 
 2. A cant word among women for any 
 thing unpleasing. 
 
 Frightfully, adv. [from frightful.] 
 
 1. Dreadfully; horribly. 
 
 Tliis will make a prodigious mass of water, and 
 UrnksJiighlfuUii to the imagination ; 'tis huge and 
 gre^it. Bitrnet. 
 
 2. Disagreeably; not beautifully. A wo- 
 man's word. 
 
 'Ihen to her glass ; and Betty, pray, 
 Don't I lookfrightfuUii to-day. Swift. 
 
 FRroHTFULNESS. 71. s. [from fright ful.] 
 
 The power of impressing terrour. 
 FRIGID, adj. [frigidiis, Uit.] 
 
 1. Cold; wanting waimth. In this sense 
 it is seldom used but in science. 
 
 In the torrid zone tlie heat would iiave been in- 
 tolerable, and in ihefrigiii zi>nes tlic cold would 
 have destroyed both animals and vegetables. 
 
 C/ieyne's Fbil. Princ. 
 
 2. Wanting warmth of affection. 
 
 3. Impotent ; without warmth of body. 
 
 4. Dull : without fire of fancy. 
 
 If justice Phillip's costive head 
 Somejrigid rhymes disburses, 
 
 Tiiuy shall like Persian tales be read, 
 And glad both babes and nurses. Sirift. 
 
 FuiGlDlTY. n. s. [frigidif as, Lai.] 
 
 1 . Coldness ; want of warmth. 
 
 2. Dulness ; want of intellectual fire. 
 
 Driving at these as at the highest elegancies, 
 which are btit the frigidities oi wit. Brown's V. En'. 
 
 Of the two extremes, one would sooner pardon 
 phrenzy ihnnj'rigiditv. Pope. 
 
 3. Want of corporeal warmth. 
 
 The boiling blood of youth hinders that serenity 
 which is necessary to severe intenseness ; and the 
 frigidity of decrepit age is as much ils enemy, by 
 reason of its dulling moisture. Glanviite's'Scep. 
 
 4'. Coldness of affection. 
 
 Fri'gidly. adv. [from frigid.] Coldly; 
 dully ; without affection. 
 
 Fui'gidness. n.s. [from fr-igid.] Cold- 
 ness ; dullness ; want of affection. 
 
 Frigori'fick. adj. [frigorijicus, frigiis 
 and J'acio. Lat.] Causing cold. A word 
 used ill science. 
 
 Ptigorifick atoms or particles mean those nitrous 
 salts which float in the air in cold weather, and 
 occasion freezing. Quinccij. 
 
 7b Frill, r. «. [frilleti.v,Vr.] To quake 
 or shiver with cold. Used of a hawk ; 
 as the hawk frills. Diet. 
 
 FRINGE, n. s. [friggio, Ital. fn 'ge, 
 Fr.] Ornamental appendages added to 
 dress or furniture. It is in conversation 
 used of loose and separate threads. 
 
 TlK>he oillces and dignities wire but the facings 
 orj'ringes of his greatness. ]]'otton. 
 
 The golden_/i*i7jffe ev'n set the ground on flame, 
 And drew a precious trail. Driid. Fbmer and LcaJ. 
 
 The shadows of all bodies,* in this light, were 
 bordered with three parallel fringes, or bands <jf 
 coloured liiiht, wlicreof that which was contigu- 
 ous to the shadow was broadest and most lumi- 
 nous : and that which was renuJtcst from it was 
 narrowest, and so faint as not easily to be visible. 
 i^ewtiVi's Oi'tirks. 
 
 To Fringe, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 F R I 
 
 adorn with fringes ; to decorate with or- 
 namental appendages. 
 
 Either side of the bank,_/)wcd with most beau- 
 tiful trees, resisted the sun's darts. Sidney. 
 
 Of silver wings he took a shining pair. 
 Fringed with gold. _ Faiifai, 
 
 Here, by the sacred bramble ting'd, 
 
 My petticoat is doubly _/Wng«i. Swift. 
 
 Fri'pperer. n. s. [from fripper, Fr.] 
 
 One who deals in old things vampi dup. 
 
 Fri'ppery. n. .?. [frippcrie, Fr. frippe- 
 
 ria, Ital.] 
 
 1. The place where old cloatlis are sold. 
 
 We know what belongs to a frippery. Shakesp. 
 Lurana is afripperii ot bankrupts, who fly thi- 
 ther from Uruina to play their after-game. Hmel. 
 
 2. Old cloaths ; cast dresses ; tattered rags. 
 
 Poor poet ape, that w(;uld be thought our chief. 
 Whose works are ev'n tUt frippery of wit; 
 
 From brocage is become so bold a thief, 
 As we, the robb'd, leave rage, and pity it. B. Jon. 
 
 The fighting-place now seamens rage sujiply, 
 And all the tackling is n frippery. Donne. 
 
 Ragfair is a place near the Tower of Loiulon, 
 where old cloatlis M\d frippery arc sold. Pope. 
 
 To FRISK. V. 71. [frizzar,;, Ital.] 
 
 1. To leap ; to skip. 
 
 Put water into a glass, and wet your finger, and 
 draw it round about the lip of the glass, pressing 
 it somewhat hard ; and after drawing it some few 
 times about, it will make the water/ris/c and sprin- 
 kle up in a fine dew. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 The fish fell afrlMng in the net. L' Estrange 
 Whether every one bath experimented this trou- 
 blesome intrusion of some Jrisking ideas, which 
 thus importune the understaiuiing, and hinder it 
 from being better employed, i know not. Locke. 
 
 2. To dance in frolick or gaiety. 
 
 We are as twin'd lambs, that d'id frisk V tb' sun. 
 And bleat the one at the other : what we chang'd. 
 Was innocence for innocence ; we knew not 
 The doctrine of ill-doing. Siiakesp. Tf-'mlcr's Tale. 
 
 About them friskiytg [uay'd 
 All beasts of th' earth. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 A wanton be'ikr frisked up and down in a mea- 
 dow, at ease and i>leasurc. VF..'itronge. 
 
 Watch the quick motions of the frisking tail, 
 Then serve their fury with the rushing male. Uri/rf. 
 
 So Bacchus througli the conrpier'd Indies rode, 
 
 And beasts in gambols/risfccrf before their honest 
 
 god. Dryden. 
 
 Oft to the mountains airy tops advanc'd. 
 The frisking satyrs on the summits danc'd. Adds. 
 
 'i'hose merry blades, 
 That frisk it under Pindus' shades. Pn'ijr. 
 
 Peg faints at the sound of an organ, and yet will 
 dance and frisk at the noise of a bagpipe. Arbiith. 
 
 Sly hunters thus, in Borneo's isle, 
 To catch a monkey by a wile, 
 The mimick animal amuse : 
 They ] lace before him filoves and shoes ; 
 Which when the brute puts aukward on, 
 All his agility is gone: 
 In vain to f-isk or climb he tries ; 
 The huntsmen seize the grinning prize. Sicift. 
 
 Frisk, n. s. [from the verb.] A frolick ; 
 
 a (it of wanton gaiety. 
 Fri'sker. n.x. [from/7-!.?/i.] A wanton; 
 
 one not constant or settled. 
 Now I will wear this, and nuw I will wear that ; 
 
 Now 1 will wear I cannot tell what: 
 
 All new fashions be pleasant to me: 
 
 Now i am a friskcr, all men on me look ; 
 
 What should I do but set cock on the hoop -Caind. 
 
 Fri'.skiness. w. s. [from//)sA-.] Gaiety; 
 
 liveliness. A low word. 
 Fri'sky. adj. [frisqtic, Fr. from frisk.] 
 
 Gay ; airy. A low word. 
 Frit. 71. s. [amonij chymists.] Ashes or 
 
 s.ilt baked or fried together with sand. 
 
 Diet. 
 Frith, n. s. [J'rcltim, Lat.] 
 
 F R I 
 
 1 . A strait of the sea where the water being 
 confined is rough. 
 
 What dcsp'rate madman then would venture o'er 
 ThiiJ'ritlif or liaul liis cables from the &hnre .' 
 
 DrydiTis VirgU. 
 Batavian fleets 
 Defraud us of the glittering finny swarms 
 That lieave oar friths, and crowd'^upon ourshorei. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 2. A kind of net. I know not whether 
 this sense be now retained. 
 
 'I'hc Wrar is n frith, reselling through the Om, 
 from the land tu low water mark, and having in 
 it a bunt or cod with an e^'e hook ; where tlie iish 
 entering, upon tlieir coming back with the ebb, 
 are stupt from issuing out ;ti;ain. Corfu. 
 
 Friti'llary. 71. s. [fritiltaire, Fr.J 
 A plant. Milltr. 
 
 Friti'nancy. n.s, [from frit inio, Lat.] 
 The scream of an insect, as the cricket 
 or cicada. 
 
 The note or fritmancy thereof is far more shrill 
 than that of the locust, and its life short. iir. V. hr. 
 
 FRITTER. ?/. s. [ friture, Fr.] 
 
 1. A small piece cut to be fried. 
 
 J\Iaids,^ViIfer5and pancakes ynow see _)'e make ; 
 Let Slut iiave one pancake fur company sake.7'i(U. 
 
 2. A fragment ; a small piece. 
 
 Sense and putter! have 1 lived to stand in the 
 taunt of I'ne that raake5_/W»tTS of EngUsh. 
 
 Shahep. Mernj Wives nf Windior. 
 
 If you strike a solid oody tlTat is brittle, as f.la?s 
 or sugar, it braketh not only where the imme- 
 diate force is, but breaketh all about into shivers 
 and^Wlfers ; tlie motion, upon the pressure, search- 
 ing all ways, and breaking where it findelh tie 
 body weakest. Bacons ^at. lliit. 
 
 The ancient errant knights 
 Won all their ladies hearts in fights ; 
 And cut whole giants \\\io frillers, 
 lo put tiieni into aniorous twitters, Hudibras. 
 
 3. A cheesecake; a wig. Ainsworlh. 
 To Fri'tter. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 
 
 2. To break into small particles or frag- 
 ments. 
 
 Joy to great chaos ! let division reign ! 
 I\Iy racks'jiiid tortures soon shall drive them hence, 
 Break all their nerves, and/rifter all tlieir sense. 
 
 Dunciad. 
 
 How prologues into prefaces decay. 
 And these lo notes are t'Htter'd quite away. Fopc. 
 
 FRl'VOLOUS. adj: Ifnvolus, Lat. fri- 
 vohf Fr.] Slight ; trifling ; of no mo- 
 ment. 
 
 It is frivohms to say we ought not to use bad 
 ceremonies of tlie church of Rome, and presume 
 all such bad as it pleascth themselves to dislike. 
 
 These seem very /riro/tftts and fruitless ; for, by 
 the bleach of thcni, little damage can come Xo 
 the commonwealth. Spenser. 
 
 She lani'd the blinded lioness. 
 And spotted mountain pard ; but set at nought 
 The /ruWtPus bolt of Cu]»id. MUlon. 
 
 Those things which now se* m/M'aV<7ti4and slight. 
 Will be of serious consequence lo \ou. 
 When they have made you once ridiculous. t^osS 
 
 All tlieimpeachnienis in Gretcc and Koine 
 agreed in a notion of being concerned, in point of 
 honour, to condemn "luuever person they ini- 
 peached, however ^Wiv/njis tlic articles, or how- 
 ever weak tlie proofs. Swiji. 
 
 I will not defend any mistake, and do not think 
 myself obliged to answer cvery/i-nv/(»iii ubieclion. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fri'voi.ovsness. n. s. [from frivolous.] 
 Want of importance ; triflingness. 
 
 Frivolously, adv. [from frivolous.] 
 Triflingly ; without weight. 
 
 To Fri'zle. r. a. [/rmr, Fr.] To curl 
 in short curls like uap of frieze. 
 
 773
 
 FRO 
 
 Th' liumble shrub 
 
 And bush, yv'ilh frizled hair implicit. Milton 
 
 They frizled and curled their hair with h<it 
 
 'irons. JfakciviU. 
 
 I dofTd my shoe, and swear 
 
 Therein I spv'd this veilow fritted liair. Gay. 
 
 FRO. adv. '[of ppa, Sai.] 
 
 1. Backward ; regressively. It is only used 
 in opposition to the word lo ; to a.ni\ fro, 
 backward and forward, to and from. 
 
 The Cartttaginians having spoiled aU Spain. 
 rooted out all iliat were affected to the llomans ; 
 and the Romans, having recovered that country, 
 did cut olf all that favoured the Cartliaginians : 
 so betwixt them both, to AwAfrot there was scarce 
 a native Spaniard left. Speiiser. 
 
 As when a heap of gather'd thorns is cast. 
 Now to, now fro. before tli' autunnial blast, 
 Together clung, it rolls around the iield. Piype. 
 
 2. It is a contraction of from : not now used. 
 
 They turn round like grindlestoues. 
 Which they dig outy'nj' the delves. 
 For their bairns bread, wives and selves. B. Jonson. 
 
 Frock, n. s. [froc, Fr.] 
 
 1 . A dress ; a coat. 
 
 That monster, custom, is angel yet in this. 
 That to the use of actions fair and good, 
 He likewise gives a frock or livery, 
 That aptly is put on. Sliakesp. Hamltt. 
 
 Chalybean temper'd steel, and^rncfc of mail 
 Adamantean proof. Milton's Agonist€s. 
 
 2. A kind of close coat for men. 
 
 1 strip my b(jdy of my shepherd"s_/i'Oc/c. Dryd. 
 
 3. A kind of gown for cliildren. 
 Frog. n. s. [ppogja. Sax.] 
 
 1. A small animal with four feet, living 
 both by land ami water, and placed bj' 
 naturalists among mixed animals, as par- 
 taking of beast and fish ; famous in Ho- 
 mer's Poem. There is likewise a small 
 green frog that perches on trees, said to 
 be venomous. 
 
 Poor Tom, that eats the swimming frog, the 
 load, the tadpole. Shakesp. hing Lear. 
 
 Auster is drawn with a pot or urn, pouring forth 
 ■water, with wliich shall descendjicj^^s. PcackiKii. 
 
 2. The hollow part of a horses hoof. 
 Fro'gbit. n.s. [fi-og and bit.] An herb. 
 
 Ainstvorlh. 
 Fro'gfish. 71. s. [frog andjish.] A kind 
 
 of fish. Ainsworth. 
 
 Frog'grass. n. s. [frog and g}-ass.] A 
 
 kind of herb. 
 Fro'glettuce. 71. s. [frog and lettvce.] 
 
 A plant. 
 Froise. n, s. [from the Tr.fr-oisser, as 
 
 the pancake is crisped or crirapled in fry- 
 ing.] A kind of food made by frying 
 
 bacon inclosed in a pancake. 
 FRO LICK. adj. [rro/iyVA:, Dut.] Gay; 
 
 full of levity ; full of pranks. 
 We fairies, that do run 
 
 By the triple Hecate's team. 
 From the presence of the son. 
 
 Following darkness like a dream, 
 
 Now are frolick. Shakesp. 
 
 Whether, as some sages sing, 
 
 'ihcfrolicU wind that breathes the Spring, 
 
 Zephyr with Aurora playing. 
 
 As he met her once a Maying; 
 
 There un beds of violets "blue. 
 
 And fresh-blown roses wash'd in dew, 
 
 Fill'd her with thee a daughter fair. 
 
 So buxom, blithe, and debonuair. Milton. 
 
 Who ripe, and frolkk of his full grown age. 
 
 Roving the Celtick and Iberian fields, 
 
 At last betakes him to this ominous wood.Miltim. 
 The gav, Hie frolick, and the loud. IViiUer. 
 
 Fro'uck. n.s. [from the adjective.] A 
 wild prank ; a flight of whim and levity. 
 
 FRO 
 
 He would be at his frolick once again. 
 And his pretensions to divinity. "" Hoscommon. 
 
 Alcibiades, having been formerly noted for the 
 hkefrohcks and excursions, was immediately ac- 
 cused (if this. Swift. 
 
 \Vhile rain depends, tlM? pensive cat gives o er 
 Heifrolicks, and pursues her tail no more. Swift. 
 
 To Fro'lick. 11. n. [from the noun.] To 
 play wild pranks ; to play tricks of le- 
 vity and gaiety. 
 
 Manly spirit and genius plays not tricks with 
 words, nor frolicks with the caprices of a frothy 
 imagination. GlanvUle, 
 
 Then to her new love let her go. 
 And deck her in golden array ; 
 Be finest at every fine show. 
 And frolick it all the long day. Rowe. 
 
 Fro'lickly. adv. [(i-omfrolick.] Gaily; 
 
 wildly. 
 Fro'licksome. adj. [{rom frolick.] Full 
 
 of wild gaiety. 
 Fro'licksomeness. n.s. [from froUck- 
 
 S07ne.] Wildness of gaiety ; pranks. 
 Fro'ucksomely. adv. [from frolick- 
 
 sur7ie.] With wild gaiety. 
 From. pi-tp. [ppam, Sax. and Scott] 
 
 1. Away; noting privation. 
 
 Your slighting Zulema. this very hour 
 Will take ten thousand subjects/rmn your power. 
 
 Diyden. 
 In fetters one the barking porter ty'd. 
 And took him trembling /iom his sot 'reign's side. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Clarissa drew, with temptiia^ grace, 
 A two-edg'd weaponyrom the sl.iniog case. Pojie. 
 
 2. Noting reception. 
 What time would spare /rvm steel receives its 
 
 date. " _ Mipe. 
 
 3. Noting procession, descent, or birth. 
 
 TJius the hard and stubborn race of man 
 Frojn animated rock and flint began. Blackmore. 
 The song began Jn>m Sove. Dryden. 
 
 SucceedTng kings rise^i-om the happy bed./reiie. 
 
 4. Noting transmission. 
 
 The luessengersyVtfm our sister and the king. 5/iu/c 
 
 5. Noting abstraction or vacation. 
 
 I shall find time 
 From this enormous state, and seek to give 
 Losses their remedies. Shukesj). Kiu^ Lear. 
 
 G. With to following ; noting succession. 
 These motions we must examine /Vpm first to last, 
 to find out what w as tlie form of the earth. Burnet. 
 He bid her from time to time be comforted. .,(idd. 
 7. Out of; noting emission. 
 When the most high 
 Eternal Father, Jnim his secret cloud 
 Amidst, in thunder utter'd thus his voice. Milton. 
 Then pierc'd with pain, she shook her haughty 
 head, 
 Sigh'dfrom her inw ard soul,and thus she said.Drvd. 
 
 S. Noting progress from premisses to in- 
 ferences. 
 
 If an objection be not removed, the conclusion 
 of e.xperience from the time past to the time pre- 
 sent will not be sound and perfect. Bacon. 
 
 This is evidentji-om that high and refined mo- 
 rality, which sbincd forth in some of the ancient 
 heathens. &i(!'i. 
 
 9. Noting the place or person from whom 
 a message is brought. 
 
 The king is coming, and I must speak with him 
 from the bridge. 
 
 — How now, f luellan, cam'st thou_/i-om the bridge ' 
 Sliakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 10. Out of; noting extraction. 
 
 From high Meonia's rocky shores 1 came. 
 Of poor descent ; Ac?Etes is my name, .idd'isoti. 
 
 11. Because of. Noting the reason or mo- 
 tive of an act or effect. 
 
 Vou are good, but/rom a nobler cause ; 
 From vour own knowledge, DOtfrom nature's laws. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 FRO 
 
 ^ David celebrates the glory of God from the con- 
 sideration of the greatness of his works. Tillataon. 
 
 \Ve sicken soon/r«wn her contagious care ; 
 
 Grieve for her sorrows, groan for her despair. Prior, 
 
 Relaxation/rom picmtude is cured by spare diet, 
 
 and from any cause by that which is coutrarv to it, 
 
 Arbtithnot on Aliments, 
 
 12. Out of. Noting the ground or cause 
 of any thing. 
 
 By the sacred radiance of the sun^ 
 The mysteries of Hecate, and the night j 
 By all the operations of the orbs. 
 From whom we do exist, and cease to be. 
 Here I disclaim all my paternal care. Shakesp. 
 ^ They who believe that the praises which arise 
 from valour are su|)eriour to those wliich proceed 
 from any other virtues, have not considered. Dryd. 
 What entertainment can be raised^rom so piti- 
 ful a machine ? We see the success of the battle 
 from the very beginning. D-ryden. 
 
 'Tis Uuefrom force tuc strongest title springs, 
 1 therefore hold from that which tirst made kings. 
 
 Di~ydcn 
 
 13. Not near to: noting distance. 
 
 His regiment lies half a mile at least 
 South J'rom the mighty power of the kiug.Shakesp. 
 
 14. Noting separation or recession. 
 To die by thee, were but to die in jest ; 
 
 From thee to die, were torture more than death. S/t. 
 Hast thou beheld, -when from the goal they start. 
 The youthful charioteers with heaving heart, 
 Rush to the race, and, panting, scarcely bear 
 Th' extremes of fev'rish hope and chilling fear. 
 
 Drydeti s Virgif. 
 
 15. Noting exemption or deliverance. 
 
 From jealousy's tormenting strife, 
 For ever be ihy bosom free'd. Frior. 
 
 16. Noting atisence. 
 
 Our father he hath writ, so hath our sister, 
 Of ditf'rences, which I best thought it fit 
 To answer /rom »>ur home. ShiJcesp, King Lear. 
 17- Noting derivation. 
 
 I lay the deep foundations of a wall, 
 And Enus, nam'd /ivm me, tlie cily call. Dryden. 
 IS. Since. Noting distance from the past. 
 
 The flood was not the cause of mountains, hut 
 there were mountains fmni the creation. Raleigh. 
 
 1 had from my childhood a wart upon one of 
 my fingers. Bacon. 
 
 The other had been trained up from his youth 
 in the war of Flanders. Clarendon. 
 
 The milk of tygers was his infant food, 
 Tanghtfrom his tender years the taste of blood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Were there, from all eternity, no memorable 
 actions done 'till about that lime? TiUotson. 
 
 19. Contrary to. Not in use. 
 
 Any thing so overdone is from the purpose of 
 playing; whose end, both at the first and now, 
 was and is to bold, as 'twere, the mirruur up to 
 nature. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Do not believe, 
 That/ri;m the sense of all civility, 
 I thus would play and trifle with you reverence. 5A. 
 
 Did you draw bonds to forfeit ? Sign, to break? 
 Or must we read you quite^rtim what we speak. 
 And find the truth out tlie wrong way ? Vonns. 
 Q.0, Noting removal. 
 
 TUncc Jrom tlie ground she leap'd . Dryden. 
 
 21. From is very frequently joined by an 
 ellipsis with adverbs: as, from abovt, 
 
 from the parts above ; from heloiv, from 
 the places hdoiv ; of which some are 
 here exemplified, 
 
 22. From above. 
 
 He, which gave them from above such power, 
 for miraculous confirmation of that which they 
 taught, endued them also with wisdom/riTm above, 
 to teach that which they so did confirm. Hooktr. 
 
 No sooner were his eyes in slumber bound, 
 When, from above, a more than mortal sound 
 Invades his ears. Dryden's ^£neid. 
 
 23. From afar. 
 
 Light demilances from afar they throw.Dr^d*?!. 
 
 24. From beneath*
 
 FRO 
 
 With wbirlwinds from beneath she loss'd the ship 
 And bare expos'd the twttoni of the decp.Dryden. 
 
 An arm arises out of Styeian flood, 
 Which,breakinc;/W7m6eneaf/i withbuJlowingsound, 
 Whirli Uie black waves and rattiiag stoues around. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 25, From behiHd. 
 
 Set, to their ba.ietestor'd, earth, seas, and air. 
 
 And joyful ageefrmt hdiiiid, in crowding ranks 
 
 appear. Dryden. 
 
 86. From far. 
 
 Their train proceeding on their way. 
 From far the town and lofty tow'rs survey. Drud. 
 
 27. From high. 
 Tiien beav'n's imperious queen shi)t down from 
 
 /it«ft. Dryden. 
 
 28. From thence. Herefrom is superfluous. 
 
 In the necessary dilferences which arise from 
 thence, they ratherbreak into several divisions than 
 join in any one public interest; &n6Jrom hence have 
 always risen the roost dangerous factions, which 
 have ruined the peace of nations. Clarendon 
 
 29. From whence. From is here super- 
 fluous. 
 
 While future realms his wandVing thoughts de- 
 His daily vision, and his dream by night, [light. 
 Forbidden Thebes appears before his eye. 
 From whence he sees his absent brother fly. Pope. 
 
 30. From where. 
 From iL-here high Ithaca o'«rlooks the floods. 
 
 Brown with o'er-arching shades and pendent 
 
 woods. 
 Us to these shores our filial datj draw9.Pope'< Od. 
 
 3l* From without. 
 
 When the plantation grows to strength, then it 
 is time to plant it with women as well as witl 
 men, that it may spread into generations, and not 
 be piercedyWim without. Bacon. 
 
 If native power prevail not, shall I doubt 
 To seek for needful succour^rom mthout. Dryden. 
 
 32. From is sometimes followed by another 
 preposition, with its proper case. 
 
 33. From amidst. 
 
 Thou too shalt fall by time or barb'rous foes. 
 Whose circling walls the sev'n fam'd hills enclose ; 
 And thou, whose rival tow'rs invade the skies, 
 Andfrom amidst the waves with equal glory rise. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 34. From among. 
 
 Here had new begun 
 My wand'ring, had not he, who was my guide 
 Up hither, from among the trees appear'd. 
 Presence divine ! iliitotys Paradise Lost. 
 
 35. From beneath. 
 ]\Iy worthy wife our arms mislaid, 
 
 And^row beneath my head my sword convey'd. 
 
 Dryden's jEn. 
 
 36. From beyond. 
 
 There followed him great multitudes of peo- 
 ple from Galilee, and from beyond Jordan. 
 
 Mat. iv. 25. 
 
 37. From forth. 
 
 Young .iretus, from forth bis bridal bow'r, -, 
 Brought the full laver o er their hands to pour, 
 And canisters of consecrated flour. Popes Odd. 
 
 38. From off. 
 
 The sea being constrained to withdraw/rom off 
 certain tracts oflands, which lay till then at the 
 bottom of it. Woodtrard. 
 
 Knights, unhors'd, may the from off the plain, 
 And fight on foot, their honour to regain. Dryden. 
 
 39. From out. 
 The king with angry threatnings_/r(wn out a win- 
 dow, where he was not ashamed the world should 
 behold him a beholder, commanded bis guard and 
 the rest of his solders to hasten their death. 5i{inev. 
 
 And join thy voice unto the angel-quire. 
 From out his secret altar touch'd with hallow'd fire. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Now shake._from out thy fruitful breast, the seeds 
 Of envy, discord, and of cruel deeds. DrwJen's -En. 
 
 Strong god of arms, whose iron sceptre swavs 
 The freezing North and hyperborean seas, 
 Terror is thine, and wild amazement, flung 
 Fran out thy chariot, withers ev'n the strong. JJrjid. 
 
 FRO 
 
 40. From out of» 
 
 Whatsoever such principle there is, it was at the 
 first found out by discourse, and drawn /rom out 
 of the very bowels of heaven and earth. Hooker. 
 
 41. From under. 
 
 He, though blind of sight, 
 Despis'd, and thought extinguish'd quite. 
 With inward eyes illuminated, 
 His fiery virtue rous'd 
 
 From «rr/ier ashes into sudden flame. Mi/(. Agonistes. 
 42* From within. 
 
 From within 
 The brolveu buwek. and the bloated skin 
 A buzzing nobe of bees his ears alarms. Dryden. 
 Fro'mward. prep, [ppam and feajio, 
 Sax.] Away from ; the contrary to the 
 word towards. Not now in use. 
 
 As cheerfully going towards as Pyrocles went 
 froward /rcmuurd his death. Sidney. 
 
 The horizontal needle is continually varying 
 towards East and West ; and so llie dipping or in- 
 clining needle is varying up aiid down, towards 
 or fromicards tlie leiiilh. Qheyne. 
 
 Frondi'ferous. adj. [frondifer, Lat,] 
 Bearing leaves. Diet. 
 
 FRONT. ». s. [frons, Lat. froni, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The face. 
 
 Wis front yet threatens, and his frowns com- 
 mand. Prior. 
 
 They stand notfront to front, but each doth view 
 The other's tail, pursu'd as they pursue. Creech. 
 
 The patriot virtues that distend thy ihoueht. 
 Spread on thy front and in thy bosom ^\ovf. Thorns. 
 
 2. The face, in a sense of censure or dis- 
 like ; as, a hardened front ; a fierce 
 front. This is the usual sense. 
 
 3. The face as opposed to an enemy. 
 
 His forward hand, inur'd to wounds, makes way 
 Upon the sharpest fronts of tiie most fierce.Danie/. 
 
 4. The part or pldce opposed to the face. 
 The access of the town wa^s only by a neck of 
 
 Jand : our men had shot, that thundered upon them 
 from the rampier \n front, and from the gallies that 
 lay at sea in flank. Bacon. 
 
 5. The van of an army. 
 'Twixt host and host but narrow space was left, 
 
 A dreadful interval ! a^nd front to front 
 Presented, stood in terrible array. iMiif. Par. Lost. 
 
 6. The forepart of any thmg, as of a 
 building. 
 
 Both these sides are not only returns, but parts 
 of thefront ; and uniform witliout, though seve- 
 rally partitioned witliin, and are on both sides of 
 a great and stately tow er, in the midst of the /ran(. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Palladius adviselh the/r<>n(of his edifice should 
 so respect the Souili, than in its firstangle it receive 
 the rising rays of tlie Winter sun, and decline a 
 Jitde from the Winter setting thereof. Brown. 
 
 The prince approach'd the door, 
 Possess'd the porch, and on the front above 
 He fix'd the fatal bouah. Drydeii's £n. 
 
 One sees the front of a palace covered with 
 painted pillars of ditiVrcnt orders. i^rfdistm on Italy. 
 
 7. The most conspicuous part or particular- 
 
 To Front, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To oppose directly, or face to face; to 
 encounter. 
 
 You four sha.\\ front them in the narrow lane ; 
 we w ill walk lower : if tliey 'scape from your en- 
 counter, then they light on us. Shaksep. 
 
 Can you, when yuu have push'd out of your 
 gates tlie very defender of them, think to front 
 his revenges with easy groans. Shakesp. 
 
 Some are either to be won to the state in a fast 
 and true manner, or /nrnffi/ with some other of the 
 same party that may oppose tiiem, and so divide 
 the reputation. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 1 shall_/rent thee, like some staring ghost, 
 With all my wrongs about me. Drya. Don I>>.bast. 
 
 2. To stand opposed or overagainst any 
 place or thing. 
 
 FRO 
 
 The square will be one of the most beautiful in 
 
 Italy when this statue is erected, and a town house 
 
 built at one end tofront the church that stands at 
 
 the other. Addiioit on Italii. 
 
 To Front, v. n. To stand foremost. 
 
 I front but in that file. 
 
 Where others tell steps with me. Shak. Hen. \'ill 
 
 Fro'ntal n. s. [fronta/e, Lat. frontal, 
 
 Fr.] Any external form of medicine to 
 
 be applied to tlte foreliead, generally 
 
 composed among the ancients of coolers 
 
 and hypnoticks. Quinct/. 
 
 We may apply intercipients upon tlie temples i f 
 mastick : frontaUs may also be applied. Wiseman. 
 
 l"he torpedo, alive, stupefies at a distance ; tut 
 after death producetli no such effect ; which had 
 they retained, they might have supplied opium, 
 and' served aifrontals in phrensies. Broun. 
 
 Fro'ntated. adj. [from from, Lat.] In 
 botany, the front ated leaf of a flower 
 grows broader and broader, and at latt 
 perhaps terminates in a right line : used 
 in opposition tocuspated, which is, when 
 the leaves of a flower end in a point. 
 
 Quiiicey 
 
 Fro'ntbox. b. .«. \__front and box.] The 
 box in the playhouse from which there 
 is a direct view to the stage. 
 
 How vttin are all these glories, all our pains, 
 Unless good sense preserve what beauty gains ! 
 I'hat men may say, when we thefrontboif'^jnce. 
 Behold the tirst in virtue, as in face. ' P,'pe. 
 
 Fro'nted. adj. [from /ron«.] Formed 
 with a front. 
 PA:t fronted brigades form. MiUon. 
 
 Frontier, n.s. [ f rentier e.Yr.l The 
 marches ; the limit ; the utmost verge 
 of any territory ; the border ; properly 
 that which terminates not at the sea, but 
 fronts another country. 
 
 Draw all the inhabitants of those borders awav, 
 or plant ganisons upon all those ^hmtiers about 
 him. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 I upon my _/rimtiers here keep residence. 
 That little which is left so to defend. Milton. 
 
 Fro'ntier. adj. Bordering; contermi- 
 nous. 
 
 A place there lies on Gallia's utmost bounds, 
 Where rising seas insult the^i-imtier grounds. Jdi 
 
 Fro'ntispiece. n. s. [front ispicium, 
 id quod in frunte conspicilur ; frontis- 
 pice, Fr.] That part of any building or 
 other body that directly meets the eye. 
 
 With frontis]}iect of diamond and gold 
 Embellish'd, thick with sparkling orient gems 
 The portal shone. MUton s Paradise La^. 
 
 Who is it has informed us that a rational soul 
 can inhabit no tenement, unless it has just such 3 
 sort of frontispiece? Locke. 
 
 The frontispiece of the townhouse has pillars of a 
 beautiful black marble, streaked with white. j4iid. 
 
 Fro'ntle.ss. adj. [iromfont.] Not blush- 
 ing ; wanting sh.-une ; void of diflSdence. 
 
 Thee, frontUss man, we follov\ 'd from afar. 
 Thy instruments of death and tools of war.Dryrf. 
 For vice, thouf;h /"ojit/css, and of harden "d face. 
 Is daunted at the siglit of aw ful grace. Ih-iiden. 
 
 Strike a blush throughyri>nri«s tlatterv. Pope. 
 
 Fro'ntlet. 71. «. [from frons, La.t.fron- 
 teaii, Fr.] A bandage -wom upon tlie 
 forehead. 
 
 How now, daughter, what makes that fro^itUt 
 on ? You are too much of late i' th' frown. Shak. 
 They shall be as frontlets between thine eves. 
 
 Deut'ri. 8. 
 
 To the foreheadJn>nt/et* were applied, to restrain 
 
 and intercept the intlux. h'isemuns Surgery. 
 
 Frontro cm. n. s. [front and room.}
 
 FRO 
 
 An apartmei.t in the fore part of the house. 
 
 If your sbnp stands in an eniinent street, tlie 
 i'rontrontns dTir cnminoniy more airy than the back- 
 rooms; and it will be inconvenient to make tlie 
 frnntroom shalhiw. Moion. 
 
 FroRE (idj. [/jtvrozcn, Dut. frozen.] 
 Frozen. This wori] is not used since the 
 time of Milton. 
 
 The parching air 
 Burns fnircf, and cold performs th' etfect of fire. Mid 
 Frorne. adj. Ibtvrozen, frozen, Dut.] 
 Frozen; congealed with cold. Obsolete. 
 
 O, mv hi-ari-blood is well nish^iitrne T feel. 
 And my ealaiie grown fast to mv heei.Spf^nser'j Pust. 
 
 FROStrn.'^s.^[ppoT=. Sax.] 
 
 1. The la.st effect of cold ; the power or act 
 of contrelation. 
 
 This is the state of man ; to-day he puts forili 
 The tender leaves of hope, to-morrow blossoms 
 And bears his blushing honours thick upon him ; 
 The third dav comes afrnst, a killing/rust, 
 And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely 
 His ereatne^s is a ripening, nip's his root, 
 And^theii he falls. Shaktsp. Bmrxf XlVl. 
 
 When the frost seizes upon wine, only the more 
 ■walerish parts are congealed; there is a mighty 
 spirit which can retreat into itself, and withiji ils 
 own compass lie secure from the freezing impres- 
 sion. Smth. 
 
 2. 1'he appearance of plants and trees 
 sparklinj; with congelation of dew. 
 
 Behold the groves that shine with silver/rust, 
 Their beauty wither'd.and their verdure lost. Pn;)f. 
 
 Frostbitten, adj. [frost and bitten.] 
 Nipped or withered by the frost. 
 
 The leaves are too much/ro5(6Jtfe7i. Mortijncr. 
 
 Frosted, adj. [i'rom frost.] Laid on in 
 inequalities like those of the hoar frost 
 upon plants. 
 
 The rich brocaded silk unfold, 
 \V here rising flow'rs grow stitfwithyVosterf gold. Gat/. 
 
 Frostily. adi<. [from frost y.] 
 
 1. With frost; with excessive cold. 
 
 2. Without warmth of affection. 
 
 Courtling, I rather thou sliould'st utterly 
 Dispraise my work, than praise \lfrostUu,B.JoiiStm. 
 
 Fro'stiness. 11. s. [fromji-csfi/.] Cold; 
 freezing told. 
 
 Fro'stnail. 11. s. [frcst and nail.] A 
 nail with a prominent head driven into the 
 horse's shoes, that it may pierce the ice. 
 The claws are strait only to take hold, for bet- 
 ter progression ; as a horse that is shod with /roi(- 
 nails. Crew's Cosmi)/. 
 
 Fro'stwork. n. s. [frost and work.] 
 Work in which the substance is laid on 
 with inequalities, like the dew congealed 
 upon shrubs. 
 
 By nature shap'd to various figures, those 
 The'fruitful rain, and these the hail compose ; 
 The snowy fleece and curious /rnsdi-or/i these, 
 Produce the dew,and those the gentle bteeze. Black 
 
 Fro'sty. adj. [domfrost.] 
 
 1. Having the power of congelation ; ex- 
 cessive cold. 
 
 For all ray blood in Rome's great quarrel shed, 
 For all ihcjrostii nights that I have watch'd. 
 Be pitiful to my "condemned sons.Shak. Tit.Andron. 
 
 1 he air, if very cold, irritateth the flame, and 
 raaketh it burn m'ore fiercely ; as fire scorchelh in 
 frostt) weather. Bucon. 
 
 A gnat half-starved with cold and hunger, went 
 out onejrosty morning to a bee hive. L'Eslrange. 
 
 2. Chill in affection; without warmth of 
 kindness or courage. 
 
 What afrostu spirited rogue is this! Shakcsp 
 
 3. Hoary ; grey-haired ; resembling frost, 
 
 FRO 
 
 Where is loyalty ? 
 If it be bani^h'd from \\iefrosti^ heaa, 
 Where shall it lind a harbour in the earth ? Shak. 
 FROTH, n.s. [fror, Dan. and Scott.] 
 
 1. Spume; foam; the bubbles caused in 
 li(luor-5 by agitation. 
 
 His hideous tail then hurled he about _ 
 And therewith all enwrapt the nimble thighs 
 Of his /rot/i foamy steed. Fuiri/ Queen. 
 
 \\ hen wind ex'pireth from under the sea, as it 
 causeth some resounding of the w ater, so it causeth 
 some lieht motions of hubbies, and white circles 
 of f'rotli. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Surging waves against a solid rock, 
 Th(mgh all to shivers dash'd, th' assault renew ; 
 ^'ain batt'ry, and injToth or bubbles end. Milton. 
 
 The useless/r£i(/i swims on the surface, but the 
 pearl lies covered with a mass of waters. C(a>il'i/fc. 
 
 The scatter'd ocean flies ; 
 Black sands, discolourd/rot/j, and mingled mud 
 arise. Dryden 
 
 They were thefroth my raging folly mov'd 
 When it boil'd up ; I knew not then 1 lov'd. 
 Yet then lov'd most. Drwlen's Aiirengzebe. 
 
 If now the cohmrs of natural bodies are to be 
 mingled, let water, a little thickened with soap, 
 be agitated to raise a froth : and after that froth 
 has stood a little, there will appear, to one that 
 shall view it intently, various colours every where 
 in the surfaces of the bubbles ; but to one that 
 shall go so far off that he cannot distinguish the 
 colours from one anotlier, the whole froth will 
 grow white, with a perfect whiteness. Newtoji. 
 
 A painter, having finished the picture of a horse, 
 excepting the Itpose froth about his mouth and his 
 bridle; and after many unsuccessful essay s,despair- 
 ijig to do that to his satisfaction, in a great rage 
 threw a sponge at it, all besmeared witii theco 
 lours, winch fortunately hitting upon the right 
 place, by one bold strote of chance most e.vactly 
 supplied the want of skill in the artist. Bent. Serai. 
 
 2. Any empty or senseless shew of wit or 
 eloquence. 
 
 3. Any thing not hard, solid or substantial. 
 
 Who eateth his veal, pig and lamb he'mgfroth. 
 
 Shall twice in a week go to bed without broth. Tuss. 
 
 To Froth, v.n. [from the noun.] To foam; 
 
 to throw out spume ; to generate spume. 
 
 He frets within, froths trer.son at his mouth. 
 And churns it through his teeth. Dri/den. 
 
 Excess muddies the best wit, and only makes 
 it flutter and/rot/i high. Creu: 
 
 Feo'tiiily. adv. [fvomfrothi/.] 
 i. With foam; with spume. 
 2. In an empty trifling manner. 
 Frothy, adj. [from froth.] 
 
 1 . Full of foam ; froth, or spume. 
 
 The sap of trees is of difli'ering natures ; some 
 watery and clear, as vines, beeches, pears ; some 
 thick, as apples ; some gummy, as cherries ; and 
 somefrothy, as elms. Bacon. 
 
 Behold afrothy substance rise ; 
 Be cautious, or your bottle flies. Suift. 
 
 2. Soft ; not solid ; wasting. 
 
 Their bodies are so solid and hard as you need 
 not fear that bathing should make l\iemfrothy.Bac. 
 
 3. \'ain ; empty; trifling. 
 
 What's a voluptuous dinner, and the frothy va- 
 nity of discourse that commnnly attends these 
 ]iompou5 entertainments? What is it but a morti- 
 fication to a man of sense and virtue ' VEstrange. 
 
 Though the principles of religion were never 
 so clear and evident, yet they may be made ridi- 
 culous bv vain and_/ri)l'iw men ; as the gravest and 
 wiset person in the world may be abused bv- being 
 put in a fool's coat. Tillotson. 
 
 FROUNCE, n. s. A word used by falco- 
 ners for a distemper, in which white spit- 
 tle gatliers about the hawk's bill. Sl.inn. 
 
 To Frounce, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 frizzle or curl the hair about the face. 
 '1 his word was at first probably used in 
 contempt. 
 
 FRO 
 
 Some frounce their cur'ed hair in courtly ^uise^ 
 
 Some prank their rutfs, and others timely dight 
 
 Their gay attire. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Some warlike sign must be used ; either a slovenly 
 
 buskin, or an overstaringyrounced head. Ascham, 
 
 Thus, night, oft see me in thy pale career, 
 Till civil suited morn appear ; 
 Not tiick'd and fronnca as she was wont, 
 W'uh the Attick boy to hunt. MUton, 
 
 Fro'uzy. adj, [A cant word.] 
 
 1 . Foetid ; musty. 
 
 Petticoats mjronty heaps. Stdft, 
 
 2. Dim ; cloudy. 
 
 V\ hen first Diana leaves her bed, 
 \ apours and steams her looks disgrace ; 
 
 Afrflitzy dirty-coloiir'd red 
 Siis on her cloudy wrinkled face. Swift. 
 
 FROVVARD. adj. [pjiampeaps, Sax.] 
 Peevish ; ungovernable ; angry ; per- 
 verse : the contrary to toward. 
 
 The froivard pain of mine own heart made me 
 delight to punish him, whom 1 esteemed the 
 chiefest let in the way. Sidney. 
 
 Slie's Witfroicaid, but modest as the dove : 
 She is not hot, but temperate as the morn : Shak. 
 
 Whose ways are crooked, and they /'rouarrf in 
 their paths. Fron. ii. 15. 
 
 Time raovelh so round, tliat a froivard retention 
 of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation. Bac. 
 
 'Tis with/roit-unf men, and^reu-arrf factions too, 
 as 'tis with ^/i-ou'ard children; they'll be sooner 
 quieted by fear than by any sense of duty. L'Estr. 
 
 iVIotions occasion sleep, as we find by the com- 
 mon use and experience of rocking/rouarrf chil- 
 dren in cradles. Temple. . 
 
 Fro'wardly. ado. [from froivard.] 
 Peevishly ; perversely. 
 
 1 hid me and was wroth, and he went frowardly 
 in the way of his heart. Is. Ivii. 17. 
 
 Fro'wardness. n. s. [from froivard.] 
 Peevishness ; perverseness. 
 
 How many frowardiiesses of ours does he smother? 
 how many indignities does he pass by ? how many 
 ati'ronts does he put up at our hands ? South. 
 
 \Ve'll mutually forget 
 The warmth of youth, and frowardness of age. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 Fro'wer. n. s. [I know not the etymo- 
 logy.] A cleaving tool. 
 
 Afrouer of iron for cleaving of lalh, 
 With roll fora sawpit, good husbandry hath. TuMcr. 
 
 To FROWN, v.a. [frogner, old Fr. to 
 wrinkle, Skinner.] To express displea- 
 sure by contracting the face to wrinkles ; 
 
 to look stern. 
 
 Say, that 4icfrowns ; I'll sav, she looks as clear 
 As nri rnins roses newly wash'cl with dew. Shak. 
 
 They cliuse their magistrate ; 
 And such a one as he, whc puts his shall. 
 His pojmlar shall, against a graver bench 
 Than t^ver found. Shahesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 How now, daughter, what makes that frontlet on ? 
 you are too much of late i' thejrou'n. 
 
 — Thou was a pretty fellow, when thnu hadst 
 no need to care for her frou-ning. Shak. King Lear, 
 
 Heroes in animated marble /luuii. Fope. 
 
 The wood. 
 Whose sbadv horrors on a rising brow 
 Wav'rt high," andfrouin'd upon the stream below, 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Frown, n. s. [from the verb.] A wrinkled 
 look ; a look of displeasure. 
 
 Patiently endure that/rmra of fortune, and by 
 soms notable exploit win again her favour./inote 
 
 In his half-clos'd eyes 
 Sttrn vengeance yet and hostile terror stand ; 
 Hii front yet threatens, and his /iou-iis command. 
 •' Prior. 
 
 Frowningly. adv. [from/rou-n.] Stern- 
 ly ; with a look of displeasure. 
 
 What, look'd he/rau>ning(i/? 
 — A countenance mure in sorrow than in anger. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 776
 
 F R U 
 
 Frowy. adj. Musty ; mossy. This word 
 is now not used ; but instead of it 
 frouzy. 
 
 But if thev with thy gotes should yede, 
 They soon might be corrupted ; 
 
 Or like not of ihe/nm u fede. 
 Or with the weeda be glutted. Spensfr'i Pastoralt. 
 
 Fro'zen'. pait. pass. o( freeze. 
 
 1. Congealed with cold. 
 
 What was the waste of war, what fierce alarms 
 Shook Asia's crown with European arms ? 
 Ev'n such have heard, if any such there be. 
 Whose earth is bouniled by the_/i-i):en sea.Dryrfen. 
 
 Fierce Boreas, with his offspring, issues forth 
 T' invade the frozen waggon of the North. Dryd. 
 
 A cheerful blaze arose, and by the tire 
 They warni'd their frccen feet, and dry'd their 
 wet attire. Dryden's Flower and Leaf. 
 
 2. Chill in affection. 
 
 Against whom was the fine/roten knight, frozen 
 in despair ; but his armour naturally representing 
 ice, and all his furniture lively answering thereto. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Be not ever frozen, coy ; 1 
 
 One beam of love will soon destroy r 
 
 And melt that ice to floods of joy. Carew. i 
 
 3. Void of heat or appetite. 
 
 Even here, where frozen chastity retires. 
 Love finds an altar for forbidden fires. Prye. 
 
 F. R. S. Fellow of the Roi/al Societt/. 
 
 Who virtu profess 
 Shine in the dignity of F. R. S. Pope. 
 
 Fructi'ferous. adj. [fructifer, Lat.] 
 Bearing fruit. Ainsw. 
 
 To FRUCTIFY, i'. a. [fructifUr, Fr.] 
 To make fruitful; to fertilise. 
 
 The legal levies the sovereign raises arc as va- 
 pours which the sun exhales, which fall down in 
 sweet showers io fructify the earth. 
 
 Hoa'ei'i Vocal Forest. 
 
 Where'er she looks, behold some sudden birth 
 Adorns the trees, andyrt<c£i^fs the earth. Granv. 
 
 To Fru'ctify. v. n. To bear fruit. 
 
 It watereth the heart, to the end it m^y fructify ; 
 malielh the virtuous, in trouble, full of magnani- 
 mity and courage ; and serveth as a most approved 
 renj'edv against all doleful and heavy accidents 
 which'befal men in this present life. Hooker. 
 
 Thus would there nolldng /rudi/i/, either near 
 or under them, the sun being horizontal to the 
 poles. Broun. 
 
 Fructifica'tion. n. s. [from fritctifff.] 
 The act of causing or of bearing fruit ; 
 fecundation ; fertility. 
 
 That the sap doih powerfully rise in the .Spring, 
 to put the plant in a capacity o( fructification, he 
 that hath beheld how many gallons ol water may 
 be drawn from a birch-tree, halh slender reason 
 to doubt. Brown's Vulg. Eir. 
 
 Fru'ctlols. tidj. [frucfiieiLr, Fr. from 
 fructify.'] Fruitful; fertile; impregna- 
 ting with fertility. 
 
 Apples of price, and plenteous sheaves of corn 
 Oft interlac'd occur ; and both imbibe 
 Fitting congenial juice, so rich the soil. 
 So much does^iuctiious moisture o'erabound '.Phil. 
 
 FRUGAL, adj. [frugalis, Lat. frugal, 
 Fr.] Thrifty; sparing; parsimonious; 
 not prodigal ; not profuse ; not lavish. 
 
 Reasoning, 1 oft admire. 
 How nature wise and frugal could commit 
 Such disproportions, with superfluous hand 
 So many nobler iiodies to create. 
 Greater so manifold to this one use. Milton. 
 
 And wing'd purveyors his sliarp hunger fed 
 VVith_/riija7 scraps of flesh and maslin bread. Horte. 
 
 if thriiui;h mists he shoots his sullen beams. 
 Frugal of li^ht, in loose and straggling streams, 
 Suspect a drisliug dav. Vruden's Virgil. 
 
 Frugally, ndv. [£rom frugal.] Parsimo- 
 niously ; sparingly ; thriftily. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 F R U 
 
 Mean time young Pasiniond his marriage press'd, 
 A.nd frugally resiilvd. tiie charge to shun, 
 ■I'o join his brother's bridal with his own. Dryden. 
 
 Frugality, n. s. [fnigali/r, Fr. fruga- 
 litas, Lat.] Thrift ; parsimony ; good 
 husbandry. 
 
 As for the general sort of men,/rHga/i(y tnay 
 be the cause of drinking water; for that is no 
 small saving, to pay nothing for one's drink. Bacon. 
 
 Frugality and bounty too. 
 Those diti'ring virtues, meet In you. Waller. 
 
 In ihis frugality u! vour | raises, some things 1 
 cannot omit. " 'Dryden's Fables, Dedication. 
 
 The boundaries of virtues arc indivisible lines : 
 it is impossible to march up close to the frontiers 
 u( frugality, without entering the territories of 
 parsimony. Arbutbnot's John Bull. 
 
 Frugi'ferous. adj. [frtigifer, Lat.] 
 Bearing fruit.. A'msworth. 
 
 FRUIT, n. s. [fructus, Lat. frwylh, 
 Welsh ; fruit, J" r.] 
 
 1. The product of a tree or plant in which 
 the seeds are contained. 
 
 The strawberry grows underneath the nettle. 
 And wholesome berries thrive aiid ripen best, 
 Neighbour'd by^rnil of baser quality. Shakesp. 
 
 2. That part of a plant which is taken for 
 food. 
 
 By tasting of thatyi-uit forbid. 
 Where t'hey sought knowledge, they did error 
 find. Dalies- 
 
 Site how the risine/ruils the gardens crown. 
 Imbibe the sun, and make his light their own. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 3. Production. 
 
 The fruit of the spirit is in all goodness and 
 righteousness, and truth. Ephes. v. 9. 
 
 4. The offspring of the •womb ; the young 
 of any animal. 
 
 Canst thou their reck'nings keep ? the time 
 compute, 
 When their swol'ii bellies shall enlarge the^i-uit. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 5. Advantage gained by any enterprise or 
 
 conduct 
 
 What is become of all the king of Sweden's 
 victories ? Where are the fruits of thein at this 
 day ? Or of what benefit will they be to posterity? 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Another fruit, from considering things in them- 
 selves, will" be, that each man will pursue his 
 thoughts in that method which will be most agree- 
 able to the nature of the thing, and to his appre- 
 hension of what it suggests to him. Locke. 
 
 6. The effect or consequence of any action. 
 
 She blushed when she considered the cHect of 
 grai;ting ; she was pale when she remembered the 
 fruits of denying. Sidney. 
 
 They shall eat of the ^ruit of their own way. 
 
 Prov. 
 
 Fru'itage. n. s. [fruitage, Fr.] Fruit 
 collectively ; various fruits. 
 In heav'n the trees 
 Of life ambrosial fruitage bear, and vines 
 Yield nectar. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Gri«dily Ihey pluck'd 
 The fruitage, fair to sight," like that which grew 
 Nca"r thatl)itumiuous lake where Sodom tlani'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 What is more onlinary with tliem than the tak- 
 ing in flowers and fruitage for li.e garnishing of 
 their work ' " iUore. 
 
 Fru'itbeareR. U.S. [fruit and bearer.] 
 That which pi oduces fruit. 
 
 Trees, especially _/)-iiil'!farfTs. are often infected 
 with the measles. " Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Fru'itbearing. adj. [fruit and bear.] 
 Having the quality of producing fruit. 
 
 By this way graft trees of ditferewt kinds one 
 on another, as Jruitbearing trees on those that bear 
 not. Mortimer. 
 
 F R U 
 
 Frui'terer. n.s. [fruitier, Fr.] On« 
 who trades in fruit. 
 
 I oid light with one Sampson Stockfish, a/nii<- 
 erer, behind Uray's-inn. .Shakesp Henry IV. 
 
 Walnuts the^ruit'rer'i hand in Autumn slain ; 
 Blue plumbs and juicy pears augment his gain. 
 
 Cay. 
 
 Fru'itery. n. *. [fruilerie, Fr.] 
 
 1. Fruit collectively taken. 
 
 Oft, notwithstanding all thy care 
 To help thy plants, on the small^'ruilery 
 Exempt from ills, an oriental blast 
 Disastrous flies. Philif$. 
 
 2. A fruit-loft ; a repository for fruit. 
 Frui'tful. adj. [fruit ami full.] 
 
 1. Fertile ; abundantly productive ; liberal 
 of vegetable product. 
 
 If vhe continued cruel, he could no more sustain 
 his life than the earth remain fruitful in tlie sun's 
 continual absence. Sidney, 
 
 The Earth, 
 Though in comparison of Heav'n, so small. 
 Nor glist'ring, may of solid good contain 
 More plenty than the sun that barren shines. 
 Whose virtue on itself works no eflfect. 
 But in the/ruityii( earth. MUtan. 
 
 2. Actually bearing fruit. 
 
 Adonis' gardens. 
 That one day bloom'd, and fruitful were the next. 
 
 Shaketp. 
 
 3. Prolifick ; chiidbearing ; not barren. 
 
 Hear, Nature, hear ! dear goddess, hear a father! 
 Suspend thy purpose, if thou did'st intend 
 To make this crcature^'riitt/iJ; 
 Int(* lier womb conve3' sterility. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Male he created thee, but tfiy consort 
 Female for race ; then bless'd n.ankind, and said, 
 lie fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth ; 
 Subdue it. and throughout dominion hold. Millon. 
 
 I have copied Nature, making the youths amor- 
 ous and the darasels/r»i(/u/. Gay. 
 
 4. Plenteous ; abounding in any thing. 
 
 While you, my lord, the rural sliades admire. 
 And from Britannia's publick posts retire, 
 3Ie into foreign realms my fate conveys. 
 Through nations /'ru((/u/ of immortal lays. Addisffn, 
 
 Fru'itfully. adr. [from fruitful.] 
 
 1. In such a manner as to be prolifick. 
 
 How sacred seeds of sea, and air, and earth. 
 And purer fire through universal night. 
 And empty space ilid fruitfully unite. fioscomiiwii. 
 
 2. Plenteously ; abundantly. 
 
 You have many opportunities to cut him off; if 
 your will want not, time and place will h» fruit- 
 fully ollered. Shakesp. 
 Fniitfully abound. Dryden. 
 
 Fru'itfulness. n.s. [(rom fruitful.] 
 
 1 . Fertility ; fecundity ; plentiful produc- 
 tion. 
 
 Neither can we ascribe the same fruitfulnesa to 
 any part of the earth, nor the same virtue to any 
 pl.int thereon growin^:, that they had before the 
 flood. " tlaleigh's History. 
 
 2. The quality of being prolifick, or bear- 
 ing many children. 
 
 the goddess, present at the match she made. 
 So bless'd the bed, such /"niij/ii(n«ss convey 'd. 
 That ere ten moons had sliarpen'd either horn. 
 To crown their bliss, a lovely boy was born. Ihyd. 
 
 3. Exuberant abundance. 
 
 The remedy uffruiljulncs is easy, but no labour 
 will help the "contrary : 1 will like and praise some 
 things in a young writer, which yet, if he conti- 
 nues iu, I cannot but justly hale him for. 
 
 'Ben Jontcni's Discoitnes. 
 
 Fru'itgroves. «. s. [Jruil and o-rorci.] 
 Shades, or close plantations of fruit 
 trees. 
 
 The faithful slave. 
 Whom to my nuptial train Icarius gave. 
 To tend tbefruitgroees. Pope's Odyssty. 
 
 oG -711
 
 F R U 
 
 FRUITION, n. s. [fruor, Lat.] Enjoy- 
 ment ; possession ; pleasure given by 
 possession or use. 
 
 Man dntii nut seem to rest satisfied either with 
 fridiion of that wherewith his life is preserved, or 
 'with performance of such actions as advance iiim 
 raost deservedly inestiuiatinn. Hooker. 
 
 I am driv'n, "by breath of her renown, 
 Either to seeli shipwreck, or to arrive 
 Where 1 may baxe fruition of her Inve. iShakesp. 
 
 God riches and renown to men imparts, 
 Ev'n all they wish ; and 3'et their narrow hearts 
 Cannot so great a fluency receive, 
 But their fruition to a stranger leave. Sandys. 
 
 Wit once, like beauty, without art or dress. 
 Naked and unadorned, could tind success ; 
 'Till by fruition, novelty destroyed. 
 The nymph must find new charms to be enjoy 'd. 
 
 Granvills. 
 
 AfHiction generally disables a man from pursu- 
 ing tliose vices in which the guilt of men consists : 
 if the affliction be on his bodv, his appetites are 
 weakened, and capacity oi fruition destrnyed. 
 
 Uo^ers's Sermons. 
 
 Fru'itive. adj. [ftiom the noun.] Eiijoy- 
 injT ; possessing ; having the power of 
 enjoyment. A word not legitimate. 
 
 To whet our longings for fruitine or experimen- 
 tal knowledge, it is reserved among tlie preroga- 
 tives of being in heaven, to know how happy we 
 shall be, when there. Boyle. 
 
 Fru'itless. adj. [from/)-«i7.] 
 
 1 . Barren of fruit ; not bearing fruit. 
 
 The Spaniards of Mexico, for the first forty 
 vears, could not make our kind of wheat bear 
 seed ; but it grew up as high as the trees, and was 
 fruitless. Raleigh's History. 
 
 2. Vain ; productive of no advantage ; idle ; 
 unprofitable. 
 
 O ! let me not, quoth he, return again 
 Back to the world, whose joys so/rt/iti€ss are ; 
 
 But let me here for ay in peace remain. 
 Or straightway ou that last long voyage fare. 
 
 Spenser- 
 
 Serpent ! we might have spar'd our coming 
 hither ; 
 Fruitless to me, though fruit be here t' excess. ilf iff. 
 
 The other is for entirely waving alt searches into 
 antiquity, in relation to this controversy, as being 
 cither needless or fruitless. Waterland. 
 
 3. Having no offspring. 
 
 Upon ray head they plac'd A fruitless crown. 
 And put a barren sceptre in ray gripe ; 
 No son of mine succeeding. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Fru'itlessly. adv. [from J'ruitkss.] 
 Vainly ; idly ; unprofitably. 
 
 After this fruit curiosity /'n/i(/e«it/ enquireth, 
 and confidence blindly determineth. Browii. 
 
 Walking they talk'd, andyriat/cw/y divin'd 
 What friend the priestess by those words de«ign'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fru'it-TIMK, n, s, [fruit and time.] The 
 Autumn ; the time for gathering fruit. 
 
 Fru'ittree. n. s. [fruit and tree.] A tree 
 of that kind whose principal value arises 
 from the fruit produced by it. 
 
 Ladv, by yonder blessed moon 1 vow. 
 That tips wit)i silver all these fruittree tops. Shak. 
 
 I'hey possessed houses full of all goods, wells 
 digged, vineyards and oliveyards, and fmittrees 
 in abundance. Neh. ix. 25. 
 
 All with a border of rich /ruittrees crown'd. 
 Whose loaded branches hide the lofty mound. 
 
 Tl'a//ei-. 
 
 Frumenta'cious. adj. [froxn frumentum, 
 Lat.] Made of grain. Diet. 
 
 Frume'nty. 71. s. [frumentum, corn, Lat.] 
 Food uiade of wheat boiled in milk. 
 
 To Frump. i». a. To mock ; to browbeat. 
 Skinner. Ainsworth. 
 
 P R U 
 
 To Frush. ». n. [froisser, Fr.] To break, 
 bruise, or crush. Hanmer. 
 
 I like thy armour well ; 
 Tlljnish it, and tnilock the rivets all. 
 But I'll be master of it. Shakesp. 
 
 Frush. n. s. [from the verb.] A sort of 
 tender horn that grows in the middle of 
 the sole, and at some distance froin the 
 toe : it divides into two branches, run- 
 ning towards the heel, in the form of a 
 fork. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Frustr.a'neous. adj. [fnisli'a, Lat.] 
 Vain ; useless ; unprofitable ; without 
 advantage. 
 
 Their attempts being so frustraneous, and the 
 demonstrations to the contrary so perspicuous, it 
 is a marvel that any man should be zealously af- 
 fected in a cause that has neither truth nor any 
 honest usefulness in it. More. 
 
 He timely withdraws his frustraneous baflicd 
 kindnesses, and sees the folly of endeavouring to 
 stroke a tyeer into a lamb, or to court an Ktliio- 
 pian out of his colour. South. 
 
 To FRUSTRATE. v,a. [frusfror, Lat. 
 frustreVj Fr.] 
 
 1 . To defeat ; to disappoint ; to baulk. 
 
 It is an axiom of nature, that natural desire can- 
 not utterly he frustrate. Hooker. 
 
 I survive. 
 To mock tlie expectations of the world ; 
 To ffustrate propliecies, and to raze out 
 Rittten opinion. Shakesp Henru IV. 
 
 Stern louk'd the fiend, as frustrate of his will ; 
 Not half suffic'd, and greefly yet to kill. Dryden. 
 
 Not more almight^^ to resist our might, 
 Than wise to fnistrate all our plots and wiles. Jli/i. 
 
 2. To make null ; to nullify. 
 
 The act of parliament which gave all his lands 
 to the queen, did cut off and Jn«(ra(e all such 
 conveyances. Spetiser. 
 
 Now thou hast aveng'd 
 Supplanted Adam ; and by vanquishing 
 Temptation, hast regain'd lost paradise. 
 And frustrated the conquest fraudulent. Milton, 
 
 The peculiar strength of the motive may of it- 
 self perhaps contribute to frustrate the efficacy of 
 it, rendering it liable to ue suspected by iiini to 
 whom it is addressed. Atterhury. 
 
 Fru'strate. participial adj, [from the 
 verb.] 
 
 1. Vain ; ineffectual ; useless ; unprofitable, 
 
 He is drown'd 
 Whom thus we stray to find, and the sea mocks 
 Our frustrate search on land. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The ruler of the province of Judea being by 
 Julian busied in the re-edifying of this temple, 
 flaming balls of fire issuing near the foundation, 
 and oft consuming the workmen, made the enter- 
 puze frustrate. Raleigh's History. 
 
 All at once employ their thronging darts ; 
 But out of order thrown, in air they join. 
 And multitude raakes_/rus(rate the design. Dr]/den. 
 
 2. Null; void. 
 
 Few things are so restrained to any one end or 
 purpose, that, the same being extinct, they should 
 forthwith utterly become frustrate. Hooker. 
 
 Frustration, n, s. [ fi-ust ratio, Lat. 
 from frustrate.] Disappointment; de- 
 feat. 
 
 In states notoriously irreligious, a secret and ir- 
 resistible power countermands their deepest pro- 
 jects, splits their counsels, and smites their raost 
 refined policies v/\thfrustration and a curse. South. 
 
 Fru'strative. adj. [from frustrate.] Fal- 
 lacious ; disappointing. Ainswortk. 
 Fru'stratory. adj. [from frustrate.] 
 That which makes any procedure void ; 
 that which vacates any former process. 
 Bartolus restrains this to afrustratory appeal. 
 
 Ayi 
 
 F U B 
 
 FRUSTUM, n. s. [Lat.] A piece cut off 
 
 from a regular figure. A term of science. 
 
 Fry. n. s. [from /roe foam, Dan. Skinner.] 
 
 1. The swarm of little fishes just pro- 
 duced from the spawn. 
 
 They come to us, but as love draws ; 
 He jwallows us, and never chaws ; 
 By' him, as by chain'd shot, whole ranksdo die ; 
 He is the tyrant pike, and we the fry. Donne. 
 
 Forthwith the sounds and seas, each creek and 
 bay. 
 With fry inimmerable swarra, and shoals 
 Of fish, that with their fins and shining scales 
 Glide under the green wave in sculls, tnat oft 
 Bank the mid-sea. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 The angler had the liap to draw up a very little 
 fish from among the fry. L' Estrange. 
 
 So close behiud some promontory lie 
 The huge leviathans, tatlend their prey ; 
 
 And give no chace, but swallow in thejry. 
 Which through their gaping jaws mistake the way. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Any swarm of animals ; or young peo- 
 ple in contempt. 
 
 Out of theory of these rakehell horseboys, 
 growing up in kiravery and villainy, are their kern 
 continually supplied and maintained. Speni. on IreL 
 
 Them before the/i-y of children young. 
 Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play. 
 And to the maidens sounding timbrels suiig. 
 
 Fairy Q. 
 
 Draw rae no constellations there. 
 Nor dog nor goat, nor bull nor bear ; 
 Nor any of that monstrous fry 
 Of animals that stock the skv. Oldham. 
 
 The young fry must be held at a distance, and 
 kept under the discipline of contempt. Collier. 
 
 Fry, n. s. A kind of sieve. 
 
 He dresseth the dust from malt, by running it 
 through a fan or fry. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To FRY. I', a. [ frigo. Lat. ffrio, Welsh ; 
 frijck, Erse.] To dress food by roast- 
 ing it in a pan on the fire. 
 
 To Fry. v. n, 
 
 1 . To be roasted in a pan on the fire. 
 
 2. To suffer the action of fire. 
 
 So when with crackling flames a cauldron/ne». 
 The bubbling waters from the bottom rise ; 
 Above the brims they force their fiery way. 
 Black vapours climb aloft, and cloud the day. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To melt with heat. 
 
 Spices and gums about them melting fry, 
 And, phenix like, in that rich nest they die. Waller. 
 
 4. To be agitated like hquor in the pan on 
 
 the fire. 
 
 Oil of sweet almonds, newly drawn with sugar, 
 
 and a little spice, spread upon bread toasted, is an 
 excellent nourisher ; but then, to keep the oil 
 from frvine in the stomacli, driuk mild beer after 
 it. •' - ^ Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Where no ford he finds, no water fries. 
 Nor billows with unequal murnmrs roar. 
 But smoothly slide along, and swell the shoar, 
 That course he steer'd. Dryden's M.neid. 
 
 Fry. n. s. [from the verb.] A dish of 
 
 things fried. 
 Fry'ingpan. n. s. [fry and pan.] The 
 vessel in which meat is roasted on the fire. 
 If 1 pass by sea, 1 may chance to fall from the 
 frtiingpan into the fire. Hotel's Vocal Forest. 
 
 "We understand by out of the /rvijijfiuti into the 
 fire, that things go from bad to worse. L' Estrange. 
 A freeman of London has the privilege of dis- 
 turbing a whole street with the twanking of a 
 brass kettle or afryingpan. Addison. 
 
 To FUB. r. a. To put off; to delay by false 
 pretences ; to cheat. It is generally 
 written fob. See Fob. 
 
 A hundred mark is a long lo for a poor lone 
 woman to bear ! and I have borne, and borne, and 
 borne, and have been fubb'd oft' and fubb'd olt 
 
 778
 
 FUG 
 
 from this day to tliat day, that it is a shame to be 
 thought on. Stiaktsp. Hen. IV. 
 
 Fi:b. n. s. A plump chubby boy. Ainsw. 
 
 Fu'CATED. adj. [Jacafus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Painted; disguised with paint. 
 
 2. Disguised by false show. 
 
 FUCUS. n,s. [Lat.] Paint for the face. 
 Not now in use. 
 
 Women chat 
 Offuciis this, arid fnctis that. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Those who paint fur debauchery should liave tlie 
 fticus pulled uW, aud the coarseness underneath 
 
 'discovered. Collier. 
 
 To Fuddle, r. a. [Of unknown etj'mo- 
 
 logy.] To make drunk. 
 
 The table fioaliug round. 
 And pavement faithless to ibe fuddled (eei.Thoms. 
 
 To Fi/ddle. r. n. To drink to excess. 
 Men wiJl be whoring aadJuddUng on still. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 FUEL. H. s. [from feti fire, Fr.] The 
 matter or aliment of fire. 
 This shall be burning mid fuel of fire. Is. ix. 5. 
 This spark will prove a raging fire. 
 If wind and fuel be brought to feed it with. Shak. 
 Mov'd by my charms, witli them your love may 
 cease ; 
 And as the fuel sinks, the flame decrease. Prior. 
 
 To Fu'el. r. ff, [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To feed fire with combustible matter. 
 
 And yet she cannot waste b}- this. 
 Nor long endure this turturiui^ wrong ; 
 
 For more corruption needless is, 
 To fuel such a fever lonsr- Vffnne. 
 
 Never, alas ! the dreadful name 
 That /ueis the infernal flame. Cowley. 
 
 The fuel' d chimney blazes wide. Thomson. 
 
 2. To store with firing. 
 
 Some are plainl\' (economical, as that the sea be 
 well watered, aud welI/ite//tJ. Wotton's Architect. 
 
 FVE'ILLEMORTE. n.s. [Fr.] Cor- 
 ruptly pronounced and written philomot. 
 Futilleniorte colour signifies the colour 
 of withered leaves in Autumn. 
 
 Figa'cious. adj. [fiiga.r, fugacis, Lat.] 
 Volatile. 
 
 FuGA'ciousNESS. n. s. [ fugax, Lat.] Vo- 
 latilitj- ; the qualitj' of flying away. 
 
 FiGA'ciTV. n.s. [fugax, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Volatility ; quality of flying away. 
 
 Spirits and sails, wliich, hy their f'ugacity, co- 
 lour, smell, taste, and divers eiperinients that I 
 ptirpofelv made to examine tliem, were like the 
 salt and spirit of urtiie and scot. Boyle. 
 
 2. Uncertainty ; instability. 
 
 FuGH. inter j. [perhaps from (ph.] An ex- 
 pression of abhorrence. Commonly foh. 
 A verj filthy fellow : liow odiously he smells of 
 his country garlick ! fugh, how he stinks of Spain! 
 DrydeiVs Doii Sebastian. 
 
 FU GITIVE. adj. [ fugitif, Fr. fvgitivus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Not tenable ; not to be held or detained. 
 
 Our idea of infinity is a growing and fugitive 
 idea, still in a boundless progression, that can 
 stop no where. " Locke. 
 
 Happiness, object of tliat waking dream, 
 Which we call life, mistakinj; : fugitive theme 
 Of ray pursutni: verse, idea! shade, 
 National good, by fancy only made. Prior _ 
 
 2. Unsteady ; unstable ; not durable. 
 S. Volatile ; apt to fly away. 
 
 The more tender and fugitive parts, llie leaves, 
 of many of the more sturdy vegetables, fall off for 
 want of the supply from beneath : those only 
 which are more tenacious, making a shift to subsist 
 without such recruit. Ilnidudrti's .Va(. Hist. 
 
 4. Flying ; running from danger. 
 
 F U L 
 
 Whilst yet with Parthian blood thy sword iB 
 warm. 
 The fugiur< Parthians (uWovr.Shak. Ant. and CUojk 
 
 I'he Trojan chief 
 Thriceyua-itite about Troy wall. Milton 
 
 5. Flying from duly ; falling off. 
 
 Can ayuw^i/ire daughter enjoy herself, while her 
 p<irents are in tears ? Clarissa. 
 
 6. Wandering ; runnagate ; vagabond. 
 
 T!ie most malicious surmise was count*Tianced 
 by a libellous pamphlet of a fugitive plivsician. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 Fu'gitive. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. One who runs from his station or duty. 
 
 Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, 
 best servants, but not always best subjects; fur 
 they are light to run away, and nlmo»t all fugi- 
 tives are f»f that condition. Bacon. 
 
 Back to thy punishment, 
 False _/w^itiir .' and to lljy speed add wings, 
 Jjest with a whip of scorpions I pursue 
 Thy ling'rine. ^liltons Par. host. 
 
 We understand by some fugitives that he bath 
 commanded 
 The generals to return with victory, or expect 
 A shameful death. 'Denham's Sophy. 
 
 2. One who takes shelter under another 
 power from pimishment. 
 
 Too many, being men of good inheritance, are 
 fled beyond the seas, where they live underprinces 
 which are her majesty's professed enemies ; and 
 converse and are confederates with other tray tors 
 and /'u^iriifs there abiding. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Your royal highness is too great and too just, 
 either to want or to receive the homage of rebel- 
 lious fugitives. Dryden. 
 
 3. One hard to be caught or detained. 
 
 What muse but his can Nature's beauties hit, 
 Or catch that airy fugitive, call'd wit. Hartc. 
 
 Fu'gitiveness. n.s. [from fugitive.] 
 
 1. Volatility ; fugacity. 
 
 That divers salt, emerging upon the analysis of 
 many concretes, are very volatile, is plain from 
 the fugitiveness of salt and of hartshorn attending 
 in distillation. Boyle. 
 
 2. Instability ; uncertainty. 
 
 FUGUE, n. s. [Fr. from fuga, Lat.] In 
 musick, some point consisting of four, 
 five, six, or any other number of notes 
 begun by some one single part, and then 
 seconded by a third, fourth, fifth and 
 sixth part, if the composition consists of 
 so many ; repeating the same or such 
 like notes, so that the several parts fol- 
 low, or come in one after another in the 
 same manner, the leading parts still fly- 
 ing before those that follow. Harris. 
 
 The reports and fugues have an agreement with 
 the figures in rhctorick of repetition and traduc- 
 tion. Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 
 The skilful organist plies his grave and fancied 
 descant in lofty fugues. MiUon on Education. 
 
 His volant touch 
 Instinct through all proportions, low and high, 
 Fled, and pursu'd transverse the resonant /uo-k?. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Long has a race of heroes fill'd the stage, 
 That rant by note, and through ihe gamut rage ; 
 In songs and nirs express their martial fire, 
 Combat in trills, and in a fugue expire. Addison. 
 
 Fu'lcimen T. n. s. [ fulcimtn, fulcinun- 
 tuaif Lat] That on which a body rests, 
 which acts or is acted upon at each end, 
 as a balance or a lever. 
 
 The power that equiponderates with any weight, 
 must have the same proportion unto il, as there is 
 betwixt their several distances from the centre or 
 fulciment. Wilkitis. 
 
 To Fulfi'l. va. [fall and Jill.] 
 1. To fill till there is no room for more. 
 This sense is now not used. 
 
 F u L 
 
 Six gates i' lb' city, with ntassy staples. 
 And curresponsive andfulJtUij^ bolls, 
 Sparre up tlie sons of Truy .Hhakesp.TToil and-CrtiS, 
 
 2. To answer any prophecy or promise by 
 performance. 
 
 They knew him not, nor yet the voices cf liie 
 
 fjrophets which are read every sabbath-day, Ibey 
 iuve futtilled ihem in condemning him.. -If-fjxiii. -^. 
 
 Tlie fury balJi'd thera in each other's bluod ; 
 Tlieu, having fu'd the fii;ht, exulting Hies, 
 And bears f'ulfiUed her promise to the skies. iVt/a. 
 
 3. To answer any purpose or design. 
 
 Here nature ieemsfulJiU'd in all her ends. 
 
 Milton's Faradise Lost. 
 
 ■i. To answer any design by compliance or 
 gratification. 
 
 If on my wounded breast thou drop'st a tear, 
 Think for whose sake my breast that wound di J 
 
 bear; 
 And faithfully my last desires/uWf, 
 As I perform my cruel father's wTll. Dryden'iOvid. 
 5. To answer any law by obedience. 
 
 Love worketh no ill to his neighbour, therefore 
 love is thefulfitling of the law, Rom. xiii. 10. 
 
 This 1 my glory acc(>unt 
 My exaltation, and my whole delight, 
 Tliat thou in me well-pleas'd declar'st thy will 
 FulJilVd, which tofuljil is all my bliss. ' JUt^n. 
 
 FuLFRAUGHT. adj. {full and fraught.] 
 
 Fully stored. 
 
 Thy fall hath left a kind of blot 
 To mark ihe futf'raught man, the best endu'd, 
 With some suspicion. ShaJtesp. Henry V. 
 
 Fu'lgency. n. s. [fulgens, Lat.] Splen 
 dour ; glitter. Diet. 
 
 Fulgent, adj. [fulgens, Lat.] Shining; 
 dazzling; exquisitely bright. 
 
 As from a clowd his fulgent head, 
 And shape ster-bright, appear d. Milton's Par. Lest. 
 The illumination is not so bright and fulgent as 
 to obscure or extinguish all perceptibility of rea- 
 son. More's Divine Dial. 
 
 FU'LGID. adj. [fulgidus, Lat.] Shining; 
 glittering ; dazzling. 
 
 FuLGlDlTV. n. i. [irom fulgid.] Splen- 
 dour ; dazzling glitter. Diet. 
 
 Fu'lgour. n. s. [fulgor, Lat.] Splen- 
 dour ; dazzling brightness like that of 
 lightning. 
 
 Glow-worms alive project a lustre in the dark; 
 which fulgour, notwithstanding, ceaseth after 
 death. Broun. 
 
 When 1 set ray eyes on this side of things, there 
 shines f.oni them such an intellectual _/u/^our, that 
 niethinks tlie very glory of the Deity becomes vi- 
 sible through thcin. Mort. 
 
 Fulgura'tion. n. s. [fulguratio, Lat.] 
 
 The act of lightening. 
 
 Fr'LHAM. n.s. A cant word for false 
 
 dice. Hanmer. 
 
 Let vultures gripe tliy guts, for gourd and 
 
 Tuiham's hold. 
 
 -And hieh and low beguile the rich and poor^SAoA. 
 
 Fuliginous, adj. [fuligineux-se, Fr. ^a- 
 liginosiis, Lat.] Sooty ; smoky. 
 
 Burrage hath an eiccllent spirit to repress the 
 
 fuligitu'sus vapours of dusky melanclioly, and jo 
 
 'cure madness. Bacon. 
 
 \Vhereas historv should be the torch of truth, 
 
 he makes her in "divers places a fuliginous link cf 
 
 lies. Hoicel. 
 
 Fu'limart. n. s. [This word, of ■which 
 
 Skinnir observes that he found it only 
 
 in this passage, seems to mean the same 
 
 with^ofl?.] A kind of stinking feriPt. 
 
 The fichat, ihe fulinart. and the ferret, li*"- 
 
 upon the face, aiidwilhiii the bowels of the earth. 
 
 Walton's Atigicr. 
 
 FULL. adj. fciille. Sax. vol, Dut.] 
 
 779
 
 F U L 
 
 1. Replete ; without vacuity ; having no 
 space void. 
 
 Better is an handful with quietness, than botli 
 the hands full with travel and vexation of spirit, 
 
 F.ccL \v. 6. 
 Valley full of chariots. Isaiah. 
 
 The trees of the Lord arc full of sap. Psalms. 
 Where all must full or not coherent be. Pope. 
 
 2. Abounding in any quality good or bad. 
 
 With pretence from Strephon her to guard. 
 He met her /ii//, but^'«/i of warefulness. Sidney. 
 
 You sliouid tread a course 
 Pretty and JWi of view. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Pcjflinvers, who make themselves as trumpets 
 of the cointnendation of tliose they follow, are full 
 of inconvenience ; they taint business through 
 want of secrecy, and export honour from a nuin, 
 and make him a return in envy. Bacon. 
 
 That must be our cure, 
 To be no more ; sad cure ; for who would lose, 
 Though fuil of pain, this intellectual being. 
 Those thoughts that wander tlirough eternity ? 
 
 Milton. 
 Gay religion'sj^ii of pomp and gold. Milton. 
 In tliat sweet season, as in bed 1 lay, 
 1 turn'd my weary side, but still in vain, 
 Though /ua of youthful health and void of pain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 He is /'«// of wants which he cannot supply, and 
 compassed about with infirmities whicli he cannot 
 remove. Tillotson. 
 
 From yon bright heaven our author fetch'd his 
 fire. 
 And paints the passions that your eyes inspire ; 
 Full of that flame, his tender scenes lie warms. 
 And frames his goddess by ycnir matchless charms. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 3. Stored witli any thing ; well supplied 
 ■with any thing. 
 
 Full of days wa? he ; 
 Two ages past, he liv'd the third to sec. Tickil. 
 
 4*. Plump ; saginatcd ; fat. 
 
 A gentleman of a full body having broken liis 
 skin by a fall, the wound inflamed. WisemansSurg. 
 
 5. Saturated ; sated. 
 
 I am J nil of the burnt ollVrings of rams, ha, i. 11. 
 
 The alteration of scenes feeds and relieves the 
 
 eye, before it be Jnll of the same object. Bacon. 
 
 6. Crowded with regard to the imafjination 
 or memory. 
 
 Every one is full of the miracles done by cold 
 baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke. 
 
 7. That which fills or makes full ; large ; 
 great in effect. 
 
 Water digesteth a full meal sooner than any 
 liquor. Arbuthno't. 
 
 8. Complete ; such as that nothing further 
 is desired or wanted. 
 
 That ilay had seen the /it// accomplisliment 
 Of all his travels. Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 What remains, ye gods, 
 But up and enter now \nio full bliss? Milton. 
 
 Being tried at that time only with a promise, he 
 gave yiW/ credit to that prouii'-e, and still gave 
 evidence of his fidelity as fast as occasions were 
 offered. Hammojid's Pract, Catechism. 
 
 The resurrection of Jesus from tlie dead }iath 
 given the v,oTldfuU assurance of another life.Ti//. 
 
 9. Complete without abatement ; at the 
 utmost degree. 
 
 At the end of two full years Pharaoh dreamed. 
 
 Gaiesis. 
 
 Afrerhard riding plunge the horses into Wiiter, 
 and allow them to drnik as they please : but gal- 
 lop them full speed, to warm the water in their 
 bellies. Swift. 
 
 1 0. Containing the whole matter ; express- 
 ing much. 
 
 WJiere my expressions are not so full as h'xs, 
 either our language or my art were defective ; but 
 where mine arc fuller tlmn his, they are hut ihe 
 impressions which the often reading "of him have 
 left upon my thoughts. Denham. 
 
 Sliouid a man go about with never so set study 
 
 F U L 
 
 to describe such a natural form of the year before 
 the deluge as that which is at present established, 
 he could scarcely do it in so few wtwds, so fit and 
 proper, so /'u// and express. Woodward. 
 
 11. Strong; not faint; not attenuated. 
 
 I did never know so full a voice issue from so 
 empty a heart j but the empty vessel makes the 
 greatest sound. Shakesp. 
 
 Barrels placed under the floor of a chamber, 
 make all noises in the same more full and resound- 
 ing. Bacmi's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Dryden taught to join 
 Tlie varying verse, the Jull resounding line. Pope. 
 
 12. Mature ; perfect. 
 
 In the sultanry of the Mamalukes, slaves reign- 
 ed over families of free men ; and much like were 
 the case, if you suppose a nation, wliere the cus- 
 tom were tliat after J'u// age the sons should ex- 
 pulse their fathers out of their possessions. Bacon. 
 
 So law appears imperfect, and but given 
 V\'ith purpose to resign them in full lime 
 Up to a better covenant. Milton. 
 
 These thoughts 
 Full counsel must mature. MUton. 
 
 13. [Applied to the moon.] Complete in 
 its orb. 
 
 Towards the full moon, as he was coming home 
 one morning he felt his legs faulter. IViseman. 
 
 14?. Not continuous, or a full stop. 
 
 Therewith he ended, makmg a. full point of a 
 hearty sigh. Sidney. 
 
 15. Spread to view in all dimensions. 
 
 'Till about the end of the third century, I do 
 not remember to liavc seen the head of a Roman 
 emperor drawn with a. Jull face : they always ap- 
 pear in profile. Addison on Medah. 
 
 Full. w. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. Complete measure ; freedom from defi- 
 ciency. 
 
 When we return, 
 
 "We'll see those thinL'S aiTccted to the full. Shakesp. 
 
 He liked the pomp and absolute authority of a 
 general well, and preserved the dignity of it to 
 the full. Clarendon. 
 
 The picture of Ptolemy Philopater h given by 
 authors to l\\e full. Dryden. 
 
 Sicilian tortures and the brazen bull, 
 Are emblems, rather than express the full 
 Of what he feels. Dryden s Pers. 
 
 If where the rules not far enough extend. 
 Some lucky licence answer to the full 
 Th' intent nropos'd, that licence is a rule. Pope. 
 
 2. The highest stale or degree. 
 
 The swnn's down feather. 
 That stands upon the swell at full of tide, 
 Neitlier way inclines. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
 
 3. The whole ; the total. 
 
 The khig hat!i won, and hath sent out 
 A speedv pow'r to encounter yon, my lord : 
 This is the news at full. Shakesp. Hen, IV. 
 
 But what at full \ know, thou know'st no part ; 
 I knowing all my peril, thou no art, Shakesp. 
 
 4-. The state ot' being satiated. 
 
 When I had ki\ them to the full. Jer, y. 7. 
 
 5. [Applied to the moon.] The time in 
 Avhich the moon makes a perfect orb. 
 
 Brains in rabbits, woodcocks, and calves, are 
 fullest in the full of the moon. 
 
 Baco7i's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Full, adv, 
 
 1 . Without abatement or diminution. 
 
 He/»/i 
 Resi)lendent all his Father manifest 
 Express'd. Milton. 
 
 lu the unity of place they arc /it/^ as scrupu- 
 lous ; which many of their eriticks limit to that 
 very spot of ground where the play is supposed 
 to Begin. Dryden. 
 
 A modest blush she. wears, not form'd by art; 
 Free from deceit his face, andfullas free his heart. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Tlie most judicious writer is sometimes mistaken 
 after all his care ; but the hasty crilick, who 
 judges on a view, is full as liable to be deceived. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 lull 01 wareiulnes3.i5idn«i/. 
 % the bull, J 
 
 ead a'mmig full, i 
 
 ending pierC'd the skull. C 
 Dryden. J 
 
 F U L 
 
 Since you may 
 Siupect ray courage, if I should not lay 
 The pawn I proffer shall be/uiias good. 
 
 Dryden t VirgU. 
 
 2. With the whole efFect. 
 
 'T'ls the pencil, thrown luckily yu/i upon the 
 horse's mouth to express the foam, which the pain- 
 ter, with all his skill, could not perform without 
 it. Dryden^s Diifresnoy. 
 
 From harmony, from heavenly liarmony. 
 This universal frame began : 
 
 From harmony to harmony, 
 Throu^ii ail tlic compass of tlie notes it ran 
 The diapason closing /u// in man. Dryden. 
 
 3. Exactly. 
 
 Full in the centre of the sacred wood. 
 An arm ariseth of the Stygian flood. Addison. 
 
 Full nineteen sailors did the ship convey, 
 A sholc of nineteen dolpliins round her play. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 i. Directly. 
 
 He met her/u/(, but full of warefulness. Sidney. 
 He then confronts the bull. 
 And on his ample forehea 
 The deadly stroke desceiu 
 
 At Icnpth resolv'd, he throws with all his force 
 Full at the temples of the warrior horse. Dryden^ 
 
 5. It is placed before adverbs and adjec- 
 tives, to intend or strengthen their sig- 
 nification. 
 
 Tell me why on your shieM, so goodly scor'd. 
 Bear ye the picture of that lady's head ? 
 Full lively is the semblant, though the substance 
 dead. Spenser, 
 
 I was set at work 
 Among my maids ; full little, God knows, looking 
 Either for such men or such business. Shakesp. 
 Full well ye reject the commandment. 
 
 Mar. vii. 9. 
 Adam was all in tears, and to his guide 
 Lamenting turn'd fu/i sad. MiUtms Far. Lost. 
 
 You full little think that you must he the be- 
 ginner nf the discourse yourself. More's Divine Dial. 
 Full little thought v( liim the gentle knight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Full well tlie god his sister's envy knew, 
 And what her aims :ind what her arts pursue.Dri/d. 
 'J'hcre is a perquisite ^/it/i as honest, by which 
 you have the best part of a bottle of wine for 
 yourself. Swift. 
 
 Full is much used in composition to inti- 
 mate any thing arrived at its highest 
 state, or utmost degree. 
 Full-blown, adj. [ fitl I and bloivn.'] 
 ) . Spread to the utmost extent, as a per- 
 fect blossom. 
 
 Mv glories are past danger ; they're full-blown: 
 Things, that are blasted, are but in the bud. Denh. 
 
 My fult-hloun youth already fades apace ; 
 Of our short bein'g 'tis tlie shortest space! Dryden. 
 
 2. Stretched by the wind to the utmost 
 extent. 
 
 He who with bold Cratinus is inspir'd, 
 Wilh zeal and equal indignation fir'd ; 
 Who at enormous vilhiny turns pale. 
 And steers against it wilh a.full-hluwn sail. Dryden. 
 
 Full-bo'ttomed. adj. [ftillandbottom.] 
 Having a large bottom. 
 
 I was obliged to sit at home in my morning- 
 gown, having pawned a new suit of cloaths and a 
 full-biHtomed wig for a sum of money. Guardian. 
 
 Full-ea'red. adj. [full and ear.] Having 
 the heads full of grain. 
 
 As flames roll'd by the winds conspiring force. 
 O'er full-ear'd corn, or torrents raging course. 
 
 Deyibam. 
 
 Full-ey'ed. adj. [full and eye.] Having 
 
 large prominent eyes. 
 Full-fed. adj. [full and fed.] Sated ; 
 
 fat ; saginated. 
 All as a partridge plump, full-fed and faif. 
 
 She form'd this image uf well bodied air Popt. 
 
 780
 
 F U L 
 
 Foll-la'den. adj. [full and laden.] La- 
 den 'till there can be no more added. 
 
 It were unfit that so excellent a rewiird as the 
 Gospel promises should stoop Huwn, like fruit up- 
 on Si full-laden bouj:ii, to be plucked b^ every iille 
 and wanton hand. Tithilion 
 
 FuLLSPREAD. adj. [full and spread.] 
 Spread to the utmost extent. 
 
 How easy 'tis, when destiny proves kind, 
 With JuU'Sijread sails to run before the wind ; 
 But those that 'gainst stiff gales lavcering izo, 
 fllusl be at once resolv'd and skilful too. Dryden. 
 
 Full-su'mmed. adj. [/«// and summed.] 
 Complete in all its parts. 
 
 The cedar stretched furth its branches, and the 
 king of birds nested within its leaves, thick fea- 
 thered, and vi\\.\\ fuU-summed win^s fastenini; his 
 talons East and West; but now the eagle is be- 
 come half naked. Howtl's Vocal Forest. 
 
 To FULL. r. a. [fullo, Lat.] To cleanse 
 
 cloth from its oil or grease. 
 Fu'llage. ?i. s. [£rom full.] The money 
 
 paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. 
 Fu'ller. n. s. [/m//(?, Lat.] One whose 
 trade is to cleanse cloth, 
 
 'I'he clotliiers have put off 
 The spinsters, carders, ftt/Zers, weavers. Shakesp. 
 His raiment became shining, exceeding white as 
 snow ; 50 as no fuller on earth can whiten them. 
 
 Mar. ix. 3. 
 
 Fu'llers Earth, n. s. 
 
 Fullers earth is a marl of a close texture, ex- 
 tremely soft and unctuous to the touch : when 
 dry it 13 of a greyish colour, in all degrees, from 
 very pale to almost black, and generally has a 
 greenish cast in it. The finest^u//ers eartli is dug 
 in our own island. Hill's Mat. Medica. 
 
 The fullers earth of England very much exceeds 
 any yet discovered abroad in goodness ; which is 
 one great reason why the English surpass all other 
 nations in the woollen manufacture. Woodward. 
 
 Fu'llers Tkisflcy or Weed. n. s. [dipsa- 
 
 cus.] A plant, 
 Fu'llery. n. s. [from/«//f?\] The place 
 
 where the trade of a fuller is exercised. 
 Fu'llingmill. 71, 5, [full and jnilL] A 
 
 mill where the water raises hammers 
 
 which beat the cloth 'till it be cleansed. 
 
 By large hammers, like those used fur paper 
 and fullingtnills, they beat their iienip. Mortimei'. 
 
 Fu'lly. adv. [£rom full.] 
 
 1 . Without vacuity, 
 
 2. Completely ; without lack ; without 
 more to be desired. 
 
 There are many graces for which we may not 
 cease hourly to sue, graces which are in bestowing 
 always, b"it never come to befntlij had in this pre- 
 sent life ; and therefore, when all things herii have 
 an end, endless thanks must have their beginning 
 in a state which bringeth the full and fiuaT satis- 
 faction (if all such perpetual desires. Hooker. 
 
 He fully possessed tlie entire revelation he had 
 received from God, and had thorougldy digested 
 it. Locke. 
 
 The goddess cry'd 
 It is enough, I'm fullif satisfied. Addison's Ovid. 
 
 Fu'lminant. adj. [fulminant, Fr. ful- 
 minans, Lat.] Thundering; making a 
 noise like thunder. 
 
 To FULMINATE, v.n. [fidmino, Lat. 
 fulminer, Fr.] 
 
 J . To thunder. 
 
 I cannot fulminate nor tonitruate worda 
 To puzzle intellects \ my ninth lap affords 
 No Lycophroniau buskins. Tito. Randolph. 
 
 2, To make a loud noise or crack. 
 
 Whilst it was in fusion we cast into it a live 
 coal, wliich presently kindled it, and made it boil 
 and flash for a pretty while : after which we cast 
 
 F U L 
 
 ill another glowing coal, which made it fulminate 
 
 afresh. Boiile. 
 
 In damps one is cailfd the sutfocating, and tlic 
 
 other ihc fulminating damp. Wooduard's Nat. Hist. 
 3. To issue out ecclesiastical censures. 
 To Fl'lminate. v. a. To throw out as 
 
 an object of terrour. 
 
 Ascxconiniunication is not greatly regarded here 
 in England, as nowyit/miHtiled ; so this constitution 
 is out of use among us in a great measure. Aylifje. 
 
 Fulmina'tion. n. s. [fulminado, Lat. 
 fulminalion, Fr. from fulminate.] 
 
 1. The act of thundering. 
 
 2. Denunciations of censure. 
 
 'J'he Jnlmijiaiions from the Vatican were turned 
 into ridicule. Aytiff'e's Parergon. 
 
 Fu'lminatory. adj. [ fulmineus, Lat. 
 
 from fulminate.] Thundering; striking 
 
 horror. 
 Fulness, n.s. [from/ull.] 
 
 1. The state of being filled so as to have 
 no part vacant. 
 
 Vour heave-oft'ering shall be reckoned t\ie ful- 
 ness of the winepress. A'»m&. xviii. 27. 
 
 Let the sea roar and the fulness thereof. Deut. 
 
 'I'o the houses I wished nothing mure than safe- 
 ty, fulness, and freedom. King Charles. 
 
 2. The state of abounding in any quality 
 good or bad. 
 
 3. Completeness ; such as leaves nothing 
 to be desired. 
 
 Your enjoyments are so complete, 1 turn wishes 
 into gratulations, and congratulating their /u/ness 
 only wish their continuance. South. 
 
 4. Completeness from the coalition of 
 many parts. 
 
 The king set forwards to Londori, receiving 
 the acclamations and applauses of the people as he 
 went ; whicli indeed were true and unfeigned, as 
 might well appear in the very demonstration and 
 fulness of the cry. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 5. Completeness ; freedom from deficiency. 
 
 In thy presence is fulness of jov. Psalms. 
 
 He is the lialf jtart of a blessed man. 
 Left to be finished by such as she ; 
 And she a fair divided excellence. 
 Whose /'»/iiesi of perfection lies in him. Shakesp. 
 G. Repletion ; satiety. 
 
 I need not instance in the habitual intemperance 
 of rich tables, nor the evil accidents and etiects 
 oi fulness, pride and lust, wantonness and soft- 
 ness. Taylor's Rule of Living Hotii. 
 
 7. Plenty ; wealth. 
 
 To lapse in fulness 
 Is sorer than to lie for need ; and falshood 
 Is worse in kings tlian beggars.iVia/ccs/i. Cymbeline. 
 
 8. Struggling perturbation ; swelling in 
 the miiul. 
 
 A principal fruit of friendship is the ease and 
 discharge of tUe fulness o{ the heart, which passions 
 of all kinds do cause and induce. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 9. Largeness ; extent. 
 
 There wanted the fitness of a plot, and variety 
 of characters to form it as it ought ; and perhaps 
 something might have been added to the beauty 
 of tlie style. Dryden. 
 
 1 0. Force of sound, such as fills the ear ; 
 vigour. 
 
 'i'iiis sort of pastoral derives almost its whole 
 beauty from a natural ease of thought and smooth, 
 ness of verse ; whereas that of most other kinds 
 consists ill the strength and /a/(KSS of both. Vope. 
 
 FU'LSOME. adj. [from pulle, Siix. foul.] 
 I , Nauseous ; offensive. 
 
 He that hrm^^s fulsome objects to my view, 
 With iiauseou.s iiiuifics my fancy fills, 
 And all t^oes down like oxymel of squills. Eofcom. 
 
 Now half the youth of Kuropc arc in arras, 
 How fulsome must it be to stay behind. 
 And die of rank diseases here at home ' Otu-ay. 
 
 F U M 
 
 2. Rank ; gross : to the smell. 
 
 White satyriun is of a dainty smoll, if the plant 
 puts forth white flowers only, and those not thin 
 or dry, they are commonly of rank and fuitnme 
 smell*. Racon. 
 
 3. Lustfid. 
 
 He stuck them up before the /uZsom« ewes.Sfta/t. 
 
 4. Tending to obscenity. 
 
 A certain ef'ij.'ram, which is ascribed to the em- 
 peror, is n\fjTe fulsome than anj' passage I hare 
 met with in our' p<»et. Druden. 
 
 Fu'lsomely. adv. [from fulsome ] Nau- 
 seously ; rankly ; obscenely. 
 FuLsoMENESs. U.S. [fvom fulsome.] 
 
 1 . Nauseousness. 
 
 2. Rank smell, 
 
 3. Obscenity. 
 
 No decency is con'iidered,no/ii/i<>me7i£« is omit- 
 ted, no venom is wantinir, as far as duiiiess can 
 supply it. ^ ~ Dryden. 
 
 Fu'mado. n. s. [/motus, Lat.] A smoked 
 fish. 
 
 Fish that serve f«r the bolter countries, thty 
 used at first to fume, by hanging them upon long 
 sticks one by one, drying them with the smoke of 
 a soft and continual fire, from which they pur- 
 chased the name of furnadoes. Careie. 
 
 Fu'mage. n. s. [hom fuimtSj Lat.] Hearth- 
 money. Diet, 
 
 Fu'matory. n. s. [ fumaria, Lat. fumt- 
 icrre, Fr.] An herb. 
 
 Her fallow leas 
 The darnel, hemlock, and rank /Mmar^v, 
 Dotii root upon. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 To FUMBLE, v. n. [fommehn, Dut] 
 
 1. To attempt any thing aukwardly or un- 
 gainly. 
 
 Our raechanick tKeists will have their atoms 
 never once to UavQ fumbled in these their motions, 
 nor to have produced any inept system. Cu(/uvrl/*. 
 
 2. To puzzle ; to strain in perplexity. 
 
 Am not 1 a friend to lielp you out? You would 
 have been /um6/in^ half an hour for this excuse. 
 
 Druden s Spanish Fryar. 
 
 3. To play childishly. 
 
 1 saw him Jitm/j/e with the sheets, and plav with 
 flowers, and smile upun Ins finger's end. bfiukesp. 
 
 To Fumble, v. a. To manage aukwardlv. 
 
 As many farewels as be stars in heav'n. 
 With distinct breath and consign'd kisses to them, 
 He fumbles up all in one loose adieu. ^uikesp. 
 
 His qrcMsy bald pate choir 
 Came fumbting o'er the heads, in such an agony 
 Tliey told 'em false fur fear. Drijd. Span. Fryar. 
 
 Fu'mbler. n. s. [[roxn Jumble.] One who 
 
 acts aukwardly, 
 Fu'mblingly. adv. [from fumble.] In 
 
 an aukward manner. 
 Fume. n. s. [fumte, Fr, fumus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Smoke. 
 
 Thus fi;^hiing fires awhile theriiselvcs consume ; 
 But streight, like Turks, forc'd on to win or Hie, 
 They first lay tcnd^-, bridges of their/umtf. 
 And o'er the breach m unctuous vapours ^y.Dryd. 
 
 2. \*apour ; any volatile parts Qying away. 
 
 Luve is a smoke rais'd with the fume of sighs : 
 Being purg'd, afire sparkliu*^ in lovers' eycs.Shak. 
 
 It were good to try the taknig oi fumes by pipes, 
 as they do in tobacco, or other things, to ciry aiu! 
 comfort. " Bacon. 
 
 In Winter, when the heat without is less, breath 
 becomes so far condensed as to be visible, flowing 
 out of the mouth in form of a fume, or crasser 
 vapour ; and may, by proper vessels, set in a 
 strong freezing mixture, be collected in a cnnsi- 
 derable quantity. Tl'ootiu-arJ. 
 
 3. Exhalation from the stomach. 
 
 The fumes of drink discompose and stupifv the 
 brains of a man overcharged with it. ^uth. 
 
 Pluno'd in sloth we lie, and snore suphic, 
 As fill'd wiilijiinifs of undigested wine. Dryden. 
 
 781
 
 F U M 
 
 Pow'r, like new wine, does ^'our weak brain 
 surprize, 
 And its niiu\ fumes in your discourses rise ; « 
 
 But time these yielding vapours will remove; 
 Mean while I'll taste the sober jctys of love.Drud. 
 
 4. Rage; heat of miml ; passion. 
 
 Thefmnesot his passion do really intoxicate and 
 confound his judging and discerning faculty. &ru(A. 
 
 5. Any thing unsubstantial. 
 
 When Duncan is asleep, his two chamberlains 
 Will 1 with wine and wassel so convince, 
 'J'liat memory, the warder of the brain. 
 Shall he a /ume. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 6. Idle conceit ; vain imagination. 
 
 Plato's great year would have some etTect, not 
 in renewing the state of like individuals ; for that 
 is the /ume of those, that conceive the celestial 
 bodies have more accumte intlnencc upon these 
 thiiigs below, than they have, but in gross. Bacon. 
 
 To lay aside all that may seem to have a shew 
 o! fumes and fancies, and to speak suiids, a war 
 with Spain is a mighty work. Bacon. 
 
 To Fume. v.n. [fumer, Vr.fumo, Lat] 
 
 1. To smoke. 
 
 Their pray'rs pass'd 
 Dimensionless through heav'niy doors ; tiien clad 
 With incense, where the golden altar/ijjn'd 
 By the great intercessor ; came in sigiit 
 Before their father's tlirone. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 From thence the funning trail began to spread. 
 And lambent glories danc'd about her head.Di-j/ii. 
 
 Strait hover round the fair her airy band ; 
 Some, as she sipp'd, thv fuming li(juorfann'd.Pi);)i;. 
 
 2. To vapour ; to yield exhalations, as by 
 heat. 
 
 Tie up the libertine in a field of feasts. 
 Keep his hrMufuminir. Hhak. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
 
 SilcnusTay, 
 Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain, 
 And always boil in each extended vein, flotcommoii, 
 
 3. To pass away in vapours, 
 
 We have 
 No anger in our eyes, no storm, nu lightning: 
 Our heat is spent ■diidfum'd away in vapour. 
 Before our hands be at work. Ben Jonsons Catiline. 
 
 Their parts are kept from fuming away by theii 
 fixity, and also by the vast weight and density of 
 the atmospheres incumbent upon them. Cheyne. 
 
 The first fresh dawn then -wak'd the gladden'd 
 race 
 Of uncorrupted man, iiov blusb'd to see 
 The sluggard sleep beneath its sacred beam ; 
 For their light slumbers gentle fum'd away.T/iomj. 
 
 4. To be in a rage ; to be hot with anger. 
 
 When he knew his rival free'd and gone, 
 He swells « ith w rath ; he makes outrageous moan : 
 He frets, be fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. 
 The hollow tow'r with clamours ring around.Drjrf. 
 
 To Fume. v. a. 
 
 1 . To smoke ; to dry in the sraoke. 
 
 Those that serve for hot couidries they used at 
 first to fume, by banging upon them long sticks 
 one by one, and drying them with the smoke of a 
 soft fire. Carew. 
 
 2. To perfume with odours in the fire. 
 
 She/um'd the temples with an od'rous flame, -t 
 And oft befofe the sacred i.,',ars came, ( 
 
 Topray for Iiim who was an empty name. Dryd. J 
 
 The/mumj of the holes with brimstone, garlick, 
 and other unsavory things, will drive moles out of 
 the grcmnd. Mortimer. 
 
 3. To disperse in vapours. 
 
 The heat will fume away most of the scent. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 Fum'et. n.s. The dung of the deer. 
 FUMETTE. n. s. [Fr.] A word intro- 
 duced by cooks, and the pupils of cooks, 
 for the stink of meat. 
 
 A haunch of ven'son made lier sweat. 
 Unless it had the right /iimette. Sieift. 
 
 FV'MlD.adj. [/umidus, Lat.] Smoky; 
 vaporous. 
 
 ey answer fumin^ly, that they are ashamed 
 file their pens with making answer to such 
 
 Hooker 
 
 FUN 
 
 A crass and/umirfcxhulatiou is caused from the 
 combat of the sulpfiur atid iron with the acid and 
 nitrous spirits of aqnaforth. Brown. 
 
 Fu'midity. n. s [ft om fiimid.] Smokiness ; 
 
 tendency to smoke. Z>ict, 
 
 To FUMIGATE, r. «. [from fumus, Lat.] 
 
 fnmigery Fr.] 
 
 1 . To smoke ; to perfume by smoke or va- 
 pour. 
 
 Would thou preserve thy famish'd family, 
 \\ ith fragrant thyme the city fumigate, 
 And break the waxen waiis to save the state. Dryd, 
 
 2. To medicate or heal by vapours. 
 Fumiga'tion. n,s. [fumigaiio, Lat. /m- 
 
 migation^ Fr. ^roiti Jkimigate.'] 
 
 1. Scents raised by fire. 
 
 Fumigations, often repeated, are very beneficial. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 My fumigation is to Venus, just 
 The souls of roses, and red coral's dust: 
 And, last, to make my/umij^^ation good, 
 'Tis mixt with sparrows brains and pigeons blood. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. The application of medicines to the 
 body in fumes. 
 
 Fu'mingly. adv. [from fume.] Angrily; 
 in a rage. 
 
 That which we move for our better learnlnt: and 
 instruction sake, turneth unto anger and choTer in 
 them : thev grow altogether out of quietness with 
 it ; the " ,--.... 
 
 to defi' 
 
 idle questions, 
 
 Fu'MlTER. 7/. s. A plant. 
 
 Why, he was met even now, 
 As mad as the vext sea ; singing aloud. 
 Crown'd with rank/«mi(er and farrow weeds. Sh 
 
 FUMOXJS 
 
 Fumy, f fume.'] 
 
 From dice and wine tlie youth retir'd to restj 
 And puff'd the /i(mvgod frnni out his breast: 
 Ev'n then he dreiimt ai drink and lucky play : 
 More lucky had it lasted 'till the day. Drtjden. 
 
 Fun, 7^. 5. [A low cant Avord.] Sport; 
 hi^h merriment ; frolicksome delight. 
 
 Don't mind me, though, for all my fun and jokes. 
 You hards may find us bloods good-natur'd folks. 
 
 More. 
 
 Function, n. s. [functio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Discharge; performance. 
 
 There is hardly a greater difference between two 
 things than there is between a representing com- 
 moner in the Junction of his pubhck calling, and 
 ihe same person in common life. Sioift. 
 
 2. F^iiployment ; office. 
 
 The ministry is not now bound to any one tribe : 
 now none is secluded from that fuTiction o( any 
 degree, state, or calling. IVhitgiJte. 
 
 You have paid the heav'ns your/wncttmi, and 
 the prisoner tne very other debt of your calling. 
 Shahesp. Measure for Measure. 
 
 Nor was it any policy or obstinacy, or partiality 
 of affection either to the men or their function, 
 wliich fixed me. King Charles. 
 
 'I'his double function of the goddess gives a con- 
 siderable light and beauty to the ode which Ho- 
 race has addressed to her. Addisoti 
 
 Let not these indignities discourage us from as- 
 serting the just privileges and pre-eminence of our 
 holy function and character. Atterbury. 
 
 ;i. Single act of any office. 
 
 Without difference those functions cannot, in 
 ordtilysort, he executed. Hooker. 
 
 They have several offices and pra3'ers against fire, 
 tempests, and especially for the dead, in which 
 fimctio7is they use sacerdotal garinQnis.Stillingfieet. 
 
 4, Trade ; occupation. 
 
 Follow your /unction; go, and batten on cold 
 bits. Shahesp. 
 
 5. Office of any particular part of the body. 
 
 .\adj. [fumeiix-se, Fr. from 
 j fume.] Producing fumes. 
 
 FUN 
 
 The bodies of men, and other animals, are eit- 
 cellcntlj' well fitted for life and motion ; and the 
 several parts of them well adapted to their parti- 
 cular Jiinctions. Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 6. Power ; faculty : either animal or intel- 
 lectual. 
 
 Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect, 
 A broken voice, and his whole /itnctitm suiting 
 With forms to his conceit. Shaktsp. Hamlet. 
 
 Nature seems 
 In all her functions weary of herself: 
 My race of glory run, and race of bhame ; 
 And 1 shall shortly be with them that resl.MiVfm. 
 
 Whatever warms the heart, or fills the head. 
 As the mind opens, and its functions spread. 
 Imagination plies her dalig'rous art, 
 And pours it all upon the peccant part. Pope. 
 
 Though every l]uman constitution is morbid, 
 yet are their diseases consistent with the common 
 functions of life. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Fund. n.s. [fond, Fr. /undo a ba^i:, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Stock ; capital ; that by which any ex- 
 pence is supported. 
 
 He touclies the passions more delicately thati 
 Ovid, and performs all this out of his own fund, 
 without diviTig into the arts and sciences for a sup- 
 |)ly. _ Dryden. 
 
 Part must be left, & fund when foes invade, 
 And part employ 'd to roll the watry tide. Dryden. 
 
 In preaching, no men succeed belter than those 
 who trust entirely to the stocit or fund of their 
 own reason, advanced indeed, but not overlaid 
 by commerce with books. Swift. 
 
 2. Stock or bank of money. 
 
 As my estate has been hillierto either tost upon 
 seas, or fluctuating in futtds, it is now fixed in 
 substantial acres. Addison. 
 
 FU'ND.^MENT. n. s. [fundamentum, 
 Lat.] The back part of the botly. 
 
 Fundame'ntal. adj. [ fundament alis, 
 Lat. (rom fundamtnl.] Serving for the 
 foundation ; that upon ■which the rest is 
 built ; essential ; important ; not merely 
 accidental. 
 
 Until this can be agreed upon, one main and 
 fundamt)ital cause of (he most grievous war is not 
 like to be taken from the earth. Raleigh. 
 
 You that will be less fearful than discreet. 
 That love the Jundamental part of state. 
 Wore than vuu doubt the cliarge of it. Shakesp. 
 
 Others, when they were brought to allow the 
 tlirone vacant, thought the succession should go 
 to the ne.Kt heir, according to the fundamental laws 
 of the kingdom, as if the last king were actually 
 dead. Swift's Examiner. 
 
 Gain some general -Awd fundamental truths, both 
 in philosophy, in religion, and in human life. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Such we find they are, as can controul 
 I'he servile actions of our wav'ring soul. 
 Can fright, can aher, or can chain the will ; 
 Their ills all built on life, ih&t fundamental ill. 
 
 Pri<yr. 
 
 Yet some there were among the sounder few. 
 Of those who less presum'd, and better knew. 
 Who durst assert the juster ancient cause. 
 And here restor'd m\.' i fmdamental Isws. Pope. 
 
 Fundame'ntal. n.s. Leading- proposi- 
 tion ; important and essential part which 
 is the groundwork of the rest. 
 
 We propose the question, whether those who 
 hold tlie Jundamentals of faith may deny Christ 
 damnably' in respect of superstructures and con- 
 sequences that arise from them. South. 
 
 it is a very just reproach, that there should be 
 so mucli violence and hatred in religious matters 
 among men who agree in all fundamentals, and 
 only ditfer in some ceremonies, i"r mere specviiative 
 points. Swift. 
 
 Fundame'ntally. adv. [from funda- 
 mental.'] Essentially ; originally. 
 
 As virtue is be^\t<\fHnaamcntaily intlie intellect, 
 
 78»
 
 FUN 
 
 SO perspectively in the fancy ; so that virtue is the 
 force uf reason, in the conduct of our actions and 
 passions to a good end. Grew. 
 
 Religion is not only useful to civil society, hut 
 fundamentally necessary to its very birth and con- 
 stitution. Bejitlet]. 
 
 The unlimited power placed fundamentally in 
 the body of a people, tlie lepislators endeavour 
 to deposit In such hands as would preserve the 
 people. Swift. 
 
 FUNERAL, M. s. [Junus, hat. funei-ai/hs, 
 
 French.] 
 
 1. The solemnization of a burial ; the pay- 
 ment of the last honours to the dead ; 
 obsequies. 
 
 Here, under leave of Brutus, and the rest, 
 Come I to speak in Ci^s<ir's funeral. Shakesp. 
 
 All things that we ordained festival, 
 Turn'd from their office to hUck fun fr a!. Shakesp. 
 
 He that had cast out nian^ unburicd, had none 
 to raourn for him, nor any soieiun Juuerah, nor 
 sepulchre with his fathers. 2 Mac. v. 10. 
 
 No widow at U\sJ'Hneral shall weep. Sarulus. 
 
 2. The pomp or procession with which the 
 dead are carried. 
 
 The lung fun rah blacken all the way. Pope. 
 
 You art- snmetimes desirous to see ajuneral pass 
 
 by in tlie street. Swift. 
 
 3. Burial ; interment. 
 
 May he find his funeral 
 V th' sands, when he l>efore his day shall fall. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Fu'neral. adj. Used at the ceremony 
 of interring the dead. 
 
 Our instruments to melancholy bells. 
 Our weddinii; chear to a sad funeral feast. Shakesp. 
 
 Let such honours 
 And funeral rites, as to bis birth and virtues 
 Are due, be first perforin'd. Dcnham^s Sophy. 
 
 Thy hand o'er towns the fnnral torch displays, 
 And forms a thousand ills ten thousand ways. Dryd. 
 
 Funereal, adj. [ funerea, Lat.] Suiting 
 a funeral ; dark ; dismal. 
 
 But if his soul liath wing'd the destin'd flight, 
 Inhabitant of deep disastrous night, 
 Homeward with pious speed repass the raaui, 
 To the pale sha.de funereal rites ordain. Pope. 
 
 Fungo'sity. n. s. [from fungus.] Unso- 
 lid excrescence. Diet. 
 
 Fu'ngous. adj. [from fungus."] Excre- 
 scent ; spongy ; wanting firmness. 
 
 It is often employed to keep down the fungous 
 lips that spread upon the bone ; but it is much 
 more painful than the escharotick medicines. 
 
 Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 FU'NGUS. n. s. [Lat.] Strictly a musH- 
 room : a word used to express such excre- 
 scences of flesh as grow out upon the 
 lips of wounds, or any other excrescence 
 from trees or plants not naturally belong- 
 ing to them ; as the agarick from the 
 larch -tree, and auriculae Judae from elder. 
 
 Qiiinci/. 
 
 The surgeon oupht lo vary the diet as the fibres 
 
 lengthen too much, are too fluid, and produce 
 
 funguses, or as they harden and produce callosities. 
 
 Arbuthiwt on Diet. 
 
 This eminence is composed of little points, or 
 
 grainihi, cMc<\ fungus, or proud flesh. ShaTp. 
 
 FU'NICLE. 71. s. [funiculus, Lat.] A 
 
 small cord ; a small ligatiu-e ; a fibre. 
 FuNi'cuLAR. adj. [funiciilaire, Fr. from 
 
 /unicle.] Consisting of a small cord or 
 
 fibre. 
 Fu NK. n. s. A stink. A low word. 
 Fu'nnel. n. s. [infundibuhim, Lat. whence 
 
 fundi htc, fund/t; funnd.'\ 
 1 . An inverted hollow cone with a pipe 
 
 descending from it, through which li- 
 
 FUR 
 
 quors are poured into vessels with nar- 
 row mouths ; a tundish. 
 
 If you pour a glut of water upon a bottle, it 
 receives little of it ; but with a funnel, and by 
 degrees, you shall fill many "f them. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Some the lon^z funnel's curious mouth extend, 
 Through which ingested meats with ease descend. 
 
 Blackm. 
 
 The outward ear or auricula is made hollow, 
 and contracted by degrees, to draw the sound 
 inward, tu take in as much as may be of it, as we 
 use A funnel to pour liquor into any vessel. Bay. 
 
 2. A pipe or passage of communication. 
 
 Towards the middle are two large funnels, bored 
 through the roof of the grotto, to let in light or 
 fresh air. Addison. 
 
 FUR. 71. s. [fonnmre, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Skin with soft hair with which garments 
 are lined for warmthj or covered for or- 
 nament. 
 
 December must be expressed with a horrid and 
 fearful countenance ; as also at Iiis back a bundle 
 of holly, holding infur mittens the sign of Capri- 
 corn. Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 'Tis but dressing up a bird of prey in Ins c^p 
 and furs to make a judge of him. L'Estrange. 
 
 And lordly gout wrapt up in Jur, 
 And wheeling asthma, loth to stir. Swift. 
 
 2. Soft hair of beasts found in cold coun- 
 tries, where nature provides coats suit- 
 able to the weather ; hair in general. 
 
 This night, wherein the cubdrawa bear would 
 couch, 
 The lion and the belly-pinched wolf 
 Keep their /«r dry, unbonnetted he runs, 
 And bids what wili lake all. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Such animals as feed upon flesh qualify it, the 
 one by swallowing the hair or /ur of the beasts 
 they prey upon, the other by devouring some part 
 of the feathers of the birds they gorge themselves 
 with. Bay on the Creation. 
 
 3. Any moisture exhaled to such a degree 
 as that the remainder sticks on the part, 
 
 Methinks I am not right in ev'ry part ; 
 1 feel a kind of trembling at my heart : 
 
 My pulse unequal, and my breath is strong ; 
 Besides a filthy fur upon ni}' tongue. Dryden. 
 
 To Fur. v, a. [from the noun,] 
 
 1 . To line or cover with skins that have 
 soft hair. 
 
 How mad a sight it was to see Daraetas, like 
 rich tissue/urrerf with lambskins ? Sidney. 
 
 Through tatter'd deaths small vices do appear; 
 Robes and furr'd gowns hide all. Shakesp. 
 
 You are for dreams and slumbers, brother priest ; 
 You fur your gloves with reasons. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To cover with soft matter. 
 
 To make lampblack, take a torch and hold it 
 under the bottom of a latten bason; and, as it 
 groweth to be/»iTeii and black within, strike it 
 with a feather into some sliell. Peacham. 
 
 Three sisters, mourning for their brother's loss. 
 Their bodies hid in bark, and furrd with moss. Dry. 
 
 Their frying blood compels to irrigate 
 Their dry'^itrr'ti tongues. Philips. 
 
 A dungeon wide and horrible ; the walls 
 Oil all bides furr'd with mouldy damps, and hung 
 With clots of ropy gore. Addis'm. 
 
 Fur. adv. [It is now commonly written 
 fai\] At a distance. 
 
 The white lovely dove 
 Doth on her wing her utmost swiftness prove. 
 Finding the gripe of faulcon fierce notour. Sidney. 
 
 Fur-wrought, adj. [Jur and wrought.] 
 Made of fur. 
 
 Silent along (he mazy margin stray. 
 And with the fur-wrought fly delude the prey. 
 
 Cay's Past. 
 
 Fura'cious. adj. \_furaXy Lat.] Thievish; 
 inclined to steal. Diet. 
 
 Fura'city. w. s. [from/?/rfl.r, Lat.] Dis- 
 position to theft ; thievishness. 
 
 FUR 
 
 Fu'rbelow. n. s. A piece of stuffplaited 
 and puckered together, either below or 
 above, on the petticoats or gowns of wo- 
 men. This, like a great many other 
 words, is the child of mere caprice. 
 
 Trtv. Diet 
 Nay, oft 11) dreams invention we bestow 
 To chanf:e a flounce, or add a furbelou: Pope. 
 
 To Furbelow, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To adorn with ornamental appendages 
 of dress. 
 
 When arguments too fiercely glare. 
 You caliu them with a milder air ; 
 To break their points, you turn tiieir force. 
 And furbelow the plain discourse. Prior. 
 
 She was flounced aiidfurbeloued ; every ribbon 
 was crinkled and every part of her garments in 
 curl. Adiiison. 
 
 To Fu'rbish. r.a. [fourbir, Fr.] To 
 burnish ; to polish ; to rub to brightness. 
 
 It may enter Mowbray's waxen coat, 
 And furbish new the name of John o'Gaunt. 
 
 Sliahesji. Rich. II. 
 
 Furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines. 
 
 Jer. xlvi. 4. 
 
 Some others who furbish up and reprint tiis old 
 errours, hold that the suft'erings of the damned 
 are not to be, in a strict sense, eternal ; but that, 
 after a certain period of time, there sliall be a 
 general gaol-delivery of the souls'in prison, and that 
 iiot a farther execution, but a final release. South, 
 
 As after Numa's peaceful reign. 
 The martial Ancus did the sceptre wield ; 
 Furbish'd tlie rust^- sword again, 
 Resum'd the long-furgotten shield. 
 And led the Latins to the dusty held. Dryden. 
 
 Inferior ministers, for ^lars re[)air 
 His broken axle-tree, and blunted war ; 
 And send him forth again, viiiii furbish' d arras. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fu'rbisher. n.s. [fonrbisseur, Fr. from 
 furbish.] One who polishes any thing. 
 
 Furca'tion. n.s. [furca, Lat.] Forki- 
 ness ; the state of sliooting two ways 
 like the blades of a fork. 
 
 When stags grow old they grow less branched, 
 and first lose tlieir brow-antlers, or lowest /urco- 
 tions next the head. Brou^t. 
 
 FURFUR, n. s. [Lat.] Husk or chaff, 
 scurff or dandriff, that grows upon the 
 skin, with some likeness tobran.Qi/i/rry. 
 
 Furfura'ceous, adj. [furfwacens, Lat] 
 Husky ; branny ; scaly, 
 
 FURIOUS, adj. [furietta:, Fr. furiosus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Mad ; phrenetick. 
 
 No man did ever think the hurtful notions of fu- 
 rious men and innocents to be punishable. Hootur, 
 
 2. Raging ; violent ; transported by pas- 
 sion beyond reason. 
 
 Who can be wise, araaz'd, temp'rateandyunot**. 
 Loyal and neutral in a moment ? No man. 
 
 Shakesp. Macbeth, 
 To be furiouSt 
 Is to be frighted out cif fear ; and in that mood 
 The dove vill peck the cstridge. Shake^. 
 
 Noise, other than the sound of dance or song. 
 Torment, and loud lament, andfurious rage. dinU. 
 
 3. Violent ; impetuously agitated. 
 
 Witli clamour thence the rapid currents drive 
 Towards the retreatinc sea their/iiHoNi tide. Milt. 
 
 Furiously, adv. [trom furious.] Madly; 
 violently ; vehemently. 
 
 Which when his brother saw, fraught with 
 great grief 
 And wralh, he to him leapt^unoitslt/. Ffltrv Quefn. 
 ^ i hey observe countenance to attend the prac- 
 tice ; and this carries them on furiousUf to tliat 
 wliich of themselves tliey are inclined. Situth. 
 
 She heard not half, so furiously s\,e flies ; 
 Fear gave lier wings. Drtjden. 
 
 783
 
 FUR 
 
 Fd'riousness. n. s. [from Jurious.] 
 Phrenzy ; madness; transport of passion. 
 
 A) Furl. v. a. [fi-esler, French.] To 
 draw up; to contract. 
 
 When fortune sends a stormy wind, 
 Then sliew a brave and present mind ; 
 And when witli too indulgent gales 
 She swells too much, thenfitri thy sails. Creech^ 
 
 Fu'rlong. n.s. [paplanj, Sax.] .A mea- 
 sure of length ; the eighth part of a mile. 
 
 It a man stand in the middle of a field and 
 speak aloud, he shall be heard afurlongm round, 
 and that in articulate sounds. Bacon. 
 
 Coming within a few furlongs of the temple, 
 they passed through a very thick grove, Addison. 
 
 Fu'rlough. ft. s. [verloej, Dutch.] A tem- 
 porary dismission from military service ; 
 a licence given to a soldier to be absent. 
 
 Brutus and Cato iniglit discharge their souls, 
 And give lhemJiir/iT"s for another world ; 
 But we, like sentries, are oblig'd to stand 
 In starless nights, and wait th' appointed hour. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fu'rmenty. U.S. [More properly /?■«- 
 menty or frumety, of frumentum, Lat.] 
 Food made by boiling vi'heat in milk. 
 
 Kemeniber, wife, therefore, though 1 do it not. 
 The seed-cake, the pasties, and furmenty pot. 
 
 Tusse}\ 
 
 Fu'rnace. n. s. [furnus, Lat.] An en- 
 closed fireplace. 
 
 Heat not njurnace for your foe so hot 
 That it may singe yourself. Shaks. Henry VIII. 
 
 The fining pot is for silver and the furnace for 
 gold. Proverbs. 
 
 We have also/unmces of great diversities, that 
 keep great diversity of heats. Bacon. 
 
 The kings of Spain have erected divers/urnaces 
 and forges, for the trying and fining of their gold. 
 
 Abbot. 
 
 Whosu falleth not down and worshippeth, sha'l 
 the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning 
 fiery./unwce. Dun. 
 
 A "dungeon horrible, on all sides around. 
 As one great^urnace, fiam'd. Milton. 
 
 To Fu'rnace. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To throw out as sparks from a furnace. 
 A bad word. 
 
 He furnaces 
 The thick sighs from him. Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 To FU'RNISH. v. a. [fournir, French.] 
 
 1. To supply with what is necessary to 
 a certain purpose. 
 
 She hath directed 
 How I shall take her from her father's house ; 
 What gold and Jewels she isfurnish'd with. Shak. 
 
 His training such. 
 That he may furnish and instruct great teachers. 
 And never s'eek for aid out of himself. Shaliesp. 
 
 Thou shalt/uJTiisft him liberally out of thy flock. 
 
 Deut. XV. 
 
 Come, thou stranger, and furnish a table, and 
 feed me of that thou hast ready. Eccies. 
 
 Auria, having driven the Turks from CoroLie, 
 both by sea and \and,furniihed thecity with corn, 
 wine, victual, and powder. Knollts's Histori/. 
 
 I shall not need to heap up instances ; every 
 one's reading and conversation will sufficiently 
 furnish him, if he wants to be better stored. Locke. 
 
 2. To give ; to supply. 
 
 These simple ideas, the materials of all our 
 knowledge, are suggested and furnished to the 
 raind only by these two ways, sensation and re- 
 flection. Locke. 
 
 It is not the state, but a compact among private 
 persons that hath furnished out these several re- 
 mittances. Addison. 
 
 3. To fit up ; to fit with appendages. 
 
 Something deeper, 
 Wherof perchance these are but/iirnis/iings. 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 FUR 
 
 Plato entertained some of his friends at dinner, 
 and liad in the chamher a bed or couch, neatly 
 and costly furnished. Diogenes came in, and gut 
 up ujujn the bed, aiid trampled it, saying, 1 
 trample upon the pride of Platn. Plato raiJdly 
 answered, But with greater pride, Diogenes. 
 
 BacoJi's Apophth. 
 
 We were led into another great room, Jurnished 
 with old inscriptions. Addison on ludy. 
 
 4. To equip ; to fit out for any under- 
 taking. 
 
 Will your lordship lend me a thousand pounds 
 U) furnish me ? Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Ideas, forms, and intellects. 
 Have furnished out three ditf'retit sects. Prinr. 
 
 Doubtless the luan Jesus Christ \sfur71ished with 
 superior powers to all the angels in heaven, be- 
 cause he is employed in superior work. Watts. 
 
 5. To decorate ; to supply with orna- 
 mental household stuff. 
 
 The wounded arm wouIdJumis?i all their rooms. 
 And bleed for ever scarlet in the looms. Halifax. 
 
 Fu'rnisher. n.s. \^fournissPur, Fr. from 
 furnish.] One who supplies or fits out. 
 
 Fu'rniture. n.s. [fourniturey Yrench; 
 from furnish.] 
 
 1. Moveables; goods put in a house for 
 use or ornament. 
 
 No man can transport his large retinue, his 
 sumptuous fare, and his rich furniture into an- 
 other world. South. 
 There are many noble palaces in Venice ; their 
 furniture is not very rich, if we except the pic- 
 tures. Addison. 
 
 2. Appendages. 
 
 By a general conflagration mankind shall be 
 destroyed, with the form and all ihe J urniture of 
 the earlii. Tillotson. 
 
 3. Equipage; embellishments; decorations. 
 
 "ioung Clarion, with vaunlful lusty hed, 
 After his guise did cast abroad to fare, 
 And thereto 'gan his furnitures prepare. Spenser. 
 
 The duke is coming : see the barge be ready. 
 And fit it with such furniture as suits 
 The greatness of his person. SItakesp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 The ground must be of a mixt brown, and lartre 
 enough, or the horse's furniture must be of very 
 sensible colours. Dryden. 
 
 Fu'rrier. n, s. \from fur.] A dealer in 
 
 furs. 
 Fu'rrow. 71. s. [pujih, Saxon.] 
 
 1. A small trench made by the plough for 
 the reception of seed. 
 
 Wheat must be sowed above Jurroio before Mi- 
 chaelmas. _ Mortimer. 
 
 Then ploughs for seed the fruilfuiyun-ou!5 broke, 
 And oxen laboured first beneath the yoke. Dryd. 
 
 2. Any long trench or hollow : as a 
 
 wrinkle. 
 
 My lord it is, though time has plow'd that face 
 With many/urrtfu'5 since 1 saw it first ; 
 Yet I'm too well acquainted with the ground quite 
 to forget it. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus. 
 
 Fu'RROW-weed. n. s. [furrow and ivctd.] 
 A weed that grows in furrowed land. 
 Ciown'd with rank funiiltr, ziwd furrow -weeds. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Fu'rrow. r. a. from the noun; 
 pypian, Saxon.] 
 
 1. To cut in furrows. 
 
 While the ploughman near at hand 
 Whistles o'er ihefurrow'd land. 
 
 2. To divide in long hollows. 
 
 No briny tear has furrow'd her smooth cheek. 
 
 Suckling. 
 Tlie billows fall, while Neptune lays his mace 
 On the rough sea, and smooths hs furrowed face. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 3. To make by cutting. 
 
 There go the ships that furrow out their wav ; 
 Yea, there of whales enormous sights we see. i\ ot. 
 
 Fu'rry. adj. [from/wr.] 
 
 Milton. 
 
 FUR 
 
 1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. 
 
 From Volga's banks th' imperious Czar 
 Leads forth hlsfurry troops to war. Felton. 
 
 2. Consisting of fur. 
 
 Stretch out thy lazy limbs, awake, awake. 
 And Winter from thy Jurry mantle shake. Dryd. 
 
 Not arm'd with horns of arbitrary might. 
 Or claws to seize tht:itfurry spoils in fight. Dryd. 
 
 FURTHER, arfj. [from forth, not from 
 Jiar, as is commonly imagined ; forth, 
 further, furthest, corrupted from far- 
 ther, furthest, popSep, Sax. Farther 
 is used by Sir Thomas More. See 
 Forth and Farther, of which the 
 examples are to be referred to in this 
 word.] 
 
 1 . At a greater distance. 
 
 2. Beyond this. 
 
 'Whatfurther need iiave we for witnesses. 
 
 Mat. xxvi. 65. 
 Satan had journey'd on, pensive and slow ; 
 Hilt further way found none, so thick intwin'd, 
 As one continu'd brake, the undergrowtli 
 Of shrubs and tangling bushes had perplex'd 
 All path of man or beast that pass'd that way. 
 
 Milton. 
 Their earnest e^'es they fix'd, imagining 
 For one forbidden tree a multitude 
 Now ris'ii to work them Jitri/ter woe or shame. 
 
 Mi/Ion. 
 I raa3r meet 
 Some wand'ring spirit, from him to draw 
 W'hat^uri/ifr would be learn'd. Miltmi. 
 
 3. Further has in some sort the force of a 
 substantive in the phrase no further, for 
 nothing further. 
 
 Let this appease 
 Thy doubt, since human reach no further knows. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Fu'rther. adv. [from forth.] To a 
 greater distance. 
 
 And tlie angel of the Lord went fitriher, and 
 stood in a narrow place. Numb. xxii. 2. 
 
 To Fu'rther. v. a. [from the adverb; 
 popBpian, Sax.] To put onward ; to 
 forward ; to promote ; to countenance ; 
 to assist ; to help. 
 
 Things thus set in order, in quiet and rest, 
 Shailjiiri/io- thy harvest, and pleasure thee best. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 Could their fond superstition have furtltered so 
 great attempts, without the mixture of a true per- 
 suasion concerning the irresistible force of divine 
 power. Hooker. 
 
 Grant not, O Lord, the desires of the wicked ; 
 fiLrther nut his wicked device. Ps- cxI. 8. 
 
 This binds thee then to further ray design. 
 As 1 am bound by vow to further thine. Urydtn. 
 
 Furtherance, n. s. [from further.] 
 Promotion ; advancement ; help. 
 
 The Gauls learned them first, and used them 
 only for Ihe furtherance of their trade and private 
 business. Spenser. 
 
 Our diligence must search out all helps and 
 furtherances uf direction, which scriptures, coun- 
 cils, fathers, histories, the laws and practices of 
 all churches atlord. Hooker. 
 
 For gain and work, and success in his affairs, 
 he seekethj'urtherance of him that hath no manner 
 of power. . Hooker. 
 
 Cannot my body, nor blood-sacrifice, 
 Intreat you to your wonted/«rl/iera?ife? 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 If men were minded to live righteously, to be- 
 lieve a God would be no hindrance or prejudice 
 to any such design, but very much for tht ad- 
 vancement ai\d furtherance of it. Tillotson^ 
 
 FuRTHERER. Ti. s. [trom further .] Pro- 
 moter ; advancer. 
 
 That earnest favourer and furthei-er of God's 
 true religion, that faithful servitor to his prince 
 and country. ''" 
 
 Aschom. 
 
 784
 
 F IJ R 
 
 Furthermore, adv. [further and more.] 
 Moreover ; besides. 
 
 This ring I do acccpl m')st tlinnkfiillv, 
 And so, I pray joii, lell liim : fiirthernwre, 
 I pray you, sliew my youth old Sliylock's house. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 FuRTi VE. adj. [furtive, Fr. furtivus, Lat.] 
 Stolen ; gotten by theft. 
 
 Or do tliey ,as your schenies, I ihink.liave ihown, 
 Dart farihe beams and (;lory not their own, 
 All sirvanls to that source of light, the sun ? Prinr. 
 
 Furuncle, ti. s. [furoncle, Fr. funin- 
 culus, Lat.] A bile ; an angry pustule. 
 A furuncle is in its beginning round, hard, and 
 iuflaiiied; and as it ir.creaseth, it riseth up with 
 an acute head, and sometimes a pustule; and 
 then it is more inflamed and painful, when it ar- 
 rives at its state, which is about the eiglith or ninth 
 day. Wiseman. 
 
 Fu'ry. n. s. [furor, Lut.furciir, Fr.] 
 
 1. Madness. 
 
 2. Rage; passionof anger ; tumult of mind 
 approaching to madness. 
 
 I do oppose my patience to his fury ; and am 
 arm'd 
 To suffer with a quietness of spirit 
 The very tyrannj' and rage of his. Shakesp. 
 
 He hath given me to know the riatures of living 
 creatures, and tlie furies of wild beasts. 
 
 Wisd. vii. 20. 
 
 3. Enthusiasm ; exaltation of fancy. 
 Taking up the lute, her wit began to be with 
 
 a divine Jitry inspired ; and her voice would in so 
 beloved an occasion, second her wit. Sidney. 
 
 A sybil, that had number'd in the world 
 The sun to course two hundred compasses. 
 In her prophetick/urj/ sew'd the work. Shakesp. 
 
 Greater than human kind she seem'd to look, 
 And with au accent more than mortal spoke ; 
 Her staring eyes with sparkting^nry roll, 
 When all the god came rushing on her soul. 
 
 Drydens ^neid. 
 
 4. [Froni /«r»a, Lat.] One of the deities 
 of vengeance, and thence a stormy, tur- 
 bulent, violent, raging woman. 
 
 The sight of any of the house of York, 
 Is as a fury to torment my soul. Shakesp. 
 
 It was tne most proper place for afttry to raaKe 
 her exit ; and 1 believe every reader's imagination 
 is pleased, when he sees the angry goddess thus 
 sinking in a tempest, and plunging herself into 
 hell, amidst such a scene of horror and confusion. 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 FURZ. n. s. [pip]". Sax. genista spinosa, 
 Lat.] Gorse ; goss. 
 
 The whole plant is ver3' thorny ; the flowers, 
 wliich are of the pea-bloom kind, are disposed in 
 short thick spikes, which are succeeded by short 
 compressed pods, in each of which are contained 
 three or four kidney-shaped seeds. Miller. 
 
 Carry out gravel to fill up a hole. 
 Both timber and/»rsjn, the turf and the cole. Ths5. 
 
 For fewel, there groweth great store ofjurze. of 
 which the slirubhy sort is called tame, and the 
 better grown French. Carew. 
 
 We may know. 
 And when to reap the grain, and when to sow, 
 Or when to sell the furzes. Drydens Vir^l. 
 
 Fu'rzy. adj. [from furze.] Overgrown 
 with fiu-ze ; full of gorse. 
 
 Wide through ihefurzy field tJieir rout they take. 
 Their bleeding bosoms force the thorny brake. Gai/. 
 
 FuscATioN. n. s. [fuscns, Lat.] The act 
 of darkening or obscuring. Diet. 
 
 To FUSE. V. a. [fimdo,fusum, Lat.] To 
 melt ; to put into fusion ; to liquify by 
 heat. 
 
 To Fuse. v. n. To be melted ; to be ca- 
 pable of being liquified by heat. 
 
 Fusee, n. s. [fuseau, Fr.] 
 
 i. The cone round which is wound the 
 cord or chain of a clock or watch. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 . F U S 
 
 The reason iS the motion of Uie balance is bv tlic 
 motion of the next \\)ieel, and tiiat b_y llie inoliun 
 of the ue.Kt, and ihut l»y the motion of the /itsee.afid 
 lliat hy the motion of the sprint;: tlie whole frame 
 of the watcii carries a reasonableness in it, the pas- 
 sive iriipresiiion of the intellecluui idea that was in 
 tlie artist. llaie. 
 
 2. A firelock [from/i/itV, Fr.] a small neat 
 mu'iquet. This is more properly writ- 
 ten /)/.si7. 
 
 Fuse of a bomb or pranado shell, is that 
 which makes the wliole powder or com- 
 position in the shell take fire, to do the 
 designed execution. 'Tis usually a 
 wooden pipe or tap filled with wildfire, 
 or some such matter; and is intended to 
 burn no longer tlian is tlie time of the 
 motion of the bomb from the mouth of 
 the mortar to the place where it is to fall 
 which time Anderson makes twenty- 
 seven seconds. Harris 
 
 Fu'sEE. n. 5. Track ofa buck. Ainsworth 
 
 Fu'sicLE. adj, [from fuse.'] Capable of 
 being melted; capaljle of being made 
 liquid by heat. 
 
 Colours afforded b^' raetaliine bodies, eitlier col- 
 liquate with, or otherwise penetrate into other 
 bodies, cspeeially/liS^/j/e ones. Boyle. 
 
 Ft'smi'LiTY. 11. s, [from fusible.] Capa- 
 city of being melted; quality ofgro\ying 
 liquid by heat. 
 
 The ancients observing in that material a kind 
 of metallical nature, or at least aftisibUity, seem 
 to have resolved it into a nobler nse. 
 
 Wotton's Architecture. 
 
 The bodies of most use, that are sought fur out 
 
 of the depths of the earth, are the metals which 
 
 are distinguished from other bodies by their weigiit, 
 
 fiisibUitii, and raalleableness. Locke. 
 
 F'v'sih. adj. [fusiiey Yy./usHis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Capable of being melted; liquifiable 
 by heat. 
 
 Some, less skilful, fancy tliese scapi that occur 
 inmost of the larger Gothick buildings of Eng- 
 land are artificial; and will have it, that tliev 
 are a kind of fusil marble. IVooduarrl. 
 
 2. Running by the force of heat. 
 
 The liquid ore he drain'd 
 Into fit molds piepar'd ; from which he form'd 
 First his own tools : then, what might else be 
 
 wrought 
 Fusile, or grav'n in metal. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Perpetual flames, 
 O'er sand and ashes, and the stubborn flint. 
 Prevailing, turn into h fusil sea. Philips. 
 
 Fu'siL. n s. [Jusii, Fr.] 
 
 1. A firelock ; a small neat musquet. 
 
 2. [In heraldry; from /ms?^^, Lat.] Some- 
 thing like a spindle. 
 
 Fusils must be made long, and small in the mid- 
 dle, in the antient coat of Montague, argent 
 three fusils in fesse gules. Pcacham. 
 
 Fu'sinER. n. s. [£rom fttsiL] A soldier 
 
 armed with a fusil ; a musketeer. 
 Fu'sioN. n. s. [Jusioy Ijit. fusion, Fr.] 
 
 1 , The act of melting. 
 
 2. The state of being melted, or of run- 
 ning with heat. 
 
 Metals in fusion do not flame for want of a co- 
 pious fume, except spelter,which fumes copiously, 
 and thereby flames. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 Fuss, n, s, [A low cant word.] A tu- 
 mult ; a bustle. 
 
 End as it befits your station, 
 Come to use and application ; 
 Nor with senates keep a fuss- 
 I submit, and answer thus. Siciji. 
 
 FUST. n. s. [fuste, Fr.] 
 
 r u T 
 
 1. The trunk or body ofa column. 
 
 2. [From fuste, Fr.] A strong smell, as 
 that ofa no il ly barrel. 
 
 To Fust. v. n. [from the noun.] To grow 
 
 mouldy ; to smell ill. 
 FUSTI.AN. n. s. [jutaine, Fr. from fuste 
 
 a tree, because cotton grows on trees.] 
 
 1. A kind of cloth made of linen and cot- 
 ton, and j)erhaps now of cotton only. 
 
 Is supper read^ , the hou^e trimm'd the serving- 
 nieii ill their new _/'iLS(ur( and their %%hite stock- 
 iii*,'s ? SJiakejp, 
 
 2. A high swelling kind of writitig made 
 up of heterogeneous parts, or of words 
 and ideas ill associated ; bombast. 
 
 Nor will voii raise in me combustion. 
 By diju of hijih hcro'lck fustian. Hudibras. 
 
 '\\\uit fustian have 1 heard these gentlemen find 
 out in ^Ir. Com levy's odes! In general, I will say, 
 that nothing can appear more beautiful to rae than 
 the strength of those images which they cundemn. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fusti m is thoughts and words ill sorted, aiid 
 without the least relation to each otlier. Dryden. 
 
 Chance thoughts, when govern'd by the close, 
 Oft rise Xiifust'utn, or descend to prose. Smith. 
 
 Fu'sTiN. adj. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. Made of fustian. 
 
 2. Swelling ; unnaturally pompous ; ridi- 
 culously tumid. Used of slile. 
 
 When men argue, th' greatest part 
 ()' th' contest falls on terms of art. 
 Until ihe fustian stuff be spent. 
 And then they fall to the argument. Hudihrag. 
 Virgil, if he could have seen the first verses of 
 the SylviB, would have thought Statius mad in his 
 fustian description of the statue on the brazen horse. 
 Dryden' s Difresnoy, 
 
 Fu'STic. n. s. A sort of wood brought 
 from the West Indies, used in dying of 
 cloth. Diet. 
 
 To Fustigate, v. a. [fusligo, Lat.] To 
 beat with a stick ; to cane. Diet. 
 
 Fustila'kian. n.s. [from/t«/^.] A low 
 fellow ; a stinkard ; a scoundrel. A 
 word used by Shakespeare only. 
 
 Awav, von scullion, yuu rampallian, you fusti- 
 larian : I'll tickle your catastrophe. Shakesp. 
 
 Fu'sTiNESS. n. s. [from fusty.] Moul- 
 
 diness; stink. 
 Fusty, adj. [from fust.] Ill-smelling ; 
 mouldy. 
 
 Hector shall have a great catch, if be knock 
 
 out either of your brains : he were as good ctack 
 
 afustv nut with no kernel. Stiahcsp. 
 
 The fusty plebeians hate thine honours. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie large Achilles, at this fusty stuir, 
 
 From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 FUTILE, adj. [futile, Yr. fulilis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Talkative ; loquacious. 
 
 Oiitfutile person, that makelh it his glory lo 
 tell, will do more hurt than many that know it 
 their duty to conce.-il. /Won. 
 
 2. Trifliiig; worthless; of no weight. 
 Futility, n.s. [futilile, Tr.fromfutile.] 
 
 1. Talkativeness; loquacity. 
 
 This fable docs not strike so much at the /"iiti/itj 
 of woman, as at the incontinent levity of a'prying 
 humour. LTstrange. 
 
 2. Triflingness; want of weight; want 
 of solidity. 
 
 Trifling /u(i/i(i/appears in their signs of the zo- 
 
 diack,and their mutual relations and aspects, litnt. 
 FuTTOCKS. n. s. [corrupted from foot 
 
 hooks. Skinner.] The lower timbers 
 
 that hold the ship together. 
 FUTURE, adj. [futurus, Lat. Jutur, Fr.] 
 
 5 H 7&5
 
 F U T 
 
 That wliicli will be hereafter ; to come: 
 as, the juture state, 
 
 Glinv tlit_)' siini^ to the most High ! good will 
 To fnlnre iiifit, ami in ilieir dwelhiigs |)cace. Milt. 
 
 fie snws thf teeth at Pallas's ciiiiiinand, 
 And HiMLrs tlie^»fure people from his hand. 
 
 Adiiistm^s Ovid. 
 
 Fu'ture. n. s. [from the adjective] Time 
 to come ; somewhat to happen here- 
 after. 
 
 Thy letters liave transported nie heyond 
 This ign'rant present time; nnd I feel now 
 TheJ'nturc ill the instant. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its 
 power, either is disabled for the future, or else 
 checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Fu'ruRELY. adv. [fromyw^Mre.] In time 
 to come. 
 
 This prescience of God, as it is prescience, is 
 not the cause of any iU'iug future ly succeeding; 
 neitiier doth God's aforeknuwledge impose any 
 necessity, or bind. Raleigh. 
 
 Futuri'tion. n. s. [£vom future.] The 
 state of being to be : tiie condition of 
 being come to pass hereafter. 
 
 r u T 
 
 Is it imaginable that the great means of the 
 world's redemption should rest only in the number 
 of possibilities, and hang so lose in respect of its 
 fiiturition, as to leave the event in an equal poise, 
 whether ever there should be such a thing or no ? 
 
 South. 
 
 Futu'rity. w. s. [i'vom future.] 
 
 1. Time to come ; events to come. 
 
 Not my service past, rmr present sorrows, 
 Nor purpos'd merit infuturity, 
 Can random me. * Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 1 will contrive some way to make it known to 
 futurity, that I had your lordship ftir my patron. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 2. Event to come. 
 
 All futurities are naked before that All-seeing 
 Eye, the siolit of which is no more hindred by 
 distance of time Than the sight of an angel can he 
 determined by distance of place. South. 
 
 Tliis, frreat Amphiarus, lay hid from thee. 
 Thou skill'd in fate and dark futuritii. Pope. 
 
 3. The state of being to be ; futurition. 
 
 It may he well reckoned among the bare possi- 
 bilities, which never commence into a futurity ; it 
 requiring such a free, sedate and intent mind, as 
 it may be, is no where found but among the pla- 
 tonical ideas. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 F Y 
 
 To FUZZ. V. n. [without etymology.] To 
 fly out in small particles. 
 
 Fu'zzBALL. n. s, [fuzz and ball.] A kind 
 of fungus which, when pressed, bursts 
 and scatters dust in the eyes. 
 
 Fy. interj. [fi/^ Fr. and Flem. p7v, Gr. 
 va/i, Lat.] A word of blame and dis- 
 approbation. 
 
 And/y on fortune, mine avowed foe. 
 Whose wrathful wreaks themselves do now allay. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Fy, my lord.^y/ a soldier, and afraid? What 
 need we fear wlio knows it, when none can call 
 our power to account ? Shakesp. 
 
 A bawd, sir, /y upon him ! Shakesp. 
 
 Butjy.my wand'ring muse, how thou do'st stray ! 
 Expectance calls thee now another way. Milton, 
 
 Nay, J'v, what mean you in this open place ? 
 Unhand me, or, I swear, I'll scratch your face : 
 Let go, for shame ; you make me mad for spite : 
 My mouth's my own ; and if you kiss, I'll bite. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Fy, madam, he cried, we must be past all these 
 gaieues. Tatler, 
 
 G. 
 
 GAB 
 
 f~^ HAS two sounds, one from the Greek 
 ^-^ r, and the Latin, which is called that 
 of the hard G, because it is formed by a 
 pressure somewhat hard of the forepart 
 of the tongue against the upper gum. 
 This sound G retains before a, o, u, I, r ; 
 as, gate, go, gull. The other sound, 
 called that of the soft G, resembles that 
 of J, and is commonly, though not al- 
 ways, found before e, i ; as, gtm, gibbet. 
 Before n, at the end of a word, g is com- 
 monly melted away ; as in the French, 
 from which these words are commonly 
 derived: thus, for benign, maUgn, con- 
 dign, we pronounce, benine, maline, 
 condine. It is often silent in the middle 
 of the words before li; as, might. The 
 Saxon D, 5, seems to have had generally 
 the sound of 4/ consonant ; whence gate 
 is by rusticks still pronounced i/ate. 
 
 Ga'bardine. n. s. [gavardina, Ital.] A 
 coarse frock ; any mean dress. 
 
 My best way is to creep under his gabardine ; 
 tliere is no otiier slielter liereabouts. Shakesp. 
 
 You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, 
 And spit upon my Jewish gabardine. Shahesp. 
 
 The knielit did strait submit, 
 And laid his weapons at her feet: 
 Next he disrob'd his gabardine. 
 And with it did himself resign. Hudibras. 
 
 To Ga'bble. v. n. [gabbare, Ital. gabbe- 
 ren, Dut.] 
 
 1, To make an inarticidate noise. 
 
 When thou could'st not, savage, 
 Shew thine own meaning, but would'st^aft6/e like 
 A thing most brutish, 1 endow'd thy purposes 
 With words that made them known. Shakesp. 
 
 GAB 
 
 Flocks of fowl, that when the tempest roar. 
 With their hoarse gabbling seek the silent shoar. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To prate loudly without meaning. 
 
 Have 3'ou no wit, manners, nor honesty, but to 
 gabble like tinkers at this time of night? Do ye 
 make an alehouse of my lady's house ? 
 
 Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 Which made some think, when he did gabble, 
 Th' had heard three labourers of Babel. Hudibras. 
 
 Such a rout, and such a rabble, 
 Run to hear Jack Pudding gabble. Swift, 
 
 Ga'bble. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Inarticulate noise like that of brute 
 animals. 
 
 Not to know what we speak one to another, so 
 
 we seem to know, is to know straight our purpose : 
 
 chough's language, E^'T^fcZeenouL^h and good enough. 
 
 Shakesp. All's u'ell that ends icell. 
 
 2. Loud talk witliout meaning. 
 Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud 
 
 Ainont^ the builders j each to other calls. 
 
 Not understood. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Ga'bbler. n. s. [from gabble.] A prater ; 
 
 a chattering fellow. 
 Ga'bel. n. s. [gabello, Fr. gabella, Ital. 
 
 jacel, Sax. a tribute.] An excise ; a tax. 
 
 Ihe gabels of Naples are very high on oil, wine, 
 and tobacco. Addison on Ita^y. 
 
 GABION, n. s. [Fr.] A wicker basket 
 which is filled with earth to make a for- 
 tification or intrenchment. 
 
 His battery was defended all along with eahions, 
 and casks filled with sand. Knoltes. 
 
 GA'BLii. n. s. [gaval, Welsh ; gabky Fr.] 
 The sloping roof of a building. 
 
 Take care that all your brick-work be covered 
 
 with the tiling, according to the new way of 
 
 building,without^a6/e ends, which are very heavy, 
 
 and very apt to let the water into the brick-wort. 
 
 Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 GAD 
 
 Gad. n. s, [3ab, Sax. gaddur, Islandick, 
 a club.] 
 
 1. A wedge or ingot of steel. 
 
 Flemish steel is brought down the Rhine to 
 Dort, and other parts, some in bars, and some in 
 gnds ; and therefore called Fleniisli steel, and 
 sometimes gad steel. Moxons Mcch. Exer. 
 
 2. It seems to be used by Shakespeare for a 
 stile or graver, [from ^ab, Sax. a goad.] 
 
 I will go get a leaf of brass. 
 And with a gad ofsteel will write these words. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Gad. r. m. [Derived by Skinver from 
 gadjiy ; by Junius from gadaw, Welsh, 
 to forsake ; thought by others only the 
 preterite of the old word agaan to go.] 
 To ramble about without any settled 
 purpose ; to rove loosely and idly. 
 
 How now, my headstrong, wliere have you 
 been gadding ? 
 —Where I have learnt me to repent. Shakesp. 
 
 Give the water no passage, neither a wicked 
 woman liberty to gad abroad. Eccles. xxv. 25. 
 
 The lesser devils arose with ghastly rore, 
 And throjiged forlh about the world to gad ; 
 Each land "they fiU'd, river, stream and shore. 
 
 Fairfai. 
 
 Envy is a gadding passion, and walkcth'the 
 streets, aiid doth not Tteep home. Bacon. 
 
 Gad not abroad atev'ry quest and call 
 Of an untrained hope or passion ; 
 To court each place or fortune that doth fall, 
 Is wantonness in contemplation. Herbert. 
 
 Thee, shepherd, thee the woods and desart caves, 
 With wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown, 
 And all their echo s moan. Milton. 
 
 A fierce loud buzzing breeze ; their slings draw 
 blood, 
 And drive the cattle gadf/m^ through the wo<»d,Drj/. 
 
 She wreaks her anger on her rival's head j 
 With furies frights her from her native liome. 
 And drives her gaddivg, round the world to roam. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 78(3
 
 G A G 
 
 There's an ox lost, and lliis coxcomb runs a 
 eadding aftt-r wild f-iwl. L'Estrange. 
 
 No wonder ihiir thoinjits blinuld be perneiually 
 shifting from wliiU disiiusls lliein. aiid seek belter 
 entertainment in more uleasing objects, after 
 which thej will uTiavuidably be gadding. Lmke. 
 Gadder. ;;. «. [tVom ij-nrf.] A ramlilci- ; 
 one that runs much abroad without 
 
 business. 
 
 A drunken woman, and a gaddtr abroad, causeth 
 ereat aiioer, and she will not cover her own slianic. 
 ^ ° Eccks. xxvi. 8. 
 
 Ga'ddingly. adv. [from gad.] In a 
 rambling, rovinp manner. 
 
 Ga'dfly. n. s. [gad imdfl!/; but by 
 .SVtiHHfr, who makes it the original of ^Tzrf, 
 it is called goai/Jli/. Supposed to beoriiji- 
 nally from goad, in Saxon ^::b, and////.] 
 A fly that when he stings the cattle makes 
 them gad or run madly about; the breese. 
 The fly called the i:i'iljiti breedelli of soniew bat 
 that swiinnielb upon the top of the water, and is 
 most about ponds. Bucms Xut. llisiory. 
 
 Light fly his slumbers, if perchance a flight 
 Of angry 'gadfiks fasten on the herd. Thomson. 
 
 Gaff. n. s. A harpoon or large hook. 
 
 Ainsworlh. 
 
 Gaffer, w. s. [jepil^e companion. Sax.] 
 A word of respect now obsolete, or ap- 
 plied only in contempt to a mean person. 
 
 for gaffer Treadwcll told us by the bye. 
 Excessive sorrow is exceeding dry. Gay'* Pastorals. 
 Ga'ffles. n. s. [gapelucaj" spears, Sax.] 
 
 1. Artificial spurs put upon cocks when 
 they are set to fight. 
 
 2. A steel contrivance to bend cross-bows. 
 
 Ainsu'orlh. 
 To Gag. v. n. [from gaghel, Dut. the pa- 
 late, jMinshcw.] To stop the mouth with 
 something that may allow to breathe, 
 but hinder to speak. 
 
 He's out of liis gnard already ; unless you laugh 
 and minister occasion to him, be is gagg'd. 
 
 Shahesp. Twelfth^ Night. 
 
 There foam'd rebellious logick, gagg'd and 
 
 bound. Pope. 
 
 Gag. n.s. [from the verb.] Something put 
 
 into the mouth to hinder speech or eating. 
 
 Some, when the kids tlicir dams too deeply drain, 
 
 ^^'ithg(Igs and muzzles their soft mouths restrain. 
 
 Dnjdcn. 
 
 Your woman would have run up stairs before 
 
 me ; but I have secured her below with a gag in 
 
 her chaps. Vryden, 
 
 Gage. n. s. [gage, Fr.] 
 1. A pledge ; a pawn ; a caution ; any 
 thing given in security. 
 
 He, when the shamed shield of slain Sansfov 
 He spy'd, with that same fairy champion's page. 
 He to him leapt ; and that same envious gage, 
 Of victor's glory from him snatcht away. 
 
 Faiit; Queen, 
 There I throw my gage, 
 Disclaiming here the kindred of a king. 
 And lay aside my high blood's royalty. Skakesp. 
 
 There is my gage, the manual seal of death. 
 That marks thee out for hell. Shakcsp. 
 
 They from their mothers breasts poor orphans 
 rend. 
 Nor witlumt gages to the needy lend. Sandys. 
 
 I am made the cautionary pledge. 
 The gage and hostage of your keeping it. 5i>i((ftem. 
 
 But since it was decreed, auspicious king, 
 Xn Britain's right that thou should'st wed the main, 
 Heav'n, as a ga^e, would cast some )>revi(His thing, 
 Ai\d therefore rioora'd that Lawson should be slain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 In any truth, that gets not possession of our 
 minds by self-evidence or demonstration, the ar- 
 guments that gain it assent, are the vouchers atid 
 gage of its probability. Locke. 
 
 G A I 
 
 2. A measure ; a rule of measuring. 
 
 One jiulces, as the wtuther dictates, rrglit 
 The poem Is at noon, and wrong at niglit ; 
 Another (iidpes 1)^ a surer g«n-e, 
 An authi.r's princijties or parentage. Young. 
 
 To Gagk. v. a. [gog€7\ Fr.] 
 
 1 . To wa^er ; to depone as a wager ; to 
 impawn ; to give as a caution, pledge, 
 or security. 
 
 A tnuicty competent 
 Was gcged by our kint:. Shakesp. 
 
 HeViMiud the Turki^li merchants m;iking merry : 
 unto these mcrciiants lie irave due sulututiuns, 
 gaging his faith for tlieir safety, and tliey likewise 
 tu him. KjioUes's History. 
 
 2. To bind by some caution or surety; to 
 
 engage. 
 
 ^Iv chief care 
 Is to come fairly oiVfroin the great dehts 
 \\ herein niy time, something too prodigal, 
 Ilath left me gaged. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To measure; to take the contents of 
 ;my vessel of liquids particularly. More 
 properly garts^c. See Gauge. 
 
 \Ve shall see your bearing. 
 —Nay, but I bar to-nij:ht : you shall not gnge me 
 By what we do to-niglit. Shakes}). 
 
 To Ga'gglk. v. 7h [":agen, gageleUy Dut.] 
 
 To make a noise like a goose. 
 
 Birds prune their feathers, geese gaggle, and 
 crows seem to call upon rain ; which is but the 
 comfort they receive in the relenting of the air. 
 
 Bacon^s Natural History. 
 May fat geese ii-a^^/e with melodi(ms voice, 
 And ne'er want gooseberries or apple-sauce. 
 
 King. 
 
 Ga'ily. adi\ [from gai/.] 
 
 1. Airily ; cheerfully. 
 
 2. Splendidly. See Gayly, 
 GAIN. 71. s, [gaiuj Fr.] 
 
 1. Profit; advantage; contrary to /o55. 
 But what things were gain to me. those 1 
 
 counted loss fur Christ. Phil iii. 7. 
 
 Besides the purpose it were now, to teach how- 
 victory should be used, or the gnins there<tf com- 
 municated to the general consent. Haleii^h. 
 
 Havock and spoil, and ruin arc ray gain. Milton. 
 
 It is in ]>raise of men as in gettings and gains; 
 for light gains make heavy purses ; for light gains 
 come thick, whereas great come but now and 
 then. Bacon's Essavs. 
 
 This must he made by some governor upon bis 
 own private account, who has a great stock that lie 
 is content to turn that wa^', and is invited by the 
 gains. Temple. 
 
 Compute the gains of tiis ungovern'd zeal, 
 111 suits his cloth the praise of railing well. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 Folly fights for kings or dives for gain. Vi^pc. 
 
 2. Interest ; lucrative views. 
 
 That, sir, wbicli serves for gain. 
 And follows but fur form, 
 
 Will pack, when it begins to rain, 
 And leave thee in the storm. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Unlawful advantage. 
 
 Did I make a gain of you by any of them whom 
 
 I sent unto you ? 2 Cor, xii. 17. 
 
 If pride, if envy, if the lust of gain, \ 
 
 If mad ambition in thy bosom reign, i 
 
 Thou boast'st, alas ! thy sober sense in vain. 5 
 
 ' Fitzgerald. 
 
 4. Overplus in a comparative computa- 
 tion; any thing opposed to loss. 
 
 To Gain. v. a. [gagner, Fr.] 
 
 1. To obtain as profit or advantage. 
 
 Egypt became a £^ai/ieif ground by the muddy 
 and llmeous matter brought down by the Nilus, 
 which settled by degrees into a I'lrm land. 
 
 Broicjis Vulg. Krr. 
 He gains, tu live as Man, 
 Higher degree <.f life. Milton. 
 
 VVhat reinforcement we may gain from lu»pe. 
 
 IlJi/(i>ij. 
 
 G A I 
 
 2. To win ; not to lose. 
 
 A leper once Ii-: lost, and gaind a king. MilUm. 
 
 3. To have tlie overplus in comparative 
 computation. 
 
 If you have two vessels to fill, and you empty 
 one to fill the oilier, you gain nothing by that. 
 
 hnrntVs Ttieory of the F.arih. 
 
 4. To obtain ;* to procure; to receive, 
 
 I acceptance found, which gaind 
 This answer from the gracious voice divine. 
 
 Mittm. 
 
 That side from small reflexion gaim 
 Of glimm'ring air, less vcx'd with tempest loud. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 If such a tradition were endeavoured t» be set 
 on foot, it is not easy to imagine how it should at 
 first gain entertainment ; but much lunre difficult 
 to conceive however it should come to he univer- 
 sally propagated. Tillotum's i^ermoTis. 
 
 lur fame with toil wc gain, but lu^e with ease, 
 Sure some to vex, but never all to please. Poj>e. 
 
 5. To obtain increase of any thing allotted. 
 1 know that ye would gain tlie time, because \e 
 
 see the king is gone from mc. Dan. ii.8, 
 
 G. To obtain wliatever, good or bad. 
 
 Ye should not have l;-osed from Crete, and have 
 gained this harm and loss. Acts, xxvii. 21. 
 
 7. To win against opposition. 
 
 Thej' who were sent to the other |>ass, after a 
 short resistance, gained it. ClarenHon. 
 
 Fat fees from the defended Umbrian draws, 
 And only gains the wealthy client's cause. 
 
 Drydens Ptrs. 
 
 O love ! for Sylvia let me gain the prize, 
 And make my li;ngue victorious as her eyes. Pope. 
 
 8. To draw into any interest or party. 
 
 Come, with presents, laden from the port. 
 To gratify the queen and gain tlic court. Dn/Jen. 
 
 If Pyrrhus nnist be wrought to pity. 
 No woman does it better than yourself : 
 If YOU fain him, I shall cuniply of course. 
 
 ^ A. PhUii ;. 
 
 9. To obtain as a wooer. 
 
 He never shall find out fit mate, but such 
 As some misfortune brings him, or mistake. 
 Or whom he wishes most shall selrlom gain 
 Through her perverseness, but shall see her gaind 
 By a far worse. MiUon. 
 
 10. To reach ; to attain. 
 
 The West still glimmers with some streaks of day: 
 Now spurs the hited traveller apace. 
 To gain the timely inn. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Death was the post, which I almost did gain: 
 Shall I once more be tost into the main ? u'ullcr. 
 
 Sun ! sound his praise 
 In thy eternal course, both when thou climb'st 
 And when high noon hast gaiitV, and when thou 
 fall'st. MiUon. 
 
 We came to the roots of tlie mountain, and had 
 a very troublesome march to gain the top of it. 
 
 Addison on Ualy. 
 Thus sav'd from death, they gain the Phestan 
 shores, 
 ^Vitl^ shatter'd vessels and disabled oars. Pope 
 
 11. To gain ovtr. To draw to another 
 party or interest. 
 
 The court of Hanover should have endeavoured 
 to gain over those who were represented as their 
 enemies. Swift. 
 
 To Gain. v. n, 
 
 1. To grow rich; to have advantage; to 
 be advanced in interest or happiness. 
 
 Thou hast taken usury and increase, and thou 
 hast grcediU gained of thy neighbours by exter- 
 tions. " Fse^. xxii. V^. 
 
 2. To encroach; to come forward by de- 
 grees: with on. 
 
 When watchful herons leave their watry stand. 
 And mounting upward with erected flight, 
 (rain cm the skies, and soar above the sight. 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 So on the land, while here the ocean gains. 
 In other parts it leaves wide sandy plains. Pope. 
 
 7t>7
 
 G A I 
 
 3. To get ground; to prevail against: 
 with on. 
 
 The English have not on\y rained upon the Ve- 
 netians in' the Levant, but liave their cloth in 
 Venice itself. _ Addison. 
 
 4. To obtain influence with: with on. 
 
 Sly good behaviour had gained so far cm the em- 
 peror, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. 
 * Su-ift. 
 
 Gain. adj. [an old word now out of use.] 
 Handy ; ready ; dexterous. 
 
 Preface to the Accidence. 
 Ga'iner. n. s. [from gain.] One who 
 receives profit or advantage. 
 
 The client, besides retaining a clear conscience 
 is alw.iys Rgainer, and by no means can be at any 
 loss, as seeing, if the composition be overhard, he 
 may relieve himself by recourse to his oath. Bacon. 
 
 If what I get in empire 
 I lose in fame, I think myself no ^amtr. 
 
 -. . , , . Denhajn's Snphy. 
 
 He that loses any thnig, and gets wisdom by it 
 IS a gainer by the loss. L'Estrange. 
 
 By trade, we are as great gainers by the com- 
 modities of other countries as of our own nation. 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Ga'inful. adj. [gain and/u//.'] 
 
 1. Advantageous; profitable. 
 
 He will dazzle his eyes, and bait him in with the 
 luscious proposal of some gainful purchase, some 
 rich match, or advantageims project. Sintih. 
 
 2. Lucrative ; productive of money. 
 Nor knows he merchants gainful care. Drydcn. 
 IMaro's muse commodious precepts ^ives. 
 
 Instructive to the swains, nor wholly bent 
 On what isgniii/iii; sometimes she diverts 
 Frnm solid counsels. Philips. 
 
 Ga'infully. adv. [from gainful.] Pro- 
 fitably ; advantageously. 
 Ga'infulness. n. s. [from gainful] 
 
 Profit ; advantage. 
 Ga'ingiving. n. s. ['gainst and give.] 
 The same as misgiving; a giving against: 
 as gainsaying which is still in use, is 
 saying against, or contradicting. 
 
 It is but foolery ; but it is such kind o{gaiwii}- 
 ing as would, perhaps, trouble a woman. ° 
 
 Shahesp. Hamlet. 
 Ga'inless. adj. [from gain.] Unprofit- 
 able ; producing no advantage. 
 Ga'inlessness. m. s. [from gainless.] 
 Unprofitableness ; want of advantao-e. 
 
 The parallel holds too in the gainlessness as well 
 as laboriousness of the work : miners, buried in 
 earth and darkness, were never the richer for all 
 the ore they digged ; no more is the insatiable 
 ™^"- Vecay.fPicly. 
 
 Ga'inly. adv. [from gai?!.] Handily; 
 
 readily; dexterously. Out of use. 
 To Ga'insay. v. a. ['gai7ist and sai/.] 
 
 1. To contradict; to oppose; to contro- 
 vert with; to dispute against. 
 
 Speeches which gainsay one another, must of 
 necessity be api)liedboth"unto one and the same 
 ^"^Ject. Hooker. 
 
 I 00 facile then, thou didst not much gainsay ; 
 Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss, ililt. 
 
 2. To deny any thing. 
 
 I never heard yet 
 That any of those bolder vices wanted 
 I-ess impudence to gainsay what they did, 
 Than to perform it hrst. ' Shakesp. 
 
 Gainsa'yer. n. s. [from gainsay.] Op- 
 ponent ; adversary. 
 
 Such as may satisfy gainsayers, when suddenly 
 and besides expectation, they require the same at 
 our hands. Hooker 
 
 We are, for this cause, challenged as manifest 
 gainsayers of Scripture, even in that which we read 
 for Scripture unto the people. Hooker 
 
 GAL 
 
 It was full matter of conviction to aU gainsayers. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Others sought themselves a name by being his 
 
 gainsaying, but failed of their purpose. "Fell. 
 
 Gainst, prep, [for agai7ist.] See 
 Against. 
 
 Tremble, ye nations I who, secure before, 
 Laugh'd at those arms, that 'gainst ourselves we 
 bore. Dryden. 
 
 To Ga'instand. v. a. ['gainst and stand.] 
 To withstand ; to oppose; to resist. A 
 j)roper word, but not in use. 
 
 Love proved himself valiant, that durst with 
 the sword of reverent duty gnmstmii; the force of 
 so many enraged desires. Sidney. 
 
 G.V'IRl.SH. adj. [jeppian to dress fine, 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. Gaudy ; showy ; splendid ; fine. 
 Three or four will outrage in apparel, huge hose, 
 
 monstrous hats, and gairish colours. Aschani. 
 
 _ I cdl'd thee then pnor shadow, painted queen. 
 
 The presentation of hut what I was ; 
 
 A mother, only niockd with two fair babes ; 
 
 A dream of what Ihnu wast, a gairish flag. 
 
 To he the aim of every dangerous shot. S/iotep. 
 
 There in close covert by some brook. 
 Where no profaner eye may look. 
 Hide me from liuy's gairish eye. Milton. 
 
 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. 
 Fame and glory transport a man out of himself: 
 
 it niakes the mind loose and gairish, scatters the 
 spirits, and leaves a kind of dissolution upon all 
 the faculties. South. 
 
 Ga'irishness. n. s. [from gairish.] 
 
 1. Finery ; flaunting gaudiness. 
 
 2. Flighty or extravagant joy. 
 Let your ho[]e bo wiihout vanity, or gairishness 
 
 of spirit, but sober, grave, and silent. Taylor. 
 
 Gait, w s. [gat, Dut.] 
 
 1 . A way : as, gang your gait. 
 
 Good youth, address thy gait unto her; 
 Be not denied access, stand at her duor. Shakesp. 
 
 2. March ; walk. 
 Nought regarding, they kept on their gaiV, 
 
 And all her vain allurements did forsake. Fairy Q. 
 ^ Thou art so lean and meagre waxen lale. 
 That scarce thy legs uphold thy feeble gait. 
 
 Hubb. Tale. 
 
 3. The manner and air of walking. 
 
 Great Juno comes ; I know her by her gait. 
 
 ,.,,.,. . Shakesp. 
 
 tie had in his person, in his aspect, the appear- 
 ance of a great man, which he preserved in his 
 gait and motion. Clarendon. 
 
 A third, who, by his gait 
 And fierce demeanour, seems the prince of hell. 
 
 Milton. 
 Leviathans 
 Wallowing, unwieldy, enormous in theirgaif. 
 
 ,. J Milton. 
 
 I describ'd his way. 
 Bent all on speed, and mark'd his airy gait. Milt 
 
 Gala'ge. ra. s. A shepherd's clog. Not 
 in use. 
 
 My heart-blood is well ninh frorne, X feel ; 
 And my galage grown fast to my heel. Spenser. 
 
 Gala'ngal. n. 
 medicinal root. 
 
 The lesser galangal is in pieces, about an inch 
 or two long, of the thickness of a man's little fin- 
 ger ; a brownish red colour, extremely hot and 
 Ijungent. The larger galangal is in pieces, about 
 two inches or more in length, and an inch in 
 thickness : its colour is brown, with a faint cast of 
 red in it: it has a disagreeable, but much less 
 acrid and pungent taste. Hill. 
 
 Gala'xy. n. s. [ya^«|i«; galaxie, Fr.] 
 The milky way : a stream of light in the 
 sky, consisting of many small stars. 
 
 A broad and ample road, whose dust is gold. 
 And pavement stars, as stars to thee appear. 
 Seen in the galaiy. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 GAL 
 
 A brown, for which heaven would disband 
 1 he galu.xy and slars be tann'd. Cleaveland. 
 
 Several lights will not be seen. 
 If there be nothing else between; 
 Men doubt, because they stand so thick i' th' sky. 
 If those be stars that paint the galaxy. Cowley. 
 
 \Ve dare not undertake to shew what advantage 
 is brought to us by those innumerable stars in tlie 
 S"'"'l- Bentley. 
 
 GALBANUM. n. .i. 
 
 We meet wiih gulbanum sometime! in loose 
 granules, called dropsof tears, which is the purest, 
 and sometimes in large masses. It is soft, like 
 wax, and ductile between the finders; of a yel- 
 lowish or reddish colour: its smell is strons and 
 disagreeable. It is of a middle nature between a 
 gum and a resin, being inflammable as a resin, and 
 soluble in water as a gum, and will not dissolve 
 in oil as pure resins do. It is the produce of an 
 umbelliferous plant. fim 
 
 It yielded indeed a pleasant odour, like the best 
 myrrh; an galbamim. Ecclcs. -xx'iv. 15. 
 
 Gale. n. 4-. [ga/iling hasty, sudden, Ger- 
 man.] A wind not tempestuous, yet 
 stronger than a breeze. 
 
 What happy gale 
 Blows you to Padua here, from old Verona ? Shak. 
 
 Winds 
 Of gentlest gak Arabian odours fann'd 
 From their soft wings, and Flora's earliest smells. 
 
 r- 1 , , , . Milton. 
 
 i'resh gales and gentle air. Milton. 
 Umbria s green retreats. 
 
 Where western o-«(es eternally reside. Addison. 
 
 Ga'leated. adj. [galeatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Covered as with a helmet. 
 
 A galeated cschiiius copped, and in shape some- 
 what more conick than any of the foreeoing. 
 
 ^Voodward on Fossils. 
 
 2. [In botany.] Such plants as bear a 
 flower resembling an helmet, as the 
 monkshood. 
 
 s. [galunge, Fr.] A 
 
 Galeri'culate. adj. [from ^a/en«, Lat] 
 Covered as with a hat. 
 
 Ga'liot. n. s. [galiotte. Fr.] A 
 galley or sort of brigantine, built very 
 slight and fit for chase. It caniee but 
 one mast, and two or three pattereroes. 
 It can both sail and row, and has sixteen 
 or twenty seats for the rowers, with one 
 man to each oar. Diet. 
 
 Barbarossa sent two notable pyrates with thirty 
 galiots, who, landing their men, were valiantly 
 encountered and forced again to their galiot 
 
 Knolles's History. 
 
 GALL. n. s. [jeala. Sax. galle, Dut.] 
 
 1. The bile, an animal juice remarkable 
 for its supposed bitterness. 
 
 Come to ray woman's breas' 
 And take my milk for gall, youmurthering mi- 
 nisters ! Shakesp. 
 
 A honey tongue, a heart of gall. 
 Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall. Shakesp. 
 
 This position informs us of a vulg.-^r erroiir, 
 terming the gall bitter, as their proverb implies 
 It's as bitter as ga//; whereas tiiere is nothing gust- 
 able sweeter; and what is most unctuous must 
 needs partake of a sweet savour. Harvey. 
 
 Gall is the greatest lesolvent of curdled milk : 
 Boerhaave has given at a time one drop of {hi: gall 
 of an eel with success. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 2. The part which contains the bile. 
 The married couple, as a testimony of future 
 
 concord, did cast Ihc gall of the sacrifice behind 
 the altar. Brown. 
 
 3. Any thing extremely bitter. 
 'Thither write, my queen 
 
 And with mine eyes I'll drink the words vou send. 
 Though ink be made of gall. Shakesp. Cymbelinc. 
 
 Poison he their drink ! 
 Gall, worse than gall, the daintiest meat they taste! 
 
 Shake.<p. 
 
 788 
 
 ittle
 
 GAL 
 
 She still insults, anil you must still adore ; 
 Grant that the honey's much, the guU ismore. 
 
 Vrndcn s Juvenal. 
 
 4. Rancour ; malignity. 
 
 They did great hurt unto his title, and have left 
 R perpetual gall in the minds of the people. 
 '^ Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 5. Anger; bitterness of mind. 
 
 Suppose your hero were a lover, 
 'f houL'h he liefure had gall and rage ; 
 He grows dispirited and low, , 
 
 He hates the fight, and shuns the hlow. J nor. 
 
 G. A sliglit hurt by fretting off the skin. 
 
 [From the verb. ] 
 
 This is the fatalist wound ; as mncli superior to 
 the former, as a gangrene is to a t;all or scratch. 
 
 Government oj the imgue. 
 
 7. [From galla.] 
 
 Galls or galnuts are preternatural and acciden- 
 tal tumours, produced on trees ; but those of the 
 oak only are used in medicine. We have Oriental 
 and European galls: the Oriental are brought 
 frt.m Aleppo, of the bigness of a large nutmeg, 
 with tubercles on their surface, of a very firm tcx- 
 ture.and a disagreeable, acerb, and astringent taste. 
 The European galls are of the same size, with 
 perfectly smooth surfaces : they are light, often 
 spungy, and cavernous within, and always of a 
 lax texture. They have a less austere taste, and 
 are of much less "value than the first sort. The 
 general history of galls is this : An insect of the 
 fly kind wounds the branches of the trees, and in 
 the hole deposites her egg ; the lacerated vessels 
 of the tree discharging their contents, form a tu- 
 mour or woody case about the hole, where the 
 egg is thus defended from all injuries. This tu- 
 mour also serves for the food of the tender mag- 
 got, produced from the egg, which, as soon as it 
 IS ill its winged state, gnaws its way out, as ap- 
 pears from the hole fourid in the gall ; and where 
 no hole is seen, the maggot, or its remains, are 
 sure to be found within. It has been observed, 
 that the oak does not produce galls in cold coun- 
 tries : but this observation shall he confined to the 
 medicinal galls ; for all those excresceneies which 
 we call oaTt-apples, oak-grapes, and oak-cones, 
 are true galls, though less lirm in their texture. 
 
 ^ Hill. 
 
 Besides the acorns, the oak beareth gulls, oak- 
 apples, and oak-nuts. Bacon's Katuml Historii. 
 
 Malpighi, in his treatise of galls, under which 
 name he comprehends all preternatural and mor- 
 bose excrescences, demonstrates that all such 
 excrescences, where any insects are found, are 
 excited by some venenose liquor, which, together 
 with their eggs, such insects shed. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 The Aleppo galk, wherewith we make ink, are 
 no other tiian cases of insects, which are bred in 
 them. Derham. 
 
 To Gall. v. a. [galer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To hurt by fretting the skin. 
 
 I'll touch my point 
 With this contagion, that, if 1 gall him slightly. 
 It may be death. Shukcsp. Hamlet. 
 
 His yoke is easy, when by us embrac'd ; 
 But loads and galls, if on our necks 'tis cast. 
 
 Denhavi. 
 
 A carrier, when he would think of a remedy for 
 his galled horse, begins with casting his eye upon 
 all things. Locke. 
 
 On the monarch's speeck Achilles broke. 
 And furious thus, and interrupting spoke, 
 Tyrant, I well deserved thy galling cna'iu. Pope. 
 
 2. To impair ; to wear away. 
 
 He doth object, I am too great of birth ; 
 And that my state being galled with my expence, 
 I seek to heal it only by his wealth. Shahesp. 
 
 If it should fall down in a continual stream like 
 a river, it would gall the ground, wasli away plants 
 by the roots, and overthrow houses. Ray. 
 
 3. Toteaze; to fret ; to vex. 
 
 In hunour of that action, and to gall their 
 minds who did not so much commend it, he wrote 
 his book. Hooker. 
 
 What they seem contented with, even for that 
 very cause we reject ; and there is nothing hut it 
 
 GAL 
 
 pleaseth us the better, if we espy that it gallethi 
 them. _ Hooker. 
 
 When I shew justice, 
 I pity those 1 do not know ; 
 Which a dismiss'd (ifleiicc would after ga//. Shak. 
 
 All studies here I solemnly defy. 
 Save how to gall auil pinch this Bolingbroke. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 No man commits any sin but his conscience 
 smiles liim, and his guilty mind isfrequentlvm/feti 
 with llie remembrance of it. liltolson. 
 
 4. To harass ; to mischief; to keep in a 
 state of uneasiness. 
 
 Tlie Helots had gotten new heart, and with 
 divers sorts of shot from corners of streets and 
 house-windows /,^«//e(/ them. Sidney. 
 
 Light demilances from afar they throw, 
 Fasleli'd with leathern thongs, to gall the foe. 
 
 Drydcn's jEneid. 
 In our wars against the French of old, we used 
 to gall them with our long bows, at a greater 
 distance than they could shoot their arrows. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 To Gall. v. n. To fret. 
 
 I have seen you gleckirig and galling at tliis gen- 
 tleman twioe or thrice. Shakesp. 
 
 GA'LLANT. arlj. [galant, Fr. from gnla 
 fine dress, Span.] 
 
 1. Gay; well dressed; showy; splendid; 
 magnificent. 
 
 A place of broad rivers, wherein shall go no 
 galley with oars, neither shall gallant ships pass 
 thereby. h. xxxiii. 21. 
 
 The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave, 
 Subdu'd alike, all but one passion have. Waller. 
 
 2. Brave ; high spirited ; daring ; magna- 
 nimous. 
 
 Scorn, that any should kill his uncle, made him 
 seek his revenge in manner gallant enough. Sidney. 
 
 But, fare tliee well, thou art a gallant youth. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 A gallant man, whose thoughts fly at the hinhest 
 game, requires no further insight. -^'o^v- 
 
 3. Fine ; noble ; spacious. 
 
 There are no tricks in plain and simple faith ; 
 But hollow men, like horses hot at hand. 
 Make gallant shew and promise of tlieir mettle. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 4. Courtly with respect to ladies. 
 
 He discoursed, how gallant and how brave a 
 thing it would be for his higliness to make a jour- 
 ney into Spain, and to fetch home his mistress. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 When first the soul of love is sent abroad. 
 The gay troojis begin 
 
 In gallant thought to plume their painted wings. 
 
 Thomson. 
 Ga'llant. n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. A gay, sprightly, airy, splendid man. 
 
 The new proclamation. 
 —What is't for > 
 
 — The reformation of our travell'd galhints. 
 That fill the court with quarrels, talk, and taylors. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The gallants ait(\ lusty youths of Naples came 
 
 and offered themselves unto Vastius. Knolles, 
 
 I'he gallants, to protect the lady's right, 
 Tlieir fauchions brandish'd at the grisly spright. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Gallants, look to't, you say there are no sprights ; 
 But I'll come dance about your beds at nights. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. A whoremaster, who caresses women 
 to debauch them. 
 
 One, worn to pieces with age, shews himself a 
 youug gallant. Shakesp. 
 
 She had left the good man at home, and brought 
 away her gallant. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 3. A wooer ; one who cow'ts a woman 
 for marriage. In the two latter senses 
 it has commonly the accent on the last 
 syllable. 
 
 GAL 
 
 Ga'llantly. adv. [from gallant.'] 
 
 1. Gayly ; splendidly. 
 
 2. Bravely ; nobly ; generously. 
 
 You have not dealt so gallantly willi us a* » e 
 did with you in a paralkTcase ; last \ear a paper 
 was brought here from England, wliicli wc ordered 
 to be burnt by the coiiiinoii hangman. Swift. 
 
 Ga'llantrv. n. s. [gatantcric, Fr.] 
 
 1. Splendour of appearance; show; mag- 
 nificence; glittering grandeur; ostenta- 
 tious finery. 
 
 Make the sea shine with gallantry, and all^ 
 The English youth flock to their admiral. Wall:'. 
 
 2. Bravery ; nobleness ; generosity. 
 
 The eminence of your condilion, and the gal- 
 lantry oi your princqiies, will invite gentlemen lo 
 the useful and ennobling study of nature. 
 
 Olunville's Seeps. Prrface. 
 
 3. A number of gallants. 
 
 Hector, IJeiphobus, and all the gallantry if 
 Troy, I would have arm'd to-day. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Courtship; refined address to women. 
 The martial Moors, in gallantry rcfin'd. 
 
 Invent new arts to make their ciiarniers kind. 
 
 GruTii ('/.' • 
 
 5. Vicious love ; lewdness ; debauchery. 
 It looks like a sort of compounding between 
 
 virtue and vice, as if a woman were allowed to he 
 vicious, [irovided she be not a profligate ; as M 
 there were a certain point where gallantry ends 
 and infamy begins. Stiift. 
 
 Ga'lleass. n. s. [galens, Fr.] A heavy 
 low-built vessel, with both sails and 
 oars. It carries three masts, but they 
 cannot be lowered, as in a galley. It 
 has thirty two scats for rowers, and si.T 
 or seven slaves to each. They carry 
 three lire of guns at the head, and at the 
 stern there are two tire of guns. Diet. 
 The Venetians pretend they could set out, in 
 case of great necessity, tliirty men of war, a hun- 
 dred galleys, and tew'galleasses. Addison on Ita.y. 
 
 My father hath no less 
 Than three great argosies, besides two galleasses. 
 And twelve tight gallies. Shakes. 
 
 Galle'on. n. s. [gtiUon, Fr.] A large 
 ship with four or sometimes five decks, 
 now in use only among the Spaniards, 
 
 I assured them that I would stay for thc«i at 
 Trinidado, and that no force should drive rae 
 thence, except I were sunk, or set on fire by the 
 Spanish galleons. Raleigh's Apology. 
 
 The number of vessels were one hundred and 
 thirtv,whcreof galleasses and ga/to)is seventy-two, 
 goodly ships, like floating towers or castles. 
 
 Racon's War u-ith Spain. 
 
 Ga'llery. 11. s. [gahrie. Fr. deriveil by 
 Du Cange from galeria, low Latin, a 
 fine room.] 
 I . A kind of walk along the floor of a 
 house, into which the doors of the apart- 
 ments open ; in general, any building 
 of which the length much exceeds the 
 breadth. 
 
 In most part there had been framed by art such 
 pleasant arbours, that, one answering another. 
 they became a gallerv aloft from tree to tree, al- 
 most round al)out, which below gave a perfect 
 shadow. Sidney. 
 
 High lifted up were many lofty towers. 
 And goodly galleries fait overlaia. Spenser. 
 
 Your gallery 
 Have we pass'd thr<uigh, not without much coii- 
 Jeot. Shakesp. 
 
 The row of return on the banquet side, let it 
 be all stately galleries, in which galleries let tliere 
 be throe cupolas. Baeon. 
 
 A private gallery 'twixt til' apartments led. 
 Not to the foe yet known. """' 
 
 Dcnhafn. 
 
 :s9
 
 GAL 
 
 Nor is the shape of our cathedrals proper for our 
 preaching auditories, but ratlier the figure cjf an 
 ainphillteatre, with galleries gradually overlookint; 
 each other ; for into this contlitio'ii tlie parisli 
 churclies of Loudon are driviiit; apace, as apjicars 
 b_y Itie nian^- galleries every day built in them. 
 
 Orauiit. 
 
 There are covered galleries that lead from the 
 
 palace to five different churches. Addison. 
 
 2. The seats in the play liouse above the pit, 
 
 in which tlie meaner people sit. 
 
 While all its throats the guller)/ extends, 
 And all the thunder of the pit ascends. Pope. 
 
 Ga'lletyi.e. )i. s. I suppose this woiti 
 has tlie same import with gnllipot. 
 
 JMake a conipound body of glass and cralletxile : 
 that is, to have the colour milky like a chalcedon, 
 - being a stutl" between a porcellanc and a glass. 
 
 Baeon's Phys. Rem. 
 
 GA'LLEY. 11. s. [galea, Ital. gulei-e, Fr. 
 derived, as some think, from ga/ea a hel- 
 met, pictured anciently on tlie prow ; as 
 others from ya^J«T)•,; the sword-fish; a.^ 
 others from gal/eon, expressing in Syriac 
 men exjiosed to the sea. From galley 
 come galleass, gallton, galliot. 
 I. A vessel driven with oars, much in useiii 
 the Mediterranean, but found unable to 
 endure the agitation of the main ocean. 
 
 Great Xe(>tune grieved underneaih the load 
 Of ships, hulks, ga(fa, barks, and brigandines. 
 
 Fairf'd.i . 
 
 In the ages following, navigation did eve v 
 
 where greatly decay, by the use ufgallies, and such 
 
 vessels as could haidiy brook the ocean. Bacon. 
 
 Jason ranged the coasts of Asia the U'ss in an 
 
 open boat or kind of gallei/. liuleigh's Historv. 
 
 On oozy ground his guZ/ics nioor ; 
 Their heads are turn'd to sea, their sterns to shore. 
 
 Driideii. 
 2. It IS proverbially considered as a place 
 of toilsome misery, because criminals are 
 condemned to row in them. 
 
 The most voluptuous person, were he tied to 
 follow his hawks and his hounds, his dice and bis 
 courtships every day, would fin<l it the greatest lur- 
 ment that could befal him: he wr,uld fly to the 
 mines and the gallies for his recreation, ai'id to the 
 spade and the mattock for a diversion from the mi- 
 sery of a continual uninterrupted ])leasure. South 
 
 Ga'lley-slave. n. s. [gullei/ and slave.] 
 A man condemned for some crime to row 
 in the gallies. 
 
 As if one chain were not sufficietit to load poor 
 men. he nnist be clogged with ijinumerablc chains ■ 
 this is just such another freedom as the Turki'^li 
 galley-slaves tiu enjoy. Braml,. 
 
 Hardened galley-slaves despise manumission. 
 
 T. , , , Oecoii of Piety. 
 
 1 be surges gently dash against the shore, 
 i locks quit the plains, and galley-slaves their oar. 
 „ , Garth. 
 
 OALLIARD. n. s. [gaillard, Fr. imagined 
 to be derived fro'm the Gaulish aid ge- 
 nius, and gai/.] 
 
 1. A gay, brisk, lively man; a fine fellow. 
 
 Seidell is a galliard by himself. Cleaveland. 
 
 2. An active, nimble, sprightly dance. It 
 
 IS in both senses now obsolete. 
 
 I did think, by the excellent constitution of thy 
 leg. It was form'd under the star of a galliard. 
 
 .„, , , . Shakesp. Tweljth Night. 
 
 I here 5 nought m France 
 That can be with a nimble galliard won • 
 You cannot revel into dukedoms there. ' Shakesv. 
 
 If there be any that would take up all the time, 
 let him hnd means to take them off, and bring 
 others on ; as musicians used to do with those that 
 dance too long giUliards. Bacon 
 
 The tripla's and changine of times have aii 
 agreement wjth the changes of motion ; as when 
 galliard time and measure time are in the medley 
 of one dance. Ba<,„,-, 
 
 GAL 
 
 GALLIARDISE. n. s. [Fr.] Merri- 
 ment ; exuberant gaiety. Not in use. 
 
 .At my nativity my ascendant was the watery 
 sign of Scorpius : I was born in the planetary 
 Iiijur of Saturn, and 1 thii,k I have a piece of that 
 leaden planet in uic ; I am no way facetious, nor 
 disposed for the mirth and galtiardise of company. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Ga'llicism. n. s. [gallicisme, Fr. from 
 giillletis, Lat.] A mode of speech pecu- 
 liar to the French language: such as, he 
 Ji:rured m controversy; heAeW thiscon- 
 <nict; he /leld the same language that 
 another had held before : with many 
 other expressions to be i'ound in the 
 pages of Boliiighroke. 
 
 In English I would have ga((icisms avoided, that 
 we may keep to our own language, and not follow 
 the i-rench mode in our speech. Fetton on the Class 
 
 G.v^LiGA.SKiNS. n. s. [Caligw Gallo- 
 I aseonum, Skiniie?-.] Large open hose. 
 Not used but in ludicrous language. 
 
 My galligaskins, that have long withstood 
 The Winter s fury, and encroaching frosts. 
 By time subdu'd, what will not time subdue. 
 An horrid chasm disclose. Philips 
 
 GALLIMATIA. n.s. [•ralimathias, Fr.j 
 
 Nonsense ; talk without meaning. 
 Gallimaufry, n.s. [galimnfree, Fr.] 
 1 . A hoch-poch, or hash of several sorts of 
 broken meat; a medley. Hunnter. 
 
 'I'bey have made of our English tongue a ga/;i- 
 maii/rv,orhodgepod!,eofail other speeches. Spens. 
 '-• Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley. 
 Ihey have a dance, whicli the wenches say is a 
 gallimaufry of gambols, because they are not in't. 
 Shahesp.' [riiifc r's Tale. 
 the painter who, under pretence of diverting 
 the eyes, wuuld fill his picture with such varieties 
 as alter the truth of history, would make a ridicu- 
 lous piece of painting, and a mere gullimaufrii of 
 "IS work. Drvden's Dafresnoy. 
 
 3. It is used by Shakespeare ludicrously 
 of a woman. 
 
 Sir John affects iliy i\ife. 
 — \^ by, sir, my wite is not young. 
 — He wooes both high and low, both rich and poor; 
 He loves thy gallimaiifni friend. Shakesp. 
 
 Ga'lliot. n. s. [galiotte, Fr.] A small 
 swift galley. 
 
 _ Barbarossa departing out of Hellespontus with 
 eiglity gallies and certainga/iinis, shaped his course 
 towards Italy. Knolles's History. 
 
 Gallipot. ?!. s. [gleye, Dut. oliining 
 earth. Skinner. The true derivation is 
 from gala, .Span, finery. Gala, or gally- 
 pot, is a fine painted pot.] A pot paint- 
 ed and glazed, commonly used for 
 medicines. 
 
 Plato said his master Socrates was like the apo- 
 thecary's gallipots, that had on the outsides apes, 
 owls, and satyrs; but within, precious drugs. 
 
 Bacon^s Apophth. 
 
 Here phials in nice discipline are set ; 
 TiK'ir gallipots are rang'd in alphabet. Garth. 
 
 .Mcxandrinus thought it unsafe to trust the real 
 secret of his phial and gallipot to any man. Spect. 
 
 I bou that dost ^-llsculapius decide. 
 And o'er his gallipots, in triumph ride. Fenton. 
 
 Gallon, n. s. [gelo, low Lat.] A liquid 
 
 measure of four quarts. 
 
 15eat them into powder, and boil themina^a//on 
 of wine, in a vessel close stopped. Wiseman's Sarg. 
 
 Gallo'on. n. s. [galon, Fr.] A kind of 
 close lace made of gold or silver, or of 
 silk alone. 
 
 To (tALLOP. 1 
 
 GAL 
 
 comes from gant all, and loopen to run, 
 Dut. that is, to go on full speed.] 
 
 1. To move forward by leaps, so that all 
 the feet are off the ground at once. 
 
 I did hear 
 The galloping of horse : who was't come by ? Shak. 
 
 His steeds will be restrain'd. 
 But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne. 
 
 In such a shape grim Saturn did restrain 
 His heav'nly limbs, and flow'd with sucii a mane. 
 When half surpriz'd, and fearing to be seen, 
 riie lca_clier£^a//<>;)'i/ from his jealous queen. Drvd. 
 
 2. To ride at the pace which is performed 
 by leaps. 
 
 Seeing such streams of blood as threatened a 
 drowmng life, we galloped toward them to part 
 'lie'"- , Sidney. 
 
 They 'gan espy 
 An armed knight towards them gallop fast. 
 That seem'd from some feared foe to fly. Fairy Q. 
 
 He who fair and softly goes steadily forw'ard , 
 in a course that points right, will sooner be at 
 his journey's end than he that runs after every 
 one he meets, though he gallop all day full speed. 
 
 Locke. 
 3. To move very fast. 
 
 The golden sun 
 Gallopslhe zodiack in hisglist'ring coach. Shakesp. 
 
 U'hom doth time gallop withal? 
 — With a thief to the gallows. Shakesp. 
 
 He that rides post through a country may, from 
 the transient view, tell how in general the parts 
 lie : such superficial ideas he may collect in gal- 
 loping over it. Locke. 
 
 Gallop, n. s. [from the verb.] Themotion 
 of a horse when he runs at full speed ; in 
 which, making a kind of a leap forwards, 
 he lifts both his forelegs very near at 
 the same tiine ; and while these are in the 
 air, and just upon the point of touching 
 the ground, he lifts both his hiudlegs 
 almost at once. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ga'lloper. n. s. [from gallop.] 
 
 n. [galoper, Fr.] De- 
 rived by all the etymologists, after Bu- 
 daiis, from Kay^tjd^im ; but perhaps it 
 
 A horse that gallops. 
 
 IMules bred in cold countries are much better 
 to ride than horses for their walk and trot ; but 
 they are commonly rough galtt^ers, though some 
 of them are very fleet. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 2. A man that rides fast, or makes great 
 haste. 
 
 Galloway. >i. s. A horse not more than 
 fourteen hands high, much used in the 
 North ; probably as coming originally 
 from Galloway, a shire in Scotland. 
 
 To Ga'llow. v. a. [a^oelpan to fright. 
 Sax.] To terrify ; to fright. 
 
 The wrathful skies 
 Galtnw the very wand'rers of the dark, 
 And make tliem keep tlieir caves. Shakesp. 
 
 Ga'llowglasses. n.s. 
 
 I . It is worn likewise of footmen under 
 their shirts of mail, the which footmen 
 the Irish ca\\ galloivglasscs : the which 
 name doth discover them also to be 
 ancient English; for gullogla signifies 
 an English servitor or yeoman. And he 
 being so armed in a long shirt of mail, 
 down to the calf of his leg, with a long 
 broad ax in his hand, was then pedes gra- 
 vis armaturee ; and was instead of the 
 footman that now weareth a corslet, be- 
 fore the corslet was used, or almost in- 
 vented. Spenser on Ireland. 
 2. [Hanmer, otherwise than Spenser.] 
 Soldiers among the wild Irish, who 
 serve on horseback. 
 
 7y^
 
 G A M 
 
 A puissant and miglity pow'r 
 Of gaWiwgliisses and stout kernes, 
 Is niarchiim liillierward in pruud arraj-. Shakesp. 
 
 Ga'LLOW." 1 Ji. s. [It is used by some in 
 Gallows./ the singular; but by more 
 only in the plural, or sometimes has ano- 
 ther plural galloivses. Gnlgo, Goth. 
 Tealxa, Sax. galge, Dut. which some 
 derive from gubulus furca, Lat. others 
 from n33 liigh, others from gallii, Welsh, 
 power: but it is probably derived WV.egal- 
 lon- to fright, from agaelpan, the gallows 
 being the great object of legal terrour.] 
 1. A beam laid over two posts, on which 
 malefactors are hanged. 
 
 riiis monsier sat like a hangman upon a pai 
 ol gallows: in his r:);lit liand lie «as painled liold 
 ing a crown of laurel, in his left hand a purse of 
 money. Sidney. 
 
 I would we were all of one raiiirl, and one mind 
 good ; O, there were desolation of gaolers and "a/- 
 i)u:ses. SJiakesjj. Cymbeiute. 
 
 I prophesied if a gallows were on land. 
 This fellow could nut drown. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 He took the mayor aside, and whispered him 
 that execution must that day be done, and there- 
 fore required him that a pair of galtous should be 
 erected. Hamcard. 
 
 A poor fellow, going to the gallows, may he al- 
 lowed to feel the smart of wasps while he is upon 
 Tyburn road. Swift. 
 
 2. A w retch that deserves the gallows. 
 
 Cupid l)ath been five thousand years a boy. 
 • — Av, and a shrewd unhappy gallows too. Shak. 
 
 Ga'llowsfree. adj. [gallons and free.] 
 Exempt by destiny from being hanged. 
 
 Let him be galbmsfree by my consent. 
 And nothing suffer, since he nothing meant. Dryd. 
 
 Ga'llowtree. n. s. [gallows and tree.] 
 The tree of terrour : the tree of execu- 
 tion. 
 
 He hung their conquer'd arms, for more defame, 
 On gallowtrees, in honour of his dearest dame. 
 
 SpCTuer. 
 
 .\ Scot, when from the gallowtree got loose, 
 
 Dro-ps into Styx, ai;d turns a soland goose. Cleavel. 
 
 Gamba'de. ) n. s. [gamba, Ital. a leg.] 
 
 Gamba'do. J Spatterdashes; boots worn 
 
 upon the legs above the shoe. 
 
 The pettifogger ambles to her in his gambadoes 
 once a week. Dennis s Letters. 
 
 Ga'mbler. n. s. [A cant word, I sup- 
 pose for game or gamester."] A knave 
 whose practice it is to invite the unwary 
 to game and cheat them. 
 
 Gamboge. }i. s. 
 
 Gamboge is a concreted ve_gefabie juice, partly 
 of a euniiny, partly of a resinous nature, heavy, 
 of a bright yellow colour, and scarce any smell. 
 It is brought from .\mcrica and the East Indies, 
 particularly from Cambaja, or Cambogia. Hill. 
 
 Tv GA'Mi?OL. V. n. [gamhillcr, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To dance ; to skip ; to frisk ; to jump 
 for joy ; to play merry fiolicks. 
 
 Bears, tigers, ounces, pards, 
 GamhoVd before them. Miltons Paradise Lost. 
 
 The king of elfs, and little fairy queen, 
 Oambot'd on beatiis, and danc'd on ev'ry green. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The monsters of the fl- od 
 Gambol around him in the wat'ry way, 
 And heavy whales in awkward measures play. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To leap ; to start. 
 
 'Tis not madness 
 That I have utter'd ; bring me to the test. 
 And I the matter will record, which madness 
 \Vould gambol from. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Ga'mbol. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1 . A skiji ; a hop ; a leap for joy. 
 
 G A :\i 
 
 A ceiitleman had got a ffivoiinte spaniel, (liat 
 would he still toying and leaping upon liini, and 
 playing a thfjusadd [yreUy gambols. L'Estrange. 
 
 Bucchus tlirough the ctKiquer'd Indies rode, 
 And beasti hi gambols (risk d before their honest 
 god. Dryden. 
 
 2. A frolick ; a wild prank. 
 For who did ever play Wis gambols, 
 With such unsufterable ramhtes! HudVrras. 
 
 Ga'mbrel. n. s. [from gamboj gamba- 
 rella^ Ital.] The le^ of a horse. 
 
 \\ hat can he more admirable than for the prin- 
 ciples of the fibres of a tendon to be so mixed as to 
 make it a soft body, and yet to have the strength 
 of iron? as appears, by the weight which the ten- 
 don, lying on a b'Tse s gambrel, dotli then com- 
 mand, when he rears up wiiii a man upon his liack. 
 
 drew. 
 
 GAME. H. $. [gainaji a jest, Islandick.] 
 I. Sport of any kind. 
 
 \Ve have had pastimes here, and pleasing ^(ime. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 •2. Jest; opposed to earnest or seriousness. 
 
 Then on her head they set a garland green. 
 
 And crowned her 'twist earnest and "twixt j^ame. 
 
 Spetiser. 
 
 ;J. Insolent merriment ; sportive insult. 
 
 Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, 
 On my refusal, to distress me more ; 
 Or make a game of my calamities? Milton^s Ag. 
 
 4. A single match at play. 
 
 5. Advantage in play. 
 
 Mutual vouchers for our fame we stand. 
 And play the game into each otiier's hand. Dnjden, 
 
 6. Scheme pursued; measures planned. 
 This seems to be the prcscnl^ameof thatcruwn, 
 
 and that they will begin no otiicr 'till they see au 
 end of this. Temple. 
 
 7. Field sports : as, the chace, falconry. 
 
 If about this liour he make his way, 
 Under the colour of his usual game. 
 He shall here find his friends with horse Rnd men. 
 To set hira free from his captivity. Shakesp. 
 
 What arms to use, or nets to frame ^ 
 
 Wild beasts to combat, or to tame, J 
 
 With all the myst'ries of iJiat game. Waller. S 
 
 Some sportsmen, that were abroad upon o^anif, 
 spied acompany of bustards and cranes. L'Estran. 
 
 8. Animals pursued in the field ; animals 
 appropriated to legal sportsmen. 
 
 Hunting, and men, not beasts, shall be his game, 
 With war, and hostile snare, such as refuse 
 Subjection to his empire tyrannous. Milton. 
 
 Tliere is such a variety of game springing up 
 before raCj that I know not which to follow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 A bloodhound will follow the person lie pursues, 
 and all hounds the particular game they have in 
 chace. _ Arbuthiwt. 
 
 Go, with thy Cynthia hurl the pointed spear 
 At the rough hear, or chace the flying deer ; 
 I and my Chloe take a nobler aim. 
 At human hearts we fling, nor ever miss the game. 
 
 Priiyr. 
 
 Proud Nirarod first the bloody chace began, 
 A mighty hunter, and his prey was man : 
 Our haughty Norman boasts that harb'rous name. 
 And makes iiis trembling slaves the royal game. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Shorten my labour, if its length you blame. 
 For, grow but wise, you rob me vi my game. Youvf^. 
 
 9. Solemn contests, exhibited as spectacles 
 to the people. 
 
 The games are done, and Csesar is return) i:g. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Milo, when ent*rine the Olympick game, 
 With a huge ox upon Tiis shoulders came. Dcnham. 
 
 To Gam£, v. n, [jaraan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To play at any sport. 
 
 2, To play wantonly and extravagantly 
 for money. 
 
 Gaming leaves no satisfaction behind it : it no 
 wa^' profits either body or mind. Locke. 
 
 G A M 
 
 Ga'-MKCOck. n.s. [game and cock.] Cocks 
 bred to fight. 
 
 They manage the(lisputeas6ercely as twoFomt'- 
 c»cks in the pit. Ltx-he. 
 
 Ga'me-ecg. n. s. [game and egg.] Eggs 
 from which fighting cocks are bred. 
 
 Thus boys hatch game-e^gs under birds of prey. 
 To make the fowl more furious for the fray. Gan'k. 
 Ga'mekeeper. n. 4. [game and keep.] 
 A person who looks after game and sees 
 it i> not destroyed. 
 Ga'mesome. «(/;'. [i'rom game.] Frolick- 
 some ; gay ; sportive ; playful ; sport- 
 ful. 
 
 Geron, though old, yet gamesome, kept one end 
 with Cosma. Sidney. 
 
 } am not gamesome ; 1 do lack some part 
 Of that quick spirit that is in Antony. Shakesp. 
 
 The gnmesome wind among her tresses play. 
 And curleth up those growing riches short, 'bairf'. 
 
 Belial, in like gamesome muod. MiUan, 
 
 This ^ames«>me liumour of children should ratiit:r 
 be encouraged, to keep up their spirits and im- 
 prove their strength and health, than curbed or 
 restrained. Locke. 
 
 Ga'mesomeness. n. s, [from gamfsome.] 
 
 Sportiveness ; merriment. 
 Ga'mesomely. adv, [from gamesome.] 
 
 Merrily. 
 Ga'mester. 71. *. [from game.] 
 
 1. One who is vitiously addicted to play. 
 
 Keep a gamester from the dice, and a gnod stu- 
 dent from his book, and it is wv.nderful. Shakefp. 
 
 A gamester, the greater master he is in liis art, 
 the worse man he is. Bacon. 
 
 Gamesters for whole patrimonies play ; 
 The steward brings the deeds, which must convey 
 The whole estate. Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 Could we look into the mind of a common 
 gamester, we should see it full of nothing but 
 trumps and mattadores : her slumbers are haunted 
 with kings, queens, and knaves. Addison. 
 
 All the superfluous whims relate. 
 That fill a female gamester's pate ; 
 What asony of soul she feels 
 To see a knave's inverted heels. Su.'\j't. 
 
 Her youngest daughter is run away witha^amf- 
 ster, a man of great beauty, who in dressing and 
 dancing has no superior. Lav:. 
 
 2. One who is engaged at play. 
 
 When lenity and cruelly play for kingdoms, 
 The gentler gamester is the soonest winner. Shak. 
 
 A "man may think, if he will, that two eyes 
 see no more tlian one; or that a. gamester seeth'al- 
 ways more than a looker-on: but, when all is 
 doiie, the iielp of good counsel is that which sct- 
 teth business strait. Bacon. 
 
 3. A raerr}' frolicksome person. 
 
 You're a merry gamester. 
 My lord Sandys. Shakesp. Henry VIIT. 
 
 4. A prostitute ; not in use. 
 
 She's impudent, my lord. 
 And was a common gamester to the camp. Shaktsp. 
 
 Ga'mmer. 7i. s. [Of uncertain etymo- 
 logy ; perhaps from gmnd mere^ and 
 therefore used commonly to old women.] 
 The compellation of a woman corres- 
 ponding to gaffer; as, Gammer Gxiitons 
 Needle. An old play, 
 
 Ga'mmon. n. s. [gamhone, Ital.] 
 
 1 , The buttock of an hog salted and dried ; 
 the lower end of the flitch. 
 
 Ask for what price thy venal tongue was sold : 
 A ru.stv gammon c)f some sev'n years old. Dryden. 
 
 Gammuus, that give a relish to the taste. 
 Anil potted fowl, and lish, come in so fast. 
 That ere the first is out, the second stinks. Dryd. 
 
 2. A kind of play with dice. 
 
 The quick dice. 
 In thunder leaping from the box. awake 
 I Ihe sounding gammon. Tltomson s Autumn. 
 
 791
 
 G A N 
 
 Ga'mut. n. s. [gama, Ital.] The scale of 
 musical notes. 
 
 Madam, before joii touch llie instrument. 
 To learn the order of my iingcring, 
 I must lifgiii willi rudiments of art, 
 To tcacli you gamut in a briefer sort. Shahesp. 
 
 W'lien by i\tt^ gamut some musicians niEike 
 A perfect song, otliers will underlal^e, 
 Bv tlie baiue gai7int chang'd, to equal it : 
 Tilings siniiiiy good can never be unfit. Voutie. 
 
 Long has a race of heroes flll'd the stage, 
 'i'hat rant by note, and tiirough the g(imut rage ; 
 III stings and airs express their martial fire. 
 Combat in trills, and in a feuge expire. AJdison, 
 'Gan, for began, from 'gin for begin. 
 'j'he noble knight 'gan feel 
 His vilal force to faint. Spenser. 
 
 To Ganth. v. a. [ganciare, from gancio 
 a hook, Ital. ganclie, Fr.] To drop from 
 a high place upon hooks by way of pu- 
 nishment; a practice in Turkey, to which 
 Smith alludes in his Pocockius. 
 
 Cohors catenis qua pia stridulis 
 Gemunt onusti, vel sudc trans siuum 
 Lnctaiilar acta, pendulive 
 
 Sanfruineis trepidant in uncis. MiisiE Aagl 
 
 Ga'nder. n.s. [janbpa, Sax.] The male 
 of tlie goose. 
 As deep drinkelh the goose as the gander. Camd 
 Orie guilder will serve fi\e geese. Mortimer 
 
 To GANG. I', n. [gemgen, Dut. jangan, 
 Sa.x. gang, Scott.] To go ; to walk : 
 an old word not now used, except ludi- 
 crously. 
 
 But let lliem gang alone, 
 As they Iiave brewed, so let tliem bear blame. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Your flaunting beaus gang with their breasts 
 open. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Gang. n. s. [from the verb.] A number 
 herding together ; a troop ; a company ; 
 a tribe; a herd. It is seldom used but 
 in contempt or abhorrence. 
 
 O, 3'ou jjanderl^' rascals! there's a knot, a ^a;?^, 
 
 a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shakesp. 
 
 As a p-a?i^ of thieves were robbing a house, a 
 
 mastitFieli a barking. L'Estra7ig€. 
 
 Admitted in among the gan^. 
 He acts and talks as they befriend him. Prior. 
 
 G A AG HON. n. s. [Fr.] A kind of 
 flower. Ainsiv. 
 
 Ga'nglion. n. s. [ya/V^ti>».] A tumour in 
 the tendinous and nervous parts. 
 
 Bonesetlers usually rejtresent every bone dislo- 
 cated, thontzh possibly it be but a ganglion, or 
 oilier crude tumour or preternatural protuberance 
 of some part of a joint. Wiseman. 
 
 To Ga'ngrenate. v. a. [from gan- 
 grene.] To produce a gangrene ; to 
 mortify. 
 
 Parts cauterized, gangrcnated, siderated, and 
 mortified, become black, the radical moisture or 
 vital sulphur suffering an extinction. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Etr. 
 
 GA'NGRENE. n. s. [gangrene, Fr. gan- 
 grcena, Lat.] A mortiiication ; a stop- 
 page of circulation ; followed by putre- 
 faction. ^ 
 
 This experiment may be transferred unto the 
 cure i}( gangrenes, either coining of themselves, or 
 induced by too much applying of opiates. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Slie saves the lover, as we gangrenes stay. 
 By cutting hope, like a lopt limb, away. Waller. 
 
 A discolouring in the part was supposed an ap- 
 proach of a gangrene. Wiseman's Surgerii. 
 
 If the substance of the soul is festered with these 
 
 passions, the gangrene is gone loo far to be ever 
 
 cured ; these inflammations will rage to all eler- 
 
 __ ^"i'y. Addisoyi's Spectator. 
 
 To Ga'ngrene. v. a. [gangrener, Fr. 
 
 G A O 
 
 from the noun.] To corrupt to mortifi- 
 cation. 
 
 In culd countries, when men's noses and ears 
 are mortified, and, as it were, gangrened witli cold, 
 if they come to a tire the}' rot otf' presently ; for 
 that the few spirits tliat remain in those parts, are 
 suddenly drawn forth, and so putrefaction is made 
 complete. Bacon, 
 
 Gangreri'd members must be lop'd awaVi 
 Before the nobler parts are tainted to decay. Dryd. 
 
 To Ga'ngrene. v. w. To become morti- 
 fied. 
 
 Wounds immedicable 
 Rankle and fester, and gangrene 
 To black mortification. M'dtoti^s Agonistes. 
 
 As phlegmons are subject to mortification, so 
 also in fat bodies they are apt to gangrene after 
 opening, if that fat be not speedily digested out. 
 
 Wiseman 
 
 Ga'ngrenous. adj. [from gangrene.] 
 Mortified ; producing or betokening 
 mortification. 
 
 The blood, turning acrimonious, corrodes the 
 •vessels, producing hemorrhages, pustules red, lead- 
 coloured, black and gangrenous. Arlmth. on Alim. 
 
 Ga'ngway. 71. s. In a ship, the several 
 ways or passages from one part of it to 
 the other, Jyict 
 
 Ga'ngweek. w. s, [gafig and tveek.] 
 Rogation week, when processions are 
 made to lustrate the bounds of parishes. 
 
 Diet. 
 Ga'ntelope. "1^ 71, 5. [gantlet is only 
 Ga'ntlet. j corrupted from gante- 
 lope, ganty all ; and !oope?i to run, Dut.] 
 A military punishment, in which the 
 criminal running between the ranks re- 
 ceives a lash from each man. 
 
 But would'st thou friend,who hast two legs alone, 
 Would'st thou to run the gantlet these expose, 
 To a whole company of iiub-nail'd singes ? Dryden. 
 Young gentlemen are driven with a whip, to 
 run th£ gantlet througli the several classes. Locke. 
 Ga'nza. w. s. [ga7isa, Span, a goose.] A 
 kind of wild goose, by a flock of which 
 a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the 
 lunar world. 
 
 They are but idle dreams and fancies, 
 And favour strongly of the ^ansa's. Hicdibras. 
 
 GAOL. 7^. s. [gcol, Welsh; geole, Fr.] A 
 prison ; a ])lace of confinement. It is 
 always pronounced and too often writ- 
 ten Ja//, and sometimes g*oflZ. 
 Then am I tlte prisoner, and his bed my gaol, 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Have I been ever free, and must my liouse 
 
 Be my retentive enemy, ray gaol? Shakesp. 
 
 If we mean to tlirive and do good, break open 
 
 the gaoh, and let out the prisoners. Shakesp. 
 
 To Gaol. v. a. [from the noun.] To im- 
 prison ; to commit to gaol. 
 
 Gaoling vagabonds was chargeable, pesterous, 
 and of no open example. Bacon. 
 
 Ga'oldeltvery. n. s, [gaol and deliver,] 
 The judicial process^, which by condem- 
 nation or acquittal of persons confined 
 evacuates tlie prison. 
 
 Then doth tli' aspiring soul the body leave, 
 Which we call death ; but were it known to all. 
 
 What life our souls do by this death receive. 
 Men would it birth of gaoldciivery c^ll. Davies. 
 
 These make a general gaoldelivery of souls, not 
 
 for punishment. South. 
 
 Ga'oler. 71. s. [from gaol.] Keeper of a 
 
 prison ; he to whose care the prisoners 
 
 are committed. 
 
 This is a gentle provost ; seldom, when 
 The steeled gaokr is the friend uf men. Shakesp. 
 
 GAP 
 
 I know not how or why my surly gaoler. 
 Hard as his irons, and insolent as pow'r 
 Wlien put in vulgar hands, Cleanthes, 
 Put off the brute. Vriiden's Cleomenes. 
 
 From the polite part of mankind she had been 
 banished and immured, til the death of lier gaoler. 
 
 Tatier. 
 Gap. n. s. [from gape.] 
 
 1. An opening in a broken fence. 
 
 Behold the despair. 
 By custom and covetous pates. 
 By gaps and opening of gates. Tusser's Husbandry, 
 
 U ith terrours and with furies to the bounds 
 And crystal wall of heav'n ; which, opening wide, 
 RoU'd inward, and a spacious gap disclos'd 
 Into the wasteful deep. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Bushes are most lasting of any for dead hedges, 
 or to mend gaps. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 I souiiht for a man, says God, that should mate 
 up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me, for 
 the land that I should not destroy it. Rogers. 
 
 2. A breach. 
 
 The loss of that city concerned the Christian 
 commonweal : manifofd miseiies afterwards en- 
 sued by the opening of that gap to all that side of 
 Christendom. Knolles. 
 
 3. Any passage. 
 
 So stands the Thracian herdsman with his spear 
 Full in the gap, and hopes the hunted bear. 
 And hears him rustling in the wood. Dryden. 
 
 4. An avenue ; an open way. 
 
 The former kings of England passed into thetn 
 a great part of their prerogatives ; which though 
 then it was well intended, and perhaps well de- 
 served, yet now such -a gap of mischief lies open 
 thereby, that I could wish it were well stopt. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 5. A hole ; a deficiency. 
 
 If you violently proceed against him, mistaking 
 his purpose, it would make a great gap in your 
 honour. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Nor is it any botch or gap in the works of na- 
 ture. More. 
 
 6. Any interstice; a vacuity. 
 
 Each one demand, and answer to his part 
 Perform'd in his wide gap of time, since first 
 We were dissever'd. Shake.^, Winter's Tale. 
 
 That I might sleep out this great gap of time my 
 Antony is awav. Shakesp. .^nt. and Cleop 
 
 I'o make 'twlxt words and lines huge gaps 
 Wide as meridians in maps. Hudibras. 
 
 One can revive a languishing conversation by a 
 sudden surprising sentence ; another is more dex- 
 terous in seconding j a third can fill the gap with 
 laughing. Swift. 
 
 7. An opening of the mouth in speech 
 during the pronunciation of two succes- 
 sive vowels. 
 
 The hiatus, or gap between two words, is caused 
 by two vowels opening on each other. Pi>;je. 
 
 8. To slop agap, is to escape by some mean 
 shift ; alluding to hedges mended with 
 dead bushes, 'till the quicksets will grow. 
 
 His policy consists in settin" traps. 
 In finding ways and msani,<ina stopping gaps. Swift. 
 
 9. To stand in the gap. To make defence; 
 to expose himself for the protection of 
 something in danger. 
 
 What would become of the church if there were 
 none more concerned for her rights than this .' 
 Wiio would stund in the gap? Lesley. 
 
 Gap-toothed, adj. [gap and tooth.] 
 Having interstices between the teeth. 
 
 The reeve, miller, and cook, are distinguished 
 
 from each other, as much as the mincing lady 
 
 prioress and the broad speaking gopd'ul/ied wife of 
 
 Bsth. Dryden. 
 
 To GAPE. V. n. [jeapan, Sa.x.] 
 
 1. To open the mouth wide ; to yawn. 
 
 Some men there are love not a gaping pig ; 
 Some, that are mad, if they behold a cat. Shakesp. 
 
 Gaping or yawning, and strotching, do pass from 
 man to man ; for that that causeih gaping and 
 stretching is when the spirits ate a little heavy by 
 any vapour. Arbuthnot. 
 
 r- o
 
 GAP 
 
 GAR 
 
 She stretches, gapa, unplues her eyes. 
 And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. 
 
 2. To open the mouth for food, as a young 
 bird. 
 
 As callow birds, 
 Whose mother's kill'd in seeking of the prey, 
 Cry ill tlieir ncsl, and tliink her long away ; 
 And at each leaf that slirs, each blast of wind, 
 Giijie for the food wljicli tliey must never find. 
 
 Dryden. 
 As in a drought the thirsty creatures cry. 
 And gape upon the gather'd clouds for rain. 
 Then first the martlet meets it in the sky, 
 And with wet wings joys all Ihe featherM train. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 3. To desire earnestly ; to crave : with /or. 
 
 To her grim death appears in all her sliapes ; 
 The hungry grave/ur her due tribute gapes.Denh. 
 
 To thy fortune be not tliou a slave ; 
 For what hast thou to fear beyond the grave ? 
 And thou who gap'st for my estate, draw near ; 
 For I would whisper somewhat in thy ear.Dri/den. 
 
 4. With aj'fn: 
 
 What sliall we say of those who spend their 
 days in gaping q/ier court favour and preferments? 
 
 UEstrange. 
 
 5. With at. 
 
 Many have gaped at the churcli revenues; but, 
 before they could swallow them, have had tlieir 
 mouth stopped in th;.- church-yard. South. 
 
 6. To open in fissures or holes. 
 
 If it assume my noble father's person, 
 I'll speak to it, though hell itself should gape. 
 And bid me liold my peace. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 May that ground "gape, anl swallow rae alive, 
 VVhere 1 shall kneel to him that slew my father. 
 
 5/ia/.esp. 
 
 The great horse-mussel, with the 6ne shell, doth 
 gape and shut as the oysters do. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The reception of one is as different from the ad- 
 mission of the other, as when the earth falls open 
 under the incisions of the plough, and when it 
 gapes and greedily opens itself to drink in the dew 
 of heaven, or tlie refreshments of a siiower. South. 
 
 ■The mouth of a little artery and nerve gapes into 
 the cavity of these vesicles. Chepie's Phil. Prin. 
 
 7. To open with a breach. 
 The planks, their pilchy coverin):s wash'd away. 
 
 Now jield, and now a yawning breach display ; 
 The roaring waters, with a hostile tide. 
 Rush through the ruins of her gaping side, Dryd. 
 That all these actions can be performed by ali- 
 ment, as well as medicines, is plain ; by observing 
 the eifects of different substances upon the fluids 
 and snlids, when the vessels are open and gape by 
 a wound. Arbuthnot. 
 
 8. To open ; to have an hiatus. 
 There is not, to the best of my remembrance, 
 
 one vowel gaping on another for want of a caisura 
 in this poem. Dryden. 
 
 9. To make a noise with open throat. 
 And, if ray muse can through past ages see, 
 
 Tliat noisy, nauseous, gaping fool is he. Rmcomm. 
 
 10. To stare with hope or expectation. 
 Others will gape t' anticipate 
 
 The cabinet designs of fate ; 
 Apply to wizards, to foresee 
 "What shall, and what shall never be. Hiidibras. 
 
 1 1 . To stare with wonder. 
 Parts of different species jumbled together, ac- 
 cording to the mad imagination of the dawber ; 
 and the end of all this to cause laughter : a very 
 monster in a Bartholomew fair, forthe mob to gape 
 at. Dryden. 
 
 Where elevated o'er the gaping crowd, 
 Clasp'd in tlie board the perjur'd head is bow'd. 
 Betimes retreat. Gay's Trivia* 
 
 12. To stare irreverently. 
 
 They have gaped upon me with their mouth. 
 
 Job, xvi. 10. 
 Ga'per. n. s. [from gape.'] 
 J . One who opens his mouth. 
 
 2. One who stares foohshly. 
 
 3. One who longs or craves. 
 
 The golden shower of the dissolved abbey-lands 
 rained well near into every gaper's mouth. Careui. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 Gar, in Sax. signifies a weapon; so Ead- Card 
 gar is a happy weapon ; Elhulgur a no- 
 ble weapon. Gibson's Camdtii. 
 
 To Gar. i*. u. [gkra, Islandick.] To 
 cause ; to make. Obsolete. It is still 
 used in Scotland. 
 
 Tell me, good Hobbinol, wiiat gars thee greet ? 
 What! hath some wolf thy tender lambs ytorn? 
 
 Or is thy bagpipe broke, that sounds so sweet ? 
 Or art thou of tiiy loved lass forlorne ? Spenser. 
 
 Garb. n. s. [gar be, Fr.] 
 
 1. Dress; clothes; habit. 
 
 Thus Belial, wiih words cloth'd in reason'sgarh, 
 Counsel'd ignoble ease and peaceful sloth. Milton. 
 
 He puts himself into the gart and habit of a pro- 
 fessor of physick, and sets up. L'Eslrange. 
 
 2. Fashion of dress. 
 Horace's wit, and Virgil's state. 
 
 He did not steal, but emulate ; 
 And when he would like them appear, 
 Their garb, but not their clothes, did wear. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 3. Exteriour appearance. 
 
 This is some fellow. 
 Who, having been prais'd for hluntness, doth af- 
 fect 
 A saucy roughness, and constrains the ^arb 
 Quite from his nature. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Garbage, n. s. [gai-bear, Span. This 
 etymology is very doubtful.] The 
 bowels ; the offal ; that part of tlie in- 
 wards which is separatetl and thrown 
 away. 
 
 The cloyed will, 
 'J'hat satiate, yet unsatisfy'd desire, that tub 
 Botli fill'd and running, ravening first the lamb, 
 Longs after for the garbage. Shakesp. Cymbelinc. 
 
 Lust, though to a radiant angel link'd 
 Will sate itself in a celestial bed. 
 And prey on garbage. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 A iiam more senseless than the rog'ry 
 Of old Aruspicy and aug'ry, 
 That out (if garbages of catlle 
 Presag'd th' events of truce or battle. Hudibras. 
 
 Who, without aversion, ever look'd 
 On hojygarfcage, though by Homer cook'd? Eosc. 
 
 When you receive condign punishment,you run 
 to your confessor, that parcel of guts and garbage. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ga'rbel. m. s. a plant next the keel of 
 a ship. Bailey. 
 
 Ga'rbidge. n. s. Corrupted from gar- 
 bage. 
 
 All shavings of horns, hoofs of cattle, blood, and 
 garbidgc, is good manure for land. Merttmer. 
 
 Ga'rbish. n. s. Corrupted hora. garbage. 
 
 In Newfoundland they improve their ground 
 with the gariis/t offish. Mortimtr's Husbandry. 
 
 To GARBLE, v. a. [garbdlare, Ital.] To 
 sift ; to part ; to separate the good fi-ora 
 the bad. 
 
 But you, who fathers and traditions take. 
 And garble some, and some you quite forsake. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Had our author set down this command, with- 
 outgar/i/i«g, as God gave it, and joined motiier to 
 father, it lad made directly against him. Locke. 
 
 The understanding works to collate, to combine. 
 
 GAR 
 
 n. s. [garde, Fr.] Wardship; 
 care ; custody. 
 GARDEN, n. s. [gardd, Welsh; jardin, 
 
 Fr. giardino. Ital.] 
 1. A piece of ground inclosed, and culti- 
 vated with extraordinary care, planted 
 witii herbs or fruits for food, or laid out 
 for pleasure. 
 
 Thy promises are like Adonis' "ordeiu. 
 Which one day bloom'd.and fruitful were iheneit. 
 
 !ihal:espeare. 
 
 My lord of Ely, when I was last in Holbourii, 
 
 1 saw good strawberries in yo\iT garden there. Shak. 
 
 In t^e royal ordering of gardeni, there ought lo 
 
 be gardens for all the months in the year. Bacon. 
 
 In every garden should be provided flowers, 
 
 fruit, shade, and water. Temple. 
 
 BIy garden takes up half my daily care, 
 And'niy field asks the minutes I can spare. Warlf. 
 
 A place particularly fruitftd or delight- 
 
 ful. 
 
 I am arriv'd from fruitful Ijoiiibaidy, 
 The pleasant garden of great Italy. _ Shakesp 
 
 3. Garden is often used in composition for 
 hortensis, or belonging to a garden. 
 
 4. Garden-mould. Mould fit for a gar- 
 den. 
 
 They delight most in rich black garden-mould, 
 that is deep and light, and mixed rather with sand 
 than cli.v. JJortinur. 
 
 .5. Gardtn-tillage. Tillage used in cul- 
 tivating gardens. 
 
 Peas and beans art what belong to gari/tn-liZ/age 
 as wtll as that uf the field. Wortimcr's Husband. 
 
 G. Gardcn-icare. The produce of gardens. 
 
 A clay bottom is a much more pernicious soil 
 
 fur trees and garden-ware than gravel. .Mortimer. 
 
 To Ga'rden. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 cultivate a garden ; to lay out gardens. 
 
 At first, in Rome's poor age. 
 When boih her kings and consuls held the plough. 
 Or garden d well. Ben Jonion's Catiline. 
 
 When ages giow lo civility and elegancy, raea 
 come to build stately sooner than to garden finely; 
 as if gardening were the greater perfection. Bacon, 
 
 Ga'rdener. n. s. [I'tom garden.] He 
 that attends or cultivates gardens. 
 
 Our hollies are our gardens, to llie which our 
 
 wills are garifeners ; so that, if we plant nettles, or 
 
 sow lettuce, the power lies in our will. .Shakesp. 
 
 Gardeners Ite-dd down any loose ground,^ after 
 
 they have sown onions or turnips. Bacon s iV. Hiit. 
 
 The gardener may lop religion as he pleases. 
 
 " Htncel. 
 
 The life and felicity of an esccllent gardener is 
 
 preferable to all trther diversions, i'lclun's kalend. 
 
 Then let the learned gard'ntr mark with care 
 The kinds of stocks, and whiit those kinds will 
 bear. Dryden. 
 
 Ga'rden iNG. w. s. [from g-arrfc".] The 
 act of cultivating or planning garilens. 
 
 My compositions in gardening are after the Pin- 
 darick manner, and run into the beautiful wild- 
 ness of nature, without affecting the nicer elegan- 
 cies of art. Speclulor. 
 
 Gare. n. s. Coarse wool growing on the 
 
 Diet. 
 
 , . ... I legs of sheep 
 and garble the iraaees and ideas, the imagination i a 
 
 and memory present to it. Cheyne. ; G a'RG ARISM. «. .«. [yajyafio-ft*? ; garga- 
 
 risme, Fr.] A liquid form ot medicine 
 
 Ga'rbler. n. s. [from garble.] He who 
 separates one part from another. 
 
 A farther secret in this clause may best be dis- 
 covered by the projectors, or at least ihe garblers 
 of it. Swift's Examiner. 
 
 Ga'rboil. n. s. [garbouille, Fr. garbu- 
 glio, Ital.] Disorder ; tumult ; uproar. 
 
 Ilanmer. 
 
 \ Look here, and at thy sovereign leisure read 
 What garboils she awak'd. Shakesp. 
 
 to wash tiie mouth with. Quincy. 
 
 Apophlegmatisms and gargarisms draw the 
 rheum down by the palate. Bacon's Aut. Hist. 
 
 7'o GaRGARI'zE. v. a. [yafyafi(<J ; gar- 
 garistr, Fr.] To wash the mouth with 
 medicated liquours. 
 
 Vinegar, put to the nostrils, or gargarised, doth 
 case the hiccouch ; for that it is astringent, and 
 mliibitetb the motion of the spirit. Bacon. 
 
 5 I 793
 
 GAR 
 
 This being relaxed, may make a shaking of the 
 larynx ; as when we gargarize. Holder. 
 
 Ga'rget. n. s, A distemper in cattle. 
 
 The garget appears in ihe head, myw, o-r in the 
 hinder parts. Mortimer's Hushandri/. 
 
 To GA'RGLE. r. &. [gargouiUe7', Fr. 
 giirgugUare, Ital. gurgel. Germ, the 
 throat] 
 
 1 . To wash the throat with some liquor 
 not suffered immediately to descend. 
 
 Gargle twice or thrice with sliarp ox^'crate. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 The excision made, the bleeding will soon be 
 slopt b_y gargling with oxj^crafe. JVisem. Surgery. 
 
 They comb, and then they order ev'ry hair ; 
 Next gargle well their throats. Vryden's Pers. 
 
 2. To warble ; to play in the throat. An 
 improper use. 
 
 Those which only warble lontr, 
 And gargle in their throats a song. Waller. 
 
 So charm'd you were, yim ceas'd awhile to dnat 
 On nowiPUie gargCd in an eunuch's throat FeJiton. 
 
 Ga'rgle. n. s, [from the verb.] A li- 
 quor with which the throat is washed. 
 
 His tliroat was washed with one nf the gargles 
 set dnwii in the method of cure. Wiseman's Surg. 
 
 Ga'rglion. n. s. An exsudation of ner- 
 vous juice from a bruise, or the like, 
 which indurates into a hard immoveable 
 tumour. Quincy, 
 
 Ga'rgol. n. s. A distemper in hogs. 
 
 The si^ns of the gargol in hogs are, lianging 
 down of the head, moist eyes, staggering, and loss 
 of appetite. Mortimer. 
 
 G a'rla n d. n. s. [garlandcj guirla?id, Fr.] 
 1 . A wreath of branches or ffowers. 
 
 Strephon, with heavy twigs of laurel-tree, 
 A garland made, on temples for to wear j 
 
 Fur h-c then chosen was the dignity 
 Of village-Iurd that Whitsuntide to bear. Sidney. 
 
 A reefing world will never stand upright, 
 'Till Richard wear the^(iHa?id of the realm, 
 -^How ! wear the garland.' do'st thou mean the 
 
 crown? 
 —Ay, my good lord. Shakesp. Rich. Ill, 
 
 Then party-cnlour'd flow'rs of white and red 
 She wuve, to make a garland for her head. Dryd. 
 
 Vanquish again ; though she be gone. 
 Whose garland crown'd the victor's hair. 
 
 And reign ; though she has left the throne, 
 Who made thy glory worth thy care. Prior, 
 
 Her gods and godlike heroes rise to view, 
 And all her faded garla}uis i>lnoni anew. Pope. 
 
 2. The top ; the principal ; the thing most 
 prized. 
 
 With every minute you do change a mind, 
 And call him noble that was now your hate. 
 Him vile, that was your garland. Shakesp. 
 
 G.\'RLICK. n. s. [saji, Sax. a lance ; and 
 leek, the leek that shoots up in blades. 
 Skhiner. Allium, Lat.] 
 
 It has a bulbous root, consisting of many small 
 tubercles included hi its coats: the leaves areplain, 
 the flowers consist of six leaves, formed into a 
 corymbus on ilie top of the stalk ; and are suc- 
 ceelled by subrotund fruit, divided into three cells, 
 which contaiti roundish seeds. Miller. 
 
 Garitck is of an extremely strong smell, and of 
 an acid and pungent taste. It is extremely active, 
 as may he proved by applying plasters of garlick 
 to the feet, which will give a strong smell to the 
 breath. Hill. 
 
 Garlick has, of all our plants, the greatest 
 strength, affords most nourishment, and supplies 
 most spirits to those who eat little flesh. Temple. 
 ^ 'I'is mortal sin an onion to devour; 
 Kach clove of garlick is a sacred pow'r: 
 Religious nations sure, and blest abodes, 
 Where ev'ry orchard is o'er-run with gods. Tate. 
 (ta'rlick Pear-tree* n. s. 
 
 This tree is pretty common in Jamaica, and se- 
 veral other places of America, where it usually 
 rises to the height of thirty or forty feet, and 
 spreads into many branches. When the flowers 
 
 GAR 
 
 fall off the pointal, it becomes a round fruit, which, 
 when ripe, has a rougli, brownish rind, and a mealy 
 sweet pulp, but a strong scent of garlick. Miller. 
 
 Ga'rlick ll'ild. n. s. A plant. 
 Ga'rlickeater. «. 5. [garlick and eaL'\ 
 A mean fellow. 
 
 Vou've made good work, 
 You and your apron men, tliat stood so much 
 Upon the voice of occupation, and 
 The hxtAih oi gariickealers. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Ga'rment. «. s. [guarnimenf, old Fr.] 
 Any thing by which the body is cover- 
 ed ; clothes ; dress. 
 
 Hence, rotten thing, or I shall shake thy hones 
 Outot th\ garments. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Our leaf, once fallen, springetli no more ; nei- 
 ther doih the sun or summer adorn us again with 
 ihe garments o( new leaves and flowers. Eal. Hist, 
 
 Fairest thing that shines below. 
 Why in this robe dost thou appear ? 
 
 Would'st thou a white more perfect slinw. 
 Thou must at aH no garment wear. Cowley. 
 
 Three worthy persirtis from liis side it tore, 
 And dy'd his garment with their scatter'd gore. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 The peacock, in all his priife, does not display 
 half the colours that appear in the garments of a 
 British lady, when she is dressed. Addison's Sped. 
 
 Let him that sues for tiie coat, i. e. the shirt, or 
 inner garment, take the cloak also, is a proverbial 
 phrase too ; for in the truth of the letter, a shirt is 
 no likely matter of a lawsuit, and signifies an un- 1 
 Contesting sutFerance of sucli small losses. 
 
 Kettle well. 
 GA'RNER. n. s, [grenkr, Fr.] A place 
 in which threshed grain is stored uj>. 
 
 Earth's increase, and foyson plenty. 
 Barns and garners never empty. Shakesp. 
 
 For sundry foes the rural realm surround ; 
 The fieidmouse builds her garner under ground ; 
 For gather'd grain the blind laborious mole, 
 In whuiirig mazes, works Iier hidden hole. Dnjd. 
 
 To Ga'rner v. a, [from the noun.] To 
 store as in garners. 
 
 There, where 1 have garnered up my heart, 
 Where either 1 must live, or bear no lite. Shakesp. 
 
 Ga'rnet. ?h s. [garnalo, Ital. granatns, 
 low Lat. from its resemblance in colour 
 to the grain of the pomegranate.] 
 
 The garnet is a gem of a middle degree of hard- 
 between the saphire and the common crys 
 
 ta!. It is found of various sizes. Its surfaces are 
 not so smooth or polite as those of a ruby, and 
 its colour is ever (jf a strong red, with a plain ad- 
 mixture of blueish : its degree of colour is very 
 different, and it always wants much of the bright- 
 ness of the rub3'. Hill. 
 The garnet seems to be a species of the carbun- 
 cle of the ancients : the Bohemian is red, with a 
 slight cast of a flame colour ; and the .Syrian is red, 
 with a slight cast of purple. Woodward's Met. Foss. 
 
 To GA'RNI^H. v.a. [garnir, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To decorate with ornamental append- 
 ages. 
 
 There were hills which garnished their proud 
 iieiglits with stately trees. Sidney. 
 
 All within with flowers was garnished. 
 That, when mild Zepliyrus amongst them blew. 
 Did breathe out bounteous smells, and painted 
 Colours shew. Spenser. 
 
 With taper light 
 To seek the beauteous eye of heav'n to garnish. 
 Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. Shakesp. 
 
 Paradise was a terrestrial garden, garnished with 
 fruits, delighting both the ese and the taste. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 All the streets were garnished with the citizens, 
 
 standing in their liveries. Bacon s Henru Wi. 
 
 2. To embellish a dish with something 
 laid round it. 
 
 With what expence and art, how richly drest ! 
 Garnished with 'sparas^us, himself a feast ! Dryd. 
 
 No man larrls salt pork with orange-peel, 
 Oz garnishes his lamb with spitchcock'd eel. 
 
 KingU Cookery. 
 
 GAR 
 
 3. To fit with fetters. A cant term. 
 Ga'rnish. n. s. [from the verb] 
 
 1. Ornament; decoration; embellishment. 
 
 So are you, sweet, 
 Ev'n ill the lovely garkish of a boy. Shakesp. 
 
 Matter and figure tliey produce ; 
 For garnish this, and tliat for use ; 
 Tliey seek to feed and please their guests. Pruir. 
 
 2. Things strewed round a dish. 
 
 3. [In gaols.] Fetters. A cant terra. 
 
 4. Pensiuncnia carceraria ; an acknow- 
 ledgment in money when first a pri- 
 soner goes into a gaol. Ainsworth. 
 
 Ga'rnishment. 71. s. [from garnish.] 
 Ornament ; embellishment. 
 
 The church ol Sancta Guistiniana in Padoua is 
 a sound piece of good art, where the materials be- 
 ing ordinary stone, without any garnishment of 
 sculpture, ravish the beholders. IVatton, 
 
 Ga'rniture. n.s. [from garnish.] Fur- 
 niture ; ornament. 
 
 They conclude, if they fall short in garniture of 
 their knees, that they are iuferiour in furniture of 
 their heads. Goo. of the Tongue. 
 
 Plain sense, which pleasedyour sires an age ago, 
 Is lost without the ^ar«i(iire"of show. Granville. 
 
 As nature has poured out her charms upon the 
 female part of our si)ecies, so they are very assi- 
 duous ni bestowing upon themselves the" finest 
 garnitures of art. Addism's Sped, 
 
 Ga'rous. adj. [from gar um.] Resembling 
 pickle made of fish. 
 
 In a civet-cat an offensive odour proceeds, part- 
 ly from its food, that being especially' fish ; where- 
 of this humour may be a garoiis excetion, and oli- 
 diius separation. Brovm. 
 
 Ga'rran. 
 
 n. s. [Erse. It imports the 
 same as gelding. The word is still re- 
 tained in Scotland.] A small horse ; a 
 hobby. A highland horse, which.when 
 brought into the north of England, tat;es 
 the name of gaUoivay. 
 
 When he comes forth, he will make their cow» 
 and gaiTaiis to walk, if he doth no other harm to 
 their persons. Spenser. 
 
 Every man would be forced to provide winter- 
 fodder for his team, whereas common garraiis 
 shift upon grass the year round ; and this would 
 force men to the enclosing tif grounds, so that the 
 race of ^ujTaf(5 would decrease. Temple. 
 
 Ga'RRET. n. s. [garite, the tower of a 
 
 citadel, Fr.] 
 1 . A room on the highest floor of the 
 
 house. 
 
 The mob, coraraission'd by the government. 
 Are seldom t(» an ernpt3' gaiTet sent. Dryden. 
 
 John Bull skipped from room to room ; ran up 
 stairs and down stairs, from the kitchen to the 
 garret. Arbuthnot's John Bull. 
 
 On earth the god of wealth was made 
 Sole jtatron of the building trade j 
 Leaving the arts the si'acious air, 
 W ith licence to build castles there : 
 And 'tis conceiv'd their old pretence, 
 To lodge in garrets, comes from thence. Swift, 
 2. Rotten wood. Not in use. 
 
 The colour of the shining part of rotten wood, 
 by daylight, is in some pieces white, and in some 
 pieces inclining to red, which they call the white 
 and red garret. Bacon. 
 
 Garreteer n. s. [from garret.] An 
 inhabitant of a garret. 
 
 GA'RRISON. V. s. [garrison, Fr.] 
 t. Soldiers placed in a fortified town or 
 castle to defend it. 
 
 How oft he said to me. 
 Thou art no soldier fitfur Cupid's gairison. Sidney. 
 2. Fortified place stored with soldiers. 
 Whom the old Roman wall so ill confin'd. 
 With a new chain of garrisons vou bind. Waller. 
 
 794
 
 GAS 
 
 S. The state of being placed in a fortifica- 
 tion for its defence. 
 
 Some of tliem lliat are laid in i;arrison will do 
 no great hurt to the tneroies. Spcnstr on Ireland. 
 
 To Garrison, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To secure by fortresses. 
 
 Others those forces join. 
 Which garrison the conquests near the Rhine. 
 
 Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 GARRULITY, n. s. [garrulitas, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Loquacity ; incontinence of tongue ; 
 inability to keep a secret. 
 
 Let me here 
 Expiate, if possible, my crime, 
 Shameful garrnliti). Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 2. The quality of talking too muchj talk- 
 ativeness. 
 
 Some vices of speech must carefully be avoided; 
 first of all, loquacity or garrulity. Ray on the Great. 
 
 Ga'rrulous. adj. [gan-ulus, Latin.] 
 Prattling ; talkative. 
 
 Old age looks out. 
 And gamilous recounts the feats of vouth. Thorns. 
 
 GA'RTER. n. s. [g-urrfus, Welsh ; jartier, 
 Fr. from gar, Welsh, the binding of the 
 knee.] 
 J. A string or ribband by which the stock- 
 ing is held upon the leg. 
 
 Let their heads be sleekly comb'd, their blue 
 coats brush'd, and their garters of an inditferent 
 knit. ahakesp. Taming of the Shrew, 
 
 When we rest in our clothes we loosen our gar- 
 ters, and other ligatures, to give the spirits free 
 passage. Ray. 
 
 Handsome garters at your knees. Swift. 
 
 There lay three garters, half a pair of gloves. 
 And all the trophies of his former loves. Pope. 
 
 2. The mark of the order of the garter, 
 the highest order of English knighthood. 
 
 Now by my george, my garter. 
 — Thegeorge, profan'd, hath lost his holy honour. 
 The garter, blemish'd, pawn'd his knightly virtue. 
 Shakesp. Rich. III. 
 
 You owe your Ormond nothing but a son. 
 To fill in future times his father's place. 
 And wear the garter of his mother's race. Dryden. 
 
 3. The principal king at arms. 
 
 To Ga'rter. IK a. [from the noun.] To 
 bind with a garter. 
 
 He, being in love, could not see to garter his 
 
 Iiose. Shakesp. 
 
 A person was wounded in the leg, below the 
 
 gartering place. Wisenians Surgery. 
 
 Garth, w. s. [as if girth, from gird.] 
 The bulk of the body measured by the 
 girdle. 
 
 Gas. n. s. [A word invented by the chy- 
 mists.] It is used by V an Helmont, and 
 seems designed to signify, in general, a 
 spirit not capable of being coagulated : 
 but he uses it loosely in many senses. 
 
 Hterrit. 
 
 GASCONADE, n. s. [Fr. from Gascon, 
 a nation eminent for boasting.] A boast ; 
 a bravado. 
 
 Was it a gasconade to please me, that you said 
 your fortune was increased to one hundred a-year 
 since I left you ? Swift. 
 
 To Gasconade, v. n [from the noun.] 
 To boast ; to brag ; to bluster. 
 
 To GASH. II. a. [from hacker, to cut, Fr. 
 Skinner.] To cut deep so as to make a 
 gaping wound; to cut with a blunt in- 
 strument so as to make the wound wide. 
 Where the Englishmen at arms had been de- 
 feated, many of their horses were found grievously 
 gasiitd or gored to death. Hayward. 
 
 Wit is a keen instrument, and every one can cut 
 
 GAS 
 
 and gash with it ; but to carve a beautifid image 
 requires art. Tillotson. 
 
 See me gash'd with knives. 
 Or sear'd with burning steel. Rowe's Koyal Couv. 
 StreamiTig with blood, all over gash'd with 
 wounds. 
 He reel'd, he groan'd, and at the altar fell. Philips 
 
 Gash. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A deep and wide wound. 
 
 He glancing on his helmet, made a large 
 And open gash therein ; were nut his targe. 
 That broke the violence of his intent, 
 The weary soul from thence it would disch.irge. 
 
 Spenser, 
 
 A perilous ga^h, a very limb lopt off. Shakesp. 
 
 Hamilton drove Newton almost to the end of 
 
 the lists : but Newton on a sudden gave him such 
 
 a gash on the leg, that therewith he fell to the 
 
 ground. Hayward. 
 
 But th' ethereal substance clos'd. 
 Not long divisible ; and from tlie gasft 
 A stream of nectareous humour issuing flow'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. The mark of a wound. I know not if 
 this be proper- 
 
 I was fond of back-sword and cudgel play, and 
 I now bear in my body many a black and blue 
 gash and scar. Arbulhnot. 
 
 Ga'skins. n. s, [from Gascoigrie, See 
 Galligaskins.] Wide hose; wide 
 breeches. An old ludicrous word. 
 
 If one point break, the other will hold ; 
 Or, if both break, your gaskins fall. Shakesp, 
 
 To Gasp. v. n. [from gape. Skinner; 
 
 from gispe, Dan. to sob, Junius.] 
 \. To open the mouth wide; to catch 
 
 breath with labour. 
 
 The sick for air before the portal gasp, flryden. 
 
 They rais'd a feeble cry with trembling notes; 
 But the weak voice deceiv'd theirgaspiHg throats. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The gasping head flies otf ; a purple flood 
 Flows from the trunk. Dryden's .Eneid. 
 
 The ladies gusyj't/, and scarcely could respire ; 
 The breath they drew no lor^ger air, but fire. Dry. 
 
 A scantling of wit lay gasjting for life, and 
 groaning beneati'. a heap of rubbish. Dryden. 
 
 The rich cniunlrj. men in .-Vustria were faint and 
 gasping for breath. Brown's Travels. 
 
 Pale and faint, 
 Hegasps for breath ; and, as his liTe flows from him. 
 Demands to see his friends. Addi:^on's Cato. 
 
 2. To emit breath by opening the mouth 
 convulsively. 
 
 I lay me down to gasp my latest breath ; 
 The w'olves will get a breakfast by my death. Dry. 
 
 He staggers round, his eyeballs roll in rieath. 
 And with short sobs he ga5;>s away his breath. 
 
 Dryden's .T.n. 
 
 3. To long for. This sense is, I think, 
 not proper, as nature never expresses 
 desire by gasping. 
 
 The Castilian and his wife liad the comfort to 
 be under the same master, who, seeing how dearly 
 they loved one another, and gasped after their li- 
 berty, demanded a most e-xorbitant price for their 
 ransom. Spectator. 
 
 Gasp. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . The act of opening the mouth to catch 
 breath. 
 
 2. The short catch of breath in the last 
 agonies. 
 
 His fortunes all lie speechless, and his name 
 Is at last ga^p. Shakesp. L'ymhttine. 
 
 Ah, Warwick, Montague hath breath'd his last ; 
 And to the latest ga.tpcry'd out forWarw ick.S/iaS:. 
 
 If in the dreadful hour of death. 
 If at the latest gnsp of breath. 
 When the cold damp bedews your brow. 
 You hope for mercy, shew it now. Addison. 
 
 To Gast. V. a. [from jaj-r, Saxon. See 
 
 Aghast.] To make aghast ; to fright ; 
 
 to shock ; to terrify ; to fear; to affray. 
 
 G A T 
 
 When he saw my best alarmed spirits 
 Bold in the quarrel's right, rous'd to th' encoanter. 
 Or whether gasted by the noise I luade. 
 Full suddenly he fled. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Ga'strick. adj. [from yotrrj.] Belonging 
 to the belly. 
 
 Gastro'raphy. n. s. [yam^anii favru.] 
 In strictness of etj-mology signilies no 
 more than sewing up any wound of the 
 belly; yet in common acceptition it im- 
 plies, that the wound of the belly i> 
 complicated with another of the intes- 
 tines. Sharp's .Surgery. 
 
 Gastro'tomy. n, s. [y»rri^ and tiVo^.] 
 The act of cutting open the belly. 
 
 Gat. The preterite of g-f/. 
 
 Moses gat him up into the mount. Ei. xxir. 18b 
 
 GATE. n. s. [jeat. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The door of a city, castle, palace, or 
 large building. 
 
 Open the gate of mercy, gracious God ! 
 My soul flies through these wounds to seek thee. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Gates of monarchs 
 Are arch'd so high, that giants may jet through. 
 And keep their impious furbands on, without 
 Good-morrow to the sun. .Shakesp. Cymbel. 
 
 2. A frame of timber upon hinges to give 
 a passage into enclosed grounds. 
 
 Know'st thou the way to Dover? 
 — Both stile and gate, horseway, and footpath. 
 
 Sliakes/i. 
 
 3. An avenue ; an opening. 
 
 Auria had done nothing but wisely and politic- 
 ly, in setting the Venetians together by the ears 
 with the lurks, and opening a gate for a lojig war. 
 
 Jsnollcs. 
 
 Ga'tevein. n. s. The vena porta. 
 
 Being a king that loved wealth, he could not t r- 
 durcto have trade sick, nor any obstruction to con- 
 tinue in thegateieinwhich disperselh that blood. 
 Bacon's Henru VIl. 
 G a'teway. n. s, [gate and wai/.] A way 
 through gates of enclosed grounds. 
 
 Gateways between inclosurea are so miry, tiiat 
 they cannot cart between one field and another. 
 iVfijrtimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To GATHER, v. a. [jabepan, Sax.] 
 
 1 . To collect ; to bring into one place. 
 
 Cathei' stones — and they took stones and made 
 an heap. Gen. 
 
 2. To get in harvest. 
 
 The seventh year we shall not sow, nor gather 
 in our increase. Lev. xxv. SO. 
 
 3. To pick up ; to glean. 
 
 His opinions 
 Have satisfied the king for his divorce, 
 Gather'd from all the famous colleges. Shakap. 
 
 Cast up the highway, gather aui the stones. 
 
 Is. hii. 10. 
 
 I will spend this preface up; ^n those from whom 
 I have gathered my knowledge ; for I am hut a 
 gatherer. H'oKon. 
 
 To pay tlie creditor, that lent hira his rent, he 
 must ga(7ier up money by degrees. Locke. 
 
 4. To crop ; to pluck. 
 
 What have I done .' 
 1'o see mv vouih, my beauty, and my love 
 No sooner gain'd, but slighted and betrav'd ; 
 And like a rose just gather'd from the stalk. 
 But only smelt, and clicaply thrown aside. 
 To wither on the ground ! Dryden's Span. Fryor. 
 
 5. To assemble. 
 
 They have gathered tliemselves together against 
 me. Job. 
 
 .\\] the way we went there were gathered some 
 people on both sides, standing in a row. Bacon. 
 
 6. To heap up ; to accuiimlate. 
 
 He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his 
 substance, shall gather it for him that will pity the 
 
 pi>or. 
 
 7. To select and take. 
 
 rroveri.*. 
 
 795
 
 GAT 
 
 Save, us, O Lord, and gather us from among the 
 heathen, to give thanks unto thy holy name. 
 
 Ps. cvi. 47. 
 
 8. To sweep together. 
 
 The kingdom uf heaven is like unto a net that 
 
 was cast into the sea, and gathered of everj; kind. 
 
 1 Mat. xiii. 47. 
 
 9. To collect charitable contributions. 
 
 10. To bring into one body or interest. 
 
 I will gather others to him, besides those that 
 are gathered unto him. Is. tvi. 8. 
 
 11. To draw together from a state of dif- 
 fusion ; to compress ; to contract. 
 
 Immortal Tully slione. 
 The Roman rostra deck'd the consul's throne ; 
 Gath'ring his Sowing robe he seem'd to stand. 
 In act to speak, and graceful stretch'd his hand. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 12. To gain. 
 
 He gathers ground upon her in the cliace ; 
 Now breathes upon her hair witli nearer pace. Dry. 
 
 13. To pucker needlework. 
 
 1 4. To collect logically ; to know by in- 
 ference. 
 
 That which, out of the law of reason or of God, 
 men probably gatheri7ig to be expedient, they 
 make it law. Hooker. 
 
 The reason that 1 gai/ierhe is mad. 
 Is a mad tale he told to-day at dinner. 
 Of his owndoor being shut against his entrance. S/t. 
 
 After he had seen the vision, we endeavoured to 
 get into Macedonia, assuredly gathering (hat the 
 Lord liad called us. .'Icls. 
 
 From this doctrine of the increasing and lessen- 
 ing of sin in this respect, we may gather, that all 
 .sins are not alike and equal, as the stoicks of an- 
 cient limes, and their followers, liave falsely ima- 
 gined. PcrKni. 
 
 Returned 
 By night, and listening wljere the hapless pair 
 Sat in tlieir sad discourse, and various plaint, 
 Thence ^a(/ier'd his own doom. Miltmii Par. Lost. 
 
 Madamoisellc deScudery.who is as old as Si by I, 
 is translating Chaucer into French : from which I 
 gather that he has formerly been translated into 
 the old Provencal. Dryden. 
 
 35. To draw together in needlework. 
 
 16. To slather breath. [A proverbial ex- 
 pression.] To have respite from any 
 calamity. 
 
 'J"he luckless lucky maid 
 A long time •with that savage people staid, 
 To gather breatit, in many miseries. Spenser. 
 
 To Ga'ther. v. 71. 
 
 1. To be condensed ; to thicken. 
 
 If ere night the gath'ring clouds we fear, 
 A song will help the beating storm to bear. Dryd. 
 
 When ■'at/i'ringclcmdso'ershadow all the skies. 
 And shoot quick lightnings, weigh, my boys ! he 
 cries. Dryden. 
 
 When the rival winds their quarrel try. 
 South, East, and West, on airy coursers born. 
 The whirlwind gathers, and the woods are torn. 
 
 Drjjdcn. 
 
 Think on the storm thatgat?iers o'er your licad. 
 And threatens every hour to burstupon it..^(Wison. 
 
 2. To grow larger by the accretion of si- 
 milar matter. 
 
 Their snow-ball did not gather as it went ; for 
 tije people came in to them. Bacon's Henry Vll. 
 
 3. To assemble. 
 
 There be three things that mine heart feareth ; 
 the slander of a city, the gathering together ofaji 
 unruly multitude,and a false accusation. iV.xxvi 5. 
 
 4. To generate pus or matter. 
 
 Ask one, who by repeated restraints hath sub- 
 dued liis natural rage, how he likes the change, aod 
 he "ill lell you 'lisiio less happy than the case of 
 a brnken iraposthume after the painful gathering 
 and filling of it. Uecau of I'iely. 
 
 Ga'ther. n. s. [from the verb.] iPucker; 
 cloth drawn together in wrinkles. 
 
 Give laws for pantaloons. 
 The length of breeches, and the gathers. 
 Part cannons, perriwigs, and feathers. Hudibras. 
 
 G A U 
 
 Ga'therer. n. s, [from gather.] 
 
 1. One that gathers ; one that collects ; a 
 collector. 
 
 1 will spend this preface about those from whom 
 I have gathered my knowledge ; for I am but a 
 gatherer and disposerof other men's stuff. Wotton. 
 
 2. One that gets in a crop of any kind. 
 
 I was a lierdman and a gatherer of sycamore' 
 fruit. Amos, 
 
 Nor in that land 
 Do poisonous herbs deceive the gatherer's hand. 
 
 May's Virgil. 
 
 Ga'thering. n. s. [from galher.] Col- 
 lection of charitable contributions. 
 
 Let every one lay by him in store, that there be 
 no gatheririg when 1 come. 1 Cor. xvi. 2. 
 
 Ga'tten-tree. k. 5. A species of Cor- 
 nelian cherry. 
 
 GAUDE. n. s. [The etymology of this 
 word is uncertain ; Skinner imagines it 
 may come from gaude, Fr. a yellow flow- 
 er, yellow being the most gaudy colour. 
 JuniuSj according to his custom, talks 
 of uyavQi; ; and Mr. Li/e finds gaude, in 
 Douglass, to signify deceit or fraud, 
 from givaivdiOtWel^^, to cheat. It seems 
 to me most easily deducible from gau- 
 rf/Kw?,Lat. joy ; the cause of joy ; a token 
 of joy : thence aptly applied to any thing 
 that gives or expresses pleasure. In Scot- 
 land this word is still retained, both as 
 a showy bawble, and the person fooled. 
 It also in Scotland denotes a yellow flow- 
 er.] An ornament; a fine thing ; any 
 thing worn as a sign of joy. It is not 
 now much used. 
 
 He stole th' impression of her fantasy, 
 Wiih bracelets of thy hair, rings, gauges, conceits, 
 Knacks, tritles, nosegays, sweetmeats, Shakesp. 
 
 The sun i.s in the heav'n, and the proud da^^. 
 Attended with the pleasures of the world, 
 Is all loo wanton, and too full oi gandes. 
 To give me audience. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 My love to Herraia 
 Is melted as the snow ; seems to me now 
 As the remembrance uf an idie^aude, 
 Which in mv childhood I did doat upon. Shakesp. 
 
 Some bound for Guiney, golden sand to find. 
 Bore all the gandes the simple natives wear ; 
 
 Some for the pride of Turkish courts design'd, 
 Fur folded turbants finest Holland bear. Dryden. 
 
 To Gaude. v. a. [gaudeo, Lat.] To ex- 
 ult ; to rejoice at any thing. 
 
 Go to a gossip's feast, and gaude with me. 
 After so long grief such nativity. Shakesp, 
 
 Ga'udery. 7t. s. [from gaude,] Finery; 
 ostentatious luxury of dress. 
 
 'I'he triumpli was not pageants and gandery, but 
 one of the wisest and noblest institutions that 
 ever was. Bacon's Essays. 
 
 Age, which is but one remove from death, and 
 should have nothing about us but what looks like 
 a decent preparation for it, scarce ever appears, 
 of htte, but in the high mode, the flaunting garb, 
 and utmost gn?irfery nf youth, with dollies as ridi- 
 culously, and as raucli in the fashion, as the per- 
 son that wears them is usually grown out of it. 
 
 South. 
 
 A plain suit, since we can make but one, 
 Is better than to be by tarnish'd gaud'ry known. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ga'udily. adv. [from gaiidt/.] Showily. 
 Ga'udiness. n. s. [from gaudi/.] Showi- 
 
 ness ; tinsel appearance. 
 Ga'udy. adj. [from gande.] Showy; 
 
 splendid; pompous; ostentatiously fine. 
 
 Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, 
 I But not exprest in fancy ; rich, not gaudy ; 
 ' For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Shakesp. 
 
 G A Tj 
 
 fancies fond with gaudy shapes possess. 
 As thick and numberless 
 As the gay moles that people the sun-beams.Mift. 
 
 A goldfinch there 1 saw, viilb gaudy pride 
 Of painted plumes, th.at hopp'd from side to side, 
 m T, Dryden. 
 
 The Bavarian duke his brigades leads. 
 Gallant in arms, and gaudy to behold. Philipi. 
 
 A man who walks directly to his journey's end, 
 will arrive thither nmch sooner than him who 
 wanders aside to gaze at ever; thijig, or to gather 
 every gaudy flower. Watts. 
 
 It is much to be lamented, that persons so na- 
 turally qualified to be great examples of piety, 
 should, by an erroneous education, be made poor 
 RnA gaudy spectacles of the greatest vanity. Law. 
 
 Ga'udy. n. s. 'ygaudium, ha.t.'] A feast; 
 a festival ; a day of plenty. A word 
 used in the university. 
 
 He may surely be content with a fast to-day, 
 that is sure of a gaudy to-morrow, Cheyne. 
 
 Gave. The preterit of give. 
 
 Thou can'st not every day give me thy heart ; 
 ]f thou can'st give it, then thou never gav'st it : 
 
 Love's riddles are, that though thy heart depart, 
 It stays at home, and thou with losing sav'st it. 
 
 Donne. 
 Ga'vel. n. s. A provincial word for 
 ground. 
 
 Let it lie upon the ground or gavel eight or ten 
 times. Mortimer. 
 
 Gavelkind, n. s. [In law.] A custom 
 whereby the lands of the fathers are 
 equally divided at liis death amongst all 
 his sons, or the land of the brother equal- 
 ly divided among the brothers, if he have 
 no issue of his own. This custom is of 
 force in divers places of England, but 
 especially in Kent. Coivell. 
 
 Among other Welsh customs he abolished that 
 of gaiW/tmrf, whereby the heirs female were utterly 
 excluded, and the bastards did inherit as well as 
 the legitimate, wh.ich is the very lx'i%\\ gavelkind. 
 Davies on Ireland. 
 
 To GAUGE. V. a. [gauge, jauge, a mea- 
 suring rod, Fr. It is pronounced, and 
 often written, gage.] 
 
 1. To measure with respect to the contents 
 of a vessel. 
 
 2. To measure with respect to any propor- 
 tion. 
 
 The vanes nicely ganged on each side, broad on 
 one side, and narrow on the other, both which 
 minister to the progressive motion of the bird. 
 
 Derham's Physico-Theology. 
 
 There is nothing more perfectly admirable in 
 itself than that artful manner in Homer, of taking 
 measure or gaging his heroes by each other, and 
 thereby elevatnig the character of one person by 
 the opposition of it to some other he is made to 
 excel. Pope. 
 
 Gauge, n. s. [from the verb.] A mea- 
 sure; a standard. 
 
 This plate must be a gage to file your w.^rra and 
 groove to equal breadth by. 
 
 Melon's Mechanical Exercises. 
 
 If money were to be hired, as land is, or to be 
 had from the owner himself, it might then be had 
 at the market rate, which would be a constant 
 gauge of your trade a!id wealth. Locke. 
 
 Timothy proposed to his mistress that she 
 should entertain no servant that was above four 
 feet seven inches high ; and for that purpose had 
 prepared a gage, by which they were to be mea- 
 sured. Arbuthnct. 
 
 Gau'ger. n. s. [from gauge.] One whose 
 business is to measure vessels or quan- 
 tities. 
 
 Those earls and dukes have been privileged 
 with royal jurisdiction ; and appointed their spe- 
 cial officers, as sherilf, admiral, ganger, and es- 
 cheator. Carew on Cornwall. 
 
 796
 
 GAY 
 
 Those earls and dukes liave been ptivjleped 
 with royal jurisdiclion ; and appointed their spe- 
 cial olllcers, as sheriff, admiral, gau^er, and es- 
 cheator. Curew on Ccrmwall, 
 
 GAUNT, adj. [As if gcwant, from jepa- 
 nian, to lessen, Sax.] Thin; slender; 
 lean ; meagre. 
 
 Oil, how that name befits ray composition ! 
 Old GaiiJil, indeed, and gaunt in bein); old : 
 Within me grief hath kept a tedious fast ; 
 And who abstains from meat tl)at is not gamitf 
 For sleeping England long time have I watch'd ; 
 Watching breeds leanness, le.inness is allgaiml: 
 The pleasure that some fathers feed upon 
 Is my strict fast ; I mean my children s looks ; 
 And "therein fasting, thou hast made nie guunt : 
 Gaunt am I for tlie grave, gaunt as a grave, 
 Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones. 
 Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 Two mastiffs, gniiiil and grim, her (light pursu'd, 
 
 Aird oft their faslen'd fangs in blood erabru'd. Drj/. 
 
 Ga'untly. adv. [from gaunt.] Leanly ; 
 
 slenderly ; meagerly. 
 Gauntlet, n. s. [gantelet, Fr.] An iron 
 glove used for defence, and thrown down 
 in challenges. It is sometimes in poetry 
 used for the cesfus, or boxing glove. 
 
 A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel. 
 Must glove this hand. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Feel but the ditference, soft and rough ; 
 This a gauntlet, that a muft". Cleaveland. 
 
 Some shall in swiftness for the goal contend. 
 And others try the twanginc bow to bend ; 
 The strong with iron gauntlets arm'd shall stand, 
 Oppos'd in combat on the yellow sand. Dryden. 
 
 VVho naked wrestled best, besmear'd witli <iil ; 
 Or who with 'fouiitfets gave or took the foil. Dryd. 
 
 The funeral of some valiant knight 
 Way give this thing its proper light ; 
 View nis two ^auK(/e(s ; these declare 
 That both his hands were us'd to war. I'rior. 
 
 So to repel the Vandals of the stage. 
 Our vet'ran bard resumes his tragick rage ■, 
 He throws the gauntlet Otway used to wield, 
 And calls for Englishmen to judge the field. 
 
 .S'(U((/iern. 
 
 Ga'vot. n.s. [gavotte, Fr.] A kind of dance. 
 
 The disposition in a fiddle to play tunes in pre- 
 ludes, sarabands, jigs, and gatots, are real quali- 
 ties in the instrument. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Gauze, n.s. A kind of thin transparent 
 
 silk. 
 
 Silken clothes were used by the ladies ; and it 
 seems they were thin, likegflu:e. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Brocadoes and damasks, and tabbies and gauzes. 
 Are lately brought over. Suijfi. 
 
 Gawk. n. s. [geac, Sax.] 
 
 1. A cuckow. 
 
 2. A foolish fellow. In both senses it is 
 retained in Scotland. 
 
 Gawn. n. s. [corrupted for gallon.] A 
 small tub, or lading vessel. A provin- 
 cial word. 
 
 Ga'wntree. n. s. [Scott.] A wooden 
 frame on which beer-casks are set when 
 tunned. 
 
 GAY. adj. [gay, Fr.] 
 
 1. Airy; cheerful; merry; frolick. 
 Smooth flow the waves, the zephyrs gently play, 
 
 Belinda smiTd, and all the world was gay. rope. 
 
 Ev'n rival wits did Voiture's fate deplore. 
 And the gay raourn'd, who never mourn'd before. 
 
 Pitpe. 
 
 2. Fine ; showy. 
 
 A virgin that loves to go gay. Bar. vi. 9. 
 
 Gay. n. s. [from the adjective.] An or- 
 nament ; an embellishment. 
 
 Morose and untractahle spirits look upon pre- 
 cepts in emblem, as they do upon^avs and pictures, 
 the fooleries of so many old wives laie^.L' Estrange, 
 
 Ga'yety. n. s. [gayete, Fr. from gay.] 
 1. Cheerfulness; airiness; merriment. 
 
 G A Z 
 
 2. Acts of juvenile pleasure. 
 
 And from those sayelici our ^outli requires 
 Tu exercise their minds, our age retires. Denkam. 
 
 3. Finery ; show. 
 
 Our gat/e(i/snd our guilt are all besmirch'd. 
 With rainy rnarching in the painful field. Shakesp. 
 
 Ga'yly. adv, 
 
 1. Merrily; cheerfully; airily. 
 
 2. Splendidly; pompously;with great show. 
 
 Tlie Ia<iie3, gay^y dress'd. the IMall adorn 
 
 With curic»u8 dies, and paint the sunnv moTn.Gay. 
 
 Like sr)me fnirflow'r, that earlv Spriiijf supplies, 
 
 Thatgny/i/bJaoiDS, but ev'n in blui.niinf^ dici.Pope. 
 
 Ga'yness. 71, s. [from gaj/.] Gayety ; 
 
 finery. Not much in use. 
 To GAZE. r. n. [aya^icr9a», or rather 
 gej-ean, to see, Sax.] To look intently 
 and earnestly ; to look with eagerness. 
 
 What see'st thou there? King Henry's diadem, 
 liichas'd with all the honours of the world : 
 If so, ;,'a:e on. Shakcip. Htnry W . 
 
 From some she cast her modest eyes bel"w ; 
 At some her gazing fjlances roving flew, fairjai. 
 
 Gaze not un a maid, that thuu fa/1 rmt by those 
 things that are preciuus in her. Kccles. ix. 5. 
 
 A lover's eyes will gaze an eagle blind. Shakesp. 
 
 Higli stations tumults, but not bliss, create ; 
 None think the great unhappy, but the great : 
 Fools gaze and ei'ivy ; Envy darts a sting. 
 Which makes a swain as vr retched asaking. Fout?^- 
 
 To Gaze. v. a. To view stedfastly. 
 
 Strait toward heav'n my wondring eyes 1 turn'd, 
 And gaz'd awhile the ample sky. Milton. 
 
 Gaze. n. 5. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Intent regard : look of eagerness and 
 wonder ; fixed look. 
 
 Being lit;hten'd with her beauty's beam, 
 And thereby fiU'd with happy influence. 
 And lifted up above the world's gaze, 
 To sing with angels her immortal praise. Spenser. 
 
 Do but note a wild and wanton herd. 
 If any air of musick touch ilieirears. 
 You shall perceive them make a mutual stand. 
 Their savage e^es turn'd to a modest gaze. 
 By the sweet power of musick. Shakesp. 
 
 Not a raontli 
 'Fore your queen dy'd, she was more worth such 
 
 gazes 
 Than what you look on now. Shakesp. 
 
 With secret gaze. 
 Or open admiration, him behold. 
 On whom the great Creator hath bestow'd 
 Worlds. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Pindar is a dark writer, wants connexion as to 
 our understanding, soars out of sight, and leaves 
 his readers at agaze. Dryden. 
 
 After having stood at gaze before tliis gate, be 
 discovered an inscription. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 2. The object gazed on. 
 
 I nmst die 
 Betray'd, captiv'd, and both my eyes put out ; 
 Made uf mine enemies llie scorn and gaze ; 
 To grind ill brazen fetters, under task, 
 With my heav'n-gifted strength. Milton s Agon. 
 
 Ga'zel. n.s. An Arabian deer. 
 
 Ga'zer. n. s. [from £^fl^e.] He that gazes; 
 one tliat looks intently with eagerness 
 or admiration. 
 
 In her checks the vermi! red did shew, 
 Like roses in a bed of lilies shed ; 
 
 The which ambrosial odours from tliera threw, 
 And gazers sense with double |>!easure fed. Fairy Q. 
 
 I'll slay more^^a:ri's than the basilisk. Shafies]\ 
 
 Bright as the sun, her eyes the ^a;ers strike ; 
 And, Tike the sun, they shine on all alike. ^*^V^- 
 
 His learned ideas give him a transcendent ae- 
 light ; and yet, at the same time, di^>c<)ver the ble- 
 mishes which the common gajer never observed. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Ga'zeful. adj. [gaze and full.] Looking 
 intently. 
 
 The briglitness of her beauty clear. 
 The ravisht hearts o^ gazejul men might rear 
 To admiration of tliat'heaveuly light. Spenser. 
 
 G E A 
 
 Ga'zehound. n. s. [ga:e and hound: 
 
 canis agaseeus. Skinner.] A hound that 
 
 pursues not by the scent, but by the eye. 
 
 Se'est thou tlie gazehound .' how with glance 
 
 severe 
 
 From the close herds he marks tlie destin'd deer ! 
 
 TicUI. 
 
 G.VZETTE. n.s. [ gazef la is aVenetian 
 halfpenny, the price of a newspaper, ot 
 wiiicli the first was pubHshed at Venice.] 
 A paper of news ; a paper of publick 
 intelhgence. It is accented differently 
 on the first or last syllable. 
 
 And sometimes when the loss is small. 
 And danger great, they challenge all j 
 Pritit new editions to their feasts, 
 And emendations in gazettes. Hudibras. 
 
 .\n Eiifilish gentleman, without geography, can- 
 not well uriderstand ^gazette. Locke. 
 
 One cannot hear a name mentioned in it th.il 
 docs not bring to mind a piece of the gazette. Add. 
 
 All, all hut truth, falls di-ad-burii from the press ; 
 Like the last gazette, or the last address. Pope. 
 
 Gazette'er. n. s. [from gazeltt.] 
 
 1 . A ■writer of news. 
 
 2. An officer appointed to publish news 
 by authority, whom Steele calls the low- 
 est minister of state. 
 
 Satire is no more ; I feel it die ; 
 No gazetteer more innocent than 1. Pope. 
 
 G.i'ziNGSTOCK. n. s. [g-azeand slock.] .\ 
 person gazed at with scorn or abhorrence. 
 
 These things are olfences to us, hv making us 
 gazingstocks to others, and objects of their scorn 
 and derision. Ray. 
 
 GA'ZON. n.s. [Fr.] In fortification pieces 
 of fresh earth covered with grass, cut 
 in form of a wedge, about a foot long 
 and half a foot thick, to line parapets and 
 the traverses of galleries. Harris. 
 
 Gear. n. s. [gypian, to clothe ; 5«appe, 
 furniture. Sax.] 
 
 1. Furniture; accoutrements; dress; ha- 
 bit ; ornaments. 
 
 .'\rraj thv^elf in her most gorgeous .gear. Fair.Q. 
 
 When he found her bound, stript from her gear. 
 And vile tormentors read^' saw in place. 
 He broke through. Fairf'ai. 
 
 When once her eye 
 Hath met the virtue of this magick dust, 
 I shall ajipear some harmless villager. 
 Whom thrift keeps up about his country gtor.JJi/. 
 
 I fancy every body observes me as I walk the 
 street, and long to be in my old plain sear again. 
 Addison s Guardian. 
 
 To see some radiant nymph appear 
 In all her glittering birthday gear, 
 Vou think some goddess from the sky 
 Descended, ready cut and dry. Sicijt 
 
 2. 'I'he traces by which horses or oxen draw. 
 
 Apollo's spite I'allus discerned, and flew to 
 Tydcus' son ; 
 His scourge reacht, and his horse made fresh ; 
 
 then took her augry run 
 At king Eumelus, brake liis gears. Chapman's II. 
 
 The frauds he Icarn'd in his fr.intick years 
 Made him uneasy in his lawful gturs. Dryo'cu. 
 
 3. Stuff. Hanmcr. 
 
 If fortune be a woman, she is a good wench for 
 
 thisgfar. Shakesp. ^lerch. of Venice. 
 
 ■i. [In Scotland.] Goods or riches ; as, he 
 
 has gear enough. 
 o. The furniture of a draught-horse. 
 Ge'asox- adj. [.\ word which I find only 
 in Spenser.] Wonderful. 
 It to leeches seemed strange and geason, Huhb. 
 Geat. n.s. [corrupted from Jf/?.] The 
 hole through which the metal runs into 
 the mold. iMoxoti. 
 
 797
 
 GEL 
 
 Geck. n. s. [jeac, a cuckow ; geek, Oer. 
 a fool ; g/iu'k, Scott.] A bubble easily 
 imposed upon. Hanmer. Obsolete. 
 
 Why did vou buffer Jacliiino to taint liis noble 
 heart and brain with needless jealousy, and to be- 
 come the ^eck and scorn o'tb'other's villainy ?.S7iu/i. 
 
 Why have you suffer'd nie to be iniprison'd, 
 And made the most notorious geck and gull 
 That e'er invention play'd on? Shakesp. 
 
 To Geck. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 cheat; to trick. 
 Gee. a term used by waggoners to their 
 
 horses when they would have them go 
 
 faster. 
 Geese. 
 
 WhRt 
 
 The plural of goose. 
 Ge'lable. adj. [from g-f/«, Lat.] 
 may be congealed, or concreted into a 
 gelly. 
 Gelatine, \adj. [gelatiis, Latin.] 
 GeLA'tinous. 3 Formed into a gelly ; 
 viscous ; stiff and cohesive. 
 
 That pellucid gelatinous substance is an excre- 
 ment cast off from the shoals of fish that iiihabit 
 the main. Woodward 
 
 Yiiu shall alwayi see their eggs laid carefully up 
 in that spermaiick gelathie matter, in which they 
 are reposited. Dcrham. 
 
 To GELD. V. a. preter. gelded or gell ; 
 part. pass, gelded ov gelt, [geltin, Ger.] 
 
 1 . To castrate ; to deprive of the power 
 of generation. 
 
 G»ld bull-calf and ram-Iamb as soon as they fall. 
 
 Tnsser. 
 
 Lord Say hath getiied the cnmmonwcaltb, and 
 
 made it an eunuch. ShuKesp. Henry VI. 
 
 2. To deprive of any essential part. 
 
 He bears bis course, an'l runs me up 
 With like advantage on the other side, 
 Gelding th' opposed continent as much 
 As on the other side it takes from you. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To deprive of any thing immodest, or 
 liable to objection. 
 
 'i'hey were dilijient enongb to make sure work, 
 and til geld it so clearly in some places, that tliey 
 took away the very niantiood of it. Drijden. 
 
 G ELDER, n. s. [from geld.] One that 
 performs the act of castration. 
 
 Geld later with ^eWers, as many one do. 
 And look of a dozen to geld away two. Tusscr. 
 
 N(» sow-gelder did blow bis burn 
 'lo geld a cat, but cry'd reform. fludihrus. 
 
 Ge'lder-rose. ». «. [I suppose brought 
 from Giitlderlaiid.] The leaves are like 
 those of the maple-tree : the flowers con- 
 sist of one leaf, in a circular rose form. 
 
 Milter. 
 
 The geld cr-rose is increased b^' suckers and cul- 
 
 tiiiga. Mortimer. 
 
 Ge'lding. n. s. [from geld.] Any animal 
 castrated, particularly an horse. 
 
 Though naiurally there be mure males uf horses, 
 bulls, or rams, tlian females ; yet artiricially, that 
 is, by making geldings, oxen, and wethers, there 
 are tewer. Graunt. 
 
 The lorri-Heutenant may choose out one of the 
 best horses, and two of the best geldings ; for which 
 shall be paid owe hundred pounds for the horse, 
 and fifty piunds a-piece for tlie geldings. Temple. 
 
 (JE'LID. adj, [ge/iduSf Lat.] Extremely 
 
 cold. 
 From the deep u(pze and gelid cavern rous'd. 
 
 They fluunce. Thomson s Spring. 
 
 Geli'dity. 71. s. [fi'Oia gelid,] Extreme 
 
 cold. Diet. 
 
 Ge'lidnESS. 7/. 5. [Crom gelid.] Extreme 
 
 cold. Did. 
 
 Ge'i.ly. n. s. [gtlatuSf Lat.] Any viscous 
 
 body; viscidity; glue; gluey substance. 
 
 G E M 
 
 My best blood turn'* 
 To an infected gelly. Shakesp. Winter^s Tale. 
 
 The tapers of the gods, 
 The sun and moon, became like waxen globes, 
 The shooting stars end all in purple fff//t>5, 
 And chaos is at hand. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus. 
 1 he wliite of an egg will coagulate by a mode- 
 rate heat, and the iiardest of the animal solids are 
 resolvable again into gellies. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Gelt. w. s. [from geld.] A castrated 
 animal; gelding. Not used. 
 
 The spRyed gelts ihey csteen the most profita- 
 ble. Mortimer. 
 
 Gelt. The participle passive of g-f/rf. 
 
 Let the others be gelt for oxen. Mortim. Husb. 
 
 Gelt. n. s. [corrupted for the sake of 
 rhime from jd-jV/.] Tinsel; gilt surface. 
 
 I won her with h girdle o( gelt, 
 
 Embost with bugle about the belt. SpenserUPast. 
 GEM. n. s, [gemma, Lat.] 
 1 . A jewel ; a precious stone of whatever 
 
 kind. 
 
 Love liis fancy drew ; 
 And so to take the gem Crania sought. Sidney. 
 
 I saw nis bleeding rings, 
 riieir precious gems new lost, became his guide, 
 Led him, begg'd for him, sav'd hira from despair. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 It will seem a hard matter to shadow a gem, or 
 
 well pointed diamond, that hatU many sides, and 
 
 to give the lustre where it ought. Peach, on Draw. 
 
 Stones of small worth may lie unseen by day ; 
 But night itself does the rich gem betray. Cowley. 
 The basis of all gem.'i is, when pure, wholly dia- 
 phanous, and either crystal or an adamantine mat- 
 ter ; but we find the diaphaneity of this matter 
 changed, by means of a fine metallick matter. 
 
 Woodward. 
 2. The first bud. 
 
 From the joints of thy prolific stem 
 A swelling knot is raised, called a gem ; 
 Whence, in short space, itself the cluster shows. 
 
 Denham. 
 Embolden'd out they come, 
 Aiid swell the gems, and burst the narrow room. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 To Gem. v. a. [gemma, Lat.] To adorn, 
 
 as with jewels or buds. 
 To Gem. v. n. [gemmo, Latin.] To put 
 
 forth the first butls. 
 
 Last rose, in dance, the stately trees, and spread 
 Their branches, hung with copious fruit; or gemm'd 
 Their blossoms. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Geme'lliparous. adj. ^ gemtlli and pa~ 
 rio, Lat.] Bearing twins. Diet. 
 
 To GE'MINATE. v, a. [gemino, Latin.] 
 To double. Dicf. 
 
 Gemina'tion. n. s. [from geminate.] 
 Repetition; reduplication .. 
 
 Be not afraid of then) that kill the body: fear 
 him, which, after he hath killed, hath power to 
 cast into hell ; yed, T say unto 3'ou, with a gemi- 
 nation, which the prescMit controversy shews not 
 to luve beeH causeless, fear him. Boyle. 
 
 Ge'miny. n. s, [gemini, Lat.] Twins; a 
 pair; a brace ; a couple. 
 
 I have grated upon my good friends fur tliree 
 reprieves lor you, and your couch fellow, Nim ; 
 or else you had looked through the grate, like a 
 geminu of baboons. .shakesp. 
 
 A geminy o( asses split will make ju3t four of you. 
 
 Congreve. 
 
 Ge minous. odj. [gemiHUs, Lat.] Double. 
 
 Christians have baptized these geminous births, 
 and double connasceiicies, with several names, as 
 C'nceivint: in them a distinction of souls. Brown. 
 
 Ge'mmary. adj. [from gem.] Pertaining 
 to perns or jewels. 
 
 The principle and g'emmarj/ affeclion is its trans- 
 Uicr-iicy : as for irradiancy, which is found in 
 many gems, it is not discoverable in this. Brown. \ 
 
 CiE'MMEOUS. adj. [gemmeuSy Lat] 
 
 1 . Tending to gems. ! 
 
 GEN 
 
 Sometimes we find them in the gemmeous mattei 
 'tself. ^ Woodward, 
 
 2. Resembling gems. 
 
 Gemmo'sity. ?i. s. [from gem.] The 
 quality of being a jewel. Diet. 
 
 Gemote, n. s. A meeting; the court of 
 the hundred. Obsolete. 
 
 Ge'nder. w. s. Igcnus, Lat. gendre, Fr.] 
 
 1. A kind ; a sort. Not in use. 
 Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our 
 
 wills are gardeners ; 5> that if we will supply it 
 with one gfiirffr of betbs, or distract it with manv, 
 the power and corrigible authority of this lies in 
 our will. Shakespeare. 
 
 'I'he other motive, 
 Why to a publick court I might not go. 
 Is the great love the general gender bare me. Shak. 
 
 2. A sex. 
 
 3. [In grammar.] A denomination given to 
 nouns from their being joined to an ad- 
 jective in this or that termination. C/r/r/tf. 
 
 Cubitus, sometimes cuhitum in tbi- neutral gen- 
 der, signifies the lower part of the arm on which 
 we lean. Arbuthnct. 
 
 Uljsses speaks of Nausicaa, yet immediately 
 changes the words into the masculine gender. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 To Ge'nder. v. a. [evgendrer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To beget. 
 
 •2. To produce ; to cause. 
 
 Foolish and unlearned questions avoid, know- 
 ing that they do gender strife. 2 Tim. ii. 23. 
 
 To Ge'nder. v.n. I'o copulate; to breed. 
 
 A cistern for foul toads 
 To^fnderin. Shakesp Othello. 
 
 Ihousbaltnot let thy cattle ge7i(ier with a di- 
 verse kind. " Leu. six. 19. 
 
 Genealogical, adj. [from genealogi/.] 
 Pertaining to descents or families; per- 
 taining to the history of the successions 
 of houses. 
 
 Genealogist. 7). s. [yinaXayiu ; genea- 
 logiste, Fr.] lie who traces descents. 
 
 GENEA'LOGY. n. s. [ytna. and Aoyo;.] 
 History of the succession of families ; 
 enumeration of descent in order of suc- 
 cession ; a pedigree. 
 
 The ancients ranged chaos into several regions ; 
 and in tliat order successively rising oiie fro.ij ano- 
 ther, as if it was a pedigree vv getiealogij,3urilcts.The. 
 
 Generable. adj. [from genero, Lat.] 
 
 That may be produced or begotten. 
 GENERAL, adj. [general, Fr. generulis, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Comprehending many species or indi- 
 viduals ; not special ; not particular. 
 
 To conclude from particulars to generaU is a 
 false way of arguing. Broome. 
 
 2. Lax in signification ; not restrained to 
 any special or particular import. 
 
 VVbere the author speaks more strictly and par- 
 ticularly on any theme, it will expl.iiii the more 
 loose and ^etif rui expressions. Watts. 
 
 3. Not restrained by narrow or distinctive 
 limitations 
 
 Ageneral idea is ati idea in the mind, considered 
 there as separated from time and place, an_ so ca- 
 pable to represent any particular being that is 
 conformable to it. Locke. 
 
 4. Relating to a whole class or body of 
 men, or a whole kintl of any being. 
 
 They, because some have been admitted with- 
 out trial, made that fault general which is u.irticu- 
 lar. Whitgift. 
 
 5. Publick ; comprising the whole. 
 Nor would we deign hira burial of his men, 
 
 Till he disbursed at St. Cobneskill isle 
 
 Ten thousand dollars to uur gen ral use. Shakesp 
 
 79»
 
 GEN 
 
 Norfaird they to express how much they prais'd. 
 That for the general safety he despis'd 
 His own. Milton s Par. Lott. 
 
 6. Not directed to any single object. 
 
 If the same thing be peculiarly evil, that o'enc- 
 ral aversion will be turned into a particular hatred 
 agaill^t it. Spratt. 
 
 7. Having relation to all. 
 
 The wall of Paradise upsprung, 
 Wliich to our general sire gave prospect large 
 Into his nether empire neighb'nng round. Milton. 
 
 8. Extensive, though not universal. 
 
 9. Common ; usual. 
 
 I've been buld, 
 For that I knew it the most general way. Shakesp. 
 
 10. Gentral is apprehended to several offi- 
 ces: as, Attorney General, Solicitor 
 General^ Vice General. 
 
 Ge'neral. n.s, 
 
 1. The whole; the totality; the main, 
 without insisting on particulars. 
 
 That which makes an action fit to he com- 
 manded nr fi)rbidden, can bt nothing else, in 
 general, but its tendency to promote or hinder 
 the atlainiuent of some end. Korris. 
 
 In pirticnlars our knowledge begins and so 
 spreads itself I'v degrees to generah. Lt>CH€. 
 
 I have considered Milton's Paradise L-ist in the 
 fable, tlie characters, the sentiments, and tlie 
 language ; and have shewn that he excels, in ge- 
 nei'dl, under each of these heads. Addiscm. 
 
 All history painter paints man in general ; a 
 portrait pain'cr a particular roan, and conse- 
 quently a de'eclive model. Reunolds. 
 
 2. Thepublick; the interestof the whole. 
 Not in use. 
 
 Neither ray place, nor ought I heard of business, 
 Hath raised me from my bed ; nor doth the general 
 Take hold on me ; for my particular grief 
 Inpluts and swallows other sorrows. Shakespeare, 
 
 3. The vulgar. Not in use. 
 
 The pl'\V, I remember, pleased not the million ; 
 'twas caviare to the general ■ but it was, as I re- 
 ceived it, and others, whose judgment in such 
 matters cried in the top of mine, an excellent play. 
 ahakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 4. [General, Fr.] One that has the com- 
 mand over an army. 
 
 A general is one that hath power to command 
 an army. Locke. 
 
 The generals on the enemy's side are inferior to 
 several that once commanded the French armies. 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 The war's whole art each private soldier knows. 
 And with agenraVs love of conquest glows Add. 
 Generali'ssimo. 72. s. [generalissime, 
 Fr. from general.] The supreme com- 
 mander. It is often rather a title of ho- 
 nour than office. 
 
 Commission of generalissimo was likewise given 
 to the prince. Clarendon. 
 
 Pumpey had deserved the name of great ; and 
 Alexander, of the same cognoraination, was genc- 
 ralissimo of Greece. Brnwn. 
 
 Genera'lity. ». s. [generalitcy Fr. from 
 generaLI 
 
 1. The state of being general ; the qua- 
 lity of including species or particulars. 
 
 Because the curiosity of man's wit doth with 
 peri! wade further in the search of things than 
 were convenient, tlie same is tliereby restraiiied 
 unto such generalities as, eve-y where offering 
 themselves, arc apparent to men of the weakest 
 conceit. Hooker. 
 
 ^ These certificates do only in the generality men- 
 lion the parties contumacies and disobedience. ^yi, 
 
 2. The main body ; the bulk ; the com- 
 mon mass. 
 
 Necessity, not extending to the generality, but 
 resting upon private heads. Raleigh's Essays, 
 
 By his own principles lie excludes from salva- 
 tion the generality of his own church ; tliat is, all 
 Uiat do not believe upon his grounds. Tiilotson. 
 
 GEN 
 
 The generality of the English have such a fa- 
 vourable opinion of treason, nothiiig can cure 
 them. Addison. 
 
 They publish their ill-natured discoveries witli 
 a secret pride, and applaud themselves for the 
 singularityoftheirjudgment, which has found aflaw 
 in what the generalityuf mankind adm'nes. Addison. 
 
 Tlie wisest were distracted with doubts.whilellie 
 generality wandered wiihout any ruler. Itfigers. 
 
 Ge'nerally. adv. [i'rom genera L] 
 1. In general; without specification or 
 exact limitation. 
 
 I am not a woman to be touch'd with so many 
 giddy faricies as he hath generally taxed their 
 wht»le sex withal. Shakespeare. 
 
 Generallu we would not have those that read 
 this work of Sylva Sylvarum, account it strange 
 that we have set down particulars untried. Bacon. 
 
 G. Extensively, though not universally. 
 
 3. Commonly ; frequently. 
 
 4. In the main; without minute detail : 
 in the whole taken together. 
 
 Gf7ierfl//y speaking, they live ver^" quietly. Add. 
 
 G€nera//y speaking, they have been gaining ever 
 since, though with frequent interruptions. Swift 
 
 Generallu speaking, persons designed for long 
 life, though in their former years they were small 
 eaters, yet find their appetites encrease with their 
 age, Blackmnre 
 
 Ge'neralness. w. s. [from general.] 
 Wide extent, though short of univer- 
 sality; frequency; commonness. 
 
 They had, wiili a general consent, rather spring- 
 ing by the ^enera/?)ess of the cause than of any arti- 
 ficial practice, set themselves in arm^. Sidney. 
 
 Ge'neralty. n. s. [from general.] The 
 whole; the totality. 
 
 Tlie municipal laws (>f this kingdom are of a 
 vast extent, and include in tlic-ir generally all 
 those several laws which are allowed as the rule 
 of justice and judicial proceedings. Hale. 
 
 Ge'nerant. n. s. [generans, Lat.] The 
 begetting or productive power. 
 
 Some believe the s 'id made by God, some by 
 angeU, and some by t^e gene rani ; whether it be 
 immediately created or traduced hath been the 
 great ball of cn'enti.in. Glanvilte's Scepsis. 
 
 In such pretended Lf nera'.ions the generant or 
 active principle is supposed tn be the sun, which, 
 being an inanimate body, cannot act otherwise 
 than by his heat. Ray. 
 
 To GE'NER.\TE. v. a. [genera, Lat.] 
 
 1 . To beget ; to propagate. 
 
 Those creatures which being wild generate sel- 
 dom, being tarae,^e?ierate often. Bacon. 
 
 2. To produce to life ; to procreate. 
 
 God created the great whales, and each 
 Soul living, each that crept, which plenteouslv 
 Tlie v,-ateTs generated by their kinds. Milton. 
 
 Or find some other way to generate 
 Mankind. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. To cause; to produce. 
 
 Sounds are generated where there is no air at all. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Whatever generates a Quantity of good chyle, 
 
 must likewise genei'ate mJIk. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Genera'tion. n, s. [frova genei'ate ; gc- 
 neratio7i, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of begetting or producing. 
 
 Seals make excellent impressions ; and so it 
 may be thought of sounds in their first generation: 
 hut then the dilatatinn of them, without any new 
 sealing, shews they cannot he impressions. Bacon. 
 
 He longer will delay, to hear thee tell 
 His generation, and the rising birth 
 Of nature, from the unapparent deep. Milton. 
 
 If we deduce the several races of mankind in 
 the several parts of the world from generation, 
 we must imagine the first numbers of them, wlui 
 .n any place agree upon any civil constitutiuns, 
 to assemble as so many heads of families whom 
 they represent. Temple. 
 
 2. A family ; a race. 
 
 G E K 
 
 Y' arc a dog. 
 
 Thy mother's of my generation : what's ihe, 
 
 if I be a dog? Shakesp. 7im<m. 
 
 3. Progeny ; offspring. 
 
 The barbVous Scythian, 
 Or he that makes h'li generation messes. 
 To gorge hi? appetite, shall to my bosom 
 Be us well neighbour'd. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 4. A single succession ; one gradation in 
 
 the scale of genealogical descent. 
 
 This |;^enera(ion shall not pass 'till all these thing* 
 be fulfilled Mattheyr, 
 
 In the fourth generation they shall come hither 
 again. Genesis, 
 
 A marvellous number were excited to the con- 
 quest of Palestine, which with singular virtue they 
 performed, and held that kingdom some ievr gent' 
 rations. Raleigh's Eoayi. 
 
 5. An age. 
 
 By some of the ancients a. generation was fixed 
 at an hundred years; by others at an hundred 
 and ten ; by others at thirty-three, thirty, twenty- 
 five, and twenty : but it is remarked, that the con- 
 tinuance (}( generations is so much longer it they 
 come nearer to the more ancient times. Calmet. 
 
 Every where throughout all generations and ages 
 of the Christian world, no church ever perceived 
 the word of God to be against it. Hooker. 
 
 Ge'nerative. adj. [generatif, Fr, from 
 
 genera^ Lat,] 
 1 . 1 laving the power of propagation. 
 
 He gave to all, that have life.a power generative ^ 
 thereby to continue their species and kinds. 
 
 Raleigh's Hist. 
 
 In grains and kernels the greatest part is but 
 the nutrimeiit of that generafire particle, so dis- 
 proporti"nab/e unto it. Brotcn. 
 
 C Proiifick ; having the power of pro- 
 duction ; fruitful. 
 
 If the. e hath been such a gradual diminution of 
 the generative faculty upon the earth, why was 
 there not the like decay iu the production of ve- 
 getables ? Bentley. 
 
 Geneka'tor.w.s. [from£re/iero,Lat.] The 
 power which begets causes, or produces. 
 
 Imagination assimilates the idea of the genera- 
 tor into the reality in the thing engendered. Brmi^n. 
 
 GENE'RICAL, \adj. [generique, Fr. 
 
 GENERICK. / from^^enw^, Latin.] 
 That comprehends the genus, or dis- 
 tinguishes from another genus, but does 
 not distinguish the species. 
 
 The word consumption being applicable to a 
 pro[ier, and improper to a true and bastard con- 
 sumption, requires a generical description qua- 
 drate to both. Harvexj on C^msuntptions. 
 Though wine differs from other liquids, in that 
 it is tlie juice of a certain fruit ; yet this is but a 
 general or generick dilT'ereiice ; for it does nnt dis- 
 tinguish wine from cyder or perry ; the specifick 
 difference of whie, tlierefore, is its pressure from 
 the grape. \Vatts's Logick. 
 
 Gen e'ric ALLY. adv. [from generick.] 
 With regard to the genus, though not 
 the species. 
 
 These have all the essential characters of sea- 
 shells, and shew that they are of the very same 
 specifick gravity with those to which they are so 
 gaierically allied. W ix^wurd. 
 
 Generosity. n,s. [generosiltj French; 
 S^enerositaSt Lat.] The quality of being 
 generous ; magnanimity ; liberality. 
 
 Can he be better principled in the grounds of 
 
 true virtue and generosity tlian his young tutor is.-" 
 
 Locke on Ed\u:ation. 
 
 It would not have been yri^ii generosity t lo have 
 passed by such a fault as this. Locke, 
 
 GENEROUS, adj. [generosus, Latin; 
 
 gencreuXy Fr.] 
 
 1, Not of mean birth ; of good extraction. 
 
 2, Noble of mind; magnanimous; open 
 of heart. 
 
 71^9
 
 GEN 
 
 A generous virtue of a vigorous kind. 
 Pure in the last recesses of the mind. Dryden, 
 
 Thatgenrous boldness to defend 
 An innocent or absent friend. Swift. 
 
 The ^enrous crilick fann'd the poet's fire, 
 And taught the world with reason to admire. Pope. 
 SuchwasRoscommon.not more learn'd tlian ^riiod, 
 V/iilj manners ^fnei'ojis as his nuble blood. Vope. 
 
 The geiironsg<ii6, who wit and gold refines, 
 And ripens spirits as he ripens mines. Pope. 
 
 His^enVoifS spouse, Theano, heav'niy fair. 
 Nurs'dtheyoung strangerwitha mother's care.Pi'pe. 
 
 Pray for otheis in such forms, with such lengtl), 
 importunity, and earnestness, asyou use foryour- 
 self ; and yuu will find all little ill-natured passions 
 die away, your heart grow great and generous, de- 
 lighting in the common happiness of others, as you 
 used only to delight in your own. Law. 
 
 3. It is used of animals. Spritely ; dar- 
 ing ; courageous. 
 
 So the imperial eagle does not stay 
 Till the whole carcase he devour, 
 As if his genrous hunger understood 
 '^I'hat he can never want plenty of food, 
 He only sucks the tasteful blood. Cowley, 
 
 Acta3on spies 
 His op'ning hounds, and now he hears tlieir cries ; 
 A gen'roiis pack. Addison. 
 
 4. Liberal ; munificent. 
 
 When from his vest the voung companion bore 
 The cup the genrous landlord own'd before. 
 And paid profusely with the precious bowl 
 The stinted kindness of this churlish soul. Parnel. 
 
 Fast by the margin of her native floctd, 
 Whose wealthy waters are well known to fame, 
 
 Fair as the bordering flowers the princess stoo'i, 
 And rich in bounty as the genrous stream. Heigh. 
 
 5. Strong; vigorous. 
 
 Having in a digestive furnace drawn off the 
 ardent sfiiiit from some good sack, tlie phlegm, 
 even in this generous wine, was copious. Boyle. 
 
 Those who in southern climes complain, 
 From Phcebus' rays they suffer pain, 
 Must own that pain is well repaid, 
 ^y genrous wines beneath a snade. Sivijt. 
 
 Ge'nerously. adv, [from gcrierous.] 
 
 1. Not meanly with regard to birth. 
 
 2. Magnanimously ; nobly. 
 
 When all the gods our ruin have foretold, 
 Vet generously he does Ids arms withhold. Dn/(/eK. 
 
 3. Liberally ; munificently. 
 Ge'nerousness. 71. s. [from generous.'] 
 
 The quality of being generous. 
 
 Is it possible to conceive that the overflowing 
 
 generousncss of tlie divine nature would create 
 
 immortal beings with mean or envious principles? 
 
 Collier on Kindness. 
 
 GE'NESIS. n. s. [yevetn^ ; genese, Fr.] Qe- 
 neration ; the first book of i\/oie5, "which 
 treats of the production of the world. 
 GENET. «. s. [Fr. The word origi- 
 nally signified a horseman, and perhaps 
 a gentleman or knight.] A small-sized 
 well-proportioned Spanish horse. 
 
 You'll have your nephews neigh to you ; 3'ou'll 
 have coursers tor cousins, and genets for germanes. 
 Shakesp. Othello. 
 It is no more likely that frogs should be engen- 
 dered in the clouds, than Spanish genets be begot- 
 ten by the wind. Koy. 
 He shews his statue too, wliere plac'd on high. 
 The genet underneath him seems to fly. Dryden. 
 
 Genethli'acal. adj. [yiViG^^aKo^] Per- 
 taining to nativities as calculated by 
 astrologers ; shewing the configurations 
 of the stars at any birth. 
 
 The night immediately before he was slighting 
 the art of those foolish astrologers, and genethlia- 
 cal ephemerists, that use to pry into the horoscope 
 of nativities. Howtl's Vocal Forest. 
 
 GeNETHLI'ACKS. ?i. S. [from yae^A*;.] 
 The science of calculating nativities or 
 predicting the future events of life from 
 the stars predominant at the birth. 
 
 Genethlia'tick. n. s. [ytv£^}^v}.] He 
 who calculates nativities. 
 
 GEN 
 
 The trutTi of astrological predictions is not to be 
 referred tolhecnnstellations; ihe genethlUuicks con- 
 jectue by the disposition, temper, and com- 
 plexion of the person. Dntmmnnd, 
 
 GeNe'va. n. s. [A corruption o( genevre, 
 French; a jimiper-berry.] A kind of 
 spirit distilled from the juniper-berry : 
 what is commonly sold is made with no 
 better an ingredient than oil of turpen- 
 tine, put into the still, with a little com- 
 mon salt and the coarsest spirit. Hill. 
 
 GE'NIAL. adj. [getiialis, Lat.] 
 
 1. That contributes to propagation. 
 
 Higher of the geniul bed by far, 
 And with mysterious reverence I deem. Milton. 
 
 Creator Venus, genial pow'r of love. 
 The bliss of men below and gods above ! Dryden. 
 
 2. That gives cheerfulness,or supports life. 
 
 Nor will the iiglit of life continue long. 
 But yields to double darkness nigh at hand ; 
 So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton. 
 
 3. Natural ; native. 
 It chiefly proceedeth from natural incapacity, 
 
 and genial indisposition. Browns Vtdg. Errs. 
 
 Ge'nially. adv. [from genial.] 
 
 1 . By genius ; naturally. 
 
 Some men are genially disposed to some opi- 
 nions, and n.Ttiirally averse to others. Glanv. 
 
 2. Gayly ; cheerfully. 
 GE'!sl'C\]Lt\TED.adJ.[geniculatns,Lat.] 
 
 Knotted ; jointed. 
 
 A piece of some genicidated plant seeming to be 
 part of a sugar-cane. XVoodward on Fossils. 
 
 Genicula'tion. U.S. [geuicutatio, Lat.] 
 Knottiness; the quality in plants of 
 having knots or joints. 
 
 Ge'nio, n.s. [geiiio, Ital. genius, Lat.] A 
 inan of a particular turn of mind. 
 
 Some gejiios are not capable of pure atfcction ; 
 
 and a man is born with talents for it as much as 
 
 for poetry, or any other science. Tatlcr. 
 
 Ge'NITALS. n. s. [genitalis, Lat.] Parts 
 
 belonging to generation. 
 
 Ham is conceived to be Jupiter, wlio was the 
 youngest son, who is said to have cut off the ge- 
 nitals of his father. Broicn. 
 
 Ge'niting. n.s. [A corruption of Ja?if- 
 ton, Fr. signifying,/(/nc or ,/««f^ having 
 been so called in honour of some lady of 
 that name ; and the Scottish dialect calls 
 them Janet apples, which is the same 
 with Janeton ; otherwise supposed to 
 be corrupted from Janeting.] An early 
 apple gathered in June. 
 
 In July come early pears and plumbs in fruit, 
 genitings and codlins. Bacon. 
 
 Ge'nitive. adj. [genitivus, Latin.] In 
 grammar, the name of a case, which, 
 among other relations, signifies one be- 
 gotten, as, the father of a son ; or one 
 begetting, as, son of a father. 
 
 GE'NIUSr n. s. [Latin ; genie, Fr.] 
 
 1, The protecting or ruling power of 
 men, places, or things. 
 
 There is none but he 
 Whose being I do fear: and, under him. 
 My genius is rebuk'd ; as it is said 
 Antony's was by Caisar. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 'yhe genius and the mortal instruments 
 Are then in council ; and the state of man. 
 Like to a little kingdom, sutTers then. Shakesp. 
 
 And as I awake, sweet musick breathe. 
 Sent by some spirit to mortals good. 
 Or th' unseen "-enius of the wood. Mitton. 
 
 And the tame demon that should guard my throne 
 Shrinks at a genius greater than his own. Dryden. 
 
 To your glad genius sacrifice this day ; 
 Let common meats respectfully give way. Dryd. 
 
 2. A man endowed with superior faculties. 
 
 There is no little writer of Pindarick who is not 
 raenlioned as a prodigious genius. Addison. 
 
 GEN. 
 
 3. Mental power or faculties. 
 
 The state and order does proclaim 
 The genius of that royal dame. Waller. 
 
 4. Disposition of nature by which any one 
 is qualified for some peculiar employ- 
 ment. 
 
 A happy genius is the gift of nature. Dryden. 
 
 Your majesty's sagacity, and happy genius for 
 natural history, is a better preparation for en- 
 quiries of this kind than all the dead learning of 
 the schools. Bnrnet's Theory, Preface. 
 
 Oof science only will one genius fit ; 
 So vast is art, so narrow liuraan wit. Pope. 
 
 The Romans, though they had no great genius for 
 trade, yet were not entirely neglectful of it.Arbuth. 
 
 5. Nature ; disposition. 
 
 Studious to please the genius of the times, 
 \'\ ith periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his 
 crimes. Dryden. 
 
 Another ^eniHS and disposition improper for phi- 
 losophical contemplation, is not so much from the 
 narrowness of their understanding, as because they 
 will not take time to extend them. Burnet. 
 
 lie tames the ^e?iius of the stubborn plahi. Pope. 
 
 Gent. adj. [gent, old Fr.] Elegant ; soft; 
 gentle ; polite. Disused. 
 
 Vespasian, with great spoil and rage, 
 Forewasted all : 'till Genuissa gent 
 Persuaded him to cease. Fary Queen. 
 
 She that was noble, wise, as fair and gent, 
 Cast how she might their harmless lives preserve. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 GENTEEL, adj. [gentil, Fr.] 
 
 1. Polite ; elegant in behaviour ; civil. 
 
 He had agenteeler manner (pf binding the chains 
 of this kingdom than most of his predecessors. 
 
 Swift to Gay, 
 
 Their poets have no notion of genteel comedy, 
 
 and fall into the most filthy double meanings when 
 
 they have a mind to make their audience merry. 
 
 Addison on Italy, 
 
 2. Graceful in mien. 
 So spruce that he can never be genteel, Tatltr, 
 
 3. Elegantly dressed. 
 Several ladies that have twice her fortune, are 
 
 not able to be always ^o genteel, and so constant 
 at all places of pleasure and expence. Law* 
 
 Genteely. adv. [from genteel.] 
 
 1. Elegantly ; politely. 
 
 Those that would be genteelly learned, need not 
 purchase it at tlie dear rate of being atheists. G/an. 
 
 After a long fatigue of eating and drinking, 
 and babbling, he concludes the great work of 
 d'm'm^ genteelly. South. 
 
 2. Gracefully; handsomely. 
 Gente'elness. 71. s. [{rom genteel.] 
 
 1. Elegance; gracefulness; politeness. 
 He had a genius full of genteelness and spirit, 
 
 having nothing that was ungraceful in his pos- 
 tures and dresses. Dryden s Dufresnoy. 
 Parmegiano has dignified the genteelness of mo- 
 dern efTerainancy, by uniting it with the simpli- 
 city of the ancients, and the grandeur and seve- 
 rity of Michael Angelo. Reynolds. 
 
 2. Qualities befitting a man of rank. 
 Ge'ntian. n. s. [ge7itiane, Fr. gentiana, 
 
 Lat.] Felwort or baldmony. 
 
 The root ot gentian is large and long, of a toler- 
 able firm texture, and remarkably tough ; it has 
 afaintish and disagreeable smell, and an extreme- 
 ly bitter taste. Hill's Mat. Med. 
 
 If it be fistulous, and the orifice small, dilate it 
 with gentian roots. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Gentiane'lla. n.s. A kind of blue colour. 
 GE'NTILE. n. s. [gentilis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . One of an uncovenanted nation ; one 
 who knows not the true God. 
 
 Tribulation and anguish upon every soul that 
 doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the^entile. 
 
 Bomans. 
 
 Genfiifs or infidels, in those actions, upon both 
 the spiritual and temporal good, have been in one 
 pursuit conjoined. Bacon. 
 
 2. A person of rank. Obsolete. 
 
 Fine Basil desireth it may be her lot 
 To grow, as a gilliflower, trim in her pot ; 
 
 <iOO
 
 GEN 
 
 Tliat ladies and gentiles, for wliom we do servo, 
 May help him as needcili, puur life to preserve. 
 
 Tiisser. 
 
 GENTILESSE. n.s. [Ft.] Complai- 
 sance ; civility. Not used. 
 
 She with licr wtdding-cluallis undresses 
 Her complaisance and gentilesses. Hudibras. 
 
 Ge'ntilism. n. s. \gcntUismc, Fr. from 
 gentile.] Heathenism; paganism. 
 
 If invocation of saints had been produced in the 
 
 apostolical times, it would have looked like the 
 
 introducing of gcn(i/iim again. SliUingfleel. 
 
 Gentili'tious. adj. [gentilitius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Kndemial ; peculiar to a nation. 
 
 That an unsavory odour is gen(i/t(i(i»s, or nation- 
 al unto tlie Jews, reason or sense will not induce. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 2. Hereditary ; entailed on a family. 
 The common cause of this distemper is a par- 
 ticular and perhaps a gcntUitwiis disi)osition of 
 body. ArbiUhnot. 
 
 Genti'lity. n. s. [geniilite, Fr. from 
 gentil, Fr. gtntilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. 
 
 2. Elegance of behaviour ; gracefulness of 
 mien ; nicety of taste. 
 
 3. Gentry ; the class of persons well born. 
 Gavelkind must needs, in the end, make a poor 
 
 gentility. Davies on Ireland. 
 
 4. Paganism ; heathenism. 
 
 When people began to espy the falshood of 
 oracles, whereupon all gentility was built, their 
 hearts were utterly averted from it. Hooker. 
 
 GETSTLE. adj. [gentills, Lat.] 
 
 1. Well born; well descended; ancient, 
 though not noble. 
 
 They entering and killing all of the gentle and 
 rich faction, for honesty sake broke open all 
 prisons. Sidney. 
 
 These are the studies wherein our noble and 
 gentle youth ought to bestow their t'unt^. Mdt.onEd. 
 
 Of gentle blood, part shed in honour's cause. 
 Each parent sprung. Pope. 
 
 2. Soft ; bland ; mild ; tame ; meek ; 
 peaceable. 
 
 I am one of those gentle ones that will use the 
 devil himself with curtesy. .S7m^esp. TtielJ'th Kight. 
 
 Her voice was ever soft. 
 Gentle and low ; an excellent thing in woman. S/ia. 
 
 As gentle, and as jocund, as to jest, 
 Go I to fight. Shakesp. Richard II. 
 
 A virtuous and a good man, reverend in con- 
 versation, and gentle in condition. ^2 Mac. xv. 12. 
 
 'Xhe gentlest heart on earth is prov'd unkind. 
 
 Faiifax. 
 
 Your change was wise ; forbad she been deny'd, 
 A swift reve!ige had follow'd from her pride ; 
 Vou from my gentle nature had no fears ; 
 All my revenge is only in my iean.Drii.lnd.Emp. 
 
 He nad sutdi a gentle method of reproving their 
 faults, that they were not so much afraid as 
 ashamed to repeat them. Atterb. 
 
 "i. Soothing; pacifick. 
 
 And though this sense first gentle musick found, 
 Her proper object is the speech of men. Davies. 
 
 Gentle, n. s. 
 
 1. A gentleman; a man of birth. Now 
 out of use, 
 
 Gentte, do not reprehend ; 
 If you pardon, we will mend. Shakesp. 
 
 Where is my lovely bride ? 
 How does ray father .' Gentles, raethinks you frown. 
 
 Shukcsp. 
 
 2. A particular kind of worm. 
 
 He will in the three hot months bite at a flag- 
 worm, or at a green gentle. Wutlon's Angler. 
 
 To Ge'ntle. v. a. 'I'omake gentle; to 
 raise from the vulgar. Obsolete. 
 He to-day that sheds his blood with me, 
 Shall be my brother : be he never so vile, 
 This day shall gentle his condition. Shakesp, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 G EN 
 
 Ge'ntlefolk. n.s. [gentle and folk.] 
 Persons distinguished by their birtli 
 from the vulgar. 
 
 The queen's kindred are made gentlefolk. Shak. 
 Gentlefolks will not care for the remainder of a 
 bottle of wine ; therefore set a fresh one before 
 them. ^i^ifl- 
 
 GE'NTLEMAN. n. s. [gentilhomme, 
 Fr. gentilhuomo, Ital. that is, homo gtn- 
 tilis, a man of ancestry. All other de- 
 rivations seem to be whimsical.] 
 1. A man of birth; a man of extraction, 
 though not noble. 
 
 A civil war was witliin the bowels of that state, 
 between the gentleman and the peasants. Sidney. 
 
 I freely told you all the wealth I had 
 Ran in my veins ; I was a gentleman. Shakesp. 
 
 He hither came a private gentleman. 
 But young and brave, and of a family 
 Ancient and noble. Otuay's Orplian. 
 
 You say a Ion" descended race 
 Makes gentlemen, and that your liigli degree 
 Ismuchdisparag'd to be match'd with me.ZJri/rfeii. 
 2 • A man raised above the vulgar by his 
 character or post. 
 
 Inquire me out some mean-born gentleman. 
 Whom I will marry strait to Clarence' daughter. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 He is so far from desiring to be used as a gen- 
 tleman, that he desires to be used as the servant 
 of all. Laic. 
 
 3. A term of complaisance ; sometimes 
 ironical. 
 
 The same gentlemen who have fixed this piece of 
 morality on the three naked sisters dancing hand 
 in hand, would have found out as good a one had 
 there been four of them sitting at a distance, and 
 covered from head to foot. Addison 
 
 4. The servant that waits about the per- 
 son of a man of rank. 
 
 Sir Thomas More, the Sunday after he pave up 
 his chancellorship, came to his wife's pew, and 
 used the usual words of his gentleman ustier. Ma- 
 dam, my lord is gone. Camden. 
 
 Let be call'd before us 
 That gent/enion of Buckingham's in person. Shak. 
 
 5. It is used of any man however high. 
 The earl of Hereford was reputed then 
 
 In England the most valiant gentleman. Shakesp. 
 The king is a noble gentleman, and my familiar. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Gentlemanli'ke. 7 adj. [gentleman 
 Gentlemanly. J ^^^ like.] Be- 
 coming a man of birth. 
 
 He holdeth himself a gentleman, and scorneth 
 to work, which, hesaith, is the life of a peasant or 
 churl ; but enureth himself to his weapon, and to 
 the gentlemanltj trade of stealing. Spenser. 
 
 Pyramus is a sweet-faced man ; a proper man 
 as one shall sec in a Summer's day j a most lovely 
 gentiemanlikt man. Shakesp. 
 
 You have train'd me up like a peasant, hiding 
 from me all gentlemanlike qualities. Shakesp. 
 
 Two clergymen stood candidates for a free- 
 school, where a gentleman procured the place for 
 the belter scholar and more gentlemanly person of 
 the two. Swifh 
 
 Gentleness, n. s. [from gentle.] 
 
 1. Dignity of birth ; goodness of extraction. 
 
 2. Softness of manners; sweetness of dis- 
 position ; meekness ; tenderness. 
 
 My lord Sebastian, 
 The truth, you speak, doth lack some gentleness. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Your brave and haughty scorn of all. 
 Was stately and monarchial ; 
 All gentleness with that esteem'd, 
 A dull and slavish virtue seem'd. Cotehy. 
 
 Siill she retains 
 Her maiden gentleness, and oft at eve 
 Visits the herds. Milton. 
 
 The perpetual gentleness and inherent goodness 
 of the Orraond family. Drydens Fables, Vedic. 
 
 he person 
 
 GEN 
 
 Changes arc brought about silently and iiisensi- 
 
 biy, with ail imaginable benignity and gentlenfi. 
 
 Woodiaird't Xaturat HiUoni. 
 
 Masters must correct their servants witligfnt'e- 
 
 ticsf, prudence, and mercy. Rogers. 
 
 Women ought not to" think gentUnets of heart 
 
 despicable in a man. Ctariisa. 
 
 3. Kindness; benevolence. Obsolete. 
 
 The gentleness of all the gods go with Ihie. Sh. 
 Ge'ntleship. n. s. [from gentle.] Car- 
 riage of a gentleman. Obsolete. 
 
 Some in France, wliich will needs be gentle- 
 men, have moic gaitleship in their hat than in their 
 head. ./Isc/uim's Ac /loo/majtfr. 
 
 (JEN TLEWO.MAN. U.S. [geiUle and wo- 
 man. See Gentleman. 
 
 1 . A woman of birth above the vulgar ; a 
 woman well descended. 
 
 The gentlewomen of Rome did not suffer their in- 
 fants to be so long swathed as poorer people. Ah. 
 
 Doth this sir Prothcus 
 Often resort unto this gentleicoman ? Shakesp. 
 
 Gentteicomen may do tliemselves much good by 
 kneeling upon a cushion, and weeding. Bacon. 
 
 2. A woman who waits about thi 
 of one of high rank. 
 
 The latequecirsgfii(/eueman,a knight'sdaughtcr. 
 To be her mistress' mistress '. Shak. Henry VHI. 
 
 Her gentlewomen, like the nereids. 
 So many mermaids, tended her i' th* ejres. 
 And made thiir bentis adorings. Sltakesp. 
 
 3. A word of civility or irony. 
 
 Now, gentleuvman, you are confessing your 
 enormities ; I know it by that hypocritical down- 
 cast look. Drydin. 
 
 Gently, adv. [from gentle.] 
 
 1 . Softly ; meekly ; tenderly ; inoffen- 
 sively ; kindly. 
 
 i\Iy mistress rai(/v chides the fault I made.Dry. 
 
 Tlie mischiefs that come by inadvertency, or 
 ignorance, are but very gently to be taken notice 
 of. Locke. 
 
 2. Softly ; witliout violence. 
 
 Fortune's blows. 
 When mostslruckliome,beinggfnl/t;warded,crai e J 
 A noble cunning. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 A sort of great bat, as men lay asleep with their 
 legs naked, will suck their blood at a wound so 
 gentlij made as not to awake them. Greio's Mus. 
 
 Gen'try. n.s. [gentler]/, gentrif, from 
 gentle.] 
 
 1. Birth; condition; rank derived from 
 inheritance. 
 
 You are certainly a gentleman. 
 Clerk-like experienc'd, which no less adorns 
 Out gentrij than our parent's noble name. 
 In whose success we are gentle. Shak. II t»if. Tale. 
 
 2. Classof people above the vulgar ; those 
 between the vulgar and the nobility- 
 
 They slaughtered many of the gentry, for whom 
 no sex' or age could be accepted for excuse. Aidiiev. 
 
 I-«t slates, tliat aim at greatness, lake heed how 
 their nobility and ^fiifri; multiply too fast.Baceii. 
 
 How cheerfully the hawkers cry 
 A satyr, and the" gentry buy. _ _ Smfl. 
 
 3. A term of civility real or ironical. 
 The maiiy-colour'd gentry there above, ■ 
 
 By turns arc rul'd by tuinidt and by love. Prior. 
 
 4. Civility ; complaisance. Obsolete. 
 Shew us so much gentry and good-will, 
 
 As to extend your time with us a-nliile. Shakesp. 
 
 Genufle'ction. n. *. [geniijle.tiiin, Fr. 
 genu and Jlecto, Lat.] The act of bend- 
 ing the knee ; adoration expressed by 
 bending the knee. 
 
 Here use all the rites of adoration, geuufiexions, 
 wax-candles, incense, oblations, prayers only ex- 
 cepted. Stiltiiigjieet. 
 
 GE'NUINE. adj. [genutnus, Lat.] Not 
 spurious ; not comiterfeit ; real ; natu- 
 ral ; true. 
 5 K 801
 
 GEO 
 
 Experiments were at one time tried with genu- 
 ine materials, and at another time with sophisti- 
 cated ones. Boylt'. 
 
 The belief and remembrance, and love and fear 
 of God, have so great influence to make men 
 religious, that where any of these is, the rest, to- 
 gether with the true and genuine etiects of them, 
 are supposed to be. Tilhtpyn. 
 
 A sudden darkness covers all ; 
 True genuine night ; night added to the groves. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 Ge'nuinely. adv. [from genuine.] 
 Without adulteration ; without foreign 
 admixtures ; naturally. 
 
 There is aiiotheragentable to analize compound 
 bodies less violently', more genuinely, ana more 
 nniversally than the fire. Boyle. 
 
 Genuineness, n. s. [(rom. genuine.] 
 Freedom from any thing counterfeit ; 
 freedom from adulteration ; purity ; 
 natural state. 
 
 It is not essential to the genuineness of colours 
 to be durable. Boyle. 
 
 GE'NUS. n. s. [Lat.] In science, a class 
 of being, comprehending under it many 
 species : as quadruped is a genus com- 
 prehending under it almost all terrestrial 
 beasts. 
 
 A general idea is called by the schoolsgeniis, and 
 it is one common nature agreeing to several other 
 common natures : so animal is a genus, because it 
 agrees to horse, lion, whale, and butterfly. Watts. 
 If minerals are not convertible into another spe- 
 cies, though of the s'dme genu.St much less can they 
 be surmised reducible into a species of another 
 genus. Havvexf on Consumpt'wns. 
 
 GeOCE'NTRICK. adj. [y? and xin^cn ; 
 geocentrigue, Fr.] Applied to a planet 
 or orb having the earth for its centre, or 
 the same centre with the earth. Harris. 
 
 GE'ODjESIA. U.S. [yiuSaiaia; geode- 
 sie, Fr.] That part of geometry which 
 contains the doctrine or art of measur- 
 ing surfaces, and finding the contents of 
 all plain figures. Harris. 
 
 Geod.e'tical. adj. [from geodasia.] 
 Relating to the art of measuring sur- 
 faces ; comprehending or shewing the 
 art of measuring land. 
 
 GEOGRAPHER . n. s. [yS and y^ip^ ; 
 geograp/ie, Fr.] One who describes 
 the earth according to the position of its 
 different parts. 
 
 A greater part of the earth hatlx ever been peo- 
 pled than hath been known or described by 
 geographers. Brown . 
 
 The bay of Naples is called the Crater by the 
 old geographers. Addison. 
 
 From sea to sea, from realm to realm I rove. 
 And grow a meer geographer by love. Ticket. 
 
 Geogra'phical. adj. [geographique, 
 Fr. from geography.] Relating to geo- 
 graphy ; belonging to geography. 
 
 Geogra'phically. adv. [from geogra- 
 phical.] Ill a geographical manner ; 
 according to the rules of geography. 
 
 Minerva lets Ulysses into the knowledge of his 
 country ; she geographically describes it to him. 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 Geo'graphy. n.s. [y? and yf a<p« ; gco- 
 graphie, Fr.] Geography, in a strict 
 sense, signifies the knowledge of the 
 circles of the earthly globe, and the situ- 
 ation of the various parts of the earth. 
 When it is taken in a little larger sense, 
 it includes the knowledge of the seas 
 
 GEO 
 
 also ; and in the largest sense of all, it 
 extends to the various customs, habits, 
 and governments of nations. Watts. 
 
 Olympus is extolled by the Greeks as attaining 
 
 unto heaven ; but geography makes slight account 
 
 hereof, when they discourse of Andes or TeneriB'. 
 
 Browns Vidgar Errours. 
 
 According to ancient fables the Argonauts sailed 
 up the Danube, and from thence passed into the 
 Adriatick,carryingtheir5hips upontheir shoulders 
 a mark of great ignorance in geography. Arbuthnot 
 
 Geo'logy. n. s. [yS and ^oy®'.] The 
 doctrine of the earth ; the knowledge of 
 the state and nature of the earth. 
 
 Ge'omancer. n. s. [y? and fti»»Ti;.] A 
 fortimeteller ; acaster of figures ; a cheat 
 who pretends to foretel futurity by other 
 means than the astrologer. 
 
 Fortunetellers, jugglers, geomancers, and the in- 
 cantatory impostors, though commonly men of 
 inferior rank, daily delude the vulgar. Brown. 
 GE'OMANCY. n. s. [y? and fi,anl» ; geo- 
 mance, Fr.] The act of casting figures ; 
 the act of foretelling by figures what 
 shall happen. 
 
 According to some there are four kindi of divi- 
 nation ; hydromancy, pyromancy, aeromancy, 
 and geomancy. Ayliffe. 
 
 Geoma'ntick. adj. [from geomancy.] 
 
 Pertaining to the act of casting figures. 
 
 Two geomuntick figures were display'd ^ 
 
 Above his head, a warrior and a maia ; v 
 
 Onewhen direct, and one when retrograde. Dry. > 
 
 Geo'meter. n.s. [yfK/.iiTp»{ ; geometre, 
 Fr.] One skilled in geometry ; a geo- 
 metrician. 
 He became one of the chiei geometers of his age. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Geo'metral. adj. [geometral, Fr. from 
 ^eomeifj/.] Pertaining to geometry. Z))c/. 
 
 Geome'trical. ) arf/. [yiu/Ailoixc? : geo- 
 
 Geome'trick. j metrique, Fr. from 
 geometry.] 
 
 1. Pertaining to geometry. 
 
 A geometrical scheme is let in by the eyes, but 
 the demonstration is discerned by reason. More. 
 
 This mathematical discipline, by tlie help of 
 geometrical principles, doth teach to contrive se- 
 veral powers, Wilkins. 
 
 2. Prescribed or laid down by geometry. 
 
 Must men take the measure of God just by the 
 same geometrical proportions that he did, that ea- 
 ther'd the height and bigness of Hercules by his 
 foot ? Stillingfieet. 
 
 Does not this wise philosopher assert, 
 That the vast orb, which casts so fair his beams. 
 Is such, or not much bigger than he seems ? 
 That the dimensions of liis glorious face 
 Two geometrick feet do scarce surpass 'iBlackmore. 
 
 3. Disposed according to geometry. 
 Geometrick jasper seemeth of alfinity with the 
 
 lapis sanguinalis described by Boetius ; but it is 
 certainly one sort of lapis cruciformis. Grew'sMus. 
 
 Geome'trically. adv. [from geome- 
 trical.] According to the laws of geo- 
 metry. 
 
 'Tis possible geometrically to contrive such an 
 artificial motion as shall be of greater swiftness than 
 the revolutions of the heavens. Wilkins Math. 
 
 All the bones, muscles, and vessels of the body 
 are contrived most geometrically, according to the 
 strictest rules of mechanicks. Ray. 
 
 Geometri'cian. n. s. [yivfitrfn^] One 
 skilled in geometry ; a geometer. 
 
 Although there be a certain truth, geometricians 
 would not receive satisfaction without demonstra- 
 tion thereof. Bromi. 
 
 How easily does an expert geometrician, with 
 one glance of his eye, take in a complicated dia- 
 gram, made up of many lines and circles ! Watts. 
 
 G E R 
 
 To Geo'metrize. v. a. [y«»r/ii1fiV] To 
 act according to the laws of geometry. 
 
 We obtained good store of crystals, whoM 
 figures were dilTering enough, though prettily 
 shaped, as if nature had at once affected variety 
 in llieir figuration, and yet confined herself to geo- 
 metrize. Boyle. 
 
 GEOMETRY, n. s. [yia^t/lpU : geome- 
 tric, Fr.] Originally signifies the art of 
 measuring the earth, or any distances 
 or dimensions on or within it : but it is 
 now used for the science of quantity, 
 extension, or magnitude abstractedly 
 considered.without any regard to matter. 
 
 Geometry IS usually divided into speculative and 
 practical ; the former of which contemplates and 
 treats of the properties of continued quantity ab- 
 stractedly ; and the latter applies these specula- 
 tions and theorems to use and practice. Harris. 
 
 In the muscles alone there seems to be more ^eo- 
 
 metry than in all the artificial engines in the world. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Him also for my censor I disdain. 
 Who thinks all science, as all virtue, vain ; 
 Who counts geometry and numbers toys. 
 And with his foot the sacred dust dcs"troys.X)n/<J. 
 Geopo'niCAL. adj. [yij and 5ri/»©- ; geo- 
 ponique, Fr.] Relating to agriculture ; 
 relating to the cultivation of the ground. 
 
 Such expressions are frequent in authors geopo- 
 nical, or such as have treated de re rustica. Brown. 
 
 Geopo'nicks. n.s. [y? and wot©-.] The 
 science of cultivating the ground ; the 
 doctrine of agriculture. 
 
 George, m. «. [Georgius, Lat,] 
 
 1. A figure of St. George on horseback 
 worn by the knights of the garter. 
 
 Look on my george, 1 am a gentleman ; 
 Rate me at what thou wilt. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 2. A brown loaf. Of this sense I know 
 not the original. 
 
 Cuhb'd in a cabin, on a mattrass laid. 
 On a hrovin george, with lowsy swobbers fed. Dry. 
 
 Geo'rgick. n. s. [ysufyixov ; georgiques, 
 Fr.] Some part of the science of hus- 
 bandry put into a pleasing dress, and 
 set off with all the beauties and embel- 
 lishments of poetry. Addison. 
 
 Geo'rgick. adj. Relating to the doc- 
 trine of agriculture. 
 
 Here I peruse the Mantuan's geargick strains. 
 And learn the labours of Italian swains. Gay. 
 
 Geo'tick. adj. [from y?.] Belonging 
 to the earth ; terrestrial. Die 
 
 Ge'rent. adj. [gerens, Lat.] Carrying ; 
 bearing. Diet. 
 
 Ge'rfalcon. n.s. A bird of prey, in 
 size between a vulture and a hawk, and 
 ofthe greatest strength next to the eagle. 
 
 Bailey . 
 
 Ge'rman. n. s. [germain,Yr. germanus, 
 Lat.] Brother ; one approaching to a 
 brother in proximity of blood : thus the 
 children of brothers or sisters are called 
 cousins german, the only sense in which 
 the word is now used. 
 
 They knew it was their cousin german, the fa- 
 mous Amphialus. Sidney. 
 
 And to him said, go now, proud miscreant. 
 Thyself thy message do to german dear. Fairy Q. 
 
 Wert thou a bear, thou wouldst be kill'd by the 
 horse ; wert thou a horse, thou wouldst be seiz'd 
 by the leopard ; wert thou a leopard, thou wert 
 german to the lion, and the spots of thy kindred 
 were juries on thy life, Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 802
 
 G ES 
 
 You'll h«ve vour nephews neigh to you ; you'll 
 
 have coursers for cousins, and gencls for germans. 
 
 Slmktsp. Othelld. 
 
 Ge'rman. adj. [germanus, Lat.] Re- 
 lated. Obsolete. 
 
 Not he alone shall suffer what wit can make 
 heavy, and vengeance hitter ; but those that are 
 german to hini, Uiougti removed tlfty times, shall 
 come undi r the hangman. Shukesp. 
 
 Ge'r.mander. It. s. [ger mandrel-, Fr. 
 chatTKedrys, Lat.] A plant. Milltr. 
 
 Ge'rme. U.S. [germen, Lat.] A sprout 
 or shoot ; that part which grows and 
 spreads. 
 
 Wlietlicr it be not made out of the gcrme, or 
 treadle of the egg, doth seem of lesser doubt. Bro. 
 
 Ge'rmin. n. s. [germen, Lat.] A shoot- 
 ing or sprouting seed. Out of use. 
 
 ■Though palaces and pyramids do slope 
 Their heads to their foundations ; though the trea- 
 Of nature's gcrmitis tumble all together, [sure 
 Even 'till destruction sicken ; answer nie 
 To what I ask you. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 I'llou all-shaking thunder, 
 Strike flat the thick rotundity o' the world ; 
 Crack nature's mould, all gcrmiiis spill at once 
 That make ungrateful man. Shakc^p. King Lear. 
 
 To GERMINATE, v.n. fg-fr/«i?jo, Lat.] 
 To sprout ; to shoot ; to bud ; to put 
 forth. 
 
 This action is furthered by the chalcites, which 
 hath within a spirit that will put forth and germi' 
 nate, as we see in chymical trials. Bac, Nat. Hist. 
 
 The seeds of all kinds of vegetables being plant- 
 ed near the surface of the eal-th, in a convenient 
 soil, amongst matter proper for the formation of 
 vegetables, would germinate, grow up, and reple- 
 nish the face of the earth. Woodward. 
 
 Germina'tion. n. s. [germination, Fr. 
 from gfrmitiate.1 1"he act of sprouting 
 or shooting ; growth. 
 
 For acceleration of germination, we shall handle 
 the subject of plants generally. Bacon. 
 
 The duke of Buckmgham had another kind of 
 germination ; and surely, had he been a plant, he 
 would have been reckoned among the sponte na- 
 KCntes. Wotton. 
 
 Tbere is but little similitude Detween a terreous 
 humidity and plantal germinations. GlanviUe. 
 
 Suppose the earth should be carried to the great 
 distance of Saturn ; there the whole globe would 
 be one frigid zone j there would be no life, no 
 gei-mination. Bentleys Sermons. 
 
 Ge'rund. n.s. [gerundium, Lat.] In 
 the Latin grammar, a kind of verbal 
 noun, which governs cases like a verb. 
 
 Gest. n. s. [gestum, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A deed ; an action ; an achievement. 
 
 Who fair them quites, as him beseemed best. 
 And goodly can discourse with many a noble gest. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. Show ; representation, 
 
 Gests should be interlarded after the Persian 
 manner, by ages, young and old. 
 
 3. The roll or journal of the several days, 
 and stages prefixed, in the progresses of 
 our kings, many of them being still ex- 
 tant in the herald's office, [from giste 
 or gite, Fr.] Hanmer. 
 
 I'll give you my commission, 
 Ta let him there a month, behind the gest, 
 Prefix'd for's parting. Shakesp. Ulnter's Tale. 
 
 4. A stage ; so much of a journey as pas- 
 ses without interruption. In all senses 
 obsolete. 
 
 He distinctly sets down the ^es(s and progress 
 thereof. Brou-n. 
 
 Gestation, n. s. [gestaiio, Lat.] 'I'he 
 
 act of bearing the young in the womb. 
 
 Aristotle atfirmeth the birth of the infant, or 
 
 time of its gestation, extendeth sometimes unto the 
 
 G ET 
 
 eleventh month ; but Hippocrates avers tliat it 
 ejcecdeth not the tenth. Brown. 
 
 Why in viviparous animals, in the time of ges. 
 tation, should the nourishment be carried to tin; 
 embryo in the womb, which at other times goeth 
 not that way ? Jiay on the Crealioti. 
 
 To GESTICULATE, v.n. [geiliailor, 
 Lat. gesticukr, Fr.] To play antick 
 tricks ; to shew postures. Did. 
 
 Gesticula'tion. n. s. [gesticulalio, 
 Lat. gesticulation, Fr.from gesticutate.] 
 Antick tricks ; various postures. 
 
 Gesture, n.s. [gero, gestum, Lat. ges- 
 te, Fr.] 
 
 1. Action or posture expressive of sentiment 
 
 Ah, my sister, if you had heard his words, or 
 seen his "^esturfs, wfien he made me know what 
 and to whom his love was, you would have match- 
 ed in yourself those two rarely matched together, 
 pity and delight. Sidney. 
 
 When we make profession of our faith, we stand; 
 wheir we acknowledge our sins, or seek unto God 
 for favour, we fall down ; because the gesture of 
 constancy becometh us best in the one, in the 
 other the behaviour of humility. Hooker. 
 
 To the dumbness of the gesture 
 One miglit interpret. Shakesp. Timon of Athens. 
 
 Humble and reverend gesdirfs incur approaches 
 to God express the inward reverence of our souls. 
 
 Duty of Man. 
 
 2. Movement of the body. 
 
 Grace was in all her steps, heav'n in her eye. 
 In ev'ry gesture dignity and love ! Mitt. Par. Lost, 
 
 Every one will agree in this, that we ought ei- 
 ther to lay aside all kinds of gesture, or at least to 
 make use of such only as are graceful and expres- 
 sive. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 To Ge'sture. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 accompany with action or posture. 
 
 Our attire disgraceth it, it is not orderly read, 
 nor gestured as fieseeraeth. Hooker. 
 
 He undertook so to gesture and muffle up him- 
 self in his hood, as the duke's manner was, that 
 none should discern him. Wotton. 
 
 To G ET. V. a. pret. / got, antiently gat ; 
 part, pass.g-of, or gotten, [jetan.jertan. 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. To procure ; to obtain. 
 
 Thine be the cosset, well hast thou it got.Spens. 
 
 Of that which was our father's hathlie gotten 
 all this glory. Gen. xxxi. 1. 
 
 We gat our bread with the peril of our lives. 
 
 1 Sam. V. 9. 
 
 David gat him a name when he returned from 
 smiting ofthe Syrians. 2 Sam. viii. IS. 
 
 Most of these things might be more exactly 
 tried by the Torricellian experiments, if we could 
 get tubes so accurately blown that the cavity were 
 perfectly cylindrical. Boyle. 
 
 Such a conscience, as has not been wanting to 
 itself, in endeavouring to get the utmost and clear- 
 est information about the will of God, that its 
 flower, advantages, and opportunities could af- 
 brd it, is that great internal judge, whose abso- 
 lution is a rational and sure ground of confidence. 
 
 South. 
 
 He insensibly got a facility, without perceiving 
 how; and that is attributed wholly to nature, 
 which was nmch more the effect of use and prac- 
 tice. Locke. 
 
 The man who lives upon alms, gets him his set 
 of admirers, and delights in superiority. Addisim. 
 
 Sphinx was a monster that would eat 
 Whatever stranger she could get. 
 Unless his ready wit disclos'd 
 'fhe subtle riddle she propos'd. Addis. Whig. Ex. 
 
 This practice.is to be used at first, in order to 
 get a fixed habit of attention, and in some cases 
 only. Watts. 
 
 "The word ^e( is variously used : we say to gel 
 money, to get in, to get off, to gel ready, to get a 
 stomach, and to gtt a cold. 11 atts. 
 
 2. To force ; to seize. 
 
 Such losels and scatterlings caniiot easily, by 
 any constable, or other ordinary otlicer, be gotten, 
 wlicn they are challenged for any such (acX.Spens, 
 
 GET 
 
 1 he king seeing this, started from vhere he sal. 
 Out from his ireiiibliiig hand his weapon got. Dan. 
 
 All tilings, but one, you can restore ; 
 I'he heart vou get returns no more. Waller. 
 
 3. To win by contest. 
 
 Henry the sixth hath lost 
 All that whicli Henry the fifth had gotten. Slujk. 
 
 He gat his peoj-le great honour, and he made 
 battles, protecting the host with his sword. 
 
 1 Mac. iii. 3. 
 
 To get the day of them of his own nation, would 
 be a most unhappy day for him. Si Mac. v. 6. 
 
 .■iuria held that course to have drawn the giil- 
 lies within his great ships, who thundering amongst 
 them with their great ordnance, might have 
 opened away unto his gallics to have gnKen a vic- 
 tory. A'n<»//ei. 
 i.To have possession of; to have. This sense 
 is commonly in the compound preterite. 
 
 Then forcing thee, by fire he made ihee bright ; 
 Nay, thou hast got the face of man, Herbert. 
 
 5. To beget upon a female. 
 
 Those buys are boys of ice , they'll oone of her; 
 sure they are bastards to the English, the French 
 never ^ot iliem. Shakesp. 
 
 Women witli study'd arts they vex : 
 Ye gods, destroy that impious sex : 
 Ana if there must be some t'invoke 
 Your puw'rs, and make your altars smoke. 
 Come down yourselves, and, in their place. 
 Get a more just and nobler race. Tra//er. 
 
 Children Iheygot on their female captives. Locd*. 
 
 If you'll take 'cm as their fathers got 'em, so 
 and well; if not, you must stay 'till they get a 
 better generation. Dryden. 
 
 Has no man, but who has kill'd 
 A father, right to get a child ? Prier. 
 
 Let ev'ry inaaied man, that's grave and wise. 
 Take a tartuff of known ability, 
 \Vho shall so settle lasting reformation ; 
 First get a son, then giveliira education. Dortet. 
 
 The god of day, descending from above, 
 IMixt wuh the day , and gut the queen of love. Gran. 
 
 6. 'I'o gain as profit. 
 
 Though creditors will lose one fifth of their 
 principal and use, and landlords one fifth of their 
 income, yet the debtors and tenants will not «i 
 it. Locke. 
 
 7. To gain a superiority or advantage. 
 If they gel ground and 'vantage of the king. 
 
 Then join you with them like a rib of steel. Sfiak. 
 
 8. To earn ; to gain by labour. 
 
 Having no mines, nor any other way of getting 
 or keeping of riches but by trade, so much of our 
 trade as is lost, so much of our riches must neces- 
 sarily go with it. Locke. 
 
 If it be so much pains to count the money I 
 would spend, what labour did it cost my ances- 
 tors to get it ? _ Locke. 
 
 9. To receive as a price or reward. 
 
 Any tax laid on foreign commodities in England 
 raises their price, and makes the importer gtt 
 more for them ; but a tax laid on your home-made 
 commodities lessens their price. Locke. 
 
 10. To learn. 
 
 This defect he frequently lamented, it being 
 harder with him to get one sermon by heart than 
 to pen twenty. Lett. 
 
 Get by heart the more common and useful words 
 out of some judicious vocabulary. H'utls. 
 
 It. To procure to be. 
 
 I shall shew how wc may get it thus informed, 
 and afterwards preserve and lieep it so. South. 
 12. To put into any state. 
 
 Natuie taught them to make cerLiin vessels of 
 a tree, which thev got down, not with cutting, but 
 with fire. " Abbot. 
 
 Take no repulse, whatever she doth say ; 
 For, get you gone, she doth not mean a^Mxy.Shak. 
 
 He who attempts to get another man into hU 
 absolute power, does thereby put hinisell into a 
 state of war witli him. Lockt. 
 
 Beforeyour ewes bring forth, they may he pretlv 
 well kept, to get them a little into "heart ,11.>r(imrr. 
 
 Helim, who w.is taken up in embalming the 
 bodies, visited the place very frequently '• his 
 greatest perplexitj' was how to get the lovers out 
 of it, the gates being watched. Guardian. 
 
 80«
 
 GET 
 
 13. To prevail on : to induce. 
 
 Though the king could not get him to engage 
 in a life of business, he made him however his 
 chief companion. Spectator. 
 
 14. To draw ; to hook. 
 
 With much communication will he teinpt thee, 
 
 and smiling upon thee get out thy secrets. Ecc/.xiii. 
 
 B3' the_ marriage of his grandson Ferdinand he 
 
 ffi( into his family the kingdoms of Bohemia and 
 [ungary. _ Addison. 
 
 After having ^o( out of you every thing you can 
 spare, 1 scorn to trespass. Guardian. 
 
 15. To betake; to remove ; implying haste 
 or danger. 
 
 Oft you to bed on th' instant j I will be return'd 
 forthwith. Shakesp. Otheilo. 
 
 Arise, get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. 
 
 L«st they join also unto our enemies, and fight 
 against us, and so get them up out of the land. 
 
 Eiodus, I. 10. 
 
 He with all speed ^nt himself with his followers 
 to the strong town of Meea. Kno lies' s History. 
 
 16. To remove by force or art. 
 
 .She was quickly got otl' the land again. Knolles. 
 
 The roving fumes of quicksilver, in evaporating, 
 would oftentimes fasten upon the gold in such 
 jilenty, as would put him to much trouble to ^et 
 them o if from his rings. Boyle. 
 
 When mercury is got by the help of the fire out 
 of a metal, or other mineral body, we may sup- 
 pose this quicksilver to liave been a perfect body 
 of its own kind. Boyle. 
 
 They would be glad to get out those weeds 
 which their own hands have planted, and which 
 now iiave taken too deep root to be easily extir- 
 pated. Locke. 
 
 17. To put. 
 
 Get on thy boots ; we'll ride all night. Shakesp. 
 
 18. To get off. To sell or dispose of by 
 some expedient. 
 
 VVuod, to get his halfpence off", otVered an hun- 
 dred pounds ui his coin for seventy in silvcr.iSjrJ/i^. 
 
 To Get. v, n* 
 
 3 . To arrive at any state or posture, by de- 
 grees with some kind of labour, effort, or 
 difficulty : used either of persons or 
 things. 
 
 Phalatitus was entrapped, and saw round about 
 bim, but could not get out. Sidney, 
 
 You knew he walk'd o'er perils, on an edge 
 " More likely to fall in than to get o'er. Sfiak.B.}y. 
 
 The stranger shall get, up above thee very high, 
 and thou sbalt come down very low. 
 
 Deut. xxviii, 43. 
 
 The fox bragged what a number of sliifts and 
 devices he had to get from the hounds, and the 
 cat said he had but one, which was to climb a 
 tree. Bacon. 
 
 Those that are very cold, and especially in their 
 feet, cannot get to sleep. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 I utterly condemn the practice of the latter 
 times, that some who are pricked for sheriffs, and 
 were fit, should get out of the bill. 
 
 Bacon's Advice to Villiers. 
 
 He got away unto the Christians, and hardly 
 escaped. Knolles. 
 
 He would be at their backs before they could 
 get out of Armenia. KnoUes*s Histm-y ofthe Turks. 
 
 She plays with his rage, and^efs above his anger. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 The latitant air had got away in bubbles. Boyle. 
 
 There are few bodies whose minute parts stick 
 so close together, but that it is possible to meet 
 with some other body whose small parts may get 
 between, and so disjoin them. Boyle, 
 
 There was but an insensible diminution of the 
 liquor upon the recess of whatever it was that got 
 through t\\f cork. Boyle. 
 
 Aitliough the universe, and every part thereof, 
 are <tbjects full of excellency, yet tin- multi[)licity 
 thereof is so various, tliat the understanding fails 
 under a kind of despondency of getting through 
 so great a task. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 If there should be an3' leak at the bottom of the 
 vessel, yet very little water would get in, because 
 no air Could get out. Wilkins, 
 
 GET 
 
 heav'n, in what a lab'rinth am 1 led ! 
 
 I could get out, but she detains the thread ! Dry. 
 
 So have 1 seen some fearful hare maintain 
 A course, 'till tir'd before the dog she lay -, 
 
 Who, stretch'd behind her, pants upon the 
 plain, 
 Past pow'r to kill, as she to get away. Dryd. 
 
 The more oily and light part of this mass would 
 get above the other, and swim upon it. Burnet. 
 
 Having got through the foregoing passage, let 
 us go on to his next argument. ' Locke. 
 
 The removing of the pains we feci, is the £■??- 
 ting (jut of misery, ana consequently the hrst 
 thing to be done, in order to happiness, is to ac- 
 quire just ideas of absent good. Locke. 
 
 If, having got into the sense of the epistles, we 
 will hut compare what he says, in the places where 
 he treats of the same subject, we can hardly be 
 mistaken in his sense. Locke. 
 
 1 ^ot up as fast as possible, girt on my rapier, 
 and snatched up my hat, when my landlady came 
 up to me. 'Tatter. 
 
 Buceplialus would let nobody get upon him but 
 Alexander tlie Great. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Imprisun'd fires, in the close dungeons pent. 
 Roar to get loose, and struggle for a vent j 
 Eating their way, and undermining all, 
 'Till with a mighty burst whole mountains fall. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 \\ hen Alma now, in difFrent ages, 
 Has finish'd her ascending stages. 
 Into the head at length she gets, 
 And there in publick grandeur sits. 
 To judge of things. Prior. 
 
 I resolved to Break through all measures to get 
 away. Smft. 
 
 2. To fall ; to come by accident. 
 
 Two or three men of the town are got among 
 theiii. Tatkr. 
 
 3. To find the way ; to insinuate itself. 
 
 When an egg is made hard by boiling, since 
 tliere is nothing that appears to^ef in at the shell, 
 unless some little particles ofthe water, it is not 
 easy to discover from wlience else this change 
 proceeds than from a change made in the texture 
 of the parts. l^\yle. 
 
 He raves ; his words are loose 
 As heaps of sands, and scattering wide from sense: 
 So high he's mounted in his airy hoj»es. 
 That now the wind is got into his head, 
 And turns his brains to frenzy. Dry. Span. Fryar. 
 
 A child runs to overtake and get up to the top 
 of his shadow, which still advances at the same 
 rate that he does. Locke. 
 
 Should dressing, feasting, and balls once get 
 among the Cantons, their military roughness 
 would be quickly lost. Addisoii. 
 
 The tluids wliich surround bodies, upon the 
 surface of the globe, get in between the surface of 
 bodies, when they are at any distance. Ckeyne. 
 
 4. To move ; to remove. 
 
 Get home with thy fewel make ready to set ; 
 The sooner, and easier carriage to get. Tusser, 
 
 5. To have recourse to. 
 
 The Turks made great haste through the midst 
 ofthe town ditch, to get up into the bulwark to 
 help their fellows. Knolles's History. 
 
 Lying is so cheap a cover for any miscarriage, 
 and so much in fashion, that a child can scarce he 
 kept from getting into it. Locke. 
 
 G, To go ; to repair. 
 
 They ran to their weapons, and furiously as- 
 sailed' the Turks, now fearing no such matter, 
 and were not as yet all got into the castle. 
 
 Knollcs's History. 
 
 A knot of ladies, got together by themselves, is 
 a very school of impertinence. Sw^'t. 
 
 7. To put one's self in any state. 
 
 They miglit get over the river Avon at Strat- 
 ford, and get between the king and Worcester. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 We can neither find source nor issue for such 
 an excessive mass of waters, neither where to have 
 them; nor, if we had them, Ikjw to g^e( quit of 
 them. Burnet's Tbefiry of' the Earth. 
 
 Without his assistance we can no more get quit 
 of our affliction, than but by his permission we 
 should have fallen into it. Wake. 
 
 G E W 
 
 ITiere is a sort of men who pretend to divest 
 themselves of partiality; on both sides, and to get 
 above that imijcrfect idea of their subject which 
 Intle writers fall into. Pope on Homer. 
 
 As the obtaining the love of valuable men i» 
 the happiest end uf this life, so the next felicity 
 is^to get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope to Swift. 
 
 8. To become by any act what one was 
 not before. 
 
 The laughing sot, like all unthinking men, 
 Bathes and gets drunk ; then bathes and drinks 
 ''gain. _ Dryden. 
 
 9. To be a gainer ; to receive advantage. 
 Like jewels to advantage set, 
 
 Her beauty by the shade doesgcf. Waller. 
 
 10. To get off. To escape. 
 
 The gallies. by the benefit of the shores and 
 shallows ^ot off. Bacons War with Spain. 
 
 Whate er thou dost, deliver not thy sword ; 
 With that thou may'st get of, tho' odds oppose 
 thee. " Dryden. 
 
 J I . To get over. To conquer ; to sup- 
 press ; to pass without being stopped in 
 thinking or acting. 
 
 'Tis very pleasant to hear the lady propose her 
 doubts, and to see the pains he is at to get over 
 them. ^ Addiso;i. 
 
 I cannot get orer the prejudice of taking some 
 little offence at the clergy, for perjietually read- 
 ing their sermons. Smft. 
 
 To remove this dilTiculty, Peterborough was 
 dispatched to Vienna, and got over some part of 
 those disputes. Sunft. 
 
 12. To get np. To rise from repose. 
 Sheep will ^t( XLp betimes in the morning to feed 
 
 against rain. Bacon's l^at. Hist. 
 
 13. To get up. To rise from a seat. 
 
 14. To remove from a place. 
 
 Get you up from about the tabernacle of Koran, 
 Dathan, and Abiram. Numb. xvi. 
 
 15. To get, in all its significations, both 
 active and neutral, implies the acqui- 
 sition of something, or the arrival at 
 some state or place by some means ; ex- 
 cept in the use of the preterite com- 
 pound, whicli often implies mere pos- 
 session : as, he has got a good estate, 
 does not always mean that he has ac- 
 quired, but barely that he possesses it. 
 So we say the ladij has got black eyes, 
 merely meaning that she has them. 
 
 Ge'tter. n.s. [from g-pf.] 
 i , One who procures or obtains. 
 2. One who begets on a female. 
 
 Peace is a very lethargy, a getter of more bas- 
 tard children than war's a destroyer of men, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ge'tting. 71. s. [{vom get.] 
 
 1. Act of getting ; acquisition. 
 
 Wisdom is the principal thing, therefore get 
 wisdom ; and with all thy getting get understand- 
 ing. ' Praii. iv. 7. 
 
 2. Gain ; profit. 
 
 A\ ho hath a state to repair may not despise 
 small things ; and it is less dishonourable to 
 abridge a petty charge than to stoop to petty gei- 
 tin^s. Bacon. 
 
 The meaner families return a small share of 
 their gettings, to be a portion for the child. Swift. 
 
 GeVgaw. n. s. [jejap, Sax.JoynM, Fr.] 
 A sho^vy titifle ; a toy ; a bauble ; a 
 splendid plaything. 
 
 'I'liat metal they e.vchanged for the meanest 
 IriHes and geiigau-s which the others could not 
 bi ing. Abbot. 
 
 Prefer that nliich Providence has pronounced 
 to be the staff of life, before a glittermg gewgaa 
 that has no other value than what vanity has set 
 upon it. VEstrange. 
 
 804
 
 GH O 
 
 As eliildren, wlien lliey tlirow one toy away. 
 Straight a more foulisli gciegnw coinc'S in play. 
 
 Dri/den. 
 
 A. heavy gewgaw, call'd a crown, tliat spread 
 About his It-mpk'S, drown'd his narrow head. 
 And would liave crusli'd it. Dryden's Juvenal. 
 
 Some loose the bands 
 Of ancie[it friendship, cancel nature's laws 
 For pageantry and tawdy gewgaws. Philivs. 
 
 The hrst images were fans, silks, ribbands, la- 
 ces, and many other gewgaws, which lay so tliick 
 that the whole heart was nothing else but a toy- 
 shop. Addison's Guardmii. 
 
 Ge'wgaw. adj. Splendidly trifling; 
 showy 'without value. 
 
 Let him that would learn the happiness of re- 
 ligion, see the poor geu'gaw happiness of Feliciana. 
 Law's Ser'u'tis Call 
 Gha'stful. adj. [jaj-r and pulle, Sax.] 
 Dreary ; disinal ; melancholy ; fit for 
 walking spirits. Obsolete. 
 
 Here will I dwell apart. 
 In g/iustfu/ grave, 'till niy last sleep 
 Do close mine eyes ; 
 
 Help me, ye baneful birds, whose shrieking sound 
 Is sign of dreary death. Spenser's Pastoiats. 
 
 Gha'stliness. n. s. [from ghastly.] 
 Horrour of countenance ; resemblance 
 of a ghost ; paleness. 
 
 GHA'STLY. adj. [jaj-c, or ghost and 
 like.] 
 
 1 . Like a ghost ; having horrour in the 
 countenance ; pale ; dreadful ; dismal. 
 
 Why looks your grace so heavily to-day ? 
 — O, 1 have past a miserable night ; 
 So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams. 
 So full of dismal terrour was the time. Shakesp. 
 
 Envy quickly discovered in court Solyman's 
 changed countenance upon the great bassa, and 
 began now to shew her ghastlij face. Knolles. 
 
 Death ^ 
 
 Grinn'd horrible a ghastlij smile, to hear 
 His famine should be fill'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Those departed friends, whom at our last sepa- 
 ration we saw disfigured by all the ghastly horrours 
 of death, we shall then see assistinij; about the ma- 
 jestick throne of Christ, with their once vile bo- 
 dies transfigured into the likeness of his glorious 
 body, mingling their glad acclamations with the 
 hallelujahs of thrones, principalities and powers. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 He came, but with such alter'd looks. 
 So wild, so ghastly, as if some ghost had met him. 
 All pale and speechless. Dryden's Spanish Friar. 
 
 I did not for these ghastly visions send ; 
 Their sudden coming does some ill portend. Dry. 
 
 2. Horrible ; shocking ; dreadful. 
 
 To be less than gods 
 Disdain'd ; but meaner thoughts learn'd in their 
 
 flight, 
 Blangled with ghastly womids through plate and 
 mail. Milton. 
 
 T who make the triumph of to-day, 
 May of to-morrow's pump one part appear, 
 Ghastly with wounds, and lifeless on the bier ! 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Gha'stness. n.s. [from jaj-c. Sax.] 
 Ghastliness; horrour of look. Not used. 
 
 Look you pale, mistress ? 
 Do you perceive the ghastness of the eye ^Shahesp. 
 
 Gh'erkin. 71. s. [from o^<7-f^f, Germ, 
 a cucumber.] A small pickled cucum- 
 ber. Skinner. 
 
 To Ghess. v.n. [See To Guess. Ghess 
 is by criticks considered as the true or- 
 thography, but guess has universally 
 prevailed.] To conjecture. 
 
 GHOST, n.s. [jaj-c, Sax.] 
 
 1. The soul of man. 
 
 Vex not his ghost : O, let liim pass ! He hates 
 him. 
 That would upon the rack of this rough world 
 Stretch him out longer. Shakesi>. King Lear, 
 
 G I A 
 
 Often did 1 strive 
 To yield the ghost ; but still the envious flood 
 Kept in my soul. Shakesp. lUchard 111. 
 
 2. A spirit appearing after death. 
 
 The mightv ghostt of our great Harrys rose. 
 And armed towards look'd with anxious eyes. 
 
 To see this licet among uneipial foes. 
 By which fate promis'd tlieni their Charles should 
 rise. Dryden. 
 
 3. To give up the ghosl. To die ; to 
 yield up the spirit into the hands of God. 
 
 Their shadows seein 
 A canopy most fatal, under which 
 Our army lies ready to give up the glwsl. Shakesp. 
 
 4. The third person in the adorable Tri- 
 nity, called the Holy Ghost. 
 
 To Ghost, v. it. [from the noun.] To 
 
 yield up the ghost ; to die. Not in use. 
 
 Euryalus taking leave of Lucrctia, precipitated 
 
 her into such a love-fit, that within a few hours 
 
 she ghosted. Sidney. 
 
 To Ghost, v. a. To haunt with appa- 
 ritions of departed men. Obsolete. 
 
 Julius Ca'sar 
 Who at rhilippi the good Brutus ghosted, 
 There saw you labouring fur him. Shakesp. 
 
 Gho'stliness. w. s. [from ghoslli/.] 
 Spiritual tendency ; quality of having 
 reference chiefly to the soul. 
 
 Gho'stly. adj. [i'rora ghost.] 
 
 1 . Spiritual ; relating to the soul ; not 
 carnal ; not secular. 
 
 Save and defend us from oar ghostly enemies. 
 Common Prayer. 
 
 Our common necessities, and the lack which w-e 
 all have, as well of ghostly as of earthly favours, is 
 in each kind easily kno\«a ; but the gifts of God, 
 according to these degrees and times, w^liich he in 
 his secret wisdom secth meet, are so diversly be- 
 stowed, that it seldom appeareth what all receive; 
 what all stand in need of seldom lieth hid. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 The graces of the spirit are much more precious 
 than worldly benefits, and our ghostly evils of 
 greaterimportauce than any harm which the body 
 feeleth. Hooker. 
 
 To deny me the g/u«(/i/ comfort of my chaplains, 
 seems a greater barbarity than is ever used by 
 Christians. King Charles. 
 
 2. Having a character from religion ; 
 spiritual. 
 
 Hence will I to my ghostly friar's cell. 
 His help to crave, and my dear hap to tell. Shak. 
 The g/mst/i; father now hath done his shrift. A'/ni^. 
 
 GIALALINA. n.s. [Ital.] Earth of 
 a bright gold colour, found in the king- 
 dom of Naples, very fiue, and very mucii 
 valued by painters. > 
 
 Woodward's JMet. Foss. 
 Gia'mbeux. n. s. [jambes, Fr.] Legs, 
 or armour for legs ; greaves. 
 
 The mortal steel dcspiteously entail'd. 
 Deep in their flesh, quite thr'nigh the iron walls. 
 That a larse purple stream adown their ginmfcetu' 
 fallsT Spenser. 
 
 GI'ANT. n. s. [grant, Fr. gigas, Lat.] 
 A man of size above the ordinary rate 
 of men ; a man unnaturally large. It 
 is observable, that the idea of a giant is 
 always associated with pride, brutality, 
 and wickedness. 
 
 Now does he feel his axle 
 Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe 
 Upon a dwarfish tliief. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Gates of monaichs 
 Arc arch'd so high, that ^'iiinls may jot through. 
 And keep iKeir impious turbans oil, without 
 Good-morrow lo the sun. Shakesp. Cymbelinc. 
 
 Woman's geiillc brain 
 Could not drop forlli such giant rude invention ; 
 Such Elliiop words. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Gl B 
 
 Fierce faces thrcat'iiing wars, 
 Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise '.Miltcn. 
 Those giants, those mighty men, and men of 
 renown, far exceeded the proportion, nature, and 
 strength of those giants remembered by Jloses of 
 his own time. liale'i^h's History. 
 
 TliegiViiit brothers, in their camp, have found 
 I was not forc'd with case to quit my ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 By weary steps and slow 
 The groping gi«ii< with a trunk of pine 
 Explor'd his way. Addison. 
 
 Neptune, by pray'r repentant, rarely won. 
 Afflicts the chief I'.ivcnge his giant srjii. 
 Great Polyplicme of more thai^ mortai might. 
 
 Pave. 
 
 Gi'antess. n.s. [Crom giant.] Ashe 
 
 giant ; a woman of uimattiral bulk and 
 
 height. 
 
 I had ratliiT be a giantess, and lie undcriDOunt 
 
 IVIIon. Shakesp. 
 
 Were this subject to the cedar, she would Oe 
 
 able to ma!;e head against Xhnlhu'^'s giantess.Hou: 
 
 Gl' ANTLIKE. ladj. [from giaut and 
 
 Gi'antly. j iike.] Giganiick ; van; 
 
 bulky. 
 
 Single courage has often, without romance, 
 overcome giantly ditliculties. Decay uf Piety. 
 
 Notwithstanding all thc.ir talk of reason an.i 
 pliilosophy, which llu-y are deplorably strangers 
 to, and those unanswerable doubts and difficulties, 
 which, over their cups, they pretend to have 
 against Christianity ; persuade but the covetous 
 man not to deify his money, the proud man nut 
 to adore himself, and I dare undertake that all 
 their giantlike objectiuns against the Christian re- 
 ligion shall presently vanish and (piit the field. 
 
 .*«rut/l. 
 
 Gi'antship. n. s. [from giant.] Qua- 
 lity or character of a giant. 
 
 His giayitship is gone soiiiewhat crest fallen. 
 Stalking with less unconscionable stritlcs, 
 And lower looks. Milton's Agonisles. 
 
 Gi'bbe. n. s. Any old worn-out animal. 
 
 Hannicr. 
 For who that's but a queen, fair, sober, wise. 
 Would from a paddock, from a bat, a githe. 
 Such dear concernings hide ? Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 To Gi'bber. v. n. \ivom jabber.] To 
 speak inartictilately. 
 
 The sheeted dead 
 Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets. i/ia/i. 
 
 Gibberish, n.s. [Derived by SAin/ftr 
 from gabir, Fr. to cheat ; by others 
 con jecttired to be formed by corrujition 
 from jabber. But as it was anciently 
 written a-iV^cr/jA, it is probably derived 
 frimi tlie cnymical cant, and originally 
 implied the jargon of Gebcr anil liis 
 Vvibe.] Cant ; the private language of 
 rogues and gipseys ; words without 
 meaning. 
 
 Some, if they happen to hear an old word, al- 
 beit very natui aland significant, cry out straight- 
 way, tluit we speak no English, butgiWifris'i.Sjxii. 
 
 Some of both sexes wrfting down a number of 
 letters, just as it came into their heads ; upon 
 reading this gMcrish, that which the men had 
 xvrote sounded like High Dutch, and tlieotlierby 
 the women like Italian. Swift. 
 
 Gi'bbf.t. n.s. [gibet, Fr.] 
 1. A gallows ; the j)ost on which malefac- 
 tors are hanged, or on which tlieir cir- 
 cases are exposed. 
 
 When was there ever cursed atheist brought 
 V'nto the gibbet, but he did adore 
 That blessed pow'r which he had set at nought ? 
 
 Davie*. 
 
 You scandal to the stock of verse, a race 
 
 .\hW to bring thegiWict in disgrace. Cleaivland. 
 
 Haman sulfered death hiinself upon the very 
 
 eibbct that he had provided for ano;ner. L'Estr. 
 
 ao5
 
 GIB 
 
 Papers lay such principles to the Tories, as if 
 they were true, our next business sliould be to 
 erect gifc^ets in every parish, and hang tliera out 
 of the way. Swift. 
 
 2. Any traverse beams. 
 
 To Gi'bbet. u. w. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To hang or expose on a gibbet. 
 
 I'll ^bbet up his name. Oldham. 
 
 2. To hang on any thing going traverse : 
 as the beam of a gibbet. 
 
 He shall come off and on swifter than he that 
 gibbets on the brewer's bucket. Shakesp. 
 
 GrBBlER, U.S. [French.] Game; 
 wild fowl. 
 
 These imposts are laid on all butchers* meat, 
 while, at the same time, the fowl and gibbier are 
 tax-free. Addisoji on Italy. 
 
 GiBBO'siTY. «. s, [gibbosite, Fr. from 
 gibbous,] Convexity; prominence; pro- 
 tuberance. 
 
 When ships, sailing contrarv ways, lose the 
 siglit one of another, what should take away the 
 sight of ships from each other, but the gibbosi^ of 
 the interjacent water ? Ray. 
 
 GIBBOUS, adj. [gibbus.Lat gibbeuxjr,] 
 
 1. Convex; protuberant; swelling into 
 inequalities. 
 
 The bones will rise, and make agibbmis member. 
 
 Wisemaii. 
 A pointed flinty rock, all bare and black. 
 Grew gibbous from behind the mountain's back. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The sea, by this access and recess, shurHinH the 
 empty shells, wears them away, reducing those 
 that are concave and gibbous to a flat. 
 
 Woodtoard's Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Crookbacked. 
 
 1 demand how the camels of Bactria came to 
 have two bunches in their back, whereas the ca- 
 ncels of Arabia have but one ? How oxen in some 
 countries began and continue gibbous or hunch- 
 backed ? Brovm. 
 
 Gi'bbousness. n. s. [from gibbous.] 
 Convexity ; prominence. 
 
 To make the convexity of the earth discernible, 
 suppose a man lifted in the air, that he may have 
 a spacious horizon ; but then, because of the dis- 
 tance, tlie convexity and gibbousness would vanish 
 away, and he would only see a great circular flat. 
 Bentley's Sa'mojis. 
 
 Gi'bcat. n. s, [gib said cat .] An old 
 worn-out cat. 
 
 I am as melancholy as a^i6ca(, ora lugg'd bear. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To GIBE. V, n. [gaber, old Fr. to sneer, 
 to ridicule.] To sneer ; to join censo- 
 riousness with contempt. 
 
 They seem to imagine that we have erected of 
 late a frauiL* of some new religion, the furniture 
 whereof we should not have borrowed from our 
 enemies, lest they should afterwards laugh and 
 gibe at our party. Hooker. 
 
 When he saw her toy, and gibe, and geer. 
 And pass the bounds of modest merry make, 
 Her ualliance he despis'd. Spejiser. 
 
 Why that's the way to choke a gibing spirit. 
 Whose influence is begot of that loose grace 
 \\ hich shallow laughing hearers give to fools. S/mfe. 
 
 Thus with talents well endu'd, 
 To be scurrilous and rude. 
 When you pertly raise your snout. 
 Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift. 
 
 To Gibe. v. a. To reproach by contemp- 
 tuous hints; to flout ; to scoff ; to ridi- 
 cule ; to treat with scorn ; to sneer ; to 
 taunt. 
 
 \\ hen rioting in Alexandria, you 
 Did pocket up my letters, and with taunts 
 Did gibe my missive out of audience. Shakesp, 
 
 Draw the beasts as I describe them. 
 From their features while 1 gibe them. Swift. 
 
 Gibe. n.s. [from the verb.] Sneer; hint 
 
 G I D 
 
 of contempt by word or look ; scofF ; 
 act or expression of scorn ; taunt. 
 
 Mark the fleers, the ^ibeSy and notable scorns 
 That dwell in ev'r^ region of his face. Shakesp. 
 
 The rich have still a gibe in store. 
 And will be monstrous witty on the poor.Dri/rfen. 
 
 If thev would hate from the bottom of their 
 hearts, their aversion would be too strong for little 
 gibes every moment. Spectator. 
 
 But the dean, if tliis secret should come to his 
 ears. 
 Will neyer have done with his gibes and his jeers. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Gi'ber. w. «. [fromg-iJf.] Asneerer;one 
 who turns others to ridicule by contemp- 
 tuous hints ; a scoffer ; a taunter. 
 
 You are well understood to be a more perfect 
 giber of the table, than a necessary bencher of the 
 Capitol. Shakesp. CorioUinus. 
 
 He is a giber, and our present business 
 Is of more serious consequence. Ben Jcmson. 
 
 Gi'bingly. adv. [from gibe.] Scorn- 
 fully ; contemptuously. 
 
 His present portance 
 Gibingly and ungravely he did fashion 
 After tfi' inveterate hate he bears to you. Shakesp. 
 
 Gi'blets. n. s. [according to Minshew 
 from gobbet, gobbht : according to Ju- 
 nius, more properly from gibier, game, 
 Fr.] The parts of a goose which are 
 cut off before it is roasted. 
 
 'Tis hoiyday ; provide me better cheer : 
 'Tis hoiyday ; and »hall be round the year : 
 Shall 1 my houshold gods and genius cheat, 
 To make nim rich who grudges me my meat ? 
 That he may loll at ease ; and pamper'd high. 
 When I am laid, may feed on gibtit pie ? l^den. 
 
 GlBSTAFF. n. S. 
 
 1 . A long staff to gage water, or to shove 
 forth a vessel into the tieep. 
 
 2. A weapon used formerly to fight beasts 
 upon the stage. I>icf. 
 
 Gi'ddily. adv. [from giddy.] 
 
 1. With the head seeming to turn round. 
 
 2. Inconstantly; unsteadily. 
 
 To roam 
 Giddily, and be every where but at home. 
 Such freedom doth a banishment become. Donne. 
 
 3. Carelesly ; heedlesly ; negligently. 
 The parts that fortune hath bestow'd upon her. 
 
 Tell her, I hold as giddily as fortune. Shakesp. 
 
 Gi'ddiness. n.s. [from giddi/.] 
 
 1 . The state of being giddy or vertiginous ; 
 the sensation which we have when every 
 thing seems to turn round. 
 
 Megrims and giddiness are rather when we rise 
 after long sitting, than while we sit. Bacon. 
 
 This blessed thistle, which is so sovereign a 
 medicine against the giddiness of the brain ; 'tis 
 this will settle it. Hoiyday. 
 
 Vain show and noise intoxicate the brain. 
 Begin with giddiness, and end in pain. young. 
 
 2. Inconstancy ; unsteadiness ; mutabili- 
 ty ; changeableness. 
 
 There be that delight in giddiness, and count it 
 a bondage to fix a belief. Bacon. 
 
 3. Quick rotation; inability to keep its place. 
 The indignation of HeHveii rolling and turning 
 us, 'till at length such a. giddiness seized upon go- 
 vernment, that it fell into the very dregs of secta- 
 ries. South. 
 i. Frolick ; wantonness of life. 
 Thou like a contrife penitent, 
 Charitably warn'd of thy sins, do'st repent 
 These vanities and giddinesses. Donue. 
 
 Gl'DDY. adj. [31&15, Sax. I know not 
 whether this word may not come from 
 gad, to wander, to be in motion, gad, 
 gid, giddy.] 
 
 1. Vertiginous ; having in the head a 
 
 G I F 
 
 whirl,or sensation of circular motion,such 
 as happens by disease or drunkenness. 
 
 Them rev'ling tlms the Tentyrites invade, 
 By jiddj/ heads and sta^g'ring legs betray 'd. Tate. 
 
 2. Rotatory ; whirhng ; running round 
 with celerity. 
 
 As Ixion fi,x'd, the wretch shall feel 
 The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope. 
 
 3. Inconstant; mutable; unsteady; change- 
 ful. 
 
 Our fancies are more giddy and unfirm, 
 Blore longing, wavering, sooner lost and won. 
 Than womeiTs are. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 _ It may be gnats and flies have their imagma- 
 tion more mutable and giddy, as small birdslike- 
 wise have. Bacon. 
 
 Thanks to giddy chance, which never bears 
 That mortal bliss should last for length of years, 
 She cast us headlong from our high estate. 
 And here in hope of thy return we wait. Dryden. 
 
 The giddy vulgar, as their fancies guide. 
 With noise say nothing, and in parts divide. 
 
 Dryden s JEneid. 
 
 You are as giddy and volatile as ever, the re- 
 verse of Pope ; who hath always loved a domes- 
 tick life. Swift to Gay. 
 
 4. That causes giddiness. 
 
 The frequent errors of the pathless wood. 
 The giddy precipice, and the dang'tous flood, Pri. 
 
 The sylphs through mystick mazes guide theii 
 way. 
 Through all the giddy circle they pursue. Pope. 
 
 5. Heedless ; thoughtless ; uncautious ; 
 wild. 
 
 Too many giddy foolish hours are gone, 
 And in fantastick measures danc'd away. Rowe. 
 
 How inexcusable are those ^t^iiii/ creatures, who, 
 ill the same hour leap from a parent's window to 
 a husband's bed. Clarissa. 
 
 6. Tottering ; unfixed. 
 
 As we have pac'd atone 
 Upon the giddy footing of the hatches, 
 Methought that Glo'ster stumbled. Shakesp. 
 
 7. Intoxicated ; elated to thoughtlessness; 
 overcome by any overpowering incite- 
 ment. 
 
 Art thou not giddy with the fashion too, that 
 thou hast shiftea out of thy tale into telling me 
 of the fashion ? Shakesp. 
 
 Like one of two contending in a prize. 
 That thinks he hath done well in people's eyes ; 
 Hearing applause and universal snout. 
 Giddy ill spirit, gazing still in doubt, 
 V\ hether tnose peals of praise be his or no. Shak. 
 
 To Giddy, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 turn quick. Obsolete. 
 
 A sodaine north-wind fetcht. 
 With an extreame sea, quite about againe. 
 Our whole endeavours ; and our course constrain 
 To giddie round. Chapman. 
 
 GxDDYBRAiNED. adj. [giddy and brairt.] 
 Careless ; thoughtless. 
 
 Turn him out again, you unnecessary, useless, 
 giddybrain'd ass ! Otway's Ven. Pi'eserv. 
 
 Gi'ddyheaded. adj. [giddy and head.] 
 Without thought or caution ; without 
 steadiness or constancy. 
 
 And sooner may a gulling weather spy. 
 By drawing forth heav'ns scheme discry 
 AVhat fashion'd hats or ruffs, or suits, next year. 
 Oar giddy-headed aiilick youth will wear. Donnt. 
 
 That men are so misaffected, melancholy, giddy, 
 headed, hear the testimony of Sulouion.Bur.miMeJ. 
 
 Gi'ddypaced. tdj. [giddy and pace.] 
 Moving without regularity. 
 
 More than light airs, and recollected terms. 
 Of these most Brisk and giddypaced times. Shah, 
 
 Gi'er-eagle. n. s. [Sometimes it is 
 written jer-eagle.] An eagle of a par- 
 ticular kind. 
 
 These fowls shall not be eaten, the swan and 
 the pelican, and the gier-eagte. Lemticm. 
 
 Gift. n. s. [from give.] 
 
 806
 
 G I G 
 
 1. A thing given or bestowed ; some- 
 thing conferred without price. 
 
 They presented unto hira^is, gold, and frank- 
 iDcense and ra^rrh. Matt. ii. 11. 
 
 Recall your sift< fof 1 y"' pow'r confess ; 
 But first take back my life, a gift that's lesi.Dry. 
 
 2. The act of giving. 
 Creator bounteous, and benign. 
 
 Giver of all things good, but fairest this 
 Of all thy gifts, nor envyest. Milton. 
 
 Thee all things living gaze on, all things thine 
 By gift. . Milton. 
 
 3. The right or power of bestowing. 
 
 They cannot give ; 
 For had the gift been theirs, it had not here 
 Thus grown. Milton. 
 
 No man has any antecedent right or claim to 
 that which comes to him by free giji. South. 
 
 4. Oblation; offering. 
 
 Many nations shall come withgifts in their hands, 
 even gifts to the king of heaven. Tob. xiii. 11. 
 
 5. A bribe. 
 
 Thou shalt not wresi judgement, thou shall not 
 respect persons, neitlier'takea;^yt ; for agifl doth 
 blind the eyes of the wise. Deut. xvi. 19. 
 
 6. Power ; faculty. 
 
 And if the boy have not a woman's gift, 
 To rain a shower of coramanded tears, 
 An onion will do well for such a shift. Shakesp. 
 
 She was lovely to attract 
 Thy love, not thy subjection, and her gifts 
 Were such as made government well seera'd 
 Unseemly to bear rule. Milton. 
 
 He wlio has the gift of ridicule, finds fault 
 with any thine that gives him an opportunity of 
 exerting his talent. Addison. 
 
 Gi'fted. «<//. [from gift.] 
 
 1. Given ; bestowed. 
 
 Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. 
 To grind in brazen fetters, under task. 
 With my heav'n gifted strength. Miltmi's Agon. 
 
 2. Endowed with extraordinary powers. 
 It is commonly used ironically. 
 
 Two of their gifted brotherhood, Hacket and 
 Coppinger, got up into a pease-cart, and ha- 
 rangued the people to dispose them to an insur- 
 rection. _ , Dryden. 
 
 There is no talent so pernicious as eloquence, 
 to those who have it not under command : wo- 
 men, who are so liberally gifted by nature in this 
 particular, ought to study the rules of female ora- 
 tory. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 Gig. «. *. [Etymology uncertain.] 
 
 1. Any thing that is whirled round in play. 
 
 Playthings, as tops, gigs, battledores, should 
 be procured them. Locke. 
 
 2. [iSigia, Islandick.] A fiddle. Now 
 out of use. 
 
 GigA'ntick. adj. [gigantes, Lat.] Suit- 
 able to a giant ; big ; bulky ; enormous ; 
 likewise wicked ; atrocious. 
 Others from the wall defend 
 With dart and jav'lin, stones, and sulphurous fire; 
 On each hand slaughter and ^iVan(ic/c deeds. Mi7(. 
 
 I dread him not, nor all his giant brood. 
 Though fame divulg'd him fatfier of five sons. 
 All of gigantick size, Goliah chief. Mittoiis Agon. 
 
 The son of Hercules he justly seems. 
 By his broad shoulders, and gigantick limbs. Dry. 
 
 The Cyclopean race in arms arose ; 
 A lawless nation o( gigantick foes. Pope^s Odyssetj. 
 
 To GIGGLE. V. ft. [gkhelen, Dut.]" To 
 laugh idly ; to titter ; to grin with mer- 
 ry levity. It is retained in Scotland. 
 
 We shew our present jokinp, giggling race ; 
 True joy consists in gravity and grace. Gamok'sE;j. 
 
 Gi'ggler. n. s. [from giggle.] A 
 laugher ; a titterer; one idl}' and fool- 
 ishly merry. 
 
 A sad wise valour is the brave complexion. 
 That leads the van, and swallows up the cities : 
 The giggler is a milk-maid, whom infection. 
 Or the fir'd beacon, frighteth from his ditties, iierii. 
 
 G I L 
 
 Gi'glet. n. ». [jeajl, Sax. gej/l, Dut. 
 giltet, Scott, is still retained.] A wan- 
 ton ; a lascivious girl. Now out of use. 
 
 Young Talbot was not born 
 To be the pillage of a giglet wench. Shakesp. 
 
 The fam d Cassibelan was once at point. 
 Oh, giglet fortune I to master Csesar's sword. S/iak. 
 
 Away with those gigtets too, and with the otlier 
 confederate companion. Shak. Meas.for Meas. 
 
 GI'GOT. n.s. [Fr.] The hip joint. It 
 seems to mean in Chapman a joint for 
 the spit. 
 
 The inwards slit. 
 They broil'd on coales,and eate : tlie rest, ingrgots 
 cut, they split. Chapman. 
 
 To GILD. V. a. pret. gilded, or gilt. 
 
 [jilban, Sax.J 
 
 1. To wash over with gold; to cover 
 with foliated gold. 
 
 The room was large and wide, 
 As it some gilt or solemn temple were : 
 Many great golden pillars did uprear 
 The massy roof. Spenser. 
 
 To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, 
 To throw a perfume on the violet. Shakesp. 
 
 And the gilded car of day 
 His glowing axle doth allay 
 In the steep Allantick stream. Milton. 
 
 Purchasing riches with our time and care, 
 We lose our freedom in a gilded snAie. Roscommon. 
 
 When Britain, looking with a just disdain 
 Upon this gilded majesty of Spain, 
 And knowing well that empire must decline, 
 \\ hose chief support and sinews are of co'm.Wal. 
 
 Her joy in gilded chariots, when alive ; 
 And love of ombre after death survive. Pope. 
 
 2. To cover with any yellow matter. 
 
 Thou did'st drink 
 The stale of horses and the gilded puddle 
 Which beasts would cough At.Shak.Ant.andCleop. 
 
 3. To adorn with lustre. 
 
 No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. 
 Nor ev'ning Cj'nthia fill her silver horn. 
 
 Pope's Mes. 
 
 4. To brighten ; to illuminate. 
 
 The lightsome passion of joy was not that tri- 
 vial, vanishing, superficial thing, that only gilds 
 the apprehension,- and plays upon the surface of 
 the soul. South. 
 
 5. To recommend by adventitious orna- 
 ments. 
 
 For ray part, if a lie may do thee erace, 
 I'll gild It with the happiest terms I have. Shak. 
 Yet, oh ! tir imperfect piece moves more de- 
 light ; 
 'Tis gilded o'er with youth, to catch the si"ht. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 Gi'lder. n. s. [from gild.] 
 
 1. One who lays gold on the surface of 
 any other body. 
 
 GiUers use to have a piece of gold in their 
 mouth, to draw the spirits of the quicksilver. Bac. 
 
 We have here a gilder, with his anvil and ham- 
 mer. Broome. 
 
 2. A coin, from one shilling and six pence, 
 to two shillings. Phil. 
 
 I am bound 
 To Persia, and want gilders for my voyage. Shak. 
 
 Gi'lding. n. s. [from gild.] Gold laid 
 on any surface by way of ornament. 
 
 Silvering will sully .ind canker more than gild- 
 ing, which, if it niight be corrected with a little 
 mixture of gold, there is profit. Bncmi. 
 
 The church of the .\niiunciation, all but one 
 corner of it, is covered with statues, gilding, and 
 paint. Aadison on Ilal\j. 
 
 Could laureate Dryden Pimp and Fry'r engage. 
 And I not strip the gildiiig off a knave, 
 Uuplac'd, unpension'd, no man's heir or slave ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Gill. n. s. [agulla, Span, giila, Lat.] 
 1 . The apertures at each side of a fish's head. 
 
 G I M 
 
 The leviathan, 
 Str-etch'd like a promontory, sleeps or swims. 
 And seems a moving land, and at his gills 
 Draws in, and at his trunk spouts out a sea. Mitt. 
 
 Fishes perform respiration under water by the 
 gills. Ray. 
 
 He hath two ^U-fiiis ; not behind the gilts, as 
 in most fishes, but before thera. Walton. 
 
 'Till the3', of farther passage quite bereft. 
 Were in the mesh with giJU entangl'd left. King. 
 
 2. The flaps that hang below the beak of 
 a fowl. 
 
 The turkcycock hath great and swelling ^//i, 
 and the hen hath less. Bac(m's Xutural History. 
 
 3. The flesh under the chin. 
 
 In many there is no paleness at all ; but, con- 
 trariwise, redness about the cheeks and ^7is,whic!i 
 is by the sending forth of spirits in an appetite to 
 revenge. Bacon s Natural History. 
 
 Like the long bag of flesh hanging down from 
 the gills of the people in Piedmont. Strijt. 
 
 4. [Gilla, barbarous Latin.] A measure 
 of liquids containing the fourth part of 
 a pint. 
 
 Every bottle must be rinced with wine ; some, 
 out of mistaken thrift, will rince a dozen with the 
 same ; change the wine at every second bottle : a 
 gill may be enough. Swift. 
 
 5. A kind of measure among the tinners. 
 
 They measure their block-tin by the gill, which 
 containeth a pint. Carevr. 
 
 6. In the northern counties it is half a 
 pint of liquid measure. 
 
 7. [From gillian, the old English way of 
 writing /u//an, or Juliana.] The appel- 
 lation of a woman in ludicrous language. 
 
 lean, for I will, 
 Here at Burley o' th' Hill, 
 Give you all your fill. 
 Each 'Jack wUh his Gill. Ben Jonson's Gypsies. 
 
 8. [Chelidonitim.] The name of a plant ; 
 ground-ivy. 
 
 9. Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy. 
 Gi'llhouse. 71. s. [gilt and house.] A 
 
 house where gill is sold. 
 Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse 
 mourn. 
 And answ'riiig ginshops sourer sighs return.Pope. 
 
 Gi'llyflower. n.s. [Either corrupted 
 from ,fuli/fl(iwer, or from girojlce, Fr.] 
 
 Gilluji'ium or ratlicr Julvfouers, so called from 
 the month Ihev blow in, may be reduced to these 
 sorts ; red and white, purple and w liite, scarlet 
 and white. Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 In ,Tulv come gilluflowers of all varieties. Bacmi. 
 
 Fair is'the gilhfiou'r of gardens sweet. 
 Fair is the niarygnld, for pultage meel.Guu'sPcisf- 
 
 Gilt. n. s. [from gild.] Golden show ; 
 gold laid on the surface of any matter. 
 Now obsolete. 
 
 Our gayiiess and oor gilt are all besmirch'd, 
 Willi raiiiv marching in tlie painful (ie\d. Shakesp. 
 
 \\ hen thou wast in thy gilt, and thy perfume, 
 they mockt ihce for too much curiosity : in thy 
 rugs thou know'st none, but art despis'd for tlie 
 conlrarv. Shakesp. Timon of Athens. 
 
 Gilt. " The participle of Gild, which 
 
 see. 
 ^\ here the gilt chariot never mark'd its way. 
 
 iPopt. 
 
 Gi'lthead. n. s. [gilt and head.] 
 
 1. A sea-fish. Diet. 
 
 2. A bird. 
 
 He blended together the livers o( giltheads, the 
 brains of pheasants and peacocks, tongues of plie- 
 nicopters, and the melts of lampres. HakcieiU. 
 
 Gilt-tail. n.s. [gilt and tail.] A 
 worm so called from his yellow tail. 
 
 GiM. adj. [.\nold word.] Neat; spruce; 
 well dressed. 
 
 807
 
 G I N 
 
 Gi'mcrack. w. s. [Supposed by Skin- 
 ner to be ludicrously formed from 
 gin, derived from eyigine.] A slight or 
 trivial mechanism. 
 
 Fur though these gimcracks were away, 
 However, more reduc'd and plain. 
 The watch would still a watch remain ; 
 But if the lioral orbit ceases, 
 I'lie whule stands still, or breaks to pieces. Prior. 
 
 W hat's the meaning of all these trangraras and 
 gimcracks? Jumping over my master s hedges, 
 and running your lines cross Ins grounds ?Arbuth. 
 
 Gl'.MLET. n. s. [gibeht, guimbeht, Fr.] 
 A borer with a screw at its point. 
 The gimlet hath a worm at the end of its bit. 
 
 Moitm. 
 
 GiMMAL. n. s. [Supposed by Skinner 
 and Ainsworlh to be derived from gi- 
 mellus, Lat. and to be used only of some- 
 thing consisting of correspondent parts, 
 or double. It seems rather to be gra- 
 dually corrupted tvom geometry or geo- 
 metrical. Any thing done by occult 
 means is vulgarly said to be done by 
 geometry.] Some little quaint devices 
 or pieces of machinery. Hanmer. 
 
 . I think by some odd gitnmals or device 
 Their arms are set like clocks, still to strike on, 
 Else they could not hold out so as they do. Skuk. 
 
 Gi'mmer. U.S. [See GiMMAL.] Move- 
 ment ; machinery. 
 
 The liolding together of the parts "f matter has 
 so confounded me, that I have been prone to con- 
 clude with myself, that the gimmers of the world 
 hold together not so much by geometry as some 
 natural magick. More s Dioine Dialogues. 
 
 Gimp. n. s. [See Gim. Gimp, in old 
 English, is neat, spruce.] A kind of 
 silk twist or lace. 
 
 Gin. n. s. [from engine.] 
 
 1 . A trap ; a snare. 
 
 As the day begins. 
 With twenty gins we will the small birds take. 
 And pastime make. Sidnetf, 
 
 \\ hicii two, through treason and deceitful gin, 
 Hath slain sir Mordant. Spenser. 
 
 So strives the woodcock with the gin ; 
 So doth the coney struggle in the net. Shakesp. 
 
 Be it by gim, by snares, by subtilty. Hhakesp. 
 
 If those, who have but sense, can sliun 
 The engines that have them annoy 'd ; 
 
 Little for me had reason done, 
 If I could not thy gins avoid. Ben Jonson's Forest. 
 
 I know thy trains. 
 Though dc.jrly to my cost, thy ^ins and toils ; 
 No more on me have pow'r, tiieir force is null'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 He made a planetary gin, 
 W hicii rats would run Im ir own heads in. 
 And come on purpose to be taken, 
 Without Ih' expence of cheese and bacon. Hud. 
 
 Keep from flaying, scourge thy skin. 
 And ankle free from iron gin. Hudibras. 
 
 2. Any thing moved with screws, as an 
 engine of torture. 
 
 TyphEEus' joints were stretclied on a gin. Spens. 
 S. A pump worked by rotatory sails. 
 
 The delfs would be so flown with waters, it 
 being impossible to make any adits or soughs to 
 drain them, that no gins or manliines would suf- 
 fice to lay and keep them dry. Rau 
 
 A bituminous plate, alternately yellow arid 
 black, formed by water driveling on the outside of 
 the gin pump of Mostyu coalpits. H'ood. on Fern 
 
 4. [Contracted from Geneva, which see.] 
 The spirit drawn by distillation from 
 juniper berries. 
 
 This calls the church to deprecate our sin, 
 And hurls the thunder of our laws on gin. Pope. 
 Gin shops sourer sighs return. Pope. 
 
 Gl"SGER,n.s.[zinziber,Lat.ginge7-o,\ta\.i 
 
 GIN 
 
 The flower consists of five leaves, shaped some- 
 what like those of the iris : these are produced in 
 the head or club, each coming out of a separate 
 leafy scale. The ovary becomes a triangular fruit, 
 having three cells which contain seeds Milter. 
 
 The root of ginger is of the tuberous kind, 
 knotty, crooked, and irregular ; of a hot, acrid, 
 and pungent taste, though aromatick, and of a 
 very agreeable smell. The Indians eat both the 
 young shoots of the leaves and the roots them- 
 selves. _ Hill. 
 
 Or wafting ginger round the streets to go. 
 And visit alehouse where ye first did grow. Pope. 
 Gi'ngerbread. n. s. [ginger andbread.] 
 A kind of farinaceous sv/eetmeat made 
 of dough, like that of bread or biscuit, 
 sweetened with treacle, and flavoured 
 with ginger and some other aromatick 
 seeds. It is sometimes gilt. 
 
 An' 1 had but one penny in the world, thou 
 should'st have it to buy gingerbread. Shakcsp. 
 
 Her currants there and gooseberries were spread, 
 VVith the enticing gold oi gingerbread. King's Cook. 
 
 'Tis a loss you are not here, to partake of three 
 weeks frost, and eat gingerbread in a booth by a 
 fire upon the Thames. Swift. 
 
 Gi'ngerly. adv. [I know not whence 
 derived.] Cautiously ; nicely. 
 
 W hat is't that you 
 Took up so gingerly ? Sliakesp. 
 
 Gi'ngerness. n.s. Niceness; tender- 
 ness. Diet. 
 
 Gingival, adj. [gingiva, Lat] Be- 
 longing to the gums. 
 
 Whilst the Italians strive to cut a thread in their 
 pronunciation between D and T, so to sweeten it, 
 they make the occluse appulse, cs)tecially the gin- 
 giral, softer than we do, giving a little of pervi- 
 ousncss. Holder's Ftenients of' Speech. 
 
 To Gi'ngle. v. n. 
 
 1. To utter a sharp clattering noise ; to 
 utter a sharp noise in quick succession. 
 
 The foot grows black that was with dirt em- 
 brown'd. 
 And in thy pocket gitigling halfpence found. Gau. 
 
 Once, we confess, beneath the patriot's cloak, 
 From the crack'd bag the dropping guinea spoke, 
 And gingling down tlie backstairs, told the crew, 
 Old Cato is as great a rogue as yuu. Pope'sEpistlea. 
 
 2. To make an effected sound in periods 
 or cadence. 
 
 To Gi'ngle. v. a. To shake so that a sharp 
 
 shrill clattering noise should be made. 
 
 Her infant graiidame's whistle next it grew ; 
 
 The bells she gingled, and the whistle blew. Pope. 
 
 Gi'ngle. ?i. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A shrill resounding noise. 
 
 2. Affectation in the sound of periods. 
 Gi'ngLYMOID. adj. [yiyTit;^©' a hinge, 
 
 and siJ®-.] Resembling a ginglymus ; 
 approaching to a ginglymus. 
 
 The malleus lies along, fixed lo the tympanum, 
 and on the other end is joined lo the incus by a 
 double or giriglymoid JQiul. Holder. 
 
 Gi'nglymus. n. s. A mutual indenting 
 of two bones into each other's cavity, in 
 the manner of a hinge, of which the el- 
 bow is an assistance. Wiseman. 
 
 GiNNET. n.s. [yiVii©-.] A nag; a mule; 
 a degenerated breed. Hence, accord- 
 ing to some, but, I believe, erroneously, 
 a Spanish gennet, improperly written 
 for ginnet. 
 
 Gi'nseng. 7t. s. [I suppose Chinese.] A 
 root brought lately into Europe, of a 
 brownish colour on the outside, and 
 somewhat yellowish within ; and so pure 
 and fine, that it seems almost transparent. 
 
 GIR 
 
 It is of a very agreeable and aromaticJc 
 smell, though not very strong. Its taste 
 is acrid and aromatick, with somewhat 
 bitter in it. We have it from China and 
 America. The Chinese value this root 
 at three times it weight in silver. Hill. 
 
 To Gip. V. a. To take out the guts of 
 herrings. Bailey. 
 
 GI'PSY. n.s. [Corrupted from Egyptian; 
 for when they first appeared in Europe, 
 they declared, and, perhaps, truly, that 
 they were driven from L^gyptbytheTurks. 
 They are now mingled with all nations.] 
 
 1. A vagabond who pretends to foretell 
 futurity, commonly by palmestry or 
 physiognomy. 
 
 The butler, though he is sure to lose a knife, a 
 fork, or a spoon every time his fortune is told 
 him, shuts himself up in the pantry with an old 
 gipsy for above half an hour. Addison. 
 
 A'frantick gipsey now, the house he haunts, 
 And in wild phrases speaks dissembled wants.Pri. 
 
 In this still labyrinth around her He 
 Spells, philters, globes, and spheres of palmestry; 
 A sigil m his hand the gipseu bears. 
 In th' other a prophetic sieve and sheers. Garth. 
 
 I, near yon stile, three sallow gypsies met ; 
 Upon my hand they cast a poring look. 
 Bid me beware, and thrice their heads they shook. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 2. A reproachful name for a dark com- 
 plexion. 
 
 Laura, to her lady, was but a kitchen-wench ; 
 Dido a dowdy; Cleopatra a^W/isi/ ; Helen and Hero 
 hildiiigs and harlots. Shakesp. Romeo and Jut. 
 
 3. A name of slight reproach to a woman. 
 The widow piay'd Ihegi/psi/, and so did her con- 
 fidant too, in pretending to believe her. VFstr. 
 
 A slave I am to Clara s eyes : 
 The gipsy knows her pow'r, and flies. Prior. 
 
 Gi'rasole. n. s. [girasol, Fr.] 
 
 1. The herb turnsol. 
 
 2. The opal stone. 
 To GIRD. v.a. pret. girded, or girt, 
 
 [Sypban, Sax.] 
 
 1 . 'To bind round. 
 
 They sprinkled earth upon their heads, and 
 girded their loins with sackcloth. 2 Mac. x. 3. 
 
 2. To put on so as to surround or bind. 
 Cords of the bigness of pack threadwere fastened 
 
 to bandages, which the workmen had girt round 
 my neck. Swift. 
 
 3. To fasten by binding. 
 Heo-ii't hiswarlike harness abouthim.1 Mac. ill 25. 
 My bow and thunder, my almighty arms 
 
 Gird on, and sword upon thy puissant thigh. Mi7(. 
 
 No, let us rise at once, gird on our swords. 
 And, at the head of our remaining troo|)s. 
 Attack the foe. AddisMS Cato. 
 
 The combatant too late the field declines, 
 When now the sword is girded to his loins. Prim'. 
 
 4. To invest. 
 
 Stoop then, and set your knee against my foot; 
 And in reguerdon of that duty done, 
 I gird thee with the valiant sword of York. Shak. 
 
 The son appear'd. 
 Girt with omnipotence. Milton sParadise Lost. 
 
 5. To dress; to habit ; to clothe. 
 I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered 
 
 thee with silk. Eiek. xvi. 10. 
 
 Tysiphone there keeps the ward, 
 Girt in her sanguine "own, by night and ii*j 
 Observant of the souls that pass" the downward 
 way. Vryden. 
 
 6. To cover round as a garment. 
 These, with what skill tliey had, together sow'd. 
 
 To gird their waist : vain covering, if it hide 
 Their guilt, and dreaded shame I Milt. Par. Lost. 
 
 7. To furnish ; to equip. 
 So to the coast of Jordan he directs 
 
 His easy steps, girded with snaky wiles. Milton. 
 
 «08
 
 G I R 
 
 8. To inclose ; to encircle. 
 
 That Nysciau isle, 
 Girt with the river rriton, where old Cham 
 Hid Amaltlia, and her florid si»ii 
 Youiif^ Bacchus, iVuiu his stcpdaine llhea's eye. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 9. To reproach ; to gibe. 
 
 Beidg mov'd, he will not spare in gird the god. 
 
 6hakesp. 
 
 To Gird. v. n, [Of this word in this 
 sense I know not the oriii;inal ; it may 
 be formed by a very customary transpo- 
 sition from gride or mi,] To break a 
 scornful jest ; to gibe; to sneer. 
 
 This wondred error growtli 
 At whicii our criticks ^ird. Drayton. 
 
 ]\Ien of all sorts take a pride to gird at nic : the 
 brain of this foolish compounded cTav. nian, is nut 
 able to invent any thing that tends to lauj'hter 
 more than I invent, or is invented on me : I am 
 not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit 
 is in otfier men. Shakesp. Henri} IV. 
 
 Gird. n. s. [from the verb.] A twitch ; 
 a pang : it may come from the sensation 
 caused by a bandage or girdle drawn 
 hard suddenly. This word is now sel- 
 dom used, unless the former etymology 
 be admitted. 
 
 Sweet king ! the bishop hath a kindly gird : 
 Fcrsliame, my lord of Winchester, relent. Skak. 
 
 Conscience by this means is freed from many 
 fearful o-irrfsand twinges which the atheist feels. 
 
 Tiliotson. 
 
 He has the glory of his conscience, when he 
 doth well, to set against the checks and girds of 
 it when he doth amiss. Goodman. 
 
 Gi'rder. n. s. [from gird.] In archi- 
 tecture, the largest piece of timber m a 
 floor. Its end is usually fastened into 
 the summers, or breast summers, and 
 the joists are framed in at one arm to 
 the girders. Harris. 
 
 The girders are also to be of the same scantling 
 the summers and ground-plates are of, though the 
 back girder need not be so strong as the front 
 girder. Moions Mech. Eier. 
 
 These mighty girders which the fahrick bind. 
 These rihs robust and vast in order join'd. Blachn. 
 
 GIRDLE. 71, s. [synbe, Sax.] 
 
 1 . Any thing drawn round the waist, and 
 tied or buckled. 
 
 There will I make thee beds of roses, 
 YV'itli a thousand fragrant posies; 
 A cap of flowers, and a girdle, 
 Enibroider'd all with leaves of myrtle. Shakesp. 
 
 Many conceive there is somewhat amiss, until 
 tbev put on iheh girdle. Broun s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 On him his niantle, girdle, sword and bow, 
 On kirn his lieart and soul he did bestow. Cowley. 
 
 2. Enclosure ; circumference. 
 
 Suppose within the girdle of these walls 
 Are now confin'd two mighty monarchies. Shah. 
 
 3. The zodiack. 
 
 Great breezes in great circles, such as are under 
 the girdle of the world, do refrigerate. B:icon. 
 
 To Girdle, v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To gird; to bind as with a girdle. 
 
 Lay the gentle babes, girdling one another 
 Within their innocent alabaster arras. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To inclose ; to shut in ; to environ. 
 
 Those sleeping stones, 
 Tliat as a waist do girdle you about. Shakesp. 
 
 Let me look back upon thee, O thou wall, 
 That girdlest in tliose wolves ! Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 Gi'rdlebelt. n. s. [girdle and belt.] 
 The belt that incircles the waist. 
 
 Nor did his eyes less longingly behold 
 7he girdlebelt, with nails of burnish'd gold. Drijd. 
 
 Gi'rdler. n. «. [from girdle,] A maker 
 of girdles. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 G I T 
 
 G I RE. n.s. [ ffyrKv, Lat.] A circle describ- 
 ed by an)' thin'r in motion. See (JYRE. 
 GIRL. n. s. [;\boiit the etymology of 
 this word there is much question : Mcric 
 Cfismiben,:is is Iiis custom, derives it from 
 jcj^r of the same signification; Minshtw 
 from gurru/a, Lat.a prattler, or gircUa, 
 Ital. a weathercock ; Junhn thinks that 
 it comes from litrlodes, Welsh, from 
 which, says he, harlot is very easily de- 
 duced. Skinner imagines that the Saxons, 
 who used ceojil for a man, might als 
 liave ceopla for a woman, though no such 
 word is now foimd. Dr. Iltckts derives 
 it most probably from the Islandick knr- 
 linna a woman.] A young woman, or 
 female child. 
 
 In those unHcdg'd (lavs was m}' wife agir/. Shak. 
 
 I will love thee ne'er'the less, mv girl. Shakesp. 
 
 The socle Amphini.ichus, to field brought gold 
 
 to be his wracke, 
 
 Froude girle like, that doth everbeare her dowre 
 
 upon her backe. Chapman. 
 
 . A weather-beaten lover, but once known. 
 
 Is sport for every girl to practice on. Donne. 
 
 Tragedy sbuulr. blush as much to stoop 
 To the low ininiick follies of a farce, 
 As a grave malrun would to dance with^ffir/i. Rose. 
 
 A boy, like thee, would make a kingly line ; 
 But oh ! a girl, like her, must be divine f Dryden. 
 Gi'rlish. flrf/. [from girl.] Suiting a 
 girl ; youthful. 
 
 In her girlish age she kept sheep on the moor. 
 
 Caitii'. 
 
 Gi'rlishly. tfrfy. [from ^ir/j«A.] In a 
 girlish manner. 
 
 To GiRN. V. n. It seems to be a corrup- 
 tion o( grin. It is still used in Scotland, 
 and is applied to a crabbed, captious, 
 or peevish person. 
 
 Gir'rock. n. s. [acus vinjor.] A Kind 
 offish. Diet. 
 
 Girt. part. pass, [from To gii-d.] 
 
 To Girt. v. a. [from gird.] To gird; 
 to encompass ; to encircle. Not proper. 
 
 In the dread ocean, undulating wide 
 Beneath the radiant line that^irfs the globe. 
 
 Thorns. 
 
 Girt. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A band by which the saddle or burthen 
 is fixed upon the horse. 
 
 Here lies old Ilobson, ileafh hath broke his i^irf ; 
 And here, alas ! haih laid hiiu in the dirt. Milton. 
 
 2. A circular bandage. 
 
 The most common way of bandage is by that of 
 the^irf, which girt hath a bolster'in the middle, 
 and the ends are tacked firmly together. Wiseman. 
 
 Girth, n. s. [from gird.] 
 
 1. A band by which the saddle is fixed 
 upon the horse. 
 
 Or the saddle turii'd round, or the girths brake; 
 For low on the ground, woe for his sake, 
 The law is found. Ben Joiisons Underwoods. 
 
 Nor Pegasus could bear the load, 
 Along the high celestial road ; 
 The steed oppress'd, would break his gir(ft, 
 To raise the lumber from the earth. Swift. 
 
 IMordunto gallops on alone ; j 
 
 The roads are with his foU'wers strown ; % 
 
 This breaks a girth, and that a bone. Strift. » 
 
 2. Tlie compass measured by the girdle, 
 or enclosing bandage. 
 
 He's a lusty jully fellow that lives well, at least 
 three yards in the^irift. Addison' Freeholder. 
 
 To Girth, v. a. To bind with a girth. 
 To Gise Ground, v. a. Is when the owner 
 
 G I V 
 
 of it does not feed it with his own stock, 
 but takes in other cattle to graze. U ai I tj/, 
 
 Gi'sLE. Among the English Saxons, sig- 
 nifies a pledge : thus, Fredgisle is a 
 pledi;e of j)cace ; Gisltbert an illustri- 
 ous pledge, liKe tlie Greek tlomerus, 
 
 Gibs. Camden, 
 
 GiTH. n. s. [nigilla.] An herb called 
 Guinea pepper. 
 
 To GIVE. V. a. preter. gave ; part. pass. 
 given, [jipan. Sax.] 
 
 1. To bestow : to confer without any price 
 or reward ; not to sell. 
 
 1 had a ni:tslcr that gave me all I could ask, but 
 
 thought fit In take one thing from me again. TempU 
 
 Constant at church and change ; his gains were 
 
 sure, 
 
 His giiings rare, save farthing* lo the poor. Pope. 
 
 \\ hile tradesmen starve, these Philomels arc gay ; 
 
 Forgen'ruus lords had rather £-itc than pay. Strung. 
 
 Half useless doom d to live, 
 Pray'rs and advice are all I have to^^te. Ilarte. 
 
 2. To transmit from himself to another by 
 hand, speech, or writing ; to deliver. 
 
 The woman ^\hom thou gavest to be with me, 
 she ^ave me of the tree, ancTl did eat. Gen. iii. 12. 
 
 Tiiey were eating and drinking, marrying and 
 givingm marriage. Matt. xxiv. 58. 
 
 Those bills were printed not onlyevery week, but 
 also a general account of the whole year was^afu 
 in upon the Thursday before Christmas. Graunt. 
 
 \\ e shall ^Jie an account of these phenomena. 
 
 Btnmet. 
 
 Aristotle advises not poets to put things evident- 
 ly false Hnd impossible into their poems, i\>tr gii^s 
 them license to run out into wildness. Brooine. 
 
 3. To put into one's possession ; to con- 
 sign ; to impart ; to communicate. 
 
 Give us of your oil, for our lamps are gone out. 
 
 Matt. XXV. 
 
 Nature gives us many children and friends, to 
 take them away ; but takes none away to giie 
 ihem us agahi. Temple. 
 
 Give me, says Archimedes, where to stand firm. 
 and I will remove the earth. Temptt. 
 
 If the asreement of men first gave a sceptre into 
 any one's Viands, or put a crown on Ins head, that 
 almost muit direct its conveyance. Lccke. 
 
 4. To pay as a price or reward, or in ex- 
 change. 
 
 All tliat a man hath will he giK for his life.Jofc,ii.'i. 
 
 If you did know to whom I gave the ring. 
 If you did know for whom l gave the ring, 
 And would conceive for what I ^ave the rin^ 
 And how unwillini:ly 1 left the rnig, 
 Vou would abate (he strength of your displeasure. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He would give his nuts for a piece of metal, and 
 exchange }jis sheep for shells, or wool for a 5pa:k- 
 ling pebble. Loc'.e. 
 
 5. To yielii ; not to withhold. 
 Philip, Alexander'sfather, gave sentence againr*. 
 
 a prisoner at a time ho was drowsy, andseemed to 
 give small attention. The prisoner, after sentence 
 was pronounced, said, I appeal : the king, some 
 what stirred, said. To whom do you appeal r Tt.» 
 prisoner answered, from Pliilip, when he^nre no 
 ear, to Philip, when he s\\a}\ give ear. Bacon sApopht. 
 Consiantia accused herself for having so taiuely 
 given an ear to the proposal. Addistm s Spectator. 
 
 6. To quit; to yield as due. 
 Give place, thou stranErer, to an honourable roan. 
 
 7. To confer ; to impart. 
 I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her. 
 
 Gen. xvii. 
 
 Nothing can give that to another which it hath 
 not itself. Bramh. against IL^bes. 
 
 ^Vhat beauties I lose in some places, I give to 
 others which had them not originally. Druden. 
 
 S. To expose ; to yield without retention. 
 
 Ail clad iti skins of beasts the Jav'lin bear ; 
 Give to the wiintoa winds their flowing hair. Dryd. 
 
 5 L 
 
 8C9
 
 G I V 
 
 0, To grant ; to allow. 
 
 'Tis given m& once again to behold my friend. 
 
 Roue. 
 He Las not given Luther fairer play. Atterbury. 
 
 10. To yield ; not to deny. 
 
 1 gave his wise proposal way ; 
 Nay, urg'd him to go on : the shallow fraud 
 Will ruin him. Rowe's Ambitious Stepmother. 
 
 11. To afford ; to supply. 
 
 This o])iiiion abated the fear of death in them 
 which were so resolved, and gave them courage to 
 ail adventures. Hooker. 
 
 dive us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that 
 we may sacrifice unto the Lord. Ex. x. 25. 
 
 12. To empower ; to commission. 
 
 Prepare 
 The due libation and the solemn pray'r ; 
 'I'heu give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 13. To enable. 
 
 God himself requireth the lifting up of pure 
 hands in prayers ; and hath gioeii the world to 
 understand, that the wicked, although they cry, 
 shall not be heard. Hooker. 
 
 Give me to know 
 How this foul rout began, who set it on. Shak. 
 So some weak shoot, which else would poorly rise, 
 Jove's tree adopts, and lifts into the skies ; 
 Through the new pupil fost'ring juices flow, 
 Thrust fonli the gems, and give the flow'rs to blow. 
 
 Ticket. 
 
 14. To pay. 
 
 The applause ax\d approbation I give to both 
 your speeches. Shakesp. 3Voi/u5 ayid Cressida. 
 
 15. To utter ; to vent ; to pronounce. 
 
 So you mast be the first that giues this sentence, 
 And he that suffers. Shakesp. Measure for Meas. 
 
 The Rhodians seeing their enemies turn their 
 backsjgai'e a great shout in derision of them. A''7io//es. 
 
 Let the first honest discoverer give the word 
 about, that Wood's half-pence have been offered, 
 and caution the poor people not to receive thera. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 16. To exhibit; to shew. 
 
 This instance ^ires the impossibility of an eter-j 
 iial existence in any thing essentially alterable OT 
 corruptible. Hale. 
 
 17. To exhibit as the product of a calcula- 
 tion. 
 
 The number of men being divided by the num- 
 ber of ships, gives four hundred and twenty-four 
 men a-piece. Arbuthnot. 
 
 18. To do any act of which the conse- 
 quence reaches others. 
 
 As we desire to give iio offence ourselves, so 
 neither shall we take any at the difference of 
 judgment in others. Burnet. 
 
 19. To exhit ; to send forth as odours 
 from any body. 
 
 In oranges the ripping of the rind giveth out 
 their smell more. Bacon. 
 
 20. To addict ; to apply. 
 
 The Helots, of the other side, sliutting their 
 gates, gavt themselves to bury their dead, to cure 
 their wounds, and rest their wearied bodies. Sidney. 
 
 After man began to grow to number, the first 
 thing we read tney gave themselves into, was the 
 tilling of the earth and the feeding of cattle. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Groves and hill-altars were dangerous, in re- 
 gard of the secret access which people, supersti- 
 tiousiy ^yen, might have always thereunto with 
 ease. Hooker. 
 
 The duke is virtuous, mild,' and too well given 
 To dream on evil, or to work my downfal. Shakesp. 
 
 Fear him not, Caesar, he's not dangerous : 
 He is a noble Roman, and well^-ii-e?!. Sitakcsp. 
 
 His name is Falstaff: if that man should be 
 lewdly given, he deceives me j for, Harry, I see 
 virtue in his looks. Sltakesp. 
 
 Huniades, the scourge of the Turks, was dead 
 long before ; so was also Mathias : after whom 
 succeeded others, given all to pleasure and ease. 
 
 Knolles's Hist. 
 
 Though he was given to pleasure, yet he was 
 likewise desirous ot glory. Bacons Henry VII. 
 
 G I V 
 
 He that giveth his mind to the law of the most 
 High, will seek out the wisdom of all the an- 
 cients. Eccles. xxxix. 1. 
 
 He is much given to contemplation, and the 
 viewing of this theatre of the world. 
 
 Mffre against Ath. 
 
 They who gave themselves to warlike action 
 and enterprises, went immediately to the place of 
 Odin. Temple. 
 
 Men are given to this licentious humour of scoff- 
 ing at personal blemishes and defects. L'Esfran^e. 
 
 Besides, he is to much given to horseplay in 
 his raillery ; and comes to battle, like a dictator 
 from the plough. Dryden. 
 
 I have some business of importance with her; 
 
 but her husband is so horribly given to be jealous. 
 
 Dryden s Spanish Fryar. 
 
 What can I refuse to a man so charitably given ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 21. To resign ; to yield up. 
 
 Finding ourselves in the midst of the greatest 
 wilderness of waters, without victual, we ^-ai'e our- 
 selves for lost men, and prepared for death. Bacon. 
 
 Who say, I care not, those 1 give for lost ; 
 And to instruct them will not quil the cost. Herbert. 
 
 Virtue giv'n for lost, 
 Deprest and overthrown, as seem'd j 
 Like that self-begotten bird 
 From out her ashy womb now teem'd. M.ilt. Ago. 
 
 Since no deep within her gulph can liold 
 Immortal vigour, though oppress'd and fali'n, 
 I ^e not Heaven for lost. Miltojis Paradise Lost. 
 Tor a man to give his name to Christianity in 
 those days, was to list himself a martyr. South. 
 
 Ours gives himself' ior gone ; you've watch'dyour 
 time. 
 He fights this day unarm'd, without his rhyme. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The parents, after a long search for the body, 
 gave him for drowned in one of the canals. Addis. 
 
 As the hinder feet of the horse stuck to the 
 mountain, while the body reared up in the air, the 
 poet with great difficulty kept himself from slid- 
 ing off his back, in so much that the people gave 
 him for gone. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 22. To conclude ; to suppose. 
 
 Whence came you here, friend, and whither 
 bound ? 
 All gave yon lost on far Cyclopean ground. Gmfft. 
 
 23. To give away. To alienate from one's 
 self ; to make over to another : to transfer. 
 
 The more he got, the more he shewed that he 
 
 fave away to his new mistress, when he betrayed 
 is promises to the former. Sidney. 
 
 If you shall marr}^ 
 You giiye away this hand, and that is mine ; 
 You give away heav'n's vows, and those are mine : 
 You give away myself, which is known mine. Shak. 
 
 Honest company, 1 thank you all. 
 That have beheld me give away myself 
 To this most patient, sweet,and virtuous wife. S/tafr. 
 
 I know not how they sold themselves ; but thou, 
 like a kind fellow, ^uu'st thyself ait-au gratis, and 
 1 thank thee for thee. " Skakesp.Henry W. 
 
 Love gives away all things, that so he may ad- 
 vance tlie interest of the beloved person. Taylor. 
 
 But we who give OUT native rights away 
 And our enslav d posterity betray, 
 Are now reduc'd to bcggin aims, and go, 
 On holidays to see a puopet-show. Dryd. Jnv. 
 
 Alas, said I, man was made in vain! How is he 
 given away to misery and mortality '. Addison. 
 
 Theodosius made a private vow never to inquire 
 after Constantia, wliom he looked upon as gipen 
 away to his rival, upon the day on which their 
 marriage was to have, seen solemnized. Addison. 
 
 Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses, during 
 our lives, is given away from ourselves ; what we 
 bequeath at our death, is given from others only, 
 as our nearest relations. Atterbury. 
 
 24. To give back. To return ; to restore. 
 
 Their vices perlmps give back all those advan- 
 tages wliich their victories procured. Atterbury. 
 
 25. To give forth. To publish; to tell. 
 
 Soon after it was given forth, and believed bv 
 many, that the king was dead. Haywarti. 
 
 26. To give the hand. To yield pre-emi- 
 nence, as being subordinate or inferior. 
 
 G I V 
 
 Lessons being free from some inconveniences, 
 whereunto sermons are more subject, they may in 
 this respect no less take than in others they must 
 give the hand, whicli hetokeneth pre-eminence. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 27. To give over. To leave ; to quit ; to 
 cease. 
 
 Let novelty therefore in this give over endless 
 contradictions, and let ancient customs prevail. 
 
 Hooker 
 
 [t may be done rather than that be given over. 
 
 Hooher. 
 Never give her o'er , 
 For scorn at first makes after love the nior 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 If Desdcmona will return me my jev^els, I will 
 give over my suit, and repent my unlawful solici- 
 tations. Shakesp. Othelb. 
 
 All the soldiers, from the higliest to the lowest, 
 had solemnly sworn to defend tiie city, and not to 
 give it orcrunto the last man. Knotles's History. 
 
 Those troops wliich were levied, have ff^yen over 
 the prosecution of the war. Clarend&n. 
 
 But worst of all to give her over, 
 'Till she's as desperate to recover. Hudihrai. 
 
 A woman had a hen that laid every day an 
 egg ; she fancie'i that upon a larger allowance this 
 hen might lay twice a day ; but the hen grew fat, 
 and gave quite orer laying. UKstrange. 
 
 Many have given over their pursuits after fame, 
 either from the disappointments they have met, 
 or from their experience of the little pleasure 
 which attends it. Addiso^i's Spectator. 
 
 28. To give over. To addict ; to attach to. 
 
 Zelraane, govern and direct me : for I am 
 wholly given o}:er unto thee. Sidney. 
 
 When the Babylonians liad given themselves 
 over to all manner of vice, it was time for the 
 Lord, who had set up that empire, to pull it 
 down. Grew. 
 
 I used one thing ill, or gave myself so much 
 over to it as to neglect what 1 owed either to God 
 or the world. Temple. 
 
 29. To give over. To conclude lost. 
 
 Since it is lawful to practise upon them that 
 are forsaken and given over, I will adventure to 
 prescribe to you. Suckling. 
 
 'Tis not amiss, ere y* are givn o'er, 
 To try one desp'rate med'cine more : 
 And where your case can be no worse. 
 The desp'ratest is the wisest course. Hitdibras. 
 
 The abbess, finding that the physicians had 
 given her over, told her that Theodosius was just 
 gone before her, and had sent her his benediction. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Her condition was now quite desperate, all re- 
 gular physicians, and her nfearestrelations, having 
 given her over. _ ArhiUhnot. 
 
 Yet this false comfort never gives him o'er, • — 
 That.whilst he creepsjhisvig'rous thoughts can soar. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Not one foretells I shall recover ; 
 But all agree to give me over. Swift. 
 
 30. To give over. To abandon. 
 
 The duty of uniformity throughout all churches, 
 in all manner of indifferent ceremonies, will be 
 very hard, and therefore best to give it otier. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Abdemelech, as one weary of the world, gave 
 over all, and betook himself to a solitary life, and 
 became a monk. Knolles. 
 
 Sleep hath forsook, and giv'n me o'er 
 To death's benumbing opium, as my only cure. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The cause for which we fought and swore 
 So boldly, shall we now give oer? Hudibrai. 
 
 31. To siie out. To proclaim ; to publish ; 
 to utter. 
 
 The fathers give it out for a rule, that whatso- 
 ever Christ is said in .Script'ire to have received, 
 the same we ought to apply only to the manhood 
 of Christ. Hooker. 
 
 It is given out, that, sleeping in my orchard, 
 A serpent stung me. So the whole ear of Denmark 
 Is, by a forged process of my death, 
 Rankly abused. . Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 One that gives out himself prince Florizel, 
 Son of Polixenes, with his princess. Shakesp. 
 
 810
 
 G I V 
 
 It hath been given out, by an hy|iocritic!il tliicf. 
 who was the first master of my sKip, that I carried 
 with me out of England lweiitj-t»o thuusaud 
 pieces of twenty-two shillings per piece. 
 
 Rakigh. 
 
 He gaie out general summons for the assembly 
 of his council for the wars. KnMei's Historti. 
 
 The night was distinguished by the orders 
 which he Face ni/t to his army, tli;it they should 
 forbear air insulting of their enemies. Addisim. 
 
 32. To give out. To show in false ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 His giiiiigs out were of an infinite distance 
 Frum his true meant desi>ni- Shakesp. 
 
 She that, so young, could giieout such a seeming, 
 To seal her father's eyes up close as oak. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 33. To give np. To resign ; to quit; to 
 yield. 
 
 The people, weary of the miseries of war, would 
 ^lehim up, if theysaw him shrink. itidmy. 
 
 He has betray 'd" your business, and giien up, 
 For certain drops of salt, your city Rome. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The sun, breaking out with his cheerful beams, 
 revived many, before ready to give up the ghost 
 for cold, and gave comfort to them all. 
 
 KnoUes's Historit. 
 
 He found the lord Hopton in trouble for tfie 
 loss of the regiment of foot at Alton, and with the 
 unexpected assurance of the giving up of Arundel- 
 Cdstle. Clarendon. 
 
 L£t us ^*ic ourselves wholly up to Christ in 
 heart and desire. Taylor's Rule if Living Holy. 
 
 Such an expectation will never come to pass ; 
 therefore I'll e en give it tip and go and fret my- 
 self. Collier against Despair. 
 
 1 can give up to the historians of^your country 
 the names of so many generals and lieroes w hicli 
 crowd their annals. _ Dryden. 
 
 He declares himself to be now satisfied to the 
 contrary, in which he has given up the cause. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The leagues made between several states dis- 
 owning air claim to the land in the other's posses- 
 sion, nave, by common consent, given up their 
 pretences to tneir natural right. Locke. 
 
 If they give them iip to their reasons, then they 
 with them give up all truth and farther enquiry, 
 and think there is no such thing as certainty. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 \Ve should see him give up again to the wild 
 common of nature, whatever was more than would 
 supply the conveniences of life. Locke. 
 
 Juba's surrender, since his father's death. 
 Would give up .'Vfrick into Ctesar's hands. 
 And make him lord of half the burning zone. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Learn to be honest men, give up your leaders. 
 And pardon shall descend on all the rest. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 A popish priest threatened to excommunicate 
 a Northumberland squire, if he did not give up to 
 him the church lands. Addison. 
 
 He saw the celestial deities acting in a confe- 
 deracy against him, and immediately gave up a 
 cause which was excluded from all possibility of 
 
 G I V 
 
 success. Addison s Freeholder. 
 
 An old gentleman, who had been engaged in 
 an argument with the emperor, upon his friend's 
 telling him he wonderea he would ?it'e up the 
 question when he had the better, I am never 
 ashamed, says he, to be confuted by one who is 
 master of fifty legions. Addison. 
 
 He may be brought to give up the clearest evi- 
 dence. Atterbury. 
 
 The constant health and longevity of men must 
 be given up also, as a groundless conceit. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 Have the physicians gii'n up all their hopes ? 
 Cannot they add a few days to a monarch ? 
 
 Roue. 
 
 These people were obliged to demand peace, 
 end ^iie up to the Romans all their possessions in 
 Sicily. Arhuthnot 
 
 Every one w)io will not ask for the conduct of 
 God in the study of religion, has just reason to 
 fear he shall be left of God, and giten up a prey- 
 to a thousand prejudices, that he shall be consigri- 
 edover to the follies of his own heart. Watts. 
 
 Give yourselves up to some hours of leisure. 
 
 WaUs. 
 
 34. To give up. To abandon. 
 If any be given up to believe l^'es, some must 
 
 be first given up to tell them. Slillingjieet. 
 
 Our minds naturally give themselves up to 
 every diversion which they are much accustomed 
 to ; and we always find that play, when followed 
 with assiduity, engrosses the whole woman. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 A good poet no sooner communicates his works, 
 but it is imagined he is a vain young creature given 
 up to the ambition of fame. Pope. 
 
 I am obliged at this time to gii>e i/p my whole 
 application ttj Homer. Pope. 
 
 Persons, who, through misfortunes, chiise not 
 to dress, should not, however, giuc up neatness. 
 
 Clarissa 
 
 35. To gire up. To deliver. 
 
 And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the 
 people to the king. a Sam. xxiv. 9. 
 
 His accounts were confused, and he could nt>t 
 then give them up. Swift. 
 
 36. To give way. To yield; not to re- 
 sist ; to make room for. 
 
 Private respects, with him, gat'e u-ay to the 
 common good. Careir. 
 
 Perpetual pushing and assurance put a difficulty 
 out of countenance, and make a seeming impos- 
 sibility giie uay. Collier. 
 
 Scarce had he spokenwhen the cloud gaveway; 
 The mists flew upwards, and dissolv'd in day. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 His golden helm gives ivay with stony blow's, 
 Batter d and flat, and beaten to his brows. Dryd. 
 
 37. The word give is used with great la.\- 
 ity, the general idea is that of trans- 
 mitting from one to another- 
 
 To Give. v. n. 
 
 1. To rush ; to fall on ; to give the assault. 
 A phrase merely Trench, and not worthy 
 of adoption. 
 
 Your orders come too late, the fight's begun ; 
 The enemy o-ii'fs mi with fury led. Dri/den. 
 
 Hannibal give upon the Ffomans. Hooke. 
 
 2. "To relent ; to grow moist ; to melt or 
 soften ; to thaw. 
 
 Some things are harder when they come from 
 the fire, and afterwards give apiii, and grow- 
 soft ; as tlie crust of bread, bisket, sweetmeats, 
 and salt. Bacons Natural History. 
 
 Only a sweet and virtuous soul, 
 Like season'd timber never gives ; 
 
 But thougli the whole world turn to coal. 
 Then chiefly lives. _ Herbert. 
 
 Unless it is kept in a hot house, it will so give 
 again, that it wi]l be little better than raw malt. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Before you carry your large cocks in, open 
 them once, and spread them : hay is apt to gire 
 in the cock. Mortimer. 
 
 3. To move. A French phrase. 
 
 Up and down he traverses his ground. 
 Then nimbly shifts a thrust, then lends a wound ; 
 Now back he^'i-es, then rushes on amain. 
 
 Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 4. To give in. To go back ; to give away. 
 Not in use. 
 
 The charge was given w-itli so well governed 
 fury, that the left corner of the Scots battalion 
 was enforced to give in. Hayu-ard. 
 
 5. To gire into. [A Frencli phrase.] To 
 adopt ; to embrace. 
 
 This is a geogiaphy particular to the medalists ; 
 
 the poets, however, have sometimes given in to it, 
 
 and furnish us with very good lights for the e.v 
 
 plication of it. 
 Ti.:„ ;.i 
 
 G I Z 
 
 6. To gire off. To cease ; to forbear. 
 
 The punishment would be kept from being too 
 much, if we gave off as soon as we perceived tliat 
 it reaches the mind. Locke. 
 
 Addison on Medals. 
 
 This consideration may induce a translator to 
 giie in to those general phrases, which have at- 
 tained a veneration in our language from being 
 used in the Old Testament. I'ope. 
 
 The whole body of the people are either stu- 
 pidly negligent, or else giving in with all their 
 inigfit to those very practices that are working 
 their destructiuik. Su-ijt. [ 
 
 7. To gire over. To cease ; to act no more. 
 
 If they will speak to the purpose, they must 
 give over, and stand upon sucn particulars only a» 
 they can shew we have either added or abrogated, 
 otherwise than wc ought, in the matter of church 
 polity. Hooker. 
 
 Neither hath Christ, thro' union of lioth na- 
 tures, incurred the damage of cither , lest, by being 
 burn a man, we should think he hath given over 
 to be God, or that because he continued God, 
 therefore he cannot be man also. Hooker. 
 
 Give not o'er so ; to him again : intreat him 
 Kneel down before him, hang upon his gown , 
 You are too cold. Shakesp. Measure/or Measure. 
 
 The state of human actions is so variable, that 
 to try things oft, and never to give over, doth 
 wonders. Bacon s yatural History. 
 
 Demetrius, king of Macedon, had a petition 
 otfercd him divers times by an old woman, and 
 still answered he had no leisure; whereupon the 
 woman said aloud, Why then give over to be king. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 So Satan, whom repulse upon repulse 
 Met ever, and to shameful silence Drought 
 Yet gives not o'er, thouah desperate of success. 
 
 Shall we kindle all this flame 
 Only to put it out again ? 
 
 -Vnd must we now- give o'er. 
 And only end where we begun' 
 In vain this mischief we have done. 
 
 If we can do no more. Denham 
 
 It would be well for all authors, if they knew 
 when to give over, and to desist from any farther 
 pursuits after fame. Addison. 
 
 He coined again, and w-as forced to give oxer 
 for the same reason. Sunf 
 
 8. To give out. To publish ; to pro- 
 claim. 
 
 Simon bewitched the people of Samaria, giving 
 ful that himself was some great one. Acts, viii. 9! 
 
 Julius Caesar laid asleep Poropey's preparations, 
 by a fame that he cunningly gave out how- Caisar'i 
 own soldiers loved him not. Bacon. 
 
 Your ill-wishers will give out you are now going 
 to quit your school. Sidft. 
 
 9. To give out. To cease ; to yield. 
 We are the earth ; and they, 
 
 Like moles within us, heave and cast about : 
 And 'till they foot and clutch their prey ; 
 
 They never cool, much less give out. Herbeit. 
 
 j\fadam, I always believ'dyou so stout. 
 
 That for twenty denials you would not give out* 
 
 Sinft. 
 
 Gi'vER. n. s. [from give.] One that 
 gives; donor; bestower ; distributor; 
 granter. 
 
 Well we may atlord 
 Onrgirers their own gins. Milton's Par. Lott. 
 
 By thee how fairly is the giver now 
 Repaid ? But gratitude m thee is lost 
 Long since. Milton's Paradise Regained. 
 
 I have not liv'd since first 1 heard the news ; 
 The gift the guilty giver doth accuse. Dryden. 
 
 Both giftsdeslluctive to the givers prove ; 
 Alike both lovers fall by those they lore. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Gives, n. j. Fetters or shackles for the 
 
 feet. 
 Gl'zzARD. 71. s. [gtsier, Fr. gigerit 
 
 Lat.] It is sometimes called gizzati. 
 I. The strong musculous stomach of a 
 
 fowl. 
 
 Fowls have two ventricles, and pick up stones 
 to convey them into tlieir second ventricle, ih« 
 gizzeme. More. 
 
 In birds there is no mastication in the mouth ; 
 but in such as are not carnivorous, it is imnw- 
 diately swallowed iiitti the crop, a kind of ant"- 
 stomacb, where it is moistened by some proper 
 juice from the glandules distilling ui there, and 
 
 811
 
 G L A 
 
 thence transfereil into the gizzard, or musculous 
 stomach. -R^V- 
 
 They nestle near the throne, 
 Bj tlieir high corps and corny gizzards known. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. It is proverbially used for apprehension 
 or conception of mind : as, he frets his 
 gizzard, lie harrasses his imagination. 
 
 But that which does iHem greatest harm. 
 Their spiritual gizzards arc to warm ; 
 Whicli puts the overlieated sots 
 In fevers still. Hiidihras. 
 
 Satisfaction and restitution lie so cMrsedly hard 
 upon the gizzards of our puhlicans, that their 
 hlood is not half so dear to them as the treasure 
 in their cotl'ers. L'Estrange. 
 
 CiLABRiTY. ji. s. [from glaher, Lat.] 
 Smoothness ; baldness. Diet. 
 
 Glacial. fl«?/. [g/acial, Fr. ghcialis, 
 Lat.] Icy; made of ice ; frozen. 
 
 To GLACIATE, v. n. [g/acics, Lat. 
 glucer, Fr.] To turn into ice. 
 
 Glacia'tion. n. s. [from glaciate.] The 
 act of turning into ice ; ice formed. 
 
 Ice is plain upon tlie surface of water, but 
 'ound in hail, which is also a glaciation, and fi- 
 gured in its guttulous descent from the air. 
 
 Brown s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Gla'cious. adj. [glacio, Lat.] Icy; 
 resembling ice. 
 
 Although e.xhaled and placed in cold conser- 
 vatories, it will crystallize and shoot into glacioiis 
 hndies. Broun s I'lilg. F.rr 
 
 GLACIS, n. s. [Fr.] In fortification, 
 a sloping bank. It is more especially 
 taken for that which rangeth from the 
 parapet of the covered way to the level 
 on the side of the field. Harris. 
 
 GLAD. adj. [^laeb. Sax. glad, Dan.] 
 
 1. Cheerful ; gay ; in a state of hilarity. 
 
 They blessed the king, and went unto their 
 'ents joyful and glad of heart. 1 Kings, viii. 66. 
 
 iUad we return d up to the coasts of light. Mitt. 
 
 The wily adder blithe andgiad. Milton. 
 
 '1 hither they 
 Hasted with glad precipitance. Milton. 
 
 2. Wearing a gay appearance ; fertile ; 
 bright ; showy. 
 
 The wilderness and the solitary place shall be 
 glad for them, and the desart shall rejoice and 
 blossom as the rose. Isaiah, x.\xv. 
 
 Then first adorn'd 
 With tlieir bright luminaries, that set and rose. 
 Glad Ev'ning and glad Morn crown'd the fourth 
 day. Milton. 
 
 S. Pleased ; elevated with joy. It has ge- 
 nerally of, sometimes at or tvifk before 
 the cause of gladness : perhaps of is most 
 proper, when the cause of joy is some- 
 tliino gained or possessed ; and at or 
 with, when it is some accident befallen 
 himself or another. 
 I am glad to see your worship. Skakesp. 
 
 He hath an uncle in Messia will he very much 
 glad of il. .^akrsp. 
 
 He that is glad at calamities shall not be un- 
 punished. Proverbs. 
 
 He glad 
 Of her attention, gained with serpent tongue. 
 Ills fradulent temptation thus began. Milton. 
 
 If he be my enemy, let him triumph ; if he be 
 niy friend, he will be glad of my repentance. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The gaping wound gush'd out a crimson flood j 
 The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. 
 His fauchion drew. Drijdens jEn. 
 
 Glad ofa. quarrel strait I clap the door. Pope. 
 4. Pleasing ; exhilarating. 
 Her conversation 
 More glad tu ne than to a miser money is. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 G L A 
 
 5. Expressing gladness. 
 
 Hark ! a glad voice ihe lonely desert cheers : 
 Prepare the way, a God, a God appears! Pope. 
 
 6. It is used in a familiar sense, approach- 
 ing to ludicrousness. 
 
 I would be glad to learn from those who pro- 
 nounce that the human soul always thinks^ how 
 they know it. Locke. 
 
 To Glad. v. a, [from the adjective.] To 
 make glad ; to cheer ; to exhilarate. 
 
 He saw rich nectar-thaws release the rigour 
 ,Of tir icy North ; from frost-bound Adas hands 
 
 His adamantine fetters fail : green vigour 
 Gladding the Scythian rocks, and Lybian sands. 
 
 Crashaw. 
 It glads me 
 To see so many virtues thus united, 
 To restore justice and dethrone oppression. Otway. 
 Each drinks the juice that giads the heart of 
 man. Pope. 
 
 If justice Philips' costive head 
 Some frigid rhymes disburses, 
 
 The3' shall like Persian tales be read. 
 And glad both babes and nurses. Swiji 
 
 To Gla'dden. V, a. [from ^lad.] To 
 cheer; to delight; to make p\ad ; to 
 exhilarate. 
 
 Oh, he was all made up of love and charms ! 
 Delight of every eye! When he appear'd, 
 A secret pleasure gladden d all that saw him 
 
 Addison. 
 A kind of vital hea-t in the soul cheers and glad- 
 dens her, when she does not attend to it. 
 
 A-ddison^s Spectator. 
 
 Gladder, w. s, [from glad.] One that 
 makes glad^; one that gladdens ; one 
 that exhiliriates. 
 
 Ihou gladder of the mount of Cytheron, 
 H:ive pity, goddess. Dnjden. 
 
 Glade, n. s. [from glopan to be hot, or 
 to shine ; whence the Danish glod, and 
 the obsolete English gletd a red hot 
 coal.] A lawn or opening in a wood. 
 liucus. It is taken for an avenue 
 through a wood, whether open or shaded, 
 and has therefore epithets of opposite 
 mean ing. 
 
 So flam'd his eyen with rage and rancorous ire; 
 But far within, as in a hollow glade. 
 Those glaring lamps were set, that made a dread- 
 ful shade. Spenser. 
 
 Lo wlieie they spy'd, how in a gloomy glade 
 The lion sleeping, lav in secret shade. Hubberd. 
 
 O might I here 
 In solitude live savage, in someglade 
 Obscur'd, where hignest woods, impenetrable 
 To star or sun-iight, spread their umbrage broad. 
 And brown as evening. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 When any, favour'd of high Jove, 
 Chances to pass through this adveniarous glade, 
 Swift as a sparkle of a glancing star 
 I shoot from heav'n to give liira save convoy. 
 
 Miltmi. 
 
 For noonday's heat are closer arbours made. 
 And for fresh ev'ning air the op'ner glade. Dryd. 
 
 ITiere interspersed in lawns and opeu'me glades ; 
 Thin trees arise that shun each other s shades Pope. 
 
 By the heroes armed shades 
 Glitt'ring through the gloomy glades ; 
 By the youths that dy d for love, 
 Wand'nng in the myrtle grove, 
 Restore, restore Eurydice to life ! 
 Oh ! take tlie husband or restore the wife ! Pope. 
 
 She smil'd, array'd 
 With all the charms of sun-shine, stream andglade. 
 New drest and blooming as a bridal maid. Harte. 
 
 Gla'den. \ n. 5. [from gladius, Lat. a 
 
 Gla'der. J sword.] Sword-grass : a 
 
 general name of plants that rise with a 
 
 broad blade like sedge. Junius. 
 
 Gla'dfulness. n, s, [glad and fulness.] 
 
 Joy; gladness. Obsolete. 
 
 G L A 
 
 And there him rests in riotous suffisance 
 Of all his gladfulness, and kingly joyance. Spenier. 
 
 Gladiator, n. s. [Lat. gladiateur, 
 Fr.] A swordplayer ; a prizefighter. 
 
 Then whilst his foe each gladiator foils, 
 The atheists, looking on, enjoys the spoils. 
 
 «... . Denham. 
 
 Besides, in gratitude for such high matters, 
 Know I have vow'd two hundreil gladiators. 
 _, , 7 « Dryden. 
 
 ULA DLY. adv. [from glad.] Joyfully ; 
 with gayety ; with merriment ; with 
 triumph ; with exultation. 
 
 For his particular, I'll receive himgladly ; 
 But not one follower. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 \ou are goino to set us right : and 'tis an ad- 
 vantage every body will gladly see you engrow 
 the glory of. Blount to Popt. 
 
 Gla'dness. n. 5. [fromg-/arf.] Cheer- 
 fulness ; joy ; exultation. 
 
 By such degrees the spreading gWnea grew 
 In every heart, which fear had froze before : 
 
 The standing streets with so much joy they view. 
 That with less grief the perish'd they deplore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gla'dsome. adj. [from glad.] 
 
 1. Pleased; gay; delighted. 
 
 The highest angels to and fro descend. 
 From highest heaven ingladsnne company. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 The gladsome ghost in circling troops attend. 
 And with unweary'd eyes behold their friend. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. Causing joy ; having an appearance of 
 gayety. 
 
 Each mom they wak'd mc with a sprightly lay ; 
 Of opening heav n they sung and gladsome day. 
 
 Prim: 
 
 Gla'dsomely. adv. [from gladsome.] 
 
 With gayety and delight. 
 Gla'dsomeness. n. s. [from gladsome.] 
 
 Gayety ; showyness ; delight. 
 Glaire. n. s. [jla^ji. Sax. amber; glar, 
 
 Dan. glass; glaire, Fr. glarea, Lat.] 
 J . The white of an egg. 
 
 Take the ^(aire of eggs, and strain it as short 
 
 as water. Peacham. 
 
 2. A kind of halbert. Did. 
 
 To GlaiRE. «;. a. [glairer, Fr. from the 
 
 noun.] To smear with the white of an 
 
 egg. This word is still used by the 
 
 bookbinders. 
 GLANCE, n. s. [ glantz, Germ, glitter.] 
 
 1. A sudden shoot of light or splendour. 
 
 His off 'ring soon propitious fire from heav'n 
 Consum'd with nimble glance, and grateful steam . 
 The other's not ; for his was not sincere. Milton 
 
 2. A stroke or dart of the beam of sight. 
 
 The aspects which procure love are not gazings, 
 but sudden ^/ances and dartings of the eye. Bacon. 
 
 There are of those sort of beauties which last but 
 for a moment ; some particularity of a violent pas- 
 sion, some graceful action, a smile, a glance of an 
 eye, a disdainful look, and a look of gravity. Z)ri/rf. 
 
 Boldly she look'd, like one of high degree • 
 Yet never seem'd to cast a glance on me ; 
 At which I inly joy 'd, for truth to say, 
 I felt an unknown awe, and some dismay. Hartt. 
 
 3. A snatch of sight ; a quick view. 
 
 The ample mind takes a survey of several ob- 
 jects with one glance. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 To Glance, v. u. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To shoot a sudden ray of splendour. 
 He double blows about him fiercely laid, 
 That glancing fire out of the iron play'd. 
 As sparkles from the anvil use, 
 A\ hen heavy hammers on the wedge are sway*d. 
 
 Spemer, 
 When through the gloom the glancing lightnings 
 fly. 
 Heavy the" rattling thunders roll on high. Rmtt 
 
 ai2
 
 G L A 
 
 2. To fly off in an oblique direction. 
 
 He has a little eall'd me, I confeis ; 
 But as the jest dia glance away from me, 
 'Tis ten to one it niaim'cl you two outright. Shah 
 
 3. To strike in an oblique direction. 
 
 Through Paris' shield the forceful weapon went, 
 His corslet pierces, and his garment rends. 
 And glancing downwards near his flank descends. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. To view with a quick cast of the eye ; 
 to play the eye. 
 
 O' th' sudden up they rise and dance, 
 Then sit again, and sigh and glance ; 
 Then dance again and kiss. Siichlin^. 
 
 Mighty dulness crown'd, [round, 
 
 Shall lake through Grub-street her triumphant 
 And her Parnassus glancing o'er at once, 
 Behold a hundred sons, and each a dunce. Pope. 
 
 5. To censure by oblique hints. 
 
 How can'st tliou thus, for shame, Titania, 
 Glance at my credit with llippolita. 
 Knowing I know thy love to Theseus ? Shakesp. 
 
 Some men glance and dart at others, by justify- 
 ing themselves by negatives ; as to say, this I do 
 not. Bacon. 
 
 I have never glanced upon the late designed 
 procession of his holiness an.d his attendants, not- 
 withstanding it might have afforded matter to 
 many ludicrous speculations. Aildisan. 
 
 He had written verses wherein he glanced at a 
 certain reverend doctor, famous for dulness. Swift. 
 
 To Glance, v. u. To move nimbly; to 
 shot obliquely. 
 
 Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, 
 Enough to press a royal merchant down. Shahesp. 
 
 Gla'ncingly. adv. [from glance.] In 
 
 an oblique broken manner ; transiently. 
 
 Sir Richard Hawkins halh done suniething in 
 
 this kind, but brokingly and gluncingly, intending 
 
 diiefly a discourse of his own voyage. Hakenill. 
 
 GLAND, n. s. [glans, Lat. gland, Fr.] 
 
 All the glands of a human body are reduced to 
 two sorts, viz. conglobate and conglomerate. A 
 conglobate gland is a little smooth body, wrapt 
 up in a fine skin, by which it is separated from all 
 the other parts, only admitting an artery and nerve 
 to pass in, and giving way to a vein and excretory 
 canal to come out : of this sort are the glands in 
 the brain, the labial glnids, and testes. Aeon- 
 glomerate gland is composed of many little cor,- 
 globate gtaiids, all tied together, and wrapt up in 
 the common tunicle or membrane. Qitincii. 
 
 The abscess begun deep in the body of the 
 glands. tViseman. 
 
 The glands, which o'er the body spread. 
 Fine complicated clues of nervous thread, 
 Involv'd a-nd twisted with th' arterial duct. 
 The rapid motion of the blood obstruct. Blachmore. 
 Gla'nders. n. s. [from gland.] In a 
 horse is the running of corrupt matter 
 from the nose, which differs in colour 
 according to the degree of the malig- 
 nity, being white, yellow, green or 
 black. Farria-'s Diet. 
 
 His horse is possest with the glanders, and like 
 
 to niose in the chine. Shahesp. Taming of the Shrew. 
 
 Glandi'ferous. adj. [glans and/tro, 
 
 Lat.] Bearing mast ; bearing acorns, 
 
 or fruit like acorns. 
 
 The beech is of two sorts, and numbered 
 amongst the gladiferous trees. Mortimer's Hnsb. 
 
 GLA'NDULE. n. s. [glandula, Lat. 
 glandule, Fr.] A small gland serving 
 to the secretion of humours. 
 
 Nature hath provided several glandules to sepa- 
 rate this juice from the blood, and no less than 
 four pair of channels to convey it into the mouili, 
 wliicn are called ductus salivalts. l?ay. 
 
 Glandulo'sity. n. s. [from glandii- 
 lousi] A collection of glands. 
 
 In the upper parts of worms are found certain 
 white and oval gladnlosities. Brown's Vnlg. Err. 
 
 Gla'ndulous, adj. [glandulosus, Lat. 
 
 G L A 
 
 glandulcux, Fr. from glandule.] Per- 
 taining to the glands ; subsisting in the 
 glands ; having the nature of glands. 
 
 The beaver's bags are no testicles, or parts official 
 unto generation, out gladulous substances, that 
 hold the nature of cmunctories. lirouii's Vulg. Krr. 
 
 Such constitutions must be subject to glundulous 
 tumours, and ruptures of the lymphaticks./lrdHt'i. 
 
 ToGLARE. r. n. [glarcn, Dut.] 
 
 1. To shine so as to dazzle the eyes. 
 
 After great light, if you come suddenly into 
 the dark, or, contrariwise, out of the dark into a 
 glaring liglil, tlie eye is dazzled for a time, and 
 the sight confused. _ Bacon. 
 
 His glaring eyes with anger's venom swell. 
 And like tlie brand uf foul Alecto flame. Fairfas. 
 
 He is every where above conceits of epigrain- 
 matick wit, and ^ross hypcrbi>les : he niaiiilains 
 majesty in tlie midst of plainness ; he shines, but 
 glares nut ; and is stately without ambition- Dryd. 
 
 The court of Cacus stands reveal'd to sight ; 
 The cavern glares with new admitted light. Driid. 
 
 Alas, thy dazzled eye 
 Beholds this man in a false «'laring light. 
 Which conquestaiid success have thrown upon him. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. To look with fierce piercing eyes. 
 
 Thou hast no speculation in those eyes, 
 Which thou dost glare with. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 Look, how pale he glares! Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 Now friends no more, nor walking hand in hand ; 
 But when they met they made a surly stand, 
 And glar'd, like angry lions, as they pass'd. 
 And wish'ri that ev'ry look might be their last. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 a. To shine ostentatiously, or with too 
 much laboured lustre. 
 
 The mostglaring and notorious passages are none 
 of the finest, or most correct. Fe/ton an the Classicks. 
 
 To Glare, v. a. To shoot such splen- 
 dour as the eye cannot bear. 
 
 One spirit in them rul'd, and every eye 
 Glar'd lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire 
 Among tTi' accurst, that wither'd all their strength. 
 
 Millmi. 
 
 Glare, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Overpowering lustre ; splendour, such 
 as tlazzles the eye. 
 
 The frame of burnish'd steel that cast a glare 
 From far, and seem'd to thaw the freezing air. 
 
 Dryden s Fab. 
 
 I have grieved to see a person of quality gliding 
 by me in her chair at two o'clock in the morning, 
 and looking like a spectre amidst a glare of flam- 
 beaux. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Here in a grotto, shelter'd close from air. 
 And screen'd in shades from day's detested <y?are, 
 She sighs for ever. Pope's Rape of the Locke. 
 
 2. A fierce piercing look. 
 
 About them round, 
 A lion now lie stalks with fiery glare. Milton. 
 
 Gla'reous. adj. [glaireiix, Fr. gla- 
 reosiis, Lat. from glair.] Consisting of 
 viscous transparent matter, like the 
 white of an egg. 
 
 Gla'ring. adj. Applied to any thing 
 notorious : as, a glaring crime. 
 
 GLASS, n. s. [z^xy. Sax. glas, Dut. as 
 Pezon imagines from o-/c,.i,British, green, 
 In Erse it is called klunn, and this pri- 
 marily signifies clean or clear, being so 
 denominated from its trnnsparenc}'.] 
 
 1. An artificial substance made by fusing 
 fixed salts and flint or sand together, 
 with a veliement fire. 
 
 The word glass cometh from the Belgick and 
 High Dutch : glass, from the verb glansen, which 
 signifies amongst them to shine ; or perhaps from 
 glacies in the Latin, which is ice, whose colour it 
 resembles. Pcacham on Drawing. 
 
 Glass is thought so compact and firm a body, 
 
 G L A 
 
 that it is iiideslructibic by art or nature, and is 
 also of close a texture that the subtlest ch)mi- 
 cal spirits cannot pervade it. ... -E^^* 
 
 Show'rs of grenadoes rain, by sudden bnrst 
 
 j)i3ijlodiiig murd'rous bowels, fragments of stee 
 
 And stones, and gtasx and nitrous grain adust. 
 
 2. A glass vessel of any kind. 
 
 I'll see no more : 
 And yet the eighth appears, who bears a glass 
 \\ hich shews me many more. Sfiakesp. Maib 
 
 3. A looking-glass ; a mirrour. 
 
 He was the mark and glass, copy and book. 
 That fashion'd others. Snakes]). Henry IV 
 
 He spreads his subtile nets from sight 
 With trink ling ^/assfs, to betray 
 The larks tliat in thu mcbhes light. Dryd. Horace 
 
 4. An hour glass. A glass used in mea- 
 suring time by the flux of sand. 
 
 Were my wife's liver 
 Infected as her life, she would not live 
 The running uf one glass. Shahesp. Winter's Tate. 
 
 5. The destined time of a man's life. 
 
 No more his royal! self did live, nomoreliis 
 noble Sonne, 
 The golden Melt ager now, their g/<i5scsal] were run. 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 G. A cup of glass used to drink in. 
 
 To t-liis last costly treaty, 
 That swallow'd so much treasure, and like a gjafs 
 Did break i' ih' rinsing. Shakesp. Henry VlU. 
 
 When tliy lieart 
 Dilates with fervent joys, and eager soul 
 Prompts tu pursue the sparkling g'^w, be sure 
 'Tis tnne to shun it. Philips. 
 
 7. The quantity of wine usually contained 
 in a glass ; a draught. 
 
 While a man tliinks one glass more will not 
 make him drunk, that one glass hath disabled hiiu 
 from well discerning his present condition. 
 
 Taylar's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 The first ^/ass may pass for health, the second 
 
 for good-humour, the third for our friends ; but 
 
 the fourth is for our enemies. Temple. 
 
 B. A perspective glass. 
 
 The moon whose orb 
 
 Through optick pIuss theTuscan artist views. Milt. 
 
 Like those who survey the moon by glasses, 1 
 
 tell of a shining world above, but not relate the 
 
 glories of the place. Dryden. 
 
 Glass, adj. Vitreous; made of glass. 
 
 Get tliee glass eyes : 
 And, like a scurvy polilician, seem 
 To see the things'tliou do'st not. Shah. King Lear. 
 Glass bottles are more fit for this second fining 
 than those of wood Mortimer^s Husfrandry. 
 
 To Glass, v. a. 
 
 1. To see as in a glass; to represent as in 
 a glass or niirrour. Not in use. 
 
 IMelliinks I am partaker of thy passion. 
 And in thy case do glass mine own debility. Sirfney. 
 
 2. To case in glass. 
 
 Methoutrht alt his senses were lockt in Itiseye, 
 As jewels m crystal f.*r some prince to bu^' ; 
 WHu tend'ring their own worth, from whence 
 
 tJiey were glasrt, . . 
 
 Did point out to buy them.alongasj'ou past.SAafc. 
 
 3. To cover with a glass ; to glaze. 
 
 I have observed little grains of silver to lie hid 
 in the small cavities, perhaps glassed over by a 
 vitrifying heat, in crucibles wiierem silver has been 
 long kept in fusion. Boyle. 
 
 Gla'ssflrnace. ti. s. [ rr I ass and fur- 
 nace.] A furnace in wliich glass is made 
 by liquefaction. 
 
 If our dreamer pleases to try whether the glnw- 
 ing heat of a gtass-funiace be barely a wandering 
 imagination in a drowsy man's fancy, by putting 
 liis liantl into it, he may perlia[>s be awakened intu 
 a certainty that it is somethnig more than liare 
 imagination. Locke* 
 
 Gla'ssgazing. adj. [glass and gozing.'\ 
 Finical; often contemplating himself in 
 a mirrour. 
 
 813
 
 G L A 
 
 A wnorsoii, glassgasing, finical rogue. Skakesp. 
 
 Gla'ssgrinder. w. s, [ glass and 
 
 grinder.'] One whose trade is to polish 
 
 and ^rind glass. 
 
 Tilt glassgj'inders complain of the trouble tliey 
 meet wiili. Boyle. 
 
 Gla'sshouse. n. s. [glass and house.] 
 A house where glass is manufactured. 
 
 I reiueruber to have raet with an old Roman 
 Mosaic, composed of Jiule pieces of clay liaif 
 vitrified, and prepared at the glasshouses, dddison. 
 
 Gla'ssivian. n. s. [glass and man.] 
 One who sells glass. 
 
 The profit, of <i!asses consists only in a small 
 present made hy the glassmaii. Suijt. 
 
 Gla'ssmetal. n. s, [glass and metal.] 
 Glass in fusion. 
 
 Let proof be made of the incorporating of cop- 
 per or brass witli glassmetal. Bacons Phys. Hem. 
 
 Gla'sswork. w. s. [ glass and wo7'k\] 
 Manufactory of glass. 
 
 The cryslalline Venice glass is a mixture, in 
 equ.il portions, of stones brought from Pavia, and 
 the ashes of a weed called Itali, gathered in a de- 
 sert betweerf Alexandria and Rosetta ; by the 
 Egyptians used first for fuel, and then they crush 
 the aslies into lumps like a stone, and so sell them 
 to the Venetians for their glassworks. 
 
 Bacons Nat. History. 
 
 Gla'sswort. n. s, [salicornia, or salt- 
 wort.] 
 
 It hath an apetalous flower, wanting the em- 
 paleraent ; for the stamina, or chives, and the eni- 
 oryoes grow on the extreme part of the leaves ; 
 these embryoes afterward become pods or blad- 
 ders, which", for the most part, contain one seed. 
 The inhabitants near the sea-coast cut the plants 
 up toward the latter end of Summer ; and, having 
 dried them in the sun, they burn them for their 
 asiies, which are used in making of glass and 
 soap. These herbs are by the country people 
 callt-d kelp. From the ashes of tliese plants is 
 extracted the salt called sal kali, or alkali, by the 
 chymists. Miller. 
 
 For the fine glass we use tlie purest of the 
 finest sand, and the ashes of chali or glasswoH ; and 
 for the coarser or green sort .the ashes of brake or 
 other plants. Browns Vulg. Erronrs. 
 
 Gla'ssy adj. [from glass.] 
 
 1. Made of glass; vitreous. 
 
 In the valley near mount Carmel in Judea there 
 is a sand, which, of all others, hatii most aflfinify 
 with glass ; insomuch as other minerals laid in it 
 turn to a glassy substance. Bacon. 
 
 2. Resembling glass^ as in smoothness or 
 lustre, or brittleness. 
 
 Man! proud man ! 
 Drest in a little brief authurity. 
 Most ignorant of what he's most assurM 
 His glassi) essence, like an angry ape. 
 Plays such fantastick tricks be'fore hi^h heav'n, 
 As makes the angels weep. Shah. Meas.jor Meas. 
 
 There is a willow grows aslant a brook, 
 That shows his hoary leaves in the glassy stream. 
 
 Shakes}!. 
 
 The magnet attracteth the shininc or glassij 
 
 powder brought from the Indies, usually empluy- 
 
 ed in writing-dust. Broicn. 
 
 V\ hose womb produc'd theg"/flssi/ice ? ^^ ho bred 
 
 The hoary frosts that fall on . . inter's head ? 
 
 Sandijs. 
 Tlie glassii deep. Druden's .-En. 
 
 Glastonbury Thorn, n. $. A species 
 of Medlar. 
 
 This species (^f thorn produces some bunches of 
 *lmvers in Winter, and flowers again in the Spring. 
 
 Miller. 
 GLAUCO'mA. 7i. S, [XyocvyM^a,; ^lauconie^ 
 Fr.] A fault in the eve, which chancres 
 the crystalline humour into a greyish 
 colour, without detriment of sight, and 
 therein differs from what is commonly 
 understood by suffusion. Quincy. 
 
 G L E 
 
 'IhG glaucoma is no other disease than the ca- 
 taract. Sharp. 
 Glave. n. s. [glaive, Fr. glaif a hook, 
 Welsh.] A broad sword ; a falchion. 
 
 TwohuiidredGreeks came next in sight well try 'd, 
 Not surely arni'd in steel or iron strong, 
 But each a glave hath pendant by his side. Fair/cJ. 
 
 Wheti zeal, wiih aged clubs and glares. 
 Gave chace to rockets and white staves. Hudibras. 
 
 To Glaver. v. n. [glare, Welsh, flat- 
 tery; ghpan. Sax. to flatter. It is still 
 retained in Scotland.] To flatter ; to 
 wheedle. A low word. 
 
 Kingdoms have their distempers, intermissions, 
 and paroxysms, as well as natural bodies ; and a 
 glavering council is as dangerous as a wheedling 
 priest, or a flattering physician. VEstrange. 
 
 To Glaze, v. a, [To glass, only acci- 
 dently varied.] 
 
 1. To furnish with windows of glass. 
 
 Let there be two delicate cabinets daintily paved, 
 richly hanged, and glazed with crystalline glass. 
 
 Bacons Essays. 
 
 2. To cover with glass, as potters do their 
 earthen ware ; [from the French gldise, 
 argilla.] 
 
 3. To overlay with something shining and 
 pellucid. 
 
 Sorrow's eye, glaz'd with brining tears, 
 Divides one thing entire to many objects. Shah. 
 
 The reason of one man operates on that of 
 another in all true oratory; wherein thoue;h with 
 other ornaments he may glaze and brandish the 
 weapons, yet is it sound reason that carries the 
 strike home. (•reu-''s Cosm. Sac. 
 
 White, with other strong colours, w ith which we 
 paint that which we intend to e-/a:e, are the life, 
 the spirit, and the lustre of it. Drydens Dufresnoy. 
 
 Gla'zier. n. s. [corrupted tvom glasier, 
 or s^lassier, of glass.] One whose trade 
 is to make glass windows. Other ma- 
 nufacturersof glass are otherwise named. 
 
 Into rabbets the several panes uf glasswork are 
 set, and fastened hy the gluzier. Moion'sMcch. Ex. 
 
 The dext'rous Easier strong returns the bound, 
 And gingling sashes on the penthouse sound. Gay. 
 
 And then, without the aid of neighbour's art,' 
 Perform'd the carpenter's and glaziei'^s part. 
 
 Harte. 
 
 GLEAM, n. s. [gelioma, Sax,] Sudden 
 shoot of light ; lustre ; brightness. 
 
 Then was the fair Dodonian tree far seen 
 Upon seven hills to spread his gladsome gleam ; 
 
 And conquerors bedecked with his green, 
 Along the banks of the Ausonian stream. Spenser. 
 
 At last a gleam 
 Of dawning I'g'it turn'd thitherward in liaste 
 His travell d steps. Mittori's Paradise Lost. 
 
 As I bent down to look just opposite, 
 A shape within the wat'ry gleam appear *d. 
 Bending to look on me. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Mine is a glram of bliss too hot to last ; 
 Wat'ry it shines, and will be soon o'ercast. Dryd. 
 
 We ken them from afar ; the setting sun 
 Plays on their shinine arms and bnrnish'd helmets, 
 An8 covers all the field witli gleams of fire. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. 
 And floating forests paint the w aves with green. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Nought was seen, and nought was huard. 
 But dreadful gleams. 
 Fires that glow. Pope's St. Cecilia. 
 
 To Gleam, r. ?k [from the noun.] 
 1. To shine with sudden coruscation. 
 
 Observant of approaching day, 
 The meek-ey'd murn appears, mother of dewg, 
 At first (ami gleaming in the dappled East. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 '2. To shine. 
 
 On each hand the gushing waters play, 
 And down tlie rough cascatie white dashing fall. 
 Or gleam in Icngthen'd vistas through the trees. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 G L E 
 
 Glea'my. adj. [from gleam.] Flushing; 
 darting sudden coruscations of light. 
 
 In brazen arms, that cast a gleam)/ ray. 
 Swift llirough the town the warriour beudshis way 
 
 Pnpc. 
 
 To GLEAN. V. a. [glaner, Fr. as Skin- 
 ner thinks, from grmmm, Lat.] 
 
 1. To gather what the gatherers of the 
 harvest leave behind. 
 
 She came and gleaned in the field after the 
 reapers. Ruth, iL 
 
 Cheap conquest for his following friends remain'd; 
 He rcap'd the field, and they but only glean'd. 
 
 _, , , ' Dryden. 
 
 Ihe precept of not gathenn? their land clean, 
 but that something should be left to the poor to 
 glean, was a secondary offering to God himself. 
 
 Kelicm. 
 
 She went, by hard necessity compell'd, 
 To glean Palffiraon's fields. Thomson's Avtumn. 
 
 2. To gather any thing thinly scattered. 
 
 Gather 
 So much as from occasions you may glean. 
 If aught, to us unknown, a'fflicts him thus. Shak. 
 
 That goodness 
 0{ gleaning ail the land's wealth into one, 
 Into your own liands, catd'nal, by extortion. 
 
 . Shakesp. 
 
 They gleaned of them in the highways five 
 
 thousand men. Judges,'\x. 45. 
 
 But Argive chiefs, and Agamemnon's train. 
 When his refulgent arms flasn'd through the shady 
 
 plain, 
 Fled from his well-known face with wonted fear ; -v 
 As when his thund'ring sword and point*?d spear f 
 Drove headlong to their ships, and glean d thei' 
 routed rear. Dryden's JEn. * 
 
 In the knowledge of bodies we must be content 
 to glean what we can from jiarticnlar experiments ; 
 since we cannot, from a discovery of their real es- 
 sences, grasp at a time whole sheaves, and in bun- 
 dies comprehend the nature and properties of 
 whole species together. Loeke. 
 
 Glean, n. s. [from the verb.] Collec- 
 tion made laboriously by slow degrees. 
 Plains, meads, and orchards all the day he plies ; 
 Th^ gleam of yellow thyme distend his thighs : 
 He spoils the saffron. Drydens Virgil. 
 
 Gle'aner. n. «. [from glean.] 
 
 1. One who gathers after the reapers. 
 
 For si ill tile world prevail'd, and its dread laugh, 
 Which scarce the firm philosopher can scorn, 
 Should his heart own a gleaner in the field. 
 
 TJiojnson. 
 
 2. One who gathers any thing slowly and 
 
 laboriously. 
 
 An ordinary coffee-house ^/eaner of the city is 
 an arrant statesman. Locke. 
 
 Gleaning, n.s. [from glean.] The 
 act of gleaning, or thing gleaned. 
 
 There shall be as the shaking of an olive-tree, 
 and as the gleaning of grapes when the vmtage is 
 done. Bible. 
 
 The orphan and widow are members of the 
 same common family, and have a right to be sup- 
 ported out of the incomes of it, as The poor Jews 
 had to gather the gleanings of the rich man's ha,- 
 vest. Atterbury. 
 
 GLEBE, n. s. [ gleba, Lat.] 
 1. Turf; soil; ground. 
 
 This, like the moory plots, delights in sedgy 
 
 bowers ; 
 The grassy garlands loves, and oft attir'd with 
 flowers 
 Of rank and mellow g/fie. Drayton 
 
 Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil and wine, 
 With herds the pastures throng'd, with flocks the 
 hills. _ Miltm. 
 
 I\Iark well the flow'rine almonds in tlie wood ; 
 If od'rous blooms the bearing branches load. 
 The glehe will answer to the sylvan reign. 
 Great heats will follow, and large crops of grain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 814
 
 G L E 
 
 Sleeping vegetables lie, 
 Till the glad summons of a genial my 
 Unbinds the g/c6c, and call themout today.Gar(/i. 
 2. The land possessed as a part of the re- 
 venue of an ecclesiastical benefice. 
 
 The ordinary living or revenue of a parsonage 
 
 is of three sorts; the one in land, comraonTy 
 
 called iht glebe; another in tytlie, which is a set 
 
 part of our goods rendered to God ; the third, 
 
 in other offerings bestowed upon God and his 
 
 cburch by the people. Spelmati. 
 
 A trespass done on a parson's g/efte laud, which 
 
 is a freehold, cannot be tried in a s|Mritual court. 
 
 Aijtijfe's Farergon. 
 
 Many parishes have not an inch oi gitbe. Hiiift. 
 
 Gle'bous. adj. [from glebe.] Turfy. 
 
 Did 
 Gle'by. adj. [from glebe.] Turfy; per 
 haps in the following passage fat or 
 fruitful, if it has indeed any meaning. 
 
 Pernicious flatt'ry ! thv malignant seeds » 
 In an ill hour, and by a fatal hand 
 Sadly diJt'us'd o'er virtue's ^Itby land. 
 With risinc pride amidst the corn appear, 
 And choke the hopes and harvest of the year. Prior. 
 
 Glede. n.s. [glibajlibej Saxon.] A kind 
 of hawk. 
 
 Ye shall not eat the glede, the kite, and the 
 vulture. Deuteronomy. 
 
 GLEE. n. s. [311556, Saxon.] Joy ; mer- 
 riment ; gayety. It anciently signified 
 musick played at feasts. It is not now 
 used, except in ludicrous writing, or 
 with some mixture of irony and contempt. 
 
 She marcheth home, and by her takes the night. 
 Whom all the people follow with great glee. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Many wayfarers make themselves glee by vex- 
 ing the inhabitants ; who again ftjreslow not to 
 baigne them with perfume. Carew. 
 
 Is Blouzelinda dead ? Farewel my glee! 
 No happiness is now reserv'd for me. Gay. 
 
 The poor maii then was rich, and liv'd with glee ; 
 
 Each barley-head untaxt, and day-light free. 
 
 Harte. 
 
 Gleed. n. s. [from 5lopan, Saxon, to 
 glow.] A hot glowing coal. A pro- 
 vincial and obsolete word. 
 Gle'eful. adj. \_glee 3.nA full.] Gay; 
 merry ; cheerful. Not used. 
 
 My lovely Aaron, wherefore look'st thou sad. 
 When every thing doth make a gleeful boast? 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 Gleek. n. s. [511556, Saxon.] Musick ; 
 or musician. 
 
 What will you give us ? No money, but 
 
 the gleek : I will give you the minstrel. Skakesp. 
 
 To Gleek. v. a. [5li5man, in Saxon, 
 is a mimick or a droll.] 
 
 1. To sneer ; 
 
 ;be ; to droll upon. 
 
 I can gleek upon occasion. Shakespeare. 
 
 I have seen you gleeking or galling .^v this geii- 
 tlieman twice or thrice. Shakespeare. 
 
 2. In Scotland it is still retained, and 
 signifies to fool or spend time idly, with 
 something of mimickry or drollery. 
 To Gleen. d. a. To shine with heat or 
 polish. 1 know not the original notion 
 of this word: it may be of the same 
 race with glow or with gleam. I have 
 not remarked it in any otlier place. 
 
 Those who labour 
 The sweaty forge, who edge the crooked scythe, 
 Bend stubborn steel, and harden gleeiiing aTaumr, 
 Acknowledge Vulcan's aid. trior. 
 
 GLEET, n. s. [It is written by Skinner 
 glitt, and derived from 5liban, Saxon, 
 to run softly.] A sanious ooze ; a thin 
 ichor running from a sore. 
 
 G L I 
 
 A hard dry eschar, without either matter or 
 gleet. Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 To Gleet, v, a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To drip or ooze with a thin sanious 
 liquor. 
 
 His ihumb being inflamed and swelled, I made 
 an incibiuii into it to tlie bone : this not only 
 bied, bill gleeted a few drojis. Wiseman. 
 
 2. To run slowly. 
 
 Vapours raised by the sun make clouds, 
 which are carried iip and down tlie atmosphere, 
 'till they hit against the mountainous places of 
 the plobc, and by this concussion arc condensed, 
 and so gleet down the caverns uf these mountains, 
 whose inner parts, being holluw, atfurd them a 
 bason. Cheyne's Phil. Princ. 
 
 Gle'ety. adj. [£rom gleet.] Ichorous; 
 thinly sanious. 
 
 If the flesh lose its ruddiness, and the matter 
 change to be thin and gleety, 30U may suspect it 
 corrupting. Wiseman. 
 
 Glen, n, s. [glean, Erse.] A valley; 
 a dale ; a depression between two hills. 
 
 From me his mtiddin^ mind is start, 
 And wooes the witlow's daughter of the glen. Spen, 
 
 Glew. w. s. [gluten, Latin.] A viscous 
 cement made by dissolving the skins of 
 animals in boiling water, and drying 
 the gelly. See Glue. 
 
 GLIB. n. s. [from Aei^. Skinner,] 
 
 1 . Smooth ; slippery ; so formed as to be 
 easily moved. 
 
 Liquid bodies have nothing to sustain their 
 parts, nor any thin^ to cement them ; the parts 
 being glib and continually in motion, fall off from 
 one another, which way soever gravity inclines 
 them. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Habbukkuk brouglit liira a smooth strong rope 
 compactly twisted together, with a noose tliat 
 slipt as glib as a birdcatcher's gin. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2, Smooth ; voluble. 
 
 I want that glib and oily art 
 To speak and purpose not, since what I well 
 
 intend, 
 I'll do't before I speak. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 There was never so much glib nonsense put 
 together in well sounding Englisli. Locke. 
 
 Now Curl his shop from rubbish drains j 
 Three genuine tomes of Swift's remains: 
 And tlien, to make them pass the glibber, 
 Revis'd by Tibhald, More, and Cibber. Swift. 
 
 Be sure he 's a fine spoken roan ; 
 Do but hear on the clergy how glib liis tongue 
 ran. Swift. 
 
 Glib, n, s. 
 
 The Irish have from the Scytliians mantles 
 and long glibs ; which is a thick curled bush of 
 Iiair hanging aown over their e^'es, and mon- 
 strously disguising them. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 To Glib. v. a, [from the adjective.] To 
 castrate. 
 
 I'll geld them all : fourteen they shall not see, 
 To bring false generations ; they are coheirs. 
 And I had rather glib myself, than they 
 Should not produce fair issue. Shakespeare. 
 
 Gli'bly. adv. [from gli^*] Smoothly ; 
 volubly. 
 
 Many who would startle at an oath, whose 
 stomachs as well as conscit-nces recoil at an ob- 
 scenity, do yet slide gUblij into a detraction. 
 
 Goverjiment .^ the Tangue. 
 
 Gli'bness. w. s. [from glib.] Smooth- 
 ness ; slipperiness. 
 
 A polish'd ice-like glibness doth enfold 
 The rock. Chapman's Odyssey. 
 
 The tongue is the most ready for motion of 
 any member, needs not so much as the flexure 
 of a joint, and by access of humours acquires a 
 glibness too, thu more to facilitate its moving. 
 
 Government of' the Tongue. 
 
 To GLIDE. V, n. [jlioan, Saxon ; glijden, 
 
 Dutch.] 
 1. To flow gently and silently. 
 
 G L I 
 
 By east, among the dusty xaWies glide 
 The silver streams of Jordan's crystal flood. Futr/, 
 
 Broke by thejuiliiig land nn either side. 
 In double streams the orlny waters ^itd^. Dryd. 
 
 Just before the confines uf the wood, 
 The gliding Lelhe leads her silent flood. Ihyd. 
 
 VVlicre stray the Aluse-*, in whatlawn c;r grove.' 
 In those fair fields where Siicred Isis glides. 
 Or else where Cam his winding vales divides. Po7>e. 
 
 2. To pass on without change of step. 
 
 Ye gliding ghosts, prrrait me to relate 
 The niystick wonders of your silent slate. 
 
 Dryden's .^neid, 
 
 3. To move swiftly and smoothly along. 
 
 If one of mean affairs 
 Mhv plod it in a week, why may not I 
 Glide thiilier in a da\ ? Shakspeare'$ Cymb. 
 
 Shoals nffish, with fins and shining scales. 
 Glide under the green wave. Miltcm, 
 
 He trenibl'd every limb, and felt a smart 
 As if ccild steel had glided through his heart. 
 
 Dryden's Fabla, 
 
 Ail things are beheld as in a hasty motion, 
 where the objects only glide before the eye, and 
 disappear. Dryden, 
 
 Glide, n. s, [from the verb.] Lapse ; 
 act or manner of passing smoothly. 
 
 About his neck 
 A preen and gilded snake had wreath 'd itself, 
 Who, with her head nimble in tlireats, approach'd 
 Ttie openhig of his moiitli ; but suddenly. 
 Seeing Orlando, it uiillnk'd itself, 
 And wiih indented glides did slip away 
 Into a busli. Shakesp. As you like it, 
 
 Gli'der. n,s. [from glide.] One that 
 glides. 
 
 The glaunce into my heart did glide; 
 Hev ho the glider ; 
 
 Therewith my soul was sliarply gride. 
 Such wounds soon waxen wider. Spenser. 
 
 Glike. n. s. [5115, Sax. See Greek.] 
 
 A sneer ; a scotf ; a flout. Not now in use. 
 
 Where's the bastard's-braves, and Charles his 
 
 glikes ? Shakespeare. 
 
 To GLl'MMER. v.n. [o'/immer, Danish, 
 to shine ; gUmmeny Dutch, to glow.] 
 
 1 . To shine faintly. 
 
 The west ^t:t glimmers with some streaks of day. 
 
 Shakespeare* 
 
 Tiie truth appears so naked on ray side. 
 That any purblind eye may find it out. 
 —And on my side it is so well apparel'd. 
 So clear, so shining, and so evident, 
 That it will glimmer through a blind man's eye. 
 
 Shakespeare, 
 
 For there no twilight of the sun's dull ray 
 Glijnmers upon the pure and native day. Cowley* 
 
 Oft in glimmering bowers and glades 
 He met her. Milton. 
 
 See'st thou yon' dreary plain, forlorn and wild. 
 The seat of desolation, void of light. 
 Save what Ihe glimjuering of these livid flames 
 Casts pale and dreadful ? Milton's Par. Lett, 
 
 The sacred influence 
 Of light appears, and from the walls of heav'n 
 Shoots far into the bosom of dim night 
 A glimmaing dawn. Miitvns Par. Lost. 
 
 Through these sad shades this chaos in my sou), 
 Some seeds of light at length began to roll ; 
 The rising motion of an infant ray 
 Shot g/immering through the cloud, and promis'd 
 day. Prior, 
 
 Oft by the winds, extinct the signal lies ; 
 Or smothcr'd in the glmrn'ring socket dies. 
 
 Gat/'s THfia. 
 
 Wlicn To&y morning glimmer'd o'er the dales. 
 He drove to pasture all die lusty males. Pope. 
 
 2. To be perceived imperfectly ; to appear 
 faintly. 
 
 On tlie way the baggage post-boy, who had been 
 at court, gnl'^ gtimmenug who they were. irt>{ft>n. 
 
 The pagan priesthood was always in the druids ; 
 and there was a perceivable glimmering of the 
 Jewish rites in it, though much corrupted. Swift, 
 Gli'mmer. n. s„ [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Faint splendour ; weak light. 
 
 2. A kind of fossil. 
 
 815
 
 G L I 
 
 The lesser masses Uiat are lodged in sparry and 
 stony bodies, dispersedly, from their shining and 
 filimmeriiig, were an ind cement to the writers 
 of fossils to give those bodies the name of mica 
 and glimmer. Woodu-ard on Fossils. 
 
 Stones which are composed of plates, that are 
 eenerally plain and parallel, and tnat are flexible 
 and elaslick : talc, catsilver, or glimmer, of which 
 there are three sorts, the vcUow or golden, the 
 white or silver3-, and the bfack. Woodward. 
 
 tiLiMPSE. n, s. [glimmen J DutAog\ow,] 
 
 J. A weak faint light. 
 
 Such vast room in nature, 
 Only to siiine, yet scarce to contrihute 
 Each orb a glimpse of light, convey'd so far 
 Down to lliis habitable, which returns 
 Lit;ht back to tliera. Milton. 
 
 Tliousands of things, wliich now either wholly 
 escape our apprehensions, or which our short- 
 sighied reason having got some faint glimpse of, 
 we, in the dark, grope £fter. . Locke. 
 
 5. A quick flashing light. 
 
 Light as the lightning ,2:/J7?ip5e they ran. Miltmi, 
 M^ thoughtless youth was wing'd with vain 
 desires ; 
 Mv manhood, long misled by wand'ring fires, 
 loilow'd false lights ; and when llieir ^ampse was 
 
 gone, 
 My pride struck out new spangles of her own. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Transitory lustre. 
 
 There no dear eHinpse of the sun's lovely face 
 Strikes through tne solid darkness of the place. 
 
 Cowley. 
 If I, celestial sire, in ausht 
 Have serv'd thy will, or gratified^ thy thought. 
 One f^limpse of glory to my issue give ; 
 Grac'd for the little time he has to live. Dryden. 
 
 4. Short fleeting enjoyment. 
 
 If, while this wearied flesh draws fleeting breath. 
 Not satisf3''d with life, afraid of death, 
 If haply be thy will that I should know 
 Glimpse of delight, or pause from anxious woe ; 
 From now, from instant now, great sire, dispel 
 The clouds that press my soul. Prior. 
 
 d. A short transitory view. 
 
 O friends ! I hear the tread of nimble feet 
 Hasting this way, and now by s;Umvse discern 
 IthurieT, and Zephou, through the snade. Miltoji. 
 
 Some God punisheth exemplarily in this world, 
 that we might have a taste or glimpse of his yue- 
 itnt justice. HakewiU. 
 
 A man used to such sort of reflections, sees as 
 much at one glimpse as would require a long dis- 
 course to lay before another, and make out in one 
 entire and gradual deduction. Locke. 
 
 What should I do! while here I was enchain'd, 
 No glimpse cif godlike liberty reuiain'd. Drijdcn. 
 
 6. The exhibition of a faint resemblance. 
 
 No man haLii a virtue that he has not a glimpse 
 of. iShakesp 
 
 To Gli'sten. v. 71, [gUttati, Ger.] To 
 shine ; to sparkle with light. 
 
 The bleating kind 
 Eve the bleakHeaven.auQ next theg'/i.'cfem/iijcarth, 
 \Vith looks of dumb despair. Thomson's M'inttr. 
 The ladies eyes glistened with pleasure. 
 
 Richardson^s Pamela. 
 
 To Gli'ster. v. n. [ gliitan, Ger. 
 gUsteren, Dut.] To shine ; to be 
 bright. 
 
 The wars flame most in Summer, and the hel- 
 mets glister brightest in the fairest sunshine. 
 
 Spenser. 
 'Tis better to be lowly born, 
 And range witli humble livers in content, 
 Than to be perk'd up in a glistering grief, 
 And wear a golden sorrow. Shakesp. 
 
 The golden sun 
 Gallops the zodiack in his glistering coach. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 All tbat^/i>ters is not gold. Shakesp. 
 
 You were more the eye and talk 
 
 Of the court to-da^', than ail 
 
 Else that glister d in Whitehall. Ben Jonsnn. 
 
 When the sun shone upon the shields of gold 
 
 and brass, the mnuntains ^'iis(erc(i therewith, and 
 
 ihined like lamps of fire. 1 Wac. vi. 39. 
 
 G L () 
 
 It consisted not of rubies, yet the small pieces 
 of it were of a pleasant reddish colour, and gtls- 
 tered prettily. Boyle. 
 
 Gli'ster. n. s. [Properly written clyser, 
 from xXi^u.l See Clyster. It is writ- 
 ten wrong even Ijy Brown. 
 
 Now enters Bush with new state airs, 
 His lordship's premier minister ; 
 
 And who, in all profound affairs. 
 Is held as needful as his glister. Suifi. 
 
 Choler is the natural glister, or one excretion 
 whereby nature excludeth another; which, de- 
 scending daily unto the bowels, extlraulates those 
 parts, and excites them unto expulsion. Brown. 
 
 To Gli'tter. v. n. [glrcinian. Sax.] 
 
 1. To shine; to exhibit lustre; to gleam. 
 
 Steel glosses are more resplendent than the like 
 plates 01 brass, and so is the glittering of a blade. 
 Bacms Phys. Rem. 
 Before the battle joins, from afar 
 The field yet glitters with the pomp of war, 
 
 Dryden s Virgil. 
 Scarce had'st thou time t'onsheath thy conqu'ring 
 blade ; 
 It did but glitter, and the rebels fled. Granville. 
 
 2. To be specious ; to be striking. 
 
 On the one hand set the most glittering tempta- 
 tions to disooid, and on the other the dismal ef- 
 fects of it. Decay of Piety. 
 
 In gtitfring scenes, o'er her own heart severe ; 
 In crowds coilecteil ; and in courts sincere. I'oioio-. 
 
 Gli'tter. n. s. [from the verb.] Lustre; 
 bright show; splendour. 
 
 Clad 
 With what permissive glory since his fall 
 Was left hira, or false gittter. Miltmi. 
 
 Flourish not too much upon ihej^litter of for^' une, 
 for fear there should be too .-uucn alloy in it. 
 
 Collier on Pride. 
 Take awav this measure from our dress and 
 habits, and all is turjied into such paint and ^/i(- 
 ter, and ridiculous ornaments, as are a real shame 
 to the wearer. Law, 
 
 Gli'tterand. Shining ; sparkling. A 
 participle used by Chiinrr and the old 
 English poets. This participial termi- 
 nation is still retained in Scotland. 
 Gli'tteringly. adv. [from glitler.] 
 
 With shining lustre. 
 To Gloar. v. n. [ gloertn, Dut.] 
 
 1 . To squint ; to look askew. Skinner. 
 
 2. In Scotland, to stare : as, ichat a gloar 
 and quean. 
 
 To Gloat, r. n. [This word 1 conceive 
 to be ignorantly written for gloar.'] To 
 cast side glances as a timorous lover. 
 
 'Iciich every grace to smile in your behalf. 
 And her deluding eyes to gloat for you. Roue. 
 
 Glo'bard.k. s. [from g/o«>.] Aglow- 
 worm. 
 
 G lo'bated. adj. [from globe.] Formed 
 in shape of a globe ; spherical spheroi- 
 dical. 
 
 GLOBE, n. s. [globe, Fr. globus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A sphere ; a ball ; a round body ; a body 
 of which every part of tlie surface is at 
 the same distance from the centre. 
 
 2. T'le teiTaqueous ball. 
 
 The youth, whose fortune the vast globe obey 'd, 
 Finding his royal enemy betray 'd. 
 Wept at his fall. Stepney. 
 
 Where God declares hie intention to give do- 
 minion, he meant that he would make a species 
 of creatures that should have dominion over the 
 other species of this terrestrial globe. Locke. 
 
 3. A sphere in which the various regions of 
 the earth are geographically depicted, or 
 in which the constellations are laid down 
 according to their places in the sky. 
 
 G L O 
 
 The astrologer who spells the stars, 
 Mistakes his globe, and in her brighter eye 
 Interprets heaven's physiognomy. CleavelanJ, 
 
 These are the stars, 
 But raise thy thought from sense, nor think to find 
 Such figures as are in globes design'd. Creech. 
 
 4. A body of soldiers drawn into a circle. 
 Him round 
 A globe of fiery seraphim inclos'd. 
 With bright imblazoning, and horrent arms. Aftil, 
 
 Globe Amaranth, or everlasting flower, 
 n. s. [amaranlhoides.] A flower. Aliller. 
 
 Globe Daisy, n. s. A kind of flower. 
 
 Globe Fish. n. s. A kind of orbicular 
 fish. 
 
 Globe lianunculus. n. s. [halleboro- 
 ranuncuhis.] A plant. Miller. 
 
 Globe Thistle, n. s. [carduus orbicU' 
 lutus.] A plant. Miller. 
 
 GLOBO'SE flrf/. [globosus, Lat] Sphe- 
 rical; round. 
 
 Regions, to which 
 All tliy dominion, Adam, is no raore 
 Than what this garden is to all the earth. 
 And all the sea ; from one entire globose 
 Stretch'd into longitude. Milton's Paradise LoM. 
 
 Then form'd the moon 
 Globose, and ev'ry magnitude of stars. Mj/fm. 
 
 Globo'sity. n. s. [from globose.] Sphe- 
 ricity ; sphericalness. 
 
 VMiy the same eclipse of the sun, which is seen 
 to them that live more easterly, when the sun is 
 elevated six degrees above the Iiorizon, should be 
 seen to them that live one degree more westerly, 
 where the sun is but five degrees above the hori- 
 zon, and so lower and lower proportionahly, 'till 
 at last it appear not at all : no account can be given, 
 but the gmosity of the earth. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Gho'BOVS. adj. [globosus, Lat. When 
 the accent is intended to be on the last 
 syllable, the word should be written 
 globose, when on the first globous: I 
 have transferred hither a passage of 
 Milton, in which this rule has been 
 neglected.] Spherical ; round. 
 
 Wide over the plain, and wider far 
 Than all this glebose earth in plain outspreau ; 
 Such are the courts of God ! Milton. 
 
 The brazen i[istruments of death disch.irge 
 Horrible flames, and turpid streaming clouds; 
 Large glohous irons fly, or dreadful hiss. 
 Singeing the air. " Philips. 
 
 Glo'bular. «<(/. [globulus, Lat.] Hav- 
 ing the form of a small sphere ; round ; 
 
 spherical. 
 
 The figure of the atoms of all visible fluids 
 seemeth to be globular, there being no other figure 
 so well fitted to the making of fluidity. Grctr. 
 
 GLOBULaRIA. n. s. [Lat. globu- 
 laire, Fr.] A flosculous flower. Miller. 
 
 GLOBULE. «. s. [globule, Fr. globulus, 
 Lat.] Such a small particle of matter 
 as is of a globular or spherical figure ; 
 as the red particles of the blood, which 
 swim in a transparent serum, and are 
 easily discovered by the microscope. 
 These will attract one another when they 
 come within a due distance, and unite 
 like the spheres of quicksilver. Qttincj/. 
 The hailstones liave opaque Wobu/es of snow in 
 their centre, to intercept the light within the halo. 
 Xcn-ton's Opticks. 
 Blood consists of red globules, swinmiing in a 
 thin liquor called serum; the red glohnlts are 
 elastick, and will break; the vessels which admit 
 the smaller globule, cannot admit the greater with- 
 out a disease. Arbuthnot on Aliments 
 
 81b
 
 G L O 
 
 Glo'bulous. adj. [from a^lobuh.'] In 
 form of a small sphere ; round. 
 
 The wljiteiK-ss of such eUibulous particles pro- 
 ceeds from thf air iiicludeu in llie froth. Bi'yte. 
 
 To Glomerate, v. a. [gtomero, Lat.] 
 To gather into a ball or sphere. A fila- 
 mentous substance gathered into a ball is 
 said to be glomerattd, but discontinuous 
 particles are coiiglobiittd. 
 
 Glomera'tion. v.s. [glomn-ado, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The act of forming into a ball or sphere. 
 
 2. A body formed iiito a ball. 
 
 The rainbow consistelh of a glomeration of small 
 drops, wliich cannot fail but from the air that is 
 very If^v. Bacon. 
 
 Glo'merous. adj. [glomerosus, Lat.] 
 Gathered into a ball or sphere, as a ball 
 of thread. 
 
 GLOOM, n. s. [glomanj. Sax. twilight.] 
 
 1. Imperfect darkness; disraalness; ob- 
 scurity ; defect of light. 
 
 Glowing embers through the room, 
 Teach light to counterfeit a gloom. Milton. 
 
 This the seat. 
 That we must change for heav'ii ? This mour;iful 
 
 gloom^ 
 For tliat celestial light ? Milton s Par. Lost 
 
 The still night, not now, as ere man fell, 
 Wholesome, and cool, and roiid ; but with black air 
 Accoriipanj''d ; with damps, and dreadful gloom. 
 
 Milum. 
 
 Now warm in love, now with'ring in thy bloom, 
 
 Lost in a convent's solitary gloom. Pope. 
 
 2. Cloudiness of aspect; heaviness of mind; 
 sullenness. 
 
 To Gloom, i'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To shine obscurely; as the twilight. 
 This sense is not now in use. 
 
 His glist'ring armour made 
 A little glooming light much like a shade. Spenser. 
 
 Scarcely had Phoebus in the glooming East 
 Y'et harnessed his fiery-footed team. Spenser. 
 
 2. To be cloudy ; to be dark. 
 
 3. To be melancholy ; to be sullen. 
 Gloo'mily. adv. [{rom gloomi/.] 
 
 i. Obscure!}' ; dimlj' ; without perfect 
 
 light ; dismally. 
 2. Sullenly ; without cloudy aspect ; with 
 dark intentions ; not cheerfully. 
 See, he conies : how gloomitu he looks ! Dryd. 
 Gloomily retir'd the spider lives. Thomson. 
 
 Gloo'miness. w. *. [{rom gloomi/.'] 
 
 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; imperfect 
 light; disraalness. 
 
 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of 
 look ; heaviness of mind ; melancholy. 
 
 Neglect spreads gloominess upon their humour, 
 and makes them grow sullen and inconversable. 
 Collier of' the Spleen. 
 The gloominess in which sometimes ilie minds of 
 the best men are involved, very often stands in 
 need of such little incitements to n)irth and laugh- 
 ter as are apt to disperse melancholy. Addison. 
 Gloo'my. adj. [from gloom.] 
 
 1. Obscure; imperfect illuminated; almost 
 dark : dismal for want of light. 
 
 These were from without 
 The growing miseries, which Adam saw 
 Already in part, thougli hid in gloomiest shade. 
 To sorrow abandon'd. ililton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Deep in a cavern dwells the drowsy god. 
 Whose gloomy mansion nor the rising sun. 
 Nor setung visits, uor the lightsome noon. 
 
 Dryden^s Fables. 
 
 The surface of the earth is clearer or gloomier, 
 just as the sun is bright or more overcast. Pope. 
 
 2. Dark of complexion. 
 
 Vol. J. 
 
 G L O 
 
 That fair field 
 Of Knna, where Proserpine gathering flow'rs. 
 Herself a fairer Bow'r, by gloomy Dis 
 Was gathcr'd. itilton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. Sullen ; melancholy ; cloudy of look ; 
 heavy of heart. 
 
 Glo'ried. adj- [from glory.] Illustri- 
 ous; honourable; decorated with glory; 
 dignified with honours. Not in use. 
 
 Old ri'spect, 
 As 1 suppose, toward j'our once glory d friend. 
 My son, now captivate, hither hath inform'd, 
 Your younirer feet, w hile mine cast back with age 
 Came lagging after. Milton's Agonists. 
 
 Glorifica'tjon. n. s. [glorification, 
 Fr. from glorify,] The act of giving 
 glory. 
 
 At oj>ening your eyes, enter upon the day witii 
 tliaiiksgiving lor the preservation of you the last 
 iitglit, with \\\v: glorification of God for the works 
 of the creation. Taylor. 
 
 To GLOTlirV. V. a. [glorifier, Fr. gio- 
 rificOy Lat.] 
 
 1. To procure honour or praise to one. 
 
 Two such silver currents, when they join, 
 Do glorify the brinks tiiat huuiid them m.Shakesp. 
 
 Justice is their Tirtue: that ahdie 
 Makes them sit sure, and glorifies the throne. Dan. 
 
 2. To pay honour or praise in worship. 
 
 God h glorified when such his excellency, above 
 all things, is with due aduiiratiou acknowledged. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 This form and manner of g^^^rijying God was 
 not at that time first begun . but received long 
 before, and alledged at that IJme as an argument 
 for tlie truth. Jiookei: 
 
 Good fellow, tell us here the circumstance, 
 That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shakesp, 
 
 All nations sliali glorify thy name.Ps. Ixxxvi. 9. 
 
 Our bodies with whicli the apostle commands 
 us to glorify God, as well as with our souls. 
 
 Duty of Man. 
 
 This is the perfection of every thing.'to attain 
 its true and proper end ; and the end of all these 
 gifts and endowments, which god bath given us, 
 is to glorify the giver, I'illvtson. 
 
 3. To praise ; to honour ; to extol. 
 
 Whomsoever they find to be most licentious of 
 life, desperate in alf parts of disobedience and re- 
 bellious disposition, him they set up and glorify. 
 
 c^enstT, 
 
 No chymist yet the elixir got. 
 But glorifies his pregnant pot. 
 If by the way to him befall. 
 Some odcriferous tiling, or med'cinal. Donne. 
 
 4. To exalt to glory in heaven ; to raise to 
 celestial beatitude. 
 
 If God be glorified in Iiim, God shall also glorify 
 him in himself, and shali strailway glorify him. 
 
 John, xiii. 32. 
 
 Whom he justified, them he also glorified. 
 
 Horn. viii. 30. 
 
 The members of the church remaining, being 
 perfectly sanctified, shall be eternally glorified ; 
 then shall the whole church be truly and perfectly 
 holy. Fear son. 
 
 The soul, being immortal, will, at some time 
 or other, resume its boily again in a glorijicd 
 manner. ' Ayli^'e's Farergon. 
 
 GLORIOUS. adj\ [gloriosus, Lat. glo- 
 rieuXy Fr.] 
 
 1. Boastful; proud; haughty; ostentati- 
 ous. 
 
 Glorioiis followers, who make themselves as 
 trumpets of the commendation of those they fol- 
 low, taint business for want of secrecy. Bacon. 
 
 They tliat are glorious must needs be factious; 
 for all "bravery stands upon comparisons. Bacon. 
 
 2. Noble; illustrious; excellent. It is fre- 
 quently used by theological writers, to 
 express the brightness of triumphant 
 sanctity rewarded in heaven. 
 
 G L o 
 
 Let them know that thou art Lord, the only 
 Gud, and glorious over the whole world. 
 
 Dan. iii. 2?. 
 
 He is glorious in respect of the brightness and 
 splendor of his celestial body, still made more 
 
 fhrioas and majestick by the authority which his 
 ather hath committed to him of universal Judge. 
 
 NeUon. 
 Impartial justice holds her equal scales, 
 1 ill stronger virtue does the weight incline ; 
 
 If ov( r thee thy ghriotis foe prevails ; 
 He now defends the cause that once was thine. 
 
 Prior. 
 I>t us remember we are Cato's friends. 
 And act like men who claim that g(urioiu title. 
 
 Addiion's Cal». 
 She must stand amongst t)ie first servaots of 
 God, and be slorious amongt those that have 
 fought the goor/right. Law. 
 
 It there be nothing so glorious as doing pood, 
 if there is nothing that mikes us so like lo (iod, 
 then nolhiiig can be so gLfrious in the use of our 
 money, as tu use it all iu works of love and^good- 
 ness. ' Laic. 
 
 Gloriously, adv, [from glorious.] 
 Nobly ; spcndidly ; illustriously. 
 
 The^' inspire with those celestial flames, which 
 shine so gloriously in their works. Dryden. 
 
 Great wits sometimes may gloriously offend, 
 And rise to faults true criticks dare nut mend. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Glory, w. s. [giorie, Fr. gloria, Lat. 
 
 Among the old poets it was used some- 
 times as one syllable, glore,] 
 
 1. Praise paid in adoration. 
 
 Glory to God iu tiie highest. Lu^, il. 14. 
 
 2. The felicity of heaven prepared for 
 those that please God. 
 
 Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and af- 
 terwards receive me into thy gtory.Fsal. Ixxiii, 24 
 
 Then enter into glory^ and resume/ 
 His seat at God's riglit hand, exaltejfl high 
 Above all names in heav'n. Miitons raradise Lost. 
 
 It is hardly possible for you to beseech and in- 
 treat God to make any one happy in the highest 
 enjoyments of his glory to all eternity, and yet be 
 troubled to see him enjoy the much smaller gifts 
 of God, in this short and low state of human life. 
 
 Laxc. 
 
 3. Honour; praise; fame; renown; cele- 
 brity. 
 
 Think it no ^^ry to swell iu tyrajuiy. Sidney. 
 Glory is like a circle in the water, 
 Which never ceaseth to enlarge itself, 
 'Till by broad spreading it disperse to nought. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. VI. 
 And with that word and warning soon was 
 dight, 
 Each soldier longing for near coming glory. 
 
 Fahfaj. 
 Israel's bright sceptre far less glory brings. 
 There have been fewer friends (»n earth than 
 kings. Coulev- 
 
 Can we imagine that neither the ambition uf 
 princes, or interest, or gain in private persons, or 
 curiosity and tlie desire of know ledge, or the glory 
 of discoveries, could ever move them in that end- 
 less time to try their fortunes upon the sea. 
 
 Biimtt. 
 Your sex's glorv 'tis to shine unknown, 
 Of ail apfilause, l>e fondest of your own. Your^, 
 
 4. Splendour ; magnificence. 
 
 Solomon, in all his ^'^^ry, was not arrayed hke 
 one of these. Matt. vi. 29. 
 
 Treated so ill, chas'd from your throne. 
 Returning, you adorn the town ; 
 And with a fcrave revenge do show 
 Their glory went and caiue with you. Waiicr. 
 
 Aristotle says, that should a man under ground 
 converse witli works of art, and he afterwards 
 brought up in the open day, and see the several 
 glories of the heaven and earth, he would pro- 
 nounce them the works of God. Addison's Spect. 
 
 5, Lustre ; brightness. 
 5 M 
 
 817
 
 G L O 
 
 Now sleeping flocks on their soft flefces lie ; 
 The mooii, serene in glory, iiKtunts the sk}'. Fope. 
 
 From opening skies may streaming o^/orifs shine, 
 And saints embrace thee with a love Tike mine. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 6. A circle of rays which surrounds the 
 heads of saints in picture. 
 
 It is not a converting but a crowning grace ; 
 such an one as irradiates, and puts a circle of gtory 
 about the head of hira upon whom it descends. 
 
 South. 
 A smile plays with a surprising agreeableness in 
 the eye, breaks out witli the brighest distinction, 
 and sits like a glorii upon the countenance. 
 
 Collier of the Aspect. 
 
 7. Pride ; boastfulnesss ; arrogance. 
 
 By the vain glory of men they entered into tiie 
 world, and tiierefore shall they come shortly to an 
 end. lVi<id. xiv. 14. 
 
 On death-beds some in conscious glory lie, 
 Since of the doctor in the mode they die. Young. 
 
 8. Generous pride. 
 
 The success of those wars was too notable to be 
 unknown to your cars, to which all worthy fame 
 hath glory to come unto. Sidiieij, 
 
 To Gho'RY. v.n. [glo7^iflr J hat."] To boast 
 
 in ; to be proud of. 
 
 With like judgment glorying when he had hap- 
 pened to do a thing well, as when he had per- 
 formed some notable mischief. Sidney. 
 
 They were wont, in tlie pride of their own pro- 
 ceedings, to glory, that whereas Luther did but 
 blow away the roof, and Zuinglius batter hut the 
 wails of popish superstition, the last and hardest 
 work of all remained, which was to raize up the 
 very ground and foundation of popery. Hooker. 
 
 Let them look they glory not in mischief, 
 Kor build their evils on the graves cf great men ; 
 For then my guiltless blood must cry against them. 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 
 Your glorying is not good. 1 Cor. v. 6. 
 
 Tnou hast seen mount Atlas, 
 While storms and tempests thunder on it» brow, 
 And oceans break their billows at its feet, 
 It stands unmov'd, and glories in its height. 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 This title of Freeholder is what 1 most glory in, 
 
 and what most eftectually calls to my mind tlie 
 
 happiness of that government under which T live. 
 
 Addison's FrethoUler. 
 
 If otlM^rs may glory in their birth, why may not 
 we, whose parents were called by God to attend 
 on him at his altar? Altcrbury. 
 
 No one is out of the reach of misfortune ; no 
 one therefore should n;/pri/ii^ his prosperity. C/(iris5a. 
 
 7}> Glose. t. ff. To flatter; to collogue, 
 Hanmer. See To Glozr. 
 
 GLOSS, n.s. [yX«^o-«; glose, Fr.] 
 \. A scholium; a comment. 
 
 They never hear sentence, which mentioneth 
 the word or scripture, but forthwith their g/ossts 
 upcn it are the word preaciied, the scripture ex- 
 plained, or delivered unto us in sermons. Hooker. 
 
 If then all souls, both good and bad, do teach, 
 With gen'ral voice, that souls can never die ; 
 
 'Tis not man's flatt'ringg/iws.but nature's speech, 
 Which, like God's oracles, can never lie. Davies. 
 
 Some mutter at certain passages therein, by 
 putting ill ij/os5es upon the text, and taking with 
 the left hand what I oifer with the right. Howel. 
 
 All this, without ?i gloss or comment. 
 He could unriddle in a moment. Hudibras. 
 
 In many places he has perverted my meaning 
 by his w^fossfs, and interpreted my words into blas- 
 phemy and bawdry, of which they were not guilty. 
 Dryden s Fables, Pr^'ace. 
 
 They give the scandal, and tJie wise discern ; 
 Their glosses teach an age too apt to learn. Dri/dfn. 
 
 E.xplaining the text in short gU^sscs, was Accur- 
 sius's method. Baker on Learning. 
 
 Indentures, cov'nants, articles they draw, 
 Large as the fields themselves, and larger far 
 Tliau civil codes with all tlieir ^/osst's are. Pcp^^ 
 
 G L O 
 
 2. Superficial lustre. In this sense it seems 
 to have another derivation ; it has per- 
 haps some affinity to glow. 
 
 His iron coat all uver-grown with rust, 
 Was underneath enveloped with pold, 
 Whose glistering gloss dark'ned with filthy dust. 
 
 Spenser. 
 You are a sectary, 
 That's the plain truth : your painted n;/(Jss discovers, 
 To men that understand you, words and weakness. 
 
 Shaktsp. 
 Golden opinions from all sorts of people. 
 Which would be worn now in their newest gluss. 
 
 Shakesp. ' 
 
 The doubt will he whether it will polisli so well ; 
 
 for steel glosses are more resplendent than plates 
 
 of brass. Bacmi. 
 
 Weeds that the wind did loss 
 The virgins wore : the youths, woven coats, that 
 
 cast a faint dim gloss, 
 Like that of oil. Chapman*s Iliads. 
 
 It was the colour of devotion, giving a lustre 
 to reverence, and a ^/o5s to humility. South. 
 
 Groves, fields, and meadows, are at any sea- 
 son pleasant to look upon ; but never so much as 
 in the opening of the Spring, when they are all 
 new and fresh, with their first gloss upon them. 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 3. An interpretation artfully specious; a 
 specious representation. This sense seems 
 to partake of both the former. 
 
 Poor painters oft with silly poets join, 
 To fill the world w ith strange but vain conceit ; 
 
 One brings the stuff, the other stamps the coin, 
 Wliich breeds nought else but gbsses of deceit. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 It is no part of my secret meaning to draw you 
 hereby into hatred, or to set upon the face of 'this 
 cause any fairer gloss than the naked trulh doth 
 atford. Hooker, Preface. 
 
 He seems with forged quaint conceit 
 To set a gloss upon his bad intent. Shakesp. 
 
 The common gloss 
 Of theologians. Miltoii. 
 
 To Gloss, v. n. [glosser, Fr. from the 
 noun] 
 
 1 . To comment. 
 
 Thou detain'st Briseis in thy bands. 
 By priestly glossing on the god's commands. Dri/(J. 
 
 2. To make sly remarks. 
 
 Her equals first observ'd her growing zeal. 
 And laughing g/oss'd, that Abra serv'd so well. 
 
 Pritfr. 
 
 To Gloss, v. a. 
 
 1. To explain by comment. 
 
 In parchment then, large as the fields, he draws 
 Assurances, big as gloss'd civil laws. Donne. 
 
 2. To palliate by specious exposition or re- 
 presentation. 
 
 is this the paradise, in description whereof so 
 much glossing and deceiving eloquence halh been 
 spent? Hooker's Sermons 
 
 Do I not reason wholly on your conduct -* 
 You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips. 
 
 3. To embellish with superficial lustre. 
 
 Be thou, who lately of the common strain 
 Wert one of us, if still thou dost retain 
 The same ill habits, the same follies too, 
 Gloss'd over only with a saint-like show, 
 ■Then I resume the freedom which 1 gave. 
 Still thou art bound to vice, and still a slave. 
 
 Dryden's Peij, 
 
 Glo'ssary. n. s. [glossarium, Lat. glo- 
 saire, Fr.] A dictionary of obscure or 
 antiquated words. 
 
 According to Varro, when delubrum was ap- 
 plied to a place, it signified such a one, in quo dei 
 simnlachrum dedicatum est ; and also in the old 
 glossaries. Stillin^eet. 
 
 1 could add another word to the glossary. Kaker. 
 
 Glossa'toe. n, s, [glossaleur, Fr, from 
 
 G L O 
 
 gloss.] A writer of glosses ; a commen- 
 tator. 
 
 The reason why the assertion of a single judge 
 does not prove the existence of judicial acts, is 
 because his ofiRce is to pronounce judgment, and 
 not to become an evidence : but why may not the 
 same be said of two judges? Therefore, in this 
 respect, the glossator's opinion must be false. 
 
 Ayliffe. 
 
 Glosser. n. s. [glossarius, Lat.] 
 
 1. A scholiast; a commentator. 
 
 2. A polisher. 
 
 Glo'ssiness. n. s. [{i-om glossi/.] Smooth 
 polish ; superficial lustre. 
 
 Their surfaces had a smoothness and glossiness 
 much surpassing whatever I had observed in ma- 
 rine or common salt. Boyle. 
 
 Glo'SSOGRAPHER. 71. S. \y\uaaa. and 
 
 y^d(pu.'\ A scholiast ; a commentator, 
 Glo'sSOGRAPHY. n. S. [y^ua-aa. and 
 y^dpu.] The writing of commentaries. 
 Glo'ssy. adj. [from gloss.] Shining; 
 smoothly polished. 
 
 There came towards us a person of place ; he 
 had on him a gown with wide sleeves, of a kind 
 of water-camblet, of an excellent azure colour, 
 far more glosstf than ours. Bacon. 
 
 The rest entire 
 Shone with a gteu scurf. Milton. 
 
 His surcoat was a bearskin on his back ; 
 His hair hung long behind, and glossy raven black 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 JMyself will search our planted grounds at home. 
 
 For downy peaches and the glossy plum. Dryden. 
 
 GLOVE, n. s. [glope, Sax. from klaffue. 
 Dan. to divide.] Cover of the hands. 
 
 They flew about like cliatF i'th'wind ; -j 
 
 For iiaste some left their masks behind, L 
 
 Some could not stay their gloves to find. Drayton. } 
 
 White gloves were on his hands, and on his head 
 
 A wreath of laurel. Dryden. 
 
 To Glove, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 cover as with a glove. 
 
 My limbs, 
 Weaken'd with grief, being now enraged with 
 
 grief. 
 Are thrice themselves ; hence therefore, thou ijice 
 
 crutch ; 
 A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, 
 IMust glove this hand. Shakt$p. Hen. IV. 
 
 The next he preys on is her palm. 
 That alra'ner of transpiring bairn •, 
 So soft, 'tis air but once remov'd ; 
 Tender as 'twere a jelly glov'd. Cleavehnd. 
 
 Glo'ver. n. s. {from glove.] One whose 
 trade is to make or sell gloves. 
 
 Does he not wear a great round beard like a 
 glaier's paring knife ? Shakesp. 
 
 T(> Glout. v. 71. [A low word of which 
 I find no etymology.] To pout ; to look 
 sullen. It is still used in Scotland. 
 
 She lurks in midst of all her den, and streaks 
 From out a ghastly vihirlpool all her necks. 
 Were, glouting round her rock, to fish he falls. 
 
 Chapman. 
 Clouting with sullen spight, the fury shook 
 Her clotted locks, and blasted with each look. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 To GLOW. V. n. [^lofan, Sax. gloeyen. 
 
 Out.] 
 1. To be heated so as to shine without 
 
 flame. 
 
 But sithence silence lesseneth not my fire. 
 But told it flames, and hidden it does glow, 
 I will reveal what ye so much desire. Spenter. 
 
 His goodly eyes. 
 That o'er the files and musters of the war 
 Haveg/iTO'd like plated Mars, now bend, now turn 
 Their oflice upon a tawny front. Shakesp. 
 
 818
 
 G L O 
 
 KunigunH.wife to the emperor Henry II. to sho\r 
 her iuniiccncy, did take seven glowin!^ irons, one 
 after another, in her bare hands, and hud thereby 
 no harm. Hakewitl. 
 
 Not all parts like, but all alike inform'd 
 Wth radiant light, as gloiciug iron with fire. Mill. 
 
 2. To burn with vehement heat. 
 
 Nor would you find it easy to compose^ 
 The mettled steeds, when from their nostrils flows 
 The scorching tire that iu their entrails glows. 
 
 Addiion's Oi-id. 
 
 How op'ning heav'ns their happy region show, 
 
 And yawning gulpbs with flamhig vengeance g/w. 
 
 Smith. 
 Fires that glow. 
 Shrieks of woe. Pope.i 
 
 3. To feel heat of body. 
 
 Did not his temples ghw 
 111 the same sultry w inds and scotching heats ? 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 The cord slide* swiftly through hisgluuing hand s. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 4. To exhibit a strong bright colour. 
 
 With smile that gloivd 
 Celestial rosv red, lovers proper hue. Milton. 
 
 Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. 
 
 Dryden. 
 A malicious joy, 
 Whose red and fiery beams cast ihrousliyour visage 
 A ^(otcing pleasure. Dryden and Let's Oedipn: 
 From the mingled strenglh of shade and light 
 A new creation rises to m^' sight ; 
 Such heav'nly figures from his pencil flow. 
 So warm with life his blended colours glow. 
 Amidst the soft variety I'm lost. Addison. 
 
 Dke th' ethereal glow'd the green expanse. Savage. 
 
 Fair ideas dow. 
 Strike in the sketch, or in the picture glow. Pope. 
 
 Not the fair fruit that on yon branches glows, 
 
 With that ripe red th' autumnal sun bestows. 
 
 Can move the god. ^ Pope. 
 
 Each pleasing Blount shall endless smiles bestow. 
 
 And fair Belinda's blush for ever glow. Pope 
 
 Here clearer stars glow round the frozen pole. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 5. To feel passion of mind, or activity of 
 fancy. 
 
 You strive in vain 
 To hide your thoughts from bira.who knew too well 
 The inward gloicings of a lieart in love. Addis. Cato. 
 
 Forc'd compliments and formal bows 
 Will shew thee just above neglect ; 
 
 The fire with which thy lover glows. 
 Will settle into cold respect. Prior. 
 
 Did Shadrach's zeal my glouing breast inspire 
 To weary tortures, and rejnice in fire. Prior, 
 
 Let the gay conscience of a life well spent 
 Calm ev'ry thought, inspirit ev'r}- grace. 
 Glow in thy heart, and smile upon thy face.Pt>;ie. 
 
 With furies surrounded. 
 Despairing, confounded, 
 He trembles, he glows, 
 Amidst Rhodope's snows. Pope. 
 
 So perish all, whose breast ne'er leam'd to glow 
 For others good, or melt at others woe. Pope. 
 
 To praise is always bard. 
 When real virtue fires the glowing bard. Lewis. 
 
 6. To rage or burn as a passion. 
 
 A fire which every windy passion blows ; 
 With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. 
 
 Ifryden. 
 
 When crept into aged veins. 
 Love slowly burns, and long remains ; 
 It glows, and with a sullen heal. 
 Like fire in logs, it warms us long. Shadwell. 
 
 To Glow. v. a. To make hot so as to 
 shine. Not in use. 
 
 On each side her 
 Stood pretty dimpled boys like smiling Cupids, 
 With divers colour'd fans, whose wind did seem 
 To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Glow. n. .i. [from the verb.] i 
 
 1. Shining heat. i 
 
 2. Vehemence of passion. 
 
 3. Brightness or vividness of colour. 
 
 G L U 
 
 The pale complexion of true love. 
 And the red glow of scorn and proud disdain. 
 
 Shal-.esp. 
 
 A waving glow his bloomy beds display, 
 Blushing in bright diversities of day. Pope. 
 
 .Such as suppose that the great stile might hap- 
 pily be blended with the ornamental, that the sim- 
 ple, grave, and majestic dignity of Raffaelle could 
 unite with ihe glow and bustle of a Paulo, orTiii- 
 toret, are totally mistaken. lieynnUs. 
 
 Glow'worm. n. s. [glow and irorm.] 
 A small creeping grub with a luminous 
 tail. 
 
 The honey bags steal from the humble bees. 
 And for night-tapers crop their waxen thighs. 
 And light them at the fiery glitwwarm's eyes.Sliak. 
 
 ■The glowworm shews the mattin to be near, 
 And 'gins to pale his ineffectual fire. Shakesp. 
 
 A great light drowneth a smaller that it c-innot 
 be seen ; as the sun that of a glouni-orm. Bacon. 
 
 The man, who first upon the ground 
 Aglow worm spy'd, supposing he had found 
 A moving diamond, a breathing stone ; 
 For life it had, and like those jewels shone : 
 He held it dear, 'till by the springing day 
 Informed, he threw the worthless worm awav- 
 
 Il'a/(er. 
 
 To Gloze. r. n. [jlepn, Sax.] 
 
 1. To flatter ; to wheedle ; to insinuate ; 
 to fawn. 
 
 JIan wiH hearken to his glozin" lies. 
 And easily transgress. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 So /jiut'J the tempter, and his proem lun'd. 
 Into the heart of Eve his words made vtay. Milton. 
 
 A false gbzing parasite would call his foolhardi- 
 ness valour, and" then he may go on boldlv, because 
 blindly, and by mistaking himself for a lion, come 
 to perish like an ass. South 
 
 Nor for a g/o:in^ speech. 
 Fair protestations, specious marks of friendship. 
 ^ Phillips. 
 
 2. To comment. This should be gloss. 
 
 Wliich Salique land the French unjustly gloze 
 To be tlie realm of France. Shakesp. 
 
 Gloze. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Flatter}'; insinuation. 
 
 Now to plain dealing; lay these g/o:fs by. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. Specious show ; gloss. Not used. 
 
 Precious cuuches full oft are shaked with a fever; 
 
 If then a bodily evil in a bodily gloze be not hidden, 
 
 Shall such morning dews be an ease to the heat of 
 
 a lover's fire ? Sidney. 
 
 Glo'zen. 7t.s. [from gloze.] A flatterer. 
 
 GLUE. n. s. [glti, Fr. gluten, Lat. glud 
 
 Welsh.] A viscous body commonly made 
 
 by boiling the skins of animalstoagellj-; 
 
 any \-iscou3 or tenacious matter by which 
 
 bodies are held one to another ; a ceinent. 
 
 Water, and all liquors, do hastily receive dry 
 
 and more terrestrial bodies proportionable ; and 
 
 dry bodies, on the other side, drink in waters and 
 
 liquors : so that, as it was well said by one of the 
 
 ancients of earthly and watry substances, one is 
 
 a Bbie to another. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The driest and most transparent glne is the best. 
 
 Mojon, 
 To build the earth did chance materials cliuse, 
 And through the parts cementing glue dilFuse. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will 
 
 make a sort of glue. ArbiUhnot on Aliments. 
 
 To Glue. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 I . To join with a viscous cement. 
 I fear thy overthrow 
 More than mv tody's parting with my soul : 
 My love and'feai glu'd many friends to thee. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Whoso leacbeth a fool is as one that glnelh a 
 
 potsherd together. Eccles. xxii. 7. 
 
 The custom of crowning the Holy Virgin is so 
 
 much in vogue among tlie Italians, that one often 
 
 G L U 
 
 sees in their churches a little tinsel crown, or a cir- 
 cle of stars, glued to the canvas over llie head of 
 the figure. Addison on Itatu. 
 
 Most wounds, if kept dean, and from the air, 
 the flesh will glue together with 'lis owanative bal.m. 
 
 Derhani. 
 
 2. To hold together. 
 
 Tlie parts of all homogrneal hard oodles, which 
 fully touch one another, stick together very strong- 
 ly ; and for explaining how this may he, some have 
 invented hooked atoms, which is begging the ques- 
 tion ; and others tell us their bodies arc glued to- 
 gether by rest ; that is, by an occult quality, <ir 
 rather by nothing. \eicton't Opticki 
 
 ■i. To join ; to unite ; to inviscate. 
 
 Those wasps in a honey pot are sensual men 
 plunged in their lusts and pleasures ; and when 
 they are once glued to them, 'lis a very hard nat- 
 ter to work themselves out. L'Fttrange. 
 
 Intemperance, sensuahly, and fleshly hisU, dn 
 debase mens mindi and clog their spirits ; sink us 
 down into sense, and glue us to tliose low and in- 
 ferior things. TUlolson. 
 
 She curb'd a groan, that else had come ; 
 And pausing, view'd the present in :hc tomb 
 Then to the heart ador'd devoutly glu'd 
 Her lips, and, raising it, her speech leuevi'd.Dryd. 
 
 I hear thee, view thee, gaze o'er all thy channs. 
 And round thy phantom glue my clasping arms. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Gllt'eboiler. n. s. [glue and boil.] One 
 
 whose trade is to make glue. 
 Glu'er. n. s. [from glue.] One who 
 
 cements with glue. 
 Glum. adj. [A low cant word formed by 
 
 corrupting g-/oom.] Sullen; stubbornly 
 
 grave. 
 Some, when thev hear a-story, look glum, and 
 
 cry. Well what then ? Otiardian. 
 
 To GLUT. V. a. [engloutir, Fr. g/ulio, 
 Lat. to swallow ; y>,v^a.] 
 
 1. To swallow; to devour. 
 
 *I"ill cram'd and gorg'd, nigh burst 
 With suck'd and gfuert oflal. Milton. 
 
 2. To cloy ; to till beyond sufficiency ; to 
 sate ; to disgust. 
 
 The ambassador, making his oration, did so 
 magnify the king and queen, as was enough to 
 glut the hearers. _ Bacon. 
 
 Love breaks friendship, whose delights 
 Feed, but not glut our appetites. Denham. 
 
 What way remove 
 His settled hate" and reconcile his love. 
 
 That he may look propitious on our toils, 
 -ind hungry graves no more be glutted with our 
 spoils. Dryden, 
 
 N o more, my friend ; 
 Here lei uur g/ntttd execution end. Drjrffii's .^n. 
 
 i found 
 The fickle ear soon glutted with the sound, 
 Condemii'd eternal changes to pursue, 
 Tir'd with the last, and eager of the new. Pr'ior. 
 
 3. To feast or delight even to satiety. 
 
 With deaths' carcase ^(iit the grave. Milt.m. 
 
 His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice. 
 Torn from his breast, to giul'lhe tyrant's eyes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 A sylvan scene, which, rising by degrees. 
 Leads up the eye below, nor gluts the sight 
 With one full prospect ; but invites by many. 
 To view at last the whole. Dryden. 
 
 4. To overfill ; to load. 
 
 He attributes the ill success of either party to 
 their glutting the market, and retailing too much 
 of a bad commodity at i nee. Arbuthnot. 
 
 5. To saturate. 
 
 The menstrum, being already glutted, could 
 not act powerfully enough to dissolve it. Boyle. 
 
 Glut. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . That which is gorged or swallowed. 
 
 Disgorged foul 
 Their devifish glui, chain'd thunderbolts and hail 
 Of iron globes. Milton's Par. Lett. 
 
 819
 
 G L U 
 
 2. Plenty even to loathing and satiety. 
 
 So death 
 Shall be dereiv'd his ^Int ; and with us two 
 Be forc'd to satisfy his rav'ndiis maw. Milton. 
 
 Lei him but set the one in balancn aeainst tlie 
 other, and he shall hnd himself mi.serfible, even 
 ill the very glut of his delights. L' Estrange. 
 
 A glut uf study and reiirenicnt in tlic first part 
 of my life, cast me into this ; and this will throw 
 me again into study and retirement, Pofie to Swift. 
 
 3. More than enough ; overmuch. 
 
 If you pour a glut of water upon a botlle, it 
 receives little uf it. Ben Jousons D'tscoverir's. 
 
 4. Any thing that fills up a passage. 
 
 The water some suppose to jjass from the bottom 
 of the sea to the heads of springs, through certain 
 subterranean conduits or cliainiels, until they are, 
 by some glut, stopped, or, by other means, arrested 
 in their passage. JVoodwat-d. 
 
 GLUTINOUS, adj. [glidhieux, Fr. from 
 gluten, Lat.] Gluy; viscous; tenacious. 
 
 The cause of all vivification is a gentle and pro- 
 portionable heat, working upon a glntiuoiis and 
 yielding substance ; for the heat dotli bring furth 
 spirit in that substance, and the substance being 
 glutinous, produceth two effects ; tlie one, that the 
 spirit is detained, and cannot break forth; the 
 other, that the matter, being gentle and yielding, is 
 driven forwards by the motion of the spirits, af- 
 ter some swelling, into sliape and members. Bacort. 
 
 Next this marble venom d seat, 
 Smear'd with gums of glutinous heat. Milton. 
 
 Nourishment too viscid and glutinous to be sub- 
 dued by the vital force. Arbuthnol on Aliments. 
 
 Glu'tinousness. w. 5. [h'om g(uti?W7ts.] 
 Viscosity; tenacity. 
 
 There is a resistance in fluids, which may arise 
 fro^ their elasticity, glutinousness, and the friction 
 of their parts. Cheyne. 
 
 Glu'tton. n. 5. [g/oMfon, Fr, from glu- 
 tiOj Lat. to swallow.] 
 
 1. One who indulges himself too much in 
 eating. 
 
 The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day. and some 
 gluttons have used to have catsflesh baked. Bacon. 
 
 Througli Macer's gullet she runs down. 
 While the vile glutton dines alniie ; 
 And, void of modesty and thought. 
 She follows Bibo's endless draught. P/w. 
 
 If a gbitton was to say in excuse of bis gluttony, 
 tliat be only eats such things as it is lawful to eat, 
 be would make as good an excuse for himself as the 
 greedy, covetous, ambitious tradesman, that should 
 say, he only deals in lawful business. Law. 
 
 2. One eager of any thing to excess. 
 
 The rest bring home in state the happy pair 
 To that last scene of bliss, and leave them there j 
 All those free joys insatiably to prove. 
 With which rich beauty feast the glutton love. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. 
 Their fatal hearts so impiously employ. 'Granvilk. 
 
 To Glu'tton ISE. r. n. [from glutton.] 
 
 To play the glutton ; to be luxurious. 
 Glu'ttonous. adj. [from glutton.] 
 Given to excessive feeding; delighted 
 overmuch with food. 
 
 When they would smile and fawn upon his debts, 
 And take down th' interest in their ghitt'nous 
 maws. Shakesp. 
 
 The exceeding luxuriousness of this gluttonous 
 age, wherein we press nature with overweighty 
 burdens, and finding her strength defective, we 
 take the work out of her hands, and commit it to 
 the artificial help of strong waters. Raleigh. 
 
 Well observe 
 The rule of not too much, by temperance taught 
 In what thou eat'st and drnik'st ; seeking from 
 
 thence 
 Due nourishment, no gluttonous 6e\\g}it. Milton. 
 
 Glu'ttonously. adv. [from glutton- 
 ous.] With the voracity of a glutton, 
 Glu'ttony, n. s, [glutonnie, Fr. from 
 
 G N A 
 
 f;hilton.] Excess of eating; luxury of 
 the table. 
 
 Gluttony, a vice in a great fortune, a curse in a 
 small. Holiitay. 
 
 Their sumptuous siuttonin and gorgeous feasts, 
 On citron tallies or Allantick stone. Milton 
 
 Weil may they fear some miserable end, 
 Whom glu'ttony and want at once attend. Dryden. 
 
 The inliahilants of cold moist countries are ge- 
 nerally more fat than those of warm and dry ; but 
 the most common cause is too great a quantity of 
 food, and too small a quantity of motion ; in plain 
 Eniilisli, gluttonu and laziness. Arbuthnot 
 
 Glli'y. n. s. [from g-/!/f.] Viscous; tena 
 cious ; glutinous. 
 
 It is called balsamick mixture, because it is a 
 gluy .spumous matter. Hurvey on Cojii. 
 
 W ith gluy wax some new foundatious lay 
 Of virgin combs. Dryden's Ajin. Mirah. 
 
 W hatever is the composition of the vapour, let 
 it have but one quality of being very gluy or vis- 
 cous, and it will meclianicaliy solve all the phos- 
 nomena of the grotto. • Addison. 
 
 GLYN. n. s. [Irish; ghann, />;li/n,^\nr. 
 Erse ; glenn, Scott.] A hollow between 
 two mountains. 
 
 Though he could not beat out the Irish, yet 
 
 he did shut them up within those narrow corners 
 
 and glyns under tlie mountain's foot. Spemer. 
 
 To Gnar. 1 d. n. [gnypnanj Sax. Arnor- 
 
 To Gnarl. / rfn. Out.] To growl; to 
 
 murmur; to snarl. 
 
 When he 'gan to rear his bristles strong, 
 And felly gnar, until day's enemy 
 Did him'appease. Spenser. 
 
 Thus is the shepherd beaten from thy side. 
 And wolves are gnurling who shall gnaw thee first. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite 
 The man that mocks at it, and sets it light. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard II. 
 The gnarrine porter durst not whine for doubt ; 
 Still were the furies while their sovereign spoke. 
 
 Failfai. 
 
 Gna'rled. adj. [gnar, nar, or nurr, is 
 in Staffordshire a hard knot of wood 
 which boys drive with sticks.] Knotty. 
 
 Merciful heav'n ! 
 Thou rather with thy sharp and sulph'rous bolt 
 Split'st the unwedgable and gnarled oak, 
 Tnan the soft myrtle. Shakesp. Meas.Jor Meas. 
 
 To Gna.sh. v. a. {knaschen, Dut ] To 
 strike together ; to clash. 
 
 The seer, who could not yet this wrath asswage, 
 Rowl'd his green eyes, that sparkl'd with his rage, 
 And gnash'd his teeth. Dryden's Virg. 
 
 To Gnash, v. n. 
 
 1. To grind or collide the teeth. 
 
 He shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away. 
 
 Ps. cxii.lO. 
 Tkere shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 
 
 Uatt. viii. 
 
 2. To rage even to collision of the teeth ; 
 to fume ; to growl. 
 
 His great iron teeth he still did grind. 
 And grimly gnash, threatning revenge in vain, 
 
 Spenser. 
 They gnashed upon me with their teeth. 
 
 Ps. XXXV. 16. 
 They bira laid 
 Chiashing for anguish, and despite and shame. 
 To find himself not matchless. Milton. 
 
 With boiling rage Atrides burn'd. 
 And foam betwixt his gnashing grinders churn'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 GNAT. n.s. [^nsee, Sax.] 
 
 1 . A small winged stinging insect. 
 
 Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film ; 
 Her waggoner, a small grey-coated gnat. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Any thing proverbially small. 
 
 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat and 
 swallow a camel. Mat. xxiii. 24. 
 
 Gnatflower. n.s. [gnat sad Jlower.] 
 
 G O 
 
 A flower, otherwise called the bee- 
 flower. 
 Gna'tsnapper. n.s. [gnat and snap. 1 
 A bird so called, because he lives by 
 catching gnats. 
 
 They deny that any bird is to be eaten whole, 
 but only the gnatsnapper. Hakeivill on Providenc€. 
 
 To Gnaw. v. a. [jnajan, Sax. knaghen, 
 Dut.] 
 
 1 . To eat by degrees ; to devour by slow 
 corrosion. 
 
 A knowing fellow, that would gna^v a mail 
 Like to a veruiine, with his hellish braine. 
 And many an honest soule, even quick had slain. 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 To you such scabb'd liarsh fruit is giv'n, as raw 
 Young soldiers at their exercising ^au-.i^ry. Juv. 
 
 2. To bite in agony or rage. 
 
 -'Vlas, why gnaw you so your nether lip ^ 
 Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. 
 
 Shakesp. Othellc. 
 They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev. xvi. 10. 
 He comely fell, and dying gnaw'd the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. To wear away by biting. 
 
 Gnawing with my teeth my bonds asunder, 
 1 gain'd my freedom. Shakesp. Comedy of Errours. 
 
 Like rotten fruit 1 fall, worn like a cloth, 
 Gnawn into rags by the devouring moth. Sandys. 
 
 A lion, hampered in a net, called to a mouse to 
 help him out of the snare : the mouse gnaiued the 
 threads to pieces, and set the lion at liberty. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 4. To fret ; to waste ; to corrode. 
 
 5. To pick with the teeth. 
 
 His bones clean pick'd ; his very bones they 
 gnaw. , Dryden. 
 
 To Gnaw. v. n. To exercise the teeth. 
 It is now used actively. 
 
 I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon tU* 
 chain that ties mc ; but I should sooner mar my 
 teeth than procure liberty. Sidney. 
 
 See the hell of having a false woman : my bed 
 shall be abused, my coiiers ransacked, my repu- 
 tation f;T?(nL'?i at. Shakesp, 
 
 i thought I saw a thousand fearful wrecks, 
 A thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon. 
 
 Shakesp. R. III. 
 
 Gna'wer. n. s. [from gnaw.] One that 
 
 gnaws- 
 Gno'mon. n.s. [ynij^uf.'] The hand or 
 
 pin of a dial. 
 
 The gnomon of every dial is supposed to repre- 
 sent the axis of the world, and therefore the two 
 ends or extremities thereof must directly answer 
 to the North and South pole. Harrit. 
 
 There were from great antiquity sun-dials, by 
 the shadow of a style or gnomon, denoting the 
 hours of the day. Broun. 
 
 Gno'monicks. n. s. [yufxcuxii.] A science 
 which makes part of the mathematicks : 
 it teaches to find a just proportion of 
 shadows for the construction of all kinds 
 of sun and moon dials, and for knowing 
 what o'clock it is by means thereof; as 
 also of a gnomon or stile, that throws off 
 the shadow for this purpose. Trevoiix. 
 
 To Go. V. n. pret. / went ; I have gone. 
 [jan. Sax. This was probably changed 
 to gone, or gang, then contracted to 
 go. Went is the preterite of the old 
 word ivend.] 
 
 1. To walk ; to move step by step. 
 
 You know that love 
 \\ ill creep in service where it cannot «. Shakeip. 
 After some months those muscles became cal- 
 lous ; and havingyielded to the extension, the pa- 
 tient iuakes shift to go upon it, though lamely. 
 
 Wisemun's Surgery. 
 
 820
 
 G O 
 
 % To move ; not stand still. 
 
 Rise, let us he going. Matt. xxvi. 46. 
 
 3. To walk solemnly. 
 
 If tlicre be cause for the church to go forth in 
 •olemn procession, tiis wliole family have such bu 
 liuess corae upon them that no one can be spared 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 4. To walk leisurely ; not run. 
 
 And roust 1 go to Wim > 
 —Thou must run to iiira ; for thou hast staid so 
 long, i\\aX going will scarce serve the turn. Shak. 
 
 5. To march or walk a- foot. 
 
 1 will only go through on my feet. 'Num. xx. 19. 
 
 6. To travel ; to journey. 
 
 From them 1 go. 
 This uncouth errand sole. Milton. 
 
 7. To proceed ; to make a progress. 
 
 Thus others we with defamation wound, 
 While they stab us ; and so the jest goes round. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. To remove from place to place. 
 
 1 am in blood 
 Stept in so far, tliat, should 1 wade no more. 
 Returning were as tedious as go o'er. Skakcsp. 
 
 9. To depart from a place ; to remove froxn 
 a place ; the opposite of to come. 
 
 I hope it be not gone, to tell my lord 
 That I kiss aught but him. Shakesp. 
 
 At once, good-night : 
 Stand not upon tlic order of your going, 
 But go at once. Shahesn. Macbeth. 
 
 And when she had so said she went ncr way. 
 
 John, XI. 28. 
 
 I will let jou go, that ye may sacrifice, only jou 
 
 shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28. 
 
 Colchester oysters are put into pits, where the 
 
 ^ngoeth and cometb. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 A young tall squire 
 Did from the camp at first before him go. Cowley. 
 
 Then I concur to let him go for Gruece, 
 And wish our Egypt fairly rid of him. Dryden. 
 
 Go first the master of thy herds to find, 
 True to his charge, a loyal swain and kind. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 10. To move or pass in any manner, or to 
 any end. 
 
 Though the vicar be bad, or the parson be evil. 
 Go not for thy tything thyself to the devil. '/"iiSier. 
 
 She may g^o to bed when she list; all is as she 
 will. Shakesp. 
 
 You did wish that I would make her turn ; 
 Sir, she can turn and turn, and yet go on. Shah. 
 
 I am glad to see your lordship abroad : I heard 
 say your lordship was sick : 1 hope your lordship 
 goei abroad by advice. Shaktsp. 
 
 The mourners go about the streets. Eccl. xii. 5. 
 
 The sun shall go duwn over the prophets, and 
 the day shall be dark over them. Mac. Vn. 6. 
 
 Put every man his sword by his side, and go in 
 and out from gate to gate throughout the camp. 
 
 F.x. xxxii. 27. 
 
 The sun, which once did shine alone, 
 Hung down his head, and wish'd for night. 
 
 When he beheld twelve suns fur one 
 Going about the world, and giving light. Herbert. 
 
 This seentherest atiiwfui distance stood, 
 As if they had been there as servants set. 
 
 To stay, or to go on, as he thought good, 
 And not pursue, but wait on his retreat. Dryden. 
 
 Turn not children going, till you have given 
 them all the satisfaction they are capable of. Locke. 
 
 History only acquaints us that his fleet went up 
 the Elbe, he having carried his arras as far as that 
 river. ArbnthmH 
 
 The last advice T give you rt lates to ynur be- 
 haviour when you are going to he hanged, which, 
 either for robbing your master, for house breaking, 
 or going upon the highway, may very probably be 
 your lot. SicifVs Directions to the Footman. 
 
 Those who come (ot gold will go oft' with pew- 
 ter and brass, rather then return empty. Sunft. 
 
 11. To pass in company with others. 
 
 Thou shall again be adorned witli thy tabrets, 
 «nd shalt go forth in the dances of them that make 
 merry. Jer. xxxi. 4 
 
 G O 
 
 Away, and with thee go, the worst of woos. 
 That seek'st ray friendship, and the gods thy foes, 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 He goeth in company with the workers of ini- 
 quity, and walketh with wicked men. Job 
 
 Whatever remains in story of Atlas, or his king 
 dom of old, is so obscured with age or fables, that 
 it may go along with those of the Atlantick is- 
 lands. Temple. 
 
 12. To proceed in any course of life good 
 or bad. 
 
 And the Levitcs that are gone away far from 
 me, when Israel went astray, which went astray 
 away from me after tlieir idols, they shall even 
 bear tlK'ir iniquity. Ezek. xliv. 10, 
 
 13. To proceed in mental operations. 
 
 If I had unwarily too far engaged myself fof 
 the present publishing it, truly I sliuuld have kept 
 it by me till 1 had once again gone over it. 
 
 Di^by on the Soul, Di:dicatio}i 
 
 Thus I have gone through the speculative con- 
 sideration of the Divine Providence. Hale 
 
 I hr-pe, by going over all these particulars, you 
 may receive'some tolerable satisfaction about ilii-s 
 great subject. South. 
 
 If we go over the laws of Christianity, we sha 
 find that, excepting a few particulars, tht^y enioin 
 the same things, only they have made our ciuty 
 more clear ancT certain. 'rUlotsori. 
 
 In their primary qualities we can go but a very 
 little way. Locke. 
 
 T go over some parts of tliis argument again, 
 and enlarge a little more upon them. Locke. 
 
 They are not able all their life-time to reckon, 
 or regularly go over any moderate series of num- 
 bers. Locke. 
 
 1 4. To take any road. 
 
 1 will go along by the highway ; I will neither 
 turn to the right hand, nor to the ieh.Deut. ii. 27. 
 
 Who shall bemoan thee ? Or who shall go aside 
 to ask how thou doest? Jer. xv. 5. 
 
 His horses go about 
 Almost a mile. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 I have endeavoured to escape into the ease and 
 freedom of a private scene, where a man may go 
 his own way and his own pace. Temple. 
 
 15. To march in a hostile or warlike manner. 
 
 You were advis'd his flesh was capable 
 Of wounds and scars, and that his forward spirit 
 Would lift where roost trade of danger rang d ; 
 Yet did you say go forth. Shakesp. Hen. iV. 
 
 We be not able to^o up against the people ; for 
 they are stronger than we. Numb. xiii. 31. 
 
 Let us go down after the Philistines by night, 
 and spoil them until the morning light. 1 Sa. xiv. 36 
 
 Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to 
 fight with him. 1 Sa. xvii. 33. 
 
 The remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gen- 
 tiles as a lion among the beasts of the forest ; who, 
 if he go through, both treadeth down and teareth 
 iu pieces, and none can deliver. Mic. v. 8. 
 
 IG. To change state or opinion for better or 
 
 worse. 
 
 We will not hearken to the king's words to go 
 from our religion. 1 Mac. ii. 22. 
 
 The regard of the publick state, in so great a 
 danger, made all those goodly things, whicli went 
 so to wreck, to be lightly accounted of in com- 
 parison of their lives and liberty. Jinollcs. 
 
 They look upon men and matters with an evil 
 eye ; and are best pleased when things go back- 
 ward, which is the worst property of a servant of 
 a prince or state. Bacon. 
 
 All goes to ruin, they themselves contrive 
 To rob the honey, an^ subvert the hive. Dnjdm. 
 
 Landed men, by their providence and good iius- 
 bandry, accomodating their expences to their in- 
 come, keep themselves from goirtg backwards in 
 the world. Locke. 
 
 Cato, we all go into your opinion. Addison. 
 
 17, To apply one's self. 
 
 Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a 
 
 G O 
 
 resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to ius- 
 tify his cruel falsehood. Sidney, 
 
 Because this atheist goes mechanically to work, 
 lie will not otfer lo affirm that all the parts of the 
 embryon could, according to his explication, be 
 furnicd at a time. BentUy. 
 
 1 8. To have recourse to. 
 
 Dare any of you, having a matter against ano- 
 ther, ^o to law before the unjust, and not before 
 the saints? 1 Car. 
 
 19- To be about to do. 
 
 So extraordinary an example, in so degenerate 
 an age, deserves for the rarity, and, I vi;xi going 
 to say, for the incredibility of it, the attestatio.-i 
 of all that knew him, and considered his worth. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 20, To shift ; to pass life not quite weU. 
 
 Every gohlsmith, eager to engross to himself at 
 
 much as lie could, was content to pay high for it, 
 
 rather than "o witlirmt. Locke, 
 
 Cloaths ihey must have ; but if they speak for 
 
 thii &tuti", or that colour, they should be sure U> ^a 
 
 without it. Locke. 
 
 2J. To decline; to tend towards death or 
 
 ruin. This sense is only in the partici- 
 ples goinfc and gojte, 
 
 lie is far ^oMe, and, truly, in my youth, 
 Isuffer'd much extremity for love, 
 Very near this. Shakesp, Hamlet. 
 
 22. To be in party or design. 
 
 They with the vanquish'd prince and party go. 
 And leave their temples empty to the (oe. Dryden. 
 
 23. To escape, 
 
 Timotheus himself fell into the hands of Dosi- 
 theus and Sosipater, whom he besought with much 
 craft tu let him go with his life. 2 iliac, xii. '24. 
 
 24. To tend to any act. 
 
 There be some women, Silvius, had tliey mark'd 
 him 
 In parcels as I did, would have gone near 
 To fall in love with him. Shakesp. As you like it, 
 
 25. To be uttered. 
 
 His disciples personally appeared among them 
 and ascertained tlie report which had gone abroad 
 concerning a life so full of miracles. Addison. 
 
 26. To be talked of; to be known. 
 
 It has the greatest town iu the island thatgoti 
 under the name of Ano-Caprea, and is in several 
 places covered with a very fruitful soil. Addison. 
 
 27. To pass ; to be received. 
 
 Because a fellow of my acquaintance set forth 
 her praises in verse, I will only repeat thera, and 
 spare my own tongue, since she goes for a woman. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 And the man ttT^jt among men for an old man 
 in the days of Saul. 1 .Sa. xvii. V2. 
 
 A kiiicf imagination makes a bold man have vi- 
 gour and enterprize in his air and motion ; it 
 stamps value upon Ills face, and tells the people 
 he is to^o fur so nmch. Collier. 
 
 Clippnig should be finally stopped, and the mo- 
 ney whicli remains should go according to ns true 
 value. Locke. 
 
 28. To move by mechanism. 
 
 This pope is decrepid , and the bell goeth for him. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Clocks will go as they are set ; but man, 
 Irregular man's never constant, never certain. 
 
 Otwau. 
 
 'Tis with our judgments as our watches, none 
 
 Go just alike, yet each believes his own. Fope. 
 
 \19. To be in motion from whatever cause. 
 
 The waywar'i sisters, hand in hanil. 
 Posters ot the sea, and land, 
 Thus do ^f) about, about. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Clipt and washed money goes about, when the 
 entire and weighty lies hoarded up. WalUr 
 
 30. To move in any direction. 
 
 Doctor, he is a carer of souls, and you a curer 
 
 of bodies: if you should fight, you go against the 
 
 hair of your profcs ions. Shakesp. 
 
 Shall lilt' '^hadov go forward ten dcCTeei, or go 
 
 bvic ten degrees 2 Kings, xx. y. 
 
 31 . To flow ; to pass; to have a course. 
 
 821
 
 G O 
 
 Tht' god I am, wliose j'ellow water flows 
 Around these fields, and fattens as it goes, 
 Tyber 013- name. Drydcns Mn. 
 
 32. To have any tendency. 
 
 Athenians, know 
 A^rainst right reason all your counsels g;o, 
 This is not fair, nor profitable that, 
 Nor t'other question proper for debate, Dryden, 
 
 33. To be in a state of compact or part- 
 nership. 
 
 As a lion was bestriding an ox that he had newly 
 ()lucked down, a robber passing by cried out to 
 hini, hnlf shares; you should g-o your snip, says 
 the lion, if you were not so forward to be your 
 own carver. L'Estraiige. 
 
 There was a hunting match agreed upon be- 
 twixt a lion, an ass, and a fox, and they were to 
 go equal shares ui the booty. L Estrange. 
 
 34. To be regulated by any method ; to 
 proceed upon principles. 
 
 Where the multitude bearetii sway, laws that 
 shall tend to the preservation of that state must 
 make common smaller offices to gn by lot, for fear 
 of strife and divisions likely to arise. Hooker. 
 
 We are to go by another measure. Spratt, 
 
 The principles I there went on, I sec no reason 
 to alter. Locke. 
 
 The reasons that they went upon were very spe- 
 cious and probable. Bentley. 
 
 35. To be pregnant. 
 
 Great bellied women. 
 That had Hot half a week to go. Shakesp, 
 
 The fruit she goes with, 
 I pray that it good time and life may find. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 Of living creatures some are a longer lime in 
 
 the womb, and some shorter : women^o commonly 
 
 nine months, the cow and ewe about six months. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Some do go with their young the sixth part of 
 
 3 year, or two over or under, that is, about six or 
 
 nine weeks : and the whelps of these see not till 
 
 twelve days. Brovm. 
 
 And now with second hopes she goes, 
 And calls Lucina to her throwi. Milton. 
 
 36. To pass ; not to remain. 
 
 She began to affiict him, and his strength weyit 
 from him. Judges, xvi. 19. 
 
 When our merchants have brought them, if our 
 commodities will not be enough, our money must 
 go to pay for them. 'Locke. 
 
 37. To pasSjOrbe loosed not to be retained. 
 
 Tlien he lets me go. 
 And, with head over his shoulder turn'd, 
 He seem'd to find his way without his eyes. Skak. 
 Let go the hand of that arch herelick. Shakesp. 
 
 38. To be expended. 
 
 Scholar? are close and frugal of their words, 
 and not willing to let any go for ornament, if they 
 will not serve for use. FelUvi. 
 
 39. To be in order of time or place. 
 
 We nui?;l enquire farther what is the connexion 
 
 of that sentence with those that go befoie it. and 
 
 those which follow it. Watts. 
 
 40. To reach or be extended to any degree. 
 
 Can another man perceive that I nm conscious 
 of any thing, when I perceive it not myself? No 
 man's knowledge here can^o beyond' his expe- 
 rience. Locke. 
 
 41. To extend to consequences. 
 
 It is not one master that either directs or takes 
 notice of these : it goes a great way barely to per- 
 mit them. Lilstraugc. 
 
 42. To reach by effects. 
 
 Considering the eheapness, so much money 
 niiglit go farther than a sum ten times greater could 
 do now. Wilkhis. 
 
 43. To extend in meaning. 
 
 His amorous expressions go no further than vir- 
 tue may allow. Dryden s Ovid, Preface. 
 
 44. To spread; to be dispersed ; to reach. 
 
 Wliose tle»h, turn olT by Iiimps, the rav'jious foe 
 In morsels cut, to make it farther £ti. Tate. 
 
 G O 
 
 45. To have influence; to be of weight; 
 to be of value. 
 
 1 had another reason to decline it, that ever uses 
 to ^o far with me upon all new inventions Or ex- 
 periments; which is, that the best trial of them 
 IS by time, and observing whether they live or no. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 'Tis a rule that goes a great way in the govern- 
 ment of a sober man's life, not to put any thing 
 to hazard that may be secured by industry, consi- 
 deration, or circumspection. UEstrange. 
 
 Whatever appears against their prevailing vice 
 goes for nothing, being either not applied, or pas- 
 sing for libel und slander. Swift. 
 
 4G. To be rated one with another; to be 
 
 considered with regard to greater or less 
 
 worth. 
 
 1 think, as the world goes, he was a good sort 
 of man enough, Arbuthnot. 
 
 47. To contribute ; to conduce ; to con- 
 cur; to be an ingredient. 
 
 The medicines which go to the ointments are so 
 strong, that, if they were used inwards, they 
 would kill those that use them. Bacon. 
 
 More parts cf the greater wheels fi-o to the mak- 
 ing one part of their Tines. GlSiviUe's Scepsis, 
 
 There goes a great many qualifications to the 
 
 compleatmg this relation : there is no small share 
 
 of honour and conscience and sufficiency required, 
 
 Colder of Friendship _ 
 
 I give the sex their revenge, by laying together 
 the many vicious characters that prevail in the 
 male world, and shewing the ditlerent ingredients 
 that go to the making up of such ditf^rent hu- 
 mours and constitutions. Addison. 
 
 Something better and greater than high birth 
 and quality must ^0 toward acquiring those demon- 
 strations of publiek esteem and love. Su-ft to Pope. 
 
 48. To fall out, or terminate ; to succeed. 
 
 Your strong possession much more than your right. 
 Or else it must go wrong with 3'ou and me. Shak. 
 
 Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault 
 I' th' boldness of your speecli. Shakesp. 
 
 1 will send to thy father, and they shall declare 
 unto him how things go with thee. Tob. x. 0. 
 
 In many armies, if the matter should be tried 
 by duel between two champions, the victory shall 
 go on the one side ; and yet, if it be tried by the 
 gross, it would go on the other side. ifacon. 
 
 It has been the constant observation of all, thai 
 if a minister had a cause depending in the court, 
 it was ten to one but it went against him. South. 
 
 At the time of the prince's landing, the father, 
 easily foreseeing how tilings would go, went over, 
 like marwy others, to the prince. Swift. 
 
 Whether the cause goes for me or against me, 
 you must pay me the reward. Watts^s Logick. 
 
 49. To be in any state. This sense is 
 impersonal. 
 
 It shall go ill with htm that is left in his taber- 
 nacle. Job, XX. 
 
 He called his name Beriah, because it went 
 evil with his house. 1 Ckron. vii. 23. 
 
 50. To proceed in train or consequence- 
 
 How goes the nighf, boy '^ 
 — T)ie moon is down ; I have not heard the clock ; 
 And she goes down at twelve. Shakesp. 
 
 I had hope, 
 W^hen violence was ceased, and war on earth, 
 Ail would have then gone well. Milton. 
 
 Duration in itself is to he considered as going 
 on in one constant, equal, uniform course. Locke. 
 
 51. To go about. To attempt; to endea- 
 vour; to set one's self to any business. 
 
 O dear father. 
 It h thy business that I go about. Shakesp. 
 
 I lost him ; but so found, as well I saw 
 He could not lose himself, but went about 
 His father's business. Milton. 
 
 Which answer exceedingly united the vulgar 
 minds to them, who concurred only with them 
 as they saw ilieni like to prevail in what they 
 wait about. Clarendon. 
 
 (J o 
 
 Some men, from a false persuasion that they 
 cannot reform their lives, and root out their old 
 VICIOUS habits, never so much as attempt, endea- 
 vow, or go about it. South. 
 
 ■ u\^" ™^ ^°°^ " P'*'"'y enough written to be 
 rightlj^ understood bj those who peruse it with at- 
 tention and indifferency, or else 1 liave writ mine 
 so obscurely that it is iu vain to go about to mend 
 it. Locke. 
 
 They never go about, as in former times, to hide 
 or palliate their vices ; bat expose them freely to 
 ^■ew- Hwift. 
 
 52. To go aside. To err; to deviate from 
 the right. 
 
 If any man's wife go aside, and commit a tres- 
 pass against him A'umft. v. 12. 
 
 53. To go between. To interpose ; to mo- 
 derate between two, 
 
 I did go between them, as I said ; but more than 
 that, he' loved her ; for, indeed, he was mad fi.r 
 her. Shakesp. 
 
 54. To go by. To pass away unnoticed. 
 
 Do not you come my tardiness to chide. 
 That laps'd in time and passion, lets go by 
 Til' important acting of your dread command ? 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 So much the more our carver's excellent, 
 Which \eligoby some sixteen years, and makes her 
 As she liv'd now. Shakesp. U'ijifer's Tale. 
 
 What's that to us ? The time goes by ; away. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 5b. To go by. To find or get in the con- 
 clusion. 
 
 In arjiument with men a women ever 
 Ones by the worse, whatever be her cause. Miltirn, 
 
 He's sure to m ii/ the worst that contends with 
 an adversary llAt is too mighty for him. L'£stran^e. 
 
 56. To go by. To observe as a rule. 
 
 'Tis not to be supposed, that by searching one 
 can |50sitively judge of the size. ind form of a stone]; 
 and indeed the frequency of the fits, and violence 
 of the symptons, are a better rule to go by. 
 
 Sharpens Surgery. 
 
 57. To go down. To be swallowed ; to be 
 received ; not rejected. 
 
 Nothing so ridiculous, nothing so impossible, 
 but it goes down whole with liim for truth and 
 earnest. _ ^ L'Estrange. 
 
 Folly will not easily go down in its own natural 
 form with discerning judges. Dryden. 
 
 If he be hungry, bread will go down. Locke. 
 
 Ministers are so wise to leave their proceedings 
 to be accounted fi..r by reasoners at a distance, who 
 often mould them into the sj'stems that do not only 
 go down very well in the colieehouse, but are sup- 
 plies for pamphlets in the present age. Swift. 
 
 58. To go in and out. To do the business 
 of life. 
 
 The Lord shall preserve thy going out and thy 
 coming in. Fsai. 
 
 59. To go in and out. To be at liberty. 
 
 He snail go in and out, and find pasture. John. 
 
 60. To go off. To die ; to go out of life ; 
 to decease- 
 
 I would the friends we miss were safe arrived : 
 Some must go off; and yet, by these 1 see 
 So great a day as this is cheaply bought. Shakesp. 
 
 In this manner he went off, not like a man that 
 departed out of life, but one that returned to his 
 abode. TatUr. 
 
 81. To go off. To depart from a post. 
 
 The leaders having charge from you to stand. 
 Will not go 0^ until they hear you speak. 
 
 Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 62. To go on. To make attack. 
 
 Bold Cethegus, 
 Whose valour 1 have turn'd into his poison. 
 And prais'd so to daring, as lie would 
 Oo on upon the Gods. Ben JoniM. 
 
 63. To go on. To proceed. 
 
 He found it a great war to keep that peace, but 
 
 was fain to go on in his story. Sidney. 
 
 He that desires only that the work of God and 
 
 822
 
 G O 
 
 religion shall go on, is pleased with it, whoever is 
 the instrument. Taxilnr. 
 
 I have escaped many threats of ill fits by these 
 motions; if ibey go on, the only poltice I have 
 dealt with ia. wool from the belly of a fat sheep. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 To look upon the soul as gwi^ on from streiij^tJi 
 to strength, to consider thai sne is to shine for 
 ever with new accessions of glory, and brighten 
 to all eternity, is ^tjreeable' Addison. 
 
 Go on cheerfully m the glorious cause you have 
 undertaken. Addisim. 
 
 Copious bleeding is the most ctfectual remedy 
 in the beginning of the disease : but when the ex- 
 pectoration g-oes on successfully, not so proper, be- 
 cause it sometimes suppresseth it, 
 
 Arbutlmot on Diet. 
 
 I have already handled some abus<'S during the 
 late mana^emeiTt, and in convenient time shall go 
 on with the rest. Sirijl. 
 
 When we had found that design impraticable, 
 wc should not hare g^ne on in so expansive a ma- 
 nagement of it. _ Swift. 
 
 Many clergymen write in so diminutive a man- 
 ner, with sucfi frequent blots and interlineations, 
 that they are hardly able to g-o on without perpe- 
 tual hesitations, or extraordinary expletives. 5ii'j/i^. 
 
 1 w ish you health to go on with that noble work. 
 
 Berkley. 
 
 64!. To go over. To revolt ; to betake him- 
 self to another party, 
 
 hi the change of religion, men of ordinary un- 
 derstandings don't SD much consider the principles 
 as the practice of those to whom they go over. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Power, which according to the old maxim, was 
 used to follow, is now gone over to money. Swift. 
 
 65. To go out. To go upon any expedition. 
 
 You need not have pricked me : there are other 
 men fitter io go out than I. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 66. To go out. To be extinguished. 
 
 Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out. 
 With titles blown from adulation^ SJtak. Hen. V. 
 
 Spirit of wiue burned till ii go out of itself, will 
 burn no more. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 The care of a state, or an array, ought to be as 
 constant as the chyiuist's fire, to make any great 
 production ; a'nd if it goes out for an hour, pernaps 
 the whule operation fails. Temple. 
 
 The morning, as mistaken, turns about ; 
 And all her early fires a^^'m go out. Dryd. Aureng. 
 
 Let the acquaintance be decently buried, and 
 tbe flame rather go out than be smothered. Collier. 
 
 Aly blnod runs cold, my heart forgets to heave. 
 And life itself goes out at thy displeasure. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 And at her felt approach and secret might, 
 Art after art goes out, and all is night. Po/itf's Dime. 
 
 67. Togo through. To perform thoroughly; 
 to execute. 
 
 finding Pyrocles every way able to go through 
 with that kind of life, he was as desirous for his 
 sake as for his own to enter into it. Sidney. 
 
 if you can as well gn through with the statute 
 laws of that laud, 1 will think you have not lost 
 all your time there. Spenser. 
 
 Kinos ought not to suffer their council to go 
 through with resolution and direction, as if it de- 
 pended on them, but take the matter back iuto 
 their own liands. Bacon. 
 
 He much feared the ear! of Antrim bad not 
 steadiness o-f mind cnougK to go through with such 
 an undertaking. Clarendon. 
 
 The amazing difficulty and greatness of his ac- 
 count will rather terrify than inform him, and 
 keep him from setting heartily* about such a task, 
 a,3 he despairs ever to go through with it. 
 
 South^s Sermons. 
 
 The powers in Germany are borrowing money, 
 in order to go through their part of the expence. 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 68. To ffo through. To suffer; to undergo. 
 1 tell thee i^at it is absolutely necessary for the 
 
 common good that thou s'houidest go through tliis 
 operation. Arbuthnot. 
 
 69. To go upon. To take as a principle. 
 
 This supposition I have gone upon through those 
 papers. AddUoii. 
 
 G O A 
 
 70. The senses of this word are very indis- 
 tinct : its general notion is motion or 
 progression. It commonly expresses pas- 
 saae from a place, in opposition to comr. 
 This is often observable even in fi/rura- 
 tive expressions. We say, the words that 
 go before and that come after : to day 
 goes away and to-morrow comes. 
 Go TO. iiiterj. Come, come, take the 
 right course. A scornful exhortation. 
 
 C''0 to then, U tluiu far renowned sun 
 Of great Apollo ,• shew thy famous might 
 lu medicine. Spenser. 
 
 Go to, go to, tliou art a foolisli fellow ; 
 Let me be clear of ihec. Shnkrsp. Ttceljih Ki^ht. 
 
 My favour is not bought v\iih words like tlie^e ; 
 Goto; you'll teach your tongue annlhcr tale. Uuwe. 
 
 Go-by. n.s. Delusion; artifice; circum- 
 vention ; over-reach. 
 
 Except ail apprentice is instructed how to adul- 
 terate and varnish, and give you the ^o ftj/ upon 
 occasion, his master may be charged with neglect. 
 Collier on Pride. 
 Go-CART. n. s. [goandcai'l.] A machine 
 in which children are inclosed to teach 
 them to walk, and wliich they push for- 
 ward without danger of falling. 
 Young cliildren, who are try'd in 
 Go-carts, to keep their steps from sliding. 
 When members knit, and legs grow stronger, 
 Make use of such machine no longer. Prior. 
 
 Goad. n. s. [^ab, Sax.] A pointed in- 
 strument with which oxen are driven for- 
 ward. 
 
 Oft in his harden'd hand a. goad he bears. Pope. 
 
 To Goad. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To prick or drive with the goad. 
 
 2. To incite ; to stimulate; to instigate ; 
 to drive forward. 
 
 Most dangerous 
 Is that temptation, that d(Jth goad us oq 
 To sin in luviiig virtue. Shakesp. Meas.for Meas. 
 
 Goaded with most sharp occasions. 
 Which lay nice manners by, I put you to 
 The use of your own virtues. Shakesp. 
 
 Of all that breathes the various progeny, 
 Stung with delight, is goaded on by uiee.Dryden. 
 
 Goal. 7t. s. [gauk, Fr. a long pole, set 
 
 up to mark the bonds of the race.] 
 
 1. The land mark set up to bound a race ; 
 the point marked out to which racers 
 run. 
 
 As at the Olympian games, or Pythian fields, 
 Part curb their liery steeds, or shun the £;(jai 
 With rapid wheels Milions Par. Lost. 
 
 And the slope sun his upward beam 
 Shoots against the dusky pole. 
 Pacing toward the other goal. Milton. 
 
 2. The starting post. 
 
 Hast thou beheld, when from the goa^ they start. 
 The youthful cliarioteers with heaving heart _ 
 Rush to the race ? Dryden's Tirgil. 
 
 3. The final purpose ; the end to which a 
 design tends. 
 
 Our poet has alwa3's the goal in his eye, which 
 directs him in his race; some beautiful design, 
 which he first establishes, and then contrives the 
 means, which will naturally conduct him to his 
 end. Dryden. 
 
 Each individual »eks a several goal ; 
 But heav'n'j great view is one, and that the whole. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 So man, who here seems principal alone. 
 Perhaps acts second to some sphere unknown ; 
 Toudies some wheel, or verges to some goal ; 
 'Tis but a part we see, and not a whole. Pojic. 
 
 4. It is sometimes improperly written for 
 gaol, or jail. 
 
 G O 1} 
 
 GOAR. n.s. l^orcr, Wehh.] .\ny edging 
 sewed upon cloth to strengthen it. 
 
 .VA/nner. 
 
 GOAT. n.s. [^ar, .Sa.x. and Scott.] A 
 
 rimiinant annual tiiat seems a middle 
 
 species between deer and sheep. 
 
 Uall t f goat, and siii)S of yew. Sliak. Macbeth, 
 
 We Cyclojis care not for your goat-fed Jove, 
 
 Nor other blest ones; we are better farre. Chapm. 
 
 You may draw naked boys riding and playing 
 
 with their paper-mills upon goatt, eagles, or doP 
 
 phins. Peachum. 
 
 The little bear that rock'd the mighty Jove, 
 Theswan whose borrow'd shape concealed hislovc, 
 Are grac'd with light; the nursing rnwtj repaid 
 Witii heav'n, and duty rais'd the pious uiaid. 
 
 Creech, 
 Goa'tceard. n. s. [goat and beard; 
 
 bubra cupii.] A plant. 
 Goa'tchaher. n.s. An insect; a kind 
 of beetle. liailtj/. 
 
 Goa'therd. n.s. [jar and hypo, Sax. 
 a feeder or tender.] One whose employ- 
 ment is to tend goats. 
 
 Is net thilk same goatherd proud, 
 That sits on yonder bank. 
 
 Whose straying herd themselves dotli shroud 
 Anion;; the bushes rank ? Spenser's Vasturals. 
 
 The first gave the goatherd good contt ntincnt, 
 and the marquis and liis servant chaced the kid 
 about tlie stack. Wotlon. 
 
 Goa'tmarjoram. n.s. The same with 
 Goatsbeard. 
 
 Goa'tsmilk. n.s. [goat a-nik milk "[ Thi« 
 is more properly two words. 
 
 After the fever and such like accidents are di- 
 minished, asses and goatsmilk may be necessary. 
 It isemans Surgery. 
 
 Goa'TMILKER. n.s. [goat and milker.] 
 A kind of owl so called from sucking 
 goats. Builti/. 
 
 Goat's Rue. n. s. [galega.] A plant. 
 
 Goat's Hue has the reputation of being a great 
 alexijiharmick and sudorilick ; the Italians eat it 
 raw and lioiled ; with us it is of no esteem, hilt. 
 
 Goatskin, n.s. [goat and skin.] 
 
 Then fill'd Iwo goatskins, with her liands di-ine; 
 '\\'itli water one, and one with sable wine. Pope. 
 
 Goa'ts-thorn. n.s. [goat and thom.l 
 
 An herb. 
 Goatish, adj. ['horn goat.] Resembhng 
 
 a goat in any quality; as, rankness; 
 
 lust. 
 
 An admirable evasion of a whoremaster, man, 
 to lay his goatish disposition on the change of a 
 star." Shakesp. Kin^ Lear. 
 
 The last is notorious for its go<itish smell, and 
 tufts not unlike the beard of that lecherous ani- 
 mal. More agaifisl Atheism. 
 
 Gob. n. s. [gobe, Fr.] A small quantity. 
 A low word. 
 
 Do'st think I have so lUtle wit as to part with 
 such a gob of money? L' Estrange. 
 
 GOBBET- n.s. [sobe, Fi.] A mouthful; 
 as much as can be swallowed at once. 
 
 Therewith she spew'd, out of her filtliy uiaw, 
 A flood of poison, horrible and black. 
 Full of great lumps of flesh and gol'bets raw.Speiu. 
 
 By devilish policy art thou grown great 
 And like ambitious S^lla, ovcrgorg'd 
 With gobhets of thy mother's bleedrng lieart.Sak. 
 
 The cooks, slicnig it into little ^oiitcls, prick it 
 on a prong of iron, and hang it in a furnice. 
 
 Sanrfi/'s Traiels. 
 
 The giant gorg'd w ith flesh, and wine, and blood, 
 Lay strelch'd at length, and snoring in liis den, 
 Belching raw gt»66et.s from his maw, ov'ercliarg'd 
 W ith purole wine and cruddltd gore confus'd. 
 
 Additon. 
 
 823
 
 GOD 
 
 To Gob'bet. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 swallow at a mouthful. A low word. 
 
 Down conies a kite powdering upon them, and 
 gohbels up both together. L'Estrunge 
 
 To (iO'BBLE. i>. a. [^gober to swallow, 
 old Fr.] To swallow hastily with tumult 
 and noise. 
 
 The sheep were so keen upon the acorns, that 
 they gobbled up now and then a piece of the coat 
 along witli them. UEstrange. 
 
 Ot' last year's corn in barn great store ; 
 Fat turkeys gobbling at the door. Prhr, 
 
 The time too jirecious now to waste, 
 And supper gobbled up in haste. 
 Again afresh to cards they run. Sivifi. 
 
 Go'bbler. n.s. [from o-oii/f.] Onethat de- 
 vours in haste ; a gormand ; a greedy eater. 
 GOBETWEEN. n. s. [go and between.] 
 One that transacts business by running 
 between two parties. Commonly in an 
 ill sense. 
 
 Bven as yon came in to me, her assistant, or 
 go-between, parted from me; I say I siiail be with 
 .her between ten and eleven. Shakesji. 
 
 Go'blet. 71. s. [gobelet, Fr.] A bowl ; 
 or cup, that holds a large draught. 
 
 Mv figur'd goblets for a dish of wood. Shakesp. 
 
 We iove not loaded boards, and goblets crown a ; 
 But free from surfeits our repose is found. Den/ioni. 
 
 Crown iiigh the goblets with a clieerful draugiit ; 
 Enjoy llie present hour,adjourn the future tliought. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Go'blin. n. s. [Fr. gobeline, which Spen- 
 ser has once retained ; writing it in three 
 syllables. This word some derive from 
 the Gibel lines, a faction in Italy ; so that 
 fife and goblin is Guelph and Gibelline, 
 because the children of either party were 
 terrified by their nurses with the name 
 of the other : but it appears that elfe is 
 Welsh, and much older than those fac- 
 tions. Eiliff Uishon are phantoms of 
 the night, and the Germans likewise 
 have long had spirits among them named 
 Goboldi, from which gobeline might be 
 derived.] 
 
 1. An evil spirit; a walking spirit; a 
 frightful phantom. 
 
 Angels and ministers of grace defend us ! 
 Be thou a spirit of health, or goblin damn'd. 
 Bring with thee airs from heav'u, or blasts from 
 hell. Sliakesp. 
 
 To whom the goblin, full of wrath, reply 'd, 
 Art thou that traylor angel ' Milton's ror. Lost. 
 
 Always, whilst he is young, be sure to preserve 
 his tender mind from all impressions and notions 
 of spirits aud goblins, or any fearful apprehensions 
 in tile dark. Locke. 
 
 2. A fairy ; an elf. 
 
 His son was Ellinel, who overcame 
 The wicked gobbelines in bloody tieid ; 
 
 But Elfant was of most renowned fame. 
 Who of all crystal did Pantliea build. Spenser. 
 
 Go, charge my ^o6/i7is that they grind their joints 
 \^'ith dry convulsions; shorten up their sinews 
 With aged cramps. ohakesp. Tempest, 
 
 Mean time the village rouses up the fire, 
 \Miile well attested, and as well believ'd, 
 Heard solemn goes the goblin story round. r/ionisoH, 
 
 GOD. n.s. [job, Sax. which likewise sig- 
 nifies «;ood. The same word passes in 
 both senses with only accidental varia 
 tions through all the Teutonick dialects.] 
 1. The Supreme Being. 
 
 God is a spirit, and they that worsh'^ him must 
 worship him in spirit and in truth. John, iv, 24, 
 
 God above 
 De<il between tUee aud me. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 GOD 
 
 All the churches of God are united into one by 
 the unity of discipline and government, by virtue 
 whereof the same Christ ruleth in them all. reai'son. 
 
 The Supreme Being, whom we call God, is ne- 
 cessary, self-e.Kistent, eternal, immense, omnipo- 
 tent, omniscient, and best being ; and therefore 
 also a being who is and ought to be esteemed most 
 sacred or holy. Grew's Cosmol. 
 
 2. A false god; an idol. 
 
 He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the 
 Lord only, he shall be utterly riestroyed.Eiod.xxii. 
 
 As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods. 
 They kill us for their sport. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Strong gad of arms, whose iron sceptre sways 
 The freezing North, and Hyperborean seas. 
 And Scythian colds, and Thracia's Winter Coast, 
 Where stands thy steeds, and thou art hoiiour'd 
 most. _ Dryden. 
 
 3. Any person or thing deified or too much 
 honoured. 
 
 Whose end is destruction, whose god is their 
 belly. _ _ Phil. iii. 
 
 1 am not Licio, 
 But one that scorns to live in this disguise. 
 For such a one as leaves a gentleman. 
 And makes agod of such a cullion. Shakesp. 
 
 To God. v. a. [from the noun.] To deify ; 
 to exalt to divine honours. 
 
 This last old man 
 Lov'd me above the measure of a father ; 
 Nay, godded me, indeed. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 Go DCHILD. n. s. [g-orfand child.] A term 
 of spiritual relation ; one for whom one 
 became sponsor at baptism, and promised 
 to see educated as a Christian. 
 
 Go'ddaughter. n.s. [god and daughter.] 
 A girl for whom one became sponsor in 
 baptism. A term of spiritual relation. 
 
 Go'ddess, n. ». [from god.] A female 
 divinity. 
 
 Hear, nature, hear! dear goddess, hear a father 
 
 Shakesp 
 
 A woman I forswore; but I will prove. 
 Thou being a goddess, 1 forswore not tliee : 
 My vow was earthy, thou a heav'niy love. Sliak. 
 
 I long have waited in the temple nigh. 
 Built to the gracious goddess Clemency ; 
 But rev'rence thou the pow'r. Dryden s Fables. 
 
 From his seat the goddess born arose. 
 And thus undaunted spoke. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself 
 anions a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished 
 by Iie7 graceful stature and superior henaty. Addis. 
 
 Modesty with-held the goddess tt^ui. Pope'sOdys. 
 
 Go'ddess- LIKE. adj. [goddess and like.] 
 Resembling a goddess. 
 
 Tlien female voices from the shore 1 heard ; 
 A maid amidst them goddess-like appear'd. Pope. 
 
 Go'dfather. w. s. [god and father.] 
 The sponsor at the font. 
 
 He had a son by her, and the king did him the 
 honour as to stand godfather to liis child. Bacon. 
 
 Confirmation, a profitable usage of the church 
 transcribed from the apostles, consists in the cliild's 
 undertaking in his own name the baptismal vow ; 
 and, that he may more solemnly enter tliis obli- 
 gation, bringing some godfather with him, not 
 now, as in baptism, as his procurator, Hammond, 
 
 Go'dhead. M.S. [from o-orf.] 
 
 1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine na- 
 ture. It is used both of the idols and 
 of the true God. 
 
 Be content 
 Your low-laid son our godhead will uplift. S/iafccsp. 
 
 At the holy mount 
 Of heav'n's higli-seated top, th' imperial throne 
 Of godhead, fi.K'd for ever firm and sure. 
 The filial pow'r arriv'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 So may thy godhead be confest. 
 So llie returning year be blest. Prior. 
 
 2. A deity in person ; a god or goddess. 
 
 Weie your godheads to borrow of men, men 
 would forsake me gods. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 GOD ; 
 
 Adoring first the genius of the place. 
 The nymphs and native godheads yet unk'.iowa. 
 
 Dryden' t £n, 
 
 Go'dless, adj. [from god.] Without 
 sense of duty to God; atheistical; wick- 
 ed ; irreligious ; impious. 
 
 Of these two sorts of men, both godteu, the one 
 has utterly no knowledge of God, and the other 
 studies how to persuade themselves that there i* 
 no such thiug to be known. Hooker. 
 
 That godless crew 
 Rebellious. MUloti. 
 
 For faults not his, for guilt and crimes 
 Of godless men, and of rebellious times. 
 Him his ungrateful country sent. 
 Their best Camillus, into banishment. Drydtn. 
 
 Go'dlike. adj. [god axiA. like.] Divine; 
 resembling a divinity ; supremely excel- 
 lent. 
 
 Thus Adam his illustrious guest besought, 
 And thus the godlike angel answer'd mild, Miltoru 
 
 Musing and much revolving in his breast, 
 How best the mighty work he mi^ht begin 
 Of Saviour to mankind, and which way first 
 Publish l)is godlike otfice now mature. Milton. 
 
 That priijCe shall be so wise and godlike, as, by 
 established laws of liberty, to secure protection 
 and encouragement to the honest industry of man- 
 kind. Locke. 
 
 Go'dling. w. s. [from god."] A little di- 
 vinity ; a diminutive god. 
 
 - Thy puny godtings of inferior race. 
 
 Whose iiunible statues are content with hraSi.Dryd. 
 
 Go'dliness. n. s. [from godly.] 
 
 1. Piety to God. 
 
 2. General observation of all the duties 
 prescribed by religion. 
 
 X'irtue and godliness of life are required at the 
 hands of the minister of God. Hooker. 
 
 Go'dly. adj. [from G'orf.] 
 
 1. Pious towards God. 
 
 Grant that we may hereafter live a godly, righ- 
 teous, and sober life. Common Prayer. 
 
 2. Good ; righteous ; religious. 
 
 Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth, for the 
 faithful fail among the children of men. Ps. xii. 1. 
 
 The same churcli is really holy in this world, in 
 relation to all fodly persons contained in it, by » 
 real infused sanctity. Pearson. 
 
 Go'dly. adv. Piously ; righteously. By 
 analogy it should be godlily, but the 
 repetition of the syllable is too harsh. 
 
 'Ihe apostle St. Paul teacheth, that every one 
 that will live godly in Christ Jesus must suffer per- 
 secution. Hooker. 
 
 Go'dlyhead. n.s. [iromgodly.] Good- 
 ness ; righteousness. An old word. 
 
 f'or this, and many more such outrage, 
 1 crave your godlyhead to asswage 
 The rancorous vigour of his miglit. Spemer. 
 
 Go'dmother. n. s. [god and mother.'] 
 A woman who has undertaken sponsion 
 in baptism. A term of spii-itual rela- 
 tion. 
 
 Godship. n.s. [fromgod.] The rank or 
 character of a god ; deity ; divinity 
 
 Discoursing largely on this theme. 
 O'er hills and dales their godships came. Prior. 
 
 Godson. H. s. [god and son.] One for 
 whom one has been sponsor at the font. 
 
 What, did my father's godjim seek your life? 
 He whom my father named ? your Edgar ? Shak. 
 
 Go'dward. adj. To Godward is toward 
 God. So we read, Hac Arethusa tenus, 
 for hactenns Arethusa. 
 
 And such trust have we through Christ to 
 Godieard. 2 Cor. 
 
 Go'dwit. n. s. [50b good, and piia an 
 animal.] A bird of particulai- delicacy. 
 
 82*
 
 G O L 
 
 Nor ortelans nor gndunts crown Ins ooard. 
 
 Couki^. 
 
 Go'dyeld. ) adv. [corrupted froiTi 
 Go'DYiELD. I G'orfi/iifW or protect.] 
 A term of thanks. Now not used. 
 
 Herein I leach you. 
 How you should bit] gndiidd us for your pains, 
 And tliauk lib for your trouble. Hhakcsi). Macbelli. 
 GOEL. adj. [sokp. Sax.] Yellow. An 
 old word. 
 
 In March at the furthest, dry season or wet, 
 Hop roots so well chosen let skilful go set ; 
 The goclcr and younger, the better I love ; 
 Well gutted and pared, the better ihey provcTuss. 
 Go'er. n. s. [from go.] 
 X. One that goes ; a runner. 
 
 I would they were in Africk both together, 
 Myself by with a needle, that I might prick 
 The soer back. Shakesp. Cymbelme. 
 
 Such a man 
 Might be a copy to these younger times ; 
 Which, followed well, would now demonstrate 
 
 them 
 Butsofis hackward. Skakesp. All's well. 
 
 Nothing could hurt either of us so much as the 
 intervening officious impertinence of those goers 
 between us, who in England pretend to intimacies 
 with you, and in Ireland to intimacies with me. 
 
 Pope to Swift. 
 
 2. A walker ; one that has a gait or man- 
 ner of walking good or bad. 
 
 The earl was so far from being a good dancer, 
 that he was no graceful goer. Wotten. 
 
 3. The foot. Obsolete. 
 
 A double mantle, cast 
 A'thwart his shoulders, his faire goers grac'd 
 ■With fitted shoes. Chapman. 
 
 To Goggle, v. n. To look asquint. 
 
 Inflam'd all over witli disgrace. 
 To be seen by her in such a place. 
 Which made him hang liis head, and scoul, 
 4nd wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras. 
 
 Nor sighs, nor groans, nor goggling eyes did 
 want. Dryden. 
 
 Goggle-eyed. adj. [fcejl egen, Sax.] 
 Squint-eyed ; not looking strait. 
 
 They are deformed, unnatural, or lame ; and 
 very unseemly to look upon, except to men that 
 be gpg<j;le-eyeA themselves. Aschani, 
 
 Go'lNG. 71. s. [from g-0.] 
 
 1. The act of walking. 
 
 W'hen nobles are their taylors tutors, 
 No hereticks burnt, but wenches suitors, 
 'i'hen comes the time, who lives to sec't. 
 That going shall be us'd with feet. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Pregnancy. 
 
 The time of death lias a far greater latitude 
 than that of our birth ; most women coming, ac- 
 cordino; to their reckoning, within the compass 
 of a fortnight ; that is, the twentieth part of 
 their going. Gretvs Cosmal. Sacra. 
 
 3. Departure. 
 
 Thy goijig is not lonely ; with thee goes 
 Thy husband ; him to follow thou art bound. 
 
 Mlton. 
 
 Go'la. n.s. The same with Cymatium. 
 
 In a cornice tlie gola^ or cymatium of the 
 corona, the coping, the raodillions or dentelli, 
 make a noble show. Spectator. 
 
 GOLD. n. s. [jolb, .Sax. golud riches, 
 Welsh. It is called gold in our English 
 tongue, either of geel, as Scaliger says, 
 which is, in Dutch, to shine ; or of an- 
 other Dutch word, which is gclien, and 
 signifies in Latin valerc, in English to 
 be of price or value : hence cometh their 
 ordinary word gelt, for money. 
 
 Peacham on Drawing.] 
 
 1. Gold is the heaviest, the most dense, 
 the most simple, the most ductile, and 
 
 Vol.1. 
 
 G O L 
 
 most fixed of all bodies, not to be in- 
 jured either by air or fire, and seeming 
 incorruptible. It is soluble by means of 
 sea-salt ; but is injured by no other salt. 
 fjold is frequently found native, and 
 very rarely in a state of ore. Pure gold 
 is so fixed, that Boerhaave informs us 
 of an ounce of it set in the eye of a 
 glass furnace for two months, without 
 losing a single grain. Hill on Fo.isils. 
 
 Gold liath these natures : greatness of weight, 
 closeness of parts, fixation, pliantness or softness, 
 immunity from rust, and the colour or tincture of 
 jellijw. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Ah! Buckingham, now do I ply the touch, 
 To try if thou be current gold indeed. Skakesp. 
 
 We readily say this is gold, and that a silver 
 goblet, oily by the different figures and colours 
 represented to the eye by the pencil. Locke. 
 
 thegold fraught vessel wliicli mad tempests beat. 
 He sees now vainly make to his retreat. Dryden. 
 
 2. Money. 
 
 For me, the gold of France did not seduce. 
 Although I did .idmit as a motive 
 The soo'ner to eifect what I intended. Shakesp. 
 
 Thou that so stoutly had resisted me. 
 Give me thy gold, if'thou hast any gold ; 
 For I have bought it with an hundred blows. Shak. 
 
 3. It is used for any thing pleasing or 
 valuable. So among the ancients xf'^^ 
 atp^c^'ni ; and animamque inoresque au- 
 reos educif in asira. Horace, 
 
 The kiiif's a bawcock, and a heart of gold, 
 A lad of life, an imp of fame. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 
 Gold of Pleasure, n.s. [mi/agrum.] A 
 plant. 
 
 Go'ldbeater. n. s. [gold and beat.] 
 One whose occupation is to beat or 
 foliate gold to gild other matter. 
 
 Our goldbeaters, though, for their own profit 
 sake, they are wont to use the finest gold they 
 can get, yet they scruple not to employ coined 
 gold ; and lliat the mint-masters are wont to alloy 
 with copper or silver, to make the coin more still', 
 and less subject to be wasted by attrition. Boyle. 
 
 Go'ldbeater's Skill, n. s. The intesti- 
 num rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters 
 lay between the leaves of their metal 
 while they beat it, whereby the mem- 
 brane is reduced thin, and made fit to 
 apply to cuts or small fresh wounds, as 
 is now the common practice. Quincy 
 When yourgillyfiowers blow, if they break the 
 pod, open it with a penknife at each division, as 
 low as the flower has burst it, and hind it about 
 with a narrow slip of goldbeater's skin, which mois- 
 ten with your tongue, and it will stick together. 
 
 Mortimer, 
 
 Go'ldbound. adj. [gold and bound.] 
 Encompassed with gold. 
 
 Thy air. 
 Thou other goldbound brow is like the first. Shak. 
 
 Go'lden. adj. [from gold.] 
 
 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 
 O would to God that the inclusive verge 
 
 Of golden metal, that must round my brow. 
 Were red hot steel to sear uie to the brain. Shak. 
 
 Nine royal knights hi equal rank succeed, 
 Each warrior mounted on a fiery steed 
 In golden armour glorious to behold ; 
 The rivets of their arras were uail'd with gold 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Shining ; bright ; splendid ; resplen- 
 dent. 
 
 So sweet a kiss the golden sun gives not 
 To those fresh morning drops upon the rose ; 
 Nor shines the silver moon one half so bright 
 Through the transparent bosom of the deep. 
 
 Slwkcsp. 
 
 G O L 
 
 'Tis better to be lowly horn 
 Than wear a golden sorrow. Sliakesp. Hen. \ 111 
 
 Heaven's gulden winged heral i late he saw 
 To a poor Galilean virgin sent. CrmAoir. 
 
 'i'o Ikt hard yoke you must hereafter bow, 
 Ilowe'er she shines all goblen to you now. Dryd. 
 
 And sec the guardian angels of llie good. 
 Reclining soft (in many a golden cloud. Roue. 
 
 3. Yellow ; of the colour of gold. 
 Golden russeting hath a gold coloured coat under 
 
 a russet hair, and its flesh'of a yellow colour. 
 
 iUrrlimrr. 
 
 4. Excellent ; valuable. 
 
 I have bought 
 Golden opinions from all sort of people. 
 Which would be worn now in their newest g.oss. 
 Not cast aside so soon. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 That verse which they commonly call goUen, 
 has two substantives andf two adjectives, with a 
 verb betwi.xt tliem to keep the peace. Dryden. 
 
 Thence arises that golden rule of dealing with 
 others, as we would have others deal with us. 
 
 Il'aiu. 
 
 5. Happy ; resembling the age of gold. 
 Many young gentlemen tluck to him every day, 
 
 and fleet the tune carelessly, as they did in the 
 goWen World. Shakesii 
 
 Go'lden Saxifrage, n. s. [chri/sopte- 
 
 nium.] An herb. 
 Go'ldenly. adv. [from golden.] De- 
 lightfully ; splendidly. 
 
 My brother .Tacques he keeps at school, and re- 
 port "speaks goUienty of his profit. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Go'ldfinch. n. s. [jolbpuic. Sax.] A 
 
 singing bird, so named from his golden 
 
 colour. This is called in Staffordshire 
 
 a proud (aylor. 
 
 Of singing birds tliey have linnets, goldfincha, 
 ruddocks, Canary-birds, blackbirds, thrushes, 
 and divers others. Coreui. 
 
 Agoldjinch there I saw, with gaudy pride 
 Of painted plumes that liopp'd from side to side. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Go'ldfindek. n.s. [gold and find.] 
 One who finds gold. A term ludi- 
 crously applied to those that empty 
 Jakes. 
 
 His empty paunch that he might fill. 
 He suck'J his vittels through a q^uill ; 
 
 Untouch'd it pass'd between his grinders, 
 Or't had been happy for goldjinders. Sidft. 
 
 Go'ldhammer. w. «. -•^ kind of bird. 
 
 Diet. 
 Go'lding. n. s. A sort of apple. Diet. 
 Go'ldney. n.s. A sort of fish, other- 
 
 wse called Gilthead. Diet. 
 
 GoLDPLEASLRE. 71. s. An herb. Diet. 
 Go'ldsize. 71. s. A glue of a golden 
 
 colour ; glue used by gilders. 
 The gum of ivy is good to put into your goUlsiie 
 
 and other colours. Peacham on Draiiing. 
 
 Go'ldsmith. n. s. [501b and j-mir. 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. One who manufactures gold. 
 
 Neither chain nor goldsmith came to mc, Shakesji. 
 
 2. A banker; one who keeps money for 
 others in his hands. 
 
 The goldsmith or scrivener, who takes all your 
 fortune to dispose of, when he has beforehand re- 
 solved to break the following day, does surely 
 deserve the gallows. Suitt. 
 
 Go'ldylocks. n.s. [comaaurea, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 (ioLL. n. s. [corrupted, as Skinmr 
 thinks, from pal or pol, whence pealban 
 to handle or manage.] Hands ; paws ; 
 claws. Used in contempt, and obso- 
 lete. 
 
 5 N 826
 
 GOO 
 
 fhey set Iiand?, and Mopsa put her golden 
 golUamong theia ; and blind fortune, that saw not 
 the colour of Ihcra, gave her the pre-eminence. 
 
 Stdneff. 
 
 Come. n. s. The black grease of a cart- 
 
 ■\rheel. Bailey. 
 
 GOMPHOSIS. n. s. A particular form 
 
 of articulation. 
 
 Gomphosis is the connexion of a tooti) to its 
 socket. ]\'iseman. 
 
 GONDOLA, n. s. [gondole, Fr.] A 
 boat much used in Venice ; a small boat. 
 
 He saw did swim 
 Along the shore, as swift as glance of eje. 
 A little ^(fHrfe/a_y, bedecked trim 
 With boughs and harbours woven cunningly. 
 
 Spensfr. 
 
 In a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and 
 
 his amorous Jessica. Skakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 As with ^onrfo/as and men, his 
 Good excellence the duke of Venice 
 Sails out, and gives the gulph a ring. Prior. 
 
 Gondoli'er. n. s. [from gondola.'] A 
 boatman ; one that rows a gondola. 
 
 Your fair daughter. 
 Transported with no worse nor better guard. 
 But with a knave of hire, a, f^ondolier, 
 To the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor. Shakesp. 
 
 Gone. part, preter. [from go. See To 
 Go.] 
 
 1. Advanced; forward in progress. 
 
 I have known sheep cured of the rot, when 
 they have not been far gone with it, only by being 
 p«t into broomlands. Riortimer. 
 
 The observator is much the brisker of the two, 
 and, 1 think, farther sone of late in lyes and im- 
 pudence than his Presbyterian brother. Swift. 
 
 2. Ruined ; undone. 
 
 He must know 'tis none of your daughter nor 
 my sister ; we are gone else. Shak. Winter's Tale. 
 
 5. Past. 
 
 I'll tell the story of my life. 
 And the particular accidents gone by, 
 Since 1 came to this isle. Skakesp. Tempest. 
 
 4. Lost ; departed. 
 
 When her masters saw that the hope of their 
 gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas. 
 
 Acts, xvi. 19. 
 
 Speech is confined to the living, and imparted 
 to only those that are in presence, and is transient 
 and gone. Holder. 
 
 6. Dead ; departed from life. 
 
 I mourn Adonis dead and gone. Oldham. 
 
 A dog, that has his nose held in the vapour, 
 loses all signs of life ; but carried into the air, or 
 thrown into a lake, recovers, if not quite gone. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Go'nfalon. \ n. s. [gonfanon, Fr. §•«?!- 
 Go'NFANON.f fatia, Islandick, from 
 
 gunn a battle, and fani a flag. Mr. 
 
 Li/e.] An ensign ; a standard. 
 
 Ten thousand tliousand ensigns high advanc'd. 
 Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt ran "and rear. 
 Stream in the air. Milton. 
 
 Gonorrhoe'a. n. s. [yit&- and fiu.] 
 A morbid running of venereal hurts. 
 
 Rauty mummy or stone mummy grows on the 
 tops of high rocks ; they powder" and boil it in 
 milk, and then give it to slop gonorrhoeas. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 GOOD. adj. comp. better, superl. best. 
 
 [job, Sax. goed, Dut.] 
 1. Having, either generally or for any 
 particular end, such physical qualities 
 as are expected or desired. Not bad ; 
 not ill. 
 
 God saw every thing that he had made, and 
 behold it was very good. Gen. i. 31. 
 
 An universe of death ! which God by curse 
 Created evil ; for evil tnily good. Milton. 
 
 Resolv'd 
 From an ill cause to draw a good effect. DTyi:eH. 
 
 GOO 
 
 Notwithstanding this criticism the versea were 
 gftod. Spectator. 
 
 A man is no more to be praised upun this ac- 
 count, than because he has a regular pulse and a 
 good digestio'"'. Addison. 
 
 Ah ! ne'er so dire a tliiist of glory boast, 
 Not in the critick, let the man be lost ! 
 Good nature and good sense must ever join ; 
 To err is human, to forgive, divine. Pope. 
 
 2. Proper; fit; convenient; right; not 
 wrong. 
 
 Amongst a roan's peers a man shall be sure of 
 familiarity, and therefore it Is good a little to keep 
 state : amongst a man's inferiors one shall be 
 sure of reverence, and therefore it is good a little 
 to be familiar. Bacon. 
 
 If you think good, give RIartius leave. Bacon. 
 
 It was a good time to comply witli the importu- 
 nity of the gentlemen of Sussex. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Conducive to happiness. 
 
 It is not good that the man should be alone. 
 
 Gen. ii. 18. 
 We may as well pretend to obta-in the good 
 which we want without God's assistance, as to 
 know what is good for us without his direction. 
 
 Smalridge. 
 
 4. Uncorrupted ; undamaged. 
 
 He also bartered away plumbs, that would have 
 rotted in a week, for nuts, that would last good 
 for his eating a whole year. Locke. 
 
 5. Wholesome ; salubrious, 
 
 A man first builds a country seat. 
 Then finds the walls not good to eat. t^rior. 
 
 6. Medicinal ; salutary. 
 
 The water of Nilus is sweeter than other waters 
 in taste, and it is excellent good for the stone and 
 hypochondriack melancholy. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 7. Pleasant to the taste. 
 
 Eat thou honey, because it \s good ; and the 
 honeycomb, which is sweet. Frov. xxiv. 13. 
 
 Of herbs and plants some are good to eat raw ; as 
 lettuce, endive, and purslane. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 8. Complete ; full. 
 
 The Protestant subjects of the abbey make up 
 a. good third of its people. Addison on It<ily. 
 
 9. Useful ; valuable. 
 
 AH quality, that is ^ood for any thing, is origi- 
 nally founded upon merit. Collier on Erivy. 
 
 We discipline betimes those other creatures we 
 would make useful and good for somewhat. Locke. 
 
 10. Sound ; not false ; not fallacious. 
 
 He is resolved now to shew how slight the pro- 
 positions werewliich Luther let go for ^oof^ Alter. 
 
 11. Legal ; valid ; rightly claimed or held. 
 According to military custom the place was good, 
 
 and the lieutenant of the colonel's company might 
 well pretend to the next vacant captainship in the 
 same regiment. a iVotton. 
 
 12. Confirmed ; attested ; valid. 
 
 Ha ! am I sure she's wrong'd ? Perhaps 'tis 
 malice ! 
 Slave, make it clear, make sood vour accusation. 
 
 jinitn. 
 
 13. With as preceding. It has a kind of 
 negative or inverted sense ; as good as, 
 no better than. 
 
 Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as 
 good as dead, so many as the stars of the sky in 
 multitude. Heb. xi. 
 
 It. With as preceding. No worse. 
 
 He sharply reproved them as men of no cou- 
 rage, which, being many times as good as in pos- 
 session of tlie victory, had most cowardly turned 
 their backs upon their enemies. KnoUes. 
 
 The master will be as good as his word, for his 
 own business. UEstrange. 
 
 15. Well qualified ; not deficient. 
 
 If they had held their royalties b}^ that title, 
 either there must have been but one sovereign 
 over them all, or else every father of a family had 
 been as good a prince, and had as good a claim to 
 royalty as these. Locke, 
 
 16. Skilful ; ready; dextrous. 
 
 Flatter him it may, I confess j as those are 
 
 GOO 
 
 generally good at flattering ffho are good for no- 
 thing else. Smith, 
 
 I make my way where-e'er I see my foe ; 
 But you, my \md, are good at a retreat. Hrydtn, 
 
 17. Happy ; prosperous. 
 
 Behold how good and how pleasant it is for bre- 
 thren to dwell together in unity. Ps. cxxxiH, 1. 
 
 IVlany good morrows to my noble lord ! 
 -^Good moirow, Catesby, you are early stirring. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Good e'en, neighbours ; 
 Good e'en to you ail, good e'en to you all. Shak, 
 
 At my window bid^ourf morrow. MUton, 
 
 Good morrow, Portius ! let us once embrace, 
 
 Addison, 
 
 18. Honourable. 
 
 They cast to get themselves a name. 
 Regardless whether good or evil fame. Milton, 
 Silence, the knave's repute, the whore's good 
 name, 
 The only honour of the wishing darae. Pope. 
 If). Chearful ; gay. Joined with any 
 words expressing temper of mind. 
 
 They may be of good comfort, and ever go 
 cheerfully about their own atfairs. 2 lilac, xi. 26. 
 
 Quietness improves into cheerfulness, enough 
 to make me just so good humoured as to wish that 
 world well. Pope. 
 
 20. Considerable ; not small though not 
 veiy great. 
 
 A good while ago God made choice that the 
 Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word. 
 
 Acts, XT. 7, 
 The plant having a great stalk and top, doth 
 prey upon the grass a good way about, by drawing 
 the juice of tlie earth from it. Bacon- 
 
 Myrtle and pomegranate, if they be planted 
 though a good space one from the other, will meet. 
 Peacham on Draiving. 
 The king had provided agood fleet, and a body 
 of three thousand foot to be embarked. Clarena. 
 We may suppose a great many degrees of little- 
 ness and lightness in these earthy particles, so as 
 many of them might float in the air a good while, 
 like exhalations, before tliey fell down. Burnet. 
 They held a good share of civil and military 
 employments during the whole time of the usurp- 
 ation. Smft. 
 
 21. Elegant; decent; delicate: with 
 breeding. 
 
 If the critick has published nothing but rules 
 and observations in criticism, I then consider 
 whether there be a propriety and elegance in his 
 thoughts and words, clearness and delicacy in his 
 reraarks, wit and good-breeding in liis raillery. 
 
 Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Mankind have been forced to invent a kind of 
 artificial humanity, which is what we express by 
 the word good-breeding. Addison. 
 
 Those among them, who return into tlieir seve- 
 ral countries, are sure to be followed and imitated 
 as the greatest patterns of wit and good-bi'dedin^:. 
 
 ^"■''fi- 
 
 22. Real ; serious ; not feigned. 
 
 Love not U^gnod earnest, nor no fartlier in sport 
 neither, than witii safety of a pure blush thou 
 niay'st in honour come off again. Shakesp. 
 
 23. Rich; of credit; able to fulfil" en- 
 gagements. 
 
 Antonio is a good man : my meaning, in sayina 
 that he isa »*W-man, is to have you understand 
 me that he is suthcient. Shakesp. 
 
 24. Having moral qualities, such as are 
 ■wished ; virtuous ; pious ; religious ; ap- 
 plied both to persons and actions. Not 
 bad; not evil. 
 
 For a good man some would even dare to die. 
 
 Rom. V. 7. 
 The woman hath wrought a good work upon me. 
 
 Matt. 
 All man's works on me. 
 Good or not good, ingraft my merit, these 
 Shall perfect, and for these my death shall pay. 
 
 Milton. 
 What reward 
 Awaits the good, the rest what puuishment. Milt. 
 
 826
 
 GOO 
 
 Ibe onl^ Son of light 
 In a dark age, against eiample ^ood. 
 Against allurement. Milton. 
 
 Such follow him, as shall be legijtred 
 Part good, part bad, of bail the larijer scroll. Milt. 
 
 Grant the bail what happiness (iity would. 
 One they must want, which is to pass for good. 
 
 Pojie. 
 
 Why drew Marseilles' good bishop purer breath. 
 When Nature sicken'd, and each gale was death ? 
 
 Such was Koscommon, not more learn'd than 
 good, 
 With manners gen'rous as his noble blood. Pope. 
 
 No farther intercourse with licav'n had he. 
 But left good works to men of low degree. Harte. 
 
 25. Kind; soft; benevolent. 
 
 Matters being so turned in her, that where at 
 first likin:; her manners did breed good will, now 
 good wiir became the chief cause of likirig her 
 manners. Sidney. 
 
 Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace 
 and good will towards men. Luke, ii. 14. 
 
 / Without good nature man is but a better kind 
 of vermin. Bacon. 
 
 Here we are lov'd and there we love ; 
 Good nature now and passion strive 
 
 Which of the two should he above, 
 And laws unto the other give. Sucklin. 
 
 'Tis no wonder if that which affords so little 
 glory to God, hath no more good will for men. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 When you shall see him, sir, to die for pity, 
 
 'Twere such a thing, 'twould so deceive the world, 
 
 Twould make the people think you were good tia- 
 
 J tur'd. DenJiam. 
 
 To teach him betimes to love and be good na- 
 tured to others, is to lay early the true founda- 
 tion of an honest man. Locke. 
 
 Good sense and good nature are never separated , 
 though the ignorant world has thought otherwise. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 AfTability, mildness, tenderness, and a word 
 which I would fain bring back to its original sig- 
 nification of virtue, X mean good nature, are of 
 daily use. Dryden. 
 
 This doctrine of God's good will towards men, 
 this command of men's proportionable good will 
 to one another, is not this the very body and sub- 
 stance, this the very spirit and life of our Saviour's 
 whole institution ? Spratt. 
 
 It was his greatest pleasure to spread his heal- 
 ing wings over every place, and to make every 
 one sensible of his good will to mankind. Calamit. 
 
 How could you chide the young good natur'd 
 • prince. 
 And drive him from you with so stern an air ? 
 
 Addison. 
 
 26. Favourable ; loving. 
 
 But the men were very-good unto us, and we 
 were not hurt. 1 Sam. xxv. 15. 
 
 Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are 
 of a clean heart. Ps. Ixxiii. 1. 
 
 You have good remembrance of us always, de- 
 siring greatly to see us, as we also to see you. 
 
 1 Tltess. iii. 6. 
 
 This idea must necessarily be adequate, being 
 referred to nothing else but itself, nor made by 
 any other original But the good liking and will of 
 him that first made this combination. Locke. 
 
 27- Companionable ; sociable ; merry. 
 Often used ironically. 
 
 Though he did not draw the good fellows to him 
 by drinKing, yet he eat well. Clarendon. 
 
 Not being permitted to drink without eating, 
 will prevent the custom of having the cup often 
 at his nose ; a dangerous beginning and prepara- 
 tion to good fellowship. " Locke. 
 
 It was well known, that Sir Roger had been a 
 
 good fellow, in his youth. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2K. It is sometimes used as an epithet of 
 
 slight contempt, implying a kind of 
 
 negative virtue or bare freedom from ill. 
 
 _ -My i:ood man, as far from jealousy as I am from 
 
 giviiig iiini cause. Shak. Merry ]\'ires of Winds. 
 
 She had left the good man at home, and brought 
 
 away her gallant. Addison's Spectator 
 
 29. In a ludicrous sense. 
 
 GOO 
 
 As for all other good woratrn that love to do but 
 
 little work, how handsome it is to louse theniselvca 
 
 in the suusiiine, tliey that have been but a wliilc 
 
 in Ireland can well witness. Spenser. 
 
 SO. Hearty; earnest; not dubious. 
 
 He, that saw the time fit for the delivery he in- 
 tended, called unto us to follow him, which we 
 both, bound by oath, and willing by good will, 
 obeyed, Sidiiey. 
 
 TUe good will of the nation to the present war 
 has been since but too much experienced by the 
 •euccesses that have attended it. Temple. 
 
 Oofxl will, she said, ray want of strength supjjlies; 
 And diligence shall give what age denies. 
 
 Dryden. 
 31. In good time. Not too fast. 
 
 Jn good timCf replies another, you have heard 
 them dispute against a vacuum in the schools. 
 
 Collier. 
 
 S2. In good faith. Really; seriously. 
 What, must I hold a candle to my shames ? 
 They in themselves, good sooth, are too too light, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 33. Good [To make.] To keep ; to main- 
 tain ; not to give up ; not to abandon. 
 
 There died upon the place all the chieftains, all 
 making good the figlit without any ground given. 
 Bacon s Hen ri^ VII. 
 
 He forced them to retire in spite of their dra- 
 goons, which were placed there to make s:ood their 
 retreat. Clarendon. 
 
 Since we claim a proper interest above others in 
 the pre-eminent rights of the household of faith, 
 then to make good that claim, we are obliged above 
 others to coitt'urm to the proper manners and vir- 
 tues that belong to this houshold. Spratt. 
 
 He without fear a dangerous war pursues j 
 As honour raade him first the danger chuse. 
 So still he makes it good on virtue's score. Dryden. 
 
 34. Good [To make.] To confirm ; to 
 establish. 
 
 I farther will maintain 
 Upon his bad life to make all this ^ood. Shakesp. 
 
 To make good this explication of the article, it 
 will be necessary to prove that the church, which 
 our Saviour founded and the a[iostles gathered. was 
 to receive a constant and perpetual accession. Pear. 
 
 These propositions I shall endeavour to make 
 good. Soialridge. 
 
 35. Good [Tomuke.] To perform, 
 
 While she so far extends her grace, 
 She ma/cesbut^Ofirf the promise of her face. ]VaUer. 
 
 36. Good [To make.] To supply. 
 
 Every distinct being has somewhat peculiar to 
 itself, to make good in one circumstance wliat it 
 wants in another. UEstrange. 
 
 Good. n. s. 
 
 I. That which physically contributes to 
 happiness ; benefit ; advantage ; the con- 
 trary to evil or misery. 
 
 I fear the emperor means no ^ood to us. Shak. 
 
 Let me play the lion too : I will roar, that I 
 will do ajiy man's heart good to hear me Shakesp. 
 
 He wav d inditferently 'twixt them, doing nei- 
 ther g^wd nor harm. Shakesp. Coriotanus. 
 
 Love with fear tlie only God, 
 Merciful over all his works, with good 
 Still overcoming evil. Milton. 
 
 God is also in sleep, and dreams advise, 
 W^hich he hath sent propitious, some great ^ood 
 Presaging. Miltoji. 
 
 Nature in man's heart her laws doth pen. 
 Prescribing truth to wit, and good to will. Diivies. 
 
 The lessening or escaping of evil is to be rec- 
 koned under tiie notion of good: the lessening or 
 loss of good is to be reckoned under the notion of 
 evil IVdkins. 
 
 This caution will ha^e also thisgood in it, that it 
 will put tliemuponconsiderine, and teach them the 
 necessity of examining more than they tio. Locke. 
 
 Good IS what is apt to cause or increase pleasure, 
 or diminish pain in us ; or else to procure or pre- 
 serve us in the possession of any other good, or 
 absence of any evil, ' Locke. 
 
 Refuse to leave thy destin'd charge too soon. 
 And for the church's good defer thyl)wn, Pnor | 
 
 GOO 
 
 Works may have more wit than does Ihtmeood, 
 As bodies perish through excess of blood. Fope. 
 
 A thirst after truth, and a desire of ^"od, are 
 principles which still act with n great ana um\er- 
 sal force. Bogers. 
 
 2. Prosperity ; advancement. 
 
 If he had employ'd 
 Those excellent gifts of Tortune and of nature 
 Unto the good, not ruin of the state. Ben Jomon. 
 
 3. Earnest; not jest. 
 
 The good woman never died after this, 'till she 
 came to die iox good and all. L'Estrange 
 
 4. Moral qualities, such as are desiral)le , 
 virtue ; righteouspess ; piety ; the con- 
 trary to vs'ickedness. 
 
 Depart from evil, and do good. P$. xxxlv. 14. 
 
 Not only canial good from evil does not justify; 
 but no good, no not a purposed good, can ma^e 
 evil good. Holydaxf. 
 
 O sons, like one of us 15 Man become, 
 To know bffth good and evil, since his taste 
 Of that defended fruit ; but let hira boast 
 His knowledge of ^ood lost, and evil got ; 
 Happier had it sumc'd him to have kuow-*i 
 Good by itself, and evil not at all. Milton. 
 
 Empty of z\\ good, wherein consists 
 Woman's doraestick nonour, and chief praise. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 By good, I question not but good, morally so 
 called bimum honestum, ought, cluefly at least, to 
 be understood ; and that the good of profit or plea- 
 sure the bonum utile, or Jucundum, hardly come 
 into any account here. South, 
 
 Nor holds this earth a more deserving knight 
 For virtue, valour, and for noble blood. 
 Truth, honour, all that is corapriz'd in good. Dry. 
 
 5. Good placed after had, with ^.s, seems 
 a substantive ; but the expression is, I 
 think, vicious; and good is rather an 
 adjective elliptically used, or it may be 
 considered as adverbial. See Good, adr. 
 
 The pilot must intend some port before he steers 
 his course, or he had as good leave his vessel to 
 the direction of the vfinds, and the government 
 of the waves. South. 
 
 Without good nature and gratitude, men had at 
 gftid live in a wilderness as ia a society. UEstr. 
 
 Good. adv. 
 
 1. AVell ; not ill ; not amiss. 
 
 2. As good. No worse. 
 
 Was I to have never parted firom thy side. 
 As good have grown there still a lifeless rib. Milt. 
 
 bays the cuckow to the hawk, Had you not as 
 good "have been eating worms now as pigeons ? 
 
 L Estrange, 
 
 Good, interjection. Well! right! It is 
 
 sometimes used ironically. 
 Good-conditioned, adj. Without ill 
 
 qualities or symptoms. Used both o* 
 
 things and persons, but not elegantly. 
 No surgeon dilates an abscess of any kind bj 
 
 injections, when the pus is good-conditioned. Sharp. 
 GooD-NOW. interjection. 
 
 1. In good time; a la bonne heure. A 
 gentle exclamation of intreaty. It is 
 now a low word. 
 
 Good-nou', sit down, and tell rae, he that knows. 
 Why this same watch .^ Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. A soft exclamation of wonder, 
 
 Good-nou; good-nou; how your devotions jump 
 with mine ! Dryden. 
 
 GooDLiNESS. n. s. [from goodly.] 
 Beauty ; grace ; ele^'ance. 
 
 She sung this sons witli a voice no less beauti- 
 ful to his ears, than ^.ler goodtiness was full of har- 
 mony to his eyes. Sidney. 
 
 The stateliness of houses, the^ivd/incssof trees, 
 when we behold them, delighteth the eye. Hooker, 
 
 Goo'dly. adj. [from good.] 
 1. Beautiful ; graceful ; fine ; splendid* 
 Now little in use. j^<,.
 
 GOO 
 
 A prince of a goodly asjicct, and tlie more goodly 
 by a grave majesty, vv herewith his mind did deck 
 his outward graces. Sidney. 
 
 A goodly city is this Antium. Shakesp, Coi^iola. 
 
 Patience and sorrow strove 
 
 Wiiich should express her goodliest : you have seen 
 
 Sunshine and rain at nnco. Her smiles and tears 
 
 Were like a wetter May. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Here from gracious England liave I ort'er 
 Of goodlij tiiousands, Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Rebecca took goodly raiment uf her eldest son 
 Esau, and put them upon Jacob. Gen. xxvii. 15. 
 
 There was nut among the children of Israel a 
 goori/in- person than he. iSani ix. 2. 
 
 Both yon}:er then they were ; of stature more ; 
 And all their formes, much goodlier then before. 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 He had not made them any recompence for 
 tlieir goodly houses and oHve gardens, destroyed 
 in the former wars. Knolles, 
 
 The goodliest man of men since born 
 His sons, the fairest of her daughters Eve. Milton. 
 
 Of the fourth Edward was His noble song ; 
 Fierce, goodly, valiant, beautiful, and young. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Not long since walking in the field, 
 ■ M3' nurse and I, we there beheld 
 A goodly fruit, which, tempting me, 
 I would have pluck'd. Waller. 
 
 How full of ornament is all I view 
 In all its parts ! and seems as beautiful as new : 
 O goodly urder'd work ! O power divine ! 
 Of tiiee I am. and what I am is thine ! Dryden. 
 
 "His eldest born, a goodly youth to view, 
 Exccll'd the rest in shape and outward shew ; 
 Fair, tall, his limbs with due proportion join'd. 
 But of a heavy, dull, degen'rate mind. Dryd. 
 
 2. Bulky; swelling; affectedly turgid. 
 
 Round as a globe, and lii]uor'd every chink, 
 Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryd, 
 
 3. Happy ; desirable ; gay. 
 
 England was a peaceable kingdom, and but 
 
 lately inur'd to the mild and goodly government 
 
 of the Confessor. Spenser. 
 
 We ha\e many goodly days to see. Sfuikes}). 
 
 Goo'dly. adv. Excellently. Obsolete, 
 
 There Alma, like a virgin queen most bright. 
 Doth flourish in all beauty excellent ; 
 
 And to her guests doth bounteous banquet dight. 
 Attempered goodly well for health and for delight. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Goo'dlyhood. n. s. [from goodly.'] 
 Grace; goodness. Obsolete. 
 
 But mote thy goodlyhood forgive it me, 
 To meet which ot the gods I shall thee name, 
 
 Spejiser. 
 
 Goo'dman. n. $. [from good and ?wflff.] 
 
 1. A sliglit appellation of civility ; gene- 
 rally ironical. 
 
 How now, what's the matter? part— < 
 —With you, goodman boy, if voii please. 
 Come, I'll flesh ye. Shakeftp. King Lear. 
 
 2. A rustick term of compliment ; gaffer. 
 
 Nay, liear you, goodmaJi del vcr. Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 But see the sun-beams bright to labour wajrn. 
 And gild the thatch of goodman Hodge's barn. Gay. 
 
 Ola goodman ^)obson of the green. 
 Remembers he the trees has seen. Sn-ifi. 
 
 Goo'dness. n, s. [from good.] Desir- 
 able qualities either moral or physical ; 
 kindness; favom*. 
 
 If for any thing he loved greatness it was be- 
 cause therein he might exercise his goodness. Sidn. 
 
 There is in all things an appetite or desire, 
 whereby they incline to something which they 
 may he ; all which perfections are contained un- 
 der the general name of goodness. Hooker. 
 
 All goodness 
 Is poison to thy stomach. 
 —Yes, that goodness 
 
 Of gleaning all the land's wealth into one. 
 Into your own hands, cardinal, by extortion: 
 The goodness of your intercepted packets 
 You writ to the pope against the king ; your 
 
 goodness, 
 Since you nrovoke me, shall be most notorious. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 GOO 
 
 'J'here's no goodness in thy fare. Shakesp. 
 
 There is a general, or natural gooaness in crea- 
 tures, and a more special or moral^'oor/ness. 
 
 Pei'kins. 
 
 The goodness of every thing is measured by its 
 end an5 use, and that's ihe best thing which serves 
 the best end and purj)Ose. IVIotsoii. 
 
 All made very particular relations of the 
 strength of the Scots army, the excellent disci- 
 pline that was observed in it, and the goodyiess of 
 the men. Clarendon. 
 
 Nobody can say, that tobacco of the same 
 goodness is risen in respect of itself: one pound 
 of the same goodness will never exchange for a 
 pound and a quarter of the same goodness. Locke. 
 
 Goods, n. s. [from good,] 
 
 1. Moveables in a house. 
 
 That giv'st to such a guest 
 As my poor selfe, of all thy goods the best. 
 
 CJiapman. 
 
 2. Personal or moveable estate. 
 
 That a writ be sued against you. 
 To forfeit all your ^(jti(/5, lands, tenements, 
 Castles, and whatsoever. Shakes}->. Henry VIII. 
 This hinders nothing the proceedings of the 
 civil courts, wliich respect the temporal punish- 
 ment upon body and goods. Lesley. 
 
 3. Wares ; freight ; merchandise. 
 
 Her majesty, when the goods of our English 
 merchants were attached by the duke of Alva, 
 arrested likewise the goods of the low Dutch here 
 in England. Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 Salee, that scorn'd all power and laws of men. 
 Goods with their owners hurrying to their <len. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Goo'dy. w. s, [corrupted from good 
 u'i/e.] A low term of civility used to 
 mean persons. 
 
 Soft, goody sheep, then said the fox, not so ; 
 Unto the king so rash you may not go. Huhheri. 
 
 Swarm'd on a rotten stick the bees I spy'd. 
 Which erst 1 saw when goody Dobson dy'd. Gay. 
 
 V\d\x\ goody would no longer down j 
 'Twas madam in her grogram gown. Swift. 
 
 Goo'dyship. n. s, [from goody.] Tne 
 
 quality of goody. Ludicrous. 
 The more sliame for her goodyship. 
 
 To give so near a friend the slip. Hudihras. 
 
 GOOSE. U.S. Tphira] geese, [z^y, Sax. 
 
 goes, Dut. gawe, Erse, sing, gewry, 
 
 plural.] 
 
 1, A large water fowl proverbially noted, 
 I know not wliy, for foolishness. 
 
 Tliou crcam-fi^ced lown. 
 Where coi'st thou that ij^oose look ? Shak. Macbeth. 
 SinceIpluckto-efse,play'ci truant, andwhipt top, 
 1 knew not what 'twas to be beaten till lately. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Birds most easy to be drawn are waterfowl ; as 
 
 tlie ^-twse and swan. Pcacham an Dratving. 
 
 Nor watchful dogs, nor the more wakeful geese, 
 
 DistAirb with nightly noise the sacred peace. Dry. 
 
 2. A taylor's smoothing iron. 
 
 Come in, tailor : here you may roast your goose. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Go'osEBERRY. 72, .9. [goosc and ber7'y, 
 because eaten with young geese as 
 sauce.] A berry and tree. The species 
 are, 1 . The cominon gooseberry. 2. The 
 large manured gooseberry. 3. The red 
 hairy gooseberry. 4. The large white 
 Dutch gooseberry. 5. The large amber 
 gooseberry. 6. The large green goose- 
 berry. 7, The large red gooseberry. 
 8. The yellow-leaved gooseberry. V, 
 The striped-leaved gooseberry, sillier, 
 
 August has upon his arm a basket of all man- 
 ner of ripe fruits i as pears, plums, ai>ples, goose- 
 berries. Feacham. 
 
 Upon ^ gooseberry hnsh a snail I found ; 
 For always snails near sweetest fruit abound. 
 
 Gay, 
 
 G O R 
 
 Go'osECAt. n. s. [from goose and cap."] 
 
 A silly person. 
 Go'osEFOOT. n.s. [chenopodium.] Wiltl 
 
 orach. Miller. 
 
 Go'osEGRASs. 71. s. Clivers; an herb. 
 
 Goosegrass, or wild tansy, 13 a weed that strong 
 clays are very subject to. Mortimer. 
 
 GO'RBELLY. n. s. [from jop duna;-, and 
 belli/, according to Skinnir and jimius. 
 It may perhaps come from goi; Welsh, 
 beyond, too much ; or, as seems to me 
 more likelj^, may be contracted from 
 gormand, or gorman's belli/, the belly 
 of a glutton.] A big paunch ; a swell- 
 ing belly. A terra of reproach for a fat 
 man. 
 
 Go'rbelhed. adj. [from gorbelli/.] Fat; 
 bigbellied ; having swelling paunches. 
 
 Hang ye, ^orbcllicd knaves, are 3'ou undone ? 
 No, ye fat chuffs, I would your store were here. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 GoRD. n.s. An instrument of gaming, 
 as appears from Beaumont and Flet- 
 cher. JVarburton. 
 
 Thy dry bones can reach at nothing now, but 
 gords and ninejnns. Beaumont and Fletcher. 
 
 Let vultures gripe thy guts ; for gords and Ful- 
 ham holds. Shahesp. 
 
 GORE. n. s. [50^6, Sax. gor, Welsh, 
 sanious matter.] 
 
 1. Blood effused from the body. 
 
 A griesly wound. 
 From which forth gush'd a stream of gore blood 
 
 thick, 
 That all her goodly garment stain'd around. 
 And into a deep sanguine dy'd the grassy ground. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Another's crimes the youth unhappy bore. 
 Glutting his father's eyes with guiltlessgoi'c. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Blood clotted or congealed. 
 
 The bloody fact 
 Will be aveng'd ; though here thou see him die. 
 Rolling in dust and gore. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 His horrid beard and knotted tresses stood 
 Stiff with his gore, and all his wounds ran blood. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 To Gore. v. a. [jebepian. Sax.] 
 1. To stab; to pierce. 
 
 Oh, let no noble eye profane a tear 
 For rae, if I begoj-'rf with INIowbray's spear. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 No weaker lion's by a stronger slain ; 
 Nor from his larger tusks the forest boar 
 Commission takes his brother swine to ^ore. Tate. 
 For arras his men Ion" pikes and jav lins bore. 
 And poles with pointed steel their foes in battle 
 gore. Dryden. 
 
 •2. To pierce with a horn. 
 
 Some toss'd, some gor'rf, some trampling down 
 he kill'd. Dryden. 
 
 He idly butting, feigns 
 His rival gor'd in every knotty trunk. TViom. Spring. 
 
 G0R(JE. n. s. [gorge, Fr.] 
 
 1. The throat ; the swallow. 
 
 There were birds also made so finely, that they 
 did not only deceive the sight with tlieir fiijures, 
 but the hearing witli their songs, which tlie watry 
 instruments did make their gorge deliver. Sidney. 
 
 And now how abhorred in my imagination it is ' 
 my •'orge rises at it. Sliakesn. Hamlet. 
 
 'Her delicate tenderness will find itself abused, 
 begin to heave the goi'ge, disrelish and ahhnr the 
 JIuor. Shakesj'. Othello. 
 
 2. That which is gorged or swallowed. 
 Not in use. 
 
 And all the way, most like a brutish beast. 
 He spewed up ins gorge, that all did him detest. 
 
 SpeTiser. 
 
 To Gorge, v. n. {gorger, Fr."" 
 
 828
 
 G O R 
 
 1, To fill up to the threat; to glut; to 
 «atiate. 
 
 Being with his presence glutted, gorged, and 
 full. Shakesp. 
 
 He that raakes his generation messes, 
 To gorge his appetite. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Gorge with ni^- blood thy barbarous appetite. 
 
 Drt/den . 
 
 I desire that they will not gorge the lion either 
 ■with nonsense or obscenity. Addison. 
 
 Nor would his slaughler'd army now have lain 
 On Africk's sands, disfigur'd with their wounds, 
 To^erge the wolves and vultures of Numidia. Add. 
 
 Tlie giant, D^or^'d with flesh and wine, and bluod, 
 Lay stretch'd at length, and snoring ill his den. .4rf(/. 
 
 2. 1*0 swallow : as, the Jtsk has gorged 
 the hook. 
 
 Go'rged, ad}, [{rom gorge.] Having a 
 gorge or throat. 
 
 Look up a height, the shrill gorged lark sn far 
 Cannot be seen or heard, Shakesp. 
 
 GO'RGEOUS. adj. [gorgias, old Fr. 
 Skifiner.] Fine; splendid; glittering 'in 
 various colours ; showy ; magnificent. 
 
 O, that deceit should dwell 
 In such a gorgeous palace ! Shak. Borneo and Juliet. 
 
 As full of spirit as the month of May, 
 And gorr^eoiis AS the sun at ilidsumraer. Shakesp. 
 
 He bad them look upon tliemselves and upon 
 their enemies, themselves dreadful, tlieir enemies 
 gorgeous and brave. Hayward. 
 
 The gorgeous East, with richest hand. 
 Pours on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Miit. 
 With gorgeous wings, the marks of sovereign sway, 
 The two contending princes make their way. Dry. 
 
 Go'rgeously. adv. [from gorgeous.] 
 Splendidly ; magnificently ; finely. 
 
 The duke, one solemn day, gorgeously clad in 
 a suit all over spread with diamonds, lost one of 
 them of good value. Wotton. 
 
 Go'rgeousness. 71. s. [from gorgeous.] 
 Splendour ; magnificence ; show. 
 
 Go'rget. n.s. [from gorge.] The piece 
 of armom* that defends the throat. 
 
 He with a palsy fumbling on his gorget. 
 Shakes in and out the rivet. Shak. Troil. and Cres. 
 
 He did oftentimes spend the night in the church 
 alone praying, his headpiece, gorget, and gaunt- 
 lets lying Dv him. KnoUes. 
 
 See how his gorget peers above his gown. 
 To tell the people m what danger he was. B. Jons. 
 
 About his neck a threefold gorget, 
 As rough as trebled leathern target. Hudibras. 
 Go'rgon. 7i.s. [yo^yv.] Amonsterwuth 
 snaky hairs, of which the sight turned 
 the beholders to stone ; any thing ugly 
 or hon-id. 
 
 Corgoiis and hydras, and chymeras dire. Milt. 
 
 Why drd'st thou not encounter roan for man. 
 And try the virtue of Xh&i gorgon face 
 To stare me into stature. Dryden. 
 
 GORMAND. n.s. [gourmand, Fr.] A 
 
 greedy eater ; a ravenous luxurious 
 
 feeder. 
 ToGo'rmandize. v.n. [from g-ormanrf.] 
 
 To eat greedily ; to feed ravenously. 
 Gormandizer, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 A voracious eater. 
 GoRSE. n. s. [jopj'. Sax.] Furz ; a 
 
 thick prickly shrub that bears yellow 
 
 flowers in Winter. 
 Gory. adj. [from gore.l 
 1. Covered with congealed blood. 
 
 \Vhen two boars with rankling malice met. 
 
 Their gor^ sides the fresh wounds fiercely fret. 
 
 *^ Spenser. 
 Why do* St thou shake thy gory locks at me ? 
 
 Thou ran'st not say I did it. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 '2. Bloody ; raurtherous ; fatal. Not in use. 
 
 G O S 
 
 The obligation of our blood forbids 
 A gory efuulatiou 'twixt us twain. Shakesp. 
 
 Go'SHAWK. n. s. [50J- goose, and jjapoc 
 a hawk.] A hawk of a large kind. 
 Such dread his awful visage on them cast ; 
 So seem poor doves at gmhauks sight aghast. Sairf. 
 Go'sLlNG. n. s. [from goose.} 
 1 . A young goose ; a goose not yet full 
 grown. 
 
 Why do you go nodding and waggling so like a 
 fool, as if you were hipshot.* says the goose to 
 her gosling. U Estrange. 
 
 Jiature hath instructed even a brood of goelings 
 to stick together, while the kite is hovering over 
 their heads. _ Swift. 
 
 •2. A katkin on nut-trees and pines. 
 
 GO'SPEL. n. s. [sobej- j-pel, or God's 
 or good tidings ; ivayyixut ; soskel, siccal 
 suach, happy tidings, Erse.] 
 
 1. God's work ; the holy book of the 
 Christian revelation. 
 
 Thus may the gospd to the rising sun 
 Be spread, and flourish where it first begun. T( all. 
 
 All the decrees wliereof Scripture treateth are 
 conditionate, receiving Christ as the gospel otTers 
 him, as Lord and Saviour; the former, as well as the 
 latter, being the condition of scripture-election, 
 and the rejecting or not receiving him thus, the 
 condition of the scripture-reprobation. Hamm. 
 
 How is a good Christian animated and cheered 
 by a stedfast belief of the promises of the gospel. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 2. Divinity; theology i 
 
 To Gospel, v.n. [from the noun.] To 
 fill with sentiments of religion. This 
 word in Shakrspcare, in whom alone I 
 have found it, is used, tliough so vene- 
 rable in itself, with some degree of irony : 
 I suppose from the gospellers, who had 
 long been held in contempt. 
 
 Are you so gospeird 
 To pray for this good man, and for his issue. 
 Whose heavy hand hath bew'd you to the grave ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Go'spELLERi n. s. [£rom gospel.] A 
 name of the followers of Wickliffe, who 
 first atteraptetl a reformation from 
 popery, given them by the Papists in 
 reproach, from their professing to fol- 
 low and preach only the gospel. 
 
 These gospellers have had tlicir golden days, 
 Have trodden down our holy Roman faith. Roue. 
 
 Go'ssAMER. n. s. [gossipium, low Lat.] 
 The down of plants ; the long w hite cob- 
 webs which fly in the air in calm sunny 
 weather, especially about the time of 
 Autumn. Haiimer. 
 
 A lover may bestride the gossamoiir. 
 That idles in the wanton Summer air. 
 And yet not fall, so light is vanity. Shakesp. 
 
 Four nimble knats Ine horses were, 
 Their harnesses of gcssame}'e. Drayton's Kymphid. 
 
 TJie filmy gossamer now fiits no more, 
 Nor halc3'ons bask on the short sunn^- shore. Dry. 
 
 GO'SSIP. n.s. [from 50b, and j-yb, re- 
 lation, affinity, Sax.] 
 
 1. One who answers for the child in bap- 
 tism. 
 
 Go to a^ayip's feast and gaude with me. 
 After so long grief such nali\-ity, SJiakesp. 
 
 At the christening of George duke of Clarence, 
 who was born in tlie Castle of Dublin, he made 
 both the earl of Kiidare and the carl of Ormond 
 his gossips. Davics on Ireland. 
 
 2. A tippling companion. 
 
 And sometimes lurk I in a gos5tp's bowl, 
 In very likeness of a roasted crab, 
 .\nd when she drinks against her lips I bob. Siak. 
 
 GOV 
 
 3. One who runs about tattling, like 
 women at a lying-in. 
 
 To do llie ofiice of a neighbour. 
 And be a gossip at his labour. Hudibras 
 
 'Tis sun" in ev'ry street, 
 'ITie commonchaiof goffi^is when they meet. Dry. 
 
 To Go'ss I P. V.n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To chat ; to prate ; to be merry. 
 
 Go to a gossip's feast and gaude with roe. 
 — With aMmy heart 111 ^oKrpatthis feast. Shak. 
 
 His mother was a votress of ray order, 
 And, in the spiced Indian air by night. 
 Full often hath she gossipt by my side. Shahetj>. 
 
 The market and e-xchange must be left to tlieir 
 own ways of talking ; and gossipings not be robbed 
 of their ancieiit privilege. Locke. 
 
 He gives himself up to an idle gosaping conver- 
 sation. Lav. 
 
 2. To be a pot-companion. 
 
 Nor met with fortune, other than at feast. 
 Full warm of blood, of mirth, of gossiping. Shak, 
 Go'ssiPRED. n. s. [gossipry (rom gossip.'] 
 
 Gessi]tred or compatemity, by tl'e canon law, is 
 a spiritual afiinity ; and thejuror, that was gossip 
 to either of the 'parties, might, in former times, 
 have been challenged as not indiflicrent. Daiiis. 
 
 Go'sTiNG. n.s. [rubia.] An herb. Ains. 
 Got. prep, [from the verb g•e^] 
 
 Titus Lartius writes, tliey fought together : bat 
 
 Aulidius got off. Shakesp. Corii>tanus. 
 
 If vou have strength Achilles' arms to bear, 
 Though foul Thersites got thee, thou shall be 
 Lov'tTand esteem'd. Dryden's Jurcnal. 
 
 These regions and this realm my wars have got; 
 This mournful empire is the loser s lot. Dryden. 
 
 When they began to reason about the means 
 how the sea got thither, and away back again, 
 there they were presently in the dark. 
 
 Tt'oedirard's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Got. part. pass, of get. 
 
 Solyman commended tliem for their valour i.n 
 their evil haps, in a plot so well by them laid, 
 more than he did the victory of others ^ot by good 
 fortune, not grounded upon atiy gootf reason. 
 
 Knolles. 
 
 A gentle persuasion in reasoning, when the first 
 point of submission to your will is got^ will most 
 times do. " Locke. 
 
 If he behaves himself so when he depends on 
 US for his daily bread, can any man say what l.c 
 will do when he is got above the world ? Arbuth. 
 
 Thou wert from .-Etna's burning entrails torn, 
 Got by fierce whirlwinds, and in thunder born. 
 
 Pope. 
 Go'tten. part. pass, of get. 
 
 Wisdom cannot be gotten for gold. Jci, jiiviii. 1.5. 
 
 Few of tnem, wlien they are gotten into an 
 
 office, apply their thoughts to the eiecution of it. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 GouD. n. s. Woad ; a plant. Diet. 
 
 Gove. n. s. A mow. Tusser. 
 
 To Gove. r.n. To mow; to put in a 
 
 gove, goff, or mow. An old word. 
 Load safe, carry home, follow time being fair, 
 
 Gow just in the bam, it is out of despair. Tusser. 
 
 To GOVERN. V. a. [gourerner, Fr. 
 guberno, Lat.] 
 
 1. To rule as a chief magistrate. 
 
 This inconvenience is more hard tt» l>e redressed 
 in the governor than the governed ; as a malady 
 in a vital part is more incurable than in an ex- 
 ternal. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Slaves to our passions we become, and then 
 It grows impossible to govern men. II aller. 
 
 2. To regulate ; to influence ; to direct. 
 
 I am at present against war, though it puts the 
 power into ray hands, and though such turbulent 
 and naughty spirits as you are, gotem all things 
 in times of 'peace. Ddim«irif. 
 
 The chief point, which he is to carry always 
 in his eye, and by which he is to gorern ^11 his 
 counsels^ designs, and actions. Atterbury, 
 
 3. To manage ; to restrain. 
 
 Go after her, she's desperate ; goiem her. SuA 
 
 829
 
 GOV 
 
 4. [In grammar.] To have force with re- 
 gard to syntax ; as, amo governs the ac- 
 cusative case. 
 
 Listen, cljildren, unto me. 
 And let this your lesson be. 
 In uur language evermore 
 Words tlirtt governgo before. Manger's Fr. Gram. 
 
 5. To pilot ; to regulate the motions of a 
 sliip. 
 
 To Govern, v. n. To keep superiority ; 
 to beliave with haughtiness. 
 
 By that rule, 
 \ our wicked atoms may be working now 
 To gire bad counsel, tliat you still may govern. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Go'vERNABLE. flrf/. [from ^0 fern.] Sub- 
 missive to authority ; eubject to rule ; 
 obedient ; mana<:;eable. 
 
 The flexibleness of the former part of a man's 
 age, not yet grown up tu be headstrong, makes 
 it more governable and safe. Locke. 
 
 Go'vERNANCE. 71. s, [^rom gove7-7i.] 
 
 1. Government; rule; management. 
 
 Jonathan took the governance upon him at that 
 time, and rose up instead of his brother Judns. 
 
 1 Mac. ix. 31. 
 
 2. Controul, as that of a guardian. 
 Me he knew not, neither his own ill, 
 
 'Till through wise handling, and hir governance, 
 X him recurred to a better will. Spenser. 
 
 What ! shall king Henry be a pupil still, 
 Under the surly GFoster's governance? Shakesp. 
 
 3. Behaviour; manners. ObsoletCr 
 He likest is to fall into mischance 
 
 That is regardless of his governance. Spenser. 
 
 Go'vERNANTE. 71. s. [gouvtrfiante, Fr.] 
 A lady who has the care of young girls 
 of quality. The more usual and pro- 
 per word is gova^ness. 
 
 Go'vERKESS. n. s. \^gouvernessej old 
 Fr. from gove.'\ 
 
 1. A female invested with authority. 
 The moon, tlie g^oy^mesj of floods, 
 
 Pale in her anger, washes alt the air. 
 
 That rheumatick diseases do abound. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A tutoress ; a woman that has the care 
 of young ladies. 
 
 He presented himself unto her, falling down 
 upon both his knees, and holding up his hands, 
 as the old governess ot Danac is pamted, when she 
 suddenly i^aw the gq^den shower. Sidney. 
 
 His three younger children were taken from the 
 govo'ness in whose hands he put them. Clarendon. 
 
 3. A tutoress ; an instructress ; a di- 
 rectress . 
 
 Great alHiction that severe gfwerncss of the life 
 of man brings upon the souls she seiaes on. 
 
 More against Atheism. 
 
 Government, n.s. [go7ive7'7ieme7it, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Form of a community with respect to 
 the disposition of the supreme authofity. 
 
 There seem to be but two general kinds of go- 
 vernment in the world : the one exercised accord- 
 ing to the arbitrary commands and will of some 
 single person ; and the other according to certain 
 orders or laws introduced by agreement or custom, 
 and not to be changed without the consent of 
 raany. Temple. 
 
 No government can do any act to limit itself: 
 the supreme legislative power cannot make itself 
 not to oe absolute. Lesley. 
 
 2. An established state of legal authority. 
 
 There they shall found 
 Their government, and their great senate chuse 
 Through the twelve tribes, to rule by laws or- 
 dain'd. Milton. 
 
 AVhile he survives, in concord and content 
 The commons live, by no division rent ; 
 But the great monarch's death dissolves the i^ii- 
 vemmetit. Dn^den. 
 
 Kvery one knows, who has considered tlie iij,- 
 
 G O IT 
 
 ture of government, that there must he in each 
 particular form of it an absolute unlimited power. 
 
 Addison. 
 Where any one person or body of men seize 
 into their hands the power in the last resort, there 
 is properly no longer a government, but what Ari- 
 stotle and his followers call the abuse or corrup- 
 tion of one. Swift. 
 
 3. Administration of publick affairs. 
 
 Safety and equal government are things 
 Which subjects make as happy as their kings. 
 
 IT alter. 
 
 Those governments which curb not evils, cause ; 
 And a rich knave's a libel on our laws. Young. 
 
 4. Regularity of behaviour. Not in use. 
 
 You needs must learn lord, to amend this fault; 
 Though sometimes it shews greatness, courage, 
 
 blood. 
 Yet oftentimes it doth present harsh rage, 
 Defect of manners, want of government. 
 Pride, haughtiness, opinion, and disdain. Shak. 
 
 'Tis government that makes them seem divine ; 
 The want thereof makes thee abominable. Shak. 
 
 5. Manageableness ; compliance; obse- 
 quiousness. 
 
 Thy eyes windows fall. 
 Like death, when he shuts up the day of life ; 
 Each part depriv'd of supple government, 
 Shall stiff and stark, and cold appear, like death. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 
 6. Management of the limbs or body. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Their god 
 Shot many a dart at me with fierce intent ; 
 But I them warded all witii vtary government. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 7. [In grammar.] Influence with regard 
 to construction. 
 
 Go'vERNOUR, 71. s. [gotivemcur, Fr.j 
 
 1. One who has the supreme direction. 
 
 It must be confessed, that of Christ, working 
 as a creator and a governoiir of the world by pro- 
 vidence, all are partakers. looker. 
 
 They beget in us a great idea and veneration of 
 the mighty author and governour of such stupen- 
 dous bodies, and excite and elevate our minas to 
 his adoration and praise. Bentley. 
 
 2. One who is invested with supreme au- 
 thority in a state. 
 
 For the kingdom is the Lord's, and he is the 
 governour among the nations. Ps. xxii. 28. 
 
 The magistrate cannot urge obedience upon 
 such potent grounds as the minister, if so disposed, 
 can urge disobedience : as, for iastance, if my go- 
 vernour should command me to do a thing, or I 
 must die, or forfeit my estate ; and the minister 
 steps in and tells me, that 1 offend God, and ruin 
 my soul, if I obey that command, *tis easy to see 
 a greater force in this persuasion. South. 
 
 3. One who rules any place with delegated 
 and temporary authority. 
 
 To you, lord governour. 
 Remains the censure of this hellish viUaifi. Shak. 
 
 4. A tutor; one who has care of a young 
 man. 
 
 To IMtam will I, where the young king is. 
 Being ordain'd his special govo'nour ; 
 And for his safety there I'll best devise. Shakes}), 
 
 The great work of a governour is to fashion the 
 carriage, and form the mind ; to settle in his 
 pupil good habits, and the principles of virtue 
 and wisdom, Locke. 
 
 During the minority of kings, the election of 
 bishops, and other affairs of the church, must be 
 left in the hands of their governours and courtiers. 
 
 Lesley. 
 
 5. Pilot ; regulator ; manager. 
 
 Behold ali the ships, which though they be so 
 great, aiid are driven of fierce winds, yet they are 
 turned about with a very small helm, whitherso- 
 ever the governour listeth. Ja. iii. 4. 
 
 GOUGE. 71. s, [Fr.] A chissel having a 
 round edge, for the cutting of such wood 
 as is to be rounded or hollowed. IMoxoti. 
 
 G O W 
 
 Go'uiERES. n. «. [gouje, Fr. a camp 
 trull.] The French disease. Hunmer. 
 Gourd, n. s. [gouhm-de, Fr.] 
 
 1. A plant. The fruit of some species 
 are long, of others round, or bottle 
 shaped. Miller. 
 
 But I will haste, and from each bough and brake. 
 Each plaut and juiciest gourd, will pluck such 
 
 choice 
 To entertain our angel-guest. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Gourd seeds abuuna so much in oil, that a 
 sweet and jjleasant one may be drawn from thence 
 by expression ; they are of the four greater cold 
 seeds, and are used in emulsions. HiU. 
 
 2. A bottle [from o-oi/rf, old Fr.] Skinner. 
 The large fruit so called is often scooped 
 hollow, for the purpose of containing 
 and carrying wine, and other liquors : 
 from thence any leathern bottle grew to 
 be called by the same name, and so the 
 word is used by Chaucer. Hanmer. 
 
 Gou'rdiness. n. s. [from gourd.] A 
 swelling in a horse's leg after a journey. 
 Farrier's Diet, 
 GouRNET. n. s. [cuculus.] A fish. 
 GOUT. n. s. [goutte, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The arthritis ; a periodical disease at- 
 tended with great pain. 
 
 The gout is a disease which may affect any 
 membraneous part, but commonly those which 
 are at the greatest distance from the heart or tlie 
 brain, where the motion of the fluids is the slowest, 
 the resistance, friction, and stricture of the solid 
 
 Earts the greatest, and the sensation of pain, 
 y the dilaceration of the nervous fibres, ex- 
 treme. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 One that's sick o' th' gout, had rather 
 Groan so in perplexity, than be cur'd 
 By th' sure physician death. Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 This very rev'rend lecher, quite worn out 
 With rheumatisms, and crippled with his gout, 
 Forgets what he in youthful times has done. 
 And swinges his own vices in his son. Drydm. 
 
 2. A drop, [goutte, Fr. giitta, Lat.] Gut 
 for drop is still used in Scotland by phy- 
 sicians. 
 
 I see thee still. 
 And on the blade o' th' dudgeon gouts of blood. 
 Which was not so before. Shakesp. Macheth. 
 
 GOUT. 71. s. [Fr.] A taste. An affected 
 cant word. 
 
 Catalogues serve for a direction to any one that 
 has a gout for the like studies. WoodKoricm Fossils. 
 
 Go'uTWORT. 71. s. [gout and u'ort,poda- 
 grai'ia.'] An herb. Ainstverth. 
 
 Go'UTY. adj. [from gout.] 
 
 1. Afflicted or diseased with the gout. 
 
 There dies not above one of a thousand of the 
 gout, although I believe that more die gouty. 
 
 Graunt, 
 
 Knots upon his gouti/ joints appear. 
 And chalkis in his crippled fingers found. Dryd. 
 
 Most commonly agouti/ constitution is attended 
 with great acuteness of parts, the nervous fibres, 
 both in the brain and the other extremities, being 
 delicate. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 2. Relating to the gout. 
 
 There are likewise other causes of blood spit- 
 ting ; one is the settlement of a gouty matter in 
 the substance of the lungs. Blachmme. 
 
 GOWN. n. s. [gonna, Ital. g-jcn, Welsh 
 
 and Erse.] 
 1 . A long upper garment. 
 
 They make garments either short, as cloaks, or, 
 asgouiis, longlo tlie ground. Abbot 
 
 If ever 1 said a loosebodied goira, sew me up 
 in the skirts of it, and beat me to deatli with a 
 bottom of brown thread ; I said agoiwi. Shsk. 
 
 030
 
 G R A 
 
 In length of train descends her sweeping gmun, 
 
 And by her graceful walk the qneen of luve is 
 
 inown. Dryden. 
 
 2. A woman's upper garment. 
 
 I despise vour new ijown, 'till I see yoa dressed 
 
 in it. P'P^- 
 
 S. The long habit of a man dedicated to 
 
 acts of peace, as divinity, medicine, law. 
 
 The benefices tlicmsclves are so mean in Irish 
 counties, that tliey will not yield any competent 
 maintenance for any honest minister, scarcely to 
 buy him a gown. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Gin in Ins Gabin goufi the hero sat. Dryden. 
 
 Yet nut superior to her sex's cares, 
 The mode she fixes by tliegmcn she wears ; 
 Of silks and china she's the last appe,-U ; 
 la these ereat points she loads the common weal. 
 * "^ You;!'. 
 
 4. The dress of peace. 
 
 He Mars depos'd , and arms togowns made yield; 
 Successful councils ilid him soon approve 
 As fit for close intrigues as open field. Dryden. 
 
 Go'wNED. adj. [from goum.] Dressed 
 in a gown. 
 
 A noble crew about them waited round 
 Of sage and sober peers, all cravely nown'd. Spens. 
 In velvet white as snow the troop was^oun'ri. 
 The seams with sparkling emeralds set around. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Go'wNMAN. n. «. [gown and vian.] A 
 man devoted to the arts of peace ; one 
 whose proper habit is a gown. 
 
 Let him with pedants 
 
 Pore out his life amongst the lazy gounmen. Rmce. 
 
 Thus will that whole bench, in an age or two, 
 
 be composed of mean, fawning gouiimen, depeitd- 
 
 ants upon the court for a morsel of bread. Suift. 
 
 To Grabble, v.n. [probably corrupted 
 from grapple.] To grope ; to feel 
 eagerly with the hands. 
 
 My blood chills about my heart at the thought 
 of these rogues, with their bloody hands grabbling 
 in my guts, and pulling out my very entrails. 
 
 Arbutlinot's John Butt. 
 
 To Gra'bble. v. a. To lie prostrate on 
 the ground. Ainswortk. 
 
 GRACE, n. s. [grace, Fr. gratia, Lat. 
 graace, Erse.] 
 
 1. Favour ; kindness. 
 
 If the highest love in no base person may aspire 
 to grace, then may I hope your beauty will not 
 be without pity. Sidney. 
 
 O momentary grace of mortal men, 
 Wliich we more hunt for tlian the grace of God ! 
 
 Shahesp. 
 Such as were popular. 
 And well deserving, were advanc'd by ^arc. Dan. 
 
 Is this the reward and thanks I am to have for 
 those many acts of grace I have lately passed ? 
 
 King Charles. 
 Yet those remov'd, 
 Such ^ace shall one just raan find in l:is ^ght. 
 That ne relents, not to blot out mankind. Milton. 
 
 He receiv'd all the graces and degrees, the 
 proctorship ard the doctorship could be obtained 
 there. Clarendon. 
 
 Or each, or all, may win a lady's grace; 
 Tlien either of you knights may well deserve 
 A princess bom. Dryden s Fables. 
 
 None of us, who now your grace implore. 
 But held the rank of sov'reign queen before. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Proffer'd service I repaid the fair, 
 That of her grace she gave her maid to know 
 The secret meaning of this moral show. Dryden. 
 
 2. Favourable influence of God on the 
 human mind. 
 
 The grace of God, that passeth understanding, 
 keep your liearts and minds. Common Prayer. 
 
 The evil of sin is that wc are especially to pray 
 against, most earnestly begging of God, that lie 
 will, by the power of nis grace, preserve as from 
 falling nito sni. Duty of Man. 
 
 Prevenient grace descending had remov'd 
 
 G R A 
 
 The stony from their hearts, and made new flesh 
 Regenerate grow instead. Mitten. 
 
 3. Virtue ; effect of God's influence. 
 Within the church, in the publick profession and 
 
 external communion thereof, are contahicd per- 
 sons truly good and sanctified, and hereafter 
 saved ; and together with them other persons 
 void of all saving grace, and hereafter to be 
 damned. Pearmn. 
 
 How Van wants grace who never wanted wit. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. Pardon; mercy. 
 
 Noble pity held 
 His hand a while, and to their choice gave space 
 Which they would prove, his valour or his grace. 
 
 Walter. 
 Bow and sue for grace 
 With suppliant knee. Jli/Zon. 
 
 5. Favour conferred. 
 1 should therefore esteem it great favour and 
 
 grace. 
 Would you be so kind as to go in my place. Prior. 
 
 0. Privilege. 
 
 But to return and view the cheerful skies. 
 To few great Jupiter imparts this grace. Dryden. 
 
 7. A goddess, by the heathens supposed 
 
 to bestow beauty. 
 This forehead, where your verse has said 
 
 The loves delighted and the graces play'd. Prior. 
 H. Behaviour, considered as decent or 
 
 unbecoming. 
 
 The same words in Philoclea's mouth, as from 
 one woman to another, so as there were no other 
 body by, might have had a better grace, anci jier- 
 chance'have found a gentler receipt. Sidney. 
 
 Have I reason or good grace in what I do ? Temp, 
 
 9. Adventitious or artificial beauty ; pleas- 
 ing appearance. 
 
 One lilac only, with a statelier grace, 
 Presura'd to claim the oak's and cedar's place ; 
 And, looking round him with a monarch's care, 
 Spread his exalted bouglis to wave in air. Harte. 
 
 Her purple habit siTs with such a grace 
 On her smooth shoulders, aud so suits her face. 
 
 Dryden s .JTn. 
 
 To write and speak correctly gives a grace, and 
 gains a favourable attention to what one has to 
 say. Loclie. 
 
 10. Natural excellence. 
 
 It doth grieve me, that things of principal ex- 
 cellency should be thus bitten at by men whom 
 God hath endued with graces both of wit and 
 learning, for better purposes. Hoolter. 
 
 To some kind of men, 
 Their graces sen'e them but as enemies. Shakesp. 
 
 In his own grace he doth exalt himself 
 Blore than in your advancement. Shakesp. 
 
 The charming Lausus, full of youthful fire. 
 To Turnus only second in tl\e gi-ace 
 Of manly mein, and features of the face. Dryden. 
 
 11. Embellishment ; recommendation ; 
 beauty. 
 
 Where justice grows, there grows the greater 
 grace. 
 The which doth quench the brand of hellish smart. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Set all things In their own peculiar place. 
 And know that order is the greatest grace. Dryden 
 
 The flow'r which lasts for little space, 
 Ashortliv'd good, and an uncertain grace. Dryd. 
 
 12. Single beauty. 
 I pass their form and every charming grace. Dry. 
 
 13. Ornament ; flower ; highest perfection. 
 By their hands this grace of kings must die. 
 
 If hell and treason hold their promises. Shakesp. 
 
 14. Single or particidar virtue. 
 The king-becoming graces. 
 
 As justice, verity, temp'rance, stableness. 
 Devotion, patience, cour.ige, fortitude, 
 I have no relish of them. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The graces of his religion prei-are him for the 
 most useful dischargeof every relationof life. Rog. 
 
 15. Virtue physical. 
 O, mickle is the pow'rfal grac that lies 
 
 In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities. 
 
 Shalicsp. 
 
 G R A 
 
 IC. The title of a duke or archbishop ; 
 formerly of the king, meaning the same 
 as your goodmss, or your clemency. 
 
 Here come I from our princely general 
 To know your griefs ; to tell you from his grace. ^ 
 That he will give you audience. SAaJi. Henry IV. 
 
 High and luigiity king, your grace, and those 
 your nobles here present, may be pjeascd to bow 
 your ears. Bacon's Henry \\.\.. 
 
 According to the usual proceeding of your" grace, 
 and of the court, with delinquents whicn are over- 
 taken with error in simplicity, lliere was yiti ed 
 unto him a deliberate, patient, and full hearing, 
 together with a satisfactory answer to all his main 
 objections. ^^ '"'e. 
 
 17. A short prayer said before and after 
 
 meat. 
 
 Your soldiers use him as the grace 'fore meat. 
 Their talk at table, and their thanks at end. Shak. 
 
 While grace is saying after meat, do you and 
 your brethren take the chairs fruiu bcliind the 
 company. Sicijt. 
 
 Then'chcarful hcaltlis, your mistress shall bine 
 |)lace ; 
 And w hat's more rare, a poet shall say grace. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Grace-cup. n.s. [grace a.r\(\ cup.] Tne 
 cup or health drank after grace. 
 The grace-cup serv'd, the cloth away, 
 Jove thought it time to shew his play." Prierr. 
 
 To Grace, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To adorn; to dignify; to embellish; 
 to recommend ; to decorate. 
 
 This they study, this they practise, this lliey 
 grace with a wanton superfluity of wit. Hooker. 
 
 I do not think a braver gentleman, 
 ]\Iore daring, or more bold is now alive. 
 To grace this latter age w itii noble deeds. Shahisp. 
 
 Little of this greaf world can I speak. 
 And therefore little shall 1 grace my cause. 
 In speaking for myself. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 "There is due from the judge to the advocate 
 some commendation and gracing, where causes 
 are well handled. Bacon. 
 
 Rich crowns were on their royal scutcheons plac'd, 
 VVith saphires, diamonds, and with rubies^ac'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 By both his parents of descent divine ; 
 Great Jove andPhoehusgrac'd his nobler line. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Though triumphs were to generals only due. 
 Crowns were reserv'd to grace the soldiers too. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favour. 
 
 He writes 
 How happily lie lives, how well belov'd. 
 And daily gracerf by the emperor. Shakesp. 
 
 He might at his pleasure grace or disgrace whom 
 he would in court. KnolUs. 
 
 Dispose all honours of the sword and gun, 
 Cyrace with anod, and ruin with a frown. Drydin. 
 
 3. To favour. 
 
 When the guests withdrew. 
 Their courteous host saluting all the crew, 
 Regardless pass'd her o'er, uor frac'd with kind 
 adieu. Dryden. 
 
 Gra'ced. adj. [irom grace.] 
 
 1 . l^eautiful ; graceful. Not in use. 
 He saw this gentleman, one of the properest 
 
 and best graced men that ever I saw, being of a 
 middle age and a mean stature. _ iidiifu. 
 
 2. Virtuous ; regular ; chaste. Not m use. 
 
 Epicurism and lust 
 Make it more like a tavern or a brothel, 
 Than a grac'd palace. Shakesp. /ling Lei-r. 
 
 Graceful, adj. [(rom gi-ace.] Deauti- 
 ful with dignity. 
 Amid' the troops, and like the leading god, 
 o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turniu 
 rode. ,. D'-."'''"- 
 
 Matchless his pen, victorious was his lance ; 
 Bold ill the lists, and grac^t in the dance. 
 
 High 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Yet graceful ease, and sweetness void of ptide, 
 
 Might hide her faults, if belles had faults to hide. 
 
 '^ ropf. 
 
 «31
 
 G R A 
 
 Graceful to sight, and elegant to thought. 
 The great are vaiiquish'd , and the wise are taught. 
 
 Gra'cefully. adv, [from ^raceJuL] 
 Elegantly ; with pleasing dignity. 
 
 'ilirough nature and through art she rang'd, 
 And gracefuUii her subject chang'd. 6'a//i' 
 
 Walking is the mode or manner of raan, or of 
 a beast ; but walking crraceJ'uUij implies a mannnr 
 or mode superadded to that action. iVatts's Logick. 
 
 Gra'cefulness. n. s. [from gr a ceju/,] 
 Elegance of manner ; dignity with 
 beauty. 
 
 His neck, iiis hands, liis shoulders, and his 
 breast, 
 Pid next in gracefnlncss and beauty stand 
 To breathing figures. Diydeii's Ovid. 
 
 He executed with so much g-racf/'^/ness and beau- 
 ty, that he alone got money and reputation. Dryd. 
 " There is a secret gi-acej\dness of youth which ac- 
 companies his writings, though the staidness and 
 sobriety of age be wanting. Drydens Ovid, Prtj. 
 
 If hearers are aniaz'd from whence 
 Proceeds tluit fund uf wit and sense, 
 AMiich, thouch her modesty would shroud, " 
 Breaks like tlie sun behind a cloud j 
 ^^ hile gracefulness its art conceals. 
 And yet through ev'ry motion steals. Sunft. 
 
 Gra'c eless. adj. [from grace.] Void 
 of grace ; wicked ; hopelessly corrupt ; 
 abandoned. 
 
 This graceless man, for furtherance of his guile, 
 Did court the handmaid of my iady dear. Speiiser. 
 
 Whose hap shall be to have her, 
 Will not so grticeless be, to be in^rate. Shakesp. 
 
 In all manner of graceless andliopeless charac- 
 ters, some are lost for want of advice, and others 
 for want of lieed. UEsirange. 
 
 Furnish'd for offence, he cross'd the way. 
 Betwixt the ^racdess villain and Ins prey. Dryden. 
 Gra'ces. n. s. Good graces for favour 
 is seldom used in the singular^ 
 
 Demand dcliv'ry of her heart, 
 Her goods and chattels, and good graces. 
 And person up to his embraces. Hudihras. 
 
 Gra'cile. adj: [gracilis, Lat.] Slender; 
 
 small. Diet. 
 
 Gra'cilent. adj, [gracilentas, Lat.] 
 
 Lean. Diet. 
 
 Gracili'ty. n. s. [gracilitus, Lat.] 
 
 Slenderness ; smallness. 
 GRA'C IOU.S. adj. [gracieiiXy Fr.] 
 
 1. Mercifid ; benevolent. 
 
 Common sense and reason could not but tell 
 them, that the good and gracious God could not 
 be pleased, nor consequently worshipped, with 
 any thing barbarous or cruel. Simth, 
 
 To be good and gracious, and a lover of know- 
 ledge, are two of the most amiable things. Burnet. 
 
 2. Favourable ; kind. 
 
 And the Lord was gracious unto them, and had 
 compassion on them. 2 Kings, xiii. 23. 
 
 Unblam'd Ulysses' house. 
 In which I finde receipt so gracious. Chapman. 
 
 From now reveal 
 A gracious beam of light ; from now inspire 
 My tongue to sing, my hand to touch the lyre. 
 
 'Prior. 
 
 3. Acceptable ; favoured. 
 
 Doctrine is much more profitable and gracious 
 by example than by rule. Spenser. 
 
 He made us gracious before the kin^s of Persia, 
 so that they gave us food. 1 Esr/r. viii. SO. 
 
 Goring, who was now general of the liorse, was 
 no more gracious to prince Rupert than Wilniot 
 had been. Clarendon. 
 
 4. Virtuous ; good. 
 
 Kings are no less unhappy, their issue not being 
 gracious, than they are in losing them when they 
 have approved their virtues. Snak, Winter's Taie. 
 
 5. Excellent. Obsolete. 
 
 The grievous abuse which hath been of councils, 
 should rather cause men to study how so gi'acwus 
 
 G R A 
 
 a thing may again be reduced to that first per- 
 fection. Hooker. 
 G. Graceful ; becoming. Obsolete. 
 
 Our women's names are more gracious than their 
 Rutilia, that is, red head. Camden. 
 
 Gra'ciously. adv. [from gi-aciotis.] 
 
 1. Kindly; with kind condescension. 
 
 His testimony he graciously confirmed, that it 
 was the best of all my tragedies. Dryden. 
 
 He heard my vows, and ^^raci/U(S?i/ decreed 
 JMy grounds to be restor'd, my former flocks to 
 feed. Dryden. 
 
 If her majesty would hut graciously be pleased 
 to think a hardship of this nature worthy her 
 royal consideration. Swift. 
 
 2. In a pleasing manner. 
 Gra'ciousness. 71. s. [from gracious.'] 
 1. Kind condescension. 
 
 The graciousncss and temper of this answer 
 made no impression on them. Clarendon. 
 
 % Pleasing manner. 
 
 Grada'tion. n. s. [gradation. Ft, gra- 
 dusj Lat.] 
 
 1. Regular progress from one degree to 
 another. 
 
 The desire of more and more rises by a natural 
 gradationio most, and after that to all. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. Regular advance step by step. 
 
 From thence, 
 By cold gradation, and well balanc'd form. 
 We shall proceed with Angelo. Shakesp. 
 
 The psalmist very elegantly expresseth to us 
 tlie several gradatio)is by which men at last come 
 to this horrid degree of impiety. 2'illotson. 
 
 3. Order ; sequence ; series. 
 
 'lis tlie curse of service: 
 Preferment goes by letter and atfection, 
 Not, as of old, gradation, where each second 
 Stood heir to th' first. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 4. Regular process of argument. 
 
 Certain it is, l)y a direct gradation of conse- 
 quences from this principle of merit, that tlie ob- 
 ligation to gratitude tlnws from, and is enjftined 
 by, the first dictates of nature. 'South. 
 
 Grada'tory. 71. s. [gradus, Lat.] Steps 
 from the cloisters into the church. 
 
 Ainsrvorth. 
 
 Gra'dient. fl:^*. [gradienSy'LixX.'] Walk- 
 ing ; moving by steps. 
 
 Amongst those gradient automata, that iron 
 spider is especially remarkable, whicli, beiii" but 
 of an ordinary bigness, did creep up and down 
 as if it had been alive. M'ilktns. 
 
 GRADUAL, edj. [gradueh Fr.] Pro- 
 ceeding by degrees ; advancing step by 
 step ; from one stage to another 
 
 Nobler birth 
 Of creatures animate with gradual life, 
 Of growth, sense, reason, all summ'd up in man. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Men still suppose a. gradual u^tnval progress of 
 
 things ; as that, from great things and persons 
 
 should grow greater, 'till at length, by many steps 
 
 and ascents they come to be at greatest. South. 
 
 Gra'dual, 71. s. [gj-adus, Lat.] An or- 
 der of steps. 
 
 Before thegradual prostrate they ador'd, 
 The pavement kiss'd, and thus the saint implor'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Gra'duality. 71. s. [from. gradual.] 
 Regular progression. 
 
 This some ascribe unto the mixture of the ele- 
 ments, others to the graduality of opacity and 
 light. BroiLn. 
 
 Gra'dually. adv. [from gradual.] 
 1. By degrees ; in regular progression. 
 
 When the moon passes over the fixed stars, 
 and eclipses them, your light vanishes ; not _^a- 
 dually, like that of the planets, but all at nnce. 
 
 Kenton. 
 
 The author of our bein^- weans us gradually 
 
 G R A 
 
 from our fonaness of life the nearer we approach 
 towards the end of it. Swift. 
 
 Human creatures are able to bear air of much 
 
 greater density in diving, and of much less upon 
 
 the tops of moun^ains, provided the changes be 
 
 made gradually. Arbuthnat. 
 
 2. Ill degree. 
 
 Human reason doth not only gradually, but 
 specifically diifer from the fantastick reason of 
 brutes. Grew. 
 
 To GRADUATE, v. a. [graduer, Fr. 
 gradits, Lat.] 
 
 1. To dignify with a degree in the uni- 
 versity. 
 
 John Tregonwel , graduated a doctor and dub- 
 bed a knight, did good service. 
 
 Carew's Survey of Comw. 
 
 Concerning columns and their adjuncts, archi- 
 tects make such a noise, as if the terms of archi- 
 traves, frizes, and cornices, were enough to gra- 
 duate a master of this art. Wotttm. 
 
 2. To mark with degrees. 
 
 The places were marked where the spirits stood 
 at the severest cold and greatest heat, and accord- 
 ing to these observations he graduates his thermo- 
 meters. Derham. 
 
 3. To raise to a higher place in the scale 
 of metals : a chemical term. 
 
 The tincture was capable to transmute or gra- 
 duate as) much silver as equalled in weight that 
 gold. BoyU. 
 
 4. To lieighten ; to improve. 
 
 Not only vitriol is a cause of blackness, but the 
 salts of natural bodies ; and dyers advance and 
 graduate their colours with salts. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 Gra'duate. n. s. [gradite, Fr. from 
 gradits, Lat.] A man dignified with 
 an academical degree. 
 
 Of graduates I dislike the learned rout 
 And chuse a female doctor for the gout. 
 
 Bramston. 
 Gradua'tion. n. s. [graduation, Fr. 
 from graduate.] 
 
 1 . Regular progression by succession of 
 degrees. 
 
 The graduation of the parts of the universe is 
 likewise necessary to the perfection of the whole. 
 
 Grew. 
 
 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. 
 
 Of greater repugnancy unto reason is that which 
 he delivers concerning its graduation, that heated 
 in fire, and often extinguished in oyl of mars nr 
 iron, the loadstone acquires an ability to extract 
 a nail fastened in a wall. Broum, 
 
 3. The act of conferring academical de- 
 grees. 
 
 Graff, n. s. A ditch ; a moat. See 
 Grave. 
 
 Thouah the fortifications were not regular, yet 
 the walls were good, and the graff broad and 
 deep. Clarendon. 
 
 Graff, iw. s. [greffe, Fr.] A small 
 
 Graft. J branch inserted into the 
 
 stock of another tree, and nourished 
 
 by its sap, but bearing its own fruit; 
 
 a j'oung cyon. 
 
 God gave unto man all kinds of seeds and graft 
 of life ; as the vegetative life of plants, the sen- 
 sual of beasts, the rational of man, and the in- 
 tellectual of angels. Raleit^h. 
 
 It is likely, that as in fruit-trees the graft 
 maketh a greater fruit, so in trees that bear no 
 fruit it wilj make the greater leaves. Bacon. 
 
 'Tis usual now an inmate graff to see 
 With insolence invade a foreign tree. Dryd. Virg. 
 
 If you cover the top with clay and horse-dung 
 in the same manner as you do & graft, it will help 
 to heal the sooner. Mart. 
 
 Now the cleft rind inserted graffs receives. 
 Anil yields an offspruig more than nature gives. 
 
 Popi. 
 
 852
 
 G R A 
 
 Ta GRAFF. 7 r ^.,^,. pr.l 
 
 To G RAFT, r'^' \.^M^'^>''^ 1 
 
 1 , To insert a cyon or branch of one tree 
 into the stock of another. 
 
 His growth is but n \^ilJ .iiui fruitU ss pl;int ; 
 I'll cot his barren brandies to tlie stock, 
 And ^raft you on to bear. Drydcni Don Sebast. 
 
 Withhis pruning lic.ok disjoin 
 Unbearine brandies from their head. 
 And ^'ra/t more happy in their siead. Dryden. 
 
 2, To propagate by insertion or inocula- 
 tion. 
 
 Now let me grajf my pears, and prune tlic vine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3, To insert into a place or body to which 
 it did not ori^nally belong. 
 
 And thev also, if they hide not still in unbeHef, 
 shall be grajjed in ; for God is able lo graf them 
 in again. RomaJis. 
 
 These are th' ItaHan names wliich fate will join 
 \Vith ours, and irra/fupon the Trojan line. Dryd. 
 
 4, To impregnate with an adscititious 
 branch. 
 
 We've some old craL-trccs here at home, that 
 will not 
 Begrafted to your relish. SJiakesp. Corwlanus. 
 
 The noble isle doth want her proper limbs ; 
 Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shah. 
 
 5, To join one thing so as to receive sup- 
 port from another. 
 
 This resolution against any peace with Spain is 
 a new incident i^rafted upon the orighiai quarrel, 
 by the intrigues of "a faction amon^ us. Swift. 
 
 May one "kind grave unite each hapless name, 
 And graft my love immortal on thy fame. }*ope. 
 
 To Graff, v. n. To practise insition. 
 
 In March is good ^ra^'n^ the skilful do know, 
 So long as the wind in the East do not blow : 
 From moon being changed, 'till past be the prime. 
 For ^a^»g^ ana cropping is very good time. Tiisjcr. 
 
 To have fruit in greater plenty the way is to 
 eraft, not onlv upon youn" stncks, but upon divers 
 Douqhs of an old tree; for tliey will bear great 
 nura^jers of fruit ; whereas if you graf^ but upon 
 one stock, the tree can bear but few. Bacon. 
 
 Gra'fter. 71. s. [from g^raff or graft.] 
 One who propagates fruit by grafting. 
 
 I am informed, by the trials of the most skiifu! 
 grqfters of these paris, that a man shall seldom fail 
 of havinc; cherries borne by his graft tlie same year 
 in which the insition is made. Eitlun. 
 
 Grail, n. s. [from grik, Fr.] Small par- 
 ticles of any kind. 
 
 Hereof this gentle knight unweetinp was, 
 And, lying down upon the sandy grails. 
 Drank of the stream as clear as crystal glass. 5/jen5. 
 
 GRAIN. n,s. [graine, Fr. gt^anumy Lat. 
 granOf Ital. has all the followin"* signi- 
 fications.] 
 
 1 . A single seed of corn. 
 
 Look into the seeds of time, 
 And say which grain will grow, and which will 
 not. Shakesp. 
 
 His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid m 
 two bushels of chatf. Siiakesp.Merch. nf'Venice. 
 Let them pronounce the steep Tarpcian death. 
 Vagabond exile, flaying, pent to liii;;er 
 But with a grain a day, I would not buy 
 Their mercy at the price of one fair word. Shak. 
 Many of the ears, being six inches long, had 
 sixty grains in them, and none less than forty. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. Corn. 
 
 As it ebbs, the seedsman 
 L^pon the slime and ooze scatters his grain. 
 And Bliortly comes to harvest. Shakesp. 
 
 Pales no longer swell'd the teeming grain. 
 
 Nor Phoebus fed his oxen on the pl.na. Druden. 
 
 'Tjs a rich soil, 1 grant you j but oftner covered 
 
 witli weeds th^n grain. CoUier on Fame. 
 
 .?. The seed of any fruit. 
 
 4, Any minute particle ; any single body. 
 
 Vol, I. 
 
 G 11 A 
 
 Tliou exist'st on nmiiy thousand grains 
 That issue out of dust. Shah. Mniufor Meat. 
 
 Bv inttlligcnce 
 And proofs as clear as founts in July, when 
 Wc sec cacli «ram of gravel. Hhak. Henry VIII. 
 
 5. The smallest weight, of which in phy- 
 sick twenty make a scruple, and in Troy 
 weight twenty-four make a penny- 
 weight ; a grain so named because it is 
 supposed of equal weight with a grain 
 
 of corn. 
 
 Unity is a precious diamond, wliosc grains as 
 they double, twice double in their value.KnWnv 
 
 They bc^anataknown body.a barleycorn, the 
 weight tbircof is therefore called a grain ; « hicli 
 ariselh, being multiplied, to scruples, drachms, 
 ounces, and pounds. lioliier. 
 
 The trial being made betwixt load and lead, 
 weighing severally seven drachms, in the air ; the 
 halance Ml the wa'ter weighing only four dniclnns 
 and forty-one grains, and abatelh of the weight in 
 the air two drachms and nineteen graitis : tlie ba- 
 lance kept the same depth in the water. Bacon. 
 
 His brain 
 Outweigh'd his rage but half a ^rain. Hadibras. 
 
 6. Any thing proverbially small. 
 
 For the whole world before thee is as a little 
 grain of the balance. Wiid. xi. 22. 
 
 It is a sincerely pliable ductile temper, that ne- 
 glects not to make use of any grain of grace. Ham. 
 
 The ungrateful person lives to himself, ajid sub- 
 sists by the good nature of otliers, of which be 
 himself has not the least »Tain. &mr/i. 
 
 7. Grain of allowance. .Something in- 
 dulged or remitted; something above 
 or under the exact weight. 
 
 He, wh .se very best actions must be seen with 
 grains if allowance, cannot be too luild, moderate, 
 and forgiving. Addism. 
 
 I would always give some grains of allowance to 
 the sacred science of theology. Il'uttson the Mind. 
 
 8. The direction of the fibres of wood, or 
 other fibrous matter. 
 
 Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, 
 Infect the sound pine, and divert his ip-ain 
 Tortive and errant from his course of growth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 9. The body of the wood as modified by 
 the fibres. 
 
 The beech, the swimming alder, and the plane, 
 Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden. 
 
 1 0. The body considered with respect to 
 the foriTi or direction of the constituent 
 particles. 
 
 The tooth of a sea-horse, in the midst of the 
 solider parts, contains a curdled grain not to be 
 found in ivory. Brown. 
 
 Stones of a'constilution so compact, and a grain 
 so tine, that they bear a fine polish. Woodward, 
 
 1 1. Died or stained substance. 
 
 How the red roses flush up in her cheeks, 
 And the pure snow with goodly verrail stain. 
 Like crimson dy'd in grain. Spenser. 
 
 Ovcrhis lucid arras 
 A militarv vest of purple flow'd. 
 Livelier than MelibEan, or the grain 
 Of Sarra, worn by kings and heroes old. Milton, 
 
 Come, pensive luni, devout and pure. 
 All in a robe of darkest grain. 
 Flowing with majestick train. Milton. 
 
 The third, his feet 
 Shadow'd from either heel with featber'd mail, 
 Sky-tinctur'd grain ! Milton's Par. Ixist. 
 
 12. Temper ; disposition ; inclination; hu- 
 mour from the direction of fibres. 
 
 Your minds, preoccupied uilh what 
 You rather must do than w ith what you should do, 
 Made you against the grain to voice him consul. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Quoth Hudibras, it is in vain, 
 I see, to argue 'gainst the grain. Hudibras. 
 
 Old clients, weary 'd out with fruitless care. 
 Dismiss their hopes of eating, and despair; 
 
 G R A 
 
 Though much against the groin, forc'd to retire, 
 liuy roots for supper, and provide a fire. Dryden. 
 
 13. The heart; the bottom. 
 
 The one being tractable and mild, the other stiff 
 and impatient of a superior, thev lived but in cun- 
 ning concord, as brothers glued togetlitr, hut not 
 united in "rain. Hayuard. 
 
 14. The form of the surface with regard 
 to roughness and smoothness. 
 
 The smaller the particles of cutting substances 
 are, the smaller will be tlic scratches by which 
 they continually fret and wear a»ay the glass un- 
 til it be polishetf ; but be they never so small, they 
 can wear away the class no otherwise ihaii by- 
 grating and scratching it, and breaking the J>ro- 
 tuberances ; and tlierefore polish it no otherwise 
 than by breaking its roughness to a very line 
 grain, so that the scratches and frcttings of thr 
 surface become too small to be visible. \ewt. Opt. 
 
 Grained, adj. [from grain.] Rough; 
 made less smooth. 
 
 Thouiih now this stained face of mine be hid 
 In sap consuming \\'inter*s driizlcd snow. 
 Yet liath my night of life some memory. Shakesp. 
 
 Grains, n.s. [without a singular.] The 
 husks of malt exhausted in brewing. 
 
 Give them grains their fdl. 
 Husks, drafl", to drink and swill. BenJ*mson. 
 
 Grains of Paradise, n. s. [cardamomum, 
 
 Lat] An Indian spice. 
 Gr.\'iny. adj. [from o-rfli'n.] 
 
 1. Full of com. 
 
 2. Full of grains or kernels. 
 Grame'rcy. interj. [contracted from 
 
 grant me mcrci/.] An obsolete expres- 
 sion of suiprise. 
 
 Gramercy, sir, said he ; but mote I weet 
 What strange adventure do ye now pursue 'Spent. 
 Gramercy, lovely Lucius, what's the news .' 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Grami'neous. at//, l^gramineus, Lat.] 
 
 Grassy. Gramincus plants are such as 
 
 have a long leaf without a footstalk. 
 
 Graminivorous, adj. [p-amen and 
 
 roro, Lat.] Grass-eating ; living upon 
 
 grass. 
 
 The ancients were versed chiefly in tlie dissec- 
 tion of brutes, among which the graminitorous kind 
 have a party-coloured clioroides. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 GRAMM.4U.«.s. [grammaire, i'T.gram- 
 
 mafica, Lat. y^ccpLixuixr,.] 
 1. The science of speaking correctly ; the 
 art which teaches the relations of words 
 to each other. 
 
 To be accurate in the grammar and idioms of 
 
 the tongues, and then as a rlieloriciau to make all 
 
 their graces serve his eloquence. FeU. 
 
 We make a countryman dumb, whom wc will 
 
 not allow to speak but by the rules of grammor. 
 
 Dryden's Dujresnoy. 
 j\len speaking language, according to thegrum. 
 mar rules of that l:ufguage, do yet speak impro- 
 perly of things. Uxke. 
 
 'Z. Propriety or justness of speech ; speech 
 according to grammar. 
 
 Variiim et mtdahiU semper 1'emina,'\^ the sharpest 
 satire that ever was raaoe on woman ; for the ad- 
 jectives are neuter, and anima/ must be understood 
 to make them grammar. Drydem. 
 
 3. Tlie book that treats of tlie various re- 
 lations of worvis to one another. 
 
 Gr.\'m^i.\R School, n.s. A school in 
 which the learned languages are gram- 
 maticalh' taught. 
 
 Thou hast most traitorously corrupted theyouW 
 of the realm in erectuia a grammar school. SJiakesp. 
 
 The ordinary way oT learning l.atia in a gram' 
 mar school I cannot encourage. I/xUe. 
 
 50 
 
 83S
 
 G R A 
 
 Gramma'rian. n.s. [grammairien,Vi\ 
 from grammar.] One who teaches gram- 
 mar ; a philologer. 
 
 Many disputes the ambiguous nature of letters 
 hath created among the grammariaru. Holder. 
 
 They who have called him the torture oi gram- 
 viarians, might also have called him the plague of 
 translatdrs. Dryden. 
 
 Gramma'tical. adj. [grammatica/^Fi; 
 grammaticiiSj Lat.] 
 
 1, Belonging to grammar. 
 
 The beauty of virtue still being set before their 
 eyes, and that tauclit them with far more diligent 
 care than grammatical rules. Sidney. 
 
 I shall talte the number of consonants, not from 
 the grammatical alpliabets of any language, but 
 from the diversity of sounds framed by single ar- 
 ticulations with appulse. Holder. 
 
 2. Taught by grammar. 
 
 They seldom know more than the grammatical 
 construction, unless born with a poetical genius. 
 Drijdens Dufresyioy. 
 
 Gramma'tically. adv. [i'rom gramma- 
 tical.] Accordmg to the rules or science 
 of grammar. 
 
 When a sentence is distinguished into the nouns, 
 the verbs, jjronouns, adverbs, and other particles 
 of speech which compose it, then it is said to be 
 analysed grammaticallij. Watts. 
 
 As grammar teacheth us to speak properly, so 
 it is the part of rheiorick to instruct how to do it 
 elegantly, by adding beauty to tliat language that 
 before was naked and grammatically true. Baker. 
 
 GRAMMATICA'STER. n.s. [Lat.] A 
 mean verbal pedant ; a low grammarian. 
 
 1 have not vexed language with the doubts, the 
 remarks, and eternal triflings of the French p?-am- 
 maticasters. Bymer. 
 
 Gra'mple. n.s. A crab-fish. Ainsw. 
 Gra'mpus. n.s. A large fish of the ceta- 
 
 ceous kind. 
 Gra'naky. n.s. [granarium, Lat.] A 
 storehouse for threshed corn. 
 
 Ants, by their labour and industty, contrive 
 that corn will keep as dry in their nests as in our 
 granaries. Addmn. 
 
 The naked nations cloath , 
 And be th' exhaustiess granary of a world. 
 
 Thomson's Spring. 
 
 Gra'nate. n.s. [from granum, Lat.] A 
 kind of marble so called, because it is 
 marked with small variegations like 
 grains. Otherwise Granite. 
 
 GRAND, adj. [grand, Fr. grandis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Great; illustrious; high in power or 
 dignity. 
 
 God hath planted, that is, made to grow the 
 trees of life and knowledge, plants only proper 
 and becomingthe paradise and garden ofso^ra7(rf 
 a Lord. Raleigh's History. 
 
 2. Great; splendid; magnificent 
 
 A voice has flown 
 To re-enflame a grand design. Young. 
 
 3. Principal ; chief. 
 
 What cause 
 RIov'd our^and parents in that happy state, 
 Favour'd of heav'n so highly, to fall otF 
 FroTn their Creator, Mi/ton. 
 
 4. Eminent; superiour: very frequently 
 in an ill sense. 
 
 Our ^and foe, Satan. Milton. 
 
 So clotnb this first grand thief into God's fold. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 5. Noble; sublime; lofty; conceived or 
 expressed with great dignity. 
 
 6. It is used to signify ascent or descent 
 of consanguinity. 
 
 Gra'ndam. n. s, [grand and dam or 
 dame,'] 
 
 G R A 
 
 1 . Grandmother ; my father's or mother's 
 mother. 
 
 I meeting him, will tell him that my lady 
 Was fairer than his grandam, and as chaste 
 As may be in the world. Shakesp. 
 
 We have our forefathers and gTea.t grandumes dW 
 before us as they were in Chaucer's days. Dryden. 
 
 Thy tigress heart belies thy angel face : 
 Too well thou shew'st thy pedigree from stone ; 
 Thy grandame's was the first by Pyrrha thrown. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. An old withered woman. 
 
 The women 
 Cry 'd, one and all, the suppliant should have right, 
 And to the grandame hag adjudg'd the knight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gra'ndchild. n.s. [gi-and and child.] 
 The son or daughter of my son or daugh- 
 ter; one in the second degree of descent. 
 
 Augustus Caesar, out of indignation against his 
 daughters and Agrippa his grandchild, would say 
 that they were not his seed, but iraposthumes 
 broken from him. Bacon. 
 
 These hymns may work on future wits, and so 
 May great grandchildren of thy praises grow. 
 
 Do7nie. 
 
 He hoped his majesty did believe that he would 
 never make the least scruple to obey the grand- 
 child of King James. Clarendon. 
 
 Fair daughter, and thou son and grandchild 
 ^both! _ _ ^ Milton. 
 
 He 'scaping, with his gods and reliques fled, 
 Andtow'rds the shore his little ^-anrfc/fiW led. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Gra'ndaughter. n.s. [grand and 
 daughter.] The daughter of a son or 
 daughter. 
 
 Grande'e.w.s. [grand, Fr, grandis^h^t.] 
 A man of great rank, .power, or dignity. 
 They had some sharper and some milder differ- 
 ences, which might easily happen in such an in- 
 terview of grandees y both vehement on llie parts 
 which they swayed. Wotton. 
 
 When a prince or grandee manifests a liking to 
 such a thing, men generally set about to make 
 themselves considerable for such things. South. 
 Some parts of the Spanish monarchy are rather 
 for ornament than strength : they furnish out vice- 
 royalties for the grandees, and posts of honour for 
 the noble families. Addison. 
 
 Grande'vity. w. s* [from grando'viiSj 
 Lat.] Great age ; length of life. Diet. 
 
 Grande'vous. adj. [grandcevus, Lat.] 
 Long lived ; of great age. Diet, 
 
 Gra'ndeur. n. s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. State; splendour of appearance; mag- 
 nificence. 
 
 As a magistrate or great officer, he locks him- 
 self from all approaches by the multiplied forma- 
 lities of attenaauce, by the distance of ceremony 
 and grandeur. Soutn. 
 
 2. Elevation of sentiment, language or 
 mien. 
 
 Gra'ndfather. 71. s. [grandandfa- 
 tker.] The father of my father or mo- 
 ther; the next above my father or mo- 
 ther in the scale of ascent. 
 
 One was saying that his "reat grandfather and 
 grandfather, and father, died at sea : said another 
 tliat heard him, an' I were as you, I would never 
 come at sea. Why, saith he, where did your great 
 grandfather, and grandfather, and father die ? He 
 answered, where but in their beds ? He answered, 
 an' I were as you, I would never come in bed. Bac. 
 
 Our grandchildren will see a few rags hung up 
 in Westminster-hall, which cost an hundred mil- 
 lions, wliereof they are paying the arrears, and 
 boast that their grandfathers were rich and great. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Grandi'fick. flrf;'. [grandis andfacioj 
 Lat.] Making great. Diet. 
 
 G II A 
 
 Gra'ndinous. adj. [grandoyLat.] Full 
 
 of hail ; consisting of hail. Diet. 
 
 Gra'ndity. n.s. [from grandis, Lat.] 
 
 Greatness ; grandeur ; magnificence. 
 
 An old word. 
 
 Our poets excel in grandity and gravity, smooth- 
 ness and property, in quickness and briefness. 
 
 Camdgn. 
 
 Gra'ndmother. n. s. [grand and mo- 
 ther.] The father's or mother's mother. 
 
 Thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice. 
 
 2 Tim. i. 5. 
 
 Gra'ndsire. n.s. [gi-and and sire.] 
 
 1. Grandfather. 
 
 Think'st thou, that I will leave my| kingly 
 Ihronc, 
 Wherein ray grandsire and my father sat ?Shakesp. 
 
 Thy grandsire, and his brother, to whom fame 
 Gave, Irom two conquer'd parts o' th' world, their 
 name. Denham. 
 
 The wreatiis, his grandsire knew to reap 
 By active toil and military sweat. Prior, 
 
 2. Any ancestor; poetically. 
 
 Why should a man whose blood is warm within, 
 Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster? Shak. 
 
 Above the portal, carv'd in cedar wood, 
 Plac'd in their ranks, their godlike grandsires 
 stood. Dryien. 
 
 So mimick ancient wits at best, 
 As apes our gramfcires in theirdoublet drest.Pope. 
 
 Grandson, n.s. [grand and son.] The 
 son of a son or daughter. 
 
 Almighty Jove augment your wealthy store. 
 Give much to you, and lo his grandsons more, 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Grandfathers in private families are not much 
 observed to have great influence on their grand- 
 soTis, and, 1 believe, they have much less among 
 princes. Swift. 
 
 Grange, n.s. [grange, ¥r.] A farm; 
 generally a farm with a house at a dis- 
 tance from neighbours. 
 
 One, when he had got the inheritance of an un* 
 lucky old grange, would needs sell it ; and, to 
 draws buyers, proclaimed tlie virtues of it: no- 
 thing ever thrived on it, saith he ; the trees were 
 all blasted, the swine died of the measles, the cat- 
 tle of the murrain, and the sheep of the rot; no- 
 thing was ever reared there, not a duckling nor a 
 goose. Ben Jonson. 
 
 At the moated grange resides this dejected Ma- 
 riana. Shakesp. 
 
 The loose unletter'd hinds, 
 A^Tien for their teeming flocks and granges full 
 In wanton dance they prais*^ the bounteous Pan. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 If the church was of their own foundation, they 
 might chuse, the incumbent being once dead, 
 whether tliey would put any other therein ; un- 
 less, perhaps, the said church had people belong- 
 ing to it ; for then they must still maintain a cu- 
 rate ; and of this sort were their granges and prio- 
 ries. Ayliffe. 
 
 Gra'nite. n. s. [granit, Fr. from gro^ 
 num, Lat. because consisting as it wereof 
 grains, or small distinct particles.] A 
 stone composed of separate and very 
 large concretions, rudely compacted to- 
 gether ; of great hardness, giving fire 
 with steel ; not fermenting with acids, 
 and imperfectly calcinable in a great 
 fire. The hard white granite with black 
 spots, commonly called moor-stone, 
 forms a very firm, and though rude, yet 
 beautifully variegated mass. It is found 
 in immense strata in Ireland, but not 
 used there. In Cornwall it is found in 
 prodigious masses, and brought to Lon- 
 don, for the steps of publick buildings. 
 Hard red granite, variegated widi black 
 
 834
 
 G R A 
 
 and white, now called oriental granite, is 
 valuable for its extreme hardness and 
 beauty, and capable of a most elegant 
 polish. Hill on Fossils. 
 
 Alabaster, marble of (livers colours, liolli siiu 
 pie and mixed, the opulites, porphyry, and the 
 granite. Woodward. 
 
 There are still great piUnrs of ^nnite, nnd other 
 fragments of this ancient temple. Addison oit Italij. 
 
 Grani'vorous. adj. [ granum and voro, 
 Lat.] Eating grain ; living upon grain. 
 
 Granivoroits birds, as a crane, upon the first peck 
 of their bills, can distinguish the qualities of nard 
 bodies, whicii tlie sense of men discerns not with- 
 out mastication. Brown. 
 
 Panick alfords a soft demulcent nourishment, 
 both {oT graJtivorOHS birds and mankind. Arbuthn. 
 
 Gra'nnam. U.S. [for grandam.] Grand- 
 mother. Only used in burlesque works. 
 
 Oft ray kind grajitiam told me, Tim, take warn- 
 ing. Gau. 
 To GRANT. V. a. [from garantir, Fr. 
 Junius and Skinner; perhaps, as Min- 
 shew thinks, from gratuito, or rather 
 from gratia or gratijicor.'\ 
 
 1 . To admit that which is not yet proved ; 
 to allow ; to yield ; to concede. 
 
 The}' gather out of Scripture general rules to 
 be followed in making laws ; and so, in effect, 
 they plainly grant, that we ourselves ma^' lawful- 
 ly make laws for the church. Hooker. 
 
 I take it for granted, that though the Greek 
 word wliich we translate saints, be in itself as ap- 
 plicable to things as persons ; yet in this article it 
 signifieth not holy things, but holy ones. Pearson. 
 
 Grant that the fates have firm'd, by their decree, 
 The Trojan race to reign in Italy. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 Suppose, which yet I ^ant not, thy desire 
 A moment elder than my rival fire, 
 Can chance of seeing fir'st thy title prove? Drijd. 
 
 If he be one inditierent as to the present rebel- 
 lion, they may take it for granted his complaint is 
 the rage of a disappuintedman. Addisim s Freeh. 
 
 2. To bestow something which cannot be 
 claimed of right. 
 
 The God of Israel grant thee thy petition that 
 thou hast asked of hira. 1 Sam. xviii. 
 
 Then hath God also to the gentiles granted re- 
 pentance unto life. ^ Acts, xiii. 18. 
 
 Didst thou not kill this king ? 
 —I grant ye. 
 
 —Do'st grant me, hedgehog ? then ^raut me too, 
 Thou raay'st be damned for that wicked deed. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He heard, and granted half his prayer ; 
 The rest the winds dispers'd. Piype. 
 
 Grant. «. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of granting or bestowing. 
 
 2. The thing granted ; a gift ; a boon. 
 
 Courtiers justle for a grant, 
 And when they break their friendsliip plead their 
 want. _ _ Drriden. 
 
 3. [In law.] A gift in writing of such a 
 thing as cannot aptly be passed or con- 
 veyed by word only ; as rent, reversions, 
 services, advowsons in gross, common in 
 gross, tithes, &c. or made by stich per- 
 sons as cannot give but by deed, as the 
 king, and all bodies politick ; which dif- 
 ferences be often in speech neglected, 
 and then is taken generally for every 
 gift whatsoever, made of an}- thing by 
 any person ; and he that granteth it is 
 named the grantor, and he to whom it 
 is made the grantee. A thing is said to 
 be in grant which cannot be assigned 
 without deed. Cowel. 
 
 All the land is the queen's, unless there be some 
 grant of any part thereof, to be shewed from her 
 majesty. Spemer. I 
 
 G R A 
 
 Not only the laws of tins kingdom, but of otlier 
 places, ami the Roman Jaws, provide that the 
 prince should not be deceived iu his grants. Dav. 
 
 4. Concession ; admission of something 
 in dispute. 
 
 But of this so large a grant, we are content not 
 to take advantage. Hooker. 
 
 This jp-ant destroys all jo» have urg'd before. 
 
 Uryden. 
 
 Gra'ntadle. adj. [from grant,] I'hat 
 which may be granted. 
 
 The office of the bishop's chancellor was grant- 
 able for life. \ Aunffe. 
 
 Grante'e. n.s. [from gi^ant.] He to 
 whom any ofrant is made. 
 
 To smooth the way for popery in Mary's time, 
 the grantees were confirmed by tlie pope in the 
 possession of the abbey-lands. Stdjt. 
 
 Grantor, n. s. [from grant,] He by 
 whom a grant is made. 
 
 A ditptex querela shall not be granted uniler pain 
 of suspension of the grantor from the execution of 
 his office. AulijJ'e. 
 
 Gra'nulary, adj. [from granule.] Small 
 and compact ; resembh'ng a small grain 
 or seed. 
 
 Small-coal, with sulphur and nitre, proportion- 
 ably mixed, tempered, and formed into granular^ 
 boflics, do make up that powder which is used for 
 guns. Browns ^'nlg- Err. 
 
 To GRA'NUL.ATE. v.n. [granukr,Fr. 
 fromgraiiuin, Lat.] To be formed into 
 small grains. 
 
 The juice of grapes, inspissated by heat, granu- 
 lates into sugar. ^/'^a((. 
 
 To Gr.Vnulate. v. a. 
 
 1 . To break into small masses or granules. 
 
 2. To raise into sihall asperities. 
 
 1 have observed, in many birds, the gullet, be- 
 fore its entrance into the jjizzard, to be much di- 
 lated, and thick set, or as it were granulated with 
 a multitude of glandules, each whereof was pro- 
 vided with its excretory vessel. Ray. 
 
 Granula'tion. n.s. [granulation, Fi. 
 from granulate.] 
 
 1. The act of pouring melted metal into 
 cold water, so as it may granulate or 
 congeal into small grains : it is general- 
 ly done through a colander, or a birchen 
 broom. Gunpowder and some salts are 
 likewise said to be granulated, from 
 their resemblance to grain or seed. 
 
 Quinct/. 
 
 2. The act of shooting or breaking in small 
 masses. 
 
 Tents in wounds, by resisting the growth of the 
 
 little granulations of the flesli, in process of time 
 
 harden them, and in that manner produce a fistula 
 
 Sharp's Siirgerij. 
 
 GRA'NULE. 71. s. [from gran «m, Lat.] 
 A small compact particle. 
 
 With an excellent microscope, where the naked 
 
 eye did see but a green powder, the assisted eye 
 
 could discern particular ^'rann/es, some blue, and 
 
 some yellow. Boule on Colours. 
 
 Gra'nulous. adj. [from granule.] Full 
 
 of little grains. 
 GRAPE, n.s. [gi-appe,Fr.krappe,Dnt.] 
 The fruit of the vine, growing in clus- 
 ters ; the fruit from which wine is ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 And thou shalt not glean thy viney.ard, neither 
 shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard ; 
 thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger. 
 
 Lei', xix. 10. 
 Anacr eon, for thy sake 
 I of the grape no mention make ; 
 Kre my Anacreon by thee fell. 
 Cursed plant, I lov'd thee well. Cowley. 
 
 G R A 
 
 Here ate the vines in early flow'r descrj'd. 
 Here grapes disolour'd un llie sunny side. Pope. 
 
 Grape Hyacinth, or Grape Flower. 
 
 n. s. .\ flower. 
 Gra'pestone. n.s. [grape and stone.] 
 
 The itone or seed contained in the grape. 
 
 When obedient nature knows his will, 
 .\ fly, a grupestone, or a hair can kill. Prwr. 
 
 GR.VPHICAL. adj. [y^a^.^.] Well deli- 
 neated. 
 
 W^rite witli a needle, or bodkin, or knife, or llie 
 like, when the fruitur trees are young ; for as lliry 
 grow, 50 the letters will grow more large and gra- 
 phical. Bacon's Sat. H. 
 
 Gra'phically. adv. [from graphical.] 
 In a picturesque manner ; with good de- 
 scription or delineation. 
 
 The hyena odorata, or civet-cat, is delivered 
 and graphically described by Cistellus. Brawn. 
 
 Gra'pnel. n.s. [grapin.Fr.] 
 
 1. A small anchor belonging to a little 
 vessel. 
 
 2. A grappling iron with which in fight 
 one ship fastens on another. 
 
 To GRAPPLE, v.n. [grabbelen. Out. 
 krappeln, Germ.] 
 
 1. To contend by seizing each other, as 
 wrestlers. 
 
 They must be also practised in all the locks and 
 gripes of wrestling, as need may often be in fight 
 to tugg, or grapple, and to close. MUton, 
 
 Living virtue, allatchievements past. 
 Meets envy, still to grapple with at last. WalUr. 
 
 Does he think that be can grapple with divine 
 vengeance, and endure the everlasting burnings ? 
 
 South. 
 
 Ant^us here and stern Alcides strive. 
 And both the^Tup;j/iii^ statues seem to live.ilddij. 
 
 2. To contest in close fight. 
 
 I'll in my standard bear the arms of York, 
 Tograp/j/ewith the house of Lancaster. Shakesp. 
 Sometimes, from fighting squadrons of each 
 fleet. 
 Two grappling ^tnas on the ocean meet. 
 And English fires with Belgian flames contend. 
 
 Drydeti. 
 
 To Grapple, r. a. 
 
 1 . To fasten ; to fix ; to join indissolubly. 
 Now obsolete. 
 
 Grapple your minds to steniage of the navy. 
 And leave your England as dead midnight stflLSA. 
 
 That business 
 Grapjiles you to the heart and love of u». Shak. 
 
 2. To seize ; to lay fast hold of. 
 
 For llippagines, vessels for the transporting of 
 horse, we are indebted lo the Saliininians ; for 
 grappling hooks to Anacharsis. Heylyn. 
 
 Gra'pple. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Contest hand to hand, in which the 
 combatants seize each otiier ; the wrest- 
 ler's hold. 
 
 As when earth's son, Antaeus strove 
 With Jove's Alcides, and, oft fuil'd, still rose 
 Fresh from his fall, and fiercer ^rappfejoin'd. 
 Throttled at length in th' air, expir d, and fell, ilitt. 
 
 Or did his genius 
 Knowmine thestronger demon, fear'd ihc grapple. 
 And, looking round him, found this nook of fate. 
 To skulk behind ray sword. Urvden's Don Sebast. 
 
 2. Close fight. 
 
 In the grapple I boarded them ; on the instant 
 they got clear of our ship, so 1 alone became their 
 prisoner. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 3. Iron instrument by which one ship fas- 
 tens on anotiier. 
 
 But Cvmon soon his crooked ^dp;>/« cast. 
 Which w'ith tenacious hold his foes enibr.ic'd. Dr 
 
 Gr.\'pplement. n.s. [from grapple.] 
 Close fight ; hostile embrace. Not in use. 
 
 835
 
 G R A 
 
 Tliey catcliiiig hold of him, as down he lent, 
 Hini backward overthrew, and down him staj'd 
 With llieir rude liands and griesl.v gra;i/)/cmc7j(..9fie. 
 
 Gra'shi^pper. II. s. [grass and Imp ] A 
 small insect that hops in the summer. 
 Tlie cicddn of the Latins is often by the 
 poets translated grashopper, but impro- 
 perly 
 
 Herwas^oii spokes made of Ions: spinners iegs, 
 I'he covet^of the wings of ^ra5'((»;j;jer5. Shuk. 
 
 Grashoppcrs eat up tlie green of the whole coun- 
 tries. Bacon. 
 
 There silver lakes with verdant shadows 
 crown'd, 
 Disperse a grateful chillness all around ; 
 TUe grashopjjer hvo'kIs ih' untainted air, 
 Nor in t^e midst of summer ventures there. Addis. 
 
 The women were of such an enormous stature, 
 lliatwe appeared as gi~ashnppei-s before them. 
 
 Addison's Sped. 
 
 riKA'siER. See Grazier. 
 TbGRVSP. v.a. [ grnspuir, ItaX.] 
 1. To hold in the hand; to gripe. 
 
 O foul that I am, that thought I could g^rai:;) 
 water, and hind the wind. Sidney. 
 
 In iris riiilil hand 
 Graspin" ten tliousmid thunders, which he sent 
 Before iiini, such as in their souls infix'd 
 
 Plagues. 
 
 Mihnn's Far. Lost. 
 
 kinirs, by grasping more than tliey can hold 
 First made their suhjects, by oppres'sion, bold. 
 
 Dennis. 
 Doom, as they please, my empire not to staiul, 
 I'll grasp my sceptre with my dying hand. Dryden. 
 2. To seize ; to catch at. 
 
 This grasping o{ the militia of the kingdom into 
 their own hands, was desired the summer before. 
 
 Clarendtm. 
 For what are men who CTosp at praise suljlimc. 
 But bubbles on the rapid stream of timer Y:>ung. 
 
 To Grasp, v. n. 
 
 1 . To catch ; to endeavour to seize ; to try 
 
 at. 
 
 So endless and exorbitant are the desires of men, 
 that they will grasp at all, and can form no scheme 
 of perfect happiness with less. Swift. 
 
 2. To struggle ; to strive ; to grapple. Not 
 now in use. 
 
 See, his face is black, and full of blood ; 
 His hands abroad display 'd, as one thai graspt 
 And tugg'd for life. Shak. HenryXl. 
 
 3. To gripe ; to encroach. 
 
 Like a miser 'midst his store. 
 Who grasps and grasps 'till he can hold no more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Grasp, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The gripe or seizure of the hand. 
 
 Nor wanted in his grasp 
 What seem'd both spear and snield. _ Milton. 
 
 This hand and sword hath been acquainted w ell; 
 It would have cpmc before into my gra.^. 
 To kill the ravisher. Dryden s DonSehast. 
 
 The left arm is a little defacedj though one may 
 see it held something in its grasp formerly. Addis. 
 
 2. Possession ; hold. 
 
 I would not be the villain that thou think'st 
 For the whole^space that's in tlie tyrant's grasp, 
 And the rich East to boot. Shahesji. Macbeth, 
 
 3. Power of seizing. 
 
 Within the direful grasp 
 Of savage hunger, or of savage heat. Milton. 
 
 They lookccTupon it as their own, and had it 
 even within their grasp. Clarendon. 
 
 Grasped, n. s. [from grasp.l One that 
 
 grasps, seizes, or catches at. 
 GRASS. ?2. s. [sn.Tj-, Sax.] The com- 
 mon herbage of the field on which cattle 
 ' feed ; an herb with long narrow leaves 
 
 Ye are grown fat as the heifer at gross, and bel- 
 low as bulls. Jer. I. 11 
 The beef being young, and only gross fed, was 
 thin, light, and moist, and not of a substance to 
 endure the salt. Temvle. 
 _ You'll be no more your former you ; 
 
 G R A 
 
 But for a blooming nymph will pass, 
 
 Just fifteen, coming Summer's ^uis. Sitift. 
 
 Grass of Parnftssus, n.s. [parnassia, 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 
 This plant is called purnassia, from mount Par- 
 nassus, where it was supposed to grow ; and be- 
 cause the cattle feed on it, it obtained the naiiie 
 of grass, though the plant has no resemblance to 
 the grass kind. Miiler, 
 
 To Grass, v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 breed grass ; to become pasture. 
 
 Land arable, driven, or worn to the proof. 
 With oats ye may sow it, the sooner to ;^rass, 
 More soon to be pasture, to bring it to pass. 7\iss. 
 
 Grass TLor. n.s. [^rass and p/ot.] A 
 small level covered with short i^rass. 
 
 Here on this grass-plot, in tliis very place, 
 Come and sport. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The part of your garden next your house should 
 be a parterre for flowers, or grass-plots bordered 
 for tlowers. Temple. 
 
 They are much valued by our modern [planters 
 to adorn their walks and grass-plots. Mortimer. 
 
 Grass-pola. 71. s. A species of Wil- 
 low-wort. 
 Gra'ssiness. 71. s. [from grass?/.] The 
 
 state of abounding in grass. 
 Gra'ssy. adj. [from grass.] Covered with 
 grass ; abounding with grass. 
 
 Ne (iitl he leave the mountains bare unseen. 
 Nor the rank p-assu fens delights untry'd, Spens. 
 
 Rais'd of i^rassy turf 
 Their table was, and mossy seats had round. Mi7f. 
 The most in fields, like herded I easts, lie down, 
 To dews obnoxious, on the grassy floor. Drydeii. 
 
 Grate, n.s. [n^afes, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A partition made with bars placed near 
 to one another, or crossing each other : 
 such as in cloysters or prisons. 
 
 I have grated upon ray good friends for three 
 reprieves Tor you, and your couch ft How, Nim : 
 or else you had look'd through the grates, like a 
 geminy of baboons. Shakesp. 
 
 Oat of a little £ra(e hi se3'es he cast 
 Upon those bord ring hills, and open plain. Danfe/. 
 
 A fan has on it a nunnery of lively black-eyed 
 vestals, who are endeavouring to creep out at the 
 grates. Addison. 
 
 2 . The range of bars within which fires are 
 made. 
 
 My dear is of opinion that an old fashioned 
 grate consumes coals, but gives no heat. Specta. 
 
 To Grate, v. a. [grafter, Vr.] 
 
 1 . To rub or wear any thing by the attri- 
 tion of a rough body. 
 
 Thereat the fiend his gnashing teetli did grate. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Blind oblivion swallow'd cities up, 
 And mighty states characterless arc grated 
 To dusty nothing. Shak.TroUusandCressida. 
 
 If the particles of the putty were not made to 
 stick fast in the pitch, they would, h}- rolling up 
 and down, ^raft' and fret "the object metal, and 
 fill it full of little holes. Newton's Opt. 
 
 2. To offend by any thing harsh or vexa- 
 tious. 
 
 Thereat enraged, soon he 'gan upstart, 
 Grinding his teeth, and grating his great heart. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 They have been partial in the gospel, culled 
 and chosen out those softer and more gentle dic- 
 tates which would less gj'ata and disturb them. 
 
 Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Just resentment and hard usage coin'd 
 Th' unwilling word, and grati)i>^ as it is, 
 Take it for "tis thy due. Dryden s Don S^ast. 
 
 This habit of « riting and discoursing, wherein I 
 unfortunately differ fnmi almost the whule king- 
 dom, and am apt to grate the ears of more than I 
 could wish, was acquired during my apprentice- 
 ship in London. SwiJ't. 
 
 3. To form a bound by collision of asperi- 
 ties or hard bodies. 
 
 G R A 
 
 Hiegraii;?^ stock of wrathful iron arm?. Shak, 
 On a sudden open fly. 
 With impetuous recoil, and jarring sound, 
 Tir infernal duors, and on their hinges grate 
 Harsh thunder, that the lowest bottom shook 
 Of Erebus. Milton $ Par. Lest. 
 
 7b Grate, r. w. 
 
 1. To rub hard so as to injure or offend ; 
 to offend, as by oppression or importu- 
 nity. 
 
 Wherein have you been galled by the kinf^ ? 
 What peer hath been suborn'd to ^rate on you. 
 That you should seal tliis lawless bloody book 
 Of forg'd rebellion with a seal divine? Shakesp, 
 
 I have ^cr(f(/ upon my good friends for three 
 reprieves for you, or else you had looked through 
 the grates. _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 Paradoxingisof great use ; but the faculty must 
 be so tenderly managed as not to grate upon the 
 truth and reason of things. L'Estrange. 
 
 Thh grated harder U|)oa the hearts o( men. South. 
 
 I never heard him make the least complaint, in 
 a case that would Uave grated sorely on some men's 
 patience, and liave filled their lives with discon- 
 tent. Locke. 
 
 2. To make a harsh noise, as that of a 
 rough body drawn over another. 
 
 \Ve are not so nice as to cast away a sliarp knife, 
 because the edge of it may sometimes o^'aie./foo/ter, 
 
 GRATEFUL, adj. [graftis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Having a due sense of benefits ; willing 
 to acknowledge and to repay benefits, 
 
 A grateful mind 
 By owing owes not, "but still pays. Milton. 
 
 When some degree of health was given, he ex- 
 erted all his strength in a return of g-rafe/u/ recog- 
 nition to the author of it. Fell. 
 
 Years of service past, 
 Fwm grateful souls exact reward at last. Dryden. 
 
 2. Pleasing ; acceptable ; delightful; de- 
 licious. 
 
 Whatsoever is ingrate at first, is made grateful 
 by custom ; but whatsoever is too pleasing at first, 
 grnweth quickly to satiate. Bacon. 
 
 A man will endure the pain of hunger and, thirst, 
 and refuse such meats and drinks as are most 
 grateful to his api)etite, if he be persuaded that 
 thev will endanger his health. IVilkins. 
 
 This place is the more grateful to strangers, in 
 respect that it being a frontier town, and border- 
 ing upon divers nalions, raan3' languages are un- 
 derstood here. Brown's Travels. 
 
 Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine. 
 And orafe/u/ clusters swell with floods ofwine.PtJpff. 
 
 Gra'tefully. adv. [from grateful.] 
 
 1. With willingness to acknowledge and 
 repay benefits ; with due sense of obli- 
 gation. 
 
 He, as new wak'd, tlius gratefnllu reply 'd. Mik. 
 
 Enough remains for household charge beside, 
 His wife and lender children to sustam, 
 And gratefully to feed his dumb deserving train." 
 Dryden s Virgil, 
 
 In CvpTUs long by men and gods obey'd. 
 The lovers toil slie gratefully repaid. Granville. 
 
 2. In a pleasing manner. 
 
 Study detains the mind by the perpetual occur- 
 rence of sometliing new, which may gratefully 
 strike the imagination. Ivatfj. 
 
 Gra'tefulness. n.s, [from grateful.] 
 
 1 . Gratitude ; duty to benefactors. Now 
 obsolete. 
 
 A Laconian knight having sometime served him 
 with more gratefulness than good courage defend- 
 ed him. Sidney, 
 
 Blessings beforehand, ties of gratefulness. 
 The souncl of glory ringing in our cars. Herbert. 
 
 2. Quality' of being acceptable ; pleasant- 
 ness. 
 
 Gra'ter. n. s. [ gratoir, Vr.from g7'ate.] 
 A kind of coarse file with which soft bo- 
 dies are rubbed to powder. 
 
 e?6
 
 G R A 
 
 Tended handed touch a nettle. 
 And it stings you for your pains. 
 
 Grasp it nkc a man of mettle, 
 And it soft as silk remains. 
 
 So it is with comnKjn natures, 
 Treat them gently they rebel. 
 
 But be rough as nutmeg-craters, 
 And the rogues obey you well. _ A. Hill. 
 
 Gratifica'tion.m.s. [gratificatio.Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of pleasing. 
 
 They are inca|)ahl<- of any design above the pre- 
 sent gratijtcatwn of their palates. South. 
 
 2. Pleasure ; delight. 
 
 How hardly is his will brought to change all its 
 desires and aversions, and to renounce those »ra- 
 titications in which he has been long used to place 
 his happiness. Rogers. 
 
 3. Reward ; recorapence. A low word. 
 To Gr.\'ti FY. v.ii. [p-atificor.Liit.] 
 
 1. To indulge ; to grant by compliance. 
 
 You steer between the country and the court, 
 Jv'or gratifu whate'er llie great desire, 
 Nor gruog'ing ijive what publiek needs require. 
 
 Drijdeii. 
 
 2. To delight; to please; to humour; to 
 
 sootli. 
 
 But pride stood ready to prevent tlie blow ; 
 For w ho would die to gratifu a fue ? Dryden's Fab. 
 
 The captive generals to his car are ty'd ; -, 
 
 The joyful citizens tumultuous tide J. 
 
 Echoing his glorr, gratify his pride. Prinr. ) 
 
 A palled appetite is humorous, and must be^a- 
 ti^cd with sauces rather than food. Tatler. 
 
 At once they gratify their scent and taste, 
 While frequent cups prolong the rich repast.Pnpf. 
 
 A thousand little iiupertinences are very grati- 
 fying to curiositT, though not improving to the un- 
 derstanding. " Addison. 
 
 3. To requite with a recorapence: as, I'll 
 gratify y^ ^°^ ^^^^ trouble. 
 
 Gra'tingly. adv. [{rom grate.] Harsh- 
 ly ; offensively. 
 GRATIS, adv. [Lat.] For nothing; 
 without a recorapence. 
 
 The people cryyou mock them ; and, of late, 
 When corn was given them ^ra(is, you repin'd.5/i. 
 
 They sold tiiemselves, but thou, like a kind fel- 
 low, gav'st thyself away gratis, and I thank thee 
 for thee. Shakesp. 
 
 The taking of use, though he judged lawful, yet 
 never approved by practice, but lent still gratis 
 boiti to friends anti strangers. Fell. 
 
 Kindred are no welcome clients, where relation 
 gives them a title to have advice o-ratis.L'Esh-ange. 
 
 I scorned to take my degree at I'trecht or Ley^- 
 den, though oifered it gratis by those universities. 
 
 Arbiithnot. 
 
 Gra'titude. n.s. [gratitudo, low Lat.] 
 1 . Duty to benefactors, 
 
 Korbid 
 That our renowned Rome, whose gratitude 
 Tow'rds her deserving children is enroll'd. 
 Should now eat up her own ! Shakesp. 
 
 Suspicious thoughts bis pensive mind employ, 
 A sullen ^ratttiide, and clouded juy. Harte. 
 
 9. Desire to return benefits. 
 
 The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton. 
 
 Gratitude is properly a virtue, disposing the 
 mind to an inward sense and an outward acknow- 
 meut of a benefit received, together with a readi- 
 ness to return the same, or the like. 'South^sSerm. 
 
 GR.\TU1T0US. adj. [gratuitus, Lat. 
 gratuit, Fr.] 
 
 1. Voluntary ; granted without claim or 
 merit. 
 
 We mistake the gratuitous blessings of heaven 
 for the fruits of our own industry. L' Estrange. 
 
 2. Asserted without proof. 
 
 The second nwtive they had to introduce this 
 ^atuitous declination of atoms, the same poet 
 gives us. Ray. 
 
 Gra'tuitously. adv. \iroxa gratuiious.l 
 
 1 . Without claim or merit. 
 
 2, Without proof. 
 
 G 11 A 
 
 1 would know whence came this obliquity t>f 
 direction, which they gratuitously i-<ick to matter ; 
 this is to ascribe w ill and choice to these particles. 
 Cheyne's I'hil. Rrin. 
 Gratl'ity. n. s. [gratuitr, Fr. from 
 gratuitous.] A preuent or acknowledg- 
 ment ; a free gift. 
 
 They might have pretended to comply with 
 Ulysses, and dismissed him with a small gratuity. 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 He used every year to present us with his al- 
 manack, upon the score of some little graluitu we 
 gave him. Suijt. 
 
 To Gra'tulate. v. a. [palulor, Lat.] 
 
 1. To congratulate; to salute with decla- 
 rations of joy. 
 
 To gratify the good Andronicu3> 
 And^ra(ii/(!(e his safe return to Rome, 
 The people will accept whom he admires. S?uite;). 
 
 Whither away so fast ? 
 — No fartlier than the tower. 
 To gratulate the gentle princes tlitrc. Sliahesp. 
 
 Since nature could behold so dire a crime, 
 I gratulate at least my native clime, 
 Tliat such a land, wliich such a monster bore. 
 So far is distant from our Thracian shore. Dryd. 
 
 2. To declare joy for ; to mention with 
 expressions of joy. 
 
 Yet give thy jealous subjects leave to doubt, 
 Who this thy 'scape from ruinour{,'(aIu(ate, 
 
 No less than if from peril ; and devout. 
 Do beg thy care unto thy after state. BenJonson. 
 
 Gratula'tion. M.S. [from gratulatio, 
 Lat.] Salutations made by expressing 
 joy; expression of joy. 
 
 Tliey are the first gratulations wherewith our 
 Lord and Saviour was joyfully received at his en- 
 trance into the ivorld, by such as in their hearts, 
 arms, and bowels embraced him. Hooker. 
 
 The earth 
 Gave signs o! graiulation, and each hill. Hilton. 
 
 Your enjoyments, according to i he standard of 
 a Christian desire, require no addition: 1 shall 
 turn rav wishes into gratuUitio}is, and, congratulat- 
 ing thtir fuliiess,only wish their continuance. Sou(/i. 
 Gra'tulatory. adj. [from gratulate.] 
 Congratulatory ; expressing congratula- 
 tion. 
 Grave. A final s3'llable in the names of 
 places, is from the Saxon 5paep, a grove 
 or cave. Gibson's Camden. 
 
 GRAVE. 71. s. [jpaep, Sax.] The place in 
 the ground in which the dead are repo- 
 sited. 
 
 Now it is the time of night_. 
 That the grilles, all gaping wide. 
 
 Every one lets forth his spricht. 
 In the church-way paths to glide. Shakesp. 
 
 Thou wilt not leave me in the loatlisome grare. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To walk upon thegraiesof our dead masters. 
 Is our own security. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 A flood of waters would overwhelm all those 
 fragments wliich the earth broke into, and bury 
 in one common griite all the inhabitants of the 
 earth. Burnet. 
 
 They were wont once a year to meet at the 
 graves of the martyrs; there solemnly to recite 
 their sutTerings and triumphs, to praise their vir- 
 tues, to bless" God for their pious examples, for 
 their holy lives and their happy deaths. Kelson. 
 
 Gra've-cloaths. n. s. [grave and 
 doaths.] The dress of the dead. 
 
 But of such subtle substance and unsound. 
 
 That like a ghost he seem'd, whose grave-cloaths 
 
 were unbound. Spenser. 
 
 And he that was dead came forth, bound hand 
 
 and foot with graie-cloaths. John .\i. 4-1. 
 
 Gra'ver. comp. o( grave. See Grave. 
 Gra'vest. superl. of^j-flrc. SeeGRAVE. 
 Gra've-stone. U.S. [ "Trtie ands/o;ic.] 
 
 The stone that is laid over the grave ; 
 
 the monumental stone. 
 
 G R A 
 
 Timon, presently prepHre thy grsTe ; 
 Lye where the light foam of tlie sea may Ixral 
 Thy ;;raie-j(on« daily. Sliak. Timm 
 
 To GK.WE. v.a. itreter. graved: pari, 
 pass, graven, [graver, Fr. y^t'.] 
 
 1 . To insculp : to carve a figure or inscrip- 
 tion in any hard substance. 
 
 Cornice with bossy sculptures graven. ilUton. 
 
 Later vows, oaths, or leagues can never blot out 
 those former /T'aiin^J or characters, which by just 
 and lawful oaths were made upon their fouls. 
 
 Xirii; Charla. 
 
 Thy sum of duty let two words contain ; 
 O ! may they graren in thy heart remain. 
 Be humble and be just. Prior. 
 
 2. To carve or form. 
 
 What profileth the graven image, that the maker 
 thereof hath graren it ? Heh. ii. 18. 
 
 3. To copy paintings upon wood or metal, 
 in order to be impressed on paper. 
 
 The gravers can and ought to imitate the bodies 
 of the colours by the degrees of the lights and 
 shpidowj: 'lis impossible to give much strength to 
 what tliev grare, after the works of the schools, 
 without imitating in sonic sort the cohmrofthe 
 objects. Dri/den's Dufresmy. 
 
 i. [From grace.] To entomb. Not in use. 
 
 There's more gold : 
 D » Tou damn others, and let this damn you ; 
 And ditches grave you all ! Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 5. To clean, caulk, and sheath a ship. ./in.?. 
 To Grave, v. n. To write or delineate 
 on Iiard substances. 
 
 1 hou shalt make a plate of pare gold, and^nire 
 upon it. £x. xiviii.36. 
 
 Grave, adj. [grave, Tt. gravis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Solemn ; serious ; sober ; not gay ; not 
 light or trifling. 
 
 To th' more mature, 
 A glass that featur'd them ; and to thegrat-e, 
 A child that guided dotards. Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 We should have else desir'd 
 Your good advice, which still hath been both grave 
 And prosperous, in this day's council. Shakesp. 
 
 That ffrare awfulness, as in your best breed of 
 mastives, or elegancy and pre'ttiness, as in your 
 lesser doK, are modes of beauty .^cn-e ogoiiist .'ll.'i. 
 
 Even tne grave and serious characters are di?- 
 tinguislied by their several sorts of gravity. Dryd 
 
 Youth on silent wings is flown ; 
 Grater years come rolling on. Prior. 
 
 To laugh, were want o( goodness and of grace ; 
 And to ix grave exceeds all powe. of face. Pope. 
 
 Folly-painting humour, grate himself, 
 Calls laughter forth. Thotnson. 
 
 Tliev luive as much reason to pretend to, at; J 
 as much necessity to aspire after, the highest ac- 
 complishments of a Christian and solid virtue, at 
 the gravest and wisest among Christian philoso- 
 phers. Lati.\ 
 
 2. Of weight ; not futile ; credible. Lit- 
 tle used. 
 
 The Roman state w as of all others the most ce- 
 lebrated lor llieir virtue, as theg^raicsf of their own 
 writers, and of strangers, do bear them witness. 
 Carew's Cosmol. 
 
 3. Not showy ; not tawdrj': as, a gravt 
 suit of cloaths. 
 
 4. Not sharp of sound ; not acute. 
 Accent, in the Greek names and usage, seem* 
 
 to have regarded the tone of the voice ; the acute 
 accent raising the viice, in some syllables, to a 
 higlier, i. e. more acute pitch or tone, and the 
 grave depressing it lower, and both havhig son>e 
 emphasis, i.e. more vigorous pronunciation. WoWtr. 
 
 GR.'VVEL. ti.s. [p-avicr, Fr.grapfe/,Dut. 
 gravel, Armorick.j 
 
 1. Hard sand; sand consisting of very 
 small pebblestones. 
 
 ^iruteiconsists of flints of all the usual sizes and 
 colours, of the several sorts of pebbles ; some- 
 times w itli a few pjrita;, and other mineral Iwdies, 
 confusedly internuxed, and common sand. U'oedu-. 
 
 837
 
 G R A 
 
 His armour, all gilt, was so well Ijandleri, that 
 it shewed like a flittering sand and gravel, inter- 
 laced with silver riTers. Sidney. 
 
 Proofs as clear as founts iu July, when 
 We see each grain of gravel. Shakesp. 
 
 Providence permitted not the earth to spend it- 
 self in base graveU and pebbles, instead of quar- 
 ries of stones. More. 
 
 So deep, and j'et so clear, we might behold 
 The gravel bottom, and that bottom gold. Drtjd, 
 
 Ihe upper garden at Kensington was at first 
 nothing but agrarel pit. Spectator. 
 
 Cravel walks are best for fruit trees. Mtyrtimer. 
 
 2. [Gravelle, Fr.] Sandy matter concreted 
 in the kidneys. 
 
 If the stone is brittle it will often crumble, and 
 pass in the form of gravel : if tile stone is too big to 
 pass, the best method is to come to a sort of a com- 
 position or truce with it. Arhiuhiwt. 
 
 To Gka'vel. t'. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To pave or cover with gravel. 
 Moss groweth upon alleys, especially such as 
 
 lie cold, and upon the North, as in divers terrasses; 
 and again, if they be much trodden, or if thef 
 were at the first gravelled. Bacoii. 
 
 2. To stick in the sand 
 
 \\ illiam the Conqueror, when he invaded this 
 island, chanced at his arrival to he gravelled ; and 
 one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand, that he 
 fell to the ground. Camden. 
 
 S. To puzzle ; to stop ; to put to a stand ; 
 to embarrass. 
 
 I would kiss before I spoke. 
 — ^'ay, you were better speak first, and when you 
 were »iiiid(V/ for lack of matter you might take 
 occasion to kiss. Shakesp. 
 
 The disease itself will gi-aw/ him to judge of it ; 
 nor can there be any prediction made of it, it is 
 so sharp. Howel. 
 
 ^Vhat work do our imaginations make witli 
 eternity and immensity ? and how are we gra- 
 velled by their cutting dilemmas ? Glanville's Seep. 
 
 Mat, who was here a litlle grareU'd, 
 Tost up his nose, and would have cavill'd. Prior. 
 
 4. [In horsemanship.] To hurt the foot 
 with gravel confined by the shoe. 
 
 Gra'veless. adj. [from gram.} Want- 
 ing a tomb ; unburied. 
 
 My brave Egyptians all, 
 Bj the discandy ing of tliis pelletted storm, 
 Lie graveless. Shakesp. Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 Gra'velly. adj. [ graveleux; Fr. from 
 gravel.] Full of gravel ; abounding 
 with gravel ; consisting of gravel. 
 
 There are some natural spring waters that will 
 inlapidate wood ; so that you shall see one piece 
 of wood, wliereof the part above the water shall 
 continue wood, and the part under the water shall 
 be turned into a gravelly stone. Bacon's Nut. His. 
 
 If you live in a consumptive air, make choice of 
 
 the more open, high, dry, and gravelly part of il. 
 
 Harvey on ConsurnjUions. 
 
 Gra'vely. adt). [from g-j-flir.] 
 
 1 , Solemnly ; seriously ; soberly ; without 
 lightness or mirth. 
 
 Thou stand'st 
 Gravely in doubt when to hold them wise. Milton. 
 
 A girl longs to tell her confidant that she hopes 
 to be married in a little time, and asks her very 
 gravely what she would have her to do. Spectator. 
 
 ^Visdon^s above suspecting wiles ; 
 The queen of learning gravely smiles. Sivift. 
 
 A formal story was very gravely carried to his 
 e.xcellciicy, by some zealous members. Suift. 
 
 Is't not enough the blockhead scarce can read. 
 Bub must he wisely look, and gravely plead ? Yoimg. 
 
 2. Without gaudiness or show. 
 
 Gea'venes.s. n.s. [fromgrave.] Serious- 
 ness ; solemnity and sobriety of beha- 
 viour. 
 
 Youth no less becomes 
 The light and careless ivery that it wears. 
 
 G 11 A * 
 
 Than .settled age his sables and his weeds 
 Importing health and graveness. Shakesp. 
 
 _But yet beware of counsels when too full ; 
 Number makes long disputes and graveness dull. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Gra'veolent. adj. [graveokns, Lat.] 
 
 Strong scented. Diet. 
 
 Gra'ver. n. s. [graveur, Fr. fromgrave.} 
 
 1. One whose business is to inscribe or 
 carve upon hard substances; one who 
 copies pictures upon wood or metal to 
 be impressed on paper. 
 
 If he makes a design to be graved, he is to re- 
 member that the gravers dispose not their ct>lours 
 as the painters do ; and that by consequence, he 
 must take occasion to find the reason of his design 
 in the natural shadows of the figures, which he 
 has disposed to cause the etfect. Dryden's Dujr. 
 
 2. The stile or tool used in graving. 
 
 Witli all the care wherewith I tried upon it the 
 known ways of softening gravers, 1 could not sof- 
 ten this. " Boyle. 
 
 The toilsome hours in diiTrent labour slide. 
 Some work the file, and some the grai'er guide. 
 
 Gay's Fan. 
 
 Gravi'dity. n.s. [gravidus, Lat.] Preg- 
 nancy ; state of being with child. 
 
 Women, obstructed, have not always the fore- 
 mentioned symptoms : in those the signs of ^j-a- 
 ridity and obstructions are hard to he distinguish- 
 ed in the beginning. ArbiithnotonDiet. 
 Gra'ving. n.s. [from grave.] Carved 
 work. 
 
 Skitful to work in gold ; also to grave any man- 
 ner o( graving, and to find out every device which 
 shall be put to him. 2 Chron. ii. 14. 
 
 To GRA'VITATE. v. n. [from gravis, 
 Lat.] To tend to the centre of attrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Those who have nature's steps with care pursu'd. 
 That matter is with active force endu'd. 
 That all its parts magnetick pow'r e.\ert, 
 And to each other gravitate, assert. Blackmore. 
 
 That subtle matter must be of the same sub- 
 stance with all other matter, and as much as is 
 comprehended within a particular body must gi-a- 
 vitate jointly with that body. Bentlei/. 
 
 Gravita'tion. n.s. [from gravitate.] 
 Act of tending to the centre. 
 
 The most considerable pheiicmcnon belonging 
 to the terrestrial bodies is the general action of 
 gravitation, whereby all known bodies, in the vi- 
 cinity of the earth, do tend and press towards its 
 centre. Bentley. 
 
 When the loosemountain trembles from oiihigh. 
 Shall gravitation cease, if you go by ? Pope. 
 
 Gra'vity. n.s. [gravitas, Lat. gravite, 
 
 Fr.] 
 I . Weight ; heaviness ; tendency to the 
 
 centre. 
 
 That quality by which all heavy bodies tend 
 towards the centre, acceleiating their motion the 
 nearer they approach towards it, true philosophy 
 has shewn to oe unsolvable by any hypothesis, 
 and resolved it into the immediate will of the 
 Creator, Of all bodies, considered within the 
 confines of any fluid, there is a twofold gravity, 
 true and absolute, and vulgar or comparative : 
 absolute g)-avity is the whole force by which any 
 body tends downwards ; but the relative or vul- 
 gar is the excess oi gravitu in one body above the 
 s|jecifick gravity of the fluid, whereby it tends 
 downwards more than the ambient fluid doth. 
 
 Qiiincy. 
 
 Bodies do swim or sink in different liquors, ac- 
 cording to the tenacity or gravity of those liquors 
 which are to support them. Brown. 
 
 'I'hough this increase of density may at great 
 distances be exceeding slow, yet if the elastick 
 tone of this medium be exceeding great, it may 
 suffice to impel bodies from the denser parts of the 
 medium towards the rarer, with all that power 
 which we call graiiity. Newton's Optics. 
 
 G R A 
 
 2. Atrociousness ; weight of guilt 
 No man could ever have thought tkis reasona- 
 ble, that had intended thereby onlj to punish the 
 injury committed, according to the gravity of the 
 fact. Hooker, 
 
 3. Seriousness; solemnity. 
 
 There is not a white hair on your face but should 
 have his effect oi gravitu- Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 Our youths and wHdness shall no whit appear. 
 But all be buried in his gravity. Srtakesp. 
 
 For the advocates and council that plead, pa- 
 tience and gravity of hearing is au essential part of 
 justice. Bacon. 
 
 Great Cato there, (or gravity renown'd. Dryd. 
 
 The emperors often jested on their rivals or pre- 
 decessors, but their mints still maintahied their 
 gravity. ^ Addisim. 
 
 He will tell you with great gravity, that it is a 
 dangerous thing for a man that has been used to 
 get money, ever to leave it off. Law, 
 
 Gra'vy. 71, s. The serous juice that runs 
 from flesh not much dried by the fire. 
 
 J\Ieat wa love half raw, with the blood trick- 
 ling down from it, delicately terming it the gravy, 
 which in truth looks more like an ichorous or raw 
 bloody matter. Harvey on Consum-ptions. 
 
 There may be stronger brotli made of vegeta- 
 bles than of any gravy soxx^.Arbuthnot on Aliments, 
 
 GRAY. adj. [5^235, Sax. grau, Dan. 
 graau, Dut] 
 
 1 . White with a mixture of black. 
 
 They left me tlien, when the gray headed even, 
 Like a sad votarist in palmer's weed, 
 Rose from the hindmost wheels of Phcebus' wain. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 These gray and dun colours may be also pro- 
 duced by ini.xing whites and blacks, and by con- 
 sequence dirfer (rom peifect whites, not in species 
 of colours, but only in degree of luminousness. 
 
 2. ^Vhite or hoary with old age. 
 Living creatures gcncralU' do change their hair 
 
 with age, turning to be gray ; as is seen in men, 
 thouglT some earlier and some later ; in horses, 
 that are dappled and turn white ; in old squirrels 
 that turn grisly, and many others. Bacon's A^at. H. 
 
 Thou liast I. either forsaken me now 1 am be- 
 come o;ray headed, nor sulfered me to forsake thee 
 in the late days of temptation. Walton. 
 
 Anon 
 Grflj/headudraenand grave, with warriours mixV!, 
 Assemble. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 The restoration of o-raj/ hairs to juvenility, and 
 
 renewing the exhausted marrow, may be etiect d. 
 
 Glanville^s Scepsis. 
 
 Gray headed infant ! and in vain grown oM ! 
 Art thou to learn that in another's gold 
 Lie charms resistless? Drydens Juvenal. 
 
 We most of us are grown grai) headed in our 
 dear master's service. Addison s Spcctatoi: 
 
 Her gray liair'd synods damning books unread. 
 And Bacon trembling for his brazen head. Pope. 
 
 3. Dark like the opening or close of day ; 
 of the colour of ashes. 
 
 Our women's names are more gracious than 
 their CcEsilia, that h, gray eyed. Camden's Rem. 
 
 The ^ay ey'd murn smiles on the frowning 
 night, 
 Checqu'ring the eastern clouds with streaks of 
 light, Shakesp. 
 
 I'll say yon pray is not the morning's eye ; 
 'Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow. Shak. 
 
 Soon as the gray ey'd morning streaks the skies, 
 And in the doubtful day the woodcock flies. Gay. 
 
 Gray. n.s. Agraycolom*. 
 
 Down sunk the sun, the closing hour of day 
 Came onward, mantled o'er with ilu^kygray.Pam. 
 
 Gray. w. s. A badger. Ainsivorih, 
 
 Gra'ybeard. n.s, [grai/ and beard.] 
 An old man ; in contempt. 
 
 Youngling, thou can'.st nut love so dear as \. 
 — Graybeard, tliy love doth freeze. Shakesp. 
 
 S38
 
 G R A 
 
 Have I m conquest slretclit mine arm so far, 
 To be afraid to tell greyheards the truth ' Skak. 
 
 Grayling, n.s. (thymallus.] The um- 
 ber, a fish. 
 
 The graiiling lives in sucli rivers as the trout 
 does, and is usually taken with the same baits 
 and after the same manner : he is of a fine shape, 
 his flesh white, and his teeth, those little ones that 
 he has, are in his throat. He is not so general a 
 fish as the trout, nor so good to eat. Walton's Ang. 
 
 Gra'yness. 7J. *. [fromgrai/.] The qua- 
 lity of being gray. 
 ToGra'ze. v.n. [(rom grass.] 
 
 1. To eat grass ; to feed on grass. 
 
 The greatest of my pride is to see my ewes 
 
 graie, and my lambs suck. Shak. As you like it. 
 
 Grate where you will, you shall not house wjth 
 
 rae. SItakesp. 
 
 Leaving in the fields his gra-dng cows. 
 He sought himself some hospitable house Dryden. 
 
 The more ignoble throng 
 Attend their stately steps, and slowly grate along. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To supply grass. 
 
 Physicians advise their patients to remove into 
 airs which are plain champaigns, hat grating, and 
 not overgrown with heath. Bacon. 
 
 The sKwers must be kept so as the water may 
 not stay too long in the Spring ; for then the 
 ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never 
 grase to purpose that year. Bacon. 
 
 A third sort of grazing ground is that near the 
 sea, which is commonly very rich land. Moitimer. 
 
 3. To move on devouring. 
 
 As every state lay next to the other that was 
 oppressed, so the fire perpetually grazed. Bacon. 
 
 4. [From raser, Ft.] To touch lightly. 
 
 Mark then a bounding valour in our English, 
 That being dead, like to the bullets grazing, 
 Breaks out into a second course of mischief. 
 Killing in relapse of mortality. Shak. Henry V. 
 
 To Graze, v. a. 
 
 1. To tend grazing cattle ; to set cattle to 
 feed on grass. 
 
 Jacob graz'd his uncle Laban's sheep. Shahesp. 
 
 happy man, saith he, that, lo ! I see 
 Grating his cattle in those pleasant fields. 
 
 If he but know his good ! Daniel'sCivil War. 
 
 2. To feed upon. 
 
 1 was at first as other beasts, that graze 
 The trodden herb, of abject thoughts and low. 
 
 Milton. 
 Tlieir steeds around. 
 Free from their harness, graze the fiow'ry ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Sorae^a:e their land 'till Christmas, and some 
 
 longer. Mortimer. 
 
 1 his Neptune gave him, when he gave to keep 
 
 His scaly flocks that graze tlie wat'ry deep. Dryd. 
 
 The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant 
 
 mead. Poj>e. 
 
 3. To supply with grass. 
 
 He hath a house and barn hi repair, .ind a field 
 or two tograxehis cows, with a garden and or- 
 chard. Swift. 
 
 Gra'zer. n.s. \ftaai graze.] One that 
 grazes or feeds on grass. 
 
 His flock daily crops 
 Their verdant dinner from the mossy turf 
 Saflicient : after them the cackling goose. 
 Close graser, finds wherewith to ease her want. 
 
 Philips. 
 
 Gra'zier. n.s. \ftora graze.] One who 
 feeds cattle. 
 
 All graziers prefer theii cattle from meaner pas- 
 tures to better Bacon. 
 
 Gentle peace, which filieth the husbandman's 
 barnS/ the grazier s folds, and the tradesman's 
 shop. Howel. 
 
 His confusion increased when he found the al- 
 derman's father to be a grazier. Spectator. 
 
 Of agriculture, the desolation made in tne coun- 
 try, by engrossing graaters, and the great yearly 
 
 G R E 
 
 importation of corn from England, are lamentable 
 instances under what discouragement it lies. Suif't. 
 
 GREASE, n.s. [graisse,rr.] 
 
 1. The soft part of the fat ; the oily or 
 unctuous part of animals. 
 
 (ireasc, that's sweaten 
 From the murth'rer's gibbet, throw 
 Into the flame. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To take out a spot of grease they use a coal up- 
 on brown paper. Bacon'sNat. H. 
 
 Thou hop St, with sacrifice of onen slain. 
 To coiupass wealth, and bribe the god of gain 
 To give thee flocks and herds, with large encrease ; 
 Fooi 1 to expect them from a bullock's grease. 
 
 Dryden s Juvenal. 
 
 A girdle, foul with grease, binds his obscene 
 attire' Dryden. 
 
 2. [In horsemanship.] A swelling and 
 gourdiness of the legs, which happens to 
 a horse after a journey, or by standing 
 long in the stable. 
 
 To Grease, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To smear or anoint with grease. 
 2- To bribe ; to corrupt with presents. 
 Envy not the store 
 Of the greas'd advocate that grinds the poor. Dry. 
 
 Gre'asiness. n.s. [from grease.] Oili- 
 ness ; fatness. 
 
 Upon the most of these stones, after they are 
 cut, there appears always, as it were, a kind of 
 greasiness or unctuosity. Boyle. 
 
 Gre'asy. adj. [from grease.] 
 
 1 . Oily ; fat ; unctuous. 
 
 The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy re- 
 liques 
 Of lier o'ereaten faith. Shak. 
 
 2. Smeared with grease. 
 
 Even the lewd rabble 
 
 Goverii'd their roaring throats, and grumbled pity : 
 
 I could have hugg'd the greasy rogues ; they 
 
 pleased me. Otuay 
 
 Buy sheep, and see that they be big-boned, and 
 
 have a soft, greasij, well curled close wool. Mart. 
 
 3. Fat of body ": bulky : in reproach. 
 Let's consult together against this greaiy knight. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 GREAT, adj. [3neat:, Sax. groo^, Dut] 
 
 1. Large in bulk or number. 
 
 Judas one of the twelve came, and with him a 
 great mullitude with swords and slaves. Mat. xxvi. 
 
 All these cities were fenced with high walls, 
 gates, and bars, besides unwalled t»wns a great 
 many. Deut. iii. 5. 
 
 Elemental air difl'us'd 
 In circuit to the uttermost convex 
 Of this great round. Milton. 
 
 And God created the great whales. Milton. 
 
 A dungeon horrible, on all sides round, 
 As one gi-eat furnace flain'd. Milton. 
 
 The tallest pine 
 Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast 
 Of some great admiral. Milton. 
 
 2. Having any quality in a high degree. 
 
 There were they in great fear. Ps. xiv. 5. 
 
 Their pow'r was gre«(. Milton. 
 
 Great triumph and rejoicing was in heav'n.3Ii(f. 
 Charms such as thine, inimitably great 
 He only could express. Broome. 
 
 3. Having number or bulk, relative or 
 comparative. 
 
 The idea of so mucli is positive and clear : the 
 idea of greater is so clear, but it is but a compara- 
 tive idea. Locke. 
 
 4. Considerable in extent or duration. 
 
 Thou hast spoken of thy servants house for a 
 great while to come. 2 Sa. vii. 19. 
 
 5. Important ; weighty. 
 
 Make sure 
 Her favours to thee, and the great oath take 
 With which the blessed gods assurance make. 
 
 Chavm. 
 
 G R E 
 
 Many 
 Have broke their backs with lajing manors on 
 
 them, 
 For this p-eat journey. Shakesp. HenryVlll, 
 
 What is low raiie and support, 
 That lo the heiglit of ihis^Mt argument 
 I may assort eternal Providt-nce, 
 And vindicate ihe ways of God to men. Mitton. 
 
 On some great charge eraploy'd 
 He scem'd, orfix'd in cogiUition deep. Milton. 
 
 By experience of this great event, 
 In arms not worse. Miltoiu 
 
 After silence then* 
 And summons read, the great consulthegan. Milt. 
 And though tliis t e a ^reat truth, if it be im- 
 partially considered, yet it is also a great paradox 
 to men of corrupt minds and vitious practices. 
 
 Tillotion. 
 
 6. Chief; principal. 
 
 Hear the king's pleasure, cardinal, who com- 
 mands V'Hl 
 To render up me great seal presently. Sftafc H.YllT. 
 
 7. A'enerable ; adorable ; awful. 
 
 Thou first are wont God's ^eaf aulhentick will, 
 Inlerprcier, throujih highest heav'n to bring.Afiif. 
 
 8. Wonderful ; marvellous. 
 
 Great things, and full uf wonder. Milton. 
 
 9. Of high rank ; of large power. 
 Such men as he be ne^'cr at heart's ease. 
 
 Whilst they behold & greater than themselves.S/ia. 
 
 Worthiest by being good. 
 Far more than great or hiifh. Milton. 
 
 Of all the great, liow few 
 Are just to heav'n, and to their promise true \Pope. 
 
 Misfortune made the throne her seat. 
 And none could be uuliappy but thereof. Rowe. 
 
 Despise the farce of state. 
 The sober follies of the wise and ^eat. Pope, 
 
 The marble tombs that rise on nigh, 
 Whose dead in vaulted arches lie ; 
 These, all the poor remains of state. 
 Adorn the rich, or praise the great. PameL 
 
 10. General ; extensive in consequence 
 or influence* 
 
 Proiifick humour softning all her globe. 
 Fermented the great mother to conceive. Milton. 
 
 11. Illustrious; eminent; noble; excel- 
 lent. 
 
 O Lord, thou art great, and thy name \s great in 
 niii:ht. Jer.x,6. 
 
 Tlie great Creator thus reply'd. Milton^ 
 
 The great Son return d 
 Victorious with his saints. MUUm, 
 
 Fair angel, thy desire tliat tends to know 
 The works of God, thereby to glorify 
 The great work-master, tends to no excess 
 That reaches blame. MiUon. 
 
 Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite " 
 Tliy pow'r ! what thought can measure thee, or 
 
 tongue 
 Relate thee ! greater now in tli\' return, 
 Than from the giant angels : thee that day 
 Thy thunders magnified, but to create 
 Is greater than created to destroy. MiUon, 
 
 The great luminary 
 Aloof the vulgar constellations thick. 
 That from this lordly eye keep distance due, 
 Dispenses light from far. Milton, 
 
 Here Cesar ^rac'd with both Minervas shone, 
 Cesar, the wond's^eof master, andhisowu-Pflptf. 
 
 Scipio, 
 Great in his triumphs, in retirement ^caf. Popt, 
 
 12. Grand of aspect ; of elevated mien. 
 Such Dido was ; with such becoming state. 
 
 Amidst the crowd, she walks serenely ^eaf. Dry. 
 
 13. Magnanimous; generous; high 
 minded. 
 
 In her every thing was goodly and stately ; yet 
 so, that it might seem that great mindeduess was 
 but the ancient bearer to the humbleness. SLitiey. 
 
 14-. Opulent; sumptuous; magiiificent 
 
 Not Baboon, 
 "Sot great Alcairo, such magnificence 
 Equall'd in all their glories. Mi/Cm. 
 
 8S9
 
 G R E 
 
 lie disdained not to appear at great tables and 
 festival entertainments. Atterhury. 
 
 15. Intellectually great; sublime. 
 
 This new created world, how good, how fair, 
 Ansuirint; liis great idea. MUton. 
 
 ifS. Swelling ; proud. 
 
 Siilvnian perceived that A''ienna was not to be 
 Avon with words, nor the defendants to be dis- 
 coiiM.ed with great looks ; wherefore he besan to 
 batter llie walls. Knolles. 
 
 17. raniiliav ; much acquainted. Alow 
 
 word. 
 
 Those that would not censure, or speak ill of a 
 mail ini'iiediaielv, will talk more huldiy of those 
 that are great \%i"th them, and tliereb^' wound their 
 hoii(»ur, Bacon. 
 
 18. Pregnant ; teeming. 
 
 His eyes sometimcseven^er(f with tears. Sidn. 
 Their bellies great 
 With swelling vanity, bring forth deceit. Sandys. 
 
 Thisfly, for most 'he stings in heat of day, 
 From cattle greafwithyoung keep tliou away. May. 
 
 ly. It is added in every step of ascending 
 or descending consanguinity : as great 
 grandson is the son of my grandson. 
 
 I dare not yet aflirm for the anti(|uitT_of our lan- 
 guage, that our^7Ta(-^7-£u£-t;rcatgrand5ires tongue 
 came out of Persia. Camden, 
 
 What we call ^reat^caf grandfather the V called 
 forthafadcr. Camden s [lemnim. 
 
 Their holy-day-cloaths go from father to son, 
 and are seldom worn out till the second or tliird 
 generation ; so tliat 'tis common enough to see a 
 countryman in the doublet and bieeclies of his 
 great grandfather. Addison, 
 
 20. Hard; difficult; grievous. A pro- 
 verbial expression. 
 
 It is no great matter to live lovingly with good 
 natured and meek persons. Tayhr's Devotion. 
 
 Great, h.s. [from the adjective.] The 
 whole; the gross ; the whole in a lump. 
 
 To let out thy harvest by great or by day, 
 Let this by experience lead thee the way: 
 IBy great will deceive thee with ling'ring it out, 
 By day will dispatch. Tusser's Husbaiidry. 
 
 It were behoveful, for the strength of the navy, 
 that no ships should be builded by the great ; for 
 by daily experience they are found to be weak 
 and imperfect. Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 He did at length so many slain forget. 
 And lost the tale, and took* them by the great. 
 
 Drtjden. 
 
 Carpenters build an house by the great, and are 
 agreed for the sum of money. Moxon s Mech. Exer. 
 
 I set aside one day in a week for lovers, and in- 
 terpret by the great for any gentlewoman w ho is 
 turned of sixty. Addison. 
 
 Gre'atbellied. adj\ [great txnd be Ui/.] 
 Pregnant ; teeming. 
 
 OreatbelUed women, 
 That had not half a week to go, like rams 
 In the old iimeof war, would shake the press, S/m. 
 A o;rea(''e//(crf woman, walking through the city 
 in tlie day-time, had her child struck out of her 
 womb, arid carried half a furlong from heT.Wdkinfi. 
 
 To Gre'aten. v. a, [from g-rf^^] To 
 aggrandize; to enlarge ; to magnify. A 
 word little used. 
 
 After they sought to greaten tlicmsclvcsin Italy 
 itself, using strangers for the commanders of their 
 armies, the Turks by degrees beat them out of all 
 their goodly countries. Raleigh. 
 
 A favourite's business is to please his king, a 
 minister's to greaten and exalt him. Ken. 
 
 Greathea'rted. a(/]\ [great and 
 heart.] High spirited; undejected. 
 
 'the earl, as grcatheartrd as lie, declared that he 
 neither cared for liis friendship, nor feared his )ia- 
 tred. Clarendon. 
 
 Gre'atly. adv. [from great,] 
 
 1, In a great degree. 
 
 Thy sorrow will I ^rea(?i/ multiply. Milton, 
 
 2. Nobly; illustriously. 
 
 G R E 
 
 Yet London, empress of the iiortlicrn clime, 
 By anhigli (nte\.]w\i great! u didst exjiire. Di-ifden. 
 3. Magnanimously; generously; bravely. 
 
 Where are these tnjld intrepid sons of war, 
 Tiiat greatly turn tlieir backs upon the foe. 
 And to their general send a brave defiance Mddis. 
 
 Greatness, n. s. [i'rom great .] 
 
 1 . Largeness of quantity or number. 
 
 2. Comparative quantity. 
 
 We can have no positive idea of any space or 
 duration, which is not made up of and commen- 
 surate to repeated numbers of feet or yards, or 
 days or years, and whereby we judge of tlie ^rea(- 
 ness of tFjese sort of quantities. Locke. 
 
 All absent pood does not, according to tlie great- 
 ness it has, or is acknowledged to have, cause pain 
 equal to that »)-ea(nfS5, as all pain causes desire 
 equal toitself; becauselhe absence of good is not 
 always a pain, as the presence of pain is. Locke, 
 
 3. High degree of any quality. 
 
 Zeal, in duties, should be proportioned to the 
 greatness of the rew-ard, and the certainty. Rogers, 
 
 4. High place ; dignity ; power ; in- 
 fluence ; empire. 
 
 The most servile flattery is lodged most easily 
 in the grossest capacity -, for their ordinary con- 
 ceit draweth a yielding to greatness, and then liave 
 they not wit to discern the right degrees of duty. 
 
 Sldnei^, 
 
 Farewel, a longfarewel to all itiy greatness.Skak^ 
 So many 
 As will to greatness dedicate themselves. Skakesp, 
 
 I beg your ,i^"eatnes5 not to give the law 
 In other realms ; but beaten, to withdraw. Dryd. 
 
 Approaching 0TcafHes5 met hiut with her charms 
 Of pow'r and future state ; 
 He shook her from his arms. Dryden, 
 
 Theraistocles raised the A thenians to their ^rcu(- 
 tiess at sea, which he thought to he the true and 
 constant interest of that comntonwealth. Sutft, 
 
 5. Swelling pride ; affected state. 
 
 My lord would have yovi know, that it is not 
 of pride or gi^eatness that he coraolh not aboard 
 your ships. Bacon, 
 
 6. Merit ; magnanimity ; nobleness of 
 mind. 
 
 Greritne.<:s of mind and nobleness their seat 
 Build in her loveliest. _ Milton. 
 
 7. Grandeur ; state ; magnificence. 
 Greatness with Timon dwells in such a draught. 
 
 As brings all Brobdignag before your thougiit. 
 
 Pope, 
 Greave. n. s. [snsep, Sax.] A grove. 
 
 Sj)e7iser. 
 Yet when there liaps a honey-fall. 
 We'll lick the sirupt leaves, 
 
 And tell the bees that theirs is gall 
 To that upon the ^'reni'es. M. Drayton. 
 
 Greaves, n.s. [from o-rfrc's, Fr.] Armour 
 
 for the legs ; a sort of boots. It wants 
 
 the singular number. 
 
 He had ^»-cates of brass upon his legs. ISa. xvii. 
 
 A shield make for him, and a helm, (mi greaves, 
 
 and curets such 
 
 As may renown thy workmanship, and honour 
 
 him as much. Chajnnans Iliads, 
 
 Gre'cism. n.s. [gracismns, Lat.] An 
 idiom of the Greek langu.nge. 
 
 Gree. n.s, [g-re, Fr. probably from g-ra- 
 iia.] Good will ; favour ; good graces. 
 
 And f.dling her before on loivly knee. 
 To her makes present of liis service seen, 
 Which she accepts with thanks and goodly gree. 
 
 Spenser, 
 Greece, n. s. [corrupted from degrees. 
 It is written likewise greeze or grice.l A 
 flight of steps. Obsolete. 
 
 Ev'ry greece of fortune 
 
 Is smother'd by that below. Shakesp. 
 
 After the procession, the king himself remaining 
 
 seated in the quire, the lord archbishop, upon the 
 
 greece of tlie quire, made a long oration. Bacon. 
 
 Greedily. adv.[{romgreedi/.] Eagerly; 
 
 Cx R E 
 
 ravenously; voraciously; with keen ap- 
 petite or desire. x 
 
 Greedily she engorg'd without restraint. mUm. 
 He swallow'd it as greedily 
 As parched earth drinks rain. Denham, 
 
 Ev'n deadly plants, and herbs of poisnous juice. 
 Wild hunger seeks ; and to prolong our breath, ; 
 We greedily devour our certain death. Dryden 
 
 Greediness, n.s. [from greedy. 1 Ra- 
 venousness ; voracity ; hunger ; eager- 
 ness of appetite or desire. 
 
 Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak. KingL. 
 
 Thither with all greediness of aiTection are they 
 gone, and there they intend to sup. Sliakesp. 
 
 If thou wert the wolf, thy greediness would af- 
 flict thee. Shakesp. Tinunt. 
 
 I with the same peediness did seek. 
 As water when I thirst, to swallow Greek. Denh. 
 
 GRE'EDY. adj. [sjisebij, Sax. graadig, 
 Dan. gretig, Dut.] 
 
 1 . Ravenous ; voracious ; hungry. 
 
 As a lion that is ^reerfyof his prey. Ps, xvii. 12. 
 
 Be not unsatiable in any dainty thing, nor too 
 greedy upon meats. Eccles, xxxvii. i!9. 
 
 He made the greedy ravens to be Elias's cater- 
 ers, and bring him food. f^'"g Charles. 
 
 2. Eager ; vehemently desirous. It is now 
 commonly taken in an ill sense. 
 
 Greedy to know, as is the mind of man. 
 Their cause of death, swift to the fire she ran. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 The ways of every one that is gi'cedy of gain. 
 
 Prov. 
 .Stern look'd the fiend, as frustrate of his will. 
 Not half suthc'd, and greedy yet to kill. Dryden. 
 
 W'hile the reaper fills his greerfu hands. 
 And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. ' 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 How fearful would he be of all ^rec(/^ ami unjust 
 
 ways of raising their fortune ? Law. 
 
 GREEN, adj. [o-ritn. Germ. g-rocn, Dut.] 
 
 1 . Having a colour formed commonly by 
 compounding blue and yellow ; of the 
 colour of the leaves of trees or herbs. 
 The green colour is said to be most fa- 
 vourable to the sight. 
 
 The g'-neral colour of plants is greeji, which is a 
 colour that no flower is of: there is a greenish 
 primrose, but it is pale and scarce a ^ree7i. Bacon. 
 
 Groves for ever ^rec/t. Pope. 
 
 2. Pale; sickly: from whence we call 
 the maid's disease the green sickness, or 
 chlorosis. Like it is Sappho's x^^'f^^n 
 
 Was the hope drunk 
 Wherein you drest yourself ? Hath it slept since .^ 
 And wakes it now to look so green and pale 
 At what it did so freely ? Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 There's never any of these demure boys come 
 to any proof: they fall into a kind of male green 
 sickness. Shak, HenrylV. 
 
 Till the green sickness and love's force betray'd 
 To death's remorseless arms th' unhappy maid. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 3. Flourishing ; fresh ; undecayed : from 
 trees in Spring. 
 
 If I Iiave any where said a green old age, I have 
 Virgil's authority ; Sedcrudadeoviridisquesenectti$. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 4. New ; fresh : as, a green wound. 
 The door is open, sir ; there lies your way 
 
 You may be jogging while your boots are green. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 Griefs are green ; 
 And all tliy friends, which thou must make thy 
 
 friends, 
 Have but their stings and teeth newly ta'en out. 
 
 ithakesp. 
 In a vault. 
 Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth. 
 Lies festering in hishlood. Shak, Romeo and Juliet. 
 A man that studieth revenge kecpeth his own 
 wounds green, which otherwise would heal and 
 do well. Bacon's Essays, 
 
 840
 
 G R E 
 
 I might dilate on the temper of the [ipoplc, the 
 
 Eower, arts, aiiri interest (-f the contrary j)art_y, 
 lit those are invidious topicks, too gretn m our 
 rtMiicmhrance. Drydsn. 
 
 5. Not dry. 
 
 If a spark of error have thus far prevailed falling 
 even where the wood was green, and farthest oii' 
 from any inclinatii»n unto fmious attempts; must 
 not the peril thereof be greater in men, whose 
 minds are of themselves as dry fewel, apt be- 
 forehand unto tumults? liooker, Dedication. 
 
 Being an olive tree 
 Wliich late he fell'd; and being ^cene, must be 
 Made li^liler for bis mana<:e. Chavman. 
 
 Of fragility the cause is an Impotency to be ex- 
 tended, and therefore stone is more fragil than 
 metal, and so dry wood is more fragil than green. 
 
 Bacoti. 
 
 If you hut consider a piece of jffreat wood burn- 
 ing in a chiinne3", you will readily discern, in tJie 
 disbanded parts of it, the four elements. Boyle. 
 
 The green do often heat the ripe, and the ripe, 
 so heated, give fire to t\iv green. MonimertHmb. 
 
 6. Not roasted ; half raw. 
 
 Under this head we may rank those words 
 which signify ditferent ideas, by a sort of an 
 unaccountable far-fetclied analogy, or distant re- 
 semblance, that fancy has introduced between 
 one thing and another ; as when we say the meat 
 h green, when it is half roasteil. liaK/s Logick. 
 
 7. Unripe; immature; young; because 
 fruits are green before they are ripe. 
 
 JMy sailad days. 
 When I was green in judgment, cold in blood ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 O charming youth, in the first op'ningpage ; 
 So many graces in so green an age. Dryden. 
 
 YouTl find a diflerence 
 Between the promise of his greener days. 
 And these he masters now. Shakesp. Henry Y. 
 If you would fat^een geese, shut them up when 
 they are about a month old. Mortimer's Husb. 
 
 &tubble geese at Michaelmas are seen 
 Upon the spit, next May produces green. King. 
 
 Green, n.s, 
 
 1. The green colour; green colour of dif- 
 ferent shades. 
 
 Her mother hath intended, 
 That, quaint in ^cen, slie shall be loose enrob'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Bat with your presence cheer'd, they cease to 
 
 mourn, 
 
 And walks wear fresher ^rcen at your return. Dry. 
 
 Cinnabar, illuminated by this beam, appears of 
 
 the same red colour as in day-light; and if at the 
 
 lens you intercept the green making and blue 
 
 making ravs, its redness will become more full 
 
 and lively. Newton sOpt. 
 
 Let us but consider the two colours of yellow 
 
 and blue; if the^' are mingled together in any 
 
 considerable proportion, they make a green. 
 
 Watts' s Logick. 
 
 2. A grassy plain. 
 
 For this down-trodden equity, we tread 
 In warlike march these greens before your town. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 O'er the smooth enamel I'd green, 
 Where no print of step hath been, 
 Follow me as I sing. Milton, 
 
 The young /Emilia, fairer to be seen 
 Than t)ie fair lily on the ilow'ry green. Dryden. 
 
 3. Leaves; branches; wreaths. 
 
 With greens and flow'rs recruit their empty 
 hives. 
 And seek fresh forage to sustain their lives. Dryd. 
 
 Ev'ry brow with cheerful gi-een is crown'd ; 
 The feasts are doubled, and the bowls go ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 The fragrant greens I seek, my brows to bind. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Green, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 make green. A low word. 
 
 Great Spring before 
 Green d all the year; and fruits and blossoms 
 
 blush'd 
 In social sweetness ou the self-same bough. Thoith 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 ORE 
 
 Gre'enbroom. n,s, [cytiso genistra, 
 Lat.] A shrub. Miller. 
 
 Gre'encloth. n. s. A l)oard or court 
 of justice held in the countin^house of 
 the king's household, for tlie taking cog- 
 nizance of all matters of government 
 and justice witliin the king's court- 
 royal ; and for correcting all the servants 
 that shall offend. Did. 
 
 ¥ox\.hc grcenclolh law, take it in the largestsensc, 
 I have no opiiiiijji of it. Bacon s Advice to VitUcrs. 
 Gre'eneykd. aflj. [from ^reen and i'i/e.] 
 Having eyes coloured with green. 
 
 Doubtful thoughts, and rash-cnibrac'd despair, 
 And shudd'ring iear, and grce ney' d jeAou-i y .Sliuk. 
 
 Gre'enfinch. w. s. [cltloris.] A kind 
 of bu'd. 
 
 The chaffinch, greenjinch, dormouse, and other 
 small birds, are injurious to some fruits. Jl/or/iwcr, 
 
 Gre'enfish. n.s. [aselluSf'LsLt.] A kind 
 
 of fish. Ainsicorth. 
 
 Gre'engage. m. ^. A species of plum. 
 
 Gre'enhouse. n. s. [green ^wdhonseJ] 
 
 A house in which tender plants are 
 
 sheltered from the weather. 
 
 If the season prove exceeding piercing, which 
 you may know ny the freezing of a moistened 
 cloth set in your greenhouse, kindle some charcoal. 
 
 Y.v(iyn. 
 Sometimes our road led us into several hollow 
 apartments among tlie rocks and mountains, that 
 look like so many natural greenhouses, as being al- 
 ways shaded wflli a great variety of trees and 
 shrubs that never lose their verdure. Addison. 
 
 A kitchen garden is a more pleasant sight than 
 the finest orangery or artificial greenhouse. Sped. 
 
 Gre'enish. adj, [from grer w.] Some- 
 what green ; tending to green. 
 
 With goodly ^'eeftis/i locks, ail loose, unty'd. 
 As each nad been a bride. Spensci'. 
 
 Of this order the green of all vegetables seems 
 to be, partly by reason of the intenscness of their 
 colours, and partly because, when they wither, 
 some of them turn to a gi^eenish yellow, Newton. 
 
 Gre'enly. flf/r. [from ^ree?i.] 
 
 1. With a greenish coloiu'. 
 
 2. Newly; freshly, 
 
 3. Immaturely. 
 
 4. Wanly ; timidly. Not in use, 
 
 Kate, I cannot look greenly, nor gasp out m3' 
 eloquence ; nor have I cunning in protestation. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Gre'enness. n.s. [from gi'een.] 
 
 1. The quality of being green; viridity; 
 viridness. 
 
 About it grew such sort of trees, as either ex- 
 cellency of fruit, stateliness of growth, continual 
 grecjiness, or poetical fancies have made at any 
 time famous. Sidney. 
 
 In a meadow, though the nieer grass and^ree«- 
 7iess delights, yet the variety of tlowers doth 
 heighten and beautify. Bc7i Joiison. 
 
 My reason, which discourses on what it finds 
 in my phantasy, can consider greenness by itself, 
 or mellowness, or sweetness, or coldness, singly" 
 and alone by it:.elf. Digby on Bodies. 
 
 2. Immaturity; unripeness. 
 
 This prince, while yet the errors in his nature 
 were excused by the greenness of his youth, which 
 took all the fault upon itself, loved a private man's 
 wife. Sidney. 
 
 3. Freshness ; vigour. 
 
 Take the picture of a man in the greenness and 
 vivacity of nis youth, and in the latter date and 
 declension of his drooping years, and you will 
 scarce know it to belong to the same person. 
 
 Stmth. 
 
 4. Newness, 
 
 U II E 
 
 Ore'ensicknekS. n.s. [grein and iiVA:- 
 ncss] 'Die disease of maids, so called 
 from tile paleness which it produces. 
 
 S'mr eructations, ant) d craving a|)|icl)lt', cspe- 
 riallj of terrestrial aiid absorbent substancri, are 
 llieca&e a{ ^^'irU m Cue gretntickncis, Arbuth. 
 
 O re'ens w A R D, \_ n. s. [green and sward: 
 Gre'ensword, j of the same original 
 with sivarlh.] The turf on wliich grass 
 grows. 
 
 This is the prettiest low-bom lass that ercr 
 Han on the greeiiswiyrtl. Shak. \Vmter*t Tale. 
 
 .*\ftcr t)rcak tlicir fast 
 On gixensuard ground, a cool and grateful taste. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 In shallow soils all is gravel within a few inches ; 
 
 and sometimes in low ground a thin greetistMrdt 
 
 and sloughy underneath; which last turns all into 
 
 bog. 5'ut//. 
 
 Gre'enweed. n.s. [green and icced.^ 
 
 Dyers w'eed. 
 Greenwood, n.s. [green and wood'\ 
 A wood considered as it aj)pears in the 
 Spring or Summer. It is sometimes 
 used as one word. 
 Among wild lierbs under the greeniaxid shade. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 It happe[i"d on a Summer's holiday, 
 That to the grceiiuuod shade he took his way ; 
 For Cynion sliunuM the church. Dryden. 
 
 To GUEE'T. v.a. [greator, Lat. jjietau, 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1 . To address at meeting. 
 
 I think if men, which in these places live. 
 Durst louk in themselves, and themselves retrieve, 
 'J'lie would like slrannersg-iccl themselves. Donne. 
 
 I \\uuUl gladly go, 
 'I'o greet my Pallas with such news below. Dryd. 
 
 2. To address in whatever manner. 
 
 JMy noble partner 
 Vou greet with present grace, and great predic- 
 tion; 
 To me you speak not. Shah. Macbeth. 
 
 Now'Thomas Mowbray, do I turn to Ihce, 
 And mark my greeting well ; for what I sneak, 
 My hodv shall make good. Sliak. liich. II. 
 
 3. To salute in kindness or respect. 
 
 My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet 
 you. 
 — God bless your grace with health and happy 
 days. Shakesp. 
 
 Now the herald lark 
 Left bis ground net, high low'ring to descry 
 The morii's approach, and greet her with his song. 
 
 MiUm. 
 Once had the early matrons run 
 To ^ee( her of a lovely sou. MiUon. 
 
 'J be sea's our own ; and now all nations greet, 
 \Vith bending sails, each vesselof ourtleet. Jt'n//<T. 
 Thus pale they meet, their eyes with fury burn : 
 None greets; for none the greeting will return ; 
 But in dumb surliness, each arm'd with care. 
 His foe profest, as brother of the war. Dryden. 
 4'. To congratulate. 
 
 His lady, seeing all that channel from far, 
 Approaclit in baste to greet his victorie. Spemer. 
 
 5. To pay compliments at a distance. 
 
 The king's a-bed. 
 And sent great largess to your officers ; 
 This diamond hejjreetsyovir wife withal. 
 By the name of most knid hostess. Shak. Macb. 
 
 6. To meet, as those do who go to pay 
 congratulations. Not much in use. 
 
 Your haste 
 Is now urg'd on you. 
 — We will greet the time. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 To Greet, v. n. To meet and salute. 
 
 There greet in silence, as the dead are wont. 
 And sleep in peace. S>iakesp, 
 
 Such was that face on which I dwelt with joy. 
 Ere Greece assembled stera'd the tides to Troy . 
 But parting then for thai detested shore. 
 Our eyes, unhappy ! n&\eT greeted more. Pefe 
 
 5P 
 
 811
 
 G R 1 
 
 Gre'eter. n. s. [from the verb.] He 
 who greets. 
 
 Gre'eting. n. s. [iTom greet.'] Saluta- 
 tion at meeting, or compliments at a 
 distance. 
 
 I from him 
 Give you all gi-eetings, tiiat a Iting, as friend, 
 Can send liis brother. Shak. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Greeze. n. s. [Otherwise written greece. 
 See Greece, or Grieze, or Grice; 
 from degrees.] A flight of steps ; a step. 
 
 Gre'gal. «f//. [grex, gregis, Lut.] Be- 
 longing to a flock. Diet. 
 
 Grega'rious. adj. [gregarius, Lat.] 
 Going in flocks or herds, like sheep or 
 partridges. 
 No birdj of prey are gregarimts. liaymthe Crea. 
 
 Gre'mial. adj. [gremium, Lat.] Per- 
 taining to the lap. Diet. 
 
 GRENA'DE. n.s. [from pomum gfana- 
 tum, Lat.] A little hollow globe or ball 
 of iron, or other metal, about two inches 
 and a half in diameter, which, being 
 filled with fine powder, is set on fire by 
 means of a small fusee fastened to the 
 touch-hole ; as soon as it is kindled, the 
 case flies into many shatters, much to the 
 damage of all that stand near. Harris. 
 
 Gre'nadiER. n.s. [grenadier, Fr. from 
 grenade.] A tall footsoldier, of whom 
 there is one company in every regiment : 
 such men being employed to throw 
 grenades. 
 
 Peace allays tlie shepherd's fear 
 Of wearing cap of grenadier. Gay's Pastorals. 
 
 Grena'do. n.s. See Grenade. 
 
 Yet to express a Scot, to play that prize, 
 Not all those month grenoAos can suffice. Cleavel 
 You may as well try to quench a flaming orenat/o 
 with a shefi of fair water as hope to succeed. Watts. 
 Greut. n. s. A kind of fossile body. 
 A sort of tin ore, with its greut ; that is, a con- 
 geries of crystals, or sparks of spar, of the bigness 
 of baysalt, and of a brown shining colour im- 
 mersed therein. Grew's MiisiEiim. 
 Grew. The preterite of groiv. 
 The pleasing task he fails not to renew ; 
 Soft and more soft at ev'ry touch it grew. Dryd. 
 Grey. adj. [gris, Fr. More properly 
 written grai/.] See Gray. 
 
 This ancient ruffian, sir, whose life I spar'd at 
 suit of his ^re^ beard. SItak. King Lear. 
 
 Our green youth copies what^-eiy sinners act. 
 When venerable age commends the fact. Dryd. 
 Gre'yhound. n.s. [jjiijhuno. Sax.] 
 A tall fleet dog that chases in sight. 
 
 First may a trusty greyhound transform himself 
 into a tyger. Sidney. 
 
 So, on the Downs we see, near Wilton fair, 
 A liast'ned hare from greedy greyhounds go.Sidney. 
 
 Th' impatient greyhound, slipt from far, 
 - Bounds o'er the glebe to catch the fearful hare. Drj;. 
 
 Grice. n. s. 
 
 1. A little pig. Gouldman. 
 
 2. A step or greeze. 
 
 No, not a ^rice; 
 This a step to love. Shakesp. Twelfth Night. 
 
 To Gride, v.n. [gridare, Ital.] To cut; 
 to make way by cutting. A word ele- 
 gant, but not in use. 
 
 His poi^nantspearhe thrust with puissantsway, 
 Th»t through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. 
 
 Spenser. 
 So sore 
 The ^ridin^ sword, with discontinuous wcmnd. 
 Pass d through hira ! Milton's Far. Lost. 
 
 Grid ELI N. adj. A colour mixed of 
 white and red. 
 
 G R 1 
 
 The ladies dfess'd in rich symars were seen, 
 Of Florence satten.flower'd with white and green. 
 And for a shade betwixt the bloomy ^ritfe/m. Dryd. 
 Gri'diron. n.s. [grind, Islandick, a 
 grate, and iron.] A portable grate on 
 which meat is laid to be broiled upon the 
 fire. 
 He had added two bars to the gridiron. Spectat. 
 
 Grief, n. s. [from grieve; griff, Welsh, 
 probably from the English.] 
 
 1. Sorrow ; trouble for something past. 
 
 I will instruct my sorrows to be proud ; 
 Tor grief is proud, and makes his owner stoaUShak. 
 
 Wringing of the hands, knocking the breast, 
 are but the ceremonies of sorrow, the pomp and 
 ostentation of an etfeminate grief, which speak 
 not so much the greatness of the misery as the 
 smallness of the mind. South. 
 
 The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine 
 boy, who was her only son, that she died for grief 
 of It. Addison. 
 
 2. Grievance; harm. [Grief, Fr,] Not in 
 use. 
 
 Be factious for redress of all these ^ri^s, 
 And I will set this foot of mine as far 
 As who goes farthest. Sitakesp. 
 
 The king hath sent to know 
 The nature of your griefs, and whereupon 
 You conjure from the breast of civil peace 
 Such bofd hostility ? Shak. Hen. IV. 
 
 3. Pain ; disease. Obsolete. 
 G R I e' V A N c E . M . «. [from grief.] 
 
 1. A state of uneasiness. Out of use. 
 
 2. The cause of uneasiness. Used of such 
 causes as are the effects of human con- 
 duct. 
 
 What remedy cin be found against grievances, 
 but to bring religion into countenance, and en- 
 courage those who, from the hope of future re- 
 ward, and dread of future punishment, will be 
 moved to justice and integrity ? Swijt. 
 
 To GRIEVE. V. a. [grever, Fr. griever, 
 Flem. gi-avis, Lat.] 
 
 1. To afflict; to hurt. 
 
 For he doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the 
 children of men. Lute, iii. 33. 
 
 Forty years long was I grieved with this genera- 
 tion. Psal. 
 
 It repented the Lord that he had made man on 
 the earth, and it^ereffbimathisheart. Gen. vi. 
 
 Griev'd at the thought, he vow'd his whole en- 
 deavour 
 Should be to close those breaches. Rowe. 
 
 2. To make sorrowful. 
 When one man kills another, thinking that he 
 
 killetb a wild beast ; if the same man remerabereth 
 afterwards what he hath done, and is not grieved 
 for the fact, in this case he hath sinned ; because 
 his not grieving is olfensive unto God, though the 
 fact were merely- besides his will. Perkijis. 
 
 To Grieve, v. n. To be in pain for some- 
 thing past ; to mourn ; to sorrow, as for 
 the death of friends. It has sometimes 
 at and sometimes/or before the cause of 
 grief: perhaps at is proper before our 
 misfortunes, and for before our faults. 
 
 Do not you grieve at this. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 How didst thou grieve then, Adam, to behold 
 The end of all thy offspring end so sad. Miiton. 
 
 With equal mind what happens let us bear; 
 Nor joy nor grieve too much for things beyond 
 our care. Dryden. 
 
 Grie'vingly. adv. [from grieve.] In 
 sorrow ; sorrowfully. 
 
 Grievingly, I think. 
 The peace between the French and us not values 
 The cost that did conclude it. Shak. Hen. VIII. 
 
 GRIEVOUS, adj. [gravis, Lat. or from 
 
 To grieve.] 
 1. Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be bom. 
 
 To the flesh, as the apostle himself granteth, 
 all aflliction is naturally grievous. _ Hooker. 
 
 G R I 
 
 Correction is grievous unto him that forsakcth 
 tlie way, and he that hatetli reproof shall die. 
 
 Prov. XV. 10, 
 
 2. Such as causes sorrow. 
 
 To own a great but grievous truth, though they 
 quicken and sharpen the invention, they corrupt 
 the temper. Watts. 
 
 S. Expressing a great degree of uneasiness. 
 
 He durst not disobey, but sent grievous com- 
 plaints to the parliament of the usage he was 
 forced to submit to. Clarendon, 
 
 4. Atrocious ; heavy. 
 It was A grievous fault. 
 
 And grievously hath Ccesar answer'd it. Shakesp. 
 Crying sins I call those, which are so heinous, 
 and in their kind so grievous, that they hasten 
 God's judgments and call down for speedy venge- 
 ance upon the sinner. Perkint 
 
 5. Sometimes used adverbially in low 
 language. 
 
 He cannot come, my lord ; he's grievous sick. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Grie'vously. adv. [from grievous.] 
 
 1. Painfully; with pain. 
 Wide was the wound, and a large lukewarm 
 
 flood, 
 Red as the rose, thence gushed grievously. Spen, 
 
 2. With discontent ; with ill-will. 
 Grittus perceiving how grievously the matter 
 
 was taken, with the danger he was in, began to 
 doubt. Knolles. 
 
 3. Calamitously ; miserably. 
 I see how a number of souls are, for want of right 
 
 inforniatiun, often times grievously vexed. Hooker, 
 
 4. Vexatiously ; to a great degree of un- 
 easiness. 
 
 Houses built in plains are apt to be grievously 
 annoyed with mire and dirt. Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Grie'vousness. n. s. [from grievous,] 
 Sorrow ; pain ; calamity. 
 
 They fled from the swords, from the drawn 
 sword and from the bent bow, and from the 
 grievousness of war. Js. xxi. 15. 
 
 Gri'ffin. }n.s, [This should rather 
 Gri'ffon. ^ be written ^/•j//bn, or gry- 
 phon ; gryps, y^i-^- ; but it is generally 
 written griffon.] A fabled animal, said 
 to be generated between the lion and 
 eagle, and to have the head and paws 
 of the lion, and the wings of the eagle. 
 
 Of all bearing among these winged creatures, 
 
 the griffin is the most ancient. Peach, on Blazoning. 
 
 Aristeus, a poet of Proconesus, affirmed, that 
 
 near the one-eyed nations gri^ns defended the 
 
 mines of gold. Brown. 
 
 Grig. n.s. [kricke. Bavarian, a little 
 duck.] 
 
 1. It seems originally to have signified any 
 thing below the natural size. 
 
 2. A small eel. 
 
 3. A merry creature. [Supposed from 
 Greek ; grcecnlus festivus, Lat.] 
 
 Hard is her heart as flint or stone. 
 She laughs to see me pale ; 
 
 And merry as agrig is grown. 
 And brisk as bottle-ale. • Swift 
 
 To Grill, v. n. [grille, a. grate,Tr.] To 
 
 broil on a grate or gridiron. 
 Gri'llade. n. s. [from grill.] Any 
 
 thing broiled on the gridiron. 
 To Gri'lly. v. a. [from grill.] This 
 
 word signifies, as it seems, to harass; 
 
 to hurt: as we now say, to roast a man, 
 
 for to tease him. 
 For while we wrangle here and jar. 
 
 We are grillied all at Temple-bar. 
 
 GRIM. adj. [jpimma. Sax.] 
 
 I. Having a countenance of terrour ; hor- 
 
 Hudibrat. 
 
 rible ; hideous ; frightful. 
 
 812
 
 G R I 
 
 G R I 
 
 The innocent prey in haste he rtoej fiirsake, 
 Which quit from death,. vet quakes in every hmb, 
 With chalige of fear to see the lion look so grim. 
 ° ispenscr. 
 
 Grim Saturn yet remains, 
 Bound in those gloomy caves with adamantine 
 chai.is. , ^ ^"y'""- 
 
 Thou hast a mm appearance, and thy lace 
 Bears a command in't. Shakesp. Carwlanm. 
 
 Their dear cau'^es 
 Would to the bleeding and the grim alarm 
 Excite the mortified man. , Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 What if the breath that kindled those enm hres, 
 Awak'd, should blow them into sevenfold rage? 
 
 MUton. 
 Expert to turn the sway 
 Of baltle, open when and where to close 
 The ridges of grim war. MiUms Far. Uist. 
 
 He that dares to die, 
 Blav laugh at the grim face of law, and scorn 
 The cruel wrinkle of a tyrant brow. Denh. bophy. 
 Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. 
 Doubling the n'ative horrour of the war, ^ 
 And making death more grim. Addison s Co(o. 
 2. Ugly; ill-looking. 
 
 Strait stood up to him 
 Divine Ulysses ; who with lookes excceaing grave 
 
 and grim. 
 
 This better check gave. . Chapman. 
 
 Grim visag'd war hath smooth d his wnnki ri 
 
 front. Shakesji. 
 
 Venus was like her mother; tor her father is 
 
 but grim. Shakesp. 
 
 Grima'ce. n.s. [Fr. from grim.] 
 
 1 . A distortion of the countenance from 
 habit, affectation, or insolence. 
 
 He had not spar'd to shew his piques, 
 Agahist th' haranguer's politicks, 
 Wth smart remarks of leering faces. 
 And annotations of grimaces '. Hudibrat. 
 
 The favourable opinion and good word of men 
 comes oftentimes at a very easy rate ; and by a 
 few demure looks and aft'ected whims, set oS with 
 some odd devotional postures and griTTWces, and 
 such other little arts of dissimulation, cunning 
 men will do wonders. S<^uth's Senrums. 
 
 The butToon ape, with grimaces and gambols, 
 carried it from the whole field. L'Estrange. 
 
 The French nation is addicted to grimace. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 2. Air of affectation. 
 
 Vice in a vizard, to avoid grimace. 
 Allows all freedom, but to see the face. Granville. 
 
 Grimalkin, n.s. ^gris.Yr. grey, and 
 malkin, or little Moll.] Grey little 
 ■woman ; the name of an old cat. 
 
 Grimalkin, to domestick vermin sworn 
 An everlasting foe, with watchful eye 
 Lies nightly brooding o'er a chinky gap. 
 Protending her fell claws, to thoughtless mice 
 Sure ruin. Philips. 
 
 Grime, n.s. [from g-W?n.] Dirt deeply 
 insinuated; sulljing blackness not easily 
 cleansed. 
 
 Swart, like my shoe, but her face nothing so 
 clean kept; for why ? She sweats: a man may 
 go over shoes in the grime of it. Shakesp. 
 
 Collow is the word by which they denote black 
 grime of burnt coals or wood. Wooiicard on Fossils. 
 
 To Grime, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 dirt ; to sully deeply. 
 
 My face I'll grime with filth. 
 Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots. Shak. 
 
 Gri'mly. adv. [from g-Wm.] 
 
 1. Horribly; hideously; terribly. 
 
 We've landed in ill time : the skies look grimly, 
 And threaten present blusters. Shakesp. 
 
 So Pluto, seiz'd of Proserpine, convey 'd 
 To hell's tremendous gloom th' affrighted maid ; 
 There grimly smil'd, pleas'd with the beauteous 
 
 prize, 
 Nor envy 'd Jove his sunshine and his skies. Addis. 
 
 2. Sourly; sullenly. 
 
 The augurs 
 Say they know not ; they cannot tell ;Iook m'imly. 
 And dare not speak their knowledge. Sliakesp, 
 
 Gri'mness. n.s. [from g-nm.] Horror; 
 
 frightfulness of visage. 
 To GRIN. V. n. [gpennian, Sax. grinnen, 
 griiukn, Dut. undoubtedly of the .same 
 origin with To grind, as we now say to 
 grind the teeth ; grincer, Fr.] 
 ] . To set the teeth together and withdraw 
 the lips either in anger or in mirth. 
 Death, death! oh, amiable, lovely death ! 
 Come grin on me, and I will think thou smil si.Sha. 
 
 What valour were it, when a cur doth pnn, 
 For one to trust his hand between his teeth. 
 When he might spurn him with his foot away. Sh. 
 It was no unpleasant entertainment to me to see 
 the various methodswilh which they have attacked 
 me ; some with piteous moans and outcries, others 
 grinning, and only shewing their teeth. Stillmg/ieet. 
 
 A lion's" hide he wears ; 
 About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin ; 
 The teeth and gaping jaws severely grin. Dryden. 
 
 They neither could defend, nor can pursue ; 
 But grinnd their teeth, and cast a helpless view. 
 ** Dryden. 
 
 Madness, we fancy, gave an ill-tim'd birth 
 To grinning laughter, and to frantick mirth. Prior. 
 
 Fools grin on fools, and Stoicklike support. 
 Without one sigh, the pleasures of a court. Voting. 
 •2. To fix the teeth as in anguish. 
 
 I like not such grinning honour as Sir Walter 
 hath : give me life, which if I can save, so ; if not 
 honour comes unlook'd for, and there's an end 
 
 Shakesp. Henry IV 
 
 Grin. n. s. [from the verb.] The act of 
 closing the teeth and shewing them. 
 
 He laughs at him : in's face too. 
 — O you mistake him ; 'twas an humble grin. 
 The fawning joy of courtiers and of dogs. Dryden. 
 
 The muscles were so drawn together on each 
 side of his face, that he shewed twenty teeth at a 
 grin. . „ , ^ddiso^'. 
 
 Deists are effectually beaten in all their com- 
 bats at the weapons of men, that is, reason and 
 arguments ; and they would now attack our re- 
 ligion with the talents of a vile animal, that is, 
 grin and grimace. ^Vatts on the Mind. 
 
 What lords are those saluting with a grin? 
 One is just out, and one is lately in. toung. 
 
 Grin. ' n. s. [jpyn, SJTsne. Sax.] A 
 snare ; a trap. 
 
 Like a bride that hastenelh to his gryn. 
 Not knowing the perile. Chaucer. 
 
 The grin shall take him by the heel, and the 
 robber shall prevail against him. Job, xviii. 9. 
 
 To GRIND, v.a. preter. I ground ; pait. 
 pass, ground. [3pinban, sejj-unben, 
 ground, Sax.] 
 
 1. To reduce any thing to powder by fric- 
 tion ; to comminute by attrition. 
 
 And whosoever shall fall on this stone, shall be 
 broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will 
 grind him to powder. ■*■'''• 
 
 He that will have a cake out of the wheat, must 
 needs tarry thegrinriing. Shak. Troibisand Cressula. 
 
 What relation or alhnity is there between a mi- 
 nute body and cogitation, any more than the 
 greatest.' Is a small drop of rain any wiser than 
 the ocean' Or do we grind inanimate corn into 
 living and rational meal ? Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 2. To sharpen or smooth by rubbing on 
 something hard. 
 
 Meeting with time, slack thing, said I, 
 Thy sithe is dull ; "het it, for shame : 
 
 S'o marvel, sir, he did reply. 
 If it at length deserve some blame ; 
 But where' one man would have me grind it, 
 Twenty to one too sharp do find it. Herbert. 
 
 Against a stump his tusk she monster grinds, 
 And in the sharpen'd edge new vigour fiiidi. Dry. 
 
 3. To rub one against another. 
 So up he let him rise ; who with grim look, 
 
 And count'nance stern, upstanding, 'gan togrinrf 
 
 His grated teeth for great disdain. Spenser. 
 
 Harsh sounds, as of a saw when it is sharpened, 
 
 and grinding of one stone against another, make 
 
 G R I 
 
 a shivering or honor in tlie body, and set the 
 teeth on edge. Jiacon t Aol. Hut. 
 
 Ihat the stomach in animals grindt the fiib- 
 stances which it receives, is evident from the dis- 
 section of animals, which have swallowed metals, 
 which have been found polished on the side next 
 the stomach. Arbuthnot on Alimtntl. 
 
 4. To harass ; to oppress. 
 
 Some merchants and tradesmen, under colour 
 of furnishing the colony with necessaries, may not 
 grind theiu so as shall always keep thein in 
 poverty. Bacon t Advice to I itUert. 
 
 Another way the Spaniards have taken to grind 
 the Neapolitans, and yet to take off the odium 
 from themselves. Addwm. 
 
 5. In the following lines, 1 know not \vhe- 
 ther it be not corruptly used for grind- 
 ing, cutting. 
 
 Not knowing 'twas my labour, I complain 
 Of sudden shootines and of grinding pains, 
 My throes come Uiicker, and ray cries increas <t. 
 
 ■' Dryden. 
 
 To Grind, v.n. 
 
 1. To perform the act of grinding; to 
 
 move a mill. 
 
 Fetter'd they send thee 
 Into the common prison, there to grind 
 Amonc the slaves and asses. MilUm's Agonistes. 
 
 2. To be moved as in the act of grinding. 
 Shrinking sinnews start. 
 
 And smeary foam works o'er my grinding jaws. 
 
 Rou-e. 
 
 Grinder, n. s. [from grind ] 
 
 1. One that grinds; one that works in a 
 
 mill. 
 
 2. The instrument of grinding. 
 His heart a solid rock, to fear unknown. 
 
 And harder than thegrindcr's nether stone.Sondj/J. 
 
 Now exhort 
 Thy hinds to exercise the pointed steel 
 On the hard rock, and give a whealy form 
 To the expected grinder. Philips. 
 
 3. [Ejain^-'co'Saj-.] The back teeth ; the 
 double teeth. 
 
 The teeth are in men of three kinds : sharp as 
 the foreteeth ; broad, as the back-teeth, which we 
 call the molar-teeth, or grinders; and pointed teeth 
 or canine, which are between both. Bacon. 
 
 He the raging lioness confounds. 
 The roarine lion with his javelin wounds 
 Scatters their whelps, their grindeis breaks ; so thev 
 With the old hunters starve for want of prey .Sand. 
 
 The jaw-teeth or grindci-s, in Latin molarfs, are 
 made flat and broad a-top, and withal somewhat 
 uneven and rugged, that, by their knobs and little 
 cavities, they iuay the better retain, "riiid, and 
 commix the aliments. Rau on the Crcilwn. 
 
 Nature is at a griat deal of labour to transmute 
 vegetables into animal substances ; therefore herb- 
 cafing animals, which do not ruminate, have 
 strong grinders, and chew much. ArbtUhnot. 
 
 4. The teeth, in irony or contempt. 
 One, who at the sight of supper, open'd wide 
 
 His jaws before, and whetted grinders try li.Uryd. 
 
 Both he brought ; 
 Hemouth'dthem, and betwixt his grinders caught. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gri'ndlestone. \n. s. [from grind and 
 
 Gri'ndstone. / stone.] The stone 
 
 on which edged instruments are 
 
 sharpened. 
 
 Such a light and raetall'd dance 
 Saw you never vet in France ; 
 And"by the lead-men, for the nonce, 
 That turn round like srindtestones. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Literature is the grindstone to sharpen the coul- 
 ters and to whet their natural faculties. Hnmnumd. 
 
 Smiths that make hinges brighten them, yet 
 seldom file them ; but grind them on a gnndst-ve 
 
 'liiibrisbt. , ..'^T™: 
 
 Gri'nneR. n. *. [from grin.] He that 
 
 grins. 
 
 The friehtfu^st^^inltc^ 
 Be the wmter. Addison s Spectator. 
 
 843
 
 :ie "\ 
 ■ir [ 
 
 G R I 
 
 Gki'nningly. adv. [from grin.] With 
 
 a grinning laugh. 
 Grip. n..v. A small ditch. Ainsworth. 
 To GRIPE. V. a. [greipan, Goth, gpipan, 
 
 Sax. grijpen, Dut. gripp, Scott.] 
 
 1. To hold with the fingers closed; to 
 grasp ; to press with the fingers. 
 
 He tliat speaWs dotli ^ripe the hearer's wrist, 
 Whilst lie tliat liears makes fearful action 
 Witii wriiikl'd brows. Shahesp. Kin^ John. 
 
 2. Tohoia hard. 
 
 He ^eiz'd the shining bough with ^ripingho\d. 
 Anil retitawa^' with east; the ling'ring g"lii. Drud 
 
 3. [GrippeVy Fi*.] To catch eagerly ; to 
 seize. 
 
 You took occasion to be quickly woo'd, 
 To gripe the gen'ral sway into your hands. Shak. 
 
 4. To close ; to ckitch. 
 
 Unlucky Welted ! thy unfeeling master, 
 The more thou ticklest, gripes hisnand the faster. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 5. To pitch ; to press ; to squeeze. 
 
 A wond'rous \vay it for this lady wrouj:ht, 
 From liim's claws to pluck thegnped prey.Speji.sej-. 
 And first the dame came rushing thro' the 
 ■wood ; 
 And next thefamish'd hounds that sought thei 
 
 food, _ . . [ 
 
 And gi'ip'd her flanks, and oft essay'd their jaws \ 
 
 in blood. Drijden's Fables. ) 
 
 6. To give a pain in the bowels. 
 
 Thus full of counsel to the den she went, 
 Grip'd all the way, and longing for a vent. Dryd. 
 
 To Gripe, v.n. 
 
 1. To feel the colick, to liave the belly- 
 ach. 
 
 Many people would, with reason, prefer the 
 griping of an hungry belly to those dishes which 
 are a least to others. Locke. 
 
 Manna, by the bulk, figure, texture, and mo- 
 tion of its parts, has a power to produce the sen- 
 sations of sickness, and sometimes of acute pains 
 or gripings in us. Locke. 
 
 2. lo pinch; to catch at money meanly. 
 
 It is mean revenue, by being scattered, in the 
 worst of times growing upon nim, when others 
 that had great ones, by griping, made them less, 
 and grew stark beggars. Fell. 
 
 Gripe, w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, Grasp; hold; seizure of the hand or 
 j)aw. 
 
 Therefore still on high 
 He over him did huld his cruel claws, 
 Threat'ning with greedy gripe to do him dy. Spen. 
 
 They put a barren sceptre in my gripe. 
 Thence to be wrench'd with anuniineal hand. S/ia^. 
 
 Should I 
 Slaver with lips, as common as the stairs 
 That mount the Capitol ; join gripes with hands 
 Made hardy with hourly falshood as with labour. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He gave me his band. 
 And, with a feeble gripe, says, dear, my lord. 
 Command my service. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 1 fell ; and with my weight the helm constrain'd 
 Was drawn along, which yet my gripe retain'd. 
 
 Dryd. JEn. 
 
 2. Squeeze ; pressure. 
 
 i-'ir'd with this thought, at once he straui'd the 
 breast ; 
 'Tis true, the harden'd bre^tst resist the gripe, 
 And the cold lips return a kiss unripe. Dryden. 
 
 8. Oppression; crushing power. 
 
 I take my cause 
 Out of tlie gripes of cruel men, and give it 
 To a most noble judge, the king my master. Shak. 
 
 4. Affliction ; pinching distress. 
 
 Adam, at the news 
 Heart-struck wich chilling gripe of sorrow stood. 
 That all his senses bound ! Milton s Far. Lost. 
 
 Can'st thou hear cold and hunger? Can these 
 Fram'd for the tender offices of love, [limbs. 
 
 Endure the bitter gr/pes of smarting poverty ? Otw. 
 
 5. [In the plural.] Belly-ach* colick. 
 
 G R I 
 
 In the jaundice the cholcr is wanting; and the 
 icterical have a great sourness and gripes, with 
 windiness. Fhyer. 
 
 Gri'per.w.5. [from gr/pe.] Oppressor; 
 
 usurer; extortioner. 
 
 Others pretend zeal, and jet are professed usur- 
 pers, grzpcrs, raonstersof men, and harpies. Burfiwj. 
 
 Gri'pingly. adv. [from griping.'] With 
 pain in the guts. 
 
 Clysters help, lest the medicine stop in the guts, 
 and wurk gripingly. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 Gri'ple. 71. s. A greedy snatcher; a 
 griping miser. Spenser. 
 
 Grisa'mber. 71. s. Used by Alilton 
 for ambergrise. 
 
 Beasts of chase, or fowl of game. 
 In pastry built, or from the spit, c>r boilVl, 
 Grisamher steani'd. ]\liltons Par. Regained. 
 
 Grise. n. s. [See Greece, as it should 
 be written.] A step, or scale of steps. 
 
 Let me speak like ourself ;and lay a sentence, 
 A\ hich, as a grise or step, may help these lovers 
 Intoyuur favour. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Gri'skin. n. s. [giisgin roast meat, 
 Irish.] The vertebra? of a hog broiled. 
 
 Gri'sly. adj. [jj^ij'lu, Sax.] Dreadful; 
 horrible; hideous; frightful ; terrible. 
 
 Hiserts/v hicks, long groweii and unbound, 
 Disordered liung about his shoulders round, ijjcjt. 
 
 Where I was wont to ^eek the honej bee. 
 The grisly toadstool grown there might I see. Spen. 
 
 My grislu countenance made otiiers fly ; 
 None durst come near, for fear uf sudden death. 
 Shak. Hen. XL 
 
 Back step'd those two fair angels, halfamaz'd 
 So sadden to behold tlie grisly king ; 
 Yet thus, unmov'd with fear, accost him soon. 
 
 M (7(071. 
 
 For that damn'd magician, let him be girt 
 With all the grislu legions that troop 
 Under the sooty flag of Aclieron. Milton. 
 
 The beauteous foim of fight 
 Is chang'd, and war appears a grisly sight. Dryd. 
 
 In vision thou shall see hh grisly face, 
 The king of terrors raging in thy race Dryd. Imio. 
 
 Thus trie grisly spectre spoke again. Dryden, 
 
 Closeby each other laid, they press'd the ground 
 
 Tticir manly bosoms pierc'd with many a grisly 
 
 wound. Drijdeti. 
 
 So rushes on his foe the grisly bear. Addiso7i. 
 
 Grist, n. s. [^tt^j Sax.] 
 
 1 . Corn to be ground. 
 
 Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store, 
 Lest miller lack water. Tusser's Husbandry. 
 
 A mighty trade this lusty miller drove ; 
 Much grist from Cambridge to bis lot did fall. 
 And all the corn they us'd at scholar's hall. 
 
 Millerof'Tromp. 
 
 2. Supply; provision. 
 
 Matter, as wise logicians say, 
 Cannot without a form subsist ; 
 
 And form, say I, as well as they, 
 Must fail, if matter brings no grist. Swift. 
 
 3. Grist to Mill, is profit ; gain. 
 
 The computation of degrees, in all matrimonial 
 causes, is wont to be made according to the rules 
 of that law, because it brings o-risffo the mi//. Ayl. 
 
 GRISTLE, w. s. [smr^l^. Sax.] A car- 
 tilage ; a part of the body next in hard- 
 ness to a bone. 
 
 No living creatures, that have shells very hard, 
 as 03'^sters, crabs, lobsters, and especially the tor- 
 toise, have bones within them, but only little 
 gristles. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Lest the asperity orhardness of cartilages should 
 hurt the oesophagus or gullet, winch is tender and 
 of a skinny substance, or hinder the swallowing 
 of our meat, therefore the ainmlary gristles of the 
 windpipe are not made round, or iu'iire circles ; but 
 where the gullet ttmclics the windpipe, there, to 
 fill up the circle is only a soft membrane, which 
 may easily give way t-o the dilatation of the gullet. 
 
 Ray. 
 
 Gri'stly. adj. [from gristie.] Cartila- 
 ginous ; made of gristle. 
 
 G R I 
 
 At last they spit out pieces of their lungi ; It 
 may be small gristly bits, that are eaten ot?' from 
 the lung-pipes. Harvey. 
 
 She has made theback-bone of several vertebra, 
 as being more fit to bend, more tough, and less 
 in dauger of breaking, than if they were all one 
 iniire bone without these ^mf/i/ junctures. More. 
 
 Fins are made of grUily spokes, or rays con- 
 nected by n:embranes ; so that they may "be con- 
 tracted or extended like women's fans. Ray. 
 
 They have a louder and stronger note than 
 other tiirds of the same bigness, which have only 
 a gristly windpipe. 
 
 Each pipe distiiigush'd by its gristly rings. 
 To cherish life aerial pasture brings. Blachttore. 
 GRIT. n.s. [gpytta, 5iteor, Sa.x.] 
 
 1. The coarse part of meal. ' * 
 
 2. Oats huskedj or coarsely ground. 
 
 3. Sand; rough hard pai tides. 
 
 Silesian bole, crackling a little betwixt the 
 teeth, yet without the least particle of gri(, feels 
 as smooth as soap. Grew. 
 
 1 he sturdy pear-tree here 
 Will rise luxuriant, and \vith toughest root 
 Pierce the obstsucting i^rit and restive marie. Phil. 
 
 4. Ch'ifs are fossils found in minute masses, 
 forming together a kind of powder ; the 
 several particles of which are of no de- 
 terminate shape, but seem the rudely 
 broken fragments of larger masses; not to 
 be dissolved or disunited by water, but 
 retaining their figure, and not cohering 
 into a mass. One sort is a fine, dull 
 looking, grey grit, which, if wetted with 
 salt water, into mortar or paste, dries al- 
 most immediately, and coalesces into a 
 hard stony mass, such as is not easily af- 
 terwards disunited by water. This is 
 the ptilvis petco/amis of the ancients, 
 mixed among their cements used in 
 buildings sunk into the sea; and in 
 France and Italy an ingredient in their 
 harder plaisters, under the name of poz- 
 zolane. It is common on the sides of 
 hills in Italy. Another species, which is 
 a coarse, beautifully green, dull grit, is 
 the chrifsocoUo of the ancients, which 
 they used in soldering gold, long sup- 
 posed a lost fossil. It serves the purpose 
 of foldering metals better than borax. 
 The ferrugineous black glittering grit, 
 is the black shining sand employed to 
 throw over writing, found on the shores 
 of Italy. Hill on Fossils. 
 
 Gri'ttiness. M.S. [{rom gritty.] Sandi- 
 ness; the quality of abounding in grit. 
 In fuller's-earth he could find no sand bv the 
 microscope, nor any ^ri(/i)(ess. Mortimer's Hnsb. 
 
 Gritty, adj. [from^riV.] Full of hard 
 particles ; consisting of grit. 
 
 I could not discern the unevemiess of the surface 
 
 of the powder, nor the little shadows let fall from 
 
 the gritty particles thereof. Neicton. 
 
 Gei'zelin. ad/, [more properly gridelin, 
 
 SeeGRiDELiN.] 
 
 The Burgundy, which is a ffrizelin or pale red, 
 uf all others, is surest to ripen in our climate. Tem. 
 
 GRIZZLE, n.s. [from gris gray; gris- 
 aille, Fr.] A mi.\ture of white and 
 black; gray. 
 
 O thou dissembling cub I what wilt thou be. 
 When time hath sow d a griss/eon thy face ? Shak. 
 
 Gri'zzled. adj. [from grizzle.] Inter- 
 spersed with gray. 
 To the hoy Caesar, send this frisiW head. Shak. 
 His beard was gi-iziled? 
 —It was as I have seen it in nislife. Shak Hamlet. 
 
 844
 
 G R O 
 
 His hair just giKfed, r , ^ i- 
 
 As in a green old age. Dryd. and Lee s Oedipus. 
 
 Those grizzled locks, which nature did provide 
 In plenteous growth their asses ears to hide. Viyd. 
 Gri'zzly. adj. [from gris, gray, Fr.] 
 Somewhat gray. 
 
 Living creatures generally do change their hair 
 ■with age, turned to be gray and white ; as is seen 
 in men, Ihoush some earlier, some later ; in horses 
 that arc dappled and turn white ; and in old squir- 
 rels, that turngri:;/y. Bacm. 
 
 To GROAN, t'. n. [gpairan, Sax. grontn, 
 Dut.] To breatlie with a hoarse noise, 
 as in pain or agony. 
 
 Blany an heir 
 Of these fair edifices, for my wars, 
 Have I heard i^oan and drop. Shakesp. Coriohnus. 
 Men groan from out of the city, and the soul of 
 tlie wounded crieth out. Job, s\iv. li. 
 
 Repenting and groaning for anguish of spirit. 
 
 Wisd. v. 3. 
 So shall the world go on. 
 To good malignant, to bad men benign. 
 Under her own weight groaning.ililtons Par. Lost. 
 Nothing can so peculiarly gratify the noble dis- 
 positions of humanity, as tor one man to see ano- 
 ther su much himself as to sigli his griefs and 
 groan his pains. Sottth. 
 
 Oil the blazing pile his parent lay. 
 Or a lov'd brother groan d his life away. Pope'sOd. 
 
 Groan, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Breath expired with noise and difficulty, 
 from pain, faintness , or weariness. 
 
 Alas, poor country. 
 Where sighs and gromis, and snrielts that rend 
 
 the air. 
 Are made, not raarli'd ! Shah. Macbeth. 
 
 I led to slaughter, and to slaughter leave ; 
 And ev'n from hence th^jr dying groans receive. 
 
 Vryden. 
 Hence aching bosoms wear a visage gay. 
 And stitied^roanifrequent the ball and piay.Yoitn^ 
 
 2. Any hoarse dead sound. 
 
 Such sheets of 6re,such bursts of liorrid thunder. 
 Such groans of roaring wind and rain, I never 
 Remember to have heard. Shahesp. K. Lear. 
 
 Gro'anful. atlj. [groan and full.] Sad; 
 agonizing. Not used. 
 
 Adown he kest it with so puissant wrest, 
 That back again it did aloft rebound. 
 And gave against his mother eartli a groanfnl 
 sound. Spenser. 
 
 Groat, n. s. [groot, Dut. grosso, Ital.] 
 
 1 . A piece valued at four-pence. 
 
 2. A proverbial name for a small sum. 
 
 i\Iy mother was wont 
 To call them woollen vassals, things created 
 To buy and sell with groats. Shak. Coriolanns. 
 
 I dare lay a groat, 
 A tertian ague is at least your lot. Dryd. Fables. 
 Imagine a persoii of qitality to marry a woman 
 much his inferior, and without a groat* to her fur- 
 tune. Swift. 
 
 3. Groats. Oats that have the hulls taken 
 off. Ainsuorth. 
 
 GRO'CER. n. s. [This should be written 
 grosser, from gross a large quantity ; a 
 grocer orignially being one who dealt by 
 wholesale ; or from grossus a fig, which 
 their present state seems to favour.] 
 
 A grocer is a man who buys and sells tea, sugar, 
 and plumbs and spices for gain. IlaHs's Logick. 
 
 Bui still the oft'spring of your brain shall prove 
 The grocer's care, and brave" the rage of Jove. 
 
 Garih. 
 
 Gro'cery. It.*, [from grocer.] Grocers 
 
 ■ware, such as tea ; sugar ; raisins ; spice. 
 
 His troops being now in a country where they 
 
 were not expected, met with many cart loads of 
 
 wine, grocery, and tobacco. Clarendon. 
 
 G R O 
 
 Gro'geRAM."! h.s. [gros, grain, Fr. 
 
 Gro'gram. > grossvgraiius,\o-w hat. 
 
 Gro'gRAN. J AiH.m'ortk.] Stuff 
 
 woven with large woof and a rough pile. 
 
 Cerles they're neatly cloth'd : 1 of this mind am. 
 Your only wearing is your grogcram. Donne. 
 
 Xatolia affords great store of chamelots and 
 grograms. Sandys. 
 
 Some men will say this habit of John's was 
 neither of camel's skni nor any coarse texture of 
 its hair, but rather some finer weave of camelot, 
 frojram, or the like. Brown. 
 
 'f he natural sn eelness and innocence of her be- 
 haviour shot me through and through, and did 
 moreexecutiunupoi: mein^rogramlhanthegrcatest 
 beauty intown had ever dunein brocade. Addison. 
 
 Plain goody would no longer down ; 
 'Twas madam in her grogram gown. Swift. 
 
 Groin, n. s. [Of uncertain derivation.] 
 The part next the thigh. 
 
 Antipleus, a Sonne af Priam, threw 
 His lance at Ajax through the preasse, » hich went 
 
 by him, and flew 
 On Leucus, wise Ulysses' friend : His groine it 
 smote. Chapman. 
 
 The fatal dart arrives. 
 And through the border of his buckler drives ; 
 Pass'd through and pierc'd his groin; the deadly 
 
 wound 
 Cast from his chariot, roll'd him on the ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gro'mwell. n. s. [Utkospermum, Lat.] 
 Groraill or graymill. A plant. Miller. 
 
 Groom, n.s. [grom, Dut.] 
 
 1 . A boy ; a waiter ; a servant. 
 
 Then called she a groom, that forth him led 
 Into a goodly lodge. Spenser. 
 
 From Egypt's kings amtrassadours they come ; 
 Them many a squire attends, and many a ^oom. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 Think then, ray soul ! that death is hut a groom 
 Which brings a taper to the outward room. Donne. 
 
 In the time of Edward VI. lived Slernhold, 
 whom King Henry his father had made ^room of 
 his chamber, for turning of certain of David's 
 psalms into verse, Peacham. 
 
 Would'st tliou be touch'd 
 By the presuming hands of saucy grooms? Dryden. 
 
 '.■\mid the fold lie rages, nor tlie sheep 
 Their sliepherds, nor the grooms their bulls can 
 keep. Dryden. 
 
 2. A young man. 
 
 I presume for to intreat this groom. 
 And silly maid, from danger to redeem. Fairfax. 
 
 3. A man newly married. 
 
 By this the brides are wak'd, their grooms are 
 dress'd ; 
 All Rhodes is summon'd to the nuptial feast. Dry. 
 
 Groove. /;. s. [from grai-e.] 
 
 1. A deep cavern, or hollow in mines. 
 
 He might, to avctid idleness, work in a groove 
 or mhie-pit thereabouts, which at tliat time was 
 little esteen^d. Boyle. 
 
 2. A channel or hollow cut w ith a tool. 
 
 The screw-plate is a kind c)f steel well tempered, 
 
 with several holes in it, each less than other ; and 
 
 in those holes are threads g.rooved inwards, which 
 
 grooves fit the respective taps that belong to them. 
 
 Moion's Mech. Exer. 
 
 To Groove, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cut hollow. 
 
 Of the box every jniiit was well grooved. Sirift. 
 
 To GROPE, y. w. [jp^ipan. Sax.] To 
 feel where one cannot see, 
 
 Mv sea-tirnwn scarf about me, in the dark 
 Gropd 1, to find out thfin. Shakesp, Hamlet. 
 
 We grope for the wall like tlie blind, aiid we 
 grope as if wc had no eyes. Is. lix. 10. 
 
 They meet with darkness in the clearest light ; 
 And grope at noon, a.s if in vol v'd with night. Sandi/. 
 
 A boy was groping for eels, and laid his hand 
 upon a snake. L'Estrange. 
 
 G R O 
 
 This, no doubt, is belter for n.en tlian that they 
 should in the dark ^ope after knowledge ; as St. 
 Paul tells us all nations did after God. La:ke. 
 
 He heard us in our course. 
 And with his outslretch'd arms around h'lmgrop'd. 
 
 Addtson. 
 O truth divine ! enlightcn'd by thy ray, 
 I grope and guess no more, but see niy way. Arbut. 
 
 To Grope, v.a. To search by feeling 
 in the dark ; to feel without being able 
 
 to see. 
 
 How vigilant to grope men's thoughts, and to 
 pick out somewhat whereof they might complain. 
 
 Hayvard. 
 
 They have left our endeavours to grope them out 
 by twilight, and by darkness almost to discover 
 that, whose existence is evinced by light. Broicn. 
 
 But Slrephon, cautious, never meant 
 The bottom of the p^i to grope. Suift. 
 
 Gro'per. n. s. [from grope.'] One that 
 
 searches in the dark, 
 GROSS, adj. [gros, Fr. grosto, Italian, 
 
 crasstis, Lat] 
 
 1. Thick ; bulky. 
 
 The crows and coughs, tliat wing the midway 
 air. 
 Shew scarce so gross as beetles. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 There are two gross volumes conceminc tiie 
 power of popes. Baker. 
 
 2. Shameful; unseemly; enormous. 
 
 He ripely considered how gross a thing it were 
 for men of his quality, wise and grave meii, to live 
 with such a multitude, and to be tenants at wili 
 under them. Booker. 
 
 They can say that in doctrine, in discipline, in 
 prayers, and in sacraments, the cliurch of Rome 
 hath very foul and ^oss corruptions. Hookxr. 
 
 So far hath the natural understanding, even of 
 s«ndry whole nations, been darkened, that they 
 have not discerned, no, not gnis iniquity to be sin. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 There is a vain and imprudent use of their es- 
 tates, which, though it does not destroy like|TtM 
 sins, yet disorders the heart, and supports it in 
 seosuality and dulness. Latt. 
 
 3. InteUectuaUy coarse ; palpable ; im- 
 pure; unrefined. 
 
 To all sense 'tis gross 
 You love my son : invention is asham'd. 
 Against tlie"proclamation of thy passion, 
 lo saiy thou do'st not. Shakesp, 
 
 Examples gross as earth exhort me. Shakesp. 
 Belial came last, than whom a spirit more lewd 
 Fell not from lieavcn, or more gross to love 
 Vice for itself. Milton's Par. Lea. 
 
 Is not religion so oerfectly good in itself, above 
 all, in its Author, that, without the grossest sen- 
 suality, we cannot but admire it ? Spratt. 
 It is a gross mistake of some men, to think that 
 our want only and imperfections do naturally in- 
 due* us to "be beneficent. Smalndge. 
 But she dates never boast the present hour, 
 Sogr.iss tlie cheat, it is beyond her pow'r. Young. 
 
 4. Inelegant ; disproportionate in bulk. 
 
 The sun's oppressive ray the reseat bloom 
 Of beauty blasting, gives the gloomy hue. 
 And feature ^n-oss." Thomson's Sximmcr. 
 
 5. Dense ; not refined ; not attenuated ; 
 not pure. 
 
 It is manifest, that when the eye standetli in tl.« 
 finer medium, and the object is in the grvmcr, 
 things shew greater; but contrariwise, when the 
 eye is placed in the grosser medium, and the ob- 
 ject in the finer. Bacon's \a(. Hitt. 
 
 Of elements. 
 The grosser feeds tlie purer ; earth the sea. 
 Earth and the sea feed air. Milton's Par. Left. 
 
 Light fumes are merry, grosser fumes are sad ; 
 Botirare the reasonable soul run mad. Dryd. Fab. 
 
 Or suck the mists in givsser air below. 
 Or dip their pinions in the painted bow. PofC 
 
 6. Stupid ; dull. 
 
 If she doth then the subtile seuse excel, 
 How grosi are tliey that drown her in her blood ? 
 
 815
 
 G R O 
 
 And in clear rlream and solemn vision, 
 Teillierof things that no ^t)ss ear can hear. Miltim. 
 
 Some men give more light and knowlege by the 
 bare stating uf the question with perspicuitj and 
 justness, tlian others by talking of it in ^oss con- 
 fusion for wliole liours together. Watts 
 
 7. Coarse; rough; opposite lo delicate. 
 
 Fine and delicate sculptures are helped witl 
 nearness, and gross with distance. WottonsArch 
 
 8. Thick; fat; bulky. 
 
 His stature was of just height and all propor- 
 tionate dimensions, avoiding the extremes of 
 gross and meager. Fell. 
 
 Gross, n. s. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. The main body ; the main force. 
 
 The Belgians hop'd, that with disorder'd haste, 
 The deep-cut keels upon the sands might run ; 
 
 Or, if with caution leisurely we past. 
 Their numerous gross might charge Ubone by one. 
 
 Drtfden. 
 
 Several casuists are of opinion, that, in a battle, 
 you should discharge upon thegross of the enemy, 
 without levelling your piece at an^' particular 
 person. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 The ^ross of the people can have no other pros- 
 pect in changes and revolutions than of puhlick 
 olessings. Addison. 
 
 2. The bulk; the whole not divided into 
 its several parts. 
 
 Certain general inducements are used to make 
 saleable your cause in gross. Hooker. 
 
 There was an opinion in gross, that the soul 
 was immortal. Abbot. 
 
 There is confession, that is, the acknowledging 
 our sins to God ; and this may be either general 
 or particular : The general is, when we only con- 
 fess in o-oss that we are sinful; the particular, 
 when we mention the several sorts and acts of our 
 sins. Duty of' Man. 
 
 Remember son. 
 You are a general : other wars require you ; 
 For see the Saxon gross begins to move. Drjjden. 
 
 Notwithstanding the decay and loss of sundry 
 trades and manufactures, yet, in the ^"oss, we ship 
 oft' now one third part more of the manufactures, 
 as also lead and tin, than we did tvrenty yt^ars 
 past. Child on Irade. 
 
 3. Nut individual; but a body tofrether. 
 
 He hath ribbons of all the colours i' th' rainbow ; 
 they come to him by the gross. Shakesp. 
 
 Icainiot instantly raise up the^oss 
 Of full three thousand ducats. Shakesp. 
 
 You see the united design of many persons to 
 make up one figure : after they hare separated 
 themselves in man3' petty divisions, they rejoin 
 one by one in a gross. Drtjd. 
 
 4. The chief part; the main mass. 
 
 Comets, out of question, have likewise power 
 and eftect over the gross and mass of things. Baco/i. 
 
 The articulate sounds are more confused, thoupli 
 the jOTossof the sound be greater. Bacon's Nat HiM. 
 
 5. The number of twelve dozen. [&05sp, 
 French.] 
 
 It is ma<ie up only of that simple idea of an 
 unit repeated ; and repetitions of thiskind, joined 
 together, make those distinct simple modes of a 
 dozen, a gross, and a million. Locke. 
 
 Gro'ssly. adv. [from gross.] 
 
 i, Bidkily; in bulky parts; coarsely; as, 
 
 this matter is grossly pidverized. 
 2. Without subtilty; without art; without 
 delicacy; without refinement ; coarsely; 
 palpably. 
 
 Such kind of ceremonies as have been so grosslu 
 and shamefully abused in the church of Rome, 
 whore tliL'y remain, are scandalous. Hooker. 
 
 Treason and murder ever kept together. 
 As two yoke devils sworn to others purpose ; 
 \^'orki^g so grossli^ in a natural cause, 
 That admiration did not wlioop at thcui. Shakesp. 
 
 And thine eyes 
 See it so grossly sliown in thy behaviour. 
 That in their kind they speak it. Shakesp. 
 
 What! are we cuckolds ere we havedeserv'd it. 
 —Speak nut bog'vssiy. Shak. Merch. of' Venice. 
 
 G R O 
 
 What I have said has been forced from roe, by 
 seeing a noble sort of poetry so happily restored 
 by one man, and so grossly copied by almost all 
 the rest. Dryden. 
 
 If I speak of light and rays as endued with co- 
 lours, I would be understood to speak not philo- 
 sophically and properly, but grossly, and accord- 
 ing to such conceptions as vulgar people would 
 be apt to frame. r^ewton s Opticks. 
 
 While it is so difhcult to learn the springs and 
 motives of some facts, it is no wonder they should 
 
 be so grossly misrepresented to the publick. by cu- 
 rious inquisitive heads. Swift. 
 
 Gro'ssness. 71. s. [from gross.] 
 
 Coarseness ; not subtilty ; thickness ; 
 spissitude; density; greatness of parts. 
 
 The purpose is perspicuous even as substance. 
 Whose £Tossn£ss little characters sum up. Shakesp. 
 
 And I will purge that mortal crossness so. 
 That thou shalt like an airy spirit go. Shakesp. 
 
 The cause of the epilepsy from the stomach is 
 the ^ossness of t lie vapours which rise and enter 
 into the cells of the brain. Bacoji. 
 
 Then all this earthly grossness quit ; 
 Attir'd with stars we shall fur ever sit, 
 Triumphing over death. Milton. 
 
 This being the first colour which vapours he- 
 gin to reflect, it ought to be the colour of the 
 hnest and most transparent skies, in which va- 
 pours are not arrived to that ^ossness requisite to 
 reflect other colours. Newton s Opticks. 
 
 For envy'd wit, like Sol ecUps'd, was known 
 Th' opposing body's ^-oss/iess, not its own. Pope. 
 
 2. Inelegant fatness ; unwieldy corpulence. 
 
 Wise men, that be over-fat and fleshy, go to so- 
 journ abroad at tlie temperate diet of some sober 
 man; and so, by little and little, eat away the 
 grossness that is in them. Aschain. 
 
 3. Want of refinement ; want of delicacy ; 
 intellectual coarseness. 
 
 1 was three or four times in the thought they 
 were not fairies; and yet the guiltiness of my 
 mind drove the grossness of the foppery into a re- 
 ceived belief that they were fairies. Shakes}). 
 
 Whatever beauties it may want, 'tis free at least 
 from the gi'ossness of those iaults 1 mentioned. -Dry. 
 
 What a gi-ossness is there Jn the mind of that 
 man, who thinks to reach a lady's heart by 
 wounding her ears ! Clarissa. 
 
 Grot. n. s. [grottey Fr. grotta, Ital.] A 
 cave; a cavern for coolness and pleasure. 
 
 In the remotest wood and Umely grot. 
 Certain to meet that worst of evils, thought. Prior. 
 Awful see the Egerian g^rof. Pope. 
 
 Grote'sque. adj. [grotesque^ Fr. grot- 
 itsco, Ital.] Distorted of figure, unna- 
 tural ; wildly formed. 
 
 The champaign head 
 Of a steep wilderness, whose hairy sides 
 With thicket overgrown, grotes^Kf and wild, 
 Access deny'd. Miltons Par. Lost. 
 
 There is yet a lower sort of poetry and painting, 
 w hich is out of nature ; for a farce is that in poetry 
 which grotesque is in a picture: the jiersons and 
 actions of a farce are all unnatural, and the man- 
 ners false, that is, inconsisting with the charac- 
 ters of mankind : grotesque painting is the just re- 
 semblance of this. Dryden 
 
 All hideous figure of tlielr fu( 
 Norlines, noriooks,nor sli 
 And tins grotesque desig: 
 view. 
 
 Palladian walls, Venetian doors 
 Grotesque roofs, and stucco floors. Pope. 
 
 Gro'tto. 71. s. [grottc, Fr.grotta. Ital.] 
 A cavern or cave made for coolness. It 
 is not used properly of a dark horrid 
 cavern. 
 
 Their careless chiefs lothe cool grottos run. 
 The bow'rs of kings, to shade them from the sun. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 This was found at the entry of the grotto in the 
 Peak. Woodward. 
 
 Grove, n.s. [^rora grave.'] A walk co- 
 vered by trees meeting above. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 f tlieir fues they drew, J 
 
 rsliades, nor colours true, ( 
 
 sign expos'd to publick f 
 
 Dryden. J 
 
 G R O 
 
 I look'd toward Birnam, and anon raethought 
 The wood began to move : 
 Within this three mile may you see it coming ; 
 I say, a raovir.g grove. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 Fortunate fields, and groves, and flowVy vales ; 
 Thrice happy isles ! Miltmt. 
 
 She left the flow'ry field, and waving ertwe. 
 
 Biackmore 
 Banish'd from courts and love, 
 Abandon'd truth seeks shelter in the grove. 
 
 Granville. 
 Can fierce passions vex his breast. 
 While every gale is peace, and every grove 
 Is raelodj ? Thomsons Sprtrtg. 
 
 To Grovel, v, n. [gt^ifde, Islandick, flat 
 on the face. It may perhaps come by 
 gradual corruption from ground /til.] 
 L. To lie prone; to creep low on the 
 ground. 
 
 The steel-head passage wrought, 
 And through his shoulder pierc'd; wherewith to 
 
 ground 
 He groveling fell, all gored in his gushing wound. 
 
 Spenser: 
 What see'st thou there? king Henry's diadem, 
 Inchas'd with all the honours of the world ! 
 If so, gaze on, and grovel on thy face. 
 Until thy head be circled with the same. Shak. 
 Oke mastand beech, and Cornell fruit they eate, 
 Oroveling like swine on earth, in fowlest sort. 
 
 Chapman. 
 
 Now they lie 
 
 Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire. Milt. 
 
 Upon thy heWy groveling thou shalt go. Milton. 
 
 Let us then conclude that all painters ought to 
 
 require this part of excellence : not to do it^ is to 
 
 want courage, and not dare to shew themselves : 
 
 'tis to creep and gi-ovel on the ground. Ih'yden. 
 
 2. To be mean ; to be without dignity or 
 
 elevation. 
 
 I must disclaim wha*e'er he can express ; 
 His grcneliug sense will shew my passion less. Dri/. 
 Several thoughts may be natural which are low 
 and groveling. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 GROUND, n. s, [jfiunb, Sax. gi^ondt, 
 Dan.] 
 
 1. The earth considered as superficially 
 extended, and therefore related to til- 
 lage, travel, habitation, or almost any ac- 
 tion. The main mass of terrene matter 
 is never called the ground. We never 
 distinguish the terraqueous globe into 
 g7'0U7id and water, but into earth, or 
 land, and water ; again, we never say 
 under earth, but under ground. 
 
 Israel shall go on dry ground through the sea. 
 
 Ex. xiv. 16. 
 Man to till the ground 
 None was, and from the earth a dewy misi 
 Went up, and water'd all the ground. Mtlton» 
 
 From the other hill 
 To their fix'd station, all in bright array, 
 Tlie cherubim descended, ou the groujid 
 Gliding meteorous. Milton. 
 
 A black bituiniuous gurge 
 Boils up from under ^rou/if/. Milton. 
 
 And yet so iximbly he would hound, 
 As if he scorn'd to touch the ground. Hudibras. 
 
 2. The earth as di.stinguished from air 
 and water. 
 
 I have made man and beast upon the ground. 
 
 Jeremiah. 
 
 There was a dew upon all the ground. Jwdo-.vr.40, 
 
 Thej' sumra'd their wings, and soaring th' air 
 
 subUme, 
 
 With clang despised the ground. Milton. 
 
 Too late youn^ Turnns the delusion found ; 
 Far on the sea, still making from the ground. Dry. 
 
 3. Land ; country. 
 
 I'he water breaks its bounds, 
 And overflows the level grounds, Hudibras, 
 
 4. Region ; territory, 
 
 846
 
 G R O 
 
 On Iieav'nly ground they stood, and from tne 
 shore ,,., 
 
 They ricw'd the vast immeasurable abyss. MM. 
 With tliese came they, who from tlie bord ring 
 flood 
 Of old Euphrates to the brook that parts 
 Egypt from Syrian ground, had eeneral names 
 or Baalim and Ashtaroth. Mittan's Par. Lost. 
 
 5. Estate ; possession. 
 
 Uneasy still within these narrow bounds. 
 Thy next design is on thy neiphbour's grounds: 
 His crop inrltes, to full perfection grown ; 
 Thy own seems thin, because it is thy own.Dryd. 
 
 6. Land occupied. 
 
 The sea o'erfluw'd my oToimd, 
 And my best Flanders mare was drown d. MMon. 
 
 7. The 'floor or level of the place. 
 
 Wherefore should I smite thee to the grmmd? 
 
 2 Snm. 11. 22. 
 Dagon was fallen on his face to the ground. 
 
 1 Sam. V. 4. 
 
 A multitude sit on the ground. Matt. xv. 35. 
 
 Some part of the month of June, the water of 
 
 this lake descends under ground, through many 
 
 ■ great holes at the bottom. Broun. 
 
 8. Dregs ; lees ; faces ; that which settles 
 at the bottom of liquors. 
 
 Set by them cyder, verjuice, sour drink, or 
 grounds. Mortimer. 
 
 Some insist upon having had particular success 
 in stopping gangrenes, from the use of the grounds 
 of strong beer, mixed up with bread or oatmeal. 
 Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 9. The first stratum of paint upon which 
 the figures are afterwards painted. 
 
 We see the limner to begin with a rude draught, 
 and the painter to lay his grounds with darksome 
 colours. Hakew. 
 
 When solid bodies, sensible to the feeling and 
 dark, are placed on light and transparent grounrfs, 
 as, for example, the heavens, the clouds and 
 waters, and every other thing which is in motion, 
 and void of different objects; they should bemore 
 rough, and more distinguishable, than that with 
 which they are encompassed. Dryd. Dufremoy. 
 
 10. The fundamental substance; that by 
 which the additional or accidental parts 
 are supported. 
 
 O'er his head 
 A well-wrought heaven of silk and gold was spread 
 Azure l\u: ground, the sun in gold shone bright. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Indeed it was but just that the finest lines in 
 
 nature should be drawn upon the most durable 
 
 givund. Pope. 
 
 Then, wrought into the soul, let virtues shine, 
 
 The ^roiiiK? eternal, as the work divine. Young. 
 
 11. The plain song; the tune on which 
 descants are raised. 
 
 Get a prayer-book in your hand. 
 And stand between twuchurchmen, good my lord 
 For on that ^rou7irf I'll build a holy descant. Shah. 
 
 12. First hint; first traces of an inven 
 tion ; that which gives occasion to the 
 rest. 
 
 Though jealousy of state th' invention found. 
 Yet love refiu'il upon the former ground ; 
 That way the tyrant had reserv'd to fly. 
 Pursuing hate, now sery'd to bring two "lovers nigh. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 13. The first principles of knowledge. 
 The concords will easily he known, if the fore- 
 
 grounds be thoroughly beaten in.Pref .to Accidence. 
 
 Here statsmcn, orof them th.-y which can read. 
 May of their occupation find the grounds. Donne. 
 
 'The grounds are already laid whereby that is un- 
 questionably resolved ; for having granted that 
 God gives suflicient grace, yet when he co-operates 
 most ert'ectually, he doth itnot irresistibly. 
 
 Rammond. 
 
 After evening repasts, 'till bed-time, their 
 thoughts will be best taken up in the easy grounds 
 of religion, and the story of scripture. iVI[7(o?i. 
 
 14. The fundamental cause; the true rea- 
 son ; original principle. 
 
 G R O 
 
 He desired the steward to tell him particularly 
 the ground and event of this accident. .Sidney. 
 
 ^Iaking happiness the ^ound of his unhappiiiess 
 and good news the argument of his sorrow Sidney. 
 
 The use and benefit of good laws all that live 
 under them may enjoy with delight and comfort, 
 albeit the grounds and first original causes from 
 whence they have sprung be unknown. Hooka: 
 
 In the solution of the .Sabbatizcr's objection, 
 my method shall be, to examine, in the first place, 
 the main grounds and principles upon which he 
 buildeth. White. 
 
 Thou could'st not have discern'd 
 Fraud in the serpent, speaking as he spake, 
 ^oground of enmity between us known. MiUon. 
 
 Nor dill either of them ever tliink fit to make 
 any particular relation of the grounds of their pro- 
 ceedings, or the causes of their misadventures. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 Sound judgment is thc^ownd of writing well. 
 
 Rosconnnon. 
 
 Love once given from her, and plac'd in you. 
 Would leave no ground I ever would be true. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 It is not easy to imagine how any such tradition 
 could arise so early, and spread so universally, if 
 there were not a real ground for it. Wilkins. 
 
 If it he n.aturai, ought we not to conclude that 
 there is some ^ound and reason for these fears, 
 and that nature hath not planted them in us to no 
 purpose. Tillotson. 
 
 Thus it appears, that suits at law are not sinful 
 in themselves, but may lawfully be used, if there 
 is no unlawfulness in the ground and way of ma- 
 nagement. Rettlewell. 
 
 Upon that prince's death, although the grounds 
 of our quarrel with France had received no man- 
 ner of addition, yet this lord thought fit to alter 
 his sentiments. Swijt. 
 
 I'he miraculous increase of the professors of 
 Christianity was without any visible grounds and 
 cause, and contrary to all human probability and 
 appearance. _ Atterbury. 
 
 15. The field or place of action. 
 
 Here was thy end decreed, when these men rose ; 
 And ev'n with theirs this act thy death did bring. 
 Or hasten'd at the least upon this ground. Daniel. 
 
 16. The space occupied by an army as 
 they fight, advance, or retire. 
 
 At length the left wing of the Arcadians began 
 to lose ground. Sidney. 
 
 Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their 
 ground, 
 Whileour's with easy victory were crown'd.Dri/rf. 
 
 He has hist ground at the latter end of the day , by 
 pursuing his point too far, like the prince of Conde 
 at the battle of Senetfe. Dryd. Fables, Preface. 
 
 17. The intervening space between the 
 flyer and pursuer. 
 
 Ev'ning mist, 
 Ris'n from a river, o'er the marish glides. 
 And gathers ground fast at the labourer's heels. 
 Homeward returning. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Superiors think it a detraction from their merit 
 to see another get ground upon them, and overtake 
 them in the |)ursuits of glory. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Even whilst we speak our conqueror comes on, 
 And gathers ground upon us every moment. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 18. The state in which one is with respect 
 to opponents or competitors. 
 
 Had'st thou sway'd as kings should do. 
 Giving no ground unto the house of \ork. 
 They never then had sprung. Shak. Hen. VI. 
 
 If they yet ground and 'vantage of the king, 
 Then joiiryou witli them like a rib of steel. 
 To make them stronger. Shak. Henry IV. 
 
 He will stand his ground against all the attacks 
 that can be made upon his probity. Atterbury. 
 
 Whatever ground we may have gotten upon our 
 enemies we have gotten none upon our vices, the 
 worst enemies of the two ; but are even subdued 
 and led captive by the one, while we triumph so 
 gloriously over the others. Atterbury. 
 
 19. State of progress or recession. 
 
 G R O 
 
 I liave known so many great examples of tins 
 cure, and heard of its being so familiar in Austria, 
 that 1 wonder it has gained no more ground in 
 other places. Temple. 
 
 The squirrel is perpetually turning the wheel i» 
 her cage : she runs apace, and wearies herself with 
 lier continual motion, and gets no ground. Dryd. 
 
 20. The foil to set a thing off. 
 
 Like bright metal on a sullen ground. 
 My reformation glittering o'er my fault, 
 Sliall shew more goodly, and attract more eyes, 
 Than that which hath no foil to set it oflT. Shak. 
 
 To Ground, v. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To fix on the ground. 
 
 2. To found, as upon cause, reason, or 
 principle. 
 
 Wisdom groundeth her laws upon an infallible 
 rule of comparison. Hooker, 
 
 The church of England, walking in the good 
 and old way of the orthodoxai priiuilive fathers, 
 groundeth the religious observation of the Lord's 
 day, and of otlier Christian holidays, upon the 
 natural e(|uity, and not upon the letter of the 
 fourth commandment. While. 
 
 It may serve us to ground conjectures more ap- 
 proaching to the truth than we have hitherto met 
 with. . Boyle. 
 
 If your own actions on your will yougroumf. 
 Mine shall hereafter know no other bound. Dryd. 
 
 Some eminent spirit having signalized his va- 
 lour, becomes to have influence on the people, t'-> 
 grow their leader in warlike expeditions; and 
 this is grounded upon the principles of nature and 
 common reason, which, where prudence and cou- 
 rage are required, rather incite us to fly to a single 
 person than a multitude. Swift. 
 
 3. To settle in first principles or rudiments 
 of knowledge. 
 
 Being rooted and grounded in love.Eph. iii. 17. 
 
 Ground. The preterite and part. pass. 
 of grind. 
 
 rtow dull and rugged ere 'tisground 
 
 And polish'd, looks a diamond. Hudibra$. 
 
 Ground is much used in composition for 
 
 that which is next the ground, or near 
 
 the ground. 
 Gro'und-ash.m. s. Asaplinofashtaken 
 
 from the ground ; not a branch cut from 
 
 a tree. 
 
 A lance of tough ground-ash the Trojan threw, 
 Hough in the rind, and knotted as it grew. 
 
 Dryd. .Xn. 
 
 Some cut the young ashes oflF about au inch 
 above the ground, which causes them to make 
 very large straight shoots, which they call ground- 
 ns/j^ Mortimer s Hnsb. 
 
 Gro'uND-BAIT. w. *. [from ground and 
 bait.] A bait made of barley or malt 
 boiled; which, being tlirown into the 
 place where you design to angle, sinks 
 to the bottom, and draws the fish to it. 
 
 Take the depth of t!ie plaee where you mean 
 after to cast your ground-bait, and to fish. 
 
 H'olron's Angler. 
 
 GRo'UND-FLOOR.n..5.[g-)'0!""/and^ooc.] 
 
 The lower story of a house. 
 Ground-ivy. n. s. [hedua tcneslrit, 
 
 Lat.] Alehoof, or tunhoof. 
 Alehoof or ground hi/ is, in my opinion, of the 
 
 most excellent use aiid'virtue of any plants anion.' 
 
 us. lonpU. 
 
 Ground-oak. ii.s. [ground and oak.] 
 
 If the planting of oaks were more in use for 
 underwoods, it would spoil the cooper's trade for 
 the making of hoops, either of hasel or ash ; be- 
 cause one noop made of the young shoots of a 
 grouud-iw/t, would outlast six of theljest ash. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Gro'und-pine. n.s. [chamcepiti/s, Lat] 
 A plant. 
 
 847
 
 G R O 
 
 The wliole plant lias a very singular smell, re- 
 sembling that of resin; whence its name gnnmd- 
 p'me. It grows on dry and barren iiills, and in 
 some |ilaces on the ditch banks by road sides. Hi//. 
 Gro'und-PLATE. n. s. [In architecture.] 
 Tlie outermost pieces of timber lying on 
 or near the ground, and framed into 
 one anotlier with mortises and tennons. 
 In these also are mortises made to re- 
 ceive the tennons of the joists, the sum- 
 mer and girders ; and sometimes the 
 trimmers for the stair-case and chimney- 
 way, and the binding joist. Harris. 
 In the orthographical schemes there should be 
 a true delineation, if it be a timber building, of 
 tlie several sizes of the ground plates, breast sum 
 mers, and beams. Mortimer 
 
 Gro'und-plot. n. «. 
 
 1. The groimd on which any building is 
 placed. 
 
 Wretched Gynecia, where can'st thou find any 
 small ground-plot for hope to dwell upon > Sidiici). 
 
 A ground-plot square live hives of bees contams ■ 
 Emblems of industry and virtuous gains. Harte. 
 
 2. The ichnography of a building. 
 Gro'und-RENT. n.s. Rent paid for the 
 
 privilege of building on another man's 
 
 ground. 
 
 A foot in front, and thirty-three five-sevenths 
 
 deep, would bring in agrounrf-rent of five pounds. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 The site was neither granted him, nor giv'n;^ 
 
 'Twas nature's, and the ground-rent due to Heav n. 
 
 Harte. 
 
 Gro'und-Room. 71. s. A room on the 
 level with the ground. 
 
 I beseeched him hereafter to meditate in a 
 ground-room; for that otherwise it would be im- 
 possible for an artist of any other kind to live near 
 liim. Tatler. 
 
 Gro'ondedly. adv. [from grounded.] 
 Upoti firm principles. 
 
 He hath given the first hint of speaking^diHid- 
 edly, and to the purpose, upon this subject.G/uno. 
 
 GRO'UNDLESS.flfZ/. [?rom grou7id.] Void 
 of reason ; wanting ground. 
 
 But when vain doubt and groundless fear 
 Do that dear foolish bosom tear. Prior. 
 
 We have great reason to look upon the high 
 pretensions which the Roman church makes to 
 miracles as groundless, and to reject her vain and 
 fabulous accounts of them. Atterbury. 
 
 The party who dislinguisli themselves by their 
 zeal for the present establishment, should be care 
 fid to discover such a reverence for religion, as 
 may shew how groundless that reproach is which 
 is cast upim them, of being averse to our national 
 ■worship. Freeholder. 
 
 Gro'undlessly. adj. [from growidliss.] 
 
 Without reason; without cause ; without 
 
 just reason. 
 
 Divers persons have produced the like hy spirit 
 of vitriol, orjuice of lemons ; but have groundtesslii 
 ascribed the eflect to some peculiar qualiiy of 
 those two liquors. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 Gro'undlessness. n.s. [(rom ground- 
 less.] Want of just reason. 
 
 He durst not cite the words either of my book 
 or sermons, lest the reader should have discovered 
 the notorious falsehood aiid groundlessness of his 
 calumny. Tilhtson. 
 
 Gro'undling. U.S. [from ground.] A 
 fish which keeps at the bottom of the 
 water : hence one of the low vulgar. 
 
 Hanmer 
 
 It offends me to the soul, to hear a robusleous 
 perriwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to 
 ▼cry rags, to split the ears of the groundlings. 
 
 Shah. Hamlet. 
 
 G R O 
 
 Gro'undly. adv. [from ground.] Upon 
 principles ; solidly ; not superficially. 
 Not in use. 
 
 A man, growidlt/ learned already, may take 
 much profit himself, in using by epitome to draw 
 other men's works, for his own mejnorysake, into 
 .■shorter room. Ascham. 
 
 (JRO'UNDSEL. 71. s. [jnund and pie the 
 basis, Sax. perhaps from sella, Lat.] The 
 timber or raised pavement next the 
 ground. 
 
 The window-frame Iiath every one of its lights 
 rabbetted on its outside about half an inch into 
 the frame; and all these rabbets, but that on the 
 groundsel, are grooved square ; but the rabbet on 
 the groundsel is levelled downwards, that rain or 
 snow may the freelier fall off. Moxou, 
 
 Gro'undsel. 71. s. {senecio, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Gro'undwork. n.s. [groimd a.i\(liW07-h.] 
 I. The ground ; the first stratum ; the first 
 
 part of the whole ; that to which the 
 
 rest is additional. 
 
 A way there is in heav'n's expanded plain, 
 Which, when the skies are clear, is seen below, 
 And mortals by the name of milky know ; 
 The groundwork is of stars. Drydens Fables. 
 
 ■2. The first part of an undertaking ; the 
 fundamentals. 
 
 The main skill and groundwork will be to tem- 
 per them such lectures and e-xplantations, upon 
 every opportunity, as may lead and draw them 
 in wdling obedience. Milton. 
 
 3. First principle; original reason. 
 
 The groundwork thereof is nevertheless true and 
 certain, however they through ignorance disguise 
 the same, or through vanity. Spen. State of Ireland. 
 
 The moral is the first business of the poet, as 
 being the groundwork of his instruction. Dryden. 
 
 Group, n.s. [gi-ouppe, Fr. groppo, Ital.] 
 A crowd ; a cluster ; a hurdle ; a number 
 thronged together. 
 
 In a picture, besides the principal figures which 
 compose it, and are placed in the midst of it, there 
 are less groups or knots of figures disposed at pro- 
 per distances, which are parts of the piece, and 
 seem to carry on the same design in a more in- 
 ferior manner. Dryden's Dujt'resnoy. 
 
 I cannot doubt but the poet had here in view 
 the picture of Zetus, in the famous group of figures 
 which represents the two brothers binding Dirce 
 to the horns of a mad bull. Addism. 
 
 You should try your graving tools 
 On this odious group of fools. Swift. 
 
 To Group, v. a. [groupper, Fr.] To put 
 into a crowd ; to huddle together. 
 
 The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, 
 as the painters term it, in grouping such a multi- 
 tude of different objects, preserving still the jus- 
 tice and conformity of stile and colouring. Prior. 
 
 Grouse, ti.s. A kind of fowl ; a heath- 
 cock. 
 
 The 'squires in scorn will fly the house 
 For better game, and look for grouse. Swift. 
 
 Grout, n.s. [sjiut, Sax. In Scotland 
 they call it groats.] 
 
 G R O 
 
 To GROW. v.n. -preter. grew ; part. pass. 
 grou'n. [jpopan. Sax. groyen, Dut.] 
 , To vegetate ; to have vegetable motion ; 
 to increase by vegetation. 
 
 It is not the growing of fruit that nourish man ; 
 but it is thy word which preserveth them. 
 
 Wisd. xvi. 26. 
 
 He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and 
 herb for the service of man. Ps. civ. 14. 
 
 2. To be produced by vegetation. 
 
 In this country gj'ouet/i abundance of that wood, 
 which since is brought into Europe to die red co- 
 lours. Abbot. 
 
 A bag, that groweth in the fields, at the first is 
 hard like a tennis-ball, and white ; and after 
 groweth of a mushroom-colour, and full of ligh't ■ 
 dust. Bacon's Nat. Hist, 
 
 But say, where grows the tree ? from hence how 
 far ? Milttm. 
 
 In colder regions men compose 
 Poison with art ; but here it grows. Waller. 
 
 Those tow'rsof oak o'er fertile plains mightgo, 
 And visit mountains where they once did grow. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 3. To shoot in any particular form. 
 
 Children, like tender osiers, take the bow ; 
 And as they first are fashion'd, alwa^ys grow. 
 
 Dryden's Juv. 
 
 4. To increase in stature. 
 
 I long with all my heart to see the prince ; 
 1 hope Tie is much grown since last I saw him. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 The poor man had nothing, save one little ewe- 
 Iamb, which he had bought and rear'd up ; and 
 it grew up together with him and with his chil- 
 dren. ^ Sam. xii. 3. 
 
 5. To come to manhood from infancy]; 
 commonly followed by tip. 
 
 Now the prince groweth up fast to be a man, and 
 is of a sweet and excellent disposition. 
 
 Bacon's Advice to Villiers. 
 
 Tlie main thingto be considered, in every action 
 of a child, is how it will become him when lie is 
 bigger, and whither it will lead him when le is 
 grown up. lytcke. 
 
 We are brought into the world children, igno- 
 rant and impotent ; and we grow up in vanity and 
 folly. _ Wake. 
 
 6. To issue, as plants from a soil, or as 
 branches from the main trunk. 
 
 They will seem not struck into him, but grouing 
 out of him. Dryden's JEneid, Dedication. 
 
 7. To increase in bulk ; to become greater, 
 or more numerous. 
 
 Bones, after full growth, continue at a stay : as 
 for nails they g)-ow continually. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 Then their numbers swell, 
 
 Denham. 
 
 1. Coarse meal; pollard. 
 
 King Hardicnutc, 'midst Danes and Saxons 
 stout, 
 Carous'd in nut-brown ale, and din'd on grout : 
 Which dish its p.-istine honour still retains. 
 When each prince is crown'd in splendour reigns. 
 
 King. 
 
 2. That which purges off. 
 
 Sweet honey some condense, some purge the 
 grout ; 
 The rest, in cells apart, the liquid nectar shout. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 3. A kind of wild apple. [Agriomelum, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 And grow upon us. 
 
 Divisions grow upon us, by neglect of practick 
 duties : as every age degenerated from primitive 
 piety, they advanced in nice enquiries. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 8. To improve ; to make progress. 
 
 Givw in grace, and in the knowledge of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 'i Pet. iii. 18. 
 
 He then dispensed his best of legacies, his 
 blessings ; most jiassionately exhorting the youne 
 growing hopes of the family. _ FeU. 
 
 As lie gretv forward in years he was trained up 
 to learning, under one Pronapides, who taught 
 the Pelasgick letter invented by Linus. Popt. 
 
 9. To advance to any state. 
 
 Nature, as it grows again towards earth. 
 Is fashion'd for the journey dull and heavy. Shah. 
 
 T'hev doubted wliereunto this would grow. 
 ■^ Acts, V. 24. 
 
 The king, by this time, was grown to such an 
 height of reputation for cunning and policy, that 
 every accident and event that went well was laid 
 and imputed to his foresight. Bacm. 
 
 But when to ripen'd manhood he shall gr<m',1 
 The greedy sailor slrall the seas forego. Dryden. 
 
 10. To come by degrees; to reach any 
 state gradually. 
 
 After they grew to rest upon number, rather 
 competent than vast, they grew to advantages of 
 
 848
 
 G R O 
 
 place, cunuiiig diversions, and tlielike; and they 
 grew more skiFful in the ordering of their battles. 
 Bacon s Eisaus. 
 
 Verse, or the other harmony of prose, 1 have su 
 long studied and practised, tiiat ihey ate grown 
 into a habit, and become fainiUar to me. Dryden. 
 
 The trespasses of people are groun up to heaven, 
 and their sins are got bejoud ail restraints of law 
 and authority. Ro-^ers. 
 
 11. To come forward; to gather ground. 
 
 Some seeing the end of their government nigli, 
 and troublous practice growing up, which may 
 work trouble to the next goveniour, will not at- 
 tempt redress. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 It was now the beginning of October, and Win- 
 ter began to grow fast on : great rain, with ter- 
 rible thunder and lightning, and mighty tempests, 
 then fell abundantly. Knolles. 
 
 12. To be changed from one state to an- 
 other ; to become either better or worse ; 
 
 to turn. 
 
 A good man's fortune may grow out at lieels. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 Scipio >Jasica feared lest, if the dread of that 
 enemy were taken away, tlie Romans would grow 
 either to idleness or civil dissension. Abbot. 
 
 Hence, hence, and to some barbarous climate fly, 
 Which only brutes in human form does yield. 
 And man grows wild in nature's common field. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal frignt, 
 Spent with thelabour of so long a flight. D»ydni. 
 
 Patient uf command 
 In time he grew ; and growing us'd to hand-. 
 He waited at his master's board for food. Dryden. 
 
 We may trade and be busy, and grow pour by 
 it, unless we regulate our expences. Locke. 
 
 You will grow a thing contemptible, milcss you 
 can supply the loss of beauty with more durable 
 qualities. Swift. 
 
 Delos, by being reckoned a sacred place, grew 
 to be a free port, where nations warring traded, 
 as in a neutral country. Arbuthnot. 
 
 By degrees the vain, deluded elf. 
 Crew out of humour with his former self. Harte. 
 
 13. To proceed as from a cause or reason. 
 
 What will grow out of such errours, as masked 
 under the cloak uf divine authority, impossible it 
 is that ever the wit of man shuuld imagine, 'till 
 time have brought forth the fruits of them. Hooker. 
 
 Shall we set light by that custom of readins, 
 from whence so precious a benefit hath grown ? 
 
 Hooka . 
 
 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this : w by 
 should damage grow to the hurt of the king ? 
 
 Hence grows that necessary distinction of tlie 
 saints on earth and the saints In heaven j the first 
 belonging to the militant, the second to the tri- 
 umphant church. Peurson. 
 
 Ilie want of trade in Ireland proceeds from 
 the want of people ; and this is nut grown from 
 auy ill qualities of the climate or air, out chiefly 
 from so many wars. Temple. 
 
 14. To accrue ; to be forthcoming. 
 
 Ev'n just the sum that I do owe to you, 
 Is growing to me by Antiphuiis. Shakesp. 
 
 lo. To adhere; to stick together. 
 
 Honour and policy, like uusever'd friends, 
 1' th' war do grow together. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 The frog's mouth grows up, and he coiitinues so 
 for at least six months withuut eating. Walton. 
 
 In burnings and scaldings the fingers would 
 many times grow together ; the chin would grow 
 to the breast, and the arms to the sides, were they 
 not hindered. Wisemans Surgf^y^ 
 
 16. To swell : a sea term. 
 
 Mariners are used to the tumbling and rolling 
 of ships from side to side, when the sea is never 
 so little groiL-n. Raleigh. 
 
 17. The general idea given by this word 
 is procession or passage from one state 
 to another. It is always change, but 
 not always increase; for a thing may 
 grow less, as well as grow greater. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 G R O 
 
 Gro'wer. 71. s. [from grow.'] An increaser. 
 
 It will grow to a great hign«tss, being the quickest 
 grower ofany kind of elm Mortimer. 
 
 To Growl, v.n. [groHeUy Flem.] 
 
 1, To snarl or murmur like an angry cur. 
 They roam amid' the fury of their heart, 
 
 And growl their horrid loves. Thomson s Spring. 
 
 Dogs in this country are of the size of common 
 
 niastitfs, and by nature never bark, but growl 
 
 when they are provoked. Ellis. 
 
 2. To murmur ; to grumble. 
 
 Othello, nciolibours — how he wou.u roar about 
 a foolish handkerchief! and then he would growl 
 so manfully. Gay. 
 
 Grown. The participle passive o£ grow. 
 
 1 . Advanced in growth. 
 
 2. Covered or filled by the growth of any 
 thing, 
 
 I went by the field of the slothful, and by the 
 vineyard ot the man void of understanding ; and 
 lo, it was all ^rown over with thorns, and nettles 
 had covered the face thereof. Proverbs. 
 
 3. Arrived at full growth or stature. 
 
 I saw lately a pair of China shoes, w hich I was 
 told were for a grown woman, that would scarce 
 have been big etiough for one ot our little girls. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Growth, n.s, [from groivn.] 
 
 1. Vegetation ; vegetable life ; increase of 
 vegetation. 
 
 Deep in the palace of long growth there stood 
 A laurel's trunk uf venerable wood. Dryden s JEn 
 
 Those trees tliat have the slowest growth, are, 
 for that reason, of the longest continuance. Atterb, 
 
 2. Product; production; thing produced; 
 act of producing. 
 
 Forbidding every bleak unkindly fog 
 To touch the prosperous growth of this tall wood 
 
 Milton 
 Our little world, tlie ima^e of the great 
 
 Of her own 
 
 r 
 
 rth haih all tliat nature craves. 
 
 And all that's rare, as tribute from the waves. Wall. 
 
 The trade of a country arises from the native 
 growths of the soil or seas. Temple. 
 
 1 had thought, for the honour of our nation, 
 that the knight's tale was of English growth, and 
 Chaucer's own. Dryden. 
 
 ;J. Increase in number, bulk, or frequency. 
 
 What I have tried, or thought, or heard upon 
 tliis subject, may go a great way in preventing the 
 growth o( this disease, where it is but new. Tnnplc. 
 
 4. Increase of stature; advance to matu- 
 rity. 
 
 They say my son of York 
 Has almost overta'en him in his growth. Shakesp. 
 
 The stag, now conscious of his fatal growth, 
 To some dark covert bis retreat had made. Denh. 
 
 Though an animal arrives at its full growth at a 
 certain age, perhaps it never cumes to its full bulk 
 'till the last period of life. Arhuth. on .4/i. 
 
 If parents should be daily calling upon God in a 
 solemn, deliberate manner, altering and extending 
 their intercessions, as the state aaa growth of their 
 children required, such devotion would have a 
 mighty influence upon the rest of their lives. 
 
 La; 
 
 5. Improvement; advancement. 
 
 It grieved David's religious mind to consider 
 the growth of his own estate atid dignity, the af- 
 fairs of religion continuing still in the former 
 manner. Hooker. 
 
 Gro'wthead. \n.s. [from gross or great 
 Gro'wtnol. j head ; capito, I^t] 
 
 1. A kind of fish. A'lnsworth. 
 
 2. An idle lazy fellow. Obsolete. 
 
 Though sleeping one hour refresheth his snng, 
 Yet trust not Hob growthead for sleeping too long. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 To GRUB. v.a. [graban, preter. grab to 
 
 dig, Gothick.] To dig up ; to destroy 
 
 G R U 
 
 by digging ; to root out of the ground ; 
 to eradicate by throwing up out of the 
 
 soil. 
 
 A foolish heir caused all the bushes and hedges 
 about his vineyard to bt- grubbed up. UEUraime. 
 
 Forest land, 
 From whencelhesurly ploughman ^ruiw the wood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The grubbing up of woods and trees may be 
 very needful, upon the account of their unlhrifti- 
 ness. .Mortimer. 
 
 As for the thick woods, which not only Virgil 
 but Homer mentions, they are most of them 
 grubbed up, siiice the promontory has been culti- 
 vated and inhabited. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Grub, n. s. [from grubbing, or mining.] 
 
 1 . A small worm that eats holes in bodies. 
 
 There is a diilerence between a grub and a but- 
 terfly, and yet your butterfly was a grub. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 New creatures rise, 
 A moving mass at first, and short of thighs ; 
 'Till shooting out with legs, and imp'd with wings. 
 The grubs proceed to bees with pointed stings. 
 
 Dryd. 
 The grub 
 Oft uuobser\''d, invades the vital core ; 
 Pernicious tenant! and her secret cave 
 Enlarges hourly, preying on the pulp 
 Ceaseless. Philips. 
 
 2. A short thick man ; a dwarf. In con- 
 tempt. 
 
 John Roraane, a shortcIownish^iA, would bear 
 the whole carcase of an ox, yet never tugged with 
 hijn. Carew. 
 
 To Gru'bble. t\n, [gjmhelen, Germ, 
 from grub.] To feel in the dark. 
 
 Thou hast a colour ; 
 Now let me rowl and grubhle thee : 
 Blind men say white reels smooth, and black feels 
 
 rough : 
 Thou hast a rugged skin ; I do not like thee. Dryd. 
 
 Gru'bstreet. n. s. Originally the name 
 of a street, near Moorfields in London, 
 much inhabited by writers of small 
 histories, dictionaries, and temporary 
 poems ; whence any mean production 
 is called grubsireet. 
 
 ' AffTctalui; Tctv tioaq IxafopLat, 
 
 The first part, though calculated only for the 
 meridian of grubstreett was yet taken notice of by 
 the better sort. _ Arbuthnot. 
 
 I'd sooner ballads wnte» and grub^ect lays. 
 
 'Gay. 
 
 To GRUDGE, v.a, [from gruger, accord- 
 ing to SkhiJterj which in French is to 
 grind or eat. In this sense we say of one 
 who resents any thing secretly he chews 
 it, Grwgnachy in ^Velsh, is to murmur ; 
 to grumble. Gninighj in Scotland, de- 
 notes a gi'imibling morose countenance.] 
 1. To envy ; to see any advantage of an»j- 
 ther with discontent 
 
 What means thisbanishingme from your counsels? 
 
 Do you love vour sorrow so well, as to grudge me 
 
 part oF it ? Suiney. 
 
 *Tis not in ihee 
 
 To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shaf:, 
 
 He stru^gfes into birth, and cries for aid ; 
 Then helpless in his mother's lap is laid : 
 He creeps, he walks ; and, issuing into man. 
 Grudges tlieir life from whence his own be^ian. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Fhcse clamours with disdain he heard, 
 iMuch grudgd the praise, but more tlie rob'd re- 
 ward. Drvden 
 Do not, as some men, run upon the tilt, and 
 taste of the sediments of ^grudging unconimiiDi- 
 calive disposition. Spectator. 
 
 5Q 84:^
 
 G 11 X 
 
 Let us consider the inexliausted treasures oi the 
 ocean j and thoagli some have grudged the great 
 share that it takes of the surface of the earth,' yet 
 we shall propose this too, as a conspicuous mark 
 and cliaracter of the wisdom of Goa. Bentleij. 
 
 1 Iiave often heard tlie Preshyterians say they 
 did not grudge us our employments. Suijt. 
 
 2. To give or take unwillingly. 
 
 Let lue at least a funeral niarriage crave. 
 Nor oTiirfge my cold embraces in the grave. Dri/dfn. 
 
 They have grudged those conlributions, which 
 have set our country at the liead of all the govern- 
 niCTits of Kurope. Addison. 
 
 To Grudge, v. n. 
 
 1. To murmur; to repine. 
 
 They knew the force of that dreadful curse, 
 whereunto idolatry maketh subject ; nor is there 
 cause why the guilty sustaining the same should 
 ^-T«/^e or complain of injustice. Hooker. 
 
 We do not grudge or repine at our portion, but 
 are contented with those Circumstances which the 
 providence of God hath made to be our lot. 
 
 Nelson. 
 
 2. To be unwilling ; to be reluctant. 
 
 Many times they eo with as great grudgijig to 
 serve in his Majesty s ships, as if it were to be 
 slaves in the gallies. Raleigh. 
 
 You steer betwixt the country and the court, 
 Nor gratify whate'er the great desire. 
 Nor grudging give what publick needs require. 
 
 Drydens Fables. 
 
 3. To be envious. 
 
 Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest 
 ye be condemned. James, v. 9. 
 
 4. To wish in secret. A low word. 
 
 E'en in the most sincere advice he gave, 
 He had a grudging still to be a knave. Dryden. 
 
 5. To give or have any uneasy remains. 
 I know not whether the word in this 
 sense be not rather grtigeons, or remains; 
 grugeons being the part of corn that 
 remains after the fine meal has passed 
 the sieve. 
 
 Rly Dolabella, 
 Hast thou not still some grudgings of thy fever? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Grudge, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Old quarrel ; inveterate malevolence ; 
 sullen malice. 
 
 Many countries about ber were full of wars, 
 wliich, for old grudges to Corinth, were thought 
 still would conclude there. Sidney. 
 
 Two housholds, both alike in dignity. 
 From ancient grudge break to new mutiny. 
 Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. SW;. 
 
 Let me go in to see the generals : 
 Tliere is some grudge between em ; 'tis not meet 
 They be alone. Shahesp. Julius Cdsar. 
 
 Deep-fester'd hate : 
 A grudge in both, time out of mind, begun, 
 And mutually bequeath'd from sire to son. Tate. 
 
 2. Anger; ill-will. 
 
 The god of wit, to shew his grndgCf 
 Clapt ass's ears upon the judge. Swift. 
 
 3. Unwillingness to benefit. 
 
 Those to wliom you have 
 With grudge preferr'd me. Ben Jonson. 
 
 4. Envy; odium; invidious censure. 
 
 6. Remorse of conscience. Ainsworth. 
 6. Some little commotion, or forerunner 
 
 of a disease. Ainsworth. 
 
 Gru'dgingly. adv. \itova grudge.'] Un- 
 willingly ; malignantly ; reluctantly. 
 
 Like harpies they could scent a plenteous board; 
 Then to be sure they never fail'd their lord : 
 'f he rest was form, and bare attendance paid ; 
 Then drank and eat, liwi grudgingly obey'd. Dryd. 
 
 Gruel, n. s. \^gruau, gruelle, Fr.] Food 
 made by boiling oatmeal in water ; any 
 kind of mixture made by boilmg ingre- 
 dients in water. 
 
 G R U 
 
 Finger of birth-strftngl'ti babe, 
 Ditcli-deliver'd by a <lrab ; 
 Make the gruel thick and slab. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Was ever Tartar lierce or cruel 
 Upon the strength of waiei gruel? _ Prior. 
 
 Gruel made of grain, broLlis, malt drink not 
 much hopped, posset-drinks, and in general what- 
 ever relaxetli. Arbuthnot, 
 
 GRUFF, adj. [groff, Dut.] Sour of as- 
 pect; harsh of manners. 
 
 Around the fiend, in hideous order, sat 
 Foul bawling infamy and bold debate, 
 Gr»^"discontent, through ignorance misled. Gflrt/t. 
 
 The appellation of honour was such an one the 
 gruff, such an one the stocky. Addison. 
 
 Gru'ffly. adv. [{rom gruff.] Harshly; 
 ruggedly ; roughly. 
 
 The form of Mars high on a chariot stood. 
 All sheath'd in arms, and gruffly look'd tlie god. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gru'ffness. n. «. [from gruff.] Rug- 
 
 gedness of mien ; harshness of look or 
 
 voice. 
 Grum. adj. [contracted from grumble.] 
 
 Sour; surly; severe. A low word. 
 Nic looked sour aod grum, and would not open 
 
 his raouth. Arbuthrwt. 
 
 To GRU'MBLE. v.n. [grommelen, gram- 
 men, Dut.] 
 
 1. To murmur with discontent. 
 
 A bridegroom, 
 A grumbling groom, and that the girl shall find. 
 
 Shakesv. 
 Thou grumblest and railest every hour on Achil- 
 les, and thou art as full of envy at his greatness 
 as Cerberus is at Proserpina's beauty. Shakesp. 
 Th' accurst Philistian stands on th' other side. 
 Grumbling aloud, and smiles 'twixt rage and pride. 
 
 Cowley. 
 Suitors, all but one, will Aenart grumbling, be- 
 cause they miss of what they tnink their due. 
 
 South. 
 
 Providence has allotted man a competency : all 
 
 beyond it is superfluous ; and there will be grumb- 
 
 ling without end, if we reckon that \f e want this, 
 
 because we have it not. VEstrange. 
 
 L'Avare, not using half his store, 
 Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior. 
 
 2. To growl ; to gnarl. 
 
 The lion, though he sees the toils are set, 
 Yet, pinch'd with raging hunger, scours away; 
 Hunts in the face of danger all the day ; 
 At night, with sullen pleasure, grumbles o'er his 
 prey. Dryden. 
 
 3. To make a hoarse rattle. 
 Thougrumbling thunder join thy voice. Motteux. 
 
 Like a storm 
 That gathers black upon the frowniiig sky, 
 Aad grumbles in the wind. Roue's Royal Convert. 
 
 Vapours foul 
 Dash ou the mountains brow, and shake the woods 
 That grumbling wave below. Thomsons Winter. 
 Gru'mbler. m. s. [from grumble.] One 
 that grumbles ; a murmurer ; a discon- 
 tented man. 
 
 The half-pence are good half-pence, and I will 
 stand by it : if I made them of silver, it would be 
 the same thing to the grumbler. Swift. 
 
 Gru'mbling. n. s. [from grumble.] 
 A murmuring through discontent ; a 
 grudge. 
 
 I have serv'd 
 Without or grudge or grumblings. Shahesp. 
 
 GRUME, n.s. [grumeau, Fr. grumus, 
 Lat.] A thick viscid consistence of a 
 fluid : as the white of an egg, or clotted 
 like cold blood. Quincy. 
 
 Gru'mly. ado. \irora grum.] Sullenly; 
 morosely. 
 
 Gru'mous. c4/. [from g-nwne.] Thick; 
 clotted. 
 
 G U A 
 
 The blood, when let, was black, grumout, the 
 red part without a due consistence, the serum sa- 
 hne, and of a yellowish green. Arbuthnft. 
 
 Gru'mousness. n.s. [from grumous.] 
 Thickness of a coagulated liquour. 
 
 The cause may be referred either to the coagu- 
 lation of the serum, ot grumousness oS the blood. 
 Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Gru'nsel. n.s. [More usually g-roMnrfsiY, 
 unless Milton intended to preserve the 
 Saxon jjiunb.] The groundsel; the 
 lower part of the building. 
 
 Next came one 
 Who moum'd in earnest, w hen the captive ark 
 Maim'd hisbrute image, heads and hands lopp'doff 
 In his own temple, on the grunsel edge. 
 Where he fell flat, and shain'd his worshippers. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To GRUNT. Iv.n. [grunio , Lat.] 
 To GRU'NTLE. j To murmur like a hog. 
 
 And neigh, and bark, unA grunt . and roarandburn. 
 Like horse, hound, hog, bear, fire, at every turn. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Lament, ye swine ! in gruntings spend your grief; 
 For you, like me, have lost your sole relief. Cay. 
 
 Thy blinded boars may slumber undismay'd, 
 Or grunt secure beneath the chesnut shdde. Tickel. 
 
 1 he scolding quean to louder notes doth rise. 
 To her full pipes tlie gninting hog replies; 
 The grunting hogs alarm the neiglibours round. 
 
 SuiJ't. 
 
 Grunt, n. s. [from the verb.] The noise 
 of a hog. 
 
 Swine's snowts, swine's bodies, took they, 
 bristles, grunts. Chapman. 
 
 Ran cow and calf, and family of hogs. 
 In panick horrour of pursuing dogs; 
 With many a deadly grunt and doleful squeak. 
 Poor swine, as if their pretty hearts would break. 
 
 Dryden. 
 From hence were heard 
 The grunts of bristled boars, and groans of bears. 
 And herds of howling wolves. Druden'i J^ln. 
 
 Gru'nter. n. s. [from grunt.] 
 
 1. He that grunts. 
 
 2. A kind of fish, [xg'f*'!.] Ainsworth. 
 Gru'ntling. n. s. [from grunt.] A 
 
 young hog. 
 
 To Grutch. v.n. [corrupted for the sake 
 of rhyme from grudge.] To envy ; to 
 repine ; to be discontented. Not used. 
 
 The poor at the enclosure doth grutch, 
 Because of abuses that fall. 
 Lest some men should liave but too much. 
 And some again nothing at all. Tusser's Husbandry, 
 
 But what we're born for we must bear. 
 Our frail condition it is such. 
 
 That what to all may happen here, 
 If t chance to me, I must not grutch. Ben Jonstm. 
 
 Grutch. 71. s. [from the verb.] Malice; 
 ill-will. 
 
 In it he melted leaden bullets. 
 To shoot at foes, and sometimes pullets ; 
 To whom lie bore so fell a grutch, 
 He ne'er gave quarter t' any such. Hudibras. 
 
 Gry. w. s. [y^v.] Any thing of little 
 
 value ; as, tlie paring of the nails. Diet, 
 
 Guaia'cum. «. s. A physical wood. 
 
 Guaiucuvt is attenuant and aperient. It is ex- 
 cellent in many chronick cases, and was once fa- 
 mous for curing the venereal disease, which it stil! 
 does singly in warmer climates, hut with us we 
 find it insufficient. We have a resin of it, im- 
 properly called gum guaiacum. HilL 
 
 Guarante'e. n. s. [guarant, Fr.] A 
 power who undertajies to see stipula- 
 tions performed. 
 
 God, the great guarantee for the peace of man- 
 kind, where laws cannot secure it, may think it 
 the concern of his providence. South. 
 
 85o
 
 G U A 
 
 A prince distinguislieil by being a patron of ' 
 Protcslants, and guarantee of Ok- WeslpliKliau ' 
 li-eaty. Addisim on the It itr. 
 
 An outli is a promise made to God, anti Gnd is 
 our snpciior, superior to Uinf^s. And he is mKo 
 the guarantee and avenger ot all breach of faith 
 and injustice. Leslei/. 
 
 To Guaranty, v. a. {garantlr, 1 r.] 
 To unilei-take to secure the perfonnaiice 
 of any articles. 
 
 To GUARD. V. a. [gurdcr, Fr. from our 
 word tvard, the w being changed by the 
 French into g-; as Galles for If'alis.] 
 
 1. To watcli by way of defence and se- 
 curity. 
 
 2. To protect; to defend. 
 
 Naked tlie graces guarded you from all 
 Dangers abroad, and now your thunder shall. 
 
 [I 'ailcr. 
 
 Your pow'r you never use, but for defence. 
 To guard vour own or others innocejice. Drydcn. 
 
 Fix'd on defence, the Trojans are not slow 
 To guard their shore from an c.\^)ecled foe. Dri/den. 
 
 flic port of Genoa is very ill 'guarded against 
 the storms. Addison on Italy. 
 
 3. To preserve by caution. 
 
 One would take care to guard one's self against 
 this particular imperfection, because it is that 
 wliich our nature very strongly inclines us to. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 4. To provide against objections. 
 
 Homer has guarded every circumstance with as 
 much caution as if he had been made aware of 
 the objection. Broome on Ud 
 
 5. To adorn with lists, laces, or orna- 
 mental borders. Obsolete. 
 
 Give liira a livery 
 More guarded than liis fellows. Sbakesp. 
 
 See a fellow 
 In a long motley, guarded with yellow. Shakesp 
 
 To Guard, v. n. To be in a state of cau- 
 tion or defence. 
 
 There are cases, in which a mail must guard, if 
 he intends to keep fair with the world, and turn 
 the penny. _ Collier. 
 
 To guard against such mistakes, it is necessary 
 to acquaint ourselves a little with words. Watts. 
 
 Guard, n.s. [ garde, ¥r. ward, Teato- 
 nick.] 
 
 1. A man, or body of men, whose business 
 is to watch by way of defence or pre- 
 vention. 
 
 The guard bare them, and brought them back 
 into the guard chamber. 1 Kings, \iv. iiii. 
 
 Up into lieav'n, from [paradise, in haste 
 Th' angelick guards ascended, mute, and sad 
 For man. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Tliey miss'd courts, guards, a gay and nuiuVous 
 train. 
 Our judges like our laws were rude and plain." 
 
 Cowley. 
 With lifted hands, and gazing eyes. 
 His guards behold him soaring through the skies. 
 
 Dryden. 
 He must be trusted to his own conduct, since 
 there cannot always be a guard upon him, except 
 what you put into his own uiind uy good princi- 
 ples. Loeke. 
 They, usurping arbitrary power, had their o-imrrfs 
 and spies, after Ine practice of tyrants. Su-ijt. 
 
 2. A state of caution ; a state of vigilance. 
 The great alteration which he made in the state 
 
 ecclesiastical, caused liira to stand upon his guard 
 at home. iJavics. 
 
 Temerity puts a man off his guard. VErtrcnge. 
 
 It is wisdom to keep ourselves upon a ^uard. 
 
 L'Estrange. 
 
 Now he stood collected and prepar'd ; 
 for malice and revenge had put him on his guard. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Others aie cooped in close by the strict guards 
 of tiiotie whose interest it is to keeu them igno- 
 rant. Locke 
 
 G U A 
 
 Men arc always upun llieir guard a^Himt an 
 appt'uraiicc of desij;n. Smalrid^c. 
 
 3. Limitation; anticipation of objection; 
 caution of* expression. 
 
 Tiiey liavo expressed themsc!vcs with a«t few 
 gitards aiui restrictions as I. Atterhury. 
 
 4. An ornamentjil hem, lace^ or border. 
 
 Obsolete. 
 
 5. Part of the hilt of a sM'ord. 
 Gua'rdage. n, s. [^rom guard.] State 
 
 of wardship. Obsolete. 
 
 A niiiid so lender, fair and happy, 
 Ilun frojii \itT guardo'^e to tlic sooty bosom 
 Of 3uch a thing as iImiu. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 GuARDER. w. s. One who guards. 
 
 Airmworth. 
 Gua'rdian. n. 5. [gai'dien, Fr. from 
 gitard.] 
 
 1 . One that has the care of an orphan ; one 
 who is to supply the want of parents. 
 
 I am sorry for her, as I have just cause, beinu' 
 
 her uncle and her guardian, Shakesp. Much Ado. 
 
 Wlien perjur'd guardums, proud with impious 
 
 gams, 
 
 Choak up the streets, too narrow for their trains ! 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 Hocus, "witii two other o( ihe guardians, tiioncht 
 
 it their duty to take care of the interest of the 
 
 three girls. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. One to whom the care and preservation 
 of any thing is committed. 
 
 I gave you all, 
 Made you my guardians, my depositaries ; 
 But kept a reservation to be foilow'd 
 With such a number. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 It then becomes tlie common concern of all that 
 have truth at heart, and more especially of those 
 who are the appointed guardians of the Christian 
 faith, to be upon the watch against seducers. 
 
 M'aterl. 
 
 3. A repository or storehouse. Not used. 
 
 Where is Duncan's body? 
 — Carried to Colmeskill, 
 Tlie sacred storehouse of his predecessors. 
 And guardian of their bones. Shakesp, 
 
 Guardian of the Spiritnalities. He to 
 whom the spiritual jurisdiction of any 
 diocese is committed, during the vacancy 
 of the see. He may be either guardian 
 in law, or jure magistratiisy as the arch- 
 bishop is of any diocese within his pro- 
 vince ; or guardian by delegation, as he 
 whom the archbishop or vicar general 
 doth for the time depute. CoiveL 
 
 Gua'rdian. adj. Performing the office 
 of a kind protector or superintendant. 
 
 My charming patroness j'rotectsnic unseen, like 
 my guardin7i an^el ; and shuns my gratitude like a 
 fairy, who is bountiful b^* stealth, and ctiuceals 
 the giver w hen she bestows the gift. Dryden. 
 
 Idus shall mankind his p;urtr(f(un care engage, 
 The jiromis'd father of the future age. Pope. 
 
 Mean while ]Minerva, in \h:t guardian care. 
 Shoots from the starry vaults through fields of air. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Gua'rdianship. w.5. [from guardian,] 
 The office of a guardian. 
 
 The curate stretched his patent for the cure of 
 souls, to a kind of tutelary guardianship over 
 goods and chattels. L' Estrange. 
 
 This liolds true, not only in losses and indigni- 
 ties offered to ourselves, but also in the case of 
 trust, when they are ottered to others who are 
 committed to OMtcmc and guardianship. Kcttlcu-ell. 
 
 Theseus is the first who established tlie popular 
 state in Athens, assigning to liimseif the ^'utirf/inH- 
 ship of the laws, and cliict connnands in w ar. Su-ift. 
 
 Gua'rdless. adj. [^rom gitard.] ^Vith- 
 out defence. 
 
 CUE 
 
 So on the guardlen herd, their keeper »lain, 
 Rushes a tyger in the Lybian plain. Waller. 
 
 A rich httid, guardUs$ and undefended, must 
 needs have been a double incitement. South 
 
 Gua'rdship. 71. J. [from guard.] 
 
 1 . Care ; protection. 
 
 How bicss'd am I, by such a man led! 
 Under whose wise and careful guardship 
 1 now despise fatigue and hardship. Sift/t. 
 
 2. [Guard and ship.] A king's ship to 
 guard the coast. 
 
 Guaia'va. |?i. $. An American fruit. 
 
 Gua'va. 3 The fruit, says Sir Hans 
 Sloane, is extremely delicious and whole- 
 some. They have only this inconve- 
 nience, that being very astringent, they 
 stop up the belly, if taken in great 
 quantities, AJilltr. 
 
 Guberna'tion. n. s. [gubernatio, Lat.] 
 Go^'ernment ; superintendency ; supe- 
 riour direction. 
 
 Perhaps there is little or nothing in the govern- 
 ment of the kingdoms of nature and grace, but 
 what is transacted by the man Jesus, inhabited by 
 the divine power and wisdom, and employed as*a 
 medium or conscious instrument of ihb eitensive 
 gubernation. Watts. 
 
 Gu'dgeon. 71.5. [goujoTif Fr.] 
 
 1. A small fish fgund in brooks and rivers, 
 easily caught, and therefore made a pro- 
 verbial name for a man easily cheated. 
 
 'Tis true, no turbets dignify my boards ; 
 But gudgeons, flounders, w hat my Thames alforHs. 
 
 Pffpe. 
 
 2. A man easily cheated. 
 
 This lie did to draw you in, like so many gttd- 
 geotiSt to swallow his false arguments. '^ Swifi. 
 
 3. Something to be caught to a man*s own 
 disadvantage ; a bait ; an allurement : 
 gudgeons being commonly used as baits 
 for pike. 
 
 But fish not with this melancholy bait. 
 For this fool's "■iM^^eon, this opinion. SJiakesp. 
 
 Gue'rdon. n.s. [guerdon, gar don, Fr.] 
 A reward ; a recompense, in a good and 
 bad sense. A word now no longer in use. 
 
 But to the virgin conies, who all tiiis while 
 Amazed stands herself so mock'd to see, 
 
 By him who has the guerdon of his guile, 
 For so misfeigning hex true knight to be. Spenser. 
 
 He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive 
 the just (^urrflfim of all his former villanies. KnolUs. 
 
 Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise 
 To scorn delights, and live laborious days; 
 But the (ii'ir guerdon when we hope to find. 
 And think to burst out into sudden blaze. 
 Comes the blind fury w ith th' abhorred sheers, 
 And slits the thin-spun life. MUton. 
 
 To GUESS, r. a. [ghissen, Dut.] 
 
 1, To conjecture; to judge without any 
 
 certain principles of judgment. 
 
 Incapable and shallow innocents ! 
 You cannot ^jteis who caus'd your father's death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Let not your ears despise my tongue for ever, 
 Whicii shall possess them with the heaviest sound 
 That ever yet they heard. 
 —Hum! r^ifxs at it. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 He that, by reason of his swift motions, can 
 inform himself of ail places and prcpamiions, 
 should he not very often guess righUy of lhing> to 
 come, where God pleaseth not to give impedi 
 nicnl? Pakigh's History. 
 
 There issue swarming bands 
 Ofambush'd men, whom, by their arms and dress. 
 To he TaxcaltaJi enemies I guess. Drvden. 
 
 The same author ventures to guess at the parti- 
 cular fate which would attend iKe Roman govern- 
 ment. Suiji. 
 
 H61
 
 G U E 
 
 Nor can imagination guas. 
 How that ungrateful cliarming maid 
 My purest passion has betray'd. Sulft. 
 
 2. To conjecture rightly, or upon some 
 just reason. 
 
 One may guess by Plato's writings, that his 
 meaning, as to the inferiour deities, was, that they 
 who would have them might, and they who 
 would nut, might let tliem alone; but that liimsclf 
 had a rislit opuiion concerning the true God. 
 
 Slitiingjiect. 
 
 To Guess, v. a. To hit upon by accident; 
 to tleteruiine rightly of any thing with- 
 out certain direction of the judgment. 
 
 If Xerxes was able to call every common soldier 
 by his n;nnc in his army, it may be guessed he got 
 not this wonderful ability by learning his lessons 
 by heart. Loeke. 
 
 Guess, n. s. [from the verb.] Conjecture ; 
 judgment without any positive or cer- 
 tain grounds. 
 
 'I'he enemy's in view ; draw up your powers : 
 Hard is the guess of their true strength and forces. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 nhguesse was usually as near to prophecy as any 
 man's. ^ FeU. 
 
 A poet must confess 
 His art's like physick, but a happy guess. JDryden. 
 
 It is a wrong way of proccedmg to venture a 
 greater good for a less, upon uncert.im guessfs, be- 
 fore a due e.'^amination. ^ _ Locke. 
 
 We may make some guess at the distinction of 
 things, into those that are according to, above, 
 and contrary to reason. Locke. 
 
 This problem yet, this offspring of a guess. 
 Let us for once a child of truth confess. Prisr. 
 
 No man is blest by accident, or guess, 
 True wisdom is the price of happiness. Young. 
 
 Gue'sser. n. s. [from giuss.] Conjec- 
 turer ; one who judges without certain 
 knowledge. 
 
 It is the opinion of divers good guessers, that the 
 last fit will not be mure violent than advantageous. 
 
 Pope. 
 If fortune should please but to take such a 
 crotchet. 
 To thee I apply, great Smcdley's successor, 
 
 To give thee'lawn sleeves, a mitre and rochet. 
 Whom would'st thou resemble ? I leave thee ■• 
 guesser. Swift. 
 
 Gue'ssingly. adv. [from guessing-.] Con- 
 jecturally ; uncertainly. Not in use. 
 
 I have a letter guessingly set down. Shakesp, 
 
 GUEST, n. s. [seft:, jij-c. Sax. gwest, 
 Welsh.] 
 
 1. One entertained in the house or at the 
 table of another. 
 
 They all murmured, saying, that he was gone 
 to be guest with a man that is a sinner. Luke, xix. 7. 
 
 JNIe thinks a father 
 Is, at tlie nuptial ot his son, a. guest 
 That best becomes the table. Shakesp. 
 
 Tell my royal guest 
 I add to his commands my own request. Drydcu. 
 
 2. A stranger; one who comes newly to 
 reside. 
 
 O desarts, desarts ! how fit a guest am I for you, 
 since my heart can people you with wild ravenous 
 beasts, which in you are wanting? Sidney. 
 
 Those happiest smiles 
 That play'd on her ripe lip, seemed not to know 
 What guests were in her eyes ; which parted thence 
 As pearls from diamonds dropt. Shakesp. 
 
 Gue'strite. n. s. [from guest and rite.] 
 
 Offices due to a guest. 
 
 Ulysses so dear 
 A gift esteein'd it, that he would not beare 
 In nis black fleete that guest-rite to the war.C^ajjm. 
 
 Gue'stch AMBER, n.s. [guest and cham- 
 ber.'] Chamber of entertaininent. 
 
 Where is the guestchamber, where 1 shall eat the 
 passover with ray disciples ? Mark, xiv. 14. | 
 
 G U I 
 
 To Gtj'ggle. ti. n. [gorgoliare, Ital.] To 
 sound as water running with intermis- 
 sions out of a narrowmouthed vessel. 
 
 GuiDAGE. n.s. [from guide.] The re- 
 ward given to a guide. Ainsworlh. 
 
 Gui'dance. n.s. {from guide.] Direc- 
 tion ; government. 
 They charge me with neglecting the guidance of 
 
 wiser men. Spenser. 
 
 As to those who lived under the guidance of 
 reason alone, without the assistance of superna- 
 tural light, it is highly probable that miracles, or 
 a messai'e from the dead, would persuade them. 
 ° Atterb. 
 
 Particular application must be left to Christian 
 prudence, ujidcr the giiii/unce of God's holy spirit, 
 who knows our necessity before we ask, and our 
 ignorance in asking. Rogers. 
 
 This to the young— but thy expenenc d age 
 Wants not the guidance of a former sage. Sewell. 
 
 A prince ought not to be under tlie guidance or 
 influence of either faction, because he declines 
 from his oftice of presiding over the whole to be 
 the head of a party. Sicift. 
 
 To GUIDE, v.a. [guider, Fr.] 
 1. To direct in a way. 
 
 When the spirit of truth is come, he will guide 
 you into all truth. John, xvi. 13. 
 
 The new light served to guide them to their 
 neighbours coft'ers. Decay nf Piety. 
 
 Whosoever has a faithful friend to guide him in 
 the dark passages of life, may carry his eyes in 
 another man's head, and yet see never the worse 
 
 South. 
 
 2. To influence. 
 
 Upon these, or such like secular maxims, when 
 nothing but the interest of this world guides men, 
 they many times conclude that the slightest 
 wrongs are not to be put up. _ Kettleuetl. 
 
 3. To govern by counsel ; to instruct. 
 For thy name's sake lead me and guide me. 
 
 ■' Ps. xxxi. 3. 
 
 4. To regulate ; to superintend. 
 Women neglect that which St. Paul assigns 
 
 them as their proper business, the guiding of the 
 house. Decay if Piety. 
 
 Guide, n. s. [guide, Fr. from the verb.] 
 
 1. One who directs another in his way. 
 
 Thou gavest them a burning pillar of fire to be 
 a guide of the unknown journey. Wisd. xviii. 3. 
 
 Can knowledge have no bound, but must ad- 
 So far to make us wish for ignorance } [vance 
 And rather in the dark to grope our way, 
 Than, led by a false guide, to err by day ? Denham. 
 
 2. One who directs another in his con- 
 duct. 
 
 While vet but young, his father dy'd. 
 And left liiro *o an happy guide. Waller. 
 
 They have all (lie same pastoral guiiJesappointed, 
 authorised, sanctified, and set apart by the ap- 
 pointment of God by the direction of the spirit, to 
 direct and lead the people of God in the same way 
 of eternal salvation. Pearson. 
 
 3. Director; regulator. 
 Wlio the guide of nature, but only the God of 
 
 nature ? In him we live, move, and are. Those 
 things which nature is said to do, are by divine 
 art performed, using nature as an instrument: 
 nor IS there any such knowledge divine in nature 
 herself working, but in the guide of nature's work. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Some truths are not by reason to be tried, 
 
 But wehave sure experience for our gillie. Dryden. 
 
 Gui'deless. adj. [from guide.] Having 
 
 no guide ; wanting a governour or su- 
 
 perintendant. 
 
 Tir ambitious Swede, like restless billows tost. 
 Though in his life he blood and ruin brcath'd. 
 To his now guideless kuigdom peace hequeatb'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 There fierce winds o'er dusky valleys blow. 
 Whose every puff bears empty shades away. 
 Which guideless in those dark dominions stray. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 G U I 
 
 Gui'der. n. s. [from guide.] Director ; 
 regulator; guide. Obsolete. 
 
 Our guider come I to the Roman camp conduct 
 us. Shakesp. 
 
 That person, that being provoked by excessive 
 pain, thrust his dagger into his body, and thereby, 
 instead of reaching his vitals, opened an impost- 
 hunie, the unknown cause of all his pain, aud so 
 stabbed himself into perfect health and ease, surely 
 had great reason to acknowledge chance for his 
 chirurgeon, and Providence for the guider of his 
 hand. South. 
 
 GUIDON, n.s. [Fr.] A standard-bearer; 
 
 a standard. Obsolete. 
 GUILD, n. s. [jilbfcip, Sax. a fellow- 
 ship, a corporation.] A society; a cor- 
 poration ; a fraternity or company, com- 
 bined together by orders and laws made 
 among themselves by their prince's 
 licence. Hence the common word gild 
 or guildhall proceeds, being a fraternity 
 or commonalty of men gathered into 
 one combination, supporting their com- 
 mon charge by mutual contribution. 
 
 Cowel. 
 
 Towards three or four o'clock 
 Look for the news that the guild hall affords. 
 
 Shakesp. R. III. 
 
 In woollen cloth it appears, by those ancient 
 guilds that were settled in England for this manu- 
 facture, that this kingdom greatly flourished in 
 that art. Hale s Origin of Mankind. 
 
 As when the lone-ear'd milky mothers wait 
 At some sick misePs triple bolted gate. 
 For their defrauded absent foals they make 
 A moan so loud, that all the guild awake. Pope. 
 
 GUILE, n.s. [guille, gille, old Fr. the 
 same with wile.] Deceitful cunning; 
 insidious artifice; mischievous subtilty. 
 
 With fawning words he courted her awhile, 
 And looking lovely, and oft sighing sore. 
 Her constant heart did court with divers guile ; 
 But words and looks, and sighs she did abhor. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 When I have most need to employ a friend. 
 Deep, hollow, treacherous, and full of guile, 
 Be he to me I This do I beg of hcav'n. 
 When I am cold in zeal to you or yours. Shakesp. 
 
 We may, with more successful hope, resolve 
 To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton. 
 
 Nor thou his malice and false g<iile contemn : 
 Subtile he needs must be who could seduce 
 Angels. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Guileful, adj. [guile and /;<//.] 
 
 1, Wily ; insidious ; mischievously artful. 
 
 The way not to be inveigled by them that are 
 so gTiiW'uf through skill, is thoroughly to be in- 
 structed in that which maketh skilful against 
 
 structed 
 guile. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Without expence at all. 
 By sxdleful fair words, peace may be obtain'd. 
 ■' ^ ■' Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 He saw his guileful act 
 By Eve, though all unweetiiig, seconded 
 Upon her husband. Milton's Paradise Loa. 
 
 Tlie guileful phantom now forsook the shrowd. 
 And flew sublime, and vanish'd in a cloud. 
 
 Dryden $ JEn. 
 
 2. Treacherous ; secretly mischievous. 
 I train'd thy brethren to that guileful hole. 
 Where the dead corps of Bassianus lay. Shakesp. 
 Gui'lefully. adv. [from guileJ'uL] In- 
 sidiously ; treacherously. 
 To whom the tempter guilefully reply'd. Milt. 
 
 Gui'lefulness. h.s. [from guileful.] 
 Secret treachery ; tricking cunning. 
 
 Guileless, adj. [from guile.] Free 
 from deceit ; void of insidiousness ; 
 simply honest. 
 
 $5-i
 
 GUI 
 
 Gui'ler. n.s. [from guile. See Be- I 
 GUILE.] One that betrays into danger 
 by insidious practices. 
 
 But be was wary wise in all his way. 
 And well perceived his deceitful sleight ; 
 
 Ne sutTered lust his safety to betray ; 
 So goodly did beguile the guiler of the prey. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 GUILT, n. s. [311:, Sax. originally signi- 
 fied the fine or mulct paid for an oflence, 
 and afterward the offence itself.] 
 
 1. The state of a man justly charged with 
 a crime ; the contrary to innocence. 
 
 It was neither /fiii/t of crime, nor reason of ^ate, 
 that could quench the envy that was upon the 
 king for this execution. Bacon's Henry VH. 
 
 ■When these two are taken away, the possibility 
 of ^ilt, and the possibility of innocence, wh;it 
 restraint can the belief of the creed lay upon any 
 man ? Hammond on Fundamentals. 
 
 2. A crime ; an offence. 
 
 Close pent up guilts 
 Rive vour concealing continents, and ask 
 These'dreadful suminoners grace. Shahesp. 
 
 Gui'ltily. adv. [from guilti/.'] Without 
 innocence; without clearness of con- 
 science. 
 
 Bloody and guilty ; g-ui/hVy awake, 
 And in a bloodv ba'ttle end thy days : 
 Think on lord Hastings, and despair, and die. 
 
 Shahesp. Richard ITI. 
 
 Gui'ltiness. w. s. [from guilli/.] The 
 state of being guilty; wickedness; con- 
 sciousness of crime. 
 
 He thought his flight rather to proceed of a 
 fearful guiltiness than of an humble faithfulness. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The last was I that felt thy tyranny : 
 O, in the battle think on Buckingham, 
 And die in lerrour of thy guiltiness. Shakeep. 
 
 I should be guiltier than my guiltiness. Shakesp. 
 
 Gui'ltless. adj. [from guilt.^ Inno- 
 cent; free from crime. 
 
 I am in this commanded to deliver 
 The noble duke of Clarence to your liands : 
 I will not reason what is meant hereby. 
 Because 1 will be guiltless oi the meaning. Sliaicesp. 
 
 Many worthy and chaste dames thus. 
 All guiltless, meet reproach. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Then sltall the man be guiltless from iniquity, 
 and this woman shall bear her iniquity. iYura.v.31. 
 
 Thou, who do'st all thou wishest at thy will. 
 And never wiliest aught but what is right. 
 Preserve this guiltless blood they seek to spill ; 
 Thine be my kingdom. Fairfax. 
 
 Gviltless of greatness, thus he always pray'd. 
 Nor knew nor wish'd he that those vows" he 
 
 made 
 
 :l 
 
 On his own head should be at last repaid. Dri/d. 
 
 The teeming earth yet guiltless of the plough, 
 And unprovoE'd did fruitful stores allow. On/c/en. 
 
 Thou know'st how raii(/ess first I met thy ffame. 
 
 When love approach'd me urrder friendship's 
 
 name. Pope. 
 
 Guiltlessly, adv. [from guiltless.] 
 Without guilt ; innocently. 
 
 Gui'ltlessness. n.s. [from guiltless.] 
 Innocence ; freedom from crime. 
 
 A good number, trusting to their number more 
 than to their valour, and valuing money higher 
 than equity, felt that guiltlessness is not always 
 with ease oppressed. Sidney. 
 
 I would not have had any hand in his death, of 
 whose guiltlessness 1 was better assured than any 
 man livmg could be. King Charles. 
 
 GUI'LTY. adj. [3ilri5, Sax. one con- 
 demned to pay a fine for an offence.] 
 
 1. Justly chargeable with a cHme ; not 
 innocent. 
 
 G U 1 
 
 Is there not a ballad nf the king and the beggar ? 
 — Ihe world was gtiiltij of such a ballad some 
 three ages shice. Shakesp, Love's Labour Lofl. 
 
 Alark'd you not 
 How that the guilty kindred of the queen 
 Look'd pale, when they did hear of Clarence 
 death ? Shakes^}. 
 
 We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in 
 that we saw the anguish of his soul when he be- 
 sou^lit us, and we would not hear. Gen. xlii. 21. 
 
 \\hh mortal hatred I pursu'd his life, 
 Nor he, nor you, were guiltv of the strife ; 
 Nor I, but as I lov'd ; yet all conibin'd, 
 Your beauty and my impotence of mind. Dryden. 
 
 Farewel the stones 
 And threshold, ^ui7(v of my midnight moans. Dry. 
 
 Tliere is no man, that h knowingly wicked, but 
 is guilty to Inmself; and there is no man, that 
 carries guilt about him, but he receives a sting in- 
 to his soul. Tilbtson. 
 
 2. Wicked ; coiTupt. 
 
 Ail the tumult of a guilty world, 
 
 Tost by ungenerous passion, sinks away. Thomson. 
 
 GUI'NEA. n.s. [from Guinea, a country 
 in Africaj abounding with gold.] A 
 gold coin valued at one and twenty 
 shillings. 
 
 By tlie word gold I must be understood to de- 
 sign a particular piece of matter ; that is, the last 
 guinea that was coined. Locke. 
 
 Ladies, whose love is constant as the wind : 
 Cits, who prefer a guinea to mankind. Young. 
 
 Gui'neadropper. n. s. [guinea and 
 drop.~\ One who cheats by dropping 
 guineas. 
 
 Who now the guineadropper^s bait regards, 
 Trick'd by the sharper's dice, or juggler's cards. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Gui'neahen. 71. s, a fowl, supposed to 
 
 be of Guinea. 
 Gui'neapepper. n.s. [capsicum^ Ijat.] 
 
 A plant. Miller. 
 
 Gui'neapig. n.s, A small animal with 
 
 a pig's snout, brought, I believe, ^om 
 
 Africa. 
 Guise, n. $. [The same with wise, guise, 
 
 Fr. pif a. Sax. the p or iv being changed, 
 
 as is common, into g.] 
 
 1. Manner; mienj habit; cast of beha- 
 viour. 
 
 His own sire, an-d master o( liis guise, 
 Did often tremble at his horri'i view. Spenser. 
 
 Thus women know, and thus tliey use tiie p^uise, 
 T' enchant the valiant and beguile the wise. Fair/'. 
 
 Lo you ! here she comes : this is lier very guise; 
 and, upon my life, fast asleep : observe her, stand 
 close. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 They stand a horrid front 
 Of dreadful length, and dazzling arms, in ^-uise 
 Of warriors uid, with order'd spear and shield. 
 Awaiting what command their might\' chief 
 Had to impose. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 By their gui^e 
 Just Den tnev seem, and all their study bent 
 To worship God a-ritiht. Milton^s Paradise Lost. 
 
 Back, shepherds, "back : 
 Here be without duck or nud, 
 Other trippings to be trod, 
 Of lighter toes and such court guise 
 As Mercury did first devise. Milton. 
 
 Their external shapes are notoriously accommo- 
 dated to that law or guise of life that nature has 
 designed them. More. 
 
 2. Practice ; custom ; property. 
 
 I have drunke wme past my usual guise ; 
 Strong wine commands t!ie foole, and moves the 
 wise. Chapman. 
 
 This would not be slept ; 
 Old guise must be kept. Ben Jonson. 
 
 The swain reply'd, it never was our guise 
 To slight the poor, or aught humane desuise. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 G U L 
 
 3. External appearance ; dress. 
 
 When I was very young, nofldng was so much 
 talked of as rickets among children, and consump- 
 tions among young people ; after these the spleen 
 came in play, ai»d then the scurvy, which was tlie 
 general complaint, and both were thought to ap- 
 pear in many various guises. Temple. 
 
 The Hugonols were engaged in a civil war, by 
 the specious [jretences of some, who, under Uic 
 guise of religion, sacrificed so many thousands to 
 their own ambition. Svift. 
 
 Guita'r. n.s. [ghitura, Ital. ^/iVerre, 
 Fr.] A stringed instrument of musick. 
 
 Sallads and eggs, and lighter fare. 
 Tune iJie Italian spark's guitar. Prior. 
 
 Gulch. In.s. [from gulo, Lat.] A 
 Gu'lchin. 3 little glutton. Skin, 
 
 Gules, adj. [perhaps from goule the 
 throat.] Red; a barbarous terra of he- 
 raldry. 
 
 Follow ihy drum -, 
 With man's blood paint the ground : gules, gules ; 
 Religious canons, civil laws are cruel; 
 Then what should war be? Shakesp. Tirmyn. 
 
 He whose sable arms, 
 Black as his purpose, did the knight resemble. 
 When he laid couched in the ominous horse. 
 Hath now his dread and black complexion smear'd 
 With heraldry more dismal ; head to foot. 
 Now he is tutal gules. Shakesp. 
 
 GULF. n.s. [golfo, Ital.] 
 
 1. A bay; an opening into land. 
 
 The Venetian admiral withdrew himself farther 
 off from the island Corfu, into the gulf of the 
 Adriatick. " Knelleu 
 
 2. An abyss; an unmeasurable depth. 
 'I'hence turning back, in silence soft they stole, 
 
 And brought the heavy corse with easv pace 
 To \ a" ning gulph of deep Avemus' liole. Spens. 
 I know tnou'd'st rather 
 Follow thine enemy in a fiery gulph. 
 Than flatter him in a bower. _ Shakesp. 
 
 This is tlie gulf through which Virgil's Alecto 
 shoots herself into hell : the fall of waters, the 
 woods that encompass it, are all in the descrip- 
 tion. Addison, 
 The sea could not be much narrower than it is, 
 without a great loss to the world; and must we 
 liow have an ocean of mere flats and shallows, to 
 the utter ruin of navigation, for fear our head* 
 should turn giddv at tlie imagination of gaping 
 abysses and unfathomable guljs? Sentley. 
 
 3. A whirlpool ; a sucking eddy. 
 
 England his approaches makes as fierce 
 As waters to the sucking of a gulf. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Any thing insatiable, as the mouth or 
 stomach . 
 
 Scuil of dragon, tooth of wolf, 
 \V itches mummy; maw and gulf 
 Of the rnveiiing salt sea shark ; 
 Root of hemlock, digg'd 1' tli' dark. Shakesp. 
 
 Gu'lfy. adj. [from gulf.] Full of gulfs 
 
 or whirlpools; vorlicosus. 
 
 Rivers arise ; whether thou be the son 
 Of utmost Tweed, or Oose, or gulj'y Dun. Milton* 
 
 At their native realms the Greeks arriv'd. 
 All who the war of ten long ytars surviv'd. 
 And scap'd the perils of theV"^/v main. Pop€. 
 
 High o'er a gulfy sea the Pliarian isle 
 Fronts the deep roar of disemboguing Nile. Pope, 
 
 To GULL. r. a, [ guilltr to cheat, old Fr.] 
 To trick ; to cheat ; to defraud ; to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 If I do not g«(/ him into a nay word, and make 
 him a common recreation, do not think I have wit 
 enough to lie straight in my bed. Shakrsp. 
 
 \ei love these sorc'ries did remove, and move 
 Thee to gull thine own mother for my love. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 He would have gulVd him with a trick, 
 But Mart was too too politick. HudHrras. 
 
 They are not to be guU'd twice with the same 
 trick. ' V Estrange. 
 
 853
 
 G U I 
 
 Tlie Roman people were grosly gulled twice or 
 thrice over, and as often enslaved in one centurvi 
 and under llic same pretence of reformation. Dryd. 
 
 By tlieir designing leaders taught, 
 Tlie vulgar, £■»//'(/ into rebellion, ariu'd. Dryden. 
 
 For this arfvanta^t- age from youth has won. 
 As not to be out-ridden, though out-run; 
 By furtuiie lie was now to \'enus triii'd. 
 And with stern Mars in Capricorn was joiu'd: 
 Of htm disposing in his own abode. 
 He sooth'd the goddess, while he gulVd the god. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Gull. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. [Mergtis.] A sea-bird. 
 
 2. A cheat ; a fraud ; a trick. 
 
 I should think this a. gull, but that the white- 
 bearded fellow speaks it. Shahesp. Much Ado. 
 
 Either they have these excellencies they are 
 praised for, or they have not; if they have not, 
 tis an apparent cheat and gall. Govern, ofthe Tong. 
 
 'S. A stupid animal; one easily cheated. 
 
 Being fed by us you us'd us so, 
 As that ungentle gull, the cuckow bird, 
 I'setli the sjiarrow. Shahesp. Henry TV. 
 
 Why have you suffer'd me to be imprison'd, 
 Kept in a dark house, visited by the priest, 
 And made the most notorious geek and gidl 
 'I'hat e'er invention plaid on. Shahesp. Twelfth N. 
 
 That paltry story is untrue, 
 And forg'd to cheat such gulls ^is you. Hudibras. 
 
 Gu'llcatcher. w. 5. [gull and catc/u] 
 A cheat; a mau of trick; one who 
 catches silly people. 
 Here comes my noble gullcatcker. Shahesp. 
 
 Gu'ller. w. s. [from guli,] A cheat; an 
 impostor. 
 
 Gu'llery. «.5. [from gulL] Cheat; im- 
 posture. Ainsw. 
 
 Gu'llet. n.s. [goulet, Fr. gula, Lat.] 
 
 i. The throat; the passage through which 
 the food passes ; the meat-pipe ; the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 It might be his doom 
 One day to sing 
 
 \Vith gullet in string. Dcnham. 
 
 Many have the gullet or feeding channel which 
 have no lungs or windpipes ; as fishes which have 
 gills, whereby the heart is refrigerated ; fur such 
 thereof as have lungs and respiration are not with- 
 out wizzon, as whales and cetaceous animals. 
 
 Browns I'ulgar Erroui's. 
 
 2. A small stream or lake. Not in use. 
 
 Nature has various tender muscles placM, 
 By which the artful gullet is embrac'd. Blachnore. 
 
 The liquor in the stomach is a compound of tliat 
 wiiich is separated from its inward coat, the spittle 
 which is swallowed, and the liquor which distils 
 from the o-i(//e£. Arhuthnnt. 
 
 The Euxine sea and the Mediterr;inean, small 
 fillets, if compared with the ocean. Heyli/n. 
 
 To Gu'lly. v. 11. [corrupted from «'?/r^/e.] 
 To run with noise. 
 
 Gu'llyhole. n,s. [from o-?;//y and /io/c] 
 The hole where the gutters empty them- 
 selves in the subterraneous sewer. 
 
 Gu'losity. n.s. [gulosun, Lat.] Greedi- 
 ness ; gluttony ; voracity. 
 
 They are very temperate, seldom offending in 
 ebriety, nor erring in gulosky, or superfluity of 
 meats. Brotm. 
 
 Fo Gulp. v. a, [golpen, Dut.] To swal- 
 low eagerly ; to suck down without 
 intermission. 
 
 He loosens the fish, gulps'it down, and so soon as 
 ever the morsel was gone wipes his mouth. L^Estr. 
 
 I see the double naggon charge their hand ; 
 See them uuff off the Troth, and gulp amain, 
 While with dry tongue I lick my lips in vain. Gay. 
 
 Gulp. ?;. s. [from the verb.] As much as 
 can be swallowed at once. 
 
 G U N 
 
 In deep suspirations we take more large gulps 
 of air to cool our heart, overcharged with love 
 and sorrow. Marc. 
 
 As oft as he caii catch a gulp of air, 
 And peep above the seas, he names the fair. Dryd. 
 GUM. n.s. [gummi, Lat.] 
 
 1. A vegetable siiListnnce differing from a 
 resin, in being more viscid and less 
 friable, and generally dissolving in 
 aqueous inenstruums; whereas resins, 
 being more sulphurous, require a spi- 
 rituous dissolvent. Quincj/. 
 
 One whose e3'es, 
 Albeit unused to the melting raoorj. 
 Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees 
 Their medicinal gtim. Shahesp. Othello. 
 
 He ripens spices, fruit, and precious gnm, 
 Which from remotest regions hither come. Waller. 
 
 Her maiden train, 
 Who bore the vests that holy rites require, 
 Incense, and od'rous gums, and covered fire. Dryd. 
 
 2. [Coma, Sax. gumme, Dut.] The fleshy 
 covering that invests and contains the 
 teeth. 
 
 The babe that milks me, 
 I'd pluck my nipple from his boneless ^ums. Shah. 
 
 Sn untwists a wire, and from her gum& 
 A set of teeth completely comes. Smfi 
 
 To Gum. v. a. [from the noun.] To close 
 with gum ; to smear with gum. 
 
 The eyelids are apt to be gummed together with 
 a viscous humour. Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 Gu'mminess. n. s. [from gtimmi/.] The 
 state of being gummy ; the accumula- 
 tion of gum. 
 
 The tendons are involved with great giimminess 
 and collection of matter. iVUeman s Surgery. 
 
 GuMMo'siTY. n. s. [from gummous.] The 
 nature of gum ; gumminess. 
 
 Sugar and honey make windy liquors, and the 
 elastick fermenting particles are detained by their 
 innate gitmnnisity. Floyer. 
 
 Gu'mmous. adj. [from gum.] Of the 
 nature of gum. 
 
 Observations concernine English amber, and re- 
 lations about the amber of Prussia, prove that am- 
 ber is not a gumimms or resinous substance drawn 
 out of trees by the sun's heat, but a natural fossil. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Gu'mmy. adj. [from gum.] 
 
 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of 
 gum. 
 
 From the utmost end of the head branches there 
 issueth out a^ummyjuice, which hangeth down- 
 ward like a cord. Raleigh. 
 
 Nor all thegiunmij stores Arabia yields. Dryden. 
 
 How each arising alder now appears. 
 And o'er the Po distils her gtimmy tears. Dryden. 
 
 2. Productive of gum. 
 
 The clouds 
 Tine the slant light'ning ; wliose thwart flame 
 
 dri^''n down, 
 Kindles the gummii bark of fir and pine. Milton. 
 '.i. Overgrown with gum. 
 
 The yawning youtli, scarce half awake, essa3's 
 His lazy limbs and dozy head to raise ; 
 Then rubs his g-u»i7/!]/ eyes, and scrubs his pate. 
 
 Dryd. 
 GUN. ti. s. [Of this word there is no sa- 
 tisfactory etymology. Mv. Lj/e observes 
 that gun in Iceland signifies bultle ; but 
 when guns ca\x\e into use we had no 
 commerce with Iceland. May not gun 
 come by gradual corruption from canne, 
 ganne, gunnt? Canne is the original of 
 ca7inon^ The general name for fire- 
 arms ; the instrument from which shot 
 is discharged by fire. 
 
 G U R 
 
 These dread curses, like the sun 'gainst glass. 
 Or like an overcharged gnn^ recoil 
 And turn upon thyself Shukesp. Henry \'l. 
 
 The emperor, smiling, said that never emperor 
 was yet slain with a gun. Knolles's History. 
 
 The bullet flying, makes the gun recoil. CleaveL 
 
 In vain the dart or glitt'ring sword we shun, 
 Coiidemn'd to perish by the slaught'ringguH. Gran. 
 
 Gu'NNEL. n.s. [con-upted from gutiwak. 
 
 See Gunwale.] 
 Gu'nner. 71. s, [from gun.'] Caiuionier; 
 
 he whose employment is to manage the 
 
 artillery in a ship. 
 
 The nimble ginmer 
 
 With lynstock now tlie devilish cannon touches. 
 
 And down goes all before him. Shakesp. Henr\j V. 
 They slew the principal gunners, and carried 
 
 away their artillery. Hayuard. 
 
 Gu'nnery. n. s. [from gunner.] The 
 science of artillery; the art of managing 
 cannon. 
 
 Gunpowder, n.s. [gun 3.i\A jiowder.] 
 The powder put into guns to be fired. 
 It consists of about fifteen parts of nitre, 
 three parts of sulphur, and two of char- 
 coal. The proportions are not exactly 
 kept. 
 
 Gunpmeder consisteth of three ingredients, salt- 
 petre, smallcoal, and brimstone. Brtmns Vul. Ijr. 
 Burning by gunpowder frequently happens at sea. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 Gu'nshot. 71. s. [gtm and s ft ot.] The 
 
 reach or range of a gun; the space to 
 
 which a shot can be thrown. 
 
 Those who are come over to the royal party are 
 supposed to be out of gunshot. Dryden. 
 
 Gu'n.shot. adj. Made by the shot of a 
 gun. 
 
 The symptoms I have translated to gunshot 
 wounds. U iseman. 
 
 Gu'nsmith. n.s. [gun and s/iiith.] A 
 man whose trade is to make guns. 
 
 It is of particular esteem witii the gunsmiths for 
 stocks. Mortimer. 
 
 Gu'nstick. n. s. [gun and stick.] The 
 rammer ; or stick with \\hich the charge 
 is driven into a gun. 
 
 Ev'ii a gunstick flying into fame. Steuart. 
 
 Gu'nstock. n. s. [gun and stock.] The 
 wood to which the barrel of the gun is 
 fixed. 
 
 The timber is used for bows, pullies, screws, 
 mills, and guiistocks. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 Gu'nstone. n. s. [gmi and stone.] The 
 shot of cannon. They used formerly 
 to shoot stones fi-om artiller)'. 
 
 Tell the pleasant prince, this mock of his 
 Hath turn'd his ball to gunstones, and his soul 
 Shall stand sorecharged for the wasteful vengeance 
 That shall fly with tliem. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Gu'nwale, or Gunnel of a Ship. n. s. 
 That piece of timber which reaches on 
 either side ofthe ship from the half deck 
 to the fore-castle, being the uppermost 
 bend which finisheth the upper works of 
 the hull in that part, and wherein they 
 put the stanchions which suppoi't the 
 waste tree; and this is called the gim- 
 tcale, whether there be gun.s in the ship 
 or no ; and the lower part of any port, 
 where any ordnance are, is also termed 
 the gu/iwule. Harris. 
 
 Gukge. n s. [gurges, Lat.] Whirlpool; 
 gulf. 
 
 854
 
 G U S 
 
 Marching from Eden he shall find 
 The plain, wherein a black bituminuus ^iv^e 
 Boils out from underground. MUUmsFaradiscI^st. 
 Gu'RGlON. n. s. The coarser part of the 
 
 meal, sifted from the bran. 
 To Gl/RGLE. v.n. [gofgoliare, Ital.] To 
 fall or gush with noise, as water from a 
 bottle. 
 
 Then when a fountain's gurgUjig waters play, 
 
 Thej- rush to land, and end infeaststheday.Pcye. 
 
 'Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, 
 And waste Uieirmusick on the savage race. Young. 
 
 Gurnard. In.s. [gom-nal, Fr.] A kind 
 Gi/rnet. 3 of sea fish. 
 
 If I be not ashara'd of my soldiers I am a sowc'd 
 
 gurnet: 1 have raisus'd the King's press danniably. 
 
 Shaktsp, Henry IV. 
 
 To Gush. v.n. [gostekn, Dut] 
 
 1. To flow or rush out with violence ; not 
 to spring in a small stream, but in a 
 larger body. 
 
 A sea of blood gvsh'd from the gaping wound, 
 That her gay garments stain'd with filthy gore. 
 
 Spen. 
 The covering of this abyss was broken asunder, 
 and the water gushed out that made the deluge. 
 
 Burnet. 
 Incessant streams of thin magnetick rays 
 Gush from their fountains with impetuous force. 
 In either pole, then take an adverse course. B/acfcm. 
 
 On either hand the gushing waters play. 
 And down the rough cascade white dashing fall. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 2. To emit in a copious effluxion. 
 
 The gajiing wound gush'd out a crimson flood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Line after line my gushing eyes o'erflow. 
 Led through a sad variety of woe. Pope. 
 
 Gush. n. s. [from the verb.] An emis- 
 sion of liquor in a large quantity at once : 
 the liquor so emitted. 
 
 If a lung-vein be bursted, generallyat the first 
 cough a great gush of blood is coughed up. Harvey. 
 
 Gu'sSET. n.s. [gousset, Fr. Any thing 
 sewed on to cloth in order to strengthen 
 it. 
 
 GUST. n. s. [goust, T". guslus, Lat."] 
 
 1. Sense of tasting. 
 
 Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust, 
 Yet crj', if man's unhappy', God's unjust. Pope. 
 
 2. Height of perception; height of sen- 
 sual enjoyment. 
 
 They fondly thinking to allay 
 Their appetite with gust, instead of fruit 
 Chew'd bitter ashes, which th' offended taste 
 With spattering noise rejected. Milton. 
 
 Where love is duty on the female side, 
 
 On theirs meer sensual gust, and sought with surl^' 
 
 pride. Dryden's Fables. 
 
 My sight, and smell, and hearing were employ 'd, 
 
 And all three senses in full gust enjoy'd. Dryden. 
 
 3. Love ; liking. 
 
 To kill, I grant, is sin's cxtremest gnst; 
 But, in defence, by mercy 'tis made just. Shakesp. 
 
 Old age shall do the work of taking away both 
 the gust and comfort of them. UEstrange. 
 
 We have lost, in a great measure, the e'ust and 
 relish of true happiness. Titlotson. 
 
 4. Turn of fancy ; intellectual taste. 
 
 The principal part of painting is to find what 
 nnture has made most proper to this art, and a 
 choice of it may be made according to the »iM( and 
 maimer of the ancients. Driiien. 
 
 5. [From guster, Islandick.] A sudden 
 violent blast of wind. 
 
 She led calm Henry, though he were a k'mg. 
 As doth a sail, fili'd with a fretting gust, 
 Command an argosie to stem the waves. Shakesj). 
 
 You may as well forbid the mountain pines 
 To wag their high tops, and to make a noise. 
 When they are fretted with the gusts of heav'n. Sh. 
 
 a u T 
 
 Presently come forth swarms and volle3-s of li- 
 bels, which are the gu^s of liberty of speech re- 
 strained. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 As when fierce nortliern blasts from th Alps 
 descend, 
 From his firm roots with struggling gusts to rend 
 An aged sturdy oak. Denham. 
 
 Part stay for passage, 'till a^itrt of wind 
 Ships o'er their forces in a shinni^ bheet. Dryden. 
 
 Pardon a weak distemper'd soul, that swells 
 With sudden gusts, and sinks as soon in calms, 
 The sport of passions. Addiions Cato. 
 
 G, It is written in Spenser vitiously for 
 justSy sports. 
 
 For jdlly knidit he seem'd, and fair did sit, 
 As one for knightly gusts and fierce encounters fit. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Gu'sTABLE. adj. [gusto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To be tasted. 
 
 This position informs us of a vulgar errour, 
 terming the gall bitter; whereas tliere is nothing 
 gustabie sweeter. Harieu. 
 
 2. Pleasant to tlie taste. 
 
 A giistable thing, seen or smelt, excites the ap- 
 petite, and affects the glands and parts of the 
 mouth. Derham. 
 
 Gusta'tion, n.s, [gnstOj Lat.] The act 
 of tasting. 
 
 The gullet and conveying parts partake of the 
 nerves of gustation, or appertaining unto sapor. 
 
 Broun. 
 
 Gu'sTFUL. adj. [gitst and /«//.] Taste- 
 ful; well-tasted. 
 
 What he defaults from some dry insipid sin, is 
 but to make up for some other more gnstf'ul. 
 
 Decay if Piety. 
 
 GUSTO, n.s. [Ital.] 
 
 1 . The relish of any thing ; the power by 
 which any thing excites sensations in 
 the palate. 
 
 Pleasant gustos gratify the appetite of the luxu- 
 rious. Derham. 
 
 2. Intellectual taste ; liking. 
 
 In reading what I have written, let them bring 
 no particular gusto along with them. Dryden. 
 
 Gusty, adj. [from gust.] Stormy; tem- 
 pestuous. 
 
 Once upon a raw and gitstu day, 
 The troubled Tyber chafing with his shores. 
 
 Shakesp. Juliits Casar. 
 Or whirl'd tempestuous by the gusty wind. 
 
 Thorns. 
 GUT. 71. s. [kutteln, Germ.] 
 
 1. The long pipe reacliing witli many con- 
 volutions from the stomach to the vent. 
 
 This lord wears his wit in bis belly, and his guts 
 in his head. Shakesp. Triolus and Cressida. 
 
 A viol should have a lay of wire-strings below, 
 close to the belly, and then the strings of guts 
 mounted upon a bridge, that by this means the up- 
 per strings stricken should make the lower re- 
 sound. Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 The intestines or guts may be inflamed by any 
 acrid or poisonous substance taken inwardly. 
 
 Arbuthywt on Diet. 
 
 2. The stomach ; the receptacle of food : 
 proverbially. 
 
 And cramm'd them 'till their ^wfs did ake, 
 With cawdle, custard, and plum-cake. Hudibras. 
 
 With false weights their servants ^i(t5 they cheat, 
 And pinch ibeir own to cover the deceit. Dryden. 
 
 3. Gluttony; love of gormandising. 
 
 Apicius, thou did'st on thy guts bestow 
 Full ninety millions; yet, when this was spent. 
 Ten millions still remani'd to thee ; which thou, 
 Fearing to suffer thirst and famishment. 
 In poison'd potion drank'st. Hakcuitl on Provid. 
 
 To Gut. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To eviscerate; to draw; to exenterate. 
 
 The fishermen save the most part of their fish : 
 
 some are gutted, splitted, Dowdered, and dried. 
 
 Careiv's Comuat. 
 
 G U Z 
 
 2. To plunder of contents. 
 In Nero's arbitrary linic, 
 ^Vhen virtue was a guilt, and wealth a crime, 
 A troop of cut-throat guards were sent to seize 
 'i he rich men's goods, and gut their palaces. Dryd. 
 Tom Brown of facetious memory, b^vit\^ gutted 
 a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he 
 ple;ised. Addison. 
 
 Gu'ttated. atlj. [from gutta, Lat. a 
 drop.] Besprinkled with drops; be- 
 dropped. Did. 
 
 Gu'tter. n.s. [from guttur a throat, 
 
 I.at.] 
 I. \ pa-ssage for water ; a passage made 
 by water. 
 
 'I'hese gutter tiles are in length ten inchea and a 
 half Moion. 
 
 Kocks rise one above another, and have deep 
 gutters worn in the sides of them by lorretita of 
 rain. Addison on Italy. 
 
 •2. A small longitudinal hollow. 
 To Gutter, v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 cut in small hollows. 
 Tempests themselves, high seas, and buwling 
 \\iiids. 
 The guttered rocks, and congregated sands. 
 Traitors ensteep'd to clog the guiltless keel. 
 As having sense of beauty, do omit 
 Tlieir mortal natures, letting safe go by 
 The divine "Desdemona. Shakesp. Othello, 
 
 Wy cheeks are gutter'd with my frettnig tears. 
 
 Sandys. 
 First in a place, by nature close, they build 
 A narrow flooring, gutter't/, wall'^l, and til'd. Drijd. 
 
 To Guttle, v. n. [from gut.'\ To feed 
 luxutriously ; to gormandise. A low 
 word. 
 
 His jiilly brother, opposite in sense, 
 Lauehs at his thrift ; and, lavish of expence, 
 QuaBs, crams, and guttles in his owndefeiKe. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 To Gu'ttle. V. a. [from gut.'\ To swal- 
 low. A low word. 
 
 The foil spit in his porridge, to try if they'd 
 hiss : thev did not hiss, and so he guttied them up, 
 and scalded his chops. VEstrange. 
 
 G u'ttler. n. s. [from guttle.'] \ greedy 
 
 eater. 
 GuTTULOUS. adj. [from gultula, Lat.] 
 In the form of a small drop. 
 
 Ice is plain upon the surface of the water, but 
 round in hail, which is also a glaciation, and 
 figured in its guttulous descent from the air. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err, 
 
 GUTTURAL, adj. [gulluralls, Lat.] 
 Pronounced with the throat ; belonging 
 to the throat. 
 
 The Hebrews have assigned which letters are 
 labial, which dental, and which guttural. Bacon. 
 
 In attempting to pronouuce the nasals, and 
 some uf the vowels spiritally, the throat is brought 
 to labour, and makes tliat wliich we call a o-uttu- 
 ral prnnur.ciation. Hoider. 
 
 GuTTURALNESs. n. s. [ScoTQ guttural.] 
 The quality of being guttural. Diet. 
 
 Gu'twort. v.s. [gilt and n-ort.] .\n 
 herb. 
 
 Guy. n. s, [from guide.] A rope used to 
 lift anj' thing into the ship. Skinner. 
 
 To Gu'zzLE. r. n. [from gut or gust, to 
 guttle or gustle.] To gormandise ; to 
 feed immoderatel)- ; to swallow any li- 
 quor greedily. 
 
 Well season'd bowls the gossip's spirits raise. 
 Who while she gttzzles chats the doctor's praise. 
 
 They fell to lapping and guzding. till tkej 
 burst themselves, L'Estrang*. 
 
 855
 
 G YM 
 
 No more her care shall fill the hollow tray. 
 To fat the gmzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay. 
 To <iu'zzLE. V. a. To swallow with im- 
 moderate gust. 
 
 The Pylian king 
 Was longest iiv'd of any two-Iegg'd thing, 
 Still gnzzting must of wine. Dryden. 
 
 Guzzler, n. s. \fi-om guzzle. "[ A gorman- 
 diser ; an immoderate eater or drinker. 
 
 Gybe. n.s. [See Gibe.] A sneer; a 
 taunt ; a sarcasm. 
 
 Read3' in gybes, quick answer'd, saucy, and as 
 quarrc-llous as the weazel. Shakesp. Cymbetine. 
 
 To Gybe. v. n. To sneer; to taunt. 
 
 The vulgar yield an open ear, 
 And common courtiers love to gybe and fleer. Spens. 
 
 Gymna'stically. adv. [bon^ gymnas- 
 tick.] Athletically ; fitly for strong 
 exercise. 
 
 Such as with agility and vigour are not gyrmiasti- 
 caUy composed , nor actively use thoseparts. iirou'«. 
 GYMNA'STICK. (Zf//. [yj/itarixo^ ; gym- 
 nastigue, Fr.] Pertaining toathletick ex- 
 ercise; consisting of leaping, wrestling, 
 running, throwing the dart, or quoit. 
 
 The Cretans wisely forbid their servants gym- 
 nasticks as well as arras ; and yet your raodern 
 footmen exercise themselves daily, whilst their 
 enervated lords are softly lolling in their chariots. 
 
 Arbulhrwt. 
 
 G Y R 
 
 Gy'mnick. adj. [yviitMo;; gymnique, Fr.] 
 Such as practise the athletick or gym- 
 nastick e.vercises. 
 
 Have they not sword-players, and ev'ry sort 
 Of ^j/mnic/c artists, wrestlers, riders, runners? Milt. 
 
 Gymnospe'rmous. adj. [yi/'^y®- and 
 o-ir»5f*a.] Having the seeds naked. 
 
 Gy'NECOCRACY. n. S. lyvtxiKtx^aTta ; gy- 
 necocrutie, Fr.] Petticoat government ; 
 female power. 
 
 Gyration. M.S. [ff^ro, Lat.] The act 
 of turning any thing about. 
 
 This etHuvium attenuateth and impelleth the 
 neighbour air, which, returning home, in a ^i/ro- 
 t'wti carrieth with it the obvious bodies intothe 
 electrick. Broun. 
 
 If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a 
 circle with gyi-atimis, continually repeated, the 
 whole circle will appear like fire ; the reason of 
 which is, that the sensation of the coal in the se- 
 veral places of that circle remains impressed on 
 the sensorium, until the coal return again to the 
 same place. Neuton. 
 
 Gyre. n. s. [gyrus, Lat] A circle de- 
 scribed by any thing moving in an orbit. 
 
 Ne thenceforth his approved skill to ward. 
 Or strike, or hurlen round in warlike ^j/re, 
 
 Remember'd he ; ne car'd for his sate guard. 
 But rudely rag'd. Spenser. 
 
 G Y V 
 
 Does tlie wild haggard tow'r into the sky, 
 And to the South by thy direction fly ? 
 Or eagle in her gyres the clouds embrace ? Sandys. 
 
 He fashion'd those harmonious orbs, that roll 
 In restless gyres about tlie Artick pole. Sandys 
 
 Quick and more quick he spins in giddy jtm-o, 
 Ihen falls, and m much foam his soul expires. 
 _, , 7. x^ ,!■ . Dryden. 
 
 GY RED. adj. Falbng m rings. 
 
 Hamlet, with his doublet all unbrac'd, 
 No hat upon his head, his stockings loose 
 Ungarter d, and down gvred to his ankle. Shakesp 
 
 Gyves, n.s. [geryn, Welsh.]' Fetters; 
 chains for the legs. 
 
 The villains march wide betwixt the legs as if 
 they liad gyms on. Shakesp. 
 
 And knowing this, should I yet stay. 
 Like such as blow away their lives 
 And never will redeem a day, 
 Enaraour-d of their golden gyves ? Ben Jonson. 
 
 Ihe poor prisoners, boldly starting up break 
 off their chains andjyves. Knolles. 
 
 Lryves and the milfhad tam d thee. Milton 
 
 But Talemon rush'd in, and han'd to meet 
 A rising root, that held his fasten d feet ; 
 So down he fell, whom sprawling on the ground 
 His brother from the wooden o-j/ffs unbound. Drud. 
 
 To Gyve. v. a. [from the noun.] To fet- 
 ter ; to shackle ; to enchain ; to ensnare. 
 With as little a web as this, will I ensnare as 
 great a fiy as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do. I 
 will gyve thee in tliine own courtship. Shakesp. 
 
 H A B 
 
 tX Is in English, as in other languages, 
 a note of aspiration, sounded only 
 by a strong emission of the breath, with- 
 out any conformation of the organs of 
 speech, and is therefore by many gram- 
 marians accounted no letter. The h in 
 English is scarcely ever mute at the be- 
 ginning of a word, or where it imme- 
 diately precedes a vowel ; as house, 
 behaviour: where it is followed by a 
 consonant it has no sound, according to 
 the present pronunciation ; but anciently, 
 as now in Scotland, it made the syllable 
 guttural ; as right, bought. 
 Ha. interject, [ha, Lat.] 
 
 1. An exjjression of wonder, surprise, 
 sudden question, or sudden exertion. 
 
 \ ou shall look fairer ere I give or hazard : 
 Wliat says the golden chest ? %a ! let me sec. Shuk. 
 
 Ha! ivhat art thou ! thou horrid headless trunk I 
 It is my Hastings ! Roue's Jane Shore. 
 
 2. An expression of laughter. Used with 
 reduplication. 
 
 He saith among the trumpets ha, ha, and he 
 sraelleth the battle afar ofl". Job, xxxix. So. 
 
 Ba, ha, 'tis what so long 1 wish'd and vow'd ; 
 Our plots and delusions 
 Have wrought such confusions. 
 That the monarch's a slave to the crown. Drvd. 
 
 Haak. n.s. A fish. Ainsworth. 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. [Lat.] A writ, 
 the which, a man indicted of some tres- 
 pass, being laid in prison for the same, 
 may have out of the King's Bench, 
 thereby to remove himself thilher at his 
 own co.?t, and to answer the cause there. 
 
 Cowil. 
 
 Haberda'sher. h. s. [This word is in- 
 geniously deduced by Minsherv from 
 
 H. 
 
 H A B 
 
 haht ihr dassj Germ, have you this, the 
 expression of a shopkeeper offering his 
 wares to sale.] One who sells small 
 wares ; a pedlar. 
 
 Because these cuaning men are like habei-dashers 
 of small wares, it is not amiss to set forth tlieir 
 shop. Bacon. 
 
 A haberdasher, who was the oracle of the coffee- 
 hous«, declared his opinion. Addison. 
 
 H a'berdine. ?i, 5. A dried salt cod. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 Ha'bergeon. 71. s. [haubergeon, Fr. hal~ 
 hergium, low Lat.] Armour to cover 
 the neck and breast ; breast-plate ; neck- 
 piece; gorget. 
 
 And halbert some, and some a kabergion ; 
 So every one in arms was quickly dight. Fairfax. 
 
 Tlie shot let fly, and grazing 
 Upon his sliuuldcr, in the passnig, 
 Lodg'd in I\Iagnauu*s brass haber^ton. Hudibras. 
 
 Habi'liment. w. s. [habiliment, Fr.] 
 Dress ; clothes ; garment. 
 
 He the fairest Una fuund, 
 Strange lady, in so strange habUiment, 
 Teaching tlie sat v res. Fairy Queen. 
 
 i\Iy riches are these poor hah'dimnxts. 
 Of wliich if you should here disfurnish me, 
 You take the sum and substance that I have. Shak. 
 
 The clerg3' should content themselves with 
 wearing guwns and other habUiments of Irish 
 drapery. Swift. 
 
 To HABILITATE, v.n. [hahiliter, Fr.] 
 To qualifj' ; to entitle. Not in use. 
 
 Divers persons in the house of commons were 
 attainted, and thereby not legal, nor habilitate to 
 serve in parliament, being disabled in the highest 
 degree. Bacon. 
 
 Habilita'tion. n. s. [from habilitate.'] 
 Qualification. 
 
 The things are hut habilitations towards arms ; 
 and what is habilitation, without intention and 
 acl.^ Baeon. 
 
 H A B 
 
 Habi'lity. n.s. [habilite, Fr.] Faculty; 
 
 power: now ability. 
 Habit, n. s. [habitus, Lat] 
 
 1. State of any thing : as habit of body. 
 
 2. Dress ; accouti*ement ; garment. 
 
 I shifted 
 Into a madman's ra^s, t' assume a semblance 
 The very dog s disdain'd ; and in this habit 
 Met I my father. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 If you have any justice, any pity ; 
 If ye be any thing but churchmen's /taZjjVi.i/iafccsp. 
 
 JJolh the poets being dressed in the same Eng- 
 lish habit, stury compared with story, judgment 
 may be made betwixt them. Dryden. 
 
 the scenes are old, the habits are the same 
 We wore last year. Dryden. 
 
 Changes there are in veins of wit, like those of 
 habits, ur other modes. Temple. 
 
 There are amnng the statues several of Venus, 
 in ditierent habits. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The clergy are the only set of men who wear 
 a distinct habit from others. Suift. 
 
 3. Habit is a power or ability in man of 
 doing any thing, when it has been ac- 
 quired by frequent doing the same thing. 
 
 L.ocke, 
 
 He hath a better bad fta6i( of frowning than the 
 count Palatine. Shakesp, 
 
 4. Custom ; inveterate use. 
 
 The last fatal step is, by frequent repetition of 
 the sinful act, to continue and persist in it, 'till at 
 length it settles into a fixed confirmed habit of sin ; 
 winch being that which the apostle calls the finish- 
 ing of sin, ends certainly in death ; death not only 
 as to merit, but also as to actual infliction. South, 
 
 No civil broils have since his death arose. 
 But faction now by liabit does obey j 
 
 And wars have that respect for his repose. 
 As winds for halcyons when they breed at sea. 
 
 Dri{den. 
 
 The force of education Is so great, that we may 
 mould the minds and manners of the young into 
 what shape we please, and give the impressions 
 of such habits, as shall ever alterwards remain. 
 
 Atterburv. 
 
 856
 
 n A B 
 
 To Ha'bit. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 dress ; to accoutre ; to array. 
 
 Present yourself and vour fair princess 
 Before Leontcs : 
 
 She shall be habited as it bccnnies 
 The partner of your bed. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Havine called to his memory Sir George A'il- 
 liers, and the cioalhs he used to wear, iii which at 
 that time he seemed to be habited, he tliought him 
 to be that person. Clarendon. 
 
 Tlicy habited ihcniselves like those rural deities, 
 
 and imitated them in their rustick dances. Dryd. 
 
 HA'BITABLE. adj. [hahUable, Fr. habi- 
 
 tabilis, Lat.] Capable of being dwelt in ; 
 
 capable of sustaining human creatures. 
 
 By means of our solitary situation, we know- 
 well must part of the habitable world, and are 
 ourselves unknown. Bacon. 
 
 That was her torrid and inflaming time : 
 This is her habitable tropii|ue clime. Donne. 
 
 The torrid zone is now found habitable. Coicley. 
 
 Look round the habitable world, how few 
 Know their own good, or knowing it pursue. Dryr/. 
 
 Ha'bitableness. n. s. [from habitable.] 
 Capacity of being dwelt in. 
 
 The cutting of the Equinoctial line decides that 
 controversy of the habita' leness of the torrid zone. 
 
 More. 
 
 Those ancient problems of the spherical round- 
 ness of the earth, the being of antipodes, and of 
 the habitableness of the torrid zone, are abundant- 
 ly demonstrated. Ray. 
 
 Ha'bitance. n.s. [habitatio, Lat.] Dwell- 
 ing ; abode. 
 
 Where art thou, man, if man at all thou art. 
 That here in desart hast tliine habitance? 
 
 And these rich heaps of wealth do'st Iiide apart 
 
 FroiD the world's eye, and from her right usance. 
 
 Spenser's Fairy Queen. 
 
 H.\'bitant. n. s. [habitant, Fr. habitans, 
 
 Lat.] Dweller ; one that lives in any 
 
 place ; inhabitant. 
 
 Not to earth are those bright luminaries 
 Officious ; but to the earth's habitant. Milton. 
 
 Pow'rs celestial to each other's view 
 Stand still confest, though distant far they lie. 
 Or habitants of earth, or sea, or sky. Pope. 
 
 Habit a'tion. n. s. [habitation, Fr. habi- 
 tatio, Lat.] 
 - The state of a place receiving dwellers. 
 
 Amplitude almost immense, with stars 
 Numerous, and every star perhaps a world 
 Of destin'd habitation. Milton. 
 
 . jVct of inhabiting ; state of dwelling. 
 
 Palaces, 
 For want of habitation and repair. 
 Dissolve to heaps of ruins. Denham, 
 
 Rocks and mountains, which in the 6rst ages 
 
 were high and craggy, aird consequently then ni- 
 
 convenient for habitation, were by continual deter- 
 
 ration brought to a lower pitch. JVoodmtrd. 
 
 3. Place of abode ; dwelling. 
 
 Wisdom, to the end she might save many, built 
 her house of that nature which is common unto 
 all ; she made not this or that man her habitation, 
 but dwelt in us. Hooker. 
 
 God oft descends to visit men 
 Unseen, and through their AofcitatiDHs walks 
 To mark their doings. Milton. 
 
 HABITATOR. n.s. [Lat.] Dweller; 
 inhabitant. 
 
 The sun's presence is more continued unto .the 
 northern inhabitants ; and the longest day in 
 Cancer is longer unto us than th;it in Capricorn 
 unto the southern habitatms. Brown. 
 
 Habi'tual. arf/. [habitue/ {rom habit, Fr.] 
 Customary ; accustomed ; inveterate ; 
 established by frequent repetition. It 
 is used for both good and ill 
 
 Sin, there in pow'r before 
 Once actual ; now in body, and to dwell 
 Habitual habitant. Milton. 
 
 Vol. L 
 
 H A C 
 
 Art is properly an habitual knowledge of cer- 
 tain rules ana maxims. South. 
 
 By Iciijitli of lime 
 Tfie scurf is worn away of each committed crime : 
 No speck is left of their habitual stains ; 
 But the pure ether of the soul remains. J^rijdfn. 
 
 'Tis impossihle to iKCome an able artist, with- 
 out making yuur art habitual to you. Druden. 
 
 Habi'tually. tf</r, [horn habitual,'] Cus- 
 tomarily ; by habit. 
 
 Internal graces and qualities of min 1 sanctify 
 onr natures, and render us hahituailxf holy. Atlerb. 
 
 To Haiu'ti ATE. V. a. [habiteuvj Fr.] To 
 accustom ; to use one's self by frequent 
 repetition ; with (o. 
 
 Men are first corru|)tcd by bad counsel and 
 company, and next they habituate themselves to 
 their vicious practices. Tithtsou. 
 
 Sucli as live in a rarer air are habituated to the 
 exercise of a greater muscular stTsagih.Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ha'bitude. n.s. [kabititdo, Lat. habi- 
 tude, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Relation ; respect ; state with regard to 
 something else. 
 
 We cannot conclude this complexion of nations 
 from the vicinity or habitude they hold unto the 
 sun. Broun. 
 
 I'he will of God is like a strejght unailerahle 
 rule ; but tiie various comportments of tlie crea- 
 ture, either thwarting this nile, or holding con- 
 formity to it, occasions several habitudes of this 
 rule unto it. Hale. 
 
 It results from tlie very nature of things, as they 
 stand in such a certain habitude, or relaliun to one 
 another. South. 
 
 As by tlie objective part of perfect happiness 
 we understand that which is best and last, and to 
 which all other tilings are to be referred ; so by 
 the formal part must be umlerstood the best and 
 last habitude of man tovrard that best object. 
 
 Noiris. 
 
 In all the habitudes of life. 
 The friend, the mistress, and tlie wife. 
 Variety we still pursue. Swift. 
 
 2. Familiarity ; converse; frequent inter- 
 course. 
 
 His knowledge in the noblest useful arts. 
 Was such dead authors ciuld not give ; 
 But habitudes witli tliose "ho live. Drijden. 
 
 To write well, one must have frequent habitudes 
 with the best company. Vruden. 
 
 3. Long custom ; habit ; inveterate use. 
 This is more properly habit. 
 
 Mankind is willing to continue in a [.leasing 
 error, strengthened by a long habitude. Dryden, 
 
 Thy ear, inur'd to charitable sounds. 
 And pitying iove, must feel the hateful wounds 
 Of jest obscene, and vulvar ribaldry. 
 The ill-bred question, and the iond rejtly, 
 Brought by long habitiule from had to worse . 
 Must hear the frequent oath, the direful curse. 
 
 4. The power of doing any thing acquired 
 by frequent repetition. 
 
 It is impossible to gain an exact habitude, with- 
 out an infinite number of acts and perpetual prac- 
 tice. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'bnab. adv. [hap ne hap, or nap; as 
 ivould notddy or ne would ; tc'dl nill, or 
 ne will ; that is, let it happen or not.^ 
 At random ; at the mercy of« chance ; 
 without any rule or certainty of effect. 
 
 He circles draws, and squares. 
 With ci? pliers, astral characters ; 
 Then looks 'em o'er to understand 'em, 
 Althooiih set down hahnab at random. Hndibras. 
 
 To HACK. r. a. [paccan. Sax. hackcti, 
 Dut. hacha\ Fr. from acaj^e an axe. Sax.] 
 
 1 . To cut into small pieces ; to chop ; to 
 cut slightly with frequent blows ; to man- 
 gle with unskilful blows. It bears com- 
 
 HAD 
 
 monly some notion of contempt or ma- 
 lignity. 
 
 He |iut on that armour, whereof there was no 
 
 one piece wanting, tliough hacked in some places, 
 
 bewraying some fight not long since passed. .Suin. 
 
 What a slave art thou, to fcac/c thy sword as thou 
 
 linst done, and say it was in fight ! Siiaketp. 
 
 Richard the Second here was hack'd to death 
 
 Shakap. 
 I'll fight 'till from mjr bones my flesh be haekt. 
 
 Shakap. 
 One flourisliing branch of bis most royal root 
 Is hackt down, and his Summer leaves all faded. 
 By envy's hand, and murder's bloodv ancShakesp. 
 Burn nie, hark me, hew me into pfeces. Dryden. 
 Not the hack'd helmet, nor the dusty field. 
 But purple vests, and flow'ry garlands please. 
 
 Addii^m. 
 But fate with butchers plac'd thy priestly stall, 
 jNleek modern faith to murder, hack, and mawl. 
 
 Pi-pe. 
 2. To speak unreailily, or with hesitation. 
 
 Disarin thcni, and let them question; let them 
 keep their limbs whole, and bach our £nglish.6/ta/c. 
 
 To HACK. r. 71. To hackney; to turn 
 hackney or prostitute. Hanmer. 
 
 Ha'ckle. n. s. Raw silk ; any flimsy sub- 
 stance unspun. 
 
 Take the hackle of a cock or capon*s neck, or a 
 plover's top : take off one side of the feather, and 
 then take the hackle silk, gold or silver thread, and 
 make these fast at tlic bent of the book. Wallrm. 
 
 To H.VCKLE. V. a. To dress flax. 
 Ha'ckney. ji.s. [hacknai, Welsh ; hacke- 
 neye, Teutonick ; haqiience, Fr.] 
 
 1. A pacing horse. 
 
 2. A hired horse ; hired horses being 
 usually taught to pace, or recommended 
 as trood pacers. 
 
 Liizht and lewd persons were as easily suborned 
 to make an affidavit for money, as post-horses and 
 hackneys are taken to hire. Bacon. 
 
 Who, mounted on a broom, the nag 
 And hackney of a Lapland ha:;. 
 In que>t of '30U came hither post. Hudibras. 
 
 3. An hireling ; a prostitute. 
 
 Three kingdoms rung 
 With his accumulative and hackney tongue. Rote. 
 
 That is no more than every lover 
 Does for his hacknev lady suffer. Hudibras. 
 
 Shall each spurirall'd hackney of the day. 
 Or each new pensiou'd sycophant, pretend 
 To break my windows. Pope. 
 
 4. Anj' thing let out for hire. 
 
 A wit can study in the streets : 
 Not quite so well, however, as one ought ; 
 A hackney coach may chauce to tpuil a thought. 
 
 Pope. 
 3. Much used ; common. 
 
 Th»se notions youn| students in physick derive 
 from their hackney aulliors. Harvey. 
 
 To Hackney, t'. a. [from the noun.] To 
 practise in one thing ; to accustom, as to 
 the road. 
 
 He is long hackney'd in the ways of racn.Shakesp. 
 Ha'cqueton. II. s. [haqut't, old Fr. a lit- 
 tle horse.] Some piece of armour. 
 
 You may sec the very fashion of the Irish horse- 
 man in his long hose, riding shoes of costly cord- 
 waiu, his hacqneton, and bis habergeon. Spetixr. 
 Had. The preterite and part. pass, oi have. 
 1 had better, you had better, &c. means 
 the same as, it would be better for me or 
 1/on; or, it would be more eliphle: it is 
 always used potentially, not indicati\< Iv: 
 nor is have ever used to tliat itnpoi t. ^^'e 
 say likewise, (7 had been bctttr or ucrse. 
 
 1 had r.ither be a country servant maid, 
 ThaJi a great queen with this cojulilion. Shakesp. 
 
 Had we not better leave this Uiica, 
 To arm Nuiiiidia in our cause ? Addhan't Cale, 
 
 5R 857
 
 H A G 
 
 Haddock. ?(. s. [hadof, Fr.] A sea fish 
 
 of the cod kindj but small. 
 The coast is plentifully stored with pilchards, 
 
 herrings, and haddocks. Carew. 
 
 Haft. /(. s. [naep^j Sax, heftj Dut. from 
 
 To have or hold.] A handle; that part of 
 
 any instrument that is taken into the 
 
 hand. 
 
 Tin's brandish'd dagger 
 Dl bur}' to the hajt \i\ Iier fair breast. Druden. 
 
 These extremities of the joints are tlie hafts and 
 handles of the members. Drydens Dnfresiwy. 
 
 A needle is a simple body, being only made uf 
 steel ; but a sword is a conipound, because its haft 
 or liandle is made of materials diilerent from the 
 blade. Watts. 
 
 To Haft. v. a. [from the noun.] To set 
 in a haft. Ainsicorfh, 
 
 HAG. n. s. [pagej-j-eagoblin. Sax. heckle 
 a witch, Dut.] 
 
 1 . A fury ; a she monster. 
 
 Thus s[>oke th' impatient prince, and made a 
 pause : 
 His foul ha^s rais'd their heads, and clapt their 
 hands ; 
 And ail the powers of hell, in full applause, 
 Flourish'd their snakes, and tost their flaming 
 brands. Crashau\ 
 
 2. A Avitch ; an enchantress. 
 
 Out of ray door, you witch! you hag, you bag- 
 gage, you poulcat,*you runnion. Shaktsp. 
 
 3. An old ugly woman. 
 
 Such affectations may become the young ; 
 But thou, old hag, of threescore years and three, 
 Is shewing of thy parts in Greek for thee? Drijd. 
 
 To Hag. v. a. [from the noun.] To tor- 
 ment ; to hai ass with vain terrour. 
 
 That makes them in the dark see visions, 
 And hag themselves with apparitions. Hudibras. 
 
 How are superstitious men hanged out of their 
 wits with the fancy of omens, tales, and visions ! 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 Ha'gard. adj\ [hazard, Fr.] 
 1 , Wild ; untamed ; irreclaimable. 
 
 As hagard hawk, presuming to contend 
 With hardy fowl abore his able might. 
 
 His weary pounces all in vain doth spend. 
 To truss the prey too heavy for his flight. Patri/Q. 
 
 She's too disdainful ; 
 I know her spirits are as coy and wild. 
 As hagard as the rock. Shakesp. 
 
 ^.[Hagerj Germ.] Lean; rugged; per- 
 haps, ugly. To this sense I have put 
 the following passage ; for the author 
 ought to have written hagard. 
 
 A hag^ed carion of a wolf, and a jolly sort of 
 dog, with good flesh upon's back, fell into com- 
 pany together. VEstrange. 
 3. Deformed with passion; wildly disor- 
 dered. 
 
 Fearful besides of what in fight had passd,' 
 His hands and hagard eyes toheav'nhe castDryd. 
 Where are the conscious looks, the face now pale, 
 Now flushing red, the down-cast hagard eyes, 
 Or fixt on earth, or slowly rais'd! Smith. 
 
 Haggard, n. «. 
 
 1. Any thing wild or irreclaimable. 
 
 1 will be married to a wealthy widow, 
 Ere three days pass, which has as longlov'd rae 
 As I have lov'd this proud disdainful haggard.Shak. 
 
 2. A species of hawk. 
 
 Does tlie wild haggard tow'r into the sky. 
 And to the South by thy direction fly ? Saiidys. 
 
 I enlarge my discourse to the observation of the 
 aires, the brancher^ the raraish hawk, and the 
 haggard. Walton. 
 
 S. A hag. So Garth has used it for want 
 of understanding it. 
 
 Beneath the gloomy covert of an yew, 
 In a dark ^rot, the baleful haggard lay. 
 Breathing black vengeance, and infecting day. 
 
 Cfarth, 
 
 H A I 
 
 Ha'ggardly. adv. [from haggard.] De- 
 formeflly ; uglily. 
 
 For iier the rich Arabia sweats her gum ; 
 And precious oils from distant Indies come. 
 How haggardly soe'er she looks at home. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'ggeSS. n. s. [from hog or hack.] A 
 mass of meat, generally pork chopped, 
 and inclosed in a membrane. In Scot- 
 land it is commonly made in a sheep's 
 maw of the entrails of the same animal, 
 cut small, with suet and spices. 
 
 Ha'ggish. adj. [from hag.] Of the na- 
 ture of a hag ; deformed ; horrid. 
 
 But on us both did Itaggish age steal on. 
 And wore us out of act. Shakesp. 
 
 To HAGGLE, v. a. [corrupted from 
 hackle or hack.] To cut ; to chop ; to 
 mangle : always in a bad sense. 
 
 SutTolk first died, and York all haggled o'er, 
 Comes to him where in gore he lay insteep'd. Sfta/c. 
 
 To Haggle, v. n. To be tedious in a bar- 
 gain ; to be long in coming to the price. 
 Haggler, n. s. [from haggle.] 
 
 1 . One that cuts. 
 
 2. One that is tardy in bargaining. 
 Ha'giographer. n. s. [ayi^^and ye^i.<pu.] 
 
 A holy writer. The Jews divide the Holy 
 Scriptures of the Old Testament into 
 the law, the prophets, and thehagiogra- 
 pkers. 
 Hah. interject. An expression of sudden 
 effort. 
 
 Her coats tuck'd up, and all her motions just, 
 Slie stamps, and then cries hah! at ev'ry thrust. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 HAIL. n. s. [hajel. Sax.] Drops of rain 
 frozen in their falling. Locke. 
 
 Thunder mix'd with hailt 
 Hail mix'd with fire, must rend th' Egyptian sky. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To Hail. v. n. To pour down hail. 
 
 My people shall dwell in a peaceable habitation 
 wlieii it shall hail, coming down on the forest. 
 
 J& xxxii. 19. 
 
 Hail, interject, [hoel health, Sax. hail, 
 therefore, is the same as salve of the La- 
 tins, or iymUi of the Greeks, health be to 
 you.] A term of salutation now used only 
 in poetry ; health be to you. It is used 
 likewise to things inanimate, 
 
 Hailt hdil, brave friend ! 
 Say to the king the knowledge of the broil. .Shah. 
 
 Her sick head is bound about with clouds : 
 It does not look as it would have a hail^ 
 Or health wish'd in it, as on other moim. B.Jonson. 
 
 The angel hail 
 Bestow'd, the holy salutation usM 
 Long after to blest Mary, second Eve. Milton. 
 
 Farewell, happy fields, 
 "Where joy for ever dwells ! fiai/ horrors ! hail 
 Infernal world ! and thou profoundest hell 
 Receive thy new possessor ! Milton. 
 
 All hail, he cry'd, thy country's grace and love ? 
 Once first of men below, now hrst of birds above. 
 
 Druden. 
 Hail to the sun ! from whose returning light 
 The cheerful soldier's arms new lustre take. Rowe. 
 
 To Hail. v. a. [from the noun.] To sa- 
 lute ; to call to. 
 
 A galley drawing near unto the shore was haikd 
 by a Turk, accompanied with a troop of horsemen. 
 
 Kiwlks. 
 Thrice call upon my name, thrice beat your breast. 
 And hail me thrice to everlasting rest. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'ilshot. w. *. [hail and shot.] Small 
 shot scattered like hail. 
 The master of the artillerv did visit them sharp- 
 
 H A I 
 
 ly with murdering haiUhot, from the pieces mount- 
 ed towards the top of the liiU. Hayviard. 
 
 Ha'ilstone. ?2. «. [hail and stone.] A par- 
 ticle or single ball of hail. 
 
 You are no surer, no, 
 Than is the coal of fire upon the ice, 
 Or hailstone in the sun. Shakap, 
 
 Hard hailstones lie not thicker on the plain. 
 Nor shaken oaks such sliow'rs of acorns rain.Dn/i 
 Ha'ily. adj.[from hail. ]ConsistingofhaiI. 
 From whose dark womb a rattling tempest pours, 
 Whicli the cold North congeals to haily showers. 
 
 Pope. 
 HAIR. n. s. [ha-ri. Sax.] 
 
 1. One of the common teguments of the 
 body. It is to be found upon all the parts 
 of the body, except the soles of ihe feet 
 and palms of the hands. When we exa- 
 mine the hairs with a microscope, we find 
 that they have each a round bulbous root 
 which lies pretty deep in the skin, and 
 uhich draws their nourishment from the 
 surrounding humours : that each hair 
 consists of five or six otiiers, wrapt up in 
 a common tegument or tube. They grow 
 as the nails do, each part near the root 
 thrusting forward that which is immedi- 
 atelj' above it, and not by any liquor run- 
 ning along the hair in tubes, as plants 
 grow. Qitinci/. 
 
 My fleece of woolly hair uncurls. Shakesp. 
 
 Shall the ditference of hair only, on the skin, 
 be a mark of a different internal constitution be- 
 tween a changeling and a drill? Locke 
 
 2. A single hair. 
 
 Naughty lady, 
 These hairs which thou do'st ravish from my chin. 
 Will quicken and accuse thee. Shakesp. 
 
 jMuch is breeding ; 
 Which, like the courser's hair, hath yet but life. 
 And not a serpent's poison. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Any thing proverbially small. 
 
 If thou tak'st more 
 Or less than just a pound ; if the scale turn 
 But in the estimation of a hair. 
 Thou diest. Shakesp. 
 
 He judges to a hair of little indecencies, and 
 knows belter than any man what is not to be 
 written. Dryden. 
 
 4. Course ; order ; grain ; the hair failing 
 in a certain direction. 
 
 He is a curer of souls, and you a curei , jot- 
 dies : if you should fight, you go against the hair 
 of your profession. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'irbrained. adj. [This should rather 
 be written harebrained, unconstant, un- 
 settled, wild as a Ao'e.] Wild; irregular; 
 
 unsteady. 
 
 Let's leave this town ; for they are hairhrain'd 
 
 slaves. 
 
 And hunger will enforce them he more eager. Shak. 
 
 Ha'irbreadth. n. s. [hair and breadth.] 
 
 A very small distance; the diameter of a 
 
 hair. 
 
 Seven hundred chosen men left-handed could 
 sling stones at an hairbreadth, and not miss. 
 
 Judges, %%.1i6. 
 I spoke of most disastrous chances. 
 Of moving accidents by flood and field ; 
 Of liairbreadth 'scapes in th' imminent deadly 
 breach. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'irbel. n. s. The name of a flower; 
 
 the hyacinth. 
 Haircloth, n s. [hair and c/o/A.] Stuff 
 made of hair, very rough and prickly, 
 worn sometimes in mortification. 
 
 It is composed of reeds and parts of plants 
 woven together, like a piece of haircloth. Crew. 
 
 858
 
 HAL 
 
 Ha'irlace. n. s. [hair and lace.] Thefil 
 let with which women tie up their hair. 
 
 Sorae worms are commonly resembled^ to a wo- 
 man's hairlacc or fillet, thence called tenia. 
 
 Harvey. 
 If Molly happens to be careless, 
 And but neglects to warm her hairlace. 
 She gets a cold as sure as death. ^ Swift. 
 
 HA'iRLESS.arf/. [froniAfliV.] Wanting hair. 
 While beards have arm'd llieir thin and hairless 
 scalps 
 Against thy majesty. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'iriness. n.s. [from hairy.l The state 
 of being covered with hair, or abounding 
 with hair. 
 Ha'iry. adj. [from hair.'] 
 
 1 . O vergrown with hair ; covered with hair. 
 
 .She his hairy temples then had rounded 
 ^Vitll coronet of flowers. _ Shakesp. 
 
 Chililren are not hairy, for that their skins are 
 more perspirable. Bacoji. 
 
 2. Consisting of hair. 
 
 Storms have shed 
 From vines the hairy honours of their he^d.Dryden. 
 
 Hake. n. s, A kind of fish. 
 
 The coast is stored with mackrel and hake. 
 
 CareiL'. 
 
 Ha'kot. n. s. [from hake.] A kind of fish. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 
 Hal. in local names, is derived like al from 
 the Sax. fealle, i. e. a hall, a palace. In 
 Gothick alh signifies a temple, or an}' 
 other famous building. G/ftiO'i's Camden. 
 
 HA'LBERD. n. s. [halebarde, Fr. halle- 
 harde, Dut. from harde an axe, and hah 
 a court, halberds being the common wea- 
 pons of guards.] A battle-axe fixed to 
 a long pole. 
 
 Advance thy /latterd higher than my breast. S/iofc. 
 
 Our halberds did shut up his passage. Shakesp. 
 
 Four knaves in garbs succinct, a trusty band. 
 Caps on their heads, and halberds in their hand. 
 Draw forth to combat on the vt-Ivet plain. Pope. 
 Ha'lberdier. n.s. [halberdier, Fr. from 
 halberd.] One who is armed with a 
 halberd. 
 
 The duchess appointed bitn a guard of thirty 
 haWerdeers, in a livery of murrey and blue, to at- 
 tend his person. Bucon. 
 
 The king had only his halherdeers, and fewer 
 of them than used to go with hiui. Clarendon. 
 Ha'lcyon. n. s. [halcyo, Lat.] A bird, 
 of which it is said that she breeds in tlie 
 sea, and that there is always a calm dur- 
 ing her incubation. 
 
 Such srailini; rogues, as these, sooth ev'ry passion. 
 Bring oil to fire, sn(»\r to their colder moods ; 
 Renege, atHrm, and turn their halcyon beaks 
 With ev'ry gale and vary of their musters. Shakesp. 
 
 Amidst our arms as quiet vou shall be. 
 As halcyons brooding on a Winter sea. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'lcyon. adj. [from the noun.] Placid ; 
 quiet ; still ; peaceful. 
 
 When great Augustus made war's tempest cease. 
 His halcyon days brought forth the arts of peace. 
 
 DenJiam. 
 
 No man can expect eternal serenity and halcyon 
 
 days from so incompetent and partial a cause, as 
 
 the constant course of the suii in the equinoctial 
 
 circle. Bentlcy. 
 
 Hale. adj. [This should rather be written 
 hail, from heel health.] Healthy ; sound; 
 hearty ; well complexioned. 
 
 My seely sheep like well behi'-v, 
 For they been kale enough I trow, 
 And liken their abode. Spenser. 
 
 Some of these wise partizans concluded the go- 
 vernment had hired two or three hundred hale 
 men, to be pinioned, if not executed, as the pre- 
 tended captives. Addison. 
 
 n A L 
 
 ilis stomach too begins to fuil ; 
 Last year we tliought him strong and hale, 
 But now he's qnite another thing : 
 1 wisl) he may hoJd out 'till Spring, Suijt. 
 
 To Hale. i\ a. [haleriy Dut. haler, Fr.] To 
 drag by force ; to pull violently and 
 rudely. 
 
 Fly to your house ; 
 The plebeians have got your fellow tribune, 
 And hale him up and down. Shakesp. 
 
 j\Iy thira comfort, 
 Starr'd most unluckily, is from my breast 
 Hal'd out to murder. Shakesp. 
 
 Give dili^fnce that thou mayest be delivered 
 from him, lest he hale thee to the judge. Luke. 
 
 He by the neck hath hal'd, in pieces cut, 
 And set me as a mark on every butt. Sajidus. 
 
 Thither by harpy-footed furies hal'd. 
 At certain revolutions, all the damn'd 
 Are brought, Milton. 
 
 This sinistrous gravity is drawn that way by 
 the great artery, which then subsidcth, and haleth 
 the heart unto it. Brown. 
 
 Who would not be disgusted with any recrea- 
 tion, in itself indifferent, if he should with blows 
 be haled to it when he had no mind. Locke. 
 
 In all the tumults at Rome, though the people 
 proceeded sometimes to pull and hale one another 
 about, 3'et no blood was drawn 'till the time of the 
 Gracchi. Swi/t. 
 
 Ha'ler. n. s. [from hale.] He who pulls 
 
 and hales. 
 HALF, n. s. plural halves, [fealp. Sax. 
 
 and all the Teutonick dialects. The / is 
 
 often not sounded.] 
 
 1 . A moiety ; one part of two ; an equal 
 part. 
 
 An half acre of land. 1 Sam. xiv. 14. 
 
 Many might go to heaven with half the labour 
 they go to hell, if they would venture their in- 
 dustry- the right way. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Well chosen friendship, the most noble 
 Of virtues all our joys makes double. 
 And into halves divides onr trouble. Dcnham. 
 
 Or what but riches is there known, 
 Which man can solely call his own j 
 In which no creature goes his half, 
 Unless it be to squint and lau^ih ? Hudibras. 
 
 No mortal tongue can halfunt beauty tell ; 
 Fornone but hands diviue could work so well. Dry. 
 
 Of our manufacture foreign markets took off one 
 half, and the other half were consumed amongst 
 ourselves. Locke. 
 
 The council is made up half out of the noble 
 families, and half out of the plebeian. Addison. 
 
 Half the misery of life might be extinguished, 
 would men alleviate the general curse by mutual 
 compassion. Addison. 
 
 Her beauty in thy softer half 
 Bnry'd and lost, she ou^ht to grieve. Prior. 
 
 Natural was it fi-ir a prince, \\ho had proposed 
 to himself the empire of the world, not to neglect 
 the sea, the half of his dominions. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. It sometimes has a plural signification 
 when a number is divided 
 
 Had the land selected of the best, 
 Half had come hence, and let the world provide 
 the rest. Dryden. 
 
 Half. adv. 
 
 1. In part ; equally. 
 
 I go with love and fortune, two blind guides. 
 To lead my way ; half loth, and /i«/|'consentin:z. 
 
 Dnjden. 
 
 2, It is much used in composition to sig- 
 nify a thing- imperfect, as the following 
 examples will show. 
 
 Half-blood, w. s. One not born of the 
 same father and mother. 
 
 Whicii shall be heir of the two male twins, who, 
 by the dissection of the mother, were laid ttpen to 
 tlie world r Whether a sister by the half-' hod 
 shall inherit before a brother's daughterly the 
 whole-blood / ' Locke. 
 
 HAL 
 
 Half-blooded, adj. [half and blood.] 
 Mean ; degenerate. 
 
 The let alone lies not in your good will. 
 — Nor in thine, lord. 
 — HalJ-blooded fellow, yej. Shakcrp. 
 
 Half cap. u.>. Cap imperfectly put off, 
 or faintly moved. 
 
 With certain halj'capi and cold moving nods. 
 They froze me into silence. Shakcrp. 
 
 Ha'l'fendeal. n.s. [half and bael, Sax.] 
 Part. Spensfr. 
 
 Half-faced. adj. [half and faced.] Show- 
 ing only part of the face ; small faced : 
 in contempt. 
 
 Proud incroacliing tyranny 
 Burns with revenging fire, whose hoiieful coloors 
 Advance a half-faced sun striving to iWme.Shakcsp. 
 This same half-faced fello»». Shadow ; give me 
 this man : he presents no mark to the enemy ; the 
 foeman may with as great aim level at tlic edge t-f 
 a penknife. Shakes}!. 
 
 Half-hatched, adj. [half and hatch.] 
 Imperfectly hatched. 
 
 Here, thick as hailstones pour. 
 Turnips, and hatf-hatch'd eggs, a mingled show'r, 
 Among the rabble rain. Gay. 
 
 Half-heard, adj. Imperfectly heard ; 
 not heard to an end. 
 
 Not added years on years niy task could close ; 
 Back to thy native islands might'st thou sail. 
 And leave 'half-heard the melancholy tale. P'V>e. 
 
 Half-moox. n. s. 
 
 1. Tlie moon in its appearance when at 
 half increase or decrease. 
 
 2. Any thing in the figure of a half moon. 
 
 See how in warlike muster they ap^-ear. 
 In rhombs and wedges, and half-moons and wings. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Half-peny. n. s. plural half-pence, [half 
 and pent/.] 
 
 1. A copjjer coin, of which two make a 
 
 peny. 
 
 Bardolph stole a lute-case, bore it twelve 
 leagues, and sold it for three half-pence. Shakesp. 
 
 1 thank you ; and sure, dear friend, my tlianks 
 are too dear of a half-peny. Shakesp. 
 
 He cheats for half-pence, and he doffs his coat 
 To save a farthing in a ferryboat. Dryden. 
 
 Never admit iliis pernicious coin, no, not so 
 much as one single half-peny. Su-iJ^. 
 
 2. It has the force of an adjective conjoin- 
 ed with any thing of which it denotes 
 the price. 
 
 There shall be in Knglaiid seven half-peny loaves 
 sold f jr a peny. Shakesp. 
 
 You will wonder how Wood could get his ma- 
 jesty's broad seal for so great a sura of bad money, 
 and that the nobility here could not obtain tlic 
 same favour, and make our own half-pence as we 
 used to do. Sirit't. 
 
 Half-pike. ?J. .f. [half and pike.] The 
 small pike carried by officers. 
 
 The various ways oi paying the salute with the 
 half-pike. Taller. 
 
 Half-pint. n. s. [half and pint.] The 
 fourth part of a quart. 
 
 One halt-pint bottle serves them both to dine ; 
 And is at once their vinegar and wine. Pop4. 
 
 Half-scholar, n.s. One imperfectly 
 learned. 
 
 We have many half-scholars now-»-days, and 
 tliere is much confusion and inconsistency in the 
 uotions and opinions of some persons. V-'alis. 
 
 Half-seas over. A proverbial expression 
 for any one far advanced. It is com- 
 monly used of one half drunk. 
 
 1 am half-seas o'er to death ; 
 \n(\ since 1 must die once, I would be loth 
 To make a double work of what's half fniish'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 859
 
 HAL 
 
 Half-sighted, adj. [half and sight.] 
 Seeing imperfectly ; having weak dis- 
 cernment. 
 
 The officers of tlje king's houseliold liad need be 
 provident, both for his honour and thrift : they 
 must look both waj's, else they are but huljii^htfd. 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 Half-sphere, n.s. [half and sphere.] 
 Hemisphere. 
 
 Let night grow blacker with thy plots ; and day, 
 At shewini but thy head fortli, start away 
 From this Imlf-sphere. Ben Jonsm. 
 
 Half-strained, adj. [half a.nd strain.] 
 Iliilf-bred ; imperfect. 
 
 1 find I'm but a half-strain d villain yet, 
 Kut unnigrii-miscliievous ; for my blood boil'd 
 To view this brutal act. Dryden. 
 
 Half-swokd. n. s. Close fight; within 
 half the length of a sword. 
 
 1 am a rogue, if I were not at half-sword with a 
 dozen of them two hours together. Shakcsp. 
 
 Half-way. ad». [half and wai/.] In the 
 middle. 
 
 Fearless he sees, who is with virtue crown'd, '^ 
 The tempest rage, and liears the thunder sound ; > 
 Kver tlie same, let fortune smile or frown ; J 
 
 Serenely as he liv'd resigns his breath ; 
 Meets destiny half-u-ay, nor shrinks at death. Gran. 
 
 Half-wit. n. s. [half and wit.] A block- 
 head ; a foolish fellow. 
 
 Half-was are fleas, so little and so light. 
 We scarce could know they live, but that they 
 bite. Dryden. 
 
 Half-witted, adj. [from half -wit .] Im- 
 perfectly ftirnished with umlerstanding. 
 When half is added to any word noting 
 personal qualities, it commonly notes 
 
 contempt. 
 
 1 would rather have trusted the refinement of 
 our language, as to sound, to the judgment of the 
 women than of /ia//'-u'itted poets. _ Swift. 
 
 Jack had passed for a poor, well-meaning, halj- 
 witted, crack-brained fellow : neople were strange- 
 ly surprised to find him in sucii a roguery. Arhatk. 
 Ha'libut. u. s. a sort of fish. Ainsicorth. 
 Ha'lidom. n.s. [fahjbom, holy judg- 
 ment, or falij and rfanif , for lad v.] Our 
 blessed laily. In this it should be Hali- 
 dam. 
 
 By niv halidom, quoth he, 
 Ye a great master are in your degree. Hubherd. 
 
 Ha'li.mass. n.s. [falls and niass.] The 
 feast off A 11- souls. 
 
 She came adorned hither like sweet May ; 
 Sent back like halimass, or shortest day. Shakesp. 
 
 liA'Lnvovs.adj.[halittis, Lat.] Vaporous; 
 
 fumous. 
 
 We speak of the attnosphere as of a peculiar 
 thin and halituous liquor, much lighter than spirit 
 of wine. Boyle. 
 
 Hall. n. s. [Jjal, Sax. halle, Dut.] 
 
 1. A court of justice ; as Westminster Hall. 
 
 O lost too soon in yonder house or hall. Pope. 
 
 2. A manour-house so called, because in it 
 were held courts for the tenants. 
 
 Captain Sentry, my master's nephew, has taken 
 possession of the hall house, and the whole estate. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 S. The publick room of a corporation. 
 
 With expedition on the beadle call. 
 To summon all the company to the halt. Garth. 
 
 i. The first large room of a house. 
 
 That light we see is burning in my halt. Shak. 
 
 Courtesy is sooner found in lowly sheds 
 With smoky rafters, than in tap'stry lialls 
 And courts of princes. Milton. 
 
 Hallelu'jah. n. s. [rf^bbrt] Praise ye 
 the Lord. A song of thanksgiving. 
 
 HAL 
 
 Then shall thy saints 
 Unfained hattetiijjhs to Thee sing. 
 Hymns of high praise. Milton. 
 
 Singiirg tlinse devout hymns and heavenly an- 
 thems, ill which the church militant seems ambi- 
 tious to emulute the triumphant, and cclio back 
 the solemn praises and hallelujahs of the celestial 
 choirs. Boyte. 
 
 Ha'lloo. interj. The original of this word 
 is controverted ; some iinagine it cor- 
 rupted from a liii to him ! others from 
 allons let us go ! and Skinner from hol- 
 ier to draw.] A word of encouragement 
 when dogs are let loose on their game. 
 
 Some popular chief, 
 More noisy than the rest, but cries halloo. 
 And, in a'tricc, the bellowing herd come out. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Ha'lloo. i'. ti. [hakr, Fr.] 
 I . To cry as after the dogs. 
 
 A cry more tuneable 
 Was never halloo' A to, nor cheer'd with horn. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 •2. To treat as in contempt. 
 
 Country folks hallooed and hooted after me, as 
 the arran'test coward that ever shewed his shoul- 
 ders to his enemy. &ktney. 
 
 To Ha'lloo. v. a. 
 
 1. To encourage with shouts. 
 
 If, whilst a boy, Jack ran from school. 
 Fond of his hunting-horn and pole, 
 Though gout and age his speed detain. 
 Old John halloos his" hounds again. Prior. 
 
 2. To chase with shouts. 
 
 If 1 fly, Marcius 
 Halloo me like a bare. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To call or shout to. 
 
 ^Vhen we have found the king, lie that first 
 lights on him. 
 Halloo the other. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 To Hallow, v. a. [Jjaljian, f ali5, Sax. 
 
 holy.] 
 
 1. To consecrate ; to make holy. 
 
 When we sanctify or hallow churches, it is only 
 to testify that we make them places of publick re- 
 sort ; th'at we invest God himself with them, and 
 that we sever lliem from common uses. Hooker. 
 
 It cannot be endured to hear a man profess that 
 he putteth fire to bis neighbour's house, but yet 
 so Italloweth the same with prayer, that he liopeth 
 it shall not burn. Hooker. 
 
 Is't Cade ih.it I've slain, that monstrous traitor ? 
 Sword, I will hallow thee for this thy deed. 
 And hang thee o'er my tomb, when I am dead. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 My prayers 
 Are not words duly hallow'd, nor my wishes 
 More worth than vanities ; yet pray'rs and wishes 
 Are all I can return. Shakesp. Hen. \ HI. 
 
 God from work 
 Now vesting, bless'd and /i<i//iiii>'d the seventh day. 
 As resting on that day from all his works. 
 But not in silence holy kept. Milton. 
 
 Then banish'd faith' shall once again return, 
 And vestal fires in hallow'd temples burn. Dryden. 
 
 No satyr lurks within this hallow'd ground ; 
 But nynrphs and heroines, kinss and gods abound. 
 •' ' ~ Granville. 
 
 2. To reverence as holy ; hallowed be thy 
 name. 
 
 Hallucina'tion. n. s. [halluc'matio, 
 Lat.] Errour; blunder; mistake ; folly. 
 
 A wasting of flesh, without cause, is frequently 
 termed a bewitched disease; but questionless a 
 mere hallucination of the vulgar. Haricy. 
 
 This must have been the /ia(hicina(io'i of the 
 transcriber, who probably mistook the dash of the 
 1 for a T. Addtson. 
 
 Halm. n. s. [fealm. Sax.] Straw: pro- 
 nounced hawm: which see. 
 
 Halo. n. s. A red circle round the sun 
 or moon. 
 
 H A L 
 
 If the Iiail be a little flatted, the light transmit- 
 ted may grow so strong, at a little less distance 
 than that of twenty-six degrees, as to form a halo 
 about the sun or moon; which halo, as often as 
 the hail-stones are duly figured, may be coloured. 
 
 A'ciuttm. 
 
 I saw by reflexion, in a vessel of stagnated wa- 
 ter, three tiatos, crowns or rings of colours about 
 the sun, like three little rainbows, concentrick 
 to his body. Newton. 
 
 H a'lsening. adj. [hals, Germ, hass, Scott' 
 the neck.] Sounding harshly; inhar- 
 monious in the throat or tongue. Not in 
 use. 
 
 This halsening horny name hath, as Cornuto 
 in Italy, opened a gap to the scoff's of many. 
 
 ' Carew. 
 
 Halser. n. s. [from Tpaly neck, and j-eel 
 a rope. It is now in marine pronuncia- 
 tion corrupted to haivser.] A rope less 
 than a cable. 
 
 A beechen mast then in the hollow base 
 They hoisted, and with well-wreathed halsers hoise 
 Their white sails. Chapmari. 
 
 No Italsers need to bind these vessels here. 
 Nor bearded anchors ; for no storms they fear. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Halt. v. n. [peak. Sax. lame ; pealtan 
 
 to lirnp.] 
 
 1 . To limp ; to be lame. 
 
 And will she vet debase her eyes 
 On me, that hah and am mis-shapen thus ? Shak. 
 
 Thus inborn broils the factions would engage, 
 Or wars of cxil'd heirs, or foreign rage, 
 ''iill halting vengeance overtook our age. Dryden. 
 
 Spenser himself aft'ects the obsolete. 
 And Sidney's verse halts ill on Roman feet. Pope. 
 
 2. To stop on a march. 
 
 I was forced to halt in this perpendicular marcli. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 3. To hesitate ; to stand dubious. 
 
 How long halt ye between two opinions ? 
 
 1 Kings. 
 
 4. To fail ; to faulter. 
 
 Here's a paper written in his hand ; 
 A halting sonnet of his own pure brain. 
 Fashion d to Beatrice. Shakesp. 
 
 All my familiars watclied for my lialting, saying 
 peradventure he will be enticed, and we shall pre- 
 vail against him. Jeremmh. 
 
 Halt. adj. [from the verb.] Lame; 
 
 crippled. 
 
 Brill" in hither the poor, the maimed, the halt, 
 and the blind. ■!'«''«• 
 
 Halt n, s. [from the verb.] 
 
 L The act of limping ; the manner of 
 
 limping. 
 2. [-'i/<t', Fr.] -^ stop in a march. 
 
 The heav'nly bands 
 Down from a sky of jasper lighted now 
 In Paradise, and on a hill made halt. Milton. 
 
 Scouts each coast light armed scour 
 Each quarter to descry the distant foe. 
 Where lodf'd, or whither fled, or if for fight 
 In motion, or in halt. M«'»«- 
 
 Without any halt they marched between the two 
 armies. ,,.„,. , Clarendon. 
 
 He mioht have made a halt till Ins foot and ar- 
 tillery came up to him. Clarendon. 
 
 Halter, n. s. [from halt.] He who 
 
 limps. 
 Halter, n. s. [jjealj-rpe. Sax. from falj- 
 
 the neck.] 
 I \ rone to hang malefactors. 
 
 He's'fled, my lord, and all his pow'rs do yield ; 
 
 And humbly thus, with halters m), their necks, 
 
 Expect your highness' doom of life or death. Sha't. 
 
 'I hey were tS die by the sword .f they stood 
 
 upon (defence, and by the hatter if they yielded ; 
 
 '■ c. __ .1 „.../lo r-hr.',!.,. ti> die rather as sul- 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 SCO 
 
 w'herefore tliey made choice to die rather as sol- 
 diers than as dogs.
 
 ti A M 
 
 Were 1 a drowsy judge, wliose dismal note 
 Disgorgeth halter, as ajuggler's throat 
 Dutii ribbands. Cleavehnd. 
 
 He gets renown, who, to the kalttr near, 
 But narrowly escapes, and buys it dear. Dryden. 
 
 2. A cord ; a strong string. 
 
 Whom neither halter binds nor burthens charge. 
 
 Sandifs. 
 
 To Ha'lter, r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 bind with a cord ; to catch in a noose. 
 
 He might have employed liis time in the frivo- 
 lous delights of catcliing mules and haltering frogs. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 To Halve, v. a. [from half, halves.] To 
 
 divide into two parts. 
 Halves, interj. [from half, halves being 
 the plural.] An expression by which 
 any one lays claim to an equal share. 
 
 Have you not seen how the divided dani 
 Runs to the summons of her hungry lamb ? 
 
 But wiien the twin cries halves, she quits the 
 first. Cteaveland, 
 
 Ham. whether initial or final, is no other 
 than the Sax. Jjani, a house, farm, or vil- 
 lage. Gibsons Camden. 
 
 HAM. n, s. [))am, Sax. hamme^ Dut.] 
 
 1. The hip ; the hinder part of the articu- 
 lation of the thigh with the knee. 
 
 The ham was much relaxed \ but tliere was some 
 contraction remaining. Wiseman. 
 
 2. The thigh of a hog salted. 
 
 Who has notlcarn'd, fresh sturgeon and luim 
 rye 
 Are no rewards for want and infamy ? Vnpe. 
 
 HA'MATED.tff//, [hamatuSfljaX.] Hooked; 
 set with hooks. 
 
 To Ha'mble. v. n, [from ham.] To cut 
 the sinews of the thigh ; to hamstring. 
 
 Hame. n. s. [Jjama, Sax.] The collar by 
 which a horse draws in a waggon - 
 
 Ha'mlet. n*s. [fam, Sax. and let, the di- 
 minutive termination.] A small village. 
 Within the self-same lordship, parish, or hamlet, 
 lands have divers degrees of value. Bacon. 
 
 He pitch'd upon the plain 
 His mighty camp, and, when the day rcturn'd. 
 The country wasted and the hamlets burn'd. Drijd. 
 
 HAMMER, n. s. [Jjameji, Sax. hammer, 
 Dan.] 
 
 1. The instrument consisting of a long 
 handle and heavy head, with which any 
 thing is forged or driven. 
 
 The armourers. 
 With busy hammers closing rivets up. 
 Give dreadful note of preparation. Shakesp. 
 
 The stutf will not work well with a hammer. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 It is broken not without many blows, and will 
 
 break the best anvils and hammers of iron. Broivii. 
 
 Every morning he rises fresh to his hammer and 
 
 his anvil. South. 
 
 The smith prepares his hammer for the stroke. 
 
 Drydtn*s Juv. 
 
 2. Any thing destructive. 
 
 That renowned pillar of truth and hammer of 
 heresies, St. Augustine. Haheuill on Providence. 
 
 To Ha'mmer. v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To beat with a hammer. 
 
 His bones the hammered steel in strength surpass. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 2. To forge or form with a hammer. 
 
 Some ftammer helmets for the fighting field. Dry. 
 
 Drude'd like a smith, and on the anvil beat, 
 *Till he nad hammered out a vast estate. Dryden. 
 
 1 must pay with hammered money instead of 
 milled. Dryden. 
 
 S. To work in the mind ; to contrive by in- 
 tellectual labour ; used commonly in con- 
 tempt. 
 
 H A M 
 
 Wilt tliou still be hammering treachery, 
 To humble down lliy husbannand thyself f Shak. 
 
 He was nobody that could not /mmwo' out of 
 his name an invention by this witchcraft, and 
 picture it accordingly. Camden. 
 
 Some spirits, by whom they were stirred and 
 guided in the name of the people, hammered up 
 the articles. Hayward. 
 
 To Hammer, v. n. 
 
 1. To work ; to be busy : in contempt. 
 
 Nor need'st thou much importune me to that. 
 Whereon this month 1 have hci:i\ ham mering.Shak. 
 
 I have been studying how to compare 
 This prison where I live unto the world ; 
 And, for because the world is popidous. 
 And here is net a creature hut myself, 
 I cannot do it ; yet I'll hammer ou't. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To be in agitation. 
 
 Vengeance is in my heart, death in my hand ; 
 Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'mmerer. n. s. [from hammer.] He 
 
 who works with a hammer. 
 Ha'mmerhard. w. s. [hammer and hard.] 
 
 Hammerhard \s wlicnyou harden iron or btccl 
 with much hammering on it. Moxon. 
 
 Ha'mmock. n, s. [Jjamaca, Sax.] A swing- 
 ing bed. 
 
 Prince Maurice of Nasssau, who had been ac- 
 customed to hammocks, used them all his life. Tfrn/j. 
 
 Ha'mper. n. s. [Supposed by iMinshew 
 to be contracted from hand panitr; but 
 hanaperinm appears to have been a word 
 long ill u^e, whence hanapcr, hamper.] 
 
 A large basket for carriage. 
 
 \\ hat powder'd wigs ! what Pmnies and darts ! 
 What hampers full of bleeding hearts I Sirift, 
 
 To Ha'mper. r. a. [The original of this 
 word, in its present meaning, is uncer- 
 tain : Junius observes that hamplyns in 
 Teutonick is a quarrel : others imagine 
 tliat hamper or hanaper, being the trea- 
 sury to which fines are paid, to hamper, 
 which is commonly applied to the law, 
 means originally to fine,] 
 
 1 . To shackle ; to entangle, as in chains or 
 nets. 
 
 O loose this frame, this knot of man untie ! 
 That my free soul may uie her wing, 
 
 Which no\T is pinion'd with mortality, 
 As an entanpl'd, hamper' d ih'ing. Herbert. 
 
 We shall find such engines to assail. 
 And hamper thee, as thou shalt come offeree. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 What was it but a lion hampered in a net ! 
 
 L'Estrajige. 
 
 Wear under vizard-masks their talents. 
 And mother wits before their gallants ; 
 Until they're hamper'd in the noose. 
 Too fast to dream of breaking loose. Hudibras. 
 
 They hamper and entangle our souls, and hinder 
 their flight upwards. Tilloison. 
 
 2. To ensnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with 
 allurements. 
 
 She'll hamper thee, and dandle thee like a baby. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. To complicate ; to tangle, 
 
 Ensend'ring heats, these one by one unbind, 
 Stretcli tlieir small tubes, aud hamper'd nerves un- 
 wind. Blackmore. 
 
 4'. To perplex ; to embarrass by many lets 
 and troubles. 
 
 And when th' are hamper'd by the laws, 
 Release the lab'rers for the cause. Iltidihras. 
 
 Ha'mstring. 71. s. [ham and string.] The 
 tendon of the ham. 
 
 A player, whose conceit 
 Lies in his hajmtring, doth think it rich 
 To hear the wooden dialogue, and sound 
 'Twixt his stretch'd footing and the scaftbldage. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 II A N 
 
 On the binder side it is guarded with the (wo 
 hamstrings. Viurtan. 
 
 7o Ha'mstring. v. a. preter. and part, 
 pass, hamstrung, [from the noun.] To 
 lame by cutting tlie tendon of the ham. 
 
 Ilatintrin^'d behind, uiiltapf/^' G^ges dv'd ; 
 'J'iic-ii PhaUris ii added to his side. Drt^iiei. 
 
 IIan. for have, in the plural. Obsolete. 
 
 Ha'naper. m. s. [hanapcrium, low Lat] 
 A treasury ; an exchequer. 1 he clerk of 
 the hanaper receives the fees due to the 
 king for the seal of charters and patents. 
 'I'hc fines for all original writs were wont to 
 be iiuDiediateij paid iotu the hanaper of the Chan- 
 cery. Bacon. 
 
 Ha'nces. n. s. [In a ship.] Falls of ihe 
 fife-rails placed on banisters on the poop 
 and quarter-deck down to the gang- way. 
 
 Harris. 
 Ha'nces. [In architecture.] The ends of 
 elliptical arches ; and these are the arches 
 of smaller circles than the scheme, or 
 middle part of the arcli. Harris. 
 
 The sweep of the arch will not contain above 
 fourteen inches, and perhaps jou must cement 
 pieces t<» many of the courses in the kance, to 
 malvc them long enough to contain fourtet n inches. 
 
 Moiim. 
 HAND. n. s. [fanb, fonb, Sax. and iu all 
 
 the Teutonick dialects.] 
 1. The palm with the fingers ; the member 
 with which we hold or use any instru- 
 ment. 
 
 They laid hands upon biiu, and bound hiLT, 
 
 hand and foot. Knollcs's HUt. oj Uie Tiirtj. 
 
 They ham^. in hand, with wandering steps and 
 
 slow, 
 
 Through Eden took their solitary way. Milton 
 
 That woTiderfuI instrument the hand, was it 
 
 made to be idle ? Berkku. 
 
 1. Measure of four inches ; a measure used 
 
 in the matches of horses ; a palm. 
 
 3. Side, right or left. 
 
 For the other side of the court-gate on this hand, 
 and that hand, were hangings of tifleen cubits. 
 
 Eiod. xnviii. 15. 
 
 4. Part ; quarter : side. 
 
 It is allowed on ail hands, tliat tiie people uf 
 England are more corrupt in their morals than any 
 other nation tliis day under the sun. Siritt. 
 
 5. Ready payment with respect to the re- 
 ceiver. 
 
 Of which offer the b.issa accepted, receiwng i:\ 
 hand one year's tribute. Knolles's Histiny. 
 
 These two must make our duty very easy ;'a 
 considerable reward iu hand, and the assurance of 
 a far greater recorapei:ce hereafter. Tillol.'on. 
 
 6. Ready payment with regard to the 
 
 prayer. 
 
 Let not the wages of any man tarry with thee, 
 but Live it him out of hand. Tob. iv. 1-1. 
 
 7. Rate ; price. 
 
 Time is the measure of business ; money v{ 
 wares : business is bought at a dear hand, wlierc 
 there is small dispatch. Baom. 
 
 8. Terms ; conditions ; rate. 
 
 With simplicity admire and accept the mysterv; 
 but at no hand by pride, ignorance, interest, or va- 
 nity wrest it to ignoble senses.7avftT'sirortAvC'*mi. 
 
 It is eitiier an'ill sign or an ill etlect, and "Oiere- 
 fore at no hand consistent with humility. TayUr. 
 Q. Act ; deed ; external action. 
 
 Thou s.iwest the contradiction between my 
 heart and hand. ^ing CharUs. 
 
 10. Labour ; act of the hand. 
 
 Alnashar was a very idle fellow, that never 
 would set his hand to any husiNcss during his fa- 
 ther's life. .iddism. 
 
 S6l
 
 H A N 
 
 1 rather suspect m^ own judgment than I can 
 believe a {unit to be i " 
 
 I that pueni, 
 yil's correction, and 
 
 A'hicii lay so 
 
 had his last 
 
 ' Addison. 
 
 Itmn unHer A'i 
 hand put to it, 
 
 11. Performance. 
 
 \Vhere are these porters, 
 These lazy linaves ? Y'have made a fine hand! 
 
 fellows. 
 There's a trim rabble let in. Shakesp. 
 
 12. Power of performance. 
 
 He had a j;reat mind to try his hand at a Spec- 
 tator, and would fain hare one of his writing in 
 my works. Addison. 
 
 A friend of mine has a very fine hand on the 
 ■>''ulin. " Addison. 
 
 13. Attempt; undertaking. 
 
 Out of them you dare take in hand to lay open 
 the origiral of such a nation. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 14. Manner of gatheritig or taking. 
 
 As her majesty hath received great profit, so 
 may she, by a moderate hand, from time to time 
 reap the like. Bacon. 
 
 1 5. Workmanship ; power or act of manu- 
 facturing or making. 
 
 An intelligent being, coming out of the /lani/s of 
 infinite perfection, w]th an aversion or even indif- 
 ferency to be reunited with its Author, the source 
 of its utmost felicity, is such a shock and deformity 
 in the beautiful analogy of things, as is not co«- 
 sistent with finite wisdom and perfection. Cheytie. 
 
 1 6. Manner of acting or performing. 
 
 The master saw the madness rise ; 
 His glowing cheeks, his ardent eyes ; 
 And while he heav'n and earth dcfy'd, 
 Chang'd his hand, and check'd his pride. Dryden. 
 
 17. Agency ; part in action. 
 
 God must have set a more than ordinary esteem 
 upon that which David was not thought fit to 
 have an ha7ui in. South. 
 
 18. The act of giving or presenting. 
 
 Let Tamar dress the meat in my sight, that I 
 niav cat it at her hand. 2 Sam. xiii. 5, 
 
 To-niglit the poet's advocate 1 st^nd. 
 And he deserves the favour at my hand. Addison. 
 
 19- -'^ct of receiving any thing ready to one's 
 hand, when it only waits to be taken. 
 
 His power reaches no farther than to compound 
 and divide the materials that are made to his hand: 
 but can do nothing towards the making or destroy- 
 ing one atom of what is already in being. Locke. 
 fllaiiy, whose greatness and fortune were not 
 made to their /lani/s.liad sutficicnt qualifications and 
 opportunities of rising to these high posts. .AWismi. 
 
 SJ. Care; necessity of managing. 
 
 Jupiter had a farm a long time upon hhhands, 
 for want of a tenant to come up to his price. /.'Estr. 
 
 When a stalcsn)an wants a day's defence. 
 Or envy holds a whole week's war with sense. 
 Or simple piide for flatt'ry makes demands, 
 Rlay dunce hy dunce be whistled off my hands. Pope. 
 2 1 . Discharge of duty. 
 
 Let it therefore be required, on both parts, at 
 the hands of the clergy, to be in meanness of estate 
 like the apostles ; at the hands of the laity, to be 
 as they who lived under the apostles. Hooker. 
 
 2-3. Reach ; nearness : as, at hand, witliin 
 reach, near, approaching. 
 
 Vour husband is at/io?ni, I hear his trumpet. 
 
 Shakes}!. 
 
 Cousins, I hope the days are near at hand, 
 That chambers will he safe. Shakes]}. 
 
 He is at hand, and Pindarus is come 
 In do yon salutation. Shaktsp. 
 
 The sight of his mind was like some sights of eyes; 
 rather strong at hand than to carry afar ofi'. Bacon. 
 
 Any light thing that moveth, when we find no 
 wind, sheweth a wind at /land. Bacon 
 
 A very great sound near hand hath struckcn 
 many deaf. Bacon 
 
 It is not probable that any body should etTcct 
 that at a distance, which, nearer hand, it cannot 
 perform. Broun. 
 
 When mineral or metal is to be generated, na- 
 ture needs not to Iiave at hand salt, sulphur, and 
 mercury. Boutc. 
 
 HAN 
 
 23. Manual management. 
 
 Nor swords at hand, nnr liissing Harts afar, 
 Are dooni'd I'avenge the tedious bloody war, Dryd. 
 
 24. State of being in preparation. 
 
 Where is our usual iiianaLier of mirth ? 
 What revels are in hand ? Is there no plav, 
 J o ease the anguish of a torturing hour ? Shakesp. 
 
 25. State of being in present agitation, 
 I look'd upon her with a soldier's eye ; 
 
 That lik'd, but liad a rougher task in hand 
 Than to drive liking to the name of war. Skahesp. 
 it is inditferent to the matter in hand whicli way 
 the learned shall de. ermine of it. Locke. 
 
 26. Cards held at a game. 
 
 There was never a hand drawn, that did double 
 the rest of the habitable world, before this. Bacon. 
 
 27. That which is used in opposition to 
 another. 
 
 He would dispute. 
 Confute, chansehands, and still confute. Hurfi&ros. 
 
 28. Scheme of action. 
 
 Consult of yaur own ways, and think which hand 
 Is best to take. Ben Jonson. 
 
 They who thought they could never be secure, 
 except the king ware first at their mercy, were 
 willing to change the hand in carrying on the war. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 29. Advantage; gain; superiority. 
 
 The French king, supposing to make his hand 
 by those rude ravages in England, broke off his 
 treaty of peace, and proclaimed hostility.iiai/u.arrf. 
 
 30. Competition ; contest. 
 
 She in beauty-, education, blood, 
 Holds hand with any princess in the world. Shah. 
 
 31. Transmission ; conveyance ; agency of 
 conveyance. 
 
 The salutation by the hand of me Paul. 
 
 Col. V. 18. 
 
 32. Possession ; power. 
 
 Sacraments serve as the moral instruments of 
 God to that purpose ; the use whereof is in our 
 hands, the effect in his. Hooker. 
 
 And though yiiu war, like petty wrangling states, 
 You're in my hand ; and when 1 bid \ou cease, 
 You shall be crush'd together into peace. Drijdcn. 
 
 Between the landlord and lenant tliere must be 
 a quarter of the revenue of the land constantly 
 in their hands. Locke. 
 
 It is fruitless pains to learn a language, "hich 
 one may guess by his temper he will wholly ne- 
 glect, as soon as an approach to manhood, setting 
 him ffLC from a govenitair, shall put him into the 
 ha7ids of his own inclination. Locke. 
 
 Vectigales Agri were lands taken from the ene- 
 niy, and distributed amongst the soldiers, or left 
 in the hands of the proprietors under the condition 
 of certain duties. Arbuthnot. 
 
 33. Pressure of the bridle. 
 
 Hollow men, like horses, hot at hand, 
 Make gallant show and promise of their mettle. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 34. Method of government ; discipHne ; 
 restraint. 
 
 Menelaus bare an heavy hand over the citizens, 
 having a malicious mind against his countrvmen. 
 
 2 Mac." V. 23. 
 
 He kept a strict hand on his nobility, and chose 
 rather to advance clergymen and lawyers. Bacon. 
 
 However strict a hand is to be kept upon ail de- 
 sires of fancy, yet in recreation fancy must be 
 permitted to speak. Locke. 
 
 35. Influence; management. 
 
 Flattery, the dang'rous nurse of vice, 
 Got hand upon his vouth, to pleasures bent.DamW. 
 
 3G. That which performs the office of a 
 
 hand in pointing. 
 
 The body, though it moves, yet not changing 
 perceivable distance with other bodies, as fast as 
 the ideas of our own minds do naturally foili>w 
 one another, the thing seems to stand still : as is 
 evident in the hands of clocks and shadows of 
 sun-dials. Locke. 
 
 7. Agent ; person employed ; a manager. 
 
 HAN 
 
 The wisest prince, if he can save himself and his 
 people from ruin, under the worst administration, 
 vvhat may not his subjects hope for when he 
 changeth hands, and maketh use of the best ?Swifi. 
 
 38. Giver and receiver. 
 
 This tradition is more like to be a notion bred 
 m the miad of man, than transmitted from hand 
 to hand through all generations. Tilhtson. 
 
 39. An act ; a workman ; a soldier. 
 
 Your wrongs are known : impose but your com- 
 mands. 
 Tills hour shall bring you twenty thoDsand hands. 
 . Dryden. 
 
 Demetrius appointed the painter guards, pleased 
 that he could preserve that hand from the barba- 
 rity and insolence of soldiers. Dryden. 
 
 A dictionary containing a natural history re- 
 quires too many hands, as well as too much time, 
 ever to be hoped for. Locke. 
 
 40. Catch or reach without choice. 
 
 The men of Israel smote as well the men of eve- 
 ry city as the beast, and all that came to hand. 
 
 Judges, 
 
 A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought 
 First fruits, the green ear, and the yellow sheaf, 
 Uncull'd as came to hand. Milton. 
 
 41 . Form or cast of writing. 
 
 Here is th' indictment of the good lord Hastings* 
 Which in a set hand fairly is engross'd ; 
 Eleven hours I've spent to write it over. Shnkesp. 
 
 Solyman shewed him his own letters intercept- 
 ed, asking him if he knew not that hand; if he 
 knew not that seal ? Knolles. 
 
 Being discovered by their knowledge of Mr. 
 Cowley's hand, I happily escaped. Denham. 
 
 If my debtors do not keep their day. 
 Deny tlieir hands, and then refuse to pay, 
 1 must attend. Dryden. 
 
 Whether men write court or Roman hand, or 
 any other, there is something peculiar in every 
 one's writing. Cockhurn. 
 
 The way to teach to write, is to get a plate 
 graved with the characters of such hand you like. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Constantia saw that the hand writing agreed 
 with the contents of the letter. Addison. 
 
 I iiresent these thoughts in an ill hand; but 
 scholars are bad penmen, we seldom regard the 
 raechanick part of writing. Felton. 
 
 I'hey were wrote on both sides, and in a small 
 'lanrf. .i4rfcut/iniit. 
 
 42. Hand over kead. Negligently ; rashly; 
 without seeing what one does. 
 
 So many strokes of the alarm bell of f^ar and 
 awaking to other nations, and the facility of the 
 titles, which hand over head have served their 
 turn, doth ring the peal so much the louder. Baccn, 
 
 A country fellow got an unluckj' tumble from a 
 tree : Thus 'tis, says a passenger, when people 
 will be doing things hand ovei' head, without either 
 fear or wit. L'Estrange. 
 
 43. Hand to hand. Close fight. 
 
 In single opposition, haiid to hand, 
 He did confound the best part of an hoar. Shakesp. 
 
 He issues, ere the fight, his dread cnmmand. 
 That slings afar, and poinards hand to hand. 
 He banish'd from the field. Dryden. 
 
 44. Hand in hand. In union ; conjointly. 
 
 Had the sea been ]\Iarlborough's element, the 
 war bad been bestowed there, to the ad\'antage 
 of the country, w hich would then have gone hand 
 in /miirf witli "Ills own. Suift. 
 
 45. Hand in hand. Fit ; pat. 
 
 As fair and as good, a kind oi hand in hand 
 
 comparison, had been something too fair and too 
 
 good fur any lady in Britanny. Shakesp, 
 
 4G. Hand to month. .'\s want requires. 
 
 I can get bread from hand to mouth, and make 
 
 even at the year's end. L'£s(r(in:;e. 
 
 47. To bear in hand. To keep in expec- 
 tation ; to elude. 
 
 A rascally yea forsooth knave, to bear in hand, 
 and then stand upon security. Shakesp. 
 
 86-2
 
 HAN 
 
 48. To he hand and glove. To be intimate 
 
 and farailiar ; to suit one another. 
 To Hand. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To give or transmit with the hand. 
 
 Judas was not farotV, nut only because hedip[>cd 
 in the same dish, but because he was so near that 
 our Saviour could hand the sup unto him. Brown. 
 
 I liarc been shewn a written prophecy that is 
 hajided among Iheiu with gn at secrecy. Addison. 
 
 2. To guide or lead by the hand. 
 
 Angels did hand her up, who next God dwfU. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 By safe and insensible degrees he will pass from 
 a boy to a man, which is the most hazardous step 
 in li/e ; this therefore should be carefully watched, 
 and a young man with great diligence handed over 
 it. Locke, 
 
 9. To seize; to lay hands on. 
 
 Let liim, that makes but trifles of his eyes. 
 First hand rae : on mine own accord, I'll olf. Shah. 
 
 4. To manage ; to move with the hand. 
 
 'Tis then that with delight 1 rove, 
 Upon the boundless depth of love : 
 1 bless my chains, 1 liand my oar. 
 Nor thiiik on all I left on shure. Prior. 
 
 5. To transmit in succession, with down; 
 to deliver from one to another. 
 
 They had not only a tradition of it in general, 
 but even uf several tlie most remarkable particular 
 accidents of it likewise, which they handed down- 
 wards to the succeeding ages. Wwdu-ard. 
 
 I know no other way of securing these monu- 
 ments, and making them numerous enough to be 
 handed down to future ages. Addison. 
 
 Arts and sciences consist of scattered theorems 
 and practices, which are handed about amoTigst 
 the masters, and only revealed to the Jiiii artis, 
 'till some great genius appears, who collects these 
 disjointed propositions, and reduces them into a 
 regular system. Arbuthnot. 
 
 One would think a story so fit for age to talk of, 
 and infancy to hear, were incapable of being 
 handed doom to us. Pope. 
 
 Hand is much used in composition for 
 that which is manageable by the hand, 
 as a handsaw; or bonie in the hand, as a 
 handharrow. 
 Ha'ndbarrow. n. s. A frame on which 
 any thing is carried by the hands of two 
 men, without wheeling on the ground. 
 A handharrow, wheelbarrow, shove], and spade. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 Set the board whereon the hive standeth on a 
 
 handharrow, and carry them to the place you in- 
 
 <end. Mortimer. 
 
 Hand-basket. «.«. A portable basket. 
 
 You must have woollen yarn to tie grafts with, 
 and a small handbasket to carry them inT Mortimer. 
 
 Hand-bell. n. s. A bell rung by the 
 hand. 
 
 The strength of the percussion is the principal 
 cause of the loudness or softness of sounds ; as in 
 ringing of a hand-bell harder or softer. Bacon. 
 
 Hand-breadth, n, s. A space equal to 
 the breadth of the hand ; a palm. 
 
 A border of an handbreadth round about. Eiod. 
 
 The eastern people determined thch handbreadth 
 by the breadth of barley-corns, six making a digit, 
 and twenty-four a /land's breadth. Arbutlinot. 
 
 Ha'nded. adj. [from hand.] 
 
 1, Having the use of the hand left or right. 
 
 M.any are right handed, whose livers are weakly 
 constituicd ; and many use the left, in whom that 
 part IS strongest. Brown. 
 
 2. Witli hands joined. 
 
 Into their inmost bowV 
 Handed they went. Milton. 
 
 Ha'nder. n. s. [from hand.] Transmit- 
 ter ; conveyer in succession. 
 
 H A N 
 
 They would assume, witli wond'rous art. 
 Themselves to be the whole whu are but part. 
 Of that vast frame the church ; yet grant iltey were 
 1 he handers down, can they from l hence infer 
 A right t' interpret ? Or would (liey alone, 
 Who brought the present, claim it for their own ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ha'ndfast. n. s. [hand and fast.] Hold; 
 custody. Obsolete. 
 If that shepherd be not in handfast, let hirn fly. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Ha'ndfUL. n. s. [hand ant] fu/l.] 
 
 1. As much as the hand can gripe or con- 
 tain. 
 
 I saw a country gentleman at the side of Rnsa- 
 niond's [lond, pulling a handjul of oats out of his 
 pocket, and gathering the ducks about him. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 2. A palm ; a hand's breadth ; four inches. 
 
 Take one vessel ui silver and another of wood, 
 each full of water, and knap the tongs together 
 about an handful from the bottom, and the sound 
 will be more resounding from the vessel of silver 
 than that of wood. Bacon. 
 
 The peaceful scabbard where it dwelt. 
 The rancour of its edge had felt ; 
 For of the lower end two handful 
 It had devour'd, it was so manful. Hudibras. 
 
 3. A small number or quantity. 
 
 He could not, with such a handful of men, and 
 without cannon, propose reasonably to fight a 
 battle. Clarendon. 
 
 4. As much as can be done. 
 
 Being in possession of the town, they had their 
 handful to defend themselves from firing. Raleigh. 
 
 Ha'nd-gallop. n.«. A slow and easy 
 gallop, in which the hand presses the 
 bridle to hinder increase of speed. 
 
 Ovid, with all his sweetness, has as little varie- 
 ty of numbers aNd sounds as he: lie is always 
 upon a hand-gallop, and his verse runs upon car- 
 pet ground. Dryden. 
 
 Hand-gun. w. s. A gun wielded by the 
 hand. 
 
 Guns have names given them, some from ser- 
 pents or ravenous birds, as culverines or colu- 
 brines ; others in other respects, as cannons, de- 
 micannons, hand-guns, and muskets. Camden. 
 
 Handicraft, n. s. [hand and craft.] 
 
 1 . Manual occupation ; work performed by 
 the hand. 
 
 Particular members of convents have excellent 
 mechanical geniuses, and divert themselves with 
 painting, sculpture, architecture, gardening, and 
 several kinds of handicrafts. Addison. 
 
 2. A man who lives by manual labour. 
 
 The cov'nants thou shalt teach by candle-light. 
 When pufiiiig smiths, and ev'ry painful trade 
 Of handicrafts, in peaceful betfs are laid. Dryden. 
 
 The nurseries for children of ordinary gentle- 
 men and handicrafts are managed after the same 
 manner. Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 Ha'ndicraftsman. n. s. [handicraft 
 and 7«an.] A manufacturer; one em- 
 ployed in manual occupation. 
 
 O miserable age ! virtue is not regarded in han- 
 dicraftsmen. Shakesp. 
 
 He has simply the best wit of any handicrafts- 
 rrmn in ."ithens. Shakesp. 
 
 The principal bulk of the vulgar natives are 
 tillers of the ground, free servants, and handi- 
 craftsmen ; as smiths, masons, and carpenters. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The profaneness and ignorance of handicrafts- 
 men, small traders, servants, and the like, are 
 to a degree very hard to be imagined greater.Su-i/r. 
 
 It is the landed man that maintains the mer- 
 chant and shopkeeper, and handicraftsmen. Swift. 
 
 Handily, adv. [from handy.] With skill; 
 with dexterity. 
 
 Ha'ndiness. jt. s. [from Aanrfy.] Readi- 
 ness; dexterity. 
 
 H A K 
 
 Ha'ndiwork. n.s. [handy and n-ork.] 
 Work of the hand ; pro<luct of labour ; 
 manufacture. 
 
 In general they are not repugnant unto llie na- 
 tural will of God, which wishelh tu llie works of 
 his own hands, in that they arc his own handiuvrk, 
 all happiness ; although perhaps, for some special 
 cause in our own | articular, a contrary dcicnui 
 nation have seemed more convenient. Hooker. 
 
 As proper men as ever trod jpon neats-leallier 
 have gone upon my handiwork. Sliakap. 
 
 The heavens declare the glory of God, and the 
 firmament sheweth his haniliwork- Psalms. 
 
 He parted with the greatest blessing of human 
 nature for the handiwork of a taylor. L' Estrange. 
 
 Ha'ndkerchief. n.i. [hand and ker- 
 chiif.] A piece of silk or linen used to 
 wipe the face, or cover the neck. 
 
 She found her sitting in a chair, in one hand 
 holding a letter, in the other her handkerchief, 
 which had lately drunk up thv tears of her eyes. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 He was torn to pieces with a bear : this avouches 
 the shej'herd's son, who has not only his inno- 
 cence, but a handkerchief and rings of his, that 
 Paulina knows. Shal.tsp. 
 
 The Romans did not make use of handkerchief's, 
 but of the lacinia or border of the gaMiient, to 
 wipe their face. .irbuthn.n 
 
 To Ha'ndle. v. a. [handelen, Dut. from 
 hand.] 
 
 1. To touch ; to feel with the hand. 
 
 The boflies which we daily handle make us per- 
 ceive, that whilst they remain between them, ihev 
 hinder the approach of the part of our hands that 
 press them. Locke. 
 
 2. To manage ; to wield. 
 
 That fellow handles his bow like a crow-keeper. 
 
 Shakesi>. 
 
 3. To make familiar to the hand by fre- 
 quent touching. 
 
 An incurable shyness is the general vice of the 
 Irish horses, and is hardly ever seen in F'auders, 
 because the hardness of the winters forces the 
 breeders there to house and handle their colts six 
 months every year. Temple. 
 
 4. To treat ; to mention in writing or talk. 
 
 He left nothing fitting for the purpose 
 Untouch'd, or sITghtlv handled in discourse. Shak. 
 
 Her eyes, her hair, her cheek, her gait, her voice. 
 Thou handiest in thy discourse. Shakesp. 
 
 Leaving to the aullior the exact handling of 
 every particular, and labouring to follow the rules 
 of abridgment, 2 3Ii20. 
 
 Of a number of other like instances we shall 
 speak more, *heii we liandle the commDuication 
 of sounds. Bacon. 
 
 By Guidus Ubaldus, in his treatise, for the ex- 
 plication of this instmraeni, the tubtillics of it 
 are largely and excellently handled. 
 
 ]\'ilkins's Ditdalul. 
 
 In an argufnent, handled thus briefly, every 
 thing cannot be said. Atterburti 
 
 5. To deal with; to practise. 
 They that handle the law know me not. 
 
 Jer. ii. 8. 
 G. To treat well or ill. 
 
 Talbot, my life, my joy, again retum'd ! 
 How wert thou handled, being prisoner ? Shakesp. 
 They were well enough pleased to be rid of an 
 enemy that had handled them so ill. Clarention. 
 
 7. To practise upon ; to transact with. 
 
 Pray you, my lord, yive me leave to question ; 
 you shall see how I'll handle her. Shakesp 
 
 Ha'ndle, n. s. [fanble. Sax.] 
 1 . That part of any thing by which it is 
 held in tlie hand ; a haft. 
 
 No hand of blood and bone 
 Can gripe the sacred handle of our sceptre, 
 Unless he do profane, steal, or usurp. Shak. 
 
 Fortune turr.eth the handle of the bottle, which 
 is easy to be taken hold of; and after the belly, 
 whicli is hard to grasp. Bacon. 
 
 86s
 
 HAN 
 
 Therp is novhiiig hut liath a double handle, or 
 at least wc have twu hands to apprehend it.'l'aijlor. 
 
 A carpenter, that had got the iron work of an 
 axe, befiged only so much wood as would make a 
 handle to it. L'Estran^c. 
 
 Of bune tlie haridles of my knives are made. 
 Yet no ill taste from thence ati'ccts the blade, 
 Or what I carve ; nor is there ever left 
 Any unsav'ry haut-goust from the haft. Dryden. 
 
 A beam tliere was, on which a beeclien pail 
 Hung by the handle on a driven nail. l)r\)den. 
 
 2. That of which use is made. 
 
 '1 hey overturned him in all his interests by the 
 snre but fatal handle of his own good nature. &ul/t. 
 
 Ha'ndless. adj. [hatid and less, l^^iihowt 
 a hand. 
 
 Speak, my Lavinia, what accursed hand 
 Hath made thee handles^? Shakesp. 
 
 His mangled myrmidons, 
 Noseless, handless, hackt and dipt, come to him, 
 Crying on Hector. Shaktsp. 
 
 Ha'ndmaid. «. s. A maid that waits at 
 hand. 
 
 Brave Burgundy, undoubted hope of France ! 
 Stay, let thy humble handmaid speak to thce.Shak. 
 
 She gave'the knight great thanks in little speecli. 
 And said she would his handmaid poor remain. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 1 will never set politicks against ethicks, t-spc- 
 clally for that true ethicks are but as a handmaid 
 to divinity and religion. Bacon. 
 
 Heavn's youngest teamed star 
 Hath fix'd her polish'd car. 
 
 Her Bleeping Lord with handmaid lamp attending. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Love led thera on ; and faith, who knew them 
 best 
 Thy handmaids, clad them o'er with purple beams 
 And azure wings, that up they flew so drest. 
 And speak the truth of thee on glorious themes 
 Before the judge. Milton. 
 
 Those of my family their master slight. 
 Grown despicable hi my handmaid^s sight. SaJidys. 
 
 By viewing nature, nature's /ta7uimaid. Art, 
 Makes mighty things from small beginnings great; 
 Thus fislies first to shipping did impart, 
 Their tail the rudder, and their head the prow. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Since he had placed his heart upon wisdom, 
 healtli, wealth, victory and honour should always 
 wait on her as her hatidmaids. Addison. 
 
 Then criticism the muse's handmaid prov'd. 
 To dress her charms and make her more belov'd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ha'ndmill. n.s. [hand and milL] A mill 
 moved by the hand. 
 
 Oft the drudging ass is driven with toil ; 
 Returning late, and loaden liorae with gain 
 Of bartered pitch, and handmitUSot the grain. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Hands off. A vulgar phrase for keeiD 
 off; forbear. 
 
 They cut a stag into parts ; but as they were 
 entering upon the dividend, JuiJids off, says the 
 lion. L'Estrange. 
 
 Ha'ndsails. n. s. Sails managed by the 
 hand. 
 
 The seamen will neither stand to their ha7idsaiis, 
 nor sutler the pilot to steer. Temple. 
 
 Ha'ndsaw. n. s. Saw manageable by 
 the hand. 
 
 Mv buckler cut through and through, and my 
 sword hack'd like a handsaw. Shakesp. 
 
 To perform this work, it is necessary to be pro- 
 vided wiih a strong knife and a small handsaw. 
 
 Moitimcr. 
 
 Handsel. 7i. s. [hansel a first gift, Dut.] 
 The first act of using any thing ; the 
 first act of sale. Tt is now not used, ex- 
 cept in the dialect of trade. 
 
 The apostles term it the pledge of our inheri- 
 tance, and the handsel or earnest of that which is 
 to come, ■ Honker. 
 
 U A N 
 
 Thou art joy's handael ; heav'n lies flat in thee, 
 Subject to every mounter's bended knee. Herbert. 
 
 To Ha'ndsel. V, a. To use or do any 
 thing the first time. 
 
 in timorous deer he handsels liis young paws. 
 And leaves the rugged bear for firmer claws. 
 
 Cowley. 
 I'd show you 
 Huw easy 'tis to die, b3' my example, 
 And handsel fate beforo you. Dryden 
 
 HANDSOME, adj. [handsaemyDxxt. rea- 
 dy, dexterous.] 
 
 1. Ready ; gainly ; convenient. 
 
 For a thief it is so handsome, as it may seem it 
 was first invented for him. Spenser. 
 
 2. Beautiful with dignity; graceful. 
 
 A great man entered by force into a peasant's 
 house, and, finding his wife very AaJidsDme, turn- 
 ed the good man out of his dwellhig. Addison. 
 
 3. Elegant ; graceful. 
 
 That easiness and handsome address in writing is 
 hardest to be attained by persons bred in a meaner 
 way. Felton. 
 
 4. Ample ; liberal : as, a handsome fortune. 
 
 5. Generous ; noble: as, a handsome action. 
 To Ha'ndsome. v. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 To render elegant or neat. 
 
 Him all repute 
 For his device in handsoming a suit ; 
 To judge of lace he Iiath the best conceit. Donne. 
 
 Ha'ndsomely. adv. [^mm handsome. 1 
 J , Conveniently ; dexterously. 
 
 Under it he may cleanly convey any fit pillage 
 that Cometh handsomely in his wa;^'. Spenser. 
 
 When the kind nymph, changhig her faultless 
 shape. 
 Becomes unhandsome, handsomely to 'scape. 
 
 Walltr. 
 
 2. Beautifully ; gi'acefully, 
 
 3. Elegantly ; neatly. 
 
 A carpenter, after he hath sawn down a tree, 
 hath wrought it handsomely, and made a vessel 
 thereof. Wisdom. 
 
 4. Liberally ; generously. 
 
 1 am finding out a convenient place for an alms- 
 house, which I intend to endow very handsomely 
 for a dozen superannuated husbandmen. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Ha'ndsomeness. n. s. [from handsome,] 
 Beauty ; grace ; elegance. 
 
 Accompanying her mourning garments with a 
 doleful countenance, yet neither forgetting hand- 
 someness in her mourning garments, nor sweetness 
 in her doleful countenance. Sid?iey. 
 
 For handsomeness' sake, it were good you hang 
 the upper glass upon a nail. Bacon. 
 
 In cloths, cheap handsomeness doth bear the bell. 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 Persons of the fairer sex like that handsomeness 
 for which they find tbemselves to be the most 
 liked. Boyle. 
 
 Ha'ndvice. 71, s. [hand and vice] A vice 
 to hold small work in. Moxon. 
 
 Ha'ndwriting. n.s. [hand and writ- 
 ing.] A cast or form of writing pecu- 
 liar to each hand. 
 That you beat me at the mart, I have your hand 
 to sliow ; 
 If the skin were parchment, and the blows you 
 
 gave me ink. 
 
 Your own handwriting would tell you what I 
 
 think. _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 To no other cause than the wise providence of 
 
 God can be referred the diversity of handtrritings. 
 
 Cockburn. 
 
 Ha'ndy. adj. [from hand.] 
 
 1 . Executed or performed by tlie hand. 
 
 They were but few, yet they would easily 
 overthrow the great numbers of them, if ever 
 they came to handy blows. Knolles. 
 
 II A N 
 
 Butii parties now were drawn so close,' 
 Almost tu conic to handii blows. Hudihrat. 
 
 2. Ready ; dexterous; skilful. 
 
 She stript the stalks of all tlieir leaves ; ths best 
 She cull'd, and them with handy care she drest. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The servants wash the platter, scour the plate ; 
 And each is handy in his way. Dryden. 
 
 3. Convenient ; ready to the hand. 
 
 TliC strike-block is a plane shorter than the 
 jointer, and is more handy than the long jointer. 
 
 Moxmi. 
 
 Ha'ndydandy. n.s. A play in which 
 children change hands and places. 
 
 See how yond justice rails upon yond simple 
 thief! Hark in thine ear: change places; and, 
 handydandy, which is the justice, which is the 
 thief? Shakesp. 
 
 Neither cross and pile, nor ducks and drakes, 
 are quite so ancient as handydandy. 
 
 Arbttthnot and Pope. 
 To HANG. V. a. preter. and part. pass. 
 hanged or hung, anciently hong. 
 [Jianjan, Sax.] 
 
 1 . To suspend ; to fasten in such a manner 
 as to be sustained, not below, but above. 
 
 Strangely visited people he cures ; 
 Hanging a golden stamp about their necks ; 
 Put on with holy prayers. Shakesp. 
 
 His great army is utterly ruined, he himself 
 slain in it, and his head and right hand cut otf, 
 and hung up before Jerusalem. South, 
 
 2. To place without any solid support. 
 
 Thou all things hast of nothing made. 
 That hung'st the solid earth in fleeting air, 
 A^cin'd with clear springs, which ambient seas re- 
 pair. Sandyt. 
 
 3. To choak and kill by suspending by the 
 neck, so as that the ligature intercepts 
 the breath and circulation. 
 
 He hath commission from thy wife and me 
 To hang Cordelia in the prison. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha7igitig supposes human soul and reason ■ 
 This animal's below committing treason ; 
 Shall he be hanged, who never could rebel ? 
 That's a preferment for Achitophel. Dryden, 
 
 4. To display ; to show aloft. 
 
 This unliickv mole misled several coxcombs ; 
 and, like the mntging out of false colours, made 
 some of them converse with Rosalinda in what 
 they thought the spirit of her party. Addiion. 
 
 5. To let fall below the proper situation ; 
 to decline. 
 
 There is a wicked man that hangeth down his 
 head sadly ■, but inwardly he is full of deceit. 
 
 Eccles xix. 26. 
 The beauties of this place should mourn ; 
 Th' injmortal fruits and flow'rs at my return 
 Should hang <heir wither'd head ; for sure my 
 
 breast 
 Is now more pois'nous. ^ Dryden. 
 
 The rose is fragrant, but it fades in time ; 
 The violet sweet, hut quickly past the prime ; 
 White lilies hang their heads, and soon decay ; 
 And whiter snow in minutes melts away. Dryden. 
 
 The cheerful birds no longer sing ; 
 Each drops his head, and hangs his wing. Prim-. 
 
 6. To fix in such a manner as in some di- 
 rections to be moveable. 
 
 The gates and the chambers they renewed, and 
 hanged doors upon them. 1 Mac. iv. 57. 
 
 7. To cover or charge by any thing sus- 
 pended. 
 
 Hun" be the heav'ns with black, yield day to 
 night ! Shaketp. 
 
 The pavement ever foul with human gore ; 
 Heads and their mangled members hung the door. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. To furnish with ornaments or draperies 
 fastened to the wall. 
 
 Musick is better in chambers wainscotted than 
 hanged. ^'^'^■ 
 
 864
 
 H A N 
 
 If e'er mj- pious father for my sake 
 Did grateful olTriiigs on thy altars make, 
 Or lTncre<.s'd them with my sylvan toils. 
 And hang thy holy roofs with savage spoils, 
 Give inc to scatter thtse. Drydeii. 
 
 Sir Roger lias /iiin? several parts of his house 
 with the trophies of his labours. Addison. 
 
 To Hang. i-. n. 
 
 1. To be suspended; to be supported 
 above, not below. 
 
 Over it a fair portcullis hiin^, 
 Which to the gate directly did incline. 
 With comely compass and compacture strong. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 2. To depend ; to fall loosely on the lower 
 part ; to dangle. 
 
 Upon her shoulders wings she wears. 
 Like hanging sleeves, lin'd through with ears. 
 
 Hudibras. 
 If gamins! dues an aged sire entice. 
 Then my young master swiftly learns the vice. 
 And shakes in hanging sleeves the little box and 
 dice. Dryden. 
 
 3. To bend forward. 
 
 By hanging is only meant a posture of bending 
 forward to strike the enemy. Addison. 
 
 4. To float; to play. 
 
 And fall these sayings from that gentle tongue. 
 Where civil speech and soft persuasion hung ?Prior. 
 
 5. To be supported by something raised 
 above the ground. 
 
 Whatever is placed on the head may be said to 
 hang ; as we call hanging gardens such as are 
 planted on the top of the house. Addison. 
 
 6. To rest upon by embracing. 
 
 She hung about my neck, and kiss on kiss 
 She vied. Shahesp. 
 
 To-dav might I, hanging on Hotspur's neck. 
 Have tafkd of Jlonraouth's grave. Shakesp. 
 
 Faustina is described in the form of a lady sit- 
 ting upon a bed, and two little infants hanpug 
 about her neck. Peacham. 
 
 7. To hover ; to impend. 
 
 He hath a heavenly gift of prophecy ; 
 And sundry blessnigs hang about his throne. 
 That speak him full of grace. Shakesp. 
 
 Odious names of distinction, which had slept 
 while the dread of popery hung over us, were re- 
 vived. Atterbury. 
 
 8. To be loosely joined. 
 
 Whither go you ? 
 —To see your wife : is she at home ? 
 ^.^y, and as idle as she may hang together. Shak. 
 
 9. To drag; to be incommodiously joined. 
 
 In my Lucia's absejice 
 Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addis. 
 ] 0. To be compact or united : with toge- 
 ther. 
 
 In the common cause we are all of a piece ; we 
 
 hang together. Drydcn. 
 
 "iour device hangs very well together; but is it 
 
 not liable to exceptions? Addison. 
 
 11. To adliere, unwelcomely or incommo- 
 diously. 
 
 A cheerful temper shines out in all her conver- 
 sation, and dissipates those apprehensions whicl: 
 hang on the timorous or the modest, when ad- 
 mitted to her presence. Addison. 
 ^ Shilling landskips, gilded triumphs, and beau- 
 tiful faces, disperse that gloominess which is apt 
 to hang upon the miad iu those dark disconsolate 
 seasons. Addison. 
 
 12. To rest ; to reside. 
 
 Sleep shall neither night nor day 
 Hang upon his penthouse lid. Shakesp. 
 
 13. 'I'o be in suspense ; to be in a state of 
 uncertainty. 
 
 Tliy life shall hang in doubt before thee, and 
 thou shall fear day atid night, and shalt have none 
 assurance of thy life. Veut. 
 
 14. To be delayed ; to linger. 
 
 A noble stroke he lifted high, 
 Whiph hung not, but so swift with tempest fell 
 Ou the proud crest of Satau. Milton. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 HAN 
 
 She thrice cssayM to speak : her accents hung. 
 And faultVing d^'d unfinish'd on her tongue. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 15. To be dependent on. 
 
 Oh, how wretched 
 Is that poor man that hai\g$ on princes' favours 1 
 
 Shakfsp. 
 Great qaeen ! whose name strikes haughty ino- 
 narchs pale, 
 On whose just sceptre AaHgsEuropa's scale. Prior. 
 
 IG. To be fixed or suspended with atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Though wond'riiig senates hitn^ on all he spoke, 
 The club nuisi hail liim ma:?tcT of ihe joke. Pi^e. 
 
 17. To have a steep declivity. 
 
 Sussex niari shews itself on the middle of the 
 sides of hanging grounds. Mortimir. 
 
 18. To be executed by the halter. 
 
 The court forsakes him, and sir llalaara hanss. 
 
 Pope. 
 19- To decline; to tend down. 
 
 His neck obliquely o'er his shoulders hung, 
 
 Press'd with the weight of sleep that tames the 
 
 strong. Pope. 
 
 Ha'nger. n. s. [from hang.] That by 
 
 which any thing hangs ; as, the pot 
 
 hangers, ^ 
 
 Ha'nger. n. s. [from hang,'] A short 
 
 broad sword. 
 Ha'nger-on. n, s, [from hang.] A 
 dependent ; one who eats and drinks 
 without payment. 
 
 If the wife or children were absent, their rooms 
 
 were supplied by the umhrTe, or hangers-cm. Bnmn. 
 
 They all excused themselves save two, wliich 
 
 two be reckoned his friends, and all the rest 
 
 hangers-on. L' Estrange. 
 
 He is a perpetual hanger-cm, yet nobody knows 
 
 how to be without him. Swift. 
 
 Ha'nging. n. s. [from hang.] 
 
 1. Drapery hung or fastened against the 
 avails of rooms by way of ornament. 
 
 Like rich hangings in an homely house. 
 So was his will in liis old feeble body. Shakesp. 
 
 Being informed that his breakfast was ready, 
 he drew towards the door, where the hangings 
 were held up. Ctaren-'hn. 
 
 Now purple hangings cloath the palace walls. 
 And sumptuous feasts are made in splendirl halls. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 Lucas Van Leyden has infected all Europe with 
 his designs for tapestry, which, by the ignorant, 
 are called ancient hangings. Vryden. 
 
 Rome oft has heard a cross haranguing. 
 With prompting priest behind the hanging. Prior. 
 
 2. Any thing that hangs to another. Not 
 in use. 
 
 A storm, or robbery, call it what you will. 
 Shook down my mellow hangings, nay, my leaves, 
 And left me bare to weather. Shaktsp. 
 
 Ha'nging. participial adj* [from hang.] 
 
 1. Foreboding death by the halter. 
 
 Surel3', sir, a good favour you have ; but that 
 you have a hanging luok. Shakesp. 
 
 What .Lthiops lips he has ! 
 How full a snout; and what a hanging face! Dryd. 
 
 2, Requiring to be punished by the halter; 
 a hanging matter. 
 
 Hangman, n. s. [hang and man,] 
 1. The publick executioner. 
 
 This monster sat like a hangman upon a pair of 
 gallows ; in his right hand he was pauiled holding 
 a crown of laurel, and in his left nand a purse of 
 money. Sidney. 
 
 Who makes that noise there ? who are you ? 
 —Your friend, sir, the hangman : you must be so 
 good, sir, to rise, and be put to death. Shakesp. 
 
 ^len do not stand 
 In so ill case, that God hath with his hand 
 Sign'd kings blnnkcharlers to kill whom they hate; 
 Nor are they vicars, but hangmmi to fate Donne. 
 
 I never knew a crilick, who made it his busi- 
 ness to lash the faults of other writers, that was not 
 
 11 A P 
 
 guilty of greater himself; as the hangman is gen*'- 
 rallv a wor^e malefactor than the criminal that 
 sutfers by his hand. Addiioi.. 
 
 2. A term of reproach, either serious or 
 ludicrous. 
 
 One criei), God bless us ! and Amen ! the other ; 
 As they had seen nie with these hangman'l hands : 
 Li.<tehiiig their fear, I could not say Anicii, 
 \S hen they did say Gud bless us. Shukesp. 
 
 He hatn twice or thrice cut Cupid's bowstring, 
 and the little hangman dare not shoot at him. 
 
 Shake^. 
 
 Hank. n. s. [hank, Islandick, a cliain or 
 coil of rope.] 
 
 1. A skein of thread. 
 
 2. A tye ; a check ; an influence. .\ 
 low word. 
 
 Do we think we have the A/uifc that some gal- 
 lants have on their trusting merchants, that, upon 
 peril of losinp all former scores, he must still go 
 on to supply ? Decay nj /"iXy. 
 
 To Ha'nker. v. n. [hunkeren, Dut. | To 
 long importunately ; to have an inces- 
 sant wish : it has commonly oftei before 
 the thing desired. It is scarcely used but 
 in familiar language. 
 
 And now the saints began their re'gn. 
 For which th' had yearn'd so long iu vain. 
 And felt such bowel hankerings. 
 To see an empire all of kings. lludiliras. 
 
 Among women and children, care is to be taken 
 that they get not a hankering after these juggling 
 astrologers and fortune-tellers. L'Kstrange. 
 
 The shepherd would be a nierchaj.t, and the 
 merchant hankers after something else. L'Estravge. 
 
 Uo'st thou not hanker after a greater liberty in 
 some things ? If not, there's no belter si"n of a 
 good resolution. Calamy. 
 
 The wife is an old coquette, that is always 
 hankering after the diversions of the tov. n. Addison. 
 
 The republick that fell under the subjection of 
 the duke of Florence, still retains many hankerings 
 after its ancient liberty. Addtscn. 
 
 Han't, for has not] or hare not. 
 
 That roguish leer of your's makes a pretty wo- 
 man's heart ake : you Jian't that simper about the 
 mouth for nothing. Addumt. 
 
 HAP. H. s. [anhap, in Welsh, is misfor- 
 tune.] 
 
 1. Chance; fortune. 
 
 Whether art it were, or heedless hap. 
 As thri Ui;h the tlow'ring forest rash she fled, 
 in her rude hairs sweet flowers themselves did lap. 
 And flourishing fresh leaves and blossoms did en- 
 wrap. Spemer. 
 
 2. Tliat which happens by chance or for- 
 time. 
 
 Curst be good haps, and curst be they that build 
 Their liopes on haps, and do not make despair 
 For all these certain blows the surest shield. Sidnry. 
 
 To have ejected whatsoever that church doth 
 make account of, without any other crime than 
 that it hath been the hap tliereof to be used by the 
 church of Rome, and not to be commanded in the 
 word of God, might haply have pleased some few 
 men, who, having began such a course themselves, 
 must be glad to sec their example followed. 
 
 HcJoT. 
 
 Things casual do vary, and (hat which a man 
 doth but chance to think well of cannot still have 
 the like hap. Hooker. 
 
 Solyiuan commended them for their valour in 
 their "evil haps, more than the victory of others 
 got by good fortune. Ktwiles. 
 
 A iox had the hap to fall into the walk of a lion. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 3. Accident; casual event; misfortune. 
 
 Nor feared she among the bands to stray 
 Of armed men ! for often had she scei: 
 
 The tragick end of many a bloody fray : 
 Her life had full of hops and hazards bee.i. Fairfai. 
 
 Hap-hazard. «. s. Chance; accident: 
 perhaps originallj- hap hazardc. 
 
 The former of these is the most sure ami ii.failiable 
 wav : but so hard that ail shun it, and had rather 
 
 5 S" «6S
 
 HAP 
 
 walk as men do in the dark by hav-hazard, than 
 Iread so long and intricate mazes for knowledge' 
 sake. Hooker. 
 
 We live at hap-hazard, and without any insight 
 into causes and effects. L' Estrange. 
 
 We take our principles at hap-hazard upon trust, 
 and then believe a whole system, upon a prcsunip 
 tion that they are true. Locke. 
 
 To H.\p. V. u. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To happen; to have the casual conse- 
 quence. 
 
 It will be too late to gather ships or soldiers, 
 whicli may need to be presently employed, and 
 whose want may hap to hazard a kingdom. Spenser. 
 
 2. To come by chance ; to befall casually. 
 
 Run you to the citadel, 
 -■ind tell my lord and lady what hath ftap'rf. Shak. 
 In destructions by deluge, the remnant which 
 hap to be reserved are ignorant people. Bacon. 
 
 Haply, adv. [from h^p.] 
 
 1. Perhaps; peradventure ; it may be. 
 
 This love of theirs myself have often seen, 
 Jliipiy when they have jndg'd me fast asleep. Sfta/c. 
 
 To warn 
 Vs, haply too secure, of our discharge 
 From penalty, because from death releas'd 
 Some davs. Mitten. 
 
 Then haply yet your breast remains untouch'd. 
 Though that seems strange. Roiee. 
 
 Let us now see what conclusions may be found 
 for instruction of any other state, that may hapli] 
 labour under the like circumstances. Suiji. 
 
 '2. By chance : by accident. 
 
 Leviathan, which God of all his works 
 Created hugest, that swim the ocean stream, 
 Him haplu sluinb'ring on the Norway foam. 
 The pilot of some small night-founder'd skitf 
 Deeming some island oft, as seamen tell, 
 Who fixed anchor in his scaly rind. 
 Moors by Ins side. Milton. 
 
 Hapless, adj. [from hap.'\ Unhappy; 
 unfortunate ; luckless ; unlucky. 
 
 Hapless ^-Lgeon, whom the fates have roark'd 
 To bear th' extremity of dire mishap ! Shakesp. 
 
 Here hapless Icarus had found his part. 
 Had not the father's grief restrain'd Ids art. Dryd. 
 
 Did his hapless passion equal mine, 
 I would refuse the bliss. Smith. 
 
 To Happen, v. n. [from hap.l 
 
 1 . To fall out ; to chance ; to come to pass. 
 
 Bring forth your strong reasons, and shew us 
 what shall happen. Isaiah. 
 
 Say not I have sinned, and what harm hath 
 happened unto roe. Ecclcs. v. 4. 
 
 if it so fall out that thou art miserable for ever, 
 thou hast no reason to be surprized, as if some un- 
 expected thing had happened to thee. Tillotson. 
 
 2. To light ; to fall by chance. 
 
 ] have happened on some other accounts relating 
 to mortalities. Graunt. 
 
 Ha'ppily. adv. [from happy.'] 
 
 1 . Fortunately ; luckily ; successfully. 
 I come to wive it wealthily in Padua : 
 
 If wealthily, then happily in I'adua. Shaktsp, 
 
 _ Preferr'd by conquest, happUt/ oerthiown, 
 Falling they ri.se to be with us made one. Waller. 
 Neither is it so trivial an undertaking to make a 
 tragedy end happily ; for 'tis more dithcult to save 
 thaji kill, Dryden. 
 
 2. Addressfully ; gracefully; without la- 
 bour. 
 
 Form'd by thy converse, happily to steer 
 From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope. 
 
 3. In a state of felicity; as.nelives Aa^^j'/y. 
 
 4. By chance ; peradventure. In this 
 sense happili/ is written erroneously for 
 haphj. 
 
 One thing more i shall wish you to desire of 
 them, who happily may peruse these two treatises. 
 
 Digoy. 
 Ha'ppiness. n. s. [from happy."] 
 I. Felicity: state in which the desires are 
 satisfied. 
 
 H A R 
 
 Happiness is that estate whereby we attain, so far 
 as possibly may be attained, the "full possession of 
 that which sioiply for itself is to be desired, and 
 coiitaineth in it after ali eminent sort the conten- 
 tation of our desires, the highest degree of all our 
 perfection. _ Hooker. 
 
 Oh ! happine$s of sweet retir*d content, 
 To be at once secure and innocent. Denham. 
 
 Philosophers differ about the chief good or hap- 
 piness of man. Temple. 
 
 The various and contrary choices that men make 
 in the world, argue that the same thing is not good 
 to every man alike : this, variety of pursuits shews, 
 that every one does not place his happiness in the 
 sauie thing. Lecke. 
 
 2. Good luck; good fortune. 
 ;}. Fortuitous elegance ; unstudied grace. 
 
 Certain graces and happinesses, peculiar toevery 
 language, give life and energy to the words. Venh. 
 
 Some beauties yet no precepts can declare : 
 For there's a happiness as well as care. Pope. 
 
 Form'd hysorae rule that guides but not constrains. 
 And finish'd more through hapjyincss than pains. 
 
 Pope. 
 Ha'ppy. adj. [from hap; as lucky for 
 luck.] 
 
 1. In a state of felicity; in a state where 
 the desire is satisfied. 
 
 At other end Uran did Strephon lend 
 Her happu making hand. Sidney 
 
 Am I happu ill thy news ? 
 •^If to have done the thing you gave in charge 
 Be^et your happiness, be happy then ; 
 For it is done. Shakesp. 
 
 Truth and peace, and love, shall ever shine 
 .■Vbout the supreme throne 
 
 Of him, t' whose happy making sight alone, 
 Our he«.v'nlv guided soul shall climb. Milton. 
 
 Though the presence of imaginary good cannot 
 make us happy, tlie absence of it may make us 
 miserable. AAdison. 
 
 2. Lucky ; successful ; foi-tunate. 
 Chymists have been more happu in finding expe- 
 riments than the causes of them. Boyle. 
 
 Vet in this agony his fancy wrought. 
 And fear supply'd him with this happy thought. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Addressful ; ready. 
 
 One gentleman is happy at a reply, and another 
 excels in a rejoinder. SuiJ't. 
 
 H a'qleton. 71. s. A coat of mail. Spens. 
 
 Hara'ngue. n. s. [harangue, Fr. The 
 original of the French word is much 
 questioned : Menage thinks it a corrup- 
 tion of hearing, English; Junius ima- 
 gines it to be discouis au rang, to a circle, 
 which the Italian arringo seems to favour. 
 Perhaps it may be from orare, or oratio- 
 nare, orationer, oraner, aranger, haran- 
 guer.] A speech ; a popular oration. 
 
 Gray-headed men, and grave. w'ith warriors mix'd, 
 Assemble, and naron^ues are heard, hut soon 
 In factious opposition. Mitton. 
 
 Nothing can better improve political school- 
 boys than the art of making plausible or implau- 
 sible harangues, against the very opinion for which 
 they resolve to determine. Swift. 
 
 IVIany preachers neglect method in their /lo- 
 rangues. Trrt((s. 
 
 To Hara'ngue. v. n. [harangtur, Fr.] 
 To make a speech ; to pronounce an 
 oration. 
 
 To Hara'ngue. r. a. To address by an 
 oration ; as, he harangued the troops. 
 
 Hara'nguer. n. s. [from harangue.] An 
 orator; a publick speaker: generally 
 with some mixture of contempt. 
 
 To Ha'ras.s. I', a. [harasser, Fr. from 
 harasse a heavy buckler, according toDu 
 Cange.] To weary ; to fatigue ; to tire 
 with labour and uneasiness. 
 
 H A R 
 
 Tliest troops came to tlie army but the day be- 
 fore, harassed with a long and wearisome march. 
 
 Bacon* 
 
 Our walls are thinly raann'd, our best men slain ; 
 '1 he rest, an heartless number, spent with watching. 
 And hiintss'd out with duty. Dryden. 
 
 Nature oppress'd, and harass''d out witli care. 
 Sinks d'jwn to rest. Additon. 
 
 Out increases the force of the verb, 
 Ha'rass. w. s. [from the verb.] Waste; 
 disturbance. 
 
 'I'he men of Judah, to prevent 
 The harass of tlicir land, beset me round. MUton. 
 
 Ha'rbinger. w. s. [furbcrger, Dut. one 
 who goes to provide lodgings or an 
 harbour for those that foUow.] A fore- 
 runner; a precursor. 
 
 Make all our trumpets speak, give them all breath. 
 Those clam'rous harbingers of blood and death, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I'll be m3'sclf the harbinger, and make joyful 
 The hearing of my wife witli your approach. Sitak. 
 
 Sin, and her shadow death, and misery, 
 Death's harbini^cr. MUt(n. 
 
 And now of love they treat, 'till tli* evening star. 
 Love's harbinger, appearM. Milton. 
 
 Before him a great prophet, to proclaim 
 His coming, is sent harbinger, who ail 
 Invites. MiUon. 
 
 As Oimond's harbiii^er to you they run ; 
 For A'enus is the promise of tlie Sun. Dryden. 
 
 H.V'RBOUR. n. s. [htrberge, Fr. herberg, 
 Dut. albergo, Ital.] 
 
 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment 
 
 For harhuur at a thousand doors they knock'd ; 
 Not one of all the thousand but was lock'd. Dryd, 
 
 Doubly curs'd 
 Be all those easy fools who give it harbour. Rou:.e. 
 
 2. A port or haven for shipping. 
 
 Three of your argosies 
 Are richly come to harbonr suddenly. Shakesp, 
 
 They leave the mouths of Po, 
 That all the borders of the town o'erflow ; 
 And spreading roui;d in one continu'd lake, 
 A spacious hospitable /mrft(ij/r make. Addison. 
 
 3. An asylum ; a shelter ; a place of shel- 
 ter and security. 
 
 To Ha'rbour. I', n. [from the noun.] 
 To receive entertainment ; to sojourn ; 
 to take shelter. 
 This ni£ht let's harbonr here in York. Shakesp. 
 They are sent by me. 
 That they should harbour where their lord would 
 be. Shakesp. 
 
 Southwards they bent their flight, 
 And harbour d in a hollow rock at night : 
 Next morn they rose, and set up every sail ; 
 The wind was fair, but blew a mackrel gale. Dryd. 
 
 Ivct me be grateful ; but let far from me 
 Be fawning cringe, and false dissembling look. 
 And servile flattery, that harbours oft 
 In courts and gilded roofs. ■ Philips. 
 
 To Harbour, v. a. 
 
 1. To entertain ; to permit to reside. 
 
 My lady bids me tell you, that though she har- 
 bours you as her uncle, she's nothing allfed to your 
 disorders. Shakesp. 
 
 Knaves 1 know, which in this plainness 
 Harbour more craft, and more corrupter ends. 
 Than twenty silky ducking observants. Shakesp, 
 
 Let not your gentle breast harbour one thought 
 Of outrage from the king. Rout. 
 
 We owe this old house the same kind of grati- 
 tude that we do to an old friend who harbours us 
 in bis declining condition, nay even in his last 
 extremities. Fife. 
 
 How people, so greatly warmed with a sense of 
 liberty, should he capable of harbouring such weak 
 superstition; and that so nmch bravery and su 
 much folly can inhabit the same breasts. Popi- 
 
 2. To shelter ; to secure. 
 
 Hnrimir yourself this night in this castle : this 
 
 country is very dangerous'for murthering thieves 
 
 I to trust a sleeping life among them. Sidney. 
 
 866
 
 II A R 
 
 Ha'RBOURAGE. 71. s. [hei-bergage, Fr. 
 from harbour.] Shelter ; entertain- 
 meut. 
 
 Let ill us, your king, whose labour'd spirit*, 
 Forewearied in iliis acti(in of swift speed, 
 CraTe harboum^e witliin your city walls. Shakesp. 
 
 HARBOURER.n.^r. [fvom harbour.] One 
 that entertains another. 
 
 Ha'rbovrless. adj. [from harbour.] 
 Wanting harbour ; being without lodg- 
 ing ; without shelter. 
 
 Harbrough for harbour. Spenser. 
 
 HARD. adj. [peapb, Sax. hard, Dut] 
 
 1. Firm ; resisting penetration or separa- 
 tion ; not soft ; not easy to be pierced 
 
 or broken. 
 
 Repose you there, while I to the hard house, 
 More hard than is the stone ^yhereof 'tis rais'd ; 
 Which even but now, demanding after you, 
 Denied rae to come in. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 
 Some diseases, whea they are easy to be cured, 
 
 are hard to be known. Sidney. 
 
 The hard causes they brought unto Moses ; but 
 every small matter they judged themselves. 
 
 When hard wordc, jealousies, and fears. 
 Set folks together by tlie ears. Hudibras. 
 
 Tis hard to sav if Clymene were mov'd 
 More by his pray'r, whom she so dearly lov'd. 
 Or more w ith fury fir'ii. Drudcn. 
 
 As for the hard words, which I was obliged to 
 use, they are cither terms of art, or such as I 
 substituted in place of others that were too low. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. Difficult of accomplishment; full of 
 difficulties. 
 
 Is any thing too hard for the Lord .' Genesis. 
 Possess 
 As lords a spacious world, t' our native heav'n 
 Little inferior,, by my adventure hard 
 With peril great"aclnev'd. ililtm. 
 
 Long is the way 
 And hard, that out of hell leads up to light 
 Our prison strong. Mitton. 
 
 He now discern'd he was wholly lo be on the 
 defensive, and that was like to be a very hard 
 part too. Clarendon. 
 
 Ker\-ous and tendinous parts have worse symp- 
 toms, and are harder of cure, than fleshy ones. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 The love and pious duty which you pay 
 Have pass'd the perils of so hard a way. Dryden. 
 
 4. Painful ; distressful ; laborious action 
 or suffering. 
 
 Rachael travailed, and she had hard labour. 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 Worcester's horse came but to-day ; 
 And now their pride and mettle is asleep. 
 Their courage with hard labour tame and dull. 
 That not a horse is half of himself. Shakesp. 
 
 Continual hard duty, with little fighting, lessen- 
 ed and diminished his army. Clarendon. 
 
 When Sebastian weeps, 'his tears 
 Corae harder than his blood. Dryden. 
 
 A man obliced to hard labour is not reduced to 
 the necessity of having twice as much victuals as 
 oiie under no necessity to work. Cheynt. 
 
 5. Cruel; oppressive; rigorous: as, a 
 
 hard heart. 
 The barsain of Julius lU. may be accounted a 
 
 very hard t 
 
 Brou'n's Vulg. F.it. 
 
 Whom scarce my sbeep.and scarce ray paniful ■ 
 
 plough, t_ 
 
 The needful aids of human life allow ; ( 
 
 So wretched is thy son, so hard a mother thou. ' 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 If you thought that hard upon you, we would 
 not refuse you half your time. Dryden. 
 
 A loss of one thircl of their estates will be a very 
 hard case upon a great number of people. Locke. 
 
 No people live with more ease and prosperity 
 
 H A R 
 
 than tlie subjects of liltle commonwealths ; ns, on 
 the contrary, there are none wlio sulfer more 
 under the grievances of a hard governnient than 
 the subjects of little principalities. Adii'isou. 
 
 To fniH a bill that may bring punishmer.t upon 
 the innocent, v^ill appear very hard. Swift. 
 
 0. Sour; rough; severe. 
 
 What, have yoa given him any hard words of 
 late? Shakesp. 
 
 Rougli ungovernable passions hurry men on to 
 say or do very hard or otfen>ive things. Atterbury. 
 
 7. Unfavourable; unkind. 
 
 As thou Inv'st mf , do him not that wrons. 
 To bear a hard opinion of his truth. Shahexp. 
 
 Absaloni and Aclnlophel he ttiinks is a liltle 
 hard on hisfanatick patrons. Dnjden. 
 
 Some hard rumours have been transmitted from 
 t'other side the water, and rumours of the severest 
 kind. Suift. 
 
 8. Insensible; inflexible. 
 
 If I by chance succeed 
 In what I write, and that's a chance indeed. 
 Know I am not so stupid, or so hard. 
 Not to feel praise, or fame's deserv'd reward. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 9. Unhappy ; vexatious. 
 
 It is a very Aard quality upon our soil or climate, 
 that so excellent a fruit, which prospers among all 
 our neighbours, will not grow here. Temple. 
 
 10. Vehement; keen; severe; SiSjB,/tard 
 \Vinter ; hard weather. 
 
 11. Unreasonable; unjust. 
 
 It is a little hard, that in an affair of the last 
 consequence lo the very being of the clergv» this 
 whole reverend body should be the sole persons 
 not consulted. Sicif't. 
 
 It is the hardest case in the world, that Steele 
 should take up the reports of his faction, and put 
 them off as additi<jnal fears, Sicijt. 
 
 12. Forced ; not easily granted. 
 
 If we allow the first couple, at tlie end of one 
 hundred years, tu have left ten pair of breeders, 
 which is no Aorrf supposition; there would arise 
 from these, in fifteen hundred years, a greater num- 
 ber than the earth was capable of. Burnet. 
 
 13. Powerful ; forcible. 
 
 The stag was too hard for the horse, and the 
 horse flies for succour to the man thiit's too hard 
 for him, and rides the one to death, and outright 
 kills tlie other. L'Kstrange. 
 
 Let them consider the vexation they are trea- 
 suring up for themselves, by struggfing with a 
 power which will be always too hard for Them. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 A disputant, when he finds that his adversary 
 is too hard for him, with slyness turns the dis- 
 course. Tlflffs. 
 
 14. Austere; roughs as liquids. 
 
 In making of vinegar, set vessels of wine over- 
 apainst the noon sun, which calleth oat the more 
 oily spirits, and Icavetli the spirit more sour and 
 hard. Bacon. 
 
 15. Harsh; stiif; constrained. 
 
 Others, scrupulously tied to the practice of the 
 ancients, make their figures harder than even the 
 marble itself. Dryden. 
 
 His direction is hard, his figures too bold," and 
 his tropes, particularly his metaphors, iusutlerably 
 strained. Dryden. 
 
 16. Not plentiful ; not prosperous. 
 
 There are bonfires decreed ; and, if the times 
 had not been hardt my billet should have burnt 
 too. Dryden. 
 
 17. Avaricious; faultily sparing. 
 
 Hard. adv. [hardo, \ery old Germ.] 
 
 1. Close; near: often with 6y. 
 
 Hard fn/ was a house of pleasure, built for a 
 Sunnncr retirin-z place. Sidneu. 
 
 They doubled a while what it should be, 'till 
 it wascast up even hard before them ; at which 
 lime they fully saw it was a man. Sidney. 
 
 H A R 
 
 A little lowly hermitage it was, 
 Down in a date hard hy a forest's side, 
 
 far from resort of people that did pass 
 In travel t(» and fro. Spenser. 
 
 Scarce had he said, when hard at hand they spie 
 That quicksand nigh, with water covered. 
 
 Spentrr. 
 
 When these marshal the way, hard at band 
 Climes the master and main exercise. Shakesj) 
 
 Abimelech went hard unto the door of the lower, 
 to burn it with fire. Judges. 
 
 The Philistines followed hard upon Saul. 
 
 2 Samvel. 
 
 Hard by a cottage chimney smokes, 
 From betwixt two aged oaks. HiU-m. 
 
 2. Diligently; laboriously; incessantly; 
 vehemently; earnestly; importunately. 
 
 Geneura rose in his defence, 
 -And prav'd so hard for mercy from the prince, 
 lliat to fiis (jueeu tiie king tn* offender ga»e. 
 
 Dryilen. 
 
 An ant works as hard as a roan wlio should carry 
 a very heavy load e\erj day four leagues. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Whoever my unknown (»rrcspondent be, he 
 presses hard for an answer, and is earnest in that 
 point. Jtterfrury. 
 
 3. Uneasily ; vexatiously. 
 
 When a man's servant shall play the cur with 
 him, look you it goes hard. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Distressfully; so as to raise diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 The question is Jiar<i set, and we have reason lo 
 doubt. Brovn. 
 
 A stag, that was hard set by the huntsmen, be 
 took himself to a stall for s.anctuary. L'Kstrange 
 
 5. Fast ; nimbly ; vehemently. 
 
 The wolves scampered away as hard as tJier 
 could drive. L'Estrange. 
 
 6. ^^ ith difficulty ; in a manner requiring 
 labour. 
 
 Solid bodies foreshow rain, as boxes and pegs of 
 wood when tliey draw and wind hard. BacoK. 
 
 7. Tempestuously; boisterously. 
 
 Wlien the North wind blows hard, and it rsina 
 sadly, none but fools sit dow n in it and cry ; wise 
 people defend themselves against it. TayU*r. 
 
 Ha'rdbound. adj. [hard and bound.] 
 Costive. 
 
 Just writes to make his barrenness appear. 
 And strains from hardbtnmd brains eight lines a- 
 year. Pope. 
 
 To H a'rden. r. n. [from hard.] To grow 
 hard. 
 
 The powder of loadstone and flint, by the ad- 
 dition t»f whites of eggs and gum-dragon, made 
 into paste, will in a few days harden to the hard- 
 ness of a stone. Bacon. 
 
 To Harden, v. a. [from hard.] 
 
 1. To make hard ; to indurate. 
 
 Sure he, who first the passage try'd. 
 In hardened oak his heart did hide. 
 And ribs of iron arm'd his side. Dryden. 
 
 A piece of the hardaied marl. iroorficarii. 
 
 2. To confirm in effrontery ; to make im- 
 pudent. 
 
 3. To confirm in wickedness; to make 
 obdurate. 
 
 But exhort one another dailv, lest any of yoo be 
 hardened through the deceit/ulness if sin. 
 
 Hcbrcus. 
 
 He stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart 
 from turning uiito the Lord. 2 Chrvn. 
 
 It is a melancholy consideration, that tJiere 
 should be several among us so hardened and de- 
 luded as to thiiik an oath a proper subject f.,r a 
 
 jest. 
 
 Addisim. 
 
 4. To make insensible ; to stupify. 
 
 Religion sets before us not the example of a 
 stupid Stoick, who had by obstinate ( tinciples 
 hardened himself against all sense of pain ; but an 
 example of a man like ourselves, that had a ten 
 der sense .T the least sutfering, and yet paiieutlj 
 endured the greatest. TUlolson. 
 
 867
 
 H A R 
 
 Years have not yet hardened me, and I have an 
 addition of weight on my spirits since we lost him. 
 
 Swiji to Pope. 
 5. To make firm ; to endue with con- 
 stancy. 
 
 'J'hcM should 1 liave comfort? yea, I would 
 
 ^arik'i myself in sorrow. _ Job. 
 
 Oiii' raises the soul, and hardens it to virtue ; 
 
 the other softens it again, arid unbends it into vice. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ha'rdener. n. s. [from harden.] One 
 
 that makes any thing hard. 
 Hardfa'voured. adj. [hard and fa- 
 vour.] Coarse of feature; harsh of 
 countenance. 
 
 When the blast of war blows in your ears, 
 Stitfen the sinews, summon up the blood. 
 Disguise fair Nature with hardfacour'd looks, 
 Then lend the eye a terrible aspect. Shakesp. 
 
 The brother a very lovely youth, and the sister 
 hardj'acoured. ' L'Estraage. 
 
 When Vulcan came into the world, he was so 
 lardj'avoured that both his parents frowned on him. 
 
 Driiden. 
 
 Hardha'nded. adj. [hard and haiid.] 
 Coarse ; mechanick ; one that has hands 
 hard with labour. 
 
 Hardhanded men that work in Athens here, 
 Which never labour'd in their minds 'till novi.Shak. 
 
 Ha'rdhead. n.s. [hard and head.] Clash 
 of heads ; manner of fighting in which 
 the combatants dash their heads together. 
 
 I have been at hardhead with your butting ci- 
 tizens ; I have routed your herd, I have dispers'd 
 them. Dryden^ 
 
 Hardhe'arted. adj. [hard and heart.] 
 Cruel; inexorable; merciless; pitiless; 
 barbarous ; inhuman ; savage ; uncom- 
 passionate. 
 
 Hardhearted Clifford, take me from the world ; 
 My soul to heav'n. Shakesp. 
 
 Can you be so hardhearted to destroy 
 Mv ripening hopes, that are so near to joy? Dryd. 
 
 John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was 
 very hardhearted to his sister Peg. Arhuthnot. 
 
 Hardhe'aRTEDNESS. 71. s. [from hard- 
 hearted. ] Cruelty ; want of tenderness ; 
 want of compassion. 
 
 Hardheartedness and cruelty is not only an in^ 
 human vice, but worse than brutal. L'Estrange. 
 
 How black and base a vice ingratitude is, may 
 be seen in those vices which it is always in com- 
 bination with, pride and hardheartedness, or want 
 of compassion. South. 
 
 Hardheartedness is an essential in the character 
 of a libertine. Clurissa. 
 
 Ha'rdihead.\ n. s. [from hardy.] 
 Hardihood. J Stoutness; bravery. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Enflam'd with fury and fierce hardvhead, 
 He scem'd in heart to harbour thoughts unkind. 
 And nourish bloody vengeance in his bitter mind. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Boldlv assault the necromancer's hall. 
 Where if lie be, with dauntless luvdlhoud. Milton. 
 Ha'rdiment. n. s. [from hardi/, hardi- 
 mciit, adv. Fr.] Courage; stoutness; 
 bravery. Not in use. 
 
 But full of fire and greedy hardhnent. 
 The youthful knight could not for ought he staid. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 On the gentle Severn's sedgy hank. 
 In sini'Ie opposition, hand to hand. 
 He did confound tlie best part of an hour 
 In chansin- hardimcnt with great Glendower.S/mfe. 
 
 Zeal was the spring whence flowed her hardi- 
 ment. Fahjai. 
 
 Ha'rdiness. n. s. [hardiesse, Fr. from 
 
 hardi/.] 
 1. Hardship; fatigue. 
 
 H A R 
 
 They are valiant and hardy ; great endurers of 
 cold, hunger, and all hardiness. Spenser. 
 
 2. Stoutness ; courage ; bravery. 
 
 If we, w ith thrice such powers left at home, 
 Caimot defend our own doors from the dog, 
 Let us be worried ; and our nation lose 
 The name of hardiness and policy. Shakesp. 
 
 Perkin had gathered together a power of all 
 nations, neithernr number, nor in the liardiness and 
 courage of their persons contemptible. Bacon. 
 
 He has the courage of a rational creature, and 
 such an hardiness we should endeavour by custom 
 and use to bring children to. Locke. 
 
 Criminal as you are, you avenge yourself against 
 the hardiness of one that should tell you of it. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 3. Effrontery; confidence. 
 Hardla'boured. adj. hard and la- 
 bour.] Elaborate ; studied ; diligently 
 
 wrought. 
 
 How chearfully the liawkers cry 
 A satire, and the gentry buy ! 
 While my hardtabour'd poem pines, 
 Unsold upon the printer's lines. Swift. 
 
 Ha'rdly. adv. [from hard] 
 
 1. With difficidty ; not easily. 
 
 Touching things which generally are received, 
 although iiV themselves they be most certain, yet, 
 because men presume them granted of all, we are 
 hardtiest able to bring such proof of their certainty 
 as may satisfy gainsayers, when suddenly and be- 
 sides exjiectation they require the same at our 
 hands. Hooker. 
 
 There are but a few, and they endued w ith great 
 ripeness of wit and judgment, free from all such af- 
 fairs as might trouble their meditations, instructed 
 in the sharpest and subtlest pointsof learning ; who 
 have, and that very hardly, been able to find out 
 but only the immortality of the soul. Hooker. 
 
 God hath delivered a law as sharp as the two- 
 edged sword, piercing the very closest and most 
 unsearchable corners of the heart, which the law 
 of nature can haidly, human laws by no means, 
 possibly reacii unto. Hooker. 
 
 There are in living creatures parts that nourish 
 and repair easily, and {.arts that nourish and re- 
 pair hardly. Bacon. 
 
 The barks of those trees are more close and soft 
 than those of oaks and ashes, whereby the moss 
 can. the hardlier issue out. Bacon. 
 
 The father, mother, daughter they invite ; 
 Hardly the dame was drawn to this repast. Dryd. 
 
 Recov'ring hardly what he lost before. 
 His right endears it much, his purchase more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 False confidence is easily taken up, and hardly 
 laid down. South. 
 
 2. Scarcely ; scant ; not lightly ; with no 
 likelihood. 
 
 The fish thst once was caught, new bait will 
 hardly bite. Fairy Queen. 
 
 They are worn, lord consul, so 
 That we shall hardly in our ages see 
 Their bainicrs wave again. Shakesp. 
 
 Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he de- 
 sires the credit of being thought good. South. 
 
 3. Almost not ; barely. 
 
 The wand'ring breath was on the w ing to part. 
 Weak was the pulse, and hardly heav'd the heart. 
 
 Drqden. 
 There is hardly a gentleman in tlie nation who 
 liath not a near alliance with some of that body. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 4. Grudgingly ; as an injury. 
 
 If I unwittiujrly 
 Have aught committed "that is hardly borne 
 By any ni this presence, I desire 
 To reconcile me. Shakesp. 
 
 r>. Severely; unfa^ourably. 
 
 ]f there are some reasons inducing you to think 
 hardlii of our laws, are those reasons demonstra- 
 tive, are they necessary, or mere possibilities only? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 6. Rigorously; oppressively. 
 
 Many men believed that he was hardly dealt 
 ^\\\\, Clarendon. 
 
 H A R 
 
 They are now iu prison, and treated hardly 
 enough ; for there are fifteen dead within two 
 years. Addison 
 
 They have begun to say, and to fetch instances, 
 where he has in many things been hardly used. 
 
 7. Unwelcomely ; harshly. 
 
 Such information comes very hardly and liarshiy 
 to a grown man; and, liowever softened, goes but 
 ill down. Locke. 
 
 8. Not softly ; not tenderly ; not deli- 
 cately. 
 
 Heav'n was her canopy ; hare earth her bed ; 
 So hardly lodg'd. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'rdmouthed. adj. [hard and mouth.] 
 Disobedient to the rein ; not sensible 
 of the bit. 
 
 'Tis time my hardmoutk'd coursers to controul. 
 Apt to run riut, and transgress the goal. Dryden. 
 
 But who can vouth, let loose to vice, restrain? 
 When once the hardmouth'd horse lias got the rein. 
 He's past thy pow'r to stop. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'rdness. 71. s. [from hard.] 
 
 1. DiiritY ; power of resistance in bodies. 
 
 Hardiness is a firm cohesion of the parts of mat- 
 ter that makes up masses of a sensible bulk, so that 
 the whole does not easily change its figure. Locke. 
 
 Fr(mi the various comhinations of these corpu- 
 scles happen all the varieties of the bodies formed 
 out of them in colour, taste, smell, hardness, and 
 specifick gravity. Woodward. 
 
 2. Difficulty to be understood. 
 
 'riiis label on my bosom 
 Is so from sense in hardness, that ] can 
 Slake no collection of it. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Difficulty to be accomplished. 
 
 It was time now or never to sharpen my in- 
 tention to pierce through the hardness of this er>- 
 terprize. Sidney. 
 
 Coiiccrnina the duty itself, the hardness thereof 
 is not such as needelh much art. Hooker. 
 
 4. Scarcitj' ; penury. 
 
 The tenants poor, the hardness of the times, 
 Are all CKCUses for a servant's crimes. Swift. 
 
 5. Obduracy; profligateness. 
 
 Everv commission of sin introduces unto the soul 
 a certain degree of hardness, and an aptness to con- 
 tinue in that sin. South. 
 
 6. Coarseness ; harshness of look. 
 
 By their virtuous behaviour they compensate 
 the hardness of their favour, and by the pulchritude 
 of their souls make up what is wanting in the 
 beauty of their bodies. Kat/. 
 
 7. Keenness; vehemence of weather or 
 
 seasons. 
 
 If the hardness of the Winter should spoil thera, 
 neither the loss of seed nor labour will be much. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 8. Cruelty of temper; savageness; harsh- 
 ness ; barbarity. 
 
 \Xe will ask, 
 That if we fail in our request, the blame 
 May hang upon our hardness. Shakesp. 
 
 '1 hey quicken sloth, perplexities unty. 
 Make roughness smooth, and hardness mollify. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 9. Stiffness ; harshness. 
 
 Sculptors are obliged to follow the manners of 
 the painters, and to make many ample folds, 
 which are insufferable hardnesses, and more like a 
 rock than a natural garment. Dryden, 
 
 1 0. Faulty parsimony ; stinginess. 
 
 Ha'rdock. n. s. I suppose the same 
 
 with burdock. 
 
 Whv he was met ev'n now, \ 
 Crown'd' with rank fumiter and furrow-weeds, 
 \\ ith hardocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-floweri. 
 
 Shaken, 
 
 Hards, n. s. The refuse or coarser part 
 
 of flax. ■ 
 Ha'rdsuip. n.s. [from hard.] 
 i. Injury; oppression. 
 
 868
 
 H A R 
 
 They are ripe for a peace, to enjoy what we 
 hare conquered for them ; and so are we, to re- 
 cover the effects of iheir hardships upon us. Swift. 
 
 2. Inconvenience ; fatigue. 
 
 Tliey were exposed to hanisliip and penury. Spratt. 
 
 You could not undergo the toils of war, 
 Nor bear the hardships that your leaders bore. Add. 
 
 Ill journeys or at liome, in war or peace, 
 By hardships many, many faU by ease. Prior. 
 
 Ha'rdware. n. s. [hard and ware,] 
 
 Manufactures of metal. 
 Ha'rdwareman. n. s. [hardware and 
 
 man.] A maker or seller of metalline 
 
 manufactures. 
 
 One William Wood, an hardivareman, obtains 
 by fraud a patent in England tj cuin copper to 
 pass in Ireland. Swift. 
 
 HA'RDY. adj. [hardi, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Bold ; brave ; stout ; Jaring ; resolute. 
 Trj the imagination of some in cocli-riiiiits, to 
 
 make one cock more iiardii, and the oilier more 
 cowardly. Bacon. 
 
 Recite 
 The feats of Aniazons, tlie fMtal fight 
 Betwixt the /t(n-(/v queen and hero knifflit. Vrjjden. 
 
 Who is there hurdif enough to contend with the 
 reproach which is prepared for those, who dare 
 venture to dissent from the received opinions of 
 their country ? Locke. 
 
 Could thirst of vengeance, and desire of fame, 
 Excite the female breast with martial flame ? 
 And shall not love's diviner pow'r inspire 
 More hardii virtue, and more een'rous lire ? Prior. 
 
 2. Strong ; hard ; firm. 
 
 Is a man confident of his present strength ? An 
 unwtiolesome blast may sliake in pieces his hardy 
 fabrick. Soiitli. 
 
 3. Confident ; impudent ; viciously stub- 
 born. 
 
 Hare and Here, differing in pronuncia- 
 tion only, signify both an army and alord. 
 So Harold is a general of an army ; Hare- 
 man a chief man in the army ; Hcrtcin 
 a victorious army ; which are much like 
 Stratochs, Polemarclins, and Ha^esis- 
 tratus among the Greeks. Gibso7i's Cantd. 
 
 HARE. n. s. [papa, Sax. harh, Erse.] 
 
 1 . A small quadruped, with long ears and 
 short tail, that moves by leaps, remark- 
 able for timidity, vigilance, and fecun- 
 dity; the common game of hunters. 
 
 Dismay'd irot tliis 
 Our captains Macbeth and Banquo ? 
 —As sparrows, eagles ; or the hare, the lion. Shak. 
 
 VVe view ill the open champaign a brace of swift 
 greyhounds coursing a good stout and well-breath- 
 ed hare. _ More. 
 
 Your dressings must be with harems fur. Wiseman. 
 
 Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare. Thorns. 
 
 2. A constellation. 
 
 The hare appears, who active rays supply 
 A nimble force, and hardly wings deny. Creech. 
 To Hare. v.n. [harier, Fr.] To fright; 
 to hurry with terrour. 
 
 To hare and rate them, is not tu teach but vex 
 them. Locke. 
 
 Harebell, n. s. [hare and bell.] A blue 
 flower campaniform. 
 
 Thou shalt not lack 
 The flow'r that's like I hy face, pale primrose ; nor 
 The azur'd harebell, like thy veins. .Shak. Cymh. 
 Ha'rebrained. adj. [from hare the verb 
 and brain.] \'olatile; unsettled; wild; 
 fluttering ; hurried. 
 That harebrained wild fellow begins to play the 
 ■ fool, when others are weary of it. Bacon. 
 
 Ha'refoot. n. s. [hare and foot.] 
 
 1. A bird. Ainsworth. 
 
 2. An herb. Ainsworth. 
 Ha'relip. n. s. A fissure in the upper 
 
 II A R 
 
 lip with want of substance, a natural 
 defect. Quincy. 
 
 'J'lie blots of nature's hand 
 Shall not in their issue staiirl ; 
 
 Never mole, hareli/), nor fear, 
 Shall upon their children be. Shakesp. 
 
 The third stilchis ])crf<jrmed with pins or needles, 
 as iii/iarc/i/is. Wiseman. 
 
 Ha'resear. n. s. [bupleurtim, Lat.] A 
 plant. 31 i Her. 
 
 Ha'rier. n. s. [from hare.] A dog for 
 hunting hares. Ainsworth. 
 
 To Hark. v. n. [Contracted from hear- 
 ken.] To listen. 
 
 The king. 
 To me inveterate, harks my hrotTier*s smi.Shakesp. 
 
 Pricking up his ears, to hark 
 If lie could hear too in the dark. Hudibras. 
 
 Hark, inter/. [It is originally the impera- 
 tive of the verb /i«rA-.] List! hear! listen! 
 What harmony is this? Jly good friends, hark! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The butcher saw him upon the gallop with a 
 
 piece of flesh, and called out, Hark ye, friend, you 
 
 may make the best of your purchase. UEstran^e. 
 
 Hark! methinks the roar that late pursu'd lue. 
 
 Sinks like the murmurs of a falling wind. Rowe. 
 
 Hark how loud the woods 
 Invite you forth! Tliomson. 
 
 Harl. n. s. 
 
 1 . The filaments ot flax. 
 
 2. Any filamentous substance. 
 
 Tile general sort are wicker hives, made of privet, 
 willow, or /iar/, daubed with cow-dung. Mnrtitner. 
 
 Harlequin, n. s. [This name is said to 
 have been given by Francis of France to 
 a busy buffoon, in ridicule of his enemy 
 Charles le quint. Dlenage derives it more 
 probably from a famous comedian that 
 frequented Mr. Harley's hotise, whom 
 his friends called Harlequino, little 
 Barley. Trev.] A buffoon who plays 
 tricks to divert the populace ; a jack- 
 pudding ; a zani. 
 
 The joy of a king for a victory must not be like 
 that of a hartcqnin upon a letter from his mistress. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The man in graver tragick known. 
 Though his iiest part long since was done, 
 
 Still on the stage desires to tarry; 
 And lie wlio play d the harlequin. 
 After the jest still loads tlie scene. 
 
 Unwilling to retire, though weary. Prii^. 
 
 HA'RLOT. n. s. [her lodes, Welsh, a girl. 
 Others for horelet a little whore. Others 
 fi-om the naine of the mother of William 
 the Conqueror. Hurlet is used in Chau- 
 cer for a low male drudge.] A whore ; 
 a strumpet. 
 
 .■Vway, my disposition, and possess me with 
 Some harlot's spirit. Shakesp. 
 
 They help thee by such aids as geese and harlots- 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 The barbarous harlots crowd the publick place ; 
 Go, fools, and purcllase an unclean embrace. Drxid. 
 
 Harlotry, n. s. [from harlot.] 
 1 . The trade of a harlot ; fornication. 
 
 Nor shall. 
 From Home's tribunal, thy harangues prevail 
 'Gainst harlotry, while thou art clad so thin. Dryd. 
 '2. A name of contempt for a woman. 
 A peevish self-will'd harlotry, 
 Tliat no persuasion can <lo goodupon. Shakesp. 
 HARM. n. s. [apm. Sax.] 
 
 1. Injury; crime; wickedness. 
 
 2. Mischief; detriment; hurt. 
 
 We, ignorant of ourselves, 
 Beg often our own harms, which the wise Powers 
 Deny us for our good. Shakesp, 
 
 H A R 
 
 How are we happy still in fear of harm? 
 But ha-n*\ precedes not sin. M^tim. 
 
 'Ihey should be suffered to write on- it would 
 keep them out of harm's way, and prevent them 
 from evil courses. Sicijt. 
 
 To Harm, v, a. To hurt ; to injure. 
 
 \\ hat sense had I of her stol'ii hours of lust ? 
 I saw't not, thought it not, it harm'd not nic. Shak. 
 Passions ne'er could crow 
 To harm another, or impeach your rest. Waller, 
 After their j'oung are hatcned, they brood 
 them under their wings, lest the cold, and some- 
 times the heat, hliould harm them. Rav. 
 
 IIa'rmful. adj. [harm and />///.] Hurt- 
 ful ; mischievous; noxious; injurious; 
 detrimental. 
 
 Ilis dearly loved souire 
 His spear of heben-wood bcnind liim bare. 
 
 Whose hnrmfnl head, thrice heated in the fire. 
 Had riven many a breast with pike-head square. 
 
 Speiwer. 
 Let no man fear that harmj'id creature less, be- 
 cause he sees the apostle safffrom that p<iis(>n.//a/^ 
 The earth brought furth fruit and food for man, 
 without any mixture of harmful qualify, Raleigh. 
 
 For fla.>: and oats will bum the tender field. 
 And sleepy poppies harmful harvests yield. Dryd. 
 Ha'rmi'L LLY. adv. [from harwjul.] Hurt- 
 fully ; noxiously; detrimenUilly. 
 
 A scholar is better occupied in playinijor sleep- 
 ing, than spending his lime not only vainly, but 
 harmfiillfj in such kiiid of e.>;errise. Ascham. 
 
 Ha'rmfulness. n, s. [from harmful.] 
 Hurtfulness; mischievousness; noxious- 
 ness. 
 
 IIa'rmless. adj. [from harm.] 
 
 1. Innocent; innoxious; not hurtful. 
 Touching; ceremonies htirmless in themselves, ann 
 
 hurtful only iu respect of luiniber, was it amiss to 
 decree that those things thai were least needful, 
 and newliest come, should be the first that were 
 taken away ? Hooker 
 
 She, like harmless lightning, throws her eye 
 On him, her hrolhers, me, her master ; hitting 
 Each object with a joy. Shakesp, 
 
 2. Unhurt; undamaged. 
 
 The shripwright will lie careful to gain by his 
 labour, or at least to save liimself Aarm/c-ts, and 
 therefore suit his work slightly, according to a 
 slight price. Raleigh. 
 
 Harmlessly, adv. [from harmhss.] In- 
 nocently ; Avithout hurt ; without crime. 
 
 He spent that day free from worldly trouble, 
 harmlessly, and m a recreation that became a 
 churchman. M'alton. 
 
 Bullets batter the walls ^\ Inch stand inflexible, but 
 fall harmlessly ir.to wood or feathers. Deray 'f Piety, 
 Ha'rmlessness. n. s. [from harmless.] 
 Innocence; freedom from tendency to 
 injury or hurt. 
 
 AVhen, through tasti less flat humility, 
 In dongh-bak'd men some /mr77i/fssiit'ss*we see, 
 'Tis butliis piilcgin that's virtuous and not he.Don/je. 
 Compare the harmlessness, the credulity, the ten- 
 derness, the modesty, and the ingenuous pliableness 
 to virtuous counsels, wliich is in youth untainted, 
 \\ilh themischieviHisness, the sl\ ness, tlic craft, the 
 impudence, the f lishood, and ilie confirmed ob- 
 stinacy in an aged 1 mg-practiscd sinner. South. 
 HaRMO'NICAL. I adj. [a^jxofoxc:; hffrmO- 
 Ha'rmonick. j niquc, Fr.] 
 
 1. Relating to tnusick ; susceptible of nui- 
 sical proportion to each other. 
 
 After every three whole notes, nature requirelh, 
 for all harmomcal use, one half note to be inler- 
 jiosed. KdCtwi. 
 
 2. Concordant ; musical ; proportioned to 
 each other: less properly. 
 
 Harmonical sounds, and discordant sounds, are 
 both active and positive ; but blackness and dark- 
 ness are, indeed, but privaties. Bacon. 
 
 So swells eacii wind-i>ipe ; ass intones to ass, 
 Hannonick twang of leather, honi, and brass. Pcpe. 
 
 S69
 
 H A R 
 
 Harmonious, adj. {harmonieux, Fr. 
 from harmony.'] 
 
 1 . Adapted to each other ; having the parts 
 proportioned to each other; symmetrical. 
 
 All the wide-exleiidctl skj-. 
 And all the harmonious worlds on high, 
 And Virgil's sacred work shall dje. Coicley. 
 
 God has made the intellectual world hm-mc.nious 
 and hcaiitiful without us ; but it will never come 
 into our heads all at once ; we must bring it home 
 piece-meal. Locke. 
 
 2. Ha\ing sounds concordant to each 
 other ; musical ; sjmphonious. 
 
 Thtiuflits that voluntary move Imrnwnious num- 
 bers. Millon. 
 
 The verse of Chaucer is not harmmious to us ; 
 
 they w ho lived with him, thought it musical. Drt/d. 
 
 HAR.MONlousLY.erfi-. [from Aflr;Hon/o(/s.] 
 
 1. With just adaptation and proportion of 
 parts to each other. 
 
 Not chaos-like, together crush'd and hruis'd ; 
 But as the world, harmoniousli/ confus'd : 
 Where order in variety we see. 
 And where, though all things differ tliej agree. Pope. 
 
 That all these distances, motions, and quantities 
 of matter slinuhl be so accurately and harmoniouslii 
 adjusted in this great variety ofours_vstcm,is above 
 the fortuitous lilts of blind material causes, and 
 must certainly flow from that eternal fountain of 
 wisdom. Bentleti. 
 
 2. Musically ; with concord of sounds. 
 
 If we look upon the world as a musical instru- 
 ment, well-tuned, and harmoniouslii struck, we 
 ought not to worship the instrument, hut him 
 that makes the musick. Htltllngjieel. 
 
 Harmo'niousness. n. s. [h-om /larmo- 
 nious.'] Proportion ; musicalness. 
 
 To Harmonize, v. a. [from harmony. 1 
 To adjust in fit proportions; to make 
 
 musical. 
 
 Love first invented verse, and form'd therhiitie, 
 The motion measur'd, harmonlz'd the chime. Vryd. 
 
 HARMONY, n. s. [i^fiola ; harmonic, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. The just adaptation of one part to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 The pleasures of the eye and ear are but the 
 effects of equality, good proportion, or corres- 
 pondence ; so thai equality and correspondence 
 are the causes of harmony. _ Bacon. 
 
 The harmony of things, 
 A.S well as that of sounds, from discord springs. 
 
 Dcnham. 
 
 Sure infinite wisdom must accomplish all its 
 works with consummate harmmy, proportion, and 
 regularity. _ Cheyne. 
 
 2. Just proportion of sound ; musical con- 
 cord. 
 
 The sound 
 Symphonious, of ten thousand harps that tnn'd 
 Angelic harmonies. _ MUtor. 
 
 Harmony is a compound idea, made up of dif- 
 ferent sounds united. iraHs. 
 
 3. Concord ; correspondent sentiment. 
 
 In us both one soul. 
 Harmony to behold in wedded pair ! 
 More cratcful than harmonious soui;ds to th' car. 
 ^ _ Milton. 
 
 I no sooner in my heart diriu'd, 
 My heart, which by a secret harmony 
 Still moves with thine, join'd in connexion sweet ! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 HAHNESS. n. s. [harnois, Fr. supposed 
 from itrn or hiern, Runick ; hiairn, 
 Welsh and Erse, iron.] 
 1. Armour ; defensive furniture of war. 
 Somewhat antiquated. 
 
 A goodly knight, nil dress'd in harness meet, 
 That from his head no place appeared to his feet. 
 
 Spenstr. 
 Of no right, nor colour like to right. 
 He doth fill fields with harness. Shahesp. 
 
 H A R 
 
 Were I a great man, 1 should fear to drink : 
 Great men should drink with harness on their 
 throats. Skakesp. 
 
 2. The traces of draught horses, particu- 
 larly of carriages of pleasure or state : of 
 other carriages we say geei\ 
 
 Or wilt thou ride? Thy hurses shall be trapu'd, 
 TheirAarness studded all with gold and pearl. Shak. 
 
 Their steeds around, 
 Free from their harness, graze tlie flow'ry ground. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 To Ha'rness. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To dress in armour. 
 
 He was harnest light, and to the field goes he. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Full fifty years, harnas'd in rugged steel, 
 1 have endur'd the biting Winter's blast. Rowe. 
 
 2. To fix horses in their traces. 
 Before the door her iron cliariot stood. 
 
 All ready harnessed fur journey new. Spenser. 
 
 Harness tiie horses, and get up the horsemen, 
 
 and stand forth witli your hamlets. Jcr. xlvi. 4. 
 
 When 1 plow my ground, my horse is harnessed 
 
 and chained to my plough. Hale's Origin of'Mank. 
 
 To the harnessed yoke 
 They lend their shoulder, and begin their toil. 
 
 Thomson. 
 HARP. K. s, [feajip. Sax. harpe, Fr, It is 
 used through both the Teutonick and Ro- 
 man dialects, and has been long in use. 
 
 Romanusq ; lyrd plaudat tibi, Barbarus harpa. 
 Ven. Fort.] 
 
 1 . A lyre ; an instrument strung Mith wire, 
 and commonly struck with the finger. 
 
 ArJon, when throujih tempests cruel wreck 
 He furlh was thruuii into the greedy seas, 
 
 Through the sweet musick wliich his harp did 
 make, 
 Allur'd a dolphin him from death to ease. Sjyenser. 
 
 They touch'd their golden harps, and hyraning 
 prais'd 
 God and his works. Milton. 
 
 Nor wanted tuneful harp, nor vocal quire ; 
 I'he muses sung, Apollo touch'd the lyre. Dryden. 
 
 2. A constellation. 
 
 Next shines the /larp.and through the liquid skies 
 The sliell, as lightest, first begins to rise ; 
 This when sweet Orpheus struck, to list'ning rocks 
 He senses gave, and ears to wither'd oaks. Creech, 
 
 To Harp. v. ii. [harper, Fr. from the 
 noun.] 
 
 1. To play on the harp. 
 
 I heard the voice of harpers harping with their 
 harps. ^ ^ R€v. 
 
 Things without life giving sound, whether pipe 
 or harp, except they give a distinction in trie 
 sounds, how shall it be Known what is piped or 
 harped?. 1 Cor. 
 
 The helmed cherubim, 
 .\nd sworded seraphim. 
 
 Are seen in giitt'ring ranks with wings display'd. 
 Harping in loud and solemn quire. 
 With unexpressire notes to heav'n's new-born 
 heir. Milton. 
 
 You hai-p a little too much unim one string. Ctj//i>r. 
 
 2. To touch any passion, as the harper 
 touches a string ; to dwell on a subject. 
 
 Gracious duke, 
 Ha}-p not on that, n-T do not banish reasnn 
 For inequality ; but let your reason serve 
 To make the truth appear. Shak. Meas.for Meas. 
 
 For thy good caution, thanks : 
 Thou'st hatyd my fear aright. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 He seems 
 Proud and disdainful, harping on what I am. 
 Not w hat he knew I was. Shakesp. Ant. and Chop. 
 
 Ha'rper. 71. s, [from harp.] A player 
 on the haq?. 
 
 Never will 1 trust to speeches penn'd. 
 Nor to the motion of a sclioolbo^-'s tongue ; 
 Nor wooeinrhime, like a blind Aarpfj-'s song. Sfia?c. 
 I'm the god of the harp; stop, my fairest ' — 
 in vain ; 
 Nor the harp, nor the harper, could fetch her 
 again. Tickdl. 
 
 H A R 
 
 Ha'rping Iron. n. s. [from harpago, 
 Lat.] A bearded dart with a hne fast- 
 ened to the handle, w-ith which whales 
 are struck and caught. 
 
 Tlie hoat which on the first assault did g«. 
 Struck with a harping Iron the y ounger foe ; 
 Who, when he felt his side so rudely gor'd, 
 Loud as the sea that nourish'd him he roar'd. IValler. 
 
 Harpone'er. n. s. [harponenr, Fr. from 
 harpoon.] He that throws the harpoon 
 in whaltfishing. 
 
 Harpo'on. n. s. [Iiarpon, Fr.] A harp- 
 ing iron. 
 
 Ha'rpsichord. n. s. A musical instru- 
 ment, strung with wires, and played by 
 striking keys. 
 
 Ha'rpy. n. s. [hai-pyia, Lat. harpie, 
 harpy V, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The harpies were a kind of birds which 
 had tile faces of women, and foul long 
 claws, very filthy creatures, which, when 
 the table was furnished for Phineus, came 
 flying in, and devouring or carrying 
 away the greater part of the victuals, did 
 so defile the rest that they could not be 
 endured. Raleigh. 
 
 That an harpy is not a centaur is by this way as 
 much a truth, as that a square is nota circle. Locke. 
 
 2. A ravenous wretch ; an extortioner. 
 
 I will do you any ambassage to the pigmies, ra- 
 ther than hold three words conference with this 
 harpy. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'rquebuss. n. s. [See Arquebuse.] 
 
 A handgun. 
 Ha'rquetjussier. n. s. [from hurquc- 
 
 biiss.] One armed with a harquebuss. 
 
 Twenty thousand nimble harquebusslers^ were 
 ranged in length, and but five in a rank. Knolles. 
 
 Harrida'n. «. s. [corrupted from hari' 
 delle a worn-out worthless horse.] A 
 decayed strumpet. 
 
 She just endur'd the Winter she began, 
 And in four months a batter'd harridan; 
 Now noihing's left, hut wither'd, [.ale, and shrunk, 
 To bawd for others, and go shares with |)unk Sulf't. 
 
 Harrow, n. s. [charroue, Fr. harcke. 
 Germ, a rake.] A frame of timbers cross- 
 ing each other, and set with teeth, drawn 
 over sowed ground to break the clods, 
 and throw the earth over the seed. 
 
 The land with daily care 
 Is exercis'd, and with an iron wai 
 Of rakes and harrotis. Dryden. 
 
 Two small liorrous, that clap on each side of the 
 ridge, harrow it right up and down. Mortimer. 
 To Ha'rrow. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To cover with earth by the harrow. 
 
 Friend, harrow in time, by some manner of 
 means. 
 Not only thy peason, but also thy beans. Tusser. 
 '2. To break with the harrow. 
 
 Can'st thou bind the unicorn with his band in 
 the furrow ? or will he harrow the valleys after 
 thee? -'"''• 
 
 Let the Volscians 
 Plow Rome, and han-ow Italy. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To tear up ; to rip up. 
 
 I couhl a tale unfold, whose lightest word 
 Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, 
 Make thy two eyes, like stars, stait from their 
 spheres. Shakesp. 
 
 Imagine you behold me bound and scourg d, 
 ]\Iv aged muscles hanou'd up with whips ; 
 Or hear me groanino on the rending rack. Emee. 
 
 4. To pillage; to^strip ; to lay waste. See 
 Harry, which in Scottish is the same
 
 H A R 
 
 As the king did excel in good cnmmonweallh 
 aws, so he had iji secret a design to make use of 
 them, as well for collecting of treasure as for cor- 
 recting of manners ; and so mcaninf; thereby tu 
 harrow his people, did accumulate them the rather. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 5. To invade ; to harass with incursions. 
 [From Jjepjian, Sax.] Obsolete. 
 
 And he that harrow'd hell with lieary stowrc. 
 The faulty souls from thence brought to his hea- 
 venly buwre. Fail}) Queen. 
 
 Most glorious Lord of life, that on this day 
 Did'st make thy triumph over death and sin ; 
 
 And having harrow'd hell, didst bring away 
 Captivity thence captive, us to win. Spenser. 
 
 6. To disturb; to put into commotion. 
 [Thia should rather be written harry, 
 harer, Fr.] 
 
 Most like : it harrows me witli fear and wonder. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Amaz'd I stood, harrow'd with grief and care. 
 
 Milton. 
 Harrow, interj. An exclamation of 
 sudden distress. Now out of use. 
 
 Harrow now out and weal away, lie cried ; 
 \Vh.at dismal day hath sent tliis cursed light. 
 To see my lord so deadly damnify 'd ? Spenser. 
 
 Ha'rrower. n. s. [from harrow.] 
 
 1. He who h;irrows. 
 
 2. A kind of hawk. Ainsworlh. 
 
 To Harry, v. a. [harer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To teaze ; to hare ; to ruffle. 
 
 Thou must not take ray former sharpness ill. 
 — T repent me much 
 That I so harry d him. Shahesp. 
 
 3. In Scotland it signifies to rob, plunder, 
 or oppress: as, one harried a nest ; that 
 is, he took the young away : as also, he 
 harried me out of house and home ; that 
 is, he robbed me of m}' goods, and turned 
 me out of doors. See To Harrow. 
 
 H.\RSH. adj. [hervischc. Germ. Skinner.] 
 
 1. Austere ; roughly sour. 
 
 Our nature here is not unlike our wine ; 
 Some sorts, when old, continue brisk and fine: 
 So age's gravity may seem severe. 
 But nothing ha'rsh or bitter ought l' appear. Deiih. 
 
 Sweet, bitler, sour, harsh and salt, are all the 
 epithets we have to denominate tliat numberless 
 variety of relishes. Locke. 
 
 The same defect of heat which gives a fierceness 
 to our natures, may contribute to that roughness 
 of our language, which bears some analogy to the 
 harsh fruit of colder countries, Swijt. 
 
 2. Rough to the ear. 
 
 A name utnuusical to Volscian ears. 
 And harsh in sound to thine. Shakesp. 
 
 Age might, what nature never gives the young. 
 Have taught the smoothness of thy native tongue ; 
 But satire needs not that, and wit will shine 
 Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Drifd. 
 
 The uinieccssary consonants made their spelling 
 tedious, and their pronunciation harsh. Dryden. 
 
 Thy lord commands thee now 
 Willi a harsh voice, and supercilious brow, 
 To servile duties. Dryden. 
 
 3. Crabbed ; morose ; peevish. 
 
 He was a wise man and an eloquent ; hut in his 
 nature harsh and haughty. Bacon. 
 
 Bear patiently the harsh words of thy enemies, 
 as knowing that the anger of an enemy admonishes 
 us of our duty. Taylor. 
 
 No harsh reflection let remembrance raise ; 
 Forbear to mention what thou caii'st not praise. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 A certain quickness of apprehension inclined him 
 to kindle into the first motions of anger ; but, for 
 a long time before he died, no one heard an intem- 
 perate or harsh word proceed from him. Atterbury. 
 
 4. Rugged to the touch ; rough. 
 
 Black feels as if you were feeling needles points, 
 or some harsh sand; aiidred feels very iiuooth. Boyle. 
 
 H A R 
 
 5. Unpleasing; rigorous. 
 
 With eloquence innate his tongue was arin'd ; 
 Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher 
 charm'd. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'rsh LY. adv. [from harsh.] 
 
 I. Sourly ; austerely to the palate, as un- 
 ripe fruit. 
 
 *2. With violence; in opposition to gentle- 
 ness, unless in the following passage it 
 rather signifies unripely. 
 
 'Till, like ripe fruit, thou drop 
 Into thy mother's lap ; or be with ease 
 Gather'd not harshly pluck'd. Mdlon 
 
 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly. 
 
 1 would rather he was a man of a rough temper, 
 that would treat me harshly, than of an effeminate 
 nature. Addison. 
 
 I. Unpleasantly to the ear. 
 
 My wife is in a wayward mood to-day ', 
 I tell" vou, 'twould sound harshly 'm her ears. Shak. 
 
 Get from him why he puts on this confusion. 
 Grating so harshttl all his days of quiet 
 With turbulent and dang'rous lunacy. Shakesp. 
 
 The rings of iron that on the doors were hung. 
 Sent out a jarring sound, and ftars/j/u rung. i)ri/(/eji. 
 
 Ha'kshness. n.s. [from harsh.] 
 
 1. Sourness; austere taste. 
 
 Take an apple and roll it upon a table hard: 
 the rolling doth soften and sweeten the fruit, which 
 is nothing hut tiie smooth distribution of the spirits 
 into the parts ; for the unet|ual distribution of 
 the spirits niakelh the harshness. Bacon. 
 
 2. Roughness to the ear. 
 
 Neither can the natural harshness of the Frencli, 
 or the perpetual ill accent, be ever refined into 
 perfect harmony like the Italian, Dryden. 
 
 Cannot I adiiiire the height of Milton's invention, 
 and the strength of his expressions, » ithout defend- 
 ing his antiquated words, and the perpetual harsh- 
 ness of their sound ? _ Dryden. 
 
 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offence ; 
 The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope. 
 
 3. Ruggedness to the touch. 
 Harshwssfmd ruggedness of bodies is unpleasant 
 
 to the touch. _ Bacon. 
 
 4. Crabbedness: moroseness; peevishness. 
 
 Thy tender hefted r.ature shall not give 
 Thee o'er tu harshness: her ejes are fierce, but 
 
 thine 
 Do comfort and not burn. Druiim. 
 
 HART n.s. [)5eopr, Sax.J A he-deer; 
 the male of the roe. 
 
 That instant was I turn'd into a hart, 
 And my desires, like fell and cruel bounds. 
 E'er since pursue me. Shakesp. 
 
 The deer 
 And fearful harts do wander every where 
 Amidst the dogs. Moj/'s Virgil. 
 
 Ha'rtshorn. n. s. 
 
 Hartshorn is a drug that coraes into use many 
 ways, and under many forms. What is used here 
 are' the whole boms of the common male deer, 
 which fall off every year. I'his species is the fallow 
 deer ; but some tell us, that the medicinal Itartshin-n 
 should be that of the true hart or stag. The salt of 
 hartshorn is a great sudorifick, and the spirit has all 
 the virtues of volatile alkalies : it is used to bring 
 people out of faintings by its pungency, holding it 
 under the nose, and pouring down some drops of 
 it in water. Hill. 
 
 Ramose concretions of the volatile salts are ob- 
 servable upon the glass of the receiver, whilst the 
 spirits of vipers and hartshoi^ are drawn. Woodv. 
 
 Ha'rtshorn. n. s. An herb. Ainsworth. 
 
 Ha'rt-royal. n. s. A plant. A species 
 of buckthorn plantain. 
 
 Ha'rtstongue. 71. *. [lingua cervina, 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 
 It commonly grows out from the joints of old 
 walls and buildings, where they are moist and sha- 
 dy. There are very few of them in Europe. Miller. 
 Hartstongue is propagated by parting the roots, 
 
 i and also by seed. Mnrtimer. 
 
 n A s 
 
 Ha'rtwort. n.s. [lordytium, Lat.] .An 
 umbelliferous plant. .Millir. 
 
 HA R\ E.ST. n. s. [jjicppej-^, Sax.] 
 
 1. The season of reaping and gathering 
 the corn. 
 
 As it ebbs, the seedsman 
 Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain. 
 Anil shortly comes to hartfst, Shakesp. 
 
 With harvest work he is worse than in Spring. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 2. The corn ripened, gathered and inned. 
 
 From Ireland come I with my strength. 
 And reap the harvest which that rascal sow'd. Shak. 
 
 \\ hen the father is too fondly kind, 
 Such seed he sows, such Aun^cst shall he find. Drvd. 
 
 3. The product of labour. 
 
 Let us the harvest of our labour eat ; 
 'Tis labour makes the coarsest diet sweet. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'rvest-home. n. s. 
 
 1 . The song wliich the reapers sing at the 
 feast made for having inned the harvest. 
 
 Your hay it is mow'd, and jour corn is reap'd ; 
 Vour barns will be full, and your hovels heap'd ; 
 
 Come, my boys, come, 
 
 Come, my hoys, come. 
 And merrily roar out harvest-home. Dryden. 
 
 2. The time of gathering harvest. 
 
 .\l harvist-home, and on the shearing-day, 
 When he should tlianks to Pan and Pales pay .Dry. 
 
 3. The opportunity of gathering treasure. 
 His wife I will use as the key of the cuckoidy 
 
 rogue's coffer; and t ere's my harvest-home. 
 
 Shakesp. Merry Wives of' Winds(>r. 
 
 Ha'rvest-lord. n. s. The head reaper 
 at the harvest. 
 
 Grant harvest-hvd more by a penny or two, 
 To ca'l on his fellows the better to do. Tvsser. 
 
 Ha'rvester. n. s. [from harvest.] One 
 
 who works at the harvest. 
 Ha'rvestman. n. s. [harvest and man.] 
 
 A labourer in harvest. 
 Like to a harvest-man that's task'd to mow 
 
 Or all, or lose his hire. Shakesp. 
 
 To Hash. v. n. [hachcr, Fr.] To mince ; 
 to ciiop into small pieces and mingle. 
 
 He rais'd his arm 
 Above bis head, and lain'd a storm 
 Of blows so terrible and thick. 
 As if he meant to hash her ijuick. Hudibras. 
 
 \\ hat have they to complain of but too great 
 variety, though some of the dishes be not served 
 in the exactest order, and politeness ; but haslud 
 up in haste ? Garth. 
 
 H.\SK. n. s. This seems to signify a case 
 or habitation made of rushes or flags. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Phnjbus, weary of liis yearly task. 
 Established hath"lns steeds in lowly lay, 
 .'Vnd taken up his inn in fishes hask. Spenser. 
 
 Haslet. \_ ti. s. [hasla, Islandick, a 
 Harslet, j bundle ; hasterel, hastc- 
 
 rean, hastier, Fr.] The heart, liver, 
 
 and lights of a liog, with the windpipe, 
 
 and part of the throat to it. 
 Hasp. n. s. [JJa^pj-, Sax. whence in some 
 
 provinces it is yet called hapse.] .\ 
 
 clasp folded over a staple, and fastened 
 
 on with a padlock. 
 Have doors to open and shut at pleasure with 
 
 hasps to them. MiTfiuifr. 
 
 To Hasp. r. n. [from the noun.] To shut 
 
 with a hasp. 
 Hassock, n s. [hascck. Germ.] Skinner. 
 1. A thick mat on which men kneel at 
 
 church. 
 
 He found his parishioners very irregular ; and 
 in order to make them kneel, 'aiid join in the 
 responses, he cave every eiie of them aihassock and 
 common prayer-book. Addisoru 
 
 871
 
 H A S 
 
 2. In Scotland it is applied to any thing 
 made of rushes or privet, on which a 
 person may sit ; it is tlierefore probable 
 thiit hassock and husk are the same. 
 
 Hast. The second person singular of 
 havf. 
 
 HA.STE. n. s. [haste, Fr. haesle, Dut.] 
 
 1. Hurry; speed; nimbleness; precipita- 
 tion. 
 
 Spare him, death ! 
 But O, thou wilt nut, can'st not spare ! 
 Haste hatli never time to liear. Craskau- 
 
 Our lines refurm'd, and not compos'd in haste, 
 Polisli'd like marble, would like marble last ; 
 But as the preseut, so the last age writ; 
 In bolh we tind like negligence and wit. JVuUei 
 
 In as much haste as I am, I cainiot forbear givinj^ 
 an example. Drydeit. 
 
 The wretclied father running to their aid 
 With pious haste, butvain, they nextinvade.Drj/d. 
 
 2. Passion ; vehemence. 
 
 1 said in my haste all men arc liars. Psalms. 
 
 To Haste. 1 v. n. [haster, Fr. hasten, 
 To Ha'sten. J Dut.] 
 
 1 . To make haste ; to be in a hurry ; to 
 be busy ; to be speedy. 
 
 I have not hastened from being a pastor to follow 
 thee. _ Jer. 
 
 2. To move with swiftness ; eagerness ; 
 or hurry. 
 
 'Tis Cinna, I do know him by his gait ; 
 He is a friend. Cinna, where liaste you so? Sliak. 
 
 They were troubled and /lasted away. Psalms. 
 
 All those things are passed away like a shadow, 
 and as a post that hasted by. Wisdom. 
 
 Hasting to pay his tribute to the sea, 
 Like mortal life to meet eternity. Denham, 
 
 These rites perform'd, the prince, without delay, 
 Hastes to the nether world, his destin'd way. Dri/ci. 
 
 Tu distant Sparta, and the spacious waste 
 Of sandy Pyle, the royal youth shall haste. Po])e. 
 
 Soon as the sun awakes, the sprightly court 
 Leave their repose, and hasten tu the sport. Prior. 
 
 To 
 
 tate ; to drive to a swifter pace, 
 
 Let it be so hasted, that suppur he ready at the 
 fartiiest by five of the clock. Shakes]). 
 
 Ail hopes of succour from your arms are past ; 
 To save us now, you must our ruin haste. Drydcn. 
 
 Each sees his lamp with dilf'rLMit lusire crown'd ; 
 Each knows his course with ditrrt-ut periods bound, 
 And in his passage through the liquid space, 
 Nor hastens, nor retards Ins neiLihhour's race. Prior. 
 
 Ha'stener. 71. s. [from hastrn.] One 
 
 that hasti'us or hurries. 
 Ha'stily. adv. [from hastj/.] 
 
 1. Inahurry; speedily; nimbly; quickly. 
 
 A voice that called loud and clear. 
 Come hither, hither, O cnme hastily ! Spenser. 
 
 If your grace incline that we .should live, 
 Vou must not, sir, too hastily forjiive. Waller. 
 
 The next to danger, hot pursu'd by fate. 
 Half cloth'd, half saked, hastily retire, Drydcn. 
 
 2. Rashly ; precipitately. 
 
 Without considering consequences, we hastily 
 engaged in a war which liath cost us sixty millidns. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 3. Passionately ; with vehemence. 
 Ha'stiness. «. s. [from hasty.'] 
 
 1. Haste ; speed. 
 
 2. Hurry ; precipitation. 
 
 A fellow being out of breath, or seeming to he 
 for haste, with humble hastiness told Basilius. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 3. Rash eagerness. 
 
 The turns of his verse, his breakings, his pro- 
 priety, his numbers, and liis gravity, I have as 
 fdr icnitated as the poverty of our language, and 
 liie hastiness of my performance, would allow. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 
 J^CUVI, lllLiI ICUU9C, itItU /lU^lC/^ tu LUC sjiuiL, J I lui . 
 
 fy Haste. 1 v. a. To push forward ; 
 Vo Ha'sten./ to urge on ; to precipi- 
 
 (1 A T 
 
 There is most just cause to fear, lest our hasti- 
 ness to embrace a tiling of so perilous conseciuence, 
 should cause posterity to feel iIkisc eviU. Hooker. 
 4. Angry testiness; passionate vehemence. 
 Ha'stings. w. s. [from hasty.] Peas 
 that come early. 
 
 The large white and green hastings are not to he 
 set till the cold is over. Mortimer. 
 
 Ha'sty. adj. \JiastiJ, Fr. from haste; 
 haestig, Dut.] 
 
 1. Quick; speedy. 
 
 Is this tlie counsel that we two have shar'd. 
 The sisters vows, the hours that we liave spent, 
 \\ hen we have chid the hasty footed time 
 For parting us ! Shakesp. 
 
 2. Passionate ; vehement. 
 
 He that is slow to wrath is of great understand- 
 ing ; but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. 
 
 Proverbs. 
 
 3. Rash ; precipitate. 
 
 See'st thou a man that is hasty in his words ? 
 There is more hope of a fool than of him. Proverbs. 
 
 Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine 
 heart be hasty to utter any thing before God. 
 
 Eccles. V. 2. 
 
 4. Earl)'' ripe. 
 
 Beauty shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty 
 fruit before the Sunnner. IsaiaH. 
 
 Ha'sty-pudding. n. s. A puddin^^ 
 made of milk and flour, boiled quick 
 together; as also of oatmeal and water 
 boiled together. 
 
 Sure hasty-pudding is thy chiefest dish 
 With bullock's liver, or some stinking fish. Ik>rset- 
 
 HAT. n. s. [fae-c, Sax. halt. Germ.] A 
 cover for the head. 
 
 She's as big as he is ; and there's her thrum hat, 
 and her muttier too. Shakesp. 
 
 Out of mere ambition you have made 
 Your holj' hat be stampt on the king's coin. Shak. 
 
 His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish monlcro. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Herraes o'er his head in air appear'd. 
 And with soft words his drooping spirits cheer'd ; 
 His hat adorn'd with wings discloa'd the god, 
 And in his hand he bore the slcep-compelling-rod. 
 
 Drydeti. 
 
 Ha'tband. n. s. [hat and hand.] A 
 string tied round tlie hat. 
 
 They had hats of blue velvet, with fine plumes 
 of divers colours, set round like hatbands. Bacon. 
 
 Room for the noble gladiator ! see 
 His coat and hatband shew his quality. Drydcn. 
 
 Ha'tcase. w. s. \hat and case.] A slight 
 box for a hat. 
 
 I might mention a hatcase, which I would not 
 exchange for all the beavers in Great Britain. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 To HATCH. V. a. [hecken. Germ, as Skin- 
 ner thinks, from heghen, eghen, ccg, egg^ 
 
 Sax.] 
 
 1. To produce young from eggs by the 
 warmth of incubation. 
 
 He kindly spreads Uis spacious wing, 
 And hatches plenty for the ensuing Spring.DeHftam. 
 
 The tepid caves, and fens and shores. 
 Their brood as iiumerous hatch from th' eggs, that 
 
 soon 
 Bursting with kindly rapture, fortli disclos'd 
 Their callow youug. MUton 
 
 2. To quicken the egg by incubation. 
 
 When the3 have laid such a number of eggs as 
 they can conveniently cover and hatch, they give 
 over, arid begin to sit. Pay. 
 
 Olliors h'lich their eggs, and tend the birth, 'till 
 it is able to shift for itself. Addison. 
 
 3. To produce by precedent action. 
 
 Which thing they very well knew, and I doubt 
 nut will easily confess, whu live both to iheir 
 great toil, aud grief, where the blasphemies of 
 Arians are renewed by them ; who, to hatch their 
 heresy, have chosen those churches as fittest nests 
 where Athanasius's creed is not heard. Ho'jker. 
 
 H A T 
 
 4. To form by meditation ; to contrive. 
 
 He was a man harmless and faithful, and one 
 who never hatched any hopes prejudicial to the 
 king, bu-t always intended his safety and honour. 
 
 Hayviard. 
 
 5. [From hacher to cut.] To shade by 
 lines in drawing or graving. 
 
 Who first shall i»ound, through others arms, hit 
 hluud appearing fresh. 
 Shall win this sword, silver'd and hatcht. Chapm. 
 
 Such as Agamemnon and the hand of Greece 
 SImuld hold up high in brass ! and such again 
 As venerable Neslor, hatch'd in silver. 
 Should with a bond of air, strong as the axle-tree 
 On whicli hcav'n rides, knit all the Grecian ears 
 To his experienced tongue. Shaketp. 
 
 'those tender hairs, and those hatching strokes 
 of the pencil, wljicli make a kind of minced meat 
 in painting, are never able to deceive-the sight. 
 
 Drvden. 
 
 To HATCH. V. n. 
 
 1. To be in a state of growing quick. 
 
 He observed circumstances in eggs, whilst they 
 were hatching, which varied. Boyle. 
 
 2. To be in a state of advance towards 
 
 effect. 
 Hatch, n s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A brood excUided from the egg. 
 
 2. The act of exclusion from the egg 
 
 3. Disclosure ; discovery. 
 
 Somctiiing's in his soul. 
 O'er wliich his melancholy sits on brood : 
 And, 1 do doubt, the hatch and the disclose 
 Will be some danger. Shakesj). Hamlet. 
 
 4. [Ha?ca, Sax. hecke, Dut. a bolt.] A 
 half door; a door with opening over it: 
 perha])s from hacher to cut, as a hatch 
 is part of a door cut in two. 
 
 Sumcthiiig about, a little from the right. 
 In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shakesp. 
 
 5. [In the plural.] The doors or open- 
 ings by which they descend from one 
 deck or floor of a ship to another. 
 
 To the king's ship, invisible as thou art, 
 There shalt tliou lind the mariners asleep 
 Under the hatches. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Tliere she's hid ; 
 The mariners all under hatches stow'd. Shakesp. 
 
 So seas, ini[)eird by winds with added pow'r. 
 Assault the sides, and o'er the hatches tow'r. Dryd 
 
 A ship was fasten'd to the shore ; 
 The j^Iank was ready laid for safe ascent. 
 For shelter there the trenitilirig shadow bent. 
 And skipji'd and skulk'd, and under /wtcAfs went. 
 
 Drydeit. 
 
 0. To be under hatches. To be in a state 
 of ignominj', poverty, or depression. 
 
 He assures us how this fatherhood continued its 
 
 course, 'till the captivity in Egypt, aud then the 
 
 jjoor fatherhood was under hatches. Locke, 
 
 7. Hatches. Floodgates. Ainsworth. 
 
 To HA'TCHEL. v. a. [hachclen. Germ.] 
 
 To beat flax so as to separate the fibrous 
 
 from tlie brittle part. 
 
 Tile asbestos, mentioned by Kircher in his de- 
 scri|>tiiin of China, put into water, moulders like 
 clay, and is a fibrous small excrescence, like hairs 
 growing upon the stones ; and for the hatchelling, 
 spinning, and weaving it, he refers to his mundus 
 snblerraneus. Woodaard. 
 
 Ha'tchel. 11. n . [from the verb ; hachel, 
 Germ.] The instrument with which 
 flax in beaten. 
 Ha'tcheller. 11. s. [from hatchcL] A 
 
 beater of flax. 
 HATCHET, n. s. [hache, hachdee, Fr. 
 ascia, Lat] A small axe. 
 The hatchet is to hew the irregularities of stuff. 
 
 ^loion. 
 His harmful hatchet he hent in bis hand. 
 And to the field he speedeth. Spenser. 
 
 072
 
 H A T 
 
 Ye shall have a hempen caudle then, and the 
 help of a hatchet. Shakc*^}. Henry \ I. 
 
 Nails, hammers, hatchets sliarp, and halters 
 atrong. Crashaw. 
 
 Tyrrheus, the foster-father of the beast, 
 Then clench'd ahatchet in his liurny fist. Vryden. 
 
 Our Cduntrynian presented him with a curious 
 hatchet, and asking him whether it had a cood 
 edge, tried it ujion the donor. Addison. 
 
 Hatchet-face. w. s. A ugly face ; such, 
 I suppose, as might be hewn out of a 
 block by a hatchet. 
 
 All ape his own dear iiniice will embracp : 
 
 An ugly beau adurcb a natchetface. Dri/d<r7k. 
 
 Ha'tchment. n, s. [Corrupted from 
 
 achievement. See A' hievement. ] 
 
 Armorial escutcheon placed over a door 
 
 at a funeral. 
 
 His means of death, his obsnre funeral, 
 No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones, 
 No noble rites nor formal ostentatiuii. 
 Cry to be heard. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'tchway. n. s. [hatches and waif.] 
 The way over or through the hatches. 
 
 To HATE. V. a, [)?a&ian. Sax.] To de- 
 test ; to abhor ; to abominate ; to regard 
 with the passion contrary to love. 
 
 Vou are, I think, assur'd I love you not. 
 —Your majesty hath no just cause to hate me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Do all men kill the thing they do not love ? 
 — Wutes any man the thing he would not kill ? 
 —Every ot^ence is not a hate at first. Shakes}). 
 
 Those old inhabitants of thy holy land, thou 
 hatest for doing most odious works. TVisd. xii. 4. 
 
 But whatsoever our jarring- fortunes prove, 
 Though our lords hate, methinks we two may love. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Hate. n. s. [ate, Sax.] Malignity; 
 detestation ; the contrary to love. 
 
 Speak llien to me, wlio neither beg nor fear 
 
 Your favours nor your hate. Shakesp. 
 
 Hate to fliezentms, arm'd five hundred more. 
 
 Dry den. 
 Nausicaa teaches, that the afflicted are not al- 
 ways the objects of divine hate. 
 
 Broome's Notes on the Odyss. 
 Ba'teful. adj. [hate and full.] 
 
 1, That which causes abhorrence ; odious ; 
 I abominable ; detestable. 
 
 My name's INIacbeth. 
 
 — The devil himself could not pronoucce a title 
 
 More hutefiii to mine ear. Shakesp. 
 
 There is no vice more hateful to God and man 
 
 than ingratitude. Peacham. 
 
 What owe I to his commands 
 Who hates me, and hath hitlier thrust me down, 
 To sit in hateful office here confin'd, 
 Inhabitant of heav'n, and heav'nly born? Milton. 
 
 I hear the tread 
 Of hateful steps ; I must be viewless now. 
 
 Milton. 
 But Umbriel, hateful gnome ! forbears not so ; 
 He breaks the phial whence the sorrows flow. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. That which feels abhorrence ; abhor- 
 rent ; detesting; malignant; malevolent, 
 
 Palamon, compell'd 
 No more to try the fortune of the field ; 
 And, worse than death, to view with hateful eyes 
 His rival's conquest. Dryden. 
 
 Hatefully, adv. [from hateful.] 
 
 1. Odiously; abominably. 
 
 2. Malignantly ; maliciously. 
 
 All their hearts stood hatefully appald 
 Lonj^ since. Chapman. 
 
 They shall deal witii thee haiefull-q, take away 
 all thy labour, and leave thee naked and bare, 
 
 F.zek. x.Hiii. 29. 
 
 Ha'tefulness. n, s. [from hateful.] 
 
 Odiousness, 
 Ha'ter. n, s. [from hate.] One that 
 
 hates ; an abhorrer ; a detester. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 H A V 
 
 1 nf her understood of that most noble conslan- 
 cy> which whosoever love-* not, shews himself to 
 be a haier of virtue, and unworthy lo live in llie 
 society of ui.mkiiid. Sidney. 
 
 Wliilst he stood up and spoke, 
 He was my master, and 1 wore my life 
 To spend "upon his hiitrn. Sliakcsp. 
 
 An enemy to (Jod, and a hater of all good. Broun. 
 
 They lievcr wauled so nmch knowledge as t(j 
 inform and convince them of the unlawfulness of 
 a man's being a murderer, an /infer of God, ami 
 a covenant-breaker. Soutli. 
 
 Ha'tred. n. s. [from hate.] Hate; 
 iH-will ; malifinity ; malevolence ; dis- 
 like ; abhoi-rence ; detestation ; abomina- 
 tion ; the passion contrary to love. 
 
 Haired is the thought of the pain which any 
 thing present or absent is apt to produce in us. 
 
 Ijocke. 
 
 I wish I had a cause to seek l.im there, 
 To oppose his hatred fully. Shakes^. 
 
 Hatred is the passion o'f defiance, and there is a 
 kind of aversatmn and hostility included in its 
 very essence ; but then, if tliere could have been 
 hatred in llie world wlien there was scarce any 
 thing odious, it would have acted within the com- 
 pass of its proper object. South. 
 
 Hatreds are often begotten from slight and al- 
 most innocent occasions, and fjuarrels propagated 
 in the world. _ Locke. 
 
 Retain no malic nor haired against any ; be 
 ready to do Ihcm all the kindness you are able. 
 ^ Wake. 
 
 She is a Presbyterian of the most raiik and vi- 
 rulent kind, and consequently has an inveterate 
 hatred to the church. Suifl. 
 
 Hatred has in it the guilt of murder, and lust 
 the guilt of adultery. Sherlock. 
 
 To Ha'tter. v. a. [Perhaps corrupted 
 
 from batter.] To harass ; to weary ; 
 
 to wear out with fatigue. 
 
 He's halter'd out with pejiance. Dryden. 
 
 Ha'tter. n. s. [from hat.] A maker 
 
 of hats. 
 
 A hatter sells a dozen of hats for five shillings 
 a-piece. Suif't. 
 
 Ha'ttock. n. s. [attock, Erse.] A shock 
 of corn. Diet. 
 
 Hauberk, n. s. [hauberg, old Fr.] A 
 coat of mail ; a breast-plate. 
 
 Him on the hauberk struck the princess sore. 
 That quite disparted all the linked frame, 
 And pierced to the skin. Fairy Queen 
 
 Hauberks and helms are hew'd with many a 
 wound ; 
 The mighty maces with such haste descend, 
 ■Phey break the bones, and make the solid armour 
 bend. Dryden. 
 
 To Have. v. a. in the present I have, thou 
 hast, he hath ; we, ye, they have ; pret. 
 and part. pass. had. [haban, Gothick ; 
 pabban. Sax. hebben, Dut. avoir, Fr. 
 avere, Ital.] 
 
 1. Not to be without. 
 
 I have brought him before you, that after exa- 
 mination had, I might have something to write. 
 
 Acts, X.XV. 26. 
 
 2. To carry ; to wear. 
 
 Upon the mast they saw a young man, who sat 
 as on horseback, having nothing upon him, Sidney. 
 
 3. To make use of. 
 
 I hare no Levite to luy priest. Judges. 
 
 4. To possess. 
 
 He that gathered nuich had nothing over, and 
 he that gathered little had no lack. Eiod, xvi. 18. 
 
 5. To obtain ; to enjoy ; to possess. 
 
 Now, O Father, glorify me with tliine own self, 
 with the glory which I had with thee before_ the 
 world was. John, xvii. 5. 
 
 6. To take ; to receive. 
 
 A secret liappiness in Petroniusis called curiosa 
 feticitas, and which I suppose he had from the 
 jfWicikT outicrc of Horace. Dryden. 
 
 H A V 
 
 7. To be in any state ; to be attended with 
 
 or united to as accident or concomitant. 
 
 Hate I need of ma<!men, that ye have broiij/ht 
 
 tliis fellow ? 1 Sam. xxi. 15. 
 
 B. To put ; to take. 
 
 That done, f^o arifl cart i(, and have it away.Tiui. 
 
 9. To procure ; to find. 
 
 [ would have any one name to me that tongue* 
 that one can speak as tie sliould du, by the rules 
 of ^raiuiiiar. Lucke. 
 
 10. Not to neglect ; not to omit, 
 
 I cannot speak , if my heart be not ready to 
 burst. — Well, sweet Jack, fiavt a care of th vself. 
 
 Sftakesp. 
 
 Yo\ir plea is good : but still I say beware : 
 Laws are explain'd by men ; so have a care. Pope. 
 
 11. To hold ; to regard. 
 
 Of the maid servants shall I be had in honour. 
 
 2 Sam. 
 'J'he proud hare h id me greatly in derision. Ps. 
 
 12. To maintain ; to hold opinion. 
 SonietiuK-s ihey will have tlieni to be natural 
 
 heat, whereas some of them are crude and cold \ 
 and sometimes they will hate them to be the qua- 
 lities of the tangible parts, whereas thty are 
 things 113' tiiemselves. Bacon. 
 
 13. 'I o contain. 
 
 You have of these pedlars that have raore in 'era 
 than you'd think, sister. Shakesp. 
 
 I will never trust a man again for keeping his 
 s vord dean ; nor believe he can have every thing 
 in him by wearing his apparel neatly. Shakesp. 
 
 14. To require ; to claim. 
 
 \\ hat would these madmen have ? 
 First they would bribe us without pence. 
 Deceive us witliout common sense, 
 And without pow'r enslave. Dryden. 
 
 15. To be a husband or wife to another. 
 
 If I hud been married to him, for all he was in 
 womanS apparel, I would not hare liadYnm.Shaic, 
 
 1(5. To be engagedj as in a task or employ- 
 ment. 
 
 If we maintain things that are established, we 
 have to strive with a number of heavy prejudices, 
 deeply rooted in the hearts of men. Hooker. 
 
 The Spaniard's captain never hath to meddle 
 with his soldiers pay. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Of the evils which hindered tlie peace and good 
 ordering of that land, tlie inconvenience of the 
 laws was the first which you had in hand. Spender. 
 
 Kings have to deal with their neighbours, their 
 wives, their children, their prelates or clergy, tlieir 
 nobles, their merchants, and their common. Baoon. 
 
 17. To wish ; to desire; in a lax sense. 
 
 I had rather be a door-keeper in tlie house of my 
 God, than to dwell in the teats of wickediiess. Ps. 
 
 I would have no man discouraged with that 
 kind of life or series of actions, in which the choice 
 ofodlters, or his own necessities, may have en- 
 gaged him. Addison. 
 
 lb. To buy. 
 
 If these trifles were rated only by art and artful- 
 ness, we should hai^ them mucli cheaper. Coliier. 
 
 19. It is most used in English, as in other 
 European languages, as an auxiliary verb 
 to make the tenses ; havej hast, and 
 hath, or hasj the preterperfect ; and had, 
 and hi/sty the preterpluperfect. 
 
 If there had been words enow between them to 
 have expressed provocation, they had gone toge- 
 ther by the ears. Congreve. 
 
 I have heard one of the greatest geniuses this 
 age has produced, who had been trained up in all 
 the polite studies of antiquity, assure me, upon 
 his being obliged to search into records, that he 
 at last took an incredible pleasure in it. Addison. 
 
 I have not here considered custom as it makes 
 thhigs easy, but as it renders them delightful ; 
 and though others ftare made llie same refleclJnns, 
 it is possible they may not have drawn those uses 
 from it. " Addisi*n. 
 
 That admirable precept which Pythagoras it 
 said to have given to his discij-les, and which that 
 
 hilosopher must have drawn from the obwrvalion 
 
 hai^e enlarged upon. Addison. 
 
 ri 
 
 5T 
 
 873
 
 H A U 
 
 The gods hate placed labour before virtue. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 This observation we have made on man. Addia. 
 
 Evil spirits have contracted in the body lialirt 
 of lust and sensuality, malice, and revenge. Addis. 
 
 Their torments have already taken root in them. 
 
 Addistm. 
 
 That excellent author has shewn how every par- 
 ticular custoru and habit of virtue will, in its own 
 nature, produce the heaven, or a stale of happiness, 
 in hiiu who shall hereafter practise it. Addison. 
 20. Have at, or loith, is an expression de- 
 noting resolution to make some attempt. 
 They seem to be imperative expressions ; 
 have this at you; let this reach ynu ; 
 or take this ; have with you ; take this 
 with you ; but this will not explain 
 have at it, or have at him, which must 
 be considerecl as more elliptical ; as, we 
 will have a trial at it, or at him. 
 
 He that will caper with me for a thousand 
 marks, let him lend me the money, and h.ive at 
 bin). Shahesp. 
 
 1 can bear my part ; 'tis my occupation : have 
 at it with you. .Shakesjl. 
 
 I never was out at a mad frolick, though this 
 is the maddest I ever undertook ; have with you 
 lady mine ; I take you at your word. Driiden. 
 
 HAVEN, n. s. [haven, Dut. havre, Fr.] 
 
 1. A port ; a harbour ; a station for ships. 
 
 Love was threatened and promised to him, and 
 
 his cousin, as both the tempest and haven of their 
 
 best years. Sidney 
 
 Order for sea is given : 
 They have put forth the haven. Shakesp 
 
 Alter an hourand a half sailing, we entered into 
 a good haven, being the port of a fair city. Bacon. 
 
 The queen beheld, as soon as day appear'd, 
 The navy under sail, the haven clear'd. Denham. 
 
 We may be shipwreck'd by her breath ; 
 Love, favour'd once with that sweet gale, 
 Dmibles his haste, and fdls his sail, 
 'Till he arrive, where she must prove 
 The haven, or the ruck of love. Waller. 
 
 *2. A shelter ; an asylum. 
 
 All places, that the eye of heaven visits, 
 Are to a wise man ports and happy haveiis. Shak. 
 
 Ha'venf.r. 71. s. [from haven.] An 
 overseer of a port. 
 
 These earls and dukes appointed their special 
 officers, as receiver, liavener, and customer. 
 
 Carew. 
 
 Ha'ver. n. s. [from have.] Possessor ; 
 holder. 
 
 Valour is the chiefest virtue, and 
 Most dignifies the haver. Shakes]). 
 
 Ha'ver is a common word in the northern 
 countries for oats; as, haver bread for 
 oaten bread ; perhaps properly ave?i, 
 from avena, Lat. 
 
 When you would anneal, take a blue stone, 
 such as they make haver or oat cakes upon, and 
 lay it upon' the cross bars of iron. Peacham. 
 
 Haught. adj. [haut, Fr.] 
 
 1. Haughty ; insolent ; proud ; contemp- 
 tuous; arrogant. Obsolete. 
 
 The proud insulting queen. 
 With Clitford and the haught Northumberland, 
 Have wrought the easy melting king, like wax. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 No lord of thine, thou haught insulting man ; 
 Nor no man's lord. Shakesp. 
 
 2. High ; proudly magnanimous. 
 
 His courage haught, 
 Desir'd of foreign foemen to be known. 
 And far abroad for strange adventures sought. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Ha'ughtily. adv. [from haughty.] 
 Proudly ; arrogantly ; contemptuously. 
 
 Her heav'niy form too haughtily she priz'd ; 
 His person hated, and his gifts despis'd. Dryden. 
 
 Haughtiness, n. s. [from haughty.] 
 
 H A U 
 
 Pride ; arrogance ; the quality of being 
 
 haughty. 
 
 By the head we make known our supplications, 
 our ihreatninsis, our mildness, our hangldiness, our 
 love, and our'hatred. Uryden. 
 
 FIA'UGHTY. adj. [hautaine, Fr.] 
 
 1. Proud ; lofty ; insolent ; arrogant; con- 
 temptuous. 
 
 His wife being a woman of a hanghtii and im- 
 perious nature, and of a wit superior to his, quick- 
 ly resented the disrespect she received from him. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 I shall sing of battles, blood and rage. 
 And haughty souls, that mov'd with mutal hate. 
 In fighting fields pursu'd and found their fate. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Proudly great. 
 
 Our vanquish'd wills that pleasing force obey ; 
 Her goodness takes our liberty away ; 
 And haughtvButatn yields to arbitrary sway. Prior. 
 
 3. Bold ; adventurous ; of high hazard. 
 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Who now shall give me words and sound 
 Equal unto this haughty enterprize .' 
 
 Or who shall lend me whigs, with which from 
 ground 
 Bly lowly verse may loftily arise ? Fairy Queen. 
 Ha'ving. n. s. [from have.] 
 1. Possession ; estate ; fortune. 
 My having is not much ; 
 I'll make division of my jiresent with you : 
 Hold, there's half my coffer. Shakesp. 
 
 •2. The act or state of possessing. 
 
 Of tlie one side was alledged the having a pic- 
 ture, which the other wanted ; of the other side, 
 the first striking the shield. Sidney. 
 
 Thou art not for the fashion of these times. 
 Where none will sweat but for promotion ; 
 And having that, do choak their service up. 
 Even with the having. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 3. Behaviour; regularity. This is still 
 retained in the Scottish dialect. It may 
 possibly be the meaning here. 
 
 The gentleman is of no having: he kept com- 
 pany with the wild prince and Poins : he is of too 
 high a region : he knows too mucli. Shakesp. 
 
 Ha'viour. n. s. [for behaviour.] Con- 
 duct ; manners. Not used. 
 
 Their ill haviour garres men niiss.ay 
 Both of their doctrines and their fay. Spenser. 
 
 To Haul. v. a. [haler, Fr. to draw.] To 
 pull; to draw; to drag by violence. A 
 word which, applied to things, implies 
 violence; and, to persons, awkwardness 
 or rudeness. This word is liberally ex- 
 emplified in hale ; etymology is regard- 
 ed in hale, and pronunciation in haul. 
 
 Thy Dol, and Helen of thy noble thoughts. 
 Is in base durance and contagious prison, 
 Haul'A thither by mechanick dirty hands. Shak. 
 
 The youth with songs and rhimes, 
 Some dance, some haul the rope. Denham. 
 
 Some the wheels prepare. 
 And fasten to the horses feet ; the rest 
 With cables haul along th' unwieldy beast. Dryd. 
 
 In his grandeur he naturally chuses to haul up 
 others after him whose accomplishments most re- 
 semble his own. Swift. 
 
 Thither they bent, and haul'd their ships to land ; 
 The crooked keel divides the yellow sand. Pope. 
 
 Romp-loving miss 
 Is haul'd about in gallantry robust. Thomson. 
 
 Haul. n. s. [from the verb.] Pull ; 
 violence in dragging. 
 
 The leap, the slap, the haul. Thomson. 
 
 Haum. n. s. [or hame. or halm ; healm. 
 Sax. halm, Dut. and Dan.] Straw. 
 In champion countrie a pleasure they take 
 To mow up their haume for to brew and to bake : 
 The haujne is the straw of the wheat or the rie. 
 Which once being reaped, they mow by and by. 
 
 Tusser 
 
 H A U 
 
 Having stripped off the haum or binds from the 
 poles, as you pick the hops, stack them np.Mortim, 
 
 Haunch, n. s. [hancke, Dut. hanche, Fr. 
 anca, Ital.] 
 
 1. The thigh ; the hind hip. 
 
 Hail, groom I didst thou not see a bleeding hind. 
 Whose right haunch earst ray stedfast arrow strake ? 
 
 Spenter. 
 
 To make a man able to teach his horse to stop 
 and turn quick, and to rest on his haunches is of 
 use to a gentleman both in peace and war. Locke. 
 
 2. The rear ; the hind part. 
 
 Tliuu art a Summer bird, 
 \^ Inch ever in the haunch of Winter sings 
 The lifting up of day. Shakesp. 
 
 To HAUNT. V. a. [hanter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To frequent ; to be much about any 
 place or person. 
 
 A man who for his hospitality is so much haunted, 
 that no news stir but come to his ears. Sidney. 
 
 Now we being brought known unto her, after 
 once we were acquainted, and acquainted we 
 were sooner than ourselves expected, she con- 
 tinually almost hauted us. Sidney, 
 
 1 do haunt thee in the battle thus. 
 Because some tell me that tliou art a king. Shak. 
 
 She tills dangerous forest haunts. 
 And in sad accents utters her complaints. Waller. 
 
 Earth now 
 Sccur'd like to heav'n, a seat where gods might 
 
 dwell. 
 Or wander with delight, and love to haunt 
 Her sacred shades. Milton. 
 
 Celestial Venus liaunts Tdalia's groves ; 
 Diana Cynthus, Ceres Hybla loves. Pope. 
 
 2. It is used frequently in an ill sense of 
 one that comes unwelcome. 
 
 You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house ; 
 I told you, sir, my daughter is dispos'd of. Shak. 
 
 Ob, could I see my country-seat ! 
 There leaning near a gentle brook. 
 Sleep, or peruse some ancient book : 
 And there in sweet oblivion drown 
 Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift. 
 
 3. It is eminently used of apparitions or 
 spectres that appear in a particular place. 
 
 Foul s|iirit5 /iai(7it my resting place. 
 And ghastly visions break my sleep by night. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 All these the woes of Oedipus have known. 
 You fates, your furies, and your haunted town 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Haunt, v. n. To be much about; 
 to appear frequently. 
 
 I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors : 
 In honest plainness thou hast heard me say. 
 My daughter's not fur thee. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Where they most breed and /wimf I have observ'd. 
 The air is delicate. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Haunt, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Place in which one is frequently found. 
 
 We set toils, nets, gins, snares and traps, for 
 beasts and birds in their own hauMts and walks. 
 
 L' Estrange, 
 
 To me pertains not, she replies. 
 To know or care where Cupid flies ; 
 What arc his hatmts, or which his way. 
 Where he would dwell, or whither stray. Prior. 
 
 A scene where, if a god should cast his sight, 
 A god might gaze and wonder with delight ! 
 Joy touch'd the messenger of heav'n ; he stay'd, 
 Entraitc'd, and all the blissful haunts survey 'd. 
 
 Pupf. 
 
 2. Habit of being in a certain place. 
 
 The haunt you have got about the courts will, 
 one day or another bring your family to beggary. 
 
 Arhuthnot. 
 Ha'unter. n. 4. [from haunt.] Fre- 
 quenter ; one that is often found in any 
 
 place. 
 
 The ancient Grecians were an ingenious people, 
 of whom the vulgar sort, such as were hauntert of 
 theatres, took oleasure in the conceits of Aristo- 
 phanes Wotton nn Educatton. 
 
 874
 
 H A W 
 
 goddess, haunter of the woodland gf^en, 
 Queen of the nether skies ! Dri^den. 
 
 Ha'vock. n. s. [hdfogy Welsh, devasta- 
 tion.] Waste; wide and general de- 
 vastation ; merciless destruction. 
 
 Having been never used to have any thing of 
 their own, thev rnake no spare of an^' thing, but 
 havock and cunfiision of all they meet with. Spens. 
 
 Saul made havock of the cliurch. ActSt viii. 3. 
 
 Ye guds ! what havovk does ambition make 
 Among your works ! Addison's Cato. 
 
 The Rabbins, to express the great havoch which 
 has been made of the Jews, tell us, that there were 
 such torrents of h ly bluod shed, as carried rocks 
 of a hundred yards in circumference above tliree 
 miles into the sea. ^ Addismi, 
 
 If it had either air or fuel, it raust make a 
 greater havock than any history mentions. Ckeyne. 
 
 Ha'vock. interj. [from the noun.] A 
 word of encouragement to slaughter. 
 
 Vv'Uy stand these royal fronts amazed thus? 
 Cry havock, kin^s ! _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 Ate by his side, 
 Cries havock! and lets loose the dogs of war. Shah. 
 
 To Ha'vock. v, a. [from the noun.] To 
 waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. 
 
 Whatsoever they leave, the soldier spoileth and 
 havocketk; so that, between both, nothing is left. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 See, with what heat these dogs of hell advance, 
 
 To waste and havock yonder world, which I 
 
 So fair and good created ! Milton. 
 
 Ha'utboy. n. s, [haut and bois.] A 
 
 wind instrument. 
 
 1 told John of Gaunt he beat his own name ; 
 for you might have truss'd him and all bis apparel 
 into aneel-skin : the case of a treble hautboy was a 
 mansion for him. Shakcsp. 
 
 Now give the hautboys breath j he comes, lie 
 comes. Dryden. 
 
 Hautboy Strawherry . See Straw- 
 berry. 
 Haw. n. s. [fag, Sax.] 
 
 1. The berry and seed of the hawthorn. 
 
 The seed of the bramble with kernel and haiv. 
 
 Tusser. 
 Store of haws and hips portend cold Winters. 
 
 -Bacon's Natural Hist. 
 
 His quarrel to the hedge was, that his thorns 
 
 and ins brambles did not bring forth raisins, rather 
 
 than haws and blackberries. VEstrange. 
 
 2. An excrescence in the eye. 
 
 3. [faga, Sax. haw a garden, Dan.] A 
 small piece of ground adjoining to an 
 house. In Scotland they call it hau^h. 
 
 Upon the haw at Plymouth is cut out in the 
 ground the portraiture of two raeji, with clubs iu 
 their liands, whom they terra Gog and Magog. 
 
 Carew. 
 To Haw. v. n. [Perhaps corrupted from 
 hawk or hack.'\ To speak slowly with 
 frequent intermission and hesitation. 
 
 'Tis a great way ; but yet, after a little hum- 
 ming and hawing upon't, he agreed to undertake 
 the job. V Estrange. 
 
 Hawk. w. s. [htebe^^ Welsh ; fapoc. 
 Sax. accipiter, Lat.] 
 
 1. A bird of prey, used much anciently in 
 sport to catch other birds. 
 
 Do'st thou love hawking? Thou hast hawks will 
 soar 
 Above the morning lark- Shakesp. 
 
 It can be no more disgrace to a great lord to 
 draw a fair picture, than to cut his hawk's meat. 
 
 Peacham. 
 Whence borne on liquid wing 
 The sounding culver shoots ; or where the hawk. 
 High in the beetling cliffs, his airy builds. 
 
 Tliomsoii. 
 
 2. [Hoch, Welsh.] An effort to force 
 phlegm up the throat. 
 
 To Hawk. v. n. [from hawk.^ 
 
 II A 
 
 !. To fly hawks at fowls ; to catch birds 
 by means of a hawk. 
 
 Ride unto St. Alhan's, 
 Whereas the king and queen do mean to hawk.Shak. 
 
 One folhjwed study and knowledge, and another 
 hawking and huntine. Locke. 
 
 He that hawks at larks and sparrows lias no less 
 sport, tliough a much less considerable quarry .than 
 he that tiles at nobler game. Locke. 
 
 A falc'ner Henry is, when Emma hawks ; 
 With her of tarsels and of lures he talks. Prior. 
 2. To fly at ; to attack on the wing. 
 
 A faulcon tow'ring in her pride of place, 
 Was by a Hmusing owl huwk'd at and kill'd. Shuk. 
 
 W^hether upv^ard to the moon they go, 
 Or dream tlic Winter out in caves below, 
 Or ft(i(f/c at Hies elsewhere, concerns us not to know 
 
 Vrydeii. 
 
 To force up phlegm 
 
 3. [Hock, Welsh.] 
 with a noise. 
 
 Come, sit, sit, and a song.' Sliall we clap 
 into't roundly, without haicking or spitting, or 
 saying we are hoarse, wliich are the only pro- 
 logues to a bad voice? Shakes]^. 
 
 She complained of a stinking tough pldegm 
 which she hawked up in the mornings Wiseman. 
 
 Blood, cast out of the throat or windpipe, is 
 spit out with a hawking or small cough ; that out 
 of the gums is spit out without hawking, coughing, 
 or vomiting. Harvey. 
 
 4. To sell by proclaiming it in the streets. 
 [From hock, Germ, a salesman.] 
 
 His works were hawk'd in every street ; 
 But seldom rose above a sheet. Swift. 
 
 Ha'wked. adj, [from Aflic^,] Formed 
 like a hawk's bill. 
 
 Flat noses seem comely unto the Moor, an 
 aquiline or hawked one unto the Persian, a large 
 aiid prominent nose unto the Roman. B-^'own. 
 
 Ha'wker. w. s. [from hock, Germ.] One 
 who sells his wares by proclaiming them 
 in the street. 
 
 I saw my labours, which had cost me so mucli 
 thought, bawled about by common hawkers, which 
 I once intended fur the consideration of tlie greatest 
 person. Swift. 
 
 To grace this honour'd day, the queen proclaims. 
 By herald hawkers, high heroick games : 
 She summons a!l her sons ; an enaiess band 
 Pours forth, and leaves unpeopled half the land. 
 
 P(ype. 
 
 Ha'wkeed. «. s. A plant. 
 
 Oxtongue is a species of this plant, MiUer. 
 Ha'wses. n. s, [of a ship.] Two round 
 holes under the ship's head or beak, 
 through which the cables pass when she 
 is at anchor. 
 Ha'wthorn. n. s. [ffpj ^opn. Sax.] 
 A species of medlar ; the thorn that 
 bears haws; the white thorn. 
 
 The use to which it is applied iu England is to 
 make hedges : there are two or three varieties of 
 it about London ; but that sort whicli produces tlie 
 smallest leaves is preferable, because its branches 
 always grow close together. Milter. 
 
 There is a man haunts the forest, that abuses our 
 roung plants with carving Rosalind on their barks ; 
 angsodes uj)onftau'(/u>nw,and elegies on brambles. 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 Some in their hands, beside the lance and shield 
 The boughsof woodbiiieorof fto»(/iiin( held. Drijd. 
 Now /((luf/uinui blossom, now the daisies spring. 
 
 Pope. 
 The hawthorn whitens, Thomson. 
 
 Ha'wthorn fly. w. s. An insect. 
 
 TheAau.-t/ioni//visall black, and not big.lt'fl/fon. 
 
 HAY. n. s. [fiej, fij, Sax. hn/, Dut.] 
 Grass dried to fodder cattle in Winter. 
 
 Make hay while the sun shines. Camden s Rem. 
 
 Make poor men's cattle break their necks ; 
 Set fire on barns and hay blacks hi the night. 
 And bid the owners quench thera with llieir tears. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 ha 
 
 } 
 
 H A Z 
 
 Wc hare heats of dnngs. and of hay$ and Iierfcj 
 laid up moist. Bacon. 
 
 Or if the earHlT season lead 
 To the tann'd kay cock iu tlie mead. Milinn. 
 
 Bring them for food sweet boughs and osiers cut. 
 Nor all the Winter long thy hay rick shut. Mav. 
 
 Some turners turn long and slender sprigs of 
 ivory, as small as an hay stalk. Moxtm. 
 
 By some hay cock, or some shady thorn. 
 He bids his beads both even song and morn. Dryrl. 
 
 The best n.ai.ure for meadows is the bottom 
 oi hay mows and hay stacks. Mortimer 
 
 Hay and oats, in the management of a groom 
 
 will make ale. Sv^. 
 
 To dance the hay. To dance in a ring: 
 
 proljabl}' from dancing round a hay 
 
 cock. 
 
 I will pla^' on the tabor to the worthies. 
 And let them dance the hay. Sliaketp. 
 
 This maids think on the hearth they see, 
 When fires well nigh consumed be. 
 There dancing hays by two and three. 
 Just as your fancy casts them. Drayton. 
 
 The gum and glist'ning, which with 
 And study'd method, in each part 
 
 Hangs down, 
 Looks just as if that day 
 Snails there had crawl'd the hay. Suckling. 
 
 Hay. w. 5. [from haie, Fr. a hedge.] A 
 net which incloses the haunt of an 
 animal. 
 
 Coneys are destroyed by hays, curs, spaniels, 
 or tumblers, bred up lor that purpose. Mortimer. 
 
 Ha'ymaker. «. s, [hay and make.] 
 One employed in drying grass for hay. 
 
 As to the return of his health and vigour, were 
 jou here, you might enquire of his haymakers. 
 
 pope to Swift. 
 
 HAZARD. 71. s, \Jiazardy Fr. azar, Span. 
 haskij Runick, danger.] 
 
 1 . Chance ; accident ; fortuitous hap. 
 
 I have set my life upun a cast. 
 And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shakesp. 
 
 I will upon all hazards well believe 
 Thou art my friend.thatknow'st my tongue so well. 
 
 SJiakesp. 
 
 Where the mind does not perceive connection, 
 there men's opinions are not the product of jurigi- 
 ment, but the etfects of chance and hazard, of a 
 mind floating at all adventures, without choice 
 and without direction. Locke. 
 
 2. Danger ; chance of danger. 
 
 We are bound Iu yield unto our Creator, the 
 Father of all mercy, eternal thanks, for that he 
 liatli delivered his law unto the world ; a law 
 wherein so many things are laid open, as a light 
 which otherwise would have been buried in dark- 
 ness, not without (lie hazard, or rather n{»l with 
 tlie hazard, hut with the certain loss of thousands 
 of souls, most undoubtedly now saved. Hooker. 
 
 The hazard I have run to see you here, should 
 inform you that I love not atacolumon rate. Dry*/. 
 
 IMen'are led on from one stage of life to another 
 in a condition of the utmost haiard, and yet witli- 
 out the least appreliension of their danger, lio^cn. 
 
 3. A game at dice. 
 
 The duke pla\ing at hazard, held in a great 
 many hands together, and drew a huge heap of 
 gold. Swift, 
 
 To Hazard, r. a, [hazardcr, Fr.] To 
 expose to chance; to put into danger. 
 
 They might, by per<istin^ in the extremity of 
 that opinion, hazard greatly theirown estates, and 
 so weaken that part which their place* now eire. 
 
 Hoaher. 
 
 It was not in his power to adventure upon his 
 own fortune, or hearing a publick charge to hatnrd 
 himself acainst a man of private condition. Haytc. 
 
 By dealing indifferently mercies to all, you may 
 hazard your own share. i^erioc^. 
 
 To Ha'zard. v. n. 
 1. To ti*y the chance, 
 
 I pray you tarry ; pause a day or two. 
 Before you hazard ; lor in chusing wrong, 
 1 lose your company, shakesp. 
 
 875
 
 H E 
 
 2. To adventure ; to run the danger. 
 
 Site from Iier fellow-provinces would go, 
 Ratlier tlian hazard to liave yovx lier foe. Wallo'. 
 
 HAZARDABLE.arf/. [from Aflsflrrf.] Ven- 
 turous ; liable to chance. 
 
 An hazarilahlc lielcrminaliiin it is, unto fluc- 
 tuatioL' ■•i'"\ iiidillereiit ell'ects, to affix a positive 
 type or jieriod. Brown. 
 
 Ha'zarder. n. s. [from hazard.] He 
 
 who hazards. 
 Ha'zardry. 11. s. [from hazard^ Te- 
 merity ; precipitation ; rash adventu- 
 rousness. Obsolete. 
 
 Hasty wrath, and heedless hazardii. 
 Do breed repentance late, and lasting infamy. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Hazardous, arf/. [hazardeu.v, Fr. from 
 hazard.] Dangerous ; exposed to chance. 
 
 Grant that our hazardous attempt prove vain. 
 We feel the worst, secur'd from greater pain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ha'zardously. adv. [from hazardous.] 
 
 With danger or chance. 
 Haze. 7i. s. [The etymology unknown.] 
 
 Fog ; mist. 
 To Haze. v. n. To be foggy or misty. 
 To Haze. v. a. To fright one. Ainsw. 
 HA'ZEL. [paej-el, Sax. corylus, Lat.] 
 Nut tree. 
 
 The nuts grow in clusters, and are closely joined 
 together at tlie bottom, each being covered with an 
 outward husk or cup, which opens at the top, and 
 when the fruit is ripe it falls out. The species are 
 hazelnut, cobnut, and filbert. The red and white 
 filberts are mostly eteemed for their fruit. Miller. 
 
 Kate, like the hazel twig. 
 
 Is straight and slender ; and as brown in hue 
 
 As hazel nuts, and sweeter than the kernels. Shak. 
 
 Her chariot is an empty hazel nut. Shakesp. 
 
 Why sit we not beneath the grateful shade, 
 
 Which hazels, intermix'd with elms, have made ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 There are some from the size of a hazel nut to 
 
 that of a man's fist. Woodwad. 
 
 Ha'zel. adj. [from the noim.] Light 
 
 brown ; of the colour of hazel. 
 
 Chuse a warm dry soji, that has a good depth 
 of light fiazf/ mould! Mortimer. 
 
 Ha'zeLLY. adj. Of the colour of hazel ; 
 a light brown. 
 
 Uplands consist either of sand, gravel, chalk, 
 rock or stone, hazetlu loam, clay, orolack mould. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Ha'zy. adj. [from haze.] Dark ; foggy; 
 misty. 
 
 Our clearest day here is misty and hazy; we 
 »ee not far, and what we do see is in a bad light. 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 Oft engender'd by the hazy North, 
 Myriads on myriads, insect armies waft. Tliomson. 
 He. pronoun, gen. him ; plur. thei/ ; gen. 
 them. [%, Dut. fe, Sax. It seems to 
 have borrowed the plural from Sij-, 
 plural, bajr, dative bij-um.] 
 1. The man that was named before. 
 All the conspirators, save only he. 
 Did that they did in envy of great Cfesar. Shak. 
 
 If much 3'ou note him. 
 You shall ort'cnd him, and increase his passion ; 
 Feed and rcL'ard him not. Shakesp. 
 
 I am weary of this moon ; would he would 
 change. Shakesp. 
 
 Adam spoke ; 
 So cheer'd he his fair spouse, and she was cheer'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 When Adam wak'd, he on his side 
 Leaning half rais'd hung over her. Miltou. 
 
 Thus talking, hand in hand along they pass'd 
 On to their blissful bow'rs. iVL7(07i. 
 
 Extol 
 Him first, him last, him midst, Milton. 
 
 . Spen. 
 
 H E A 
 
 2. The man ; the person. It sometimes 
 stands without reference to any fore- 
 going word. 
 
 He is never poor 
 That little hath, but he that much desires. Daniel. 
 
 3. Man or male being. 
 
 Such mortal drugs I luive ; but Mantua's law 
 Is death to any Ae"that utters them. Shakesp. 
 
 1 stand to answer thee, or any he the proudest 
 of thy sort. Shakesp. 
 
 Tros and his race the sculptor shall employ. 
 And he the god who built the walls of Troy. Dryd. 
 
 4. Male : as, a he bear, a he goat. It is used 
 where the male and female have not 
 different denominations. 
 
 The he's in birds have the fairest feathers. Bac. 
 
 5. In the two last senses he is rather a 
 noun than pronoun. 
 
 HEAD. n. *. [)3ea):ob, t^eapb. Sax. hoofd, 
 
 Dut. heved, old English, whence by 
 
 contraction, head.] 
 
 1. The part of the animal that contains 
 
 the brain or the organ of sensation and 
 
 seat of thought. 
 
 Vein healing verven, and head purging d 
 
 Over /icarf up-grcw 
 
 Insuperable height of loftiest shade. _ Miltm. 
 
 The dewy paths of meadows we will tread, 
 
 For crowns and chaplets to adorn thy head. Dryd. 
 
 I could still have offers, that some, who held 
 
 their heads higher, would be glad to accept. Suift. 
 
 •2. Person as exposed to any danger or 
 
 penalty. 
 
 What he gets more of her than sharp words, 
 let it lie on my head. _ Shakesp. 
 
 \\ ho of all ages to succeed, but feeling 
 The evil on him brought by me, will curse 
 My head? ill fare our ancestor impure. Milton. 
 
 3. Head and ears. The whole person. 
 
 In jingling rhinics well fortified and strong. 
 He fight's intrench'd o'er head and ears in song. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 4. Denomination of any animals. 
 
 When Innocent desired the marquis of Carpio 
 to furnish thirty thousand /lead of swine, he could 
 not spare them ; but thirty thousand lawyers he 
 had at his service. Addison. 
 
 The tax upon pasturage was raised according 
 to a certain rate per head upon cattle. Arbuthnot. 
 
 5. Chief; principal person ; one to whom 
 the rest are subordinate ; leader ; com- 
 mander. 
 
 For their commons, there is little danger from 
 them, e.xcept it be where they have great and 
 potent heads. . Bacon. 
 
 Your head I him appoint ; 
 And by mvself have sworn, to him shall bow 
 All knees in heav'n, and shall confess him lord. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The heads of the chief sects of philosophy, as 
 Thales, Anxagoras, and Pythagoras, did consent 
 to this tradition. Tillotson. 
 
 6. Place of honour ; the first place. 
 
 Notwithstanding all the justices had taken their 
 places upon the Bench, they made room for the 
 old knight at the head of them. Addison. 
 
 7. Place of command. 
 
 .\n army of fourscore thousand troops, with the 
 duke of Marlborough at the head of tliera, could 
 do nothing. Addison on the War. 
 
 8. Countenance ; presence. 
 
 Richard not far from hence hath hid his head. 
 
 Sliakesp. Richard II. 
 
 With Cain go wander through the shade of night, 
 
 And never shew thy head by day or light. Shakesp. 
 
 Ere to-morrow's sun shall shew his head. Dryd. 
 
 9. Understanding ; faculties of the mind : 
 commonly in a ludicrous sense. 
 
 The wenches laid their heads together. L'Estra. 
 
 A fox and a goat went down a well to drink : 
 
 the goat fell to hunting which way to get back ; 
 
 H E A 
 
 Ob, says Reynard, never trouble your head, bu« 
 leave that to me. VEstranee. 
 
 Work with all the ease and speed you can, w ith- 
 out breaking your head, and being so very indus- 
 trious in starting scruples. Dryden. 
 
 The lazy and inconsiderate took up their no- 
 tions by chance, without much beating their heads 
 about them. Locke. 
 
 If a man shews that he has no religion, whj 
 should we think that he beats his head,and troubles 
 himself to examine the grounds of this or that 
 doctrine? Locke. 
 
 W hen in ordinary discourse we say a man ha» 
 a fine head, we express ourselves metaphorically, 
 and speak in relation to his understanding : and 
 when w-e say of a woman she has a fine head, we 
 speak only in relation to her commode. Addison. 
 
 We laid our heads together to consider what 
 grievances the nation bad suffered under king 
 George. Addison. 
 
 10. Face ; front; fore part. 
 
 The gathering crowd pursues ; 
 The ravishers turn head, the fight renews. Dryden. 
 
 11. Resistance; hostile opposition. 
 
 Then made he head against his enemies, 
 .\nd Hymner slew. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Sometimes hath Henry Bolingbroke made head 
 
 against my power. Shakesp. 
 
 "Two valiant gentlemen making head against 
 
 them, seconded by half a dozen more, made forty 
 
 run away. Raleigh. 
 
 Sin bavin" depraved his judgment, and got 
 possession of his will, there is no other principle 
 left him naturally, by which he can make head 
 against it. South. 
 
 12. Spontaneous resolution. 
 
 The bordering wars in this kingdom were 
 made altogether by voluntaries, upon their own 
 head, without any pay or commission from the 
 state. Davies. 
 
 13. State of a deer's horns, by which his 
 age is known. 
 
 It was a buck of the first head. Shaketp. 
 
 The buck is called the fifth year a buck of the 
 
 first head. Shakesp. 
 
 14. Individual. It is used in numbers ov 
 computation. 
 
 If there be six millions of people, then there is 
 about four acres for every head. Graunt. 
 
 15. The top of any thing bigger than the 
 rest. 
 
 His spear's head weighed six hundred shekels 
 of iron. 1 Sam; 
 
 As high 
 As his proud head is rais'd towards the sky, 
 So low tow'rds hell his roots descend. Denham. 
 Trees, which have large and spreading heads, 
 would lie with their branches up in the water. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 If the buds are made our food, they are called 
 
 /leads or tops ; so heads of asparagus, or arli- 
 
 choaks. . . . Walts. 
 
 Head is an equivocal term ; for it signifies the 
 
 head of a nail, or of a pin, as well as of an animal. 
 
 WatU. 
 
 16. The fore part of any thing, as of a 
 
 ship. 
 
 By gallics with brazen heads she might trans- 
 port over Indus at once three hundred thousand 
 soldiers. Raleigh. 
 
 His gallies moor ; 
 Their heads are turn'd to sea.theu: stems to shore. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 17. That which rises on the top. 
 
 Let it stand in a tub four or fi-ve days before it 
 be put into the cask, stirring it twice a-day, and 
 beating down the head or yeast into it. Mortimer. 
 
 18. The blade of an axe. 
 
 A man fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut 
 down the tree, and the head slippeth from the 
 helve. Veut. xix. 5. 
 
 19. Upper part of a bed. 
 
 Israel bowed upon the bed's Jiead. Cen. xlvii. 31. 
 
 20. The brain. 
 
 As eastern priests in giddy circles run, 
 And turn their heads to nnitate the sun. Pope. 
 
 OTfi
 
 H E A 
 
 21. Dress of the head. 
 
 Ladies tbiiik they gain a point when they have 
 teazed their husbands to buy them a laced head 
 or a fine petticoat. Swift. 
 
 22. Principal topick of discourse. 
 
 These heads are of a mixed order, and we pro- 
 pose oiily such as belong to the natural world. 
 
 Bullet's Tfteoiy. 
 
 *Tis our great interest, and duty, to satist'v 
 ourselves on this head, upon which our whole 
 conduct depends. Atterbury. 
 
 S3. Source of a stream. 
 
 It is the glory of God to give ; his very nature 
 delighteth n it : his mercies in the current, 
 through which tJiey would pass, may be dried up, 
 but at the head they never fail. Hooker. 
 
 The current by Gaza is but a small stream, 
 rising between it and the Red sea, whose head 
 from Gaza is little more than twenty English 
 miles. Raleigh's liistonj. 
 
 Some did the song, and some the choir maintain, 
 Beneath a laurel shade, where mighty Po 
 Momitaupto woods above, and hitles bis head 
 below. Dryden. 
 
 24. Crisis ; pitch. 
 The indisposition which has long bung upon 
 
 me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must 
 quickly make an end of me, or of itself. Addison 
 
 25. Power ; influence ; force ; strength ; 
 dominion. 
 
 Within her breast though calm, her breast 
 though pure, 
 fllodierly cares and fears got head, and rais'd 
 Some troubled thougiits. Milton. 
 
 26. Body ; conflux. 
 
 People under command chuse to consult, and 
 after to march in order ; and rebels, contrariwise, 
 run upon an head togetfier in confusion. Bacon. 
 
 A mighty and a fearful head they are. 
 As ever ofter'd foul play in a state. Shakesp. 
 
 Far in the m:xrches here we heard you were, 
 Waking another head to fight again. Shakesp. 
 
 Let all this wicked crew gather 
 Their forces to one head. Jen Jonson. 
 
 27. Power ; armed force. 
 
 My lord, ray lord, the French have eather'd 
 head, Shakesp. 
 
 At sixteen years. 
 When Tarquin made a head for Rome, he sought 
 Beyond the mark of others, Shakesp. 
 
 28. Liberty in running a horse. 
 
 He gave his able horse the Head, 
 And bounding forward struck his agile heels 
 Against the panting sides of his poor jade 
 Up to the rowel-head. Shakesp. 
 
 29. Licence; freedom from restraint; a 
 metaphor from horsemanship. 
 
 God will not admit of the passionate man's 
 apology, that he has so long given his unruly 
 passions their head, that he cannot now govern 
 nor controul them. South. 
 
 30. It is very improperly applied to 
 roots. 
 
 How turneps hide their swelling heads below. 
 And how the closing coleworts upwards grow. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 31. Head and shoulders, Bj' force ; vio- 
 lently. 
 
 People that hit upon a thought that tickles 
 them, will be still bringing it in by head arid shoul- 
 ders, over and over, in several companies. 
 
 L' Estrange . 
 
 They bring in every figure of speech, head and 
 shoulders by main force, lu spite of nature and 
 their subject. Felton. 
 
 Head, adj. Chief; principal; as, the 
 head workman ; the head inn. 
 
 The horse made their escape to Winchester, tlie 
 head quarters. Clarendon. 
 
 To Head. i\ a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To lead; to influence; to direct; to 
 
 govern. 
 Abas, who seem'd our friend, is either fled, 
 
 Or, what we fear, our enemies does head* Dryden. 
 
 ]] E A 
 
 Nor is what has been said of princes less true 
 of all other go-^ernours, from him that heads an 
 army to him that is master of a family, or of one 
 single servant. South. 
 
 This lord had headed his appointed bands, 
 In firm allegiaijce to his king's commands. Prior. 
 
 2. To behead ; to kill by taking away the 
 head. 
 
 If you head and hang all that otTend that way 
 but for ten years together, you'll be glad to give 
 out a Commission for more heads. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To fit any thing with a head, or prin- 
 cipal part. 
 
 Headed witli flints and feathers bloody dy'd, 
 Arrows the Indians in their quivers hide. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Of comel-wood a spear upright, 
 Headed with piercing steel, and poiish'd bright. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 4. To lop trees. 
 You must disbranch them, leaving only the 
 
 summit entire : it raa3' be necessary to head them 
 t»o. Mortimer. 
 
 He'adach. w. s» 
 in the head. 
 
 From the cruel headach, 
 Riches do not preserve. Sidney. 
 
 Notiiing more exposes to headachs, colds, ca- 
 tarrhs, and coughs, than keeping the head warm. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 In the headach he orders the opeuing of the vein 
 
 of the forehead. Arbuthnot. 
 
 At some dear idle time, 
 Norplagu'd with headachs, or the want of rhyme. 
 
 I'ope. 
 
 He'adband. n.s, [head asiA band.] 
 
 1. A fillet for the head; a topknot. 
 
 The Lord will take away the bonnets* and tlie 
 headbands. Isaiah. 
 
 2. The band at each end of a book. 
 
 [head and ach.l Pain 
 
 He'adborough. n.s, [head and boroygh.] 
 A constable ; a subordinate constable. 
 
 Here lies John Dod, a servant of God, to whom 
 he is gone, 
 Father or mother, sister or brother, he never knew 
 
 none ; 
 A headborou^h and a constable, a raau of fame, 
 The first of his house, and last of bis name. 
 
 Camden. 
 This none arc able to break thorough. 
 Until they're freed by head of borough. Hudibras, 
 
 He'address. n. s. [head and dress.] 
 
 1. The covering of a woman's head. 
 
 There is not so variable a thing in nature as a 
 lady's headdress: I have known it rise and fall. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 If ere with airy horns I planted heads. 
 Or discompos'd the headdress of a prude. Pope. 
 
 2. Any thing resembling a headdress, and 
 prominent on the head. 
 
 Among birds the males very soon appear in a 
 most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a 
 comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume, 
 erected like a kind of pinnacle on the very top of 
 the head. 'Addison. 
 
 He'ader. n. s. [from head.] 
 
 1. One that heads nails or pins, or the 
 like. 
 
 2. The first brick in the angle. 
 
 If the header of one side of the wall is toothed 
 as much as the stretcher on the outside, it would 
 be a stronger toothing, and the joints of the/iea^/erj 
 of one sicfe would be in the middle of the headers 
 of the course they lie upon of the other side. Moxon 
 
 He'adgargle. w. s. [head and gargle.] 
 A disease, I suppose, in cattle. 
 For the headgargle give powder of fenugreek. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 He'adiness. n. 5. [from head i/.] Hurry; 
 rashness; subborness; precipitation; ob- 
 stinacy. 
 If any will rashly blame such his choice of old ' 
 
 H E A 
 
 and unwonted words, him may I more justly 
 blame and condemn, cither of witless headmess in 
 judging, or of headless hardiness in condemning. 
 
 Spemcr. 
 
 He'adland. n. s. [head and land.] 
 
 1. Promontory ; cape. 
 An heroick play ought to be an imitation of an 
 
 heroick poem, and consequently love and valour 
 ought to be tlie subject of it : both these Sir 
 William Davenant began to shadow ; but it was 
 so as discoverers draw tlieir maps with headlands 
 and promontorie*. Dryden. 
 
 2. Ground under hedges. 
 Now down with the grass upon headlands about. 
 
 That groweth in shadow so rank and so stout. 
 
 TuSKT. 
 
 He'adless. adj. [from head.] 
 
 1 . Without an head ; beheaded. 
 His shining helmet he *gan soon unlace. 
 
 And left his headless body bleeding at the place. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Were I a man, a duke, and next of blood, 
 I would remove these tedious stumbling blocks. 
 And smooth my way upon their headless necks. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 On the cold earth lies th' unregarded king, 
 A headless carcase, and a nameless thing. Denham. 
 
 Prickly stubs, instead of trees, are found ; 
 Headless the most, and hideous to behold. Dryden. 
 
 2. Without a chief. 
 They rested not until they had made tlie empire 
 
 stand headless about seventeen years. Raleigh, 
 
 3. Obstinate ; inconsiderate ; ignorant ; 
 wanting intellects ; perhaps for heedless. 
 
 Him may ] more justly blame and condemn, 
 either of witless headiness in judging, or of ltead~ 
 less hardiness in condemning. Spenser. 
 
 He'adlong. adj. 
 
 1. Steep; precipitous. 
 
 2. Rash ; thoughtless. 
 
 3. Sudden ; precipitate. 
 
 It suddenly fell from an ejcess of favour, which 
 many examples having taught them, never stopt 
 his race, 'till it came to a headlong overthrow. Sid. 
 
 He'adlong. adv. [head and long.] 
 
 1. With the head foremost. It is often 
 doubtful whether this word be adjective 
 or adverb. 
 
 I'll look no more. 
 Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight 
 Topple down headlong. Shakesp. 
 
 vfho, while he steering view'd the stars, and 
 bore 
 His course from Africk to the Latian shore. 
 Fell headlong down. Dryden. 
 
 Headlong from thence the glowing fury springs. 
 And o'er the Theban palace spreads her wintrs. 
 
 Tope. 
 
 2. Rashly ; without thought ; precipi- 
 tately. 
 
 To give Allah sucli warning as might infallibly 
 have prevented his destruction, was esteemed by 
 him evil ; and to push him on headlong into it, be- 
 cause he was foim of it, was accounted good. Sottth. 
 
 Some ask for envy'd pow'r, which ]nihlick ha 
 Pursues, and hurries headlong to their fate, 
 Down go the titles. Dryden. 
 
 Hastily ; williout delaj- or respite. 
 
 Unhappy otlVpriiig of my teeming womb! 
 Dragg'd headlong from thy cradle tutliy tuml 
 
 Uryden. 
 4. ft is very negligently used by Shake- 
 speare. 
 
 Hence will I drae thee headlong by the heels. 
 Unto a dunghill, which shall be Iny grave. Shak. 
 
 He'admould-shot. n. s. [head, mould, 
 and shot.] This is when the sutures of 
 tlie skull, generally the coronal, ride; 
 that is, have their edges shot over one 
 another; which is frequent in infants, and 
 occasions convulsionsand deaths. QHincif. 
 
 He'.\DPIECE. n. *. [head and piece.] 
 
 877
 
 H E A 
 
 1. Armour for the head ; helmet ; morion. 
 
 I pulled olT iiij headpiece, and luimbl y eiUreated 
 her pardon, iir knowledge whyshe was cruel. i'lrfdfi/. 
 
 The wurd is giv'n ; witli eager speed they lace 
 The iliii.iiig lit-adpiece, and the shield embrace. 
 
 Drydeyi. 
 
 A reason for this fiction of the one-eyed Cy- 
 clops, was their wearing a headpiece, or martial 
 vizer, tliat had but one sight. Broome. 
 
 This chanipinn will nut come into the field, he- 
 fore his great blunderbuss can be got ready, liis 
 old rusty breastplate scoured, and his cracked 
 headpiece luendod. StnJ't. 
 
 2. Understandinfr ; force of mind. 
 
 'Tis (tone by some severals 
 0( headpiect' extraordinary, lower messes 
 Perchance arc to ihis business purblind. Shakesp. 
 Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexan- 
 der's captai[is. Prideanx. 
 
 Headquarters, w. s. [head and quar- 
 ters.] The place of general rendez- 
 vous, or lodgment for soldiers. This is 
 properly two words. 
 
 Those spirits, posted upon the out-^unrds, im- 
 mediately scour oil* to the brain, wliich is the 
 headquarters, or office of intelligence, and there 
 they make their report. Collier. 
 
 He'adship. 71. s. [from head.] Dignity ; 
 authority; chief place. 
 
 Headsman, w. s. [head aud man,] Exe- 
 cutioner ; one that cuts off heads. 
 
 Rodsi broke on our associates bleeding backs, 
 And headsmen laboring 'till they blunt their ax ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 He'adstall. n. 5. [head and stalL] 
 
 Part of the bridle that covers the head. 
 
 His horse, witli a half-check'd bit, and a head- 
 stall of sheep's leather, which being restrained to 
 keep him from stumbling, hath been often burst 
 and now repaired witli knots. Shuhes}}. 
 
 Headstone, n. s. [head and stone.] 
 The first or capital stone. 
 
 The stone, which the builders refused, is be- 
 come the headstone, Ps. cxviii. ^4. 
 
 He'adstrong. adj. [head and stj^onor,] 
 Unrestrained ; violent ; ungovernable ; 
 resolute to run his own way ; as a horse 
 whose head cannot be held in. 
 
 An example, for headstrong and inconsiderate 
 zeal, no less fearful than Achitophel for proud and 
 irreliaious wisdom. Hooker, 
 
 How now, my headstrong! where have you 
 been gaH'ding? 
 —Where I have learnt me to repent the sin 
 Of disobedient opposition. Shakesp. BomenandJiil. 
 
 But such a headstrong potent fault it is. 
 That it but mocks reproof. Shakesp, Tweljih Night. 
 
 Hi' ill aspires to rule 
 Cities of men or headstrong multitudes. 
 Subject hiiiiself to anarchy within. Milton. 
 
 There's uj opposing the torrent of a headstrc>}g 
 multitude. V Estrange. 
 
 Now let the headstrong boy my will controul : 
 Virtue's no slave of man ; no sex confines the soul : 
 I, for myself, th' imperial seat will gain. 
 And he shall wait my leisure for bis reign. Dryd. 
 
 Your father's folly took a headstro7ig course ; 
 But rU rule^yours, and teach you love by force. 
 
 Druden. 
 Can we forget how the mad headstrong rout 
 Dcfv'd their prince to arms, nor made account 
 Of taith or duly, or alletjiance sworn? Philips. 
 
 I'll try if vet I can reduce to reason 
 This headstrong youth, and make hira spurn atCato. 
 
 Addison 
 You'll be both judge and party : 1 am sony thou 
 d]scoverest so much of thy headstrong humour. 
 
 Arbuthunt. 
 
 He!adworkman. n. s, [head work and 
 man.] The foreman, or chief servant 
 over the rest, t'roperly two words. 
 
 Can Wood be otlierwise regarded than as tiie 
 raechanick, the headuorkman, to prepare furnace 
 and stamps .' Swfl. 
 
 H E A 
 
 He'ady. adj. [from head.'] 
 
 1. Rash ; precipitate ; hasty ; violent j un- 
 governable ; hurried on with passion. 
 
 Take |iitj of your town and of your people, 
 Wliilf yet the cool and teinp'rale wind of grace 
 O'erblows the filthy and contamous clouds 
 Ol heady murther, ipoil and vilfany Shakesp. 
 
 I am advised what 1 say : 
 Neither distnrb'd with the effect of wine. 
 Nor, heady rash, provok'd with raging ire ; 
 Albeit my wrongs niii;ht make one wiser mad. Sh. 
 
 I'll forbear. 
 And am fall'n out with my more heady will. 
 To take the indispos'd au'd sickly fit 
 For the sound man. SJtakesp. 
 
 Wives, the readiest helps 
 To betray heady husbands, rob the easy. Ben Jon. 
 
 Those only a"re regarded who are true to their 
 party ; and all the talent required is to be hot, to 
 be heady, to be violent on one side or other. Temple. 
 
 Men, naturally warm and heady, are transported 
 with the greatest flush of good-nature. Addison. 
 
 2. Apt to affect tiie head. 
 I was entertained with a sort of wine which was 
 
 very heady, but otherwise seemed to be sack.Boyle. 
 
 Since hearty beef and mutton will not do, 
 Here's julep-ilance, ptisan of song and show : 
 Give you strong sense, tlie liquor is too heady ■■ 
 You're come to farce, that's asses milk, already. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Flow, Welsted ! flow, like thine inspirer, beer; 
 
 Heady, not strong ; and foaming, though not full. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Violent ; impetuous. 
 
 Never came reformation in a flood 
 With such a heady current scow'ring faults ; 
 Nor ever hydra-headed wilfulness 
 So soon did lose his seat. Shakesp. 
 
 To UE\L. V. a. [halgan, Goth, paelan, 
 Sax. heelen, Diit.] 
 
 1 . To cure a person ; to restore from hurt 
 or sickness. 
 
 I will restore health, and heal thee of thy wounds. 
 
 Jer. XXX. 
 Who would not believe that our Snviour healed 
 the sicl>, and raised llie dead, when it was pub- 
 lished by those who themselves often did the same 
 miracles ? Addison. 
 
 Physicians, by just observations, grow up to an 
 lionoiirable degree of skill in the art of healivs. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 2. To cure a vpound or distemper. 
 
 Thou hast no healing medicines. Jer. xxi. 13. 
 
 A fontanel had been made in the same leg, 
 
 which he forced to heal up, by reason of the pain. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 3. To perform the act of making a sore to 
 cicatrize, after it is cleansed. 
 
 After separation of the eschar, I deterged and 
 he -.led. ^ iseman. 
 
 -1. To reconcile ; as, he healed all dissen- 
 sions. 
 To Heal. v. n. To grow well. Used of 
 wounds or sores. 
 Those wounds heal that men do give themselves. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Abscesses will have a greater or less tendency to 
 
 Ileal, as they are higher or lower in the body. Sharp. 
 
 He'aler. n. s. [from heal.] One who 
 cures or heals. 
 
 I will not be an Iiealer. Isaiah. 
 
 Uf.ai.\ng. participial adj. [from heal.] 
 Mild ; mollifying; gentle ; assuasive ; as 
 he is of a healing, pacifick temper. 
 HEALTH, ti. s. [from peel. Sax.] 
 1. Freedom from bodily pain or sickness. 
 Health is the faculty of performing all actions 
 proper to a human body, in the most perfect man- 
 ner. Quiney. 
 Our father is in good health, he is yet alive. Gen. 
 May be he is not well ; 
 Infirmity doth still neglect all oftice, 
 \\ hereto our health is bound. Sh<ikesp. 
 
 H E A 
 
 2. Welfare of mind; purity; goodness; 
 principle of salvation. 
 
 There is no health in us. Common Prayer. 
 
 The best preservative to keep the mind' in 
 
 health, is the faithful admonitionof a fricnd.BofOfl. 
 
 3. Salvation spiritual and temporal. 
 
 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me, 
 and art so far from my health, and from the words 
 of my complaint ? Psalms. 
 
 4. Wish of happiness used in drinking. 
 
 Come, love and health to all ; 
 
 I drink to th' general joy of the whole table. S/iafc. 
 
 He asked leave to begin two /ieaMs: the first 
 
 was to the king's mistress, and the second to his 
 
 wife. Howel. 
 
 For peace at home, and for the public wealth, 
 
 I mean to crown a bowl to Casar's health. Dryden. 
 
 He'althful. adj. [health and/ulL] 
 
 1. Free from sickness. 
 
 Adam knew no disease, so long as temperance 
 from the forbidden fruit secured him : Nature was 
 his physician, and innocence and abstinence would 
 have kept him healthful to immortality. South. 
 
 2. Well disposed. 
 
 Such an exploit have T in hand. 
 Had you an healthful ear to hear it, Shakesp. 
 
 3. Wholesome ; salubrious. 
 
 Many good and healthful airs do appear by ha- 
 bitation aiid proofs, that differ not in smell 'from 
 other airs. Bacon. 
 
 While they pervert pure nature's healtJful rules 
 To loathsome sickness ; worthily since they 
 God's image did not reverence in themselves. Milt. 
 
 Our healthful food the stomach labours thus. 
 At first embracing what it strait doth crush. Dryd. 
 
 4. Salulary ; productive of salvation. 
 
 Pour upon them the healthful spirit of thy grace. 
 Comynon Prayer. 
 
 He'althfully. adv. [from healthful.] 
 
 1 . In health. 
 
 2. Wiolesomely. 
 Hf.'althfulness. n. s. [from health- 
 
 ful.] 
 
 1. State of being well. 
 
 2. Wholesomeness ; salubrious qualities. 
 
 You have lasted of that cup whereof I have li- 
 berally drank, which I look upon as God's phy- 
 sick, having that in htalthfulness which it wants in 
 pleasure. Kin^ Charles. 
 
 We ventured to make a standard of tlie health- 
 fulness of the air from the proportion of acute and 
 epidemical diseases. Graunt. 
 
 To the winds the inhabitants of Geneva ascribe 
 the healthfulness of their air ; for as ihc Alps sur- 
 round tilt m on all sides, there would be a constant 
 stagnation of vapours, did not the north wind put 
 them in motion. Addison on Italy. 
 
 He'althily. arfc. [from healthy.] With- 
 out sickness or pain. 
 
 He'althine.ss. n. s. [from healthy.] 
 The state of health. 
 
 He'althless. adj. [from health^ 
 
 1. Weak; sickly; infirm. 
 
 2. Not conducive to health. 
 
 He that spends his time in sports, is like hira 
 whose garments is all made of fringes, and his 
 meat nothing but sauces ; they are healthless, 
 chargeable and useless. Taylor. 
 
 He'althsome. adj. [from health.] Whole- 
 some; salutary. Not used. 
 
 Shall I not then be stifled in the vault. 
 To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in. 
 And there be strangl'd ere my Romeo comes? Sh. 
 
 He'althy. fl</;. [from Affl/^/(.] 
 I . Enjoying health ; free from sickness ; 
 hale ; sound. 
 
 The husbandman returns from the field, and 
 from maimring his ground, strong and healthy, he- 
 cause innocent and laborious. South. 
 
 Temperance, industry, and a publick spirit, run- 
 ning thtough the whole' body of the peoi)le in Hol- 
 
 878
 
 H E A 
 
 land, liath preserved an infant coramoiiwealth, of 
 A sickly conslilution, througti so many dangers, 
 as a raucli luore healthy one could never nave 
 Struggled against without those advantages. Swift. 
 Air and exercise coiitribute to make tlie animal 
 healthy, Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Conducive to health ; wholesome. 
 
 Gardening or husbandry, and working in wood, 
 arc fit and healthy recreations for a man of study 
 or business. Locke. 
 
 Heam. n. s. In beasts the same as the 
 after-birth in women. 
 
 HEAP, n, s. [p^ap. Sax. hoopt Dut. and 
 Scottish.] 
 
 1. Many single things thrown together; 
 a pile; an accumulation. 
 
 The way to lay the city flat, 
 And bury all wKicli yet distinctly ranges. 
 In fteaps'and piles of ruin. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie dead were fallen down by heaj)S, one upon 
 mother. It isd. xviii. 23. 
 
 Huge heaps of slain around tlie body rise. Dri/i/. 
 
 Venice in its first beginnings bad only a fevr 
 heaps of earth for its dominions. Addison on Italy. 
 
 'J is one thing, only as a heap is one. Blachmore. 
 
 2. A crowd ; a throng ; a rabble. 
 
 A cruel tyranny ; a heap of vassals and slaves, 
 no freemen, no ijihcrilance, no stirp or ancient 
 families. Bacon. 
 
 3. Cluster; number driven together. 
 
 An universal ciy resounds aloud ; 
 The sailors run in heaps, a helpless crowd. Dryd. 
 
 To Heap. v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1, To throw on heaps; to pile ; to throw 
 together. 
 
 Heap on wood, kindle the fire. "Ezek, xxir. 10. 
 
 2, To accumulate; to lay up. 
 
 Though the wicked heap up silver as the dust, 
 and raiment as the clay ; but the just shall put it 
 on, and the innocent snail divide the silver. 
 
 Ji»6, xxvii. 16. 
 
 How great tlie credit was, wherein that oracle 
 was preserved, may be gathered from the vast 
 riches which were there heaped up from the offer- 
 ings of all the Grecian nations. Temple. 
 
 They who will make profession of paiuting, 
 must heap up treasures out of their reading, aiTO 
 there will find many wonderful means of raising 
 themselves above others. Dryden, 
 
 3, To add to something else. 
 
 For those of old. 
 And tlie late dignities heap'd up to them, 
 \> e rest your liermits. Shakesp. 
 
 He'aper. n. s. [from heap.] One that 
 
 makes piles or heaps. 
 He'apy. adj, [from heap.'] Lying in 
 
 heaps. 
 
 Where a dim gleam the paly lanthorn throws 
 O'er the mid pavement, heapy rubbish grows. Gay. 
 
 Scarce his head 
 Rais'd o'er the heapy wreath, the branching elk 
 Lies slumb'ring sullen in the wliite abyss. Thonis. 
 
 To HEAR. V. n, [pypanj Sax. hooren, 
 Dut.] 
 
 J. To enjoy the sense by which sountls 
 are distinguished. 
 
 Sound is nothing but a certain modulation of the 
 external air, which, bring gathered by the external 
 ear, beats, as is supposed, upon the merabrana 
 timpani, which moves the four little bones in the 
 l^ntpanuin: in like maimer as it is beat by the 
 external air, these Utile bone^ move the internal 
 air which is in the tympanum and vcstibulum ; 
 which internal air makes an impression upon the 
 auditory nerve in the labyrinth and cochlea, ac- 
 cording as it is moved by the little bones in the 
 tvnipanum : so tliat, according to the various re- 
 flexions of the external air, the internal air makes 
 various impressions upon the auditory nerve, the 
 immediate organ of hearing ; and these ditlerent 
 impressions represent different sounds. Qnincy. 
 The object of hearing is sound, whose variety is 
 io great, that it brings in admirable store of intel- 
 ligence. Holder, 
 
 H E A 
 
 Princes cannot sec far witli their own eyes, nor 
 hear with their own ears. Temple. 
 
 2. To listen ; to hearken to ; as, he heard 
 with great attention. 
 
 So spake our niotlier Eve, and Adam heara, 
 Weli-pleas'd, but answer'd not. Mitton. 
 
 Great laughter was in lieav'n, 
 And looking down, to see tJie huhbub strange. 
 And hear tlie din. Million. 
 
 3. To be told ; to have an account : with of. 
 
 I lia»e heard by niany of this man. Acts, ix. 13. 
 
 I was bowed down at tlie hearing ojit; I was 
 dismayed at the secinj^ of it. Hosea. 
 
 Hear u/ such a crime 
 As tra^ick iiocls, since tlie birth of time, 
 Ne'er lei^n d. Tate's Juvenal. 
 
 This, of eldest parents, leaves us moic in llie 
 dark, who, by divine institution, has a right to 
 ciTii power, than those who never heard any thing 
 at all of heir or descent. 'Locke. 
 
 To Hear. v. a. 
 
 1 . To perceive by the ear. 
 
 The trumpeters and singers were as one sound 
 to he heard in praising the Lord. 2 Chron. v. 13. 
 And sure he heard me, but he would not hear. 
 
 Diiiden. 
 
 2. To give an audience, or allowance to 
 speak. 
 
 He sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the 
 faith in Christ. Acts, xxiv. 24. 
 
 I must beg the forbearance of censure, 'till 1 have 
 been heardout in the sequel of this discourse. Loc/ce. 
 
 3. To attend ; to listen to ; to obey. 
 
 A scorner heareth not rebuke. Proverhs. 
 
 Hear the word at mj mouth, and give them 
 warning from me. Ezck. iii. 17. 
 
 To-day if je will hear his voice, harden not 
 your hearts. Hebreus. 
 
 4. To attend favourably. 
 
 They think they shall be heird for their much 
 speaking. Matthew. 
 
 Since tis your command, what vou so well 
 Are pleas'd to hear, I cannot grieve'to teU.Veytham. 
 
 The goddess heard. Pope. 
 
 5. To try ; to attend judicially. 
 
 Hearthti causes,andjudge righteously. Dcu(,i. 16. 
 fi. To attend, as to one speaking. 
 On earth 
 Who against faith or conscience can be iteard 
 Infallible? Uiltan. 
 
 7. To acknowledge a title. A Latin phrase. 
 
 Or hear'st tUou rather pure ethereal stream. 
 Whose fountain who shall tell.-' Milton. 
 
 Hear'st thou submissive, but a lowly birth ?Priiir. 
 Heard signifies a keeper, and is some- 
 times initial ; as heard heart a glorious 
 keeper : sometimes final, as cyneheard 
 a royal keeper. Gibson's Camden. It 
 is now written herd: as, cowherd a 
 cowkeeper ; fyfb, Sax. 
 Hearer, n. s. [from hear.'] 
 J . One who hears. 
 
 And so was she dulled withal, that we could come 
 so near as to hear her speeches, and yet she not 
 perceive the hearers of her lamenlaiion. Sidney. 
 
 St. John and Si. Blatthew, w Inch have record- 
 ed these sermons, hearri them ; and being hearers, 
 did think themselves as well respected as the 
 Pharisees. Hooker. 
 
 Words, be they never so few, are too luanv, 
 when they benefit nnt the hearer. Hooker. 
 
 The hearers will shed tears 
 And say, Alas ! it was a piieous deed ! Shakesp. 
 
 Tell thou the lamentable fall of me. 
 And send the hearers weeping to iheir beds. Shak. 
 
 2. One who attends doctrine or discourse 
 orally delivered by anotlier ; as, the 
 hearers of the gospel. 
 
 3. One of a collected audience. 
 
 Plays in theiiisclvos have neither hopes nor fears; 
 Their fate is only in their hearers ears. BenJonson. 
 
 Her hearers had no share 
 In all she spoke, excc[<t to stare. Suijl. 
 
 H E A 
 
 He'aring. ji. *. [from hear.] 
 
 1. The sense by which sounds are per- 
 ceived. 
 
 Bees are called with sound upon brass, and 
 therefore they have heanng. Bacon i Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Audience. 
 
 The French ambassador upon that instant 
 Crav'd audience ; and the hour, I think, is come 
 To gire him hearing. Shakesp, 
 
 3. Judicial trial. 
 
 Agrippa and Bernice entered into the place of 
 hearing. Acts. 
 
 The readers are the jury to decide according to 
 tlie niL-rits of the cause, or to bring il to another 
 hearing before some other court. Dryden. 
 
 Those of different principles may be betrayed 
 to give you a fair hearing, and to know what you 
 have to sa}' for yourself." Addison. 
 
 4. Note by the ear; reach of hearing. 
 
 If we profess, as Peter did, that we love the 
 
 Lord, and profess it in the hearing of men ; cliaritv 
 
 is prone to hear alt tilings, and tlicrefore charltjibfe 
 
 men are likely to think we do so. Hooker. 
 
 In our heaving the king charged ihee, beware 
 
 that none touch Absalom. 2 Sam. xviii. 12. 
 
 You have been talked of since your travels much. 
 
 And that in Hamlet's hearings for a quality 
 
 Wherein they say you shine. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 The fux liad the good luck to be within hearing, 
 
 L' iMrange. 
 To HE'ARKEN. v. n. [)>eajacman, Sax.] 
 1, 1'ohsten ; toh'sten eagerly or curiously. 
 
 The youngest daughter, whom you hearken for, 
 Her father keeps from excess "f suitors. Shakesp. 
 
 He hearkens after prophecies and dreains. Shak. 
 They do me too much injury. 
 That ever said 1 hearken d for your death : 
 If it were so, I might have let alone 
 Th' insulting hand of Douglas over you. Shakesp. 
 
 The gaping three-mouth d dog forgets to snarl ; 
 The furies hearken, and ihcir snakes uncurl. Dryd. 
 
 Louder and yet more luud, I hear the alarms 
 Of human cries : 
 
 I mount the terrass, thence the town survey. 
 And /ler/r/ctnwiiat the fruitful sounds con vey.Dn/rf. 
 
 He w'ho makes much necessary, will want much ; 
 
 and, wearied with the difficulty of the attainment, 
 
 will hearken after any expedient that offers to 
 
 shorten his way to it. Rogers. 
 
 2. To attend ; to pay regard. 
 
 Hearken unio me, tliuu son of Zippor. TCnmbers. 
 
 Those who put passion in the placeof reason,nei- 
 iher use their own, nor }icarken toother people's rea- 
 son, any farther than it suits their humour. Locke. 
 
 There's uot a blessing individuals tind. 
 But some way leans and hearkens to tJie kind.Ptyc . 
 
 Hk'arkener. n, s. [from hearken.] 
 Listener ; one that hearkens. 
 
 He'arsay. 71. s. [hear and sai/.] Re- 
 port ; rumour ; what is not known other- 
 wise than by account from others. 
 
 For prey these sht-pherds two he took, 
 Whose metal stitl" he knew he could not bend 
 Witli hearsay pictures, or a window look. Sidney. 
 
 He atfirms ny hearsay, that some giants saved 
 
 themselves upon the mountain Baris in Armenia. 
 
 Bateigh's History. 
 
 All the little scrauihlers after fame fall upon 
 him, publish every bUit in his life, and depend 
 upon nearsay to defnuie him. Addistm. 
 
 Hearse, n. s. [Of unknown etymology.] 
 
 1. A carriage in which the dead are con- 
 veyed to the grave. 
 
 2. A temj)onary monument set over a grave. 
 
 To add to yur laments 
 Wherwwiili you now bedew King Henry's hearse, 
 I must iiifi.rm you of a disinid sight. " SJtakesp. 
 
 HEART, n. jf'. [feopt. Sax. Arr^r, Germ.] 
 1. Tlie muscle which b}' its contraction and 
 dilation propels the blood throuizh the 
 course of circulation, and is therefore con- 
 sidered as the source of vital motion. 
 
 87»
 
 PI E A 
 
 2. It is supposed in popular language to 
 be the seat sometimes of courage, some- 
 times of affection, sometimes of honestyj 
 or baseness. 
 
 He with pnividence and courage so passed over 
 all, tliat the mother took such spiteful grief at it, 
 that her heart l)rake withal, and she died. S'uhieii. 
 Thuu would'st have left thy dearest heart bluod 
 thtre, 
 Kather than made that savage duke thine heir. 
 And disinherited thine oiilv son. Shakesp. 
 
 Snakes Jii my heart blood warm'd, that sting my 
 heart. Shakesp. 
 
 Our battle is more full of names than yours. 
 Our men more perfect in the use of arms, 
 Our armour all as strongs our cause the best ; 
 Then reason wills our hearts should be as good. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 1 thank you for my venison, master Shallow. 
 —Master Page, much good do it your good heart. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 But since the brain doth lodge the pow'rs of sense. 
 How makes it in the heart those [lassions spring ? 
 
 The mutual love, tlie kind intelligence 
 'Twixt heart and brain, this sympathy doth bring. 
 
 Davies. 
 
 We all set our hearts at rest, since whatever 
 
 comes from above is for the best. L'Estrangc. 
 
 The only true zeal is that which is guided by a 
 
 good light in the head, and that which consists of 
 
 good and innocent alVectioiis in the heart. Spratt. 
 
 Prest with heart corroding grief and years, 
 To the gay court a rural shed prefers. Pope. 
 
 3. The chief part; the vital part ; the vigo- 
 rous or efficacious part. 
 
 Barley being steeped in water, and turned upon 
 a dry floor, will sprout half an inch ; and if it be 
 let alone, much more, until the heart be out.Bacon. 
 
 4. The inner part of any thing. 
 
 Some Englishmen did with great danger pass 
 by water into the heart of the country. Aobot. 
 
 The king's forces are employed in appeasing 
 disorders more near the heart of the kingdom. 
 
 Ha II ward. 
 
 Generally the inside or heart of trees is harder 
 
 than the out%vard parts. Boyle. 
 
 Here in the heart of all tlie town I'll stay. 
 And timely succour where it wants convey. 
 
 Dry den. 
 If the foundation be bad, provide good piles 
 made of heart of oak, such as will reach ground. 
 
 Moion. 
 
 5. Person ; character. Used with respect 
 to courage or kindness. 
 
 The king's a bawcock, and a heart of gold, 
 A lad of life, an imp of fame. Shakesp. 
 
 Hey, my hearts ; cheerly, my hearts. Shaktsp. 
 What says my heart of elder ? Ha ! is he dead ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 6. Courage ; spirit. 
 
 If it please yo» to make his fortune known, I 
 will after take heart agaui to go on with his false- 
 hood. Sidney. 
 
 There did other like unhappy accidents happen 
 out of England, which gave heart and good op- 
 portunity to them to regain their old possessions. 
 
 SptTiAer. 
 Wide was the wound ; and a large lukewarm flood, 
 Red as the rose, thence gushed grievously, 
 That when the painim spy 'd the streaming blood, 
 Gave him great heart and hope of victory. 
 
 Fairy Q}iee7i. 
 
 Eve, recov'ring heart, reply'd. Milton. 
 
 Having left that city well provided, and in good 
 heart, his majesty removed with his little army to 
 Bewdley. Clarendon. 
 
 Finding that it did them no hurt, they took heart 
 upon't, went up tu\ and viewed it. UEstrange. 
 
 The expelled nations take heart, and when they 
 fly from one country invade another. Temple. 
 
 7. Seat of love. 
 
 Ah ! what avails it me the flocks to keep, 
 Who lost my/jear( whilelpreserv'd my sheep \Popc. 
 
 8. Affection ; inclination. 
 
 Joab perceived that the king's /leari was towards 
 Absalom, 2 Son*. 
 
 H E i\ 
 
 I\Ieans how to feel, and learn each other's heart. 
 By th'abbdt's skill of Westminster is found. Dflntc/. 
 
 Nor set thy heart, 
 Tiuis over-fond, onthat which is not thine. Milt. 
 
 'Tis well to be tender ; but to set the heart too 
 much upon any thing is what we cannot Jiistify. 
 
 U Estrange. 
 
 A friend makes me a feast, and sets all before 
 me, but I set my heart upon one dish alone, and 
 if that happen to be thrown down, I scorn all the 
 rest. Temple. 
 
 Then mixing powerful herbs with magick art, 
 She chang'd nis form who could not change his 
 neaH. Dryden. 
 
 What did I not, her subborn heart to gain ? 
 But alt my vows were answer'd with disdain. Dri/(/. 
 
 9. Memory : though South seems to dis- 
 tinguish. 
 
 Whatsoever was attained to, concerning God 
 and his working in nature, the same was delivered 
 over by heart and tradition from wise men to a 
 posterity equally zealous. Raleigh. 
 
 We call the committing of a thing to memory 
 the getting it by heart ; for it is the memory that 
 must transmit it to the heart ; and it is in vain to 
 expect that the heart should keep its hold of any 
 truth, when the memory has let it go. South. 
 
 Shall I in London act this idle part ? 
 Composing songs for fools to get by heart. Pope. 
 
 10. Good- will; ardour of zeal. To take 
 to heart any thing, is to be zealous or 
 solicitous or ardent about it. 
 
 If he take not their causes to heart, how should 
 there be but in them frozen coldness, when his 
 affections seem benumbed, from whom their 
 should take firei* Hookei: 
 
 If he would take the business to hea f, and deal 
 in it eff'ectually, it would succeed well. Bacon. 
 
 The lady marchioness of Hertford engaged her 
 husband to take this business to licaii. Clarendon. 
 
 Amongst those, who took it most to heart. Sir 
 John Stawell was the chief. Clarendon. 
 
 Every prudent and honest man would join him- 
 self to that side which had the good of their 
 country most at heart. Addison. 
 
 Learned men iiave been now a long time search- 
 ing after the happy country from which our first 
 parents were exiledf : if they can find it, with all 
 my heart. JVoodward. 
 
 I would not be sorry to find the Presbyterians 
 mistaken in this point, which they have most at 
 heart. Swift. 
 
 What I have most at heart is, that some me- 
 thod should be thought on for ascertaining and 
 fixing our language. Swift. 
 
 11. Passions; anxiety; concern. 
 
 Set your heart at rest ; 
 The fairy land buys not the child of me. Shakesp. 
 
 12. Secret thoughts ; recesses of the mind. 
 
 Michal saw King David leaping and dancing 
 before the Lord, and she despised him in her 
 heart. 2 Sam. vi. 16. 
 
 The next generation will in tongue and heart, 
 and every way else, become English ; so as there 
 will be no diAercnce or distinction, but the Irish 
 sea, betwixt us. Davies. 
 
 Thou sawest the contradiction between my 
 heart and hand. A'. Charles. 
 
 Would you have him open liis heart to you, and 
 ask your advice, you must begin to do so with 
 him first. Locke. 
 
 Wen, some to pleasure, some to business take ; 
 But every wunian is, at heart, a rake. Pope. 
 
 13. Disposition of mind. 
 
 Doing all things with so pretty a grace, that it 
 seemed ignorance could not make him do amiss, 
 because he had a heart to do well. Sidney. 
 
 14. The heart is considered as the seat of 
 tenderness : a hai^d heart therefore is 
 cruelty. 
 
 I've seen tliee stern, and thou hast oft beheld 
 Heart hardciiing spectacles. Shakesp. 
 
 Such iron hearts we are, and such 
 Tlie base barbarity of human kind. Pirwe. 
 
 15. To find in the heart. To be not wholly 
 averse. 
 
 n E A 
 
 For niy breaking the laws of friendship witK 
 ^ou, I cuuid Ji^td in my heart to ask you pardon 
 lor it, but tliat your no\v handlio^ of nie gives me 
 reason u> confirm my former dcahng. Sidney, 
 
 16. Secret meaning ; hidden intention. 
 I will on with my speech in your praise. 
 
 And then shew you the heart of ray message. 
 
 Hhakap. 
 
 17. Conscience; sense of good or ill. 
 Every man's heart and conscience dotli in good 
 
 or evil, even secretly committed, and known to 
 none but itself, eitiier like or disallow itself. 
 
 Hooker, 
 
 18. Strength; power; vigour; efficacy. 
 Try whether leaves of trees, swept together, 
 
 with some chalk and dung mixed, to give thero 
 more heart, would not make a good compost. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 That the spent earth may gather heart again. 
 And, better d by cessation) bear the grain. Dryd. 
 
 Care must be taken not to plow ground out of 
 heart, because if 'lis not in heart, it may be im- 
 proved by marl again. Mortimer. 
 
 19. Utmost degree. 
 
 This gay charm, 
 Like a right gipsy, hath, at fast and loose, 
 Beguil'd me to the very heart of loss. Shakesp. 
 
 20. Life. For my heart seems sometimes 
 to signify, if life was at stake; and 
 sometimes /oj' tender7iess. 
 
 I bid the rascal knock upon your gate. 
 And could not get h'ui\J'or my heart to doit. Shak. 
 
 1 gave it to a youth, 
 A prating Boy, that bcgg'd it as a fee; 
 1 could not^ffr my heart deny it him. Shakesp. 
 
 Profoundly skiil'd in the black art, 
 As English Slerlin for his heart. Hudibras . 
 
 21. It is much used in composition for 
 mind, or affection. 
 
 Heart-ach. n. s, [heart and ach,] Sor- 
 row ; pang ; anguish of mind. 
 
 To die — to sleep — 
 No more ; and, by a sleep, to say we end 
 The heart-ach, and tlie thousand natural shocks 
 That flesh is heir to. Shakesp. Hamlet, 
 
 Heart-break, n. s. [heart and break."] 
 Overpowering sorrow. 
 
 Better a little chiding than a great deal of heart- 
 break. Shakesp. 
 
 Heart-breaker, n. s. A cant name 
 for a woman's curls, supposed to break 
 the heart of all her lovers. 
 
 Like Samson's hearthreakers, it grew 
 In time to make a nation rue. Hudibra$. 
 
 Heart-breaking, adj. Overpowering 
 with sorrow. 
 
 Those piteous plaints and sorrowful sad time. 
 Which late you poured forth, as ye did sit 
 Beside the silver springs of Helicone, 
 Making your musick of heartbreaking vuonc. Spent. 
 
 Heart-breaking, n.s. Overpowering 
 grief. 
 
 What greater hearthreoking and confusion can 
 tliere be to one, than to have all his secret fault! 
 laid open, and the sentence of condemnation 
 passed upon him ? Hakewiil. 
 
 Heart-burned, adj, [heart and burn.] 
 Having the heat inflamed. 
 
 How tartly that gentleman looks! I never can 
 see him butt am heart-burn'd an hour after. Shak. 
 
 Heart-burning, n. s. [heart and bum.] 
 
 1 . Pain at the stomach, commonly from 
 an acrid humour. 
 
 Fine clean clialk is one of tlie most noble absor- 
 bents, and powerfully corrects and subdues the 
 acrid humours in the stomach : tliis niupcrty ren- 
 ders it very serviceable in the cardialgia, or /ifar»- 
 burning. _ Woodumrd. 
 
 2. Discontent ; secret enmity. 
 
 In great changes, when right of inherllance i« 
 broke, there will remain much heart-burning and 
 discouteut among the meaner people. Sin/t. 
 
 880
 
 H E A 
 
 Heart-dear. udj. Sincerely beloved. 
 
 The time was, father, Ui;\l_vou brokcyoiir word, 
 When you were more eiidear'd to it thiin now ; 
 When jourowii Percy, whi'ii my /ifort-rfear Harry, 
 i'lirew many a northward look to sec his fatlier 
 Briog up his pow'rs ; but he did long in vain ! 
 
 Shakcsp. 
 Heart-ease. n.s. Quiet; tranquillity. 
 What infinite heart-case must kings neglect, 
 That private men enjoy ! Shakesp. 
 
 Heart-easino. (I'f/j. Giving quiet. 
 
 But come, tliou goddess, fair and free. 
 In hi'av'n ycleii'd Eu|iliro5yne, 
 And hy "men /lenrl-fdsin;!; mirth. Milton. 
 
 Heart-felt. adj. Teltin the conscience. 
 
 What uolhiniz earthly gives, or can destroy, 
 The soul's calm sun-shine, and the heart-JcU joy, 
 Ts virtue's prizes Pcrpe. 
 
 Heart-peas. n.s. A plant with round 
 seeds in form of pease, of a black colour, 
 having the figure of an heart of a white 
 colour upon each. Miller. 
 
 Heart-quelling, flf//. Conquering the 
 affection. 
 
 And let fair Venus, that is queen of love, 
 With her heart -quelling sim, upim you smile. Speii. 
 
 Heart-rending, adj. Killing with an- 
 guish. 
 
 Heart-rending news, and dreadful to those few 
 Who her resemble, and her steps pursue ; 
 That death should licence have to rage among 
 The fair, the wise, the virtuous, and the yoimg 1 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Heart-robbing, adj. Ecstatick; de- 
 priving of thought. Obsolete. 
 
 Sweet is thy virtue, as thyself sweet art; 
 For when on me thou shinedst, late in sadness, 
 A melting |)leasancc ran through every part, 
 And me revived with heart-robbing gladness. 
 
 SpeTiser. 
 
 Heart-sick. adj. 
 
 1. Pained in mind. 
 
 If we be /(ear(-sir/:, or afflicted with an uncer- 
 tain soul, then we are true desirers of relief and 
 mercy. Taylor. 
 
 2. Mortally ill ; hurt in the heart. 
 Good Romeo, hide thyself. 
 
 —Not I, unless the breach of heart-sick groans 
 Mist like, infold inc from the search oi eyes.Sbak. 
 
 Hearts-ease. 71.. t. A plant. 
 
 Hearts-ease is a sort of violet that blows all Sum- 
 mer, and often in AVinter : it sows itself Ma)-(J7ner. 
 
 Heart-sore. n.s. That which pains the 
 mind. 
 
 Wherever he that godly knight may find. 
 His only heart-sore and his only foe. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Heart-string, n. s. [slringimd heart.] 
 The tendons or nerves supposed to brace 
 and sustain the heart. 
 
 He was by Jove deprived 
 Of life himself, and heart-strings of an eagle rived. 
 
 Spenser. 
 How, out of tune on the strings ? 
 —Not so ; but yet so false, that he grieves my 
 very heart-strings. Shakesp. 
 
 'that grates my heart-strings: what should dis- 
 content Inm ? 
 Except he thinks 1 live too long. Denham. 
 
 If thou thinkest thou shall perish, 1 cannot 
 blame thee to be sad 'till thy heart-strings crack. 
 
 Taylor. 
 There's the fatal wound 
 That tears my heart-strings ; but he shall be found. 
 My arms shall hold hiin. Granville. 
 
 Heart-struck, adj. 
 
 1. Driven to the heart ; infixed for ever in 
 tlie mind. 
 
 Who is with him ? 
 —None but the fool who labours to outjest 
 His heart-struck injuries. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Shocked with fear or disnoav. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 H E A 
 
 He added not ; for Adam, at the news 
 Heart-struck, with chilling gripe of sorrow stood. 
 That all his senses hound ! Miltm. 
 
 Heart-swelling, adj. Rankling in the 
 mind. 
 
 Drawn into arras, and proof of mortal fight, 
 Through proud ambition awl heart-swellmg hate. 
 
 .S/;e/i5er. 
 
 Heart-wuole. adj. 
 
 1. With the affections yet unfixed. 
 
 You have not seen me yet, and therefore I am 
 coillldent yi)U are heart-whole. Dryden. 
 
 Cupid iiaih clapt him o' tli' shoulder; but I II 
 warrant him /ienrt-u'/io(e. _ Shakesp. 
 
 2. With the vitals yet unimpaired. 
 Heartwounded. adj. Filled with pas- 
 sion of love or grief. 
 
 Mean time the queen, without reflection due. 
 Heart-wounded, to the bed of state withdrew. Po/ie. 
 
 Heartwounding. adj. Filling with 
 
 grief. 
 
 With a shriek heart-ummdin^ loud she cry'd. 
 While down her cheeks the gushing torrents ran. 
 Fast falling on her hands. Roue. 
 
 He'arted. adj. It is only used in com- 
 position : as, hard hearted. 
 
 He ne'er like bullies coward hearted. 
 Attacks in publick to be parted. Gay. 
 
 To He'arten. v. a. [from heart.] 
 
 1 . To encourage ; to animate ; to stir up. 
 
 Palladius blaming those that were slow, ;;eartfii- 
 ing them that were forward, but especially with 
 his own example leading them, made an impression 
 into the squadron. Sidney. 
 
 My royal father, cheer these noble lords, 
 And^fartcii those that fight in your defence : 
 Unsheath your sword, good father ; cry, St. George. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 This rare man, Tydides, would prepare ; 
 That he might conquer, hearten'd him. Chapman. 
 
 Thus hea'rteud well, and llesh'd upon his prey. 
 The youth may prove a man another dny.lhyden. 
 
 •2. To meliorate or renovate with manure. 
 
 The ground one year at rest ; forget not then 
 With r£hest dung to hearten it again. May's Virg. 
 
 Hearth, n.s. The paveinent of a room 
 
 on which a fire is made ; the ground 
 
 under the chimney. 
 
 Hoop'd out of Rome; now this extremity 
 Hath brought me to tlus )ieiir(/i. Shakesp. 
 
 Cricket, to Windsor chimneys shalt thou leap. 
 Where thou find'st fires unrak'd, and hearths 
 
 unswept, 
 There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry .S/mto;'. 
 
 Good luck befriend thee, son ; for at thy birlli 
 The fairy ladies dunc'd upon the hearth. Milton. 
 
 The vanqnish'd lires withdraw from every place ; 
 Or, full with feeding, sink into a sleep : 
 Each household genius shews again its face. 
 And from, the hearths the liUle lares creep. Dryden. 
 
 He'artily. adv. [from hearty.] 
 
 1 . From the heart ; fully. 
 
 I bear no malice for my death ; 
 But those that sought it, 1 could wish mere Chris- 
 tians ; 
 Be what they will, I heartily forgive them. Shak. 
 
 If to be sad is to be wise, 
 I do most heartily despise 
 Whatever Socrates has said. 
 Or lully writ, or Wanley read. Prior. 
 
 2. Sincerely ; actively ; diligently ; vigo- 
 rously. 
 
 Where his judgment led him to oppose men on 
 a publick account, he would do it vigorously and 
 heartily ; yet the opposition ended there.illtfrduri/. 
 
 3. Eagerly ; with desire. 
 
 AsfoT myoating heartili/ of the food, know that 
 anxiety has hindered my eating 'till this moment. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 He'artiness. n.s. [from hearti/.] 
 
 1. Sincerity; freedom from hypocrisy. 
 
 H E A 
 
 This enteitainment may a free face put on : dr. 
 rive a liberty from heartiness, and well become li.e 
 agent. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Vigour ; eagerness. 
 
 The anger of an enemy represents our faults, oi 
 admonishes us of our duty, with more heartiness 
 than the kindness of a friend. TayLn. 
 
 Heartless, fli://. [from heart.] Without 
 courage ; s))iritless. 
 
 1 joy ed oft to chase the trembling pricket, 
 Or hunt the heartkss liare 'till she were tame.5i>rn. 
 Then hopeless, heartless 'gan the cunning tliirf. 
 Persuade us die, to stint all further strife, i-utrv Q 
 What, art thou drawn among these heartless 
 hinds? 
 Turn thee, Benvolio ; look upon thy death. Shak. 
 Thousands besides stood mute and lieantca 
 there, 
 Men valiant all ; nor was I us'd to fear. Cowley. 
 The jieasants were accustomed to payments, 
 and grew heartless as they grew poor. Temple. 
 
 Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their 
 ground. 
 While our's with easy victory were crown'd.Dry. 
 
 He'artlessly. adv. [from heartless.] 
 Without courage ; faintly ; timidly. 
 
 He'artlessness. n.s. [i'Tom heartless.] 
 Want of courage or spirit ; dejection of 
 mind. 
 
 He'arty. adj. [from heart.] 
 
 1 . Sincere ; undisserabled ; warm ; zeal- 
 ous. 
 
 'Ihey did not bring that hearty inclination to 
 peace, which they hoped thi y would have done. 
 
 Clarendoru 
 
 But the kind hosts their entertainment grace 
 With hiarty welcome and an open face ; 
 In all they' did, you might discern with ease 
 A willing'inind, and a desire to please. Dryden. 
 
 Every man may pretend to any employment, 
 pri'vided he has been loud and frequent in declar- 
 ing himself (leurd/ for the government. Swift. 
 
 2. In full health. 
 
 3. Vigorous ; strong. 
 
 AMiose laughs are /leurti/, though his jests arc 
 coarse, 
 And loves you best of all things but nis horse.Pope. 
 
 i. Strong ; hard ; durable. 
 
 Oak.anil Ihe like true /icarti/timber.being strong 
 in all positii.ns, may be better trusted in cross ana 
 transverse works. Wottnn. 
 
 Hearty-hai.e. adj. \heart and hale.] 
 Good for the heart. 
 
 Vein-healing verven, and head-purging dill, 
 Sound savory, and basil hearty hale. Spenser. 
 
 Heat. n.s. [pear, )5aer, Sax. /jff/e, Dan.] 
 
 1. The sensation caused by the approach 
 or touch of fire. 
 
 Heat is a very brisk oiilation of the insensible 
 parts of the object, whicTi produces in us that sen- 
 sation from wlicnce «e denominate the object hot ; 
 so what in our sensation is heat, in the object is 
 nothing but motion. Locke. 
 
 The word heat is used to siguify the sensation we 
 have when we are near the fire, as well as the cause 
 of that sensation, which is in the fire itself; and 
 thence we conclude, that there is a sort of heat in 
 the fire resembling our own sensation : whereas in 
 the fire there i< nothing hut little particles of mat- 
 ter, of such particular shapes as are fitted to im- 
 press such motions on our flesh as excite the sense 
 of heat. ">'"• 
 
 2. The cause of the sensation of burning. 
 The sword which is made fiery doth not only 
 
 cut by reason of the sharpness which simply it 
 bath, but .also burns by means of that heat which 
 it hath from fire. " Hool^er. 
 
 3. Hot weather. 
 
 After thev came down into the valley, and found 
 the intolerable heats there, and knew no means 
 of lighter apparel, they were forced to go naked. 
 
 Bocoiu 
 
 5U 
 
 8Pl
 
 H E A 
 
 Mark well the flow'ring almonds in the wood ; 
 The glebe will answer to the sylvan reign ; 
 Great heats will follow, and large crops of grain. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 The pope would not comply with the proposal, 
 asfearins the heati might advance too far before 
 ihej hacTfinished their work, and produce a pes- 
 tilence among the people. Addison. 
 
 4. State of any body under the action of 
 the fire. 
 
 The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood- 
 red heat, a white flan}e heat, and a sparkling or 
 welding heat. Moion. 
 
 5. Fermentation ; effervescence. 
 
 6. One violent action unintermitted. 
 
 The continual agitations of llie spirits must needs 
 be a weakening o'f any constitution, especially in 
 age : and many causes are required for refresh- 
 ment betwixt the heats. Dri/dcn. 
 
 7. The state of being once hot; a single 
 effort. 
 
 I'll strike ray fortune with him at a heat, 
 And give himnot the leisure to forget Drvden. 
 
 'Jhcy the turn'd lines on golden anvils heal, 
 ■Which look as if they struck them at a heat. Tate. 
 
 8. A course at a race, between each of 
 
 which courses there is an intermission. 
 
 Feign'd zeal, you saw, set out the speedier pace; 
 But the last heat, plain dealing won the race.Drv. 
 
 9. Pimples in the face ; flush. 
 
 It has raised animosities in tlieir hearts, and heats 
 in their faces, and broke out in their ribbans..4tWi. 
 
 1 0. Agitation of sudden or violent pas- 
 sion ; vehemence of action. 
 
 They seeing what forces were in the city with 
 them, Issued against the tyrant while they were 
 in this heat, before practices might be used to dis- 
 sever them. _ Sidney. 
 
 The friend hath lost his friend ; 
 And the best quarrels, in the heat, are curst 
 Bv those that feel their sharpness. Shaltesp. 
 
 "It miglu hare pleased in the heat and hurry of 
 his rage, but must have displeased in cool sedate 
 reflection. South. 
 
 We have spilt no blood but in the heat of the 
 battle, or the chase. Atterburtf. 
 
 One playing at hazard, drew a huge heap of 
 gold; but in the heat of play, never observed a 
 sharper, who swept it into his hat. Suift. 
 
 11. Faction ; contest ; party rage. 
 
 They are in a most warlike preparation, and 
 hope to come upon them in the heat of their divi- 
 sion. Shakesp. 
 
 I was sorry to hear with what partiality and 
 popular /leaf elections were carried. King Charles. 
 
 What can more gratify the Phrygian foe 
 Than those distemper'd'/ieats.? _ Dryden. 
 
 12. Ardour of thought or elocution. 
 
 Plead it to her 
 With all the strength and heat of eloquence 
 Fraternal love anij friendship can inspire. 
 
 Addison's Cato. 
 
 To He.\t. V. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To make hot ; to endue with the pow- 
 er of burning. 
 
 He commanded that they should heat the fur- 
 nace one seven times more than it was wont to be 
 heated. Dan. iii. 19. 
 
 2. To cause to ferment. 
 
 Hups lying undried heats them, and changes 
 their colour. Mortimer. 
 
 3. To make the constitution feverish. 
 Thou art going to Lonl Timon"s feast. 
 
 —Ay, to see meat fill knaves, and wine/ieat fools. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Whatever increaseth tlie density of the blood, 
 
 even without increasing its celerity, /icats, because 
 
 a denser body is hotter than a rarer. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 4. To warm with vehemence of passion or 
 desire. 
 
 A noble emulation heats your breast, 
 And your own fame now robs you of your rest. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 H E A 
 
 5. To agitate the blood and spirits with 
 action. 
 
 When he was well heated the younger champion 
 could not stand before him ; and we hud the elder 
 contended not for the gift, but for the honour. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 He'ater. n.s. [from heat.] An iron 
 made hot, and jjut into a box-iron, to 
 smooth and plait linen. 
 
 HEATH, n. s. [erica, Lat.] 
 
 1 . A shrub of low stature : the leaves are 
 small, and abide green all the year. 
 
 Miller. 
 
 In Kent they cut up the heath in Blay, burn it, 
 and spread the ashes. Mortimer's Ihtshandry. 
 
 Oft witli bolder wing they soaring dare 
 The purple heath. Thomsan. 
 
 2. A place overgrown with heath. 
 
 Say, from wlience 
 You owe this strange intelligence ? or why, 
 llpon this blasted heath you stop our way 
 A\ ith such prophetick greeting ? Shah. Macbeth. 
 Health and long life have been found rather on 
 the peak of Derbyshire, and the /learts of SlaH'ord- 
 shire, than fertile soils. Temple. 
 
 3. A place covered with shrubs of what- 
 ever kind. 
 
 Some woods of oranges, and heaths of rosemary, 
 will smell a great way into the sea. Bacon. 
 
 Heathcock. n. s. [heath and cock.l A 
 large fowl that frequents heaths. 
 
 Cornwall hath quail, rail, partridge, pheasant, 
 /iea(/i-cocfc, and powte. Carew's Survey. 
 
 Heath-peas. fi.s. A species of bitter 
 
 Vetch, which see. 
 Heath-pout. n.s. [heath and pout.] A 
 
 bird. 
 
 Not heath-pout, or the rarer bird 
 Which Phasis or Ionia yields, 
 
 More pleasing morsels would afford 
 Than the fat olives of my fields. Dryden. 
 
 Heath-rose. n.s. [heath and rose.] A 
 plant. Ainsworlh. 
 
 HEATHEN, n. s. [heijden, Germ.] The 
 gentiles ; the pagans ; the nations un- 
 acquainted with the covenant of grace. 
 
 Deliver us from the heathen, that we may giv'e 
 thanks to thy holy name. 1 Chron. xvi. 35. 
 
 If the o[)inions of others whom we think well 
 of, be a ground of assent, men have reason to be 
 heathens'in Japan, mahonietans in Turkey, papists 
 in Spain, and protestants in England. Locke. 
 
 In a paper of morality, I consider how I may 
 recommend the particular virtues I treat of, by 
 the precepts or examples of the ancient heathens. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 He'athen. adj. Gentile; pagan. 
 
 It was impossible for a heathen author to relate 
 these things, because, if he had believed them, he 
 would no longer have been a heathen. Addison. 
 
 He'athenish. adj. [from heathen.] 
 
 1. Belonging to the Gentiles. 
 
 When the apostles of our Lord and Saviour 
 were ordained to alter the laws of heathenish reli- 
 gion, chosen thev were, St. Paul excepted; the 
 rest unschooled altogether, and unlettered men. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 2. Wild; savage; rapacious; cruel. 
 
 The Moors did tread under their heathenish feet 
 whatever little they found yet there standing. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Tliat execrable Cromwell made a heathenish or 
 rather inhuman edict against the episcopal clergy, 
 that they should neither preach, pray in publick, 
 baptize, marry, bury, nor teach school. South. 
 
 He'athenishly. flrfi'. [from heathenish.] 
 After the manner of heathens. 
 
 He'athenism. n. s. [from heathen.] 
 Gentilism; paganism. 
 
 H E A 
 
 It signifies the acknowledgment of the true 
 God, in opposition to heathenism. Hammond. 
 
 He'athy. af//. [from heath.] Full of heath. 
 
 This sort of land they order the same way with 
 the heathy land. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 
 To HEAVE. II. a. pret. /teawf/, anciently 
 hove; part, heaved, or hoven. 
 
 1. To lift; to raise from the ground. 
 
 So siretch'd out huge in length the arch fiend 
 
 Cliain'd on the burning lake ; nor ever thence 
 Had ris'n, or hcav'd his head, but that the will 
 And high permission of all-ruling heaven 
 Left him at large. Miltm. 
 
 2. To carry. 
 
 Now we bear the king 
 Tow"'rd Calais : grant him there ; and there being 
 
 seen. 
 Heave him away upon your winged thoughts 
 Athwart the sea Shakesp. 
 
 3. To raise ; to lift. 
 
 So daimted, when the giant saw the kniglit. 
 His heavy baud he heaved up on high. 
 And him to dust thought to have baiter'd quite. 
 
 Spenser. 
 I carmot heave 
 ]\Iy heart into my mouth. Shakesp. 
 
 He dy'd in fight ; 
 Fouglit next my person, as in consort fought. 
 Save ^vlleu he hcav'd his shield in my defence, 
 And on Ills naked side receiv'd my wound. Dryd. 
 
 4. To cause to swell. 
 
 The groans of ghosts that cleave the earth with 
 pain, 
 And heave it up : they pant and stick halfway. 
 
 The glittering finny swarms. 
 That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. 
 
 Tlioinson. 
 
 5. To force up from the breast. 
 
 Made she no verbal quest ? 
 .—Yes, once or twice she hcav'd the name of father 
 Pantingly forth, as if it prest her heart. Shakesp. 
 The wretched animal hcav'd forth such groans. 
 That their discharge did stretch his leathern coat 
 Almost to bursting. Shakesp. Asyou likeit. 
 
 6. To exalt ; to elevate. 
 
 Poor shadow-painted queen ! 
 One heard on high, to be hurl'd down below. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 7. To puff; to elate. 
 
 The Scots, heaved up into high hope of victory, 
 took the English for foolish birds fallen into their 
 net, forsook their hill, and marched into the plain. 
 
 Hayicard. 
 
 To Heave, r. n. 
 
 1 . To pant ; to breathe with pain. 
 
 'Tis such as you. 
 That creep like sliadows hy him, and do sigh 
 At each nis needless heav'mgs ; such as you 
 Nourish the cause of hisawakiiig. Shakesp. 
 
 He heaves for breath, which, from his lungs sup- 
 ply'd, 
 And fetcli'd from far, distends his lab'ring side. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To labour. 
 
 The church of England had struggled and 
 heaved at a reformation ever since WickTitTs days. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 3. To rise with pain; to swell and f;dl. 
 
 Thou hast made my curdled blood run back, 
 My heart heave up, my hair to rise in bristles. 
 
 Drydetu 
 
 The wand'ring breath was on the wing to part ; 
 
 Weak was tlie pulse, and hardly hcav'd the heart. 
 
 Dryden. 
 No object affects my imagination so much as 
 the sea or ocean ; I caimot see the heaving of this 
 prodigious bulk of waters, even in a calm, with- 
 out a very pleasing astonishment. Addis(m. 
 Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. 
 
 Prior. 
 The heaving tide 
 In widen'd circles beats oneitlier side. Gay. 
 
 4. To keck ; to feel a tendency to vomit. 
 
 883
 
 H E A 
 
 Heave, n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Lift ; exertion or eflbrt upwards. 
 None could guess whether the next lieave of tlie 
 
 earthquake woukl settle them on llie first luunda- 
 tion, or sw;illow them. Urj/rfeii. 
 
 2. Rising of the breast. 
 
 There's matter in these sighs ; these profound 
 heaves 
 You must translate ; 'tis fit we understand them. 
 
 Sliakesp. 
 S. Effort to vomit. 
 4. Strnrrgle to rise. 
 
 But after many strains and heaveSy 
 He got up to his saddle eaves. Hudibras, 
 
 Heave Offtring. n. s. An offering among 
 the Jews. 
 
 Ye sliall ofl"er a cake of the first of your dough 
 for an heave offering, as ye do the heaoe otf'ering of 
 the threshing floor. Numhtrs. 
 
 HE'AVEN. n.s. [)5eopon, which seems 
 to be derived from )3eopb, the places 
 over head, Sax.] 
 
 1. The regions above ; the expanse of the 
 sky. 
 
 A station like the herald Mercury, 
 r^'evv liohled on a heaven kissing hill. Shakesp. 
 
 i'hy race in time to come 
 Shall spread the conquests of imperial Rome ; 
 Rome, whose ascending low'rs shall heav'ii invade. 
 Involving earth and ocean in her shade. Dryden. 
 The words are taken more properly for the air 
 and ether than for the kcarcns. Rateigh^s Histortf. 
 This act, with shouts heavit high, the friendly 
 band 
 Applaud. Dryden. 
 
 Some fires may fall from heaven. Temple. 
 
 ?. The habitation of God, good angels, 
 and pure souls departed. 
 
 It is a knell 
 That simimons thee to heaven, or to hell. 
 
 Shak.Macheth. 
 These, the late 
 Heaven banish'd host, left desert utmost heW.Mih. 
 
 All yet left of that revolted rout, 
 Heav'n fuU'n, in station stood, or just array, 
 Sublime with expectation. Milton. 
 
 3. The supreme power; the sovereign of 
 heaven. 
 
 Now heavn help him! Shakesp, 
 
 The will 
 And high permission of all-ruling heav'n 
 Left him at large. Hilton. 
 
 The prophets were taugiu to know the will of 
 GoiJ, and thcreb3MTistructthe people, and enabled 
 to j)rophcsy,as a testimony of their being sent by 
 heaven. Temple. 
 
 4. The pagan gods ; the celestials. 
 
 Take physick, pomp ; 
 Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel. 
 That thou niay*st shake the superflux to liiem. 
 And show the heavens more jnst. Shakesp. 
 
 They can judge as fitly of his worth, 
 As 1 can of those mysteries vvhich heaven 
 Will not have earth to know. Shakesp. 
 
 Heav'ns! whataspring was in his arm, to throw ! 
 
 How high he held his sliield, and rose at ev'r3' 
 
 blow. Dryden. 
 
 5. Elevation ; sublimity. 
 
 _ O, for a muse of fire, that would ascend 
 'Uie brightest /leaiMi of invention. Shakesp. 
 
 0. It is often used in composition. 
 Heaven-begot. Begot by a celestial 
 power. 
 
 If I am heav'n-hegot, assert your son 
 By some sure sign. Drvden. 
 
 H EAVEN-BORN. Descended from the ce- 
 lestial regions ; native of heaven. 
 
 If once a fever fires his sulphurous blood. 
 In ev'ry fit he feels the hand of God, 
 And heuv'n-liorn flame. Driiden's Juvenal. 
 
 Oh! hcuv' n-born shtcTs \ source of art! 
 W ltd charm the sense, or mend the heart ; 
 \". liu led fair virtue's train along, 
 Alorul truth, and mystick song! Pope. 
 
 H E A 
 
 Heaven-bred. Produced or cultivated 
 in heaven. 
 
 Much is tlie force of heav'n-bred poesy. Shak. 
 Heaven-built. Built by the agency ol 
 
 gods. 
 
 His arms bad wrought the destin'd fall 
 Of sacred Trov, and taz'd her heaven-built wall. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Heaven-directed. 
 
 I • Raised towards the sky. 
 
 Who taught that heavcn-divected sjiire to rise ? 
 
 Pope. 
 2. Taught by the powers of heaven. 
 
 sacrerl weapon ; left for truth's defence ; 
 To all but lieaven-diivcted hantls deny'd : 
 
 The muse may give it, but the gods must gui<le. 
 
 Poiie. 
 
 Heavenly, adj. [from heaven.] 
 
 1 . Resembling heaven ; supremely excel- 
 lent. 
 
 As the love of heaven makes one heavenly, the 
 love of virtue virtuous, so doth the love of the 
 world make one become worldly. Sidney. 
 
 Not Maro's muse, who simg the miglity man ; 
 
 Nor Pindar's heavenly lyre, nor Horace when a 
 
 swan. Dryden. 
 
 2. Celestial; inhabiting heaven. 
 Adoring first the genius of tlie place. 
 
 Then earth, the mother of the heav'nly race. Dry. 
 
 He'avenly. adi: 
 
 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. 
 
 In these deep solitudes and awful cells. 
 Where heav'nlu pensive contemplation dwells, 
 And ever-musing melancholy reigns. 
 What means this tumult in a vestal's veins ? Pope. 
 
 2. By the agency or influence of heaven. 
 
 Truth and peace and love sliall ever shine 
 About the supreme throne 
 Of him, t'whose ha])py-making sightalone, 
 Our heav^nlif guided soul sliall climb. Milton. 
 
 He'avenward. iidv. [heaven and peajib. 
 Sax.] Towards heaven. 
 
 I prostrate lay. 
 By various doubts impell'd, or to obey. 
 Or to object ; at leiiiith, ray mournful look, 
 Heav^nivard erect, determin'd, thus I spoke. Pri(>r. 
 
 He'avily. adr. [from heavi/.] 
 
 1 . With great poiulerousness. 
 
 2. Grievously ; afflictivelj'. 
 
 Ease must be impracticable to the envious : tiiey 
 lie under a rlouble misfortune ; common calamities 
 and common blessings fall hcavilii upon them. 
 
 Collier. 
 
 3. Sorrowfully ; with grief. 
 
 1 came hither to transport the tydings, 
 Which I have /leatii^y burne. Sliakesp. 
 
 This O'Neii tookVery /icayi/y, because his con- 
 dition in the army was less pleasant to him. Clar. 
 
 4. With an air of dejection. 
 
 Why looks your grace so heavily to-day ? 
 — O, I have past a miserable night. Shakesp. 
 
 He'aviness. 71. s. [from hiary.] 
 
 1 . Ponderousness ; the quality of being 
 heavy ; weight. 
 
 The subject isconcerninf^ the heaviness of seve- 
 ral bodies, or the proportion that is required bc- 
 twixtaiiy weight and the power which inav move 
 it. Wilkins. 
 
 2. Dejectionof mind : depression of spirit. 
 
 We are, at the hearing of some, more inclined 
 unto sorrow and heavineis; of some more mollified 
 and softened in mind. Hooker. 
 
 Against ill chances men are ever merry ; 
 But heaviness foreruns the good event. Shakv.^}. 
 
 Let us not burthen our remembrance with 
 An heaviness that's gone. Shake.':p. 
 
 Heaviness in the heart of man raaketh it stoop ; 
 but a good word maketh it glad. Prov. xii. 2o 
 
 Ye greatly rejoice ; thougli now for a season ye 
 are in heaviness, through manifold temptations. 
 
 t Pet. i. 6. 
 
 n E A 
 
 3. Inaptitude to motion or thought ; sUi«;- 
 gishness ; torpidness ; dulnessof spirit; 
 languidness ; languor. 
 
 Our strength is utl^one into heavincsi^ 
 Tliat iu;tkcs the wfigTit. Shakesp^ 
 
 What iiitMiib thib ficavineis Xh^t hangs upun me ? 
 This lethargy that creeps tlirough all my senses? 
 
 Addison. 
 lie would not violate that sweet recess, 
 And found besides a welcome Arurintftt, 
 VVIiich seiz'd his eyes. Dryden. 
 
 A sensation of drousiness, oppression, heaihicss, 
 and lassitude, are signs of a too plentiful meal. 
 
 Arbutknot. 
 
 4-. Oppres&ion ; crush ; affliction : as, the 
 
 htavintss of taxes. 
 5, Deepness or richness of soil. 
 
 As Alexandria expurtcd many commodilics, so 
 it r*'ceivtd some, whicli, hy reason of the fatness 
 and heaviness of the tiround, Egypt did not pro- 
 duct* ; such as metals, wood, and ij'ilch. Arbuthnot. 
 
 HEAVY, adj. [)3eapi5, Sax.] 
 
 I . Weighty ; ponderous ; tending strong- 
 ly to the centre ; contrary to light. 
 
 Jlersennus tells us, that a little child, with an 
 engine of an hundred double pulleys, might move 
 this earth, though it were much heavier tnan it is. 
 
 Wilkins. 
 
 ■2. Sorrowful ; dejected; depressed 
 Let me not be light ; 
 For a liffht wife doth niakea/ieoDi/ husbaud.5Aafc. 
 
 3. Grievous ; oppressive ; afflictive. 
 
 IMenelaus bore an heavy baud over the citizens, 
 having a malicious mind. 2 Mac. v, 23. 
 
 I^t not your ears despise ray tongue for ever, 
 W'hicli sliall possess them with the heaviest sound 
 'That ever yet they heard. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 If the cause be not good, the king himself Iiatli 
 a hcavu reckoning to make. Shak. Henry V. 
 
 IVay for this good man, and for his issue, 
 Whose heavv hand hath bow J you to the grave. 
 And beegar'd yours for ever. Shakesp, 
 
 Chartres, at the levee. 
 Tells with a sneer the tyding heavy. Svrift. 
 
 4. M'anting alacrity ; -wanting briskness 
 of appearance. 
 
 Bly heavy eyes, you say, confess 
 A heart to love and griefinclin'd. Prior, 
 
 5. \A'anting spirit or rapidity of sentiment ; 
 unanimated. 
 
 A work was to be done, a heavy writer to be en- 
 couraged, and accordingly many thousand copies 
 \»ere bespoke. Swijt. 
 
 0. Wanting activity : indolent ; lazy. 
 
 Fair, tall, his limbs with due proportion join'd ; 
 But of a hcani, dull, degenerate mind. Dryd. 
 
 7. Drous}' ; dull ; torpid. 
 Peter and they that were with him were heavy 
 
 ivith skep. Luke. 
 
 8. Slow ; sluggish. 
 
 But let thy spiders that suck up thy venom. 
 And heovit galled toads lie in their way. Shakesp, 
 
 9. Stupid ; foolish. 
 
 'J'liis heavy headed revel. East and West 
 Make us Iraduc'd, and tax'd of other nations. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I would not be accounted so base minded, or 
 
 heavit headed, that I will confess that any of them 
 
 is for valour, powej, or fortune better than inyseif. 
 
 Knoltes. 
 
 10. Burdensome ; troublesome ; tedious. 
 
 I put into thy hands what has been the diver- 
 sion <if some of ray idle and heavy hours. L<vl-e. 
 
 When alone, your time will not lie Aetiri^upon 
 TOur liands for want of some trifling amusement. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 II. Loaded; incumbered; burtliened. 
 Hearing that there were forces coming against 
 
 him, andiuit willing that they sliould find his 
 men heavu and ladcifwitli bioty, be returned un- 
 to Scotland. Buc-Di'siiciirj) VII. 
 
 883
 
 H E C 
 
 12. Not easily digested ; not light to the 
 stomach. 
 
 Sucli preparations as retain tlie oil or fat, are 
 most heavii to the stomach, which malies baked 
 meat hard of diL'estion. Arhuthmit. 
 
 IS. Rich in soil; fertile, as Aeaiij/ lands. 
 14. Deep; cumbersome, as /(eaiT/ roads. 
 Hea'vy. adv. As an adverb it is only 
 used in composition ; heavily. 
 
 Vour carriages were heavy laden; tliey are a 
 bufden to the weary beast. iia. xivi. 1. 
 
 Ci.me until nie all ye that labour and arc heavi/ 
 laden, and I will trive 30U rest. Matt. xi. 2y. 
 
 Hi:r,DOMAD.~«.s. [hebdomus, Lat.] A 
 week ; a space of seven days. 
 
 Computing by the nieilical month, the first heb- 
 domud, oT septenary consists of six days, seventeen 
 hours and a half. Brown. 
 
 Hebdo'madal. \adj. [from hcbdo- 
 Hebdo'madary. j ?)i«s, Lat.] Week- 
 ly ; consisting of seven days. 
 
 As for hebdomadal periods, or weeks, is regard 
 of their sabbaths, they were observed by the He- 
 brews. Brown. 
 
 To HEBETATE, v. a. [hebeto, Lat. hebe- 
 ter, Fr.] To dull; to blunt; to stu- 
 
 1 lie eye, especially i( hebetated, might cause the 
 same perception. Harvexi. 
 
 Beef may cunfer a robustness on tlie limbs of 
 
 my son, Init will hebetate <iv\d clog his intcilecttials. 
 
 Arbulhnot and Fope. 
 
 Hebeta'tion. 71. s. [£rom hebetate.] 
 
 1. The act of dulling. 
 
 2. The state of being dulled. 
 He'betude. n. s. [hcbetttdo, Lat.] Dul- 
 
 nc-iis ; obtuseness ; bluntness. 
 
 The |)estilent seminaries, according to their 
 grossiicss or .subtill}', activity or hebetude, cause 
 more or less truculent plagues. Harvey. 
 
 He'braism. n.s. [kebraisme, Fr.hebrais- 
 mus, Lat.] A Hebrew idiom. 
 
 Milton has infused a great many Latinisms, as 
 well as Griecisnis, and sometimes Hebraisms, into 
 }iis poem. Spectator. 
 
 He'braist. n.s, [hebrauSj Lat.] A man 
 
 skilled in Hebrew. 
 He'brician. 71. s. [from Hebrew.] One 
 skilful in Hebrew, 
 
 'i'he words are more properly taken for tlie air 
 
 or ether than the heavens, as the best Hchi-icians 
 
 understand them. Raleigh. 
 
 The nature of the Hebrew verse, as the meanest 
 
 Hebrician knoweth, consists of uneven feet. 
 
 Peacham, 
 
 He'catomb. w. s. [hecatojnbey Fr. 
 lxaro^^y^.] A sacrifice of an hundred cat- 
 tle. 
 
 In ricli mens homes 
 I bid kill some beasts, but wo hecatombs ; 
 None starve, none surfeit so. Donne. 
 
 One of these three is a whole hecatomb, 
 And therefore only one of them shall die. Vryden. 
 
 Her triumphant sons in war succeed, 
 And slaiiglitcr'd hecatombs around 'em bleed. Addi. 
 
 He'ctical. } adj. [htcttquey Fr, from 
 
 He'ctick. ) T|k.] 
 
 I, Habitual; constitutional. 
 
 Tliis word is joined only to that kind of fever 
 which is slow and contiiiual, and ending in a con- 
 auniption, is the contrary to those fevers wliich 
 arise from a plethora, or too great fullness from 
 obstruction. It is attended with too lax a state of 
 the excretory passages, and generally those of tlie 
 skin ; wlicrcby so much runs ofl" as leaves not re- 
 sistance t'Tiough in ilic contractile vessels to keej) 
 them sviHiciently distended, so that they vibrate 
 oftcner, agitate the fluids the more, and keep them 
 thin and liot. Quincv. 
 
 \ hectick fever hath got hold 
 Of the whole substance, not to be controurd./)imne. 
 
 H E D 
 
 2. Troubled with a morbid heat. 
 
 No hectick student scars the gentle maid.Tay/or. 
 
 He'ctick. n.s. An hectick fever. 
 
 Like the hectick in my blood he rages, 
 Aiid thou must cure mc. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Hector, n.s. [from the name of i/fc/ or, 
 the great Homeric warriour.] A bully ; 
 a blustering, turbulentj pervicacious, 
 noisy fellow. 
 
 Those usiirj>ine hectora, who pretend to honour 
 without religion, think the charge of a l^'e a blot 
 not to be washed out but by blood. South. 
 
 We'll take one cooling cup of nect;ir, 
 Aid drink to this celebtiul hector. Prior. 
 
 To He'ctor. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 threaten ; to treat with insolent authori- 
 tative terms. 
 
 They reckon they must part with honour toge- 
 ther with their opinion, if they softer themselves 
 to be hectored out of it. Governm. of the Tongne. 
 
 The weak low spirit Fortune makes her slave ; 
 But slie's a drudge, when hector d by the brave. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 An honest man, when he came liome at nij^ht, 
 found another fellow di)mineering in his family, 
 hectoring his servants, and calling for supper. 
 
 ArbiUhnot's History of John Bull. 
 
 To He'ctor. v. n. To play the bully ; 
 to bluster. 
 
 They liave attacked me, some with piteous 
 moans and outcries, others grinning and only 
 shewirig their teeth, others ranting and hectoring, 
 others scolding and reviling. Stilling Jieet. 
 
 One would think the hectoring, the storming, 
 the sullen, and all the different species of the an- 
 gry should be cured. Spectator. 
 
 Don Carlos made her chief director, 
 That she might o'er the servants hector SuiJ't. 
 
 Hedera'ceous. adj. [hederaceuSj Lat.] 
 Producing ivy. Diet. 
 
 HEDGE. 71. s. [l^ejge, Sax.] A fence 
 made round grounds with prickly bush- 
 es, or woven twigs. 
 
 It is a good wood for fire, if kept dry ; and is 
 very useful for stakes in hedges. Mortimer. 
 
 The gardens unfold variety of colours to the eye, 
 every morning, and the hedges breath is beyond 
 all perfume. iPope. 
 
 Through the verdant maze 
 Of sweet-briar hedges I pursue my walk. Tliomson. 
 
 Hedge, prefixed to any word, notes some- 
 thing mean, vile of the lowest class : 
 perhaps from a hedge^ or hedge born 
 man, a man without any known place of 
 birth. 
 
 There are five in the first shew : the pedant, the 
 braggart, the hedge-priest, the fool, and the boy. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The clergy do much better than a little hedge, 
 contemptible, illiterate vicar can be presumed to 
 do. _ Swift. 
 
 A person, wlio, by liis style and literature, seems 
 to have been the corrector of a hedge-press m Little 
 Britain, proceeded gradually to an author. Swift. 
 
 To Hedge, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To inclose with a hedge, or fence of 
 wood dry or growing. 
 
 Hedge thy possession about with thorns. Eccles. 
 
 Those alleys must be hedged at both ends, to 
 
 keep out the %vind. Bacon. 
 
 2. To obstruct. 
 1 will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. u. 6. 
 
 3. To incircle for defence. 
 England, hedg'd in with the main, 
 
 That water-walled bulwark, still secure 
 
 And confident from foreign [mrposes. Shakesp. 
 
 There's such divinity doth hedge a king. 
 That treason can but peep to what it would. Shak. 
 
 4t. To shut up witliin an inclosure. 
 
 It must not be paid and exported in ready mo- 
 ney ; so says our law; but that is a law to hedge 
 in the cuckow, and serves for no purpose: for if 
 
 H E D 
 
 we export not goods, for wliich our merchants have 
 money due to them, how can it be paid by hillj 
 of exchange ? Locke. 
 
 . To force into a place already full. This 
 seems to be mistaken for edge. To edge 
 in, is to put in by the way that requires 
 least room ; but hedge may signify to 
 thrust in with difficulty, as into a hedge. 
 
 You forget yourself 
 To hedge me in. Shakesp. Julias Ctcsar. 
 
 \\ hen I was hasty, thou delay'dst me longer : 
 I pr'yihee, let me hedge one moment more 
 Into thy |)romise ; for thy life preserv'd. Dryden. 
 
 When you are sent on an errand, be sure to 
 hedge in some business of your own. Smift. 
 
 To Hedge, v. n. To shift; to hide the 
 head. 
 
 I myself sometimes, hiding mine honour in my 
 necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to lurch. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Hedge-born. arf/. {hedge smdhorn.^ Oi 
 no known birth ; meanly born. 
 
 He then, that is not furnish'd in this sort. 
 Doth but usurp the sacred name of knight, 
 And should, if I were worthy to be judge. 
 Be quite degraded, like a hedge-born swain. 
 That doth presume to boast of gentle blood. Shak. 
 
 Hedge-ckeeper. n.s. [hedge and creep.] 
 One that skulks under hedges for bad 
 purposes. 
 
 Hedge-fumitory, n.s. 
 
 maria sepium. 
 Hedgehog, n. 
 
 A plant ; fu- 
 Ainsworlh. 
 s. [hedge and hog ; cri- 
 naceous.] 
 
 . An animal with prickles, like thorns in 
 an hedge. 
 
 Like hedge-hogs, which 
 Lie tumbling in my bare-foot way, and mount 
 Their pricks at my foot-fall. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Few have belief to swallow, or hope enough to 
 experience, the collyrium of Albertus ; that is to 
 make one see in the dark : yet thus much accord- 
 ing to his receijit, will the right eye of an hedge- 
 hog, boiled in oil, and preserved in a braeen vessel, 
 enect. Broa-ns Vulgar En'oars. 
 
 The hedge-hng hath his backside and Hanks thick, 
 set with strong and sharp prickles ; and besides, 
 by the help ot a muscle, can contract himself into 
 a globular figure, and so withdraw his whole un- 
 derpart, head, belly, and legs, within his thicket 
 of prickles. Ray. 
 
 2. A term of reproach. 
 Did'st thou not kill this king? 
 
 —I grantye. 
 
 — Do'st grant me, hedge-hog? Shakesp. 
 
 3. A plant ; trefoil ; medica echinata.Ains. 
 
 4. The globe-fish ; orbis echinatus. Ainstc. 
 Hedge-hyssop, n.s. [hedge and hys- 
 sop.^ A species of willowwort ; gratiola. 
 
 Hedge-hussop is a purging medicine, and a very 
 
 rough one : externally it is said to be a vulnerary. 
 
 Hill'sMat. Medica. 
 
 Hedge-mustard, n.s. A plant. 
 Hedge-nettle, n.s. A plant; galeop- 
 
 sia. Ainstvorth. 
 
 Hedge-note. n.s. [hedge and note.] A 
 
 word of contempt for low writing. 
 When they began to be somewhat better bred, 
 
 they left these hed^e-notes for another sort of poem, 
 
 which was also full of pleasant raillery. Dryden. 
 
 Hedge-pig. n.s. [hedge and pig.] A 
 young hedge-hog. 
 
 Thrice the brindcd cat liath mew'd. 
 Thrice and once the hedge-pig whin'd. Shakesp. 
 
 Hedge-row. n.s. [Aerfg-e and row.] 
 
 The series of trees or bushes planted for 
 
 inclosures. 
 
 Sometime walking not uHseen 
 By hedge-rou- elms, on hillocks green. Miltatu 
 
 8S4
 
 H E E 
 
 The fields in tlie northern «i(le are divided by 
 hedge nm of myrtle. Berkley to Pope. 
 
 Hedge-sparrow. «. s. [hedge and spar- 
 row ; curruca.] A sparrow that lives in 
 bushes, distinguished (i-om a sparrow 
 that builds in thatch. 
 
 The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long, 
 That it had its head bit otf by its young. Shak. 
 
 Hedging-bill. ti. s. [hedge and bill.] 
 A cutting-hook used in making hedges. 
 
 Conics master Dameias with a Itedgiiig-biU in 
 his hand, chafing and swearing. Sidney, 
 
 He'dger. r>. s. [from hedge.] One who 
 makes hedges. 
 
 The laboar'd ox 
 In his loose traces from the furrow came. 
 And theswink'd hedger al his supper sat. Milton. 
 He would be JaugiVd at, that sliould go about 
 tomakea fine dancer out of a country /ledftr at 
 past fifty. LiKke. 
 
 To HEED. t'. a. [feban. Sax.] To mind; 
 to regard ; to take notice of; to attend. 
 
 With pleasure Arcus the musician heeds ; 
 But wonders much at those newvocal reeds. Dry. 
 He will no more have clear ideas of all the ope- 
 rations of his mind, than he will have all the par- 
 ticular ideas of any landscape or clock, who will 
 not turn his eyes to it, and with attention heed all 
 the parts of it. Locke. 
 
 Heed. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. Care; attention. 
 
 With wanton heed and giddy cunning, 
 
 Tlie melting voice through mazes running.Mifton. 
 
 Take heeii that, in their tender years, ideas, 
 
 that have no natural cohesion, come not to be 
 
 united in their heads. ^ Locke. 
 
 Thou must take heed, my Fortius ; 
 The world has all its eyes on Cato's son. Addison. 
 ?. Caution ; fearful attention ; suspicious 
 watch. 
 
 Either wise bearing or ignorant carriage iscaught 
 
 as men catch diseases, one of another; therefore, 
 
 let men take heed of their company. SUakcsp. 
 
 Take heed; have open eye; for thieves do foot 
 
 by night ; 
 
 Take heed ere Summer comes, or cuckoo birds 
 
 atTright. Shak. Merry Wivesof ]Vinds(fr. 
 
 S. Care to avoid. 
 
 We should take heed of the neglector contempt 
 of his worship. Tillotson. 
 
 4. Notice; observation. 
 
 Speech must come hy hearing and learning; 
 and birds give more heed, and mark words more 
 than beasts. Bacon. 
 
 5. Seriousness ; staidness. 
 
 He did unseal them ; and the first he view'd. 
 He did it with a serious mind ; a heed 
 Was in his countenance. Shakesp. 
 
 6. Regard ; respectful notice 
 
 It is a way of calling a man a fool, when no heed 
 is given to what he says, VEstrange. 
 
 Heedful, adj. [fi-om heed.] 
 
 1. Watchful; suspicious; vigilant. 
 Give him heedful note ; 
 
 For I mine eyes' will rivet to his face ; 
 
 And, after, we will both our judgments join. 
 
 In censure of his seeming, Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. Attentive ; careful ; observing ; with of. 
 
 I am commanded 
 To tell the passion of my sovereign's heart ; 
 Where fame, late ent'ring at his heedful ears. 
 Hath plac'd thy beauty's image and" thy virtue. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 To hira one of the other twins was bound. 
 Whilst I had been like heedful of the other. Shak. 
 
 Thou lieedfal of advice, secure proceed ; 
 My praise the precept is, be thine the deed. Pope. 
 Heedfully. adv. [from heedJiiL] At- 
 tentively ; carefully ; cautiously. 
 
 Let the learner maintain an honourable opinion 
 of his instructor, and heedfully listen to his instruc- 
 tions, as one willing to be ledf. Watts. 
 
 Hb'edfulness. n. s. [from heedful.] 
 Caution ; vigilance ; attention. 
 
 H E E 
 
 He'edily. adv. Cautiously; vigilantly. 
 
 Diet. 
 He'ediNESS. n. s. Caution; vigilance. 
 
 Did. 
 Heedless, adj. [from heed.] Negligent ; 
 inattentive ; careless ; thoughtless ; re- 
 gardless ; unobserving : with of. 
 
 The heedless lover dues not know 
 Whose eyes they are that wound liim so. II a//er. 
 
 Heedless of verse, and hopeless of the crown. 
 Scarce half "a wit, and more than half a clown. Dry. 
 Some ideas which have more than once offered 
 themselves to the senses, have yet been little taken 
 notice of; the mind being either heedless, as in 
 children, or otherwise employed, as in men. Locke. 
 Surprises are often fatal to heedless unguarded 
 innocence. Sherlock. 
 
 He'edlessly. adv. [from heedless.] Care- 
 lessly ; negligently ; inattentively. 
 
 Whilst ye discharge the duties of matrimony, 
 ye heedlessiti slide into sin. Arhuthnotajid Pope. 
 
 He'edlessness. n.s. [{rom heedless.] 
 Carelessness; thoughtlessness; negli- 
 gence ; inattention. 
 
 In llie little harms they sulfer from knocks and 
 falls.they should not he pitied, but bid do so again ; 
 hich is a better wav to cure their heedlessnes.Loc. 
 
 .1 >. ii \ I' I ,, III \^ I 
 (. [hele, Sax.] 
 1. The part of the foot that protuberates 
 
 HEEL, n.s 
 
 The^ 
 
 behind. 
 
 If the luxated bone be distorted backward, it 
 lieth over the heel bone. Tl 'iseman'sSur^. 
 
 2. The whole foot of animals. 
 The stag recals his strength, his speed. 
 
 His winged heels, and thenliis armed head , 
 With these t' avoid, with that his fate to meet ; 
 But fear prevails, and bids him trust his feet. 
 
 Denltam. 
 
 Pegasus appeared hanging off the side of a rock, 
 
 with a fountain running from his heel. Addison. 
 
 3. The feet, as employed in flight. 
 
 Notliing is commoner, in times of danger, than 
 for men to leave their masters to bears and tygers, 
 and shew them a fair pair o( heels fur't L'Estrange. 
 
 4. To be at the heels. To pursue closely ; 
 to follow hard. 
 
 Sir. when comes your book forth ? 
 —Upon the /i«/sof"my presentment. Shakesp. 
 
 But is there no sequel at the heels of this 
 Mother's admiration. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 5. To attend closely. 
 
 Could we break our way 
 By force, and at our heels all hell should rise 
 With blackest insurrection, to confound 
 Heav'n's purest light. Milton. 
 
 G. To pursue as an eneni}'. 
 
 The Spaniards fled on towards the North to seek 
 their fortunes, being still chased by the English 
 navy at their heels, until they were fain to give 
 them over for want of powder. Bacon. 
 
 Wantl hungry want! that hungry meagre fiend 
 Is at my heels, and cliaces me in view. Otway. 
 
 7. To follow close as a dependant. 
 Through proud London he came sighing on, 
 
 After th' admired heels of Bolingbroke. Shakesp. 
 
 8. To layby the heels. To fetter; to 
 shackle ; to put in gyves. 
 
 If the king blame me for't, I'll lay ye all 
 By th' heels, and suddenly ; and ou your heads 
 Clap round tines for neglect. Shakesp. 
 
 One half of man, his mind 
 Is suijuris, unconlin'd. 
 And cannot be laid hy the heels. Hudibras 
 
 I began to smoke" that they were a parcel of 
 mummers ; and wondered that none of the i\lid- 
 dlesex justices look care (o /uj/ some of them hythe 
 heels. Addison 
 
 9. Any thing shaped like a heel. 
 
 At the other side is a kind of hcel^ or knob, to 
 break clots with. Mortimer's Huslumdry, 
 
 10. The back part of a stocking : whence 
 the phrase to be out at heels, to be worn 
 out. 
 
 H E I 
 
 A good man's fortune may grow out at heelt.Sha, 
 
 To Heel. v.n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To dance. 
 
 I cannot sing, 
 N'or heel the high lavolt, nor sweeten talk. S/iaJiorp. 
 
 2. To lean on one side : as, the ship Aee /f . 
 To Heel. v. a. To arm a cock. 
 He'eleR. n.s. [from Ace/.] A cock that 
 
 strikes well with his heels. 
 He'el-piece. 7i. i. [heel and piece.] .K 
 
 piece fixed on the hinder part of the shoe, 
 
 to supply what is worn away. 
 To He'el-piece. r. a. [heel and piece.] 
 
 To put a piece of leather on a shoe heel. 
 Some blamed Jlrs. Bull for new heel-piecini; 
 
 lier shoes. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Heft. n. s. [from heave.] 
 
 1. Heaving; effort. 
 
 May be in the cup 
 A spider sleep'd, and one may drink ; depart. 
 And yet partake no venom ; for his knowledge 
 Is not infected : but if one present 
 I'll' abhorrent ingredient to his eye, make known 
 How he hath drunk, he cracks his gorge, his sides 
 With vi ilent Af/is. Sluikesp, Winter's Tate. 
 
 2. [For haft.]' Handle. 
 
 His oily side devours both blade atid hefi. Waller. 
 
 He'gira TT. s. [.\rabick.] A term in chro- 
 nology, signifying tiieepocha, or account 
 of time, used by the .■\ral)ians and Turks, 
 who be^in their computation from the 
 day that Mahomet w;;s forced to make 
 his escape from the city of Mecca, which 
 happened on Friday, July \6,A.D.Gi'2, 
 under the reign of the emperor Hera- 
 clius. Harris. 
 
 Hei'fer. n.s. [peapoj-s. Sax.] .\ j-oung 
 cow. 
 
 Who finds the /iti/f r dead and bleeding fresh. 
 And sees fast by a" butcher with an axeT 
 But will suspect 'twas he that made the slaughter? 
 
 Shakap. 
 
 A heifer will put up Iier nnse, and snuflF in the 
 air against the rain. Bacon. 
 
 For her the flocks refuse the verdant food. 
 Nor thirsty hefcr seek the gliding flood. Pope. 
 
 Heigh ho. interj 
 
 1 . An expression of slight languor and 
 uneasiness. 
 
 Heigh ho! au't be not four by the day, I'll be 
 hang'd. " " Shakesp. 
 
 2. It is used by Drydai, contrarily to cus- 
 tom, as a voice of exultation. 
 
 We'll loss <>flr our ale 'till we cannot stand. 
 And heigh ho for the hmourof Old England. Dry. 
 
 Height, n.s. [iiom high.] 
 
 1 . Elevation above the ground : indefinite. 
 Into what pit thovi seest. 
 
 From what height fall'n. Milton. 
 
 An amphitheatre's ama2ing height 
 Here fills the eve witli terror and delight. ^(i<i(&m. 
 
 2. Altitude; definite space measured up- 
 wards. 
 
 Abroad I'll study thee. 
 As he removes far off, that great heights takes. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 There is in Ticinium a church that is in length 
 one hundred feet, in breadth twenty, and infte^^.t 
 near fifty. Boom. 
 
 An amphitheatre appear'd, 
 Rais'd in degrees, to sixty paces rear'd : 
 That when a man was plac'd in one degree. 
 Height was allow'd for hira above to see. Dryden. 
 
 3. Desrree of latitude. Latitudes are high- 
 er as thej' approach the pole. 
 
 Guinea lieth to the North sea, in the same 
 height as Peru to the South. Abbott. 
 
 885
 
 H E I 
 
 4. Summit ; ascent ; towering eminence ; 
 high place. 
 
 J-'roin Alpine heii^hts the f.ilher first descends ; 
 His daughter's luishand in the plain attends, 
 
 DiydensJEveid. 
 
 5. Elevation of rank ; station of dignity ; 
 great degree of excellence. 
 
 By liim tliat rais'd nie to this careful height^ 
 From that contented hap which I enjoy'A.Shakesp, 
 
 Teu kintis had from the Norraan conqu'ror 
 reiiin'd. 
 When En^iland to her greatest height axtauid^ 
 Of pow'r, dominion, glory, wealth^ and state. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 Every man of learning need not enter into their 
 difficulties, nor climb the liciglits to which some 
 others have arrived. ' Watts. 
 
 6. The utmost degree ; full completion. 
 
 Putrefaction doth not rise to its heiglit at once. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Did not she 
 Of Tinina first betray me, and reveal 
 The secret, wrested from me in the height 
 Of nuptial love profess'd ? Milton. 
 
 Hide me from the face 
 Of God, whom to behold was then ray height 
 Of happiness ! Milton. 
 
 Ues|)air is the height of madness. Sherlock. 
 
 7. Utmost exertion. 
 
 Come on, sir ; I shall now put you to the height 
 of your breeding. Shakesp. 
 
 8. State of excellence; advance towards 
 perfection. 
 
 Social duties are carried to greater heights, and 
 enforced with stronger motives, by the principles 
 of our religion. Addi&on. 
 
 To Heighten, v. a. [from height.] 
 
 1. To raise higher. 
 
 2. To improve ; to meliorate. 
 S. To aggravate. 
 
 Foreign states used their endeavours to heighten 
 our contusions, and plunge us mto all tlie evils of 
 a civil war. Addison 
 
 4. To improve by decorations. 
 
 As in a room, contrived for state, the height of 
 the roof should bear a proportion to tlie area ; so 
 in the /ici^/jrcnin^s of poetry, the strength and ve- 
 hemence of figures should be suited to the occa- 
 sion. Dri/den. 
 
 HE'INOUS. adj. [haineux, Fr. from hane 
 hate ; or from the Teuton, hoon shame.] 
 Atrocious ; wicked in a high degree. 
 
 To abroi:ale or innovate the gospel of Christ, if 
 men or angels should attempt, it were most heinous 
 and accursed sacrilege. Hooker. 
 
 This is tile man sliould do the bloody deed : 
 The image of a wicked heinous fault 
 Lives inlii.> eye. Shakesp. 
 
 As it is :i most heinous, so it is a most dan^-crous 
 impiety to despise hini that can destroy us.Tillot. 
 
 He'inously. adv. [from heinous.] Ati-o- 
 
 ciously; wickedly. 
 He'inousness. U.S. [from heinous.] 
 
 Atrociousness ; wickedness. 
 
 He who can treat offences, provoking God, as 
 jests and trifles, must have little sense of the hei- 
 nonsness oithtm. Kooers. 
 
 Heir. n. s. [heire, old Fr. h(eres, Lat.] 
 1. One that is inlieritor of any thing after 
 the present possessor. 
 
 An lieir signilies the eldest, who is, by the laws 
 of Eitgland, to have all his father's land. Locke. 
 
 AVIiat lady is that > 
 — 'The heir of Alanson.'Rosaline her name. Shak. 
 
 That I'll give my voice on Richard's side. 
 To bar my master's heirs in true descent, 
 God knows,.! will not do it. Shakesp. 
 
 ■Reiiig heirs together of the grace of life. 
 
 lFei.iii.7, 
 Sunk is the hero, and his glory lost. 
 And 1 liis heir in misery alone. Fopc. 
 
 H E L 
 
 The heirs to titles and large estates liave a weak- 
 ness in their eyes, and a tenderness in tlieir con- 
 stitution. Swift. 
 2. One newly inheriting an estate. 
 
 The young extravagant heir had got a nev/ 
 steward, and was resolved to look into his estate. 
 
 Suift. 
 To Heir, v a. [from the noun.] To inherit; 
 
 His son in blooming yooth was snafcii'd by fate, 
 One only daughter heir'd the royal state. Druden. 
 
 He'iress. n. s. [from heir.] An inheri- 
 trix ; a woman that inherits. 
 
 An heiress slie, while vet alive ; 
 All that was lier's to him did give. Waller. 
 
 ^•Eneas, though lie married the heiress of the 
 crown, yet claimed no title to it during the life of 
 his father-in-Uw. Dryden. 
 
 He'irless. adj. [from heir.] Without an 
 heir ; wanting one to inherit after him. 
 
 1 still think of 
 The wrong I did myself; whicli was so much. 
 That heirless it hath made my kingdom. Shake.'ip. 
 He'irship. n.s. [from heir.] The state, 
 character, or privileges of an heir. 
 
 A layman appoints an heir or an executor in 
 his will, to build an hospital within a year, under 
 pain of being deprived of his heirship. Ayliffe's Par. 
 He'irloom. n. s. [/(fi'r and gtloma goods, 
 Sax.] Any furniture or moveable decreed 
 to descend by inheritance, and therefore 
 inseparable from the freehold. 
 
 Achilles' sceptre was of wood. 
 Transmitted to the hero's line ; 
 Thence thri;ngli a long descent of kings 
 Came an heirloom, as Homer sings. Sivift. 
 
 Held. Thepret. and part. pass, of hold. 
 
 A rich man beginning to fall is held up of 
 friends. Eccles. 
 
 If Minerva had not appeared and held his hand, 
 he had executed his design. Dryden. 
 
 HELI'ACAL. adj. [hdiaqiie, Fr. from 
 Emerging from the lustre of 
 
 i'At^.] 
 
 the sun, or falling into it. 
 
 Had they ascribed the heat of the season to this 
 star, they would not have computed from its helia- 
 cal ascent. Broicn. 
 
 He'liacally. adv. [from heliacal.] 
 
 From the rising of this star, not cosmically, that 
 is, with the sun, but heliacatly, that is, its emer- 
 sion from the rays of the sun, the ancients com- 
 puted their canicular days. Broivn. 
 
 He is tempestuous in the Summer, when he I 
 rises heliacally ; and rainy in the Winter, when he 
 rises achronically. Dryden. 
 
 Helical, adv. [helice, Fr. from i?ii|.] 
 Spiral ; with many circumvolutions. 
 
 1 he screw is a kind of wedge multiplied or con- 
 tinued by a helical revolution about a cylinder, 
 receiving its motion not from any stroke, but from 
 a vectis at one end of it. Wilkins. 
 
 He'lioid Parabola, in mathematicks, or 
 the parabolick spiral, is a curve which 
 arises from the supposition of the axis of 
 the common Apollonian parabola being 
 bent round into the periphery of a cir- 
 cle, and is a line then passing through 
 the extremities of the ordinates, which 
 do now converge towards the centre of 
 the said circle. Harris. 
 
 Helioce'n TRlfK. adj. [helioccntrique, 
 Fr. ?>.i®- and xin^ov.] 
 
 The heliccentrick place of a planet is said to be 
 such as it would appear to us from the sun, if our 
 eye were fixed in its centre. Harris. 
 
 He'lioscope. n.s. [helioscope. Ft. ri^^its^ 
 and o-xcur/oj.] A sort of telescope fitted 
 so as to look on the body of the sun, 
 without offence to the eyes. Harris. 
 
 H E I 
 
 He'liotrope. n. s. [?Xt®- and r^iVu ; he- 
 liotrope, Fr. heliotropium, Lat.] A plant 
 that turns towards the sini ; btit more 
 particularly the turnsol, or sunflower. 
 
 'Tis an observation of flatterers, that they are 
 like ttie heliotrope ; they open only towards the 
 sun, but shut and contract themselves at night, 
 and in cloudy wealher. Government of the Ton'^ue, 
 
 He'lispherical. adj. [helix and sphere.] 
 
 I'he helispherical line is the rhomb line in navi- 
 gation, and is so called because on the globe it 
 winds round the |>ole spirally, and still comes 
 nearer and nearer to it, but cannot terminate in it. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 HELIX, n.s. [helice, Fr.U^.] Part of a 
 spiral line ; a circumvolution. 
 
 Find the true inclination of the screw, together 
 with the quantity of water which every helix does 
 contain. nilkiiis. 
 
 HELL. M. s. [)5elle. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The place of the devil and wicked 
 souls. 
 
 For it is a knell 
 That summons tliee to heaven, or to hell. Shakesp. 
 If a mail were a porter of Itell gates, he should 
 have old turning the key. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Let none admire 
 That riches grow in hell ; that soil may best 
 Deserve the precious bane. Miltoii. 
 
 Heirs black tyrant trembled to behold 
 The glorious light he forfeited of old. CoicIctj. 
 
 2. The place of separate souls, whether 
 good or bad. 
 
 I will go dow n to my son mourning to hell. Gen. 
 He descended into hell. Jposlle's Creed. 
 
 3. Temporal death. 
 I'he i)ains of hell came about me ; tt'e snares of 
 
 death overtook nie. Ps. xviii.4. 
 
 4. The place at a running play to ■which 
 those who are caught are carried. 
 
 Then couples three be straight allotted there ; 
 'They of both ends the middle two do fiy ; 
 
 Tiie two that in mid-place, hell called were. 
 Must strive with waiting foot and watching eye, 
 
 To catch of them, anci them to hell to bear, 
 That they, as well as they, hell may supply. 6'ii:?n. 
 
 5. The place into which the taylor throws 
 
 his shreds. 
 
 This trusty squire, he had as well 
 As the bold Trojan kniiiht seen licit ; 
 Not with a counterfeited pass 
 Of golden bough, but true gold lace. Hudibras. 
 
 In Covent-garden did a taylor dwell. 
 Who might deserve a place in his own hell. 
 
 King's Cookery. 
 
 6. The infernal powers. 
 
 Much danger first, much toil did he sustain. 
 While Saul and hell crost his strong fate in vain. 
 
 Coidey. 
 
 7. It is used in composition by the old wri- 
 ters more than by the modern. 
 
 Hell-black, adj. Black as hell. 
 
 'I'he sea, with such a storm as his bare head 
 In hcll-lilack night endur'd, would liave boil'd up. 
 And quench'd the stelled fires. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 Hell-bred. adj. [hell and bred.] Pro- 
 duced in hell. 
 
 Heart cannot think what courage and what 
 cries. 
 With foul enfouldered smoak and flashing fire. 
 The hell-bred beast threw forth into the skies. 
 
 Spenser 
 
 Hell-broth, n.s. [hellmd broth.] A 
 composition boiled up for infernal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Adder's fork, and blind worm's sting. 
 Lizard's leg, and owlet's win^ ; 
 For a charm of powerful trouble. 
 Like a hcli-broth boil and bubble. Shakesp. Macb. 
 
 888
 
 II E L 
 
 Hell-doomed, adj. [hell and doom.] 
 Consigned to hell. 
 
 And reckon'sl tliou tliysclfwith spirits of Ir-^v'ii, 
 HeU-dojm'd! and breatli'st delianceuere mid scorn, 
 Where 1 reign'd king > Millnn. 
 
 Hell-governed, adj. Directed by hell. 
 
 Eartli gape open wide and eat liiiii qiiicl<, 
 As thou dost swallow up this good king's blood, 
 Whicli his hell-^(tvem'd arm hath butcher'd. Shak. 
 
 Hell-hated, adj. Abhorred like hell. 
 
 Back do I loss tliese treasons to thy head, 
 Witli tlie hell-hated lie o'erwhelm thy licart. Shak. 
 
 Hell-h.\unted. adj. [hell and haunt.] 
 Haunted by the devil. 
 
 Fierce Osmond clos'd nie lit the bleeding bark, 
 And bid me stand exposed to the bleak wiuils, 
 Bound to the faie of this htll-hmmted gruve.Dryi. 
 
 Hell-hound, n.s. [felle funb, Sa.\ ] 
 
 1. Dog of hell. 
 
 From forth the kennel of thy womb hath cre[*t 
 A hell-hound that doth iunit us all to death. Shak. 
 
 Now the hell-honnda with superior speed 
 Had reach'd the dame, and, fast'ning on her side. 
 The ground with issuing streams of purple dy'd. 
 
 Dyijden. 
 
 2. Agent of hell. 
 
 I cali'd 
 My hell-hounds to lick up the draff, and filth, 
 \\ hich man's polluting sin with taint had shed 
 On what was pure. Milton. 
 
 Hell-kite. n. s. [hell and kite.] Kite of 
 infernal breed. The term hell prefixed 
 to any word notes detestation. 
 
 Did you say all ? What all ? Oh, hell-kite '. all ? 
 What, all my Jjretty chickens, and their dam. 
 At one fell swoop ? Shahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 He'llebore. n. s. [helleborus, Lat.] 
 Christmas flower. 
 
 Hellebore White 
 A plant. 
 
 ■('here are great doubts whether any of its spe- 
 cies be the true hellebore of the ancients. Miller. 
 
 He'llenism. n.s. [!Win»io-//.o«.] A Greak 
 idom. Ainsworth. 
 
 He'llish. adj. [from hell.] 
 
 1 . Sent from hell ; belonging to hell. 
 
 O thou celestial or infernal spirit of love, or 
 what other heavenly or hellish title thou list to 
 have, for effects of both I find in myself, have 
 compassion of 'ne. Sidney. 
 
 "V^ictory and xriuraph to the Son of God, 
 Now entering his great duel, not of arms. 
 But to vanquish by wisdom hellish wiles Milton. 
 
 2. Having the qualities of hell ; infernal ; 
 wicked; detestable. 
 
 No benefits shall ever allay that diobolical ran- 
 cor that ferments in some hellish breasts, but that 
 it will foam out at its foul mouth in slander.Sini(/i. 
 He'llishly, adv. [from hellish.] Infer- 
 nally : wickedly ; detestably. 
 He'llishness. n.s. [from hellish.] Wick- 
 edness ; abhorred qualities. 
 HE'LLWARD.arfii.[from hell.] Toward hell. 
 Be next thy care the sable sheep to place 
 Full o'er the pit, and /iddrord turn their face. Pope. 
 Helm, denotes defence : as, Eadhelm hap- 
 py defence ; Sighelm victorious defence ; 
 Berthelm eminent defence ; like Amyn- 
 tasanA Boetius among the Greeks. 
 
 Gibson's Camden. 
 HELM, tt.s [Tpelm, Sax. from helan to co- 
 yer, to protect.] 
 1. A covering for the head in war ; a hel- 
 met; a morion ; an headpiece. 
 
 France spreads his banners in our noiseless land! 
 With plumed helm the slayer begins his threats. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Mnestheus lays hard load upon his helm. Dryd. 
 
 . n. s. [veratrum, Lat.] 
 
 H E L 
 
 2. The part of a coat of arms that bears 
 the crest. 
 
 More might be addcil of helms, crests, mantlrs, 
 and sujjportcrs. Camden s llcmains. 
 
 3. The upper part of the retort. 
 The vul[.;ar chemists tlieiusclves pretend to be 
 
 able, by rejjcated cohubations, and other fit ope- 
 rations, to make the <iistilled parts of a concrete 
 bring its own caput mortnum over the helm. Hoijlt'. 
 
 4. [Jpelma, Sax.] The steerage ; therudder. 
 They did not leave the helm, in storms ; 
 
 And such they are make happy stoics. Ben Jon^n. 
 
 More in prosperity is reason tost 
 Tliaa ships iu storms, their helms and ancliors lust. 
 
 Denham. 
 Fair occasioii sliews tbe springing gale, 
 And int'rest guides the helm, and honour swells 
 the sail. Prior. 
 
 5. The station of government, 
 
 I may be wronp in the means ; but that is no 
 objection anainsttlic design : let those at the helm 
 contrive it better. Swift. 
 
 6. In the following line it is difficult to 
 determine whether steersman or dtjhiflcr 
 is intended: 1 think stetrsman. 
 
 You slander 
 The helms o' th' state, who care for you like fa- 
 thers, 
 When you curse them as enemies. Shakesp. 
 
 To Helm. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 guide ; to conduct. Hanmer, 
 
 The very stream of his life, and the business he 
 hath helmed, must give him a better proclamation. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 He'lmed. adj. [from helm.'] Furnished 
 with a head-piece. 
 
 The helmed cherubim 
 Are seen iu glittering ranks with wings display'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 He'lmet, 71. s. [Probably a diminutive of 
 helm.] A helm ; ahead-piece; armour 
 for the head, 
 
 I saw him down ; thrice np again, and figliting ; 
 From helmet to the spur all bleeding o'er. Shakesp. 
 Sev'n darts are thrown at once, and some re- 
 bound 
 From his bright shield, some on his helmet sound. 
 
 Dryd en. 
 
 Helmi'nthick. adj. [from £^^(rG^.]" Re- 
 lating to worms. Diet, 
 
 To HELP. r. a. preter. helped, or holp ; 
 part, helpedy or holpcn, [JiUpanj Goth. 
 J^elpan, Sax.] 
 
 1 . To assist ; to support ; to aid. 
 
 Let us work as valiant men behoves ; 
 For boldest hearts good fortune helpeth. ovit.Fuiif. 
 
 O Lord, make haste to help me. Psalms. 
 
 God helped him against the Philistines. 2 Chron. 
 
 They helped them in all things with silver and 
 gold. _ " 1 Esdr. 
 
 A man reads his prayers out of a book, as a 
 means to help his uuderstajiding and direct his ex- 
 pressions. Stillingjieet. 
 
 2. It has, in familiar language, the particle 
 out, which seems to have meant, origi- 
 nally, out o/^ a difficulty. 
 
 This he conceives not hard to bring about. 
 If all of you should join to help Inm out. Dr^den. 
 
 What I otJ'er is so far irom doing any diskindness 
 to the cause these gentlemen are engaged in, that 
 it does them a real service, and helps thera oxit 
 with the main thing whereat they stuck. Woodiv. 
 
 Th? God of learning and of light. 
 Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. 
 
 3. To raise by help : with up. 
 Woe to hira tliat is alone when he fallelh ; for 
 
 he hath not another to help him up EccL iv. 10. 
 
 4. To enable to surmount : with orfr. 
 
 Wherever they are a. a stand, help them pre- 
 sently over the ditficulty without any rebuke. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 H E L 
 
 5. To remove by help: with off. 
 
 Having never learned any laudable manual art, 
 they have* recourse, to thoie fuoli&h or ill way*, in 
 Ube, to Ae/y^o/? tlieir time. Locke 
 
 6. To free from pain or vexation. 
 
 Help and ease them, but by no means bemoan 
 them. l^cke. 
 
 Obsolete. 
 
 7- To cure ; to heal : with of. 
 Love doth to her eyes repair, 
 To help hira ofWn blindness. SJiakesp. 
 
 8. It is used commonly before the disease. 
 
 The true calamus helps coughs. Gerard. 
 
 9. To remedy ; to change for the better. 
 
 Cease to lament for that thou can'st not help ; 
 And study help for that which thou laraent'st. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 10. To prevent ; to hinder. 
 Those few who reside among us, only because 
 
 they cannot help it. Surifi. 
 
 If they take olFence wlien we give none, it is a 
 thing we cannot help, and therefore the whole 
 blame nnist lie upon them. S-.indert, 
 
 It is a high point of ill nature to make sport 
 with any mans imperfections that he cannot 
 help. UEstrange. 
 
 Those closing skies may still continue bright ; 
 But who can help it, if you'll make it night. Drj/i/. 
 
 She, belwi.st hermodestv a;id pride. 
 Her wishes, which she could not help, would hide. 
 
 Drpder,. 
 
 It is reckoned ill manners for men to quarrel 
 Kpnn difference in opinion, because that is a thing 
 which no man can help la himself. Swift. 
 
 1 1 . To forbear ; to avoid. 
 He cannot help believing, that such things he 
 
 saw and heard. Attewury. 
 
 I cannothelp remarking the resemblance betwixt 
 him and our author in qualities, fame, and for- 
 tune. Pope. 
 
 12. To promote ; to forward. 
 
 And they helped forward the .ntflictive. Zech. 
 
 If you make the earth narrower at the bottom 
 than at the top, in fashion of a sugar-loaf reversed, 
 it will help the experiment. ^ Bacr.ru 
 
 13. To help to. To supply with; to fur- 
 nish with. 
 
 Whom they would help to a kingdom, those 
 reign; and whom again they would, they dis- 
 place, 1 Mac. viii. 13. 
 
 The man that is now with Tiresias can help him 
 to his oxen again. L' Estrange. 
 
 14. To present at table. 
 In plenty starving, tautaliz'd in state, 
 
 And complaisantly help\l to all I hate ; 
 
 Treated, caress'd, and tir'd, I takemy leavcPirpc, 
 
 To Help. v. n. 
 
 1. To contribute assistance. 
 
 Sir, how come it you 
 Have holp to make tliis rescue? Shakesp. 
 
 Discreet followers and servants help much td 
 reputation Bacon. 
 
 Rennet's grave look was a pretence, 
 And Danby's matcldess impudence 
 belp'd to support the knave. Dntden. 
 
 A generous present helps to persuade as well as 
 an agreeable person. Garth. 
 
 2. To bring a supply. 
 Some, w anting the talent to write, made it their 
 
 care that the actors sliould help out where the 
 muses failed. Rumer. 
 
 Help. n. s. [from the verb ; hulpcj Dut.] 
 1. Assistance ; aid ; support; succour. 
 
 Muleasses, despairing to recover the city, hard- 
 ly escaped his enemies bands by the good help of 
 his uncle. * Kiu^Ues. 
 
 He may be beholden to experience and acquired 
 notions, where he thinks he has not the least help 
 from them. lAnrke. 
 
 So great is tlie stupidity of some of those, that 
 they ma^> have no sense of the help administered 
 to them. Smalridgc. 
 
 887
 
 H E L 
 
 i. That which gives help. 
 
 Though these contrivances ircrease the power, 
 ^et they proportioiibbly protract the time ; tliat 
 which by such helps one man may do in a hundred 
 days, may be done by tlie immediate strength of 
 a hundred men in one fiiiy. Wilkins. 
 
 Virtue is a friend and an help to nature ; hut it 
 is vice and hixury that destroys it, and the dis- 
 eases of intemperance are the natural product of 
 tlie sins of intemperance. South. 
 
 Anotlier help St. Paul himself affords us towards 
 the attaining the true meaning contained in iiis 
 epistles. Locke. 
 
 3. That which forwards or promotes. 
 Coral is in use as an helj) to the teeth of chil- 
 dren. Bacon. 
 
 4. Remedy. 
 
 There is no help for it, but he must be taught 
 accordingly to comply with the faulty way of 
 writing. Holder on Speech. 
 
 He'lpeR. n.s. [from help.] 
 I . An assistant ; an auxiliary ; an aider ; 
 one that helps or assists. 
 There was not any left, nor any helper for Israel. 
 
 2 Kings. 
 We ought to receive such, that we might be 
 fellow helpers to the truth. 3 John, viii. 
 
 It is impossible for that man to despair who re- 
 members that his helper is omnipotent. 
 
 Taylor s Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 2. One that administers remedy. 
 
 Compassion, the mother of tears, is not always 
 a mere idle spectator, but an helper oftentimes of 
 evils. More. 
 
 3. One that supplies with any thing want- 
 ed : with to. 
 
 Heaven 
 Hath brought nie up to be your daugnter's dower. 
 As it hath fated her to be ray motive, 
 And helper to a husband. Shakesp. 
 
 4. A supernumerary servant. 
 
 I live in the corner of a vast unfurnished house : 
 my family consists of a steward, a groom, a helper 
 in the stable, a footman, and an old maid. Swift. 
 He'lpful. adj. [help andfull.] 
 
 1. Useful : that which gives assistance. 
 
 Let's fight with gentle words, 
 'Till time lend friends, and friends their helpful 
 swords. Shakesp. 
 
 He orders all tlie succours which they bring ; 
 The helpful and the good about him run. 
 And form an army. Dryden. 
 
 2. Wholesome ; salutary. 
 
 A skilful chymist can as well, by separation of 
 visible elements, draw helpful uiedicliies out of 
 poison, as poison out of the most healthful herbs. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 He'lpless. adj. [from help.'] 
 
 1. Wanting power to succour one's self. 
 
 One dire shot 
 Close by the board the prince's main-mast bore ; 
 All three now helpless by each other lie. Dryden. 
 Let our enemies rage ai.d persecute the poor 
 and the helpless ; but let it be our glory to be pure 
 and peaceable. Rogers. 
 
 2. Wanting support or assistance. 
 How shall I then your helpless fame defend ? 
 
 'Twill then be infamy to seem your friend. Pope. 
 
 3- Irremediable ; admitting no help. 
 Such helpless harms it's better hidden keep, 
 Than rip up grief, where it may not avaW. Spenser. 
 
 4. Unsupplied; void: with of. This is 
 
 , unusual, perhaps improper. 
 Naked he lies, and ready to expire, 
 Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden. 
 
 HE'LPLESSLY.flf/r. [from /if //?/««.] With- 
 out ability ; without succour. 
 
 He'lplessness. n.s. [from helpless] 
 Want of ability ; want of succour. 
 
 Helter-skelter, adv. [As Skinna- 
 fancies, from Jjeolj-cep j-ceabo the dark- 
 ness of hell ; hell, says he, being a place 
 
 H E M 
 
 of confusion.] In a hurry ; without or- 
 der ; tumultuously. 
 
 Sir John, I am thy Pistol, and thy friend ; 
 And helter-skelter have I rode to England, 
 And tidings do I bring. Shakesp. 
 
 He had no sooner turned his back but they were 
 at it hetter-skelterj throwing books at one another's 
 heads. L'Estrange. 
 
 Helve, n. s. [J5elpe, Sax.] The handle 
 of an axe. 
 
 The slipping of an axe from the helve, whereby 
 another is slain, was the work of God himself. 
 
 Raleigh^s History. 
 
 To Helve, v. a. [from the noun.] To fit 
 with a helve or handle. 
 
 Hem. n.s. [)3em. Sax.] 
 
 I . The edge of a garment doubled and 
 sewed to keep the threads from spread- 
 ing. 
 
 Rowlers must be made of even cloth, white and 
 gentle, without hem, seam, or thread hanging by. 
 
 li'iseman. 
 
 2. [Hemmen, Dut.] The noise uttered by 
 a sudden and violent expiration of the 
 breath. 
 
 I would try if 1 could cry hem, and have him. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He loves to clear his pipes in good air and is 
 not a little pleased with any one who takes notice 
 of the strength which he still exerts in his morning 
 hems. Addison. 
 
 3. Interj. Hem ! [Lat.] 
 To Hem. v. a. 
 
 1. To close the edge of cloth by a hem or 
 double border sewed together, 
 
 2. To border; to edge. 
 
 All the skirt about 
 Was henid with golden fringe. Fairy Q. 
 
 3. To enclose ; to environ ; to confine ; to 
 shut: perhaps alwaj's with a particle: 
 as, in, about, round. 
 
 Along the slioar of silver streaming Thames, 
 Whose rushy hank, the whiclr his river hems Spen. 
 
 So of either side, stretching itself in a narrow 
 length, was it hemmed in by woody hills, as if in- 
 deed nature had meant therein to make a place 
 for beholders. Sidney. 
 
 What lets us then the great Jerusalem 
 With valiant squadrons round about to hem?Fairf. 
 
 Why, Neptune, hast thou made us stand alone. 
 Divided from the world for this, say they ; 
 Hemnidin to be a spoil to tyranny, 
 Leavi[ig affliction hence no way to fly ? Daniel. 
 
 I Imrry me in haste away. 
 And find his honour in a pound, 
 Hemnid by a triple circle round, 
 Chequer'd with ribbons, blue and green Pope. 
 
 To Hem. v.n. [hemmen, Dut.] To uttera 
 noise by violent expulsion of the breath. 
 
 He'micrany. n.s. [?^ii7u half, and x^aHOK 
 the skull or head ] A pain that affects 
 only one part of the head at a time.Qi<i?j. 
 
 He'micycle. n.s. [i^^lttlx^©'.] A half 
 round. 
 
 He'mina. n.s. An ancient measure: now 
 used in medicine to signify about ten 
 ounces in measure. Quinci/. 
 
 He'MIPLEGY. n. s. [riiuav half, and ■nxiiiraii 
 to strike or seize.] A palsy, or any ner- 
 vous affection relating thereunto, that 
 seizes one side at a time; some partial 
 disorder of the nervous system. 
 
 HEMISPHERE, n. s. [V'o-<P«^e'»» ; hemi- 
 sphere, Fr.] The half of a globe when 
 it is supposed to be cut through its centre 
 in the plane of one of its greatest circles. 
 
 HEM 
 
 That place is earth, the seat of man : that light 
 I4isday, which else, as th' other hemisphere, 
 Kight would invade. Milton* 
 
 A hill 
 Of Paradise, the highest from whose top 
 The hemisphere of eartii, in clearest ken 
 Stretch'd out to th' amplest reach of prospect lay. 
 
 Miltcn. 
 
 The sun is more powerful in tlie northern /(emi- 
 sphere, and in the apogeum j for therein his motion 
 is slower. Brown. 
 
 In open prospect nothing bounds our eye, 
 Until the earth seems join'd unto the sky ; 
 So in this hemisphere our utmost view 
 Is only bounded by our king and you. Dryden. 
 
 Hemisphe'rical. ) adj, [from hemi- 
 Hemisphe'rick. j sphere,] Half 
 round; containing half a globe. 
 
 The thin fihn of water swells above the surface 
 of the water it swims on, and coinmouly consti- 
 tutes hemispherical bodies with it. Boyle* 
 
 A pyrites, placed in the cavity of another of an 
 hemispherick tigure, in much the same manner as 
 an acorn in its cup. ]\'oodu-ard. 
 
 He'mistick. n.s, [V*s'*%*°*'i hemistiche, 
 Fr.] Half a verse. 
 
 He broke off" in the hemistich, or midst of the 
 verse ; but seised, as it were, with a dtvine fury, 
 he made up the latter part ofthe hemistick. Dryd, 
 
 He'mlock. w. s. [J)timloc, Sax.] An herb. 
 
 'J"he leaves are cut into many mhiute segments ; 
 the petals ofthe flower are bifid, heart-shaped, 
 and unequal : the flower is succeeded by two 
 short channeled si^eds. One sort is sometimes 
 used in medicine, though it is noxious ; but the 
 hemlock of the ancients, which was such deadly 
 poison^ is generally supposed different. Miller. 
 
 He was met even now, 
 Crown'd with rank furaiter and furrow-weeds, 
 With hardocks, hemlock. Shakesp. K. Lear. 
 
 We cannot with certainty affirm, that no man 
 can be nourished by wood or stones, or that all 
 men will be poisoned by hemlock. Locke. 
 
 He'morrhage. 
 He'morrhagy. 
 lent flux of blood. 
 
 Great hemorrh a gy succeeds the separation. Ray. 
 
 Twenty days fasting will not diminish its quan- 
 
 tit}- so much as one great hemorrhage. Arbuthnot. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS, n.s. [Hlp^ofpir, he- 
 morrhoids, Fr.] The piles ; the emrods. 
 
 1 got the hemorrhoids. Sivifi. 
 
 He'morrhoidal. adj. [hemorrhoidal, 
 Fr. from hemorrhoids.] Belonging to 
 the veins in the fundament. 
 
 Besides there are hemorrhages from the nose 
 and hemorrhoidal veins, and fluxes of rheum. fiay. 
 
 Embost upon the field a battle stood 
 Of leeches, spouting hemorrhoidal blood. Garth. 
 
 HEMP. n.s. [)5aenep, Sax. hampe, Dut. 
 cannabis.] A fibrous plant of which 
 coarse linen and ropes are made. 
 
 It hath digitated leaves opposite to one another: 
 the flowers have no visible petals ; it is male and 
 female in difl'erent plants. Its bark is useful for 
 cordage and cloth. Miller. 
 
 Let gallows go for dog ; let man go free, 
 And let not hemp his windpipe sulFocate.i'fta/cwy). 
 
 Hemp and flax are commodities that deserve 
 encouragement, both for their usefulness and pro- 
 fit. Mortimer. 
 
 Hi-MV Agrimony, n.s. A plant. 
 
 The connnon hemp agnmony is found wild by 
 ditches and sides of rivers. MilUr. 
 
 Hempen, adj. [from hemp.] Made o' 
 hemp. 
 
 In foul reproach of knighthood's fair decree, 
 AdouI his neck a hempen rope he wears. Fairy Q. 
 
 Behold 
 Ujion the /lempen tackle ship-boys climbing.SAafc. 
 
 888 
 
 E. 7 n. J. [aiftcf'payia ; he- 
 {. j morragie, Fr.] A vio-
 
 I 
 
 HEN 
 
 Yc shall have a hempo caudle then, and the 
 helj) of a hatchet. Shakesp. 
 
 Itwilch'd his dangling garter from his knee ; 
 He wist not wiien the hempen string 1 drew, Oay. 
 
 HEN. n. s. [fenne. Sax. and Dut. han. 
 Germ, a cock.] I 
 
 1. The female of a hotise-cock. 
 '2. The female of any land fowl. 
 
 The peacock, pheasant, and goldfinch cocks 
 liave glorious colours ; the hens have not. Bac(^n. 
 
 Whilst the heji bird is covering her eggs, the 
 male generally takes his stand upon a neighbour- 
 ing bough within her hearing, and by that means 
 diverts her with his songs during the whole time 
 of her sitting. Addison, 
 
 O'er the trackless waste 
 The heath hen flutters. Thomson. 
 
 Hen-driver, w. s. [hen and driver.'] 
 A kind of hawk. 
 
 The hen-driver I forbear to name. Walton. 
 
 Hen HARM. i n. s. A kind of kite. 
 
 Hen-h.\rrier. j Ainsivorth. So call- 
 ed probably from destroying chickens. 
 
 Pt/gwg)is. 
 
 Hen-hearted, adj. [hen and heart.] 
 Dastai'dly ; cowardly ; like a hen. A 
 low word. 
 
 Henpecked, adj. [hen and pecked.] 
 Governed by the wife. 
 
 A stepciame too I have, a cursed she. 
 Who rules my hen-pecked sire, and orders me. 
 , Dryden. 
 
 The neighbours reported that he was hen-pecked, 
 which was impossible, by such a mild-spirited 
 woman as his wife. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Hen-roost. 71. s. [hen and roost.] The 
 place where the poultry rest. 
 
 ]\Iany a poor devii stands to a whipping post 
 for the pilfering cf a silver spoon, or the robbing 
 of a hen-roost. VEstrange. 
 
 Her house is frequented by a company of rogues, 
 whom she encourageth to rob his hen-roosts. Swift. 
 
 If a man prosecutes gypsies with severity, his 
 hen-Toost is sure to pay for it. Addison. 
 
 They oft have sally 'd out to pillage 
 The hen-roosts of some peaceful village. Tickelt. 
 
 Henbane, n.s. [hyoscyomus, Lat.] A 
 plant. 
 
 It is very often found growing upon the sides 
 of banks and old dunghills. This is a very 
 poisonous |)lant. " Miller. 
 
 That to which old Socrates was curs'd. 
 Or henbane juice, to swell 'em 'till they burst. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 He'nbit. n.s. [Alsinefoliis hederaceis.] 
 A plant. 
 
 In a scarcity in Silesia a rumour was spread of 
 its raining railletseed ; but it was found to be only 
 the seeds of the ivy-leaved speedwell, or small 
 henbit. Derham's Phys. Theology. 
 
 HENCE, adv. or interj. [Jjeonan, Sax. 
 hennes, old English.] 
 
 1. From this place to another. 
 Discharge my follow'rs ; let them hence away. 
 
 From Richard's night to Bolingbroke'sfair day. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Th' Almighty hath not built 
 Here for his envy ; will not drive us hence. MHt. 
 
 A sullen prudence dre"* thee hence 
 From noise, fraud, and im[tertinence. liosconwion. 
 
 2. Away ; to a distance. A word of 
 command. 
 
 Be not found here ; hence with your little ones. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Hence with denial vain, and coy excuse. Mitt. 
 
 3. At a distance ; in other places. Not 
 in use. 
 
 Why should 1 then be false, since it is true 
 That Imnst die here, and live hence by Unth.Shak. 
 
 All members of our cause, both here and hence, 
 That are insinewed to this action. Shukcsp. 
 
 Vox. I. 
 
 H E N 
 
 4. From this time ; in the future. 
 
 He who can reasojl well to-day about one sort uf 
 matters, cannot at all reason to-day about others, 
 though |)crha|i3 a year hence he may. Locke. 
 
 Let not posterity a thousand years henceUiok for 
 truth hi the voluminous annals of pedants. Arbuth. 
 
 5. For this reason ; in consequence of this. 
 
 Hence perliaps it is, that Solomon calls tlie fear 
 
 of the Lord the beginning of wisdom. TilUitsim. 
 
 G. From this cause ; from this ground. 
 
 By too stri)iig a projectile motion the aliment 
 
 tends to putrefaction : hence may be deduced the 
 
 force of e.\ercisc in helping digestion. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 7. From this source ; from this original ; 
 from this store. 
 
 My Flora was my sun ; for as 
 One sun, so but one Flora was ; 
 All other faces borrowed hence 
 Their lisht and grace, as stars do thence. Suckling. 
 
 8. From hence is a viciotis expression, 
 which crept into use even among good 
 authors, as the original force of the 
 word hence was gradually forgotten. 
 Hence signifies /row this. 
 
 An ancient author prophesy 'd from hence. 
 Behold on Latian shores a foreign prince ! Dryden. 
 To Hence, i'. a. [from the adverb.] To 
 send off ; to dispatch to a distance. Ob- 
 solete. 
 
 Go, bawling cur ! thy hungry maw go fill ■ 
 On yon foul flock, belonging not to me ; 
 With that his dog he henc d, his flock he curs'd. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Henceforth, adv. [JienonpopB, Sax.] 
 From this time forward. 
 
 Thanes and kinsmen. 
 Henceforth be earls. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Never henceforth shall I joy again ; 
 Never, oh never, sliall I see more joy. Shakesp. 
 Happier thou may'st be, worthier can'st not be ; 
 Taste this, and be henceforth among the gods. 
 Thyself a goddess. Milton. 
 
 I never from thy side henceforth will stray, 
 'Till day droop. Milton. 
 
 If we treat gallant soldiers in this sort, 
 Who then henceforth to our defence will come ? 
 
 Dr\]dai. 
 
 Hencefo'rward. adv. [hence and for- 
 ward.] From this time to all futurity. 
 
 Hencpfoncard will I bear 
 Upon my target three fair shining suns. Shakesp. 
 
 Pardon, I beseech you ; 
 Hencfj'orward I am ever rul'd by you. Shakesp. 
 The royal academy will admit henceforward only 
 such who are endued with good qualities. Dryden. 
 He'nchman. n. s. [fync a servant, and 
 man, Skinner ; Jjenjj-t: a horse, and 
 man, Spelman.] A page ; an attendant. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Why should Titania cross her Oberon . 
 I do but beg a little changeling boy. 
 To be my henchman. Shakesp. 
 
 Three henchmen were for ev'ry knight assign'd, 
 AH in rich livery clad, and of a kind. Dryden. 
 To Hend. v. a. [})enban. Sax. from 
 hendo, low Lat. which seems borrowed 
 from hand or hand, Teutonick.] 
 
 1. To seize ; to lay holtl on. 
 
 ^Vitk that the sergeants hent tlie young man stout 
 And bound him likewise in a wortliiess chain, t'oirf, 
 
 2. To crowd ; to surround. Perhaps the 
 following passage is corrupt, and should 
 be read hemmed ; or it may mean to take 
 possession. 
 
 The generous and gravest citizens 
 Have hent the gates, and very near upon 
 The duke is entering. Shakesp. 
 
 HeNDE'cAGON. 71. S. ptJixa and 7»;n'a.] 
 
 A figure of eleven sides or angles. 
 
 HER 
 
 Hens-feet. n.s. [fumiaria sepium.] 
 
 Hedge ftimitory. 
 Hepa'tical. I adj. [hepaticus, L;it. he- 
 Hepa'tick. / pali<jxu,VT.i'romr,Trti^.] 
 Belonging to the liver. 
 
 If the evacuated blo<jd be florid, it is stomach 
 
 blood ; if red and copious, it is hepatick. Harvey. 
 
 The cy»tick gall is thick, and intensely bitter; 
 
 the hepatick gall is more fluid, and not so bitter. 
 
 Arhuthnnt on Aliments. 
 
 Heps. n. s. Hawthorn berries: com- 
 monly written hips. Ai7i.iworth. 
 
 In hard Winters there is observed great plenty 
 of lieps and liaws, which preserve the small birds 
 from starving. Bacon. 
 
 Heptaca'psular. adj. [iV1« and c<z/(- 
 siila.] Having seven cavities or cells. 
 
 HEPTAGON, n.s. [heptagone, Vr.Wia. 
 and 7»)yi«.] A figure with seven sides 
 or angles. 
 
 IIepta'gonal. adj. [from heptagon.] 
 Having seven angles or sides. 
 
 He'ptarchy. n.s. heplarchie, Fr. ttsra, 
 and af%>!.] A sevenfold government. 
 
 In the Saxon heptarchy I find little noted of 
 arms, albeit the Germans, of whom they de- 
 scended, used shields. Camden. 
 England began not to be a people, when Alfred 
 reduced it into a monarchy ; for the materiaU 
 thereof were extant before, namely, under the 
 heptarchy. Hale's Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 The next returning planetary hour 
 Of Mars, who shar'd the heptarchy of pow*r, 
 His stejis bold Arcite to the temple bent. Dryden. 
 
 Her. pron. [fejia, fep, in Sax. stood 
 for their, or of them, which at length 
 became the female possessive.] 
 
 1 . Belonging to a female ; of a she ; of a 
 woman. 
 
 About his neck 
 A green and gilded snake had wreath'd itself. 
 Who with her head, nimble in threats, approach'd 
 The opening of his mouth. Sliak. Ai you like it. 
 
 Still new favourites she chose, 
 'Till up in arras my passion rose, 
 And cast away her yoke. Cowley. 
 
 One month, tliree days, and half an hour, 
 .Tudith held the sov'reii^n pow'r ; 
 
 Wond'rous beautiful her face , 
 But so weak and small her wit. 
 That she to govern were unfit, 
 
 And so Susanna took her place. Cowley. 
 
 2. The oblique case of she. 
 
 England is so idly king'd. 
 Her sceptre so fantastically borne. 
 That fears attend her nut. Sliakesp. Henry 
 
 She cannot seem deform'd to nie. 
 And I would have her seem to others so. Cotcley. 
 
 Ihe moon arose clad o'er in light. 
 With thousand stars attending on /icr train ; 
 AVith her they rise, witli hrr they set again. 
 
 Cowley. 
 Should I be left, and thou be lost, the sea. 
 That bury'd her I lov'd, should bury me. Dryden. 
 
 Hers, pronoun. This is used when it re- 
 fers to a substantive going before : as, 
 such are her charms, such charms as 
 
 hers. 
 
 This pride of hers, 
 Upon advice, hath drawn my love from her. Shak, 
 
 Thine own unworthiness. 
 Will still that thou art mine not hers confess. Coiru 
 
 Some secret charm did all her acts attend. 
 And what his fortune wanted, /irrs could mend. 
 
 Dryden. 
 I bred you up to arms, rais'd you to power. 
 Indeed to save a crown, not Iters but yours. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 HERALD, n. s. [herault, Fr. herald. 
 Germ.] 
 
 5X 
 
 889
 
 HER 
 
 1. An officer whose business it is to re- 
 gister genealogies, adjust ensigns armo- 
 rial, regulate funerals, and anciently to 
 carry messages between princes, and 
 proclaim war and peace. 
 
 May none, whose scalter'd names honour ray 
 book, 
 For sti'ict degrees of rank or title look ; 
 'Tis 'gainst the manners of an epigram, 
 And t a poet here, no herald am. Ben Jivison. 
 
 Wlien time shall serve let but the herald cry. 
 And I'll ap|)ear again. Shakesp King Lear. 
 
 Embassador of peace, if peace you chuse ; 
 Or herald of a war, if you refuse. Dryden. 
 
 Please thy pride, ana search the herald's roll, 
 Where thou shalt find thy famous pedigree. Dryd. 
 
 2. A precursor ; a forerunner ; a har- 
 binger. 
 
 It is tile part of men to fear and tremble, 
 When the most mighty gods, by tokens, send 
 Such dreadful heralds to astonish us. Shakesp. 
 
 Il was the lark, the herald of tlic morn. Shak. 
 
 3. A proclaimer ; a publisher. 
 After my death I wish no other herald, 
 
 No other speaker of my living actions, 
 But such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak. 
 To He'rald. i;. a. [from the noun.] To 
 introduce as by an herald. A word not 
 used. 
 
 We are sent from our royal master. 
 Only tu herald thee into his sight. 
 Not pay thee. Shakesp. 
 
 He'raldry. n.s. [heraulderie. Ft. &om 
 herald] 
 
 1. The art or office of a herald. 
 
 I am writing of heraldry. Peacham. 
 
 Grant her, besides, of noble blood that ran 
 In ancient veins, ere heraldry began. Dryden. 
 
 2. Registry of genealogies. 
 
 'Twas no false heraldry when madness drew 
 Her pedigree from those who too much knew. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 3. Blazonry. 
 
 Metals may blazon common beauties ; she 
 Makes pearls and planets humble ftern/dry.C/eayeZ. 
 
 HERB. n. s. [herbe, Fr. herba, Lat.] 
 
 Herbs are those plants whose stalks are soft. 
 And have nothing woody in them ; as grass and 
 liemlock. Locke. 
 
 In such a night 
 Medea gather'd the enclianted herbs 
 I'hat did renew old .^ison. Shakesp. 
 
 With sweet smelling herbs 
 Espoused Eve deck'd first her nuptial bed. Milton. 
 
 Unhapp3", from whom still conceal'd does lie 
 Of /ier6s and roots the harmless luxury. Cowley. 
 
 If the leaves are of chief vise to us, then we call 
 them herbs ; as sage and mint. Watts's Logick. 
 
 Hcrb-eaimg animals, which don't ruminate, 
 have strong grinders, and chew much. 
 
 ArbiUhnot on Aliments. 
 
 Herb Christopher, or Baneberries. n. s. 
 
 A plant. 
 Herbaceous, adj. [from herba, Lat.] 
 
 1. Belonging to herbs. 
 
 Ginger is the root of neither tree nor trunk ; 
 but an herbaceous plant, resembling the water 
 fiower-de-luce. Brown. 
 
 2. Feeding on vegetables: perhaps not 
 properly. 
 
 Their teeth are fitted to their food ; the rapa- 
 cious to catching, holding, and tearing their prey ; 
 the herbaceous to gathering and comminution of 
 vegetables. Derhain. 
 
 He'rbage. n. s. [herbage, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Ilerbs collectively ; grass ; pasture. 
 
 Rucks lie cover'd with eternal snow ; 
 Thin herbage in the plains, and fruitless fields. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 At the time the deluge came, the earth was loaded 
 
 with herbage, and thronged with animals. Woodw. 
 
 2. The tythe and the right of pasture. Ain. 
 
 HER 
 
 He'rbal. n. s. [from herb.] A book 
 containing the names and description of 
 plants. 
 
 We leave the description of plants to herbals 
 and other like books of natural history. Bacon. 
 
 Such a plant will not be found in the herbal of 
 nature. Broion. 
 
 As for the medicinal uses of plants, the large 
 herbals are ample testimonies thereof. More. 
 
 Our herbaU are sufficiently stored with plants. 
 
 Baker. 
 He'rbalist. n. s. [from herbal.] A 
 man skilled in herbs. 
 
 Herbalists have distinguished them, naming ihat 
 
 the male whose leaves are lighter, and fruit 
 
 rounder. ^ Brown. 
 
 He'rbar. n. s. [A word, I believe, only 
 
 to be found in Spenser.] Herb ; plant. 
 
 The roof hereof was arched over head. 
 And deck'd with flowers and herbars daintily. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 He'rbarist. m. s. [herbarius, from 
 herba, Lat.] One skilled in herbs. 
 
 Herbarists have exercised a commendable cu- 
 riosity in subdividing plants of the same derionii- 
 natioii. Boyle. 
 
 He was loo ranch swayed by the opinions then 
 current amongst herbarists, that ditTerent colours, 
 or multiplicity of leaves in the flower, were suffi- 
 cient to constitute a specifick ditference. Bay. 
 
 As to the fuci, their seed hath been discovered 
 and shewed me first by an ingenious hcrbarist. Der. 
 He'rbelet. n. s. [Dimintitive of herb, 
 or of herbula, Lat.] A small herb. 
 
 These herbelets, which we upon you strow. Shak. 
 
 Herbe'scent. adj. [herbescens, Lat.] 
 Growing into herbs. 
 
 He'rbid. adj. [kerbidus, Lat.] Cover- 
 ed with herbs. 
 
 He'rbori.st. h. s. [from hei-b.] One 
 curious in herbs. This seems a mis- 
 take for herbarist. 
 
 A curious herborist has a plant, whose flower 
 perishes in about an hour. Hay. 
 
 He'rborough. n. s. [herberg. Germ.] 
 Place of temporary residence. Now 
 written harbour. 
 
 The German lord, when he went out of New- 
 gate into the cart, took order to have his arms set 
 up in ills last herborough. Ben Jonson. 
 
 He'rbous. adj. [herbosus, Lat.] Abound- 
 ing with herbs. 
 
 He'rbulent. adj. If vom herbula.] Con- 
 taining herbs. Diet. 
 
 He'rbwo.man. n. s. [herb and looman.] 
 A woman that sells herbs. 
 
 I was like to be pulled to pieces by brewer, 
 butcher, and baker; even my herbuoman dunned 
 me as I went along. ArbiUhnot. 
 
 He'rby. adj. [from herb.] Having the 
 nature of herbs. 
 
 No substance but earth, and the procedures of 
 earth, as tile and stone, yieldeth any moss or 
 herhy substance. Bacon. 
 
 HERD. M.S. [Jieopb, Sax.] 
 
 1. A number of beast together. It is pe- 
 culiarly applied to black cattle. Flocks 
 and herds are sheep and oxen or kine. 
 
 Note a wild and wanton herd. 
 Or race of youthful and unhandled colls, 
 Fetching mad bounds. Shakesp. 
 
 There find a herd of heifers, wand'ring o'er 
 The neighbouring hill, and drive them to the shore. 
 
 Addison, 
 
 2. .\ company of men, in contempt or 
 detestation. 
 
 Survey the world, and where one Cato shines. 
 
 Count a degenerate herd of Catilines. Dryden. 
 
 I do not^remeinber where ever God delivered 
 
 HER 
 
 his oracles by the multitude, or nature truth by 
 the herd. Locke. 
 
 3. It anciently signified a keeper of c^tle, 
 and in Scotland it is still used. [J'ynb, 
 Sax.] A sense still retained in conipo> 
 sition : as, goatherd. 
 
 To Herd. v.n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To run in herds or companies. 
 
 Weak women should, in danger, herd like deer. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 It is the nature of indigency, like common dan- 
 ger, to endear men to one another, and make them 
 herd toj^ether, like fellow-sailors in a storm. Norrii. 
 
 2. To associate; to become one of any 
 number or party. 
 
 I'll herd among his friends, and seem 
 One of the number. Addisons Cato, 
 
 Run to towns, to herd with knaves and fools. 
 And undistinguish'd pass among the crowd. TKa/s/t. 
 
 To Herd. v. a. To throw or put into an 
 herd. 
 
 The rest, 
 However great we are, honest and valiant. 
 Are herded with tlie vulgar. Ben Jonson's Cataline. 
 
 He'rdgroom. n.s. [herd and gi-oom.] 
 A keeper of herds. Not in use. 
 
 But who shall judge the wager won or lost ? 
 That shall yonder herdgroom, and none other. Spen. 
 
 He'rdman. f n. s. [herd and man.] 
 He'rdsman. f One employed in tend- 
 ing herds : formerly, an owner of herds. 
 
 A herdsman rich, of much account was he. 
 In whom no evil did reign, or good appear. Sidiiey, 
 
 And you, enchantment. 
 Worthy enough a herdsman, if e'er thou 
 These rural latches to his entrance open, 
 I will devise a cruel death for thee. Shakesp. 
 
 Scarce themselves know how to hold 
 A sheephook, or have learn 'd ought else the least 
 That to the faithful herdman's art belongs. Milton. 
 
 There oft the Indian fteiY/smiiii, shunning heat. 
 Shelters in cuol and tends his pasturing- herds 
 At loop-holes cut through thickest shade. Milton. 
 
 So stands a Thracian herdsman with his spear 
 Full in the gap, and hopes the hunted hear. Dryd. 
 
 The herdsman, round 
 The chearful fire, provoke his health in goblets 
 crown'd. Dryden. 
 
 When their herdsmen could not agree, they 
 parted by consent. Locke. 
 
 HERE. adr. [ftp. Sax. hier, Dut.] 
 
 1 . In this place. 
 
 Before they here approach, 
 Old Siward, with ten'thousand warlike men, 
 All ready at a point, was setting forth. Shakesp. 
 
 1, upcjn my frontiers here. 
 Keep residence. Milton. 
 
 Here Nature first begins 
 
 Her farthest verge. Milton. 
 
 How wretched does Prometheus' state appear. 
 
 While he his second mis'ry sutlers here! Cowley, 
 
 i'o-day is ours, we have it here. Cowky. 
 
 2. In the present state. 
 
 Thus shall you be happy here, and more happy 
 hereafter. Bacon. 
 
 3. It is used in making an offer or attempt. 
 Then here's for earnest 
 
 Tis finish'd. Dryden. 
 
 4. In drinking a health. 
 
 Here's to thee, Dick. Cowley. 
 
 However, friend /lire's to the king, one cries ; 
 
 To him who was the king, the friend replies. Prier. 
 
 5. It is often opposed to there ; in one 
 place, distinguished from another. 
 
 Good-night ; mine eyes do itch ; 
 Doth that bode weeping ? 
 —'lis neither /lere nor l/iere. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 We are come to see thee fight, to see thee foigne, 
 to see thee traverse, to see thee here, ti- see thee 
 there. Skakesp. 
 
 Then this, then that man's aid, they crave, 
 implore ; 
 Post here for help, seek there their followers. Ian. 
 
 1 would have in the heath some thickets made 
 
 C90
 
 only of sweet-briar and honey-suckle, and some 
 wild vine amongst ; and the ground set with vio- 
 lets ; for these are sweet, and prosper in tlie -.hade; 
 and these to be in the heath here and there, not 
 in order. Bacon. 
 
 The devil might perhaps, by inward sugges- 
 tioiis, have drawn in here and there a sinele pro- 
 selyte. Gotenvnent if the Tongue. 
 
 Your citv, after the dreadful lire, was rebuilt, 
 not presently, by raising continued streets ; but 
 ■«t first here a house, antl there a house,_ to which 
 others by degrees were joined. Spratt's ikrmojis. 
 
 He tliat rides post through a coum 
 able to give some loose description of here a moun- 
 tain and there a plain, liere a morass and there a 
 river, woodland in one part, and savanas in an- 
 other. Locke. 
 6. Here seems, in the following passage, 
 to mean this place. 
 
 Bid them farewel, Cordelia, though unkind ; 
 Hou losest htre, a better where to find. Shakesp. 
 
 Hereabo'ut. adv. [here and about.] 
 About this place. 
 
 I saw hereabouts nothing remarkable, except 
 Augustus's bridge. Adtlison on Italy. 
 
 Hrkea'fter. adv. [here and after.] 
 I. In time to come; in futurity. 
 
 How worthy he is, I will leave to appear here- 
 after, rather than story him in his own hearing. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The grand-child, with twelve sons increas'd, 
 departs 
 From Canaan, to a land hereafter call'd 
 Egypt. Millon. 
 
 Hereafter he from war shall come, 
 And bring his Trojans peace. Dryden. 
 
 "2. In a future state. 
 
 You shall be happy here, and more happy 
 
 hereafter. Bacon. 
 
 Herea'fter. n. s. A future state. This 
 
 is a figurative noun, not to be used but 
 
 in poetry. 
 
 'Tis the divinity that stirs within us ; 
 Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter, 
 And intimates eternity to man. Addi&ons Cato. 
 
 I still shall wait 
 Some new hereafter, and a future state. Prior. 
 Herea't. adv. [here and at.] At this. 
 One man coming to the tribune, to receive his 
 donative, with a garland in his hand, the tribune 
 offended hereat, demanded what this singularity 
 could mean ? Hooker, 
 
 Hereby', adv. [here andbt/.] By this. 
 
 Li what estate the fathers rested, which were 
 dead before, it is not hereby either one way or 
 other determined. Hooker. 
 
 Hereby the i\Ioors are not excluded by beauty, 
 there being in this description no consideration of 
 colours. Broun. 
 
 The acquisition of truth is of infinite concern- 
 ment : hereby we become acquainted with the na- 
 ture of things. Watts. 
 
 Here'ditable. adj. [hxrcs, Lat.] What- 
 ever may be occupied as inheritance. 
 
 Adam being neither a monarch, nor his imagi- 
 nary monarchy hereditable, the power which is 
 now in the world is not that which vvas Adam's. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 He'reditament. U.S. [hceredlnm, Lat.] 
 A law term denoting inheritance, or he- 
 reditary estate. 
 HEREDITARY, adj. [hereditaire, Fr. 
 hereditarius, Lat.] Possessed or claim- 
 ed by right of inheritance ; descending 
 by inheritance. 
 
 To thee and thine, hereditary ever, 
 Remain this ample third of our fair kindom.SAu^. 
 
 These old fellows 
 Have their ingratitude in them hereditary. Shakesp. 
 
 lie shall ascend 
 The throne hereditary, and bound his reign 
 With earth's wide bcuuds, his glory with the 
 heavens. Milton. 
 
 HER HER 
 
 Thus while the mute creation downward bend 
 Their sight, and to their earthly mother tend, 
 Man ln"ks alofl, and with erected eyes 
 Beholds his own hereditary skies. Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 When heroic verse his youtli shall raise. 
 And form it to hereditaria "praise. Dryden's Vrrf^t. 
 
 Hereditarily, adv. [i'rom hereditary.] 
 By inheritance. 
 
 Here is another, who thinks one of the peatcst 
 glories of his father was to have distinguished and 
 loved vou, and who loves you hereditarily. I'ope. 
 try may be HEREIN, adv. [here and in. \ In this. 
 
 How highly soever it may please them with 
 words of truth to extol sermons, they shall not 
 herein otfend us. _ Hooker. 
 
 My best endeavours shall be done herein- Shah. 
 
 Since truths, absolutely necessary to salvation, 
 are so clearly revealed that we caimol err in them, 
 unless we be notoriously wanting to ourselves, 
 Ticrein the fault of the judgment is resolved into 
 a precedent default in the will. South 
 
 Herei'nto. adv. [here and into.] Into 
 this. 
 
 Because the point about which we strive is the 
 quality of our laws, our first entraiice hereinto 
 cannot better be made than with consideration of 
 the nature of law in general. Hooker. 
 
 Hereof, adv. [here and of .] From this ; 
 of this. 
 
 Hereof comes it that prince Harry is valiant. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Hereo'n. adv. [hei-e and on,] Upon 
 
 this. 
 
 If we should strictly insist hereon, the possibility 
 might fall into question. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Hereo'ut. adv. [here and out.] 
 
 1. Out of this place. 
 
 A bird all white, well feather'd on each wing, 
 Here-out up to the throne of God did ily. Spenser. 
 
 2. All the words compounded of here and 
 a preposition, except hereafter, are ob- 
 solete, or obsolescent; never used in 
 poetry, and seldom in prose, by elegant 
 writers, though perhaps not unworthy 
 to be retained. 
 
 Heremi'tical. adj. [It should be writ- 
 ten eremilicul, from eremite, of s^ti/.t®' a 
 desart ; heremitique, Fr.] Solitary ; 
 suitable to a hermit. 
 
 You describe so well your heremiticat state of 
 life, thai none of the ancient anchorites could go 
 beyond you for a cave in a rock. Pope. 
 
 He'resy. n,s. [hiresie, Fr.ha'resis, Lat. 
 aiot<7i;.] An opinion of private men 
 ditferent from that of the catholick and 
 orthodo.x church. 
 
 Hiresy prevaileth only by a counterfeit shew of 
 reason, whereby notwitiistanding it becometh in- 
 vincible, unless it be convicted of fraud by mani- 
 fest remnnstrance clearly true, and unable to be 
 withstood. Hooker. 
 
 As for speculative heresies, they work miglitily 
 upon men's wits ; yet do not produce great alter- 
 ations in states. Bacon. 
 
 Let the truth of tliat religion I profess be re- 
 presented to her judgment, not in the odious dis- 
 guises of levity, schism, heresy, novelty, cruelty, 
 and disloyalty. King Charles. 
 
 He'resiar(:h. n. s. [hercsiarque, Fr. 
 ai^io-K a?x»i.] -V leader in heresy ; the 
 head of a herd of hereticks. 
 
 The pope declared him not only an herelick, 
 but an hercsiarch. Stillingjiect. 
 
 HE'RETICK. H. s. [hcretiqm, Fr. 
 
 ai^iTixo;.] 
 1. One who propagates his private opi- 
 nions in opposition to the catholick 
 church. 
 ^^These things would be prevented, if no known 
 
 H E R 
 
 htretick or scliismatick be suffereH to go into those 
 countries. BflC"n 
 
 No Iiereticks desire to spread 
 Their wild opinions like these Epicures. Datia. 
 
 Bellarmni owns, that he has quoted a herctkk 
 instead of a father. Baker on Learning. 
 
 When a Papist uses the word hereticks, he .ene- 
 rally means proteslants; when a Protestant uses 
 the word, he means any persons wilfully and con- 
 tenliously obstinate in fundamental errours. Watts. 
 •2. It is or has been used ludicrously for 
 any one whose opinion is erroneous. 
 
 I rather will suspect the sun with cold 
 Than thee with wantonness ; thy honour stands. 
 In him that was of late an lieretick. 
 As firm as faith. Shakesp. 
 
 Heretical, adj. [&om her etick.] Con- 
 taining heresy. 
 
 How exclude they us from being any part of the 
 church of Christ under the colour of heresy, when 
 they cannot but grant it possible even for him tit 
 he, as touching his own personal persuasion, here- 
 tical, who, in their opinion, not only is of the 
 church, but holdeth the chiefest place of authority 
 over the same ? Hook^. 
 
 Constantinople was in an uproar, upon an igno- 
 rant jealousy that those words had some heretical 
 meaning. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Here'tically. adv. [from heretical.] 
 
 \Vith heresy. 
 Hereto', adv. [here and to.] To this; 
 
 add to this. 
 Heretofore, adv. [hereto s.-nd fore.] 
 Formerly ; anciently. 
 
 I liave long desired to know you heretofore. 
 with honouring your virtue, though I love not 
 your person. .^^".'V.; 
 
 So near is the connection between the civil 
 state and religious, that heretofore you will find 
 the government and the priesthood united in the 
 same person. S*mth, 
 
 We now can form no more 
 Long schemes of life, as heretofore. Sujft. 
 
 Hereunto', adv. [here And unto.] To 
 
 this. 
 
 Thev which rightly consider after what sort the 
 heart of man hereunto is framed, must of neces- 
 sity acknowledge, that whoso assenteth to ttie 
 words of eternal life, doth it in regard of his au- 
 thority whose words they are. _ Hooker. 
 
 Asreeable hereunto might not be amiss to make 
 children often to tell a story of any thing they 
 know. LMrke. 
 
 Herewith, adv. [heresndwith.] With 
 
 this. 
 
 You, fair sir, be not herewith dismaid. 
 But constant keep the w.ay in which ye vtaud. Spen. 
 
 Herew'ith Uie castle of Hame was suddenly sur- 
 prised by the Scots. Hayward. 
 
 Heriot. n. s. [fene^db. Sax.] A fine 
 paid to the lord at the death of a land- 
 holder, commonly the best thing in the 
 landholder's possession. 
 
 This he datains from the ivy ; for he should be 
 the true possessory lord thereof, but the olive dis- 
 penseth with his conscience to pass it over with a 
 compliment and an heriot every year. HoueL 
 
 Though thou consume but to renew, 
 Yet love, as lord, doth claim a heriot due. CUavel. 
 
 I took him up, as your heriot, with intention to 
 have made the best of him, and then have brought 
 the whole produce of him in a purse to yoi^ 
 
 JjTyden* 
 
 He'ritable. adj. [hcsres, Lat.] A per- 
 son that may inherit, whatever may be 
 
 inherited. 
 
 Bv the canon law this son shall be legitimate and 
 heritable, according to the laws of England. Hale 
 
 Heritage, n. s. [heritage, Fr] 
 1. Inheritance ; esUte devolved by suc- 
 cession ; estate in general. 
 Let us our father's heritage divide. Hubberd. 
 
 891
 
 HER 
 
 He considers t!iat bis proper home and heritage 
 IS 111 another world, and therefore regards the 
 events of tliis with the indifference of a guest 
 that tarries l jt a day. Rogers. 
 
 % [In divinity.] The people of God. 
 
 O Lord, save thy people, and bless thine 
 heritage. Common Praifcr. 
 
 HERM ATMUODITE. n. s. [hermaphro- 
 dite, Fr. from £^^^? and fstip^o^irij.] An 
 animal uniting two sexes. 
 
 I\Ian and wife make but one right 
 Canonical hermaphrodite. Cleaveland. 
 
 fllontrosity could not incapacitate from mar- 
 riage, witness hermaphroditei. Arbuthnot and Po]}e. 
 
 Hermaphrodi'tical. adj. [fi-om her- 
 maphrodite.^ Partaking of both sexes. 
 
 There may be equivocal seeds and hermaphro- 
 ditical principles, that contain the radicality of 
 difl'erent forms. Brouij. 
 
 HERME'TICAL. ) adj\ [from Hermes 
 HERMETIC. J or Mcrcunj, the 
 
 imagined inventor of chymistry ; her- 
 
 metique, Fr.] Chymical. 
 
 An hermetical seal, or to seal any thine hernie- 
 mcticaily, is to heat the neck of a glass till it is 
 just ready to melt, and tlien with a pair of hot 
 pincers to twist it close together. Qnincq. 
 
 The tube was closed at one end with diachy- 
 lon, instead of an hermetical seal. Boijle. 
 
 Herme'tically. adv. [£rom he^'meticaL] 
 According to the hermetical or chemick 
 art. 
 
 He suffered those things to putrefy in hermeti- 
 cally scaled glasses, and vessels close covered with 
 paper, and not only so, but in vessels covered 
 with fine lawn, so as to admit the air, and keep 
 out tlie insects : no living thing was ever pro- 
 duced there. Bentlejj. 
 HERMIT. n,s. [hermUe, Fi\ contracted 
 from eremitej e^d/ait*!?.] 
 
 1. A solitary; an anchoret; one who re- 
 tires from society to contemplation and 
 devotion, 
 
 A wither'd hermit, fivescore winters worn. 
 Might shake olf fifty looking in her eye. Shakesp. 
 You lay this command upon me, to give you my 
 
 foor advice for your carriage in so eminent a place; 
 humbly return you mine opinion, such as an 
 hennit rather than a courtier can render. Bacon. 
 Ho had been duke of Savoy, and, after a very 
 glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, 
 and retirednito this solitary spot. Addisou on Italy. 
 
 2. A beadsman ; one boimd to pray for 
 another. Improper. 
 
 For those of old. 
 And the late dignities heap'd up to them, 
 We rest your hermit. Shakes}). 
 
 He'rmitage. n.s. [hermitage, Fr.] The 
 cell or habitation of a hermit. 
 By tliat painful way they pass 
 Forth to an hill, that was both steep and high ; 
 
 On top whereof a sacred chapel wd"^, 
 And eke a little hermitage thereby. Fairti Queen. 
 
 Go with speed 
 To some forlorn and naked hermitage^ 
 Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak. 
 
 And may at last my weary age 
 Find out the peaceful hermitage^ 
 The hairy gown and mossy cell. 
 Where I may sit and rightly spell 
 Of ev'ry star that heav n dtith shew, 
 And ev'ry herb that sips the dew. Milton. 
 
 About two leagues from Fribourg we went to see 
 ^hermitage: it lies in tlie prettiest solitude imagi- 
 nable, among woods and rocks. Addison on Italxi. 
 
 He'rmitess. n. s, [from hermit.] A 
 woman retired to devotion. 
 
 Hermi'tical. adj, [^rom her mil.'] Suit- 
 able to a hermit, 
 
 H e'r m o d act yl, n. s. [e^/x^j? and^ax t;X®-.] 
 
 Hermodaciyl is a root of a determinate and re- 
 gular figure and represents the common figure of 
 
 HER 
 
 a heart cut in two, from half nn incii to an inch 
 in length. This riru" was first brought into medi- 
 cin.il use by tlie Ariibians, and comes from Egypt 
 anri Syria, where the people use them, while fresh, 
 as a vomit or purge ; and have a way of roasting 
 them for food, which they eat in order to make 
 themselves fat. The dried roots are a gentle 
 purge, now little used. Hill. 
 
 Hern. n. s. [Contracted from Heron ; 
 which see.] 
 
 Birds that arc most easy to be drawn are the 
 mallard, swan, hern, and bittern, Peacham. 
 
 He'rnhill. n.s. [Aer?j and A///.] An 
 herb. Ainsworth. 
 
 HERNIA, n. s. [Lat.] Any kind of 
 ruptin-e, diversified by tlie name of the 
 part affected. 
 A hernia would certainly succeed. Wiseman. 
 
 HE'RO. n. s. [heros, Lat. i^^;.] 
 
 1. A man eminent for bravery. 
 
 I sing of heroes and of kings. 
 In mighty numbers mighty thinsjs. Cowley. 
 
 Heroes in animated marble frown. Pope. 
 
 In this view he ceases to be an hero, and his 
 return is no longer a virtue. Papers Odyssey. 
 
 These are thy honours, not that here thy bust 
 Is mix'd with heroes, or with kings thy dust. Pope. 
 
 2. A man of the highest class in any re- 
 spect ; as, a hero in learning. 
 
 He'roe.ss. 11. s. [from hero ; heroh, Lat.] 
 A heroine ; a female hero. Not in use. 
 
 In which were held, by sad disease. 
 Heroes and heroesses. Chapman. 
 
 Heroi'cal. adj. [from Aero.] Befitting 
 an hero ; noble; illustrious; heroick. 
 
 Musidorus was famous over all Asia for his 
 heroical enterprizes. Sidney. 
 
 Though you have courage in an heroical degree, 
 1 ascribe it to you as your second attribute, llryd. 
 
 Hero'ically. adiK [from heroical.'] 
 After the way of a hero ; suitably to an 
 hero. 
 
 Not heroically in killing his tyrannical cousin. 
 
 Sidney. 
 Free from all meaning, whether good or bad ; 
 And, in one word, heroically mad. Dryden. 
 
 Hero'ick. adj. [from hero ; heroique, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Productive of heroes. 
 
 Bolingbroke 
 From John of Gaunt doth bring his pedigree. 
 Being but the fourth of that heroick line. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Noble ; suitable to an hero ; brave ; 
 magnanimous ; intrepid ; enterprising ; 
 
 illustrious. 
 
 Not that which justly gives heroick name 
 To person, or to poem. Milton. 
 
 Verse makes heroick virtue live. 
 But you can life to verses give. Waller. 
 
 ;J. Reciting the acts of heroes. Used of 
 poetry. 
 
 iMelhinks heroick poesy, 'till now, 
 hike some fantastick fairy land did show. Couley. 
 
 I have chosen tlic most heroick subject which any 
 poit could desire: I have taken upon me to de- 
 scribe the motives, the beginning, progress and 
 successes of a most just and necessary war. Dryd. 
 
 An heroick poem is the greatest work which the 
 soul of man is capable to perform : the design of 
 it is toforiu the mind to /leroic/c virtue by example. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Hero'ickly. adv. [from heroick.] Suit- 
 ably to an hero. Heroically is more 
 frequent, and more analogical. 
 Samson hath quit himself 
 Like Samson, and heroickly hath finish'd 
 A life lieroick. Milton. 
 
 He'roine. n. s. [from hero; hei-oine, 
 Fr.] A female hero. Anciently, ac- 
 cording to English analogy, heroess. 
 
 HER 
 
 But inborn worth, that fortune can controul, 
 New-slrung, and stiH'er bent her softer soul ; 
 The heroine assum'd the woman's place, 
 Confirm'd her mind, and fortify'd her face. Dryd, 
 
 Then shall the British stage 
 More noble characters expose to view. 
 And draw her finish'd heroines from you. Addison. 
 
 He'roism. n. s. [heroisme, Fr.] The 
 qualities or character of an hero. 
 
 If the Odyssey be less noble than the Iliad, it 
 is more instructive ; the Iliad abounds with more 
 heroism, this with more morality. Broome 
 
 HERON, n. s. [heron, Fr.] 
 
 1. A bird that feeds upon fish. 
 
 So lords, with sport of stag and heron full. 
 Sometimes we see small birds from nests do pull. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 The heron, when she soareth high, sheweth 
 
 winds. Bacon. 
 
 2. It is now commonly pronounced hern. 
 The tow'ring hawk let future poets sing, 
 
 Who terror bears upon his soaring wing ; 
 Let them on liigh the frighted hern survey, 
 And lofty immbers paint their airy fray. Cay. 
 He'ronry. \n.s. [from heron, com- 
 He'ronshaw. J monly pronounced 
 hernry.] A place where herons breed. 
 They carry their load to a large heronrq above 
 three miles. Derham's Physico-Theology. 
 
 He'rpes. n. s. [i'^m?.] A cutaneous in- 
 flammation of two kinds : miliaris, or 
 postularis, which is like millet-seed 
 upon the skin ; and excedens, which is 
 more corrosive and penetrating, so as to 
 form little ulcers. Quincy. 
 
 A farther progress towards acrimony maketh a 
 herpes ; and, if the access of acrimony be very great, 
 it maketh an herpes excedens. Wiseman's Surgen/. 
 
 Herring, n. s. [hareng, Fr. Jjsejunj, 
 Sax.] A small sea fish. 
 
 The coast is plentifully stored with round fisli, 
 
 pilchard, herring, mackrel, and cod. Carew. 
 
 Buy my herring (tes\\. Sicift. 
 
 Hers. pron. The female possessive used 
 when it refers to a substantive going be- 
 fore ; as, this is her house, this house 
 is hers. See HER. 
 
 How came hereyes so bright ? not with .salt tears; 
 If so, my eyes are oftener wash'd than hers. Shak. 
 
 Whom ill fate would ruin, it prefers ; 
 For all the miserable are made hers. Waller. 
 
 I see her rowling eyes ; 
 And panting, lo ! the god, the god, she cries ; 
 With words not hers, and more than human sound, 
 She makes th' obedient ghosts peep trembling 
 through the ground. Roscommon. 
 
 HERSE. 71. s. [hersia, low Lat. supposed 
 to come from jjepian to praise.] This 
 is likewise written hearse ; see HEARSE. 
 
 1. A temporary monument raised over a 
 grave. 
 
 2. The carriage in which corpses are 
 drawn to the grave. 
 
 When mourning nymphs attend their Daphnis' 
 hei'se, 
 Who does not weep that reads the moving verse ? 
 
 Roscommon. 
 On all the line a sudden vengeance waits, 
 And frequent herses shall besiege j'our gates. Ptme. 
 To Herse. 1'. a. [from the noun.] To 
 put into a herse. 
 
 I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and 
 
 the jewels in her ear. O, would she were hers'd 
 
 at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin. Shakesp. 
 
 The Grecians spritefully drew from the darts 
 
 the corse. 
 
 And hers'd it, bearing it to fleet. Chapman. 
 
 The iiousc is hers'd about with a black wood, 
 Which nods with many a heavy-headed tree. 
 
 Crashaw, 
 
 1 
 
 Herself, pronoun. 
 
 8y2
 
 H E T 
 
 1 . A female individual, as distinguished 
 from others. 
 
 The jealous o'er-wom widow and herself. 
 Since that our brother dubb'd them gentlewomen, 
 Are mighty gossips in this monarchy. 6hakesp. ' 
 
 2. Being in her own power ; mistress of 
 her own thoughts, I 
 
 The more she looks, the more her fears increase, 
 At nearer sight ; and she's herself the less. Dryd. \ 
 
 3. The oblique case of the reciprocai pro- 
 noun ; as, she hurt herself. 
 
 The daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash 
 
 herself'. Eaodus. 
 
 She returned answer to herself. Judges. 
 
 He'rselike. adj\ [heise and Hke,] 
 Funereal ; suitable to funerals. 
 
 Even in the Old Testament, if you listen to 
 David's harp, you shall hear as many hevselike airs 
 as carols. Bacon. 
 
 To Hery. V, a, [Jjcfiian, Sax. to praise, 
 to celebrate.] To hallow; to regard as 
 holly. Now no longer in use. 
 
 Tlicnot, now nis the time of raerrymake. 
 Nor Pan to hery, nor with love to play ; 
 
 Like mirth in May is raeeiest for to m;^kc. 
 Or Summer shade, under the cocked ha^-. Spens. 
 
 But were thy years green as now be mine. 
 Then wouldst thuu learn to carul of love. 
 And hery with hymns th^^ lass's glove. Spensci'. 
 
 He'sitancy. n.s. [from hesitate,'] Dubi- 
 ousness ; uncertainty ; suspense. 
 
 The reason of my hesitancy about the air is, that 
 I forgot to try whether thiit fiquur, which shot into 
 crystals, exposed to the air would nut have done 
 the like in a vessel accurately stopped. Boyle. 
 
 Some of them reasoned without doubt or hesi- 
 tancy, and lived and died in such a manner as to 
 show that they believed their own reasonings. 
 
 Atte.rbury. 
 
 To HE'S IT ATE. v. a. [hasito, Lat. hc- 
 siter, Fr.] To be doubtful ; to delay ; 
 to pause ; to make difficulty. 
 
 A spirit of revenge makes liira curse the 
 Grecians in tlie seventh bools, wlien they hesitate 
 to accept Hector's challenge. Pope. 
 
 Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike 
 Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike ; 
 Alike reserv'd to blame or to commend, 
 A tim'ruus foe, and a suspicious friend. Pope. 
 
 Hesita'tion. 71. s. [from hesitate.] 
 
 1. Doubt ; uncertainty ; difficulty made. 
 I cannot foresee the diliiculties and hesitations of 
 
 everyone: they will be more or fewer, according 
 to the capacity of each peruser. }Voodu\ Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Intermission of speech ; want of volu- 
 bility. 
 
 Many ciereymen write in so diminutive a man- 
 ner, wiih such frequent blots and interlineations, 
 that they are hardly able to go on without perpe- 
 tual hesUatio7is. Swift. 
 
 Hest. n. s. [Jjaej-r, Sax.] Command; 
 precept ; injunction. Obsolete, or writ- 
 ten behest. 
 
 Thou dost alflict the not deserver, 
 As him that doth thy lovely Afsts despise. Spenser. 
 
 Thou wast a spirit too delicate 
 'I'o act her earthy and abhorr'd commands. 
 Refusing her grand hests. Shakesp. 
 
 HETEROCLITE. n. s. [heteroclite, Fr. 
 heteroclitum, Lat. ] 
 
 1. Such nouns as vary from the common 
 forms of declension, by any redundancy, 
 defect, or otherwise. Clarke. 
 
 1 be heternelite nouns of the Latin should not be 
 touched in the first learning of the rudiments of 
 the tongue. Watts. 
 
 2. Any thing or person deviating from the 
 common rule. 
 
 H E W 
 
 Deviating from the common 
 
 Heterocli'tical. adj. [from hetero- 
 
 clite.] 
 rule. 
 
 In the mention of sins heterocUtical, and such as 
 want either name or precedent, there is oft times 
 a sin, even in their histories. Broun. 
 
 H El ERODOX. adj. [heterodoxe, Fr. 
 iTfp(&- and ^o'|a.] Deviating from the 
 established opinion ; not orthodox. 
 
 Partiality may be observed in some to vulgar, 
 in otliers to heterodox tenets. Locke. 
 
 Heterodox, n.s. An opinion pecidiar. 
 
 Not only a simple heta'odox, but a very hard 
 paradox it will seem, and of great absurdity, if 
 we say attraction is unjustly appropriated unto 
 the loadstone. Broun s Vulg. Err. 
 
 Heteroge'neal. adj. [heterogene, Fr. 
 fTipo? and ysrot;.] Not of the same na- 
 ture ; not kindred. 
 
 Let the body adjacent and ambient be not corn- 
 material, but merely heterogeneal towards the body 
 that is to be preserved: suchasquicksilver an ; 
 white amber to herbs and flies. Bacon. 
 
 Tlie light whose rays are all alike refrangible, 
 1 call simple, homogeneal, and similar ; and that 
 whose rays are some more refrangible than others, 
 I call compound, heterogeneal, and dissimilar. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Heterogene'ity, n. s. [heterqgeneite, 
 Fr. from heterogeneous.] 
 
 1. Opposition of nature ; contrariety or 
 dissimilitude of quaHties. 
 
 2. Opposite or dissimilar part. 
 Guiacum, burnt with an open fire in a chimney, 
 
 is sequestered into ashes and scut ; whereas the 
 same wood, distilled into a retort, does yield far 
 other heta'ogeneities, and is resolved into oil, 
 spirit, vinegar, water and charcoal. Boyle. 
 
 HETEROGENEOUS, adj. [^te^o? and 
 yfFo?.] Not kindred ; opposite or dissi- 
 milar in nature. 
 
 I have observed such heterogeneous bodies, 
 which I found included in the mass of this sand- 
 stone. ^Voodward. 
 
 HetERO'sCIANS. n. S. [ar/^o; and axix.] 
 Those whose shadows fall only one way, 
 as the shadows of us who live north of 
 the Tropick fall at noon always to the 
 North, 
 
 To HEW. V. a. part, [hewn, or heived. 
 feapan, Sax. hauwen, Dut.] 
 
 1. To cut by blows with an edged in- 
 strument ; to hack. 
 
 Upon the joint the luckv steel did light, 
 And made such way that hexed it quite in twain. 
 
 Spenser. 
 1 had purpose 
 Once more to hew thy target from thy brawn. 
 Or lose ray arm for't. Shakesp. 
 
 He was hewn in pieces by Hamiltou's friends. 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 One Vane was so grievously heicn, that many 
 
 thousands have died of less than half his hurts, 
 
 whereof he was cured. Hayward. 
 
 2. To chop ; to cut. 
 
 He from deep wells with engines water drew. 
 And us'd his noble hands the wood to hew. Dryd. 
 
 3. To cut, as with an axe : with the parti- 
 cles down, when it signifies to fell; up, 
 to excavate from below ; off, to separate. 
 
 He that depends 
 Upon your favours, swicus with fins of lead. 
 And hews down oaks with rushes. Shakesp. 
 
 Brave followers, yonder stands the thornywood, 
 Which, by the heav'ns assistance and your strength 
 Must by the roots be hewn «p jet ere night. Shak. 
 
 Scarce can I speak, my choler is so great : 
 Oh ! I could Aeii' up rocks and fight with flint. 6/ittfc. 
 
 Yet shall the axe of justice hew him down. 
 And level with ilie root his lofty crown. Sandys. 
 
 Ht from the mountain hewing timber tall, 
 Began to build a vessel of huge bulk. ilit7tan. 
 
 HEY 
 
 We'll force the gate where Marcus keeps hit 
 
 guard. 
 And hew down all that would oppose our passage. 
 
 Aditiion. 
 
 4. To form or shape with an axe ; with out. 
 
 Thou hast hewed thee out a sepulchre here, as he 
 th&xhewcd him out a sepulchre on high. Isa. xxii. 
 
 Nor is it so proper to hew out religious reforma- 
 tions by the sword, as to polish them by fair and 
 equal dis|>utations. Kin^ CliarUs. 
 
 This river rises in the very heart of the Alps, 
 and has a long valley that seems hewn out on pur- 
 pose to give its waters a passage amidst so many 
 rocks. Addison oti Italy. 
 
 5. To form laboriously. 
 
 The gate was adamant ; eternal frame , 
 Which, hew'd by Wars himself, from Indian 
 
 quarries came. 
 The labour of a god. Ihyden's FahUs. 
 
 Next unto bricks are preferr'd the square heicn 
 stone. ilort. 
 
 1 now pass my days, not studious nor idle, ra- 
 ther polishing old works than hewing out new. 
 
 Pope to i'lri/t. 
 
 He'wer. n. s. [from hew.] One whose 
 employment is to cut wood or stone. 
 
 At the building of Solomon's temple there were 
 fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains Brown. 
 
 HE'XAGON. n. s. [he.ragone, Fr. i| and 
 y<ij»ia.] A figure of six sides or angles : 
 the most capaciofts of all the figures 
 that can be added to each other without 
 any interstice ; and therefore the cells in 
 lioneycombs are of that form. 
 Hexagonal, adj. [from hexagon.] 
 Having six sides or corners. 
 
 As for the figures of crystal, it is for the most 
 part hexagonal, or six-cornered. Brown. 
 
 JMany of them shoot into i^gular figures ; as 
 crystal and bastard diamonds into hexagonal. Ray. 
 Hexa'gony. n. s. [from hexagon.] X 
 figure of six angles. 
 
 \Vhen I read in St. Ambrose of heiagonies, or 
 sexangular cellars of bees, did I therefore conclude 
 that they were mathematicians ? Bramliall. 
 
 Hexa'meter. U.S. [k'l and ftfTgo*.] A 
 verse of six feet. 
 
 The Latin heiameter has more feel than the 
 En-Jish heroick. Dryden. 
 
 Hexa'ngular. adj. [t| and angulus, 
 Lat.] 1 1 aving six corners. 
 
 Hexajtgular sprigs or shoots of crystal. Woodis. 
 
 He'xapod. 71. s. [i'l and ■srooi;.] An ani- 
 mal witli six feet. 
 
 I take tiiose to have been the hexapods, from 
 which the greater sort of beetles come ; for that 
 sort of hciafiods are eaten in .■America. Ray. 
 
 Hexa'stick. 71. s. [i| and 5-i;tof.] A poem 
 of six lines. 
 
 Hey. itittij. [from high.] An expres- 
 sion of jo)', or mutual exhortation: the 
 contrary to the Latin hei. 
 
 Shadwell fiom the town retires. 
 To bless the town with peaceful lyrick 
 Then heu tor praise and pancgyrick. Prior. 
 
 Heyday, iiitirj. [for high day.] .\n 
 expression of frolick and exultation, 
 and sometimes of wonder. 
 
 Thou'It say anon he is some kin to thee, 
 Thou spend'st such heyday wit in praising him. Sha. 
 
 'Twas a strange riddle of a lady, 
 Not love, if any lov'd her, heyday! Hudibras. 
 He'yday. «.s. A frolick ; wildness. 
 At your age 
 Tlie heyday in the blood is tame, it's humble, 
 .^nd wails upon the judgment. Shakesp. 
 
 He'ydigives. n.s. A wild frolick dance. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Bui friendly faries met with many graces, 
 Andliaht-foot'nymphs can chase the ling'ringnight 
 With heydegiies, and trimlv trodden traces. Spent. 
 
 893
 
 H I D 
 
 Hia'tion. n. s. [from kio, Lat] The 
 act of gaping. 
 
 Men observing the continual Matiore, or holding 
 
 open the caiueliuns moulli, conceive the intention 
 
 thereof to receive thealiment of air ; but this is also 
 
 occasioned by the greatness of the lungs. Brown. 
 
 Hia'tus. n. s. [hiatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. An aperture; a gaping breach. 
 
 Those hiatus's are at the bottom of the sea, 
 
 whereby the abyss below opens into and cominu- 
 
 nicates with it. Wooduard. 
 
 "2. The opening of the mouth by the sue 
 
 cession of au initial to a final \ owel. 
 
 The hiatus should be avoided wilii more care in 
 poetry than in oratory ; and I would try t(^ prevent 
 It, unless where the cutting it oil' is more prejudi- 
 cial to tlie sound than tlie (he hiatus itself. Pope. 
 
 Hib'ernal. (if^j. [hibevJins, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to the Winter. 
 
 This siar should rather manifest its warminc 
 power in tlie Winter, when it remains conjoined 
 with the sun in its hibeiniai conversion. Broun. 
 
 HICCIUSDOCCIUS, n.s. [Corrupted, 
 1 fancy, from hie est doctus, thiSy or here 
 is the learned man. Used by jugglers of 
 themselves.] A cant word for a juggler ; 
 one that plays fast and loose. 
 
 Aw old dull sot, who told the clock 
 For many years at Bridewell dock, 
 At Westminster and Hick's hall, 
 And hiccius doccius play'd in all ; 
 Where, in all governments and times, 
 H' had been both friend and foe to crimes. Hudib. 
 
 Hiccough, w. s. [hicken, Dan.] A con- 
 vulsion of the stomach producing sobs. 
 
 So by an abbey's skeleton of late 
 1 heard an echo supererogate 
 Through inipeifection, and the voice restore. 
 As if she had the hiccough o'er and o'er. Cleavel, 
 
 Sneezing cureth the hiccough, and is profitable 
 uiit'f woman in hard labour. Browns X''ulg. 'Err. 
 
 W the stomach be hurt, singultus or hiccough 
 follows. Wiseman. 
 
 To Hiccough, v. n. [from the noun.] 
 To sob with convulsion of the stomach. 
 
 To Hi'cKUP. V. n. [corrupted from hic- 
 cous:h.^ To sob with a convulsed 
 stomach, 
 
 Qiiotli he, to bid me not to love. 
 Is to forbid my pulse to move. 
 My beard to grow, my ears to prick up, 
 Or, when I'm m a fit, to hickup. Hiidtbras. 
 
 Hi'CKWALL. ) * 1 • 1 i- 
 
 ,, , > w, 5. A bird. Atnsir. 
 
 HiCKWAY. I 
 
 „ , ' > part, pass, of hide. 
 
 Hi DDEN. § ^ ' 
 
 Thus fanie shall be atchiev'd, renown on earth ; 
 And what most merits fame, in silence /lid. Milton. 
 
 Other hidden cause 
 I^eft tliem superior. -Milton. 
 
 Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night : 
 God said. Let Newton be, and all was liglit. 
 
 Pope. 
 To HIDE. V. a, preter. hid', part. pass. 
 hid or hidden, [fiban. Sax.] To con- 
 ceal ; to withhold or withdraw from 
 sight or knowledge. 
 Avaunt, and quit niy sight ; let the earth hide 
 thee ! Shoticsp. 
 
 His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid m 
 two bushels of chaff. Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 Nile hears him knocking at his sev'nfnid gales, 
 And seeks his hidden spring, and fears his 
 nephews fates. Dryden. 
 
 Thus the sire of gods and men below : 
 What I have hidden, hope not thou to know. Dry. 
 
 The sev'ral parts lav hidden in the piece ; 
 '111' occasion but exerted that, or this. Drudcn. 
 
 'I'heii for my corps a liomely grave provide. 
 Which love and me fiom public scorn may hide. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 H I D 
 
 Seas hid with navies, chariots passing o'er 
 The channel, on a bridge from shore to shore. Dryd. 
 
 With what astonishment and veneration may we 
 look into our own souls.where there are such hidden 
 stores of virtue and knowledge, suchinexhausted 
 sources of perfection ? Addison. 
 
 The criifty being makes a much longer voyage 
 than Uiyses, puts in practice many more wiles, 
 and hides himself under a greater variety of shapes. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Hell trembles at the sight, and hides its head 
 In utmost darkness, white on earth each heart 
 Is fill'd with peace. Rout's Royal Convert. 
 
 To Hide. v. n. To lye hid; to be concealed. 
 
 A fox, hard run, begged of a countryman to 
 help iiiui to some hiding place. L'Estrange. 
 
 Our bolder talents in full view display 'd ; 
 Your virtues open in the fairest shade : 
 Bred to disguise, in publick 'tis you hide, 
 Wliere none distinguish twixt your shame and 
 
 pride. 
 Weakness or delicacy. Pope. 
 
 Hide flwrf Seek, n, s. A play in which 
 some hide themselves, and another seeks 
 them. 
 The boys and girls would venture to come and 
 
 play at hide and seek in my hair. Gulliver's Trav. 
 HIDE. n. s. [jjy^e. Sax. haude, Dut.] 
 
 1 . The skin of any animal, either raw or 
 dressed. 
 
 The trembling weapon past 
 Through nine bull hides, each under other plac'd 
 On his broad shield. Dryden. 
 
 Pisistratus was first to grasp their hands, 
 And spread soft /ii(/es upon the yellow sands. Pope. 
 
 2. The human skin : in contempt. 
 
 Oh, tyger's heart, wrapt in a woman's hide .' 
 How couid'st thou drain the life-blood of the child ? 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 His mantle, now his hide, with rugged liairs 
 
 Cleaves to his back ; a famish'd face he bears. Dry. 
 
 ;5. A certain quantity of land. [Hide hi/de, 
 
 Fr. hidoj barbarous Lat. as much as one 
 
 plough can tilh] Ainsitorth, 
 
 One of the first things was a more particular in- 
 quisition than had been before of every hide of 
 land within the precincts of his conquest, and 
 bow they were holden. Wotion. 
 
 HiDEBo'uND. adj. [hide and bound.] 
 
 1 . A horse is said to be hidebound when his 
 skin sticks so hard to his ribs and back, 
 that you cannot with your liand pidl up 
 or loosen the one from the other. It 
 sometimes comes by poverty and bad 
 keeping ; at other times from over- 
 riding, or a surfeit. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 2. [In trees.] Being in the state in which 
 the bark will not give way to the growth. 
 
 A root of a tree may be liidehoand, but it will not 
 keep open without somewhat put into it. Bacon. 
 
 Like stinted hidebound trees, that just have got 
 Sufficient sap at once to bear and rot Swift. 
 
 3. Harsh ; untractable. 
 
 And still the harsher and hidebounder 
 The damsels prove, become the fonder. Hndibras. 
 
 4. Niggardly; penurious; parsitnonious. 
 
 Ainsivorth. 
 IlI'DEOUS. adj. [hideux, Fr.] 
 1. Horrible; dreadful; shocking. 
 
 If he could have turned himself to as many 
 forms as Proteus, every form should have been 
 made hideous. Sidney. 
 
 Some monsters in tliy thoughts. 
 Too hideous to be shewn. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 I fied, and cry'd out death ! 
 Hell trembled at the kideons name, and sigh'd 
 From all her caves, and back resounded death. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Her eyes grew stiffen'd.and with sulphur burn ; 
 Iler /lif/fOHS loiiks and hellish form return ; 
 Her curling snakes with hissings fill the place, 
 And open all the furies of her face. Dryden, 
 
 H I E 
 
 2. It is cbtnmonly used of risible objects : 
 the following use is less authorised. 
 
 'Tis forced through the hiatuses at the bottom 
 
 of the sea with such vehemence, that it puts the 
 
 sea into the most horrible disorder, making it rage 
 
 and roar witli the most hideous and amazing noise. 
 
 Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 3. It is used by Spenser in a sense not now- 
 retained ; detestable. 
 
 O hideous hanger of dominion ! Spenser. 
 
 Hi'deously. adv. [from hideous.] Horri- 
 bly; dreadfully; in a manner that shocks. 
 
 I arm myself 
 To welcome the condition of tlie time ; 
 "Whicli caiuiot look more hideously on me, 
 Than I have drawn it in my fantasy. Shakesp, 
 This, in the jireseiit application, is hideously pro- 
 fane ; but the sense is intelligible. Collier's Defence. 
 
 Hi'deousness. n. s. [from hideous.] 
 Horribleness ; dreadfulness ; terrour. 
 
 Hi'der. n. s. [from the verb.] He that 
 hides. 
 
 To Hie. v.n. [fiejan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To hasten ; to go in haste. 
 
 When they had mark'd tlie changed skies, 
 They wist tlieir hour was spent ; tlien each to rest 
 him hies. Fairy Queen. 
 
 My will is even this. 
 That presently you hie you home to bed. Shakesp. 
 
 Well, I will hie. 
 And so bestow these papers as you bade me. Shak. 
 
 Some to the shores do fly. 
 Some to the woods, or whither fear advis'd ; 
 But running from, all to destruction hie. Daniel. 
 
 The snake no sooner hist. 
 But virtue heard it, and away she hy'd. Crashaw. 
 Thither, full fraught with mischievous revenge, 
 Accurs'd, and in a cursed hour, he /lies, Milton. 
 
 Thus he advis'd me, on yon aged tree 
 Hangup thy lute, and hie thee to the sea. Waller. 
 The youth, returning to his mistress, hies. Dryd. 
 
 2. It was anciently used with or without 
 the reciprocal pronoun. It is now al- 
 most obsolete in all its uses. 
 
 Austcr spy'd him ; 
 Cruel Auster thither fti/'d him. Crashaw. 
 
 HI'ERAHCH. n. «.' ["■'•5©' and i^x^, hie- 
 rarqve, Fr.] Thechiefof a sacred order. 
 
 Angels, by imperial summons cail'd. 
 Forthwith from all the ends of lieav'u appear'd. 
 Under their hierarchs in orders bright. Milton. 
 
 Hierarchical, adj. [hierarchique, l"r.] 
 Belonging to sacred or ecclesiastical go- 
 vernment. 
 Hi'erarchy. n.s. [flier archie, Yr.] 
 1. A sacred government; rank or sub- 
 ordination of holy beings. 
 
 Out of the hierarchies of angels slieen. 
 The gentle Gabriel cail'd he from the rest. Fairf. 
 He rounds the air, and breaksthehyninick notes 
 In birds, beav'ns choristers, organick throats ; 
 Which, if they did not die, might seem to be 
 A tenth rank in the heavenly hierarchy. Donne. 
 
 Jehovah, from the summit of the sky, 
 Enviroii'd with his winged hierarchy, 
 The world survey'd. Sandys. 
 
 These the supreme king 
 Exalted to such pow'r. and gave to rule. 
 Each in his hierarchy, the orders bright. Milton. 
 , The blessedest of "mortal wights, now question- 
 less the highest saint in the celestial hierarchy, be- 
 gan to be so importuned, that a great part of the 
 divine liturgy was addressed solely to her. Hoioel. 
 1. Ecclesiastical establishment. 
 
 The presbytery had more sympathy with the 
 discipline of Scotland than the hierarchy of Eng- 
 land. Bacori. 
 While tlie old Levitical hierarchy continued, it 
 was part of the ministerial office to slay the sacri- 
 fices. &ii(/i. 
 Consider what I have written, from regard for 
 the church established under the hierarchy of 
 bishops. Stiift. 
 
 89*
 
 H I G 
 
 \ n. s. [hiero- 
 i glyphe, Fr. 
 
 HIEROGLYTH. 
 HIEROGLY'PHICK 
 
 U^ sacred, and yXiifu to carve.] 
 
 1. An emblem ; a figure by which a word 
 was implied. Hieroglyphicks were 
 used before the alphabet was invented. 
 Hieroglyph seems to be the proper sub- 
 stantive, and /(iVro^/^/jAzVA'the adjective. 
 
 This hiero^tvpltick of the Egyptians was erected 
 
 for parental atfeclion, manifested in the protection 
 
 of her voung ones, when lier nest was set on fire. 
 
 Browns yulg. Kn: 
 
 A lamp amongst tlie Egyptians is the liicrogly- 
 phkk of life. WUkim's Dtedaliis. 
 
 l"he first writing men used was onlv the single 
 pictures and sravingsof the things they would re- 
 present, whicli way of expression was afierwards 
 called hierflgi.j^ 't^ck. ]Vooilwitrd. 
 
 Bet\>een the statues obelisks were plac'd. 
 And the learned walls with hiavgivpliicks grac'd. 
 
 i'ojti. 
 
 2. The art of writing in picture. 
 
 No hrute can endure the taste of strongliqnor, and 
 conseqviently it is acainst all the rules of /iieroij/i/- 
 phick to assign any animals as patrons of punch. Sw. 
 
 Hieroglyphic AL. 7 adj. [hierogly- 
 HlEROGLYPHICK. J p/iiqiie, Fr. from 
 the noun.] 
 
 1. Charged with hieroglyphical sculpture. 
 
 In this place stands a stately hieroglt/phicat obe- 
 lisk of Thebnu ni.irble. Sandus's TraveU 
 
 2. Emblematical ; expressive of some 
 meaning beyond what immediately ap- 
 pears. 
 
 Ill* Egyptian serpent figures time, 
 And, strip[t'd, returns into his prime ; 
 If my atrecti<in thou wculd'st win. 
 First cast thy hiero^lpphick skin. Cleaveland. 
 
 The original of the conceit was probably hiero- 
 elypkical, which after became mythological, and, 
 by a process of tradition, stole iiito a total verity, 
 which was but partly true hi its raoralitv. 
 
 Brown's Tulg. Err. 
 IIlEROGLYPHICALLY. adv. [from Ai'ero- 
 glypfiical.] Emblematically. 
 
 Others have spoken emblematically and hiero- 
 
 ghphiaillu as the Egyptians, aiid the phffinix was 
 
 the hieroglypliick of the sun. Brown. 
 
 HlEROGRAPHY. U.S. [it^o; and yja^n).] 
 
 Holy writing. 
 HlEROPHANT. n. s. [it^otpann;.] One 
 who teaches rules of religion ; a priest. 
 Herein the wantonness of poets, and the crafts 
 of their heathenish priests and hierophants, abun- 
 dantly gratified the fancies of the people. Hale. 
 
 To HIGGLE, v.n. [of uncertain etj-mo- 
 logy, probably corrupted from haggle.'] 
 
 1. To chaffer ; to be penurious in a bargain. 
 
 In goiid otfices and due retributions we may not 
 be pinching and niggardly : it argues an innoble 
 mind, where we have wronged, to higgle and 
 dodge in the amends. " Hale. 
 
 Base thou art! 
 To higgle thus for a few blows. 
 To gam thy knight an op'lent spouse. Hudibras. 
 
 Why all this higgling wilh thy friend about such 
 a paltry sum? Does this become the generosity 
 of the noble and rich John Bull ? Arbnthno'l. 
 
 2. To go selling provisions from door to 
 door. This seems tlie original meaning, 
 such provisions being cut into small 
 quantities. 
 
 Higgledy-piggledy, adv. A cant 
 word, corrupted from higgle, which de- 
 notes any confused mass, as higglers 
 carry a huddle of provisions together. 
 
 Hi'ggler. n. s. [from higgle.] One 
 •who sells provisions by retail. 
 
 HIGH. adj. [feajj, Sax. hoogh, Dut.] 
 
 H T G 
 
 1. Long upwards ; rising above from the 
 sui-facc, or from the centre : opposed to 
 deep, or long downward* 
 
 Their Andes, or niouniains, were far higher 
 than tliosc with us ; whereb^f the remnants ol the 
 eeiieration of men were, in such a particular de- 
 nize, saved. Baam. 
 
 The higher parts of the earth being continually 
 spending, anci the lower continuaily gaining, they 
 must of necessity at length come to an equality. 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 2. Elevated in place; raised aloft; op- 
 posed to low. 
 
 They that stand high have many blasts to shake 
 them, 
 And, if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces 
 A/iafcesp. Richard III 
 
 High o'er their heads a mouhl'ring rock is plac'd, 
 That promises a fall, and sliakesat ev'ry blast Dry. 
 
 Reason elevates our thoughts as high as the 
 stars and leads us through the vast spaces of this 
 ^•glity fabrick ; yet it comes far short of the real 
 extent of even c'oipuieal being. Locke. 
 
 3. Exalted in nature. 
 
 The highest faculty of the soul. Baiter. 
 
 4. Elevated in rank or condition : as high 
 priest. 
 
 He wooes both high and low, both rich and 
 poor. Shakesp. 
 
 O mortals ! blind in fate, who never know 
 To bear high fortune, or endure the low. Dryden. 
 
 5. Exalted in sentiment. 
 Solomon liv'd at ease, nur aim'd beyond 
 
 Higher design than to enjoy his state. Milton. 
 
 6. Difficult ; abstruse. 
 
 They meet to hear, and answer such high things. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 7. Boastful ; ostentatious. 
 
 His forces, after all the high discourses, amount- 
 ed really but to eighteen hundreed foot. Clarend. 
 H. Arrogant ; proud ; lofty. 
 
 The governor made himself merry with his hi^h 
 and tlireatenina language, and sent him word he 
 would neither g^ve nor receive quarter. Clarendim. 
 
 9. Severe ; oppressive. 
 
 When there appearetli on either side an high 
 hand, violent prosecution, running advantages 
 taken, and combination, then is the virtue oT a 
 judge seen. Bacon. 
 
 10. Noble ; illustrious. 
 
 Trust me, I am exceeding weary. 
 ^Ihad tliought weariness durst not have attacked 
 so high blood — It doth me, though it discolours 
 the coraplection of my greatness to acknowledge 
 it. Shakesp. 
 
 11. Violent; tempestuous; loud. Applied 
 to the wind. 
 
 More ships in calms on a deceitful coast, 
 Or unseen rocks, thaninfti^ft storms are lost. Den. 
 Spiders cannot weave their nets in a high wind. 
 
 Duppa. 
 At length tlie winds are rais'd, the storra blows 
 high ; 
 Be it your care, my friends, to keep it up 
 In its full fury. Addison's Cato. 
 
 12. Tumultuous ; turbulent ; ungovern- 
 able. 
 
 Not only tears 
 R;nned at their eyes, but high winds worse within, 
 Began to rise ; high passions, anger, 
 IMistrust, suspicion, discord, hate, shook sore 
 Tiieir inward state of mind. Milton. 
 
 Can heav'niy minds such hich resentment show, 
 Or exercise their spile in human woe ? Dri/rfen. 
 
 13. Full ; complete : applied to time ; 
 now used only in cursory speech. 
 
 Hi^h time now 'gan it wax fur Una fair, 
 To thmk of those her captive parents dear. FtiiryQ. 
 
 Sweetwarriour, when shall Ihavepeacewith \'ou' 
 Hio;h time it is this war uvw ended were. Spenser. 
 
 It was high time to du so, for it was now cer- 
 tain that forces were already upon their march to- 
 wards the West. Clarendon. 
 
 It was high time for the lords to look about 
 them". Clat^mion. 
 
 H I G 
 
 li. Raised to any great degree : as, a high 
 pleasure; high luxury ; a high perform- 
 ance; a high colour. 
 
 Solomon live<l at ease, and full 
 Of honour, wealth, hi^h fare. Hilton 
 
 High sauces and spices arc fetch'd froni the 
 Indies. Baker. 
 
 15. Advancing in latitude from the line. 
 
 Thev arc forced to take their course cither high 
 to the North, or low to the South. Abbot. 
 
 IG. \t the most perfect state ; in the meri- 
 dian : as, by the sun it is high noon : 
 whence probably the foregoing expres- 
 sion, high time. 
 
 It is vet high day, neither is it time that the 
 cattle should be gathered. Gen. iiii. 7. 
 
 17. Far advanced into antiquity. 
 
 The nominal observation of the several davs of 
 the week is very high, and as old as the ancient 
 Egj,ptians, who named the same according to the 
 seven planets. Br<m<n. 
 
 18. Dear; exorbitant in price. 
 
 If tliev must be good at so high a rate, thej 
 
 know they may be safe at a cheaper. South. 
 
 1 0. Capital ; great ; opposed to little : as, 
 
 high treason, in opposition to pefly. 
 High. n.s. High place; elevation; supe- 
 rior region : only used with J'rom and on . 
 AVhich when the king of gods beheld from hi"h. 
 He sigh'd. Drudcn. 
 
 On High. Aloft; above; into superior 
 regions. 
 \\ ide is the fronting gate, and raised on high. 
 
 With adamantine columns threats the sky. Drtid. 
 
 High is iTiuch used in composition with 
 
 variety of meaning. 
 High-bles't. adj. Supremely happy. 
 
 The good which we enjoy from heav'ndescends- 
 But that from us ought should ascend to heav'n, 
 So prevalent, as to concern the mind 
 Of God high-blest, or to incline his will, 
 Hard to belief may seem. Milton. 
 
 High-blown. Swelled much with 
 wind ; much inflated. 
 I have ventur'd. 
 Like little wanton bov's that swim on bladders. 
 These nian^- Summers' on a sea of glory ; 
 But far bevond ray depth : my high-blown pride 
 At length broke under me, and now has left me. 
 Weary, and old with service, to the mercy 
 Of a rude stream, that must for ever hide me. Shak. 
 
 High-born. Of noble extraction. 
 
 Cast round your eyes 
 Upon the high-born beauties of the court ; 
 There chuse some worthy partner of your heart. 
 
 Roict. 
 Hi'gh-built. adj. 
 
 1. Of lofty structure. 
 
 I know him by his stride, 
 The giant flarapha of Galh ; his look 
 Haughty as is his pile, high-built and proud. MUt. 
 
 2. Covered with loftj' buildings. 
 
 In dreadful wars 
 The high-buitt elephant his castle rears. 
 Looks down on mau below, and strikes the stars. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 High-co'lourkd. Having a deep or 
 glaring colour. 
 
 .\ fever in a rancid oilv blood produces a scor- 
 butic fever, with high-coloured urine, and spots iu 
 the skin. FUyer. 
 
 High-desi'gning. HaWng great 
 schemes. 
 
 His warlike mind, his soul devoid of fear. 
 His high-designing thoughts were figur'd there. Orv. 
 High FED. Pampered. 
 
 .\ f;iv.nirile nuile. /if>/i-fi*rf, and in the pride o! 
 flesh and mettle, would still be bragtriiis of his 
 family. "L'&frimi:c, 
 
 High-fla'ming. Throwing the flame 
 to a great height. 
 
 895
 
 H I 'J 
 
 Hetacorabs of bulls to Neptune slain, 
 High-Jiamin^.yikRse the monarch of the mum.Pope. 
 High FLIER, n. s. One that carries his 
 opinions to extravagance. 
 
 She openly professeth herself to be a high-flier ; 
 and it is not improbable she may also be a Papist 
 at heart. Siiift. 
 
 High-flown, adj. [high and Jiown, 
 from fly.] 
 
 1. Elevated ; proud. 
 
 This stiff-neck' (i pride nor art norforce can bend, 
 Nor high-Jtown hopes to Reason's lure descend. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. Turgid ; extravagant. 
 
 This fable is a high-Jioicn hyperbole upon the 
 miseries of marriage. UEstrange. 
 
 HiGH-FL'viNG." Extravagant in claims 
 or opinions. 
 
 Clip the wings 
 Of tlieir high-fiying arbitrary kings. Vryd. Virgil. 
 
 High-he'aped. at/j. 
 
 1. Covered with high piles. 
 
 Theplenteousboard/iig/i-Aeap'dwithcates divine 
 And o'er the foaming bowl the laughing wine.Pope. 
 
 2. Raised into high piles. 
 
 1 saw myself the vast unnumber'd store 
 Of brass, high-heap'd amidst the regal dome.Pope. 
 
 High-heeled. Having the heel of 
 the shoe much raised. 
 
 By tliese embroider'd high-heeVd shoes, 
 She shall be caught as in a noose. Sv-ift. 
 
 High-hung. Hung aloft. 
 
 By the high-hung taper's light 
 
 I could discern bis cheeks were glowing red. Dry. 
 
 High-Me'ttled. Proud or ardent of 
 
 spirit. 
 
 He fails not in these to keep a stiff rein on a 
 high-mettled Pegasus ; and takes care not to sur- 
 feit here, as he has done on other heads, by an 
 erroneous abundance. Garth. 
 
 HigH-Mi'nded. Proud; arrogant. 
 
 BIy breast I'll burst with straining of mycourage. 
 But I will chastise this high-minded strum pet. S/io/;. 
 
 Because of unbelief they were broken off, and 
 tliou standest by faith : be not high-minded, but 
 fear. Horn. xi. 20. 
 
 High-principled. Extravagant in no- 
 tions of politicks. 
 
 This seems to be the political creed of all the 
 high-principled men I have met with. Swift. 
 
 High RED. Deeply red. 
 
 Oil of turpentine, though clear as water, being 
 
 digeeted upon the purely wliite sugar of lead, has 
 
 in a short time atforded a high-red tincture. Boyle. 
 
 High-se'asoned. Piquant to the palate. 
 
 Be sparing also of salt in the seasoning of all 
 
 his victuiils, and use him not to high-seasoned meats. 
 
 Locke. 
 High-si'ghted. Always looking up- 
 wards. 
 
 Let high-sighted tyranny range on. 
 Till each man drop' by lottery. _ _ Shakesp. 
 
 High-spi'rited. Bold ; daring ; insolent. 
 High-stomached. Obstinate; lofty. 
 
 High-stomach'd are they both, and full of ire ; 
 In rage, deaf as the sea, hasty as fire. Shakesp. 
 
 High-1 a'sted. Gustful ; piquant. 
 
 Flattery still in sugar'd words betrays, 
 And poison in high-tasted meats conveys. Denh. 
 High-vi'ced. Enormously wicked. 
 
 Be as a planetary plague, when Jove 
 Will (I'lT some high-vic'd city hang his poison 
 In the sick air. Shakesp. 
 
 High-wrought. Accurately finished; 
 
 nobly laboured. 
 
 Thoutriumph'st, victor of the /iig7i-u>rr)»g'it day, 
 And the pleas'd dame, soft smiling, lead'staway. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Hi'ghland. n. s. [high and land.] 
 Mountainous region. 
 
 H I G 
 
 The wond'ring moon 
 Beholds her brother's steads beneath her own ; 
 The highlands smoak'd, cleft by the piercing rays. 
 
 Addison. 
 Ladies in the highlands of Scotland use Ibis dis- 
 cipline to their children in the midst of Winter, 
 aiid lind that cold water does them no harm. Locke. 
 
 Highla'nder. ti. s. [from highland.] 
 An inhabitant of mountains ; moun- 
 taineer. 
 Ills cabinet council of highlanders. Addison. 
 
 Hi'ghly. adv. [from high.] 
 
 1. With elevation as to place and situa- 
 tion ; aloft. 
 
 2. In a great degree. 
 
 Whatever expedients can allay those heats, 
 which break us nito diifcrent factions, cannot but 
 be useful to the public, and highly tend to its 
 safety- Addison. 
 
 It cannot but be highly requisite for us to en- 
 liven our faith, by dwelling often on the same 
 considerations. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; ambitiously. 
 
 What thou wouldst highly, 
 That thou wouldst holily ; wouldst not play false. 
 And vet wouldst wrongly win. Shakesp. 
 
 4. With esteem ; with estimation. 
 
 Every man that is among you, not to think of 
 himself more highly than he ought to think. 
 
 Kcmi. xil. 
 
 Hi'ghmost. adj. [an irregular word.] 
 Highest; topmost. 
 
 Now is the sun upon the highmost hill 
 Of this day's journey. Shakesp. 
 
 Highness, n. s. [(rom high.] 
 
 1. Elevation above the surface ; altitude; 
 loftiness. 
 
 2. The title of princes ; anciently of kings. 
 
 Most royal majesty, 
 I crave no more than that your'highncss offer'd. Sha. 
 
 How long in vain had nature striv'd to frame 
 A perfect princess, ere her /i!»/in«scanie ? Waller. 
 
 Beauty and greatness are eminently joined in 
 your ro\"al highness. Dryden. 
 
 3. Dignity of nature ; supremacy. 
 Destruction from God was a terror to me, and 
 
 by reason of his highness I could not endure. 
 
 Job. xxxi. 
 
 HiGHT. [This is an imperfect verb, 
 
 used only in the preterite tense with a 
 
 passive signification : fatan to call, Sax. 
 
 hessen to be called. Germ.] 
 
 1. Was named ; was called. 
 
 The city of the great kin^ hight it well. 
 Wherein eternal peace and happiness doth dwell. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Within this homestead liv'd, without a peer 
 For crowing loud, the noble Chanticleer ; 
 So hight her cock. Uryden's Nun's Priest. 
 
 2. It is sometimes u.sed as a participle 
 passive : called ; named. 
 
 It is now obsolete, except in bur- 
 lesque writings. 
 
 Amongst the rest a good old woman was, 
 Hight mother Hubberd. Hubberd's Tale. 
 
 Hearn he hight. Pope. 
 
 Highwa'ter. n. s. [high and water.] 
 The utmost flow of the tide. 
 
 Thev have a way of draining lands that lie be- 
 low the /lig/i-ualcr, and are something above the 
 low-water mark. Mortimer. 
 
 Highwa'y. n. s. [high and way.] 
 1. Great road; publick path. 
 
 So few there be 
 That chuse tlie narrow path, or seek the right : 
 All keep the broad highuay, and take delight 
 With many rather for to go astray ._ Fairy Queen. 
 ■Two inscriptions give a great light to the his- 
 tories of Appius, who made the highway, and of 
 Fabius the dictator. Addison. 
 
 H I L 
 
 Ent'ring on a broad highwaii, 
 Where power and titles scatter'd lay. 
 He si rove to pick up all he found. ' Sxtifi 
 
 2. Figuratively a train of action, with ap- 
 parent consequence. 
 
 I could mention more trades we have lost, ano 
 are in the highuay to lose. Child on Tradr 
 
 Highwayman, n. s. [highway and 
 man.] A robber that plunders on the 
 publick roads. 
 
 'Tis like the friendship of pickpockets and /(ifffe 
 waymen, that observe strict justice among thern 
 selves. Beniley. 
 
 A remedy like that of giving ray money to an 
 highwayman, before he attempts to take it Dy 
 force, to prevent the sin of robbery. Swifi. 
 
 Hi'glaper. n. s. An herb. Ainsworth. 
 
 Hilarity, n. s. [hilaritas, haX,.] Merri- 
 ment ; gaiety. 
 
 Averroes restrained his hilarity, and made no 
 more tliereof than Seneca connnendeth, and was 
 allowable in Cato ; that is, a sober incalescence 
 for wine. Brown. 
 
 HlLD. in Elrick's grammar, is interpreted 
 a lord or lady ; so Hildehcrt is a noble 
 lord ; iMuthild an heroick lady. Gibson. 
 
 Hi'lding. n. s. []3ild, Sax. signifies a 
 lord : perhaps hilding means originally a 
 little lord in contempt, for a man that 
 has only the delicacy or bad qualities of 
 high rank; or a term of reproach abbrevi- 
 ated from hinderling degenerate. Hug.] 
 
 1. A sorry, paltry, cowardly fellow. 
 He was some hilding fellow, that had stol'n 
 
 The horse he rode on. Shakesp. 
 
 If your lordship find him not a hilding, hold me 
 
 no more in your respect. Shakesp. 
 
 A base slave, 
 A hilding for a livery, a squire's cloth. Shakesp. 
 
 2. It is used likewise for a mean woman. 
 
 Laura, to his lady, was but a kitchen wench : 
 Helen and Hero, hildings and harlots. Shakesp. 
 
 This idle toy, this hilding scorns my power. 
 And sets us all at nought. Rome's Jane Shore. 
 
 Hill. n. s. [\\\, Sax.] An elevation of 
 ground less than a mountain. 
 
 My sheep are thoughts, which I both guide and 
 serve ; 
 Their pasture is fair hills of fruitless love. Sidney. 
 
 .Jerusalem is seated on two hills. 
 Of heinlit unlike, and turned side to side. Fairf. 
 
 Three sides are sure imbar'd with craggs and hilU 
 The rest is easy, scant to rise espy'd ; 
 But mighty bulwarks fence the plainer part : 
 So art helps nature, nature strengtheneth att.Fairf. 
 
 When our eye some prospect would pursue. 
 Descending from a hill, looks round to view. Gran. 
 
 A hill is nothing but the nest of some metal or 
 mineral which, bya plastick virtue, and the eflScacy 
 of subterranean fires, converting the adjacent 
 earths into their substance, do increase and grow. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 
 Hi'llock. n.s. [{rom hill.] A little hill. 
 
 Yet weigh this, alas ! great is not great to the 
 greater : 
 What, judge ye, doth a hillock show by the lofty 
 Olympus. Sidney. 
 
 Sometime walking not unseen, 
 By hedge-row elms, on hillocks green. Milton. 
 This mountain, and a few neighbouring hillocks 
 that lie scattered about the bottom of it, is the 
 whole circuit of these dominions. Addison on Italy. 
 Hi'lly. adj. [from /(!'//.] lull of hills ; 
 unetjual in the surface. 
 
 Towards the /ii/(i; corners of Druina remain yet 
 her very Aborigines, thrust amongst an assembly 
 of mountains. Howet. 
 
 Climbing to a hilly steep. 
 He views his herds in vales afar. Drydm. 
 
 Lo ! how the Norrick plains 
 Rise hillii, with large piles of slaughter'd knighu. 
 
 Phulipi. 
 
 89C
 
 H I N 
 
 Hilly countriei afford the most eijtertaining 
 prospects, though a ruan would chuse to travel 
 through a plain one. Addiitm. 
 
 Hilt. n. s. Qjilr, Sax. from Jjealban to 
 hold.] The handle of any thing, par- 
 ticularly of a sword. 
 
 Now sits expectation in the air, 
 And hides a sword fn.ni hilt unto the point, 
 With crowns imperial ; crowns and coronets. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Talie thou the /nVf, 
 And wlien rav face is cover'd as 'tis now. 
 Guide tiiou tne sword. Shahesp. JuVtui Casar. 
 
 Be his this sword, whose blade of brass displays 
 A ruddv gleam ; whose kilt, a silver blaze, Ftipe. 
 HIM. [Jjim, Sax.] 
 
 1 . The oblique case of he. 
 
 Mc he restored unto my office, and him he 
 hanged. Ge7i. xli. 
 
 2. Him was anciently used for it in a na- 
 tural sense. 
 
 The subjunctive mood hath evermore some con- 
 junction joined with him. Accidence, 
 
 Himself, pron, [him and self,] 
 i. In ihe nominative the same as he, only 
 more emphalical, and more expressive 
 of individual personality. 
 
 It was a sparing speech of the ancients to 535, 
 that a friend is another himself'; for that a friend 
 is far more than himself. Bacon, 
 
 W ith shame reraenibers, while himself ^^zs one 
 Of the same herd, himself' the same had done. 
 
 Denham, 
 
 2. It is added to a personal pronoun or 
 noun, by way of eniphatical discrimi- 
 nation. 
 He /limsej/' returned again. Judges, 
 
 God himself h with us for our captain. Chi on. 
 a. In ancient authors it is used neutrally 
 ■ for itself, 
 B She is advanced 
 
 " Above the ckuds as high as Hcav'n himself,Shak, 
 4. In the oblique cases it has a reciprocal 
 signification. 
 David hid himself in the field. Samuel. 
 
 m. It is sometimes not reciprocal. 
 
 I perceive it was not altogether your brother's 
 evil disposition made him seek his death ; but a 
 provoking merit set a work by a reproveable bad- 
 ness in himself, Shakesp. 
 N'othing in nature can so peculiarly gratify the 
 noble dispositions of hun;anity, as for one man to 
 see another so much himself as to sigh his griefs, 
 and gruan his pains, to sing his joys, and do and 
 feel every thing by syrapatiiy. Stmth. 
 
 By Himself. Alone; unaccompanied. 
 
 Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiali 
 
 went another way by himself. Kings, 
 
 HiN. n. s, []h] A measure of liquids 
 
 among Jews, containing about ten pints. 
 
 With the one lamb a tenth deal of flour, mingled 
 
 with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil. 
 
 Eiod. x\ir. 40. 
 
 HIND. adj. compar. hinder ; superl. 
 
 hinmost. [Jjynoan, Sax.] Backward ; 
 
 contrary in position to the face ; as, hind 
 
 legs. See Hinder and Hindmost. 
 
 Bringing its tail to its head, it bends its back so 
 far til! Its head comes to touch its hind part, and 
 K) with its armour gathers itself into a ball. Ray, 
 
 The stag 
 Hears his own feet, and thinks they sound like 
 
 more. 
 And fears his hind legs will o'ertake Lis fore. Pope. 
 
 Hind. n. s. [pinbe, Sax. from hinnus, 
 
 Ut.] 
 I . The she to a stag, the female of red 
 
 deer. 
 
 How he slew, with glancing dart amiss, 
 A gentle Wind, the which the lovely buy 
 Did love as life. Ta'iry Queen, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 H I N 
 
 Can'st thou mark when the hiruh do caIvcrJo6. 
 ?*or Hercules more lauds ur labours knew. 
 Not tliough the braze n-f 00 teil hind he slew, Uryd. 
 
 2. [J?in^, Sax.] A servant. 
 
 A couph' of Ford's knaves, his hindSt were 
 called forth by their mistress, lo carrv me in the 
 name of foul cloaths tuDalchet-laiie. Shnktsp. 
 
 3, [);ineman, Sax.] A peasant ; a boor; 
 a mean rustick. 
 
 The Dutch, who came like greedy ftW« before. 
 To reap the harvest their ripe years did yield, 
 Now look like those, when rolling thunders roar, 
 And sheets of light'ning blast the "stand in j; field. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 He cloath'd himself in coarse array, 
 A lab'riu}! hind in shew. Drvdeni Fables. 
 
 Hindbe'rries. n. s. The same as rasp- 
 berries. jiiiiaiLorf/i. 
 
 To Hl'NDER. V. a. fj?in&nian, Sax.j To 
 obstruct ; to stop ; to let ; to impede. 
 
 Hinder rae not, seeing the Lord hath prospered 
 mv way. Gen. xxiv. 56 
 
 The whole world shined with clear light, and 
 none were hindered in their labour. Wisd. xvii. 20. 
 
 If the alms were hindered only by entreaty, the 
 hinderer is not tied to restitution, because en- 
 treaty took not liberty away from the giver.Tuutor, 
 
 Solitude damps thought and wit , too much 
 company dissipates and hinders h from fixing. 
 
 Teniple. 
 
 What hinders yom\get brothers, being fathers of 
 families, from having the same right. Lock^. 
 
 To Hinder, r. n. To raise hindrances; 
 
 to cause impediment. 
 
 You minimus of hindering knot-grass made ! 
 
 ahakesp. 
 
 This objection hinders not but that the hcroick 
 action of some commander, enterj>riscd for the 
 Christiaa cause, and executed happily, may be 
 written. DryJen. 
 
 Hi'nder. adj. [from hind.] That which 
 is in a position contrary to that of the 
 face : opposed to force. 
 
 Bears, fighting with any man, stand upon their 
 hinder ieet, and so this did, being ready to give 
 me a shrewd embracement. Sidney. 
 
 As the hinder feet of the horse stuck to the 
 mountain, while the b(jdy reared up in the air, 
 the poet with great difficulty kept himself from 
 sliding olf his hack Addisun. 
 
 Hi'n DERANGE, n. s. [from h'mdtr.] 
 Impediment ; let ; stop ; obstruction: 
 with of, sometimes with io, before the 
 thing hindered ; with to before the 
 person. 
 
 false opinions, touching the will of God to have 
 things dune, are wont to bring forth mighty and 
 violent practises against tlie hinderanccs of ihein, 
 and those practises new opinions, more pernicious 
 than the first ; yea, most extremely sometimes op- 
 posite to the first. Hooker. 
 
 They must be in ever? Christian church the 
 same, except mere impossibility of so bavins it be 
 the hinderance. Hooker. 
 
 What hinderance have they been to the know- 
 leHae of what is well done r Dryden. 
 
 Have we not plighted each our holy oath, 
 One soul should both inspire, and neither prove 
 His fellow's hinderance in pursuit of love ': Dryden. 
 
 He must conquer all these difficulties, and re- 
 move all tliese hinderances out of the way that 
 leads to justice. Atterbury. 
 
 Hinderer. n.s. [from hinder.] He 
 or that which hinders or obstructs. 
 Brakes, great hinderers of all plowing, grow. 
 
 May. 
 
 Hi'nderling. n. s. [from hind or hin- 
 der,] A paltr}% worthless, degenerate 
 animal. 
 
 Hi'ndermost. adj. [This word seems 
 to be less proper than hindmost.] Hind- 
 most ; last; in the rear. 
 
 H I N 
 
 He put the handmaids and their children fore- 
 most, and Leah and her children after, and Rachtrl 
 and Joseph hiTtdermatt. Centnt. 
 
 Like to an cnter'd tide they all rush by. 
 And leave you hindemiott. Sh/iktrp. 
 
 Hi'ndmost. adj. [hind smd most.] Ihe 
 last ; the lag ; that which comes in the 
 rear. 
 
 Tis not his wont to be the hindmcst man, 
 Whale'er occasion keeps him from us now. Shak. 
 
 lie met thee by the way, and ^mute the hind- 
 moit tit thee, even all that were feeble behind. 
 
 Deut. ixT, 
 
 Let him retire, betwjxt two ages cast. 
 The first of this, and hindmost ot the last, 
 A losing gamester. Orydtn. 
 
 The race by vigour, not by vaunts is won ; 
 So take the hindmost, hell — he said, and run.Pflpe. 
 
 H I N o E. n. s. [or hingle, from hangle or 
 hang.] 
 
 1. Joints upon which a gate or door turns. 
 
 At the cate 
 Of heav'n arriv'd, the gate sclf-open'd wide. 
 Oil i:'>lden hinges turning. MUtPn. 
 
 Tiien from the hinge their strokes the gate& di- 
 vorce. 
 And where tlie way they cannot find, they forc«. 
 
 Denham^ 
 Heav'n's imperioas queen shot down from high; 
 At her approach the brazen hinges fly. 
 The gates are forc'd. Dryden. 
 
 2. The cardinal points of the world. East, 
 West, North, and South. 
 
 If when llie moon is in the hinge at Bast, 
 Tlie birth breaks forward from its niitive rest ; 
 Full eighty years, if you two years abate. 
 This station gives. Creech's Manilius. 
 
 3. A governing ride or principle. 
 
 The other Ain^e of pnnisFiraent might turn up- 
 on a law, where*iy all men, who did not marry- 
 by the age of fi.'e and twenty, should pay the 
 third part of their revenue. Temple. 
 
 4. 'Jo Le off the hingts. To be in a state 
 of irregularity and disorder. 
 
 The man's spirit is out of order, and 00" the 
 hinges; and til! that be put into its right frame, 
 he will be perpetually disquieted. TiUotson. 
 
 .Methinks we stand on ruins, Nature suakcs 
 .^bout us, and this universal frame 
 So louse, that it but wants another push 
 To leap^rum off its hinges. Dryden. 
 
 To Hinge, v, a, [from the noun.] 
 !. To furnish with hinges. 
 2. To btnd as an hinge. 
 
 Be thou a fiatt'rer now, and hinge tlie knee. 
 And let his very breath, whom tboul't observe. 
 Blow o\X thy cap.^ Shakesp. 
 
 To Hint. r. a. [enter, Fr. Skinner.] 
 To bring to mind by a slight mention or 
 remote allusion; to mention iinperfectly. 
 
 VViiling to wound, and vet afraid to strike. 
 Just hint a fault, and hesftate dislike. Pcpe. 
 
 In waking «hi$pcrs, and repeated dreams, 
 To hint pure thought, and warn the favuur'd soul. 
 
 Thpmsfm. 
 
 To Hint at. To allude to; to touch 
 slightly upon. 
 
 Speaking of .-Vugustus's actions, he still remem- 
 bers that acricuiture ought to be some way hinted 
 at throughout the whole poem. • 
 
 Addiion on the Georgicla. 
 
 Hint, n.s, [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Faint notice given to the mind ; remote 
 allusion ; distant insinuation. 
 
 Ijet tiiu) strictly observe the first 5l>iing« and 
 intimations, the first /(mts and whispers of g-w>d 
 and evil, that pass in Ins Iieart. &ttth. 
 
 2. Suggestion ; intimation. 
 
 On this hint I spake. 
 She lov'd me fur the dangers 1 had pas*. SiiH.Othtl 
 Actions are so full of circumstances, that. ^ 
 men observe s 'me part^ more than nihero, ibt* 
 take ditferent /tints, and put diderciit intrrpre 
 tatiuhs on them. Addison 
 
 5 Y 897
 
 H I R 
 
 HIP. n. s. [fype, Sax.] 
 
 1. The joint of the thigh. 
 
 How now, which of your hips has the most pro- 
 found sciatica ? Shakesp. 
 
 Hippocrates alfirmetli of tiie Scylliians, that, 
 using continual riding, tliey were trenerally mo- 
 lested witli the sciatica or ftip gout. Braifji'jiruLL'r. 
 
 2. The haunch ; the flesh of the thigh. 
 
 So siiepherds use 
 To set tlie same mark on tlie hip 
 Both of their sound and rotten sheep. Hudibras, 
 
 Against a stump his tusits the monster grinds, 
 And ranch'd Ills /n'/)s with onecontinu'dwound.I^r]/ 
 
 3. To have on the hip. [A low phrase.] 
 To have an advantage over another. It 
 seems to be taken from hunting, the hip 
 or haunch of a deer being the part com- 
 monly seized by the dogs. 
 
 Tf this poor brach of Venice, whom I cherish 
 For his quicii hunting, stand the putting on, 
 I'll have our IMichael Cassio on tlie hip. Shukesp. 
 Hip. n. s. [from )5eopa. Sax.] The fruit 
 of the briar or the dogrose. 
 
 Eating ft ips, and d rink ingwat'ry foam. Hiift.Tu/e. 
 
 Wily sliouid yu\i want f Behold, the earth hath 
 roots ; 
 The oaks bearmasts, the briars scarlet AJ/js. Shak. 
 
 Years of store of haws and hips do commonly 
 portend cold winters. Bacoiis Nat, Hist. 
 
 To Hip. v. a. [from hip.] 
 
 1. To sprain or shoot the hip. 
 
 His horse was hipp'd. Siiakcsp. 
 
 2. Hip-hop. A cant word formed by the 
 reduplication of hop. 
 
 Your dili'erent tastes divide our poet's cares ; 
 One foot the sock, t'other the buskin wears : 
 Thus, while he strives to please, he's forc'd to do't. 
 Like Volscius hip hap in a single boot. Con^eve. 
 
 Hip. interject. An exclamation, or cal- 
 ling to one ; the same as the Latin eho, 
 heus ! Ainsworth. 
 
 Hip. X^^J- a corruption of /(^/;o- 
 
 Hi'ppiSH.j chondriack. Ainsw. 
 
 Hippoce'ntAUR. n. s. [lirmixu']avf&' ; 
 hippocentaure, Fr.] A fabulous mon- 
 ster, half horse and half man. 
 
 How are poetical fictions, how are hippocen- 
 tanrs and chimeras to be imagined, which are 
 things quite out of nature, and whereof we can 
 have no notion ? Dryden. 
 
 Hi'ppoCRASS. n. s. [hypocras, Fr. quasi 
 vimim FJippoci-atis.] A medicated wine. 
 
 Sack and the weli-spic'd hippocrass, the wine. 
 Wassail the bowl, with ancient ribbands iine.A'iji^. 
 
 Hi'ppocrates's Sleeve, n. s. A woollen 
 bag, made by joining the two opposite 
 angles of a square piece of flannel, used 
 to strain syrups and decoctions for cla- 
 rification. Qiiinci/. 
 
 Hi'ppoGRiFF. 71. s. [iWo©- and y^oi}' ; 
 hippogriff'e, Fr.] A winged horse ; a 
 being imagined by Ariosto. 
 
 He cauglit hiui up, and without wing 
 Oniipptigriff hoic tlirough the air sublime. Mi/(on. 
 
 HiPP'OPOTAMUS. n.S. [i'wwo{andiroTa^<&-.] 
 The river horse. An animal found in 
 the Nile. 
 
 Hi'psHOT. aflj. [hip and shot.'] Sprained 
 or dislocated in the hip. 
 
 Why do you go nodding and waggling so like 
 a fool, as if you were hipshat ? says the goose to 
 the gosling. L'Estrange. 
 
 Hl'pwoRT. n. s. [hip and wort.] A 
 plant. Ainsworth. 
 
 To HIRE. V. a. Qjypan, Sax.] 
 
 1. To procure any thing for temporary 
 use at a certain price. 
 
 H I S 
 
 His sordi'l avirice rakes 
 In excrements, niid .ji-es the jakes. DrydenU Juv. 
 
 2. To engage a man in temporary service 
 for wages, 
 
 The_y weigh silver in the balance, and hire a 
 goldsmith, and he niaketh it a eod. Tsa. xlvi. 6. 
 
 I cannot strike at wretched kerns, ^whose arms 
 Are hir'd to bear their staves. Skahesp, 
 
 3. To bribe. 
 
 Themetes first, 'tis doubtful whether hir'd. 
 Or so the Trojan destiny requir'd, 
 Mov'd that tlie ramparts might be broken down. 
 
 Dryden . 
 
 4. To engage for pay : with the recipro- 
 cal word. 
 
 They that were full, hired out themselves for 
 bread ; and they that were hungry, ceased. iSajn.ii. 
 
 5. To let ; to set for a time at a certain 
 price. This, to prevent ambiguity, has 
 sometimes the particle out ; as, hehb^ed 
 out his house to strangers. 
 
 Hire. n. s. [Jjyjie, Sax.] 
 
 1 , Reward or recompence paid for the use 
 of any thing. 
 
 2. Wages paid for service. 
 
 Great thanks and goodly meed to that good sire ; 
 He tiience departing gave for his pains hire.Spens. 
 
 I have five hundred crowns. 
 The thrifty hire 1 sav'd under your father. Shak. 
 
 Though iittle was their hire, and light their gain. 
 Vet somewhat to their sliare lie threw. Dryden. 
 
 All arts and artists Theseus could command. 
 Who sold for hire, or wrought for better fame.Dri/. 
 
 Hireling, n. s, [from hire.] 
 
 1. One who serves for wages, 
 
 Tiie hireling longs to see the sliades descend, 
 That with the tedious day his toil might end, 
 And he his pa^' receive. Sandys. 
 
 Ill the framing of Hiero's ship there were three 
 hundred carpenU-rs employed for a year, besides 
 many otlier hirelings for carriages. 11 ilkins'sDiEdal. 
 
 'lis fretiuent here to see a freeborn son 
 On the left hand of a rich hireling tun.Dryd. Juv. 
 
 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute 
 
 Now she shades thy evening walk witli bays. 
 No hireling she, no prostitute to praise. Pope. 
 
 Hi'reling. adj. Serving for hire ; venal; 
 
 mercenary ; doing what is done for 
 
 money. 
 Then trumpets, torches, and a tedious crew 
 
 Of hireling mourners for his funeral due. Dryden. 
 Hi RER. n.S. [from hire.] 
 
 1. One who uses any thing paying a re- 
 compence ; one who employs others 
 paying wages. 
 
 2. In Scotland it denotes one who keeps 
 small horses to let. 
 
 Hir'sute, adj, [hirsntus, Lat.] Rough; 
 rugged. 
 
 There are bulbous, fibrous, and hirsute roots: 
 the hirsute is a middle sort, between the bulbous 
 and fibrous; that, besides the putting forth sap 
 upwards and downwards, putteth fortn in rouna. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 His. pronoun possessive. [)5yf, Sax.] 
 I . The masculine possessive. Belonging 
 to him that was before mentioned. 
 
 England his approaches makes as fierce 
 As waters to the sucking of a ^ulph. Shak. II. V, 
 
 If much you note liim. 
 You shall otfend him, and extend hi» passion.<S/ia. 
 
 Heav'n and yourself 
 Had part in this fair maid ; now heav'n hath all. 
 And all the better is it for the maid : 
 Your part in her you could not keep from death ; 
 But heav'n keeps his part in eternal life. Shakesp. 
 
 If our father carry authority with such disposi- 
 tion as he bears this last surrender of /(«, it will 
 but otlend us. Shakesp. 
 
 He that is nourished by the acorns he picked 
 up under an oak in the wood, has appropriated 
 
 H I S 
 
 tliemtohiraseif: nobody can deny but the nourish* 
 ment is his. Locke. 
 
 Whene'er I stoop he offers at a kiss ; 
 And when my arms 1 stretch, he stretches his.Adi$. 
 
 2. It was anciently used in a neutral 
 sense, where we now say its. 
 
 Who can impress tiie forest, bid the tree 
 Unfix his earth-bound root? Shakesp. Macbeth, 
 
 Not the dreadful spout. 
 Shall dizy with more clamour Neptune's ear 
 In his descent. Shakesp. Troiliisand Cressida. 
 
 There's not the smallest orbwhichthuubehold'st. 
 But in his motion tike an angel sings. 
 Still cjuiring to the young ey'd chembims. Shak, 
 
 This rule is not so general, but that it admitteth 
 his exceptions. Carcw's Surveu of Cornwall. 
 
 Opium loseth some oi his poisonous quality if it 
 be vapoured out, mingled with spirit of wine. Bac. 
 
 3. It is sometimes used as a sign of the ge- 
 nitive case ; as, the mail h\s gi'ound, for 
 the man's ground. It is now rarely thus 
 used, as its use proceeded probably from 
 a false opinion that the s formative o* 
 the genitive was his contracted. 
 
 \\ here is tliis mankind now ? wiio lives to age 
 Fit to be made Methusalem /iis page ? Donne. 
 
 By thy fond consort, by thy father's cares. 
 By young Telemachus his blooming years. Piipc 
 
 4. is is sometimes used in opposition to 
 
 this man's. 
 
 Were I king, 
 I should cut off the nobles for their lands. 
 Desire /lis jewels, and this other's house. Shaketp, 
 
 5. Anciently before self. 
 
 Every of us^ each for his self, laboured how to 
 recover him. Sidney. 
 
 To Hiss. v. n. [hissen, Dut.] 
 
 1. To utter a noise like that of a serpent 
 and some other animals. It is remark- 
 able, that this word cannot be pro* 
 nounced withoutmaking the noise which 
 it signifies. 
 
 In the height of this bath to be thrown into the 
 Thames and cooled glowing hot, in that surge, like 
 a horseshoe -, think of that ; hissijig hot. Shakesp, 
 
 The merchants shall hiss at thee. Esefc.xxvii.So., 
 
 See the furies arise : 
 See the snakes that they rear. 
 How they Aws in their hair. Dry. Alexander's Feast. 
 
 Against the steed he threw 
 His forceful spear, which, hissing as it flew, 
 Pierc'd tlirough the yielding planks. Dryden. 
 
 2. To condemn at a publick exhibition ; 
 which is sometimes done by hissing. 
 
 Men shall pursue witli merited disgrace ; 
 Hiss, clap their hands, and from liis country chace. 
 
 Sandys. 
 
 To Hiss. V. a. [piycean. Sax.] 
 
 1. To condemn by hissing ; to explode. 
 
 Every one will hiss him out to his disgrace. 
 
 Eccles. xxii. 1. 
 
 She would so shamefully fail in the last act, 
 that instead of a plaudite, she would deserve to 
 be hissed off the stage. More, 
 
 I have seen many successions of men, who have 
 shot themselves into the world, some bolting out 
 upon the stage with vast applause, and others 
 hissed off, and quitting it witli disgrace, Dryden. 
 
 Will you venture your all upon a cause, which 
 
 would be hissed out of all the courts as ridiculous? 
 
 Collier on Duelling. 
 
 2. To procure hisses or disgrace. 
 
 Thy mother plays, and I 
 Play too ; but so disgrac'd a part, wliose issue 
 Will hiss me to my grave. Shakesp. Winter's Tale, 
 
 What s the newest grief j 
 — ^That of an hour's age dotii hiss the speaker. 
 Each minute teems a new one. Shakesp. Macbeth, 
 
 Hiss, n.s, [from the verb.] 
 1. The voice of a serpent, and of some 
 other animals. 
 
 He hiss for hiss return'd, with forked tongue 
 To forked tongue. MilUnu, 
 
 89S
 
 HIS 
 
 2. Censure ; expression of contempt used 
 in theatres. 
 
 He heard 
 On all sides from innumerable tongues^ 
 A dismal universal hiss, the sound 
 Ofpublick scorn ! Milton, 
 
 Fierce charupion fortitude, tbat knows no fears 
 0( kisses, bl ws, or want, or loss of ears. Pope. 
 
 Hist, interj, [Of this word I know not 
 the original : some thought it a corrup- 
 tion of hush J hush it, husht, hist; but I 
 have heard that it is an Irish verb com- 
 manding silence.] An exclamation 
 commanding silence. 
 Mute silence hist along ! 
 'Less Philorael will deign a song. 
 In her sweetest saddest plight, 
 Smoothing the rugged brow of night. Milton. 
 Hist, hist, says anotner that stood by, away, 
 doctor f for here's a whole pack of dismals coming. 
 
 Su-ijt. 
 
 Histo'rian. n. s. [hisforious, Lat. his* 
 torien, Fr.] A writer of facts and events; 
 a writer of history. 
 
 What thanks sufficient, or what recompence 
 Equal, have I to render tbee, divine 
 Historian ! MUton. 
 
 Our country which has produced writers of the 
 first figure in every other kind of work, has been 
 very barren in good historians. Addison. 
 
 Not added years on years my task could close. 
 The lon^ historian of my country's woes. Fope. 
 
 yiSTO'RICAL. Iflrf/. [historique, Fr. 
 HISTORICK. 3 historicus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Containing or giving an account of 
 facts and events. 
 
 Because the beginning seemeth abrupt, it needs 
 that you know the occasion of tliese several ad- 
 ventures ; for t?ie method of a poet ftirttmcaris not 
 stich as of an historiographer. Spenser. 
 
 In an historicat reFatJon we use terms that are 
 most proper and best known. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 Here rising bold the patriot's honest face ; 
 There warriors frowning in histarick brass. Pope. 
 
 2. Suitable or pertaining to history or 
 narrative. 
 
 With equal justice and historick care, 
 Tlieir laws, their toils, tlieir anus with his com- 
 pare. Prior. 
 
 Histo'rically. adv. [from kistorical.] 
 In the manner of history ; by way of 
 narration. 
 
 The gospels, which are weekly read, do all 
 kistoricallif declare something wliich our I^ord Je- 
 sus Christ himself either spoke, did, or suffered in 
 his own person. Hooker. 
 
 U hen that which the word of God doth but 
 deliver historically, we construe as if it were legally 
 meant, and so urge it further than we can prove 
 it was intended, do we not add to the laws of 
 God ? Hooker. 
 
 After his life lias been rather invented than 
 written, I shall consider him historicalltj as an 
 author, with regard to those works he has left 
 behind him. Pope's Essay on Homer. 
 
 To Histo'rify. v. a. [{roxa histori/.] 
 To relate ; to record in history. 
 O, muse, historify 
 
 Her praise, whose praise to learn your skill hath 
 framed me. Sidney. 
 
 The third age they term historicon ; that is, 
 such wherein rnatters have been mere truly histo- 
 rijied, and therefore may be believed, 
 
 Broun 's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Historio'grapher. n. s. [I'tojia and 
 'y^a(pu ; historiographe, Fr.] .An histo- 
 rian ; a writer of history. 
 
 The method of a poet historical is not such as 
 of an historiographer. Spenser. 
 
 What poor ideas must strangers conceive of 
 persons famous amojig us, should they form their 
 notions of them froru the writings of those our 
 hutariographert. Addison. 
 
 HIT 
 
 1 put the journals into a strong box, after the 
 
 raanTier of the hist<nio^raphers of some eastern 
 raonarchs. Arbuthnot's History of John BuU. 
 
 Historio'graphy. w. s. [Uo^'ia and 
 ypflt^,] The art or employment of an 
 historian. 
 
 HISTORY, n.s. [Uo^ia; historia, Lat, 
 histoire, Fr.] 
 
 1. A narration of events and fects delivered 
 with dignity. 
 
 Justly Ca.'*>ar scums the poet's lays ; 
 It is to historu he trusts for praise. Pope. 
 
 2. Narration ; relation. 
 
 The histonj part lay within a little room. H'isem. 
 What histories of toil could I tleclare? 
 But still long-weary'd nature wants repair. Pope. 
 
 3. The knowledge of facts and events. 
 
 History so far as it relates to the affairs of the 
 Bible, is necessary to divines. IVatts. 
 
 History Piece, w. «. A picture repre- 
 senting some memorable event. 
 
 His works resemble a large history piece, where 
 even the less important figures have some con- 
 venient place. Pope. 
 
 HISTRIO'MCAL, ladj. [from histrio, 
 
 HISTRIO'NICK, j Lat. histrion.Yr.] 
 Befitting the stage ; suitable to a player; 
 becoming buffoon ; theatrical. 
 
 Histrio'nically. adv. [from histrio- 
 nicai.] Theatrically ; in the manner of 
 a buflx)on. 
 
 To HIT. r. G. [from iciuSy Lat. JMinshew; 
 from hitte, Dan, to throw at random, 
 Juniiis.] 
 
 1 . To strike ; to touch with a blow. 
 
 When I first saw her T was presently stricken ; 
 and I, like a foolisli child, that when any thing 
 hits him will strike himself again upon it, would 
 needs look again, as though I would persuade 
 mine eyes that ihey were deceived. Sidney- 
 
 His conscience shall hit him in the teeth, arid 
 tell him his sin and folly. South. 
 
 2. To touch the mark ; not to miss. 
 
 Is he a god that ever flies the light ? 
 Or naked he ? disguis'd in all untruth ? > 
 If he be blind, how hittelh he so right? Sidney. 
 
 So hard it is to tremble, and not to err, and 
 to hit the mark with a shaking hand. South. 
 
 3. To attain ; to reach ; not to fail ; used 
 of tentative experiments. 
 
 Were I but twenty-one. 
 Your father's image is so hit ui you, 
 His very air, that l should call you brother. 
 As I did hira. Shakesp. 
 
 Search every comment that your care can tind, 
 Some here, some there, may hit the poet's mind. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 Birds learninc tunes, and their endeavours to 
 hit the notes rrght, put it past doubt that they 
 have perception, and retain ideas, and use them 
 for patterns. Loc/cc. 
 
 Here's an opportunity to shew how great a 
 bungler my author is in nitting features. Atterbury. 
 
 4. To suit ; to beconform ble to. 
 Hail, divinest melancholy • 
 
 W'hose saintly visage is too bright 
 
 To hit the sense of human sight. Milton. 
 
 5. To strike ; to catch by the right bait ; 
 to touch properly. 
 
 There you hit him : St. Dorainick loves cliarity 
 exceedingly : tliat argument never fails with him. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 6. To hit off. To strike out ; to hx or de- 
 termine luckily, 
 
 W^hat prince soever can hit off" this great secret, 
 need know no more either for nis own safety, or 
 that of the people he governs. TempU. 
 
 7. To hit out. To perform by good luck. 
 
 Having the sound of ancient poets ringing in 
 his ears, he mought needs in stuping hit out some 
 of their tunes. Spenser. 
 
 HIT 
 
 To Hit. r. n. 
 
 1. To clasti ; to collide. 
 
 If bodies be extension alone, how can llicj 
 move and Ait one against anolherf or what can 
 make distinct surfaces in an uniform eitettsion ■ 
 
 Bones, teeth, ai,d shells being suslainad in the 
 water with metalick corjiuscles, and the said cor- 
 puscles meeting with and hitting upon those bo- 
 dies, become conjoined with them. U'oi-dward. 
 
 2. To chance luckily ; to succeed bv ac- 
 cident ; not to miss. 
 
 Oft expectation fails, and most oft there 
 Where most it promises ; and oft it hiu 
 \\ here hope is coldest and despair most sits. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. To succeed ; not to miscarry. 
 
 The experiment of binding of thoughts would 
 be diversified, and jou are to note whether it hiu 
 for the most part. Bacon's Natural History. 
 
 But thou bring'st valour to*» and wit. 
 Two things that seldom fail to hit. Hudibras. 
 
 This may hit 'tis more than barely possible. 
 
 Dryiai. 
 
 All human race would fain be wits, 
 And millions miss for one that hits. Swyt, 
 
 4. To light on. 
 
 There is a kind of conve3-ing of effectual and 
 imprinting passages amongst compliments, which 
 is of singular use, if a man can hit upon it. Bacon. 
 
 You've hit upon the very string, which touch'd 
 Echoes the sound, and jars within mv soul ; 
 There lies my grief. Dryden' s Spanish Fniar. 
 
 It is much, if men were from eternity, that tliey 
 should not find out the way of writing sooner': 
 sure he was a fortunate man, who, after men had 
 been eternally so dull as not to find it out, had the 
 luck at last to hit upcm it. TiUotsm. 
 
 There's a just medium betwixt eating too much 
 and too little ; and this dame had hit upon't, when 
 the matter was so ordered that the hen brouglit 
 her every day an ege. L' Estranse. 
 
 None of thera Ait upon the art. jiddison. 
 
 There's but a true and a false prediction in ajiy 
 telling of fortune ; and a man that never Ails on 
 the right side, cannot be called a bad gnesser, but 
 must miss out of design. BerUley. 
 
 Hit. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A stroke. 
 
 The king hath laid, that in a dozen passes t>c- 
 tweeu you and him, he shall notexceed you three 
 Aits. Shakrsp. Hamlet. 
 
 So he the fara'd Cilician fencer prais'd, 
 .\nd at each hit with wonder seem amaz 'd. Dryd. 
 
 2. A chance ; a fortuitous event. 
 
 To suppose a watch, by the blind Aitsofch.iiice, 
 to perform diversity of orderly motions ; with(;ui 
 the regulation of art, this were the more pardona- 
 ble absurdity. GranvUie. 
 
 If the rule we judge by be uncertain, it is odds 
 but we shalljudge wrong ; and if we should judge 
 right, 3-et it is not properly skill, but chauce ; not 
 a Irue judgment, but a lucky Ait. South. 
 
 But with more lucky Ait than those 
 That use to make the stars depose. Hudibras. 
 
 The fisherman's waitin'', and the lucky Ait it 
 had in the conclusion, tell us, that honest endea- 
 vours will not fail. L'Estran^e. 
 
 If casual concourse did the world compose, 
 And things and Aits fortuitous arose. 
 Then any thing might come from any thing ; 
 For how" from chance can constant order spring ? 
 
 Blackmffrt. 
 
 3. A lucky chance. 
 
 Have all his ventures faiJ'd ? \\ hat, not one 
 Ail ? Shakem. 
 
 These Aits of words a true poet often finds, 
 without seeking. Dryden. 
 
 If at first he minds his Aits, 
 And drinks champaigne among the wits. 
 Five deep he toasts tlie tow 'ring lasses. Prior. 
 
 To Hitch, v.n. [hiejan, Sax. or AorAfr, 
 Fr. Skinntr.] To catch ; to move bj 
 jerks. I know not where it is used but 
 in the following passage ; nor here know 
 well what it means, ^^g
 
 HIT 
 
 Wh(.e'er ofTends at some unlucky time 
 SHdes ill a verse, or hitches in a rhyme ; 
 Sacred to ridicule liis wliole life long, 
 And the sad burthen of some merry song. Pope. 
 
 To Hi'TCHEL. v,a. [See Hatchel.] 
 To beat or comb flax or hemp. 
 
 Hi'TCHEL. n, s. [heckei, Germ. J The 
 instrument with which flax is beaten or 
 combed. 
 
 HiTHE. n. s. [hy^e. Sax.] A small 
 liaven to land wares out of vessels or 
 l)oats : as Queenhithe, and Larnhhitht, 
 niiw Lambtih, 
 
 HITIiEK. adv. [hi^eja, Sax.] 
 
 1. To tiiis place from some other 
 
 Ciesar, tempted with ihe fame 
 Of lliis sweet island, never ct)nquered, 
 And envying the Britons blazed name, 
 
 hideous liunger of dominion ! hither came. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Men must endure 
 Their going hence, even as llieir coming hither. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Who brought me hither 
 VVill bring me hence, no other guide I seek. Milt. 
 
 2. it is used in opposition : hither and 
 thither, to this place and that. 
 
 3. To this end ; to this design ; to this to- 
 pick of argument: \Jiiic, Lat. Hue refer 
 exitum.^ Not much used. 
 
 Hereupon dependeth whatsuever difference 
 there is between the states of saints in glory ; 
 kithei' we refer whatsoerer bciongetli unto the 
 highest perfection of man, by way of service to- 
 wards God. Hooker. 
 
 Hither belong all those texts, which require of 
 us that we should not walk after the flesh, but 
 after the spirit. Titlotson. 
 
 Hi'ther. adj. superl. hithermost. Near- 
 er ; towards this part. 
 
 After these, 
 But on the hither side, a different sort, 
 From the high neighb'ring hills descended. Milt. 
 An eternal duration nia3- be shorter or lunger 
 upitn the hither end, namely that extreme wherein 
 it is finite. Hide. 
 
 Hi'thermost. adj. [of hither^ adv.] 
 Nearest on this side. 
 
 That which is external can be extended to a 
 greater extent at the hithermost extreme. Hale. 
 
 Hi'therto. adv. [from hithtr.] 
 
 1. Yet ; to this lime. 
 
 Hitherto I liave only told the reader "hat nuLilit 
 not to be tlie subject of a picture or of a poem. 
 
 Vryclen. 
 
 2. In any time till now. 
 
 More ample spirit than hitJterto was wont. 
 Here needs me, whiles the famous ancestiies 
 Of my most dreadful sovcreicin 1 recimnt. Fairi/Q. 
 
 $. At every time till no"«v. 
 
 In this we are iiut tlicir adversaries, iho' they 
 in the other hitherto havL' b.-en ours. HookLr. 
 
 Hitherto, lords, what yoyr cummands impus'd 
 
 1 have perforni'd, as reason was, obeying. Milton. 
 Hitherto she kept her Idve cunceal'd. 
 
 And with those graces ev'ry day beheld 
 
 The graceful youth. Dryden. 
 
 He could nut have failed to add the opposition 
 of ill spirits to the good alone : this has hithcj'to 
 been the practise of the moderns. Dnjden's Jiiv. 
 
 To correct them, is it work that lias Iiitherto 
 been assumed by the least qualified hands. Snilt. 
 
 Hi'therwaR!). 'tadv. [hySejipeajib, 
 Ul'THERWARDS. ) Sax.J This way ; 
 towards this place. 
 
 Some [larcels of their power are forth already, 
 And only hiiherwarU. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 The king himself in person iiath set forth, 
 Or hitherwiirds intended speedily. Shakesp. 
 
 A puissant and mighty pow'r 
 Is marching hitherward in proud array. Shakesp. 
 
 HOA 
 
 Loiik now for no enchanting voice, nor fear 
 The bait of honej'd words ; a rouglier tongue 
 j)raws hitherward. Milton. 
 
 HIVE. n.s. [hype. Sax.] 
 
 1 . The habitation or artificial receptacle 
 
 of bees. 
 So bees with smolte, and doves with noisome 
 stench, 
 Are from their lilies and houses driv'n away. Shah. 
 
 So wand'ring bees would perisli in the air. 
 Did not a sound, profiorlion d to their ear, 
 Appease tlieir rage, invite thera to the hiue. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Bees have eacli of them a hole in tlieir hives ; 
 
 their lioney is tlieir own, and every bee minds her 
 
 own concerns. ^ Addison. 
 
 •2. The bees inhabiting a hive. 
 
 The cnmiiions, like an angry hire of bees 
 That want their leader, scatter up and duv/a.Shah. 
 3. A company being together. 
 
 What modern masons call a lodge, was by an- 
 tiquity called a hive of free masons ; and therefore, 
 wlicn' a disseniioM happens, the going off is to 
 this day called swarming. Siiift. 
 
 To Hive. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To put into hives ; to harbour. 
 
 Mr. Addison of Oxford has been troublesome to 
 nic : after his bees, my latter swarm is scarcely 
 worth hiving. Dri/den. 
 
 When bees are fidly settled, and the cluster at 
 the biggest, liive them. Mortimer's Husbandry. 
 •2. To contain, as in hives ; to receive, as 
 to an habitation. 
 
 Ambitious now to take excise 
 Of a more fragrant paradise. 
 He at Fuscara's sleeve arriv'd. 
 Where all delicious sweets are hiv'd. Cleaveland. 
 
 7b Hive. v.n. To take shelter together ; 
 to reside collectively. 
 
 He sleeps by day 
 Alore than the wild cat": drones Aire not with me, 
 Therefore I part with him. Sliakesp. 
 
 Ill summer we wander in a paradisaical scene, 
 among groves and gardens ; but at this season we 
 get into warmer houses, and hive together in cities. 
 
 Pape's Letters. 
 
 Hl'vER. n. s. [from hive.'] One who 
 puts bees in hives. 
 
 Let the hiver drink a cup of good beer, and 
 wash his hands and face therewith. Mortimer. 
 
 Ho. \intcrj. [e/io ! Lat.] A call ; a 
 
 HoA. 3 sudden exclamation to give 
 
 notice of approach, or any thing else. 
 
 W hat noise there, ho ? Shakesp. 
 
 Here dwells my father Jew : hoa, who's within > 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Stand, ho ! speak tlic word along. Shakesp. 
 
 When I cried hoa ! 
 Like boys, kings would start forth, and cry. 
 Your will. Shakesp, 
 
 Ho, ho, come forth and flee. Zech. ii. d. 
 
 Ho, swain, what shepherd owns that ragged 
 sheep .' Drt/Hen. 
 
 no A It. adj. [hap. Sax.] 
 
 1. White. 
 
 A people. 
 Whom Ireland sent from loughs and forests horc. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 Islands of bliss, all assaults 
 Baffling, like thy hoar clitfs the loud sea wave. 
 
 TIwni3on. 
 
 2. Grey with age. 
 
 It govern'd was and guided evermore 
 Thrutigh wisdom of a matron grave and hoar. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Now swarms the populace, a countless throng j 
 Youth and hoar age, and man drives man along. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 3. White with frost. 
 
 Hoarfrost. 71. s. [hoar and Jrost.l 
 The congelations of dew in frosty morn- 
 ings on the gi-ass. 
 
 HOA 
 
 When the dew was gone up, behold upon tlM 
 face of the wilderness there lay a small round 
 thing, as small as the hoar-frost on the ground. 
 
 Exod. xvi. 14, 
 
 In Farenheit's thermometer, at thirty-two de- 
 grees, the water in the air begins to frecEe, whicli 
 IS known by hoarjrosts Arbuthuot 
 
 HOARD, n. s. [hopb, Sax.] A store 
 laid up in secret; a hidden stock; a 
 treasure. 
 
 I have a venturous fairy, that shall seek 
 The squirrel's hoard, and fetch thee thence new 
 nuts. Shakesp. 
 
 They might have even starved, had it not been 
 for this providential reserve, this hoard, that was 
 stowed in the strata uwderncath, and now sea- 
 sonably disclosed. Woodward. 
 
 To Hoard, v. ?i. To make hoards ; to 
 lay up store. 
 
 He fear'd not once himself to be in need, 
 Nor car'd to hoard for those whom he did brcerl. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Happy always was it fur that son. 
 Whose father for his hoarding went to hell ? Shak. 
 
 To Hoard, v. a. 
 
 1. To lay in hoards ; to husband privily ; 
 to store secretly. 
 
 The hoarded ])lague of the gods requite your 
 love ! Shakefp. 
 
 \ on hoard not health for your own private use. 
 But on the publick spend the rich produce.Drj/d. 
 
 You will be unsuccessful, if you give out of a 
 great man, who is remarkable for Jus frugality 
 for the publick, that he squanders away the na- 
 tion's money ; but you may safely relate that he 
 hoards it. ArbiUhnot's Art of Political Lying. 
 
 A superfluous abundance tempts us to forget 
 Gtid, when it is /iO(ir(/e(/ in our treasures, or con- 
 sidered as a safe, indeiieudent provision laid up 
 for many years. Rogert. 
 
 2. It is sometimes enforced by the parti- 
 ciple 7tp. 
 
 I have just occasion to complain of them, who, 
 because they understand Chaucer, would hoard 
 him vpas misers do their grandam gold, only to 
 look oil it themselves, and hinder others from 
 making use of it. Dryden. 
 
 The base wretch who hoards up all he can. 
 Is prais'd, and call'd a careful thrifty man. Dryd. 
 
 Ho'arder. n. s. [from hoard.] One 
 that stores up in secret. 
 
 Since commodities will be raised, this altera- 
 tion will be an advantage to nobody but hoarden 
 of money. Locke. 
 
 Ho'arhound. n.s. [marrubium, Lat.] 
 
 A plant. 
 
 Hoarhonnd has its leaves and flower-cup covered 
 very thick with a white hoariness : it is famous 
 for the relief it gives in moist asthmas, of which a 
 thick and viscous matter is the cause ; but it U 
 now little used. Hilt. 
 
 Ho'ariness. n. s. [from hoai-i/.] The 
 
 state of being whitish ; the colour of old 
 
 men's hair. 
 
 He grows a wolf, his hoariness remains. 
 And the same rage in other members reigns. Dry. 
 
 HOARSE, adj. [haj-. Sax. heersch, Dut.] 
 Having the voice rough, as with a cold ; 
 having a rough sound. 
 
 Come, sit, sit, and a song. 
 — Clap into't roundly, without hawking or spit- 
 ting, or saying we are hoarse. Shakejp. 
 
 'The raven himself is hoarse. 
 That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan 
 Under my battlements. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 He sped his steps along the hoarse resounding 
 shore. Dryden. 
 
 The stock-dove only through the forest cooes, 
 Mournfully hoarse. Thomson, 
 
 900
 
 HOB 
 
 Ho'arsely. adr. [from hoarse.] With 
 a rough harsh voice. 
 
 The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely bav'd ; 
 The hunter close pursu'd the visionary maid. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ho'arseness. n.s. [from /loarsc] 
 Roughness of voice. 
 
 Tile voice is sometimes intcrcluded hy an ht>rse- 
 ness, or viscous i>Ii!egm. Holder. 
 
 I iiad a voice in heav'n, ere sulph'rous stLanis 
 Had danip'd it to a hoarseness. Drtjd. King Arthur. 
 
 The want of it in the \\ind-pipe occasions 
 hoars-»iess in tlie guliet, and riifficulty of swallow- 
 ing. Arbuthnot 07t Aliments. 
 
 HO'ARV. adj. [hap, hapunb. Sax. See 
 Hoar.] 
 
 1. White; whitish. 
 
 Tiius she rested on her arm reclin'd, 
 Tlie hoary willows wavitlfj with the wmd. Addison. 
 
 2. White or grey with age. 
 
 A comely pulnjer, clad in black attire, 
 Of rip'^st years, and hairs all hoary ^rey. Spenser. 
 Solytnan, marvelling at the courage and ma- 
 jesty of the hoary old prince in his so great extre- 
 mity, dismissed liim, and sent liini again into the 
 »citv. Knulles's History. 
 
 lias then my hoary Iiead deserv'd no better .''" 
 Howe. 
 Tlten in full age and hoary holiness, 
 Retire, gieat preacher, to tiiy promis'd bliss. Pri. 
 
 3. White with frost. 
 
 Tlie seasons alter ; hoary headed frosts 
 Fail in the fresit lap of the crimson rose. Shakesp. 
 
 4. Mouldy ; mossy ; rusty. 
 
 There was brought out of the city into the 
 camp ver3" coarse, hoary, moulded bread. 
 
 KnoUes^sHistorij. 
 
 To HOBBLE, v.n. [to /top, to hopph, 
 
 to hobb/e.] 
 1. To walk lamely or aukwardly upo;) 
 one leg more than the other ; to hitch ; 
 to walk with unequal and uncinnbered 
 I steps. 
 
 The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dri^d. 
 Some persons continued a liind of hobhling 
 march on the broken arches, but fell through. 
 
 Addison. 
 Was he ever able to walk witliout leading- 
 strings, without being discovered by bis hobbling? 
 
 Su-ijt. 
 
 5. To move roughly or unevenly.Feet be- 
 
 fing ascribed to verses, whatever is done 
 with feet is likewise ascribed to them. 
 
 Those ancient Romans had a sort of extempore 
 poetry, or untuneable hobbling verse. Vryden. 
 
 While you Piiidarick truths rehearse, 
 She hobbles in alternate verse. Prior, 
 
 Ho'bble. n. s. [from the verb.] Une- 
 ven aukward gait. 
 
 One of his heels is higher than the other, which 
 gives him a hobble in liis cait. GHlliver'sTravels 
 Ho'bbler. n. s. [from hobby.] 
 
 For twenty hobblers armed, Irislimen so called, 
 because they served ou hobbies, he paid sLi- 
 pence a-piece per diem. Davies. 
 
 Ho'bblingly. adv. [from hobble.] Clum- 
 sily ; aukwardly ; with a halting gate. 
 Ho'bby- n. s. [hobereau, Ft.] 
 
 1. A species of hawk. 
 
 They have such a hovering possession of the 
 Valtolnic, as an hobby hath over a lark. Bacon. 
 
 The people will cliop like trouts at an artificial 
 fly, and dare like larks under the awe of a painted 
 ^(■bby. L' Estrange. 
 
 Larks lie dar'd to shun the hobby's flight. Dri)d. 
 
 2. [Hoppe, Gothick, ahorse; hobin, Fr. 
 a pacing horse.] An Irish or Scottish 
 horse ; a pacing horse ; a garran. See 
 HoBBLER. 
 
 3. A stick on which boys get astride and 
 ride, 
 
 HOC 
 
 Those grve contenders about opinioiiative trifles 
 look likeaged Socrates upon his boy's InAihrt horse. 
 
 GlanvUle. 
 
 As young children, who are try'd in 
 Go-carts, to keep their steps from sliding. 
 When members knit, and legs grow stronger, 
 I\Iakc use of such machine no longer ; 
 But leap pro libitu, and scrmt 
 Ou iicjrse call'd hohbu, or without. Prior. 
 
 No hobby horse, with t^orgeous top. 
 Could \vitli this Rod of Sid compare. iwift. 
 
 4. A stupid fellow. 
 
 Ihave studied eight online wise words to speak 
 to you, which these hobhit horses must not hear. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Hobgo'blin. n. s. [.iccording to Skin- 
 ner, for robgvblins from Robin Good- 
 felloiv, Hob being the nickname of Ro- 
 bin : but more probably, jtccording to 
 ll'allis and Junius, hopgohlins empusa;, 
 because they do not move their feet : 
 whence, says JVa/lis, came tlie boys 
 play ofyb.r in the hole, the fox always 
 hopping on one leg.] A frightful fairy. 
 
 Fairie-^, blark, grey, green and white. 
 Attend _> our office and your quality : 
 Crier hobgoblin, make the fairy o-yes. Shakesp. 
 
 Ho'bit. 71. s. A small mortar to shoot 
 
 . little bombs. 
 
 Ho'bnail. n.s. [Ci-om hobbi/ and nail.] 
 A nail used in shoeing a hobby or little 
 horse ; a nail with a thick strong head. 
 
 Steel, if thou turn thine edge, 1 lieseech Jove 
 on my knees thou raay'st be tuni'd into hobnails. 
 
 Shakes}). 
 
 We shall buy maidens as lliey buy hobnails, by 
 the hundred. Shakesp. 
 
 Ho'bnailed. adj. [from hobnail.] Set 
 with hobnails. 
 
 A\'oul(r&t thou, friend, who hast two legs alone, 
 Would'st thou, to run the gantlet, these expose 
 To a whole company u( hobnuil\t siloes ? Dryden. 
 
 Hobnob. This is probably corrupted 
 from hub nab by a coarse pronunciation. 
 Si e Hab nab. 
 
 His iiicensenient at this moment is so impiaja- 
 Lle, that satisfaction can he none, but pangs of 
 death and sefiulchre : hobnob is his word ; give't, 
 or take't. Shakesi). 
 
 Hock. 7i.s. [The same with hou^h ; 
 
 })oh. Sax. I The joint between the knee 
 
 and the fetlock. 
 To Hock. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 disable in the hock. 
 Hock. \n. s. [from Hockheim 
 
 Ho'CKAMORE. I on the Maine.] Old 
 
 strong Rhenish. 
 Restor'd the fainting high and mighty, 
 
 With brandy, wine, and aqua vitte ; 
 
 And made 'em stoutly overcome 
 
 With hachrach, hockamore and mum. Hudibras. 
 \\ ine becomes sharp, as hock, like vitriolick 
 
 acidity. Ftoyer. 
 
 If c^'der-royal should become unpleasant, and 
 
 as unht to bottle as old hockamore, mix one hogs- 
 head of that and one of (art new cyder together. 
 
 Mort. 
 Ho'ckherb. 71. s. [hnck and herb.] A 
 
 plant ; the same with mallows. Ainsw. 
 To Ho'cKLE. V. a. [from hock.] To 
 
 hamstring ; to cut the sinews about the 
 
 ham or hough. Haninir. 
 
 HOCUS POCUS. [The original of this 
 word is referred by Til/otson to a form 
 of the Rornish church. Junius derives 
 it from hocced, Welsh, a cheat, and^oA-f 
 and pocits a bag, jugglers using a bag 
 for conveyance. It is corrupted from 
 
 HOG 
 
 some words that had once a meaning, 
 and which perhaps cannot be dis- 
 covered.] A juggle; a cheat. 
 
 'J'his grfl of hocus pocussing and of disguising 
 matters is surprising. L'Fjtrangt. 
 
 HOD. n. s. [corrupted perhaps in con- 
 tempt from hood, a hod being carried 
 on the head.] A kind of trough in wliich 
 a labourer carries mortar to the masons. 
 
 A fork and a hook to be tampering in clav, 
 A lath, hammer, trowel, a hod or a trav. TnJier. 
 
 Ho'dman. n.s. [hod and ma7i.] A la- 
 bourer that cames morlar. 
 Hodmando'd. n. s. A fish. 
 
 Those that cast their shell are the lobster, ttie 
 crab, the crawlish, and the hodmundod or dodnian. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Hodge-podge, n. s. [hache poche, 
 hochrpol quasi hachis en pot, Fr.] A 
 medley of ingredients boiled together. 
 
 They have made our English tongue a galli- 
 raaufrey , or hodge-podge 'if all other speeches. .S/jfn. 
 
 It produces excellent corn, whereof the Turks 
 make theirtrachanaand houhourt, a certain hodge- 
 podge uf sumiry ingredients. Sandys's Traieis. 
 
 Hodie'rnal. adj. [hodieriius, Lat.] 
 
 Of to-day. 
 Hoe. 71. s. [houe, Fr. houwe, Dut.] .An 
 
 in.strument to cut up the earth, of which 
 
 the bLde is at right angles with the 
 
 handle. 
 They should be thinned with a line. Mortimer. 
 
 To Hoe. r. a. [Itouer, Fr. houiven, Dut.] 
 To cut or dig with a hoe. 
 
 They must be continually kept with weeding 
 and hoeing. Mortimer. 
 
 HOG. n.s. [/iHfA, W'elsh] 
 
 1. The general name of swine. 
 
 This will raise the price of hogs, if wc crow all 
 to he pork-eaters. Shakesp. 
 
 The /<i'^, that plows not, ntjr obeys thy call. 
 Lives on the labours of this Lord o"f all. Pi^e. 
 
 2. A castrated boar. 
 
 3. To bi'ing hogs to a fair market. To 
 fail of one's design. 
 
 Vou have brought your hogs to ajine market. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 4. Hog is used in Lincolnshire for a sheep 
 of a certain age, I think of two years. 
 
 Skinner. 
 Ho'gcote. n. s. [hog and cote.] .\ 
 house for hogs ; a hogsty. 
 
 Out of a small hogcote sixty or eighty lo.-^d of 
 dung hath been raised. Mortimer. 
 
 Ho'ggerel. n. s. A two year old ewe. 
 
 ./4instrorth. 
 
 Hogh. n.s. [otherwise written /«», hoir, 
 or hough, from hoogh, Dut.] A hill; 
 rising ground ; a cliff. Obsolete. 
 That well can witness yet unto this day, 
 The western hogh, bcsprinkl'd with the gore 
 Of mighty Goemot. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Ho'gherd. n.s. [Aoo-, and )3y)-6 a keep- 
 er.] A keeper of hogs. 
 
 The terms hoghtrd and cow-keeper arenot to be 
 used in our poetry ; but there are no tiner words 
 in the Greek. Broome. 
 
 Ho'ggish. adj. [from hog.] Having 
 the qualities of an hog ; brutish ; gree- 
 dy ; selfish. 
 
 Suspicion Miso had, for the hoggish shrewdness 
 of her brain, and Slopsa, for a very unlikely envy. 
 
 Sidneif. 
 
 Ho'ggishly. adv. [from hoggish.] 
 Greedily; selfishly. „,
 
 HOL 
 
 Ho'ggishness. n. s. [from hoggish.] 
 Brutality ; greediness ; selfisliness. 
 
 Ho;GSBEANS. ^ ^^ ^ pj^^^^^ 
 
 HOGSMUSHROOMS. J 
 
 HoGSFENNEL. n, s. [kog and fennel.] 
 A plant. Ainstvorth. 
 
 Ho'gshead. U.S. [hog; and. head.'] 
 1. A measure of liquids containing sixty- 
 three gallons. 
 
 Varnrtt'lls, that every jugerum of vines yielded 
 six hundred urns of wine : according to this pro- 
 portion, our acre should yield fifty-five /n'^s/iearfs, 
 and a Hitle more. Ai-buthnot. 
 
 % Any large barrel. 
 
 Blow strongly with a pair of bellows into a 
 hogshead, putting into it before that which you 
 would have preserved ; and in the instant that you 
 witlidraw tlie bellows, stop the hole. Bacon. 
 
 They slung up one of their largest hotrshcads : I 
 drank it otl" , for it did not hold half a pint, 
 
 Guiiiver's Travels. 
 
 Ho'gsty. w. s. [hog and sty.] The 
 place in which swine are shut to be fed. 
 
 Tlie families of farmers live in filth and na^ti- 
 ness, without a shoe or stocking to their feet, or 
 a house so convenient as an EngMsli hogsty. Sio'if't. 
 
 Ho'gwash. n. s. [hog and tvash.] The 
 draff which is given to swine. 
 
 Your butler purloins your liquor, and the brewer 
 sells your hogwash. Aibuthnot's Hist, of John Bull. 
 
 Ho'iden. n. s, [hoedeiiy Welsh ; fcemina 
 kvioris famce, Lat.] An ill-taught 
 aukward country girl. 
 
 To Ho'iden. v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 romp indecently. 
 
 Some of them would get a scratch ; but we al- 
 ways discovered, upon examining, that ihcy had 
 been hoidening with the young apprentices. Swift. 
 
 To HoiSE. I V, a. [hausser, Fr.] To 
 
 To Hoist./ raise up on high. 
 
 'Tis the sport to have the engineer hoist up with 
 his own petar. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Join you with me ; 
 We'll quickly hoist duke Humphrey from his seat. 
 
 Shaktsp. 
 Hoise sail, and fly ; 
 And in thy flight aloud on Gratis cry. Chapman. 
 Auria had /(oised sail, and was on his way to- 
 ward the bay of Naupactus. Knolles's History. 
 They l.osed the rudder-bands, and hoised up 
 the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore. 
 Acts, xxvii. 40. 
 That man which prizetU virtue for ilself, and 
 cannot endure to hoiiC and strike his sails, as the 
 divers natures of calms and storms require, must 
 cut his sails of mean length and breadlh, and 
 content himself with a slow and sure navii^ation. 
 
 Italeigh. 
 
 What made Absalom kick at all tlic kindnesses 
 
 of his father, but because his ambition would 
 
 needs be fingering the sceptre, and /(oisftH^ him 
 
 into his father's throne f ^outh. 
 
 Wc thought for Greece 
 The sails were hoisted, and our fears release. Dry^/. 
 They hoist him on the bier^ and deal tlie dole, 
 And there's an end. Drydeii's Pcrs. 
 
 What haste she made to hoist her purple sails ! 
 And to appear magnificent in flight. 
 Drew half our strength away. Dryd. Alt for Love. 
 
 Their navy swarms upon the coasts : they cry 
 To hoist their anchors, but the gods deny, Dri/We". 
 Seize him, take, /(Of5t him up, break oil his hold, 
 And toss him headlong from the temple's wall. 
 
 Southern. 
 
 If 'twas an island where they found the sliells, 
 
 they straightways concluded that the whole island 
 
 lay originally at the bottom of the sea, and that 
 
 it was hoisted up by some vapour from beneath. 
 
 Wooduard's Natural History. 
 
 Hold, in the old glossaries, is mentioned 
 in the same sense with wold, i. e. a go- 
 vernour or chief officer ; but in soiae 
 
 HOL 
 
 other places for love, as holdlic lovely. 
 
 Gibson's Cambden. 
 
 To HOLD. r.ff. preter. held; part. pass. 
 
 held or holdtn, [haldan, Gothick ; pal- 
 
 ban. Sax. htnden, Dut.] 
 
 1. To grasp in the hand; to gripe; to 
 clutch. 
 
 Lift up the lad, hold him in thy liand. Gentsh. 
 
 France, tliou raay'st hold a serpent bj the tongue, 
 
 A fasting tvger safer hy tlie tuoth. 
 
 Than keep"in peace that hand which thou do'st 
 
 hold. Shakesp. 
 
 2. To connect ; to keep from separation. 
 The loops held one curtain to another. 
 
 Eiod. xxxvi. 12. 
 
 3. To keep ; to retain ; to gripe fast ; not 
 to let go. 
 
 Too late it was for satyr to be told,' 
 Or ever hope recover her again ; 
 In vain he seeks, that having cannot hold.F.Qneen. 
 
 Prove all things : hold fast that which is good. 
 
 2 Thes. V. 
 
 4. To maintain as an opinion. 
 
 Thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of 
 Balaam. Rev. 
 
 5. To consider ; to regard. 
 
 I as a stranger to my heart and me 
 Hold thee from this tor ever. Shakesp. 
 
 G. To think of; to judge with regai-d to 
 praise or blame. 
 
 1 hold him but a fool, that will endanger 
 His body for a girl that loves him not. Shakesp. 
 
 One amongst the fairest of Greece, 
 That holds his honour higher than his ease. Shak. 
 This makes thee, blessed Peace ! so light to hold. 
 Like Summer's flies that fear not Winter's cold. 
 
 Fairfaac. 
 Hold such in reputation. FhiUip . 
 
 He wrmld make us amends, and spend some 
 time with us, if we held his company and confer- 
 ence agreeable. Bacon 
 As Chaucer is the father of English poetry, so 
 I hold him in tlie same degree of veneration as the 
 Grecians held Homer, or the Romans Virgil .Dry. 
 
 Ye Latian dames, if any here. 
 Hold your unhappy queen Amala dear ! Drydeii. 
 
 7. To receive, and keep in a vessel. 
 She tempers dulcet creams, nor these to hold 
 
 \\ ants her fit vessels pure. Milton. 
 
 8. To contain ; to receive into its capacity : 
 as, a hogshead holds sixty-three gallons; 
 the sack is too little to hold the grain. 
 
 9. To keep ; not to spill. 
 
 Broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jerem. 
 
 10. To keep ; to hinder from escape. 
 For this infernal pit shall never hold 
 
 Celestial spirits in bondage. Millon, 
 
 1 1. To keep from spoil ; to defend. 
 
 With what arms 
 We mean to hold what anciently we claim 
 Of empire. Milton. 
 
 12. To keep from loss. 
 
 i\Ian should better hold his place 
 By wisdom. Milton. 
 
 13. To have any station. 
 
 The star bids the sliejiherd fold ; 
 Now the top of beav'n doth hold. Milton. 
 
 And now the strand, and now the [dain they 
 held ; 
 Their ardent eyes with bloody streaks were fill'd. 
 
 Drpden. 
 Observe the youth who first appears in sight, 
 And holds the nearest station to the Vight. Dryden. 
 
 14. To possess ; to have. 
 
 Holding Corioli in the name of Rome, 
 Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash. 
 To let him slip at "''ill. _ Shakesp. 
 
 The castle, holdcn by a garrison of Germans, he 
 commanded to be besieged. Kiiolles's Histtrry. 
 
 Assuredlv it is more sliame for a man to lose 
 that which lie holdeth, than to fail in getting that 
 wliich he never had. Hayward. 
 
 13. To Dossess in subordination. 
 
 HOL 
 
 He was willing to yield himself unto Solyraan 
 as his vassal, and of hnn to hold his seigniory for 
 a yearly tribute. Knolla. 
 
 1'Iie terms too hard by which I was to hold 
 The ^ood. Milton. 
 
 10. 1^0 suspend ; to refrain. 
 
 I\Ien in the midst of tiieir own blood, and so 
 furiously assailed, held their hands, contrary to 
 the laws of nature and necessity. Baccm. 
 
 Death ! what do'st ? O hold thy blow 1 
 What thou do'st, thou do'st not know. Crashaw. 
 
 17. To stop ; to restrain. 
 
 W'f cannot hold mortality's strong hand. Shak. 
 
 Fell, banning hag ! inchuntress, hold thy tongue. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Wlien straight the people by no forcecoiiipell'd, 
 Nor longer from their inclination held, 
 Break forth at once. Waller. 
 
 Unless thou find occasion, hold thy tongue ; 
 Thyself or others, careless talk may wrong. Denh. 
 
 Hold your laughter, then divert your fellow- 
 servants. Swift. 
 
 18. To fix to any condition. 
 
 His gracious promise you might. 
 As cause hadcall'd you up, liave/ie/d him to. Shak. 
 
 19. To keep; to save. 
 
 Stay but a little ; for my cloud of dignity 
 Is held from falling with so weak a wind, 
 That it will quickly- drop : my day is dim. Sltak. 
 
 20. To confine to a certain state. 
 
 The Most High then shewed signs for them, 
 
 and held still the flood, 'till they were passed over. 
 
 2 Esdr. xiii. 14. 
 
 21. To detain ; to keep in confinement or 
 subjection. 
 
 Him God hath raised up, having loosed the 
 pains of death, because it was not possible that 
 he should be hoUten of it. Acts. 
 
 22. To retain ; to continue. 
 
 These reasons mov'd her star-like husband's 
 heart ; 
 But still he held his purpose to depart. Dryden. 
 
 23. To practise with continuance. 
 
 Night 
 And chaos, ancestors of nature, hold 
 Eternal anarchy. Milton. 
 
 24. Not to intermit. 
 
 Seed-time and harvest, heat and hoary frost. 
 Shall /ii)U their course. Milton. 
 
 25. To solemnize ; to celebrate. 
 
 The queen this day here holds her parliament. 
 But little thinks we shall be of her council. Shak. 
 
 He held a feast in his house, like the feast of a 
 king. 1 Sam. 
 
 26. To conserve ; not to infringe. 
 Her husband lieard it, and held his peace. 
 
 Nwrtb. XXX. 7. 
 She said, and held her peace : iEneas went. 
 Unknowing whom the sacred sibyl meant. Dryd. 
 
 27. To manage ; to handle intellectually. 
 Some in their discourse desire rather commenda- 
 tion of wit, in being able to hold all arguments, 
 than of judgment in discerning what is true. Bac. 
 
 28. To maintain. 
 
 Vi hereupon Ihcy also made engines against their 
 engines, and held them battle a long season. 
 
 1 Mac. vi. 58. 
 
 29. To carry on conjunctively. 
 
 The Pharisees held a council against him. Malt 
 A while discourse they hold. Milton. 
 
 30. To prosecute ; to continue. 
 
 He came to the land's end, where he /loWiiig 
 his course towards the West, did atlength peacea- 
 bly pass through the straits. Abbot. 
 
 31. To hold forth. To offer to exhibit; 
 
 to propose. 
 
 Christianity caiue into the world with the great- 
 est simplicity of thought and language, as well as 
 life and manners, holding forth nothing but piety, 
 charity, and humility, with the belief of the Mes- 
 siah .-liid of his kingdom. Temple. 
 
 Observe the connection of ideas in the proposi- 
 tions, which booki hold forCh and pf eten<l to leach 
 as truths ^■«'(ie. 
 
 902
 
 H O L 
 
 My account is so far from interfering with 
 Moses, that it /(0W5 /brf/i a natural interpretation 
 of his sense. Wooduurd. 
 
 To hold forth. To protend ; to put for- 
 ward to view. 
 
 How joyful and pleasant a thing is it to have a 
 light held ns forth frora heaven to direct our steps ! 
 
 Cheyyie. 
 
 S3. To hold in. To restrain ; to govern 
 by the bridle. 
 
 I have lately sold my nag, and honestly told his 
 greatest fault, which is, that he became such a lover 
 of liberty, that I could scarce hold him in. Sic'ift. 
 
 34. To hold in. To restrain in general. 
 
 These men's hastiness the warier sort of you 
 doth not commend ; ye wish they had held them- 
 selves longer in, and not so dangerously flown 
 abroad. Hooker. 
 
 S5. To hold off. To keep at a distance. 
 
 Altliough 'tis fit that Cassio have his place ; 
 Yet, if you please to hold him off a. while. 
 You shall by that perceive him. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 The object of ^iglit df)th strike upon tlic pupil 
 of the eye directly, without any interception ; 
 whereas the cave of the ear doth held off'ihe sound 
 a little fr'>m the organ Bacon. 
 
 1 am the hotter acquainted with you forabsence, 
 as men are with themselves for aihiction: absence 
 does but hold off a friend, to make one see him 
 truly. Pope to Swiji. 
 
 36. To hold on. To continue ; to pro- 
 tract ; to push forward. 
 
 They took Barbarossa, holding on his course to 
 
 Africk, who brought great fear upon the country. 
 
 Knolles's History. 
 
 If the obedience challenged were indeed due, 
 then did uur brethren both begin the quarrel and 
 hold it on. Saunderson. 
 
 37. To hold out. To extend ; to stretch 
 fortli. 
 
 The king held out to Esther the golden sceptre 
 that was in his hand. Esth. v. 2. 
 
 38. To hold out. To offer ; to propose. 
 
 Fortune holds out these to you, as rewards. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 39. To hold out. To continue to do or 
 suffer. 
 
 He cannot long hold out these pangs, 
 Th' incessant care and labour of his raind.Sftn?cesp. 
 
 40. To holdup. To raise aloft. 
 
 I should remember him : does he not hold up his 
 head, as it were, and strut in his gait ? Shakesp. 
 
 The hand of tlie Almighty visibly held up, and 
 prepared to take vengeance. Locke. 
 
 41. To holdup. To sustain ; to support 
 by influence or contrivance. 
 
 There is no man at once either excellently good 
 or extremely evil, but grows either as he nolds 
 himself wp in virtue, or lets himself slide to vicious- 
 ness. Sidneu- 
 
 It followelh, that all which they do in this sort 
 prureedeth originally from some such agent as 
 knoweth, appointeth, holdeth up, and actually 
 frameth the same. Hooker. 
 
 The time misorder'd doth in common sense 
 Crowd us, and crush us to this monstrous form, 
 To hold t'Ur safety up. Shakesp. 
 
 And so success of mischief shall be borne. 
 And heir from heir shall hold his quarrel up. Shak. 
 
 Those princes have /leW up their sov'reigntybest, 
 which have been sparing in those grants. Vavies. 
 
 Then do not strike him dead witli a denial. 
 But hold him 7ip in life, and cheer his soul 
 With the faint gUmmering of a doubtful hope. 
 
 Addis. Cato. 
 
 42. To keep frora falling ; materially. 
 
 We have often made one considerably thick 
 piece of marble take and hold up another, having 
 purposely caused their flat surfaces to be carefully 
 ground and polished. ^ Boyle. 
 
 To Hold. r.n. 
 
 1. To stand ; to be right ; to be without 
 exception. 
 
 H O L 
 
 To say that simply an argument, taken from 
 man's authority, dolh hold no way, neither athr- 
 raativeiy nor negalively, is hard. Ho'iker. 
 
 This hiildeth nut in the sea-coasts. Bacon. 
 
 The lasting <if plants is most in those that art- 
 largest of body ; as oak, elm, and chesnut, and 
 this holdeth in trees ; but in herbs it is often con- 
 trary. Baron. 
 
 \Vhcn tlie religion formerly received is rent by 
 discords, and when the holiness of the professors of 
 religion is decayed, and full of scandal, and withal 
 the times be stu|)id, ignorant, and barbarous, you 
 may doubt the springing up of a new sect ; if then 
 also there sh(mld arise any extravagant and strange 
 spirit, to make himselt author thereof ; all which 
 points held when Maluunet published his law.iJuc. 
 
 Nothing can be of greater use and defence to 
 the mind than the discovering of the colours of 
 good and evil, shewing in what cases they hold, 
 and in what tliey deceive. Bacon. 
 
 Where outward force constrains, the sentence 
 holds ; 
 But who constrains me ? Milton. 
 
 None of his solutions will hold by mere mecha- 
 nicks. More. 
 
 This unseen agitation of the minute parts will 
 hold in light and spirituous liquors. iioy/e. 
 
 The drift of this figure holds good in all the parts 
 of the creation. L'Estrange. 
 
 The reasons given by them against the worship 
 of images, will equally hold against the worship 
 of images amongst Christians. Stillingjiect 
 
 It holds in ail operative princijdes whatsoever, 
 but especially in such as relate to morality ; in 
 which not to proceed, is certainly to go backwitrd. 
 
 South. 
 
 The proverb holds, that to be wise and love, 
 Is hardly granted to the gods ahove.Dr yd. Fables. 
 
 As if ill' experiment were made to hold 
 For base production, and reject the ^oid.Dryden. 
 
 This remark, I must acknowledge, is not so 
 proper for the colouring as the design, but it will 
 hold for both. Druden, 
 
 Our authoroffers no reason ; and when any body 
 does, we shall see whether it will hold or no. Locke. 
 
 The rule holds in land as well as all other com- 
 modities. Locke. 
 
 This seems to hold in most cases. Addison. 
 
 The analogy holds good, and precisely keeps to 
 the same properties in the planets and comets. 
 
 Cheyne. 
 
 Sanctorius's experiment of perspiration, being 
 to the other secretion as five to three, does not 
 hold in this country, except in the hottest time of 
 Summer. Arbuthnot on ATunents. 
 
 Ill words, as fashions, the same rule will hold ; 
 Alike fantaslick, if too new or old. Pope. 
 
 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. 
 
 Our force by land hath nobly held. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To last ; to endure. 
 
 We see, by the peeling of onions, what a hold- 
 ing^ substance the skin is. Bacon. 
 
 Never any man w-as yet so old. 
 But hop'd liis life one Winter more might hold. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 4. To continue without variation. 
 
 We our state 
 Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds. Milt. 
 He did not hold in this mind long. L'Estrange. 
 
 5. To refrain. 
 
 His dauntless heart would fain have held 
 From weeping, but his eyes rebell'd. Dryden. 
 
 6. To stand up for ; to adhere. 
 
 Through envy of the devil came death into the 
 world, and they that do hold of his side do find it. 
 
 _ Wisd. ii. 24. 
 
 They must, if they hold to their principles, 
 agree that things had their production always as 
 now they have. Hale. 
 
 When Granada for your uncle held, 
 You was by us restored, and he expelTd. Dryden. 
 
 Numbers hold 
 With the fair freckled king and beard of gold : 
 So vig'rous are his eyes, such rays they cast. 
 So prominent his eagle's beak is plac a. Dryden. 
 
 7. To be dependent on. 
 
 The other two were great princes, though /(o/d- 
 in^ of him; men both of giaut-like liugeness and 
 force. Sidney. 
 
 H O L 
 
 The mother, if the house hoUli of tlie lady, had 
 rather, yt-a and will, have her son cunning and 
 bold. Ascham. 
 
 The great barons had not only great numbers of 
 knights, but even petty barons holding under 
 them. Temple. 
 
 Aly crown is absolute, and holdi of none. Dryd. 
 
 ft. To derive right. 
 
 'Tis true, from force the noblest title springs ; 
 I tlierefore hold frora that which first made kings. 
 
 Dryden. 
 9. To maintain an opinion. 
 
 Men hold and profess without ever Jiaving exa- 
 mined. Locke. 
 JO. To hold forth. Toharrangue ; to speak 
 in publick ; to set forth publickly. 
 
 A petty conjuror, telling fortunes, hetdj'orth in 
 the market-place. L'tMrange. 
 
 J 1. 7b hold in. To restrain one's self, 
 I am ftdl of the fury of the Lord : I am wearj 
 with holding in. Jer. vi. 11. 
 
 12. To hold in. To continue in luck, 
 
 A duke, playing at hazard, fif/J ma great many 
 hands together. Sicift. 
 
 13. To hold off . To keep at a distance 
 without closing with offers. 
 
 These are interests important enough, and yet 
 we must be wooed to consider thera ; nay, tnat 
 does not prevail neither, but with a pen'erse coy- 
 ness we hold off. Decay of Piety. 
 
 14. To hold on. To continue ; not to be 
 inteiTupted. 
 
 The trade held on for many years after the bi- 
 shops became Protestants; and some of their names 
 are still remembered with infamy, on account of 
 enriching their families by such sacrilegious aliena- 
 tions. Simft. 
 
 15. To hold on. To proceed. 
 
 He held on, however, 'till he was upon the very 
 point of breaking. L' Estrange. 
 
 16. To hold out. To last ; to endure. 
 
 Before those dews that form manna corae upon 
 trees in the valleys, they dissipate, and cannot 
 hold out. Bacon. 
 
 As there are mountebanks for tlie natural body, 
 so are there mountebanks for the politick body j 
 men that perhaps have been lucky in two or three 
 experiments, but want the grounds of science, 
 and therefore cannot /i(j/d nut. Bacon. 
 
 Truth, fidelity, and justice, arc a sure way of 
 thriving, and will hold out, when all fraudulent 
 arts and devices will fail. Tillotson. 
 
 By an extremely exact regimen a consumptive 
 person may hold out for years, if tlie svraptoms 
 are not violent. Arhiithnot. 
 
 17. To hold out. Not to yield ; not to 
 be subdued. 
 
 The great master went with his company to a 
 place where the Spaniards, sore charged by .\chi- 
 nietes, had much ado to hold out. KnoUcs'snistory. 
 
 You think it strange a person, obsequious to 
 those he loves, should hold out so long against im- 
 portunity. Boyle. 
 
 Nor could the hardest ir'n hold out 
 A"aiiist his blows. Hudibras. 
 
 1 would cry nov. . my eyes^row womanish ; 
 But yet my heart holds out. Uryd. Spanish Fryar. 
 
 The citadel of Aliian has held out formerly, after 
 Uie conquest of the rest of the dutchy. Addison. 
 
 Pronounce your thoughts: are they still fixt 
 To hold it out, and fighl'it to the last? 
 Orare your hearts subdu'd at length, and wrought. 
 By time and ill success, to a submission ? Addison. 
 
 As to the holding out against so many alteraliont 
 of state, it sometimes proceeds from principles. 
 
 Collier on Pride. 
 
 18. To hold together. To be joined. 
 Those old Gothtck castles made at several times, 
 
 hold together on\y , as it were, by rags and patchei. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 10. To hold together. To remain in 
 union, 
 
 ii03
 
 H O L 
 
 tven outlaws ana robbers, who break with all 
 the world besides, must keep faith aniungst them- 
 selves, or else they cannot hold together. Locke. 
 
 20. To hold tip. To support himself. 
 
 All the wise sayings which philosophers could 
 musrer up, have helped only to support sonje few 
 stout and obstinate minds, which, without tlie 
 assistance (tf jliilusophy, couid have held up pretty 
 well of themselves. " Tillotson. 
 
 21. To hold up. Not to be foul weather. 
 
 Thonoli nice and dark ihe point apjiear, 
 Quoth Ralph, it may hold up and clear. Hudibras. 
 
 22. To hold up. To continue the same 
 speed „ 
 
 When two start into the world together, tlie 
 success of the first seems to press upon the repu- 
 tation of the latter ; for why could nor he hold up? 
 Collier of Envy. 
 
 23. To hold with. To adhere to ; to co- 
 operate with. 
 
 There is none that holdeth with me in these 
 things but Michael, Daniel. 
 
 Hold has the appearance of an interjec- 
 tion ; but is the imperative mood. For- 
 bear ; stop ; be still. 
 
 Hold, hii ! lieutenant — sir — Montane! Gentle- 
 men, 
 Have jou forgot all sense of place and duty ? 
 The general speaks to you — hold, hold, for sli;ime ! 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Hold, hold ! are all thy empty wishes such ! 
 A good old woman woufd have said as much.Dr^. 
 
 Hold. w. s. [from the verb. 
 L The act of seizing; gripe; grasp; 
 seizure. It is used with great frequen- 
 cy, both literally and figuratively, both 
 for manual and intellectual agency. The 
 verbs with which it is oftenest united, 
 are take, lay, and have. 
 
 Those bards delivered no certain truth of any 
 thinji ; neither is there any cerlHin hold to be taken 
 of any antiquity which is received by tradition. 
 Spenxtron Ireland. 
 
 Tlie wits of the mullitude arc such, that many 
 things they cannot lay hold on at once. Hooker. 
 
 Uzzali put forth his hand to the ark of God, and 
 took hold of it ; for the oxen shuok it. 2 Sam. vi. 6. 
 
 This is to give liim iiheity and power : 
 Ratlier thou should'st/(ii/ /n>M upon liiui, send lum 
 To deserv'd death, and a just putii>hmeat. Be/i/ffn 
 
 Let but them 
 Find couirt^e to lay hold on this occasion. Milton. 
 
 The devil himself, when let junse upon .lub, 
 could not transport that i)iaient pood man beyond 
 bis temper, or make hini quit his hold L' Estrange. 
 
 He seiz'd the shining bough vvith griping hold, 
 And rent away with ea^e the Wuiz'nng gnld. Dryd. 
 
 The hand is divided into four fingers bending 
 forwards, and one opposite to tJiem bending back- 
 wards, and of greater strength than any of them 
 singly, which we call the thumb, to join with them 
 severally or united, whereby it is fitted to lay hold 
 of objects of any size or quantily.Rav oji the Creat. 
 
 Yet then, from all my grief, O Lord, 
 Thy mercy set rae free, 
 
 \\ hilst 111 the confidence of pray'r, 
 IMv soul took hold on thee. Addison. 
 
 VVe are stranj-ely backward to lay hold of this 
 safe, this only method of cure. Atterbury. 
 
 He kept his hold, 
 Nor lost 'till beauty was decay 'd and old. 
 And love was by possession pall'd and cold. Gran. 
 %. Something to be held ; support. 
 
 If a man he upon an high place, without rails 
 or good hold, he is ready to fall. Bacon. 
 
 St. I^ower of keeping. 
 
 On your vigour now, 
 My hold of this new kingdom all depends. Mi^fon. 
 
 4. Catch ; jiower of seizing. 
 
 The law hath yet another hold on you. Shakesp, 
 
 5, Prison ; place of custody. 
 
 They lay him in hold, because it was not de- 
 clared what was to be done with him. Hooker. 
 
 HOL 
 
 The pri'.oner to his hold retir'd. Dryden. 
 
 They laid hands on them, and put them in hold 
 
 unto the next day. Acts. 
 
 6. Custody. 
 Kin;; Richard, he is in tlie mighty hold 
 
 Of l»ollingbroke. Shakesp. 
 
 7. Power; intluence operating on the 
 mind. 
 
 Rural recreations abroad, and books at home, 
 are the iimocent pleasures of a man who is early 
 wise ; and give fortune no more hold of him than 
 of necessilv he must. Dryden. 
 
 Fear is "that passion wiiich hath tlie gre"atest 
 power over us, and by which God and his laws 
 take the surest hold nf us. Tillotson. 
 
 Let it consist wiili an unbeliever's interest and 
 safetv to wrong; vou, and then it will he inii)ossi- 
 ble you can have any hold upon him, because there 
 is nothing left to give him a check, or to put in 
 the balance against his I'rofit. Swift. 
 
 8. Hold of a ship. All that part which 
 lies between the keelson and the lower 
 deck . Han-is. 
 
 Now a sea into the hold wns got, 
 Wave upon wave ainither sea had wrouglit Drvr/. 
 
 0. A lurking place : as the hold of a wild 
 beast or deer. 
 
 10. A fortified place ; a fort ; a safe resi- 
 dence. 
 
 It was his policy to leave no hold behind him ; 
 but make all plain and waste. Speiiser. 
 
 These separated ihemselves unto David, into 
 the hoUl to the wilderness, men of might Chron. 
 
 He shiill destroy the strong holds. Jeremiah, 
 
 Ho'ldek. n. s, [from hold,] 
 
 1. One that holds or gripes any thing in 
 his hand. 
 
 The makers and holders o( plows are wedded to 
 their own particular way. Mortuner. 
 
 2. A tenant; one tliat holds land under 
 another. 
 
 In times past holdings w'ere so plentiful, and 
 holders so scarce, as well was the landlord, wlio 
 could not gel one to be liis tenant. Carcw. 
 
 Holderfo'rth. 71, s. [hold anilforfh.] 
 An laranguer; one who speaks in 
 publick. 
 
 Whence some tub holdcrsfnrth have made 
 In powd'riiiw tubs the richest trade. Hudibras. 
 
 He was confirmed in this opinion upon seeing 
 the holdcrforth. Addison. 
 
 Ho'ldfast. V, s. [hold SLYid fast ,] Any 
 thing which lakes hold; a catch; a hook. 
 
 The several teeth are furnished with holdfasts 
 suitable to the s»tress that they are put to. l^ay. 
 
 Ho'loing. n, s. [Irom hold.] 
 
 1. Tenure ; farm. 
 
 Holdings were .so pkntiful, and Iiolders so scarce 
 as well was the landlord who could not get a 
 tenant. Careiu, 
 
 2. It sometimes signifies the burthen or 
 chorus of a song, Hannia\ 
 
 The holding every man shall beat as loud 
 As his strong sides can volley. Shakesp. 
 
 Hole. 71. s. [hoi, Dut. hole, Sax,] 
 1 A cavity narrow and long, either per- 
 pendicular or horizontal. 
 The earth imd imta/jo/e to hide this (\€e(\.Shak. 
 A ioadsto.-e i^ so disposed, that it shall draw 
 nnto it, (n a reclined plane, a bullet of steel, 
 which, as it ascends near to the loadstone, may fall 
 down through some hole, and so return to the 
 place whence it began to move.Wilkins'sDcrdnliis. 
 There arc the tops of tlic mountains, and under 
 their roots in holes and caverns tlie air is often de- 
 tained, Burnet 
 
 2. A perforation ; a small intersticial va- 
 cuity. 
 
 Look uj on linen that lias small holes 'n\ it: those 
 holes appear black, men are often deceived in 
 taking holes for spots of ink ; and painters, to re- 
 present holes make use of black. Boyle. 
 
 HOL 
 
 3. A cave; a hollow place. 
 
 Upon his bloody finger he doth wear 
 A precious ring, that lightens all the hole.Shahap. 
 
 4. A cell of an animal. 
 
 A tortoise spends all his dajs in a hole, with a 
 house upoii his head. L'Estrange. 
 
 1 have flighted ants with ray fingers, and pur- 
 sued them as far as another hole, stopping ail pas- 
 sages to their own nest, and it was natural for 
 them to fly into the next hole. Addison. 
 
 5. A mean habitation. Hole is generally 
 used, unless in speaking of manual 
 works, with some degree of dislike. 
 
 ^\ lien Alexander first beheld the face 
 Of the great cynick, thus he did lament : 
 How much more happy thou, that art content 
 To live within this little hole, than I 
 Who after empire, that vain quarry, fly Dryden. 
 
 fi. Some subterfuge or shift. Ainsworth. 
 7. Arm-fiiile. The cavity imder the 
 
 shoulder. 
 Tickling is most in the soles, and under the 
 
 arm-holes and sides. Bacon. 
 
 IIOLiDAM. n. 4. {holy dame.'] Blessed 
 '3fly- Hanmer. 
 
 By my holidam, here comes Catharine. Shaheip. 
 HoLiLY. adv. [from halt/.] 
 1. Piously; with sanctity. 
 
 Thou would'st be great. 
 Art not without ambition ; but without 
 The illness should attend it: what thou wjuld'tt 
 
 highly. 
 That would'st thou hoWii. Shakes/ . 
 
 'i. Inviolably ; without breach. 
 
 P'riendshij), a rare thing in princes, more rare 
 between princes, that so holilii was observed to 
 the last of those two excellent men. Sidney. 
 
 Ho'liness. «. s. [from holi/.] 
 
 1. Sanctity ; piety ; religious goodness. 
 
 Ill it doth beseem your hr.imess 
 To separate the husband and the wife. Shakesp. 
 
 Religion is rent by discords, and the holiness of 
 tile professors is decayed, and full of scandal. Bac. 
 
 Then in full age, and hoary holiness, 
 Retire, great teacher, to thy promis'd bliss. Pr^'m-. 
 
 W c see piety and holiness ridiculed as morose 
 singularities. Rogers.. 
 
 2. The state of being hallowed ; dedica- 
 tion to religion. 
 
 3. The title of the pope, 
 
 1 here appeal unto the pope. 
 To bring my whole cause 'fore his ho/iness. Shak. 
 
 His holiness has told some English gentlemen, 
 
 that those of our nation should have the privileges. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Iio'lla. inierj. [kola, Fr.] A word used 
 in calling to any one at a distance. 
 
 List, list! I hear 
 Some far off holla break the silent air. Milton. 
 
 To Ho'lla. I', n. [from the interjection. 
 This word is now vitiously written hollo 
 by the best authors : sometimes halloo.] 
 To cry out loudly. 
 
 But I will find liim when he lies asleep. 
 And in his ear I'll holla Mortimer ! 
 What halloing and what stir is this to-day ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Ho'li,.\ND. n. s. Fine linen made in 
 Holland. 
 
 Some for the pride of Turkish courts design'd 
 For foldetl turbants finest holland bear. Dryden. 
 
 Ho'llow, adj. [from hole.] 
 1 . Excavated ; having a void spacewithin ; 
 not solid. 
 
 It is fortune's use 
 To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, 
 To view with hnllow eye and wrinkled brovT 
 An age of poverty. Sliakesp. Merchant tf Venice. 
 Some search for hoUowUtvi, and fell the woods. 
 
 Drvden, 
 
 904
 
 IT O L 
 
 He frets, lie fumes, lie stares, he stamps the 
 
 ground ; 
 I'lic kolhw tdw'rs vvilh clamours ring around. Dryd. 
 
 S. Noisy ; like sound reverberated from a 
 cavity. 
 
 The southern wind, 
 Now by his hollow whistling in the leaves, 
 Foretels a tempest. • SJiakesp 
 
 Thence issu'd such a blast and holhw roar, 
 As threaten'd from the Jiinge to heave the door. 
 
 Dtydcn. 
 
 3. Not faithful ; not sound ; not what one 
 appears. 
 
 ^'ho in want a hollow friend doth try, 
 Directly seasons liiui his enemy. Shaliesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Hollow charch papists are lil^e the roots of net- 
 tles, which themselves sting not; but bear all the 
 stinging leaves. Bacon 
 
 He seem'd 
 For dinnity compos'd, and high exploit ; 
 But all was false and hollow. Milton. 
 
 Ho'llowhearted. adj. [hollow and 
 heartS\ Dishonest; insincere; of practice 
 or sentiment differina; from profession. 
 
 What could be expected from him, but knotty 
 and crooked hollowhearted dealings. Howe'l. 
 
 The hollowhearted, disaffected, 
 And close malignants are detected. Ilndibras. 
 
 Ho'llow. n.s. 
 
 ) . Cavity ; concavit}'. 
 
 I've heard myself proclaira'd. 
 And by tlie happy hollow of a tree 
 Escap d the hunt. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 1 suppose there is some vault or hollow, or isle, 
 behind the wall, and some passage to it. Bacon. 
 
 Against the horse's side his spear 
 He throws, which trembles with enclosed fear ; 
 Whilst from the hollows of his womb proceed 
 Groans, not his own, Dcnham. 
 
 Himself, as in the /t(i//oii; of his hand, 
 Holding, obedient to his high command. 
 The deep abyss. Prior, 
 
 2. Cavern ; den ; hole. 
 
 Who art thou, that lately did'st descend 
 Into this gaping hollow of the earth ? Shakesp. 
 
 Forest grew 
 Upon the barren hollows, high o'ershading 
 The haunts of savage beasts. Prior. 
 
 5. Pit. 
 
 A fine genius for gardening thought of formlnij 
 such an unsightly hollow into so uncommon ana 
 agreeable a scene. Addison. 
 
 4. Any opening or vacuity. 
 
 He touched the hollow of his thigh. Gen. xxii. 2.5. 
 
 5. Passage ; cai)al. 
 
 The lilile springs and rills are conveyed through 
 little channels into the main Iwllow of the aque- 
 duct. ■ Addison on Italy. 
 
 To Ho'llow. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 make hollow ; to excavate. 
 
 Trees, rudely hollowed, did the waves sustain. 
 Ere ships ill triumph plow'd thewat'ry plain. Dryd. 
 
 Multitudes were employed in the sinking of 
 wells, and the hollowing of trees. Spectator. 
 
 To Hollow, v n. [This is written by 
 neglect of etymology for holla. See 
 Holla.] To shout ; to hoot. 
 
 This unseen judge will wail, and in your ear 
 
 Will holloxo rebel, tyrant, murderer. Vriidcn. 
 
 I pass for a disaiiccted person and a murderer, 
 
 because I do not hoot and hollow, and make a 
 
 neise. Addison. 
 
 He with his hounds comes hollowing from the 
 
 stable. 
 
 Makes love with nods, and kneels beneath a table. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ho'LLOWLY. adv. [from hollow.] 
 
 1. With cavities. 
 
 2. Unfaithfully; insincerely; dishonestly. 
 
 O earth, near witness, 
 And crown what I proi'ess with kind event, 
 If I speak true ; if holhwlii, invert. 
 What best is beaded me, lb mischief! Shakesp. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 H O L 
 
 You shall arraign your conscience. 
 And try your penitence, if it be sound. 
 Or hothmiit put on. Shakesp 
 
 Ho'llowne.ss. n.s. [from hollotv.] 
 
 1. Cavity; state of being liollow. 
 
 If you throw a stone or a dart, they give nc 
 sound; no more do bullets, except they happen 
 to be a little hollowed in the casting, which hoi- 
 towness pennetli tlie air. Bacon. 
 
 I have seen earlh taken up by a strong wind, 
 so tliat there remained great emjjly hollowjiess in 
 the place. Hakcwitl. 
 
 .\u lieap of sand or fine powder will sutler no 
 hollowncss within tlicni, though they be dry suh- 
 slances. liurnet. 
 
 2. Deceit; insincerity; treachery. 
 
 Thy youngest daughter does ii'it love thee least ; 
 Nor are those empty-hearted, whose low sounrl 
 Reverbs no hollowness. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 People, young and raw, and softnaturetl, think 
 it an easy thing to gain love, and reckon their own 
 frienflstifp a sure price of any man's : but when 
 experience shall have shewn them the hardness of 
 most htarts, the hollowness of others, and the 
 baseness and ingratitude of almost all, they will 
 then find that a friend is the gift of God, and that 
 he only who made hearts can unite them. South. 
 HoLLOWROOT. n.s. [hollow and root.] 
 A plant. Ainsworlh. 
 
 Ho'lly. n. s. []3oleyn. Sax.] A ))]ant. 
 
 The leaves are set about the edges with long, 
 sharp, slitr prickles; the berries are small, round, 
 and generally of a red colour, containing four 
 triaiigular striated seeds in each. Of this tree 
 there are several species ; some variegated in the 
 leaves, some with yellow berries, and some with 
 white. Jlii7/cr. 
 
 Fairest blossoms drop with every blast ; 
 But the brown beauty will like hollies last. Gay. 
 
 Some to the holly hedge 
 Nestling repair, and to the thicket some : 
 Some to the rude iirotection of the thorn. 'T/imnson. 
 Hollyhock, n.s. [Jjolifec, Sax. com- 
 monly called hoh/oak.] Roscmallow. It 
 is in every respect larger than the com- 
 mon mallow. 31iller. 
 
 Holyocks far exceed poppies for llieir riurable- 
 ness, and are very ornamental. Mortimer. 
 
 Ho'llyrose. I 
 
 Ho'llytrek. j ''• *• Plants. Ainsworlh. 
 
 Holme, n. s. 
 
 1. Holme or howmc, whether jointly or 
 singly, comes from the .Saxon Jjolme a 
 river island ; or if the place be not such, 
 the same word signifies also a hill, or 
 mountain. Gibson's Camdtn. 
 
 2, The ilex; the evergreen oak. 
 
 Under what tree did'st thou take them compa- 
 nying together ? who answered, under a holm tree. 
 
 S«s. 58. 
 
 The carver holme, the maple seldom inward 
 sound. Spenser. 
 
 Ho'locaust. n.s. [cA®- and Kaiu.] A 
 burnt sacrifice ; a sacrifice of which the 
 whole was consumed by fire, and no- 
 thing retained by the offerer. 
 
 Isa.ic carried the wood for the sacrifice, which 
 being an holocaust, or burnt-offering, to be con- 
 sumed unto ashes, we cannot well conceive a bur- 
 then for a boy. Brown. 
 
 Let the eye behold no evil thing, and it is marie 
 a sacrifice ;"let the tongue speak no filthv word, 
 and it becomes an oblation ; let the hanti do no 
 unlawful action, and you render it n holocaust. Rau- 
 
 Eumenes cut a piece from every part of tlie 
 victim, and by this he made it an holocaust, or an 
 entire sacrifice. Broome. 
 
 Ho'lograph. n. 4-. [o?,^ y^itpt,.] This 
 word is used in the Scottish law to de- 
 note a deed written altogether by the 
 granter's own hand. 
 
 H O M 
 
 Ho LP. The old preterite and participle 
 passive of help. 
 His great love, sharp as his spur, liatli A<>/;> him 
 
 To's home before us. Shuk. 
 
 Ho'lpen. The old participle passive of 
 help. 
 
 In a long trunk the sound is holpen, though both 
 the mouth anrl the ear be a handful from the trunk: 
 and somewhat more holpen when tlie hearer i.tncar, 
 than when the speaker. Bacon, 
 
 Ho'lstee. n. s. [)3eolj-Teji, Sax. a hiding- ' 
 place.] A ca.se for a horseman's pistol. 
 
 Ill's rusty holsters put what meat 
 Into his hose he con d not get. Butler. 
 
 Holt, whether at the beginning or end- 
 ing of the name of any place, signifies 
 that it is or hath been woody, from the 
 Saxon )3ok a wood ; or sometimes pos- 
 sibly from the Saxon )3ol, i. e. hollow, 
 especially when the name ends in tun or 
 dun. Gibson. 
 
 H O'LY. adj. [halij, Sax. het/ligh,Dut. from 
 
 )5al healthy, or in a state of salvation.] 
 1. (iood ; pious; religious. 
 
 See where his grace stands 'tween two clergymen! 
 And see a book of [irayer in his hand ! 
 'True ornaments to know a holu man. Shakesp. 
 
 With joy he will embrace you ; for he's honour*' 
 able. 
 And, doubling that, most holu. Shak. Cymbeline. 
 i. Hallowed ; consecrated to divine use. 
 State, holy or unhallow'd, what of thai iShakesp. 
 Bare was his hoary head ; one holit hand 
 Held forth his laurel crown, and one his sceptre. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Pure ; immaculate. 
 
 Common sense could tell thera that tlie good 
 God could not be [deased with any thing cruel ; 
 nor the most holy God with any thing filthy and 
 unclean. South. 
 
 4. Sacred. 
 
 An evil soul producing holy witness. 
 Is like a villain with a smiling check. Sh^letp, 
 He has deserv'd it, were it carbuncled 
 Like holy Phcebus' car. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 Holy-ghost, n. s. [halig and gaj-r. Sax.] 
 
 The third person of the adorable Trinity. 
 
 If strength of persuasion be the light which 
 
 must guide us, I ask, how shall any one distinguish 
 
 the inspirations of the Holy-ghost'? Locke. 
 
 HoLY-THLRSDAY. n. s. The day on 
 which the ascension of our Saviour is 
 commemorated, ten days before Whit- 
 suntide. 
 
 Ho'ly-week. n. s. The week before 
 Easter, in which the passion of our Re- 
 deemer is commemorated. 
 
 HoLYDAY. n. s. [holy and day.] 
 
 1. 1 he day of some ecclesiastic^ festival. 
 
 2. Anniversary feast. 
 
 This victory was so welcome unto the Persians, 
 that in memorial thereof they kept that tlay as on© 
 of their solemn holy-days for many years after. 
 
 Knottcs's History. 
 Rome's holidays you tell, as if a guest 
 With the old Romans you were wont lo feast. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 3. A day of gaiety and joj'. 
 
 What, have I 'scap'd love-letters in the Sii/iday 
 time of my beauty, and am I now a subieci for 
 •hem ? Shahetp. 
 
 i. A time that comes seldom. 
 
 Courage is but a holyday kind of virtue, to be 
 seirhun exercised. ' Drxiden. 
 
 HO'M.AGE. n. s. [hommage, Fr. homa- 
 
 giuin, low Lat.] 
 I. Service paid and fealty professed t a 
 
 sovereign or superior lord. 
 
 5Z 90i>
 
 H O M 
 
 Cali my sovereij^n yours, 
 And do liim homage as obedient subjecis. Shakesp. 
 The chiefs, in a solemn manner, did their ho- 
 mages, and made tlieir oaths of fidelity to the earl 
 marshal. Duvies. 
 
 2. Obeisance ; respect paid by external 
 action. 
 
 The gods great mother, wl)en her heav'nly race 
 Do homage to her. Denham, 
 
 A tuft of daisies on a flow'ry lay 
 Tlicy saw, and thitlierward they bent their way ; 
 To this both knights and dames llieir homage made. 
 And due obeisance to the dais.y paid. Dryikn. 
 
 Go, go, wiih homage yim proud victors meet ! 
 Go, lie like dog beneath ynur masters' feet. Driid. 
 
 To Ho'mage. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 reverence by external action ; to pay ho- 
 nour to ; to profess fealty. 
 
 Homager. n,s, [hommager, Fr. from 
 homage.] One who holds by homage 
 of some superiour lord. 
 
 Thou biushest, Antony ; and that blood of thine 
 
 Is Cesar's homager. Shakesp. 
 
 His subjects, traytors, are received by the duke 
 
 of Bretagnc, his homager. Bacoiis Hen. VI I. 
 
 HOME. w. 5. [J?am, Sax.] 
 
 1, His own house ; the private dwelling, 
 
 I'm now from home, and out of that provision 
 Which shall be needful for ^'our entertainment. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Sonicthing like home that is not fiome is to be de- 
 sired ; it is njund iri the house of a friend. Temple. 
 
 Home is the sacred refuj^c of our life, 
 Secur'd from all approaches but a wife. Dryden. 
 
 When Hector went to see 
 His virtuous wife, the fair Andromache, 
 He found her not at home ; for she was gone.Vryd. 
 
 Those wlio have homes, when home they do repair. 
 To a last lodging call their wand'ring inends.Dryd. 
 
 2, His own country. 
 
 How can tyrants safely govern hotne. 
 Unless abroad they purchase great alliance ?iS/m/c. 
 
 Their determination Is to return to their homes, 
 and to trouble you no more. Shakesp. 
 
 With honour to his home Jtt Theseus ride. 
 With love to friend. Dryden. 
 
 At home the hateful names of parties cease. 
 And factious souls are weary'rt into \)eace. Dryden. 
 
 They who pass tlirongh a foreign country', to- 
 wards their native home[ do not usually give up 
 themselves to the pleasures of the place. /iHer/jury. 
 S. The place of constant residence. 
 
 Flandria, by plenty made the home of war. 
 Shall weep her crime, and bow to Charles restor'd. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 4. Home, united to a substantive, signifies 
 domestick, or of the same country. 
 
 Let the exportation of Aomc commodities be more 
 in value than the importation of foreign. Bucon. 
 
 Home. adv. [from the noun.] 
 1 . To one's own habitation. 
 
 One of Adam's children in tho mountains lights 
 
 (Ml a glittering substance ; home he carries it to 
 
 Adam, who finds it to be hard, to have a bright 
 
 yellow colour, and exceeding great weight. Locke. 
 
 "2. To one's own country. 
 
 3. Close to one's own breast or affairs. 
 
 He that encourages treason lays the funndation 
 of a doctrine, that will come home to himself. 
 
 U Estrange. 
 
 This is a consideration that comes home to our 
 interest. ^ Addison. 
 
 These considerations, proposed in general terms, 
 you will, by particular application, bring home to 
 your own concern. Wuke. 
 
 4. To the point designed ; to the utmost ; 
 closely ; fully. 
 
 Crafty enough either to hide his faults, or never 
 to shew them, but when they might pay home. 
 
 Sidney. 
 With his prepared sword he charges home 
 My unprovided body. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 A loyal sir 
 To him thon folfow'st : I will pay thy graces 
 Home both in word and deed. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 H O M 
 
 Accuse hira kom^ and home. Shakesp. 
 
 Men of age object too much, adventure too 
 little, and seldom drive business home to the full 
 period ; but content themselves witli a mediocrity 
 of success. Bacon. 
 
 That Cometh up home to the business, and taketh 
 ort' the objection clearly. Sanderson. 
 
 iireak through the thick array 
 Of his throng'd legions, .and charge home upon 
 him, Addison. 
 
 He makes choice of some piece of morality ; 
 and, in order to press this/io»ie, he makes less use 
 of reasoning, Broome. 
 
 i ran only refer (he reader to the authors them- 
 selves, who speak very homeioiUe \)oint. Atterbury. 
 
 0. United to a substantive, it implies force 
 and efficacy. 
 
 Poison may be false ; 
 The home thrust of a friendly sword is sure. Dryd. 
 I am sorry to give him such home thrusts ; for he 
 lays himself so open, and uses so little art to avoid 
 them, that I must either do nothing, or expose 
 his weakness. Stlllingfleet. 
 
 Homero'rn. adj. [home and born.] 
 
 1. Native; natural. 
 
 Though to be thus elemented, arm 
 These creatures from homeborn intrinsick liarm. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 2. Domestick ; not foreign. 
 
 Num'rous bands 
 With homehm-n lyes, or tales from foreign lands. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ho'mebred. adj. [home and bred.] 
 
 1. Native; natural. 
 
 God hath taken care to anticipate every man, 
 to draw him early into his church, before other 
 competitors, homebred lusts, or vicious customs of 
 the world, should be able to pretend to him. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 2. Not polished by travel ; plain; rude; 
 artless ; uncultivated. 
 
 Only to me two homebred youihi belong. Dryden. 
 
 3. Domestick ; not foreign. 
 
 But if of danger, which hereby doth dwell 
 And homebred evil, ye desire to hear, 
 I can you tydings tell. Fairy Queen. 
 
 This once happy hand. 
 By homebred fury rent, long groan'd. Phitiips. 
 
 Ho'mefelt. adj. [home and felt.] In- 
 ward ; private. 
 
 Yet they in pleasing slumber lulTd the sense. 
 And in sweet madness robb'd it of itself; 
 But such a sacred and homefelt delight. 
 Such sober certainty of waking bliss, 
 I never heard till now. Milton. 
 
 Happy next him who to these shades retires. 
 Whom nature charms, and whom the muse inspires, 
 Whom humbler joys o( homefelt quiet please, 
 Successive study, exercise, and ease. Pope. 
 
 Ho'melily. adv. [from homely.] Rudely ; 
 inelegantly. 
 
 Ho'meliness. n,s. [from homelt/.] Plain- 
 ness ; rudeness ; coarseness. 
 
 Homer has opened a great field of raillery to 
 men of more delicacy than greatness of genius, by 
 the homeliness of svime of his sentiments. Addison. 
 
 Ho'mely. adj. [from home.] Plain ; 
 homespun ; not elegant ; not beautiful ; 
 not fine; coarse; rude. It is used both 
 of persons and things. 
 
 Each place handsome without curiosity, and 
 homely without loathsomeness. Sidney. 
 
 Within this wood, out of a rock did rise 
 A spring of water, ntildly tumbling down; 
 
 VVhcreto approached not in any wise 
 The homely shepherd, nor the ruder clowu.Spenser. 
 
 Like ricli hangings in an homely house. 
 So was his will in his old feeble body. Shakesp. 
 
 Be plain, good son, and homely in ihy drift : 
 Riddling confession finds but riddling shrift. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 H O M 
 
 Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits, 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Our stomachs will make what's Jwmely savoury. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 It is for homely features to keep home ; 
 TliL'y had iheir iianic thence, Milton. 
 
 It is observed hy some, that there is none so 
 homely but loves a li>okiug-glass. Smith. 
 
 Their homely fare dispatcli'd, the hungry band 
 Invade their trencliers next. Dryden. 
 
 Now Strephon daily entertains 
 His Chluc in the homeliest strains. Swift. 
 
 Homelrf persons, the more they endeavour to 
 adorn themselves, the more they expose the de- 
 fects tliey want to liiJe. Clarendon, 
 
 Ho'mely. adv. Plainly; coarsely ; rudely- 
 
 Thus, like the god his father, homely drest. 
 He strides into the bail a horrid guest. Dryden. 
 
 Ho'melyn. n. s. A kind of fish. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 HoMEMA DE. adj. [home and made.] Made 
 at home; not manuf'acttned in foreign 
 parts. 
 
 A tax laid on your native product, and home- 
 made commodities, makes them yield less to the 
 iirst seller. Locke. 
 
 Ho'mer. n. s. a Hebrew measure of 
 about three pints. 
 
 An homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty 
 shekels of silver. Leo xxvii. 16. 
 
 Ho'mespun. adj. [home and spun.] 
 
 1 . Spun or wrought at home ; not made 
 by regular manufacturers. 
 
 Instead of homespun coifs were seen 
 Good pinners, edg'd with colberteen. Swjft. 
 
 2. Not made in foreign countries. 
 
 He appeared in a suit of English broad-cloth, 
 very plain, but rich : every tiling he wore was 
 substantial, honest, homespun v^are. Addison. 
 
 3. Plain; coarse; rude; homely; inele- 
 gant. 
 
 They sometimes put on, when tliey go ashore, 
 long sleeveless coats of homespmi cotton. 
 
 Sandys^s Tr, 
 
 We say, in our homtspun English proverb. He 
 killed two birds with one stone. Vryden. 
 
 Our homespun autliors must forsake tlie field. 
 And Shakespeare to the soft Scarlatti yidii. Addis. 
 
 Homespu'n. n.s, A coarse, inelegant, 
 rude, untaught, rustick man. Not iti 
 use. 
 
 What hempen homespuns have we swaggering 
 here. 
 So near the cradle of the fairy queen .' Shakesp. 
 
 Ho'mestall. \n.s, [fam and j-tebe, 
 Ho'mestead. / Sax.] The place of 
 the house. 
 
 Both house and homestead into seas are borne. 
 And rocks are from their own foundations torn. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ho'mewakd. 7 adj. [Jjam and peapS, 
 
 Jto'MEWARDS. J Sax] Towards home; 
 
 towards tlie native place ; towards the 
 
 place of residence. 
 
 Then Urania homeu-ard did arise, 
 Leaving in paii. their well-fed Imngry cycs.Sidmy. 
 
 My aftairs 
 Do even drag me homeward. Shakesp. 
 
 Since such love's natural station is, may still 
 My love descend, and jo\irne3' down the hilJ, 
 Not panting after growing beauties ; so 
 1 shall ebb on with them who homeward go. Donne. 
 Look homeward, angel now, and melt with 
 ruth; 
 And, O ye dolphins, waft the hapless youthlMife. 
 
 Like a long team of snowy swans on high, 
 Which clap tlieir wings, and cleave the liquid sky. 
 Which homeu-ard from Iheir wat'ry pastures borne, 
 Tliev sine, and Asia's lakes their notes return. 
 ■^ ^ Dryden. 
 
 What now remains, 
 But that once more we tempt the wat'ry plains, 
 
 .QOC
 
 H O M 
 
 And waod'ring homewards, seek our safety hence. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Ho'micide. n.5. [homicide, Fr. homici- 
 dium, Lat.] 
 
 1, Murder ; manquelling. 
 
 The apdstles command to abstain from blood ; 
 construe this according to llie law uf nature, and 
 it will secra, that ftmmWt/e only is forbidden ; but 
 construe it in refcrei.ce to the law of the Jews, 
 about which the question was, and it shall lasily 
 aj)pear to have a clean other sense, and a truer, 
 when we expound it of eating, and not of sliedding 
 blood. Hooker. 
 
 2, Destruction, In tlie following lines it 
 is not proper. 
 
 What wonder is't that black detraction thrives ! 
 The homicide of names is less than lives. Dryden. 
 
 3, [Homicide, Fr. homicida, Lat.] A mur- 
 derer ; a man slayer. 
 
 I'd undertake tlie death of all the world. 
 So might I live one hour in your sweet bosom. 
 — If I thought that, 1 tell thee, homicide, 
 These nails should read tliat beauty from my 
 cheeks. Shakt^t. 
 
 Hector coraes, the homicide, to wield 
 His conq'ring arms, with corps to strew the field. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Homici'dal. adj. [from homicide.] Mur- 
 derous ; bloody. 
 
 The troop forth issuing from the dark recess. 
 With homicidal rage, the king oppress. Pope. 
 
 Homile'tical. adj, [o/x»Xdt»xos.] Social; 
 conversible. 
 
 His life was holy, and when he had leisure for 
 retirements, severe : his virtues active chiefly, 
 and homiletical j not those lazy sullen ones of the 
 cloyster. Atterbiiry. 
 
 Ho'mily. w. 5. [homilie, Fr. o^»?iia.] A 
 discourse read to a congregation. 
 
 Homilies were a third kind of readings usual in 
 former times ; a most commendable institution, as 
 well then to supply the casual, as now the neces- 
 sary defect of sermons. Hooker. 
 
 VN'hat tedious homily of love have you wearied 
 your parishioners withal, and never cried, Have 
 patience, good people ! Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 If we survey the hornilies of the ancient church, 
 we shall discern that, upon festival days, the sub- 
 ject of the homily was constantly the business of 
 the da^'. Hammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 HOMOGENEAL. \adj. [homosene, Fr. 
 HOMOGENEOUS. /5,*o7»^{.] "Having 
 the same nature or principles ; suitable 
 to each other. 
 
 Tile means of reduction, 63' the fire, 19 but by 
 congregation of homogeneai parts. Bacon. 
 
 Ice is a simiiary body, and homogeneous concre- 
 tion, wliose material is properly water. 
 
 Brown s Vul^. Err. 
 An homogeneous mass of one kind is easily dis- 
 tinguishable from any other ; gold from iron, sul- 
 phur from allum, ana so of the rest. Woodumrd. 
 The light, whose rays are all alike refrangible, 
 I call simp\e, honiogejieal, and similar; and that 
 whose rays are some more refrangible than others, 
 1 call compound, heterugeneal, and dissimilar. 
 
 Newlon, 
 
 Homoge'nealness. ") n. s. [from homo- 
 Homogene'ity. > geneous, or ho- 
 
 Homoge'neousness. J mogeneal.] Par- 
 ticipation of the same principles of na- 
 ture ; similitude of kind. 
 
 The mixtures acquire a greater degree of fluidi- 
 ty and similarity, or homngeneitij of parts. Arhulh. 
 
 Upon this supposition of only different diame- 
 ters, it is impossible to account for the homo^eneiiij 
 or similarity of the secerned liquors. Cheyrie. 
 
 Ho'mogen Y. n. s. [biMyma.} Joint nature. 
 Not used. 
 
 HON 
 
 By the driving back of the principal spirits, 
 which preserve the consistence of ibe body, their 
 government is dissolved, and every part relurneth 
 to his nature or homo<^env. Bacon. 
 
 Homo'logous. adj, [homologue, Fr. 
 
 o^oAoy®'.] Having the same manner or 
 proportions. 
 Homo'nymous. adj. [homonyme, Fr. 
 Q^u¥v^^.'] Denominating different things; 
 equivocal ; ambiguous. 
 
 As words sit:nif>ing the same thing are call^id 
 synonymous, so eiiuivucal words, or those which 
 signify several ihincs, are called homonymous, or 
 ambiguous; and when r>ersuns use such ainhii;u- 
 ous words, with a desigri to deceive, it is called 
 equivocation. Wutts. 
 
 Homo'nymy. n. s. [homonymie, Fr, 
 l^ovvfAu.'] Equivocation ; ambiguity. 
 
 Homo'tonous. adj. [o/aotqi''^.] Equable; 
 said of such distempers as keep a con- 
 stant tenour of rise, state, and declen- 
 sion. Quinci/, 
 
 Hone. w. s. [This word M. Casaubon de- 
 rives from uKOpvi; Junius from hogsaeu, 
 Welsh ; Skinnei^, who is always rational, 
 from JjEen, Sax. a stone ; hgenan to stone,] 
 A whetstone for a razor. 
 A hone and a parer to pare away grass. Tusser. 
 
 To Hone, v. n. [Jjonjian, Sax.] To pine ; 
 
 to long for any thing. 
 HONEST, adj. [honeste, Fr. homstus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Upright ; true ; sincere. 
 
 What art thou ? 
 — A very honeU hearted fellow, and as poor as the 
 king. Shakesp. 
 
 An honest piiysician leaves his patient, when ht 
 can contribute no furtlier to liis htralth. Temple. 
 The way to relieve ourselves from tliose so- 
 phisms, is an honest and diligent enquiry into tlie 
 real nature aud causes of things. Watts. 
 
 2. Chaste. 
 
 Wives may be merry, and yet honest too. Shak. 
 
 3. Just ; righteous ; giving to every man 
 his due. 
 
 Tate will subscribe, but fix no certain day, 
 He's honest, and as wit comes in, will pay. Tate. 
 
 Ho'nestly, adv. [from honest,'] 
 
 1. Uprightly ; justly. 
 
 It doth make me tremble. 
 There should those spirits yet breathe, that when 
 
 they cannot 
 Live honestly, would rather perish basely. B.Jonson. 
 For some lime past all proposals from privale 
 persons to advance the publicK service, however 
 honestly and innnccntly deisiyned, have been calk-d 
 flying In the king's face. Suift. 
 
 2, With chastity ; modestly. 
 Ho'nesty. 71. s. [honnetete, Fr. hovestas, 
 
 Lat.] Justice ; truth ; virtue ; purity. 
 
 Thou shall not have thy husband's lands. 
 ^Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Goodness, as that which makes men prefer iheir 
 duly and their promise before their passions or 
 their interest, and is properly the object of trust, 
 in our language yoes rather by the udme of honesty; 
 though what we call an honest man, the Romans 
 called a good man ; and honestu, in their language, 
 as well as in French, rather signifies a composiu<,'n 
 of those qualities which genemlly acquire honour 
 and esteem. Temple. 
 
 Ho'nied. adj. [from honey.] 
 \ . Covered with honey. 
 
 The bee with honied thigh, 
 Tliat at her fiow'ry work doth sing. Milton. 
 
 2. Sweet ; luscious. 
 
 When he speaks. 
 The air, a cliarter'd libertine, is still j 
 
 HON 
 
 And the mute wonder lurketh in men's tars. 
 
 To 9te:il liis sweet and honied sentences. Shakerp, 
 
 Look now for no eiictianting voice, nor fear 
 '1 he bait of honeu'd words ; a rougher tongue 
 Draws hithcrward. MUion. 
 
 IIO'NEY. n. s. [fjunij, Sax. honig, Diit. 
 honec, hmiag, tierni.] 
 
 !. .A tliick, viscous, fluid substance, of a 
 whitisli or yellowish colour, sweet to the 
 taste, soluble in water ; and becoming vi- 
 nous on fermentation, inflammable, li- 
 quable by a gentle heat, and of a fragrant 
 smell. Of honey, the first and finest kind 
 is virgin honey, not very firm and of a 
 fragrant smell : it is the first produce of 
 the swarm, obtained by draining the 
 combs without pressing. The .second is 
 often almost solid, procured by pressure: 
 and the worst is the common yellow ho- 
 ney, extracted by heating the combs, and 
 then pressing them. In the flowers of 
 plants, by certain glands near the basis 
 in the petals, is secreted a sweet juice, 
 which the bee, by means of its proboscis 
 or trunk, sucks up, and discharges again 
 from the stomach through the mouth 
 into the corah. The honey deposited in 
 the comb, is destined for the young oft- 
 spring : but in hard seasons the bees are 
 reduced to the necessity of feeding on it 
 themselves. Hill. 
 
 .So work the /loneu bees. 
 Creatures that by a ruling nature teach 
 The art of order to a peopled kingdom. Shakesp. 
 
 'i'ouchiiig Ills education and tirst fostering, some 
 aftirm, that he was fed by honey bees. Kateigh'iHist. 
 
 In ancient time there was a kind of /(oneo, which, 
 either of its own nature, or by art, would grow a> 
 hard as sugar, and was not so luscious as ours.BffC. 
 
 When the patient is rich, there's no fear of phy- 
 sicians about him, as thick as wasps to a honeti pol. 
 
 L'£s(raH;;c. 
 
 Honexi is the most elaborate production of the 
 vegetable kind, being a most exquisite vegetable 
 sope, resolvent of tlie bile, balsamick and pectoral; 
 honeii contains no iiitiammable spirit, before it has 
 felt the force of fermentation ; for by distillation 
 it affords nothing that will burn in the lire./lrj>u(/i. 
 
 New wine, wiih honeii temper'd milk we bring ; 
 Then living waters from the crystal sjTiiig. Pofe. 
 
 2. Sweetness ; lusciousness. 
 
 The king hath found 
 Matter against him, that for ever mars 
 The honexi of his language. Sliakesp. 
 
 A himcy tongue, a heart of gall, 
 Is fancy's spring, hut sorrow's fall. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Sweet ; sweetness : a name of tender- 
 ness. [JMcl : corculum.] 
 
 Iloneu ! you shall be well desir'd in Cyprus ; 
 I've found great Inve amongst them. Oh, my sweet! 
 I prattle.iut of fashion, and 1 liote. Shakesp. OthdUj. 
 
 Whv. honey bird, 1 bought him on purpose for 
 "thee. Dryden. 
 
 To Ho'nf.y. r. M. [from the noun.] To 
 talk fondlj'. 
 
 Nay, but to live 
 In the rank sweat of an incestuous bed, 
 Stew'd in corruption, honeuing and making love 
 Over the nasty sty. ' Shakesp. HamUt. 
 
 Ho'NF.y-BAG. n. s. [honei/ and bag.] 
 
 I'lie honey-bag is tlie stomach, which hees al- 
 ways fill to satisfy, and to spare, vomiting up the 
 greater part of tlie honey to be kept against win- 
 ter. Grev. 
 HoNEY-roMB. n.s. [honei/ and comb.] 
 The cells of wa.\ in wliich "the bee store* 
 her honey. 
 
 907
 
 II O N 
 
 All I I'se a milk-white honexj-comb surround, 
 Wliicli ill the niidbt the country* banquet crnwn'd. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ho'n ky-combed. adj. [honey and comb.'\ 
 Spoken of a piece of ordnance flawed 
 with little cavities by being ill cast. 
 
 A niHriner having discharged his giin, which 
 was honeu-comhed, and hiading it suddenly again, 
 tlie piiwder took tire. Wi&eman. 
 
 Ho'ney-dew. n.s, [honey and dew.] 
 Sweet dew. 
 
 There is a honeii-dew which hangs upon their 
 leaves, and breeds insects. Mortimer. 
 
 How honey-dews emhalm the fragrant morn, 
 And the fairoak with luscious sweets adorn. Gar^/i. 
 
 Honey-flower, n, s, [melanthus, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 It hath a perennial root, and the appearance of 
 a shrub. This plant produces large spikes of cho- 
 colate-coloured flowers in May, in each of which 
 is contained a large quantitj' of black sweet liquor, 
 from whence it is supposed to derive its name. Mi/. 
 
 Ho'ney-gnat. n. s. [melHo, Lat. honey 
 and gnat.'] An insect. Ainsiv. 
 
 Ho'ney-moon. n. s, [honey and moon.] 
 The first month after marriage when 
 there is nothing but tenderness and plea- 
 sure. 
 
 A raan should keep his finery for tlie latter sea- 
 son of marriage, and not begin to dress till the 
 honey-moon is over. Addison. 
 
 Ho'ney-suckle. n. s. [capt^ifolhimt Lat.] 
 Woodbine. It hath a climbing stalk, 
 which twists itself about whatsoever tree 
 stands near it: the flowers are tubidous 
 and oblong, consisting of one leaf, which 
 opens towards the top, and is divided 
 into tAvo lips ; the uppermost of which is 
 subdivided into two, and the lowermost 
 is cut into many segments : the tube of 
 the flowers is bent, somewhat resemblins^ 
 a huntsman's horn. They are produced 
 in clusters, and are very sweet. Miller 
 enumerates ten specieSj of which three 
 grow w^ild in our hedges. 
 
 Bid iier steal into the pleached bower, 
 "Where honey-suckles, r'lpen'd by the sun, 
 Forbid the sun to enter ; like to favourites. 
 Made proud by princes, that advance the pride 
 Against the power that bred it. Shahesp. 
 
 Watch upon a bank 
 "With ivy canopied, and interwove 
 With flaunting honeu-suckle. Miltoti. 
 
 TliLii inclfoil beat and honeij-siickles pound ; 
 With these alhiringsavours strew the ground. Dr^J. 
 
 Ho'neyless. adj. [from honey.] Being 
 without honey. 
 
 But for your words, they rob the Hybia bees, 
 And leave them honeyless. Shakesp. 
 
 Honey-wort. n. s. [cerinthe, Lat.] A 
 
 plant. 
 Ho'norary. adj. [honorarius, Lat.] 
 ) . Done in honour ; made in honour. 
 
 There was probably some distinction made 
 among the Romans between such honorartt arches 
 erected to emperors, and those that were raised 
 to them on the account of a victory, which are 
 properly triumphal arches. Addison on Italy. 
 
 This monument is only honorary, for the aslies 
 of the emperor lie elsewhere. Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. Conferring honour without pain. 
 
 The Romans abounded with little honorary re- 
 wards, tiiat, without conferring wealth and riches, 
 gave only place and distinction to the person who 
 received them. Addison. 
 
 HONOUR, n. s, [honeia', Fr. honor, Lat.] 
 
 HON 
 
 1. Dignity ; high rank. 
 
 2. Reputation ; fatne. 
 
 A man is an ill husband of his honour, that en- 
 tereth into any action, tlie failing wherein may 
 disgrace h'm niore than the carrying of it through 
 can honr)ur him. Bacon. 
 
 3. The title of a man of rank. Not now 
 used. 
 
 Return unto tliy lord, 
 Bid him not fear the separated councils : 
 His honour and myself are at the one ; 
 And at tlie other is my good friend Catesby. Shak. 
 
 4*. Subject of praise. 
 
 Thou happy father. 
 Think that the clearest gods, who make them ho- 
 nours 
 Of man's impossibilities, have prcserv'd thee. Shak. 
 
 5. Nobleness of mind ; scorn of meanness ; 
 magnanimity. 
 
 Now shall 1 see thy love ; what motive may 
 Be stronger with thee than the name itf wife ? 
 — That which upholdeth htm, that thee upholds, 
 His lionour. Oh» thine honourt Lewis, thhie honour. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 If by honour is meant any thing distinct from 
 conscience, 'tis no more than a regard to the cen- 
 sure and esteem of the world. Rogers. 
 
 6. Reverence ; due veneration. To do ho- 
 nour is to treat with reverence. 
 
 They take thee for their mother. 
 And every day do honour to thy grave. Shakesp. 
 
 His grace of Canterbury, 
 Who holds his state at door, 'mongst pursuivants. 
 — Ha ! 'tis he, indeed ! 
 Is this the honour they do one another ? Shakesp. 
 
 This is a duty in the fifth commandment, re- 
 quired towards our prince and our parent, under 
 The name of honour ; a respect, which, in the no- 
 tion of it, implies a mixture of love and fear, and, 
 in the object, equally supposes goodness and 
 power. Rogers. 
 
 7. Chastity. 
 
 Be she honour flaw'd, 
 I have three daughters, the eldest is eleven ; 
 If this prove true, they'll pay for it. Shakesp. 
 
 She dwells so securely on the excellency of lier 
 JiOJiour, that the folly ctf my soul dares not present 
 itself: she is too bright to oe looked against. 67ia/i. 
 
 8. Dignity of mien. 
 
 Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall, 
 Godlike erect! with native hotwur clad. 
 In naked majesty, seem'd lords of all. Milton. 
 
 9- Glory ; boast. 
 
 A. late eminent person, the honour of his pro- 
 fession for integrity and learning. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 10. Publick mark of i*espect. 
 
 He saw his friends, who whelm'd beneath the 
 waves, 
 Their fun'rai honours claim'd, and ask'd their quiet 
 graves. Dryden. 
 
 Such discourses, on such mournful occasions as 
 these, were instituted not so much in honour of 
 the dead, as for the use of the living. Atterbury. 
 
 Numbers engage their lives and labours, some 
 to heap together a little dirt that shall bury them 
 in the end ; others to gain an honour, that, at best, 
 can be celebrated but oy an inconsiderable part of 
 the world, and is envied and calumniated by more 
 than 'tis truly given. Wake's Prep, for Death. 
 
 11. Privileges of rank or birth. 
 
 Henry the seventh, truly pitying 
 My falhcr's loss, like a most royal prince, 
 Restor'd to me my honours ; anci, from ruins, 
 IMade my name once mure noble. Shakesp. 
 
 Honours were conferred upon Antonine by Ha- 
 drian in his infancy. Wotton's Roman Hist. 
 
 12. Civilities paid. 
 
 Then here a slave, or if you will a lord. 
 To do the liojuutrs, and to give tlie word. Pope. 
 
 13. Ornament ; decoration. 
 
 The fire then shook the honours of his head. 
 And from his brows damps of oblivion shed.Drj/J. 
 
 H O N 
 
 14. Honour, or on my honour, is a form of 
 protestation used by the lords in judicial 
 decisions. 
 Rly liand lo thee, my honour on my promise. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 To Ho'nour. v. a. [honorer, Fr. honoro, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To reverence ; to regard with venera- 
 tion. 
 
 He was called our father, and was cuntinually 
 hmoured of all men, as the next person unto the 
 kinc. Esth. xvi, 11. 
 
 The poor man is honoured for his skill, and the 
 rich man is honoured for his riches. Eccles. x. 30. 
 
 lie that is honoured in poverty, how much more 
 in riches ? ^ Eccles. x. 31. 
 
 How lov'd, how ?i(mour*d once, avails thee not. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. To dignify ; to raise to greatness. 
 
 We nourish 'gainst our senate 
 The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. 
 Which we ourselves have plow'd for, sow'd and 
 
 scatter'd. 
 By mingliiig them with us, the hmour'd number. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 3. To glorify. 
 
 I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall fol- 
 low after them, and I will be honoured upon Pha- 
 raoh, and upon all his host, that the Egvptians 
 may know that I am the Lord. Ex. xiv, 
 
 Ho'nourable. adj. \ho7iorable, Fr.] 
 
 1. Illustrious; noble. 
 
 Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the 
 crowning city, whose merchants are princes, 
 whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? 
 
 Isa. xxiii. 8. 
 
 2. Great ; magnanimous ; generous. 
 
 Sir, I'll tell you. 
 Since I am cbarg'd in honour, and by him 
 That 1 think honourable. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Conferring honour. 
 
 Think'st thou it honourable for a nobleman 
 Still to remember wrongs ? Shakesp. 
 
 Then warlike kings, who for their ceuntrv 
 ■fought, 
 And honourable wounds from battle brought. Dryd 
 
 Many of those persons, who put this honourable 
 task on me, were more able to perform it them- 
 selves. Dryden. 
 
 4. Accompanied with tokens of honour. 
 
 Sith this wretched woman overcome. 
 Of anguish, rather than of crime hath been, 
 Preserve her cause to her eternal doom ; 
 And in the mean, vouchsafe her honourable tomb, 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 5. Not to be disgraced. 
 
 Here's a Bohemian Tartar tarries the coming 
 down of thy fat woman i — let her descend, ray 
 chambers are honourable. Shakesp. 
 
 6. Free from taint; free from reproach. 
 
 As he was honourable in all his acts, so in this 
 that he took Joppe fur an haven. 1 Mac. xiv. 5. 
 
 Methinks 1 could not die any where so content- 
 ed as in the king's company, his cause being just 
 and his quarrel honourable. Shakesp. 
 
 7" Honest; without intention of deceit 
 
 I'he earl sent again to know if they would enter- 
 tain their pardon, in case he should come in per- 
 son, and assure it : they answered, they did con- 
 ceive him to be so honourable, that from himself 
 they would most thankfully embrace it. Hayward. 
 
 If that thy bent of luve be honourable, 
 'I'hy purpose marriage, send me word to-morrow. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 8. Equitable. 
 
 Ho'noukableness. U.S. [{rom honour- 
 able.] Eminence ; magnificence ; gene- 
 rosity. 
 
 Ho'nourably. adv. [from honourable.] 
 
 1. With tokens of honour. 
 
 908
 
 H O O 
 
 The rev'rend abbot. 
 With all bis convent, honourably receiv'd hira, 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. Magnanimously ; generously. 
 
 After some six weeks, which the king did ho- 
 nourably interpose, to give space to his brother's 
 intercession, he was arraigned of high treason, and 
 condemned. Bacon. 
 
 3. Reputably ; with exemption from re- 
 proach. 
 
 'Tis iust, ye gods ! and what I well deserve : 
 Why did I not more honourably starve ! Drijden. 
 Ho'nourer. n. s. [from honom:] Dne 
 that honours ; one that regards with ve- 
 neration. 
 
 I must not omit Mr. Gay, whose zeal in your 
 concern is worthy a friend and honourer. Pope. 
 Hood, in composition, is derived from 
 the Sax. )3ad, in Germ, heit, in Dut. fieid. 
 It denotes quality ; character ; condition ; 
 as, knighthood; childhood ; fatherhood. 
 Sometimes it is written after the Dutch, 
 as, maidenhead. Sometimes it is taken 
 collectively : as, brotherhood, a confra- 
 ternity : sisterhood, a company of sisters. 
 Hood. n. s. Qjod, Sax. probably from 
 hepod head.] 
 
 1. The upper covering of a woman's head. 
 
 In velvet, white as snow, the troop was gown'd; 
 Their hoods and sleeves the same. Dryden. 
 
 2. Any thing drawn upon the head, and 
 wrapping round it. 
 
 He undertook so to muffle up himself in his 
 hood, that none should discern hira. iVotton. 
 
 The lacerna came, from being a military Iiabit, 
 to be a common dress : it liad ahood, which could 
 be separated from and joined to it. Arbuthnot. 
 
 3. A covering put over the hawk's eyes, 
 when he is not to fly. 
 
 4. An ornamental fold that hangs down the 
 back of a graduate, to mark his degree. 
 
 To Hood. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To dress in a hood. 
 
 The cobler apron'd, and the parson gown'd, 
 The friar hooded, and the monarch crown'd. Pope. 
 
 2. To blind, as with a hood. 
 
 Wliile grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes 
 Thus with my hat, and sigh, and say. Amen. Shak. 
 
 3. To cover. 
 
 An hollow crystal pyramid he takes, 
 In firmamental waters dipt above ; 
 
 Of it a broad extinguisher he makes. 
 And hoods the flames that to their quarry strove. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Ho'oDMAN Blind, n.s. A play in which 
 the person hooded is to catch another, 
 and tell the name ; blindman's buff. 
 
 What devil was't. 
 That thus hath cozen'd you at hoodman blind ? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Ho'oD-wiNK. v. a. [hood and tvink.] 
 1. To blind with something bound over 
 the eyes. 
 
 ■They willingly hoodwinking themselves from 
 seeing his faults, he often abused the virtue of 
 courage to defend his foul vice of injustice. Sidnei/. 
 
 We will bind and hood-wink him so, that he shall 
 suppose he is carried into the leaguer of the ad- 
 versaries. \ Shakesp. 
 
 Then she who hath been hood-wink'd from her 
 birth. 
 Doth first herself within death's mirroursee.Dai'ies. 
 
 So have I seen, at Christmas shorts, one lost. 
 And, hood-wink'd, for a man embrace a post. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 Satan is fain to hood-winh those that start. 
 
 Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Prejudice so dexterously hood-winks tnen s minds 
 u to Keep them in the dark, with a belief that they 
 we more in the light, Locke. 
 
 H O O 
 
 Must I wed HuHogune.' 
 
 Fantastick cruelty' of IwU-tvink'd cliance ! Rowe. 
 On liigh, where no hoarse winds or clouds resorl, 
 The hood-ivinitd goddess keeps her partial court. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 2. To cover ; to hide. 
 
 Be patient ; for the prize, I'll bring thee to, 
 Sliull honfi-idnk this miscliance. Shakesp. 
 
 3. To deceive ; to impose upon. 
 
 She delighted in infamy, wlijch often she had 
 used to her husband's shame, fillin*; all nien'.s ears, 
 but his, with reproach ; while he, hood-uink'd 
 with kindness, least of all men knew who struck 
 him. S'uinejj. 
 
 HOOF. w. 5. [)5op, Sax. Aof/, Dut.] The 
 hard horny substance on the feet of gra- 
 minivorous animals. 
 
 With the hoi)fs or his horses shall he tread down 
 all thv streets. Ezek. xxvl. 11. 
 
 The bull and rain know the use of their horns as 
 well as the horse of his hoofs. I^lorc. 
 
 Ho'oFED. adj. [from hoof.'] Furnished 
 
 with hoofs. 
 
 Among quadrupeds, tlie roe-deer is the swiftest; 
 of all the hoofed, the horse is the most beautiful ; 
 of ail the clawed, the lion is the strongest. Grew. 
 
 Ho'oF-BOUND. adj. [hoof a.nd bound. 1 
 A horse is said to be hoof-bound when he has a 
 pain in the fore-feet, occasioned by the dryness 
 and contraction or narrowness of the horn of the 
 quarters, whicli straitens the quarters of the heels, 
 and oftentimes makes the horse lame. A hoof-bound 
 horse has a narrow heel, the sides of which come 
 too near one another, insomuch that the flesh is 
 kept too tight, and has not its natural extent. 
 
 Farrier's Diet. 
 
 HOOK. n.s. [hoce, Sax. hocck, Dut.] 
 
 1. Any thing bent so as to catch hold: aSj 
 a shepherd's hook and pot hooks. 
 
 This falling not, for that they had not far enough 
 undermined it, they assayed with threat hooks and 
 strong ropes to have pulled it down. Knolks. 
 
 2. The curvated wire on which the bait is 
 hung for fishes, and with which the fish 
 is pierced. 
 
 Like unto golden hooks. 
 That from the foolish fish their baits do hide.5pe;(5. 
 
 My bended hook shall, pierce 
 Their slimy jaws. Shakesp. 
 
 Though divine Plato thus of pleasures thought, 
 They us with hooks and baits, like 6shes, caught. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 3. A snare ; a trap. 
 A shop of all the qualities that man 
 
 Loves woman for, besides that hook of wiving, 
 Fairne.ss, which strikes ihe eye. Shaktsp. 
 
 4. An iron to seize the meat in the caldron. 
 
 About the caldron many coi)ks accoil'd, 
 V^*ith hooks and ladles, as need did require ; 
 The while the viands in the vessel bond. F.Queen. 
 
 5. A sickle to reap corn. 
 Pease are commonly reaped with a hook at the 
 
 end of a long stick. Mortimer. 
 
 6. Any instrument to cut or lop with. 
 
 Not that I'd lop the beauties from his book. 
 Like flashing Bentle^' with his desperate hook. Pope. 
 
 7. The part of the hinge fixed to the post: 
 whence the proverb, off the hooks, for in 
 disorder. 
 
 My doublet looks, 
 Like him that wears it, quite offo' the hooks. 
 
 Cleavehmi. 
 
 She was horribly bold, meddling and expensive, 
 
 easily put ofTtke hooks, and monstrous hard to be 
 
 pleased agam. L'Estrange. 
 
 While Sheridan is oj? the hooks, 
 And friend Delany at nis books. Swift. 
 
 S. Hook. [In husbandry.] A field sown 
 two years running. Ainsworth. 
 
 9. Hook or crook. One way or other ; b}' 
 any expedient ; by any means direct or 
 oblique. Ludicrous. 
 
 H o o 
 
 Which he by hook or crook had gathered. 
 
 And for liis own inventions father d. Hudibrm. 
 
 He Would bring him by hook or crook into his 
 
 quarrel. Dryden. 
 
 To Hook. v. a, [from the noun.] 
 
 I. To catch with a hook. 
 
 The huge jack he had caught was served up for 
 the first dish ; upon oursitting down to it, he gave 
 us a long acciMint how he had hooled it, played 
 with it, foiled it, and at length drew it out upon 
 the bank. Adduon. 
 
 •2. To intrap ; to insnare. 
 
 3. To draw as with a hook. 
 
 But she 
 1 can hiH)k to me. Shakesp. ^yinter'g Tale, 
 
 4. To fasten as with an hook. 
 
 5. To draw by force or artifice. 
 
 There are many branches of the natural law no 
 way reducible to the two tables, unless hodked in 
 by tedious consequences. Norris. 
 
 Hooked, adj. [from hook.] Bent ; cur- 
 vated. 
 
 Gri/^s signifies eagle or vulture ; from whence the 
 epithet^i/P"S, for an /i oo/cerf or aquiline nose. iiroun. 
 
 Now thou threaten'st, with unjust decree. 
 To seize the prize which 1 so dearly bought : 
 ]\Iean match to thine ; for still above the rest. 
 Thy hooked rapacious hands usurp the hest.Dntden. 
 
 Cater|jillars have claws and feet : the claws are 
 hooked, to take the better hold in climbing froni 
 twig to twig, and hanging on the backsides of 
 leaves. Grew. 
 
 Ho'oKEDNESS. w. s, [from hooked.] State 
 of being bent like a hook. 
 
 HooKNo'sED. adj. [hook and nose,] Hav- 
 ing the aquiline nose rise in the middle. 
 
 I may Justly say with the hixihnosed fellow of 
 Rome tliere, Caesar, I came, saw, and overcame. 
 Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 HOOP. w. 5. [hotp.'DuU] 
 1. Any thing circular by which something 
 else is bound, particularly casks or bar- 
 rels. 
 
 Thou shall prove a shelter to thy friends, 
 A hoopof gold to bind thy brothers in. 
 That the united vessel of their blood 
 Shall never leak. Shakesp. Hen. IV. 
 
 If 1 knew 
 What hoop would hold us stauncli, from edge to 
 
 edge 
 0' th' world, I would pursue it. Shakesp. 
 
 A quarrel, ho, already ! what's the matter ? 
 — About a /iot*p of gold, a paltry ring. Shahesp. 
 
 To view so lewd a town, and to refrain, 
 Wliat h<\yps of iron could my spleen contain !i!)ru(i. 
 
 And learned Athens to our art must stoop. 
 Could she beheld us tumbling through a hoop.Pope. 
 
 2. The wlialebone witli which women ex- 
 tend their petticoats ; a farthingale. 
 
 At coming in vou saw her sloop: 
 The entry brush'd against her hoop. Swift. 
 
 All that hixtps are good for is to clean dirty shoes, 
 and tti keep fellows at a distance. Clarissa. 
 
 3. Any thing circular. 
 
 1 have seen at Rome an antiq ue statue of Time, 
 with a wheel or hoop of marble in his hand. Addis. 
 
 To Hoop. v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To bind or enclose with hoops. 
 
 The three hoop'd pot shall have ten ?i««w, and 
 1 will make il foluny to drink small beer, viakcsp. 
 
 The casks for his majesty's shipping were hooptd 
 us a wine-cask, or hooped with iron. Raleigh. 
 
 2. To encircle ; to clasp ; to surround. 
 
 If ever heiiceforth ihou 
 Shalt hoi^p his body more with t!iy embraces, 
 I will devise a death. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 I hih^p the firmament, and make 
 This my embrare tlie zodiack. CleartUtnd. 
 
 That shelly guani, which /ioit;js in the eye, and 
 hides tlie greater part of il, might occasion his 
 mistake. Greu: 
 
 To Hoop. r. 7t. [from wopgan or wopyan, 
 Goth, or houppery Fr, derived from the 
 
 909
 
 HOP 
 
 Gotliick. This word is generally writ- 
 ten tvhoop, which is more proper if we 
 deduce it from the Gotliick ; and hoop 
 it" we derive it from the French.] To 
 shout ; to make an outcry by way of call 
 or pursuit. 
 To Hoop. v. a. 
 
 1 . To drive with a shout. 
 
 Dastard nobles 
 Suffer'd me, by the voice of slaves, to be 
 lioopd out of R(jme. Shukesp. Cffriolanus. 
 
 2. To call by a shout. 
 
 Ho'opEU. n. s. [from hoop to inclose with 
 
 hoops.] A cooper ; one that hoops tubs. 
 Ho'oPiNG-couGH. n. s. [or whooping- 
 cough, from hoop to shout.] A convul- 
 sive cough, so called from its noise ; the 
 chincough. 
 To Hoot. v. n. [hwt, Welsh ; huer, Fr.] 
 J. To shout in contempt. 
 
 A number of country folks happened to pass 
 thereby, who hollowed and hooted after me as at 
 the arruiitest coward. Sidney. 
 
 Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To cry as an owl. 
 
 Some keep back 
 The clamorous owl, that nightly hoots, and wonders 
 At our queint sports. Shahesp. 
 
 To Hoot. v. a. To drive with noise and 
 
 shouts. 
 
 We lov'd him ; but, like beasts. 
 Our coward nobles gave way to your clusters, 
 Who did hoot him out o* th* city. Shakesp. 
 
 The owl of Rome, whom boys and girls will hoot! 
 That were I st-t up for that wooden god 
 That keeps nur gardens, could not fright the crows. 
 Or the least bird, from muting on my head.B.Jonson. 
 
 Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat 
 and impostor, if I fail in any particular of mo- 
 ment. Swift. 
 
 Hoot. n. s. [hme, Fr. from the verb.] Cla- 
 mour ; shout ; noise. 
 
 Its assertion would be entertained with the hoot 
 of the rabble. GlaiiviUe's Scepsis. 
 
 To HOP. V. n. [)3oppan, Sax. happen, 
 Dut.] 
 
 1. To jump ; to skip lightly. 
 
 I would have thee gone. 
 And yet no further than a wanton's bird, 
 That lets it hop a little from her hand. 
 And with a silk thread plucks it back again. Shah. 
 
 Go, hop mp over every kennel iiome ; 
 For you sha!l hop without my custom, sir. Shakesp. 
 
 Be kind :ind courteous to this gentleman. 
 Hop in his walks, and gambol in his eyes.Shakesp 
 
 The painted birds, companions of the Spring, 
 Hopjyivg from spray to spray were heard. Dryden. 
 
 Vour Ben and Fletcher, in their first young 
 flight. 
 Did no Volpone, norno Arbaces write ; 
 But hopp'd about, and short excursions made 
 From bough to bough, as if they were afraid. 
 
 Drydeti. 
 
 Why don't we vindicate ourselves by trial or- 
 deal, and liop over heated ploughshares blindfold - 
 ' Collier. 
 
 I am highly delighted to sec the jay or the 
 thrush hopping about ray walks. Svectator. 
 
 2. To leap on one leg. 
 
 Men with heads like dogs, and others with one 
 
 huge foot alone, whereupon they did hop from 
 
 place to place. Abbot. 
 
 S.To walk lamely, or with one leg less 
 
 nimble or strong than the other ; to 
 
 limp ; to halt. 
 
 The limping smith ohserv'd the saddcn'd feast, 
 .\rn\ hoiiping here and there, himself a jest. 
 Put in ills word. riryden's fUmer. 
 
 4. To move ; to play. 
 
 HOP 
 
 Softly feel 
 Her feeble pulse, to prove if aiij drop 
 Of living blood yet in her veins did hop. F.Queen, 
 
 Hop. n.s, [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A jump ; a light leap. 
 
 2. A jump on one leg. 
 
 When ray wings are on, I can go above a hun- 
 dred yards at a hoi), stcji, and jump. Addison. 
 
 3. A place where meaner people dance. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 HOP. M. s. [hop, Dut, lupnlus, Lat.] A 
 plant. 
 
 It has a creeping root : the leaves are rough, 
 angular, and conjugated : the stalks climb and 
 twist about whatever is near them ; the flowers 
 are male and female on different plants : the male 
 fldwer consists of a cal3'x divided into five parts, 
 which surrounds the stamina, but has no petals to 
 the flower : the female plants have their flowers 
 collected into squamose heads, which grow hi 
 bunches: from each leafy scale is ]»roduced an 
 horned ovary, which becomes a single roundish 
 seed. Milter. 
 
 If hop yard or orchard ye mind for to have. 
 For hop poles and crotchets in lopping to save.Tus. 
 
 The planting of hop yards is profitable for the 
 planters, and consequently for the kingdom. Bacon. 
 
 Beer hath malt first infused in the liquor, and is 
 afterwards boiled with iht: hop. Bacon. 
 
 Next to. thistles are hop strings, cut after the 
 flo^vers are gathered. DerJuim. 
 
 Have the poles without forks, otherwise it will 
 be troublesome to part the /lop vines and the poles 
 
 Moi-timer. 
 
 When you water hops, on the top of every hill 
 put dissolved dang, which will enrich your hop 
 nills. _ Martimer. 
 
 In Kent they plant their hop gardens with apple- 
 trees and cherry-trees between. Mortimer. 
 
 The price of hoeing of hop ground is forty shil- 
 lings an acre. Mortimer. 
 
 Hop poles, the lari^e^* sort, should be about 
 twenty foot long, and about nine inches in com- 
 pass. " Mortimer^ 
 
 To Hop. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To impregnate with hops. 
 
 Brew in October, and hop it for long keeping. 
 
 Mintimer. 
 
 To increase the milk, diminished by flesh meat, 
 
 take malt-drink not much hopped. Arbuthtiot. 
 
 HOPE. w. s. [popa, Sax. hope, Dut.] 
 I . Expectation of some good ; an expecta- 
 tion indulged with pleasure. 
 
 Hope is that pleasure in the mind which every 
 one finds in himself, upon the thought of a profit- 
 able future enjoyment of a thing, which is apt to 
 delight him. Locke. 
 
 There is hope of a tree, if cut down, that it will 
 sprout again. Job xiv. 7. 
 
 When in heav'n she shall his essence see, 
 This is lier sov'reipn good, and perfect bliss ; 
 
 Her longing, wishings, hopes, all finish'd be ; 
 Her joys are full, her motions rest in this Davies. 
 
 Sweet hope! kind cheat ! fair fallacy! by thee 
 We are not where or wliat we be ; 
 But what and where we would be ; thus art thou 
 Our absent presence, and our future now.Crashaw. 
 
 Faith is opposed to infideliry, and ho})e to de- 
 spair. Taylor. 
 
 He sought them both, but wisli'd his hap might 
 find 
 Eve separate : he wish'd, hut not with hope 
 Of what so seldom chanc'd : when to his wish, 
 Beyond his hmie. Eve separate he spies. Milton. 
 
 The Trojan dames 
 To Pallas' fane in long procession go, 
 In hopes to reconcile tlieir heav'nly foe. Dryden. 
 
 Why not comfort myself with the hope of what 
 may be, as torment myself with the fear on't. 
 
 L" Estrange. 
 
 To encourage our fto/JCj!, it gives us the highest 
 assurance of most lasting happiness, in c.ise of 
 obedience. Titlotion. 
 
 The deceased really lived like one that had his 
 hope in another life ; a life which he hath now 
 
 HOP 
 
 entered upon, having exchanged htipe for sight, 
 desire for enjoyment. Atterbury. 
 
 Voung men look rather to the past age than 
 the present, and therefore the future maj have 
 some hopes of them. Swift. 
 
 2. Confidence in a future event, or in the 
 future conduct of any person. 
 
 It is good, being pnt to death by men, to look 
 for hope from God, to be raised up again by him. 
 
 2 Mac. vii. 14. 
 
 Blessed is he who is not fallen from his hope in 
 the Lord. Eccles. xiv. 2. 
 
 3. That which gives hope; that on which 
 the hopes are fixed, as an agent by which 
 something desired may be effected. 
 
 I might see from far some forty truncheoiieers 
 draw to her succour, which were the hope of the 
 Strand, where she was quarter'd. Shiik. Hen. VIXl. 
 
 i. The object of hope. 
 
 Thy mother felt more than a mother's pain. 
 And yet brought forth less than a mother's hope; 
 To wit, an indigested deform'd lump. Shakesp. 
 
 She was his care, his hope, and his delight. 
 Most in his thought, and ever in his sight. Dryd, 
 
 Hope. n. s. Any sloping plain between 
 
 the ridges of mountains. Ainsworth. 
 
 To Hope. i>. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To live in expectation of some good. 
 
 Hope for good success, according to the efficacy 
 of the causes and the instrument ; and let the 
 husbandman hope for a good harvest. Tayhr, 
 
 My muse, by stormslong tost, 
 Is thrown upon your hospitable coast ; 
 Aiul finds more favour by her ill success. 
 Than slie could hope for by her hai)piness.Drj/(ien. 
 
 Who knows what adverse fortune may befaii ! 
 Arm well your mind, hope little, and fear aW.Dryd, 
 
 2. To place confidence in another. 
 
 He shall strengthen your lieart, all ye that hope 
 in the Lord. Psalm xxxi. 24. 
 
 To Hope. v. a. To expect with desire. 
 
 The sun shines hot ; and if we use delay. 
 Cold-biting Winter mars our hop'd for hay. Shakesp. 
 
 So stands the Thracian herdstnan with his spear 
 Full in the ga|i, and hopes the hunted hear.Dryden. 
 
 Ho'pEFUL. adj. [hope and full.] 
 
 1. Full of qualities which produce hope ; 
 promising ; likely to obtain success ; 
 likely to come to maturity ; likely to 
 gratify desire, or answer expectation. 
 
 lie will advance thee : 
 I know his noble nature, not to let 
 Tliy hopeful service perish. Shakesp. 
 
 You serve a great and gracious master, and 
 there is a most hopeful young prince whom you 
 must nut desert. Bacon. 
 
 What to the old can greater pleasure be. 
 Than hopeful and ingenious ynuih to see ' Denham. 
 
 They take up a book in their declining years, 
 and grow very hopeful scholars by that time they 
 are threescore. Addison. 
 
 2. Full of hope ; full of expectation of suc- 
 cess. This sense is now almost confined 
 to Scotland, though it is analogical, and 
 found in good writers. 
 
 Men of their own natural inclination hopeful 
 and strongly conceited, whatsoever they took in 
 hand. Hooker. 
 
 1 was hopeful the success of your first attempts 
 would encourage you to make trial also of more 
 nice and difficult experiments. Boyle. 
 
 Whatever ills the friendless orphan bears, 
 Bereav'd of parejitsin his infant years. 
 Still must the wrong'd Telemachus sustain. 
 If hopeful of yonr aid, he hopes in vain. Pope. 
 
 Hopefully, adv. [fiom hopeful.] 
 1. In such manner as to raise liope; in a 
 promising wa}'. 
 
 He left all his" female kindred either matched 
 with peers of the realm actually, or hopeJuUi^ with 
 earls' sons and lieirs. If otton. 
 
 910
 
 H O R 
 
 They were ready to renew the war, and to pro- 
 secute it )t0peJuUtf, to the reductioD or svippression 
 of the Irish. Clarendon. 
 
 2. With hope; without despair. This 
 sense is rare. 
 
 From your promising and generous endeavours 
 wc may hopefully expect a considerable enlarge- 
 ment of tlie history of nature. Glanv'dle. 
 
 Hopefulness. «.«. [from hopeful.] Pro- 
 mise of good ; likelihood to succeed. 
 
 Set down beforehand certain signatures of //ope- 
 fuiness, or characters, whereby may be timely de- 
 scribed wliat the chiid will prove in prubahihty. 
 
 Wotton. 
 
 Ho'PELESS. adj, [from hope.'] 
 
 1 . Without hope ; without {^leasing expec- 
 tation ; despairing. 
 
 Are they indilierent, being used as signs of im- 
 moderate and hopeless lamentation for the dead ? 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Alas! I am a woman, friendless, hopeless! Shak. 
 
 He watches with greedy hope to find 
 Hh wish, and best advantajie, us asunder; 
 Hopeless to circumvent us juin'd, where each 
 To other speedy aid mitiht lend at need. Milton. 
 
 The fall'n archangel, envious of oui state. 
 And hopeless to prevail by open force, 
 Seeks bid advantage. Uryden's State if Innocence. 
 
 Hopeless uf ransom, and condemn'd t'j lie 
 In durance, doum'd a ling'ring death to die. Dryd. 
 
 2. Giving no hope ; promising nothing 
 pleasing. 
 
 The hopeless word of never to return. 
 Breathe I against thee upon pain of life. Shakesp. 
 Ho'PER. n. s. [from hope.] One that lias 
 pleasing expectations. 
 
 I except ail hopers, who turn the scale, because 
 the strong expectation of a good certain salary 
 will outweigh the loss by bad rents. Swift. 
 
 Ho'piNGLY. adv. [from hoping.] With 
 hope ; with expectation of good. 
 
 One sign of despair is the peremptory contempt 
 of the condition which is the ground of^hope ; the 
 going on not only in terrours and amazement of 
 conscience, but also boldly, hopingly, and confi- 
 dently in wilful habits of sin. Hammond. 
 
 Ho'ppER. n. s. [from hop.] He who 
 hops or jumps on one leg. Ainsinorfh. 
 
 Ho'pPERS. n.s. [commonly called Scotch 
 hoppers.] A kind of play in which the 
 actor hops on one leg. 
 
 Ho'pPER. n. s. [so called because it is al- 
 ways hopping, or in agitation. It is 
 called in French, for the same reason, 
 tremie or iremue.] 
 
 1. The box or open frame of wood into 
 which the corn is put to be ground. 
 
 The salt of the lake Asphaltites shootelh into 
 J erfect cubes. Sometimes they arepyramidal and 
 plain, like the hopper of a rai!l. " Grew. 
 
 Graminivorous birds have the mechanism of a 
 mill : their maw is the hopper which holds and soft- 
 ens tlie grain, letting it drop by degrees into the 
 storaRch. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 Just at the hopper will I stand, 
 In my vvhole life 1 never saw grist ground, 
 And mark the clack how justly it will sound. 
 
 Betterton. 
 
 2. A basket for carrying seed. Ainsworth. 
 Ho'ral. adj. [from hora, Lat.] Relating 
 
 to the hour. 
 
 Huwe'er reduc'd and plain. 
 The watch would still a watch remain ; 
 But if the horal orbit ceases, 
 The whole stands still, or breaks to pieces. Prior. 
 
 Ho'rary. adj. [horaire, Fr. horarius, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Relating to an hour. 
 
 I'll draw a figure that shall tetl you 
 What you perhaps forgot befell you, 
 
 H O R 
 
 By way of horary inspection. 
 Which some account our worst erection. Hudihras. 
 in his answer to an horary question, as what 
 hour of the night to set a fox-trap, he has discuss- 
 ed, under tlie character of Reynard, tlie manner 
 of surprising all sharpers. Toiler. 
 
 2. Continuing for an hour. 
 
 \\ hen, from a basket of Summer-fruit, God by 
 Amos foretold the destruction of his people, there- 
 by was declared the pro|'inquity of their des«la- 
 (iun, and that their tranquillity was of no longer 
 duration than those horary or soon decaying fruits 
 of Summer. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Horde, n. s. A clan ; a migratory crew of 
 
 people. It is applied only to the Tartars. 
 
 Of lost mankind, in poHsh'd slavery sunk, 
 Druve martial horde on horde wiih dreadful sweep, 
 And gave the vanquish'd world another form. 
 
 'Dtoaison. 
 
 HO'RIZON. 71. s. [e5i{a;».] The line that 
 terminates the view. The horizon is dis- 
 tinguished into sensible and real: the 
 sensible horizon is the circular line which 
 limits the view ; the real is that which 
 would bound it, if it could take in the 
 hemisphere. It is falsely pronounced by 
 Shakespeare horizon. 
 
 When the morning sun shall raise his car 
 Above the border of this horizon. 
 We'll forward towards Warwick and his mates. 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 She began to cast with herself from what coast 
 this blazing star should first appear, and at what 
 time it must be upon the horizon of Ireland. Bacon. 
 
 In his East the slori'-us lajup was seen, 
 Kegent of day ; and all th' horizon round 
 Invested with* bright ravs. hlilton. 
 
 The morning lark, the messenger of day. 
 Saluted in her song the morning gray; 
 And siion the sun arose with beatas so bright, 
 That all ih' horizon laugb'd to see the joyous sight. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 When the sea is worked up in a tempest, so that 
 the horizoj} on every side is notliing but foamitig 
 billows and floating mountains, it is impossible tn 
 describe the agreeable horrour that rises from such 
 a prospect. Addison. 
 
 Horizontal, adj. [horizontal, Fr, from 
 
 hoj'izon,] 
 I. Near the horizon. 
 
 As w hen the sun, new risen, 
 Looks through the horiz/tntal misty air. 
 Shorn of his beams ; or from behin'l the moon, 
 111 dim ectij'Se, disastrous twilight sheds 
 On half the nations. Milton. 
 
 "2. Parallel to the horizon ; on a level. 
 
 An obelisk erected, and golden figures placed 
 • horiz'mtal about it, was brought out of Kgypt by 
 Augustus. oroun. 
 
 The problem is reduced to this : What peri>en- 
 dicular height Js necessary to place several ranks 
 of rowers in a plane inclined to a horitontal line in 
 a given angle ? Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Horizo'ntally. adv. [from horizontal.] 
 In a direction parallel to the horizon. 
 
 As it will not sink into the bottom, so will it 
 neither float above, like ligliter bodies ; but, being 
 near in weight, lie superficially, or almost horiion- 
 taliy unto it. " Brown. 
 
 The ambient ether is too liquid and empty to 
 impel them horizorAally with celerity. Benttey. 
 
 HORN. n. s. [haurn, Goth, fojin, Sax. 
 
 hor?iy Dut.] 
 1. The hard bodies which grow on the 
 heads of some f>raminivorous quadru- 
 peds, and serve them for weapons. 
 
 No beast that hath /lonu hath upper teeth. Bacon. 
 
 Zetus rises through the ground, 
 Bending the bull's tough neck with pain, 
 That tosses back his horns in vain. Addison. 
 
 All that process is no more surprising than the 
 eruption of horns in some brutes, or of teeth and 
 beard in men at certain periods of age. Bentky. 
 
 H O R 
 
 9. An instrument of wind-rousick made of 
 horn. 
 
 Thf squire 'gan Higher to appruach. 
 And wind his furm under the castle-wall, 
 7'hat with the noise it shook as it would fall. 
 
 , tairy QliUn. 
 
 There's a post come from my master, with his 
 
 A<7m full of good news. Shaf:e$p. 
 
 1 he goddess to her crooked honi 
 Adds all her breath : the rocks and wof>ds around. 
 And mountains, tremble at th' inferiial sound. 
 
 . . Itryden. 
 
 Fair Ascanius, and his youthful train. 
 With horns and hounds a hunting match ordain. 
 
 3. The extremity of the waxing or waining 
 moon, as mentioned by poets. 
 
 .She bless'd the bed, such ftuiifulness convcjr'd. 
 That ere ten moons had sliarpen'd ciiher horn, 
 To crown their bliss, a lovely boy was born. Dryd. 
 
 The niuun 
 Wears a wan circle round her blunted honii.Thomi. 
 
 4. I he feelers of a snaiL Whence the 
 proverb, To pull in the horns, to repress 
 one's ardour. 
 
 Love's feeling is more soft and sensible, 
 'J'han arc the lender horns of cockled snails. Shak. 
 
 Aufidiu'i, 
 Hearing of our Marcius's banishment. 
 Thrust forth his horns again into the world, 
 Wliicti were insbell'd wheit Marcius stood for 
 
 Home, 
 And durst not once peep out. Shakafi. 
 
 5. .\ drinking cup made of horn. 
 
 6. Antler of a cuckold. 
 
 If J have horns to make one mad, 
 Let the proverb go with me, I'll be horn mad. 
 
 Shaktsp. 
 
 Merchants, vent'ring through the main. 
 Slight pyrates, rocks, and horns fur gain. i/udi&raf. 
 
 7. Horn mad. Perhajis mad as a cuckold. 
 
 1 am glad he went not in himself: if he had, 
 he would have been horn luod. Shahcsp. 
 
 Horn-be'ak. ) 71. s. A kind of fish. 
 HoRNFi'sH. J Ainsworth. 
 
 Ho'rnbeam. 11. s. \horn and beam, Dut. 
 for tree, from the hardness of the timber.] 
 
 It hath leaves like the elm or beech tree. The 
 timber is very tough and inflexible, aud if excel- 
 lent use. yiiller. 
 Ho'rnbook. n. s. \horn and book.'] The 
 first book of children, covered with horn 
 to keep it unsoiled. 
 
 He teaches boys the hornbook. Shakesp. 
 
 Nothing has been considered of this kind out of 
 the ordinary road of the hornbool, and primer. LocA<. 
 
 To master John the English maid 
 A hornbook gives of gingerbread ; 
 And that the child may learn the better. 
 As he can name, he eats the letter. Prior. 
 
 Horned, adj. [from horn.'] Furnished 
 with horns. 
 
 .\s when two rams, slirr'd with ambitious pride. 
 Fight f"r the rule of the rich lleeced flock. 
 
 Their horned fronts so fierce on either side 
 Do meet, that, with llie terrour of the sliock. 
 Astonished both stand senseless as a block. 
 
 F. Qitecn. 
 
 Thither all the homed host resorts, 
 To graze the ranker mead. Denham. 
 
 Thou king of homed fliiods, whose plenteous urn 
 Suffices fatness to the fruitful com. Drtj'len. 
 
 Ho'rner. n.s. [from horn.] One that 
 works in horn, and sells horns. 
 
 The skin of a bull's forehead is the part of the 
 hide made use of by homers, whereupon they 
 shave their horns. Crete. 
 
 Hornet, n.s. [)))TinerTe, Sax. from its 
 horns.] .\ verj- larije strong stinging 
 fly, which makes its nest in hollow trees. 
 
 Silence, in limes of sutTring, is the best ; 
 'Tis dangerous to disturb a hornet's nest. Dryden. 
 
 911
 
 H O R 
 
 Hornets do mischief to trees by breeding in them. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 1 have often admired how hornets, that gather 
 drv materials for building their nests, have found 
 a proper matter to ghie tlieir combs. Derham. 
 
 Ho'rn foot. U.S. [hoi-n aniifoot.] Hoofed. 
 
 Mad frantick men, that did not iid y qualce ! 
 With honifoot horses, and brass wheels, Jove's 
 storms to emulate. HaheuiU on Providence. 
 
 Ho'rnowl. n. s. A kind of horned ow]. 
 
 Ainsivorth. 
 
 Ho'rn riPE. n. s. [horn and pipe.] A 
 
 countiy dance, danced commonly to a 
 
 horn. 
 
 A lusty tabrere. 
 That to thee many a hornpipe play'd. 
 Whereto they daiinceii each one with his maid. 
 
 Spenser. 
 There many a hornpipe he tuu'd to his Phyllis. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 Let all the quicksilver i' the mine 
 Run to the feel veins, and refine 
 Your firklium jcrkhum to a dance 
 Shall fetch the fiddlers out of France, 
 To wonder at the hornpipes here 
 Of Nottingham and Derbyshire. Ben Jnnson. 
 
 Florinda danced the Derbyshire hornpipe in the 
 presence of several friends. Tatler. 
 
 Ho'rnstone. n.s. A kind of blue stone. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 Ho'rnwork. n. s. A kind of angular 
 
 fortification. 
 Horny, adj. [from horn.] 
 
 1. Made of horn. 
 
 2. Resembling horn. 
 
 He thousjht he by the brook of Cherith stood, 
 And saw the ravens with their /lorai/ beaks 
 Food to Elijah bringing even and morn. Milton 
 
 The horni) or pellucid cuat of the eye doth not 
 lie in the same superficies with the white of the 
 eve, but riseth up above its cimvexity, and is of 
 an hyperbolical figure. Ray on the Creation, 
 
 Rough are her ears, and broad lier homii feet. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The pineal gland was encompassed with a kind 
 of horni) substance. Addison. 
 
 As the serum of the blood is resolvable by a 
 small heat, a greater heat coagulates it so as to turn 
 it homy, like parchment ; but when it is thorough- 
 ly putrified, it will no longer concrete. Arbitthnot. 
 
 3. Hard as horn ; callous. 
 
 Tyrrheus, the foster father of the beast, 
 Then clench'd a hatchet in his horny fist. Dryden. 
 
 Horo'graphy. n.s. [horographie, Fr. 
 u^a and y^atpw ] An account of the hours. 
 
 Horologe. >n. s. [horologium, Lat.] 
 
 Ho'rolog Y. j Any instrument that tells 
 the hour : as a clock ; a watch ; an hour- 
 glass. 
 
 He'll watch the horolnge a double set. 
 If drink rock not his cradle. Shakesp. 
 
 Before the days of Jerome there were horohigies, 
 that measured the liours not only by drops of 
 water in glasses, called clepsydra, but aUo by 
 sand in glasses, called clepsannuia. _ Bronn. 
 
 Horo'metry. n.s. horomelrie, Vr. i'^a 
 and (liiTji'w.] The art of measuring hours. 
 
 It is no easy wonder how the horometry of anti- 
 quity discovered not this artifice. Brown 
 
 Ho'roscope. n.s. [horoscope, French. 
 i^o'crxoTT©-.] The configuration of the 
 planets at the hour of birth. 
 
 How unlikely is it, that the many almost num- 
 berless coiijunclions of stars, which occur in the 
 progress c/ a man's life, should not match and 
 counlervail that one horoscope or conjunction "Inch 
 is foinid at his birlh. Drummond. 
 
 A propor'ion of the horoscope unto the seventh 
 house, or opposite simis every seventh year, v\> 
 presseth living creatures 
 
 Him born beneath a boding horoscope, 
 
 Bro. 
 
 H O R 
 
 His sire, the blear-ey'd Vulcan of a shop, 
 Fiom Mars his forge sent to Minerva's school. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The Greek names this the horoscope ; 
 This governs life, and this marks out our parts. 
 Our humours, manners, qualities and arts. Creech. 
 
 They understood the planets and llie zodiack 
 by instinct, and fell to drawing schemes of their 
 own horoscopes in the same dust they sprung out 
 of. Bentley. 
 
 Ho'rrent. adj. [horrens, Lat. Horren- 
 tia pilis agmina.] Pointed outwards; 
 bristled with points : a word perhaps in- 
 troduced by ftlilton. 
 
 Him a glube 
 Of fiery seraphim incircled round 
 With bright itnblazonry and horrent arras. Milton. 
 
 HORRIBLE, adj. [horrible, Fr. horri- 
 bilis, Lat.] Dreadful ; terrible ; shock- 
 ing ; hideous ; enormous. 
 
 No colour affecteth the eye much with displea- 
 sure : there be sights that are horrible, because 
 they excite the memory of things that are odious 
 or fearful. Bacon. 
 
 A dungeon horrible on all sides round. 
 As one great furnace flamed. Milton. 
 
 O sight 
 Of terrour, foul and ugly to behold. 
 Horrid to think, liow hoi-rible to feel ! Milton. 
 
 Eternal happiness and eternal misery, meeting 
 with a persuasion that the soul is immortal, are, 
 of all others, the first the most desirable, and the 
 latter the most horrible to human apprehension. 
 
 South. 
 
 Ho'rribleness. n. s. [from horrible.] 
 Dreadfulness ; hideousness ; terribleness; 
 fearfulness. 
 
 Ho'rribly. adv. [from horrible.] 
 
 1 . Dreadfully ; hideously. 
 
 What hideous noise was that 1 
 Horribly htud. 
 
 •2. To a dreadful degree. 
 
 The contagion of these ill precedents^ 
 civility and virtue, horribly infects children. Locfce. 
 
 IIO'RRID. adj. [horiidtis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Hideous ; dreadful ; shocking. 
 
 Give colour to my pale cheek with thy blood, 
 That we the hnrrider may seem to those 
 Which chance to find usr Shakesp. Cymb. 
 
 Not in tlie legions 
 Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn'd, 
 In evils to top iMacbetli. Shakesp. 
 
 Horror on them fell. 
 And horrid sympathy. Milton. 
 
 2. Shocking ; offensive ; unpleasing : in 
 women's cant. 
 
 Already I vour tears survey. 
 Already hear theViorrid things they say. Pope. 
 
 3. Rough ; rugged. 
 
 Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn. 
 Few paths of human feet or tracks of beasts were 
 worn. 
 HORRIDNESS 
 deousness ; enormity. 
 
 A bloody designer suborns his instrument to 
 take away "such a man's life, and the confessor re- 
 presents the Iwrridness of the fact, and brings him 
 lo repentance. Hammond. 
 
 Ho'rrifick. adj. [horrifims, Lat.] Caus- 
 ing horrour. 
 
 His jaws horrifick, arm'd with three-fold fate. 
 Here dwells the' direful shark. Thomson. 
 
 Ho'rrisonous. adj. [horrisonus, Lat.] 
 Sounding dreadfully. Diet. 
 
 Ho'rrour. n.s. [horror, Lat. horreur, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Terrour mixed with detestation ; a pas- 
 sion compounded of fear and hate, both 
 strong. 
 
 Miltm. 
 
 both in 
 
 D ridden. 
 n.s. [from horrid.] Hi- 
 
 H O R 
 
 Over tliera sad horrour, with grim hue. 
 Did always soar, healing his iron wings ; 
 
 And after him owls and night ravei.s flew. 
 The hateful messengers of heavy things. Fairy Q. 
 
 Duublless all souls have a surviving thotight. 
 Therefore of death we think with quiet mind ; 
 
 But if vve think, of being turned to nought, 
 A trembling horrour in our souls we find. Davks. 
 
 JMe damp honour chill'd 
 At such bold words, vouch'd with a deed so bold, 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Deep horrour seizes ev'ry human breast ; 
 Their pride Ls humbled, and their fear confest. 
 
 Dryden 
 , Dreadful thoughts. 
 
 1 have supt full with horrours ; 
 Direness, familiar to ray slaueht'rous thoughts, 
 Cannot once start me. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 3. Gloom ; dreariness. 
 
 Her gloomy presence saddens all tlie scene. 
 Shades ev'ry flow'r, and darkens ev'ry green ; 
 Deepens the murmur of the falling floods, 
 And breathes a browner horrour on the woods. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 4. [In medicine.] Such a shuddering or 
 quivering as precedes an ague-fit ; a 
 sense of shuddering or shrinking.Q^/i'ncy. 
 
 All objects of the senses, wliich are very offeri- 
 sive, do cause the spirits to retire ; and, upon their 
 flight, the parts are in some degree destitute, and 
 so there is induced ia them a trepidation and 
 horro}(r. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 HORSE, n. s. [fopj-. Sax.] 
 
 1. A neighing quadruped, used in war, and 
 draught and carriage. 
 
 Duncan's horses, the minions of the race, 
 Turn'd wild in nature, broke their stalls. Shakesp. 
 
 Ahorse! ahm-se! my kingdom for a /im-se.'SftaK. 
 
 We call a little /wrse, such a one as comes not 
 up to the size of that idea whicli we have in our 
 niinds lo belong ordinarily to horses. Locke. 
 
 2. A constellation. 
 
 Thy face, brightcentaur. Autumn's heats retain, 
 I'he softer season suiting to the nmn ; 
 Whilst Winter's shiverinsr goat afHicts the horse 
 With frost, and makes him an uneasy course. 
 
 Creech. 
 
 3. To take horse ; to set out to ride. 
 
 I took horse to the lake of Constance, which is 
 formed by llie entry of the Rhine..4(/(/i5cm on Italy. 
 
 4. It is used in the plural sense, but with a 
 singular termination ; for horses, horse- 
 men, or cavalry. 
 
 I did hear 
 The galloping o{ horse : who was't came by ?.S?iiife. 
 The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty- 
 five thousand /io?se and foot, for the repulsing of 
 the enemy at their landiug.-Bacon's W ar with Spam. 
 ' If theyhad known that all the king's horse were 
 quartered behind them, their foot might very well 
 have marched away witli their /lOise. Clarendon. 
 
 Th' Arcadian horse 
 With ill success engage the Latian force. Dn/d.iEn. 
 
 b. Sometliing on which any thing is sup- 
 ported ; as, a horse to dry linen on. 
 
 6. A wooden machine which soldiers ride 
 by way of punishment. It is sometimes 
 called a timber-mare. 
 
 7. Joined to another substantive, it signi- 
 fies something large or coarse; as, a 
 horse-face, a face of which the features 
 are large and indelicate. 
 
 To Horse, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To mount upon a horse ; to furnish with 
 
 a horse. 
 
 He came out with all his clowns, horsed upon 
 such cart-l.ides, and so furnished, as 1 thought 
 with myself, if that were thrift, I wisht none ot 
 my friei.ds ever to thrive. iidiKt/. 
 
 "After a great fisht there came to the camp of 
 Gonsalvo, the great captain, a gentleman proudly 
 horsed and armed : Diego de Mendoza asVed the 
 
 9H
 
 H O R 
 
 great captain, Who's this ? Who answered, It is 
 St. Elmo, who never appears but after the sturni. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. To carry one on the back. 
 8. To ride any thing. 
 
 Stalls, bulks, windows 
 Are smother'd, leads are fill'd, and ridges hors'd 
 Willi variable complexions ; all agreeing 
 In earnestness to see liim. Shakcsp. 
 
 4. To cover a mare. 
 
 If vou let him out to hone more mares than your 
 own," you must feed him well. Mortimer. 
 
 Horseback, ji.s. [horse and back.] Ri- 
 ding posture ; the state of being on a 
 horse. 
 
 I've seen the French, 
 And they can well on horseback. Shakesp. 
 
 I saw them salute on horseback, 
 Beheld them when they lighted. Shakesp. 
 
 Alexander fought but one remarkable battle 
 wherein there w«fe any elephants, and that was 
 with Porus, king of I:i'lia ; in which notwith- 
 standing he was on horseback. Broicn. 
 When mannish Mevia, that two-handed whore, 
 Astride ou horseback hunts the Tuscan bnar. 
 
 Driid. Jul'. 
 
 If your ramble was on htyrseback, I am glad of 
 
 it, on account of your health. Sivif't to Gay. 
 
 HORSEBEAN. 11. s. [horse and bean.] A 
 
 small bean u.sually given to hor.se.s. 
 
 Only the small horsebean is propagated by the 
 plough. Mor'limer. 
 
 Horseblock, n.s. [horse and block.] .\ 
 block on which they climb to a horse. 
 
 Horsebo'at. n. s. [horse and boat.] A 
 boat used in feriying horses. 
 
 Horseboy, n.s. [horse and boy] A boy 
 employed in dressing horses ; a stable- 
 boy. 
 
 Some horseboys, being awake, discovered them 
 by the tire in their niatclies. Ktwtles^s Historii. 
 
 Ho'RSEBREAKER. h. «. [horseand break.] 
 One whose employnieni is to tame horses 
 to the saddle. 
 
 Under Sagittarius are bom chariot-racers, horse- 
 breakers, and la ners of wild beasts. Creech. 
 
 Horseche'snut. n.s. [horse and ches- 
 nut. Esctilus.] A tree. 
 
 It hath digitated or fingerea leaves : the flowers, 
 which consist of five leaves, are of an anomalous 
 figure, opening with two lips : there are male and 
 female upon the same spike : the female flowers 
 are succeeded by nuts, whicli grow in green prick- 
 ly husks. Their whole year's shoot is cnniinonly 
 performed in three weeks time, after which it does 
 no riiore than increase in bulk, and become more 
 firm ; and all the latter part of the Summer is oc- 
 cupied in forming and strengthening the buds for 
 the next year's shoots. Miller. 
 
 The horsechesnut grows into a goodly standard. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 Ho'rsecourser. n. s. [horse and courser. 
 Junius derives it from horse and cose, 
 an old Scotch word, which signifies to 
 change ; and it should therefore, he 
 thinks, be writ horsecoser. '1 he word 
 now used in Scotland is horsecouper, to 
 denote a jockey, seller, or rather changer 
 of horses, it may well be derived from 
 course, as he that sells horses may be 
 supposed to course or exercise them.] 
 
 1. One that runs horses, or keeps horses 
 for the race. 
 
 2. A dealer in horses. 
 
 A servant to a horsecourser was thrown off his 
 horse. Wiseman. 
 
 A Florentine bought a h^irse for so many crowns, 
 upon condition to pay half down : the horsecourser 
 comes to him next morning for the remainder. 
 
 L'EftTttnge. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I] () R 
 
 Ho'rsecrab. n. s, A kind of fish. 
 
 Ai/mworth. 
 HoRSECUCUMBER. 71. s. [horse and cu- 
 cumber.] A plant. 
 
 The horsecuciimber is the large green cucumber, 
 and the best for the table, green out of the garden. 
 
 Mortimey; 
 
 Ho'rsedung. w. s. [horse and dung.] 
 The excrements of horses. 
 Put it into an ox's horn, and, covered close, let 
 
 it rot in hot horsednn^. Peacham on Dravin^. 
 
 IIorse'emmet. n,s. [horse and emittct,] 
 
 Ant of a large kind. 
 no'RSEFLESH. 71. s. [hcTse and flesh.'] 
 The flesh of horses. 
 
 The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day, and some 
 
 gluttons have colt's flesh baked. Bacon. 
 
 An old hungry lion w ould fain have been dealing 
 
 with a good niece of hor$€/iesh ; but the nag he 
 
 thought would be too fleet for him. L'Kstran^e. 
 
 Ho'rsefly. w.s. [horse andfli/.] A fly 
 
 that stings horses, and sucks iheir blood. 
 HOKSEFOOT. 7i.s. An herb. The same 
 
 with coltsfoot. Ainsivorth 
 
 Horsehair, n.s. [horse and hair.] The 
 
 hair of horses. 
 His glitt'ring helm, which terribly was grac'd 
 
 M ilh wiiving horsehair. Drtjden. 
 
 HoRSEHEEL. 71. s. An herb. Auisw. 
 Ho'RSELAtGH. 71. s. [horsc and laugh.] 
 A loud violent rude laugh. 
 
 A hor^elau'^h, if you please, at honesty ; 
 A joke on Jekyl. Pope. 
 
 Horseleech, n.s. [horse and leech.] 
 
 1. A great leech that bites horses. 
 
 The horseleech halh two daughters, crying Give, 
 give. Pi-ov. 
 
 Let us to France ; like horseleecheSp my boys. 
 The very blood to suck. Shakesp. 
 
 2. [From letch; signifying a physician.] 
 A farrier. Ainsivorth. 
 
 Ho'rselitter. n.s. [horse and litter.] 
 A carriage Imng upon poles between 
 two hor.ses, in which the person carried 
 lyes along. 
 
 He ihat before tliought he might command the 
 waves of the sea, was now cast on the ground and 
 carried in an horsclitter. 2 Mac, ix. 8. 
 
 Ho'rseman. 71. s. [horse and man.] 
 1' One skilled in riding. 
 
 A skilful horseman, and a huntsman bred. Drud. 
 '2. One that serves in wars on horseback. 
 Encounters between horsemen on the one side, 
 and foot on the otlier, are seldom with e.vlrtuiity 
 of danger; because as horsemen can hardly break 
 a battle o:i foot, so men ou foot cannot nosslbly 
 chase horsemen. Haynard. 
 
 In the early times of the Roman cuinaiun- 
 wealth, a horseman received yearly tria milia teris, 
 and a foot-soldier one mille ; that is more than six- 
 pence a day to a horseman, and twu-pence a day 
 to a foot-soldier. Arhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 3. A rider ; a man on horseback. 
 With descending show'rs of brimstone fir'd, 
 
 The wild Barbarian in the storm expir'd ; 
 Wrapt in devouring flames the horsemati rag'd. 
 And spurr'd the steed in equal flames engag d. 
 
 Addis. 
 A horseman^s coat shall hide 
 Thy taper shape, and comeliness of side. Prior. 
 
 Horsemanship, n.s. [from horsttnan.] 
 The art of riding ; the art of managing 
 a horse. 
 
 He vaulted with such ease into his seat, 
 As if an angel dropt down from the clouds 
 To turn andwind a fiery Pegasus, 
 And w itch the world with noble horsemanship.Shak. 
 
 Tiiey please themselves in terms of humiiig or 
 horsemanship, ]\'otton. 
 
 H O R 
 
 His majesty, to shew his horumamhip, slaugliter- 
 ed two or three of bis subjects. AJdiunt. 
 
 Peers grew proud, in horsemanship l' excel ; 
 Newmarket's glory rose, as Britain s fell. Fopt. 
 HoRSEMAKTEN. n. s. A kinfl of large 
 bee. Ainsworth. 
 
 Ho'rsematch. n. *. .•X bird. Aius. 
 
 Ho'rsemeat. n. ». [horse and meat.] Pro- 
 vender. 
 
 Though green peas and beans be eaten sooner, 
 yet the dry ones that are used for honemeat are 
 ri['C last. Bacon. 
 
 Ho'rsemint. n. s. A large coarse'inint. 
 Ho'rsemuscle. n. s. A large muscle. 
 
 the great horsemuscle, with the fine shell, that 
 hreedeth in ponds, do not onl v gape and sliut as 
 the oysters do, bufremove from one place to ano- 
 ther. Bacon. 
 
 Ho'rseplay. n. s. [horse and play.] 
 Coarse, rough, rugged play. 
 
 He is too much given to horseplay io liis raillery, 
 and conies to battle like a dictator from theplougn. 
 
 HoRSEPOND. n. s. [horse and pond.] A 
 
 |3ond for horses. 
 Horsera'ce. n. s. [horse and race.] A 
 match of horses in running. 
 
 In horseraces men are curious that there te not 
 
 the least weight upon the one horse more than 
 
 upon the other. Bacxm. 
 
 Trajan, in the fifth year of his tribuneship, en- 
 
 terlaiiied the pcuple \%itli a horserace. .-iadiion. 
 
 Horseradish, n.s. [horse and radish.] 
 A root acrid and biting : a species ot 
 scurvygrass. 
 
 Horseradish is increased by sprouts spreading 
 
 from the old roots left in the ground, that are cut 
 
 or broken otf. Mortimer. 
 
 Stoiuachicks are thecresseacrids, ahorseradiih 
 
 and scurvy-grass, infused in wine. 
 
 Floijer on the Hum. 
 [lo'RSESHOE. n. s. [horse and shoe.] 
 
 1. A plate of iron nailed to the feet of 
 horses. 
 
 I was thrown into the Thames, and coolM glow- 
 ing hot in that surge, like a horseshoe. Shakesp. 
 
 2. An herb. 
 
 Horseste'aler. n. s. [horse and steal.] 
 A thief who takes awaj- horses. 
 
 He is not a pickpurse, nor a horsestealer ; but for 
 his verity in love, 1 do think him as concave as a 
 covered 'goblet, or a worm-eaten nut. 
 
 Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Horsetail, n. s. A plant. 
 
 Ho'rsetongue. n. s. An herb. 
 
 Ho'rseway. n.s. [horse and icay.] A 
 broad way by which horses may travel. 
 
 Know'st thou the wav to Dover? 
 ■^Both stile and gate, "horseway and foi^tpath. 
 
 Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Horta'tion. n.s. [liorlatio, Lat.] The 
 act of exhorting ; a hortator)' precept ; 
 advice or encouragement to something. 
 
 Hortative, n.s. [h-om horlor, Lat.] 
 Exhortation ; precept by which one in- 
 cites or animates. 
 
 Generals commonly in their hortatives put men 
 in inind of their wives and children. B-jcosj. 
 
 no'RT.iTORY. adj. [from horfor, Lat.] 
 Encouraging ; animating ; advising to 
 any thing ; used of precepts, not of per- 
 sons ; a hortatory speech, not a horta- 
 tory speaker. 
 
 HoRTicu LTi'RE. n. s [hortus and cultu- 
 ra, Lat.] The art of cultivating gardens. 
 
 HoRTULAN. adj. [hcrlulaniis, Lat.] Be- 
 longing to u garden. 
 
 t) A 913
 
 H O S 
 
 This sevfiith edition of my hortulan kalendar is 
 yours. Evcttin. 
 
 Hosa'nna. n. s. [ocravfa.] An exclama- 
 tion of praise to God. 
 
 Jliruiigh tilt* vast of Iieav'n 
 It soimded, aiui the faithful armies rung 
 Ha^ftnna to tiie Hiiiliest. Milton. 
 
 The juitjlic enlnmce which Christ made into 
 Jerusaif 111 was cclt-hiated with the hmannas and 
 acciaiudtions of tlie people. Fides. 
 
 HOSK. n. s, plur. hose?i. [jjoj^a, Sax. ho- 
 snn, Welsh ; ossafiy Erse ; ossanen, plur. 
 chau^sej Fr.] 
 
 1. Breeches. 
 
 Gviards on wanton Cupid's hose. Shahesp. 
 
 Here's an English taylor come hither for .steal- 
 ing out of a French hose. Shakcsp. 
 
 I'he^e men were bound in their coats, hosen, 
 
 . hafs, and other sarnients, and cast inio the midst 
 
 of tlie burning iitry furnace. Dan. iii. 21. 
 
 He cro--s examiu'd hotii our liose, 
 And pUmder'd all we had to lose. Hudibras. 
 
 2. Stockings ; covering for the logs. 
 
 He being in love, could not see to garter iiis hoac ; 
 
 and you, being in love, cannot see to put on your 
 
 hose. Shakesp. 
 
 Will she thy linen wash, or hoserj darn, 
 
 And knit thee gloves? Gay's I'astorals. 
 
 Ho'siER. w. s. [froia hose.] One who 
 sells stockings. 
 As arrant a cockney as any hosici' in Chcapside. 
 
 HO'SPITABLE. adj, [hospifabilis, Lat.] 
 Giving entertainment to strangers ; kind 
 to strangers. 
 
 I'm your h'.st : 
 With robbers'" hand my hospitable favour 
 You should not ruttii' thus. Shahesp. 
 
 Receive the ship-wreck'd on your friendly i^hore ; 
 With hospitable rites relieve the poor. Drifden. 
 
 Pio'spiTABLY. adv. [from hospitable.] 
 
 'With kindness to strangers. 
 
 Ye thus hospital'lp live, 
 And strangers with good cheer receive. Prior. 
 
 The former livetii as piously and hospitably as 
 the other. Stc'ifi. 
 
 HO'SPITAL. ?i. s, [hospital, Ti\ hospita- 
 lism Lat.] 
 
 1. A place built for the reception of the 
 sick, or support of the poor. 
 
 Tticy who were so careful to bestow them in a 
 
 collegL* when they were young, would be so good 
 
 . as tu provide fur them in some hoipilal whi^n they 
 
 are old. Wotton. 
 
 I am about to build an hospital, uhich I will 
 
 endow handsomely fur twelve old husbandmen. 
 
 AdJhon. 
 
 2. A place for shelter or entertainment. 
 
 Obsolete. 
 
 They spy'd a goodly castle, plac'd 
 Foreby a river in a pleasant dale, 
 Wliicii cluising fur that evening's hospital, 
 They thitlier murch'd. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Hospita'lity. w. s. [/lospitallfcy Fr.] 
 The practice of entertaining strangers. 
 
 The Lacedemonians ft;rbidding all access of 
 strangf-rs into their coasts, are, in that respect, de- 
 servedly bl.iined, as being enemies to ihul hospita- 
 iity which, fur Common humanity's sake, all ihc 
 nations o i the earth should embrace. Uookfr. 
 
 My master is of a churlish dispusition, 
 And lilllu recks to iind the way to heav'n 
 By doing deeds vi hospitalitp. 
 
 Shahesp. As you like it. 
 
 How liHS this sijiril of faction broke all the laws 
 of cliarity, nelglibourhood, alliance, and hosiii- 
 talili]. ^ Su-ijl. 
 
 Ho '•IMTALLER. 71. s. [fiospitalHi}; l*r. 
 hosjnialariusj low Lat. from hospital.] 
 One residing in an hospilal in order to 
 rccinve the poor or stranger. Used per- 
 
 . II o s 
 
 haps peculiarly of the knights of 
 
 Malta. 
 
 The first they reckon such as were granted to 
 the hospitaUfrs m titiilum bcnejicii. ApUffe's Farer. 
 
 To lio'spiTATE. V. a. [liospiior, Lat ] 
 To reside under the roof of another. 
 
 That always chuscs an empty shell, and this 
 
 hospitates with the living animal in the same shell. 
 
 Grew^s Muses urn. 
 
 HOST. 71. s. [hosle, Fr, hospes^ hospitis, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. One who gives entertainment to an- 
 other. 
 
 Homer never entertained either guests or hoUs 
 with long speeches, till the mouth of Imnuer be 
 stopped. Sidneii. 
 
 flere, father, take the shadow of this tree 
 For your good host. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 2. The landlord of an inn. 
 Time's like a fasliionable host, 
 
 That slightly shakes his parting guest by th' hand ; 
 But witii his arms uut-stretch'd, as he would Hy, 
 Grasps in the comer. Shakesp. Troilus and Crcssida. 
 
 li. [From hvsliSf Lat.] An army; num- 
 bers assembled for war. 
 
 Let every soldier hew him down a bough, 
 Anil beai't before him ; tiiereby shall we shadow 
 Ihe numbers of our host. Shahesp. Jilavbcth. 
 
 Tlien ilirougti the fiery pillar, and the cloud, 
 God looking forth, will trouble all his host, 
 And craze your chariot wheels. Milton. 
 
 After tluse came arm'd, with spear and shield, 
 An host so great as cover'd all the field. Dryden. 
 
 4. Any great number. 
 Give to a gracious message 
 
 An host of tongues; but let dl tidings tell 
 Themselves, when rhey be felt. Shahesp. 
 
 5. [Hostia, Lat. hoade, Fr.] The sacri- 
 fice of the mass in the Romish church ; 
 the consecrated waf^r. 
 
 To FIosT. V. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To take up entertainment; to live, as 
 at an inn. 
 
 G«s bear it to the centaur, where we host ; 
 And stay there, Dromio, till X come to thee. Shak. 
 
 2. To encounter in battle. 
 
 Strange to us it seera'd 
 At first, that angel should with angel war, 
 And in fierce hostin^s meet. Milion. 
 
 New authors of dissension spring from him, 
 Two branches, that in liosting long contend 
 For sov'reign sway. J^hilips. 
 
 3. To review a body of men ; to muster. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Lords have Imd the leading of their own fol- 
 
 Iciwers to the general hosdngs. Spenser on Irelatid. 
 
 Ilo'sTAOE. n. s. [csfagc, Fr.] One given 
 
 in pledge for security of performance of 
 
 conditions. 
 
 Your hostages I have, so have you mine ; 
 And we i^halftalk before we fiyht. Shakesp. 
 
 l)o this message honouralny ; 
 And if he stand on hostage for his safety, 
 Bid him demand wliat pledge will please him best. 
 
 SItakcsp. 
 
 He that hath wife and children, hath given 
 hostaf^cs to fortune ; for they are imjjedimenis to 
 grt-at entcrpribes, either of virtue or mischief. Bac. 
 
 lltey who marry give hostages to tlie publick, 
 tliat tliey will not attempt the ruin or distnrb the 
 jieace of it; Aiterbury. 
 
 Tiie llomans having seized a great number of 
 hosiages, acijuuinled ihcm with their resolution. 
 Arhuthnot on Coins. 
 
 Mo'sTEL. 7 n. s. [liostelj hositUric, Fr.] 
 Ho'sTELRY. j An inn. Aiusworth. 
 
 Ho'sTESS. n.s. [hos/e.sse, Fr. i\o\n hast.] 
 1 . A female host ; a woman that gives en- 
 tertainment. 
 
 Fair and noble hostess, 
 We are your guest to-niglit. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 H O T 
 
 Ye were beaten out of door, 
 And rail'd upon the hostess of llie house. Shakesp. 
 be as kind an bostessa^yi.u have been to me, and 
 you can never fail of another husband. Dryden, 
 2. A woman that keeps a house of pub- 
 lick entertainment. 
 
 Undislinguish'd civility is like a wliore or a 
 hostess. Temple. 
 
 Ho'sTESS-SHiP. w. s. \^vom hostess.] The 
 character of an hostess. 
 
 It is my father's will 1 should take on nie 
 The /to.s(es5-s///^Ju'th'day : you're welcome, sirs. iVm. 
 
 HO'STILE. adj. [hostilis, Lat.] Adverse; 
 opposite ; suitable to an enemy. 
 
 He has now at last 
 Giv'n hostile strokes, andthat not in the presence 
 Of dreaded justice, but on the ministers 
 That do disiiibute it. Shakesp. 
 
 Fierce Jinio's hate, 
 Added to hostile force, shall urge thy fate. Dryden. 
 
 lioSTl'LiTY. 7i.s. [hosii/ilc, Fr. from //oi- 
 iilf.] The practices of an open enemy; 
 open war; opposition in war. 
 
 Nfither by treas(ui nor hosiHily 
 To Mck to put me down, and reign thyself. Shah. 
 
 //as/i/i£_i/ being thussuspeiided with France, pre- 
 paration was made fur war against ScwtUiid. Huyie. 
 
 What peace can we return, 
 But, to our pow'r, hostiiitii and hate, 
 Untaiu'd reluctance and revenge? Milton. 
 
 We have shew'd ourselves fair, nay, generous 
 adversaries ; and have carried on even our /nyli//(i« 
 with humanity. Aiteriniry. 
 
 Ho'sTLER. 71. s. [hosfclhr, from hosltl.] 
 One who has the care of horses at an 
 inn. 
 
 I'he cause why they are now to he permitted is 
 want of convenient inns for lo'lglng travellers on 
 iiorseback, and hostlers to tend llieir horses by the 
 way. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 HO'STRY. n.s. [corrupted from hostilri/.] 
 A place where the horses of guests are 
 kept. 
 
 Swift rivers are with sudden ice constrain'd. 
 And studded wheels are on its hack susluin'd ; 
 An/iiw(rynow for waggons, which before 
 Tall ships of b urden on its bosom bore. 
 
 Vryd. Georg. 
 
 HOT. adj. [■pcczy Sax. hat, Scott.'] 
 
 1. Having the power to excite the sense 
 of heat ; contrary to cold ; fiery. 
 
 What is thy name ? 
 — Thuu'lt be afraid to hear it. 
 — \o, though thou call'st thyself a hotter name 
 Than an^' is in hell. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The great breezes which the moli(m of the air in 
 great cncles, such as are under the girdle of the 
 world, produceth, do refrigerate ; and tlierefore, 
 in those parts, noon is nothing so hot as about nine 
 in the forenoon. Bacon, 
 
 Hot and cold were in one body fixt ; 
 And soft with hard, and light with heavy luixt. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Black substances do soonest of all otiiers be- 
 come hot in the sun's light, and burn ; which effect 
 may proceed partly from the nmltitude of refrac- 
 tions in a little room, and partly from easy com- 
 motion of so very small corpuscles. Newton. 
 
 2. Lustful ; lewd. 
 
 What hotter hours, 
 Unregister'd in vulgar fame, you have 
 Luxuriously [>ick'd out. Shakesjt. 
 
 Now the hot blooded gods assist me ! remember, 
 Jove, thou wast a bull lor thy Europa. Shahesp. 
 'S. Violent ; furious ; dangerous. 
 
 That of Carthagena, where the Spaniards had 
 warning of our coming, was one of the hottest ser- 
 vices, and most dangerous assaults that hath been 
 known.. _ ^ Bacon. 
 
 lie resolved to storm; but his soldiers declined 
 that hot service, and plied it with artillery. Clarend. 
 
 To court the cry directs us, when we found 
 Th' assault so hot, as if 'twere only there. Denham. 
 
 914
 
 II O T 
 
 Our army 
 Is now in/rot ciipai:eiufiitwitli the Moors. Dryden. 
 
 4. Ardent; vehement; precipitate. 
 Ctinic, ciHJic, loril ]\1' rtiiiKT, _\»ai Jtre as slow, 
 
 As hot iurd Pt-rcv is on lire to ^o. Shahesp. 
 
 Nature to youlli hot lasliiicbs dulh disj)eiise, 
 But will) cukl prudfiice a^c dulli recompense. 
 
 Dcnh. 
 AcliilU?s is iiiij alifnt, hot, revengeful; .(^ncas, 
 Datieiit, considerate, and careful of Ins people. 
 
 Dryd 
 
 5. Eager ; keen in desire. 
 
 It isno\V(ii;der lliai men, either perplexed in the 
 liecessrny Hlfi«irs<if hfe, orhotui ihe pursuit of jtlea- 
 surcb, sliuui*! not »eiiuu^ly examine their tenets. 
 
 Locke, 
 
 She has, quoth Ralph, a jointure, 
 Which niiike-> hiu) have so hotn mind t' her. Hudib, 
 
 6. It is applied Iike\vii;e to the desire, or 
 sense rais^ing the desire, or action ex- 
 cited ; as, a //^^ pursuit. 
 
 Nor hivv, niir chec'.s of conscience will \vc hear, 
 When in hoi scent of g,iin and full career. Druden. 
 
 7. Piquant; acrid: as, //o/ as mustard. 
 Ho'tbed. 71. s. A bed of earth made hot 
 
 by the fermentation of dung. 
 
 Tlie hed we call a hotbed is this : there was taken 
 horsedung, old and well rotted ; this was laid upon 
 abank IiLilf a foot higli, and supported round about 
 with planks, and upon the top was cast sifted 
 earili two fingers deep. Blicoh. 
 
 Preserve the hotbed as much as possible from 
 rain. Kitlyn. 
 
 HoTBRA'lNED.tf^'. [hot and hraiti.] Vio- 
 lent ; vehement ; furious. Cercbrosus, 
 
 You *.iiuli tind Vm either hotbrain d voulh, 
 Or needy bankrupts. Diyden's Spanish I'rifar. 
 
 HoTco'cKLES. 71. s. [JunUcs coqiullcSy Fr.] 
 A play in which one covers his eyes, 
 and guesses who strikes him. 
 
 The ch vtindra is certainly not our hotcockles ; 
 for that was by pinching, not by striking. 
 
 Arbtithiiot and Pope, 
 As at hotcockles once I laid me down, 
 And felt the weighty hand of many a clown, 
 Buxomagave a gentle tap, and I 
 Quick rose, and read soft miichiefinhercye. Gay. 
 Hothea'ded. adj, [hot and head.] Ve- 
 hement; violent ; passionate. 
 
 One would not make the same person zealous 
 for a standing army and publick iiherty ; nor a 
 hothcadedf crackbrained coxcomb forward for a 
 scheme of moderation. Arbuthiwt. 
 
 Ho'thouse. n.s. [hot and house.] 
 
 1, A bagnio ; a place to sweat and cup in. 
 
 Now she professes ;i hothonsc, which is a very 
 in house too. Shukcsp. MeasureJ'or Measure. 
 
 2. A hrothel. 
 
 \^ here hifely harbour'd many a famous whore, 
 A Purjjing bill, now fix'd upon the door. 
 Tells \ou it is a hothouse ; so it may, 
 And btiU be a whorehouse : tb' aie synonyma. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 Ho'tly. adi\ [from hot.] 
 
 1. ^^ ith heat; not coldly. 
 
 2. Violently; vehemently. 
 
 The >l;ig was in tlie end so hotlij pursued, that 
 he was driven to ma!.e courage of despair. Sidney. 
 
 1 do contest 
 As kolly .ind as nobly with thy love. 
 As ever inandnlicnis strength I did 
 Contend aguii.st ihy valour. Shake^p. Coriolanus. 
 
 llie entdiiy, now at hand, begun m>//t/ lo skir- 
 mish in divers places with the Ciirisli.in's. 
 
 h'noUes's Hiftoru- 
 
 Though this cojUroversy be revived, and hoili/ 
 agitated', Iduubt whether'it be not a nominal dis- 
 pulL-. Boy:e. 
 
 a. Lustfully. 
 
 Voracious birds, that hotly bill and breed. 
 And largely drink, because on salt they k'vi\. Dry. 
 
 Hotmou'thed adj, [hot and mouth.] 
 Heiidstronff: unijoverniible. ' 
 
 I] () V 
 
 I fear my people's failli. 
 That hctmoulli'U bt-ast that lu-ars against the curli, 
 Hard to lie l.lukcil. Drudtn'i Siuiuisli l-'iiur. 
 
 HOTNESS. 72.*. [from /(o/.] Heat; vio- 
 lence ; Airy. 
 FIoTCHPOT. }n.s. [hache en porhe, 
 Hotchpotch. S Fr. ov har/ic en pot, 
 Fr. as Camden lias it, as being boiled 
 up in a pot; yet the former comi|)tioii 
 i.-. now generally used.] A mingled 
 hash ; a mixture; a confuted mass. 
 
 Such patching niakcth Littleton's hotchpot of 
 our tongue, and, in eti'cct, brings the same ratlier 
 to a liabellisb confusion tlian any one entire lan- 
 guage. _ Camdtn's liemttins. 
 
 A mixture of many disagrcein}; cohiiirs is ever 
 unpleasant to the eye, and a mixture or hotchpotch 
 of many tastes is unpleasant to the taste Hacoii. 
 
 Nor limbs, nor bones, nor carcass would remain ; 
 But a mash'd heap, a Aotr/iyj.Kc/i of the slain. Dryd. 
 
 Ho'tspur. n.s. \hof and spur.] 
 
 1. A man violent, passionate, precipitate, 
 and headj\ 
 
 My nephew's trespass mav be well forizot ; 
 It hath the excuse of youth and hcai of blood, 
 A liHrcbrain'd /luts/Jiir 'govern'd by a spleen. Hhal. 
 
 W'ars are begun hy hairbraine'd dissnlute cap- 
 tains, parasitical fawners, unquiet hotipiiis, and 
 restless innovators. Burton. 
 
 2. A kind of pea of speedy growth. 
 
 Of such peas as are planted or sown in gardens, 
 the hotspur is the speediest of any in groHili. .llor. 
 HOTSPCRRED. adj. [from fiolsjjur.] Ve- 
 hement ; rash ; heady. 
 
 To draw Mars like a young Ilippolytus, with 
 an etfeuiinate countenance, or \ eims like that 
 hotsjiurrcd Harpalice in Virgil, this proceedeth 
 from a seTiseless judgment. i*cuchum. 
 
 Hove. The preterite oi heave. 
 
 Ho'viiL. n.s. [Uiminutiveofbope house, 
 
 Sa.x.] 
 
 I . A shed open on the sides, and covered 
 overhead. 
 
 So likewise a hovel will serve for a voome. 
 To slacke on the pease, when harvest shall come. 
 
 Ti/.vscr. 
 If you make a hoed, thatched, over some quan- 
 tity of ground, plank the ground over, ajid it will 
 breed saltpetre. Bacon. 
 
 \ our hay it is mow'd, your corn it is reap'd. 
 Your barns will be full, and your Wc/s licap'd. 
 
 llri/clen. 
 2. A mean liabitatioii ; a cottage. 
 
 'I'he men clamber up the acclivities, dragging 
 their kine with ihcni, where they feed them and 
 milk them, and do nil the daiiy-work in such 
 sorry hovek and sheds as they bu'ihl to inliabit in 
 during the summer. 'Eui/ on the Creution 
 
 To Ho'VKL. v.a. [from the noun.] 'I'o 
 shelter in an hovel. 
 
 And nas't thou fain, poor father, 
 To hoe:l thee with swine and roL-ui-s forlorn. 
 In short and musty straw .^ Shuhcsp. Kiu" J.ear. 
 Ho'VEN. part. pasi. [from heave.] Raised; 
 swelled ; tumefied. 
 
 Tom Pi;;er liaih hoern and putTed up checks ; 
 If cheese be so lioven, make Cisse to seek creeks. 
 
 Tusscr. 
 
 To Ho'VER.- v.n. [/iovio to hang over, 
 
 Welsh.] 
 1. To hang in the air over head, without 
 flying off one xvay or other. 
 
 Some fiery devil hoccrs in the sky, 
 And ]iours riywii mischief. Shakap. h'hg John. 
 
 Ah, my poor princes! ah, my tender babesl 
 If \ct your gentle souls fly in llie air, 
 And be not ti\'d in doom perjietual, 
 i/t'i'fr about me with vtair airy wings, 
 And hearyour mother's lameiil.ilion. Shah. I{. III. 
 
 A hoeerint( mist came swinnnihg o'er bis sight, 
 Ajid scald liiscyes in everlasting iiiglit. Dri/den. 
 
 II () u 
 
 Great fliolils of birds arc hovering about the 
 bridL'e, anil seltlin'; upon it. Addison. 
 
 'Till as the earthly part dec;iys and f/ills, 
 'I'he captive breaks" her prison's nic.uld'ring walls; 
 Winer.! a-wbile uiion the sad remains, 
 V\ Inch now the pile, or sepulchre, contains, 
 And thence with liberty unbounded Hies, 
 Impatient to regain ler native skie-. Prior. 
 
 aome less relinil, beneath llic moon's paleliglil, 
 //oiifr, and catch the shouting star- l.\ night, f^ic. 
 
 2. To st;ind in suspense or expectation. 
 The lanillord will no luiifer cov.- ant with him ; 
 
 for that lie dailj looketb after clianiie and alleri.- 
 tion, and hocerelh in expiciation of new worlds. 
 Hpnv^r on trcland. 
 
 3. To wander about one place. 
 
 We see so warlike a prince at Ihe head of so 
 great an army, /loien/igoii the borders of our coii- 
 ftderates. 4ddium. 
 
 ihe truth and certainty is seen, and the mind 
 fully possesses itself of it; in the o. her, it only 
 hoverA ab ut it. LoclJr. 
 
 Hough. ». s. [Jjog, Sax.] 
 
 1. The lower jKirt of the thigh. 
 
 Blood shall be fro:ii the swoid nnto the belly, 
 and dung of men uuto the camel's /miii'A. 
 
 '-' £,/. xiii .Tfi. 
 
 2. f//«e, Fr.] An adz; an hoe. .See Hoe. 
 
 Did they really believe thai a man. by *ouo/isa.,d 
 an ase, could cut a god out of a tree r"iii.7mv fi(ct. 
 To Hough, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To hamslring ; to disable by cutting 
 the sinews of the ham. 
 
 Thou shalt hough their horses. Josh. ii. 6. 
 
 2. To cut up with an hotigh or hoe. 
 
 3. To hawk. 'J his orthography is un- 
 common. See To Hawk. 
 
 Neither could we hough or spit from us ; much 
 less could we sneeze or cough. Grew. 
 
 Ho'uLET. n. s. The vulgar name for ari 
 owl. The Scots and northern counties 
 still retain it. 
 Hoult. 11. s. [folr, Sax.] A small wood. 
 Obsolete. 
 
 Or as the wind, in honlts and shady greaves, 
 A murmur makes among the boughs and leaves. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 
 HOUND, n. s. [Jjunb, Sax. hund, Scott.] 
 A dog used in the chase. 
 
 Hounds and greyhounds, mungrels, spaniels, cars. 
 Are cicped all by the name of doss, iliak. Macb. 
 _ Jason threw, but fail'd to wound 
 Tiie boar, and slew an undeserving hound. 
 And through the dog the dart was nail'd to 
 ground. Dryden 
 
 Ihe kind spaniel and the faithful hound, 
 Likest that fix in shape and species found. 
 Pursues the noted path and covets home. Prior. 
 I'o Hound, i'. a. [from the noun.] 
 I. 'i'o set on the chase. 
 
 God is said to harden the heart permissively, but 
 not operatively nor eticctivdy ; as he who' only 
 lets loose a, greyhound out of the slip, is said to 
 hound him at the hare. BramhaU. 
 
 •2. To hunt ; to pursue. 
 
 If the wolves had been liounded by tveers, they 
 sliould have worried them. JL''ijir(iiioc 
 
 Ho'uN'DFiSH. «.s. -V kind of fi-ih. Mus- 
 
 Ainsivorth. 
 
 n. s, [eynogfo.isum, 
 
 Millrr. 
 
 A kind of tree. Cor- 
 
 Ainsivorlh. 
 
 tela leevis. 
 HOUNDSTONGUE. 
 
 Lat.] A plant. 
 flo'uNDTREE. n.s. 
 
 tins. 
 
 Houp. H. s. [uptipa, Lat.] The puet. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 HOUR. n. s. [hetire, Fr. hora, Lat.] 
 1. 'Ihe twenty-fourth part of a natural 
 day ; the space of sixty minutes. 
 
 See the minutes how they run : 
 How many makes the hour full coioplcal, 
 
 OlS
 
 II o u 
 
 How many hnurs hriiis; abuut tlie day. 
 
 How maiiv davs will finish up the jear. 
 
 How many years a mortal man may live. Shakesp. 
 
 2. A particular time. 
 
 Vexation almost stops my breath, 
 That suuder'd friends greet in the hour of death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 When we can intreat an hour to serve. 
 We'll spend it in some words upon that business. 
 If you would iirant the time. iiliakesp. ilacheth. 
 
 The conscious wretch roust all his arts reveal, 
 From the first moment of his vital breath, 
 To his last /luiii- of unrepenting death. Di-u(/fii's.^n. 
 
 3. The time as marked by the clock. 
 
 The hour rujis through the roughest day. Shnk. 
 
 Our ncii;hbour let her floor to a genteel man, 
 who kept go. id hours. TtuUr. 
 
 'I'hey are as lond any hour of the morniiie, as 
 our uwn countrymen at midnight. Addison. 
 
 Ho'URGLASS."«.«. [hmtr and glass.] 
 
 1. A glass filled with sand, -which, run- 
 ning through a narrow hole, marks the 
 
 time. 
 
 Next morning, known to be a morning belter 
 by the hourglass than the day's clearness. Siilnep. 
 
 In sickness, the time will seem longer witliout 
 a clock or hourglass than with it ; for the mind 
 doth value ercry moment. Bucnn. 
 
 Shake not his hourglass, when his hasty sand 
 Is ebbing to the last. Vryden's Spanish Fryar. 
 
 2. Space of time. A manner of speaking 
 rather affected than elegant. 
 
 We, within the hourglass of two months, have 
 won one town, and overthrown great forces in 
 the field. Bacou. 
 
 Hourly, adj. [from hour.] Happening 
 or done every hour; frequent; often 
 repeated. 
 
 Alcyone 
 Computes how maiiy nights he had been gone. 
 Observes the waining moon with hourlp view. 
 Numbers her age, and wishes for a new. Dryden, 
 We must liv'e in hourly expectation of having 
 those troops recalled, which they now leave with 
 us. *"'[/' 
 
 Hourly, adv. [hom hour.] Every hour; 
 frequently. 
 
 She deserves a lord, 
 Tiiat twenty such rude boys might tend upon, 
 And hourlii call her mistress. Shakesp. 
 
 Our estate may not endure 
 Hazard so near us, as doth hourly grow 
 Out of his lunacies. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 They with ceaseless cry 
 Surround me, as thou saw'st ; /louHu conceiv'd. 
 And hourly born, with sorrow infinite 
 To me ! Hilton's I'aradise hvt. 
 
 Great was their strife, which hourly was renew'd. 
 Till each with mortal hate his rival vicw'd. Dryd. 
 
 HouRPLATE. 71. s. [hour and plate.] The 
 dial; the plate on which the hours 
 pointed by the hand of a clock are in- 
 scribed. 
 
 If eyes could not view the hand, and the cha- 
 racters of the hourjilate, and thereby at a distance 
 see what o'clock it was, their owner could not be 
 much benefited by that acuteness. Locke. 
 
 HOUSE, n.s. [\ay. Sax. huys, Diit. Ajisr, 
 Scott.] 
 
 1. A place wherein a man lives; a place 
 of human abode. 
 
 Sparrows must not build in his )ii)?iseeaves.S/w/i. 
 
 Houses are built to live in, not to look on ; 
 therefore let use be preferred before uniformity, 
 except where both may be had. Bacon. 
 
 In a house the doors are moveable, and the rooms 
 square ; yet the house is neither moveable^ nor 
 square. ii atts. 
 
 2. Any place of abode. 
 
 The bees with smoke, the doves with noisome 
 stench. 
 Are from their hives and houses driven away. Shak. 
 
 3. Place in which religious or studious 
 
 II o u 
 
 persons live in common ; monastery ; 
 college. 
 
 Theodosius arrived at a religious house in the 
 city, where now Consiioitia resided. Addisim. 
 
 4. The manner of living; the table. 
 He kept a ndserahle house, but the blame was I 
 
 laid whuliv upon madam. Suijt. 
 
 5. Station of a planet in the heavens,' 
 astroloaically considei-ed. 
 
 Pure S|.iritual suhslaiiccs we cainiot converse 
 
 with, therefore have need of Uie.ms of cm uin- 
 
 cation, which son.e make to be thectlesiial houses: 
 those who are for the celestial houses worship the 
 planets, as the habitations of intellectual sub- 
 stances that animate them. Stilliugjieet^ 
 
 G. Family of ancestors ; descendants, and 
 kindred race. 
 
 The red rose and the white are on his face, 
 The fatal coluurs of our striving; houses Shakes}i. 
 
 An ignominious ransom and free pardon 
 Are of 'two houses : lawful mercy sure 
 Is nolhing kin to foul redemption. Shakesp. 
 
 By deUaving niv last fine, upon your grace s ac- 
 cession to" the patrimonies of your house. I may 
 seem to have made a forfeiture. Dryden. 
 
 A poet is not burn in tv'ry race ; 
 Two of a house few ages can all'ord. 
 One to perform, another to record. JJrydens tah. 
 7. A body of the parliament ; the lords or 
 commons collectively considered. 
 
 Nor were the crimes objected a|ainst him so 
 clear, as to give convincing satisfaction to the 
 major part of both houses, especially that of the 
 lofds. J^'"S Charles. 
 
 To House, i-. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To harbour; to admit to residence. 
 
 Palladius wished him to house all the Ilelots.Sirf. 
 
 Upon the North-sea a valley houseth a gentle- 
 man, who hath worn out his former name. Larew. 
 
 Slander lives upon succession. 
 For ever /loused where it gets possession. 5/m/;. 
 
 Mere cottagers are but/iouscd beggars. Bacon. 
 
 Oh, can your counsel his despairdefer. 
 Who now is /loused in his sepulchre ? Sandys. 
 
 We find them housing themselves m dens. South. 
 
 In c\pectation of such times as these, 
 A chapel housd 'em, truly call'd of ease. Dryden. 
 
 2. To shelter; to keep under a roof. 
 As we house not country plants to save them, so 
 
 we may house our own to forward them. Bacon. 
 
 House your choicest carnations, or rather set 
 them unoer a penthouse, to preserve them in ex- 
 tremitv of weather. Ei.e(j/n. 
 
 Wit" in northern climates will not blow. 
 Except, like orange trees, 'tis hous'd from snow. 
 '^ Dryden. 
 
 To House, v. n. 
 
 1 . To take shelter ; to keep abode ; to 
 
 reside. 
 Ne sutferit to douse there half a day. Hubb. Tale. 
 Graze where you will, you shall not hortse with 
 
 Shakesp. 
 ~Suramers three times eight, save one. 
 She had told ; alas ! too soon. 
 After so short time of breath. 
 To house with darkness and w ith death. Mdtm. 
 2. To have an astrological station m the 
 
 heavens. 
 
 In fear of this, observe the starry signs. 
 Where Saturn houses, and where Hermes joins. Dry. 
 
 I, housing in the lion's hateful sign. 
 Bought senates ; and deserting troops are mine 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Housebrea'ker. n.s. [houseanAbreiik.] 
 
 Burglar ; one who makes his way into 
 
 houses to steal. 
 
 All housebreakers and sharpers had thief written 
 in their foreheads. i- Estrange. 
 
 HousEBREA'KiNG.n.s.[/iouseand6>-fflA:.] 
 
 Burglary. 
 
 When he hears of a roeue to be tried for rob 
 bing or housebreaking, he will send the vvhole 
 pap"er to the government. Su-ijt. 
 
 H O IT 
 
 Ho'usEDOG. n.s. [house and dog.] A 
 mastiff kept to guard the house. 
 
 .\ very good housedog, but a dangerous cur to 
 strangers, had a bell about his neck. VEstranee. 
 
 Vou see the goodness of the master even in the 
 old housedog. Addistm. 
 
 Ho'usEHOLD. v.s. [houae and hold.] 
 
 1. A family living together. 
 
 'i'wo households, bulh alike in dignity. 
 In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. 
 From ancient grudge break to new mutiny. Shak. 
 
 A little kinudimi is a great koushold, and a great 
 houshold a little kiiigdo u. Bacons Advice to Vil. 
 
 0( G'd observ'd 
 The one just man alive, by his command. 
 Shall bull ■ a wond'rous ark, as thou beheld'st. 
 To save himself and housliold from amidst 
 A world devote to universal wreck. Milton. 
 
 He has always taken to himself.ainongst the 
 s»jns (if nien, a peculiar homhold of iiis love, which 
 at all times lie has cherished as a father, and go- 
 verned as a II aster : this is the proper houshold of 
 faith ; in the first ages of the world, 'twas some- 
 times literally no more thau a single houshold, or 
 some few families. Spratt. 
 
 Great crimes must be with greater criniej re- 
 paid. 
 And second funerals on the former laid ; 
 Let the whole houshold hi one ruin fall, 
 .^nd may Diana's curse o'erlake us all. Dry. Fab. 
 
 L<;ariiing's little housholrl did embark, 
 With her world's fruitful system in her sacred ark. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 In his own church he keeps a seat, 
 Says srace before and after meat ; 
 And calls, without atfecting airs, 
 His houshold twice a-day to prayers. Swift. 
 
 2. Family life ; domestick management. 
 
 An inventory, thus importing 
 The several parcels" of his plate, his treasure. 
 Rich stuffs, and ornaments of houshold. Shaherp. 
 
 3. It is used in the manner of an adjec- 
 tive, to signify douiestick ; belonging 
 to the family. 
 
 Cornelius called two of his houshold servants. 
 
 AcU, X. 7. 
 For nothing lovelier can be found 
 In woman, than to study /lous/io/d good ; 
 And good works in her husband to promote. Milt. 
 It would be endless to enumerate the oaths 
 amono the men, among the women the neglect of 
 houshold affairs. ■^"-'y'- 
 
 Householder, n. s. [from household.] 
 Master of a family. 
 A certain hausholder planted a vineyard. 
 
 Mat. ixi. 
 
 Ho'useholdstuff. n. s. [household and 
 stuff.] Furniture of an house ; utensils 
 convenient for a family. 
 
 In this war that he maketh, he still flieth from 
 his foe, and lurkelh in the thick woods, waiting 
 for advantages : his cloke is his bed, yea and his 
 housholdstuff. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 A great part of tlie building was consumed, 
 with much costly /lOiis/ioWsIutT. , , , i-™' 
 
 The woman had her jest for her housholdstuff. 
 
 L Kst range, 
 
 Ho'usekeeper. n. s. [house and keep.] 
 
 1. Householder; master of a family. 
 To be said an honest man and a good housekeeper, 
 
 goes as fairly as to say a graceful man aiid^a jrjat 
 scholar. , , ^ v^\ 
 
 If I may credit housekeepers and substantial 
 tradesmen, all sorts of provisions and commodi- 
 ties are risen excessively. Locke. 
 
 2. One who lives in plenty ; one that 
 exercises hospitality. 
 
 The people are apter to applaud /lousejrecpert 
 than houseraisers. " ''"'™' 
 
 3. One who lives much at home. 
 How do you both > You are manifest houUf 
 
 keepers. ,-, ■ , 
 
 What are you sewing there ? Shakesp. CorwlanM. 
 
 916
 
 H O U 
 
 4. A woman servant that has care of a fa- 
 mily, and superintends the oiher maid 
 servants, 
 IMecry folks, who want by chance 
 
 Call the old housekeeper, and get her. 
 
 Sufi. 
 
 To fill a place for want of better. 
 
 5. A housedog. Not in use, 
 
 Distinguish the housekeeper, the hunter. Shahesp. 
 Ho'usEKEEPiNG. a(Ij. [housc and keep.] 
 Doraestick ; useful to a family. 
 
 His house for pleasant prospect, large scope, 
 and other househeepitig commodities, cliallengeth 
 the pre-eminence. Carew. 
 
 Housekeeping, n.5. Hospitality; li- 
 beral and plentiful table. 
 1 hear your grace Iiath sworn out hmuekeeping. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 His table was one of the last that gave us an 
 example of the old housekeeping of an Englisit no- 
 bleman: an abundance reigned, which shewed 
 the master's hospitality. Prior. 
 
 Ho'usEL, w. s. [f u]-l, Sax. from httnsel, 
 Goth, a sacrifice, or hostia, dimin kos- 
 tiola, Lat.] The holy eucharist. 
 
 To Ho'lsel. r. a. [from the noun.] To 
 give or receive the eucharist. Both the 
 noun and verb are obsolete. 
 
 Ho'usELEEK. n, s. \house and leek.'] A 
 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 The acerbs supply their quantity of cruder 
 
 acids; as juices of apples, grapes, the sorrels, 
 
 and houseteek. Flayer. 
 
 Houseless, adj. [from house.'] Want- 
 ing abode ; wanting habitation. 
 
 Poor naked wretches, 
 How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides, 
 Your loop'd and window 'draggedness,defendvour 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 This hungry, houseless, sutTering, dying Jesus, 
 
 fed many thousands with five loaves and two 
 
 fislies. West. 
 
 Ho'usemaid. n.s. [house Sind maid.] A 
 maid employed to keep the house clean, 
 
 Tlie housemaid may put out the candle against 
 the lookiiig-glass. Huiji. 
 
 Ho'usEROOM. n. s, [house and room.] 
 Place in a house. 
 Hou-seroom, that costs him nothing, he bestows ; 
 • Yet still we scribble on, though still we lose. Vryd. 
 
 Ho'usESNAiL. n. f. A kind of snail, 
 Ho'usEWARMiNG. n.s. [house and warm.] 
 A feast of merrymaking upon going into 
 a new house. 
 Ho'usEWiFE. n, s. [house and tPife.] This 
 is now frequently written huswife, or 
 hussy] 
 i. The mistress of a family. 
 
 You will think it unfit for a good housewife to 
 
 stir in or to busy herself about her housewifery. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 I have room enough, but the khid and hearty 
 
 }iousev:ye is dead. Pope to iyuijt. 
 
 2. A female oeconomist. 
 
 Fitting is a mantle fur a bad man, and surely 
 for a bad housewije it is no less convenient ; for 
 some of them, that be wandering women, it is 
 balf a wardrobe. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Let us bit and mock the good houseu'ife. Fortune, 
 from her wheel, that her gifts may henceforth be 
 disposed equally. !>ha}:€Sp. 
 
 Farmers in degree, 
 He a good husband, a good houseuife she. Dryden. 
 
 Early housewives leave the bed, 
 When living embers on the hearth are spread. 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 The fairest among the daughters of Britain shew 
 
 themselves good stateswomen as well as good 
 
 iioutewives. Addison. 
 
 H O W 
 
 3. One skilled in female business. 
 
 He was bred up under the tuition of a tender 
 mother, till she made liim as good an honseu'tje as 
 herself: he could preserve apricucks, and make 
 jellies. Addison. 
 
 Ho'usEwiFERY. adj. [from housewife.] 
 Skilled in the acts becoming a house- 
 wife. 
 
 Ho'usEWiFELY. adv. [from housewife.] 
 With the ceconomy of a careful woman. 
 
 Ho'usEWiFERY. w. s. [from housewife.] 
 
 1. Domestick or female business; manage- 
 ment becoming tlie mistress of a family. 
 
 You will think it unfit for a good housewife to 
 stir in or to busy herself about her housewijerv. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 He ordain'd a lady for his praise, 
 Generally praiseful ; fair and 3'oung, and skill'd 
 in housewiferies. Chapman's Iliads. 
 
 Little butter was exported abroad, and that 
 discredited by the housewifery of the Irish in mak- 
 ing it up. Temple. 
 
 2, Female ceconomy. 
 
 Learn good works for necessary uses; for St. 
 Paul expresses the obligation of Christian women 
 to ^ood housewifery, anfl charitable provisions for 
 their family and neighbourhood. Taylor. 
 
 Ho'l'sing. ;/. s. [from house.] 
 
 1. Quantity of inhabited building. 
 
 London is supplied with people to increase its 
 inhabitants, according to Uie increase of housing. 
 
 Grauut. 
 
 2. [FTom houseauX} heuses^ or houses, Fr.] 
 
 Cloth originally used lo keep off dirt, 
 now added to saddles as ornamental. 
 Ho'usLlNG. adj. [from house.] Provided 
 for entertainment at first enti'ance into 
 a house ; housewarming. 
 
 Ilis own two hands the holy knot did knit, 
 Th^t none l>ut death for ever can divide; 
 
 His ow n two hands, for such a turn most fit, 
 The housling fire did kindle and provide. Fainj Q. 
 
 Houss. n.s. [from houseaujc or houses, Fr.] 
 Covering of cloth originally used to keep 
 off dirt, now added to saddles as orna- 
 mental signs. This word, though used 
 by lyrj/den, I do not remember in any 
 other place. 
 
 Six lions' hides with thongs together fast. 
 
 His upper parts defended to his waist ; 
 
 And where man ended, the contiim'd vest. 
 
 Spread on his back, the houss and trappings of a 
 
 beast. hnjden. 
 
 HO\V. adv. Qju, Sax, hoe, Dut.] 
 
 1, To what degree. 
 
 How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself 
 before me ' "Eiodus. 
 
 How much better is it lo get wisdom than gold r 
 and lo eel understanding, rather to be chosen than 
 silver? Proverbs 
 
 How oft is the candle of the wicked put uutr 
 And how oft Cometh their destruction upon them ? 
 
 Job. 
 
 O how love 1 thy law, it is my meditation. Ps. 
 
 How many children's plahits and mother's cries ! 
 Hmc many woeful widows left to bow 
 To sad disgrace! Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 Coii,sider into how nianv differing substances it 
 may be analysed by the fire. Boyle. 
 
 2. In what manner. 
 
 IVIark'd you not, 
 Hoic that the guilty kindred of the queen 
 Look'd pale, when tlieydid hearofClarence'death? 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Prosecute the means of thy deliverance 
 By ransom, or bow else. Miltons Asonistes. 
 
 We examine the why and the how of thnigs. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 'Tis much in our power how to Uve, but not at 
 
 all when or how to die. UEstrange. 
 
 HOW 
 
 It is pleasant to see how the small territories of 
 this little republick are cultivated to Uie beist ad* 
 vantage. Addison on Itaiif. 
 
 3. For what reason ; from what cause. 
 
 How now, my love ? Why is your check so j>aie * 
 
 Hoic chance the roses there to fade so fa'it ? Shak. 
 
 How is it thou hast found it so quicklyr Gen.xxvij. 
 
 4. By what means. 
 
 !Men would have the colours of birds feathers, 
 if they could tell how; or thev will have pay 
 skins instead of gay clothes. Bacon's Sat. Hist. 
 o. In what state. 
 
 For bote shall I go up to my father ?G«i. xliv. 34, 
 Whence am 1 forca, and whithrr am I born '•: 
 How, and with what reproach shall I return? Urvd. 
 
 6. It is used in a sense marking propor- 
 tion or correspondence. 
 
 Behold, hft put no trust in his servants, hno 
 much less in them that dwell in bouses of clav, 
 whose foundation is in the dust? Job, iv. 19. 
 
 A great division fell among the nobility, «o 
 much the more dangerous by how much the spirits 
 were more active and high. Havward. 
 
 By how much they would diminish the present 
 extent of the sea, su much they would impair tl>c 
 fertility, and fountains and rivers of tlie earth. 
 
 BaaUy, 
 
 7. It is much used in exclamation. 
 
 How are the mighty fallen ! Som. 
 
 How doth the city sit solitary as a widow \lLam. 
 
 8. In an affirmative sense, not easily ex- 
 plained ; that so it is ; that. 
 
 Thick clouds put us in some hope of land, 
 knowing how that part of the Soulh-sea was ut- 
 terly unknown, and might have islands or conti- 
 nents. Bacon. 
 
 HowBEiT. ladv* [how be it,] Neverthe- 
 Ho'WBE. 3 less ; notwithstanding; yet; 
 however. Not now in use. 
 
 Silver thou speak'st like a lend lorrel. 
 Of heaven to deemou so, 
 
 Howbe 1 am but rude and bonel. 
 Yet nearer ways I know. Spenser. 
 
 1 hings so ordained are to be kept, howbtit not 
 necessarily, any longer than 'till there grow some 
 urgent cause to ordain the contrary. Hooker. 
 
 There is a knowledge wliich God haUi always 
 revealed unto them in the works of nature : tfiis 
 they honour and esteem highly as profound wis- 
 dom, howbeit this wisdom saveth them not. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 There was no army transmitted out ofEnpLiud, 
 howbeit the English 'colonies in Ireland did win 
 ground upon the Irish. Davies. 
 
 HoWDYE. [Contracted from how do i/e.] 
 In what state is your health ? A mes- 
 sage of civility. 
 
 I now write no letters but of plain business, or 
 plain howd've's, to those few I am forced to cor- 
 respond with. Pope. 
 
 However, adv. [how and^tcr.] 
 
 1. In whatsoever manner ; in whatsoever 
 degree. 
 
 This ring he holds 
 In most ricii cliuice ; yet in his idle fire. 
 To buy his will, it wuuld not seem too dear, 
 Howeer repented of. Shaketp, 
 
 To liace the ways 
 Of liighest acenis, deeui'd Aouvi>cr wise. Milton. 
 
 2. At ail events ; happen what will ; at 
 least. 
 
 Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may b^, 
 howcier from the greatest eviU ; and lo enjuy, if 
 it may be. all good, houticr ihe chiefest. TiiUitsm, 
 
 3. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet. 
 
 In your excuse your love does little say ; 
 You niii:ht howe'cr have t<»ok a fairer way. Drvden. 
 
 Its vie*vs are bounded on all sides by >everal 
 ranges of mountains, which are hovever at so 
 great a distance, that they leave a wonderful ts- 
 riety of beautiful prospects. AddLvm on Italv. 
 
 I do not build my reasoning wholly on the case 
 of persecution, however I do not exclude it. Attert. 
 
 917
 
 11 O Y 
 
 ir'ew turn their tiioughts to examine Iiow tliose 
 di->fa>fs in a sliile are bifd, tliiit Imstcii its cu;i ; 
 which wDuLl, houcvL-r, be a vci^' usttul eiujiiiry. 
 
 4. To some of these meanings this word 
 may be commonly reduced, but its 
 power is sometimes almost evanescent. 
 
 7h Howl. v. 71. [/n/g/cn, Dut.uiuio,Lat.] 
 
 1. T ' cry as a wolf or dog. 
 
 i\Ielhiiiij;ht a lcL;ii)ii nf fuiil iieiids 
 KiiviriMiM iiu', aiid Juiwitd it) iiiiue esrs 
 Such liHlei)U5 cries, ihut vviiti the very norse 
 I treinhliiii£ witk'd. Sha'c^p. Richard III. 
 
 If ivuives had at ihy gate howCd lliat stern lime, 
 Thtui shuuld'st liave said. Go, jjorter, turn the key. 
 
 Shaktsp 
 
 He round him in a desert land, and in the wasti- 
 kouling wilderu' s5. Ij^ittcr. xxxii. 10. 
 
 As when a S(irt i^f wolves infest the night, 
 With their wild howl'mgs at fair Cynthia s light. 
 
 Wutlcr. 
 
 Hard as Ids native rocks, colt] as his sword. 
 Fierce as the wolves that hoict'd around his birlli ; 
 He hates the tyiaut, and the suppliant scorns. 
 
 iinith. 
 
 2. To utter cries in distress. 
 
 Therefore wiU I howl, and cry out for all Moab. 
 
 Jer. xlviii. 
 Tlie damned use that word in hell, 
 Howtings attend it. Sliakcsj). Ihnneo andJulkt. 
 
 Kach new niurn 
 New widows hotd, new orphans cry, new sorrows 
 Strike Heaven on the face. Sliahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 1 have words 
 That would be howt'd out in tlie desart air, 
 AViiere In arin;^ stiould not calcli lliem. Hhak. Macb. 
 
 The noise grows louder still : 
 Kattling olarniour, trunijtels, drums and alabelles; 
 And sometimes peals of shouts tliat rend the 
 
 lieav'ns, 
 Likevit'ory: then groans again, and hoiclhigs 
 Like tlio-se of vanquish'd men. Dv fid. Span. Fviiar. 
 
 3. To speak with a belluine cry or tone. 
 Peace, monster, peace! G(j tell thy horrid lale 
 
 To savages, and houi it mit in desarls! Phillips. 
 
 4. it is used poetically of many noises 
 loud and horrid. 
 
 liowL. 71. s, [from the verb.] 
 X. The cry of a wolf or dog, 
 
 Murthcr, 
 Alarm'd by Ins sentinel the wolf, 
 Whose /ifiH'/'s his watch. Shakcsp. Macbeth. 
 
 1 liese ami the like rumours are no more than 
 the last holds of a dog dissected alive. Swijt. 
 
 2. The cry of a human being in horrour. 
 She raves, she runs with a distracted pace, 
 And lilis with horrid howls the public place. Dr\fd. 
 
 Howsoe'ver. adv. [Jiow and sotvci\'\ 
 
 1. In what manner soever. See How- 
 ever. 
 
 Berosus, who, after Moses, was one of tlie most 
 ancient, howsoever he hath been since corrupted, 
 doth in the substanceof all agree, llak'i^fhs Hisiory. 
 
 2. Although. 
 
 Tlie man doth fear God, howsoever it seems not 
 in liim. Shakesp. 
 
 To Hox. V. a. [from Jjog, Sax.] 'To 
 hotigh ; to ham-string. 
 Thou art a coward, 
 Which hoxes honesty behind, reslraininf^ 
 From course requiied. Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 Lodruniufi, perceiving the old soldier's meaning, 
 alighted, and witli his sword hoxed his horse, say- 
 ing alouci, This day, valiant soldiers, sh::il you 
 have me both your general and fellow soldier, 
 fighting on foot as one of yourselves. Kwdes. 
 
 Hoy. w.s. [hou, old Fr,] A large boat 
 sometimes with one deck. 
 
 He sent to Germany, strange aid to rear : 
 From whence eftsouns arrived here three hoys 
 Of Saxons, whom he for his s.ifety employs. 
 
 F. Queen. 
 
 To define a barge and hoy, which are betv/cen 
 a boat and a ship, is hard. Watts's Lo^ick. 
 
 H U D 
 
 Hu'bbub, 71. s. [I know not the etymo- 
 logy, unless it be from ifp up, or hob 
 7ioh.] A tumult ; a riot. 
 
 l*eo|)ie pursued the business wih all contempt 
 of the government; and in the hublndt if the /irst 
 day there appeared nubody of name vr leeUoning, 
 but tlie actors were really of tiic dregs of the 
 people. Clarejtd, 
 
 An universal /iu/>/ju5 wild 
 Of stunning sutnuls, and voices all confus'd, 
 Borne through the hollow dark, assaults his ear 
 Willi loudest vehemence. Mition's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Why w.ilvcs raise a hubbub at her, 
 Ant! dogs howl when she shines in water. Hudibras. 
 
 Hu'CKABACK. Ji.s. A kind of linen on 
 which the fiirures aie raisi d. 
 
 Hu'cKLEBACivED. adj. [/iOtkc7\ Germ, a 
 butich, and back.] Crooked in the 
 shoulders. 
 
 flu'cKLEBONE. 71. s. [from huckcTi, Dut. 
 to sit down.] The hipbone. 
 
 Hu'CKSTER. 7w. s. [hock, Germ, a 
 
 Hu'CKSTERER. J pedlar; Aor/i^/cr a she- 
 pedlar. 
 
 1. One who sells goods by retail, or in 
 small quantities ; a pedlar. 
 
 There eaitnot be a more igtio ninious trade than 
 the being htichsters to such vile merchandise. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 God deliver the world from such gul -es, or 
 rather such hucksters of souls, the very shame of 
 relliiion. South. 
 
 Should thy shoe wrencli aside, down, down you 
 fall. 
 And <ivertvirn (lie scolding huckster's stall, 
 The scolding huchtiiy shall not o'er thee moan, 
 But pence expect for nuts and pears o'erthro«n. 
 
 Gail. 
 
 There should be a confederacy of all servants, to 
 
 drive those CWuva hud stcrs from the doors. Swift 
 
 Those /n/c'<s(ere;s or money-jobbers \vill be found 
 
 necessary, if this brass-money is made current. 
 
 Swifl 
 
 2. A trickish mean fellow. 
 
 Now the ape wanted his huckster man. Hub.Tale. 
 
 To Huckster, v.n. [from the noun.] 
 To deal in petty bargains. 
 
 They must pay a shilling, for changing tlu*ir 
 piece into silver, to some hiickiteriug fellow who 
 follows that trade. Swijt. 
 
 To Huddle v. a. [probably from hood.] 
 
 1. To dress up close so as not to be dis- 
 covered ; to mobble. 
 
 2. To put on carelessly in a hurry. 
 
 At twelve she rose with nmch ado ; 
 Her cloaLhs were huddCd on by two. Prior. 
 
 Now all in haste they huddle on 
 Their hoods, thcircloaks, and get them gone. Swift. 
 
 3. To cover up in haste. 
 
 4. To perform in a hurry. 
 
 1 have given much application to this poem, 
 tliis is not a play huddled up in haste, Drijden. 
 
 When continu'd raiu 
 The lab'ring husband in his house restrain, 
 Let him forecast his work with timely care, 
 Which else is huddled when the skies are iair. Dryd. 
 
 5. To throw togetlier in confusion. 
 
 Our adversary, huddimg several suppositions 
 togi"ther, and that in doubtful and general terms, 
 makes a medley and confusion. Locke. 
 
 To Hu'ddle. v. 71, To come in a crowd 
 or hurry. 
 
 Glance an eye of ))ity on his losses, 
 That have of late so huddled on his buck, 
 Enough to press a royal merchant down. Shakesp. 
 
 Brown answered after his blunt and huddling 
 manner. Bacnn. 
 
 Thyrsis, whose artful strains have oft delay 'd 
 The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. 
 And sweeten'd every nuiskrose of the dale. Milton. 
 
 Their eyes are more imperfect than others ; for 
 
 H U F 
 
 they will run against things, and, hwhliivg fur 
 wards, fall from high places. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 Hu'ddle. w.s. [from tlie verb.] Crowd; 
 tumult ; confusion ; witli obscurity. 
 
 That the Aristotelian philosophy is a huddle nt 
 words and terms instgnilicant, has been the cen- 
 sure of the wisest. GlunvUle. 
 
 Your carrying business in a huddle, 
 Has forc'd our rulers to new model. Uudibrat, 
 
 Nature doth nothing in a huddle. VPslrans;e. 
 
 The understanding sees nothing distinctly lu 
 
 things remote, and in a huddle. Locke'. 
 
 Several merry answers were nuide to my question, 
 
 which enlertanied us 'till bed-lime, and liiled my 
 
 mind with a huddle of ideas. Addison. 
 
 Hue, m. s. [J3iepe, Sax.] 
 
 I. Colour ; die. 
 
 For never in that land 
 Face of fair lady she before did view. 
 Or that dread lyon's look her cast in deadly hue. 
 
 Spens. 
 To add another hue nnto the rainbow, 
 Is wasteful and ridiculous excess, ^hak. King John, 
 Flow'rs of all hue, and without thorn the rose. 
 
 Miltm. 
 To whom the angel, with a smile that glow'd 
 Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue, 
 Answer'd. Miilon.'i Paradise Lost. 
 
 Vour's is much of the cauu Hon hue. 
 To change the die with distant view. Dryden. 
 
 2. [HiicCt I'r.] A clamour; a le^al pur- 
 suit ; an alarm given to the country. It 
 is commonly joined with (7'i/. 
 
 Hue Aiid cruy villain, go! As.msI me, knight, I 
 am undone : tly, run, huenndcry! villain, lam 
 undone. Shakesp. 
 
 Immediately comes a hue and cry after a g.mgof 
 thieves, that had taken a purse upon the road. 
 
 L' Kstrange. 
 
 If you sluudd hiss, he swears he'll hiss as hij^i ; 
 And, like a culprit, join the /^/e and cri/. Jddison. 
 
 ihe hue and cry went after Jack, to apprehend 
 him dead or alive, wheicver he c-uld be foimd. 
 Arbuth not' s John Bull. 
 
 Hu'er. v.s. [fiuer, Fr, to cry.] One whose 
 business is to call out to others. 
 
 They lie hovering upon the coast, and are di- 
 rected by a halker or hner, who slandeth on the 
 clirt-side, and from thence discerni'th the course 
 of the pilchard. Carew's Survey. 
 
 HUFF. 71. s. [from hove, or hovtTi, swell- 
 ed: he is hiiff'idi/p hi/ distempti'S. So 
 in some provinces we still say the bread 
 hvffs up, when it be(;ins to hmvc or fer- 
 ment: h^tjj\ therefore, may be ferment. 
 To be in a huff is then to be in a J'tr- 
 mijif, as we now speak.] 
 
 1, Swell or sudden anger or arrogance. 
 Quoth Ilalpho, honour's but a word 
 
 To swear by, oidy in a lord , 
 
 In others it is but a huff. 
 
 To vapour with instead of proof. Hudibtus. 
 
 His fr()wns kept multitudes in awe. 
 Before the bluster of whose huff 
 All hats, as in a storm, Hew o If. Uudtbraa. 
 
 Wc have the apprehensions of a change to keep 
 a check upon us in the very huff' oi om greatness. 
 
 L' Estrange. 
 
 A Spaniard was wonderfully upon the /n(J?'about 
 his extraction. L'Kstrange. 
 
 No man goes about to ensnare or circumvent 
 another in a passion, to lay trains, and give se- 
 cret blows in a present huff. "•■ South. 
 
 2. A wretch swelled with a false opinion 
 of his own vahie. 
 
 As for you, colonel huff-cap, we shall try befoie 
 a civil magistrate who's the greater plotter. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Lewd shallow-brained huffs make Atheism and 
 contempt of religion the sole badge and character 
 of wit. South. 
 
 To Huff, v, a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To swell ; to puff. 
 
 918
 
 ii U G 
 
 In mnnv wilii birrls tlie diyphragm may easily 
 be hujj'ed' \i[t wiih air, and bluwii"lii at tlie wind- 
 pipe. Grew. 
 2. To hector ; to treat with insolence and 
 arrogance, or brutahty. 
 
 The cniiiiiii-siiiiier hI ftJuj^diilen cnllcce said to 
 Dr. liuu^'li, Vou must not prcsuine ti> //<(/?' us. 
 
 To Huff. r. n. To bluster ; to stoim ; to 
 bounce; to swell with indignation or 
 pride. 
 
 A hiiffiTig, shining, fiatt'ring, cringing coward, 
 A cankervvurin of peace, was raib'd above Iiini. 
 
 Otu'ay. 
 
 A Ihref and jiistire, fool and knave, 
 A hulfin^ officer and slave. Hndibras. 
 
 Hiifjing lo cowiirds, fawnins to tlie bravf , 
 To knaves a fool, tocred'lous fonU a knave. Ziosrom. 
 
 'lliis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made 
 them hir§ at the doctrine of repentance, as a thing 
 below ihe-ii. Smuli. 
 
 Now uhut's his end ? O charming glory, say ! 
 \VIi;it, a liitli act to crown iiis htijjlng play 'l Dryd. 
 
 W hat a small pittance of reason and truth is 
 mixed with those huffing opinions they are swelled 
 w'itli. " Loc'e. 
 
 Wiien Peg received John's message, she huffed 
 and slurmed like tlie devil. /h/iiifft. thst.ofJ. Ball. 
 
 Hu'ffer. w. s, [from /nrff.] A blusterer; 
 a bully. 
 
 Nor liave I liazardcd my tirt 
 To be expos'd i tli' end to sutler. 
 By such a braggadocio hiiffer. Hndibras. 
 
 Hl'ffish. adj. [i\om huff.] Arrogant; 
 insolent ; hectoring. 
 
 Hu'ffishly. adv. [from huffish.'] With ar- 
 roc;ant petulance ; with bullying bluster. 
 
 Hu'ffishness. n. s. Petulance; arro- 
 gance; noisy bluster. 
 
 To Hug. v. a. [pejian, Sax. to hedge, to 
 inclose ] 
 
 1. To press close in an embrace. 
 
 He bewept my fortvnie, 
 And hvggd me in his arms. S'tahesp, 
 
 What would not he do now to hug the creature 
 that had given hiui sn aduiirai)le a serenade! VEstr. 
 
 Ev'n in that urn their brother they confess, 
 And /(((o- it in their arms, and to their bosom press. 
 
 Drijden . 
 
 King Xerxes wasenamoui'd upon an oak, which 
 
 he would hug and kiss. Harveu on Cnnsumptioiis. 
 
 2. To fondle; to treat with tenderness, 
 
 I, under fair pretence of friendly ends, 
 And well-piac'd words of glozinj^ courtesy, 
 Baited with reasons not unplausihle, 
 Win me into the easy-hearted man. 
 And hug him into snares. MUtoji. 
 
 We hug deformities, if they bear our names. 
 
 ChmviUe. 
 
 Admire yourself, 
 
 And, without rival, hug your darling hook. Rose. 
 
 Though tliey know that the flatterer knows the 
 
 falsehood of his own flatteries, yet the^' love the 
 
 impostor, and with both arms hug the abuse. South. 
 
 Mark with what joy lie hugs the dear discovery. 
 
 Roue. 
 
 3. To hold fast. 
 
 Age makes us most fondly hug and retain the 
 good things of life, wiien we have tlie least pros- 
 pect of enjovinu thcin. Aiterbury. 
 
 4. 'lo gripe in wrestling. 
 Hug. n. s. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. Close emijrace. 
 
 Why these close hugs? I owe ray shame to him. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 2. A particular gripe in wrestling, ctlled 
 a Cornish hug. 
 
 HUGE. adj. [hoogh, high, Out.] 
 
 1. Vast; immense. 
 
 Let the estate of the people of God, uhen they 
 were in the honse of bondage, and their manner 
 of serving God in a str.in«e land, be compared 
 with that v>'hich Canaan and JerusaJem did afford; 
 
 H U L 
 
 and who seeth not what huge difference there was 
 bfiwecn tlicm ? Hooker. 
 
 This space of earth is so ^ii^e, as that itcquallelh 
 in greatness not only Asia, Kuropc, and Africa, 
 butAnieiica. Abbot. 
 
 2. Very great. 
 'I lie mountain huge, Milton. 
 
 Part, huge of bulk! 
 \yalli)«iiig unwieldy, enormous in their gait, 
 Tempest the ocean; there leviathan 
 lluf^est of living creatures, in ilie deep 
 otreteird like a promontory, slee[>s or swims, 
 And seems a moving land. Mitton. 
 
 3. Great even to deformity or terrible- 
 ness. 
 
 The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder. 
 
 bhokesj). 
 Through forests /iiigf, and lung unraveird heaths, 
 M'ith desolation brown he wanders waste. Thorns. 
 Hi'gely. adv. [from /(v^t.] 
 
 1. Immensely ; enormously. 
 
 ^V'ho cries out on pride. 
 That can tlierein ta.\ an> private party.' 
 Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea.' Shukesp. 
 
 2. Greatly ; very much. 
 I am hugely bent to believe, that whenever you 
 
 concern yourselves in our ati'airs, it is for our good. 
 
 Suijt. 
 Hu'gene.SS. n. s. [from huge.] 
 
 1. Enormous bulk; greatness. 
 
 2. Utmost extent. Not in use. 
 I\Iy mistress exceeds in goodness the hugenes^s 
 
 of your unworthy thinking! Shakesji. 
 
 Hl'ggermugger. n.s. [corrupted per- 
 haps from hugcr mvckcr. or hug in the 
 dark. Morckcr in Danish is darkness, 
 whence our murlq/. It is written by Sir 
 Thomas iMoore htikcr maker. Hukrr, 
 in Chaucer, is peevish, crossgraimd, of 
 which maker may only be a ludicrous 
 reduplication. Hooke is likewise in 
 German a corner, and moky is in Eng- 
 lish dark. I know not h.ow to deter- 
 mine.] Secrecy ; b3'e-place. 
 
 Now hold in huiigeymui;ger m their hand, 
 Aiidalltlierestdorob<jfti'oodsandland./iu6fc.ra/e. 
 
 But if I can but find them out, 
 Where e'er th' in huggermtigger lurk, 
 I'll make them rue their handy w ork. Huilibras. 
 
 There's a distinction bet \vi.\t what's done openly 
 and bare-faced, and a thing that's done in hugirer- 
 muggcr, under a seal of secrecy and concealment. 
 
 L^Estnnige. 
 
 Hu'gy. adj. [See HUGE.] Vast; great; 
 huge. Not in use. 
 
 This hugy rock one finger's force apparently will 
 move. Carew's Survev of Cornieull. 
 
 HuKE. n. s. [huqiie, Fr.] A cloak. 
 
 As we were thus in conference, there came one 
 that seemed to be a messenger, in a rich huke. 
 
 Bacon^s New Atlantis. 
 Hulk. n. s. [hulcke, Dut. Jiulc, Sax.] 
 
 1. The body of a ship. 
 
 There's a whole merchant's venture of Bour- 
 dcaux stuff in him : you have not seen a hulk bet- 
 ter stuffed in the hold. Shakesp. 
 
 The custom of giving the colour of the sea to 
 the /i«(/(S, sails, and mariners of their fly-boats, to 
 keep them from being discovered, came from the 
 Veiieli. Arbutlmot. 
 
 They Argo's huBc will tax. 
 And scrape her pilcliy sides for wax. Swift. 
 
 The sooty hulk 
 Steer'd sluggish on. Thomim. • 
 
 2. Any thing bulky and unwieldy. This 
 sense is still retained in Scotland : a^, a 
 hu/k is a fellow. 
 
 And Harry Monmouth's brawn, the ftu?t Sir John, 
 Is prisoner to your son. Shake.tp. 
 
 To Hulk. v. a. To exenterate: as, to 
 hulk a hare. Ainsworth. 
 
 n u M 
 
 Hull. n. s. [hu/gan, Goth, to cover.] 
 
 1. Tiie husk or integument of any thing ; 
 the outer covering: .is, the hu/l vi' a nut 
 covers tlie shell. [Hiile, Scott.] 
 
 2. The body of a ship ; the hulk. IIuH 
 and hu/k are now confouniled ; but hulk 
 originilly ^f^'nified not ni icly the 
 body or hull, but a whole ship of bur- 
 den, heavy and bulky. 
 
 Deep in Iheir hulk our deadly bullets light. 
 And through the yielding plauKs a passage find. 
 
 OryJen. 
 
 So many arts hath tne Divine Wisdom put |..- 
 gether, only for the/iu/iand tackle of a thinking 
 creature. IJrcw. 
 
 To Hull. v.n. [from the noun.] To float; 
 to drive to and fro upon the water witli- 
 out sails or rudder. 
 
 '1 hey saw a sight full of piteous strangeness ; a 
 ship, or rather the carcase of a ship, or rather 
 some few bones of the carcase, hulling there, part 
 broken, part burned, and part drowned. Sidney. 
 
 Will you hoist sail, sir.' here lies your way. 
 —No, good swabber, lam lo /iiitf here a litile 
 1'"i.!;t- Shahsu. 
 
 He look d, and saw the ark hull on the flood. 
 
 Ali/tra. 
 
 People walking down upon the shore, saw somi;- 
 
 what come hulling toward them. i'ljlraiirj^. 
 
 Hu'lly. adj. [from hull.] Siliquose; 
 
 liusky. Ainsworth. 
 
 HuLVEn. U.S. Holly. 
 
 Save hulixr and thorn, thereof flail for to make. 
 
 Tussir. 
 
 To Hum. v. a. [homelan, Dut.] 
 
 1. To make the noise of bees. 
 
 The humming of hees is an unequal buzzing. Bac. 
 An airy nation (lew, 
 'J'hick as the humming bees that hunt thegoldendcw 
 III Summer's heat. Dryden. 
 
 So weary bees in little cells repose ; 
 But if night-robbers lift the well-slor'd hive. 
 An hummiug llnouginheir waxen cily grows. Dryrf. 
 
 2. To make an inarticulate and buzzing 
 sound. 
 
 I ihink he'll hear me : yet to bile his lip. 
 And hum at good Cominius, much unhearls me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Upon my honour. Sir, I heard a humming. 
 And that a strange one too, which did awake me. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 The cloudy messenger turns me his back. 
 And hums; as who should sav. You'll rue. Shak. 
 
 3. To pause in speaking," and supply tlie 
 interval with an audible emission of 
 breath. 
 
 Having pump'd up all his wit. 
 And hum7n\l upon it, thus he writ. Uuiibras. 
 
 I still acquiest. 
 And never /lunnn'Jand haw'd Miditjoii, 
 Nor snuffled treason. Hndibras. 
 
 The man lay humming and hawing a good while ; 
 but ill the end, he gave up himselV to the physi- 
 cians. L'Eitraiige. 
 
 4. To make a dull heavy noise. 
 
 The musical accents of the Indians, to «s, are 
 hut imirtlciilate hurnmings; as are ours to their 
 otherwise tuned orsans. Glanville. 
 
 Still humutiugon, i^ieir drowsy course they keep. 
 And iash'd so long, liketops, are lasirdasleei>.P<i)ie 
 
 5. To sing low. 
 Hum half a tune. Pope 
 
 6. To applaud. Approbation was com- 
 monly expressed in public assemblies by 
 a hum, about a century ago. 
 
 Hum. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 1. The noise of bees or insects. 
 To black Ilccat's summons 
 The shard-horn beetle, with his drowsy hums. 
 Hath rung night's j.iwning peal. Sliaic. Macbeth. 
 
 !il9
 
 H U M 
 
 Nor undelightful is the ceaseless hum. 
 To him who muses through the woods at noon. 
 
 Tlwmson. 
 
 2. A low confused noise, as of bustling 
 crowds at a distance. 
 
 Fr nicamp tocamp, thro thefoul womb of night, 
 Tlif fiiint of either army still resounds. Shakesp. 
 
 Tower'd cities pleaie us then. 
 And the busy hum of men. J^Iilton. 
 
 One theatre there is of vast resort, 
 ^\ liich wlnlom uf reijuests was call'd the court; 
 But now the great exchange of news 'tis hight. 
 And fuii of /(umand buz from noon 'till niglit.i)ri/d. 
 
 3. Any low dull noise. 
 
 Who sat the nearest, by the words o'ercome, 
 Slept fast: the di-jtant nodded to the hum. Pope. 
 
 4. A pause with an inarticulate sound. 
 
 'rhese shrugs, these hums and haws, 
 When you have said she's goodly, come between, 
 Ere ycju can say siie's holiest. Shak. II "inter's Tale. 
 Your excuses want some i;rains to make 'em cur- 
 rent : hum and ha will not do the business. Dryd. 
 
 5. In Hudihras it seems used for ham. 
 
 And though his countrymen the Huns, 
 Did stew their meat between their hums, 
 And the horses backs, on which they straddle, 
 And ev'rv "iai> C'lt up Iiis saddle. HudUiras. 
 
 6. yVn expression of applause. 
 
 Vou hear a hu7n in the li^ht place. Spectator. 
 Hum. interject, A sound implying doubt 
 and deliberation. 
 
 Let not your ears despise the heaviest sound 
 Tiiat ever yet they heard. 
 '—Hum I 1 guess a't it. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 See Sir Robert — hum! 
 And never laugh for all my life to come. Pope. 
 
 HU'MAN. adj. [humanusy Lat. humain, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. Having the qualities of a man. 
 
 It w ill ne^er bea^ked whether he be a gentleman 
 born, but whether he be a human creature ? Swijt. 
 
 2. Belonging to man. 
 
 The king is but a man as T am : the violet smells 
 to him as it doth to me j all bis senses have but 
 human conditions. 6hakesp. 
 
 Fur man to teli how human life began 
 Is hard ; for who himself beginning knew ^ MUton. 
 
 Tliee, serpent, subtil'st Least of all the field, 
 I knew ; but not with human voice indu'd. Millon. 
 
 Intuitive knowledge needs no probation, i.or 
 can have any, this being the highest of all human 
 certainty. Locke. 
 
 HUMA'NE. adj. {Inimainey Fr.] Kind ; 
 civil; benevolent; good-natured. 
 
 Lr)ve of others, if it be not spent upon a few, 
 doth naturally spread itself towards man^', and 
 maketh men become /(umune andcharitable. Baron. 
 
 Envy, malice, coveteousness and revenge are 
 abolished : a new race of virtues and graces, more 
 divine, more moral, more humane, are planted in 
 their stead. Spratt. 
 
 Huma'nely. adv. [from Awmflwc] Kind- 
 ly ; with good-nature. 
 
 If ihey would yield us the superfluity, while it 
 were wholesome, we might guess they relieved us 
 iiunjancly. Shakesp. 
 
 Hl'manist. n.s. [humaniste, Fr.] A 
 philologer ; a grammarian : a term used 
 in the schools of Scotland. 
 
 Humanity, n.s. [humanite, Yt, kumani- 
 tas, Lat.] 
 
 1. The nature of man. 
 
 Look to thyself: reach not beyond humaiiitu. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 A rarer spirit never did steer humanity. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie middle of humariity tliou never knewest, 
 but the extremity of buth ends. Shakesp. 
 
 To preserve the Hebrew intire and uncorrupt, 
 there hath been used the highest caution humanity 
 could invent. Bituai. 
 
 2. Human kind; the collective body of 
 
 mankind. 
 
 H U M 
 
 If he can untie those knots, he is able to teach 
 all humanitu, and will do well to oblige mankind 
 by his information. Glanville. 
 
 3. Benevolence; tenderness. 
 
 All men ought to maintain peace and the com- 
 mon offices of humanity and friendship in diver- 
 sity of opinions. J^ocke 
 
 How few, like thee, enquire the wretched out. 
 And cimrt the otfiees of soft humanity^ 
 Like thee reserve llieir raiment fur the naked, 
 Reach nut tht-ir bread to feed the crying orphan, 
 Or mix their pitying tears with ihobe that weep? 
 
 Houe. 
 
 4. Philoloiry ; grammatical studies. In 
 Scotland, human orts littrfe. 
 
 To Hu'manize. v. a. [humoinistr, Fr.] 
 To soften ; to make susceptive of ten- 
 derness or benevolence. 
 
 Here will I |).iint the characters of woe. 
 Ami here my failhtul tears in show'rs shall flow 
 lo humanize the Hints whereon I tread. ]\'ottmi. 
 W as it ihe business of inagick to humanize our 
 natures with compassion, forgiveness, and all the 
 iiislaiiLes of the most extensive charity ? Addiscn. 
 
 Humankind, n.s. [human and kind.] 
 The race of man ; mankind. 
 
 Blest with a taste exact, yet unconfin'd ; 
 A Knowledge both of books and humankind. Pope. 
 
 Humanly, adv. [from human.] 
 
 1. After the notions of men ; according 
 to the power of men. 
 
 Thus the present happj/ prospect of our affairs 
 humanly spe.iking, niay seem to promise. 
 
 Attcrhtny. 
 
 2. Kindly ; with good-nature. This is 
 now written hnmandi/. 
 
 Thouuh learn'J, well bred; and though well 
 bied, sincere; 
 Modestly bold, and humanely severe. Pope. 
 
 Hu'mbird. n.s, [from hum and bird.] 
 The humming bird. 
 
 All ages have conceived the wren the least of 
 birds, vet our own plantations have shewed one 
 far less ; tliat is, the humhtrd, not nuich exceeding 
 a beetle. Broun. 
 
 Humble, adj, [humble, ¥r, humilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not proud ; modest; not arrogant. 
 
 And mighty proud to /tu?;ib/e weak does yield. 
 
 SpenS9i\ 
 
 Now we have shewn our power. 
 Let us seem humbtei- after it is done, 
 Thau when it was a-doing. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 'I'hy humble servant vows obedience, 
 And faithful service 'till the point of death. Shak. 
 
 We should be as humble in our imperfections 
 and sinj, as Christ was in the fulness of the spirit, 
 great wisdom, and perfect life. 
 
 Tavlori Rule oj Living Holy. 
 
 You, if an /lumt/e husband, may request. 
 Provide and order all things for the best. Dryd. 
 
 Ten thousand trifles light as these. 
 Nor can toy rage nor anger move : 
 
 She should be humble u ho would please ; 
 And she nmst sutler, who can love. Prior. 
 
 2. Ix)w ; not high ; not great. 
 
 Tir exanijile of the heav'niy lark, 
 Thy fellow-pttet, Cowley, mark I 
 Above the ^kies let thy proud musick sound. 
 Thy humble nest build on the ground. Cowley. 
 
 Deiiied what ev'ry wretch ubtains of fate, 
 An humble roof and an obscure retreat. Yaldcn. 
 Ah! prince, liadst thou but known the joys 
 which d^^eil 
 With humbler fortunes, thou wouldst curse thy 
 ro_valtv ! _ _ Pone. 
 
 Far humbler titles suit m^' lost conditions. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 To Hu'mhle. r. a. [from the adjective.] 
 
 1. To make humble ; to make submissive ; 
 
 to make to bow down with humility. 
 
 Take this purse, thou whom the heav'ns plairues 
 Have humbled to all strokes. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 H U M 
 
 The executioner 
 Falls not the axe upon the humbled neck. 
 But first begs pardon. Shakesp. As you ItJie it. 
 
 Humble yourselves under the mighty hand of 
 God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6. 
 
 flezekiah humbled himself for the pride of hit 
 heart. 2 Chron, 
 
 Why do \ humble \M\\s myself, and suing 
 For pf'ace, reaj) nothing but repulse and hatei^ Milt. 
 
 Let tho sinner nut away the evil of his doings, 
 and humble himself by a speedy and sincere repen- 
 tance ; let him returii to Godj and then let him 
 be assured that God will return to him. Pogers. 
 
 2. To crush ; to break ; to subdue ; to 
 mortify. 
 
 Yearly injoin'd, some say, to undergo 
 This aimual humbling certain number'd days. 
 To dash their pride and jni, , fur man seduc'd. Milt. 
 
 We are pleased, by some implicit khid of re- 
 venge, to see him taken down and humbled in hii 
 reputation, who had so far raised himself above 
 us. Addison. 
 
 The mistress of the world, the seat of empire. 
 The nurse of heroes, the delight of gods, 
 TUathumbled the proud tyrants of the earth. i4(?(/£s. 
 
 Men that make a kind of insult upon society, 
 ought to bo humbled as disturbers of the pubhc 
 tranquillity. Freeholder, 
 
 Fortune not much of humbling me can boast : 
 Though double tax'd, how little have Host! Pope. 
 
 3. To make to condescend. 
 
 This would not be to cond(.'scend to their capa- 
 cities, when he humbles himsi-if to speak to them, 
 but to lose his design in speaking. Locke. 
 
 4. To bring down from an height. 
 
 In process of time the highest monntains may he 
 humbled into vallies ; and again, the lowest vallies 
 exalted into mountains. Haheudl on Providence. 
 
 Hu'mblebee. n.s. [humble smdbte. What 
 may be the true etymology of this word 
 I am in doubt. The hum hh bee is 
 known to have no sting. 'I he Scotch 
 call a cow Avithout horns an humble cow; 
 so that the word seems to signify iner- 
 mis, Manting the natural weapons. Dr. 
 Beaitie.] A buzzing wild bee. 
 
 The huneybags steal from ihehumbUbees, 
 And for night tapers crop their waxen ihighs. Shak. 
 
 This puts us in mind once again of the humble- 
 bees and the tinder-boxes. Altcrburu. 
 
 Hu'mblebee. n,s. An herb. Ainsw, 
 Hu'mblebee Eater , n. s. A fly that eats 
 the bumblebee. Ai?tsii\ 
 
 Humbleness. «. s. [from humble.] Hu- 
 mility; absence of pride. 
 
 With how true humbleness 
 They look'd down to triumph over ])ritle! Stdnev. 
 
 I am rather with all subjected humbleness to 
 thank her excellencies, since the duly thereunto 
 gave me rather heart to save myself, than to re- 
 ceive thanks. Sidney. 
 
 It was answered by us all, in all possible A«mWe- 
 ness ; but yet with a countenance, that we knew 
 he spoke it but merrily. Bacon. 
 
 A grain of glory, mixed with humbleness. 
 Cures both a fever and lethargickness. Herbert. 
 Humbler, n. s. [from humble.] One that 
 
 humbles or subdues himself or others. 
 Hu'mblemouthed. adj. [humble and 
 mouthed.] Mild ; meek. 
 
 Vou are meek and humblemouth'd: hut your heart 
 Iscramui'd with arrogancy, spleen,andpridp.S/j<i^-. 
 
 Hu'mbleplant. n. s. A species of sen- 
 sitive plant. 
 
 The humhleplant is so called, because, as soon 
 as you touch it, it prostrates itself on the ground, 
 and in a short time elevates itself again: it it 
 raised in hot-beds. Mortimer. 
 
 Humbles, /j. s. Entrails of a deer. 
 
 Mu'jmbless. «. s. [from humble.'] Hum- 
 bleness ; htmiility. Obsolete, 
 
 And with meek humbless, and afflicted mood. 
 Pardon for thee, and grace for meintreat. denser. 
 
 020
 
 \ V. a. [humecio, Lat. 
 . j humecter, Fr.] To 
 
 HUM 
 
 Hu'mbly. adv. [from humble,'] 
 
 1. Without pride; with humility; modest- 
 ly; with timorous modesty. 
 
 They were iis'd to head, 
 To send llieir smiles before them to Achillec, 
 Tocome Aumfc/t/aslliey us'd to creep toholv altars 
 
 Sliakesp 
 Here tlie tani'd Euphrates /itimb/i/ glides, 
 And there the Rliiue subuiit& her sweiling tides. 
 
 Drytien. 
 Write him down a slave, who, humbly pniud, 
 \Vilh preseuls begs preferments from the crowd. 
 
 Dry den. 
 In midst of dangers, fears, and death, 
 Thv gnvjdncss I'll adore ; 
 
 And pr:ti-e tliee for thy mercies past. 
 And humbly hope for more. Addison. 
 
 2. Without height; without elevation. 
 
 Hu'mdRUM. adj. [h'om hum y drone j or 
 humming dront.\ Dull ; dronish; stupid 
 
 Shalt uc, quoth she, ->till humdrum^ 
 And see stout Bruin all alone. 
 By iiumbtrs basely overthrown? Hudibras 
 
 I was tallving wiih an old hnmdnim fcllou', and, 
 hef.ire I had heard his story out, wascalltd a\va\ 
 by business. " Addison. 
 
 To HUMECT. 
 ToHLMECrVTE 
 
 wet: to moisten. 
 
 The Nile ai:d Xijier do not on]_v moisten and 
 conteinpiira'e the air by their exlialations, but 
 refresh and humeclate ilie earlli by tiieir annual 
 Uiuildaliuns. Brown. 
 
 Her rivers are divided in sluice«, to humectate 
 the bordering soil. Hou-ers Vocal Forest. 
 
 The medicaments are of a coul/iumerfinff quality, 
 and not loo nnicll astringent. Wiseman's Surgeru. 
 
 Humecta'tion. n.s. [humeclation, Fr. 
 from htimeclale.] The act of wetting; 
 moistenini;. 
 
 Plates uf brass applied to a blow, will keep it 
 down front swelling: the cause is repercussion, 
 without humectation, or entrance of any body. 
 
 Bacon s Nat Hist. 
 
 That which is concreted by exsiccation, or ex- 
 pression of Immidiiy, will be resolved by humec- 
 tation, as earth and "clay. Broun. 
 
 Hu'meral. adj. [humeri, Fr. from hu- 
 merus, Lat] Belonginjr to the shoulder. 
 The largest crookLd needle should be used, with 
 a ligature, in taking up the humeral arteries in 
 amputation. Sharp. 
 
 Humicuba'tiox. U.S. [humi and aibo, 
 Lat.] The act of 1} ing on the ground. 
 Faslingand sackcloth, and ashes and tears, and 
 humicubations, used to be companions of repent- 
 ance. Brmntialt. 
 
 HUMID, arij. [humide, Fr. humidus, Lat.] 
 Wet; moist; waterv. 
 
 Iris there, with humid how. 
 Waters I'le odorous banks that bloT 
 Flowers of more mingl'd hue 
 Than her purpled scarf can shew. JSIiUon. 
 
 The queen, recover'd. rears her hurmd eyes, 
 And first her husband on the poop espies. Dryd. 
 
 If they slip easily, and are of a fit size to be agi- 
 tateti bj heat, and the heat is big enough to keep 
 them iii adtation, the body is fluid ; and if it be 
 apt to sticK to things, it 'nhumid. Kncton's Opt. 
 
 Humi'dity. n. s. [humiditc, Fr. from hu- 
 mid.] That quality which we call mois- 
 ture, or the power of wetting other 
 bodies. It differs very much from flu- 
 idity, depending altogether on the con- 
 gruity of the component particles of any 
 liquor to the pores or surfaces of such 
 particular bodies as it is capable of ad- 
 hering to. Thus quicksilver is not a moist 
 liquor, in respect to our bands or clothes, 
 
 Vol. I, 
 
 H U M 
 
 and many other things it will not stick 
 to; but it may be called so in rtferenc-' 
 to gold tin, or lead, to whose surfaces it 
 will presently adhere. And even water 
 itself that wets almost every thin^, and 
 is the great standard of humiditif, is not 
 capable of wetting every thing, for it 
 stands and runs easily off in globular 
 drop.son the leaves of cabbages and inan\' 
 other plants ; and it wdl not wet the fea- 
 thers of ducks, swans^and other water- 
 fowl. Quinci/. 
 
 Ue'll use this unwholesome humidity, this «ro*.s 
 watry pumpion. Shakesp. 
 
 O blessing-breeding sun, ward from the earth 
 Rotten humidity : below tliy sister's orb 
 Infect the air ! Shakesp. Ttmon <f Athens. 
 
 Vuuiis; animals have more lender iilires, and 
 more A'trjiitiift/, than old animals, which have their 
 juices moreexalied and relishing. ArhtUhnot. 
 
 Hlmilia'tion. n s. [Fr.] 
 
 1 . Descent from greatness; act of humility. 
 
 'ihe furnier was an humiliation <>( Dt-ity, the 
 latter an humiliation of luanhuod ; for wliich' cause 
 there followed upon the latter an exhalation of tliat 
 which was humbled ; for with power he created 
 the world, but restored it by obedience. Hooker. 
 
 Thy humiliation shall exalt 
 Willi thee thy manhood also lo thi? throne. Milt. 
 
 2. Mortification; external expression of 
 sin and unworthiness. 
 
 John fared poorly, according unto tlie apparel 
 he wore, lh;it isj of camel's hair; and the doctrine 
 he preached was humiliation and repentance. 
 
 Broivn. 
 With tears 
 \\ at'ring ilie ground, and with our sighs the air 
 Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite, in.si^n 
 Of sorrow uiifeign'd.and hiimiliiUion meek.iiiilton. 
 
 3. Abatement of pride. 
 
 It may serve for a great lesson of humilation 
 to mankind, to behold the habits and passions uf 
 men trampling over interest, friendship, honour, 
 and their own personal safety, as well, as that of, 
 their country. Sui/t. ' 
 
 Humi'lity. w. s. [humiliiey Fr.] 
 
 1 . Freedom from pride ; modesty ; not ar- 
 rogance. 
 
 When we make profession of our faith, we 
 stand ; when we acknowledge our sins, or seek 
 unto God for faTour, we fall down ; because the 
 gesture of constancy becoiuelh us best in the one, 
 ui the other the behaviour of humility. Booker. 
 
 T do not know that Englislinian alive 
 With whom my soul is any jot at odds, 
 More than the infant tliat U born to-night ; 
 I thank ray God for my humilitif. Shah. Rich. III. 
 
 \\ hat the height of a kingtempieth to revenge, 
 the humility of a Christian teacheth to forgive 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 The humility of tlie style gained them many 
 friends. Clarendon. 
 
 There are some that use 
 Humility to serve their pride, and seem 
 Humble upon their way, to be the prouder 
 At tlieir w ish'd journey's end. Denham's Sophu. 
 
 It is an easy mailer lo e.xlol/inmi/ifuin the midst 
 of honour, or to begin a fast after dinner. South. 
 
 As high turrets for their airy steep 
 Require foundations in projiortion deep; 
 And lofty cedars as fur upwards shoot, 
 As to the nether hearens ihey drive the root ; 
 So low did her secure foundation lye, 
 She was not humble but humility. ' Dryden. 
 
 2. Act of submission. 
 
 With these humilities they satisfied the ^'oun^: 
 king, and by their bowing and bending avoided 
 the present storra. D.ivies. 
 
 Hummer, n.s. [from hum.] That which 
 hums ; an applauder. Ainstvorth. 
 
 Humoral, adj. [from humour.] Pro- 
 ceeding from the humours. 
 
 II u M 
 
 I 'i'his »ort of fever i^ comprehuideH under co»» 
 tiiiual huipnral fevers. Honey on Comnmjaicn^ 
 
 Humorist, w.a, [humoiisio, Ital. hu- 
 morisfe, Fr.] 
 
 1. One who conducts himself by his own 
 fancy ; one who gratifies his own hu- 
 mour. 
 
 The notion of the humoritt is one that is|jreatly 
 
 {>!cased, or greatly dii|ileased, wiih little things ; 
 lis actioitsseldum directed by ihe reHSdiaod na- 
 ture of thiniis Waits. 
 VUh humorist Vcepn to himself much more than 
 l.e v%anls, and gives hli superfluities tu purchase 
 heaven. Addison. 
 
 2. One who has odd conceits. 
 
 The wit sinks imperceptibly into an kumnrist. 
 
 Spectator, 
 
 ^3. One who has violent and peculiar pas- 
 sions. 
 
 By a wise and tiraenus inquisition the peccant 
 huruuura and humoriits must be diNCOvrred and 
 pureed, or cut otf ; mercy in such a case in a king, 
 is true cruelty. Baam to Villien. 
 
 Humorous, adj [from humour ] 
 
 1. Full of grotesque or odd images. 
 
 Some of the commentators tell us, that Marsja 
 was a lawyer v\hu had lost his cau^e ; oilwr-, :hat 
 this passage alludes to the story of the satire Mar- 
 syas, who contended with Apollo, wiiich I think 
 is uiure humorous. Addisim on Italy. 
 
 2. Capricious; irregular; without any rule 
 but the present whim, 
 
 I am knowii to be a humorous pa(rrriau ; said to 
 be b>iniethit'^ imperfect, in favouring the first 
 Conipl-.iint -J hasty and tinder-lir.e, h,>ou too Irixittl 
 motion. shakesp. Corintunus. 
 
 Thou fortune's champion, (hiit do'st never fight 
 But when her /(umoroui ladyship is by. 
 To tench thee safety. ijinkesp. King John. 
 
 He's humorousas Winter, and as sudden 
 As flawbcoiigcal'din the spring of day. i>h. H. 1\'. 
 
 O, you awake then: come away. 
 Times be siiort, are made f«r play ; 
 The humorous moon too wiil not slay : 
 What yi'Ah make you thus delay ; Reii Jonson. 
 
 Va^t is his courage, boundlesb in his mind. 
 Rough as a storra, and ftumonjus as the wind. Drtj. 
 
 He tbac %vould learn to pass a just sei;tence on 
 persons ar.d things, must lake heed of a fanciful 
 temper of mind, and an humorous conduct in his 
 affrtirs. Watts's Logick, 
 
 3. Pleasant ; jocular. 
 
 Thy humorous vein, thy pleasing folly, 
 Lies all neglected, all forgot ; 
 
 And pensive, wav'ring, melancholy. 
 Thou dread'st and hop'st thou know'st not what. 
 
 Pricrr. 
 
 Hu'morously. adj. [from humorous.] 
 
 1. Merrily ; jocosely. 
 
 A cabinet of medals Juvenal calls very Au- 
 morously, concisum argentum in titulosfacicque mi- 
 nutus. Addison. 
 
 It has been humorously said, that some have 
 fished, the very jakes fur papers left tiiere by meo 
 of wit. Su.yt. 
 
 2. Capriciously; whimsically. 
 
 We resolve by halves, and unadvisedly ; we re- 
 solve rashly, sillily, cr humorously, upon no rca.- 
 sons ic.at will hold. Calamy. 
 
 Hu'mokou.sne-SS. n.s. [from hu7norous.] 
 
 1. Fickleness; capricious levity. 
 
 2. Jocularity ; oddness of conceit. 
 Hu'morsome. adj. [from hximtmr.] 
 
 1. Peevish ; petulant. 
 
 2. Odd; humorous. In this sense it is 
 less usecL 
 
 Oar scirnce cannot be mnch improved by mas- 
 querades, where the wit of both sexes is alVtgc- 
 tlier taken up iu continuing singular aud /itcmv- 
 
 Soitie '\\i%Ul:Q->. 
 
 Suiii, 
 
 Hu'morsomely. adv. [from humour- 
 some.] Peevishly ; petukiuUy, 
 
 6B 
 
 D2L
 
 H U U 
 
 HU'MOUR. n. s. [Immcw; Fr. fmmor,ha.t.] 
 
 1. Moisture. 
 
 Tl\e aqvieous humour of the eye will not freeze, 
 wliicli is very atlinirable, seeing it hatli the per- 
 spicuity ami fluidity of cominoii water. 
 
 Ray nji the Creation. 
 
 2. The different kind of moisture in mans 
 body, reckoned by the old physician to 
 be phlegm, blood, choler, and melan- 
 choly, which, as they predominated, 
 were supposed to determine the temper 
 of mind. 
 
 Bc-licTe not these suggestions, which proceed 
 From anguish of the mind and hunwurs black, 
 Tliat mingle witli tliy fancy. _ J*ii/to?i. 
 
 3. General turn or temper of mind. 
 
 As there is no humour to whicli impudent po- 
 verty cannot make itself serviceable , so were there 
 enow of those of des|ierate ambilioa, who would 
 build their houses upon others ruin. Sidncii. 
 
 There came a young lord, led with the humour 
 «f youth, which ever thinks that good whose 
 yo 'dness he sees not, Sidney. 
 
 King James, as he was a prince of great judg- 
 ment, "so he was a prince of a marvellous pleasant 
 hximour as he was going through Lusen hy Ureeu- 
 ■wicli, he asked what town it was? They said Lu- 
 sen. He asked, a good while after, what town is 
 this we are now in ? They said still it was Lusen : 
 tlien said the kiug, I will be king of Lusen. 
 
 Bacon's Apopth. 
 
 Examine how your /mmowr is inclin'd. 
 And wliich the ruling passion of your mind. Rose. 
 
 They, who were acquainted witli him, know 
 his humour to be such, that he would never con- 
 strain himself. Dryden. 
 
 Incases where it is necessary toraakeexamples, 
 it is the humour of the multituiie to forget the 
 crime, and to remember the punishment. Addison. 
 
 Good humour only teaches charms to last, 
 Still makes new conq uests, and maintains the past. 
 
 Po,«. 
 
 4. Present disposition. 
 
 It is Ihe curse of kings to be attended 
 By slaves, tliat take their humours for a warrant 
 To break into the blood-house of life. Shakesy. 
 
 Another thought her nobler humour fed. Fair/. 
 
 Their humouri arc not to be won. 
 But when tliey are inipos'd upon. Hudibras. 
 
 'I'enipt not his heavy hand ; 
 But one submissive word whicliyoii let fall, 
 Will m.ike him in good humour with us all. Dry. 
 
 5. Grotesque imagery ; jocularity ; merri- 
 ment. 
 
 In conversation humour is more th.nn wit. 
 easiness more than knowledge. Temple. 
 
 6. Tendency to disease; moibid disposi- 
 tion. 
 
 lie denied liimself nothing that he had a mind 
 to eat or drink, which gave him a IjL.dy full of 
 humours, and made his his of the gout "frequent 
 and violent. Temple. 
 
 The cliild h?id a humour which was cured by 
 the wa'ers of Glustonhury. Fielding. 
 
 ?• Petulance ; peevishness. 
 
 Is my friend all perfeetiou, all virtue and dis- 
 cretion.'' Has he not humours to be endured, as 
 well as kindness to be enjoyed? South. 
 
 8. A trick ; a practice. 
 
 I like not tlie /i«»iourof lying : he hath wronged 
 me iii some humours: I should fcave borne the 
 humom'd Ictier to her. ^Sliakesp. 
 
 9. Caprice; whim; predominant inclina- 
 tion. 
 
 In privnle, men are more bold in (heir own 
 humours ; and in comfort, men are more obnoxious 
 to oiliers humours; therefore it is good to t;ike 
 both. Bacon. 
 
 To Hd'mour. II. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To frratify ; lo sooth liy compliance. 
 
 If I had a suit to master Shallow, i would hu- 
 nwur his men ; if lo Ids men, I would curry with 
 master Shallow. Shahesp. 
 
 HUN 
 
 If I were Brutus now, and lie were Cassius, 
 He should nut humour mc. SJiuhesi). 
 
 Obedience and subjection were never enjoin d 
 by God to humour the passions, lusts and vanities 
 of those who are coinniauded to obey our govern- 
 ours. Swift. 
 
 You humour me, when 1 am sick ; 
 Why not when I'm spleu-Jtick? Pope. 
 
 Children are fond of something which strikes 
 tlicir fancy most, and sullen and regardles of 
 every thing else, if they are not humoured in that 
 fancy. Watts's Logick. 
 
 2. To fit; to comply with. 
 
 Tn after age thou shalt be v/rit the man. 
 
 That with smooth air could humour best our 
 tontjue. Milton. 
 
 'Tis my part to invent, and the musicians tohu- 
 mour that invention. Dryden s Preface to Allnon. 
 
 Fuuntainbleau is situated among rocks and 
 woods, that give a fine variety of savage pros- 
 pects: ihe king h:ii hurnoured the genius of the 
 pluce, and only made use of so much art as is ne- 
 cessary to rej;ulate nature. Addisoit. 
 
 Hump, w. s. [con-Lipted perhaps from 
 hump. See Bum p.] The protuberance 
 formed by a crooked back. 
 
 These defects were mended by matches ; the 
 eyes were opened in the next generation, and the 
 hump fell. Tatlcr. 
 
 Hu'mpback. w. s, [from hump and back.] 
 Crooked back ; high shoulders. 
 
 The chief of the family was born with a hump- 
 back and very high nose. Tatler. 
 
 Humpbacked, adj. Having a crooked 
 
 back. 
 To HUNCH. v.a,\husch, Germ.] 
 
 1. To strike orpunchwith the fists. 
 
 Jack's friends began to hunch and push one 
 another : why don't ^ou go and cut the poor fel- 
 low down? Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. [Hoclcer a crooked back. Germ.] To 
 crook the back. 
 
 Tiiy crooked mind within hunched out thy back, 
 And wander'd in thy limbs. Drijden. 
 
 Hunchba'cked. adj. [hunch and back.] 
 Havinf;^ a crooked back. 
 
 His person defnrmed to the highest degree^ flat- 
 nosed, and hunchbacked. L'Estrange. 
 
 But I more fear Creon ! 
 To take tliat huuchhack''d monster in my arms, 
 Th' excrescence of a man. Dnjdens Oedipus. 
 
 The second daughter was peevish, haggard, 
 pale, with saucer-eves, a sharp nose, and hunch- 
 hacked. Arbuthuot's llistorij of' John Bull. 
 
 Hu'ndRED. adj. [j)unh, and j^Lmbpeb, 
 Siix. hojidei-d, Dut.] The number con- 
 sistiii,ij of ten multiplied by ten. 
 
 A hundred altars m her temp!c smoke, 
 A thousand bleeding hearts her pow'r invoke. 
 
 Dryden s /Eneid. 
 
 Manv thousands had seen the transacti ns of 
 uur Saviour, and many hundred thousands re- 
 ceived an account of them from the mouths of 
 those who were eye-witnesses. Addison. 
 
 Hu'ndeed. n. s. 
 
 1. A company, body, or collection con- 
 sisting of an hundred. 
 
 Very (ew will take this proposition, tiiat God is 
 pli-Hse'd with the doing of what he himself coiii- 
 niauds, for an innate moral p-^inciple : whosoever 
 does so, will have reason to think hundreds of 
 propositions innaie. Locke. 
 
 Litnds, taken from the enemy, were divided 
 into centuries or /iundreds.and distributed amongst 
 the siildiers. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2, A canton or division of a county, pei*- 
 haps once containing an hundred ma- 
 nors. [Hundrtdum, low Lat. hundiede, 
 old Fr.] 
 
 Imposts upon merchants do seldom good to the 
 king's revenue ; for that tiial he wins in the hun- 
 dred, lie loselh in the shire. Bacon. 
 
 II U N 
 
 _ for justice they had a bench under a tree, where 
 Ket sal, and with him two of every hundred 
 whence their companies had been raised: here 
 complaints were exhibited. Hayward. 
 
 HuNDRETH. adj. [J^unbpeon-teogopa, 
 Sax.] The ordinal of an hundred; the 
 tenth ten times told. 
 
 We shall not need to use the ^unrfret/t^ part of 
 that time, which themselves bestow in making in- 
 vectives. Hooker. 
 
 If this medium is rarer within the sun's body 
 than at its surface, and rarer there than at the 
 hundredth part of an inch from its body, and rarer 
 there than at the orb uf Saturn, I see" no reason 
 why the increase of density should stop. Newton. 
 
 Hung, [The preterite and part, pass, 
 of Aflw^.] 
 
 A wife so hung with virtues, such a freight, 
 What mortal shoulders can support? Dryd. Juv 
 
 A room that is richly adorned, and hung round 
 with agreatvariety of pictures, strikes the eve at 
 once. Watts. 
 
 HUNGER, n. 5. [Jjunjeji, Sax. hongerj 
 Dut.] 
 
 1 . Desire of food ; the pain felt from fasting. 
 
 An uneasy sensation at the stomach for food. 
 When the stomach is empty, and the fibres in their 
 natural tension, they draw up so close as to rub 
 against each other, so as to make that sensatitui : 
 but when they aredistended with food, it is again 
 removed ; unless when a person fasteth so long as 
 for want of spirits, or nervous fluid, to hnve those 
 fibres grow too flaccid to corrugate, and then we 
 say a person has fasted away liis stomach. QMinci/. 
 
 I'hou slialt serve thine enemies in hunger and in 
 thirst. Deut. xxviii. 4S. 
 
 The subacid part of the animal spirits, being 
 cast otf by the lower nerves upon the coats of the 
 stomach, vellicates the tibres, and tliereby pro- 
 duces the sense we call hujigtr. ' Gi-en: 
 
 Sometliing viscous, fat and oily, remaining in 
 the stomach, destroys the sensation of /n/fi^tr. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Alnnetits. 
 
 2. Any violent desire. 
 
 The inimale:ial felicities we expect, do naln- 
 rally suggest the necessity of preparing our appe- 
 tites and hungers for them, without which heaven 
 can be no heaven to us. Decay 'if Piety. 
 
 For hunger of my gold I dye. Dryden. 
 
 To Hu'nger. v.n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To feel the pain of hunger. 
 
 My more having, would be as a sauce 
 To make me /jtmi^cr more. Shnk. Macbeth. 
 
 Widely thev gape, and to the eye they roar, 
 As if they hunger'd for the food they hore. Cowley. 
 
 2. To desire Avith great eagerness ; to long. 
 
 Dost thou so hunger for my empty chair 
 That thou wilt iR-eds invest ihce witli my honours. 
 Before thy luair berifie? O, foolish youth, 
 Thou seek'st the greatness that will overwhelm 
 
 thee 
 Stay but a little. Shuk. Hen. IV. p. ii 
 
 I content me. 
 And from the sting of famine fear no harm, 
 Nor mind it, fed with better tlioiights that feed 
 Mc /iw7i^ViH^ more to do do my Father's will. Milt. 
 
 Hu'ngerbiT, 7 adj. [from hunger 
 
 Hu'ngerbitten. J and bit.] Pained 
 or weakened with hunger. 
 
 His strenuth shall be hungerbtlten. Job. xviii. fi. 
 Thyself 
 Bred up in poverty and straits at home; 
 Lost in a desert liere, and hungerbit. MiUon. 
 
 Hu'ngerly. adj. [from hunger.] Hun- 
 gry ; in want of nourishment. 
 
 His beard 
 Grew thin and hungerly, and seem'd to ask 
 His sops as he was drinking. ShaK 
 
 Hu'ngerly. adv. With keen appetite. 
 
 You have sav'd my longing, and I feed 
 Most hungerly on your sight. Shak. 
 
 922 
 
 I
 
 HUN 
 
 Tliey are all hut stomachs, and we all but food ; 
 They cat us hungerlu, and, when they're full, 
 Thcv belch us. ' " Sliak. 
 
 Hu'NGERSTARVED. adj. [hunger and 
 sfariud.] Starved with hunger ; pinched 
 by want of food. 
 
 All nivfiillowe'^5 to tir eager foe 
 Turn b.ick, iiiid fl.v like shi'is befnre the wiml, 
 Or lambs pursu'd by huyi;ierslarced wulves. i/iuA-. 
 
 Go, go, ibeur up iiiv huniicrstctrped men. SItak. 
 
 As u> s >iuf \ut\y bouse tli' atHicted came, 
 Tbe httngerstiirv'd, the naked, and the lame. 
 Want and diseases, iled before her name. Dryd. 
 
 Hu'ngred. eidj. [{vom hunger.'] Pinched 
 
 b}' want of food. 
 
 Oduurs do in a small decree nourish, and we 
 sec men an hundred love to smell hot bread. Bacon. 
 
 Hu'ngrily. ndv. [from hungry.] With 
 keen appetite. 
 
 Thus uHich to the kind rural gods we owe, 
 Who pily'd surterini; mortals long ago ; 
 When on harsh acorns hungrily they fed. 
 And gave 'ra nicer palates, better bread. Vryd. 
 Hu'NGRY. adj. [from hunger.] 
 
 1, Feeling pain from want of food. 
 
 I bat fiice of his the hungrq caunibals 
 Would not have touch'd, would not have stain'd 
 with blood. Shak. 
 
 By eatiug before he was Auno^i/, and drinking 
 before he was dry, be was sure iiever to cat or 
 drink miicii at a tiiue. Temple. 
 
 The",' that talk thus may say that a man is al- 
 ways huitgrij, but that be dues not always feel it ; 
 whereas hunger consists in that very sensation. 
 
 Lfjc^e. 
 
 2. Not fat ; not fruitful ; not prolifick ; 
 more disposed to draw from other sub- 
 stances than to impart to them. 
 
 Cassius has a lean and /(u^^ry look. Shakesp. 
 
 I'be luore fat ^vater will bear soap best ; for the 
 hungry water doth kill its unctuous nature. B«C(»n. 
 
 lu rushy grounds S[iringsare found at tbe tirst 
 and second spit, aiid sometimes lower in a hujtgri] 
 gravel. Mcn-titner. 
 
 To the great day of retribution our Saviour re- 
 fers us, for reajuns the fruits that we here sow in 
 the most hungry and barren soil. Smalridge's Serm. 
 
 Hunks, n. s. [/(Kns/ffj- sordid, Islandick.] 
 A covetous sordid wretch ; a miser ; a 
 curmudgeon. 
 
 The old hunks was well served, to be tricked 
 out of a whole hog for the securing of bis pud- 
 dings. L'Estninge. 
 
 She has a husband, a jealous, covetous, old 
 hunks. Drtiden. 
 
 Irus has given all tbe intimations of being a close 
 hunks, worth money. Addison. 
 
 To HUNT. r.a. [Jjuntian, Sax. from jjunb 
 a doer.] 
 
 1. To chase wild animals. 
 
 The man that r)nce did sell tbe lion's skin. 
 While the bean liv'd, was kill'd in hunting him. 
 
 Shiikesp. 
 
 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion, or till tbe 
 appetite of the young lions ? Joh, x.txviii. 39. 
 
 We should single every criminal out <jf the herd, 
 and hunt bini down, however foruiidable and 
 over-grown; and, on the contrary, shelter and de- 
 fend virtue. .iddisim. 
 
 2. To pursue ; to follow close. 
 
 Evil shall liunt the violent man to overthrow 
 li'in- Psalm, c\\. 
 
 Tbe heart strikes five liundred sorts of ptdses in 
 
 an tumr, and is hunted unto such contiiuial palpi- 
 
 tatiims, through anxiety, that fain would it break. 
 
 Harvey on ConsumptioTis. 
 
 3. To search for. 
 
 Not certainly affirming any thing, but bv con- 
 ferring of times and moiuiments, 1 do hunt out a 
 probability. Spenser. 
 
 All tliatisfcmnd in books is not rightly deduced 
 ironi principles; such an exaiuen every reader's 
 miiul is not forward to make, especially in those 
 
 n u N 
 
 who have given themselves up t() a party, aiirl 
 uiilv hunt for what may favour and suppurt the 
 leit'c'ts uf it. LtKke. 
 
 4. To direct or manage hounds in the 
 chace. 
 
 He hunts a pack of dogs better than any, anri is 
 famous for finding bares. Addison. 
 
 To Hunt. v. n. 
 
 1. 'Vo follow the chase. 
 
 When he returns from huntinp^ 
 ] will iiot speak with him. bhakesp. King Lear. 
 Esau went to the field tu hunt fur venison. 
 
 Gen. xxvii. 5. 
 
 OnefolI(nved study and knowledge, and another 
 
 hawking and lutiUin>:. Locke. 
 
 On the old pagan tombs, masks, Annd'n^ matches, 
 
 and Bacc)ianals are very cummun. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. To pursue or search. 
 
 Very nuich of kin to this is the hunting after ar- 
 guments to make good one side of a question, anri 
 wholly to neglect and refuse those wliich favour 
 the other side. Locke. 
 
 Hunt. w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A pack of hounds. 
 
 The common /lUHt, though from their rage re- 
 strain'd 
 By sov'reign pow'r, her company disdain'd, 
 Grinn'd as they pass'd. Dryd. Hindand Panther. 
 
 2. A chace. 
 
 The hunt is up, the mom is bright and gray ; 
 Tlie fields are fragrant, and the woods are ^rcen. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Pursuit. 
 
 I've heard myself proclaimed ; 
 And by the happy hollow of a tree, 
 Ebcapd the hunt. Shakesp. Kii2g Lear. 
 
 Hu'nter. n. s. [from Amw^] 
 
 1. One who chases animals for pastime or 
 food. 
 
 If those English lords had been good hunters, 
 
 and reduced the mountains, bogss, and woods 
 
 within the limits of furest, chaces and parks, tlic 
 
 forest law would liuve driven them into the plains. 
 
 Davics on Irelaud. 
 
 Down from a lull the beast that reiens in woods. 
 First hunter then, pursu'd a gentle brace, 
 Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton. 
 
 Another's crimes th' uniiaf)py hunter bnre, 
 Glutting his father's eyes with guiltless tiore. 
 
 Vnjd. JEn. 
 
 This was the arms or device of our old Roman 
 hunters; a passa^re of JVlanilius lets us know the 
 pagan hunters had flieleager for their patron. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Bold Nimrod first the savage chace began, 
 A mighty /lunffr, and his game was man. Pirpe. 
 
 2. A dog that scents game or beasts of 
 prey. 
 
 Of dogs, the valu'd file 
 Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, 
 The housekeeper, the hunter. Shahesp. Machetn. 
 
 Hu'ntinghorn. n,s. [from hu7ithts: nnd 
 hof'Ji'l A bugle; a horn used to cheer 
 the hoimds. 
 
 Whilst a hoy, Jack ran from school, 
 Fond of his hujttinghtfrn and pole. Prio} . 
 
 Hu'ntrkss. 71. s. [from kunfer.] A wo- 
 man that folUnrs the chace. 
 
 And thon, thrice en Avn'd queen nf nitiht, survey 
 With thy chaste eye, from tliy pale sphere above, 
 Thy hnittress' name, that my full life dotli sway. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Shall T call 
 Antiquity f n m the eld schools of Greece, 
 'I'o testify the arms nf chastity ? 
 Hence had x\\f huntress Dianlier dread bow, 
 Fair silver-shafled ipieen, fur ever chaste. Milton. 
 
 Let old Arcadia biJa^t her ample plain, 
 Tir immortal huntress, and her virgin tiain; 
 Nor envy WiiKlsor. Pope. 
 
 Homer represents Diana with her quiver at her 
 shoulder ; but at the same time be describes her 
 as an huntress. Broome. 
 
 n U R 
 
 IHu'NTSMAN. U.S. [hunt and man.] 
 I. One who deliohts in the chace. 
 
 Like as a hnntsmtiii, after weary chace, 
 .Seeing ibu gain." escape from bim awa^,^ 
 Sits down lo rest him .'^enter's Sonnet). 
 
 Such game, w hilst y et the world was new, 
 1*lie niigbly N'in.rod did pursue : 
 \\ bat hi^rlrman of our feeble race. 
 Or dogs, ftare such a monstiT cbacc? JVatlfr. 
 
 •2. The servant whose office it is to manage 
 the chace. 
 
 Apply this moral ratlier to the hnnttman, that 
 managed the chace, than to lite niaster.L'EjTrangc. 
 
 Hu'ntsman.siup. Ji.s. [from huntsman.] 
 The qualifications of a hunter. 
 
 At court your fellowsevery day 
 Give the art of rbiming, huntsmanship, or pl^^y. 
 
 Hu'rdle. n. s. [jjypbil, Sax.] 
 
 1. A texture of sticks woven together; a 
 crate. 
 
 The sled, the turabril, hurdlesavS tbe flail. 
 These all must be prepar'd. Dryden's GeoTg. 
 
 2. Grate on -which criminals were dragged 
 to execution. 
 
 Settle your 6ne joints 'gainst Tliarsday next. 
 Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Shakesp. 
 
 The blacksmith was hanged, drawn, and quar- 
 tered at Tyburn ; taking pleasure upon the hurdle, 
 to think tliat he should be famous in after-times. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 HuRDS. n s. The refuse of hemp or 
 flax. Ainswvrth. 
 
 To HURL. v.ti. [from hurolt to throw 
 down, Islanilick; or, according to Sldii- 
 ner, from whirl.] 
 1. To throw with violence ; to drive impe- 
 tuously. 
 
 If heav'ns have any grievous plagues in st, re, 
 O, let tbeui keep it'tilltbv sins be ripe. 
 And then hurl down their Indisnalion 
 On thee! ' Shak. Bich. Til. 
 
 He holds vengeance in his haiid. 
 
 To hurl upon their heads that breaks his law.5Aafc. 
 
 I with luv nails digg'd stones out of the ground. 
 
 To hurl at the beholders of my shame. Shak. 
 
 If be thrust hira of hatred, oi hurl at hm by 
 
 layiuii of wait. Numb. x%xv.^. 
 
 They use both the right hand and the left in 
 
 hurling stoiies. Chron. xii. 2 
 
 Hiiri ink and wit. 
 As madmen stones- Ben Jonson. 
 
 His darling sons, 
 Hurl'd headlong to partake with us, shall curse 
 Tiieir frail original and faded bliss. hiilton. 
 
 She strikes the lute ; but if it sound. 
 Threatens to hurl it on tbe siround. Waller. 
 
 Corrupted light of knowledge hnrl'd 
 Sin, death, anO ignorance o'er all the world. 
 
 Denham, 
 Voting Ph;ett>n, 
 From East to Nuitit irregularly hnrl'd, 
 i'iist set himself on tiie, and then the world. Dryrf. 
 
 Conjure hint far to drive the Grecian train. 
 And hurl them headlong to tlic fleet and main. 
 
 i''<pe, 
 ■2. To titter with vehemence. [Hurler, 
 Fr. ti) make an howlincr or hideous 
 noise ] This sense is not in use. 
 
 The glad merchant that does view 
 His shin far come from walrj wilderness. 
 He hurts out vows. Spat, 
 
 Highly they rag'd against the Highest, 
 /f iir/in^deiiance towards the vaults of heav'n. 
 
 3. To play at a kind of game. 
 
 hurtint; lakeih its denomination from throwing 
 of the ball, and isi»f two sorts j to goals, and ivp the 
 country : for hurling to goals there are f.fiteu of 
 thirty 'players, more or less, chosen out ''n each 
 side, who'strip themselves, and then join handt 
 in tanks, one against another : out of th.>sc nuiks 
 
 92i)
 
 H U R 
 
 ihev matcli themselves by pnlrs, one ernhraciii? 
 «,ioll.er, and 5u pa.sM«ay ; oery of vM.cl. cnupit 
 are to «alcli one anoilier liurJiig this play. Larew. 
 
 Hurl. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 riot ; commotion. 
 
 Tumult 
 
 He in tlic same hurl niurdericig such as ho 
 l'u„i.-lit wuuid withstand his desire, was chosen 
 .. " h voiles 
 
 Hu'rlbat. n.s. [hurl and bat.] Whirl- 
 
 jjgt Ainsworlh. 
 
 Hurler, n. s. [from hurl.] One that 
 
 plays at hurling- 
 
 The hmkTS must hurl roan to man, and not two 
 
 set upon one man at oi.ce. Cm-ew sSvrc. of Cornw. 
 
 HuRLWiND. n.s. [Ami/ and reinrf.] A 
 
 whirlwind; a violent gust. A word 
 
 not in use. 
 
 Like scatter'd down hy howlinc F.urus blown, 
 Bvranid hurUinds fromliis mansion thrown. 
 
 ^ ' bandys 
 
 Hi' RLT 7 «• ^- [from the Fr. hur- 
 
 Hu'RLYBURLY. \ lubrelu inconside- 
 rately.] Tumult; commotion : bustle. 
 
 Winds take the ruffian billows b.v the top, 
 That with the hurlii death itself awakes, bhakesp. 
 
 Poor discontents, 
 
 ■Which gape and rub the elbow at the news 
 
 1 .Of/ii/Hifturiu innovation. Hhakesp 
 
 - JMethinks, I see this hiirlv all on foot. Shaketp. 
 
 All places were tilled with tumult and /.!/>■(«- 
 
 h7,rlii, everv man measured the danser hy his own 
 
 fear ; and such a pitiful cry was m every plice, 
 
 end in cities presently to be besieged. Ano/te. 
 
 Hurricane. } n. s. [huracan. Span, oa- 
 Hu'rricaNO. ij ragnn.Vr.'] A violent 
 
 storm, such as is often experienced m 
 
 the western hemisphere. 
 
 Bl"w winds, and crack your cheeks ! 
 You cataracts, ai.d /li.rictr/ioes, spout ! bhakesp. 
 
 A storui or ftiimrono, though but the force of air, 
 makes a strange havock where it comes, burmt. 
 
 A poet who had a gren'. genius for tragedy, 
 marie every man and woman too in Ins ph.ys 
 stark rasink mad : all was tempestuous and blus- 
 te.ifi"; "heaven and earth were comii-g topther 
 at even word ; a mere hmrkane from the begin- 
 ning to the end. , , D'-i/df"- 
 
 The niiiiislere of state, wlio gave us law. 
 In corners with selected friends withdraw ; 
 Therein deaf murmurs, solemnly are wise, 
 VVhisp'rino like winds, ere hurrkmes arise. Dryd. 
 ■ So, where ouv wide Numidian wastes extend, 
 Sudden tir impetuous humeanes descend. 
 Wheel throunh the air, in circling eddies play. 
 Tear up the sands, and sweey vrhole i.lamsaway. 
 ' Addison. 
 
 Hu'rrier. n. s. [from hurri/.] One that 
 hurries ; a disturber. 
 
 Mars, that horrid fiun-ier of men. Clirq^man. 
 
 To Hu'RRY. 11. ". [lOinjian to plunder, 
 Sax. Iiws was likewise a word used by 
 the old Germans in urging their horses 
 to speed; but seems the imperitive of 
 the verb.] To liasten ; to put into preci- 
 pitation or confusion; to drive con- 
 fusedly. 
 
 Your nobles will not heat you ; but are gone 
 To olTi-r service to your eneuiy ; 
 And wild amazement liumes up ^nd rtnwn 
 The little number <.f your doubtful friends. Shak. 
 
 For whom all this liAste . 
 
 Of Midnight march, and/iurrj/'d meeting here? 
 
 luipetuonslust hurries him on to satisfy h.Soiilh 
 That hurru'd o'er 
 Such swarms of English to the neighb ""e^^|^^^^^ 
 
 A man has not time to subdue his passions, 
 establish his soul in virtue, and come np to tlie 
 perfecti.m of his nature, before he is hurr:ed off 
 the .toRe. ^''*^- 
 
 H U R 
 
 Stay these sudden gusts of passion. 
 That hurru \ ou awa v • Howe's Rnyal Convert. 
 
 If a coun"cil he called, or a battle fought, you 
 are not coldly informed, the reader is hurried out 
 of himself by'the poet's imagination. 
 
 yojie's Preface to the Iliad. 
 
 To Hu'RRY. V. n. To move on with pre- 
 cipitation. 
 
 Did vou hut know what joys your way atteiid, 
 You would nut hurru to your journey's end. Vrij. 
 Hu'RRY. 11. s. [from the verb.] Tumult; 
 precipitation ; commotion. 
 
 hmono all the horrible hurrks in England, Ire- 
 land was'then almost quiet. Hayuard. 
 
 It mi"ht have pleased him in the present heat 
 and lnm-yu(\m rage ; but must have displeased 
 him i.dlnitely in the sedate rcflfctiun. bouth. 
 
 After the violence of the/iuirv and commotion 
 was over, the water came to a state somewhat 
 moreCTilm. , . , , ^}oodlcard. 
 
 Ambilion raises a tumult in th-; soul, it in.lames 
 the mind, and puts into a violent fturry of thought. 
 
 Addi.'ion. 
 
 A Ion" train of coaches and si:^ ran through the 
 heart, one after another, in a very great hurn,. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 I do not include the life of those who are in a 
 perpetual hurry of affairs, but of those who are 
 not alwavs engaged. Addisori. 
 
 The paVement sounds with trampling teet. 
 And the mist hurry barricades the street . 
 
 (jays Iraia. 
 
 Hurst, n. s. [])<vy^, Sax.] A grove or 
 thicket of trees. Aimworth . 
 
 To HURT. V. a. preter. / hurt ; part. pass. 
 I /wee hurt. [JiyiTc wounded, Sax. luur- 
 ter to strike, Fr.] 
 1. To mischief; to harai. 
 
 He that overcoiueth shall not be hvH of the se- 
 cond death. , Revelations. 
 
 Virtue may he assail'd, but never huH: 
 Surpriz'd by" unjust force, but noreiithrall d. Milt. 
 
 The Adonis o'f the sea is so calle.l, bec-iuse it is 
 a loving and innocent fish, that /mrts nothing that 
 has life " °"""- 
 
 •2. To wound ; to pain by some bodily 
 
 hann. . 
 
 Mv heart is turn'd to stone : I strike it, and it 
 /liirtsmvhand. Shah. Othello. 
 
 It breeds contempt 
 For herds to listen, or presume to pry. 
 When the hurt lion groans within Ins den. Uryd. 
 3. To damage ; to impair. 
 
 See thou hurl not the oil and wine. Revelations. 
 
 Hurt. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Harm ; mischief. 
 
 The hurt thereby is greater than the good..S;)en. 
 
 I have slain a man to ray hurl. genesis. 
 
 I found it stand there uncorrected, as if there 
 
 had been no hurt done. Baker on Learning. 
 
 2. Wound or bruise. 
 
 Whore is he wounded? 
 —There will be large cicatrices to shew the peo- 
 ple : he received seVeii hurts i' th' body. 
 ■^ Shahesp. Conolanns. 
 
 Ca'ter adventured bravely, and recehed tivo 
 great fturts in his body. Hayward. 
 
 The pains of sickness and hurts, hunger, thirst 
 and cold, all men feel. i^"'"- 
 
 In arms and science 'tis the same. 
 Our rival's hurts create our fame. 1 rior. 
 
 :J. Iniury ; wrong. 
 
 Why should damage grow to \he hurt of the 
 
 Kina? 
 
 HuRTER. 71. s. [£romhurt.] One that 
 does harm. 
 
 Hu'rtful. adj. [hurt a.nd full] Mis- 
 chievous; pernicious. 
 
 Secret neglect of our duty is but only our 
 
 own hurt: one man's contempt of the common 
 
 nraver of the church of God may be most Imrttiil 
 
 ' •' ™j„,r Hooker. 
 
 unto many. 
 
 H U S 
 
 The hurtful hazle in the vineyard shun, 
 Nor plant it to receive the setting sun. 
 
 Driidcn's Georgicfa. 
 
 Hu'rtfully. adv. [from hurtful.] Mis- 
 chievously ; perniciously. 
 Hu'RTFULNESS.7i.S. [from /««■(/«/] Mis- 
 
 chievousness ; perniciousness. 
 To Hu'rtle. v. n. [hcurteur, Fr. urtarr, 
 Ital.] To clash ; to skirmish ; to run 
 against any thing; to jostle ; to meet in 
 shock and encounter. Haiimer. 
 
 The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shahetp. 
 Kindness 
 Wade him five battle to the lioness. 
 Who quickly fell bef.,re him ; in which hurtling. 
 From mis-crablc slumber 1 awak'd. 
 
 Shukesji. As you like H. 
 
 To Hu'rtle. v. a. To move with vio- 
 lence or impetuosity. This isprobablj 
 the original of hurl. Obsolete. 
 
 Hts harmful club he 'gan to hurtle high. 
 And threaten bailie to the fairy knight. Fairy Q. 
 
 Hu'rtleBerry. ?i. s. [hiort bar, Dan.] 
 
 Bilberry; baccn vith idirce. 
 Hu'rtless. adj. [from hurl.] 
 
 1, Innocent; harmless; innoxious; doing 
 
 no harm. 
 
 Unto her home he oft would go. 
 Where bold and hurlkss many a play he tries. 
 
 Her parents liking well it s'honid be so ; 
 For simple gooilness sinned in his eyes. Sidney. 
 
 She jov'd to make proof of her cruelly 
 On r.eiitfe dame, so hnrlless and so true. Fairy Q. 
 
 Shorter ev'ry casp he takes. 
 And vain efforts and hurtless blows he makes. 
 
 Dryden's JEneid. 
 
 2. Receiving no hurt. 
 HuRTLESSLY.flrfr. [fi'om /iaW/fM.] With- 
 out harm. 
 
 Your iici2hbours have found you so hurtltssH 
 strong, that-lhey th ught it better to rest in your 
 friendship than make new trial of your enmity. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 HuRTLESSNESS. n.s. [from hurfless.} 
 Freedom from any pernicious quality. 
 
 HU SBAND. n.s. [hossband master, Dan. 
 from hnu-ie and botida, Runick, a master.] 
 
 r. The correlative to wife; a man married 
 
 to a W'Oman . 
 
 Thy hushand is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, 
 Thv iiead, thy sovereign. Shak. Tarn, of the Shrtu: 
 
 Why, woiuan, vour hushund is in his old lunes, 
 a"ain^ lie so takes on yonder with my husband, 
 and SI) rails against aH married mankind. SImk. 
 
 This careful hushand had been long away. 
 Whom his chaste wife and little children moum. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The contract and ceremony of marriage is the 
 occasion of the denominatioii of relation of hus- 
 hand. . ^'"■ 
 •2. The male of animals. 
 
 Ev'n Ihouali a snowy ram thou shalt behold. 
 Prefer him not in haste, for husband lo thy folt). 
 
 Di^derj. 
 
 3. An OEConomist ; a man that knows and 
 practises tlie methods of trugalily and 
 profit. Its signification is always modi- 
 fied by some epithet implying bad or 
 
 good. 
 
 Edward I. shewed himself a right good hasbttnil ; 
 owner of a lordship ill husbanded. Uavies on hii. 
 
 I was considering the shortness of bfe.and what 
 ill husbands we are of so tender a fortune. Lotlicr. 
 
 4. A tiller of the ground ; a farmer. 
 Husband's work is laborious and UaTd.Hub.Tafe. 
 I heard a creat husband say that it was a ctim- 
 
 mon error to think that chalk hel[-.eth i^rahlt 
 grouiius. 
 
 924
 
 II u s 
 
 In tliose fields 
 The painful hus'umfl pluwliig up his ground, _ 
 Shall find all fret with rust, both pikes and shields. 
 
 Hake wilt. 
 
 If conlinu'd rain 
 i'he lab'rins huAhimd m his house restrain, 
 Let hiin forecast his work. Driideu's (kor<^ich. 
 
 To Hu'sBAND. v.a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To supply -svith nn husband. 
 
 Think \ on I am no stronger lh;m my sex, 
 Being so'fdther'd and so hiishajidcd? Shakesp. 
 
 If _V»n shall prove 
 This ring was ever'her's, you shall as easy 
 Prove that I hushnnded her bed in Florence, 
 Where 3et she liever was. Shakesp. 
 
 In my riiilit, 
 Bv meiiivesteH, he compters the best. 
 —That were the most, if lie should hmband you. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. To tnanas^e Avith frugality. 
 
 It will be pastime passing excellent, 
 if it be husbanded with modesty. Shakesp. 
 
 The Frenclj, wist-ly husbanding the possession of 
 a victory, kept themselves within their Irenchpi^. 
 Bacon s Hen. VII. 
 
 If tliou be master-gunner, spend not all 
 That th:'U canst speak at once ; but hmband it, 
 And give men turns of speech. Herbert. 
 
 3. To till ; to cultivate the ground with 
 proper management. 
 
 A fanner cannot Aiu&tmd his ground, if he sits 
 at a great vent. Bacon. 
 
 Hu'sB.ANDLESS. adj. [from husband.] 
 Without an husband. 
 
 A widow Jinshandless, subject to fears; 
 A woman, naturally born to fears. Shakesji. 
 
 Hu'sBANDLY. odj, [from husband.] Fru- 
 gal ; thrifty. 
 
 Bare plots full of galls, if ye plow overthwart ; 
 And Cduipass it then, is a husbandly part. Tusf^r. 
 
 Hu'sEANDMAN. w. s. [husband and man.] 
 One who works in tillage. 
 
 This Davy serves you fur good uses j he Is your 
 serviiigman, and 3'our husbandman. Shakesp. 
 
 The mule being more swift in his labour than 
 the ox, more gruuud was allowed to the nude by 
 the hisbandtnan. B)-oome. 
 
 Hu'sBANDRY. n. s. [from husband.] 
 
 1. Tillage ; manner of cultivating land. 
 
 He began with a wild method to run over all 
 the art of husbandry, especially employing his 
 tongue about well dunging of afield. Sidney. 
 
 Ask'd if in husbandry he ought did know, 
 To plougli, to plant, Id reap, to sow. Hub. Tale. 
 
 Husba7idry supplieth all things necessary for 
 food. Spenser. 
 
 Peace hath from France too long been chas'd ; 
 And all her husbandry doth lie on neaps. 
 Corrupting in its nwn fertilit}'. Shak. Hen. V. 
 
 Her plenteous womb 
 Expresseth its full tilth a.nd husbandru. Shakesp 
 
 1 he seeds of virtue may, by the husbandry of 
 Christian counsel, produce better fruit than the 
 strength of self-nature. Raleigh. 
 
 Husbnndrij the Spaniards wanting in the valleys 
 of Mexico, Could not make our wheat bear seed. 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 A family governed with order will fall natura!l\ 
 to the several trades of husbanjiry, tillage, ai\'d 
 past urage. Temple. 
 
 Let any one consider the dJlTerence between an 
 acre i>f land sown with wheat, and an acre of the 
 same land lying without any husbandry upon it, 
 and he "ill find that the improvement of labour 
 makes the value. Locke. 
 
 2, Thrift ; fruirality ; parsimony. 
 
 There's hush.nulry'm heaven; 
 The candles are all out. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 You have already saved several millions to the 
 publick, and that what we ask is too inconsider- 
 able to break into any rules of the strictest good 
 husbandry. Swift. 
 
 3 Care of domestick affairs. 
 
 Lorenzo, I commit into your hands 
 The husbandry and manage of 1113' house. Shak. 
 
 H U S 
 
 HUSH, hitcrj. [Without etymology.] 
 
 Silence ! be still ! no noi^e ! 
 
 The king halh done you wrong; but hush! '(is 
 
 so. Shak. 
 
 There's something else to do ; hush and be mute. 
 
 Or else our spell is marr'd. Shak. Tempest. 
 
 Hvsn. adj. [from tlie interjection.] Still; 
 silent; quiet. 
 
 As we often see, against some storm, 
 A silence in the heav ns, the rack stand still, 
 The bold winds speechless, and the orb behiw 
 As hush as death, Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 To Hush. r. h. [from the interjection.] 
 To be still ; to be silent. 
 
 This frown'd that fawn'd, the third for shame 
 did blush ; 
 Another seemed envious or coy ; 
 Another in her teeth did gnaw a rush ; 
 But at tiiese strangers presence every one did hush. 
 
 SpcnstT. 
 
 To Hush. r. a. To still; to silence; to 
 quiet ; to appease. 
 
 Yet can I not of such tame patience boast. 
 As to be husht, and nouglit at all to say. Shak. 
 
 It wa'* my breath that blew tiiis tempest up. 
 Upon vour stubborn usage of the pope ; 
 But since you are a p,entre convertite, 
 j\ly tongue shall hush acain this storm of war. 
 And make fair weather In our blust'ring land. 
 
 Shak. 
 Speak softly ; 
 All's husht as midnight yet. Shak. Tempest. 
 
 JMy luve wuuld speak ; my duty /iks/ics me. Shak. 
 AV'hen in a bed of straw we shrink togeliier, 
 And the bleak winds shall whistle round our heads. 
 Wilt thou then talk thus to me? Wilt thou then 
 Hush my cares thus, and shelter rae with love ? 
 
 OtwaU' 
 Hush'd as midnight silence go ; 
 He will not have your acclamations now. Dryd. 
 
 Her sire at length is kind. 
 Calms every storm, aud hushes ev'r3- wind ; 
 Prepares his empire for his daughter's ease. 
 And for his hatching nephews smooths the seas. 
 
 Dry den. 
 The court was hushed, and a whisper ran. Addis. 
 
 To Hush up, v. a. To suppress in si- 
 lence ; to forbid to be mentioned. 
 
 This matter is hushed itp, and the servants are 
 forbid to talk of it. Pope. 
 
 Hu'sHMONEY. n. s. [hush and monej/.] 
 A bribe to hinder information; pay to 
 secure silence. 
 
 A dext'rous steward, wlien his trtcks are found, 
 H ush money send fi to all the neiglibours round ; 
 His master, unsuspicious of his pranks, 
 Pays all tlie cost, 'and gives the villain thanks. 
 
 Suift. 
 
 HUSK. n. s. [hufdschjDat. or huj/scken, 
 
 from huj/s.] The outmost integument 
 of fruits. 
 
 Do but behold yon poor and starved hand, 
 And your fair shew sliall suck away their souls, 
 Leaving them but the sales and /(»s/c5 of men. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Most seeds, in their growing, leave their /iwX-5 
 
 or rind about the root. Bacons Kat. Hist. 
 
 Thy food sliall be 
 Tlio fresh brook mussels, withered roots, and husks 
 \\ lierein the acorn cradled. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Fruits of all kinds, in coat 
 Rough or smootii rind, or bearded husks, or shell 
 She gathers ; tribute large! and on the board 
 Heaps with unsparin^; hand. Milton. 
 
 Some steep their seeds, and some in cauldrons 
 boil 
 O'er gentle fires; the exuberant juice to drain. 
 And swell ilie flatt'ringAusfcs with fruitful grain. 
 
 Drydcn. 
 Some when the press 
 Has drain'd the pulpnus mass, regale their swine 
 Willi the dry refuse : thou, more wise, shall steep 
 The husks in water, and again employ 
 The pund'rous engine. Philips. 
 
 II U Z 
 
 Barlcv fnr ptisan was first steeped in water till 
 it swt'llc(i ; jifterwards dried in trie sun, then beat 
 till the husk was taken olf, and erimnd. 
 
 Arbitihnot on Cinm. 
 
 Do not content yourselves wi.Ii nrrrc wurdii, 
 lestvou feed upon liuih instead of kernels. Watts. 
 
 To Husk. i-. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 strip off the outward integument. 
 Hu'sKEU. a((j. [from/iw.s/,-.] Bearing an 
 
 husk ; covered with a husk. 
 IIu'sKY. adj. [from husk.] Abounding 
 in husks ; Consisting of husks. 
 Most iiavc found 
 A husk^ harvest from the grudging Ktound. 
 
 liryden't Virfli. 
 Witli tiriiely care 
 Shave the goat's shat^L'^- heard, lest Ihou too late 
 In vain shuuld'st seek a strainer, to dispart 
 'I'he htishtj lerrcne drcj;s from purer must. VhiUii'i, 
 
 Hussy, n.s. [corrupted from hoiiscwijc : 
 taken in an ill sense.] A sorry ora bad 
 woman ; a worthless wench. It is often 
 used ludicrously in slight disapproba- 
 tion. 
 
 Get you in, hussy, go : now will I personate this 
 Iiopeful young jade. .Sinitheni^s Innocent Adui. 
 
 Hu'STiNGS. 71. s. [Jiuj-Ting, Sax.] A 
 
 council ; a court held. 
 To Hu'STLE. V. a. [perhaps corrupted from 
 
 httitle.] To shako together in confusion. 
 Huswife, n.s. [corrupted from Aouif- 
 
 U'ije.] 
 
 1. A bad manager ; a sorry woman. It is 
 common to use koitsarife in a good, and 
 hussivife or hussy in a bad sense. 
 
 Bianca, 
 A htisv'ife, that, by selling her desires. 
 Buys herself bread and eloih. Shakesp. OtheOb. 
 
 2. An oecotiomist ; a thrifty woman. 
 
 Why should yi-u want? 
 The bonntcuus hitmife, Xaiure, on cacli bush 
 Lays her fulness before you. Shakcsj}. 
 
 To H vs'wiFE. 1'. a. [from the noun.] To 
 manage with occonomy and frugality. 
 
 But husiiijing the little Heav'n had lent, 
 Slie duly paid a groat for quarter-rerrt ; 
 And piiich'd her belly, willi lier daughters two. 
 To bring tlie year about with much ado. Dryd. 
 
 Hu'swiFERY. n. s. [from huswi/i:] 
 
 1. Management good or bad. 
 
 Good hustvifeyit trieth 
 To rise with the cock ; 
 III hitsuiferij lyetli 
 Till nine of the clock. riuser. 
 
 2. Management of rural business com- 
 mitted to women. 
 
 If cheeses in dairie have Argus his eyes. 
 Tell Cisley the fault in her Inisuil'erii lies Tasser. 
 
 Hut. ji. s. [Ipuzzt, Sax. hute, Fr.] A 
 poor cottage. 
 
 Our wand'ring saints, in woful state. 
 To a small cottage came at last, 
 Where dwelt a good old honest yeoman, 
 Who kindly did these saints inv^ite 
 In his poor/frri to pass the night. Slijfi. 
 
 Sore perc'd by wintry wind. 
 How many shrink into the sordid hut 
 Of cheerless poverty I Ttiomspii. 
 
 Hutch, n. s. [fpaecca. Sax. huche, Fr.] 
 A corn chest. 
 
 The best way to keep tliein afler they are 
 thresiied, is to dry theiii well, and keep them in 
 liittches. or cli'se casks. Mortimer. 
 
 To Huzz. v.H. [from the sound.] To 
 buzz ; to niuniuir. 
 
 IIl'zz.a'. interj. \ shout; a cry of ac- 
 clamation. 
 
 The huzzas of the rahble are the same to a bear 
 that tliey are to a prince. L'}.strange. 
 
 i)-2b
 
 H Y D 
 
 Ydu keep a parcel of roaring hullies about me 
 day and niyht ; huzsas and hunting-h(>n.« never 
 let me cool. Arbuthnot. 
 
 All fame ii foreign, butof true desert ; 
 Plays round the head, but comes iiottotbe heart: 
 One self-approving bcmr wliole ^ears outweiglis 
 Ot stupid slarcrs and of loud huz'ois. I'ope. 
 
 To Huzza', r. n. [from the interjection.] 
 To utter acclamation. 
 
 A caldron of fat beef, and stoop of ale, 
 On the hulzaing mob shall still prevail. 
 
 King's Cookeri). 
 
 To Huzza', v. a. To receive with accla- 
 mation. 
 
 He was huzzaed into tl;e court bj several thou- 
 sands of weavers and clothiers. Aditison. 
 
 Hy'acinth. n.s. \ia.%K^^; hyacinthe, 
 Fr. hyacinthus, Lat.] 
 
 1. A flower. 
 
 It hatli a bulbous rout: the leaves are long and 
 narrow : the stalk is upright and naked, the fluwers 
 growing on the upper part in a spike : the flowers 
 consist each of one leaf, are naked, tubulose, and 
 cut into six divisions at the brim, which are re- 
 flexed : the ovar.v becomes a roundish fruit with 
 thi-ee angles, which is divided into three cells, 
 which are tilled with roundish seeds. Miller. 
 
 The silken fleece impurpl'd for the loora,^ 
 Rival'd the hmc'nth in vernal bloom. Pnpe's Odv- 
 
 2. The liy (ninth is the same w ith the /«/yi« 
 li/ncuriiis of the ancients. It is a less 
 shewy gem than any of the other red 
 ones. It is stklom smaller than a seed 
 of hemp, or larger than a nutmeg. It is 
 found of various degrees of deepness and 
 paleness; but its colour is always a 
 deadish red, with a considerable admix- 
 ture of yellow ; its most usual is that 
 mixed red and yellow, which we know 
 by the name of flame-colour./Zi// on Fos. 
 
 Hyaci'nthine. arlj. [iauIvSii®'.] Made 
 
 of hyacinths ; resembling hyacinths. 
 Hy'ades. ) n. s. [vahi;.] A watry con- 
 Hy'adS. ^ stellation. 
 
 Then sailors quarter'd heav'n, and found a name 
 
 For ev'ry ti.x'd and ev'r_y wand'ring star ; 
 
 The plei'ails, hyads. Diyden's Georgichs. 
 
 Hy'aline. u(IJ. [laMy®-.] (ilassy ; crys 
 
 talline ; made glass; resembling glass. 
 From heav'n-gate not far, fnundcd in »iew 
 
 On the clear hyuUne, the glassy sea. Miltm. 
 
 Hy'bridous. adj. [iS^ir, lnjbrida. Lat.] 
 Begotten between animals of different 
 
 species. 
 
 Why such dilTerenl species should not oid^' 
 iniiii;le together, hut also generate an animal, and 
 yet That that hybriflous production should not again 
 generaie, is to uie a mystery. liiiu- 
 
 Hyda'tides n. s. [from iX^.] Little 
 transparentbladdersof water in any part; 
 most common in dropsical persons, froiii 
 a distension or rupture of the lymphc- 
 ducts. Quincy. 
 
 Ah the water is cont.iined in little bladders, 
 adiierrng to the liver and peritoneum, known \>\ 
 the iKinic of hifdutiJes. I! isemmt. 
 
 IIy'dra. n. s. [hydra Lat.] A monster 
 with many heads slain by Hercules: 
 whence any multiplicity of evils is 
 tenned a hydra. 
 
 New rebellions raise 
 Their hiidra heads, and the false North displays 
 Her broken league to imp her serpent wings. lililt. 
 
 More formidable hudra stands within. 
 Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin. Dryd. 
 
 Sutrdue 
 The hydrauUhe many-headed hissing crew. Dryd, 
 
 H Y D 
 
 Hy'draTtOGUES. n.s. [ilJm^ andayoi; fiy- 
 dragogiue, Fr.] Such medicines as occa- 
 sion the discharge of watery humours, 
 which is generally the case of the 
 stronger catharticks, because they shake 
 most forcibly the bowels and their ap- 
 pendages. Quincy. 
 Hydrau'lical. 7 adj. [fromhydruul ick.] 
 Hydrau'lick. ) Relating to the con- 
 veyance of water through pipes. 
 
 Among the engines in which the air is usefrjl, 
 puuips may be accounted, and other hydraHlicuL 
 engines. Derhum, 
 
 U'e have emplo^vftd a virtuoso to make an hij- 
 draitlick engine, in which a chymical liquor, re- 
 sembling blood, is driven through elaslick chan- 
 nels. ArhuUuiot und Pope. 
 
 HYDRAU'LICKS. n.s. [^Ji.^ water, and 
 «f^'^- a pipe.] The science of convey- 
 water through pipes or conduits. 
 
 HydROCE'le. n.s. [vi^oxri>Cy!; hydrocele, 
 Fr.] A watery rupture. 
 
 HydROCe'PHALUS. n.«. [i/'JaijandxtipaXi.] 
 A dropsy in the head. , 
 
 A }njdroct'phatu.<>, or drojisy of the head, is only 
 incurable when ihe serum is e.\travasated into the 
 ventricles of the brain. ArhtLthnnt an Diet. 
 
 HyDKOGK.APHER. n. S. [i^a^ and y^i.^u ; 
 
 hi/drogrtiphe, Fr.] One wlio draws 
 
 maps of the sea. 
 It may be drawn from the writings of our hji- 
 
 d^vi^rupher. Bi>yle. 
 
 HyDRO'GRAPHY. n.s. [Mw^ and y^apu ; 
 
 hydrographic, Fr.] Description of the 
 
 watery part of the terraqueous globe. 
 Hy'DROMANCY. n.s. [ti^'^and (jLan'm; hy- 
 
 dromanfie, Fr.] Prediction by water. 
 
 Divination was invented hy the Persians ; there 
 are fimr kinds of divination; hudromancy, |]yro- 
 maiicy, aeromancy, and geomancy. Aylijic. 
 
 Hy'dromel. n.s. [ioW^ and /.ce'Ai ; Aj/^/ro- 
 mel, Fr.] Honey and water. 
 
 Htjdromei is a drink prepared of honey, being 
 one of the most pleasant and universal drinks the 
 northern part t»f Europe atlorils, as well as one of 
 the most ancient. Mortimer. 
 
 In fevers the aliments prescribed by Hippo- 
 crates were ptisans and cieani of b.uley : hyuronul, 
 that is, honey and water, «hen tbtre was no ten- 
 dency to a delirium. Arliuthnol. 
 
 Hydro'meter. n.s. [v^u^ and fih^oii.] 
 An instrument to measure the extent or 
 profundity of water. 
 
 Hydro'metry. n.s. [ij^uf ani\ f^ir^ov.] 
 Tlie act of measuring the extent of water. 
 
 Hydrophobia, n. s. [iS^o<po0lot.; hydro- 
 phobic, Fr.] Dread of water. 
 
 Anioi.g tiinse dismal symptoms that follow the 
 bite of a m.id di'g, the hydrophobia, or dread of 
 water, is the must remarkable. Quincy. 
 
 Hydro'pical. )«<//. [t Jgowixo? ; hydro- 
 HydRO'pick. J pique, Fr. from hy- 
 drops, Lilt.] 
 I. Dropsical; diseased with extravasated 
 water. 
 
 Cantharides heat the watry parts of the body ; 
 as urine, and /(ur/i-i'u/iirn/ water. Bacon's Kat. Hist. 
 
 The world's whole sap is sunk : 
 The general balm tlr' hydrojnck earth hath drunk. 
 
 Donne. 
 
 Hi/dropical swellings, if they be pure, are pel- 
 lutid. Wiseman. 
 
 Hydnrpick wretches by degrees decay, 
 Grovviiiii tlic more, the more they waste away ; 
 Bv their own ruins they augmented iye, 
 VVitli thirst and heat aiuidst a deluge fry. Blackm, 
 
 II Y M 
 
 One sort of remedy, he uses in dropsies, the 
 water of On- hydri'picks. ATbuthnot. 
 
 2. Resembling dropsy. 
 
 Some men's hi^dropick iiisatlableress learned to 
 tliiist the more, by how mucli moce they drarik. 
 
 hiti^ Charlci. 
 
 Ever}- Iii^tis akind of fiyrfro;)jV/idisleni|'cr, acid 
 
 tlic more wp drink theniore «e shall tliirst. Tillots. 
 
 HYDROSFA'TICAL. adj. [iS^^ and 
 rartxr,.] Relating to hydrostaticks ; 
 taught by hydrostaticks. 
 
 A lunnaii body forming in sucbafluid, will never 
 be leconeileahfc to this hydrostatical law ; there 
 will be always something lighter beneath, and 
 soiueihini: heavier above; because bone, the hea- 
 viest in specie will be ever in the luidst. Bcntley. 
 
 HydROSTa'TICALLY. adv. [from hydro- 
 static(!l?\ According to hydrostaticks. 
 
 The weight (jf all bodies around the earth is 
 ever proportional to the quantity of tlieir matter; 
 fir instance, a pound weight, examined hudrosta- 
 ticatly. doth alv\ays contain an equal qu.intily of 
 solid mass Bentlt). 
 
 (Iydrosta'ticks. n. s. [I'Jisj- and ranxw; 
 hydrostaiique, Fr.] 'Ihe science of 
 weighing fluids; weighing bodies in 
 fluids. 
 
 IIydro'ticx. n.s. [i^u^; hydrolique, 
 Fr] Purgcr of water or plijegiii. 
 
 He seems to have been the fi.st who divided 
 pur^'Cs into hydroticks and purges of bile. Arfnith. 
 
 ] 
 
 IIyen. 7 "• *• [hytne, Fr. hyaua. Lat. 
 Hye'na.J An animal like a wolf, sail 
 fabulously to imitate human voices. 
 
 I will «eep when you are disposed to be nierry ; 
 I will laugh like a hycn, when you are itrclined to 
 sleep. ahakesp. 
 
 A wonder more amazing would we find ; 
 The Ayena shews it, of a double kind ; 
 Varying the sexes in aliernate \eHrs, 
 In one begets, and in another hears. Driid. Fables, 
 
 The hyena was indeed well juined with tire 
 bever, as having also a bag in lb' se parts, if 
 thereby we understand the hyena odoratn, or civet 
 cat. Brou-n's Vnlg Err. 
 
 The keen hyena, fellestof the lell. J homson. 
 
 Hygro'mf.ter. U.S. [iyfhc and ^et^iw ; 
 hygronich'c, Fr.] An instrument to 
 measure the degrees of moi^tm-e. 
 
 A sj.ionge, perhaps, might be a better hiigrome- 
 ttr than the earth of the river. Arbnth. on Air. 
 
 Hy'groscopE. n.s. [iy^^ am] (^xomu; 
 hygrnscope, Fr ] An instrument to 
 shew the moisture and dryness of the air, 
 and to measure and estimate the quantity 
 of either extreme. Quincy. 
 
 IMoisture in the air is discovered by liygii^scirpes. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Hyla'rchical. adj. [tl^ij and af%»i.] Pre- 
 siding over matter. 
 
 Hym. n. s. A species of dog ; unless it is 
 by mistake for Lym. 
 
 Avaunt, you curs 
 Mastiff, greyhound, luiingril grim, 
 Hound or spaniel, braiiclie or hym ; 
 Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail, 
 'I'rmi will make him weep and wail. Shakesp. 
 
 Hy'men. n.s. [vfj^nt.] 
 
 1 . 'Fhe god of marriage. 
 
 2. The virginal membrane. 
 Hymeneal. 7 n. s. [if/.s'rai©-.] A mar- 
 HymeneAN. ) riage song. 
 
 And heav'niy choirs the hymenean sung. Milton. 
 For her the sjiouse j)repares the bridal ring; 
 For her white virgiirs hijincncals sing. Pope. 
 
 Hymene'al. ]adj. Pertaining to mar- 
 Hymene'an. J riage. 
 
 The suitors heard, and deem'd the mirthful voice 
 A signal of lier hymeneal choice. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 92S
 
 HYP 
 
 Hymn. n. s. [hpmne, Fr. Jfi»9>-.] An en 
 comiastick sons, or song of adoration 
 to some superiour being. 
 
 As I earst in the praise of mine own dame. 
 So now in honour of th^' raoihor dear, 
 An honnurable/ii/mn lel^e should frame. Spenser. 
 
 Our sulenin hymns to sullen dirges change ; 
 Our bridai flow'rs serve fur a buried coarse. Shak. 
 
 When steel grows 
 Soft as a parasite's silii, let Aypnnsbe made 
 An uvertnre for the «ars. Shakesp Carioltmus. 
 
 The*e is an humn sung; but the subject of it is 
 alwajrs the praises of Adam, and Noah and Abra- 
 ham," concluding ever with a thanksgiving f-T the 
 nativity of our .Saviour. Bacon, 
 
 Farewei, vou iiappy shades, 
 Where angels first shu'uld practise fit/mn5,and string 
 Their tuneful harps, w hen ilic^* to Heaven would 
 sing. Dryden. 
 
 To Hymn. v. a. [ipnV.] To praise in 
 song; to worship with hj-mn.s. 
 
 Whose business were to serve the Lord 
 High up in heav'n, with songs to hymn his throne, 
 
 Milton 
 
 ToHYMN.t'.n. To sing songs of adoration . 
 lliey toucli'd their golden harps, and htpnjiing 
 prais'd 
 God and his works. MUton. 
 
 He had not left alive this patient saint, 
 This anvil of atFronIs, tut sent him hence. 
 To hold a peaceful branch of palm above. 
 And hymn it in the quire. Drydens Spanish Friar. 
 Hy'mnick. adj. [ifit^.] Relating to 
 nyms. 
 
 He rounds the air, and breaks the hymrnck notes 
 In birds, heav'n's choristers, or^anick throats; 
 W'hich, if they did not die, miglit seem to be 
 A tenth rank in the heavenly hiearclty. Donne. 
 To Hyp. i: a. [barbarously contracted 
 from /ii/poc/iondriack.] To make me- 
 lancholy ; to dispirit. 
 I have been to the last degree hypped since I 
 saw you. Spectator. 
 
 Hy'PALLAGE. 7J. s. [iroXAay?!.] A figm-e 
 by which words change their cases with 
 each other.- 
 Hyper, n.s. [A word barbarously cur- 
 tailed by Prior from hi/pcrtrilick.^ A 
 hypercritick ; one more critical than ne- 
 cessity requires. Prior did not know 
 the meaning of the word. 
 Criiicks 1 read on other men. 
 And hi/pers upon them asain. Prior. 
 
 HYPERBOLA, n. s. [hyperhoh, Fr. i-,r,^ 
 and /SoAXi;.] In geometry, a section of 
 a cone made by a plane, so that the axis 
 of the section inclines to the opposite 
 leg of ihe cone, which in the parabola is 
 parallel to it, and in the ellipsis inter- 
 sects it. The axis of the hj-perbolical 
 section will meet also with the opposite 
 side of the cone, when produced above 
 the vertex. Harris. 
 
 H id the velocities of the several planets been 
 greater or less than they are, or had their distances 
 from the sun, or the quantity of the sun's matter, 
 and consequently his attractive power been greater 
 or less than the'y are now, with the same veloci- 
 ties, they would not have revolved in concentrick 
 circles, but have moved i]i hyperbolas verv eccen- 
 t"ck. " 'Bentiev 
 
 Hyperbole, n.s. [/n/perboh, Fr. ivt^ 
 ^oAi!.] A figure in rhetorick by which 
 any thing is encreased or diminished 
 beyond the exact truth; as, he runs 
 faster than lightning. His possessions 
 are J alien to dust. He was so gaunt, 
 the case oj ajlagellct was a mansion for 
 him. Shakesp, 
 
 HYP 
 
 Terms unsquar'd 
 \\ hich, from the tonctic uf roaring Typlmn dropl, 
 \\ (luld seem hyperboles. Shak. Troilus and Crcssida. 
 
 TalTaia plira^e?. ^ilkell terms precise, 
 Three pil'd hyperhoUt, spruce atfeciatiun. 
 Figures pedaiitical, these Summer flies. 
 Have bluwii me full of maggot ustentation. Shak. 
 They wt-re ahove the huperboles, that fond poe- 
 try- bestows upon its admired objects. GlanviUe* 
 
 Hyperboles, so daring and so bulil, 
 Disdaining bounds, are jet bv rules cuntrol'd ; 
 Above the clouds, but yet within i>ur sight, 
 They mount with truth, and make a t>w*rine 
 flight. Crauville. 
 
 The common people understand raillery, or at 
 least rheturick, and will nut take hyperboles in too 
 literal a sense. " Siciji. 
 
 Hx¥ERBOh\CAh,\ndj.[hifperboligi/e.rr. 
 HvPERBOLiCK. j from hyperboia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Belonging to the Iiyperbola ; having the 
 nature of an hyperbola. 
 
 Cancellated in the middle with <^quares. with 
 
 triangles before, and behind with huperbolick Vines. 
 
 Greu*5 yiuiaum. 
 
 The homy or pelluci<! coat of the eye riseih up, 
 as a hillock, abuve the convexity of'the while of 
 the eye, and is of an hvperbolical or a parabolicij 
 fi.iitire. ' Hau on the CreatUm. 
 
 2. [From hi/perbole.'] Exaggerating or 
 extenuatincr beyond fact. 
 
 It is parabolical, and pmbably hyperbolical . and 
 therefore not to be taken in a strict sense. iSoyle. 
 
 Hyperbo'lically. adv, rfrora hyptrbo- 
 lical.) ^ ^^ 
 
 1 . In form of an hyperbola. 
 
 2. With exaggeration or extenuation. 
 
 1 et may all be solved, if we take it hyperbt^li- 
 caliy. " Broint. 
 
 Scy l!a is seated upon a narrow mountain, « l.ich 
 thrusts into the sea a steep high rock, and hyper- 
 bolicttUy described bv Homer as inaccessible." 
 
 'Broflme's Notes '.m the Odvssev- 
 
 Hyperbo'lifokm. adv. [ht/ptrbula And 
 forma.] Ha\ing the form, or nearly the 
 form of the hyperbola. 
 
 Hyperborean, n. s. [hi/perborcen, Fr. 
 hyperborius, Lat.] Northern. 
 
 Hypercri'tick. n. s. [hypercritique, 
 Fr. vvi^ and xpTino?.] A critick exact 
 or captious beyond use or reason. 
 
 Those hypercriticks in English poetry differ from 
 the opinion of the Greek and Latin judges, from 
 the Italians and French, and from the general 
 taste of all ages. Vrxiden. 
 
 Hypercritical, adj. [from hypercri- 
 tick.l Critical bej'ond necessity or use. 
 
 \Ve are far from imposing those nice and hvper- 
 criticat punctilios, which some astrologers oljlige 
 our gardeners to. Enlyn. 
 
 _ Such hypercritical readers will consider my bu- 
 siness was t<) make a body of refined savings, 
 only taking care to produce them in the mo'st na- 
 tural manner. Strift. 
 
 Hype'rmeter. U.S. [viri^ and fUTp>}.] 
 Any thing greater than the standard 
 requires. 
 
 \'V hen a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hy- 
 permetert and may be admitted into the fall club. 
 
 Addison. 
 Hy'PERSARCO'SIS. n. S. [tfftjC-a^xwri;, VTTi^ 
 
 and c-a^x^.] Thegrowth of fungous or 
 proud tiesh. 
 
 Where the h upersorcosis was great, I sprinkled 
 it with precipitate, whereby Imore speedily freed 
 the ulcer of its putrefaciiun. ]i isenwn. 
 
 Hy'phen. U.S. [i?".] A note of con- 
 junction ; as, vir-lue, ever-living. 
 
 Hvpno'tick. n.s. [t'Trw?.] Any medi- 
 cine that induces sleep. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRES. n.s. [hypocondre, 
 Fr. in-oj^s'fjj-ioj.] The two regions lying 
 
 HYP 
 
 on each side the cartilago ensiformis, 
 and those of the ribs, and the tip of the 
 breastj which have in one the liver, and 
 in the other the spleen. Quinct/. 
 
 The blood moving loo sjowlv thrfiUj^h ll,e 
 ccliackand me^enterick arteries, produces variout 
 Complaints in llie lower bowels and infpt<h0ndrei ; 
 from whence such persons are called hypi'Chtjn- 
 driack. ArbuthmK. 
 
 Hypochondriacal. \ adj. [hypvcon- 
 Hypochondri'ack. j driaque, Fr. 
 
 from /if/pocondres.] 
 
 1. Melancholy ; disordered in the imagi- 
 nation. 
 
 Socrates laid down his life in attestation of 
 that most fundamental truth, the belief of one 
 God : and yet he's not recorded either as fool ur 
 hyjMchondriuck. Decay 'J Pietu. 
 
 2. Producing melancholy ; having the na- 
 ture of melancholy. 
 
 Cold sweats are many times mortal, and always 
 suspected : as in great fears, and hvpochcndricc<tl 
 passions, being a R'laxaliun or for^kiiig of the 
 spirits. Bacons "Sat Hist. 
 
 IIy'pocist. 11.5. \lvQKiT^<i; hypoci$fe, Fr.] 
 
 Hypocist is an inspissated juice considerably 
 hard and heavy, of a fine shining hUck colour, 
 when broken. The stem of the plant is thick and 
 fleshy : and much thicker at the top ;han towards 
 the bottom. The fruits contain atouifh ghitinous 
 Ijquor. gathered before ihcy are rij>e: the juice is 
 exp;essed, then formed inio cakes. HUt. 
 
 Hypo'crisy, n. s, [hypocrisie, Fr. 
 fciroxpcif.] Dissimulation with regard to 
 the moral or religious c'naractcr. 
 
 Next stood hypocris^j «iili hol\ !e<T, 
 Soft smiling and deinurelv looking down ; 
 But hid the dagger underneath the gown. Dn/tV. 
 
 HypiXTtsy is much more eligible than open m- 
 fideliiy and vice: it wears the livery i>f relipon, 
 and i«; cautious of giving scandal : nay, continueu 
 di*.guises arc loo great a cun>traint : uieu would 
 leave utf their vices, rather than undergo the t».il 
 v( prdclij^ine ihera in private. Stryt. 
 
 HYPOCRITE, n ». [hypocrite, Fr. 
 
 twoicrtTJ:;,] 
 
 1. A dissembler in morality or religion. 
 
 He heartily prays some occasion ma\ detain us 
 longer : I dare swear he is no hypocrite^ but prays 
 from his heart. ' Sliakes^. 
 
 A wise man liateth not the law ; but he thai is 
 an hypvciite therein, is as a ship iu a stunu. 
 
 Eccles. \xxnu3. 
 
 Fair hypocritey you seek to cheat in vain ; 
 Your silence argues, you ask lime to reign. Dryd. 
 
 The making religion necessary to interest might 
 increase hypucrisy ; but if one in twenty should 
 be brought to trutpieiy, and nineteen be only ^j^ 
 pocrites, the advantage would still be greaL Suift. 
 
 2, A dissembler. 
 
 Beware, ye hunest : the third circling glass 
 Suffices virtue ; but may hypocrites. 
 Who stilv speak one thins, another think. 
 Hateful as hell, still pleasM unwaiji'd drink on. 
 And through inlemp'rance grow awhile sincere. 
 
 Phillips. 
 Hypocri'tic AL. \ adj. [from hypocrite.'\ 
 Hypocri'tick. i Dissembling; insin- 
 cere ; appearing differently from the 
 
 reality. 
 
 Xow vou are confessing your enormities: I 
 know it 6y that hypocritical^ down-cast look.Drjjd. 
 
 Whatever virtues may api>ear in him, they wiU 
 be esteemed an hupocrilical imposture on the 
 world; and in his retired pleasures, he will be 
 presumed a libertine. Eogen. 
 
 Let others skrcw their hyp^vritick face. iHt-ift. 
 Hypocri TiCAi.LY. adr. [from hifpocriii- 
 cal.'\ With dissimulation ; without sin- 
 cerity ; falsely. 
 
 Simeon and Levi spake not only falsely, but in- 
 sidiously, nay /ii/piicnticaUi/, abusing at unce iheir 
 proselytes and their religion. Gov. of'the Tongue 
 
 927
 
 HYP 
 
 Hypoga'strick. adj. {hypogastri^ue, 
 Fr. iVo and yarn?.] Seated in the IpWer 
 part of the belly. 
 
 ' 'Tlie swelliritz we supposed to rise from an cflfu- 
 sion of serum through all the hypogastrich arteries. 
 
 Wiseman. 
 
 Hypoge'um. n. s. [t(Vo and y>).] A name 
 which the ancient architects gave to all 
 the parts of a building that were under 
 ground, as cellars and vaults. Han-is. 
 
 HVPOST.\SIS. n. s. [hi/postase, Fr. 
 
 t'TTorao'i?.] 
 
 1. Distinct substance. 
 
 2. Personality. A term used in the doctrine 
 of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 The oneness of our Lord Jesus Christ, referring 
 to the several hiifn^stascs in the one eternal, indivi- 
 sible, divine-nature, and the etcrnitj of the Son's 
 generation, and his co-eternity and consubstan- 
 tiality with the Father, are assertions equivalent 
 to those comprised in the ancient simple article. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 Hybosta'tical. adj. [Iiypostatique, Fr. 
 from hypostasis.] 
 
 1. Constitutive; constituent as distinct 
 ingredients. 
 
 Let our Carneades warn men not to subscribe 
 to the grand doctrine of the chymists, touching 
 their tliree hypostatical principles, till they have a 
 little examined it. Boyle. 
 
 2. Personal ; distinctly personal. 
 
 HYP 
 
 Hypothenu'se. n. s. [hypotenuse, Fr. 
 v's-orhacrcc.] The line that subtends the 
 right angle of a right-angled triangle ; 
 the subtense. 
 
 The square of the hypothenuse in a right-angled 
 triangle, is equal to llie squares of the two other 
 sides. Locke. 
 
 HYPOTHESIS. «. s. [hypofhese, Fr. 
 vTTo^zcn^.] A supposition ; a system 
 formed upon some principle not proved. 
 
 Tlie mind casts and turns it$elf fe^llcssl^ from 
 one thing to amitlier, till al length it brings all the 
 ends ofa long and vaiious hypothesis togellicr ; 
 sees how one part coheres with another, aud so 
 clears off all i)ie appearing contrarities tliat seemed 
 to lie cross, and make the whule unintelligible. 
 
 South. 
 
 With imagin'd sovereignty 
 Lord of iiis new hypothesis he ri igns : 
 He reigns : how long ? till some usurper rise : 
 And he too, mighty thouchtful, mighty wise, 
 Studies new lines, and otner circles feigns. Prior. 
 
 Hypothe'tical. 7 adj. [hj/pothetigue, 
 Hypothe'tick J Fr. from hypothe- 
 sis.^ Including a svipposition ; condi- 
 tional. 
 
 (Z()n<\\\-\o\\<i\i.\\ hypothetical propositions are those 
 whose parts are united by the conditional particle 
 if; as, i/'the sun be fixefi, the earth must move. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Hypothe'tically. adv. [from hifpoth?- 
 ticai] Uoon supposition ; condition- 
 ally. 
 
 H Y S 
 
 The only part liable to imputation is calling her 
 a goddirss : yet tliis Is proposed with modesty and 
 doubt, and hypotheticaUy. BToomc. 
 
 Are all from the Saxon ))yrif r, 
 a wood or grove. Gibson. 
 
 Hyssop, n. s. [hyssope, Fr. hyssopus, Lat.] 
 A verticillate plant. 
 
 It liath been a great dispute, wliether the hys- 
 sop commonly known is the same whicli is men- 
 tioned in Scripture. Miller. 
 
 Tlie hyssop of Solomon cannot be well conceived 
 to be our common hyssop ; for that is not the least 
 of vegetables observed to grow upon walls ; hut 
 rather some kind of capillaries, wliich only grow 
 upon wails and stony places, orotvn. 
 
 Hysterical. \adj. {hysteriouej Fr. 
 
 HySTERICK. j ^rsftxo?.] 
 
 1. Troubled with fitsj disordered in the 
 regions of the womb. 
 
 In hysterich women the rarity of symptoms doth 
 oft strike an astonishment into spfCtaturs, Hai-vey. 
 
 ]VIan3' hysterical women arc .sensible of wind 
 passing fmni the womh. Floyer n/x the Humours. 
 
 2. Proceeding from disorders in the womb. 
 
 Parent of vapours, and of female wit. 
 Who uave i\i' hysterick or poetic fit. ^Vpf- 
 
 This terribU^ hcene made too violent an in)pres- 
 sion upon a woman in her condition, and threw 
 her into a strong liysterick fit. Arbuthttot and Pope. 
 
 Hystericks. 71. s. [iTE^iKos-] Fits of wo- 
 men, supposed to proceed from dis- 
 orders in the womb.' 
 
 I. 
 
 T IS in English considered both as a' 
 
 •^' vowel and consonant ; though, since 
 
 the vowel and consonant differ in their 
 
 form as well as sound, they may be 
 
 more properly accounted two letters. 
 
 / vowel has a long sound, as Jine, 
 thine, which is usually marked with an 
 e final ; and a short sound, as Jin, thin. 
 Prefixed to e it niakes a diplithong of 
 the same sound with the soft ;, or dou- 
 ble e, ee : thm Jiild, yifid, are spoken 
 as fetid, yecld ; except /r/e«</, which is 
 spoken frend. Subjoined to a or e it 
 niakes them long, as fait, neigh ; and 
 to imakes a mingled sound, wliich ap- 
 proaches more nearly to the true notion 
 of a (iiphthong, or sound composed of 
 the sounds of two vowels, than any 
 other combination of vowels in the En- 
 glish language, as oil, coin. The sound 
 ol' (■ before another i, and at the end of 
 a word, is always expressed by y. 
 
 J consonant has invariably tlie same 
 fioiMid with that o(g in gia7if, as jade, 
 jet, jilt, jolt, just. 
 Ij Pronoun personal. \tk, Goth, ic. Sax. 
 ifA, Dut,] 
 
 /, gen. me ; plural tve ; gen. us. 
 ic, me ; pe ; uj-. 
 
 JAB 
 
 1. The pronoun of the first person, myself. 
 
 I do not like these sevens! CttiinciU, l. Shakesp. 
 There is none greater in this house ilian J. 
 
 Gen. xxxix. 9. 
 
 Be of good cheer, it is I; be not afraid. 
 
 Mat. xiv. 27. 
 
 What shall 1 do to he foreverknown, 
 Aud make the age to come my ow[i .' 
 / sImII like beasts or common peo|)le dye. 
 Unless you write my eU-gy. Cnirlep. 
 
 Hence, and mase room for me. Cowliy. 
 
 When chance of business parts lis two, 
 What do our souls, I wonder, di? Coivlcy. 
 
 'I'hus, having pass'd the night in fruitless pain, 
 /to my longing friends return a:;ain, Driid. Mn. 
 
 Of liight imp"atient, we demand the d.fy. 
 The day arrives, and for the night we yt,\y. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 2. Me is in the following passage written 
 for /. 
 
 There is but one man whom she can have, and 
 that is me. _ Clarissa. 
 
 ti. 1 is more than once in Shakespeare 
 written for ay or yes. 
 
 Hath Rimco slain himself = Say tiiou hull. 
 And thai bare vowel, I, shall poison more 
 Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice. Shakesp. 
 
 Did your letters pierce the queen ? 
 — 1, sir; she took 'eai and lead 'cm in my pre- 
 sence, 
 And now and then an ample tear trill'd down. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 To JA'BUEIl V. n. [gahberen, Dut.] To 
 talk idly ; to prate without thinking ; 
 to chatter. 
 
 We scorn, for want of talk, iojahbtr. 
 Of parties. 
 
 Sw'^t. 
 
 J A C 
 
 Ja'bberer n. s. [fromJfliZ/tr.] One who 
 talks inarticulately or nnintelllgiblj!. 
 
 Out-cant tlie Baby Ionian labourers 
 At all their dialect's of /./Wierers. Hiidibras. 
 
 Ja'cent. adj. [jacens, Lat.] Lying at 
 length. 
 
 So laid, I hey ore more apt in swairging dov^n to 
 pierce than in ilie jacent posture. \i'.>ltoii's iichiuct. 
 
 Jacinth. ?i s [for hyacinth, Jeiiisplem 
 for Uiermalem.] 
 
 1. The same with hyacinth. 
 
 •2. A o-em of a deep reddish yellow ap- 
 proaching to a flame colour, or the dee[i- 
 est amber. Woodward. 
 
 J.ACK. n. s. [Probably by mistake from 
 Jaqiics, which in French is James^ 
 
 \. The diminutive of John. Used as a 
 general term of contempt for saucy or 
 
 p.iltry fellows. 
 
 Vou will perceive that a Jack gardant canni.t 
 Oliice me from niy son Coriolanus. Uliakup. 
 
 I have in my mind 
 A thousand raw tricks of these bragging, ;or/!5,_ 
 Which I will practise. Shak. Merck, oj Koi. 
 
 Every Jack slave hath his belly-full of fightnie, 
 and I nnisi co up and down like a cock that no- 
 body can match. . Ukakcsp. 
 
 2. The name of instruments winch supply 
 the place of a boy, as 'an instrument to 
 
 pull off boots. 
 
 foot-boys, who had frequently the common 
 name of Jack given them, were kept to turn the 
 spit, VI to pull otf their masters boots ; but mhcK 
 
 028
 
 J A C 
 
 instruments were invented for boih those services, 
 they were both called /acks. H'alls's Lugkk. 
 
 3, An engine which (urns the spit. 
 
 The exceliei.cics <tf a good jack are, that the 
 jack frame be forged and filed square ; that the 
 wheels be perpendicularly and stroiif^ly fixed on 
 tlie squares of the sphidles ; that the teeth be evenly 
 cut, and well smoothed ; and that the teclh of the 
 worm-wheel fall evenly hito the groove of the 
 worm. Moion. 
 
 The ordinary jacks, used for roasting of nieat, 
 commonly consist but of three wheels. ]\'ilkins. 
 
 A cookmaid, by the fall of a jack weight upon 
 her head, was beaten down. Wiseman's Sitrgerii. 
 
 Some strain in rhyme ; the muses on their racks 
 Scream, like the wiiidiiig of ten thousiuidjac/is. 
 
 fope. 
 
 4. A young pike. 
 No fish will thrive in a pond where roach or 
 
 gudgeons are, t\ce\i{ jacks. MoTtimeT's Husbandry. 
 
 b. [Jacque, Ft.] A coat of mail. 
 
 t'he residue were on foot, well furnished willj 
 jack and skull, pike, dagger, bucklers made of 
 board, and slicing swords, broad, ihin, and of an 
 excellent temper. llayward. 
 
 6. A cup of waxed leather. 
 
 Dead wine, that stinks of the borrachio, sup 
 From a (oai jack, or greasy maple cup. Vryden. 
 
 7. A small bowl thrown out for a mark to 
 the bowlers. 
 
 'Tis as if one should say, that a bowl equally 
 poised, and thrown upon a plain bowling-green, 
 will run necessarily in a direct motion ; but it it be 
 made with a byass, that may decline it a little from 
 a straight line, it may acquire a liberty of will, 
 and so run spontaneously to vhejack. Bentleu. 
 
 8. A part of the musical instrument called 
 a virginal. 
 
 In a virginal, as soon as ever l\ie jack falleth, 
 and toucheth the string, the sound ceaseth. Bacon. 
 Q, The male of animals. 
 
 Ajack ass, for a stallion, was bought for three 
 thousand two hundred and twenty-nine pounds 
 three shillings and four pence. Arbutlnwt on Coins. 
 
 10. A support to saw wood on. Ainsworth. 
 
 1 1. The colour or ensigns of a ship. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 
 12. A cunning fellow who can turn to any 
 tiling, in the following phrase. 
 
 Jack of all trades, show and sound ; 
 An inverse burse, an exchange under ground. 
 
 Cieavcland. 
 
 Jack Boots, n. s. [from jack a coat of 
 mail.] Boots which serve as armour to 
 the legs. 
 
 A man on horseback, in his breeches and jack 
 boots, dressed up in a commode and a night-rail. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 Jack by the hedge, n. s. Erysimum. 
 
 Jack bif the hedge is an herb that grows wild un- 
 der hedf^es, is eaten as other sallads are, and much 
 used in Liioth. Mortimer. 
 
 Jack Pudding, n. s. [jack and pudding.] 
 A zani ; a merry andrew. 
 
 F.veTy jack pudding will be ridiculin" palpable 
 
 weaknesses which they ought to cover. L' Estrange. 
 
 A buff.ioii is called by every nation by the name 
 
 of the dish they like best : in French jcim pottage, 
 
 and in English* juc/c pudding. Guardian. 
 
 Jackpudding, in his party-coloiir'd jacket, 
 Tosses the glove, and jokes at ev'ry packet. Gay. 
 Jack with a Lantern. An ignis j'atuus. 
 Jackale'nt. n. s. [.Jack in Lent, a poor 
 starved fellow.] A simple sheepish 
 fellow. 
 
 You iMhjackatent, have you been true to us ? 
 —Ay, ril be sworn. 
 
 Shakesp. Meiry Wives of Windsor. 
 Jacka'l. n. s. [chacal, Fr.] A small 
 animal supposed to start prey for the 
 lion. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 J A D 
 
 'Ihe i3el<iians tuck upon our rear, 
 And raking chast-guiis lluougli »jur sleriib iht-y 
 send : 
 Close by their firesihips, likejac/ta/iajipcar, 
 W'lio on tlieir lions, for llic prey attend. Drtjden. 
 The mighty lion l)cftire whi-iii sUn>(\ the litlle 
 jackal, the faithful spy of the kin^ of hearts. 
 
 Arhnthnot ujid Pope. 
 
 Ja'ckanapes. n. s. [jack and ape] 
 
 1. Monkey ; an ape. 
 
 •2. A coxcomb ; an impertinent . 
 
 W hich is he ? 
 
 — That jackanapes with scarfs. Sliakes]i. 
 
 Peojjie wuiider'd how such a youwj: upstart 
 
 jackanajjes should prow so pert and saucy, ami 
 
 takf su niucli upon him. Arb. 
 
 Jackda'w. n, *. [jock and tfatr.] A 
 cock daw ; a bird taught to imitate the 
 human voice. 
 
 'I'u impose on a cliild to get by heart a lr»nii 
 scroll uf phrases, witlimit any ideas, is a practice 
 fitter for a /f/c/tf/tiu' titan for any thing that wears 
 the shape of man. il iiHs. 
 
 Ja'cket. 71. s, [jacguetj Fr.] 
 
 1. A short coat; a close waistcoat. 
 
 ]n a him- Jacket, with a cross of red. Hi hh. Tale. 
 And hens, and dogs, and bogs are feeding by ; 
 And here a sailor's ;ac/(f( bangs to dry. }'ope. 
 
 2. To beat 07ie's jacket, is to beat the man. 
 She fell upon llie jacket of the parson, who 
 
 stood gaping at her. L'Ksirange. 
 
 Jacob's Ladder, n. s. Polemonium ; 
 
 the same with Greek valerian. 
 Ja'cob's Staff, w. 5, 
 
 1. A pilgrim's staff. 
 
 2. Staff concealing a dagger. 
 
 3. A cross staff; a kind of astrolabe. 
 Ja'cobine. w. s. a pigeon with a high 
 
 tuft. Ainsworth. 
 
 Jactita'tion. n. s. [jactito Lat.] 
 
 1. Tossing; motion; restlessness; heav- 
 ing- 
 
 If the patient be surprised with /acii((i((ini, or 
 gnat oppression about the stomach, expect no re- 
 lief from cordials. Harvey. 
 
 2. A term in the canon law for a false 
 pretension to marriage. 
 
 Jacula'tion. n. s. [jaculaiio, jacuhr, 
 
 Lat.] The act of throwing missive 
 
 ueapons. 
 So bills amid' the air cnconnter'd hills, 
 
 Hurl'd to and fro w'llhjacnlation dire. I\Ii!ton. 
 
 JADE. n. s. [The etymology of this 
 
 word is doubtful: Skinner derives it 
 
 from gaad a goad or spur.] 
 
 1, Ahorse of no spirit; a hired horse ; a 
 worthless nag. 
 
 Alas, wliat winhts are these that load my heart ! 
 I aiu as dull as Winter-starved sheep, 
 Tir'd as -djade ino"'erloaden cart. Sidney, 
 
 When they should endure the bloody spur, 
 They fall their crest, and, like deceitful jW^, 
 Sink in the trial. Shakesp. Julius Casar. 
 
 'i'be horsemen sit like fixed candlesticks. 
 With torchstavesin their hand; and their poor /ade* 
 Lob down their heads, dropping the liead and nips. 
 
 Shakcsv. 
 
 So have I seen with armed heel, 
 A wight bestride a commonweal, 
 VVIiile still the more he kiek'd and spur'd, 
 The less the sullen jut/e has stin'd. Hudihras 
 
 The [dain nag came upon the trial to prove those 
 to be jades that made sport with him. L' hlstraiise. 
 
 False steps but help them to renew their race, 
 As.after stumblingjjWts will mend their pace.Pt'/'f. 
 
 2. A sorry woman. A word of contempt 
 noting sometimes age, but generally vice. 
 
 Shall these, these n\ti jades, past the flower 
 Of youth, that you have, pass you. Chapman. 
 
 JAG 
 
 But she, the cuniiing'stjWe alive, 
 Sayt, 'tis the ready way to thrive. Stepney. 
 
 Get in, hussy : now will I personate tins young 
 jnde, and discover the intrigue. Southern. 
 
 In di'nionds, pearl, and rich brocades. 
 She shines tht* first of batter'd jac/ei. 
 And flutters in Iter ptidc. Swift. 
 
 ;i. A young woman: in irony and slight 
 contempt. 
 
 Vou see now and tlien £ume handsome 5'ouiig 
 jades among them : the sluts have very often while 
 teeth and black eyes. Addison. 
 
 Jade. n. s, A species of stone. 
 
 'i'hc jade is a species of the jasper, and of ex- 
 treme hardness. Its colour is composed of a pale 
 bluL'isb grry, or ash-cohmr, and a pale t-'reen, not 
 uniform, li appears dull and coarse on the surface, 
 but il laki-.s a very elegant polish. It is used by the 
 'lurks fur handles of sabres. Hill. 
 
 To Jade. r. a. [from the noun.] 
 1. To tire; to harass; to dispirit; to 
 weary ; apphed originally to horses. 
 
 With bis banners, and his w( |l-paid ranks, 
 'i'he iieVr-yet-beaten horse of Varthia 
 We've jaded out o' th' field. Shak. Ant. and CUop. 
 
 It is gc>ud in discourse to vary and intermingle 
 speech of the present occasion with arguments : 
 R*r it 15 a dull thing to tire and jade any thing too 
 far. Bactm. 
 
 If fleet dragon's progeny at last 
 Vui\es jaded, and in frequent matches cait 
 No favour for the stallion we retain. 
 And no respect for the degen'rate strain. Dryden. 
 
 ihe mind once jaded, by an attempt above iti 
 powtr, is very hardly brau^ht to exert its force 
 again. Locke. 
 
 '1 here are seasons wlirn the brain is overtired or 
 jaded with study or thinking ; and upon some other 
 accounts animal nature may he languid or cloudy, 
 and unfit to assist the spirit in meditation. Watts. 
 
 2, To overbear ; to crusli ; to degrade ; 
 
 to harasSj as a horse that is ridden too 
 
 hard. 
 
 If we live thus tamely. 
 To be thws jaded by a piece ot scarlet. 
 Farewell nob lity. Shakesp. Henry VIU, 
 
 3, To employ in vile offices, 
 
 'I'be honourable blood 
 Must not be shed by such a jaded groom. Shakesp. 
 
 4, To ride ; to rule with tyranny. 
 
 I do not now fool myself, to let imagination jad* 
 me ; for every reason excites to this. Shakesp. 
 
 To Jade. r. «. To lose spirit ; to sink. 
 
 Many ofler at the effects of friendship, but they do 
 not last; ihey are promising in the beginning, but 
 they fail and jade and lire in the prosecution. Sfut,*!. 
 
 Ja'dish. adj. [h-om jade.] 
 
 1. A'itious ; bad, as an Iiorse. 
 
 That hurs'd us on their backs, to show us 
 AjadiJi trick at last, and throw us. Hudibrai. 
 
 When 'ir.ce the people get Xhe jadvih trick 
 Of throwing utf their king, no ruler's safe. 
 
 Southern. 
 
 2. Unchiiste ; incontinent. 
 
 'Tis to no boot to be jealous of a woman ; for 
 if the humour takes her to be jadish, not all the 
 locks and s^ ics in nature can keep her honest. 
 
 L" Estrange. 
 
 To JAGG. f. <7. [gagaw slits or holes, 
 Welsh.] To cut into indentures ; to cut 
 into teeth like those of a saw. 
 
 Some leaves are round, some long, some square, 
 and n\i\uy jagged on the sides. Bacon *Js Aut Hist. 
 
 'ilw jagging of pinks and gilliflowers is like the 
 inequaliix of oak leaves ; but ihey never have any 
 small plain puris. Bacon. 
 
 The banks of that sea must he jagged and torn 
 by the impetuous assaults, or the silent undermin- 
 ings of waves ; violent rains must wash down 
 earlli from the tops of mountains. Bentleu. 
 
 An alder-tree is one among tlie lesser tree*, 
 whose younger bianches are soft, and w hose leaves 
 arejagged^ WatU. 
 
 60 
 
 92»
 
 J A M 
 
 Jagg. n. s. [from the verb.] A protube- 
 rance or denticulation. 
 
 'file figure of the leaves is divided into so many 
 
 jog-^s or escallops, and curiously indented round the 
 
 edw-s. Kail. 
 
 Take olTall the staring straws, twigs, and Ja^g-s 
 
 in the hive, and make them as smooth as possihie. 
 
 Moi-thners Husbantb-if. 
 
 Ja'ggy. adj. [from jagg.] Uneven ; 
 denticulated. 
 
 His tow'ring crest was glorious to behold ; 
 His shoulders and liis sides were scal'd with gold ; 
 Three tongues he brandish'd when he charged his 
 
 flies ; 
 His teeth stood jcggif in three dreadful rows. Addis. 
 
 Amid' those angels, infinitely .strain'd. 
 They joyful leave iheitjnggn salts behinti. Thorns. 
 
 Ja'ggedness. n. s. [ii-omjaggtd.l The 
 state of being denticulated ; uneven- 
 
 ness. 
 
 First draw rudely your leaves, making them 
 plain, before you give them their veins hyjagged- 
 ncss. Pecicham on Vraiving. 
 
 lAIL. n. s. [geol, Fr.] A f^aol ; a prison ; 
 a place where criminals are confined. 
 See Gaol. It is written either way ; but 
 commonly by latter writers Jfl(7. 
 
 Away with the dotard, to ihejail with him.S/io/c. 
 
 A dependant upon him paid six thousand pounds 
 ready money, which, poor man, he lived to repent 
 in a jail. Ciarendon. 
 
 He si^h'd and turn'd his eyes, because he knew 
 'Twas but a larger Jai7 he had in view, Dryden. 
 
 One jail did all their criminals restrain. 
 Which now the walls of Rome can scarce contain. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 
 Ja'ilbird. n. s. [jftii and bird.] One 
 
 who has been in a jail. 
 J A'lh^R. n.s. [from jail.] A gaoler; the 
 
 keeper of a prison. 
 
 Seeking many means to speak with her, and 
 ever kept from it, as well because she shunned it, 
 seeing and disdaining his mind, as because of her 
 jealous Jdi/ei's. Siditey 
 
 This is as ajaihr, to bring forth 
 Some monstrous malefactor. Shakesp. 
 
 His pow'r to lioliow caverns is confin'd ; 
 There let liim reign, thejaikr of the wind ; 
 Withho.irsecomiiiands his breathing subjects call. 
 And boast and bluster in his empty hall. Dryden. 
 
 Palanion, the pris'ner knight, 
 Restless for woe, arose before the light ; 
 And, with hisjai/er's leave, liesir'd to breathe 
 An air more welcome than the damp beneath. Drj/rf. 
 Ja'kes. n. s. [Of uncertain etymology.] 
 A house of office. 
 
 I will tread this inboited villain into mortar, 
 and daub the waHs ofjahes with him. Shakesp. 
 
 'I'heir sordid avarice rakes 
 
 In excrements, and hires the very jakes. Dryden. 
 
 Some have fished the very jukes for papers left 
 
 there by men of wit. Sici/i. 
 
 Ia'lap. ti. s. [jalap, Fr. jalapium, low 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 Jalap is a firm and solid root, of a wrinkled 
 surface, and generally cut into slices, heavy and 
 hard to break ; uf a faintish smell, and of an 
 acrid and nauseous taste. It had its nmne jala- 
 pium, or jalapa, from Xalapa, a town in New 
 Spain, in the neidibourhuod of ivhicli it was 
 discovered ; though it is now )irinci|3ally broujjht 
 from the Aladeiras. It is an excellent purgative 
 where serous humours are to be evacuated. 
 
 Hill's Nat. Med. 
 Jam. n. s. [1 know not whence derived.] 
 A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar 
 and water. 
 Jamb. n. s. [jamhe, Fr. a kg.] Any 
 supporter on either side, as the posts of 
 a door. 
 
 No timber is to be laid within twelve inch.es of 
 the fiiteside of the chinmeyjamti. Moion. 
 
 JAP 
 
 Ia'mbick. n. s. [iambigue, Fr. iamhkiis, 
 Lat.] Verses composed of iambick feet, 
 or a short and long syllable alternately : 
 used originally in satire, therefore taken 
 for satire. 
 
 In thy felonious heart though venom lies, 
 It does but touch thy Irish pen, and dies : 
 Thy genius calls thee not to purchase fame 
 In keen iambicks, but mild anagram. Dryden. 
 
 To Ja'ngle. V. n. [jangler, Fr. Skinner,] 
 To altercate; to quarrel; to bicker in 
 words. Now a low word. 
 
 Good wits vvili he jangling ; but, gentles agree, 
 This civil war of wits were nmch better us'd 
 On Navarre and his book-men. Shakesp. 
 
 So far am I fjiad it did so sort, 
 And this ihe'iTJanglinf:; J esteem a sport. Shakesp. 
 
 There is no errour which hath not some appear- 
 ance of probability resembliiig truth, wliich when 
 men, who study to be singular, find out, straining 
 reason, they then publish to the world matter of 
 contention aii6 jangling. Raleigh. 
 
 To Jangle, v, a. To make to sound 
 untuneably. 
 
 Now see that noble and that sovereign reason. 
 Like sweet heih jangled out of tune and harsh. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Ere Gothick forms were known in Greece, 
 And in our verse ere monkish rhiines 
 Hati jangled tlieir fantastick chimes. Prior. 
 
 Ja'ngler. n, s. [from the verb.] A 
 wrangling, chattering, noisy fellow. 
 
 Ja'nizary. «. s. [A Turkish word.] 
 One of the guards of the Turkish king. 
 
 His grand vizir, presuming to invest 
 Tiie chief imperial city of the West, 
 With the first charge compell'd in haste to rise j 
 The standards lost, and janizaries slain, 
 Render the hopes he j;ave his master vain. Waller. 
 
 Jan NOCK. 71. s. [probably a corruption 
 of hannockJ\ Oat-bread. A northern 
 Avord. 
 
 Ja'nty. adj. [corrupted from gtniilf Fr.] 
 Showy ; fluttering. 
 
 This sort of woman is a janty slattern: she 
 hangs on her cloaths, plays her head, and varies 
 her posture. Si)ectator. 
 
 Ja'nuary. 7i. 5. \JamiariuSy Lat.] The 
 first month of the year, from JanuSy to 
 whom it was among the Romans conse- 
 crated. 
 
 Januarxi is clad in white, the colour of the 
 earth at this time, blowing his nails. This month 
 had the name from Janus, [minted with two faces, 
 signifying Provitlence. Peacham. 
 
 JAPA'N. 71. s. [from Japan in Asia^ where 
 figured Avork was originally done.] Work 
 varnished and raised in gold and colours. 
 It is commonly used with another sub- 
 stantive, and therefore may be considered 
 as an adjective. 
 
 The p()or girl had broken a large Japan glass, of 
 great value, with a stroke of her brush. Swift. 
 
 To Japa'n. v. a. [from the noun,] 
 I. To varnish, and embelHsh with gold 
 and raised figures. 
 
 For not the desk with silver nails. 
 Nor bureau of expence, 
 
 Nor standish wtiUjapannd, avails 
 The writing of good sense. Swift. 
 
 '2. To black and gloss shoes. A low phrase. 
 
 The god of fire 
 Among these gen'rous presents joins his part 
 And aids with soot ihe new japaiining art. Oay, 
 
 Japa'nner. n. s. [^romjapa7i,] 
 
 1. One skilled in japan work. 
 
 2. A shoeblacker. So called because he 
 I makes the shoes shine. 
 
 JAR 
 
 The poor have the same itch ; 
 They change their weekly- barber, weekly news. 
 Prefer a new japanner to their shoes. Pope'^s Horace. 
 
 To Jar. r. n. [from eo|ij\e anger. Sax. or 
 guerre war, Fr. or garren, old Teut. to 
 clamour.] 
 
 1 . To strike together with a kind of short 
 rattle. 
 
 The rings of iron, that on the doors were hung, 
 Sent out ajarrijig sound, and harshly rung. 
 
 Dryden. 
 I\Iy knees tremble with the jaiTing blow. Oai/. 
 
 2. To strike or sound untuneably and 
 irregularly. 
 
 O, you kind gods ! 
 Cure this great breach in his abused nature . 
 Th' untun d and jarring senses, O, wind up, 
 Of this child-change ifalher ! Shakesp. King Lear 
 
 I perceive you delight not in inusick. 
 — Not a whit, when it jars so. Shakesp. 
 
 A string nrayjar in the best master's hand, 
 And the most skilful archer miss his aim. Rose. 
 
 He keeps liis temper'd mind serene and pure. 
 And every passion aptly harraoniz'd 
 Amid' njarriiig world. llw}nso7i''s Summer. 
 
 3. To clash ; to interfere ; to act in oppo- 
 sition ; to be inconsistent. 
 
 At last, though long, o\iTjairiiig notes agree. S/ioA;. 
 For orders and degrees 
 Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton. 
 
 Venalus concluded his report : 
 A jarring murmur fill'd the factious court : 
 As when a torrent rolls with rapid race, 
 The floofl, coutrain'd within a scanty space, 
 Roars horrible. Dryden's ^neid, 
 
 4. To quarrel ; to dispute. 
 
 When those renowned noble peers of Greece, 
 Through stubborn pride, among themselves did jar. 
 
 Forgetful of the famous golden fleece. 
 Then Orpheus with liis harp their strife did bar. 
 
 Speyiser. 
 
 They must be sometimes ignorant of the means 
 conducing to those ends, in which alone they can 
 jur and oppose each other. Dryden. 
 
 Jar. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A kind of rattling vibration of sound. 
 
 In r, the tongue is held stifly at its whole length, 
 by the force of the muscles; so as when theimplube 
 of breath strikes u pon the end of the tongue, where 
 it finds passage, it sliakes and agitates the whole 
 tongue, wliereby the sound is affected witli a trem- 
 blingja?-. Holder's Elements nj' Speech. 
 
 2. Clash of interests or opinions ; discord; 
 debate. 
 
 He maketh war, he maketh peace again. 
 And yet his peace is but continual Jar : 
 O miserable men, that to him subject are ! Fairy Q, 
 
 Nalh'less, my brother, since we passed are 
 Unto this point, we will appease our jar. Hubberd. 
 
 Force would be right ; or raihcr, ri-ht and wrong, 
 Between whose endless jar justice presides, 
 W^ould lose their names, and so would justice too. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. A state in which a door unfastened may 
 strike the post ; half opened. 
 
 The chatiering with dissenters, and dodc;ing 
 about this or t'c»ther ceremony, is but like opening 
 a few wickets, and leaving them ajar, by which no 
 more than one can get in at a time. Swijt. 
 
 4. [Giarro, Ital.] An earthen vessel. 
 
 About the upper part of the jar there appeared 
 a good number of bubbles. Boyle. 
 
 He mead for cooling drink prejjares, 
 Of virgin honey in the jars. Drydcn. 
 
 Warriors welter on the ground, 
 Whilst empty jars the dire defeat resound. 6'ar(ft. 
 
 JA'RDES. 71. s. [Fr.] Hard callous tu- 
 mours in horses, a little below the bending 
 of the ham on the outside. This distem- 
 per in time will make the horse halt, ant' 
 grow so painful as to cause him to pine 
 away, and become light-bellied. It is 
 
 030
 
 J A U 
 
 most common to managed horses, that 
 have been kept too much upon their 
 haunches. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Ja'rgon. w. s. [jargon, Fr. giriconcd, 
 Spanish.] Unintelliyible fcilk ; gabble; 
 gibberish. 
 
 Nothing is clearer tiinn mattieinatlcal demon- 
 stration ; yet, let one, who is altogether ignorant 
 ill malheniatick^, hear it, and he will hold it to he 
 jjlain fiisliaii or jargon. Bramhatt. 
 
 From tills last toil again what knowledge Hows? 
 Just as much, [lerliajis, as shows 
 That all his predecessor's rules 
 Were empty cant, a\\ jargon of the schools. Prior. 
 During the usurpation an infusion of enthusias- 
 \ickjurgon prevailed in every writing. Swift. 
 
 Jargonelle, n s. A species of pear. 
 
 See Pear. 
 Ja'shawk. n. s. [probably ias or ci/as 
 
 hawk,] A young hawk. Alnsw. 
 
 Ja'ssiine. 71. s. [gchfminum ; jasmin, Fr. 
 
 It is often pronounced jessatnine.] A 
 
 ci'eej)ing shrub with a fragrant flower. 
 
 Thou, like the harmless hee, may'stfrcely range ; 
 Vwmjasmine grove to grove may'it wander. Tftonis. 
 
 JA'SMINE Fasian. n. s. A plant. A 
 species of lilac. 
 
 Ja'sper. n. s. [jaspe, Fr. iaspis, Lat.] A 
 hard stone of a bright beautiful green 
 colour, sometimes clouded with white, 
 found in masses of various sizes and 
 shapes. It is capable of a very elegant 
 polish, and is found in many parts of 
 ihe East Indies, and in Egypt, Africa, 
 Tartary, and China. Hill. 
 
 The hasis of jasper is usually of a greenish hue, 
 ai d spotted with red, yellow and white. Woodw. 
 The must valuable pillars about Rome are four 
 columns of oriental Ja.'iper in St. Paulina's chapel, 
 and one of transparent oriental Jo5/>er in the Vati- 
 can library. Addison on Haiti 
 
 Iatroleptick. adj. [iatrolepiique, Fr. 
 
 lar^i? and aXi'i^ij.] That which cures 
 by anointing. 
 
 To Ja'vel, or jahle. r. a. To bemire; to 
 soil over witli dirt through unnecessary 
 traversing and travelling. This word is 
 still retained in Scotland and the northern 
 counties. 
 
 Ja'vel, n. s. [perhaps from the verb.] A 
 wandering or dirty fellow. 
 
 When as time, flying ^\ilh wings swift. 
 Expired had the term that those two javek 
 Should tender up areckoniugof their travel s.HiW'/;. 
 Sir 'J'lionias ]\Iore, preparing himself for exe- 
 cutittn, put on his best apparel, which the lieule- 
 naiit compelled him to put utf again, saying. That 
 lie who should have them was but ajai'e/. \\ Iiat, 
 says Sir Thomas, shall I ::ccount him ajavel, who 
 shall this day do me so great a benefit ? Mitre. 
 
 Ja'velin. n. s. [javelim', Fr.] A spear or 
 half pike, which anciently was used 
 either by foot or horse. It had an iron 
 head pointed. 
 
 Others, from the wall, defend 
 With dart andjav'lin, stones and sulph'rnus fire ; 
 On each hand slaughter and i:igantiek deeds. Milt. 
 
 She sTiakes her myrtle ;iir/?n : and, behind, 
 Her Lycian quiver dances in the wind. Vrijden. 
 
 Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, 
 Lannch'd from the viguurof a Roman arm ? .^ddis. 
 
 JA'UNDICE. II. s. [jaunisse,jaiiiic yellow, 
 Fr.] .\ distemper from obstructions of the 
 glands of the liver, which prevents the 
 gall being duly separated by them from 
 the blood ; and sometimes, especially in 
 
 J A Y 
 
 hard drinkers, they are so indurated as 
 never after to be opened, and straiten the 
 motion of the blood so much throui^h 
 that vi.scus, as to make it divert with a 
 force great enough into the f^astrick ar- 
 teries, which go off from the hepatick, to 
 break through them, and drain into the 
 stomach; so that vomiting of blood, in 
 this distemper, is a fatal symptom. Quin. 
 Why slioul'l a m;iii, wimse I'lfod is warm witli'm, 
 Sit like his jirandsire cut in alahastcr ? 
 Sleep when lie wdkcs, and crcrp htto ihv jaundice 
 IJy heiiii; peivish ? Shakesj). Merchaht of Venice. 
 Tliose were thy thoughts, and th(ju could'st 
 judge aright, 
 'Jill int'reat made a jaundice in ihy sitzht. Dryden. 
 The evt'S of a man in \ht: jaundice make yellnw 
 observations on every lliin^ ; and the soul, tinc- 
 tured with any passion, diliuses a false colour over 
 tlie appearances of tilings. Watts. 
 
 JA'uNDiCED. adj. [i\'om jaundice.] In- 
 fected with the jaundice. 
 
 All seems infected, that th' infected spy, 
 As ail looks yellow to {Uejaundic'd eye. Pope. 
 
 To Jaunt, v. n, [jaiittVy Fr.] '!^o wan- 
 der here and there ; to bustle about. It 
 is now aK\ ays used in contempt or levity. 
 
 1 was n(;t made a liorse. 
 And yet 1 bear a burthen like an ass ; 
 Spur-gall'd and tir'd by jaunliuii Bolinghroke. 
 
 Simkcsp. liichard II. 
 
 Jaunt. 71. s. [from the verb.] Ramble; 
 flight; excursion. It is commonly used 
 ludicrously, but solemnly by JMUton, 
 
 Our Saviour meek, and willi untroubled mind. 
 After his Awy jaunt, ihouiih hurry'd sore. 
 Hungry and cold betook nini to his rest. Milton. 
 
 He sends me out on many a. jaunt. 
 Old houses in the night lo haunt. Hudibras. 
 
 They parted, and away posts the cavalier in 
 quest of his new mistress : bis hxst jaunt is to court. 
 
 L'E&trange. 
 
 If yoii are for a meuy jaunt, 1*1! try for once 
 wlio can foot it farthest. Dvijden's Spanish Frvar. 
 
 fhus much of the scheme of my design in this 
 part have run over, and led my reader a long and 
 tedious jaunt, in tracing out those metallick and 
 mineral bodies. ]Voodu-ard. 
 
 Ja'untiness. 71. s. [from j aunt t/, or jantj/, 
 corrupted from genill, i'r. See Jantv.] 
 Airyness ; flutter ; genteelness. 
 
 A certain stiffness in m3- limbs entirely deslroyed 
 xh&ijauntiness of air 1 was once master of. Addison. 
 Jaw. 71. s. [jouf a cheek, Fr. MJience 
 jooivbonc, or che(kbo7iey ihenjaiv.] 
 
 1, The bone of the mouth in wiiich tlie 
 teeth are fixed. 
 
 A generation whose teeth are as swords, and their 
 Jau' teeth as knives, to devour the poor. Frov. x.\x. 
 'Vhejaw bones, hearts, and galls of pikes are 
 vcrv niedicinable. Walton's Angler. 
 
 PibO, who probably speaks Aristotle's nieannig, 
 said that the crocodile doth not inly move IiisupjMT 
 jaw, but that his nether /'nt' is Innuoveabie. Gnu-. 
 
 More formidable hydra stands with ii, 
 Whose /(ifcs with iron teeth severely grin. Dryden. 
 
 2. The mouth. 
 
 My Tongue cleaveth l(j my jtnvs, and lliou hast 
 b^ou^ht me into the dust of de.'th. Psalm xxii. 15. 
 JMy bended hook shall pierce (heir slimy jaus. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 A smeary foam works o'er mv "rindingjuiw, 
 And utmost ancuisb shakes my lab'ring frame. 
 
 It 
 
 hoU'C. 
 
 Jay. w. s. [named from his crj/. Skinner.] 
 A bird ; piaglandaria. 
 
 Two sharp winged sheers, 
 Deck'd w'itb diverse plumes, like painted_;</y5, 
 Were fixed at Ins back, to cut bis airy wavs-fairyQ. 
 We'll use this unwholesome humidity, this gross 
 wat'ry pumpion— wf-'II teach bira to know turtles 
 from jViy?. Shakesp. 
 
 I C I 
 
 \\ i)at, is the fay mure precit>us tliaii t)ie lark. 
 Because his /eallurs are more beautiful ? Shat.tsp. 
 
 I am highly delighted to see the ^'ai/ or the thrush 
 hopping about my walks. Spectator. 
 
 AdmFres the jay the insects gilded wings, 
 Or bears ihe hawk, when Philomela sings. Pope. 
 
 Ja'zel. n. 5. A precious stone of an 
 azure or blue colour. Diet, 
 
 ICE. w. s. [jj-, Sax. ei/se, Dut.] 
 
 1 . AVater or other liquor made solid by cold. 
 
 You are no surer, no, 
 Than is the coal of fire upon llie ice. 
 Or hailstone in the sun. Shakesp. Corioianus. 
 
 Thou art all ice, thy kindness freezes. Shakcfp. 
 
 If I should ask whether ice and water were t« .. 
 distinct species of things, 1 doubtnot but 1 should 
 be answered in the affirmative. Lix'he. 
 
 2. Concreted sugar. 
 
 3. To bnak ihe ice. To make tlie first 
 opening to any attempt. 
 
 If you break the ice, and do this feat, 
 Atchieve the elder, set ihe youtitrer free 
 For our access, who^e liap sb.tll be to liave her. 
 Will not so graceless be to be ingrate. Shahtp. 
 
 Thus have I broken the ice to invention, for the 
 lively representation of floods and rivers necessary 
 for our painters and poets. Peacham on Drawing. 
 
 After he'fl a while look'd wise, 
 At last broke silence and the ice. HndU/rai, 
 
 To Ice. v, a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To cover with ice ; to turn to ice. 
 
 2. To cover with concreted sugar, 
 I'CEHOUSR. w. s. [ice and house.] A house 
 
 in which ice is reposited against the 
 warm months. 
 
 Ichne'umon. n. s. [(;^«i,««f.] a small 
 animal that breaks the eggs of the cro- 
 codile. 
 
 Ichneumonfly'. n. s. A sort of fly. 
 
 'ihe generation of the ichneumonfltj is in the bodies 
 of caterpillars, and other nymphae of insects. 
 
 '^Vcrham's Phvsico-Theol. 
 
 Ichno'graphy. n. s. [^x**^ and yfaftf.] 
 The ground plot. 
 
 It will be more intelligible to have a draught 
 of each front in a paper by itself, and also lo have 
 a draught of the ground-plot or ichnographu of 
 every slory in a paper by itself. A/oj.j/j. 
 
 ICHOR, w. A'. ['%&'§.] A thin watery 
 humour like serum. Quinci/. 
 
 ]\Iilk, drawn from some animals that fetd only 
 
 upon flesh, will be more a|)t lo turn rancid an^ 
 
 [utrify, acquiring first a saline trtste, which is a sign 
 
 of putrefaction, and then it will turn into an ichor. 
 
 Arhnthnot on Admcnts. 
 
 FcHORous. adj. [from ichor,] Serous; 
 sanious ; thin ; undigested. 
 
 The lung-growth is imputed tn a superficial sa- 
 nious or jc/iorotii cxulceraticui. Harvcuon Gnwom. 
 
 'Ihe pus from an ulcer of the liver, growing thin 
 and ichorous, corrodes the vessels. Arbuthnot rm Diet. 
 
 Ichthyology, n. s. [ichthyologies Fr. 
 
 »;^OioXoyics from '^x^^'' *^"*^ TUytt.] The 
 doctrine of the nature of fish. 
 
 Some there are, as camels and sheep, which 
 carr\ no name in ichthyology. Brtncns Vnlg. Err. 
 Ichthyophaoy. n.s. Ux^lq and ^ayo/.] 
 Diet offish ; the practice of eating fish. 
 Icicle. 71, s. [from ice,] A shoot of ice 
 commonly lianging down from the up- 
 per ]>art. 
 
 If distilled vinegar or aqua-forlJs be jioured inta 
 the powtier of loadstone, the subsiding powder, 
 dried, retains some magnetical virtue; nui if ih« 
 menstruum be evaporate'l to a consistence, and af- 
 terwards doih sho<)t into icicles, «<r crvst.'tls. th- 
 loadstone halli no power upon them. Br. Vul^. F.ri\ 
 From locks uncomb'd.and from the frozen oeard. 
 Long tcici«depend,and cracking sounds are heard. 
 
 Dryden^
 
 I D E 
 
 The cnmmcm dropstonc consists priiiripally (if 
 
 •par, aiuJ is freqiieiilly f.iuiid in form of an icicle, 
 
 hanging dov> n Ironi llif tops ami sides of gioltos. 
 
 WnotlwarfCs Ndtural Histoi-i/. 
 
 I'CINESS. n s. [fi-om iri/.] The state of 
 
 generating ice 
 I'coN. 71. v. [lExwv] A picture or repre- 
 sent-ition. 
 
 Bo^'saidus, in liis tract of divination, liath set 
 forth the icons of these ten, jet added two others. 
 Brown's Vuls. Err< 
 Some of our own nation, and many Nether- 
 landers, whose names and icons are published, have 
 deserved good commendation. Hakcwill on Provid. 
 
 Ico'noclast. n. s. [iconoclaste, Fr. 
 
 fixdKJK^ari;-] A breaker of images. 
 Icono'logy. n. s. [iconologie, Fr. hxu/v 
 
 and Xiyw] The doctrine of picture or 
 
 representation. 
 ICTERlCAL. n. s. [icteriqite, Fr. icterus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 J . Afflicted with the jaundice. 
 
 In the jaundice the choler is wanting, and the 
 
 icterical have a great sourness, and gripes witli 
 
 windiness. _ Flayer. 
 
 2. Good against the jaundice. 
 Icy. adj. [from ice.] 
 
 1. Full of ice ; covered with ice ; made of 
 ice; cold ; frosty. 
 
 But my poor heart first set free. 
 Bound in those icu chains by thee. Shakesp. 
 
 Here feel we hut the penalty of Adam, 
 The season's dilTerence ; as. liie icu phang, 
 And churlish chiding of the Winter's wind. Shak. 
 
 He relates tlie excessive coldness of the water 
 they niet with in Summer in that ici/ region, where 
 tJiey were forced to winter. Boyte. 
 
 Bear Britain's thunder, and her cross display 
 To the brii^ht regions of tlie rising day ; 
 Tempt iCK seas, where scarce the waters roll, 
 Where clearer flames glow round the frozen pole. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Cold ; free from passion. 
 
 Thou would'st have never learn'd 
 The ici) precepts of respect. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 3. Frigid ; backward. 
 
 If thou do'st finil him tractahle to us. 
 Encourage hira, and tell him all our reasons ; 
 If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling. 
 Be thou so too. Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 I'd. Contracted for / would. 
 
 IDEA. n. s. [idee, Fr, liix.] Mental 
 
 image. 
 
 Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or is 
 the immediate object of perception, thought, or 
 understanding^ that t call idea. _ Locke. 
 
 The form under which these things ippcar to 
 the mind, or the result of our apprehension, is 
 called an idea. Watts. 
 
 Happy you that may to the saint, your only iJeu, 
 
 Although simply attir'd, your manly aflection 
 
 utter. Sidncp. 
 
 Our Saviour himself, being to set down the per- 
 fect idea of that which we are to pray and wish 
 for on eavtli, did not teach to pray or wish for 
 more than olily that here it might be with us, as 
 with them it is in heaven. Hooker. 
 
 Her sweet idea wander'd through his thoughts. 
 
 Fairfax. 
 I did infer your lineaments, 
 Being the right idea of your father ; 
 Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Sliakesp. 
 
 How good, how fair. 
 Answering his great idea .' MiltmCs Paradise Lost. 
 
 If Chaucer by the best idea wrought. 
 The fairest nyntph before his eyes he set. Dryden. 
 
 Ide' Ah. adj. [from idea.] Mental; intel- 
 lectual ; not perceived by the senses. 
 
 There is a two-fold knowledge of material things; 
 one real, when the thing, and real impression of 
 things on our senses, is perceived ; the (jther ideal, 
 "when the image or idea of a thing, absent in 
 itself, is represented to and considered on the ima- 
 gination. Cheyite's Phil. Prin. 
 
 I D I 
 
 Ide'ally. adj. [from ideal.] Intellectu- 
 ally; mentally. 
 
 A transmission is made materially from^ some 
 |)aris, and idealli/ from every one. Brown's V. Bit. 
 
 Ide'ntical. V adj. [identique, Fr.] The 
 Ide'ntick. J same; implying the same 
 thing ; comprising the same idea. 
 
 The beard's th' identick beard you knew, 
 The same numerically true. Hudibras. 
 
 'i'hcre majus is identical with magis. Hale. 
 
 Those ridiculous !rfcH(ieo/pr<ipositions, that faith 
 is faith, and rule is a rule, are first principles in this 
 controversy of the rule of faith, without which 
 nothing can he solidly concluded either aluiiit rule 
 or fiiith. Tillotsoii's Sermons. 
 
 If this pre-existent eternity is nut ccunpatitiie 
 with a successive duration, as we clearly and dis- 
 tinctly perceive that it is not, then it remains, that 
 some being, though infinitely above our finite 
 comprehensions, must have ha'd an identical, inva- 
 riable continuance frimi all eternity, which being 
 is ILO other than God. Benlley's Sermons. 
 
 Ide'ntity. n.s. [identite, Fr, iudentilas, 
 school Lat.] Sameness; not diversity. 
 
 There is a fallacy of equivocation from a society 
 in name, inferring an identity in nature ; by tlivs 
 fallacy was he deceived that drank aqua-fortis for 
 strong water. Browti's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Certainly those actions must needs be regular, 
 where there is an identity between the rule and the 
 faculty. South's Sermons. 
 
 Considering any thing as existing, at any deter- 
 mined time and place,we compare ifwitb self exist- 
 ing at another time, and thereon from the ideas of 
 idejility and diversity. Locke. 
 
 By cutting otT the' sense at the end of every first 
 line, which must always rhime to the next fol- 
 lowing, is produced too frequent an identity in 
 sound, and brings every couplet to the point of 
 
 an epigram. 
 
 Prim- 
 
 Ides. n. s. [ides, Fr. idus, Lat.] A term 
 anciently used among the Romans, and 
 still retained in the Romish kalendvir. 
 It is the 13th day of each Month, ex- 
 cept in the months of March, May, July 
 and October, in wliich it is the l.'jth day, 
 because in these four months it was six 
 days before the nones, and in the others 
 four days. 
 A soothsaj'er bids you beware the ides of March. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 IDIO'CRASY. n. .s. [idiocrase, Fr. I'^i©- 
 and KfSo-i;.] Peculiarity of constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 Idiocra'tical. adj. [from idiocrasy.] 
 Peculiar in constitution. 
 
 I'diocy. 11. s, [iJiKTia.] Want of under- 
 standing. 
 
 I stand not upon their idiocy iri thinking that 
 harses did cat their bits. Bacon. 
 
 IDIOM, n. s. [idiome, Fr. iJinf**.] A 
 mode of speaking peculiar to a language 
 or dialect ; the particular cast of a tongue; 
 a phrase ; phraseology. 
 
 He did roniaiiize our tongue, leaving the words 
 translated as much Latin as he found them; where- 
 in he followed their language, but did not comply 
 with the idiom of ours. Drydcn. 
 
 Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, 
 And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. P7'i(U'. 
 
 Idioma'tical.1 adj. [from irf/om.] Pe- 
 Idioma'tick. J culiar to a tongue; 
 phraseological. 
 
 Since phrases used in conversation contract 
 meanness by passing through the mouths of the 
 vulgar, a poet should guard himself against idio- 
 matick ways of speaking. Spectator. 
 
 Idio'pathy. n. s. [idiopathic, Fr. VJi©- 
 I and irat<^.] A primary disease that 
 
 I D L 
 
 neither depends on nor proceeds frotn 
 another. Quincy. 
 
 Idiosyncrasy, n. s. [idiosynacrase, Fr. 
 'i^i'&-, ai», and x^ao-i?.] A peculiar tem- 
 per or disposition of body not common 
 to another. Quincy. 
 
 Whether quails, from any idiosyncrasy or ])ecu- 
 liarity of constitution, do innocuously feed upon 
 hellebore, or rather sometimes but medicinally 
 use the same. Brown s Vulgar Errours. 
 
 J'he understanding also hath its idiosyncrasies, 
 
 as well as other faculties. Olanville's Scepsis. 
 
 I'DIOT. w. s. [idiote, Fr. idiota, Lat. 
 
 iJiwTrj;.] A fool; a natural; a changeling; 
 
 one without the powers of reason. 
 
 Life is a tale, 
 Told by an ideot, full of sound and fury, 
 Signifying nothing. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 What else dulh he herein, than by a kind of 
 circunilocution tell his humble suppliants that he 
 holds them ideots, or base wretches, not able to 
 get relief? Raleigh's Essays. 
 
 By idle boys and ideots vilify'd, 
 Who me and my calamities deride. Sandys. 
 
 fllaiiy irfeots will believe that they sec what they 
 only hear. Dennis. 
 
 I'diotism. n.s. [idiotisme,Vr. .'JiaiTio-jno!.] 
 
 1. Peculiarity of expression ; mode of ex- 
 pression peculiar to a language. 
 
 Scholars sometimes in common speech, or writ- 
 ing, in their native language, give terminations and 
 idrolis7ns suitable to their native language unto 
 words newly invented. Hale. 
 
 2. Folly ; natural imbecility of mind. 
 
 I'DLE. adj. [ybel, Sax.] 
 
 1. Lazy; averse from labour. 
 
 For shame ! so much to do, and yet idle. Bull. 
 
 2. Not engaged ; affording leisure. 
 
 For often have you writ to her ; and she in 
 modestj'. 
 Or else for want of idfc time, could not again reply. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Unactive ; not employed. 
 No war or battle's sound 
 
 \\ as heard the world around. 
 
 The idle spear and shield were high up hung. Mi/ton. 
 
 Children generally hate to be id/e ; all the cart 
 then is. that their busy hunn mr should be constant- 
 ly employed in something of use to them. Locke. 
 
 Supposing, among a multitude embarked in the 
 same vesselj'^there are several that in a tempest 
 will rather perish than work ; would it not be mad- 
 ness in the rest to stand idle, and rather chuse to 
 sink than do more than comes to their share ? 
 
 Add'ison. 
 
 4. Useless ; vain ; ineffectual. 
 
 They astonish'd, all resistance lost, 
 All courage ; dow.T their idle weapons dropp'd. 
 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 And threat'ning France, plac'd like a painted Jove 
 
 Held idle thunder in his lifted hand. Dryden. 
 
 Where was then 
 The power that guards the sacred lives of kings.' 
 Why slept the lightning and the thunder bolts. 
 Or bent their idle rage on fields and trees. 
 When vengeance call'd 'em here ? Drydtn. 
 
 5. Unfruitful ; barren ; not productive of 
 good. 
 
 Of antres vast, and desarts idle. 
 It was my bent to speak. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 The murmuring surge. 
 That on th' unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes. 
 Cannot be heard so high. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 He was met even uuw, 
 Crown'd with rank fuuiiter and furrow weeds. 
 Darnel, and all the i<Ue weeds that grow 
 In our sustaining corn. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 G. Trifling ; of no importance : as, an idU 
 story. 
 
 Suffice it then, thou money god, quoth he. 
 That all thine idle oflTers I refuse ; 
 All that I need I have : what needeth me 
 ■Jo covet more than 1 have cause to use ? fairy Q 
 
 932
 
 I D L 
 
 ThU answer is both idle in regard of us, and 
 repugnant to ihemselves. Hiytker. 
 
 i'hey are not, in our estimation, idle reproofs, 
 when the authors of needless innovations are op- 
 posed with such negatives, as that of Leo: how 
 are these new devices brouglit in, which our fa- 
 liiers never knew ? Hooker. 
 
 His friend srail'd scornful, and, with proud 
 contempt. 
 Rejects as idle what his fellow dreamt. Dryden. 
 
 An idle reason lessens tlie weight of the good 
 ones you gave before. Swift. 
 
 He wishes to recal the precious hours he has 
 spent in trifles, and loitered away in idle unprofit- 
 able diversions. Rogers. 
 
 To Idle. v. ?u [from the adjective.] To 
 lose time in laziness and inactivity. 
 
 Yet free from this poetick madness. 
 Nest page he says, in sober sadness, 
 That she, and alf her fellow-gods, 
 Sit idling in theithigh abodes. P'-tor. 
 
 Idlehe'aded. adj. [idle and head.] 
 
 1. Foolish ; unreasonable. 
 
 These idleheaded seekers resort thither. Carew. 
 
 2. Delirious ; infatuated. 
 
 Upon this loss she fell idleheadedy and to this 
 very day stands near the place still. IS^istrange. 
 
 ['dleness. n. s. [from idle.'] 
 
 1. Laziness; sloth; sluggishness; aver- 
 sion from labour, 
 
 Nor is excess the only thing by which sin breaks 
 men in their health, and the comfortable enjoyment 
 of themselves ; but many are also brought to a very 
 ill and languishing habit of body by mere idlene^, 
 and idleness is both itself a great sin, and the cause 
 of many more. South's Sermons. 
 
 2. Absence of employment. 
 
 All which yet could not make us accuse her, 
 though it made us pine away for spite, to lose anv 
 of our time in so troublesome an idleness. Sidney. 
 
 He, fearing idleness, tlie nurse of ill, 
 la sculpture exercised his iiappy skill. Dnjden. 
 
 Nature being liberal to a.l without labour, ne- 
 cessity imposing nn industry or travel, idleness 
 bringeth forth no other fruits than vain tlioughts 
 and licentious pleasures. Raleigh. 
 
 i. Omission of business. 
 
 Ten thousand harms, more than the ills I know, 
 My idleness doth hatch. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleopati'a. 
 4. Unimportance ; trivialness. 
 
 To the English court assemble now. 
 From ev'ry region, apes of idleness. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Inefficacy ; uselessness. 
 
 d. Barrenness; worthlessness. 
 
 7. Unreasonableness ; waut of judgment ; 
 
 foolishness ; madness. 
 There is no heat of affection, but is joined with 
 
 tome idleness of brain. Bacons War with Spain. 
 
 I'dler. n. s. [from idle,] A lazy person; 
 a sluggard. 
 
 Many of these poor fishermen and idlers, that 
 are commoHly presented to his majesty's ships, are 
 so ignorant in sea-service, as that they know not 
 the name of a rope. Raleigh. 
 
 Thou sluggish iiller, dilatory slave ! hate. 
 
 I'dly. adv. [from idle.] 
 
 1. Lazily ; without employment. 
 
 I will slay myself. 
 For living idly here in pomp and ease. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Foolishly ; in a trifling manner. 
 
 And modern Asgii, whose capricious thought 
 Is yet with stores of wilder noiinns fraught, 
 Too soon convinc'd, shall yield that Heeling breath. 
 Which play'd so idly with the darts of death. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. Carelessly ; without attention. 
 
 But shall we take the muse abroad, 
 To drop her idly on the road ? 
 And leave our subject in the middle, 
 As Butler did his bear and fiddle? ^rior. 
 
 4. Ineffectually ; vainly. 
 
 I D O 
 
 Let this and other allegations, suitable unto it, 
 cease to bark any longer idly against the truth, llie 
 course and passage whereof it is not in ihfni to 
 hinder. }iooker. 
 
 IDOL. n. s. [idole, Fr. ti^aXay] idolum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. An image worshipped as God. 
 
 They did sacrifice upon the idol altar, which 
 was upon the altar of God. 1 Mac. i. 59. 
 
 A nation from one faithful man to spring, 
 Him on this side Euphrates vet residing, 
 Bred up in idol worship. Milton's Paradise ZmsI. 
 
 The apostle is there arguing against the gnosticks 
 who joined in the idol feasts, and whom he there- 
 fore accuses of participating of the idol god, 
 
 Attcrbury. 
 
 2. A counterfeit. 
 
 Woe to the idol shepherd that leaveth the flock. 
 
 Zech. ii. 17. 
 
 3. An image. 
 
 Never did art so well with nature strive. 
 Nor ever idol seem'd so much alive ; 
 So like the man, so golden to the sight; 
 So base within, so counterfeit and light. Dryden. 
 
 4. A representation. Not in use. 
 
 Men behoidinw so great excellence, 
 And rare perfection in mortality, 
 
 Do her adore with sacred reverence, 
 As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. 
 
 Fairy Quceii. 
 
 5. One loved or honoured to adoration. 
 
 He's honour'd and lov'd by all ; 
 The soldier's god, and people's idol. 
 
 Dcnham^s Sophy. 
 
 tDO'LATER. n. s. [idolatre, Fr. idolaira, 
 Lat.] One who pays divine honours to 
 images ; one who worships for God that 
 which is not God. 
 
 The state of idolaters is two ways miserable : 
 first, in that which they worship they find no 
 succour; and secondly, at his hands, whom they 
 oupht to serve, there is no other thing to be looked 
 for butlheeffectsof most just displeasure, the with- 
 drawing of grace, dereliction in this world, and 
 in the world to come confusion. Hooker. 
 
 An astrologer may be no Christian ; he ma3' be 
 an idolater or a pagan ; but I would hardly think 
 astrology to be compatible with rank atheism. 
 
 Bentley's Sermons. 
 
 To Ido'latrize. r. a. [from idolater.] 
 To worship idols. Ainsworth. 
 
 Ido'latrous. adj, [from idolater.] Tend- 
 ing to idolatry ; comprising idolatry, or 
 the worship of false gods. 
 
 Neither may the pictures of our Saviour, the 
 apostles, and martyrs of the church, be drawn to 
 an idolatrous use, ur be set up in clmrches t'> be 
 worshipped. Peacham on Draicing. 
 
 Ido'latrously. adv, [from idolatrous.] 
 In an idolatrous manner. 
 
 Not therefore whatsoever idolaters have either 
 thought or dune ; but let whatsoever the}' have 
 either thought or done idolatronsly, he so far forth 
 abhorred. Hooker. 
 
 Ido'latry. 71, s. [idolatricy Fr. idolo- 
 latrioy Lat.] The worship of images ; 
 the worship of any thing as God which 
 is not God. 
 
 Thou shalt be worship'd.kiss'd, lov'd ,andador'd; 
 And, were lliere sense in his idolatry, 
 My substance should be statued in thy stead. 5/mA:. 
 
 Idolatry is not only nn accounting or worship- 
 ping that for God which is not GodT but it is ako 
 a worshipping the true God in a way unsuitable 
 to his nature ; and particularly by the mediation 
 of images and c<jrporeal resemblances. Simth. 
 
 The kings were distiniiuished by judgments or 
 blessings, according as they pronittted idolatry, nr 
 the worship of the true God. Addi&un's Spectator. 
 
 Ido'list. w. s. [from idoL] A worship- 
 per of images. A poetical word. 
 
 J E A 
 
 I to GoJ have brought 
 Dishonour, obloquv, and op'd the mouths 
 Of idoiuts and atheists. Milton's Agoniuti 
 
 To I DO LIZE. V. a, [from idol.] To love or 
 reverence to adoration. 
 
 Those who are generous, humble, just, and wise. 
 Who not their gold, nor themselves idolize. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Parties, with the greatest violation of Christian 
 
 unity, denominate themselves, not from the grand 
 
 author and finisher of our faith, but from the first 
 
 broacher of their idolized opinions. Decay of Piety ^ 
 
 Id'oneous. adj. [idoncus, Lat.] Fit; 
 proper; convenient; adequate. 
 
 You entangle, and so fix their saline part, by 
 making them corrode some iJoneoiu budy. Boyle, 
 
 An ecclesiastical benefice is sometimes voitTde 
 Jure ^; facto, and then it ought to be conferred on 
 an idoneous person. Aylife, 
 
 Fdyl. 71. s. [£l^C?J,^ov ; idt/llium, Lat.] A 
 
 small short poem. 
 
 L E. for id est, or that is. 
 
 That which raises the natural interest of money, 
 is the same tliat raises the rent of land, i. e. its apt- 
 ness to bring in yearly*, to him that manages it, a 
 greater overplus of income above his 'enl, as a re- 
 ward to his labour. LockCm 
 
 JEALOUS, adj. [jaloux, Fr.] 
 
 L Suspicious in love. 
 
 To both these sisters have X sworn ray love: 
 Vidch jealous of the otlier, as the stung 
 Are of the adder. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Wear your eye thus ; not jealous, nor secure : 
 I would not have your free and ncibje nature. 
 Out of self-bounty, be abus'd : look to'l. Shakesp. 
 Mistress Ford, the honest wom<tn, the virtuous 
 creature, that ha'-h ih^ Jealous fool to her husband \ 
 
 Shakesp 
 Ajealous empress lies within your arras, 
 Too haughty to endure neglected charms. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Emulous ; full of competition. 
 
 1 could not, without extreme reluctance, resign 
 the theme of your beauty to another hand : give 
 me leave to acquaint the world that I am jealous 
 of this subject. Dryden. 
 
 3. Zealoubly cautious against dishonour. 
 
 1 ha*e been v^ry Jealous for the Lord God cf 
 hosts. 1 Kings. 
 
 4. Suspiciously vigilant. 
 
 I am Jealous over you with godly jealousy. 
 
 S tV. ii. 2. 
 
 His apprehensions, as his jealous nature had 
 much oi sagacitv in it, or his restless and mutinous 
 humour, transported liim. Clarendon 
 
 5. Suspiciously carefid. 
 
 Although he were a prince in military Tirlue 
 approved, and jealous of the hoiiour of the English 
 nation ; yet hfs cruelties and parricides weighed 
 down his virtues. Bacon's Henry A IL 
 
 They^Va/in« of their secrets, fiercely oppos'd 
 My journey strangv, with clamorous uproar 
 Protesting fate supreme. Milton. 
 
 How nicely j>(i/im5 is every one of us of his own 
 repute, and Nct how nialiciously prodigal of other 
 niL-u's ? ' Decay of Pietu. 
 
 G. Suspiciously fearful, 
 
 Tis doing wrong creates such doubts as inese ; 
 Renders usjeaUms, and desUovs our peace. 
 
 KaUei: 
 
 AVhile tlie people are so jeaitnis of the clergy's 
 ambition, I do not !^ee any other metljod left tor 
 them to reform the world,* than by using all honest 
 arts to make tliemselvcs acceptable to tne laity. 
 
 Suit't. 
 Jea'lovsv. 71. s. [jalotisiej Fr. from 
 
 jealous.] 
 1. Suspicion in love. 
 
 But gTiawingjVaAxtsy, out of their sight 
 Sitting alone, his bitter lips did bite. Fairy Queen. 
 
 How all the other passions fleet to air. 
 As doubtful thimghts, and rash embrac'd despair ; 
 A.id shuddVin^ fear, and green-eyed jeoitmsy.' 
 O love, be moderate ; allay thine extasy. SHakt^, 
 
 933
 
 J E L 
 
 Why did you suffer Jachimo, 
 Slielit tiling; uf Ilalv, 
 Totaiiit liis iiuhic heart and brain 
 Willi neeilless jeaiiuisy ? Shakesp. Cymbeline. 
 
 Smail jealousies, 'tis true, inflame desire; 
 Too great, not fan, but quite blow out the fire. 
 
 Drydcn 
 
 2. Suspicious fear. 
 
 1 lie i]li5iinacv in Essex in refusing to treat with 
 the king, proceeded only from his jealousy, that 
 wljeii liie kiiiL' had go"t him into his hands he 
 would take revciii;e upon him. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Suspiciouscaution, vigilance, or rivalry. 
 
 Jealousy, adv. [front jia/oiis.] Sus- 
 piciously ; emulously ; with suspicious 
 fear, vigilance, or caution. 
 
 Je'alousness. n. s. [i'l-um jealous.] The 
 state of being jealous ; rivalry ; suspi- 
 cion ; sus])icious vigilance. 
 
 Nor is it luird for thee to preserve me amidst 
 tlie un just lialredand_/>a/(>uS7!Css of too many, "hich 
 tliouhasl suiiered to prevail upon me. King Charles. 
 
 To JEER. I', n. [Of uncertain etymology.] 
 To scoff; to flout ; to make mock. 
 
 The merry world did on a day. 
 With Ills irainbands and mates, agree 
 
 To meet together where I lay. 
 And all ia sport to jeer at me. Herbert. 
 
 Abstain from dissolute laughter, petulant uii- 
 comelv jests, loud lalki..g and jeering, which are 
 callcd'indecencies, and incivilities. Taylor. 
 
 To Jeer. v. a. To treat with scoffs. 
 
 My children abroad are driren to disavow me, 
 for fear of hehv.: jeered . Hoiicl's England's Tears. 
 Jeer. n. s. [from the verb.] Scoff; taunt ; 
 biting jest; flout; jibe; mock. 
 
 Midas, expos'd to all theirjeers. 
 Had lost his art, and kept his ears. Suiji. 
 
 They tipt the forehead in ajeer. 
 As who should say — she wants it here ; 
 She may be handsome, young, and rich ; 
 But none will burn her for a witch. Swift. 
 
 Jeerer. n. s. [fromjVer.] A scoffer; a 
 
 sconier : a mocker. 
 Je'eringly. adv. [i'vomjetring.] Scorn- 
 fully ; contemptuously ; in mock ; in 
 
 scoff. 
 
 He jeeringly demandeth, whether the sonorous 
 rays are refracted : Derham. 
 
 Je'gget. w. s. A kind of sausage. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 JEJU'NE. adj. [jejunus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Wanting; empty; vacant 
 
 Gold is the only substance which hath nothins 
 in it volatile, and yet melteth without much dif- 
 ficulty ; the melthig sheweth that it is noi jejune, 
 or scarce in spirit. Hacon. 
 
 2. Hungry ; not saturated. 
 
 In gross and turbid streams there niiglit be con- 
 tained nutriment, and not inje;u7ie or limpid water. 
 
 Broien. 
 
 3. Dry ; unaffecting ; deficient in matter. 
 You may look upon an enquiry made up of 
 
 mere narratives, as somewhat jey»ne. Boyle. 
 
 Jeju'NENESS. n. s. [tvom jejune.] 
 
 J . Penury ; poverty. 
 
 Causes of fi.iation are, the even spreading both 
 parts, and ihejejuneness, or extreme comminution 
 of spirits. Bacon 
 
 2. Dryness ; want of matter that can en- 
 gage the attention. 
 
 Jellied, adj. [See Gelly.] Gluti- 
 nous ; brought to a state of viscosity. 
 
 The kiss that sips 
 The jellied philtre of her lips. Cleaveland. 
 
 Je'lly. n. s. [gelatiiium, Lat.] See Gel- 
 LY, vvl:ich is the proper ortliography. 
 
 ). Any thing brought to a state of gluti- 
 noiisness and viscosity. 
 
 J E R 
 
 Tliey, distili'd 
 Almost to jelly with th' effect of fear. 
 Stand dumb, and speak not to him. Shakesp. 
 
 2- Sweetmeat made by boiling sugar in 
 the jelly. 
 
 The desert came on, and ;e(/!«s brought. King, 
 'i'hai jelly's rich, this malmsey healing ; 
 Pray dip your whiskers. Pope's Sat. o)' Horace. 
 
 Jenneting, n. s. [corrupted from 
 Juneting, an apple ripe in .hine.] A 
 sjiecies of apple soon ripe, and of a plea- 
 sant taste. Mortimei 's Husbandry . 
 
 Je'nnet. n. s. [See Gen net.] A 
 Spanish horse. 
 
 The Spanish king presents ajennet, 
 'I'o shew his love. Prior. 
 
 To Jeopard, v. a. [See JEOPARDY.] 
 To hazard ; to put in danger. Obsolete. 
 
 Hehad been accused of Judaism, and did boldly 
 
 leopard his body and life fur the religion of the Jews. 
 
 ^ 2 Mac. 
 
 Je'opardous. adj. [froin jeopardy.] 
 
 Hazardous ; dangerous. 
 JEOPARDY, n.s. [This word is supposed 
 to be derived from j' ai perdu, or jeu 
 perdu. Skinner and Junius.] Hazard ; 
 danger ; peril. A word not now in use. 
 
 And would ye not poor fellowship expel. 
 Myself would otTer you t'accompany. 
 In this adventure's chanceful jei>/7ardi/. Hubberd. 
 
 Ihy rage shall burn thee up, and thou shalt turn 
 To ashes ere our blood shall quench that fire: 
 Look to thyself, thou art 'm jeopardy. Shakesp. 
 
 We may impute to all excellencies in compo- 
 sitions a kind of poverty, or at least a casualty or 
 jcopardij. Bacon. 
 
 To Jerk. r.a. [jepeccan. Sax.] To strike 
 with a quick smart blow ; to lash. It is 
 sometimes written i/trk. 
 
 1 lack iniquity 
 Sometimes to do me service ; nine or ten times 
 1 thought to've jerk'd him liere under the ribs. Sha. 
 
 Bastings heavy, dry, obtuse. 
 Only dulness can proiluce ; 
 While a little gentlejer/cing 
 Sets the spirits all a-working. Swift. 
 
 To Jerk. v. n. To strike u|); to accost 
 eagerly. This seems to be the meaning 
 in this place, but is mere cant. 
 
 Nor hlush, should be some grave acquaintance 
 meet. 
 But, proud of being known, will jer/c and greet. 
 
 Uryden. 
 Jerk. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 1. A smart quick lash. 
 
 Contemn the silly taunts of fleering buffoonry ; 
 and the jerks of that wit, that is but a kind of 
 confident folly. _ Glunville. 
 
 Wit is not the ;'erfc or sting of an epigram, nor 
 the seeming contradiction of a poor antithesis, 
 neither is it so much the morality of a grave sen- 
 tence, afiected by Lucan, but more sparingly used 
 by Virgil. _ _ Dryden. 
 
 •2. A sudden .spring ; a quick jolt that 
 shocks or starts. 
 
 Well run Tawney, the abbot's churl ; 
 His jade gave him a jerk. 
 
 As he wcnild have his rider hurl 
 His liood after tlie kirk. Ben Jonson. 
 
 Lobsters use their tails as fins, wherewith they 
 
 conunonly swim backwards by jerks, or springs, 
 
 rt acVoing ten yards at once. Grew. 
 
 Je'kkin. 71. s. [c)Ti'celkin, Sax.] A 
 
 jacket; a short coat; a close waistcoat. 
 
 .\ man may wear it on both sides like a leather 
 jerkin. Shakesp. 
 
 Unless we should expect that nature should make 
 jerkins and stockings ^row out of the ground, what 
 could she do better than afford us wool ^ Mme. 
 
 Ima-ine an ambassador presenting himself in a 
 poor fnzt jerkin, and tattered cloaths, certainly lie 
 would have but small audience. So uth's Sermons. 
 
 JET 
 
 Then strip thee of thy carnal /erfcira. 
 And give thy outward fellow a firking. Hudibras. 
 
 1 walked into the sea, in my leathern /'erfcln, about 
 an hour before high water. CruUiier's Travels. 
 
 Jerkin, n. s. A kind of hawk. Ains- 
 
 jforth. This should be written gyrkin. 
 Je'rsey. n. s. [from the island of Jersey, 
 
 where much yarn is spun.] Fine yam 
 
 of wool. 
 Jeru'salem Artichokes, n. s. Sunflower, 
 
 of which they are a species. 
 
 Jerusalem artichokes are increased by small ofT- 
 sets, and by quartering the roots. Mortimer. 
 
 Jess. n. s. [gecte, Vt. gdto, Ital] Short 
 straps of leather tied about the legs of a 
 hawk, with which she is held on the fist. 
 
 Hanmer. 
 
 If I prove her haggard. 
 Though that my jesses were her dear heart strings; 
 I'd wTiistle her off, and let her down the wind 
 To prey at fortune. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 Jessamine, n. s. [See Jasmine.] A 
 fragrant flow-er. 
 
 Her goodly bosom, like a strawberry bed ; 
 Her neck, like to a bunch of cullara bines ; 
 
 Her breast like lilies, ere their leaves be shed ; 
 Her nipples, like youngblossora'd jessamines. Speni. 
 
 To Jest. v. n. [gesticulor, Lat.] To divert 
 or make merry by words or action. 
 
 Jest not with a rude man, lest thy ancestors be 
 disgraced. Eccles. viii. 4. 
 
 i-ear you the boar, and go so unprovided ? 
 —You may jest on : but I 3o not like these several 
 councils. Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 Jest. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Anj' thing ludicrous, or meant only to 
 raise laughter. 
 
 But is this true, or is it else your pleasure. 
 Like I'leasant travellers, to break ajcst 
 Upon the company you overtake ? Shakesp. 
 
 As for /est, there be certain things which ought 
 to be privileged from it ; namely, religion, mat- 
 ters of state, and great persons. Bacon. 
 
 No man ought to have the less reverence for the 
 principles of~religion. or for the holy scriptures, 
 because idle and profane wits can break jesls upon 
 them. Tillotson. 
 
 He had turn'd all tragedy to jest. Prior. 
 
 When you the dullest of dull things have said. 
 And then" ask pardon for the jfst you niade.J'oung. 
 
 2. The object of jests; laughing-stock. 
 
 If I suspect without cause, why then make snort 
 at me ; then let me be your,KS(, I deserve it. Shuk. 
 
 3. Manner of doing or speaking feigned, 
 not real ; ludicrous, not serious ; game, 
 not earnest. 
 
 That high All seer, which 1 dallied with. 
 Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head. 
 And giv'n in earnest, what Itegg'd in Jest. Shakesp. 
 
 When his playfellows chose him their king, he 
 spoke and did those things injfst.which would have 
 become a king in earnest. Grew. 
 
 Je'ster. n. s. [from jest.] 
 
 1. One given to meiTiment and pranks. 
 
 The skipping king, he rambled up and dvwn 
 With shallow /esters," and rash bavin wits ; 
 Soon kindledand soon burnt. Shakesp. Hehry IV. 
 
 2. One given to a sarcasm. 
 
 Now, as a jester, I accost you. 
 Which never yet one friend liath lost you. SuiJi. 
 
 .3. Buffoon ; " jackpudding. .\ jester, <>r 
 licensed scoffer, was kept at court to tlie 
 time of Charles the fii st. 
 
 Another sort of like loose fell./wsdo |;as5 up and 
 down, amongst gentlemen, by the name of j'tslen ; 
 but are, indeed, notable rogues, and parta'^ers not 
 only of many stealths, but also privy to many tr.-.i- 
 torous practices. Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 JET. 77. s. [jasac. Sax. get, Dut. gagates, 
 Lat.] 
 
 o;i4
 
 JEW 
 
 1. Jet is a beautiful fossil, of a firm and even 
 structure, and a smooth surface ; found 
 in masses, seldom of a great size, lodged 
 in clay ; of a fine deep black, having a 
 grain resembling tJiat of wood. It is 
 confounded with c^nalcoal, which has 
 no grain, and is extremely hard ; and tlie 
 jet is but moderately so. //(//. 
 
 Bliick, forsooth ; coal-lilack, as ;ct. Shakesp. 
 
 There is more difference between thj flesh and 
 liers, than between je( and ivory, Shakesp. 
 
 The bottom clear. 
 Now laid with many a set 
 
 Of seed pearl, ere she bath'd her there. 
 Was known as black as Jet. Drautim. 
 
 One of us in glass is set, 
 One of us you'll find mjet. Swift. 
 
 Under flowingjVf, 
 Tlie neck slight sliaded. " Thommn's Summer. 
 
 2. [Jet, Ft.] a spout or shoot of water. 
 Prodigious 'tis, that one attractive ray 
 
 Should this way bend, the next an adverse way I 
 For should th' iinseen tnagnetick Jets descend 
 All the same way, they could not gain their end. 
 
 BUickmore. 
 riius the sraalljrt, which hasty hands unlock, 
 Spurts in the gardiier's eves who turns the cock. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. A yard. Obsolete. 
 
 What orchard unrobhed escayies. 
 Or pullet dare walk in their Jft ? Tussir's Hiisb. 
 
 To Jet. v. n. [jetter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To shoot forward ; to shoot out ; to in- 
 trude ; to jut out. 
 
 I'hink you not how dangerous 
 It is to jet upon a prince's right ? Shakesp. 
 
 2. To sti'ut; to agitate the body by a 
 proud gait. 
 
 Coiiteniplatiou makes a rare turkey-cock of 
 him ; how nejet5 under his advanced plumes. Shak. 
 
 3. To jolt ; to be shaken, [jetter, Fr.] 
 
 Upon the jetting of a hackney-ccach she was 
 
 thrown out of the hinder seat against a bar of iron 
 
 in the forepart. Wiseman. 
 
 Je'tsam. 1 n. s. [jetter, Fr.] Goods or 
 
 Je'tson. J other things which, having 
 
 been cast over board in a stoi-m, or after 
 
 shipwreck, are thrown upon the shore, 
 
 and belong to the lord admiral. Bailey. 
 
 Je'tty. adj. [from je<.] 
 
 1. Made of jet. 
 
 2. Black as jet. 
 
 The people about Capo Negro, Cefala, and Ma- 
 dagascar, are of ^ jetty black. hroMm's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Her hair 
 Adowii her shoulders loosely lay display'd, 
 And in her jetl^ curls ten thousand Cupids play'd. 
 
 Prior. 
 Nigrina black, and IVIerdamante brown. 
 Vied for his love in jetty bow'rs below, Ptype. 
 
 JE'WEL. n.i. [joyaux, Fr.jeweelcn, Dut.] 
 
 1. Any ornament of great value, used 
 commonly of such as are adorned with 
 precious stones. 
 
 Here, wear this Jeii-eZ for me ; 'lis my picture. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 They found hira dead, and cast into the streets, 
 An empty casket, where the_/eu-e/, life. 
 By some riamn'd hand was robb'd and ta'en awav. 
 
 Shake^. 
 
 The pleasure of the religious man is an easy and 
 portable pleasure, such an one as he carries about 
 in bis bosom, without alarnii,.g cither the eye or 
 envy of the world : a man putting all his pleasures 
 into this one, is like a traveller's putting all liis 
 goods into unejeuet. South. 
 
 2. A precious stone ; a gem. 
 
 Jewels too, stones, rich and precious stones, 
 Stol'n by my dauHliter! Shakesp. Merch. of Venice. 
 
 Proud fame's imperial seat 
 Vt'ilhjewels blaz'd, magnificently great. Pope. 
 
 I F 
 
 3. A name of fonuness; an appellation of 
 tender regard. 
 
 Bid farewel to your sisters. 
 — \e jewels of our father, with wash'd eyes 
 Cordelia leaves you. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Je'wel-house, or Office, n. s. The place 
 where the regal ornaments are repositcd. 
 
 The king has made him master of the jewel- 
 hmtse. Shakes]}. 
 
 Jeweller, n. s. [from jewel. 1 One who 
 trafficks in precious stones. 
 
 These grains were as like little dice as if they 
 had been made by a jeweller. Bnyte. 
 
 The price of the "market to a jeweller in his 
 trade is one tliiiT^; but the intrinsick worth of a 
 thing to a man of sense is another. L.' Estrange. 
 
 I will turn jeweller: I shall then deal in dia- 
 monds, and all sorts of rich stones. Addison. 
 Jews-e.\RS. n. s. [from its resemblance of 
 the human ear. .Slniiiier] A fungus, 
 tough and thin ; and naturally, while 
 growing, of a rumpled figure, like a flat 
 and variously hollowed cup; from an inch 
 or two inches in length, and about two 
 thirds of its length in breadth. Its sides 
 in many places run into the hollow, so 
 as to represent in it ridges like those of 
 the human ear. It generally grows on the 
 lower parts of the trunks of elder-trees 
 decaying. The common people cure 
 themselves of sore throats w ith a decoc- 
 tion of it in milk. Hill's iMat. I\hd. 
 
 An herb called /eirs-ear growelh upon the lower 
 parts of elder, and' sometimes aslies: in warm water 
 it swelieth, and openelh extremely. Hacon. 
 
 Jews-h.\ep. n. s. A kind of musical 
 instrument held between the teeth, which 
 gives a sound by the motion of a broad 
 spring of iron, which, being struck by 
 the hand, plays against the breath. 
 
 Jev^'s-mallow. n. s. [corchorus, Lat.] 
 Ranwolf saj's it is sown in great plenty 
 about .'Xleppo as a pot-herb, the Jews 
 boiling the leaves of this plant to eat it 
 with their meat. Aliller. 
 
 Jews-stone, n. s. The clavated spine of 
 a very large egg-shaped sea-urchin, petri- 
 fied b}' long lying in the earth. It is of a 
 regular figure, oblong and rounded, swel- 
 lingin the middle,and gradually tapering ; 
 about three quarters of an inch in length, 
 and half an inch in diameter; ridged and 
 furrowed alteriuitely, in a longitudinal 
 direction ; and its colour is a pale duskj' 
 grey, with a faint cast of dusky reddish- 
 ness. It is found in SyTia.Hill'sMat.^Itd. 
 
 If, co,ijiinction. [j^ip. Sax.] 
 
 1 . Suppose it be so, or it were so, that. A 
 hypothetical particle. 
 
 .Absolute approbation, without any cautions, 
 qualifications. I'/i or ands. Hooker. 
 
 (/'that iehellion 
 Came like itself in base and abject routs ; 
 1 sav, if damn'd conunotion so appear'd. 
 In his true, native, and most proper shape, 
 Vtm, reverend father, and these noble lords. 
 Had not been there. Shakesp. Henrif IV. 
 
 //"they have done this deed, my noble lord. 
 
 —If! talk'st thou to me of i/s ? Thou art a 
 
 traitor. Shakesp. 
 
 This seeing of all things, because we can desire 
 
 to see all things, Malbrauche makes a proof that 
 
 they are present to our minds ; and if they be 
 
 present, they can no ways be present but by the 
 
 presence of 'God, who contains them all. Locke. 
 
 This infallibility upon supposition, amounts to 
 
 I G X 
 
 this, that if a, tiling be true, it is irapoasihle to be 
 false. TUtotwn. 
 
 All of then supposed the apostle tn have allowed 
 the Epicurean maxims to be good ; if' so be there 
 Wert iin resurrection. Atterburv. 
 
 'lisiphone, that ttft hast heard my prav'r 
 Assist, (/ Oedipus deserve lli^- care. Pope's Statius, 
 
 2. Whether or no. 
 
 Uiicc-rtain if by augury, or chance ; 
 But by this easy rise tliey all advance. Dryden, 
 
 She doubts ij two and two make four : 
 It can't — it may bc-^and it must ; 
 To which uf these must Alma trust ? 
 i^ny, further yet they make her go, 
 1m doubting if she duubts or no. Prior. 
 
 3. .\llowing that; suppose it be granted 
 that. 
 
 Such mechanical circumstances, if t may so call 
 them, were not necessary* to the experiments. Btnjle. 
 
 I'gneous. adj. [igneus, Lat.] Fiery; 
 containing fire ; emitting fire ; having 
 the nature of fire. 
 
 That the fire burns by heat, leaves us still igno- 
 rant of the immediate way of igneous solutions. 
 
 C'hnrilles Sct-psis. 
 
 I GN ('potent, adj, [i^is and potens, 
 Lat.] Presiding over fire. 
 
 Vulcan is called the pow'r ignipotent. Popt. 
 
 IGXIS FATUUS. n. s. [Ut.] Will with 
 the wisp; Jack with the lanthom. 
 
 \ apours arising from putrified waters are usually 
 
 cjillecl ignis fatui. Newton's Optieks. 
 
 To i'GNrrE. r. a. [from ignis fire, Lat.] 
 
 To kindle ; to set on fire. A chymical 
 
 term. 
 
 Take good firm chalk, ignite it iii a crucible, and 
 then powder it. Grcw*$ ilusieum. 
 
 Ignition. 7i.s. [ignition, Fr. from ignite.] 
 The act of kindling, or of .'etting on fire. 
 
 Ihe lahorant stirred the kindled niue, that the 
 ignition nii^ht be presently communicated. Boyle. 
 
 Those black circular lines we see on dishes, and 
 other turned vessels of wood, are the effects of ^- 
 nitio7i, by the pressure of an edged stick upon the 
 vessel turned nimbly in the lathe. Ray. 
 
 Igmtible. adj. [from ignite.] Inflam- 
 mable ; capable of being set on fire. Not 
 in use. 
 
 Such bodies rjily strike fire which have sulphur 
 or ignitihle parts. Browns Vulgar Err&urs. 
 
 Igni'vomous. adj. [ignivomus, Lat.] 
 A'omiting fire. 
 
 Vulcanos and igniiomous mountains are some of 
 the most terrible sliocks of the globe. Verham. 
 
 IGNO BLE. adj. [ignoble, Fr. isnvbilis, 
 
 L.it.] 
 
 1. Mean of birth; not noble; not of illus- 
 trious race. 
 
 As when in tumults rise t' ' ignoble crowd, 
 Blad are their notions, and their tongues are loud. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Wortliless; not deserving honour. IJsed 
 of things or persons. 
 
 1 lie noble isle doth want her proper limbs ; 
 Her royal stock graft with ignd>le plants. Shakesp. 
 
 Ignobly, flrfi'. [irom ignoble.] Ignomi- 
 niously ; meanly ; dishonourably ; re- 
 proachfully ; disgracefully. 
 
 To these, that sober race of men, whose lives 
 Religious, titled them the sons of God, 
 Shall yield up all their virtue, all tlieir fame 
 Ignobiii ! Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Here, over-malch'd in fight ; in heaps they lie ; 
 There scatter'd o'er the fields ignobly fly. Dryden. 
 
 Igno.mi'niovs. adj. [igtwminiev.r, Fr. 
 
 ignomiiiiosus, Lat.] Mean; shameful; 
 rcproachftil; dishonourable. Used both 
 of persons and things. 
 
 'I'hcy with pale fear surpriz'd. 
 Fled ignominious. RTiUon. 
 
 935
 
 I G N 
 
 Cethegus, though a traitor to the state, 
 And tortur'd, 'scap'd this ifimnmnious fate, Driid. 
 They gave, ami stie transterr'fl tlie curst advice. 
 That munarclis sliould tlieir inward suul disguise ; 
 By i^n'miinitni!' arts, fur servile ends, 
 Shoiild coinpiiintnt their fues, and sliun tlieir 
 friends. Piior. 
 
 Nor iias tills kingdom deserved to be spicrificed 
 to one single, rapacious, obscure, ignomini>ms pro- 
 jector. Swift. 
 Ionomi'niously. tiilv. [from ignomini- 
 ous.] Rleanlv ; scandalously; disgrace- 
 fully ; shamefully ; reproachfully. 
 
 It is some alhiy to llie infamy of iii«i wlio died 
 igmmwiiouslii to lie buried privately. .Snii(/i 
 
 rGN0MlNY.7i. s. [jg-»omi«iV, Fr. io-nomi- 
 nia, Lat.] Disgrace ; reproach ; shame ; 
 infamy; meanness; dishonour. 
 
 Adieu, and lake thy praise with thee toheav'n : 
 Thy ignomini) sleep with thee in the firave. S/ia/.«p. 
 
 Strength from truth divided, and from just, 
 lllaudabte, nought merits but dispraise 
 And igiiomlny ; yet to idory aspires. 
 Vain-glorious, aitd through infamy seeks fame. 
 
 Their generals liave been receiTed with honour 
 after their defeat, yours with ignominy after con- 
 quest. Addison. 
 
 IGNORAMUS, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. Ignoramus is a word properly used by 
 the grand inquest innpanneled in the in- 
 quisition of causes criminal andpublick ; 
 and written upon the bill, whereby any 
 crime is offered to their consideration, 
 when they mislike their evidence as 
 defective, or too weak to make good the 
 presentment : the efl'ect of wliich word 
 so written is, that all farther inquiry upon 
 that party, for that fault, is thereby 
 stopped, and he delivered without far- 
 ther answer. Com/. 
 
 2. A foolish fellow ; a vain uninstructed 
 pretender. A low word. 
 
 Tell an igJioramus, in place and power, that he 
 has a wit and an understanding above all the world, 
 and lie shall readily admit the commendation. Sout/i. 
 
 Ignorance, n s. [ignorance, Fr. igno- 
 ratio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Want of knowledge ; unlearncdness. 
 
 If all the clergy were as learned as themselves are 
 that most complain of ignorance in others, yet our 
 book of prayer might remain the same. Hooiier. 
 
 Ignorance is the curse of God, 
 Knowledge the wing wiierewith we fly to lieav'n. 
 
 Siiakesp. 
 
 Still banish your defenders, 'till at length 
 Your ignorance deliver you. 
 As most abated captives, to some nation 
 That won you without blows. Shakes]). 
 
 If we see right, we see our woes ; 
 Then what avails it to have eyes ? 
 
 From ignorance our comfort flows, 
 The only wretched are the wise ! Pjior. 
 
 2. Want of knowledge respecting some 
 particular thing. 
 
 It is in every body's power to pretend ignorance 
 of the law. _ Slierlock. 
 
 3. Want of knowledge discovered by ex- 
 ternal effect. In this sense it has a plural. 
 
 Forgive us all our sins, negligences, and igno- 
 rances. Common Prayer. 
 Punish me not for my sins and ignorances. Tob. 
 
 IGNORANT, adj. [ignorant, Fr. igno- 
 
 rans, Lat.] 
 1. Wanting knowledge; unlearned; un- 
 instructed ; unenlightened. 
 So foolish was I and ignorant, I was as a beast. 
 
 Psalm Ixxiii. 
 Thy letters have transported me beyond 
 This ign'rant present time, and I feel now 
 1h. future in the instant. %akesp. Macbeth. 
 
 J I G 
 
 In sucli business 
 Action is eloquence, and the eyes of th' ignorant 
 Mure learned than the ears. Shahesp. Coriolanus. 
 
 I'[e that duth iint know those tilings wliich are 
 of use lor him to know, is but an ignorant man, 
 whiiterer hrt may know besides. Tillotson. 
 
 Fools ^rant wlwiie'er ambition craves, 
 And men, once ignorant, are slaves. Pope. 
 
 "2. Unknown ; undiscovered. This is 
 merely poetical. 
 
 If you know aui:Iit, whicli does behove tny 
 knowledge 
 Thereof to be informed, imjuison't not 
 In i^nm-ant conct-alnient. iSJiukesp. Winter^s Tale, 
 
 3. \Vithout knowledge of some particular. 
 Let not jiidfjes be sn igHi^/Kuf of their own riLht, 
 
 as to think there is not left U> them, as a principal 
 part of their office, a wise a))piication of laws. 
 
 Baco7is Essays. 
 
 visions ill foreseen ! Better had 1 
 Liv'd ignorant of future ! so had borne 
 
 i\J>' part of evil only. I\]iUiyn's Paradise Lost. 
 
 4. Unacquainted with. In a good sense. 
 Ignoraiit of guilt, 1 fear not shame. Drijdcn. 
 
 5. Ignoranlly made or done. Unusual. 
 
 His shipping, 
 Poor ignorant Ijnubles, on our terrible seas 
 Like egg-shells niov'd. Shakesp. 
 
 I'gnorant. n. s. One untaught, unlet- 
 tered, uninstructed. 
 
 Did 1 for this take i)ains to teach, 
 Our zealous i^^norants to prt-ach ! Denham. 
 
 IVjnorantly. adv, [from ignorant ] 
 Without knowledge; unskilfully; witli- 
 otit information. 
 
 'I he greatest and nmst cruel foes we have. 
 Are those whom you would i^?jffra/i(/i/ save. Dryd. 
 
 When a poet, ati orator, or a painter lias per- 
 formed admirably, we sometimes mistake his blun- 
 ders for beauties, and are so ignorantly fond as to 
 cojjy after them. Watts. 
 
 To Ignore, v. a. [ignoreVf Fr. Ignoro, 
 Lat.] Not to know; to be ignorant of. 
 This word Poyle endeavoured to intro- 
 duce ; but it has not been received. 
 
 1 ignored not the strJclcrinlerprefalion, given by 
 modern critlcks to divers texts, by me ailedged. 
 
 Philosophy would solidly be established, if men 
 would more carefully distinguisli th;)se things that 
 they know from those that tliey ignore. Bovle. 
 
 Igno'scible. aflj. [ignoscibiliSf Lat.] 
 Capable of pardon. Diet, 
 
 JIG. 71, s. [gig(t, Ital. gdgey Teut. a fid- 
 dle.] A light careless dance, or tune. 
 
 When Cyrus had overcome the Lydians, that 
 were a warlike nation, instead of their warlike 
 musick, he appi>inled to tliem certain lascivious 
 lays and loose ;i^s; by which he so mollified and 
 aljated their courage, that they forgot their former 
 fierceness. Spenser on Ireland 
 
 As fiddlers still. 
 Though they be paid to be gone, yet needs will 
 Thrust one more Jig upon you. Donne. 
 
 Posterity shall know that you dare, in thesej'i^- 
 given times, to countenance a legitimate poem. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 All tlie swains tliat there abide. 
 With /7^s and rural dance resort. Millon. 
 
 The muses bluslt'd to see theJr friends exalting 
 TliDse elegant delights o^jig and vaulting. Fenton. 
 
 They wl-ote to her friends in the country, that 
 she should dance ajig- next October in V\ estminster 
 hail. - Arbuthnot. 
 
 Another Piirebus, thy own'PhoBl*"^ reigns, 
 Joys in my Jigs, and dances ni my chains. Pttpe. 
 
 To JiG. V. 71, [from the noun.] To dance 
 carelessly ; to dance. Expressed in con- 
 tempt. 
 
 As for ^y^f^ Jigging part and figures of dances, I 
 count that little. Locke. 
 
 Jig-maker, n. s, [jig and make,] One 
 who dances or plays merrily. 
 
 I L I 
 
 Your only jig-maker '. what should a man do 
 but be merry ? Shakesp. HamUt. 
 
 J'iGGUMBOB. n. s. [A cant word.] A 
 trinket ; a knick-knack ; a slight contri- 
 vance in machinery. 
 
 He rifled all his pokes and fobs 
 Ofgimcrncks, whims, and _7i^gum6ofc5. Hudibra$. 
 
 JILT. n. s. [gi/ia, Islandick, to intrap in an 
 amour. Mr. Lye. Perhaps from gig/ol, 
 by contraction ; or gillet, or gillot, the 
 diminutive of gill, tlie ludicrous name 
 of a woman. 'Tis also called jillet in 
 Scotland.] 
 
 1. A ^^'oman who gives her lover hopes, 
 and deceives him. 
 
 Avoid both courts and camps, 
 Where dilatory fortune plays the jilt 
 With the brave, nuble, honest, gallant man. 
 To throw herself riway on fools. Otway^s Oi'phan. 
 
 2. A name of contempt for a woman. 
 
 When love was all an easy monarch's care. 
 Jilts riil'd the state, and statesmen farces writ.Popr. 
 
 To Jilt. i>. a. [from the noun.] To trick 
 a man by flattering his love with hopeg^ 
 and then leaving him for another. 
 
 Tell who loves who ; 
 And who isjiited for another's sake. Dryden. 
 
 'I'ell a man, passioiiately in love, that he isjiited; 
 brine witnesses of the falsehood of his mistress, 
 and lliree kind words of hers shall invalidate all 
 their testimonies. Locke. 
 
 To Jilt. v. n. To play the jilt ; to prac- 
 tise amorous deceits. 
 
 She might have learn'd to cuckold, J(7t and sham, 
 Had Covent garden been at Surinam. Congreve. 
 
 To Jingle, v. n. [A word made from 
 jangle, or copied from the sound intend- 
 ed to be expressed.] To clink ; to sound 
 with a kind of sharp rattle. 
 
 Wliat should the wars do with these jingling 
 fools ? Shakesv. 
 
 With noises 
 Of roaring, shrieking, hov/Vin ft, jingling chains. 
 We were awaked. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pop«. 
 
 You ne'er with jingling words deceive the ear ; 
 And yet, on humlile subjects, great appear. Smith. 
 
 What crowds of these, impenitently bold. 
 In sounds and jingling syllables grown old ! Pope. 
 
 Jingle, n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Any clink, or sharp rattle. 
 
 2. It is used, I think, improperly, to ex- 
 press the correspondence of sound in the 
 effects of rhyme. 
 
 Vulgar judges are nine parts in ten of all nations, 
 who call conceits and /inff/es wit. Dryden. 
 
 .3. Any thing sounding ; a rattle ; a bell. 
 
 If you plant where savages are, do not only en- 
 tertain them witii trifles and jingles, but use them 
 justly. Bacons Essayt. 
 
 Ile. w. s. [corrupted fiom aisle, Fr.] A 
 walk or alley in a church or publick 
 building. Properly aile. 
 
 Upward the columns shoot, the roofs ascend. 
 And arches widen, and long iles extend. Popi. 
 
 Ile. n.s. [aisle, Fr.] An earof corn.^in«i». 
 
 ILEUSin. s. [Lat.] 
 
 An ileus, commonly called the twisting of the 
 puts, is really either a circumvolution, or insertion 
 of one part o'f the gut within the other. Arbuthnot. 
 ILEX. n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 The !(<f.r, or great scarlet oak, thrives well m 
 England, is a hardy sort of tree, and easily raised 
 of acorns. The Spaniards have a sort they call cn- 
 zina ; the wood of which, when old, is filiely cham- 
 bletted, as if it were painted. Mm-timer. 
 
 Iliac, adj. [ilincus, Lat.] Relating to 
 the lower bowels. 
 
 The i(iac passion is a kind of convulsion in the belly. 
 
 936
 
 I L L 
 
 I MAC Passion. A kind of nervous cholic, 
 ■whose seat is the ilium, whereby that 
 gut is twisted, or one part enters the 
 cavity of the part immediately below or 
 above; whence it is also called the vol- 
 vulus, from rolvo to roll. 
 
 Those who die of the iliac passion hav« their bel- 
 lies niucli swelled. Ftnyer an the Hiuiwurs. 
 
 Ilk. adj. [ealc, Sax.] The same. It is 
 still retained in Scotland, and denotes 
 each ; as, ilk ane of you, every one of 
 you. It also signifies, the same ; as, 
 Macintosh of that ilk, denotes a gentle- 
 man whose .surname and the title of his 
 estate are the same ; as, Macintosh of 
 Macintosh. 
 
 Shepherds, should it not ^shend 
 Your roundels fresh, to hear a ditleful verse 
 Of Rosalind, who knows not Rosalind, 
 That Colin made' ith can 1 30U rehearse. Spenser 
 
 III. adj. [contracted from Evil, and re 
 taining all its senses.] 
 
 1. Bad in any respect; contrary to good, 
 whether physical or moral ; evil. See 
 Evil. 
 
 There some ill planet reijrns ; 
 [ must he patient, 'till the Heavens look 
 With an aspect more favourable. Shahesp, 
 
 Of his own body he was ill, and gave 
 The clergy ill e.vaiiiple. Shahesp. Hen. Vlll. 
 
 Neither is it ill air f»nly that niaketh an ill seat 
 but ill ways, ill markets]! and (7/ neighbours. 
 
 Bacms Essays, 
 
 Some, of an ill and melancholy nature ; incline 
 the company to be sad and ill-disposed: others, 
 of a jovial nature, dispose them to be merry. 
 
 hacon. 
 
 2. Sick ; disordered; not in health. I 
 know not that evil is ever used in this 
 sense. 
 
 You wish me health in very happy season ; 
 For 1 am on the sudden something ill. Shahesp. 
 
 I have known two towns of the greatest conse- 
 quence lost, by the yovernours falling ill in the 
 time of the sieges. Temple. 
 
 Ill n. s. 
 
 1. Wickedness; depravity; contrariety to 
 holiness. 
 
 Ill, to man's nature, as it stands perverted, hath 
 a natural motion strooHcst in c-ntinuance. Bacon. 
 
 Young men to imitate all ills are [irone ; 
 But arc compell'd to avarice alone ; 
 For then in virtue's shape they follow vice. Drud. 
 
 StroUL! virtue, like strong nature, struggles still. 
 Exerts itself, and then throws olf the ill. Dryden. 
 
 2. Misfortune ; misery. 
 
 Who can all sense of others ills escape, 
 Is but a brute at best in human sha|)C. Tale's Juv. 
 
 Though piung'd in ills and exercis'd in care. 
 Yet never let tlie nobler mind despair ; 
 When prest by danters, and beset with foes. 
 The gods their timely succour interpose ; 
 And when our virtue sinks, o'erwhelm'd with grief. 
 By unforeseen expedients bring relief. A. Bhillips. 
 
 III. cciv. 
 
 1. Not well ; not rightly in any respect. 
 
 _ ill at ease, both she and all her train 
 The scorching sun had borne, and healing rain. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. Not easily; with pain ; with difficulty. 
 
 'I'liou desir'st 
 The punishment all on tliyseli! alas! 
 Bear thin? own first ; ill able to sustain 
 His full wrath, whose thou fecl'st as yet least part, 
 And my displeasure bear'st so ill. Milton. 
 
 Ill bears the sex a youthful lover's fate, 
 Whin just approaching to the nuptial stale. Drvd. 
 
 Ill, substantive or adverb, is used in 
 composition to express any bad quality 
 
 Vol. J. 
 
 I L L 
 
 or condition, which may be easily un- 
 derstood by the following examples. 
 Ill, substantive. 
 
 Dangerous conjectures in (//-brreding minds. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 1 liave an j7/-divining soul : 
 Methinksl see thee, now thou art below, 
 As one dead in tlie bottom of a tomb. Shahesp 
 
 No look, no last adieu before be went ! 
 In an ill boding hour to slaughter bent. Dryd. JEn. 
 
 1 know 
 The voice ill boding, and the solemn sonnd. Phillips. 
 
 The wisest prince on earth ma_y be deceived by 
 the craft of ill designing men. Swift's Examiner. 
 
 Your ill meaning politician lords, 
 Under pretence of bridal friends and guests, 
 Appoii.tcd to await me thirty spies, 
 W tio threat'ning cruel death, constrain'd the bride 
 To wring from me and tell to them my secret. Milt. 
 
 A spy distinguish'd from his airy stand, 
 To bride whose vigilance, j^gistbus told 
 A mighty sum of ill persuading gold. Pope. 
 
 III. adverb. 
 
 There sounded an ill according cry of the ene- 
 mies, and a lamentable noise was carried abroad. 
 Wisd. xviii. 10, 
 My colleague. 
 Being so ill att'ecled with the gout, 
 Will not be able to be there in person. Bni Jimson. 
 
 The e.vamples 
 Of every minute's instance, present now, 
 Have put us in these HI beseeming arms. Shahesp. 
 
 Lead back thy Saxons to their ancient Elbe ; 
 1 would restore the fruitful Kent, the gift 
 Of Vortigern, or Hengist's ill bought aid. Dryd. 
 
 We simple toasters take delight 
 To see our women's teeth look white 
 And ev'ry saucy ill bred fellow 
 Sneers at a moutii profoundly yellow. Prior. 
 
 The ungrateful treason of her ill chosen liusband 
 overthrows her. Sidnep. 
 
 Envy, how does it look ? How meagre and ill 
 complexioned ? It preys upon itself, and exhausts 
 the spirits. Collier. 
 
 Ihere grows, 
 In my most ill cumpos'd atfection such 
 A slanchless avarice, tliat, were I king, 
 I should cut off the nobles for ilieir lauds. Shak. 
 
 To what end this ill concerted lye. 
 Palpable and gross ? Drydcn's Don Sebatian. 
 
 Our generals at present are such as are likely to 
 make the best use of their numbers, without throw- 
 ing them away on any HI concerted projects. 
 
 Addison on the War. 
 
 The second daughter was a peevish, forward, 
 ill conditioned creature as ever was. Arbulhnot. 
 
 A'o Persian arras hides his homely walls 
 W'ith antick vests, which, through their shady fold, 
 Betray the streaks of ill dissembled gold. Vrpd. 
 
 Vou shall not lind me, daughter, 
 After the slander of most step-mothers, 
 III ey'd unto you. Shahesp. Cymbeime. 
 
 I see thy sister's tears, 
 Thy father's anguish, and thy brother's death, 
 In the pursuit of our ill fated loves. Addison. 
 
 Others ill fated are condcnuj'd to toil 
 Their tedious life. Prior. 
 
 Plain and rough natare, left to itielf, is much 
 better than an artificial ungratefulness, and such 
 studied uays of being ill fashioned. Locke. 
 
 Much be'tter, when I tind virtue in a fair lodg- 
 ing, than when lam bound to seek it In an ill 
 favoured creature, like a pearl in a dungliill. 
 
 Sidney. 
 
 Near to an old ill favoured castle tbe^' meant 
 to perfurm tlieir unknigbtly errand. Sidney. 
 
 If a man liad but an j7/ favoured nose, the deep 
 tliinkers woubi contrive to impute the cause to 
 the prejudice of bis education. Su'if't. 
 
 I was at her house the hour she appointed. 
 —And you sped, sir? 
 —Very ill favouredly. Shahesp. 
 
 They would not make bold, as every where 
 they do, to detroy ill formed and mis-shaped pro- 
 ductions, ' Locke. 
 
 The fabled dragon never guarded more 
 The golden fleece, than he his ill got store. 
 
 Dryd. Juv. 
 
 I L L 
 
 Bid him employ bis care for tlie?c my friends, 
 And make good use of his ill golien power, 
 l^y ibelt'ring men much better than liimsclf. 
 
 Addium's Catv. 
 
 Ill govem'd passions in a prince's breast, 
 
 Hazard his private and the public rest. IValUr. 
 
 That knowledge of theirs is very superficial and 
 
 ill grounded. Driiden's Uujrtsiwy. 
 
 JU grounded passions quickly wear away ; 
 What's built upon esteem can ne'er decay. U'aUh. 
 
 Hither, of t/i joiu'd sons and daughter'?! bom. 
 First from tlie ancient world these giants came. 
 
 MiUon. 
 Nor has he erred above once by i// ju'lgcd su- 
 perfluity. • _ Garth. 
 Did you never taste delicious drink nut of an 
 ill looked vessel ? L' Estrange . 
 The match bad been so i7i made for PIcxirtiw, 
 that his ill led life would have tumbled In destruc- 
 tion, bad there not come fifty to bis defence. 
 
 Sidn£y. 
 These are the product 
 Of those ill mated marriages thou saw'st. 
 Where good with bad were match'd. Milton, 
 
 The works are weak, the garrison but thin. 
 Dispirited with frequent overthrows, 
 Already wavering on their ill mann'd walls. 
 
 Dryden. 
 He win not hear me out ! 
 Was ever criminal forbid to plead? 
 Curb their ill manner'd zeal. Dryden. 
 
 It is impossible for the most ill minded, ava- 
 ricious, or cunning clergyman to do the least in- 
 justice tu the meanest cottager, in any bargain for 
 tythes. Swift. 
 
 Soon as the ill omen'd rumour reach 'd Ids ear, 
 W ho can describe ih' amazement in bis face ! 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The eternal law of things must not be altered, 
 
 to comply with his ill ordered choice. Locke. 
 
 When you expose the scenes, 
 Down tlie ill organ'd engines fall. 
 Off tiy the vizards. Suift. 
 
 For Philiia fix'd is my return; 
 Better at home my ill paid pains to mourn. 
 Than from an equal here sustain tiie public scom. 
 
 Dryden. 
 There motley images her fancy strik'.-. 
 Figures ill pair'd, and siniilies unlike. Pope. 
 
 Sparta has not to boast of such a woman. 
 Nor Troy to thank her, for her ill plac'd love. 
 
 • Dryden. 
 
 I shall direct you, a task for which I take my- 
 self not to be ill qualified, because I have bad op- 
 poriunilies to observe the follies of women. 5u'i/i. 
 Actions are pleasing or displeasing, either in 
 tliemselves, or consiilered as a means to a greater 
 and more desirable end : the eating ol a well-sea- 
 soned dish, suited to a man's palate, may move 
 the mind, by the deli^lit itself that accompanies 
 the eating, without rel^rence to any other end ; to 
 which the consideration of the pleasure there is in 
 health and strength may add a new gust, able to 
 make us swallow an ill relished potion. Locke. 
 
 Bluslies, i7/ restrain'd betray 
 Her thoughts, intentlve on the bridal day. Pope. 
 Behold the fruit of )7/ rewarded pain. Dryden. 
 The god infurm'd 
 This ill shap'd body with a daring soul. Drijden. 
 There was plenty en.>ugh, but the dishes were 
 ill sorted : whole pyrauiius r^' sweetmeats for boys 
 and women ; but little of solid meat for men. 
 
 Dryden . 
 It does not belong to the priest's office to im- 
 pose this name in baptism ; he may refuse t*. pro- 
 nounce the same, if the parent s give them ludi- 
 crous, filthy, or i/i soundii.g names Atjliffe. 
 
 Ill spirited \\ or'ster, did we not send grace, 
 Pardon and terms of love to all of you. Shahesp. 
 
 From thy foulish heart, vain maid, remove 
 An useless sorrow, and an ill slarr'd love. Prior. 
 
 Ah, why th' i7/ suiting pastime must 1 try ? 
 To gloomy care my thoughts alone are free : 
 III tlie gay spurts with troubled hearts agree. 
 
 P»7>e's Odyssey. 
 
 Holding of ill tasted tilings in the mouth will 
 
 make a small salivation. Grew. 
 
 6D 
 
 937
 
 I L L 
 
 The maid, with downcast eyes, and mute with 
 grief, 
 
 For death uufinish'd, and ill tini'd relief, 
 
 Stood sullen to her suit. Drydeiis Ovid. 
 
 How should opinions, thus settled, be piven up 
 if there be any suspicion of interest or design, as 
 there never fails to be, where men find themselves 
 ill treated ■' Locke. 
 
 That boldness and spirit which lads get amongst 
 their playfellows at school, has ordinarily a nnx- 
 ture of rudeness and ill turned confidence^ so that 
 these misbecoming and disingenous ways of shift- 
 ing in the world must be unlearned. Locke. 
 
 II. before words beginning with /, stantis 
 
 for in, 
 Illa'chrymable. adj, \illachrymahUiSy 
 
 Lat.] Incapable of weeping. Diet. 
 
 Illa'pse. n. s. [illapsus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Gradual emission or entrance of one 
 thing into another. 
 
 As a piece of iron red hot, by reason of the il- 
 lapse of the fire into it, appears all over like fire ; 
 so the souls of the blessed, by the Ulapse of the 
 divine essence into them, shall be all over divine. 
 
 NoiTlS. 
 
 2, Sudden attack ; casual coming. 
 
 Life is oft preserved 
 By the bold swimmer in the swift illapse 
 Of accident disastrous. Thomson's Summer. 
 
 To ILLA'QUE ATE. v. a. [illagueo.Lat.] 
 To entangle ; to entrap ; to ensnare. 
 
 I am illaqueateil, but not truly captivated into 
 your conclusion. More's Divine Dialogues. 
 
 Illaquea'tion. 71. s. [from illaqueate.] 
 
 1. The act of catching or ensnaring. 
 
 Tlie word in Matthew doth not only signify 
 suspension, or pendulous illaqueation, but also suf- 
 focation. Brouii. 
 
 2. A snare ; any thing to catch another ; a 
 noose. 
 
 Illa'tion. 71. s. [illatio, La.i.] Inference; 
 conclusion drawn from premises. 
 
 Herein there seems to be a very erroneous illa- 
 tifm from the indulgence of God unto Cain, con- 
 cluding an immunity unto himself. Brown. 
 
 Illation so orders the intermediate ideas as to 
 discover what connection there is in each link of 
 the chain, whereby the e.'cttemes are held together. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 I'llative. adj. [Hiatus, Lat.] Relating 
 to illation or conclusion. 
 
 In common discourse or writing such casual par- 
 ticles asfor, because, manifest the act of reasoning 
 as well as the illative particles then and therefore. 
 
 Watts. 
 
 Illa'udable. adj. \illaudabilis, Lat.] 
 Unworthy of praise or commendation. 
 
 Strength from truth divided, and fromjust 
 lllaudable, nought merits but dispraise. Milton. 
 
 Jlla'udably. adv. [from illaudable.] 
 Unworthily ; without deserving praise. 
 
 It is natural for all people to form, not illuuda- 
 hty, too favourable a judgment of tlieirown coun- 
 try. Broome. 
 
 Ille'gal. adj. [in and hgalis, Lat.] 
 Contrary to law. 
 
 No patent can oblige the subject against law, 
 unless an illegal patent passed in one kingdom can 
 bind another, and not itself. S^'it^. 
 
 Illega'lity. 71. s. [from illegal.] Con- 
 trariety to law. 
 
 He wished them to consider what votes they 
 had passed, of the illegality of all those connnis- 
 sions, and of the unjustitialjleness of all the pro- 
 ceedings by virtue of them. Clarendon. 
 
 Ille'gally. adv. [from illegal.] In a 
 
 manner contrary to law. 
 Ille'gible. adj. [in and legihilis, from 
 
 lego, Lat.] What cannot be read. 
 
 ILL 
 
 The secretary poured the ink-box all over tlie 
 writings, and so defaced them that they were made 
 altogether itlegihle. Hoivel 
 
 [llegi'timacy. 71. s. [{rom illegitimate.] 
 State of bastardy. 
 
 Illegi'ti.mate. adj. [iTt ttndlegilimus, 
 Lat.] Unlawfully begotten ; not begot- 
 ten in wedlock. 
 
 Grieve not at your state ; 
 For all the world" is illetiitimate. Cleveland. 
 
 Being illegitimate, t was deprived of that en- 
 dearing tenderness and uncommon satisfaction, 
 wliich a good man finds in the love and conversa- 
 tion of a parent. Addison's .Spectator. 
 
 Illegi'timately. adv. [from illegiti- 
 7>iate.] Not begotten in wedlocli. 
 
 Illegitima'tion. n. s. [from illegiti- 
 mate.] The state of one not begotten in 
 wedlock. 
 
 Richard Tit. had a resolution, out of his hatred 
 to both liis brethren to disable the issues, ujjon 
 false and incompetent pretexts, the one of attain- 
 der, the other of illegitimation. Bacon. 
 
 Ille'viable. adv. [Ieve7; Fr.] What can- 
 not be levied or exacted. 
 
 He rectified the method of collecting bis reve- 
 nue, and removed obsolete and illeviable parts of 
 charge. Hale. 
 
 Illfa'voured. adj. Deformed. 
 
 O, what a world of vile illfavourd faults 
 Look handsome in three hundred pounds a-year ! 
 
 Shakesp, 
 
 Illfa'vouredly. adv. 
 
 With deformity. 
 1. Roughly ; ruggedly : in ludicrous lan- 
 guage. 
 
 He shook him very illfavonredlti for the tmie, 
 raging through the very bowels of his country, and 
 plundering all wheresoever he came. Mouel. 
 
 Illfa'voureuness. n. s. Deformity. 
 ILLIBERAL, adj. [ilUberalis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not noble; not ingenuous. 
 
 The charity of most men is grown so cold, and 
 their religion so illiberal. King Charles. 
 
 2. Not munificent ; not generous; sparing. 
 
 Yet subsist they did, and well too : an argu- 
 ment that that earth did nut deal out their nou- 
 rishment with an oversjjaring or illiberal baud. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 Illibeea'lity. 71. s. [illibcralitas, Lat. 
 from illiberal.] 
 
 1. Meanness of mind. 
 
 2. Parsimony ; niggardliness ; want of 
 munificence. 
 
 The illiberalitu of parents, in allowance towards 
 their children, is an harmful error, and acquaints 
 them witli shifts. Bacon. 
 
 Illiberally, adv. [(rora illiberal.] Dis- 
 ingenuously ; meanly. 
 
 One that had been bountiful only upon surprize 
 and incogitancy, illiberally retracts. Decai/ of Piety. 
 
 Illi'cit. adj. [illicitiis, Lat. illicite, Fr.] 
 Unlawful ; as, an illicil trade. 
 
 To Illi'ghten. I', n. [in and lighteTi.] 
 To enlighten ; to illuminate. A word, 
 I believe, only in Raleigh. 
 
 Corporeal light cannot be, because then it would 
 not pierce tlie air, nor diaphanous bodies ; and yet 
 every d.iy we see the air illightened. Raleigh. 
 
 Illi'mitable. adj. [in and limes, Lat.] 
 That which cannot be bounded or li- 
 mited. 
 
 Although in adoration of idols, unto the subtiler 
 heads, the worship perhaps might be symbolical ; 
 yet was the idolatry direct in the people, whose 
 credulity is illimitable, and who may be made be- 
 lieve that any thing is God. Broum. 
 
 I L L 
 
 With what an awful world-revolving power, 
 Were first tli' unwieldy planets launch'd along 
 The illimitable void ? Thomson's Summn. 
 
 Illi'mitably. adv. [from illimitable.] 
 
 Without susceptibility of bounds. 
 Illi'mitei), adj. [in and limes, Lat. illi- 
 
 mitc, Fr.] Unbounded; interminable. 
 Illi'mitedness. 71. s. [from illimited.] 
 
 Exemption from all bounds. 
 The absoluteness and illimitcdness of his com. 
 
 mission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon. 
 
 ILLITERATE, ad;, [iltiteratus, Lat.] 
 Unlettered ; imtaught ; unlearned ; un- 
 enlightened by science. 
 
 The duke was illiterate, yet liad learned at 
 court to supply his own defects, by the drawing 
 unto him of the best instruments of experience. 
 
 M'otton. 
 
 Th' illiterate writer, emperick like applies 
 To minds diseas'd unsafe chance remedies ; 
 Tlielearn'd in schools, where knowledge first began 
 •Studies with care th' anatomy of man ; 
 .Sees virtue, vice, and passions in their cause. 
 And fame from science, not from fortune draws. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 In the first ages of Christianity not only the 
 learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illite- 
 rate enibraced torments and death. Tillotson. 
 
 Illiterateness. 71. s. [from illitci-ate.] 
 Want of learning ; ignorance of science. 
 
 IVIany acquainted with chymistry but b^' report, 
 have, from ilie illiterateness and impostures of those 
 that pretend skill in it, entertained an ill opinion 
 of the art. Boyle. 
 
 Illi'terature. 71. s. [in and literature.] 
 Want of learning. A word not much 
 used. 
 
 The more usual causes of this deprivation are, 
 want of holy orders, illtterature, or inability for 
 the discharge of that sacred function, and irreli- 
 gion. Ayliff'e's Parergon. 
 
 I'llness. n. s. [from ill.] 
 1 . Badness or inconvenience of any kind, 
 natural or moral. 
 
 He that has his chains knocked off, and the pri- 
 son-doors set open, is perfectly at liberty, though 
 liis preference be determined to stay, by the i//ness 
 of the weather. Locke. 
 
 '2. Sickness ; malady ; disorder of health. 
 
 On the Lord's day, which immediately preceded 
 his illness, he had received the sacrement. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 Since the account her majesty received of the 
 insolent faction, during her late illness at Wind- 
 sor, she bath been willing to see them deprived of 
 power to do mischief. Su:ift. 
 
 3. \Mckedness. 
 
 Thou would be great ; 
 Art not without ambition ; but without 
 The i//)iess should attend it. Shakesp. 
 
 Illna'ture. 71. s. [ill and 7iature.] Ha- 
 bitual malevolence ; want of humanity. 
 Illnature incbnes a man to those actions that 
 thwart and sour and disturb conversation, and con- 
 sists of a proneness to do ill turns, attended with 
 a secret joy upon the sight of any mischief that 
 bcfals another, and of a utter insensibility of any 
 kindness done him. South. 
 
 Illna'tured. adj. [from ill 7iature.] 
 ] . Habitually malevolent ; wanting kind- 
 ness or good will ; mischievous ; desir- 
 ous of another's evil. 
 
 These ill qualities denominate a person Ulna- 
 tared, they being such as make him grievous and 
 uneasy to all whom he deals and associates him- 
 self with. ^"'I'- 
 
 Stay, silly bird, th' illnatvr'd task refuse ; 
 Nor be the bearer of unwelcome news. Adduon. 
 
 938
 
 I L L 
 
 U might be one of those iltnatured beings who 
 tre at enmity with mankind, and do therefore take 
 pleasure in iilllng them with groundless terrors. 
 
 Atterburii. 
 
 2. Phillips applies it to land. Untract- 
 able ; not yielding to culture. 
 
 The fondly studious of increase, 
 Rich foreign moid on their illnaturcd land 
 Induce. ' Phillips. 
 
 Illna'turedly. adv. [from ill natured.] 
 fn a peevish, froward manner. 
 
 Illna'turedness. m. s. [from illna- 
 tured.] Want of a kindly disposition. 
 
 Illo'gical. adj. [in and logical,] 
 
 1. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of 
 reasoning. 
 
 One of the dissenters appeared to Dr. Sander- 
 son so bold and illogical in the dispute, as forced 
 him to say. lie Imd never met with a man of more 
 pertinacious contidence, and less abihties. Walton. 
 
 2. Contrary to the rules of reason. 
 
 Reason cannot dispute and make an inference 
 so utterly ilhgical. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Illo'gically. adv. [from illogical.] In 
 a manner contrary to the laws of argu- 
 ment. 
 To Ill'ude. v. a. [illudo, Lat] To de- 
 ceive ; to mock; to impose on ; to play 
 upon ; to torment by some contemptuous 
 artifice of mockery. 
 .Sometiiucs athwart, sometimes he strook liim 
 strait. 
 And falsed oft his blow, t'i/^wc^e him wiihsucli bait. 
 
 Fairy Qxiecn. 
 In Yain we measure this amazing sphere, 
 Wliile its circumference, scorning to be brouglit 
 Ev'n into fancy'd space, illudes our vauquish'd 
 thought. Prior. 
 
 To Illu'me. v. a, [illuminer, Fr.] 
 
 1. To enlighten; to illuminate. 
 
 When yon same star.that's westward from the pole, 
 Had made his course, t' illumine that part of heav'n, 
 Where now it burns. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. To brighten ; to adorn. 
 
 Tlie mountain's brow 
 Illum'd with Jluid gold, his near approach 
 Betokens. Thomsons Snmt7ier. 
 
 To Illu'mine. IK a. [illrtmirnr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To enlighten; to supply ^vith li^ht. 
 
 To cniilirm his words, out fie\r 
 Millions of flamins swords, drawn from the thij;hs 
 Of niigiity clieruhnns: the sudden blaze 
 Far round illiavind heli. Milton. 
 
 What in me is dark. 
 Illumine! wfiat is low, rai^e and support ! Milton. 
 
 2, To decorate ; to adorn. 
 
 To Cati), \ irgil paid one honest line ; 
 O let my country's friends illumine mine. Pope. 
 
 To ILLU'MINATE. v. a. [illumhur, Vr. 
 lumen, Lat ] 
 
 1. To enlighten ; to supply with light. 
 
 Do tiiou vouchsafe, witli thy luvc-kiudlin;: light, 
 T' iUuminute my clini atid dulled eyu, Spensei\ 
 
 No pHiuting ciin be seen in full oeifeelinn, but 
 as all nature isilluminatedby a single light. H'o/tn)!. 
 
 He made the stars, 
 And set them in the firmament of heav'n, 
 T' illuminate the earth and rule tlie iiij;ht. Milton. 
 
 Reason our guide, what can she more reply 
 Than that the sun illnminates the sky ; 
 Than that night rises from bis absent ray, 
 And his returnini; lustre kindles day .- " I'rlor. 
 
 2. To adorn with festal lamps or bonfires, 
 
 3. To enlighten intellectually wilh know- 
 ledge or grace. 
 
 Satan had no power to abuse the illuminated 
 world with his impostures. Sandy's Traicts. 
 
 Wljen he iUumiuales the mind with supernalural 
 light, he does not e.xtinguish that which is natural. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 I L L 
 
 4. To adorn with pictures or initial letters 
 of various colours, 
 
 5. To illustrate. 
 
 I\Iy iiealth is insufficient to amplify these re- 
 marks, and to illuminate tlie several pages with 
 variety of examples. Watts. 
 
 Illumina'tion. n. s. [illuminado, Lat. 
 illuminatio?i, Fr. from illuminate.] 
 
 1. The act of supplying with light, 
 
 2. That which gives light. 
 
 The sun is but ;t body illiglitcricd, and an illu- 
 mination crt^alcd. l^alcigh's History. 
 
 3. Festal lights hung out as a token of joy. 
 
 Flow'rs are strewed, and lamps in order plac'd, 
 And windows with illuminations grac'd. Drytlen. 
 
 4. Brightness; splendour. 
 
 The illuminators of manuscripts borrowed their 
 title from tiic illumination which a bright genius 
 giveth to his work. Felton. 
 
 5. Infusion of intellectual light; know- 
 ledge or grace. 
 
 Hymns and psalms are such kinds of prayer as 
 are not conceived upon a sudden ; but framed by 
 meditation beforehand, or by prophetical iltumi' 
 nation are inspired. Hooker. 
 
 We have forms of prayer imploring God's aid 
 and blessing for the illumination of our labours, 
 and the turning them into good and holy uses. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 No holy passion, no illumination, no inspiration, 
 can be now a sufficient commission to warraxt 
 thoip attempts which contradict the common rules 
 of peace. Spratt's .Sermons. 
 
 Illumina'tive. adj. [illuminatif, Fr. 
 from illuminate,] Having the power to 
 give light. 
 
 What makes itself and other things be seen, 
 being accompanied by light, is called tire : wliat 
 admits the illuminative action of fire, and is not 
 seen, is called air. F)igby on Bodies. 
 
 Tllumina'tor. n. s. [from illuminate.] 
 
 1. One who gives light. 
 
 2. One whose business it is to decorate 
 books with pictiu'es at the beginning of 
 chapters. 
 
 Illuminators of manuscripts borrowed their title 
 from the illumination which a bright genius c;iveth 
 to his work. T'elloii. 
 
 Illu'sion. n.s. [illusio, Lat. illusion^ 
 Fr.] Mockery; false show ; counterfeit 
 appearance ; crrour. 
 
 I'liat, distiil'd by niagick flights. 
 Shall raise such artiMciaT sprigl.Is, 
 As, by the strength of their illusion, 
 Shall "draw him on to his confusion. Shakesp. 
 
 Tliere wanted not some about him that would 
 have persuaded him that all was but an illusion. 
 
 Bacon. 
 So oft they fell 
 Into the same illusion ; not as man, 
 Wliom they triumph'd, once laps'd. Miltoji. 
 
 An excuse for uiicharilableness, drawn from 
 pretended inability, is of all others the must ge- 
 neral prevailing illusion. Atterlnn-y. 
 
 Many are the illusions by which the enemy en- 
 deavours to cheat men into security, and defeat 
 their salvation. Rogers. 
 
 To dream once more I close mv willing eyes ; 
 Yg soh illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope. 
 
 We must use some illusion to render a pastoral 
 delightful ; and this consists in exposing the best 
 side only of a shepherd's life, and in concealing 
 its miseries. Pope. 
 
 Illu'sive. adj. [from illusus, Lat.] De- 
 ceiving by false show. 
 
 The heathen bards, w ho idle fables drest. 
 Illusive dreams in mystick forms exprest. Blackm. 
 
 While the fon'd soul 
 Wrapt in gay visions of unreal bliss, 
 StiJl paints th' illusive form. Thojyison's Spring. 
 
 Illu'sory. adj\ [from in and lusorius. 
 
 I M .\ 
 
 I^at. illusoire, Fr.] Deceiving; fraudu- 
 lent. 
 
 Siibtility, in those who make profession to teach 
 or defend truth, liatii passed for a virtue : a virtue 
 indeed, which, consisting for the most part in no- 
 tliing but the fallacious and iUusary use of obscure 
 or dvceitful terms, is only fit to make men more 
 conceited in their ignoraiice. Locke. 
 
 To ILLUSTRATE, v. n. [illustro, Lat. 
 illustrtr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To brighten with ligh 
 
 2. To brighten with honour. 
 
 IMatier to me of glory ! whom their liatc 
 Illustrates, when they see all regal pow'r 
 Giv'n to nie to quell their |>ride. Milton. 
 
 'lliee she enroH'd her «;arter'd knigtits among. 
 Illustrating the noble list. Fhitlipt. 
 
 3. To explain ; to clear ; to elucidate. 
 
 Authors take up popular conceits, and from 
 tradition unjustiliablc, or false, iHustrale matters 
 of undeniable truth. Brou-n. 
 
 Illustra'tion. 71. s. [illtistriition, Fr. 
 from i/lustrale.'] Explanation ; elucida- 
 tion; exposition. it is seldom used 
 in its original signification for material 
 brightness. 
 
 Whoever looks about him will find many living 
 illustrations of this emb'em. L'Lstrange. 
 
 Space and duration, beijig ideas that liave some- 
 thing very abstruse and peculiar in their nature, 
 the comparing them one with another may per- 
 haps be of use for their illustration. Locke. 
 
 Illus'trative. tidj. [from illintrate.] 
 Having the quality of elucidating or 
 clearing. 
 
 'J'hey play much upon the smile or illustrative 
 argumentation, to induce their enthymemes unto 
 tlie people. Broun. 
 
 Illustratively, adv. [from illustra- 
 tive.] By way of explanation. 
 
 Things are many times delivered hieroglyphi- 
 cally, metaphorically, illustratiiely, aud not with 
 reference to action. Brown. 
 
 ILLUSTRIOUS, adj. [illustris, Lat. il- 
 lustr", Fr.] Conspicuous; noble; emi- 
 nent for excellence. 
 
 In other languages the most illustrious titles are 
 derived from things sacred. South. 
 
 Of ev'ry nation, each illustrious name. 
 Such toys as those iiave clieated into faiue. Dryd. 
 
 Illustriously, adv. \i\on\ itlustiious.l 
 Conspicuously ; nobly ; eminently. 
 
 He disdained not to appear at festival enter- 
 tainments, that he might more illustriously mani- 
 fest his chaaty. .itterburu. 
 
 Vou carrying with you all the world can hoast. 
 To all the \vorld illustriouslu are lost. Pope, 
 
 Illu'striousness. /i. s. [from illustri- 
 ous.] Eminence ; nobility ; <;randeiir. 
 
 IM. Contracted from I am. 
 
 Im. is used commonly, in composition, for 
 in before mute letters. Wliat is im in 
 Latin, when it is not negative, is often em 
 in French ; and our writers, as the Latin 
 or French occurs to tlieir minds, use im 
 or em : formerly im was more common, 
 and now cm seems to prevail. 
 
 I'M AGE. w. s. [imap-, Fr. imago, Lat.] 
 
 1. Any corporeal representation, generally 
 used of statues ; a statue ; a picture. 
 Whose is this image and superscription r" Mali. 
 Tile one is too like an image, and says nothing ; 
 and the other too like a la<iy"s oldest son, ever- 
 more talking. ^akesp." 
 
 Thy brother 1, 
 Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shakesp 
 The image of a'deity may be a proper object for 
 that which is but the imujc of a religion. &ut/(, 
 
 939
 
 I M A 
 
 Still must I be upbraided with your line ; 
 Bui yimr late brother did not prize rae less. 
 Because I could nut boast of images. Dryden. 
 
 2. An idol ; a false god. 
 
 JManasseh set the carved image in God's house. 
 
 Chron. 
 
 3. A copy ; representation ; likeness. 
 
 Lung may'st thoii live, 
 To bear his image and renew his glories ! Shakesp 
 
 I have bewe[U a wortliy husband's death, 
 And liv'd by looking on his images; 
 But now two rairrours of his princely semblance 
 Are crack'd in pieces by malignant death.S/ia/cesp. 
 
 He made us to his image all agree 
 That image is the soul, and that must be, 
 Or not the maker's image, or be free. Dryden. 
 
 4-. Semblance ; show ; appearance. 
 
 Deny to speak with me ? They're sick, they're 
 weary ? 
 They have Iravell'd all night ? i\Iere fetches ; 
 The images of revolt. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Tliis is the man should do the bloody deed: 
 The image of a wicked heinous fault 
 Lives in his eye. Shakesp, King John. 
 
 The face of things a frightful imoge bears. 
 And present death in various forms appears. 
 
 Dryden s JEn. 
 
 5. An idea ; a representation of any thing 
 to the mind ; a picture draAvn in the 
 fancy. 
 
 The image of the jest 
 I'll shew you here at large. Shakesp. 
 
 Outcasts of mortal race ! can we conceive 
 Image of auglit delightful, soft, or great? Frior. 
 
 When we speak of a figure of a thousand angles, 
 we may have a clear idea of the number one thou- 
 sand angles ; but the image, or sensible idea, we 
 cannot distinguish by fancy from the image of a 
 figure that has nine hundred angles. Uutts. 
 
 To I'mage. r. a. [from the noun,] To 
 copy by the fancy ; to imagine. 
 
 How are immaterial substances to be imaged, 
 which are such things whereof we can have no 
 notion ? Dryden. 
 
 Image to thy mind 
 IJow our forefathers to the Stygian shades 
 Went quick. ^ ^ Phillips. 
 
 His ear oft frighted with the imag'd voice 
 Of heav'n, when first it thunder'd. Prlyr. 
 
 Fate some future bard shall join. 
 In sad similitude of griefs to mine, 
 Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, 
 And image charms he must behold no more. Pope. 
 
 I'magery. n. s. [from image.l 
 
 1. Sensible representations ; pictures; sta- 
 tues. 
 
 Of marble stone was cut 
 An altar carv'd with cunning imagery. Fairy Q. 
 [■ When in those oratories might you see 
 Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery ; 
 Where cv'ry figure to the life cxpress'd 
 The godhead's pow'r. Drijdeiis Knight's Tale. 
 
 Your gift shall two large goblets be 
 Of silver, wrought with curious imaoery. 
 And high emboss'd. Prydens JEn. 
 
 2. Show; appearance. 
 
 Things of the world fill the imaginative part 
 with beauties and fantastick imagery. Tayh 
 
 What can thy imagen] of sorrow mean ? 
 Secluded from the world, and all its care, 
 Hast thou to grieve or joy, to hope or fear^Pnor. 
 
 All tiie visionary beauties of the prospect, the 
 paint and imagery that attracted our stnses, fade 
 and disappear. Rogers. 
 
 3. Forms of the fancy; false ideas; ima- 
 ginary phantasms. 
 
 It miglit be a mere dream which he saw ; the 
 imagery of a melancholick fancy, such as musing 
 raeu mistake for a reality. Atterbnry, 
 
 4. Representations in writing ; such de- 
 scriptions as force the image of the thing 
 described upon the mind. 
 
 I wish there may he in this poem any instance 
 of good imagery. Dryden. 
 
 IMA 
 
 Ima'ginable. adj. [bnaginahk, Fr. from 
 imagine.] Possible to be conceived. 
 
 It is not imaginable that men will be brought to 
 obey what they cannot esteem. South. 
 
 Men, sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable, 
 retain some sense and awe of a Deity. Tillotsan. 
 
 Ima'ginant. adj. [imaginnnt, Fr.] Ima- 
 gining ; forming ideas. 
 
 We will enquire what the force of imagination 
 is, eitlier upon the body imuginant, or upon ano- 
 ther budy. Bacon. 
 
 Ima'ginary. adj. [imaginabry Fr.fvom 
 imagine,] Fancied; visionary; existing 
 only in the imagination. 
 
 False si-^rrow's eye. 
 Which, for tilings true, weeps things imaginary. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Expectation whirls me round . 
 Th' imaginarit relish is so sweet. 
 That it enchants my sense. Shakesp. 
 
 Fortune is nothing else but a power imaginary, 
 to which the successes of human actions and en- 
 deavours were for their variety abscribed. 
 
 Raleigh's History. 
 Why wilt thou add, to all the griefs I sulTer, 
 Imaginary iUs and fancied tortures? Addison. 
 
 Imagina'tion. n. s. [imaginatio, Lat. 
 imaginatio, Fr. from imagine.] 
 
 1. Fancy ; the power of forming ideal pic- 
 tures ; the power of representing things 
 absent to one's self or others. 
 
 Imapnation I understand to be the representa- 
 tion of an individual thought. Imagination is of 
 three kinds : joined with belief of tliat which is to 
 come ; joined with memory of that which is past ; 
 and of things present, or as if they were present : 
 for I comprehend in this imagination feigned and 
 at pleasure, as if one should imagine such a man 
 to be in the vestments of a pope, or to have wings. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Our simple apprehension of corporal objects, if 
 present, is sense ; if absent, imagination : when 
 we would perceive a material object, our fancies 
 present us with its idea. Glanville. 
 
 O whither shall I run, or which way fly 
 The sight of this so horrid spectacle, 
 Whicli erst my eyes beheld, and yet behold ! 
 For dire imaginalion still pursues ]ue. Milton. 
 
 Where beams of warm imagination p\^y. 
 The memory's soft figures melt away. Pope, 
 
 2. Conception ; image in the mind ; idea. 
 
 Sometimes despair darkens all her imaginations ; 
 sometimes the active passion of love cheers and 
 clears her invention. _ Sidiiey. 
 
 Frinces have but their titles for their glories. 
 An ontward honour for an inward toil j 
 And, for unfelt imaginations. 
 They often feel a world uf restless cares. Shakesp. 
 
 Better 1 were distract. 
 So should ray thoughts be sever'd from my griefs ; 
 And woes, hy wrong imaginations, lose 
 The knowledge of themselves. Shakesp. 
 
 His imaginations w ere often as just as they were 
 bold and strong. Dennis. 
 
 3. Contrivance; scheme. 
 
 Thou hast seen all their vengeance, and all tlieir 
 imaginntions against me. Lam. iii. 60, 
 
 4. An unsolid or fanciful opinion. 
 
 W^e are apt to think that space, in itself, is ac- 
 tually- boundless ; to which imagination, the idea 
 of space, of itself, leads us. Locke. 
 
 Imaginative, adj. [imaginaiify Fr. from 
 imagine.'] Fantastick ; full of imagina- 
 tion. 
 
 \\ itches are imaginative, and believe oft times 
 they do tlbat which they do not. Bacon. 
 
 Lay fetters and restraints upon the imaginative 
 and fantastick part, because our fancy is usually 
 pleased with the entertainment uf shadows and 
 gauds. Taylors Rule (f Living Holy^ 
 
 To IMAGINE. V. a. [imagine7'j Fr. ima- 
 ginor, Lat.] 
 
 1MB 
 
 1. To fancy ; to paint in the mind. 
 
 Look what notes and garments he doth give thee, 
 Bring them, I pray thee, witli imagin'd speed. 
 
 Shakesp, 
 Present fears 
 Are less than horrible imaginings. Shakesp, 
 
 \\ hat are our ideas of eternity and immensity 
 itut the repeated additions of certain ideas of ima- 
 gined parts of duration and expansion, with the 
 infinity of number, in which we can come to no 
 end ot*^ addition? Locke, 
 
 2. To scheme; to contrive. 
 
 They intended evil against thee, they imagined 
 a mischievous device. Psalm xxi. 11, 
 
 Ima'giner. n. s. [from j»!(/^ine.] One 
 who forms ideas. 
 
 The juggler took upon him to know that such 
 an one should point in such a place of a garter 
 that was held up ,- and still he did it, by first tel- 
 ling the imaginer, and after bidding the actor 
 think. Bacon, 
 
 Imbe'cile. ad), [imbecilis, hat. imbecille, 
 FrJ Weak; feeble; wanting strength 
 of either mind or body. 
 
 To Imbecile, v, a, [from the adjective. 
 This word is corruptly written embizzlc] 
 To weaken a stock or fotune by clan- 
 destine expences or imjust appropriations- 
 Princes must in a special manner lie guardians 
 of pupils and widows, not sutlering their persons 
 to be oppressed, or their states imbecited. 
 
 Taylor's Rule of Living Holi/. 
 
 Imbecility, w. s, [imbecillite, Fr.] 
 Weakness ; feebleness of miud or body. 
 
 A weak and imperfect rule argueth imbecility 
 and imperfection. _ Hooker, 
 
 No imbecilitu of means can prejudice the truth 
 of the promise of God herein. Hooker, 
 
 We that are strong must bear the imbecility of 
 the impotent, and not please ourselves. Ho,'ker. 
 
 That way we are contented to prove, which, 
 being the worse in itself, is notwithstanding now, 
 by reason of common imbecility, the litter and 
 likelier to be brooked. Hooker, 
 
 Strength would be lord of imbecility, 
 And the rude son would strike his father dead. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Imbecility, for sex and age, was sucli as they 
 could nut lift up a hand against them. King Char. 
 
 When man was fallen, and had abandoned his 
 primitive innocence, a strange imbecility imme- 
 diately seized and laid hold <it him. JVoodu^ard, 
 To IMBIBE. V. a, [intbibo, Lat. imbiber, 
 Fr] 
 
 1. To drink in ; to draw m. 
 
 A pot of ashes will receive more hot water than 
 cold, forasmuch as the warm water imbibeth more 
 of the salt. Brown, 
 
 The torrent merciless imbibes 
 Commissions, perquisites, and bribes. Suiji. 
 
 lllumin'd wide. 
 The dewy-skirted clouds imbibe the sun. 
 
 Thomsons Autumn. 
 
 2. To admit into the mind. 
 
 Those, that have imbibed this error, have ex- 
 tended the influence of this belief to the whole 
 gospel, which they will not allow to contain any 
 thing but promises. Hammond. 
 
 It is not easy for the mind to put off those con- 
 fused notions and prejudices it has imbibed from 
 custom. Locke. 
 
 Convers ition with foreigners enlarges our minds 
 and sets them free from any prejudices we are rea- 
 dy to imbibe concerning them. Il'att». 
 
 3. To drench ; to saturate; to soak. This 
 sense, though unusal, perhaps imexam- 
 pled, is necessary in English, unless 
 the word embue be adopted, which our 
 writers seem not willing to receive. 
 
 Wetals, corroded with a little acid, turn into 
 rust, which is an earth tasteless and indissolvable 
 in water ; and this earth, imbibed with more acid, 
 becomes a metallick salt Kemton. 
 
 9iO
 
 I M B 
 
 Imbi'ber. n. s. [from imbibe,] That 
 which diinks or sucks. 
 
 Salts are strong imbibers of sulphureous steams. 
 
 Aibuthnol, 
 
 Imbibition, n. s, [imbibitiony Fr. from 
 imbibe'\ The act of sucking or drink- 
 ing in. 
 
 Slost powders grow more coherent by mixture 
 of water than of oil ; the reason is the contiruity 
 of bodies, which maketh a perfecter imbibition 
 and incurporatioii. Bacon. 
 
 Heat aiid cold have a virtual trausition, without 
 communication of substance, but in moisture not ; 
 and to all madefaclion there is required an imbibi- 
 tion. Bacon. 
 
 A drop of oil, let fall upon a sheet of while 
 paper, that part of it, which, by the imbibition 
 of the liquor, acquires a greater continuity and 
 some transparency, will appear much darker than 
 the rest ; many of the incident beams of light be- 
 ing now transmitted, that otherwise wuuid be re- 
 6ected. Boifle. 
 
 To Imbi'ter. i\ a. [t\om bitter.] 
 
 1. To make bitter. 
 
 2. To deprive of pleasure; to make un- 
 happy. 
 
 Let tliem extinguish their passions which imbiter 
 their lives, and deprive them of their share in the 
 happiness of the community.^t/di&m's FreehoUJer. 
 
 Is there any thing that more imbiters the enjoy- 
 ments of this life than shame? South. 
 
 3. To exasperate, 
 ToImbo'uy. r. fl. [from bodi/.] 
 K To condense to a body. 
 
 2. To invest with matter; to make corporeal. 
 
 An opening cloud reveals 
 An heav'nly form embody'd, and array'd 
 With robes of light. Drijden. 
 
 Though assiduity in the most fixed cogitation be 
 no trouble to iramaterialized spirits, yet is it more 
 than our imbodied souls can bear without lassitude. 
 Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 3. To bring together into one mass or com- 
 pany ; to incorporate. 
 
 1 by vow am so imbodied yours. 
 That she which marries you must marry me.Shak. 
 
 Never since created man 
 Met such imbodied force, as nam'd with these, 
 Could merit more than that small infantry 
 Warr'd on by cranes. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 Under their head imbody'd all in one. Milton. 
 Then Clausus came, who led a num'rous band 
 Of troops imbodied, from the Sabine land. 
 
 Dry dens JEn. 
 
 4. To inclose. Improper. 
 
 In those strata we shall meet with the same me- 
 tal or mineral imbodied in stone, or lodged in coal, 
 tliat elsewhere we found in marie. Woodward. 
 
 To Imbo'dy. r. n. To unite into one 
 mass ; to coalesce. 
 
 The soul grows clotted bj' contagion, 
 Jmbodies and imbutes; 'till she quite lose 
 The divine property of her first being. Milton. 
 Tlie idea of white, which snow yielded yester- 
 day, and another idea of_ white from another 
 snow to-day, put together in your mind, imbodv 
 and run into one. Locke. 
 
 To Imbo'il. V, n. [from boil.] Toexes- 
 tuate ; to effervesce ; to move with vio- 
 lent agitation like hot liquor in a caldron. 
 Not now in use. 
 
 With whose reproach and odious menace. 
 The knight imboiiing in his haughty heart, 
 Knit all liis forces, and 'gan so^n embrace 
 Kis grasping hold. Fairy Queen. 
 
 To Imbo'lden. r. a. [from bold.] To 
 raise to confidence; to encourage, 
 
 'Tis necessary he should die: 
 
 Nothing imboldens sin so much as mercy. Shakesp. 
 
 1 think myself in better plight for a lender than 
 
 yon are, the which hath something imboldened me 
 
 to tiui unseasoned intrusion. Shakesp. 
 
 1MB 
 
 1 was the more emboldened, because 1 found I 
 had a soul congenial to his. Dryden 
 
 Nor flight was left, nor hopes to force his way ; 
 Jmbnlden d by despair, he stood at bay. Drtjden. 
 
 Their virtues and superior genius imboldened 
 them, in great exi;:eiicies of slate, to attempt the 
 service of their prince and country out of the 
 conmion forms. Su-ijt. 
 
 To Imbo'som. v. a, [frombosom.] 
 
 1. To hold on the bosom ; to cover fondly 
 with the folds of one's garment ; to liide 
 under any cover. 
 
 The Father infinite, 
 By whom in bliss imb<'som'd sat the Son. Milton. 
 
 Villages imbosom'd soft in trees. 
 And spiry towns by surging columns raark'd. 
 
 Tliomson. 
 
 2. To admit to the heart, or to affection. 
 
 But glad desire, his late imbosom'd guest. 
 Yet but a babe, with milk of sight he nurst. Sidney. 
 
 Who glad to iifibosom his art'eciiun vile, 
 Uld all she mijilit, more plainly tu appear. F(i^^I/ Q. 
 
 ToiMBo'uND. v.a. [irom bound.] To in- 
 close; to shut in. 
 
 That sweet breath, 
 Which was imbounded in his beauteous c\ay. Shak 
 
 7o Imbo'w. v.a, [i^om bow.] To arch; 
 to vault. 
 
 Prince Arthur gave a box of diamond sure, 
 Imboiced with gold and gorgeous ornament. f. Qu. 
 
 Imbou-ed windows be pretty retiring places for 
 conference : they keep both the wind and sun off. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Let my due feet never fail. 
 To walk the studious cloister's pale. 
 And love the high imboiied roof. 
 With antick pillar massy proof. Milton. 
 
 Imbow'ment. n, s. [i'rom imbow,] Arch; 
 vault. 
 
 The roof all open, not so mnch as any imbow- 
 ment near any of the walls left. Bacon. 
 
 To Imbo'wer. V, fl. [from bower,] To 
 cover with a bower ; to shelter with 
 trees. 
 
 And stooping thence to Ham's embowering walks, 
 in spotless peace retired. Thwnson. 
 
 To Imbran'gle. v. a* To entangle. A 
 low word. 
 
 With subtle cobweb cheats 
 They're catch'd in knotted law. like nets ; 
 In wluch, when once they are imbrangled. 
 The more they stir, they more they're tangled. 
 
 Hudibras. 
 
 I'mbricated. adj. [from imbrex, Lat.] 
 Indented with concavities ; bent and 
 hollowed like a roof or gutter-tile 
 
 fMBRl'CATiON. 71. s. [imbrox, Lat.] Con- 
 cave indenture. 
 
 All is guarded with a well-made tegument, 
 adorned with neat imbrications, and many other 
 fineries. Verham. 
 
 To Imbro'wn. v.a. [from bi'own.] To 
 make brown ; to darken ; to obscure ; 
 to cloud. 
 
 Where the morning sun first warmly smote 
 The open field, and where the uiipierc'd shade 
 Imbrown'd the noontide bow'rs. Milton. 
 
 The foot grows black that was with dirt tm- 
 brownd. 
 And in thy pocket gingiing halfpence sound. Gat/. 
 
 Another age shalTsee the golden ear 
 Jmfcrou.7» the slope, and nod on the parterre. Pope. 
 
 Jmbroum'd with native bronze, lo ! Heuly stands. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Imbrue, r. a, [from in and brue.] 
 1 . To steep ; to soak ; to wet much or long. 
 This seems indifferently written with im 
 or em, 1 have sustained both modes of 
 writing. 
 
 I M I 
 
 Thou raad'st many hearts to ble«d 
 Of mighty victors, with wide wounds embru'd^ 
 And by thy cruel darts to thee subdu'd. Spenser. 
 
 There streams a spring of blood bo fast 
 From those deep wounds, as aJI embrud the face 
 Of that accurs'd caititf. Darnel's CicU War, 
 
 The merciless Turks, embrued with the Chri^ 
 tian blood, were weary of slaughter, and began 
 greedily to seek after tne spoU. KnoTUs, 
 
 At me, as at a mark, his bow he drew. 
 Whose arrows in my Hood their wings imbnu. 
 
 Sandy. 
 
 Lucius pities the ofienders. 
 That would embrue their haods in Gate's blood. 
 
 Jddiscm. 
 
 ho ! these hands in murder are imbru'd, 
 1 hose trembling feet by justice are purju'd.Prw 
 
 There, where two ways in equal parts divide, ^ 
 I'he direful monster from afar descry 'd, K 
 
 Two bleeding babes depending at her side j j 
 
 Who!>e panting vitals, warm with life, she draws. 
 And in their hearts embrues her cruel claws. Pope. 
 
 His virgin sword ^Egysthus' veins imbrud; 
 The murd'rer fell, and blood aion'd for blood. 
 
 P(fe. 
 
 A good man chuses rather to pass by a verbal 
 injury than imbrue his hands in blood. Clarissa. 
 
 2. To pour ; to emit moisture. Obsolete. 
 
 Some bathed kisses, and did oft embrue 
 The sugar'd liquor through his melting Hps. F. Q. 
 
 To Imbru'te. v.a, [from 6rw/e.] To de- 
 grade to brutality. 
 
 I, who erst contended 
 With guds to sit the highest, am now constrain'd 
 Into a beast ; and mix with bestial slime, 
 This essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton. 
 
 To Imbrute. v, a. To sink down to 
 
 brutality. 
 
 The soul grows clotted by contagion, 
 Im bodies and imbrutes. 'till she quite los« 
 The divine property of her first being. Milton. 
 
 To Imbu'e. r. fl. [imbuo, Lat. This word, 
 which seems wanting in our language, 
 has been proposed by several writers, 
 but not yet adopted by the rest. Imbu, 
 Fr. the participial adj. is only used.] To 
 tincture deep ; to imbibe or soak with 
 any liquor or die. 
 
 1 would render this treatise intelli^ble to every 
 ratiuual man, however little versed in scbolastick 
 learning; amono whom I expect it will hare » 
 fairer passage, than among those thai are deeply 
 imbued with other principles, Digby. 
 
 C lothes which have once been thoroughly im- 
 bued with black, cannot well afterwards be dyed 
 into lighter colour. Boyle, 
 
 W here the mineral matter is great, so as lo take 
 the eye, the body appears imbued and tinctured 
 with 'the colour. TTooduurd. 
 
 Tc/Imbu'rse. v.a. [bourse, Fr,] To stock 
 
 with money. This should be imbursey 
 
 from imbourser, Fr, 
 Imitabi'lity, 71. s. [imitabilis, Lat] 
 
 The quality of being imitable. 
 According to the muliiiariuusness of this um- 
 
 tabilitu, so are llic possibilitiLS of beinfi. Norri*, 
 
 Imitable. adj, limitabilis, Lat. imit- 
 able, Fr.] 
 
 1 . M'orthy to be imitated ; deserving to be 
 copied. 
 
 How could Uie roost base men, and sep-erate 
 from ail imitable Qualities, attain to honour but by 
 an observant slavish course ? Raleigh, 
 
 As acts of parliament are not regarded by most 
 imitable writers. I account ihe relation of them 
 improper for history. , Hayward. 
 
 2. Possible to be imitated ; within reach of 
 
 imitation. 
 
 The character of men placed in lower stations 
 of life, are more useful, as being imitable by 
 greater immbers. AtteHmry. 
 
 9*1
 
 I M IM 
 
 To I'mitate. v. a. [imifor, Lat. imiter, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To copy; to endeavour to resemble. 
 
 We imitate and practise to make shifter motions 
 than anv out of ourmusiiets. Bacon. 
 
 Despise wealth, and imitate a god. Cowtey. 
 
 I would caress some stableman of note, 
 And imitate his language and his coat. Man of Taste. 
 
 2. To counterfeit. 
 
 This hand appear'd a shining sword to wield, 
 And that sustained an imitated s\ne\d.Drijdens ^n. 
 
 3. To pursue the course of a composition, 
 so as to use parallel images and examples. 
 
 For shante ! what, imitate an ode. Gaij. 
 
 Imtta'tion. 71. s. [imitatio, Lat. imita- 
 tion, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The act of copying ; attempt to resem- 
 ble. 
 
 2. That which is offered as a copy. 
 
 Since a true knowledge of nature gives us plea- 
 sure, a lively imitation of it, either in poetry or 
 painting, must produce a much greater ; for both 
 these arts are not only true imitations of nature, 
 but of the best nature. Dryden. 
 
 3. A method of translating looser than pa- 
 raphrase, in which modern examples and 
 illustrations are used for ancient, or do- 
 mestick for foreign. 
 
 In the way of imitation, the translator not only 
 varies from tlie words and sense, but forsakes 
 them as he sees occasion ; and, taking only some 
 general hints from the original, runs division on 
 the ground-work. Dryden. 
 
 Imitative, adj. [imitativus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Inclined to copy ; as, Man is an imita- 
 tive being. 
 
 2. Aiming at resemblance; as. Painting 
 is an imitative art. 
 
 3. Formed after some original. 
 
 This temple, less in form, with equal grace. 
 Was imitative of the tirst in Thrace. Dryden. 
 
 Imita'tor. n. s. [Lat. imifatcur, Fr.] 
 One that copies another; one that en- 
 deavours to resemble another. 
 
 Imitators are but a servile kind of cattle, says 
 the poet. Dryden. 
 
 Imma'culate. adj. [immaculatiis, Lat. 
 immactile, Fr.] 
 
 1. Spotless; pure; undefiled. 
 
 To keep this comraandnient immaculate and 
 blameless, was to teach the gospel of Christ. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 His words are bonds, bis oaths are oracles ; 
 His love sincere, his thoughts immaculate. Shakesp. 
 
 The king, whom catholicks count a saint-like 
 and immaculate prince, was taken away in the 
 flower of his age. Bacon. 
 
 Were but my soul as pure 
 I'rom other guilts a"s tliat, Heav'n did not hold 
 One more immaculate. Denham^s Sophy. 
 
 2. Pure ; limpid. 
 
 Thou clear, immaculate, and silver fountain, 
 From whence this stream, through muddy passages, 
 Hath had bis current and defil'd himself. Shakes]!. 
 
 To Iaima'nacle. v. a. [from manacle.] 
 To fetter ; to confine. 
 
 Thou can'st not touch the freedom of my mind 
 With all tliy charms, although this corporal rind 
 Thou hast hnmanacl'd. Milton. 
 
 Imma'ne. adj. [immajiis, Lat.] Vast; 
 prodigiously great. 
 
 I'mmanent. adj. [immanent, Ti. in an(\ 
 manco, Lit.] Intrinsick; inherent; in- 
 ternal. 
 
 Judging the infinite essence by our narrow- 
 selves, we ascribe intellections, volitions, and such 
 immanejtt actions, to tliat nature which hath no- 
 thins in common with us. Glaniille. 
 
 What he "ills and intends once, he willed and) 
 
 I M IM 
 
 intended from all eternity ; it being grossly con- 
 trary to the very first notions we have of the infi- 
 nite perfections of the Divine Nature to state or 
 suppose any new Immanent act in God. South, 
 
 Imma'nifest. adj. [in and manifest.] 
 Not manifest; not plain. Not in use. 
 
 A time not much unlike that which was before 
 time, immanijest and unknown. Broini's T'u(^. £it. 
 
 Imma'nity. n.s. [imma?iil(is, Lat.] Bar- 
 barity ; savageness. 
 
 It was both i[npious and unnatural 
 That such immanity and bloody strife 
 Should reign among professors of one faitli. Shak. 
 
 Immarce'ssible. adj. [in and marceseo, 
 Lat.] Unfading. Diet. 
 
 Imma'rtial. adj. [in and martial.] Not 
 warlike. 
 
 ]\Iy pow'rs are unfit. 
 Myself immartial. Chapman's Odyssey. 
 
 To Imma'sk. v. a. [in and mask.] To 
 cover ; to disguise. 
 
 I have cases of buckram for the nonce, to immask 
 our noted outward garments. Shakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 Immate'rial. adj. [immatcriel, Fr. in 
 and materia, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Incoporeal ; distinct from matter; void 
 
 of matter. 
 
 Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual, 
 the glorious inhabitants of those sacred palaces, 
 where there is nothing but light and immortality ; 
 no shadow of matter" for tea"rs, discontentments, 
 griefs, and uncomfortable passions to work upon ; 
 but all joy, tranquility and peace, even for ever 
 and ever," do dwell. Hooker. 
 
 As tlien the soul a substance hath alone. 
 Besides the body, in which she is confined; 
 
 So bath she not a body of her own, 
 But is a spirit, and immaterial mind. Davies. 
 
 Those immaterial felicities we expect, sijggest 
 the necessity of preparing our appetites, without 
 which heaven can be no heaven to us. 
 
 Vecay of Piety. 
 
 No man that owns the existence of an infinite 
 spirit can doubt the possibility (jf a finite spirit ; 
 that is, such a thingas is immaterial, and does not 
 contain anv princijile of corruption. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Unimportant ; without weight ; imper- 
 tinent; without relation. This sense has 
 crept into the conversation and writings 
 of barbarians ; but ought to be utterly 
 rejected. 
 
 Immateria'lity. 71. s. [from immate- 
 rial.] Incorporeity ; distinctness from 
 body or matter. 
 
 When we know cogitation is the prime attribute 
 of a spirit, we infer its immaieriaiifi/, and thence 
 its iumiortallty. J\atts. 
 
 Immate'rially. adv. [from immaterial.] 
 In a manner not depending upon matter. 
 
 The visible species of things strike not our 
 senses immaterially ; but streaming in corporal 
 rays do carry with them the qualities of the ob- 
 ject from w'heiice they flow, and the medium 
 through which they pass. Brown's I ulg. Kir. 
 
 Immate'rialized. adj. [from in and 
 materia, Lat. J Distinct from matter; 
 incorporeal. 
 
 Th<iugh assiduity in the most fixed cogitation be 
 no trouble to immatcnalized spirits, yet is it more 
 than our embodied souls can bear without lassi- 
 tude. Glani'ille Scepsis, 
 
 Immate'rialtsESS. n, s. [from immate- 
 rial.] Distinctness from matter. 
 
 Immate'riate. adj. [in and materia, 
 Lat.] Not consisting of matter ; incor- 
 poreal ; wanting body. 
 
 It is a virtue which may be called incorporeal 
 and imniiitei-iatf , whereof "there be in nature but 
 few. Bacon. 
 
 I M M 
 
 After a long enquiry of things immerse in mat- 
 ter, I interpose some object which is immaleriate, 
 or less materiate ; such as this of sounds. Btuim. 
 
 IMMATU'RE. adj. [immaturus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not ripe. 
 
 2. Not perfect; not arrived at fulness or 
 completion. 
 
 The land enterprize of Panama was an ill mea- 
 sured and immature counsel, grounded upon a 
 false account, that the passages were no better 
 fortified than Drake had left them. Bacon. 
 
 This is your time for faction and debate, 
 For partial favour, and permitted hate ; 
 Let now your immature dissension cease, 
 Sit quiet. Dryden. 
 
 3. Hasty; early; come to pass before the 
 natural time. 
 
 We are pleased, and call not that death imma- 
 ture, if a man lives 'till seventy. Taylor. 
 
 Immatu'rely. adv. [from immature.] 
 Too soon ; too early ; before ripeness or 
 completion. 
 Immatu'reness. ) 71. s. [from imma- 
 Inmattj'rity. f lure.] Unripeness; 
 incompleteness ; a state of short com- 
 pletion. 
 
 I might reasonably expect a pardon from the 
 ingenuous for faults committed in an immaturity of 
 age and judgment. Glanville. 
 
 Immeabi'lity. n. s. [immeahilis, Lat.] 
 Want of power to pass. So it is used in 
 the example ; but it is rather, incapabi- 
 lity of affording passage. 
 
 From this phlegm proceed white cold tumours, 
 viscidity, and consequently immeaUUty of the 
 juices. Arbuthiot. 
 
 Immea'surable. adj. [in a.\\di measure.] 
 Immense ; not to be measured ; inde- 
 finitely extensive. 
 
 Churches reared up to an height immeamrahU, 
 and adorned "ith far more beauty in their resto- 
 ration than their founders before had given them. 
 
 Hooker. 
 From the shore 
 They viewed the vast immeasurable abyss. 
 Outrageous as a sea, dark, wasteful, wild. Milton. 
 
 Immeasurable strength they might behold 
 In nie, of wisdom nothing more than mean. Milt. 
 
 What a glorious show are those beings enter- 
 tained with, that car. see such tremendous oljjects 
 wandering through those immeasurahle depths of 
 ether! Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Nor friends are there, nor vessels to convey. 
 Nor oars to cut th' immeasurahle way. Pope's Odyss. 
 
 Immea'sirably. adv. [from immeasui-- 
 able.] Iramenselj' ; beyond all measure. 
 
 The Spaniards immeasurably bewail their dead. 
 
 Spenser. 
 There ye shall be fed, and fiU'd, 
 Immeasurably ; all things shall be your piey. Milt. 
 
 Immecha'nical. adj. [in and mechani- 
 cal,] Not according to the laws of me- 
 chanicks. 
 
 We have nothing to do to show any thing that 
 is immcchanical, or not according to the established 
 laws of nature. Cheyne, 
 
 Nothing will clear a head possessed with imme- 
 chanical notions. Mead. 
 
 Imme'diacy. n. s. [from immediate.] 
 Personal greatness ; power of acting 
 without dependance. This is a harsh 
 word, and sense pecidiar, I believe, to 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 He led our powVs, 
 Bore the commission of my place and person. 
 The wliich immed'mcy \my well stand up. 
 And call itself your brother. S'ltakcsp. King Lear. 
 
 I.MMEDIATE. adj. [immediaf, Fr in and 
 medius, Lat.] 
 
 942
 
 1 M M 
 
 1 . Being in such a state with respect to 
 
 something else as that there is nothing 
 
 between them; proximate; with nothing 
 
 intervening. 
 
 Moses mentions the immediate causes of the de 
 luge, the rains and the waters ; and St. Peter 
 nientiuns the more remote and fundamental causes, 
 that constitution of the lieavens. Btifrut. 
 
 2. Not acting by second causes. 
 
 It is raucli to be ascribed to the immediate will 
 of God, who giveth and taketh away beauts' at 
 his pleasure. Abbot. 
 
 3. Instant ; present with regard to time. 
 Prior therefore should not have written 
 more immediate. 
 
 '' mediate are my needs, and my relief 
 Must not be tost and turn'd to me in woras, 
 But 6nd supply immediate. Shakesp. Timon, 
 
 Death denounc'd that day, 
 ^Vhich he presumes already vain, and void, 
 Because not yet inflicted, as he fear'd, 
 By some immediate stroke. Milton's Far. Lost. 
 
 Bat she, howe'er of vict'ry sure, 
 Contemns the wreath too Ions delay'd ; 
 
 And arm'd with more immediate pow'r. 
 Calls cruel silence to her aid. Prior. 
 
 Imme'diately. adv. [from immediate.'] 
 
 1. Without tlie intervention of any other 
 cause or event . 
 
 God's acceptance of it, either immediately by 
 himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop, 
 is that which vests the whole property of a thinp 
 in God. South. 
 
 2. Instantly ; at the time present ; with- 
 out delay. 
 
 Her father hath commanded her to slip 
 Away with .Slender, and with him at Eaton 
 Immediately to marrj'. Sliakesp, 
 
 Imme'diateness. 71. s. [from immediate.] 
 
 1 . Presence with regard to time. 
 
 2. Exemption from second or intervening 
 causes. 
 
 Imme'dicable. adj. [immedicubilis, Lat] 
 Not to be healed ; incurable. 
 
 Mv griefs ferment and rage. 
 Nor less than wounds immedicable. 
 Rankle and fester, and gangrene 
 To black morlihcation. Milton's Agonistes. 
 
 Imme'morable. adj. [immemorahilis, 
 
 Lat.] Not worth remembering. 
 Immemorial, adj. [immemorial, Fr. 
 in and memoria, Lat.] Past time of me- 
 mory; so ancient that the beginning 
 cannot be traced. 
 
 All the laws of this kingdom have some me- 
 morials in writing, yet all have not their original 
 in writing ; for some obtained their force by.inime- 
 morial usage or custom. Hate. 
 
 By a long immemorial practice, and prescription 
 of an aged thorough-paced hypocrisy, tliey come 
 to believe that f r a reality, which, at first practice 
 of it, they themselves knew to be a cheat. Smtth. 
 IMMENSE, adj. [immense, Fr. immen- 
 sus, Lat.] Unlimited; unbounded; in- 
 finite. 
 
 O goodness infinite ! goodness immense ! 
 Ihat all this good of evil shall produce ! Milton. 
 
 As infinite duration hath no relation unto mo- 
 tion and time, so infinite or immense essence hath 
 no relation unto body ; but is a thing distinct from 
 all corporal magnitude, which we mean when we 
 speak of immensity, and of God as of an immense 
 ^^'"S- Grew. 
 
 Imme'nsely. [from immense,] Infinitely; 
 without measure. 
 
 I M M 
 
 We shall find that the void space of onr sj-stero 
 is immensely bigger than all its corporeal mass. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 Immensity, n. s. [immensif . Fr.] Un- 
 bounded greatness ; infinity. 
 
 By the power we find in ourselves of repeating, 
 as often as we will, any idea of space, we get the 
 idea of immensity. Locke. 
 
 He that will consider the immensitii of this fa- 
 brick, and the great variety that is to be found in 
 this inconsiderable part of it which lie has to do 
 with, luay tliink that in other mansions of it there 
 may be other and difterent intelligent beings. 
 
 Locke. 
 .411 these illustrious worlds. 
 And millions which the glass can ne'er descry, 
 Lost iu the wilds of vast immensity. 
 Are suns, are centers. Blackmore's Creation. 
 
 Immensurabi'lity. n. s. [from immen- 
 surable.] Impossibility to be measured. 
 
 Imme'nsurable. adj. [in and mm.iin-- 
 abilis, Lat.] Not to be measured. 
 
 To Imme'rge. V, a. [immergo, Lat.] 
 To put under water. 
 
 Imme'rit. n. s. [immerito, Lat.] Want 
 of worth; want of desert. This is a 
 better word than demerit, which is now 
 used in its stead. 
 
 When I receive your lines, and find there ex- 
 pressions of a passion, reason and my own immerit 
 tell me it must not be for me. Suckling. 
 
 To I.mme'rse. v. a. [i/nmersus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To put under water. 
 
 2. To sink or cover deep. 
 
 He stood 
 More than a mile immersed within the wood ; 
 At once the wind was laid. Vrijden. 
 
 They observed that they were immersed in'their 
 rocks, quarries, and mines, in the same manner 
 as they are at this day found in all known parts of' 
 the world. Woodward. 
 
 3. To keep in a state of intellectual depres- 
 sion. 
 
 It is a melancholy reflection that our country, 
 which, in times of popery, was called the nation 
 of saints, should now have less appearance of 
 religion in it than any other neighbouring state 
 or kingdom; whether* they be such as continue 
 still immersed in the errors of the church of Rome, 
 or such as are recovered out of them. 
 
 Addison's Freeh. 
 
 \ye are prone to engage ourselves with the 
 business, the pleasures, and the amusements of 
 this world : we give ourselves up too greedily to 
 the pursuit, and irnmerse ourselves too deepfy in 
 the enjoyments of them. Aiterbum. 
 
 It is impossible to have a lively hope in another 
 life, aJid yet be deeply immersed in the enjoyments 
 of this. Atterbnry. 
 
 Immerse, adj. [immersus, Lat.] Buried ^ 
 covered ; sunk deep. 
 
 After long enquiry of things immerse in matter, 
 I interpose some oBjcct which is imraateriate or 
 less materiate ; such as this of sounds, that the 
 intellect may become not partial. Bacon. 
 
 Imme'rsion. n. s. [imtncrsio, Lat. im- 
 mersion, Fr.] 
 
 1. The act of putting any body into a fluid 
 below the surface. 
 
 Achiiles's mother is said to have dipped him, 
 when he was a child, in the river Styx, which 
 made him invulnerable all over, excepting that 
 y art which the mother held in her iiand during 
 this immersion. Addison s Guardian. 
 
 2. The state of sinking below tlie surface 
 of a fluid. 
 
 3. The state of being overwhelmed or lost 
 in any respect 
 
 Many persons, who, through the heat of their 
 lusts and passions, through the contagion of ill 
 
 I M M 
 
 example, or too deep an immersum in the affairs 
 of life, swerve from the rjles of their holy faith ; 
 yet would, upon extraordinary waniiiig, he 
 Drought to comply with them. Atterbury. 
 
 I.mmetho'dical, adj. [in and methodi- 
 cal.] Confused; being without regula- 
 rity ; being without method. 
 
 M. Baylc compares the answering of an imme- 
 tkoilicul author to the hunting of a duck : when 
 you have liiiu full in your sight, he gives vou the 
 slip, and becomes invisible. jiddiion. 
 
 Immetho'dically. adv. [from imme- 
 fhodical.] Without method ; -witLout 
 order. 
 
 I'm.minence. n. s. [from imminent.] .\ny 
 ill impending ; immediate or near dan- 
 ger. A word not in use. 
 
 I do not speak of flight, of fear, of death ; 
 But dare all imminence, tfiat gods and men 
 Address their dangers in. Skakesp. 
 
 I'MMINENT. adj. [imminent, Fr. immi- 
 nens, Lat.] Impending; at hand; threat- 
 ening. Always in an Ul sense. 
 
 What dangers at any time are imminent, what 
 evils hang over our heads, God doth know, and 
 not we. Hooker. 
 
 Three times to-day 
 You have defended me from imminent death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 These she appllesfor warnings and portents 
 Of evils imminent ; and on her knee 
 Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to-day. 
 
 Skakesp. 
 
 To them preach'd 
 
 Conversioii and repentance, as to souls 
 
 In prig on, under judgments imminfnf. MiUon. 
 
 ^len could not sail without imminent danger 
 
 and inconveniences. Pope. 
 
 To Immi'ngle. i". a. [in and mingle,] 
 To mingle ; to mix ; to imite. 
 
 Some of us, like thee, through stormy life 
 Toil'd, tempest-beaten, ere we could attain 
 Ttiis holy calm, this harmony of mind. 
 Where purity and peace immin^le charms.' 
 
 Tlumson. 
 
 Imminu'tion. n.s. [£roxa imminuo, Lat.] 
 Diminution; decrease. 
 
 These revolutions are as exactly uniform as the 
 earth's are, which could not be, were there any 
 place for chance, and did not a Providence con- 
 tinually oversee and secure tliem from all altera- 
 tion or imminut:on. Hay on the Creation. 
 
 IMMISCIBILITY'. n. s. [bom immiscible.] 
 
 Incapacit}' of being mingled. 
 Immiscible, adj. [in and miscible.] Not 
 
 capable of being mingled. Clarissa. 
 Immi'ssion. n. s. [immissio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of sending i;i ; contrary to emission. 
 7yI.MMi'T. v.n. [immitto, Lat.] To send 
 
 in. 
 
 7'o1mm'ix. I', a, [in and mix,] Tomingle. 
 
 Samson, with these immiit, inevitably 
 Pull'd down the same destruction on himself. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Immi'xable. adj. [in and mix.] Impos- 
 sible to be mingled. 
 
 Till a glass sphere with such liquonrs as may be 
 clear, of the same colour, and immixable.Wilkins. 
 
 Immobi'lity. n.s. [immobilite, Fr. from 
 immobilis, Lat.] Unmoveableiiess; want 
 of motion ; resistance to motion. 
 
 The course of fluids through tlie vascular solids 
 must in time harden the libres, and abi'lisli many 
 of the canals; from whence driness, weakness, 
 immobility, and debility of the vital force 
 
 Arbuthnot on .ilinienU. 
 
 943
 
 I M M 
 
 IMMODERATE, adj. [imniodere, Fr. 
 immudtralus, Lat.] Excessive; exceed- 
 ing the due mean. 
 
 Oiie means, ver^ clVeclual for the preservation 
 of health, is a quiet and cheerful mind, not af- 
 flicted with violent passions, or distracted with 
 immoderate cares. Kay on the Creation. 
 
 Immoderately, adv. [from immode- 
 rate.] In an excessive degree. 
 
 Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 The heat weakened more and more the arch of 
 the earth, sucking out the moisture that was the 
 cement of its parts, drying it immoderatelii, and 
 chapping it. Burnet's Theory. 
 
 I.mmodera'tion. n.s. [immoderation, 
 Fr. from immoderate.] Want of mode 
 ration ; excess. 
 
 I. M MODEST, adj. [immodeste, Fr. in and 
 modeal] 
 
 1 . Wanting shame ; wanting delicacy or 
 chastity. 
 
 She railed at herself, that she sheuld be so im- 
 modest to write to one that she knew would flout 
 her. SImkesp. 
 
 2. Unchaste; impure. 
 
 Immodest deeds vou hinder to be wrought ; 
 But we proscribe the least immodest thought DryJ. 
 
 3. Obscene. 
 
 'Tis needful that the nmst immodest word 
 Be look'd upon and learn'd ; which once attain'd, 
 Comes lo no farther use 
 But to be known and hated. Shakesp. 
 
 Immodest words admit of no defence. 
 For want of decency is want of sense. Rosconimwi. 
 
 4. Unreasonable ; exorbitant ; arrogant. 
 Immo'desty. n.s. [immodeslie, Vr. from 
 
 immodest.] Want of modesty ; inde- 
 cency. 
 It was a piece of immodesty. Pofe. 
 
 To IMMOLATE, v. a. [immolo, lat. 
 
 immoler, Fr.] 
 J . To sacrifice ; to kill in sacrifice. 
 
 These courtiers of applause being oftentimes 
 reduced lo live in want, these costly trifles so en- 
 grossing all that they can spare, that they fre- 
 quently enough are forced lo immolate their own 
 aesires lo their vaniiy. Boyle. 
 
 2. To offer in sacrifice. 
 
 Now immolate the tongues, and mix the wine. 
 Sacred to Neptune, and the pow'rs divine. Pope. 
 
 Immola'tion. n. s. [immolation, Fr. 
 from immolate.] 
 
 1 . The act of sacrificing. 
 
 In the picture of the immolation of Isaac, or 
 Abraham sacrificing his son, Isaac is described as 
 a little bo^. Bromi. 
 
 2. A sacrifice offered. 
 
 We make mure barbarous immolations than the 
 most savage heathens. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Immo'ment. adj. [in and moment.] Trif- 
 ling ; of no importance or value. A bar- 
 barous word. 
 
 I some lady-trifles have reserved, 
 Immoment toys, things of such dignity 
 As we gret't modern friends withal. Shakesp. 
 
 Immo'ral. adj. [in and moral.] 
 
 1. \\'anting regard to the laws of natural 
 religion ; as, a flatterer of vice is an im- 
 moral man 
 
 2. Contrary to honesty; dishonest: as, de- 
 sertion of a calumniated friend is an im- 
 moral action. 
 
 Immorality, n.s. [from immoral.] Dis- 
 honesty ; want of virtue ; contrariety 
 to virtue. 
 Such men are put into the commission of the 
 
 I M M 
 
 peace who encoilrage the grossest immoralities, to 
 whi>ra all the bawds of the ward pay contribu- 
 tion. Su-ift. 
 
 IMMORTAL, adj. [immorlalis, Lat.] 
 I . Exempt from death ; being never to die. 
 
 'lo the king eternal, immortal, invisible, the 
 only wise God, be glory for ever. 1 Tim. i. 17. 
 
 Her body sleeps in Caupulet's niomunient. 
 And her immortal part with angels lives. Shakesp. 
 
 I'here was an opinion in gross, that the soul was 
 immortal. Abbot's Description of tlie World. 
 
 The Paphian queen, 
 With gored hand, and veil so rudely torn, 
 Like terror did anu>ng the irnmortals breed. 
 Taught by her wound that goddesses may bleed. 
 
 Wallei: 
 2. Never ending ; perpetual. 
 
 Give me my robe, put on my crown : 1 have 
 Immortal longings in lue. Shakesp. 
 
 Immortality, n. s. [immorlalite, Fr. 
 
 from immortal.] 
 1 . Exemption from death ; life never to end. 
 
 This corruptible shall put on incorruption, and 
 this mortal, immortality. Corinth. 
 
 Quart" immortality, and joy. Milton. 
 
 He th' immortality of souls proclaim'd. 
 Whom th' oracle of men the wisest nam'd. Denh. 
 
 His existcnco will of itself continue for ever, 
 unless it be destroyed ; which is impossible, from 
 the immutability of God, and the nature of his 
 immortality. ' Cheyne. 
 
 When we know cogitation is the prime attri- 
 bute of a spirit, we infer its immateriality, and 
 tiieiice its immm-tality. 'iVatts. 
 
 2. Exemption from oblivion. 
 Immo'rtally. adv. [from the adjective.] 
 
 So as never to die. 
 To Immo'rtalize. v. a. [immorlaliser, 
 
 Fr. from immortal.] 
 
 1. To inake immortal; to perpetuate; to 
 exempt from death. 
 
 For mortal things desire their like to breed 
 That so they may their kind immortalize. Davies 
 
 2. To exempt from oblivion. 
 Drive them from Orleans, and be immortaliz'd. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Ty Im.mort A LIZ E. V. n. To become im- 
 mortal 
 
 I M P 
 
 [ 1. Discharge from any obligation. 
 
 Of things harudess whatsoever there is, which 
 the whole church doth observe, to argue for any 
 man's immunity from observing the same, it were 
 a ponit of most insolent madness. Hooker. 
 
 2. Privilege ; exemption from onerous du- 
 ties. 
 
 Granting great immunities to the commons, they 
 prevaded so far as to cause Palladius to be pro- 
 claimed successor. Sidney. 
 
 Simon sent to Demetrius, to the end he should 
 give the land an immunity, because all that Try- 
 phon did was to spoil. i. Mac. xiii. 31. 
 
 The laily invidiously aggravate the rights and 
 immunities of the clergy. Spratl's Sermons. 
 
 •i. Freedom. 
 
 Common apprehensions entertain the antidotal 
 colidilion of Ireland, conceiving only in that land 
 
 This word is, I think, peculiar 
 to Pope. 
 
 Fix the year precise. 
 When British bards begin t' immortalise. Pope. 
 
 Immo'rtally. adv. [from immortal.] 
 With exemption from death ; without 
 end. 
 
 There is your crown-, 
 And he that wears the crown immortally. 
 Long guard it yours ! Shakesp.'Henry IV. 
 
 What pily 'tis that he cannot wallow immor- 
 tally in his sensual pleasures ! Bentley. 
 
 Immovable, adj. [in and moveable.] 
 
 1. Not to be forced from its place. 
 
 We shall not question his removing the earth, 
 when he hnds an immoveable base to place his en- 
 gine upon. Brown. 
 
 2. Not liable to be carried away; real in 
 law. 
 
 When an executor meddles with the immovahle 
 estate, before he has siezed on them oveable goods, 
 it may be then appealed from the execution of 
 sentence. Aylijf'e's Parergon. 
 
 3. Unshaken ; iinaffecled. 
 How much ba]>picr is he, who centring on him- 
 self, remains imnuujahle, and smiles at the mad- 
 ness of the dance about him ! Dryden. 
 
 Immo'vably. adv. [from immovable.] 
 In a state not to be shaken. 
 
 Immovablo firm to their duty, when they could 
 have no prospect of reward, Atterbury. 
 
 Immu'nity. n. s. [immunite, Fr. immu- 
 nitus, Lat.] 
 
 an immunity from venemous creatures. Brown. 
 
 But this annex'd condition of the crown. 
 Immunity from errors, you disown. Dryden. 
 
 To Immu're. I', a. [in and murus, Lat. 
 emurer, old Fr. so that it might be written 
 emmure.] To inclose within walls; to 
 confine ; to shut up ; to imprison. 
 
 Pity, you ancient stones, these tender babes, 
 Whom envy hath immur'd within your walls '.Shak. 
 One of these three contains her heav'niy picture; 
 And shall I think in silver she's immur'd [Shakesp. 
 At the first descent on shore he was not im- 
 mured with a wooden vessel, but he did counte- 
 nance the landing in his long-boat. Wotton. 
 Lysim.achus immur'd it with a wall. Sandys. 
 Tliough a foul foolish prison her immure 
 On earth, she, when escap'd, is wise and pure. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Immu're. n.s. [from the verb,] A wall ; 
 an inclosure; as in Shakespeare, but 
 perhaps no where else. 
 
 I heir vow is made 
 To ransack Troy ; wiihin whose strong immures 
 The ravibh'd Helen, Mcnelaus' queen, 
 With wanton Paris sleeps. Shakesp. 
 
 Immu'sical. adj. [in and musical.] 
 Inharmonius ; wanting proportion of 
 sound. 
 
 All sounds are cither musical, which are ever 
 equal, or immimcal, w hich are ever unequal, as the 
 voice in speaking, and whisperings. Bacon. 
 
 We consider the immusical note of all swans we 
 ever beheld or heard of. Broum. 
 
 Immutabi'lity. n. s. [immutabilitas, 
 Lat. immutabilite, Fr. from immutable.] 
 FLxemption from change ; invariable- 
 ness ; unchangeableness. 
 
 'I'he immutability of God they strive unto, by 
 working after one and the same manner. Hooker. 
 
 His existence will of itself continue for ever, 
 unless it he destroyed ; which is impossible, from 
 the immutability ot God. Cheyne. 
 
 IMMUTABLE, adj. [immiitabilis, Lat.] 
 Unchangeable ; invarial>le ; unalterable. 
 By two immutable things, in which it was im- 
 possible for G«d to lye, we have a strong consola- 
 tion. ■ Heh. vi. 
 Thy threat'nings. Lord, as thine, Ihou inay'st 
 revoke ; 
 But if immutable and fix'd they stand. 
 
 Continue still thyself to give the stroke, 
 And let not foreign foes oppress thy land, Dryd. 
 Immu'tably. adv. [from immutable] 
 Unalterably ; invariably ; unchange- 
 ably. 
 His love is like his essence, immutably eternal. 
 
 Boyle. 
 Imp. n. s. [imp, Welsh; a shoot, a sprout, 
 
 a sprig.] 
 X . A son ; the offspring ; progeny. 
 
 That noble impyour son.Li/. Cromwell to K. Hen. 
 And thou, most dreadful imp of highest Jove, 
 Fair Venus' son. Fairy Q. 
 
 The tender imp was weaned from tlie teat. Fair/ ai.
 
 I M P 
 
 A lad of life, an imp of fame. Shakesp. Hen. V. 
 2. A subaltern devil ; a puny devil. In 
 this sense 'tis still retained. 
 
 Such we (ien^ not to be the imps and limbs of 
 Satan. liooktr. 
 
 Tlie serpent after lonj; debate, irresolute 
 Of tlioii^ibts ruvoivcd, his f.ual sentence eliose, 
 Ir'it vessel, fittest jjH/Xjf fraud, in whom 
 'i'o enter, and liis dark, suggestions Iiide 
 From siiariK'st sight. Miltini^ Vurai], Lost. 
 
 As soon as vou can hear Ids linell, 
 'J'liis god on eurtli turns d— — 1 in hell ; 
 And, lol his ministers of state, 
 Transforni'd to imps, his levee wait. Su-ij't. 
 
 To Imp. v. a. [impio to enjiraft, Welsh.] 
 To lengthen or enlarge with any thing 
 adscititious. It is originallj' a term used 
 by Calconers, who repair a hawk's wing 
 ■with adscititious feathers. 
 
 If tllen we shall shake oti" our slavish voke. 
 Imp out our drooping country's broken wings. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 New rebellions raise 
 Their hydra heads, and tlie false Nortli displays 
 Her broken league to imp her serpents wings. 
 
 'Milton. 
 Help, ye tart satyrists to imp my rage 
 With all the scorpions that should whip this age. 
 
 Cleai^elund- 
 
 With cord and canvass from ricli Hamburgh sent, 
 
 His navy's molted wings he imps once more. Diyd. 
 
 ^ew creatures rise, 
 A moving mass at first, and short of thighs ; 
 'Till shooting out with legs, and imp'd with wings. 
 The grubs proceed to bees with pointed stings. 
 
 Di-ydeii. 
 Tlie mercury of heav'n, with silver wings 
 Imps lor the flight, to overtake his ghost. Southern. 
 
 To Impact, v. a. [impactus, Lat.] To 
 drive close or hard. 
 
 They are angular; but of wl)at particular figure 
 is not easy to determine, because of their being 
 impacted so thick and confusedly together. 
 
 ]Vi>odivard on Fossils. 
 To Impa'int. v. a. [in and pa hi f.] To 
 paint ; to decorate with colours. Not 
 in u<;e. 
 
 Never did insurrection want 
 Such water-colours to itnpaint his cause. Shakesp. 
 To Impa'ir. v. a. [empirer to make 
 worse, Yr. Skinmr.'] "To diminish ; to 
 injisre ; to make worse ; to lessen in 
 quantity, \'alue, or excellence. 
 
 To change any such law, must needs, with the 
 common sort, impair and weaken the force of those 
 grounds whereby all laws are made efl^ectual.//iw/c. 
 
 Objects divine 
 Blnst needs impair, and weary hnman sense. Milt. 
 
 That soon refreshed him weary d, and repair'd 
 What hunger, if augkt hunger'had impair'd. 
 Or thirst. Milton's Parad. Itegain'd. 
 
 Nor was the work impaired by storms alone. 
 But felt tir approaches of loo warm a sun. ^ope. 
 In years he seem'd, but not impaired by years. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Impair, v. n. To be lessened or 
 worn out. 
 
 Hesh may impair, quoth he, but reason can 
 repair. Fairp Queen. 
 
 Impa'ir. ti. s. [from the verb.] Dimi- 
 nution ; decrease. Not used. 
 
 A loadstone, kept in tmdue position, tliat is, 
 not lying on the meridian, or with its poles in- 
 verted, receives in longer lime impair in activity 
 and exchange of faces, and is more powerfully 
 preserved by site than dust of steel. Broun. 
 
 Impa'ikment. n. s. [from impair.] Di- 
 minution ; injury. 
 
 His posterity, at this distance, and after so per- 
 petual im/MiVnicnl, cannot but condemn the poverty 
 of Adam's coiiception, that tliought to obscure 
 himself from his Creator in the shade of the gar- 
 den. Brown's Vul^. Err. 
 
 Vol. i. 
 
 IMP 
 
 Impa'lpable. adj. [impalpable, I'r. in 
 anil palpable.] Not to be perceived by 
 touch. 
 
 It" beaten into an impnljiohle powder, when 
 poured (Hit, it will emulaie a lii]uor, i<y reason 
 that the smallucss of the parts do make them easy 
 to he put into motion. Boyle. 
 
 To Impa'p.a.dise. v. a. [imparadisare, 
 Ital.] To put in a ]7lace or state resem- 
 bling paradise in felicity. 
 
 This imparadised neighbourhood niadeZelmane's 
 S(nd cleave unto her, both tlirough llie ivory case 
 of her body, and tlie apparel » Inch did' over- 
 cloud it. Sidney. . 
 All my souls be \ 
 Imparadis'd in you, in wliom ahme 
 1 understand, and grow, and see. Donne. 
 
 1 bus these two, 
 Imparadis'd in one another's arms. 
 The happier Fden, shall enjov tlieir fill 
 Of bliss on bliss. i\Iilt07i's I'arad. Lost. 
 
 Impa'kity. }i. s. [imparitas, impar, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Inequality; disproportion. 
 
 Some bodies are hard, some soft : the har-'ness 
 is caused chieHy by the jejuneness of the spirits, 
 and their imparity with tlie tangible parts. Bacon. 
 
 2. Oddness ; indivisibility into equal 
 parts. 
 
 What verity is there in that numeral conceit, in 
 the lateral division of man, by even and odd ; 
 and so by parity or imparity of letters in men's 
 names, to determine misfortunes ou either tide 
 of their bodies? Brown's Vulg. En-. 
 
 To Impa'rk. v. a. [in and purl:.] To 
 inclose with a park ; to sever from a 
 common. 
 
 To IMPA'RT. V. a. [impardor, Lat.] 
 
 1. To grant ; to give. 
 
 Higli state and honours to others impart, 
 But give me your heart. Drydcn. 
 
 2. To make known ; to show by words 
 or tokens. 
 
 Gentle lady, 
 Wlien first I did imjfa'rt my love to you, 
 I freely told you, all the wealth 1 had 
 Ran in my veins. Shakesji. Merchant of Venice. 
 As in confession the revealing is for the ease of 
 a man's heart, so secret men come to the know- 
 ledge of many thiugs, while men rather disetiarge 
 than impart tlieir minds. Bacon. 
 
 'rhou to me thy thoughts 
 Wast wont, I mine to thee was wont t' impart. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 3. To communicate ; to grant as to a par- 
 taker. 
 
 I find thee knowing of thyself; 
 Expressing well tlie s])irit within thee free, 
 JMy image, not imparted to tlie brute. Milton. 
 
 Impa'rtial. adj. [impnrtia/,Vr. in and 
 partial.] Equitable ; free from regard 
 to party ; indifferent ; disinterested ; 
 equal in distribution of justice ; just. 
 It is used as well of actions as persons : 
 an impartial jndge ; an impartial sen- 
 tence. 
 
 Success I hope, and fate I cainiot fear : 
 Alive or dead, I shall deserve a name ; 
 .love is impartial, and to both tlie same. 7>n/rfcn. 
 
 Impartiality, n. s. [impartialUc.Fr. 
 from impartial,] Equitableness ; jus- 
 tice ; indifference. 
 
 A pious and well disposed will gives not only 
 diligence, but also im/'nrd'u/iti/ to the undcrs'aml- 
 ing in its search into religion, which is abtoluteiy 
 necessary to give success unto our impiiries into 
 trutli ; it being scarce possible for that man to hit 
 the mark, whose eye is still glancuig upon some- 
 thing beside it. Sinith. 
 
 Impartially, adv. [from impartial.] 
 
 IMP 
 
 Equitably ; with indifferent and un- 
 biassed judgment; without regard to 
 party or interest ; Ju-stly ; honestly. 
 
 Since the Scripture promises eternal happinesi 
 and pardon of sin, upon the sole condition of faith 
 and sincere obedience, it is evident, tiiat he only 
 can plead a title to sucii a pardon, whose consci- 
 ence impartially tells him thai he lias performed 
 the required c<jndilion. .Smith, 
 
 Impa'rtihlk. adj. [impartible, Tr.i'rom 
 imparl.] Communicable; to be con- 
 ferred or bestowed. This word is ele- 
 gant, though used by few writers. 
 
 The same body may he conceived to be more 
 or less impartible than it is active or heavy. Diahv. 
 I.mpa'.ssable. adj. [in and passable.] 
 Not to be passed ; not admitting pas- 
 sage : impervious. 
 
 There are in America many high and vnpassable 
 mountains, which are very rich. Jw/d^A. 
 
 Over this gulf 
 ImpassahU, im])crvious ; let us try, 
 'I'o found a path from bell to that new world. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 When Alexander would have passed the Ganges, 
 
 he was told by the Indians that all beyond it was 
 
 either itnpassahle marshes, or sandy desarls. Tenpie. 
 
 Impassibility, n.s. [impassihililc,FT. 
 from impassible.] Exemption from suf- 
 fering ; insusceptibility of injury from 
 external things. 
 
 Two divinities might have [deaded their prero- 
 gative of impassibility, or at least not have been 
 wounded by any mortal band. Dniden's.i^n. Dedi. 
 
 Impa'ssible. adj. [impassible, I'r. in 
 and passio, L.it.] Incapable of suffer- 
 ing; exempt from the agency of exter- 
 nal causes ; exempt from pain. 
 
 If the upper soul check w hat is consented to by 
 tlie will, in compliance with tbe tlesh, and call 
 then hope that, after a few years of sensuality, that 
 rebellious servant shall be eternally cast ot^7 drop 
 into a perpetual impassible nothing, take a long pro- 
 gress into a land where ail things are forgotten, 
 tills would be some colour. Hammond. 
 
 Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart. 
 Though naked , and impassible depart. Drvdetu 
 Impa'ssibleness. n. s. [from impas- 
 sible.] Impassibility ; exemption from 
 pain. 
 
 How shameless a partiality is it, thus to reserve 
 all the sensualities of this world, and yet crv out 
 for the impassibleness of the ne.xt .-' Decay of Pittv. 
 
 Impa'ssioned. adj. [in and passion.] 
 Disordered by passion. 
 
 So, staniling, moving, or to height upgrown. 
 The tempter, all impassion'd, thus oegau. 3it7n>ii. 
 
 Impa'ssive. adj. [in and passive.] Ex- 
 empt from the agency of external 
 causes. 
 
 She told him wliat tiiose empty phantoms were, 
 Furuis without bodies, and impossiie air. Dry. .iin. 
 
 I'ale suns, unfelt at distance, roll away ; 
 And on the impassive ice the lightnings play. Pope. 
 
 Impa'sted. adj. [in and paste.] Con- 
 creted as into paste. This word is not 
 in use. 
 
 Horribly trickt 
 With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons, 
 Bak'd ami impasted witli the parching fires. Shak. 
 
 Impa'tience. n.s. [impatience, Fr, im- 
 patientia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Inability to suffer pain; rage under 
 suffering. 
 
 -All the power of his wits has given way to his 
 •mpatifiicc. Shaitesp. King Lear. 
 
 riie experiment I resolved to uake was upoa 
 thought, and not rashness or iiJipatience. Temple. 
 
 2. \'ehemence of temper ; heat of passion, 
 
 GE -^^^
 
 I M P 
 
 3. Inability to suffer delay ; eajjerness. 
 Impatient. a((j. [ioipatitnt^ Tr. impa- 
 iivus, I -.■it.] 
 
 1. Not able to endure ; incapable to bear : 
 with oJ\ 
 
 Fame, impatient of extremes, flecays 
 Nut iiKjrc by e .vy ihiin excess of praise. Po'pe. 
 
 2. J'urious with });iin ; unable to bear 
 pain. 
 
 The tortui'H suvage turns nrouiid, 
 And tiiiigs about his foasn, impalkni of i\\&vio\\\\ii, 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 3. Vehemently ap^itated by some painful 
 passion : wiih at before tlie occasion : 
 witli '?/ impatieiice is referred more to 
 the thiuij, with at to the person. 
 
 'Vo be impatient at llie death of a |jerson, con- 
 cerning wiu.ni it was certain he niuat die, is to 
 mourn because tliy friend was not born an ansc). 
 Tciv/t'r's Rule of Living liolij. 
 
 4. Hot ; hasty. 
 
 The impatient man will not give himself time to 
 be infunued uf the nicitter that lies before him. 
 
 Addison s Spectator. 
 
 5. Eager; ardently desirous; not able to 
 endure delay: with^or before the thing 
 desired. 
 
 The mieiity Ccesar ^vaits his vital hour. 
 Impatient for the world, and grasps his promis'd 
 pow'r. Dryden, 
 
 On llie seas prepar'd the vessel stands; 
 Th' impatient mariner thy speed demands. Pope. 
 
 Impa'tiently. adv. [from impatient,] 
 
 1. With rage, under uneasiness. 
 
 2. Passionately; ardently. 
 
 He considered one thing so impaticntlif, that he 
 would not admit any thing else to be worth con- 
 sideration. Clarendon, 
 
 3. Eagerly ; with great desire. 
 
 To Impa'tronize. ?■, a. \impatr0niser3 
 Vv. in and patronizi.] To gain to one's 
 self the power of any seigniory. This 
 word is not usual. 
 
 'I'lie ambition of the Frencli king was to imjsa- 
 tronize iiimself of the dutchy. Bacons Hen. \'1I. 
 
 To Impawn, v, a. [in and pawn,] To 
 impignorate ; to pawn ; to give as a 
 pledge ; to pledge. 
 
 Go to the king, and let tliere be immum^d 
 Some surety for a safe return again, ohak, H. IV. 
 
 Many now in health 
 Shall drop iheii blood, in approbation 
 Of what your reverence sliall invite us to ; 
 Therefore take heed how you impawn our |»erson, 
 How vuu awake our sleeping sword of war. 6hak 
 
 To IM'pE'ACH. t'. a. [fmpcchir, Fr.] 
 
 1. To hinder ; to impede. Ti)is sense is 
 little ill use. 
 
 Each door he opened without any breach ; 
 There was no bar to stop, nor toe him to impeach. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 His sons did impeach bis jnurnev to the H')l_v 
 Land, and vexed liimal! the days ofliis life. Daries. 
 
 If they will impeach the purposes of an army, 
 which thev Imve no reason to tliink iheiuvelves 
 able to resist, iti y put thenibelves out of all ex- 
 pectatitm of mercy. Hayward. 
 
 A deHnxion on my throat impeached my utter- 
 ance. Hotcel. 
 
 2. To accuse by public authority. 
 
 Tliey were both impeached by a house of com- 
 mons. Addison. 
 
 Great dissentions were kindled betwien the 
 nobles and commons on account of Coriolanu-, 
 whom tlie latter bad impeached. Uniji. 
 
 Impe'ach. n. s. [from the verb.] Hin- 
 drance ; let ; impediment. 
 
 Why, what an intricate impeach is tliis ! 
 
 I M P 
 
 If here you lious'd iiim, here he would have been ; 
 If he were niad, lie would not plead so colriiy. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Impe'ach ABLE. adj. [from impeach.] 
 Accusab'e; chargc.ible. 
 
 II. id G(id omitted by positive laws to give re- 
 ligion to the world, the wisdom of his providence 
 had been impeachable. Grew. 
 
 Impe'acher. 71, s. [i'von\ impeach.] An 
 accuser ; one who brings an accusation 
 against anolher. 
 
 Many of our fiercest impeachers would icare the 
 Helinijucnl the nierciful iii(iuit,cnce rpf » S.(x iour. 
 Govcnmwnt of tlie Tongue. 
 Impk'aCHMENT, n, S. [from /m;;(Y/c//.] 
 
 1. Hindrance ; let ; impediment ; ob- 
 struction. Not in use. 
 
 Tell us what things, during ;jouriate cotitinn- 
 ance there, are most otfensive, and tlie greatest 
 impeachment to the good government thereof. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 Tel! thy king I do not seek him now ; 
 But could be willing to marcli on to Calais, 
 \Vithout impeachment. Shake.<-p. Henry V 
 
 Neitiier is this accession of necessity any im 
 peiichment to Christian liberty, or ensnaring of 
 men's consciences. Sanderson. 
 
 2. Public accusation ; charge preferred. 
 The king, provok'd tf) it by the queen, 
 
 Devis'd impeachments io imprison iiim. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard XIT. 
 The lord Somers, though his accusers would 
 gladly have dropped their impeachmsntf was in- 
 stant with them for the prosecution. Addison. 
 The consequences of Coriulanus's impeachment 
 had like to have been fatal to their state. AVj/C. 
 To Impe'arl. V. fl. [in and pearl.] 
 
 1, To form in resemblance of pearls. 
 
 Innumerable as tlie stars of niglit, 
 Or stars of mornini;, dewdrops, which the sun 
 Impcarls on every leaf, and cv'ry fluw'r. Milton. 
 
 2. Io decorate as with pearls. 
 
 The dews of the morning impearl every thorn, 
 and scatter diamonds on the verdant mantle of 
 the earth. Dighy to Pope. 
 
 Impeccaei'lity. n. s. [impcccahilitt, 
 Fr. from impeccable.] Exemption from 
 sin ; exemption from failure. 
 
 Infailibility and impeccability are two of his at- 
 tributes. Pope. 
 
 Impe'ccable. adj. [impeccabie, Fr. in 
 and pccco, Lat.] Exempt from possi- 
 bility of sin. 
 
 That man pretends he never commits any act 
 
 prohibited by tlie word of God, and then that 
 
 were a rare charm to render him impeccable, or 
 
 that is the means of consecrating every sin of his. 
 
 Hammond on Fundamentals. 
 
 To Impe'de. r. a, [impedio, Lat.] To 
 hinder ; to let ; to obstruct. 
 All the forces are mustered to impede its passage. 
 Decay of' Piety. 
 The way is open, and no stop to force 
 The stars return, or to impede their course. 
 
 Creech. Manit. 
 Impe'diment. n, s. [impedimentumy 
 Lat.] Hindrance; let; impeachment; 
 obstruction; opposition. 
 
 The minds of beasts grudge not at their bodies 
 comfort, nor are their senses letted from enjoying 
 their objects : we have the impediments oi honour, 
 and the torments of conscience. Sidney. 
 
 \\'h;it impediments there are to hinder it, and 
 which were the speediest way to remove them. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 The life is led most happily wlierein all virtue 
 
 is exercised without impediment or let. Hooker, 
 
 But for my tears. 
 The moist impediments unto my speech, 
 I hud forcstall'd this dear and deep rebuke. Shak 
 
 I\Iay 1 never 
 To this good purpose, that so fairly shews, 
 Dreara of impediment. Shak. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 I M P 
 
 They bring one that was deaf, and lip.d an im- 
 pediment in his speech. Mark, vii. 3'2. 
 
 Fear is the greatest impediment to martyrdom; 
 and he that is overcome bv little arguments of 
 pain, will hardly consent to 'lose his life with tor- 
 ments. _ Taptor's Rule of J.ii Jn-- Holy. 
 
 Free from th' impediments of light and noise, ^ 
 M.in, thus rctir'd, bis nobler thoughts employs. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 To Impe'l. I', a. [impel/o, Lat.] To 
 dii\ e on towards a point ; to urge for- 
 ward ; to pre.ss on. 
 
 So ^lirruli's luind, impelCd on either side. 
 Takes cv'ry lient, but cannot long abide. Urxiden. 
 
 The smge impeil'd me on a cr.iggy coast. "Pope. 
 Propitious gales 
 Attei.d thy voyage, and impel thy sails. Pope's Od. 
 
 A miglnier jiow'r the strong direction sends, 
 And.^ev'ral men impels to sevVal ends ; 
 Thisdiives them constant to a certain coast. Pope. 
 Impe'llent. n. s. [impillens, Lat] An 
 iinpiilsive power; a power that drives 
 fov\'.'ard. 
 
 How such a variety of motions should be recti- 
 larly managed, in sucli a wilderness of passages, 
 by mere bliiul ;m;)c//cn(s and material conveyances, 
 1 have not the least conjecture. Glamitie. 
 
 To IMPE'ND. v.n. [impetideo, Lat.] 
 
 1, To liana; over. 
 
 Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends ; 
 Ulysses comes, and death iiis steps atti^nds.P(>/ie. 
 
 2. I'o be at hand ; to press nearly. It is 
 used in an ill sen.se. 
 
 It expresses our deep sorrow for our past sins, 
 and our lively sense of Gods impending wrath. 
 
 Smallrid^es Sermons, 
 
 No stor3' I unfold of publick woes, 
 Nor bear advices of impending foes. Pope's Odxis. 
 
 Impe'ndent. adj. [impendcns, Lat.] 
 Imminent ; hanging over ; pressing 
 closely. In an ill sense. 
 
 If the evil feared or impendent be a greater sen- 
 sible evil than the good, it over-rules the appetite 
 to aversation. Hale, 
 
 Dreadful in arms, on Landen's glorious plain 
 Place Orniond's duke : impendent in the air 
 Let his keen sabre, coniet-likc, appear. Prior. 
 
 Impe'ndence. n. s. [from impendent.^ 
 The state of hanging over ; near ap- 
 proach. 
 
 Good sometimes is not safe to be attempted, 
 by reason of the impendence of a greater sensible 
 evil. Hale. 
 
 iMPENiTRABi'LlTY. 7J. s. [impenetra- 
 bilife, I"r. from inipenetrnblf.] 
 
 1. Quality of not being pierceable, or 
 permeable. 
 
 All bodies, so far as experience reaches, are 
 either hard, or mav be hardened ; and we have 
 no other evidence of universal impenetrabiiitv, be- 
 sides a large experience, without an experimental 
 exception. Xctijtons Opticks. 
 
 2. Insusceptibility of intellectual impres- 
 sion. 
 
 IJMPK'NETRABLE. adj. [impenetrable, 
 Fr. impeneirabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not to be pierced ; not to be entered 
 by any external force. 
 
 With hardening cold, and forming heat. 
 The Cyclops didlheir strokes repeat. 
 Before th' impenetrable shield w as w rought. Dryd, 
 
 2. Impervious ; not admitting entrance. 
 Deep into some thick covert would I run, 
 
 Impenetrable to the stars or sun. Dryden. 
 
 '1 he mind frights itself with any tiling reflected 
 on in gross : tilings, thus otfered to the mind, 
 carry the shew of nothing hut ditiiculiy in them, 
 and "are thought to be wrapped up in impenetrable 
 obscurity. Locke. 
 
 3. Not to be taught ; not to be informed. 
 
 4. Not to be affected ; not to be moved. 
 
 946
 
 I M P 
 
 It is tlie most impenetrable cur 
 That ever kept with men. 
 •^Let liitii alone ; 
 I'll f(»lIow liim no more ^vitli bootless prayers. Shak. 
 
 Some will never believe a proposition in divi- 
 nity, if any thing can be said against it : they 
 will be crennlous in all aiiairs of life, but imptne- 
 trahle by a sermon of the gospel. Taytor. 
 
 Impenetrably, adv. [from impene- 
 trable.] With hardness to a degree in- 
 capable of impression. 
 
 P.liiiU the sense, and fit it for a skull 
 Of solid proof, impenetrably dull. Pope. 
 
 Impe'mtence. ( n. i. [impenitence, Fr. 
 
 Jmpe'ni TENCY. j in and penitence.] 
 Obduracy ; want of remorse for crimes ; 
 final disregard of God's threatenings or 
 mercy. 
 
 Where one man ever comes to repent, a thou- 
 sand end their days in final impenitence. South. 
 Before the revelation of the gospel the wicked- 
 ness and imjienitencu of the iieathens was a much 
 more excusable thing, because they were in a 
 
 f^rcat measure ignoralTt of the rewards of another 
 ife. _ Tillotson. 
 
 He will advance from one degree of wickedness 
 and impenittnce to another, 'till at last he becomes 
 hardened without remorse. Ro^ns. 
 
 Impenitent, adj. [impenitent, Fr. ('« 
 and penitent.'] Finally negligent of the 
 duty of repentance ; obdurate. 
 
 Our Lord in anger hath granted some impeni- 
 tent men's request ; as, on the other side, the 
 apostle's suit he hath of favour and mercy not 
 granted. Hooker. 
 
 They dy'd 
 Impenitent, and left a race behind 
 Like to themselves. Milton. 
 
 When the reward of penitents, and punishment 
 of inipcnitents, is once assented to as true, 'tis im- 
 possible but the mind of man sliould wish for the 
 one, and have dislikes to the ether. Hammond. 
 Impe'kitently. adv. [from impenitent.] 
 Obdurately ; without repentance. 
 
 The condition required f>f us is a constellation of 
 all the gospel graces, every one of them rooted in 
 the heart, though mixed with much weakness, and 
 perh:ip5 with many sins, so they be not will'ully, 
 and impenitentty lived and died in. Hammond. 
 
 What crowds of these, !m;;eiiileiit/v bold. 
 In sounds and jingling syllables grown old. 
 Still run on poets 1 Pope. 
 
 Impe'nnous. adj. [in and penna, Lat.] 
 Wanting wings. Tliis word is con- 
 venient, but, I think, not used. 
 
 It is generally received an earwigg hath no 
 "inp.aiul is reckoned annjiigst impennuusinspcts : 
 but he that shall, with a needle, put aside the short 
 and slieathv cases on their back, may draw forth 
 two wing-, larger than in many- Hies. Brown. 
 
 I MPERATE. adj. [im perahts, Lat.] Done 
 with consciousness ; done by direction 
 of tile mind. 
 
 I'lie elicit internal acts of any habit niav be 
 quick and vigorous, when the external imph-atf 
 acts of the sanie habit utterly cease. ^euth. 
 
 Those natural and involuntary actings are not 
 done by deliberation, yet they are done by the 
 energy iif the soul and i'nstruiiientality of the spi- 
 rits, as well as tiiose imperate acts, wh'erein we see 
 the empire of the soul. Hale. 
 
 Impe'r.ative. adj. [imperafif, Fr. im- 
 periilifiis, Lat.] Commanciing ; ex- 
 pressive of command. 
 
 1 he verb is Ibrmed in a diflferent manner, to 
 sifijity il;e intention of couiiiianding, forbidding, 
 allowing, disallowing, intreatins T which like- 
 wise, fioin the princijjal use ofit, is culled the 
 imperative aiood. Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 
 Impe'ratively. alv. In acommanding 
 style ; authoritatively. 
 
 Imperce'ptible. adj. [imperceptible. 
 
 I M P 
 
 Fr. ifi and piTccptifjif.] Not to be 
 discovered ; not to l*e perceived ; small ; 
 subtle; quick or slow, so as to elude 
 observation. \ 
 
 Some tilings are in llicir nature imperceptihle bv 
 our sense; yea, and llie more relined [mrls of 
 material exi'>tence, wliich, by reason of tlieir suli- 
 tihv, escape our perception. Hale. 
 
 in llie sudden changes of liis subject with al- 
 most impercejitible connections, the Tlieban poet 
 is his master. Driidcn. 
 
 The parts must have their outlines in «aves, 
 resemblinu; llames, or the gilding of a snake upwn 
 the ground ihe^' must be almost impercei'tihic to 
 the touch, and even. Dryden. 
 
 The alterations in the globe are very slight, and 
 almost imperreptihle, and such as tend to the bene- 
 fit of the earth. Wood. 
 
 Imperce'ptibleness. n. s. [from m- 
 perceptibie.] The quality of eluding 
 observation. 
 
 I\Ianv e.Kcellent things there are in nature, 
 which,' by reason ot their subtilty and impctcep- 
 tibleness to us, are not so much as within any of 
 our faculties to apprehend. lialc. 
 
 Imperce'ptibly. adv. [from imperccp- 
 tible.] In a manner not to be per- 
 ceived. 
 
 Upon reading of a fable we are made to believe 
 we advise ourselves : the moral insinuates itself 
 iwpercej-tiblu. we are taught by surprize, and be- 
 come wiser and better unawares. Addison. 
 
 IMPE'RFECT. adj, [imparfaif, Fr. im- 
 perjectus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not complete ; not absolutely finished ; 
 defective. Used either of persons or 
 things. 
 
 Something ho left imperfect in tlie state, 
 Which, since his coming forth, is thoui^lit of, 
 Which brought the kingdom so much fear and 
 
 danger. 
 That his return was most required. Shakes}*. 
 
 Opinion is a light, vain, crude and imperfect 
 thing, settled in tiie imaiiination ; but never arriv- 
 ing at the understanding, there to obtain the tinc- 
 ture of reason. Beii Jmison. 
 
 'I'he midfile action, which prodnceth imperfect 
 bodies, is filly cailed, by some of the ancients, 
 inquinatidn or iuconcoction, which is a kind of 
 putrefaction. Baccnt. 
 
 I'he ancients were impojcct In the doclrine uf 
 meteors, hy their ignorance of gunpowdi-r and 
 fireworks. Broun. 
 
 Divers things we agree to be 1 nowledge, which 
 yet are so uneasy to be satisfattorily understood by 
 OUT imperject intellects, iliat let them be delivered 
 in the ch-arest expressions, thejiotions themselves 
 will yet a|ii>rar obscure. Boi;le. 
 
 A marcor is either imperfect, tending to a srrealer 
 
 withering, which is curiiole ; or perfect, that is, 
 
 an intire wasting of the bitdy, excluding all cure. 
 
 Harveii on Consuniplions. 
 
 The still-born sounds upon tfie palate Imng, 
 And dy'd imperfect on llie f.;lt'riug tongue. Dnjd. 
 
 As obscure and imperfect iiicas often involve our 
 reason, so do dubious wurfis puzzle men. Locke. 
 
 2. Frail ; not completely good : as, our 
 best worship is imperfect. 
 
 Imperfection. 7t,s. [imperfect ion y Fr. 
 i^rom impt7-fect.] Defect; failure; fault, 
 whether pliysical or moral ; whether of 
 persons or things. 
 
 Laws, as all other things human, are many 
 times full of imj^crfection ; and that wlilcli is sup- 
 posed behoveful unto men, proveth oftentimes 
 most pernicious. lii^oler. 
 
 The duke had taken to wife Anne Stanhope, a 
 woman for many impeijtctioiis intolerable ; hut f i r 
 pride monstrous. Jiaijtcard. 
 
 Imperfections would not be half so much taken 
 notice of, if vanity did nut make proclamation of 
 them, UEstran^e. 
 
 I M P 
 
 Tlie world is more apt to censure tlian applaud, 
 and hiiuself fuller of imperjecliom than virtues. 
 
 Adduan's Upectatcr. 
 
 These are rather to be imputed lo the simplicity 
 of the age than to any impeifection in thai divine 
 poet. Additfn. 
 
 Imperfectly, adv. [ham imperject .] 
 Not completely ; not fully ; not with- 
 out failure. 
 
 Should sinking nations summon yuu away, 
 Maria's love ruiyht justify your stay ; 
 Jmnerj'ectly the many vows are pain, 
 Wliicli for your safety to the gods were made. 
 
 iitepney. 
 
 Those would hardly understand language ut 
 reason to any tolerable de^iree ; but only a little 
 and imperfectly about things familiar. Li^ckc. 
 
 I.mpe'kforable. adj'. [in and perjwo, 
 Lat] Not to be bored through. 
 
 Impe'rfokate. adj. [in and perforatvs 
 Lat.] Not pierced through ; without a 
 hole. 
 
 Sometimes children are bom imperforate ; in 
 which case a small puncture, dressed wiiii a leut, 
 effects the cure. Sharp. 
 
 liMPE'RLAL. adj. [imperial, Fr. imp<.- 
 riiilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Royal ; possessing royalty. 
 
 Aim he took 
 At a fair vestal, throned in the \Vest ; 
 But I mii;ht see young Cupid's fiery shaft 
 Qiiench'd in the cliaste beams of the w-at'ry mooo, 
 .And the imperial votress i assed on 
 In maiden meditation, fancy free. Shake.-^. 
 
 2. Betokening royalty ; marking sove- 
 reignty. 
 
 J\Iy due from thee is this imperial crown, 
 Which, as immediate from tlly place and blood.' 
 Derives itself to me. Sliakesp. Henry IV. 
 
 3. Belonging to an emjjeror or monarch ; 
 regal ; rojal ; monarchical. 
 
 The main hod\- of the marching foe 
 Asainst tir imperial palace is dcsign'd. Dnidcn. 
 
 1 on that are a sov'reign prince, allay 
 Imperial pow'r with your paternal sway. Druden. 
 
 To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free. 
 These are imperial aiti, and wurihy thee. Drvden. 
 
 Imperialist, n. s. [from imperial.] 
 One that belongs to an emperour. 
 
 The imperialists imputed the cause of so shame- 
 ful a tlight unto the \'cnetians. Knoltes's Histin-y. 
 LMFE'RIOU.S, adj. [imperieux, Fr. i;«- 
 
 piriosits, Lat.] 
 I. Commanding ; tyrannical ; authorita- 
 tive ; haughty ; arrogant ; asbuming com- 
 mand. 
 
 If it be your prou 1 will 
 To show the power of your irMperimis eyes. Spensfr. 
 
 'i'his imperious man will work us all 
 from priiices into pages. Shakesp. Henry Vfll. 
 
 Not th' imperious show 
 Of the full fortun'd C'ffisar ever shall 
 Be hrooeh'd with me. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 He is an imperious dictator of the principles ot 
 vice, and impatient of all contradiction. More. 
 
 How much I sulfer'd, and how long I strove 
 
 Ai:ainst th' assaults of this imperious Tove ! Dryd. 
 
 ^Recollect what disorder hasly or imperious words 
 
 from parents or teachers have caused in his 
 
 thoughts. I.ockt. 
 
 •2. Powerful; ascendant; overbearing. 
 
 A man, by a vast and impel ions mind, and » 
 heart large as the sand upon the sea shore, could 
 command all the kuowleilge of nature and art. 
 
 7"J(/ot.wii. 
 
 I^!PE'RIOusLY. adv. [from imptrioiis.] 
 V. ith arrogance of command ; w ith in- 
 solence of authority. 
 
 \Vho's there, that knocketh so imperiously fShnk. 
 
 W ho can abide, that, against tlieir own d(.ctur«, 
 six whole books should, by their fatherhoods of 
 Trent, be, under pain »if a curse, iinperiousty ob- 
 tiuded upon God and his church ? Hall. 
 
 947
 
 I M P 
 
 It is not to insult and domineer, to look dis- 
 dainfully, and revile imperioudy, that procures an 
 
 esteem trum any one. 
 
 South. 
 
 'the sage transported ut the approa.-hing hour, 
 Imperiouill^ thr.ce thuiidev'd un the Hour ! Gtirth. 
 Impe'eiousness. ti.s. [i^rom imperious.] 
 
 1. Authority ; air of command. 
 
 So would lie use his imiicrioiisucss, that we had 
 a delightful fear aud awe, which made;us loth to 
 lose our hopes. Sidnty. 
 
 2. Arrogance of command. 
 ImperiousiKss and severity is but an ill way of 
 
 treating men, who have reason of their own to 
 guide them. Locke. 
 
 Impe'rishaele. adj. [imperissable, Fr. 
 
 ill and perish.] Not to be destroyed. 
 
 \Vc find this our empyreal form 
 Incapahie of mortal injury, 
 Impemliablc ; and though pierc'd with wound, 
 Soonckjsin!;, and by native vigour lical'd. Milton. 
 
 IMPERSONAL, adj. [impersoml, IV. 
 impersonulis, Lat.] Not varied ac- 
 cording to the persons. 
 
 Impersonals be declined throughout all moods 
 and tenses, a verb imptrsmal hath no nominative 
 case before it. Acckkncc. 
 
 Impe'rsonally. udc. [from impa- 
 soiial.] According to the manner of 
 an impersonal verb. 
 
 Impersua'sible. adj. [in znd pirsiidsi- 
 bilis, Lat.] Not to be moved by per- 
 siLision. 
 
 Every pious person ought to be a Noah, a 
 preaclier of righteousness ; and if it be his fortune 
 to have as impersuosibte an auditory, if he cannot 
 avert the deluge, it will yet deliver bis own soul, 
 if he cannot benefit other men's. Decoy ■;! Piety. 
 
 Lmpe'rtinence. I 11. s. [impertinence, 
 Impe'rtinency. ) Fr. from imperti- 
 nent.] 
 
 1. That which is of no present weight; 
 
 that which has no relation to the matter 
 
 in hp.nd. 
 
 Some though they lend a single life, yet their 
 thoughts do end with themselves, and account 
 future times impeninancies. Bacon. 
 
 2. Folly ; rambling thought. 
 O, matter and impertittency uiixt, 
 
 Reason and madness ! " .S/in/cesji. King Lear. 
 
 3. Troublesomeness ; intrusion. 
 
 It will be said I handle an art no way suitable to 
 my employments or fortune, and so stand charged 
 with intrusion and impcrtinency. Wollon's Arcliit. 
 
 We should avoid the vexation and impertinence 
 of pedants, who afl'ect to talk in a language not 
 to be understood. Huift. 
 
 4. Trifle ; thing of no value. 
 
 I envy your fehcity, delivered from the gilded 
 impertinencies of life," to enjoy tlic nionienls of a 
 solid contentment. Evelyn. 
 
 Nothing is more easy than to rejiresent as im- 
 potinencies any parts of learning, that have no 
 immediate rela'tiou to the happiness or conveni- 
 ence of mankind. Addison. 
 
 There are many subtle impertinencies learnt in 
 the schools, and many painful trifles, even among 
 the mathematical theorems and problems. TI'oKs. 
 
 Impe'rtinent. adj. [imperlineid, Fr. 
 
 in and pertinens, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Of no relation to the matter in hand ; 
 of no Aveight. 
 
 The law of ancels we cannot judge altogether 
 impertinent unto tlie affairs of the church of (iod. 
 
 tinker. 
 
 The contemplation of things that are imperli- 
 ncnt to us, and do not concern us, are but a more 
 specious idleness. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Importunate ; intrusive ; meddling. 
 
 3. Foolish ; trifling ; negligent of the 
 present purpose. 
 
 I M P 
 
 'Tis not a sign two lovers are together, when 
 they can be so imp^tinent as to cn(iuire wliat the 
 world does. l\>pe. 
 
 Impe'rtinent. n. s. Atrifler; a med- 
 dler ; an intruder ; one who enquires 
 or interposes where he has no right or 
 call. 
 
 Governours would liave enough to do to trouble 
 their heads with the politicks of every meddling 
 ofHcious impertinent. L'Estrange. 
 
 Impe'rtinently. adf. [{rom imperii- 
 7ient.] 
 
 1. Without relation to the present matter. 
 
 2. Troublesomely; ofiiciously; intrusively. 
 I have had ioy uiven me as prejiosterously, and 
 
 as iTnpe)-tinenttij, as they give it to men who marry 
 where tliey do' not love. SucKiing. 
 
 The hiesscdest of mortals, now the highest 
 saint in the celestial hierarchy, began to be so im- 
 pertinently importuned, that great part of the 
 liturgy w'as addressed solely to her. Hooker. 
 
 Wliy will any man be so impertinently officious 
 as to tell me all this is only fancy ? If it is a 
 dream, let me enjoy it. Addison. 
 
 Impertra'nsibility. n.s. [in and per- 
 transeo, Lat.] Liipossibility to be 
 passed through. 
 
 I wilUngly declined those many ingenious rea- 
 sons given by others ; as of the irnpertramibdity of 
 eternity, and impossibility therein to attain to the 
 present limit of antecedent aizes. Hole. 
 
 IMPE'RVIOUS. adj. [imptrvius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Unpassable ; impenetrable. 
 
 Let" the difficulty of passing Imck 
 Stay his return, perhaps, over this gulf 
 Impassable, impervious ; let us try 
 To found a path from hell to that liew world. Milt. 
 
 We may thence discern of how close a texture 
 glass is, since so very thin a film proved so imper- 
 vious to the air, that it was forced to break the 
 . glass to free itself. _ ^ Boyle. 
 
 The cause of reflection is not the impinging of 
 light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies. 
 
 Kev:tons Optich. 
 
 a great many vessels are, in this state, imper- 
 vious by the fluids. Arbuthnot. 
 
 From the damp earth impervious vapours rise. 
 Increase the darkness, and involve the skies. Pope. 
 
 2. Inaccessible. Perhaps improperly used. 
 
 A river's moutli impervious to tlie wind. 
 And clear of rocks. Pope's Odys. 
 
 Impe'rviousness. n. s. [frotn impervi- 
 ous.] The state of not admitting any 
 passage. 
 
 Impetiginous, adj. [from impetigo, 
 Lat.] Scurfy ; covered with small 
 scabs. 
 
 I'mpetrable. adj. [impetralilis, from 
 impetro, Lat. impelrabk, Fr.J Possible 
 to be obtained. Diet. 
 
 To I'mpetrate. v. a. [impetrer, Fr. 
 impetro, Lat.] To obtain by intreaty. 
 
 Diet. 
 
 Impetra'tion. n. s. [impttration, Fr. 
 impctralio, from impetro, Lat.] The 
 act of obtaining by prayer or intreaty. 
 Not much used. 
 
 The blessed sacrament is the mystery of the 
 death of Christ, and the application of his blood, 
 wliich was shed for the remission of sins, and is 
 the great means of impetration, and the meritori- 
 ous cause of it. Taylor. 
 It is the greatest solemnity of prayer, tlie most 
 powerful litursjy, and means of impetration in this 
 world. " _ Taylor. 
 
 Impetuo'sity. n. s. [impetuosilt, Fr. 
 from impetuous.] Molence; fury ; ve- 
 hemence ; force. 
 
 I will set upon Aguecheek a notable report of 
 valour, aud drive the gentleman into a most hide- 
 
 I ]\I P 
 
 ons opinion of his rage, skill, fun', and impc- 
 tuosHu. _ ShtiktS}}. lurljtk Ni'^ht. 
 
 The whole intrigue was contrived hy (lie duke, 
 and SO violently pursued by liis spirit and hn- 
 petuotsity. Clarendon. 
 
 The mind gives not only licence, but incitafion 
 to the other passions to take their freest range, and 
 act witli the utmost imprtnesiti). Dtcay of PUtu. 
 
 LAIPE'TUOUS. adj. [impitumx, ir. from 
 impehis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Violent; forcible; fierce. 
 
 Their virtue, like their Tybei's flood, 
 Rolling its course, design'd tltcir country's good ; 
 But oit the torrent's too impetuous sj'ced 
 From the low earth tore some polluted weed.f'rjijr. 
 
 2. Vehement of mind ; passionate. 
 
 The king, 'tis true, is noble, but hnpetnoiis. 
 
 Impe'tuously. adv. [from ijnpvfiwns ] 
 \ iolently ; vehemently : both of men 
 and things. 
 
 I'hey view the windings of the hoary ?\ ar ; 
 I'hrough rocks and woods imjtetuousl^ he glides, 
 ^\ liile froth and foam the frettifig surface hides. 
 
 Addhon. 
 
 Impe'tuousness. n. s. [from impitu- 
 ous.'\ Violence ; fury ; vehemence of 
 passion, 
 
 1 wish all words of race might vanish in that 
 breath that utters tliein ; tliat as ihey reseiuliie 
 the wind in i\My and imptliioiisnesSy so they mi^lit 
 in transieniness. Dccnti of I'ictu. 
 
 I'MPEJUS. n.s. [Lat.] Vioielit ten- 
 dency to any point; violent effort. 
 
 Why did not tliev continue their descent 'till 
 they were continuous to the sun, whiiiier botW 
 mutual attraction and impetus carried them? 
 
 Bejitlet^'s Sermons. 
 
 Impie'rceable. adj. [in and pierce.] 
 Impenetrable; not to be pierced. 
 
 Exceeding rage inflaurd the furious beast; 
 For never feit his impjerceahle breast 
 So woiid'rous force from hand of living wigiit. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Impi'ety. n. s. [impiete, Fr. impietas, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Irreverence to the Suprerne Being ; 
 contempt of the duties of religion. 
 
 To keep that oath were more impieti^ 
 Than Jephtlia's, when he sacrificed his daughter. 
 
 Siiakesp. 
 
 •2. An act of wickedness ; expression of 
 irreligion. In this sense it has a plural. 
 
 If they die unprovided, no more is the king 
 guilty of" those impieties for which they are now 
 visited. ' Shakfsp. 
 
 Can .Tuno such impieties approve ? Denham. 
 
 We have a melancholy prospect of the state of 
 our religion ; such amazing impieties can be equal- 
 led by nothing but by those cities consumed of 
 old by fire. Hiviji. 
 
 To Impi'gnorate. v. a. [in nnd pignus, 
 
 Lat.] To pawn ; to pledge. 
 Impignora'tion. n. s. [from impigno- 
 
 rate.] The act of pawning or putting 
 
 to pledge. 
 To Impi'nge. v.n. [impingo, Lat.] To 
 
 fall against ; to strike against ; to clash 
 
 with. 
 Things are reserved in the memory by some 
 
 corpore'al exuviae and material images, which, 
 
 having impinged on the common sense, rebound 
 
 thence into some vacant cells of the brain. Gtanv. 
 The cause of reflection is not the impinging of 
 
 light on the solid or imperTious parts of bodies. 
 Kewton's Opticks. 
 
 To Impi'nguate. v. a. [in and pinguis, 
 Lat.] To fatten ; to make fat. 
 
 Frictions also do more fill and impinguate the 
 body than exercise ; for that in frictions the in- 
 warS parts are at rest. Bacon. 
 
 940
 
 I M P 
 
 IMPIOUS, adj, [impius, Lat.] Inell- 
 git)us ; wicked ; profane ; without re- 
 verence of religion. 
 
 Tliat Scripture staiuifth not the cIniTcb of God 
 in anystca*! to direct, but may ho let pass asn-.-ed- 
 Jess to be consulted wiili, wu judge it prufaiic, iin- 
 pioits, and irreligious to tliink. Hvn^<ei\ 
 
 Cease then this impious rage. Milton. 
 
 Then lewd Auchemoius he laid In dust, 
 Wliostain'd his stepdaiue's bed nith impious hist. 
 
 Drijilcn. 
 
 Aud impians nations fear'd eternal night. l)ryd. 
 
 Sliame and reprojich is generally tiie portion (if 
 Oie impious an 1 irrtliffious. South. 
 
 \\ hen vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, 
 The post of honour is a |)rivate station. Addison, 
 
 Since after thee may ri?e an impious line. 
 Coarse niansiers of the human face divine : 
 Paini on, 'til! fate dissolve thy mortal part. 
 And live and die the numarch of ihy art. Tichelt. 
 
 'Ihcy, ijupious, dar'd to prey 
 On iu-rds di^voted to tlie god of day. Pope 
 
 Grund mistakes in religion proceed from takinji 
 literally what was meant liguratively, from which 
 several impious absurdities followed, terminating 
 in infidelity. Forbes. 
 
 rMpiousLY. a(h\ [£com impious,'] Pro- 
 fanely ; wickedly. 
 
 The Roman wit, who impiottsli^ divides 
 His hero and his gods to dilfetent sides, 
 I would condemn. Granville. 
 
 Implacability, n.s. [^rom impiacnbk.] 
 Ixexorableness ; irrecoiicileable enmity ; 
 unappeasible malice. 
 
 IMPLACABLE, adj. [impIacahiUs, Lat. 
 implacabkj Fr.] Not to be pacified ; 
 inexorable; malicious; constant in en- 
 mity. 
 
 His incensement is so implacable, that satisfac- 
 tion can be none but by pangs of death. Shakesp. 
 
 Darah biars a generous mind ; 
 But to implacable revenge inclin'd ; 
 A bounteous master, but a dendlv foe. Drijden. 
 The French are the mr)!;t imjilacable and the most 
 dangerous enemies of the British nation. Addison. 
 
 Impla'cably. adv. [from implncable.] 
 
 1. AVith malice not to be pacified; in- 
 exorably. 
 
 Anorder was made for disarming all the papists; 
 upon which, though nothing was after done, yet 
 it kept up the apprehensions in the people of 
 dangers, and disinclined them from the queen, 
 whom they begun every day more implacably to 
 hate, and consequently to disoblige. Clarendon. 
 
 2. It is once used by Drydcn in a kind of 
 mixed sense of a tyrant's love. 
 
 I love. 
 And 'tis below my greatness to disown it : 
 Love thee implacably, yet hate thee too. Dri/deii. 
 To Impla'nt. V, a. [in and plantOy Lat.] 
 To infix; to insert; to place; to en- 
 graft ; to settle ; to set ; to sow. The 
 original meaning of puttin^j^ a vegetable 
 into the ground to grow is not often 
 uspd. 
 
 Hiiw can you lum unworthy then decree, 
 In whose cliief part your worths implanted be ? 
 
 Sidnerj. 
 
 See, Father! whatfirst-fruits on earth are sprung, 
 From thy implanted grace in man ! Milton. 
 
 Xo need of public sanctions this to bind, 
 Which rvature has imjdanted in the mind. Drijden. 
 
 There grew to the outsiile of the arytenoides 
 another cartilage, capable of motion by the help 
 of some muscles that were implanted in'it. Ruy. 
 
 God having endowed man with faculties of 
 knowing, was no more obliged to implant those 
 innate notions in his mindT than that, having 
 
 fiveri him reason, hands, and materials, he shouhl 
 uild him bridges. Lcc/ce. 
 
 Implakta'tion. ?}. s. {implantation, 
 Fr. from implant.] The act of setting 
 
 I :\i p 
 
 or planting ; the act of enfixing or set- 
 
 tliiii;. 
 Imhla'usible. adj. [in am\ plausible.] 
 Not specious ; not likuly to seduce or 
 persuade. i 
 
 Nothing can better improve political scIjooI- 
 biiys lliaii the art of iiiakini.' plausible or impluu- 
 sih^c liarangues against the very opinion for which 
 they resolve to determine. Stiij't. 
 
 I'mplement. n. s. [implcmentum, from 
 implro, Lat.] I 
 
 1. Something that fills up yacancy, or 
 supplies wants. 
 
 Unto life many imiilemenis are necessary ; more, 
 if we seek such" a life as hath in it joy, comfort, 
 delight, and pleasure. Hooker. 
 
 2. Instrument of manufacture ; tools of 
 a trade ; vessels of a kitchen. 
 
 Wood hath coined seventeen thousand pounds, 
 and hath bis tools and implements to coin sbt times 
 as much. _ Swift. 
 
 It is the |iractice of the eastern regions for the 
 artists in metals to carry about with them the 
 whole implements of trade, to the house where 
 they find employment. Broome. 
 
 Imple'tion. n.s. [impleo, Lat.] The 
 act of filling ; the state of being full. 
 
 Tlieopbrastus conceiveth, upon a plentiful im- 
 pletion, there may succeed a disruption of the 
 matrix. Broun. 
 
 Implex, ffrf/. [imple.riis, Lat] Intricate; 
 entangled ; complicated : opposed to 
 simple. 
 
 F-verv poem is either simple or implex; it is 
 called simple when there is no change of fortune 
 in it; implex, wlien the fortune of the chief actor 
 changes from bad to good, or from good to bad. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 To I'MPLICATE. v. a. [impliquci; 1- r. 
 imj/lico, Lat.] To entangle ; to em- 
 barrass ; to involve ; to infold. 
 
 The ingredients of saltpetre do so mutually im- 
 plicate and hinder each other, that the concrete 
 acts but very languidly. Bonle. 
 
 Implication, n. s. [impticatio, Lat. 
 implication, Fr. from implicatt.] 
 
 1. Involution ; entanglement. 
 
 Three principal causes of firmness are the gross- 
 ness, the quiet contact, and the implication of the 
 component jiarts. Boijte. 
 
 2. Inference not e.xpressed, but tacitly 
 inculcated. 
 
 Though civil causes, according to some men, 
 are of less moment than criminal, ytt the doctors 
 are, by implication of a ditferent oinnion. 
 
 Aulijfe's Parer^on. 
 
 LMPLICIT. adj. [implici'te, Fr. impli- 
 
 citus, Lat] 
 1. Entangled ; infolded ; complicated. 
 This sense is rare. 
 
 In his woolly fleece 
 I cling implicit. Pope. 
 
 The humble shrub, 
 And bush with frizzTd hair implicit. Thomson. 
 
 •2. Inferred ; tacitly comprised ; not ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 In the first establishments of speech there was 
 an implicit compact, founded upon common con- 
 sent, that such and such words should be signs, 
 whereby they would express their thoughts one 
 to another. South. 
 
 Our express requests are not granted, but the 
 implicit desires of our hearts are fulfilled. Smalr. 
 
 3. Resting upon another ; connected with 
 another over which that which is con- 
 nected to it has no power ; trusting 
 without reserve or examination. Thus, 
 by implicit credulity, I may believe a 
 
 I M P 
 
 letter yet not opened, when I ana con- 
 fident of the writer's veracity. 
 
 There be false peaces or unities, w hen the peace 
 is Grounded but upon an implicit ignorance i fr^r all 
 colours will agree in the dark. Bacon. 
 
 No lunger by implicit faith we err, 
 \Vhiist every man s his own interpreter. Denham. 
 Impu'citly. adv. [from implicit.] 
 
 1, By inference comprised, though not 
 expressed. 
 
 'i he divine inspection into the affairs of the 
 world doth necessarily follow from the nature and 
 being of God ; and h"u that denies ibis, doth im- 
 pUcitlii deny his existence : he may acknowledge 
 what lie will with his mouth, but in his heart he 
 balli said there is no God. Bentfeu. 
 
 2. By connection with something ehe ; 
 dependently ; with unreserved confi- 
 dence or obedience. 
 
 J\Iy blushing muse with conscious fear retire? , 
 
 And whom they like, implicitly adm'ues. Rttscom. 
 
 Learn not to dispute the methods of his provi- 
 dence ; but humbly and ijnpUcitty to acquiesce in 
 and adore them. Atterbury. 
 
 We implicitly follow in the track in which tliey 
 lead us, and comfort ourselves with this poor re- 
 flection, that we shall fare as well as those that go 
 before us. Rog€rs. 
 
 To IMPLO'RE. V. a. [implorer,\TT. im- 
 plorot Lat.] 
 
 1 , To call upon in supplication ; to solicit. 
 
 They ship their oars, and crown with wine 
 The hoi\' gi'blet to the pow'rs divine. 
 Imploring all the gods that reign above. Pope's Od. 
 
 2. To ask ; to beg. 
 
 Do not say 'tis superstition, that 
 I kneel, and then implore her blessing. 
 
 Shakesp. JVinter's Ttil-7. 
 
 Implo'ke. n. s. [from the verb.] The 
 act of beggint^ ; intreaty ; solicitation. 
 Not in use. 
 
 Urged sore 
 U'ith piercingwords and pitiful implore. 
 Him iiHsty to arise. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Implorer. n.s. [^rom implore*] Soli- 
 citor. 
 
 ^Icre implarers of tniholy suits, 
 Breathing, like sanctitied and pious. 
 The better to beguile. Sfia^xsp. Ha^nUt. 
 
 Implu'med. adj. [implumis, Lat.] With- 
 out feathers. Diet. 
 To Imply', v. a, [impliquer, Fi\ implico, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To unfold ; to cover ; to intangle. Not 
 in use. 
 
 His courage stout, 
 Striving to loose the knot that fast him ties, 
 Himselfinslraighter bonds toorasbim/i/ies. Fai.Qt 
 
 And Plicebus flsine so most shameful sight. 
 His blushing face in iV»ggy cloud implies, tairy Q. 
 
 2. To involve or comprise as a conse- 
 quence or concomitant. 
 
 That it was in use among the Greeks, the word 
 triclinium implicth. Brown s Vulg- Err. 
 
 What follows next is no objection ; for that im- 
 plies a fault. Drydcn. 
 
 Bows the strength of brawny arms implvt 
 Emblems of valour, and uf victory. Ihyden, 
 
 Where a malicious act is proved, a malicious 
 intention is implied. Sherlock, 
 
 To Impo'ison. v. a. [empoisoner, Fr. It 
 might be Avritten tmpoison.] 
 
 1. To corrupt with poison. 
 
 On doth not know — .— 
 
 How- much an ill w ord doth tmpoison liking. Shak, 
 
 2. To kill with poison. This is rare. See 
 
 Empoison. 
 
 A man by his own alms \mpoison*dy 
 And with his charity slain. Shakesp. 
 
 Impo'larily. adi\ \in B-nd polar .] Not 
 
 949
 
 I M P 
 
 according to the direction of the poles. 
 Little used. 
 
 Being impalarily artjoined unto a more vigorous 
 loadstone, it will, in a short time, exchange its 
 poles. Kroim. 
 
 Impoli'tical. ) arlj. [in and politick.] 
 Impo'htick. J Imprudent; indiscreet; 
 void of art or forecast. 
 
 He that exhor'.eth to beware of an enemy's 
 policy, doth Lot give counsel to he impolitick ; but 
 ratlier to use all prudent foresight and circum- 
 spection, lest our simplicity be overreached by 
 cunning slisjlits. Hmker. 
 
 Impoli'tically.) adv. [in and polili- 
 Impoi.i'tickly. § caL] Without art 
 
 or forecast. 
 ImPO'nderous. nflj. [in and ponderous.] 
 
 Void of percept il)le weight. 
 
 It prurluces visible and real effects by impan- 
 dtroHS and invisible en)issions. Eronn's I ulg. Lit. 
 
 I.MPORo'siTY. M.S. [in and porous.] Ab- 
 sence of interstices ; compactness; close- 
 ness. 
 
 The porosity or imporositt/ betwixt the tangible 
 parts, and thegrealness or smalhiess of the pores. 
 
 Baccn. 
 
 Impo'rous. adj. [in ;ind porous.] Free 
 from pores ; free from vacuities or inter- 
 stices ; close of texture ; completely solid. 
 
 It has its earthly and salincms parts so exactly 
 resolved, that its" body is left imparons, and not 
 discreted by atomical terininatiitns. 
 
 Bmiins Vult^. Fit. 
 
 If atoms should descend phiiub doun with 
 
 equal velocity, being all perfectly solid and tm- 
 
 porous, they "would never the one overtake the 
 
 other. i^c'J '"' '''e Crea. 
 
 To IMPORT, r. a. [importo^ Lat.] 
 
 1. To carry into any country IVom abroad : 
 
 opposed to export. 
 
 For ElisI would sail with utmost speed, 
 T' import twelve mares, which there luxurious feed. 
 
 l'..pe. 
 
 '2. To imply ; to infer. 
 
 Himself not only conipri-hended all our neces- 
 sities, but ii\ such sort also framed every petition 
 as might most naturally serve for many ; and doth, 
 though not always rcriuire, yet always import a 
 mullttude of s, eakers together. Hooker. 
 
 The name of discipline importetli not as they 
 would fain have it construed ; hut the self same 
 thing it signifieth, which the name of doctrine 
 doth. Hookn. 
 
 This cpiestion we now asked, imported, as that 
 we thought this land a land of magicians. Bacou. 
 
 S. To produce in consequence. 
 
 Something he left imperfect in tlie slate. 
 Which since his coming forth is thought of, which 
 Imports the kingdoju so much fear and danger. 
 That his return was most requir'd. Shokesp. 
 
 4. [Importer, importe, Fr Impersonally.] 
 To be of iTioment: as, it imports, it is 
 of v-eigbt or consequence. 
 
 Her length of sickness, with what else more 
 serious 
 Importelh thee to know, this bears. Shahsp. 
 
 Let the heat he such as njay keep the metal 
 perpetually molten ; for that above all iw;mr(t((i 
 to the work. Bacon. 
 
 N'umbet'in armies impor/el'i not much, where 
 the people is of weak couraee. Bocon. 
 
 'this to attain, whether heav'n move, or earth, 
 /7;mor(s not, if thou reckon right. Milton. 
 
 It may -mport us in this calm to hearken more 
 than we have done to the storms that are now 
 raisint: abroad. Totilor. 
 
 If 1 endure it, what imports it you ? Drydcu 
 
 Impo'rt. M.S. [from the verb.] 
 
 I. Importance ; moment ; consequence. 
 
 \^'hat occasion of import 
 Hath all so long detain'd you from your wife ' 
 
 Shakes]!. 
 
 I ^I P 
 
 Some business of import that triumph wears 
 Yon seem to go with. Dryd. and Lee's Oedipus. 
 
 When there is any dispute, the judge ought to 
 apjioint the sum according to the elotiuenee and 
 abdity of the advocate, and in proportion to the 
 import of the cause. Ayliffe. 
 
 2. Tendency. 
 
 Add to the former observations made about ve- 
 getables a third of the same import made in mine- 
 ral substances. Bople. 
 
 3. Any thing imported from abroad ; as, 
 our imports ought not to exceed our ex- 
 ports. 
 
 Impo'rtable. adj. [in and portable.] 
 Un supportable; not to be endured. A 
 word accented by Spenser on the first 
 syllable. It is used in the Apocrypha. 
 
 Both at once him charge on either side, 
 With hideous strokes and importable power, 
 
 That forced him his ground to traverse wide. 
 And wisely watch to ward that deadly stour. 
 
 Fairy Queeji. 
 
 Impo'rtance. n. s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. Thing imported or implied. Rare. 
 
 A notable passion tif wonder appeared in them ; 
 but tlie wisest beholder, that knew no more but 
 seeing, could not say if the importance were joy 
 or jonow. Shaktsp. ]Vinter's Tale. 
 
 •2. Matter; subject. Not in use. 
 
 It had been pity you shovdd have been put to- 
 Eether with so mortal a purpose, as then each bore, 
 upon importance of so slight a nature. Skakesp. 
 
 3. Consequence ; moment. 
 
 We consider 
 'J'h' importance ni Cyprus to the Turks. Shakesp. 
 
 Thy own importance know. 
 Nor bound thy narrow views to thini:s below. Pe/je. 
 
 4. Importunity. An improper use pecu- 
 liar to S/takispeare. 
 
 i\Iaria writ 
 The letter at Sir Toby's great importance ; 
 In reconipence whereof he hath married her. Shak. 
 
 Important, ndj. [important, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Momentous ; weighty ; of great con- 
 sequence. 
 
 Tl.e most important and pressing care of a new 
 and vicorous king was his marriage, for mediate 
 establishment of the rosal line. ]Vottmi. 
 
 this supenidd; treacl.ery to the crime: 'tis the 
 falsifying tie njc.st imporuint trust. Decau of Bitty. 
 
 O then, what interest shall I make 
 To save my last important slake, 
 When the most iusi have cause to quake > Roscnm. 
 
 'I'he great im;wrt(i»l end lliat ti'id desieiis reli- 
 £rion for, the government of mankind, sutliciently 
 shews the necessity of ils being rooted deep in 
 the heart, and put beyond the danger of being 
 torn up hy any ordinary violcn e. _ Smilh. 
 
 Examiiie how the fashionable practice of the 
 world can he reconciled to the imjiorlimt dcctrine 
 of our religion. Rogers. 
 
 Important truths still let your fables hold. 
 And moral mysteries with art unfold. Granville. 
 
 Th'importaiit hour had pass'd unheeded by. Jrfn. 
 
 2. Momentous; forcible; of great efficacy. 
 This seems to be the meaning here. 
 
 He fiercely at hi lu flew, 
 ■*-nd with im;;ortaiit outrage him assail'd ; 
 Who soon prepar'd to field , liis sword fi;rth drew. 
 And him with equal valour countervail'd. Fairy Q. 
 
 3. Imjiortunate. A corrupt use of the 
 •word. See Importance. 
 
 Great France 
 My mourning and important tears hath pitied. 
 
 .Shakesp. 
 
 Importa'tion. n. s. [from import.] 
 Tlie act or practice of importing, or 
 bringing into a country from abroad : 
 opposed to exportation. 
 
 The king's reasonable profit should not be ne- 
 glected upon imfiiirtutioii and exportation. Bacon. 
 
 I M P 
 
 These mines fill the country with greater nnm- 
 bers of peoj)le than it would be able to bear, with- 
 out the importation of corn from foreigii pnrts. 
 
 Jddisprt. 
 The emperor has forbidden the imponutwn of 
 their njaiiufaciures into aii_y ptirt uf the t-nijiiro. 
 
 Addiiiou oji Itaiu. 
 
 Impo'rteR. fi.s. [from hii port.] Oiia 
 that brings in troni abroad. 
 
 It is impossible to iintit llie quantity that shall 
 be broiii;ht in, especi<illy if the itnporters of it 
 have bu aiire a market as Uic E\cbt'qucr. iSuift. 
 
 Impo'rtless. adj. [from huporf,] Of 
 no moment or consequence. 'J his is Sl 
 word not in use, but not inelegant. 
 
 V^ e less expect 
 That matter needless, of importless hunUin^ 
 Divide thv lips. ^huhesp. 
 
 IMPOllfUNATE. adj. [imporluirus, 
 Lat. importune, Fr.] L'nseasonable 
 and incessant in solicitations; not to be 
 repulsed. 
 
 I was in debt to my importunate business ; but 
 he would iu)t hear niy excuse. Shakesp. 
 
 I'hey may not be able to bear the clamour of an 
 importnnaie suitor. Smalridge. 
 
 A rule restrains the most importunate aj>uetiles 
 of our nature. Rogers. 
 
 Impo'rtunately. adv. [from importu- 
 nate.] \\ ith incessant solicitation ; per- 
 tinaciously in petition. 
 
 Their pertinacity is such, that when you drive 
 them out of one form, they assume aiujtlier; and 
 are so ini/)(>jtt(nrtff/y troublesome, as makes many 
 think it impossible to he freed froiii them. Duppa. 
 
 Impo'rtunatf.NESS. n.s. [from impor- 
 tunate.] Incessant solicitation. 
 
 She with more and more importunaitness craved, 
 which, in all good nnuniers, was either of us to 
 be desired, or not granted. Sidney, 
 
 7o IMPORTUNK. v. a. [importuner, 
 Fr. importunus, Lat. Accented an- 
 ciently on the second syllable.] To 
 teize ; to harass with slight vexation ; 
 perpetually recurring ; to molest. 
 
 Against all sense yon do importune her. Shakesp, 
 
 If he espied any lewd gaiety in his fellow- 
 servants, his master should straightways know it, 
 and not rest free from importuning, until the fel- 
 low' bad put away his fault. Caretc, 
 
 The highest saint in the celestial hierarchy be- 
 gan to be so impertinently t??7p(Tt»nerf. that a great 
 part of the liturgy was a'ddressed solely to her. 
 
 Houeis I'ocal Forest. 
 
 The bloom of beauty other years dem.inds, 
 Nor will be gather'd by such wilher'd hands : 
 You itnportinie it with a false desire. Dryden. 
 
 Every one hath experimented this troublesome 
 intrusion of some frisking ideas, which thus im- 
 portune the understanding, and hinder it from be- 
 in-i employed. _ Locke. 
 
 We have been obliged to hire troops from 
 several princes of the empire, whose ministers 
 and residents here have per|ietually impoiiuned 
 the court with unreasonable demands. Su-iji. 
 
 Importu'ne. adj. [importunus, Lat. 
 It was anciently pronouncetl with tlie 
 accent on the second syllable.] 
 
 1. Constantly recurring ; troublesome by 
 frequency. 
 
 All that charge did fervently apply, 
 \\ ilh Krcedy luHlicc and importune toil ; 
 
 And plained there t'.eir huge artillery. 
 With which theydaily made most dreadful battery. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Henry, king of England, needed not to have 
 bestowed such great sums, nor so to have busied 
 himself v^'ith importune and incessant labour, to 
 compass iny death and ruin, if I had been a 
 feigned person. Bacon's Henri/ V 11. 
 
 2. Troublesome ; vexatious. 
 
 9&0
 
 I M P 
 
 And til' armies of their creatures all, and some 
 Do serve to tlieni, and with importune mij;ht 
 War aguinst us the vassals of llieir will. Spenser. 
 
 If tlie upper soul can check what is cunsented 
 to by tl-e will, in com[)liance with the flesh, and ■ 
 can'thi n Impe, that after a few years iT sensuality, ! 
 thai imjiortane reheliious servant shall be eternally- ! 
 castutt, this would be some colour for that novt I 
 persuasion. Hamuumd. 
 
 The same airs, which some entertain with most 
 delightful traiispurts to others arc importune. 
 
 GlaniilU''s Scepsis. 
 
 5. Unseasonable ; coming, asking, or 
 happening at a wrong time. 
 
 No fair to thine 
 Equivalent, or secoi;d ! which com|ieird 
 Me thus, though ijnportntie [yevUnps, to come 
 And uaze and worship thee. Milton. 
 
 Importu'nely. adv. [trom importune.] 
 
 1, Troublesomely ; incessantly. 
 
 The p.Mnier bent his ear unto the noise. 
 To weet who cail'd so importuiiety : 
 Again he heard a more etforced voice. 
 That bade him come in haste. Fairy QuecJi. 
 
 2. Unseasonable ; improperly. 
 
 The constitutions that the apostles made con- 
 cerning deacons and widows, aie, with much im- 
 portunity, but very importiuieti/ ur^ud by tlie 
 disciplinarians. Sawierson. 
 
 iMrouTu'NiTY. «. ^. [imporinniias, Lat. 
 imporlunift', Jr. from importunate. ] 
 Incessant solicitation. 
 
 Overcame with the importunitu of his wife, a 
 woman of a haughty spirit, he aflered his former 
 purpose. hiioUes. 
 
 1 hrice I deluded her, and turn'd to sport 
 Her 170 port 11 nit If. M'.llons Agnnistes. 
 
 To IMPOSE. v,a, [impostr, Fr. imposi- 
 tum, Lat.] 
 
 1. To lay on as a burthen or penalty. 
 
 It shall not be lawful to impose toll upon them. 
 
 Ezra, vii. 
 
 If a son do fall into a lewd action, tlje imputa- 
 tion by your rule, should be imposed upiju his 
 father. Shakesp. 
 
 To tyrants others have their country sold, 
 Imposing foreign lords for foreign gold.DryJ. ^^n. 
 
 On iiupious realms and barb'rous kinL'S itnpose 
 Thy plagues, and curse them with such ills as those. 
 
 Vope. 
 
 2. To enjoin as a duty or law. 
 
 What good or evil is there under the sun, what 
 action corrojiondent or repuanant unto the law 
 which God hath imposed upnnliis creatures ; but 
 in or upon it God doth work, according to the 
 law which himself bath eternally purposed to 
 keep. Hooker. 
 
 There was a thorough way made by the sword 
 for the imposing of the laws upon them. 
 
 Speitser on Ireland. 
 
 Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws, 
 And by that justice hast reniov'd the cause. 
 
 Walter. 
 
 Christianity hath hardly imposed any other law s 
 upon us, but what are enacted in our natures, or 
 are agreeable to the prime and fundamental laws 
 of it. Tillotson. 
 
 Impose hut_your commands, 
 This hour shall bring you twenty thousand liands. 
 
 Drijden. 
 
 It was neither im;iosed on me, nor so much as 
 the subject given me by any man. Vryden. 
 
 3. To fix on ; to impute to. 
 
 This cannot be allowed, except we impute that 
 unto the first cause which we impose not im the 
 second ; or what we deny unto nature, we im- 
 pute unto nativity itself. Brou^. 
 
 4. To obtrude fallaciously. 
 
 Our poet thinks nut lit 
 T' impost upon you what he writes for wit. Drijd. 
 
 6. To impose on. To put a cheat on ; to 
 deceive. 
 
 Physicians and philosophers have suffered 
 themselves to be so far imposed upon as to publish 
 chymical experiments, which tbey never tried 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 I ^I P 
 
 He that lliinks the name centanr stands for 
 sonic real being, imjiotci on himself, and niistaktj 
 words fur lliiiig». Locke, 
 
 8. [Among printers.] To put tlie pages 
 on the stone , and fit on the chases, in 
 order to carrj- the forms to press. 
 
 Impose, n. s. [troni the verb.] Com- 
 mand ; injunction. Not in use. 
 
 According; to your ladyship's impoie 
 I ain thus early come Shakesp. 
 
 Impo'seablk. oflj. [from impose.] To 
 be laid as obligatory on any body. 
 
 Thov were not simply hnposeahU on any parti- 
 cular man, farther than" he was a member of scmie 
 church. Hammond. 
 
 Impo'ser. n. s. [from impose.] One 
 who enjoins as a law ; one who lays any 
 thing on another as a hardship. 
 
 The univer.-ilics sntTerings might he manifested 
 to all nations, and the imposers of these oaths 
 might repent. H allun. 
 
 Impo.si'tion. n.s. [imposition, Fr. im- 
 posilus, Lat] 
 
 1. The act of laying any thing on an- 
 other. 
 
 The sect nd part of confirmation is the prayer 
 of benediction of the bishop, made more solfn.n 
 bv i\\e imprn'tum it( ham's. Hammond. 
 
 2. The act of annexing. 
 
 Tlie first impoiitioH of names was grounded, 
 among all nations, upon future good hope con- 
 ceix-ed of children. Camden, 
 
 The imposition of the name is grounded only 
 upon the predominancy of that element, whose 
 name is ascribed to it. Boyle. 
 
 3. Injunction of any thing as a law or 
 
 duty. 
 
 Their determination is to trouble you with no 
 more suit ; unless you may be won by some other 
 sort than your faiiier's imposition, depending on 
 the casl<cts. Shukesji. 
 
 From imposition of strict laws, to free 
 Acceptance of large grace ; from servile fear 
 To filial ; works of law, to works of faith. 
 
 Milton, 
 
 4. Constraint ; oppression. 
 
 The constraint of r.ceiving and holding opi- 
 nions by authority was rightly called imposition. 
 
 l^icke, 
 
 A greater load has been laid on us than we have 
 been able to bear, and the grossest impositions 
 have been submitted to, in order to forward the 
 dangerous i esigns of a faction. Stiijt, 
 
 Let it not be made, contrary to its own nature, 
 the occasion of strife, a narrow spirit, and \in- 
 resonable impositions ' ii the mind and practice. 
 
 ll'atfs. 
 
 5. Cheat ; fallacy ; imposture. 
 
 (!. A supernumerary exercise enjoined 
 scholars as a punishment. 
 
 T.'hese impositions were supply'd, 
 To light my pipe, or please my pride. 
 
 Prof^ress of Discontent. 
 Impo'ssible. adj. [impossible, Ir. in 
 and possible. Not to be done ; not to 
 be attained ; impracticable. 
 
 It was impossihle tliat the state should continue 
 quiet. ii Mac. 
 
 With men this is impossible; but with God all 
 things are possible. Mat. xix. '2t>. 
 
 'l*were impossUtle for any enterprise to be law- 
 ful, if that wliich should legitimate it is sub- 
 sequent to it. Decay of Pictu. 
 
 Difficult it is, but not impossible. Cliillin^xvort}i. 
 
 It is itnpossibte the mind should he st»»pped any 
 where in its progress in this space, how tar soever 
 it extends its thoughts. Locke. 
 
 We cannot believe it impossible to God to make 
 a creature with more ways to convey into the un- 
 derstanding the notice of corporeal thhigs than 
 five. '^ Locke. 
 
 I my thoughts deceive 
 With hope of things vnpossibk to find. Walsh. 
 
 IMP 
 
 Impossibility, n.s. [impossibilile,Fr. 
 from impossible.] 
 
 1. Impracticability; the state of being 
 not feasible. 
 
 Simple Philnclea, it is the tm/xusiii'ity that doth 
 torment me ; f jr unlawful desires are puni&hed 
 after the etfcct of enjoying, but impossible de- 
 sires in the desire itself. Sidnev. 
 
 Admit all these impuisitfilities and great absur- 
 dities to be Jiossibic and c. nvenieiit. iVhit^iJte. 
 
 Let the mulin'-us winds 
 .Strike the proud cedars 'gainst the fiery sun. 
 Murdering impossihility, to make 
 What cannot be, slrL'lit work. Shnk Cimotfmvt. 
 
 They confound difficulty with impossibility. Sottth. 
 
 Those who assert the imp(Ksibilitijii( sp:ice exist- 
 ing without matter, must ma k<' body intinite./.ocfet*. 
 
 When we see a man <,f like pass*iuns and wp^k- 
 ness with ourselves going before us in the patiis 
 of duty, it confutes all lazy pretences of trtp«ii- 
 bility. _ K'ljcrs. 
 
 2. That which cannot be done. 
 
 Though men do, without otTencr, wish daily 
 that the alfairs, which with evil success are past, 
 might have fallen out much better; yet to pray 
 that they may have been any other than they are, 
 this being a manifest impossibility in itself, the r'llcs 
 of religion do not permit. Hooker. 
 
 Impos>ihitities! on no, there's none, 
 Could I bring thy heart captive home. CoK-tev. 
 
 I'mpo.st. n. s. [impost, impot, I r. im- 
 positum, Lat.] A tax ; a toll ; a cus- 
 tom paid. 
 
 Taxes and imposts upon mercltants do sciiio.*u 
 good to the king s revenue ; for ttiat that he wins 
 in the hundred, he loseih in the shire. Bacon. 
 
 Impo'sts. n. s. [iniposlc, I'r.] In archi- 
 tecture, that part of a pillar, in vaults 
 and arches, on which the weiijht of the 
 whole building lietli. Ains^rorth. 
 
 7o Impos'thl'mate. v.n. [from impvs- 
 thitme.] To form an al)sce.«s ; to gather ; 
 to form a cyst or bag containing matter. 
 
 The bruise imposthumtited, and afterwards turned 
 to a stinking ulcer, nhich made every b()dy shy 
 to come near her. Arbnthnot. 
 
 To I.MPO sTHUMATE.c. 0. To afflict with 
 an inipostliume. 
 
 They would not fly that surgeon, whose lancet 
 threatens none but the imposthnmated parts. 
 
 Decay if Piety. 
 Imposthuma'tion. n.s. [from wipe s- 
 tltumate] The act of forming an ini- 
 posthunie ; the state in which an inipos- 
 tliume is fiirmeii. 
 
 H ■ that m:ikrth the wound bleed inwards, en- 
 dan^erelli malign ulcers ano pernicious imposf- 
 hnmutions. Bacon's Ksstius. 
 
 IMPO STHUME. n. .?. This seems to 
 have been formed by corruption from 
 imposftm, as Sotitli writes it ; and i/«- 
 postem to have been written erroneously 
 for tiposlem, avi^,)/M an abscess.] .\ 
 collection of purulent matter m a bag 
 or cyst. 
 
 Now rotten diseases, ruptures, catarrhs, and 
 bladders full of imposlhumes, make prepo-terous 
 discoveries. Shckesv. 
 
 An error in the judgment is like an iinfiiislfiii lu 
 the head, which is iil»vay s noisome, and frequently 
 mortal. Smith, 
 
 Fumes cannot traustide through the bae of an 
 
 vnpostume. 
 
 Har 
 
 Impo'stok. n. s. [impostiur, Fr. from 
 impose ; impositor, Lat.] One who 
 cheats by a fictitious character. 
 
 Shame and pain, poverty, and sickness, yea 
 death and hell itself, are bui the trophies of those 
 fatal conquests got by that grand impostor, lh« 
 devil, over the deluded sons of men. South. 
 
 961
 
 I M P 
 
 Imfo'sture. 71. s. [imposture, Fr. im- 
 jiostura, Lat] Cheat; fraud; supposi- 
 titioiisness ; cheat committed by giving 
 to pei-sons or things a false character. 
 
 That tl:e soul and angels have nutliing to do 
 wUli grosser locality is geiierall^ opiiiiunetl ; but 
 who is it Ihiit retains not a iireat part of the iin- 
 iwstuir, bv allowing them a definitive j/bi, which 
 is siiU but'imagiiiation ? GUmviUe's Scepsis. 
 
 (Jpen to them so many of the interior secrets 
 iif this mysterious art, without imTJosIiire or invi- 
 dious reserve. Eveti/ii. 
 
 V\c know how successful the late usurper was, 
 wbile his arm^ believed liim real in liis zeal 
 against kingship ; but when they found out the 
 imposture, irpon his aspiring to the same himself, 
 he was presently deserted, ai.d neverable to crown 
 his usurped gre'atness with that title. South. 
 
 Form new legends. 
 And fill the w orld with follies and impostures. Irene. 
 
 Impotence, j ,^_^_ [hnpolentia, Lat.] 
 
 1 MPOTENCY. ) 
 
 1. Want of power; inability; imbecility; 
 
 weakness. 
 
 Some were poor bv impotency of nature ; as 
 voung fatherless children, old decrepit persons, 
 Ideots, and cripples. Sir J. Haiiward. 
 
 Weakness, or the impotence of exercising ani- 
 mal motion, attends fevers. Arbutlniot. 
 
 God is a friend and a father, whose care sup- 
 plies our wants, and defends our impotence, and 
 from whose compassion in Christ we hope for 
 eternal glory hereafter. Rogers. 
 
 J'his IS not a restraint or impotencii, Ijut the 
 royal prerogative of the most absolute king of 
 kiiigs ; that^he wills to do notliing but what he 
 can"; and that he can do nothing which is repug- 
 nant to his divine goodness. _ Bentleii. 
 3. Ungovernableness of passion. A Latin 
 signification; animi impotcntia. 
 
 Will lie, so v,'ise, let loose at once his ire. 
 Belike through impotence, or unaware. 
 To give his enemies their wish, and end 
 The"iii in his anger, whom his anger saves 
 To punish endless ? Milton. 
 
 Yet all combin'd. 
 Your beauty and my impotence of mind. DryJcn. 
 3. Incapacity of propagation. 
 
 Duhiess with obscenity must prove 
 As liaiefiil, sure, as impottnce in love. Pope. 
 
 IMPOTENT, adj. [impotent, Fr. im- 
 potens, Lat] 
 
 1. Weak; feeble; wanting force; want- 
 ing power. 
 
 We that are strong must bear the imbecility of 
 tlie impotent, and not please ourselves. Hoolter. 
 
 Vet wealth is impotent 
 To gain dominion, or to keep it gain'd. Mi7io)i. 
 
 Althougli in dreadful whirls we hung, 
 High on llie broken wave, 
 
 I knew thou wert not slow to hear. 
 Nor impotent to save. jiddison's Spectator. 
 
 2. Disabled by nature or disease. 
 In those porches lay a great multitude of im/M- 
 
 (nitfolk.of blind, halt, and withered. John, v. 3. 
 
 There sal a certain man, impotent in his feet, be- 
 ing a cripple from his mother's womb, who never 
 liali walked. .4c(s, xiv. 
 
 I have Icarn'd that fearful commenting 
 Is leaden servitor to dull delay ; 
 Delayleads impotent and siiail-pac'd beggary. S/iot. 
 
 The impotent poor might be reliev'd, and the 
 
 idle forced to labour. Temple. 
 
 •.i. Without power of restraint. [Atiimi 
 
 impotens.^ 
 
 With jealous eyes at distance she had seen, 
 Whisp'ring with "love, tlie silver-footed queen ; 
 Then, impotent of tongue, her silence broke. 
 Thus turbulent in rattling tone slie spoke. Vryd. 
 4. Without power of propagation. 
 
 He told beau Prim, who is thought impotent, 
 that his mistress would not have him, because he 
 is a sloven, and had committed a rape. Tatlcr. 
 
 I'm POTENTLY, adv. [from impotent.'] 
 Without power. 
 
 I M P 
 
 Proud Cjcsar, 'midst triumphal cars, 
 The spoils of nations, and the pomp of wars. 
 Ignobly vain, and impotently great 
 Shew'd' lloiue her Cato's ligui^ drawn in state.Po. 
 
 To Impound, v. a. [in and pound.] See 
 Pound. 
 
 1. To inclose as in a pound ; to shut in ; 
 to confine. 
 
 The great care was rather how to impound the 
 rebels, tliat none of them might escape, than that 
 any doubt was made to vanquish them. Bacon. 
 
 2. To shut up in a pinfold. 
 Eiicland 
 
 Hath taken and impounded as a stray 
 The king. Slmkesp. Henry V. 
 
 Seeing him wander about, I took liim up for a 
 stray, and impounded him, with intention to re- 
 store him to the right owner. Dryden. 
 
 To Impo'wer. See Empower. 
 Impra'cticable. adj. [impracticahle. 
 If. in and practicable.] 
 
 1. Not to be performed ; unfeasible ; im- 
 possible. 
 
 Had tiiere not been still remaining bodies, the 
 legitimate oifspriilgs of the antediluvian earth, 
 'twould have been an extravagant and impracticable 
 undertaking to have gone about to determine any 
 thing concerning it. Wooduan'i. 
 
 To preach up the necessity of that which our 
 experience tells us is utterly' impracticud/e, were 
 to alVright mankind with the terrible prospect of 
 universal damnation. liogers. 
 
 2. Untractable; unmanageable; stubborn. 
 
 That fierce impracticable nature 
 Is govern'd by a dainiy-iiiiger'd girl. i?i>ii«. 
 
 Impra'ctic'ableness. n. s. [from im- 
 practicrih/c] 
 
 1. Impossibility. 
 I do not kiiovr a greater mark of an able mi- 
 nister than that of rightly adapting the several fa- 
 culties of men, nor is any thing more to be lament- 
 ed than the impracticable ness of doing this. Swift. 
 
 2. Untractableness ; stubbornness. 
 To I'MPRECATE. v. a. [imprecor, Lat.] 
 
 To call for evil upon himself or others. 
 Impreca'tion. n.s. [imprecatio, Lat. 
 imprecation, Fr. from imprecate.] 
 Curse ; prayer by which any evil is 
 wished to another or liiinself. 
 
 My motlier shall the horrid furies raise 
 Witli imprecations. Chapman's Odyssey. 
 
 Sir JohnHotham, uncursed by any imjyrecaliun 
 of mine, paid his own and his eldest son's heads. 
 
 King. 
 Milli imprecations thus he fiU'd the air. 
 And augry Neptune heard tli" unrighteous pray'r. 
 
 I'ope. 
 
 I'mprecatory. adj. [from imprecate.] 
 Containing wishes of evil. 
 
 To Impre'gn. 11. a. [in and pra'gno, 
 Lat.] To fill with young ; to fill with any 
 matter or quality ; to make pregnant. 
 
 In her ears the sound 
 Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregn'd 
 With reason, to her seeming. Milton. 
 
 Th' unlruilful rock itself, impregn'd by thee. 
 Forms lucid stones. Tlummn. 
 
 I.MPRE'GNABLE. adj. Umpregnable, 
 
 Fr.] 
 1. N ot to be stormed ; not to be taken. 
 
 Two giants kept themselves in a castle, seated 
 upon the top of a rock, impregnable, because 
 there was no coming to it but by one narrow path, 
 where one man's force was able to keep down an 
 army. Sidney. 
 
 lit us be back'd with God, and with the seas. 
 Which he hath given for fence impregnable. 
 And with their helps alone defend ourselves. Shak. 
 
 Hast thou not htm, and all 
 Which he calls his, inclosed with a wall 
 Of strength impiTgnafcff ? Sandys. 
 
 IMP 
 
 There the capitol thou see'st, 
 Above the rest lifting his stately head 
 On theTarpeian rocTi, her citadel 
 Impregnable. Milton 
 
 2. Unshaken ; unmoved ; imaffected ; in- 
 vincible. 
 
 1 he man's affection remains wholly uncoiirerned 
 and r;;;prc£7i«/i/e; just like a rock, wliich, being 
 plied continually i)y the waves, still throws them 
 back again, but is not at all moved. South. 
 
 Impre'gnably. adv. [from impregna- 
 ble.] in such a manner as to defy force 
 or hostility. 
 
 A castle strongly seated on a high lock, joineth 
 by an isthmus to the land, and is imprregnably for- 
 tified. Sandys. 
 
 7o Impre'gnate. v. a. [in a.nA prwgno, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To fill with young ; to make prolifirk. 
 
 Hermaphrodites, although the^ include theparts 
 of both se\es, cannot imprefna ethemselves. Brow. 
 
 Christianity is of so prolificK a nature, so apt to 
 impregnate tlK» hearts and lives of its proselytes, 
 tliat it is hard to imagine that any branch should 
 w'ant a due fertility. Decay if Pitty. 
 
 2. [Imprrgner, Fr.] To fill ; to saturate. 
 
 3. In the following examples, impregnate 
 may be perhaps an adjective. 
 
 Impregnate, from their loins they shed 
 A slimy juice. Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 \Mtfi native earth theirblood the monsters mix'd ; 
 The blood, endu'd with animating heat, 
 Did in the ijnpregnate earlli new sons beget. Dry. 
 Impregna'tion. n. s. [from impreg- 
 nate.] 
 
 1. The act of making prolifick ; fecun- 
 dation. 
 
 They ought to refer matters unto counsellors, 
 which'is the first begetting or mprc^nntiwi; but 
 when they are elaborate in the womb of their 
 counsel, and grow ripe to be brought forth, then 
 they take tlie matter back into their own hands 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. That with which any thing is impreg- 
 nated. 
 
 What could imjJant in the body such peculiar 
 impregnations, as should have such power ? Derh. 
 
 3. [Impregnation, Fr.] Saturation. Ains. 
 Impreju'dicate. adj. [in pice and ju- 
 
 dico, l.at.] Unprejudiced ; not pre- 
 possessed ; impartial. 
 
 The solid reason of one man vi'ilh imprejudicate 
 apprehensions, begets as firm a belief as the au- 
 thority or aggregated testimony of many hun- 
 dreds. . Broicn. 
 
 ImprepaRa'tion. n. s. [in and prepa- 
 ration.] Unpreparedness ; want of 
 preparation. 
 
 Impreparution and unreadiness when they find 
 in us, they turn it to the soothing up of them- 
 selves. Hooker. 
 
 To IMPRESS. V. a. [impressum, Lat.] 
 
 1. To print by pressure j to stamp. 
 
 When God from earth form'd Adam in the East, 
 He his own image on the clay imprest. Denham. 
 
 The conquerii"ig chief bis foot imprest 
 On the strong neck of that desttucUve beasl.Dry. 
 
 2. To fix deep. 
 
 We should dwell upon the arguments, and im- 
 press tlie motives of persuasion upon our own 
 hearts, 'till we feel the force of them. ]\ atti. 
 
 3. "fo mark, aS impressed by a stamp. 
 
 So foul and ugly, that exceeding fear 
 Their visages imprest, when they approached near. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 4. To force into service. This is gene- 
 rally now s))oken and written press. 
 
 His age has charms in it, his title more. 
 To pluck the common bosoms on his side. 
 And turn our imprest launces in our eyes. 
 Which do command them. Shakesp. King tear. 
 
 952
 
 I M P 
 
 7*Iacbeth slinll never vanquisli'd be, until 
 Great Birnam-A'ood to Dunsinaue's high hill 
 Shall come against him. 
 —That will never be : 
 Who can im/urss the forest, bid tlie tree 
 Unfix h.searth-bound root ? Shukcsp. Macbeth. 
 
 Orrjond should contribute all he couhi fur the 
 mak-ing those levies of men, and (or impre^hig of 
 sbtps. Ciitrcnaon. 
 
 Impre'ss. n. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1, Mark made by pressure. 
 
 This weak impress of love is as a ficure 
 Trenched in ice, which ^^ith an liour's heat 
 Dissolves to water. Shake.'ip. Two Otnt. of J'erona. 
 
 They liaviii^ t.iken the ioiprcsses of tlie iiisidcs 
 of these slieils with that exquisite niceiicis, as lu 
 express even the finest lineaments of them. 
 
 Wondicnrd. 
 
 2. Effects of one substance on another. 
 
 How objects are represented to myself ] caiinol 
 be ignorant ; but in w hat maimer they arc receiv- 
 ed, and what impresses they make upon the diiter- 
 ing organs of another, he only knows tliat feeK 
 tbem. Gtaiivillci Scepsis. 
 
 S, Mark of distinction ; stamp. 
 
 God, snrveying the works of tlie creation, leaves 
 us this general impress or character upon them, 
 that they were exceeding good. South. 
 
 4. Device; motto. 
 
 To describe emblazon'd slnelds. 
 Impresses quaint, cafiarisons,and steeds. 
 Bases, and tinsels, trappings. Milton. 
 
 5. Act of forcing any into service ; com- 
 pulsion; seizure. Now common\y press, 
 
 Ajas was here the voluntary, and you as under 
 an impress. Shakesp. 
 
 Wiiy such impjTSS of shipwrights, w'hose sore task 
 Does nftt divide the Sunday from the week ? Shak. 
 
 Your ships are not well mann'd ; 
 Your mariners arc muleteers, reapers, people 
 Ingrost by swift imprea. Shakesp. AjU. and Cleop. 
 
 Impre'ssion. n, s. [impressi^j Lat. im- 
 pressioTif Fr.] 
 
 J , The act of pressing one body upon ano- 
 ther. 
 
 Sensation is such an i?npr€ss>OH or motion, made 
 in some part of the body, as produces some per- 
 ceptiun in the understanding. Locke. 
 
 2. Mark made by pressure; stamp. 
 Like to a chaos, or unlick'd bear-whelp. 
 
 That carries no impression like the dam. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Image fixed in the mind. 
 
 Were the offices of religion stript of all the ex- 
 ternal decencies, they wuuld not make a due im- 
 pression on the mind. Atterbiny. 
 
 The false representations of the kingdom's ene- 
 mies had inade some impression m the mind of the 
 successor. Swift. 
 
 4. Efficacious agency; operation ; influence. 
 
 The king had made him high sberifF of Sussex, 
 that he might the better make impression upon tiiat 
 county. Clarendim. 
 
 We lie open to the impressions of flattery, which 
 we admit without scruple, because we tiiink we 
 deserve it. Atterbury. 
 
 Universal gravitation is above all mechanism, 
 and proceeds from a divine energy and impression. 
 
 Bentlcu- 
 
 There'is a real knowledge of material things, 
 when the thing itself, and the real action and im- 
 pression thereof on our senses, is perceived. C/iC]/7ie. 
 
 5. Effect of an attack. 
 
 Such a defeat of near two hundred borse, se- 
 conded with two thousand foot, may surely endure 
 a comparison with any of the bravest i»j;»rt'S5(in.': 
 in ancient times. H otton. 
 
 fi. Edition; number printed at once ; one 
 course of printing. 
 
 To be distracted with many opinions, makes 
 men to be of the last impression, and full of change. 
 
 Biicon. 
 
 for ten impressiotis, which Ills works have had in 
 so many years, at present a hundred books are 
 scarcely purchased uiice a twelvemonth. Drpden. 
 
 Impre'ssible. adj, [in and pressumy Lat.] 
 What may be impressed. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I I\I P 
 
 Tlie differences ofim}rresiWle an(i not impressible, 
 
 figurablc and not figurablcj are plebeian notions. 
 
 Bacon'sXat. Histoiy. 
 
 Impre'ssure. n. s. [from impress] The 
 mark made by pressure ; the dint ; the 
 impression. 
 
 Tx'an but upon a rush, 
 Tlie cicatrice and c:ip:ible imprcfisure 
 Tliy palm some moments keeps. Shakesjj. 
 
 To Impri'nt. v.a. [iniprimcr, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To mark upon any substance by pres- 
 siu-e. 
 
 One of ilie same seal, impnnted upon pieces of 
 wa,\ of dilVerC'.il colouis. Uoldtr's Elem, of Speech . 
 
 liaving surve_^o(l the iniajie of God in the soul 
 of man, \\care not tooniil tliose characters of m.i- 
 jcst3' that God imprhHetl upon tlie body. South. 
 
 Siie amidst hi:* spacious meadow s i\<iws ; 
 Inclines her urn upon his fattcn'd lands, 
 And sees his nuiu'rous herds ini/iriHt her sands. 
 
 }*nor, 
 
 2. To stamp words upon paper by the use 
 of types. 
 
 3. To fix on tlie mind or memory. 
 
 There is a kind of conveying of elVectual and 
 imprinting; passaijes, amongst compliments, which 
 is of singular use. Biicon. 
 
 W e have all those ideas in our understandini;s 
 which we can make the objects of our thougltts, 
 without the help of those sensible qualities which 
 first imprinted tliem. _ _ Locke. 
 
 detention is the power to reTive again in our 
 minds those ideas, which, after imprinting, have 
 disapjieared. Lix'kt. 
 
 By familiar acquaintance he has got the ideas 
 oftliosctwo ditierent things distinctly i/«pW;i(t(/ 
 on his mind. Locke. 
 
 4. To imprint in is less proper. 
 VVhenwc set before our eyes a round globe, the 
 
 idea mprinted in our mind is of a flat circle, vari- 
 ously siiadowcd. Locke. 
 
 To Impri'son. v. a. [emprisonncr, Fr. 
 in and prison. 1 To shut up ; to confine ; 
 to keep from liberty ; to restrain in 
 place. 
 
 He imprison d was in chains remediless ; 
 For that Hippolytus' rent curse he did redress. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Now we are in the street, be first of all, 
 Improvirientlv proud, creeps to the wall ; 
 And so imprisim'd and hemm'd in by me. 
 Sells for a little state his liberty. Dunne. 
 
 Try to imprison the resistless wind ; 
 So swift is guilt, so hard to be conlin'd. Druden. 
 
 If a man imprisms himself in his closet, and em- 
 ploys reason to lind out the nature of the corpo- 
 rcaf world, wifliout experiments, he will frame a 
 scheme of chimeras. irrttfs. 
 
 It is not improbable, that all the virtual heat 
 in the juices of vegetai les, metals, and minerals, 
 may be owing to tlie action of the imprisoned rays. 
 
 Cltcijne. 
 
 Impki'sonment. n.s. [emprisonnemcnt, 
 Fr. from impi-ison.] Confinement ; 
 clausure ; state of being sluit in prison. 
 It may be written emprisonment. 
 
 His sinews waxen weak and raw. 
 Through long im^jrisunment and hard constraint. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Which shall I first bewail. 
 Thy bondage or lust sight? 
 Thou art becomo. () worst imprisonmtnt ! 
 The dungeon of thyself. Milton' s Agmistes. 
 
 From retentive cage 
 When sullen Philomel escapes, her notes 
 She varies, and of past imprisonment 
 Sweetly ccunplains. " milips. 
 
 Count Serini, still close prisoner in this castle, 
 hist his senses by his long imprisonment and afflic- 
 tions. .4ddison. 
 
 It is well if they don't fix the brand of heresy 
 
 on the mini who is leading' them out of their long 
 
 imprisonment, and loosing the fellers of their souls. 
 
 Halts on l/ie3Iiii<'. 
 
 I II P 
 
 Improbabi'lity. n. s. [from improha- 
 h/t.] Unlikelihood ; difficulty to be Re- 
 lieved. 
 
 The difficulty and the impro6aii/J(i/ of attempt- 
 ing this successfully is great. ' Hammond. 
 
 As to the improbabitities of a spirit ap[)eariiig, I 
 boldly answer liim, that a heroick poet is not tied 
 to the bare representation of what is true, or ex- 
 ceeding probable. Dryden. 
 
 iMPRo'BAnLE. adj. [improbable, Fr. im- 
 pruhabilis, Lat. in and probable.] Un- 
 likely ; incredible. 
 
 This account of tiartv-patches will appear im- 
 prohohle to those who live at a distance from the 
 fiishioiiable world. Addison. 
 
 I.M PROBABLY, udv. [from improbable.] 
 
 1 . Without likelihood. 
 
 2. In a manner not to be approved. Ob- 
 solete. 
 
 Aristotle tells us, if a drop of w-ine be put into 
 ten thousand measures of water, the wine being 
 overpowered, will be turned into water: bespeaks 
 very improbably. lioyle. 
 
 To r.MPRORATE. V. a. [in and proho, 
 
 Lat.] Not to approve. Ainsworth. 
 
 I M F R ( ) B a't H) n . n. s, [improbat io, Lat. 
 
 improbation, Fr.] Act of disallowing. 
 
 Ainsu'vrlh. 
 
 Impro'bity. n.s. [improbitas, improhus, 
 
 Lat.] \\ ant of honesty ; dishonesty ; 
 
 baseness. 
 
 He was perhaps exconiraunicable, yea, and cast 
 
 out fomolnrious improbity. Hooker. 
 
 Wc balance the improbity of the one with the 
 
 improbity of the other. L' Estrange. 
 
 To Improli'ficate. v.a. [in andproli- 
 Jick.] To imjiregnate; to fecundate. .\ 
 wortl not used. 
 
 A dithculty in eggs is how the sperm of the cock 
 imjn-olijicates, and makes the oval conception fruit- 
 ful. Brtnrn. 
 
 IMPROTER. adj. [impropre, Fr. im- 
 propriiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not well adapted ; unqualified. 
 
 As every science requires a peculiar genius, so 
 likewise there is a genius peculiarly improper for 
 every one. Burnet. 
 
 2. Unfit ; ilot conducive to the right end. 
 The metliods used in an original disease would 
 
 be very improper in a gouty case. Arbuth.on Diet. 
 
 3. Not just ; not accurate. 
 He disappear'd, was rarify'd ; 
 
 For 'tis improper speech to say he dy'd : 
 
 He was cxlial'd. Dryden. 
 
 Impro'perly. adv. [from improper.] 
 
 1. Not fitly ; incongruously. 
 
 2. Not justly ; not accurately. 
 
 Improjycrlif we measure life by breath : 
 Such do not truly live who merit death. ^ 
 
 Drtjden's Juveiial. 
 
 They assuring me of their assistaiice in correct- 
 ing my fault where I spoke improperly, I was en- 
 couraged. Dryden. 
 
 To Impro'priate. r.a. [inzndpropriits, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To convert to private use ; to seize to 
 
 himself. 
 
 For the pardon of the rest the king thought 
 it not fit it should pass by parliament ; the better, 
 being matter of grace, to impropriate the tlianks 
 to himself. Boon's Henn/ VII. 
 
 2. To put the possessions of tlie church 
 into the hands of Lnicks. 
 
 Mrs. Gulsti'ii being possessed of the impropriate 
 parsonage of Bardwell in Suffolk, did procure 
 from the king leave to annex Uie same to the vi- 
 carage. Spelmim. 
 
 6 F 953
 
 I IM P 
 
 Impropria'tion. n.s, [from i?npropri- 
 
 afe.] 
 
 An impropriation is properly so called when the 
 citurch laiiti is in ihe hands of a layman ; and an 
 appropriation is when it is in the hands of a bi- 
 slhip, college, or religious house, thnucrli sonu^inies 
 these terms are confounded. Ai/lilfe's Parergon. 
 
 Havinii an ijupropriation in his estate, he took a 
 course to dispose of it for the augmentation of the 
 vicarage. Sfelman. 
 
 Imtropri a'tor. w.s. [from impropriate.] 
 
 A layman that has the possession of the 
 
 lands of the church. 
 
 Where the vicar leases his glebe, the tenant 
 must pay the great tythes to the rector or impro- 
 )»'iator. Aij}iffe*s Farergnji. 
 
 Improprie'ty. n. s. \impropriet6, Fr. 
 from impropriuSj Lat.] Unfitness ; un- 
 suitableness; inaccuracy; want of just- 
 ness. 
 
 These might v ones, whose ambition could suffer 
 
 them to be called gods, would never be flattered 
 
 into imniortalit3' ; but tlic proudest liave been 
 
 convinced of the improprietu of that appellation. 
 
 Broum's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Man3' gross imprctprieties, however authorised 
 by practice, ought to be discarded. Swift. 
 
 iMVRo'svKnovs . adj .[insiuc] prosperous.] 
 Unhappy ; unfortunate; not successful. 
 
 This method is in the design probable, how 
 improsperotis soever the wickedness of men hafh 
 rendered the success of it. Hammmid. 
 
 Our pride seduces us at once into the guilt of 
 bold, and punishment of imp*o5peroi/s rebels. 
 
 Decay ojFiety. 
 
 Seven revollinc years are wholly run, 
 Since the improsperons voyage we begun. Dryden. 
 
 Improsperously. adv. [fi'om improspe- 
 rons.] Unhappily ; unsuccessfully; 
 with ill fortune. 
 
 This experiment has been but very improspe- 
 rows/v attempted. Boijle. 
 
 Impro'vaele. adj. [from improve.] Ca- 
 pable of being advanced from a good to 
 abetter state; capalile of melioration. 
 
 Adventures in know lr(lj:;e are lauHal>le. ;uid the 
 es*.ays of weaker heads atlord improvabit hints un- 
 to better. Brown, 
 
 We have stock enough, and that too of so im- 
 provable a nature, that is, capable of infinite ad- 
 vancement Decay of Piety. 
 
 Man is accommodated with moral principles, 
 improvable by the exercise of his facuili<s 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Animals are not imprhvable beyond their pro- 
 per genius : a dog will never learu to mew, nor a 
 cat to batk. Grew. 
 
 I have a fine spreadoffmproy(i6/f lands, and am 
 already planting woods and draining marshes. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Impro'vableness. ?i.s. [£i'om improva- 
 ble.] Capableness of being made bet- 
 ter, 
 
 Jmpro'vably. adv. [from improvable.] 
 In a manner that admits of melioration. 
 
 To Impro've. v. a. [in and probus. Qua- 
 si probum facere. Skin?itr.] 
 
 1. To advance any thing nearer to perfec- 
 tion ; to raise from good to better. We 
 amend a bad^ but improve agood\h\\\^. 
 
 I love not to improve the honourof the Hvinir by 
 impairiiig that of the dead. Denham. 
 
 Heaven seetns improved with a superiour ray. 
 And the bright arch reflects a double day. Pope. 
 g. [fn and prove; improuver, Fr. impro- 
 boy Lat.] To disprove. Now disused. 
 
 Though the prophet Jeremy v.'as unjustly ac- 
 cused, yet doth that improve any thing that 1 have 
 said. Whitgtfte 
 
 To Impro've. v. n. To advance in good- 
 ness. 
 
 I M P 
 
 AVe take care to improve in our frugality and di 
 ligence ; virtues which become us, particularly 
 in times of war. Atterbury. 
 
 Improvement, n.s, [from improve.] 
 
 1. Melioration ; advancement of any thing 
 from good to better. 
 
 Snnic virtues tend to the preservation of health, 
 and others to the improvement and security of es- 
 tates. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Act of improving ; something added or 
 changed for the better ; sometimes with 
 on. 
 
 The parts of Sinoii, Camilla, and some few 
 others, are improvements on the Greek poet. 
 
 Addison. 
 S. Progress from good to better. 
 
 There is a design of publishing the history of 
 arcliiteclure, with its several improvemetits aiid de- 
 cays. Addison. 
 4*. Instruction ; edification. 
 
 I look upon your city as the best place of im- 
 provement : from the school we go to the univer- 
 sity, hut t'rum the universities to London. South. 
 5. Effect of melioration. 
 
 Love is the greatest of human aflfections, and 
 friendship the noblest and most refined improve- 
 ment of love. South, 
 
 Improver, n.s, [from improve.] 
 
 1 . One that makes himself or any thing 
 else better. 
 
 They were the greatest improvers of those qua- 
 lifications with which courts used to be adorned. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 The first started ideas have been examined , and 
 
 many effectually confuted by the late improvers of 
 
 this way. Locke. 
 
 Homer is like a skilful irnprover, wlio places a 
 
 beautiful statue so as to answer several vistas. 
 
 Pope 
 
 2. Any thing that meliorates. 
 
 Chalk is a very great improver of most lands. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 Improvi'ded. adj. [improvisus, Lat. im- 
 previiy Fr.] Unforeseen ; unexpected ; 
 unprovided against. 
 She suborned hath 
 This crafty messenger with letters vain. 
 
 To worfc new woe, and improvided scath, 
 By breaking off the band betwixt us twain. .S/jewi. 
 Impro'vidence. ?^. s. [from improvi- 
 dent.] Want of forethought ; want of 
 caution. 
 
 Men would escape floods by running up to 
 
 mountains ; and though some might perish through 
 
 improvidence, many would escape. Hale. 
 
 riie improvidence of my neighbour must not 
 
 make me inhuman. VEstrange. 
 
 IMPUO'VIDENT. adj. [improvidusMt-] 
 Wanting forecast ; wanting care to pro- 
 vide. 
 
 bnproiident soldiers, had your watch I cen good. 
 This sudden mischief never could have faH'n.S/m/:. 
 
 When men well havefed, the blood being warm, 
 Then are they most improvident of harm. Daniel. 
 
 I shall conclude this digression, and return tu 
 Ihe time wlien that brisk and improvident resolu- 
 tion was taken. Clarendon 
 
 This were an improvident rtvenge in the young 
 ones, whereby they must destroy themsehves. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Impro'vidently. adv. [from improvi- 
 difit.] Without forethought; without 
 care. 
 
 Now we are in the street, he first of all, 
 Improvidentlii proud, creeps to the wall ; 
 And so imprison'd, and hemni'd in by me. 
 Sells for a little state his liberty. Donne. 
 
 Impro'vision. Ti.s. [in aud provision,] 
 Want of forethought. 
 
 Her MsyraWsion would be justly accusable. 
 
 BroR'n. 
 
 [impudent, Fr. impti- 
 
 I M P 
 
 Impru'dence. n.s. [imprudence, Tr.im- 
 priidenfia, Lat.] Want of prudence; 
 indiscretion ; negligence ; inattention to 
 interest. 
 
 IMPRUDENT, adj. [impnidenf, Fr. i?n. 
 prudens, Lat.] Wanting prudence ; in- 
 judicious ; indiscreet ; negligent. 
 
 There is no such imprudent person as he that 
 neglects God and his soul. Tillotson^ 
 
 Impudence. 1 n.s. [impudence, Yr.im- 
 I'mpudency. / pudetitia, Lat.] Shame- 
 lessness ; immodesty. 
 
 I ne'er lieard yet 
 That any of these bolder vices wanted 
 Less impudence to gainsay what they did. 
 Than to perform it first. Shakesp. Wint. Tale. 
 
 Nor did Noah's infirmity justify Cham's impu- 
 dency, or exempt him from that curse of being ser- 
 vant of servants. King Charles. 
 Those clear truths, that either their own evi- 
 dence forces us to admit, or coraraou experience 
 makes it impudence to deny. Locke 
 
 IMPUDENT, adj. [imp 
 dens J Lat.] 
 
 1, Shameless; wanting modesty. 
 
 It is not a confident brow, nor the throng of 
 words that come with such more than impiideni 
 sawciness from you, can thrust nie from a level 
 consideration. Shahem. Henry IV. 
 
 When we behold an angel, not to fear. 
 Is to be impudent. Dryden's Spanish Fryar. 
 
 2. Unchaste ; immodest. 
 I'mpudently. adv. [from impudent.] 
 
 Shamelessly ; without modesty. 
 
 At once assail 
 With open mouths, and impudently rail. Sandys. 
 
 Why should soft Fabius impudentlu bear 
 Names gain'd by Cimquest in the Gallic war? 
 Why lays he claim to Hercules his strain, 
 Yet dares be base, effeminate, and vain ^ Dryden. 
 
 To IMPU'GN. V. a. [impvgner, Fr. im- 
 pugnoy hat.] To attack; to assault by 
 law or argument. 
 
 Of a strange nature is the suit yon follow ; 
 Yet in such rule, that the Venetian law 
 Cannot impugn you. Shakesp. Merch. cf'Ven. 
 
 I cannot ihink myself engaged to discourse 'if 
 lots ■, as to their nature, use, and allowableness ; 
 and that not only in matters of moment and bu- 
 siness, but als'» of recreation, which is impugned 
 by some, though better detendcd by others. Soufh. 
 
 St. Hierom reporteth, that he saw one of these 
 in his time ; but the trulh hereof I will not rashly 
 impugn, or over boldly atfirm. Peacham on Draw. 
 
 Impu'gner. n. s. [from impugn.] One 
 
 that attacks or invades, 
 Impui'ss ANCE. n. s. [Fr.] Impotence ; 
 
 inability ; weakness ; feebleness. 
 
 As lie would not trust Ferdinando and Maxi- 
 milian for supports of war, so the impuissance of 
 the one, and the double proceeding of the other, 
 lay fair for hhn for occasions to accept of peace. 
 
 Bacoiu 
 IMPULSE, n. s. [impulsuSy Lat.] 
 
 1, Communicated force ; the effect of one 
 body acting upon another. 
 
 If these little impulses set the great wheels of de- 
 votion on work, tlie largeness and height of that 
 shall not at all be prejudiced by the smalhiess of 
 its occasion. SoiuA. 
 
 Bodies produce ideas in us manifestly by ir»- 
 pulse. Locke. 
 
 Bodies, from the impulse of a fluid, can only 
 gravitate in proportion to their surfaces, and not 
 according to their quantity of niatttr, whicli is 
 contrary to experience. Cheyne. 
 
 2. Influence acting upon the mind ; mo- 
 tive ; idea impressed. 
 
 Mean time, by Jove's impu/se, Mezentiusarm'd, 
 Succeeded Turuus. Xhyden. 
 
 954
 
 I M P 
 
 These were my natural impulses for the under- 
 taking ; but there was an accidental motive, which 
 was full as forcible. ^ Drydcn. 
 
 Moses Siiw the bush burn without being con- 
 sumed, and heard a voice oui of it : this w&s some- 
 thing, besides finding an impidse upon his mind to 
 go to Pharaoh, that he might bring his brethren 
 out of EgypL Locke. 
 
 3. Hostile impression- 
 Like two great rocks against the raging tide, 
 Unmov'd the two united chiefs abide, 
 Sustaiu'd th' jm;jutse, and receive the war. Prior. 
 
 Impu'lsion. n. s. [impuhion, Fr. impul- 
 
 siiSy Lat.] 
 3. The agency of body in motion upon 
 
 body. 
 
 The motion in the minute parts of any solid 
 body passeth without sound ; for that sound that 
 18 heard sometimesis produced only by the break- 
 ing of the air, and not by the impubion of the air. 
 
 Bacoji. 
 
 To the impuhion there is requisite the force of 
 the body that raoveth, and the resistance of the 
 body that is moved ; and if the budy be too great, 
 it yieldetli too little j and if it be too small, it re- 
 sisteth too little. Bacon's Nat. History. 
 
 2. Influence operating upon the mind. 
 
 But thou didst plead 
 Divine impulsion, prompting how thou might'st 
 Find some occasion to infest our {ocs.MiltoiisAg. 
 
 Impu'lsive. adj. [impulsif, Fr, from im- 
 pulse.] HavincT the power of impulse; 
 moving ; impellent. 
 
 Nature and duty bind hira to obedience-, 
 But those being placed in a lower sphere, 
 His fierce ambition, like the highest mover. 
 Has hurried with a strong imptilsive motion 
 Against their proper course. Denham's Sophy. 
 
 What is the fountain or impulsive cause of this 
 prevention of sin ? It is perfectly free grace. Sautft. 
 
 Poor men ! poor papers ! we and they 
 Do some impulsive force obey. 
 And are but pla3''d with, do not play. Prior. 
 
 Impu'nity. n. s. [impnnite, Fr. impnni- 
 taSy Lat.] Freedom from punishment; 
 exemption from punishment. 
 
 In the condition of subjects they will gladly 
 continue, as long as they may be protected and 
 justly governed, without oppression on the one 
 side, or impnnitii on the other. Davies. 
 
 A general impunitij would confirm them ; for 
 the vulgar will never helit ve, that there is a crime 
 where they see no penalty. Addison. 
 
 Men, potent in the c .mmonwealth, will em- 
 ploy their ill-golten influence towards procuring 
 tmpunitu, or extorting undue favours for them- 
 selves or de[;eiidants. Atterburij. 
 
 IMPURE, adj. [impiu'j Fr. impurus, Lat] 
 
 1. Defiled with guilt ; unholy : of men. 
 No more can impure man retain and move 
 
 In that pure regiun of a worthy Ijve, 
 
 Than earthly substance can uuforc'd aspire. 
 
 And leave his ualure to converse with ^it. Donne. 
 
 2. Contrary to sanctity ; unhallowed; un- 
 holy : of things. 
 
 Hypocrites austerely talk, 
 Condemning as impure what God has made 
 Pure, and commands to some, leaves free to all. 
 
 MUton. 
 S. Unchaste. 
 
 If black scandal, or foul-fac'd reproach. 
 Attend tfic sequel of your imposition. 
 Your racer enforcement shall acquittance me 
 From all the impure blots and stains thereof. Shak. 
 One could not devise a more proper hell for an 
 impure spirit, than that which Flato has touched 
 upon. Addison. 
 
 4. Feculent; foul with extraneous mix- 
 tures ; drossy. 
 
 Impu'rely. adi\ [from impure,] With 
 impurity. 
 
 I M P 
 
 Impu'reness. ) n. s. [impttretc, Fr. im- 
 Impu'rity. j puritas, Lat. from im~ 
 
 purt.] 
 \. Want of sanctity ; want of holiness. 
 
 2, Act of unchastity. 
 
 Foul impurisies reigned among the monkish 
 clergy. Atterbury. 
 
 3. Feculent admixture. 
 
 Cleanse the alimentary duct by Tomiting, and 
 clysters, the impuTities of which will be carried 
 into the blood. Arbnthnot. 
 
 To Impu'rple. v.a. [empourprer, Fr.from 
 purple J] To make red; to colour as 
 with piu'ple. 
 Now in loose garlaads, thick thrown off the 
 bright 
 Pavement, that like a sea of jasper shone, 
 Impurpled with celestial roses smil'd. MUton. 
 
 Impu'table. adj. [from impute.'] 
 
 1 . Chargeable upon any one ; that of 
 which one may be accused. 
 
 That first sort of foolishness is imputable to them. 
 
 Simth. 
 
 2, Accusable ; chargeable with a fault. 
 Not proper. 
 
 If the wife departs from her husband, through 
 
 any default of his, as on the account of cruelty, 
 then he shall be compelled to allow her alimony ; 
 for the law deems her to be a dutiful wife as long 
 as the fault lies at his door, and she is no wise im- 
 putable. Aylijje. 
 
 Impu'tacleness. n.s. [from imputable.] 
 The quality of being imputable. 
 
 'Tis necessary to the imputableness of an action, 
 that it be avoidable. Norris. 
 
 Imputa'tion. n.s, [imputation^ Fr. fro.n 
 impute.] 
 
 1. Attribution of any thing : generally of 
 ill. 
 
 Trust to me, Ulysses ; 
 Our i?npt(fa(ion shall be oddly pois'd 
 In this wild action. Shakesp Troitusand Cress. 
 
 If a son that is sent by his father about mer- 
 chandise do Mi into some lewd action, the imjm- 
 tation of his wickedness, by your rule, slumld be 
 imposed upon his father. Shakesp. 
 
 To use intellections and volitions in the infinite 
 essence, as hypotheses, is allowable, but a rigormis 
 imputation is derogatory to him, and arrosant in 
 us. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 I have formerly said that 1 could distinguish 
 your writings from those of any others : 'tis now 
 time to clear myself from any imputation of self- 
 conceit on that subject. Dryden 
 
 2. Sometimes of good. 
 
 If I had a suit lo master Shall iw, I would hu- 
 mour liis men with the imputation of beina near 
 their master. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Censure ; reproach. 
 
 Whatsoever happens they also the least feel 
 that scouriie of vulgar imputation, which notwith- 
 standing tnev deserve. Hooker, 
 
 Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these 
 groundless imputations of our enemies, and to ris^- 
 above them. Addison. 
 
 Neither do I reflect upon the memory of his late 
 majesty, whuiu I entirely acquit of any i?H;)H(uf ion 
 upon this matter. A'ui/ir. 
 
 4. Hint ; slight notice. 
 Anthonio is a good man. 
 
 ^Have vou heard any imputation to the contrary ? 
 — No, no ; mv meaning is to have you understand 
 me that he is'suthcicnt. Shakesp. ^lerch. of Venice. 
 
 Impu'tative. adj. [i^rom impute.] That 
 which may impute. Ainsivorfh. 
 
 T^MMPUTE. v.a. [imputer,¥i: imputo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 I. To charge upon; to attribute: gene- 
 rally ill J sometimes good. 
 
 I N 
 
 It was imputed to him for righteousness. 
 
 Romaju, iv. M. 
 
 Men in their innovations should follow the ex- 
 amjtle of time, which innovateth but quietly,' and 
 by degrees scarce to be perceived ; for otiierwisc 
 whatSfMrver is new and unlocked for, even m«nds 
 some, aiid itupairs others ; and he that is liolpea 
 takes it for a forlun", and thanks the time ; and 
 lie that is hurt for a wrong, tmputeth it lo the au- 
 thor. Bacon'i Kssays. 
 
 I made it by your persuasion, to saiisfv those 
 who imputed it to folly. TempU. 
 
 Impute your dangers to our Ignorance. Dryden. 
 
 This obscurity cannot be imputed to want of 
 language in so great a master of stile. Lockt. 
 
 1 have read a book imputed to Lord Bathurst, 
 called a dissertation on parties. S\ci^. 
 
 2. To reckon to one what does not pro- 
 perly belong to him. 
 
 Ihy merit 
 Imputed shall absolve them who renounce 
 Their own both righteous and ourigbteoas ceeds, 
 
 Mi/ton. 
 
 Impu'ter. n. s. [from impute.] He that 
 
 imputes. 
 In. prep, [in, Lat.] 
 
 1. Noting the place where any thing is 
 present ; not without. 
 
 In school of love are all things taught we see ; ' 
 There learn'd this maid of arms the freful guise. 
 
 Fairfas* 
 
 Is this place here not sufficient strong 
 To guard us in ? Daniel's Civil War. 
 
 2. Noting the state or thing present at any 
 time. 
 
 'i'he other is or.Iy by error and misconceit named 
 theordiiiance of Jesus Christ : no one proof is yet 
 brought forth, whereby it may clearly appear to 
 be so iri very deed. Hooker. 
 
 Like one of two contending in a prize, 
 Ihat thinks he hath dune well in people's eves. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Sir Edmund Courtney,and the haughty prelate, 
 W ith many more confederates, are in arms. Shak. 
 
 Danger Wfore, a .d in, and after the act. 
 You needs must grant is great. Dani^rsCicii War. 
 
 However it be in knowledge, I may truly say 
 it is of no use at all in probabilities ; for the assent 
 there, being to be determined by the preponde- 
 rancy, after a due weighing of all the proofs on 
 both' sides, nothing is so unfit to assist the mind 
 in that as syllogism. Locke. 
 
 God hath made our eternal and temporal in- 
 terests, in most cases, very consistent. 
 
 Smalridge*s Serm, 
 
 None was so little in their friend:>Uips, or so 
 much in that of those whom they had most abused. 
 
 Dunciad. 
 
 3. Noting the time. 
 
 W hen we would consider eternity a parte ante, 
 what do we but, beginning from ourselves and the 
 present time we are in, repeat in our minds the 
 ideas of \ ears or ages past ? Locke. 
 
 4. Noting power. 
 
 To feed me:.*s souls, quoth he, is not in man. 
 
 Hubb. Tale. 
 
 5. Noting proportion. 
 
 Let usury in general fte reduced to five in the 
 hundred, and let that rate be proclaimed to be 
 free and current. Bacon. 
 
 I cannot but lament the common course, which, 
 at least, iiiue in ten of those who enter into the 
 ministry are obliged lo enter. Stctft. 
 
 6. According to. 
 
 In all likelihood I broueht all my limbs out of 
 tlie bed, which, 'tis proba&le, he has not done off 
 the breach. Collier. 
 
 7. Concerning. 
 
 I only consider w hat he, who is allowed to have 
 carriedthis argument farthest, has said in it. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 8, For the sake, A solemn phrase. 
 
 056
 
 I N A 
 
 Now, in the names of ail the gods at once, 
 Upon what meat does this ()urC;csar feed. 
 That he is grown so great ? Shak. Julius Cmsar. 
 
 In the name "f tlie people, 
 And hi the power of us the tribunes, we 
 Banish him our city. Shakesp. CoriolLmus. 
 
 Now, in tlie name of lioiiour, sir, 1 beg you 
 That. I may see your father's death revengd. Drj/. 
 i). Noting cause. 
 
 Kinji Henry, be thy title right or wrong," 
 Lord ClitForci vows to fight in thy defence. Shak. 
 
 10. In that. Because. 
 
 Some tilings they do in that fhey are men ; in 
 that tiiey artTwise men, and christian men, some 
 things ; some things in that they aie men misled, 
 and blinded with error. Hooker. 
 
 He cannot brook such disgrace well, as he .shall 
 run into; in that it is a thing of his own search. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 11. In as muck. Since; seeing that. 
 
 Those things are done voluntarily by us, wiiich 
 other creatures do naturally, in as much as we 
 might stay our doing of them if we would.//o(j/ce/". 
 
 In. adv. 
 
 1, Within some place; not out. 
 
 How infamous is the false, fraudulent, nnd un- 
 conscionable person : especially if he be arrived 
 at that consummate and robust clegree of falsehood 
 as to play in and out, and show tricks with oaths, 
 the sacredest bonds which the conscience of man 
 can be bound with. South. 
 
 I fear me, you'll be in 'till then. Shakesp. 
 
 2. Engaged to any affair. 
 
 We know the worst can come; 'tis thought upon: 
 We cannot shift being in, we must go on. Dunid. 
 
 These pragmatical flies value themselves for be- 
 ing in at every ihing, and are found at last to be 
 just good for nothing. VEstrange. 
 
 5. Placed in some state. 
 
 Poor rogues talk of court news, 
 Wlio loses and who wins ; who's in, who's out. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I\Iust never patriot then declaim at gin, 
 Unless, good man, he has been fairly in? Pope. 
 
 4. Noting immediate entrance. 
 
 Go to thy fellows; bid them cover the_ table, 
 serve in the meat, and we will come in to. dinner. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 He's too h\s, to go in there : what shall 1 do ? 
 —Let me see't ; I'll i«, I'll i/i : follow your friend's 
 
 advice. 
 I'll m. ■ Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 5. Into any place. 
 
 Next fill the hole with its own earth again, 
 And trample with thv feet, and tread it in. Dryd. 
 
 Is it not more eligil)le to come in wiih a smooth 
 gale, than to be tossed at sea with a storm ' 
 
 Collier. 
 
 In the said cavity lies loose the shell of some 
 sort of bivalve larger than could be introduced in 
 at those holes. Woodward. 
 
 0. Close; home. 
 
 The posture of left-handed fencers is so differ- 
 ent from ihat of the right-handed, that you run 
 upon their swords if you push forward ; and they 
 are m with you, if you offer to fall back without 
 keeping your guard. Tatlcr. 
 
 7. hi has commonly in composition a ne- 
 gative or privative sense, as in the La- 
 tin: so, active denotes that which acts, 
 inactive that which does not act. In 
 before r is changed into r ; as irregi^- 
 lav : before / into / ; as illative : and 
 into m before some other consonants ; 
 as, improbable. 
 
 Inabi'lity. 71. s. [in and abilitj/.] Im- 
 puissance ; impotence; want of power. 
 
 If no natural nor casual inabililij cross their de- 
 sires, they always delighting to inure themselves 
 with actions most beneficial to others, cannot but 
 gather great experience, and through experience 
 the more wisdom. Hooker. 
 
 I N A 
 
 >.'eit!ier ignorance nor inability can be pretend- 
 ed : and what plea can we offer to divine justice 
 to prevent condi'innatiou ? nogers. 
 
 Ina'ustinence. 71. s. [in and abali- 
 7ie?ice.] Intemperance; want of power 
 to abstain ; prevalence of appetite. 
 
 Diseases dire ; of which a monstrous crew 
 Before thee sliall appear, that th )u may's know 
 What misery the iiuihstinence o( ii-ve 
 Shall bring on man. Milton. 
 
 Inacch's.siblk. adj. [iuaccessible, Fr. in 
 and accessible] Not to be reached ; 
 not to be approached. 
 
 Whate'er yon '»re, 
 Tliat in this desart inaccessible. 
 Under the shade of mclaiicholy boughs. 
 Lose and neglectthe creeping hours ofVime-Shuk. 
 
 Many otiier hidtlen jiarts of nature, even of a 
 far lower form, are inaccessible to us. Hale. 
 
 There shall we see the ends and uses of these 
 things, winch here were either too subtile fur us 
 to penetrate^ or too remote and imiccessible for us 
 to come to any distant view of. ^"V- 
 
 This jiart, which is so noble, is not altogether 
 inaccessible ; and ihat an eas\' way may be found 
 to it, 'lis to consider nature and to copy her. Dry. 
 
 Ina'ccuracy. w. 5. [from inaccurate.] 
 Want of exactness. 
 
 Ina'ccurate. adj. [in and acciii-atc] 
 Not exact ; not accurate. It is used 
 sotnetimes of persons, but more fre- 
 quently of performances. 
 
 Ina'ction. n. s. [inaction, Fr. in and ac- 
 tion.] Cessation from labour; forbear- 
 ance of labour. 
 
 The times and amusements past are not more 
 like a dream to me, than those which are present : 
 I lie in a refreshing kind of inaction. Pope. 
 
 Ina'ctxve. adj. [in and active.] Not 
 busy; not diligent; idle; indolent; 
 sluggish. 
 
 Ina'ctively. adv. [h-om inactive,] Idly; 
 without labour ; without motion ; slug- 
 gishly. 
 
 ill seasons of perfect freedom, mark how your 
 son spends his time ; whether he inactively loiters 
 it away, when left to his own inclination. Locke. 
 
 Inacti'vity. 71.S, [i7iand activiti/.] Idle- 
 ness; rest; sluggislmess. 
 
 A doctrine which manifestly tends to discourage 
 the endeavours of men, to introduce a lazy iimcii- 
 vity, and neglect of the ordinary means of grace. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Virtue, conceal'd within our breast, 
 Is inactivitii at best. Swift. 
 
 Ina'dequate. adj. [in and adequatus, 
 Lat.] Not equal to the purpose ; defec- 
 tive; fiilling below the due proportion. 
 
 Remorse for vice 
 Not paid, or paid inadequate in price. 
 What farther means can reason now direct ?Dnjd. 
 Inadequate ideas are such, which are but a })ar- 
 tial or incomplete representation of these arclie- 
 tyfies to which they are referred. Locke. 
 
 Ina'dequately. adv. [i\om inadequate.] 
 Defectively ; not completely. 
 
 These pores they may either exactly fill, or but 
 inadequately. Boyle. 
 
 Inadve'rtence. 7 n.s. [inadvertence. 
 
 Inadvertency, j Fr. from inadver- 
 tent:] 
 
 I. Carelessness; negligence; inattention. 
 
 Tliere is a difference between them, as between 
 inadvertency and deliberation, between surprise 
 anti -set purpose. South. 
 
 From an habitnal heedless inadrertencij, men are 
 so intent upon the present tl:at they mind nothing 
 else. V Estrange. 
 
 '2. Act or eflTect of negligence. 
 
 Many persons have lain under great and heavy 
 
 I N A 
 
 scandals, which have taken their first rise only 
 from some inadit&'tence or indiscretiun. 
 
 Government of the Tongut, 
 
 The productions of a great cienius, witli many 
 
 lapses and iiiaJt'crtiincks, are infinitely preferable 
 
 to the works of an inferior ki[id of author, which 
 
 are scrupulously exact. Addison. 
 
 Inadve'rtent. adj. [in and adverlens, 
 Lat.] Negligent ; careless. 
 
 Inadve'rtently. adv. [from inadver- 
 tent.] Carelessly ; negligently. 
 
 Aristotle mentions Telegoiius as the son of Circe 
 and Ulysses, wlio afterwards slew his father with 
 the hfine of a fish inadvertenllii. Broome. 
 
 Worthy persons, if inadvertently drawn into » 
 de\i:itiiin, will endeavour histantly to recover tlieir 
 Io3t ground. Clansia. 
 
 Ina'lienable. adj. [in and alienable.] 
 That cannot be alienated, or granted to 
 another. 
 
 Ina'umental. adj. [in and alimental.] 
 Affi)rding no nourishment. 
 
 Dulconitionimporteth a degree tonourijhment ; 
 and the making nf thinr^s inalimcntal to become 
 alimcntal, may be an experiment of great profit 
 for making new victual. Bacon. 
 
 Inami'ssiele. adj. [inamissihie, Fr. in 
 and amissum, Lat.] Not to be lost. 
 
 I'iiese advantgcs are inamissihie. Hammond. 
 
 Ina'ne. adj. [inanis, Lat.] Empty; 
 void. It is used licentiously for a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 We sometimes speak of place in tlie great itiane, 
 beyond the confines of the world. Locke. 
 
 To Ina'nimate. v.a. [in and animo, Lat.] 
 To animate ; to quicken. Tliis word is 
 not in use. 
 
 There*s a kind of world remahiing still, 
 Though she which did inanimate and fill 
 The world be gone ; yet in tliis last lung nipht 
 Her ghost doth walk, that is, a glimmering liglit. 
 
 Dtmne. 
 
 Ina'nimate. ) adj. [inanima'.us, Lat. 
 Ina'nimated. ) inunimc, Fr.] Void 
 of life ; without animation. 
 
 The spirits of animate bodies ;ire all in some 
 degree kindled ; but iwmimate budies have spirits 
 no whit infiamed. Bacon. 
 
 The golrhn goddess, jircsent at the pray'r. 
 Well knew he meant th' inanimated fair. 
 And gav? the sign of granting. Drydcn. 
 
 All the ideas of sensible qualities are not "inhe- 
 rent in the inanimate bodies ; but are the effects of 
 their motion upon our nerves. Benlle}/. 
 
 Boih require the constant influence of a princi- 
 ple different from that wliich governs the iiwiii- 
 mated putt of the universe. Cheyne. 
 
 From roofs when Verrio's colonrs fall. 
 And leave inanimate the naked wall. 
 Still in thy song should vanquish'd France appear. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Inani'tion. 71. s. [innnilion, Fr. inanis, 
 Lat.] Emptiness of body; want of 
 fulness in the vessels of the animal. 
 
 Weakness which attends fevers proceeds from 
 too great fullness in the beginning, and too great 
 inanition in the latter end of the disease. 
 
 A)huthnot onuieU 
 
 Inan'ity. n. s. [from jwan/s, Lat.]- Emp- 
 tiness ; void space. 
 
 This opinion excludes all such inanityi, and »d- 
 raiis no vacuities but so little onis as no body 
 whatever can come to, but will be bigger than 
 they, and must touch the corporal parts whicb 
 those vacuities divide. Dis.!']) on Bodia. 
 
 Ina'ppetency. n. s. [in and appeten- 
 tia, Lat.] Want of stomach or appetite. 
 
 Inapplicable, adj. [in and applicable.] 
 Not to be put to a particular use. 
 
 950
 
 I N A 
 
 Inapplicability, /t. s. [from inappHca- 
 bie.] Unfitness for the particular pur- 
 pose, 
 
 Inapplica'tion. n. s, [inapplicafion, 
 Fr, in and application.] Indolence; 
 negligence. 
 
 iNA'RAf.LE. aflj'. [m and fitro, Lat.] Not 
 capable of tillage. Diet. 
 
 7y Ina'rck. v,a. [/w and/rrc//.] 
 
 In(irchiu:i is a metlicid of graftiiigi wfiicli is com- 
 monlv Ciilkd grafting I'y apnroacn. This method 
 of graftiiii: is used wiien the stock and the tree 
 may he joined : take tlie branch you would inarch, 
 ami, haviiif; fitted it to that [lartof the stock where 
 you intend to join it, pare awav tlie rind and wood 
 on one hide ahoiit three inches in length ; after the 
 same manner cat the stuck ur brancli in the place 
 where the grafi is to be NniteH, so that they may 
 join equally together that the sap may meet : then 
 Cut a litlic tongue upwards in the graft, and- make 
 A notch in the stock to admit it ; so tiiat when 
 ihey are joined the toneue will prevent their slip- 
 ping, and the graft will more closely unite with 
 the stock. Having tluis placed them exactly to- 
 gether, tie tliem ; then cover the place w-ith graft- 
 ing clay, to prevent the air from entering to dry 
 the wound, or the wet from getting in to rot the 
 stock ; you shoulil fix a stake into the ground, to 
 which that part of the stock, as also the graft, 
 should be fastened, to jirevent tlie wind from 
 breakint; them asunder. In this manner they are 
 to remain about four montlis, in which time they 
 » ill be sufficiently untied ; and the graft niav then 
 be cut from the ntother-tree, observing to slojie it 
 ofF close to the stock, and cover the joined parts 
 with fre-iii grafting clay. The operation is always 
 performed in Ajiril or jMay, and is commonly 
 practised upon oranges, Tiiyrtles, jasmines, wal- 
 nuts, firs, and pines, which will not succeed by 
 common grafting or budding. Miller. 
 
 Inarticulate, adj. [ivarticide, Fr. in 
 and articulate.'] Not uttered with dis- 
 tinctness, like that of the syllables of 
 human speech. 
 
 Observe what itiarticulate sounds resemble any 
 of the particular letters. Wilkiiis's Math. Mog. 
 
 By the harmony of words we elevate the mind 
 to a sense of devotion ; as our solemn musick, 
 which is inarticulate poesy, doth in churches. 
 
 Dnjdeii. 
 
 Inarti'culately. adi\ [from inarticu- 
 late,] Not distinctl3% 
 
 Inarticulateness, n.s. [from inarti- 
 culate.] Confusion of soinids ; want of 
 distinctness in pronouncing. 
 
 Inartifi'cial. adj. [in ai\d inay^tiJlciaL] 
 Contrary to art. 
 
 I have ranked this among the effects ; and it 
 may be thought inartificial to make it the cause 
 also. Decay of Victu. 
 
 Inartifi'cially. adv. [from inartiji- 
 cial.] Without art ; in a manner con- 
 trary to the rules of art. 
 
 This lofty humour is clumsily and inartifidaUx} 
 niana<^ed, when it is eifectcd by those of a self- 
 denying profession. Collier. 
 
 Inatte'ntion. n. s. [inattention, Fr. 
 in and attention.] Disregard; negli- 
 gence ; neglect ; heedlessness. 
 
 Persons keep out of the reach i>f the reproofs of 
 tlie ministry, or hear with such inattention or con- 
 tempt as renders them of little etiect. Rogers. 
 
 We see a strange inattention to tliis most im- 
 portant prospect. Rogers. 
 
 Novel lays attract our ravish *d ears ; 
 But old, the mind with inattention hears. Pope 
 
 Inatte'ntive. adv. [/n and attentive,] 
 Heedless ; cai*eless ; negligent ; regard- 
 less. 
 
 If we indulge the frequent roving of passions, 
 we shall procure au unsteady and inattentive ha 
 
 bit. 
 
 WatU. 
 
 INC 
 
 iNAu'niBi.E. adj. [in and aiidibk.] Not 
 to lie heard ; void of sound. 
 
 IjCI's tiike till- instant by tlie forward top ; 
 For we arc old, and on our quick'it decrees 
 Th' inundibk and noiseless foot of time 
 Steals, ere we can effect tliem. Shakesp. 
 
 To Inaugurate, v. a. [inauscuro, Lat.] 
 To consecrate ; to invest with a new 
 office by solemn rites; to begin with 
 good omens ; to begin. 
 
 Those l.eginnings of vears were propitious to 
 him, as if kind's did chuse remarkable days to in- 
 augurate their favours, tliat they may appear acts 
 as well of the time as of the will. Wottmi. 
 
 Inaugura'tion. n. s. [inangitralion, 
 Fr. inauguro, Lat.] Investiture by so- 
 lemn rites. 
 
 'J'he royal olive was solemnly sworn, at his iinu- 
 guration, to observe these things inviolable. Hour/. 
 
 At his regal inaug^irat'ion his old father resigned 
 the kingdom to him. Broira's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Inaura'tion. n. s. [(nflwro, Lat.] The 
 act of gilding or covering with gold. 
 
 The Romans had the art of gildiuL' after our 
 manner; but some sort of their iiiaiirufion, or gild- 
 ing, must have been much dearer than ours. 
 
 Arhtithuot on Coins. 
 
 Inauspi'cious. adj. [in and auspicious.] 
 
 Ill-omened ; unlucky ; unfortunate. 
 
 Oh here 
 I will set up my everlasting rest ; 
 And shake the yoke of iitanspicious stars 
 From this worlil-wearied tiesh. SItaUesp. 
 
 Thoutih Heaven's inauspicious eye 
 Lav black on love's nativity, 
 He"r eye a strong appeal can give ; 
 Beaufy, smiles, and love shall live. _ ^ Crashaw. 
 
 The'stars feel not the diseases their inauspicious 
 influence produces. _ Boyte. 
 
 With innu^jiicinus love a wretched swain 
 Pursu'd the fairest nymph of all the plain ; 
 She plunged him hopeless in a deep despair. Dri/. 
 
 Inbe'ing. n.s. [in and being.] Inhe- 
 rence ; inseparableness. 
 
 When we say the bowl is round, the boy is 
 witty, these are proper or inherent modes; for 
 they have a sort of inbeing in the substance itself, 
 and do not arise from Uie addition of any other 
 substance to it. Watts. 
 
 Inborn, adj. [in and born.] Innate; 
 implanted by nature. 
 
 Led by sense of good, 
 Inhprn to all, 1 so'uglit my needful food. Vriiileu. 
 All passions being inborn witliin us, we are al- 
 most equally judges of them. Driiden. 
 
 Some Carolhia, to Heav'n's dictates true, 
 Tli>' inborn worth with conscious e\ cs shall see. 
 And slight th' imperial diadem for thee. Addison. 
 
 Inbre'athed. adj. [in and breath.] In- 
 spired ; infused by inspiration. 
 
 Blest pair of syrens, pledges of Heaven's joy, 
 Sj)liere-Dorn harmonious sisters. Voice and \ erse, 
 Wed your divine sounds, and mixt power em- 
 
 Dead things with inbreath'd sense, able to pierce. 
 
 Mdton. 
 
 Lnbred. adj. [in and bird.] Produced 
 within ; hatched or generated within. 
 
 My inbred enemy 
 Forth issu'd. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 A man thinks better of his children than they 
 deserve ; but there is an impulse of tenderness, and 
 there must be some esteem for the setting of that 
 inbred affection at work. L' Estrange. 
 
 But he unmov'd contemns their idle threat ; 
 And inbred worth doth boasting valour slight ! 
 
 Druden. 
 
 To Inca'ge. v. a. [in and cage.] To 
 coop ii]i ; to shut up ; to coniine in a 
 cage, or any narrow space. 
 
 I N C 
 
 And yet incaged in so small a verge. 
 Thy waste is no whit lesser than thy lord's. Shak, 
 
 It made ray imprisonment a pleasure : 
 Ay, such a pleasure as incagcd birds 
 Conceive. Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Incale'scence, \ 71. s. [incalescOy Lat.] 
 Incale'scency. J The state of grow- 
 ing warm ; warmth ; incipient heat. 
 
 Averroes restrained his hilarity, making no mor^ 
 thereof than Seneca commendeth, and was aliow- 
 able in Cato ; that is, a soocr incaUscence, and re- 
 gulated estuation from wine. Broicu. 
 
 The oil preserves the ends of the bones from 
 incalescency, which they, being st-lid bodies, would 
 necessarily contract from a swift motion. jR«y. 
 
 Incanta'tion. n.s. [incantation, Fr. 
 incanto, Lat.] Charms uttered by sing- 
 ing ; enchantment. 
 
 My antient incantations are too weak, 
 And hell too strong. ShufusD. HenruXT. 
 
 By .Adam's hearkenine to his wife, mankind, 
 by that hvr incantation, became the subject of la- 
 buiir, sorrow, and death. Raieigh. 
 
 The great wonders of witches, their carrynig 
 in the air, and tratisfurniing themselves into o'ther 
 bodies, are reported to be wroutdit, not by incan- 
 tatiims or ceremonies, but by anuiiiiing themselves 
 ail over, move a man to think that these fables are 
 the eli'ects of imaizinatii^n ; for ointments, if laid 
 on any thing thick, by stopping of the pores, shut 
 in the vapours, and send them to the head ex- 
 tremely. Bacons A'a(. Hist. 
 
 The name of a city being discovered unto their 
 enemies, tlicir penalesand palronal gods might be 
 called forth by charms and incantations. Broan, 
 
 The nufitiaF rites his outrage strait attends ; 
 The dowV desir'd is Itis transtigur'd friends: 
 The incantation backward she repeats, 
 Inverts her rod, and what she did, defeats. Garth, 
 
 The commands w'hich nur religion hath imposed 
 on its followers are not like tlic absurd ceremonies 
 of pagan idolatry, that might look like irtcantatioru 
 and magick, but had no tendency to make man- 
 kind tlie happier. Bentley, 
 
 Inca'ntatory. adj. [from incanto, Lai.] 
 Dealing by enchantment ; magical. 
 
 Fortune-tellers, jugglers, geomancers, and the 
 like incantatory impostors, daily delude them. 
 
 To Incanton. V. a. [in and catiton.] To 
 unile to a canton or separate commu- 
 nity. 
 
 When the cantons of Bern and Zurich proposed 
 tlie inc irporating Geneva in tiie cantons, the Ro- 
 man cathulics, fearing the protcslant interest, pro- 
 posed the incantoning of Constance as a counter- 
 poise. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Incapabi'lity. "J w. ^. [from incapa^ 
 Incapa'bleness. j blc] Inability na- 
 
 tiuvil ; (Hst]ualification leijal. 
 \o\\ have nothing to urge but a kind of incnr 
 
 pahility in yourself to the service. Suckling. 
 
 Incapable. fl<//. [incapable, Yv. in and 
 
 capahh.] 
 \. AVanling room to hold or contain : with 
 
 o/'bcfore the thing to be contained. 
 
 2. Wanting power ; wanting tmderstand- 
 incr ; unable to comprehend, learn, or 
 understand, 
 
 hiciipahle and shallow innocents ! 
 You cannot guess w ho caused your fatber's death. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. Not able to admit or have any tiling. 
 
 Wihiiut, when he saw Goring put in the com- 
 mand, thought himself iricdpd6te of reparation. 
 
 Ctarendyn. 
 
 4. Unable ; not equal to any thing. 
 
 Is not vouT father CTOwn incapable 
 Of reasonable affairs! Is he not stupid 
 Witli age? Shakesp. Winter $TaU. 
 
 o. Disqualified by law, 
 
 957
 
 I N C 
 
 IKeir lands are almost entirely taken from 
 'jieiii, aiKl tlu-y are rendered incapahle of purchas- 
 ing any more. ■^'tj/' 
 
 6. In conversation it is usual to say a man 
 is inca/ial/le of falsehood, or incapablt of 
 generosity, or of any thing good or bad. 
 
 Incapacious, adj. [in and capacious.] 
 Narrow; of small content. 
 
 Souls that are made little and incapacious^ can- 
 not enlarge their thoutihis to take in any i;rcal 
 compass of times or thmgs. Burnet. 
 
 Incapa'ciousisess. n.s. [from incapa- 
 cious.] Narrowness ; want of contain- 
 ing space. 
 
 To Incapa'citate. v. a. [in and capa- 
 citate] 
 
 J. To disable; to weaken. 
 
 Nothing of consequence should be left to be 
 done in ihe last i/iOajiucitatiHg hours of life. Claris. 
 
 2. To disqualify. 
 
 Monstrosity cuuld not inco^iacitafe from mar- 
 riage. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Incapa'city. n.s. [incapacile, Fr. in 
 and capacity.] Inability ; want of na 
 tural power; want of power of body; 
 want of comprehensiveness of mind. 
 
 It chiefly proceedcth from natural incnpucitti, 
 and geniarindisposition. lirown'-i Vulg. Ernnns. 
 
 Admonition he imputes either to envy, or else 
 
 ignorance and incapacity of estimating his worth. 
 
 'U<n>ernment oj the Tojigue. 
 
 The inactivity of the soul is Its incapacity to be 
 moved with any thing counnou. ArbuthniH. 
 
 To Inca'rcerate. v. a. [incarcero, Lat.] 
 To imprison ; to confine. It is used in 
 the Scots law to denote imprisoning or 
 confining in a gaol ; otherwise it is sel- 
 dom found. 
 
 Contagion may be propagated by bodies, that 
 easily incarcerate the infected air ; as woollen 
 clothes. Hunwii. 
 
 Incarcera'tion. n.s. [from incarctratc] 
 Imprisonment ; confinement. 
 
 To Inca'rn. v. a. [incai'no, Lat.] To 
 cover with flesh. 
 
 The flesh will soon arise in that cut of the bone, 
 and make exfoliation of what is necessary, and 
 incarn it. Wiseman. 
 
 To Inca'rn. v. n. To breed flesh. 
 
 The slough came otf, and the ulcer happily m- 
 carned. Wiseman. 
 
 To Inca'rnadine. v. a. [incarnadine, 
 Fr. incornadinn pale red, Ital.] To dye 
 red. This word I find only once. 
 
 Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood 
 Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather 
 The raulliludinous sea incarnadine. 
 Making the green one red. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 To Inca'rn ATE. D. fl. [incarne?-, Fr. in- 
 CLtrno, Lat.] To clothe with flesh ; to 
 embody with flesh. 
 
 I, who erst contended 
 With gods to sit I'iie highest, am now constrain'd 
 Into a beast, and mix "with bestial slime, 
 Tills c's>ence to incarnule and imhrnte. Milton. 
 
 Incarnate, participial adj. [incamat, 
 Fr. from the verb.] 
 
 1 . Clothed with flesh ; embodied with flesh. 
 
 Undoubtedly even the nature of God itself, in 
 the person of the son, is incarnate, ajid hath taken 
 to itself flesh. Hooker. 
 
 A most wise sufficient means of redemption and 
 salvation, by the satisfactory death and obedience 
 of the incarnate son of God, Jesus Christ, God 
 blessed for ever. Sanderson. 
 
 Here shalt thon sit incarnate, here shalt reign 
 Both God and man. Mdions I'aradise Lost. 
 
 2. It may be doubted whether Swijt un- 
 derstood thi.s word. 
 
 INC 
 
 But he's possest, 
 Incarnate with a thousand imps. ^ .Su'ift. 
 
 3. In Scotland incarnatt is applied to any 
 thing tinged of a deep red colour, from 
 its resemblance to a flesh colour. 
 
 Incarnation, n.s. [incarnation, Fr. 
 from incarnate.] 
 
 1. The act of assuming body. 
 
 We must beware we exclude not the nature of 
 God from incarnation, and so make the son of God 
 incarnate not to be very God. Hooker. 
 
 Upon the Aniuniciat'i.iu, or our Lady-day, me- 
 ditate on the incarnation of our blessed .Saviour. 
 Tuiiloi-'s Guide to Devotion. 
 
 2. The state of breeding flesh. 
 
 The inilsation under the cicatrix proceeded from 
 the too lax incarnation of the wound Wiseman. 
 
 Inca'rnative. n.s. [incarnaiif, Fr.from 
 iyicarn.] A medicine that generates 
 
 flesh. 
 
 1 deterged the abscess, and incarned by the 
 common incarnative. Trisemiin's Surgery. 
 
 To Inca'se v. a. [in and case.] lo cover; 
 to inclose ; to in wrap. 
 
 Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase. 
 The pillars silver. fopc's Odyssey. 
 
 Incautious, adj. [in and cautious.] 
 Unwary; negligent; heedless. 
 
 His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate 
 aiiy incaatimi'! reader. Keil against Bnrnct. 
 
 Incautiously, adv. [from incautious.] 
 Unwarily : heedlessly ; negligently. 
 
 A species of palsy invades such as incautiously 
 expose tliemselves to the morning air. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ince'ndiary. n.s [incendiarius, from 
 ii'rtndo, Lut. incendiiiire, Fr.] 
 
 1. One who sets houses or towns on fire 
 in malice or for robbery. 
 
 2. One who inflames factions, or promotes 
 
 quarrels. 
 
 Nor could any order be obtained impartially to 
 examine impudent incendiaries. hiu^ Charles. 
 
 Iiicfftjwrifs of figure and distinction, who are the 
 inventors and publishers of gross fidschoods, can- 
 not be regarded but with the utmost detestation. 
 
 Addis. 
 
 Several cities of Greece drove them out as incen- 
 diaries, and pests of coiuinunweals. Bcntley. 
 I'ncense. n.s. [incinsum, Lat. a thing 
 burnt ; encens, Fr.] Perfumes exhaled by 
 fire in honour of some god or goddess. 
 
 Upon such sacrilices, my Cordelia, 
 The gods themselves throw incetise. Shuk. k. Lear. 
 
 Noma the rites of strict religion knew ; 
 Oil ev'ry altar laitl the incense due. Prior. 
 
 To I'ncense. v. a. [from the noun.] To 
 
 perfume with incense. 
 To INCE'NSE. V. a. [iiicensus, Lat.] To 
 enkindle to rage; to inflame with anger ; 
 to enrage ; lo provoke ; to irritate to 
 anger ; to heat ; to fire ; to make fu- 
 rious ; to exasperate. 
 
 The world, too saucy with the gods, 
 Incenses theni to send destruction. Shak. Jul. Ctes. 
 
 If 'gainst yourself you beincens'd. we'll putyou. 
 Like one that means his proper barm, in manacles. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 He is attended with a desp'rate train ; 
 And what they may incense him to, being apt 
 To have his ear abus'd, wisdom bids fear. Shakesp. 
 
 Tractable obedience is a slave 
 To each incensed will. Shakesp. Henry V III. 
 
 Foul idolatries, and other faults, 
 Heap'd to the popular sum, will so incense 
 God as to leave them. Milto7i's Paradise Lost. 
 
 How could my pious son thy pow'r incense? 
 Or what, alas I is vanquish'd Troy's offence ? Dryd. 
 
 Ince'nsement. n. s. [from incense.] 
 Rage; heat; fury. 
 
 I N C 
 
 His incenscment at this moment is so implacable, 
 that satisfaction can be none but by pangs of 
 death. 6/((i^-wp. 
 
 Ince'nsion. n.s. [incensio, Lat.] The 
 act of kindling ; the stale of being on 
 fire. 
 
 Sena loseth its windiness by decocting, and 
 subtile or windy spirits arc taken oft' by iacemicn 
 or evaporation. Bacon, 
 
 Incensor. n. s. [Lat] A kindler of 
 anger ; an inflamer of passions. 
 
 Many priests were impetuous and imptirtunate 
 inceiisnrs uf the rage. ilayward. 
 
 Ince'nsory. n.s. [from i«cfw*p.] The 
 vessel in which incense is burnt and 
 offered. Ainsivorth. 
 
 Ince'ntive. n. s. [incentivum, Lat.] 
 
 1. That which kindles. 
 
 Their unreasonable severity was not the least 
 incentive, that blew up into lliose ilanies the sparks 
 of discontent. King Charles. 
 
 2. That which provokes ; that which en- 
 courages ; incitement ; motive ; encou- 
 ragement ; spur. It is used of that 
 which incites, whether to good or ill : 
 with to. 
 
 Congruity of opinions, to our natural constitu- 
 tion, is one" great incentive to their rcce|)tion. 
 
 Glanvdle's .Sceps)5. 
 
 Even the wisdo'ii of God haih not suggested 
 more pressing motives, more powerful incentives to 
 charity, than these, that we shall he judged by it 
 at the last dreadful day. _ Atlerbury. 
 
 It encourages speculative persons, with all the 
 i;!«H!icfi of place, profit, and preferment. Addison. 
 
 Ince'ntive. adj. Inciting; encouraging: 
 with to. 
 
 Competency is the most incenlire to industry : 
 too little makes men desperate, and loo much 
 careless. Llecuy of Piety. 
 
 Ince'ption. n.s. [inceptio, Lat] Begin- 
 ning. 
 
 The inception of putrefaction hath in it a matu- 
 ration. Bacon. 
 
 Ince'ptive. adj. [inceptivus, Lat.] Noting 
 beginning. 
 
 An inceptire and desitive proposition, as, the 
 
 fogs vanish as the sun rises; hut the fogs_ have not 
 
 ye" begun to vanish, therefore the sun is not yet 
 
 risen. Locke, 
 
 Ince'ptor. n s. [Lat.] A beginner; one 
 
 who is in his rudiments. 
 Incera'tion. n.s. [incero, Lat.] The 
 act of covering with wax. Uict. 
 
 Incertitude, n. «. [incertitude, Fr. 
 inctnitudo, Lat] Uncertainty; doubt- 
 fulness. 
 Ince'ssant. adj. [in ax\<\ cessans, Lai..] 
 Unceasing; unintermitted; continual; 
 uninterrupted. 
 Railing wind blows up nioessdiit show'rs. SImk. 
 The incessant weeping of my wife, 
 Forc'd me to seek delays. Shakesp. 
 
 If, by pray'r 
 Incessant, I could Impe to change the will 
 Of him who all things can, I would not cease 
 To weary him with my assiduous cries. Mdton. 
 
 In forin, a herald ol' the king she flies 
 From peer to peer, and thus incessant cries. Pope. 
 Ince'ssantly. adv. [from incessant.'\ 
 Without intermission ; continually. 
 
 Both his hands most filthy feculent, 
 Above the water were on high extent, 
 And fain'd to wash themselves incessantly, t. «M. 
 
 Who reads 
 Incesantlii, and to his rea ling brings not 
 A spirit and judgment equal or superior. MMm. 
 The Christians, who canied their religion 
 through so many persecutions, were mcessantly
 
 INC . 
 
 comforting one another with the example and 
 historv of our Saviour and liis apostles. Addison. 
 
 I'NCEST. n.s, [incestCj Fr. incestum, Lat.] 
 Unnatural and criminal conjunction of 
 persons within decrvees prohibited. 
 
 is't not a kind of incest to take life 
 From thine own sister's shnme? Sliaktsp. 
 
 He who entered in the first act, a young man 
 like Pericle-i, prince of Tyre, must not be in dan- 
 ger in the fifth act of committing incest with his 
 daughter. Drt^tJens Dujrcsnoi^. 
 
 Incestuous. flrf/. [incestcux, IV.] Guilty 
 of incest ; guilty of unnatural cohabita- 
 tion. 
 
 Hide me, thou bloody hand, 
 Thou perjure, tliou simular of virtue. 
 That art incestumis. Shakesp. Kin^ Lear, 
 
 We may easily guess with what impatience the 
 world would have heard an incestuous Herod dis- 
 coursing of chastity. South. 
 
 Ere you reach to this incestuous love, 
 You must divine and human rights remove. Dryd. 
 
 Ince'stuously. adv, [from incestuous.] 
 With unnatural love. 
 
 Rlacareus and Cauace, son and daughter to 
 ^olus, god of the winds, loved each other inces- 
 tuously. Dryden. 
 
 INCH. n.s. [in^-e, Sax. uncia, Lat.] 
 
 1. A measure of length supposed equal to 
 three grains of barley laid end to end; 
 the twelfth part of a foot. 
 
 A foot is the sixth part of t!ie stature of man, 
 a span one eighth of it, and a thumb's breadth or 
 inch one seventy-second. Holder on Time. 
 
 The sun should never miss, in all his race, 
 Of time one minute, or one inch of space. Btackmore. 
 
 2. A proverbial name for a small quantity. 
 The plebeians have got your fellow tribune ; 
 
 They'll liive him death by inches. Shak. Coriolanus. 
 
 As in lasting, so in length is man, 
 Contracted lo au inch, who was a span. Donne. 
 
 Is it so desirable a condition to consume by 
 inches, and lose one's blood by drops? CoUier. 
 
 The commons were growing by degrees into 
 power and property, gaining ground upon the pa- 
 tricians inch by inch. Swift. 
 
 3. A nice point of time. 
 
 Beldame, I think, we watch'd you at an inch. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Inch. tva. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To drive by inches. 
 
 Valiant lhe\' say, but very popular ; 
 He gets too far into the soldiers graces. 
 And inches out my master. Drifdens Cleomenes 
 
 2. To deal out by inches ; to give spa- 
 ringly. Ainsworlh. 
 
 To Inch. v.n. To advance or retire a 
 little at a time. 
 
 I'nched. adj. [Avith a word of number 
 before it.] Containing inches in length 
 or breadth. 
 
 Poor Tom, proud of heart to ride on a hay trot- 
 ting horse over fourtncftfd bridges. Shak. King Lear. 
 
 I'nchipin. 71, s. Some of the inside of a 
 deer. Ainsivorth. 
 
 Inchmeal, n.s. [inch and meal.] A 
 piece an inch long. 
 
 All th' infections that tlie sun sucks up 
 From bogs, fens, flats, on Prospero fall, und make 
 
 him 
 By inchmeal a disease! Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 lo Inchoate, v. a, [inckoo, hat.] To 
 begin ; to commence. 
 
 U is neither a substance perfect, nor a substance 
 inchoate, or in the way of perfection. Raleigh's Hist. 
 
 Inchoa'tion. 71. s. [inchoatus, Lat.] In- 
 ception ; beginning. 
 
 It discerneth of four kinds of causes; forces, 
 frauds, crimes various of stellionate, and the in- 
 choations or middle acts towards crimes capital, 
 iKit actually perpetrated, Bacon. 
 
 I N C 
 
 The setting on foot some of those arts in those 
 parts would be looked in)on as the first inchoation 
 of tliem, which yet would be but their reviving. 
 Hide's i)riis;in iff' Mankind. 
 
 rKCHOATiVE. adj. [inchoative, Tr. in- 
 clwutivus, I^t.] Inceptive ; noting in- 
 choation or beginning. 
 
 To Inci'de, v. a. [from invido to cut, I^t.] 
 
 Medicines are said to incide wliich juiisist of 
 pointed and sharp particles ; as acids, and most 
 salts, by which ilie particles of other bodies are di- 
 vided from one another : thus expectorating medi- 
 cines are said to incide or cut the phlegm. Q_uincu. 
 
 'J'he menses are promoterl bv all saponaceous 
 Substances, which incide tlie mucus in the first 
 passages. Arhathnot. 
 
 Incidence. 1 n. s. [incido to fall, Lat. 
 I'ncidency, ] i?icidtnce, Fr.] 
 
 1, The direction with which one body 
 strikes upon another, and the angle made 
 by that line, and the plane struck upon, 
 is called the angle of incidtnce. In the 
 occursions of two moving bodies, their 
 incidence is said to be perpendicular or 
 oblique, as their directions or lines of 
 motion make a straight line or an ob- 
 lique angle at the point of contact, 
 
 Quinc^. 
 
 In mirrours there is the like angle of incidence, 
 from the object of the glass, and fron^ the glass to 
 the eye. Bacon. 
 
 He enjoys his happy state most when he coni- 
 niunicales it, and receives a more vigorous joy 
 from the retiexion than from the direct incidetwif 
 of his happiness. Norris. 
 
 Xn equal incidences there U a considerable in- 
 equality of refractions, whether it be that some of 
 the incident rays are refracted more and others less 
 constantly, or one and thesame fav is by refraction 
 disturbed. }^eict07i\ Oplic's. 
 
 The permanent whiteness argues, that in like 
 incidences of the rays there is no such separation 
 of the emerging rays. Neuton. 
 
 2. [Incidtns, Lat.] Accident; hap; ca- 
 sualty. 
 
 \\'hat incidence thou do'st guess of harm declare, 
 Is creeping towards me. Siiake^p. JVinter's Tale. 
 
 I'NCIDENT. adj. [incide7it, Fr. incidensj 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Casual ; fortuitous; occasional; happen- 
 ing accidentally ; issuing in beside the 
 main design ; happening beside expecta- 
 tion. 
 
 As the ordinary course of comraoii affairs is dis- 
 posed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer 
 incident necessities and utilities should be with 
 special eijuity considered. Hooker. 
 
 I would note in children not only their articulate 
 answers, but likewise smiles and frowns upon in- 
 cident oocasions. irii/fo«. 
 
 In aconi()lex proposition the predicate or subject 
 is sometimes made com|ilexby the pronouns wlio, 
 which, whose, whom, &c. which make another 
 proposition : as, every man, who is pious, shall be 
 saved : Julius, whose surname was Caesar, over- 
 came Pompey: bodies, whichare transparent, have 
 many pores. Here the whole proposition is called 
 the primary or chief, and the additional proposi- 
 tion is called an incident proposition. I! atts. 
 
 2. Happening ; apt to happen. 
 
 Constancy is such a firmness of friendship as 
 overlooks all those failures of kindness, that 
 through passion, incident to human nature, a man 
 may be guilty of. South. 
 
 I'ncident. n.s. [iiicidcnt, Fr. from the 
 adjective.] Something happening be- 
 side the main design ; casualty. 
 
 His wisdom will fall into it as an incident to the 
 point of lawfulness. Bacon's Holij War. 
 
 No person, no incident in the J'lay, but must 
 be of use to carry on the main design. Dryden. 
 
 INC 
 
 Incide'ntal. adj. Incident; casual; 
 happetiing by chance ; not intended ; 
 not deliberate ; not necessary to the 
 chief purpose. 
 
 'J'lie satisfuciiun you received from those itici- 
 dental discourses which we have wandered into. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 By some, religious duties scarce appear to be 
 
 regarded at all, and by others only as an incidental 
 
 business, to be done when they fiave nothing else 
 
 to do. Rogers. 
 
 Incide'ntally. adv. [from incidental.] 
 Beside the main design ; occasionally. 
 
 These general rules are but occasionally and in- 
 cldenlally mentioned in Scripture, rather lo mani- 
 fest unto us a former, than lo lay upon us a new 
 obligation. Sanderson. 
 
 1 treat eitiier purposely or inctdentaily of colours. 
 
 Bovte. 
 I'ncideNTLY. adv. [from incident.] Oc- 
 casionally ; by the bye ; bv the way. 
 
 It wasinfi<^en(/v moved amongst the judges w-hat 
 should be done fur the king himself, who was at- 
 tainted ; but resolved that the crown takes away 
 defects. Bacon's Henry V'll. 
 
 To Incinerate, v. a. [in and cintres, 
 Lat.] To burn to ashes. 
 
 By baking, without melting, tlie heat indurateth, 
 tlien raaketh fragile ; lastly, it doth incijieratc and 
 calcinate. ' Bacon, 
 
 Fire burnetii wood, making it first luminous, 
 then black and brittle, and lastly broken and inci- 
 nerate. Bacon. 
 
 These dregs are soon i/u'(nera(e(/and calcined into 
 such salts «nich produce coughs. Harvaj on Cons. 
 
 Incinera'tion. 7i. s. [incineration, Fr, 
 from incinerate.] The act of burning 
 any thing to ashes. 
 
 1 observed in the fix! salt of urine, brouglit by 
 depuration to be very while, a taste not unlike 
 common snit, and very differing from the cau- 
 stick ii-tiviitle tosleufotlier salts made by incinera- 
 tion. Bt>u/f. 
 
 Incircumspe'ction. n.s. [in and cir- 
 cumspection.] Want of caution ; want 
 of heed. 
 
 An unexpected way of delusion, whereby he 
 more easily led, away the incircumspection of their 
 belief. Brotcn, 
 
 Inci'sed. adj. [inciser, Fr. incisus, Lat.] 
 Cut; made by cutting: as an incised 
 wound. 
 I brought the incised lips together. Wiseman. 
 
 Incision. 7i.s. [ifwision, Fr. incisio, Lat.] 
 
 1. A cut; a wound made with a shai'p in- 
 strument. Generally used for wounds 
 made by a chlrurgeon. 
 
 Let ui make iyicisUni for your love. 
 To prove whose blood is reddest, his or mine. Shak. 
 
 God help thee, shallow man: God make mci- 
 sion in tliee, thou art raw. Shakesp. As you like tt. 
 
 The reception of one is as dinerent from the 
 admission of the other, as when tlie earth falls 
 open under the incisions of the plough, and when 
 it*gapes to drink in the dew of heaven, or the 
 refresluueuts of a shower. Sotith. 
 
 A small incisiim knife is more handy than a 
 larger for opening the bag. Sharp's Surgery. 
 
 2. Division of viscosities by medicines. 
 
 Abstersi 'nisa scouring off, or incision of viscous 
 humours, and making them fluid, and cutting 
 between tliem and the part; as in nitrous water, 
 which scoureth linen. Ba^iTn. 
 
 Incisive, adj. [incisif, Fr. from incisus, 
 Lat.] Having the quality of cutting or 
 dividing. 
 
 The colour of many corpuscles will cohere by 
 being precipitated tt)getiier,and be destroyed by the 
 effusion of very piercing ar.d incisive liquors. Boyte. 
 
 Inci'sor. n.s. [incisor, Lat.] Cutter; 
 tooth in the forepart of the mouth. 
 
 959
 
 INC 
 
 Inci'sor. adj. \incisoirt, Fr.] Having 
 
 tlie quality of cutting. 
 Incisure, n.s. [incisura, Lat.] A cut; 
 
 an aperture. 
 
 In some creatures it is wide, in some narrow, 
 in son)e with a deep inchnre up into the lieafi, fur 
 tlic hetler catching and holding of prey, and cuiu- 
 iiiiiniting of liard food. Derltam. 
 
 Incita'tion. 71. s. [incitatio, Lat.] In- 
 citement; incentive ; motive; impulse; 
 the act of inciting ; the power of in- 
 citing. 
 
 Dr. Ridley defines niagnetical attraction to be 
 a natural incitation and disposition conforming 
 unto contiguity, an union of one niagnetical body 
 unto another. Broivns Vulgar Errours. 
 
 The multitude of objects do proportiunably 
 multiply both the possibilities and iiicitatwns. 
 
 Cf^ienimcnt of the Tim<^ue. 
 
 The mind gives not only licence, but inciuitioji 
 to the other passions to act with the utmost im- 
 petuosity. Vi^cay of fietii. 
 
 To INCITE, ti. a. [iiicilo, Lat. inciter, Ir.] 
 To stir up ; to push forward in a pur- 
 pose; to animate; to spur ; to urge on. 
 
 How many now i[i health 
 Shall drop their blood, in approbation 
 Of what your reverence shall incite us to.-* Skal^esp. 
 
 No blo'wn ambition doth our arms incite ; 
 But love, dear love, and our ag'd father's right. .S/tafc. 
 
 Antiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in 
 war, set before him the greatness of the Romans, 
 comparing it to a fire, tliat took and spread from 
 kingdom to kingdom. _ _ Bacon. 
 
 Nature and common reason, in all difficulties, 
 where prudence or courage are required, do rather 
 incite us to fly for assistance to a single person 
 than a multitude. Suifi. 
 
 Incitement, n. s. [from incite.l Motive; 
 incentive ; impulse ; inciting cause. 
 
 A marvel it were, if a man of great capacity, 
 having such incitements to make him desirous of all 
 furtherances unto his cause, could espy in the 
 whole scripture of God notliing which might breed 
 at the least a probable opinion of likclihund, that 
 divine authority was the same way inclinable. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Ilartlib seems sent hither by some good provi- 
 dence, to be the occasion and incitement of great 
 good to this island. Milton. 
 
 If thou must reform the stubborn times. 
 From the long records of distant age 
 Derive incitements to renew thy rage. Pope's Statins. 
 
 Inci'vil. adj. [incivil, Fr.] Unpolished. 
 
 See Uncivil. 
 Incivi'lity. n.s. [incivilite, Fr. jk and 
 
 civility.'] 
 
 1. Want of courtesj' ; rudeness. 
 
 He does offend against that reverence whicli is 
 due to the common apprehensions of mankind, 
 wliether true or not, winch is the greatest incioi- 
 llty, TiUotson. 
 
 2. Act of rudeness. In this sense it has a 
 plural. 
 
 Abstain from dissolute laughter, uncomely jests, 
 ]im<l talking and jeering, which, in civil account, 
 are called indecencies and incivilities. Taiilor. 
 
 Inclemency, ti. s. [inckmevce, Fr. 
 imlemcntid, L:it ] Unmercifulness ; 
 cruelty ; severity ; harshness ; rough- 
 ness. 
 
 And though by tempests of the prize bereft. 
 In heaven's inclemencu some ease we tind ; 
 Our foes we vanquish'd by our valour left. Dri/rf. 
 
 Incle'ment. adj. [in and ditnens, Lat.] 
 Unmerciful ; unpitying ; void of tender- 
 ness ; harsh. It is used of tener of things 
 than of men. 
 
 Teach us further by what means to shun 
 Til' irickment seasons, rain, ice, hail and snow. 
 
 hUltm. 
 
 INC 
 
 I stand 
 rCaked, defenceless, on a foreign land : 
 Propitious to niy wants, a vest supply. 
 To guard the wretched from th' inclement sky. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 Inclinable, adj. [inclinabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Having a propeiision of will; favoura- 
 bly disposed ; willing ; tending by dis- 
 position : with to. 
 
 People are not always inclinable to the best. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 A marvel it were, if a man of capacity could 
 espy in tlie whole scripture nothing which might 
 breed a probable opinion, that divine aulhoriry 
 was the same way inclinahle. Hool.er, 
 
 The gall and 'bitterness of certain men's writ- 
 ings, who spared him little, made hiui, for their 
 sakes, the less inclinable to that truth which he 
 himself should have honoured. Hooker. 
 
 Desire, 
 Inclinable now grown to touch or taste, 
 Solicited her longing eye. Milton. 
 
 2. Having a tendency. 
 
 If such a crust naturally fsll, then it was more 
 likely and inclinable to fall'this thousand years than 
 the last; but if the crust was always gradually 
 nearer and nearer to falling, that plainly evinces 
 that it had luit endured eternally. Bentley. 
 
 Inclination, n.s. [incUnaison, inclina- 
 tion, Fr. inclinatio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Tendency towards any point : with to. 
 
 The two rays, being equally refracted, have 
 the same inclination to one anotfier after refraction 
 which they had bcfoie ; that is, the inclination of 
 half a degree answering to the sun's diameter. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 2. Natural aptness. 
 
 Though most of the thick woods are grubbed 
 up since the prouuintory has been cultivated, there 
 are still many spots o( it which shew the natural 
 inclination of'the soil leans that way. Addison. 
 
 3. Propension of mind ; favourable dispo- 
 sition ; incipient desire. 
 
 The king was wonderfully disquieted, when he 
 found that" the [irince was totally aliened from all 
 thoughts oXor iyiclinaiion to the marriage. Clarend. 
 
 A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a 
 willing of that thing ; and yet, in matters of duty, 
 men frequently reckon it i'or such : fur otherwise 
 how should they 'so often plead and rest in the ho- 
 nest and well inclined <lisposition of their minds, 
 when they are justly charged with an actual non- 
 performance of the law f South. 
 
 4. Love ; affection ; regard. In this sense 
 it admits Jor. 
 
 We have had few knowing painters, because of 
 the little inclination which princes have for pauit- 
 ing. Dryden. 
 
 5. Disposition of mind. 
 
 Bid him 
 Report the features of Octavia, her years, 
 Her inclination. Shalesp, Ant. and Cleopa. 
 
 6. The tendency of the magnetical needle 
 to the East or West. 
 
 7. [In pharmacy.] The act by which a 
 clear liquor is poured off from some 
 fa-ces or sediment by only stooping the 
 vessel, which is also called decantation. 
 
 Quincy. 
 Incli'natory. adj. [from jnc/ine.] Hav- 
 ing a quality of inclining to one or other. 
 if that i)ic/iiia(oi-[/ virtue be destrnyeil by a touch 
 from the contiary liole, that end which before was 
 elevated will then decline. Broim's Vulg. Krr. 
 Incli'natorily. adv. [from inclina- 
 tory.] Obliquely ; with inclination to 
 one .side or the other; with some devia- 
 tion from North and South. 
 
 Whether they be refrigerated incUnutorily, or 
 somewhat equiiiuxially , that is, toward the eastern 
 or western points, Ihey discover some verticity. 
 Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
 
 1 N C 
 
 To INCLI'NE. V. n. [inclino, Lat. incliner, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To bend ; to lean ; to tend toward any 
 part: with to or towards. 
 
 Her house inclineth unto death, and her paths 
 unto the dead. Prey. ii. 18, 
 
 Still to this place 
 Wy heart inclines, still hither turn my eyes; 
 Hither my feet unbidtlen find their way. Rome. 
 
 2. To be favourably disposed to ; to feel 
 desire beginning. 
 
 Dutli his majesty 
 Incline to it, or no ? 
 — He seems inditl'erent ; 
 
 Or rather swaying more upon our part. Shahesp. 
 Their hearts inclined to follow Aoimelech. 
 
 Judges, 
 
 To Incli'ne. v. a. 
 
 1. To give a tendency or direction to any 
 place or state. 
 
 The timely dew of sleep, 
 Now falling witli soft slumb'rous weight, incliner 
 Our eye-lids. Milton, 
 
 t bus far both armies to Belinda yield ; 
 Now to the barun fate inclines the field. Pope. 
 
 A tow'riiig structure to the i)alace join'd ; 
 To this his steps the thoughtful prince incLin'd, 
 
 Pops, 
 
 2. To turn towards any thing, as desirons 
 or attentive. 
 
 Incti7ie our hearts to keep this law. Com. Pravrr, 
 \ou have not inclined your ear unto me. Jer. 
 But that fiorn us aught should ascend to heav'n 
 So ))revalent, as to concern the mind 
 Of God high-blest, or to incline bis will. 
 Hard to belief may seem, yet this will prayer. 
 
 Mdton. 
 
 3. To bend ; to incurvate. 
 
 With due respect my body I inclind^ 
 As to some being of superior kind. Dryden, 
 
 To Incli'p. v. a. [in and clip,] Tograsp; 
 
 to inclose ; to surround. 
 
 \Miate'er the ocean pales, or &k3' inclips, 
 Is thine, if thou wilt lia't. Sliahesp. Ant. and Clecrp. 
 
 To iNCLo'iSTER. I', a. [in and cloister,] 
 
 To shut up in a cloister. 
 To Inci.o'ud. v. a. [in and cloud,] To 
 
 darken ; to obscure. 
 
 In their thick breaths. 
 Rank of gross diet, shall we be inclouded, 
 And forc'd to drink their vapour. Shalesp. 
 
 To Inclu'de. V, a, [includo, Lat.] 
 
 1 , To inclose ; to shut in : as, the shell 
 includes a pearl. 
 
 2, To comprise ; to comprehend. 
 
 This desire being recommended to her majesty, 
 it liked her to include the same within one intire 
 lease. Bacon. 
 
 The marvellous fable includes whatever is super- 
 natural, and especially the machines of the gods. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Instead of enquiring whether he be a man of 
 virtue, the question is only whether he bo a whig 
 or a torv ; under which terms all good and ill qua- 
 lities are included. Stt'i^t. 
 
 Inclu'sive. adj. [inclutif, Fr.] 
 
 1, Inclosing ; encircling. 
 
 O, would that the inclusive verge 
 Of golden metal, that mubt round ray brow. 
 Were red-hot steel, to sear me to the brain ! Shak. 
 
 2. Comprehended in the sum or number : 
 as, from Wednesday to Saturday inclu- 
 sive ; that is, both \N edncsday and Sa- 
 turday taken into the number, 
 
 I'll search where ev'ry virtue dwells, 
 From courts inclusive down to cells. Siciji. 
 
 Inclu'sively. adv. [from inclusive.] The 
 thing mentianed reckoned into the ac- 
 count. See Inclusive. 
 
 9C0
 
 I N C 
 
 Tliu* much shall serve for the several periods 
 or {jrowtli of ihe ccmirnon law, until the time of 
 Edwiird L inchmvclu. Half. 
 
 All aiticuliUion is nindo within tiie nmuili, 
 from tlie throat to tiie lips inclusivelv ; and is dif- 
 ferenced parilv by the oruaiis ust-d in it, and partly 
 b_y the matmiT and di-^rce of ariicuhiting. JloUicr. 
 
 Incoagulable, adj. [in and coagtd- 
 ablc] Incapable of concretion. 
 
 Incof.xi'stence. n, s, [hi and coexist- 
 ence,] The quality of not existing to- 
 gether; non-association of existence. An 
 unusual word. 
 
 Another more incurable part of ignorance, 
 ■which sets us more remote from a certain know- 
 ledge of the coexistence or incoeiistence of ditVcrtnt 
 ideas in the same subject, is, that there is no disco- 
 verable Connexion between any secondary (pialiry 
 and those priiiiar_y qualities it depends c/n. Locke. 
 
 Incog, adv. [corrupted by mutilation 
 
 from incognito, Lat.] Unknown ; in 
 
 private. 
 
 But if you're rough, and use him like a dotr, 
 Depend upon it, he'll remain hicog. Addkon. 
 
 Inco'gitancy. 71, s. [i ncogitantia J Ltii.] 
 Want of tiiouirht. 
 
 Oiie man's fancies are Inws to succeeders, who 
 afterwards misname all unobsequiousness to (heir 
 iticogitancif presumption. Boijle. 
 
 ^lexl to the stu]»id and nieerly vegetable stale 
 of bicogitaticijt we may rank partial and jiicce-meal 
 consiticratiou. Dcca\} of Piety. 
 
 Inco'gitative, adj. [in and cogitative.] 
 Wanting the power of thought. 
 
 Puieiy material beings, as clippings of our 
 beards, and sensible, thinking, perceiving beings, 
 such as we lind ourselves, we will call cogitative 
 and iiicogitative beings, Locke. 
 
 Incognito, adv, [incognitus^ Lat.] In 
 a state of concealment. 
 
 'f was long ago 
 Since gods came down incognito. Prior. 
 
 Incohe'rence. ) ?i. «. [in and cohe- 
 Incohe'rkncy. j rcnceJ] 
 
 1. Want of cohesion ; looseness of material 
 parts. 
 
 If plaister be beaten into an impalpable pow- 
 der, when poured out it will emulate a liquor, by 
 reason that the smalliiess and incnhereiice of the 
 parts do both make them easy to be put into mo- 
 tion, and makes the pores they intercept so small, 
 that they interrupt not the uility or continuity nf 
 the nia.ss. Boijle. 
 
 2. Want of connection; incongruity; in- 
 consequence of argument ; want of de- 
 pendence o{ one part upon another, 
 
 I find I hat layiuL' the intermediate ideas naked 
 in their due order, sh'-ws the incohertuce of the 
 argumentations belter than syllogisms. Locke. 
 
 Incohereiicts'm mailer, and'suppositions withiuit 
 proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass 
 fur strong reason. Locke. 
 
 Incohe'kent. adj. [in and coherent.] 
 
 1. Wanting cohesion; loose; not fixed to 
 each other. 
 
 Jlnd tlie strata of stone become solid, but the 
 matter where(»f they consist continued las and iii- 
 cohirent, they bad consequently been as perviotis 
 as those of marie or gravtd. Woodward. 
 
 2. Inconsequential; inconsistent; having 
 no dependence of one part upon ano- 
 ther. 
 
 We have instances of perception whilst we are 
 asleep, and retain the memory of them ; hut how 
 extraviigant and incoherent are they, and how lit- 
 tle conformable to the perfection of a rational 
 being ! Locke. 
 
 Incoherently, adv, [^vova incoherait .] 
 Inconsistently ; inconsequentially. 
 The character of Euryiochus is tiie iniiiation of 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I N C 
 
 a person confounded with fears, speaking irrati- 
 onally and incoherently. nrontnc. 
 Incomj'mity. 71. s. [incolnmitasj Lat.] 
 Safety ; security. A word very little 
 in use. 
 
 The parliament is necessary to assert and pre- 
 serve the national rights of a people, with the in- 
 cohnnitu and w t-lfare of n, country. Honel. 
 
 iNCOMCiiSTiBiLrrY. n, s. [from incom- 
 bustible.] The quality of resisting fire 
 so that it cannot consume. 
 
 The stone in the Ap[)ennincs is remarkable for 
 its shining (juality, and the amianlhus for its m- 
 coinhiistihilittt. 2?<ii/- 
 
 iNcoMHtJ'sTiBLE. adj. [hncombufitible, 
 Fr. in and combustible.] Not to be 
 consumed by fire. 
 
 It agrees in this common quality ascribed unt<:i 
 both, of beiw^incomhustilde, and not consumal)!i.' 
 by lire. M itkiits. 
 
 Incombu'stibleness. n. s. [from in- 
 comhusiibh.] The quality of not bein<: 
 wasted by fire, 
 
 I'ncome. n. s. [in and come.] Revenue ; 
 produce of any thing. 
 
 Tliuu who repinest at ilie plenty *>f thy neigh- 
 bour, and ihe greatness of his i}tci')iie!i, considt-r 
 what are frequently the dismal consequences of 
 all this. South. 
 
 No fields afford 
 So large an income to the village lord, D^rudcn. 
 
 St. Gaul has scarce any lands belonging toil, 
 and liule. or no income but what arises fioui its 
 trade: the great support of this Utile state is its 
 lijien manufacture. Addison on italu 
 
 Notwitbslanding the large incomes annexed lo 
 some few (,f her prefern)ents, tliis churcii haili in 
 the wli;>le little to subsist on. Atterhury. 
 
 Incommensuraei'lity, n. s. [from 
 incommensurable.] The state of one 
 thing with respect to another, when they 
 cannot be compared by any common 
 measin*e. 
 
 Incomme'nsurabi.e. adj. [Fr. from 
 in, con, and mensurabilis, Lat.] Not 
 to be reduced to any measure common 
 to both ; not to be measured together, 
 such as that the proportion ot' one to 
 the other can be told. 
 
 Our disputations about vacuum or space, in- 
 commen&nridde quantities, the intinite divisibility 
 of matter, and eternal duration, will lead us to see 
 the weakness of our nature. Walts. 
 
 Incomme'nsurate. adj. [in, con, and 
 mensura, Lat.] Not admitting one com- 
 mon measure. 
 
 The diagonal line and side of a quadrate, 
 which, lo our apprehension, arc incommensurate, 
 are yet commensurable to the infmile couipiehen- 
 sion of the divine intellect. More. 
 
 As all olher measures <jf time are reducible to 
 these three; so we labour to reduce these three, 
 though strictly of themselves incommensurate to 
 one another, for civil use, measuring the greater 
 by the less. Holder on Time. 
 
 If the year comprehend days, it is but as any 
 greater sMuce of time may be' said to eomprehen'd 
 a less, though the less space be incommensurate to 
 the sreaier. " Holder on Time. 
 
 To INCO'MMODATE.I v. a. [incom- 
 To INCOMMODE. / modo,Lat.in 
 
 cominodcr, Fr.] To be inconvenient to ; 
 
 to hinder or embarrass witliout very 
 
 great injury. 
 A gnat, planted upon the horn of a bull, hejiged 
 
 the IniH'!* partlon ; but ratlier than i'«ertm»((V/e^\e, 
 
 savs lie, ril remove. L' I'itran^c, 
 
 AIihoui»h they simietimes molest and iiicoinmoiif 
 
 the iiihubuants,' jet the agent, whereby both the 
 
 I N C 
 
 oneanti the other is effected,!? of that iudispensible 
 necessity to the earth and to mankind, ttal tkey 
 eould nut subsist without it. Wttc^tuitrd, 
 
 Incommo'diols. adj. [ incnmmodus, 
 Lat.] Inconvenient ; vexatious withotit 
 great mischief. 
 
 Things of general benefit, for in this world what 
 is so perfect that no inconvcoience duth ever 
 follow It? may by same accident b« incommndiaus 
 to a fi.w. H»iker. 
 
 Mens intentions in speaking arc to be under- 
 stood, without frequent explanations and inCDm- 
 tnodiotis interruptions. Locke. 
 
 Incommodiously, ndv. [from incom- 
 modious.] Inconveniently ; not at ease. 
 Incommo'diou.sness. n. x. [from in- 
 commodiou.1.1 Inconvenience. 
 
 Diseases, disorders, and the incommodimnnai of 
 external nature, are inconsistent with happiness. 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 iNCOMMo'niTY. n. s. [incommoilile, Fr. 
 imoiiimoditus, Lat.] Inconvenience ; 
 
 trouble. 
 
 Declare ^our opinion, what incommotHlxi vou 
 have eoncervcd to be in the common law, wfiich 
 r would lidve thought most free from all such 
 dislike. Spemer's State qj Ireland. 
 
 If iron can be incorporated wiih Hint or stone, 
 without over great charge, or other incommndilti, 
 the cheapness duth make the compound stuti pro- 
 fitable, bacnn. 
 
 By considering the region and Ihe winils, one 
 Jiiiglit so cast the rooms, which shall most need 
 fire, that he slii;uld little fear the incommivlitij of 
 sinoak. Witttiyns Ari-hitect'ttre. 
 
 Incommlnicabi'lity. n. s. [from in- 
 comniiiiiicublf.] The quality of not 
 being impartible. 
 
 Incom.mu'nicable. adj. [inrommuiii- 
 Cdbh, Fr. in and communicable.] 
 
 1. Not inijjartible j not to be made the 
 common right, property, or quality of 
 more than one. 
 
 liiey cainiijt ask more than 1 can give, may I 
 but reserve to myself the incommunicabli' jewel of 
 my conscience. King Charla. 
 
 Light without darkness is the incnnimunicMe 
 claim of him that dwells in light inaccessible. 
 
 Glanrille. 
 
 It was agreed on both sides, that there was one 
 supreme excellency, whicli was incommunicable to 
 any creature. Stilling Jieet. 
 
 2. Not to be expressed ; not to be toUl. 
 
 \either did be treat tlu-in with these peculiari- 
 ties of favour in the extraordinary <liscoveries of 
 the gospel only, but also of Ihun^' iticommiinicabte 
 revelations of the divine love, in reference t^t their 
 own personal interest in it. South. 
 
 Incommu'nicably. adv. [from incom- 
 municable.] In a manner not to be 
 imparted or communicated. 
 
 To annihilate is both in reason, and by the 
 consent of divines, as iiicommunicahlv the eiiect of 
 a power divine, and above nature, as is creation 
 itself. Hakeuiil on Provitipnce. 
 
 Incommi'mcating. adj. [in and com- 
 municating.] Having no intercourse 
 with each other. 
 
 The judgments and administrations of common 
 justice are preserved from that confusion that 
 would ensue, if the administration was by scveril 
 incommunicating hands, or by provincial establish- 
 ments, rittle's Common Lav: . 
 
 Incompa'ct. 7 «rf/. ['" ^"*' com- 
 Incompa'cted. 3 pacled.] Not join- 
 etl ; not cohering. 
 
 Salt, say they, is the basis of solidity and per- 
 manency in ctnupound bodies, without which Ihe 
 other four elements might be variously iiUiided, 
 but would remain incompacted. ' Boyle. 
 
 6G 
 
 961
 
 I N C 
 
 Ixco'mparable. adj, \inconip arable, 
 Fr. in and comparable.'] Excellent above 
 compare ; excellent beyond all competi 
 tion 
 
 My licurt would not sulTer me to omit any oc- 
 caiiiiii, whert'by I might make the iiicomparable 
 Pamclu see luiw much extraordinary devotion 1 
 bore to lier service. Sidney. 
 
 A most incomparable man, brenth'd as it were 
 Tu tin uiuiruble and cuntinuate trt.-odness. Shak. 
 
 Her words tio sliuw her wit incomparable, Shak. 
 Now this mask 
 Was cried incomparable, and th' eusuinir niglit 
 IMiide it a f<i(<l and bi'tigar. Shakcsp. Hewn VIII. 
 
 If 1 coidil leave this argument of ynur incompa- 
 rable biaiitVi 1 might turn to one which would 
 equally oppress me with its greatness. Dryden. 
 
 Inco'up AR ABhY. adv. [from incompa- 
 rable.] 
 
 1, Beyond comparison ; without competi- 
 tion. 
 
 A founder i( had, whom I think incomparahlp 
 the wisest man that ever the French clmrch did 
 enjoy, since the hour it enjoyed him. Hooker. 
 
 Self-preservation will olilTge a man voluntarily 
 to undergo any less evil, to secure himself but 
 from the probability of an evil incomparably greater. 
 
 South. 
 
 2. Excellently ; to the highest degree. A 
 low phrase. 
 
 There are the heads of Antoninus Pius, the 
 Faustinas, and Marcus Aurelius, all incomparablt] 
 well cut. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Incompa'ssionate. adj. [i7t and com- 
 passionate.] Void of pity ; void of ten- 
 derness. 
 
 Incompatibi'lity. n. s. [properly i?i- 
 coinpetibiliti/, in and cnmpetOy Lat.] In- 
 consistency of one thing with another. 
 
 He overcame that natural incompatibility, whicW 
 hatl) been noted between the vulgar and the so- 
 vereign favour. Wotton. 
 
 The reason of the stress rests rot upon the in- 
 compitibitity of excess of one infinitude above ano- 
 ther either in intension < r extension ; but the m- 
 cnmpetihility of any muUifude to be infinite. Hale. 
 
 Incompa'ticle. adj. [incompatible, Fr. 
 raliier incompcfibicf as it is sometimes 
 ■written ; in and competo, Lat.] 
 
 1. Inconsistent with something else ; such 
 as cannot subsist or cannot be possessed 
 toirether with something else : it is 
 followed by iviih. 
 
 Fortune aiui love have ever been so incomjmtible, 
 that it is no wonder, madam, if, having had so 
 much of the one for you, 1 have ever found so 
 little of the other for myself. Suckling-. 
 
 May not the outward expressions of Jove in 
 many good Cliristians be greater to some other 
 object than toGud? Or is this incompelihle with 
 the sincerity of the love of God ? Hammond. 
 
 We know those colours which have a friendship 
 ■with each other, and those wliich are incompatible, 
 by mixing together those colours of which we 
 ■would make trial. Dryden. 
 
 Sense I have proved to be incompatible uith 
 mere bodies, even those of the most compound 
 ?.ud elaborate textures. Bent. 
 
 2, It is used sometimes with to. 
 
 Tiie repugnancy of infinitude is eijually mcom- 
 petible to continued or successive motion, and de- 
 pends upon the incompossibility of things succes- 
 sive with infinitude. Hale. 
 
 Incompa'tibly. adv. [for incompetibly, 
 from incompatible.] Inconsistently. 
 
 Inco'mpetency. w. s. [incompetence, 
 Fr. from incompetent.] Inability ; want 
 of adequate ability or qualification. 
 
 Our not biing able to discern the motion of a 
 shadow of a dial-plate, or that of the index upon 
 a cluck, ought to make us sensible of the incompe- 
 
 I N C 
 
 teiicy of our e^-es to discern some motions of natu- 
 ral bodies incomparably slower tlian tlicse. Boyle. 
 
 Incompetent, ailj. [in and compe- 
 tent.] Not suitable ; not adequate ; not 
 proportionate. In the civil law it de- 
 notes some defect of right to do any 
 thinjcr. 
 
 Uicliard III. iiad a resolution, out of hatred to 
 his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and 
 incmiipelcnt pretexts, the one of attainder, the 
 other of illcgitimation. Bacon. 
 
 Every speck does not blind a man, nor does 
 every infirmity make one unable to discern, or in- 
 conipeteiit to reprove, the (irosser faults of others. 
 Gmeynmciit iij' the Tongue. 
 
 I thank vou fur the commission yo"u have given 
 me: how I have acquitted myself of it must be 
 left to the opinion of the world, in spight of any 
 protestation which I can enter against the present 
 age, as incompetent or corrupt judges. Dryden. 
 
 Laymen, with equal advantages of parts, are not 
 tlie most iiicompetent judges of sacred things. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 An equal attraction on all sides of all matter, is 
 just equal to no attraction at all ; and by this 
 'means all the motion in the universe must proceed 
 from external impulse alone, which is an incompe- 
 tent cause for the formation of a world. Bentley. 
 
 Inco'mpetently. adv. [from incom- 
 petent.] Unsuitably; unduly. 
 
 Incomple'te. o<//. [in and complete.] 
 Not perfect ; not finished. 
 
 It pleaselh him in mercy to account himself m- 
 ciTO/)/t'(f, and maimed without us. _ Hooker. 
 
 In incomplete ideas we are apt to impose on our- 
 selves, and wrangle with others, especially where 
 they have particular and familiar names. _ Locke. 
 
 Incomple'teness. n. s. [from incom- 
 plete^ Imperfection ; unfinished state. 
 
 Tlie incompleteness of our seraphick lover's hap- 
 piness, in his fruitions, proceeds not from their 
 wantof satisfactoriness, butof an intire possession. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Incompli'ance. n. s. [in and com- 
 plinnce.] 
 
 1. Untractableness ; impracticableness ; 
 contradictious temper. 
 
 Self-conceit produces peevishness and incim- 
 vlkince of humour in things lawful and indifferent. 
 
 Tillotsoii. 
 
 2. Refttsal of compliance. 
 
 Consider the vast disproportion between the 
 worst incimveniences that can attend our infom- 
 pliiince with men, and the eternal displeasure of an 
 otVended God. Sogei-s. 
 
 Incompo'sed. adj. [in and composed.] 
 Disturbed ; discomposed ; disordered. 
 Not much used. 
 
 Somew hat incomposed they are in their trimming, 
 and extraordinary tender of their young ones. 
 
 Howel. 
 
 Incompossibi'lity. n. s. [from incom- 
 pussible.] Quality of being not possible 
 but by the negation or destruction of 
 something ; inconsistency with some- 
 thing. 
 
 The manifold incompossibilitics and lubricities of 
 matter cannot have the same fitnesses in any mo- 
 dification. More. 
 
 Though the repusnancy of infinitude be equally 
 iiicompetible to continued or successive motion, 
 and depends upon the incompossibility of the very 
 nature of things successive or extensive with infi- 
 nitude, yet tiiat incompossiHUty is more conspicu- 
 ous ill discrete quantity, that ariseth from indivi- 
 duals already actually distinguished. 
 
 Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Incompo'ssible. adj. [in, con, and pos- 
 sible.] Not possible together ; not pos- 
 sible but by the negation of something 
 else. 
 
 INC 
 
 Incomprehensibi'lity. n. s. [incom' 
 prehensibiliti, Fr. from incomprehen- 
 sible.] Unconceiveableness ; superio- 
 rity to human understanding 
 
 Incomprehe'nsible. adj. [incompre- 
 hensible, Fr. in and comprehensible^ 
 
 1 . Not to be conceived ; not to be fully 
 understood. 
 
 His precepts fend to the improving and per- 
 fecting the most valuable part of us, and annexing 
 incomprehensible rewards as an eternal weight of 
 glory, Hammond. 
 
 Stars that seem to roll 
 Spaces incomprehensible. Milton. 
 
 One thing more is incomprehensible in this niatter. 
 
 Loche. 
 
 The laws of vegetation and propagation are the 
 arbitrary pleasure of God, and may vary in man- 
 ners incomprehensible to our imaginations. Bentley. 
 
 2. Not to be contained. Not now used. 
 
 Presence eve.y where is the sequel of an infi- 
 nite and incomprehensible substance ; for what caa 
 be every where but that which can no where be 
 comprehended ? Hooker. 
 
 Incomprehe'nsibleness. n. s. [from 
 incomprehensible.] Unconceivableness. 
 
 I might argue from God's incomprehensiblenesi; 
 if we could believe nothing but what we have 
 ideas of, it would be impossible for us to believe 
 God is incomprehensible. Watts. 
 
 Incomprehe'nsibly. adv. [from in- 
 comprehensible.] In a manner not to 
 be conceived. 
 
 \\ e cannot but he assured that the God, of 
 whom and from whom are all things, is incompre- 
 hensibly infinite. Locke. 
 
 Incompre'ssible. adj. [incompressible, 
 Fr. in and compressible.] Not capable 
 of being compressed into less space. 
 
 Hardness is the reason why water is incompres- 
 sible, when the air lodged in it is exhausted. 
 
 Cheyne, 
 
 Incompressibi'lity. n. s. [from in- 
 compressible.] Incapacity to be squeez- 
 ed into less room. 
 Inconcu'rring. adj. [in and concui:'] 
 Not concurring. 
 
 They derive effects not only from inconcurring 
 causes", but things devoid of all efiiciency. 
 
 Broum. 
 
 Inconce'alable. adj. [in and conceal.] 
 Not to be hid ; not to be kept secret. 
 
 The inconcealublc imperfections of ourselves will 
 hourly prompt us our corruption, and loudly tell 
 us we are sons of earth. Broun. 
 
 Inconce'ivable. adj. [inconceivable, 
 Fr. in and conceivable.] Incompre- 
 hensible; not to be conceived by the 
 
 mind. 
 
 Such are Christ's promises, divine inconceiuaiite 
 promises ; a bliss to be enjoyed to all eternity, and 
 that by way of return for a weak obedience of 
 
 some few years. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 It is inconceivable to me, that a spiritual sub- 
 stance should represent an extended figure. 
 
 Locke. 
 How two ethers can be diffused through all 
 space, one of which acts upon the other, and by 
 consequence is reacted upon, without retarding, 
 shattering, dispersing, and confounding one ano- 
 ther's motions, is inconceivable. 
 
 Ncu-ton's OptiCKS. 
 
 Inconce'ivably. adv. [from inconceiv- 
 able.] In a manner beyond compre- 
 hension ; to a degree beyond human 
 comprehension. 
 
 Does that man take a rational course to pre- 
 serve himself, who refuses the endurance of those
 
 I N C 
 
 lesser troubles, to secure himself from a condition 
 incoHceiiahlq more mistrable? South, 
 
 Inconce'ptible. a(/j, [in and ronnp- 
 tibie ; conceptusy Lat.] Not to be con- 
 ceived ; incomprehensible ; inconceiv- 
 able. A word not used. 
 
 It is inconceptihic Ikiw an^- such man, tliat iinlh 
 stood the shuck, of an eternal duratiuu witlioul 
 corruptiipn, should after be corrupted. Hale. 
 
 Inconcludent. ndj. [hi and conclu- 
 dens, Lat.] Inferring no consequence. 
 
 The depositions of witnesses themselves, as 
 being false, various, contrariant, single, J7ic<mf/u- 
 dait. Aqlijfv's Furcri^on. 
 
 Inconclusive, adj. [in anil conclitsin .] 
 Not enforcing any determination of the 
 mind; not exhibiting cogent evidence. 
 
 Inconclu'sively. adv. [from incon- 
 clusive.'] Without any sucli evidence 
 as determines the understanding. 
 
 iNCONCLu'siVENESS. n.s, [from incon- 
 clusive J] Want of rational cogency. 
 
 A man, unskilful in syllogism, at first henring, 
 could perceive the weakness arid mconclnsiienf&s 
 of a long, artificial, and plausible discourse, where- 
 with some others, better skilled in syllogism, have 
 been misled. Locke. 
 
 Inconco'ct. \^^j- U^^ ^^tl concoct.] 
 Inconco'cted. / Unripened; imma- 
 ture; not fully digested. 
 
 While the body, to be converted and altered, is 
 too strong for the etbcient that should convert it, 
 it is all that while crude and incojiroct ; and the 
 process is to be called cruidity and inconcoction. 
 
 Biicon, 
 I understand, remember, and reason better in 
 my riper years, than when I was acliild, and had 
 mj orgamcal parts less digested and inconcocted. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Inconco'ction. n.s, [from inccncoct.] 
 The state of being indigested ; unripe- 
 ness ; immaturity. 
 V The niiddlc action, which produceth such im- 
 perfect bodies, is lill^' called inquination, or iitcon- 
 coction, wliich is a kind of putrefaction. 
 
 Bacon s Natural HUtnry. 
 
 While the body, to be converted and altered, is 
 
 too stroiit^ for the etTu-itnt that should convert it, 
 
 it is all that while crude and inconcoct ; and the 
 
 process is to be called crudity and inconcoctwn . 
 
 Bacon. 
 Inco'ndite. adj. [incondiins, Lat.] Ir- 
 regular ; rude ; unpolished. 
 
 A'^ow sportive y(juth 
 Carol incondite rhimes with suiting notes. 
 And quaver inharmonious. PhUHj's. 
 
 Incondi'tional. adj. [in and condi- 
 tio7ial.] Without exception ; without 
 limitation ; without stipulation. 
 
 From that which is hut true in a qualified sense, 
 an inconditional and absolute verity is inferred. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Incondi'tionate. flcf;. [in and condi- 
 tion.] Not limited; not restrained by 
 any conditions ; absolute. 
 
 Tliey ascribe to God, in relation to every man, 
 an eternal, unchangeal<le, and inconditionate decree 
 of election or rej)ruhalion. Boule. 
 
 Inconfo'rmity, w, s. [in and confor- 
 mity ] Incompliance with the practice 
 of others. 
 
 We have thoui^ht their opinion to be, that utter 
 inconformitij with ifie church of Rome was not an 
 extremity wl.creunto we should be drawn for a 
 time, but the very mediocrity itself, wherein they 
 meant we should ever continue. Hooker. 
 
 Inconfd'sion. m. s. [in and confusion.] 
 Distinctness, Not used. 
 
 The cau<i.e of the confusion in sounds, and the 
 inconj'usion in species visible, is, for that the sight 
 
 I N 
 
 worketli in right lines, and so there can be no 
 cuii.cidence in ihe eye ; but sovmds that move in 
 ohli'pic and arcuate lines, nnist needs encounter 
 and disturb the one the other. liaron. 
 
 Inco'ngrtence. n. s. [in and congru- 
 ence.] Unsuitableness ; want of adapta- 
 tion. 
 
 iluuiidity is but relntiTe, and depends upon 
 the congruity or incongi ncnce of ihe cornpimcnt 
 particles of the liquor to the pores of the bodies it 
 touches. Boijle. 
 
 Incdngru'ity. n. s. [incongruite, Fr. 
 fi oni iraon^ruous.] 
 
 1. Unsmtableness of one thing to another. 
 
 The fatlu-rs make use of this acknowledgment 
 of tlie incnn^ruiti^ of images to tlie Deity, from 
 thence to prove the incongruity of the worship of 
 tliem. Stillinf^Jieet. 
 
 2. Inconsistency ; inconsequence ; absur- 
 dity ; impropriety. 
 
 To avoid ahsurdlties and iricongi'uities, is the 
 same law estahlislied for both arts : the painter is 
 not to paint a cloud at the bottom <»f a picture, 
 nor the poet to place wliat is proper to the end 
 in the beginning of a poem. Drydcn. 
 
 3. Disagreement of parts ; want of sym- 
 metry. 
 
 She, wiiora after what form soe'er we see. 
 Is discord and rude incongruity ; 
 She, she is dead, she's dead. Donne. 
 
 Inco'ngruous. adj, [i?icong7'u, Fr. in 
 and co7is:;ruou$.] 
 
 1, Unsuitable; not fitting. 
 
 \\'iser heathens condemned the worship of God 
 as incoiigruous to a divine nature, and a disparage- 
 ment tc( the deity. Stilling fleet. 
 
 2. Inconsistent; absurd. 
 Inco'ngruously. adv. [from incon- 
 gruous.] Improperly ; unfitly. 
 
 Inconne'xedly. adv. [in and conncx.] 
 Witliout any connexion or dependance. 
 Little used. 
 
 Others ascribed hereto, as a cause, what per- 
 haps but casually or inconnexedly succeeds. Brou'n. 
 
 Inco'nscionable. ff^//, [in and con- 
 scionable.] Void oi' the sense of good 
 and evil ; without influence of consci- 
 ence. Not used. 
 
 So inconscionnhle are these common peo[de, and 
 so little feeling have they of God, or their own 
 souls good. Spenser. 
 
 Inco'nsequence. n. s. [inconsequence, 
 Fr. iiiconsequenfia, Lat.] Inconclusive- 
 ness; want of just inference. 
 
 This he bestows the name of man^' fallacies 
 upon ; and runs on with shewing the iiiconseqnence 
 of it, as thuugh he did in earnest believe it were 
 an imperlinent answer. Siillingjiect. 
 
 Inco'n-sequent. adj. [in and conse- 
 qucns, Lat.] Without just conclusion ; 
 witliout regular inference. 
 
 The ground he assumes is unsound, and his il- 
 lation from thence deduced iiiconsequatt. 
 
 Hakeuili 
 
 Men rest not in false apprehensions withiait ab- 
 surd and inconsequent deductions from fallacious 
 foundations, and misapprehended mediums, erect- 
 ing conclusions no way inferrible from their pre- 
 mises. Brown s Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 Inconsi'derable. adj. [in and con- 
 siderahle,] Unworthy of notice ; un- 
 important ; mean ; of little value. 
 
 I am an inconsiderable fellow, and know jiolhing. 
 
 Denhiim. 
 
 The most inconsiderable of creatures may at some 
 time or other come to revenge itself upon the 
 greatest. L'llstran>;c. 
 
 Casting my eyes upon the ants, continuallv 
 taken up witfi a thousand cares, very inconsiderable 
 with respect to us, but of the greatest importance 
 
 I N C 
 
 for there, tliey appealed to me worlhy of my 
 curiosity. AdJiicn. 
 
 May not planets and comets perform their mo- 
 t'u)U!i more freely, and with less reMstance, In (hit 
 ethereal medium than in any Huid, which fills all 
 space adequately without leaving any pores, and 
 by consequence is much denser ilian quicksilver 
 or gold ? And may not its rebistance be so small 
 as to be inamsidiiahlc ? Arut<m, 
 
 If we were un<ler any real fear of tlie papists, it 
 would be hard lu think us su stupid not to l)e 
 ctpially apprehensive with others, since we are 
 likely lo be the greatest sulTerers ; but we look 
 upon them lo be altogether as inconstaeratle as the 
 women and children. Stril't. 
 
 Let no sin appear small or inamsiderahle by 
 which an almighty God is olfendcd, and elerniil 
 salvation endangered. liogers. 
 
 Inconsi'deraeleness. n. s. [from i«- 
 considei'able.] Small importiuice. 
 
 To those who are thoroughly ci^nvinced of the 
 inconsiderabtencss of this short dying life, in com- 
 parison of that eternal slate which remains for us 
 in another life, the consideration of a future hap- 
 piness is the most powerful ni tive. Tilhtson. 
 
 Fnmi the consirieration of our own smallncss 
 and inconsiderahlejtcss, in respect of the greatness 
 and splendor of heavenly bodies, let us with the 
 holy psalmist raise up our hearts. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 
 Inconsi'derate. adj. [inconsidert, Fr. 
 
 inconsideratns, Lat.] 
 
 1. Careless; thoughtless; negligent; in- 
 attentive ; inadvertent : used both of 
 men and things. 
 
 When thy inconsiderate hand 
 Flings ope this casement with my trembling name. 
 Then think this name alive, and that thou thus 
 In it oli'end'st my genius. Donne. 
 
 If yuu lament it. 
 That which now looks like justice will be thought 
 An inconsUlerate laslincss. Denham's Sophy, 
 
 It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, 
 that there should be auy so inconsiderate among us 
 as to sacrifice morality to poWuck^. Addis. FrechoUK 
 
 2. Wanting due regard ; with of before 
 the subject. 
 
 He who laid down his life for the redemption of 
 the transgressions, which were under the first Tes- 
 tament, cannot be so inconsiderate of our frailties. 
 
 Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Inconsi'derately. adv. [from incon" 
 sidcrate.] Negligently ; thoughtlessly; 
 inattentively. 
 
 The king, transported with just wrath, inconn- 
 (/erfl£f/_u fiiihung and precipitating the charge, be- 
 fore his whole numbers came up, was slain in the 
 jiursuit. B con. 
 
 Joseph was delighted with Mariamne's conver- 
 sation, and endeavoured with all his art to set "Ut 
 the excess of Herod's passion for her; but when 
 he still found her cold and incredulous, lie incoi^i* 
 derately told her the private orders be left behind, 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Inconside'rateness. m. s. [from in- 
 considerate.] Carelessness ; thought- 
 lessness ; negligence ; want of thought ; 
 inadvertence ; inattention. 
 
 If men do know and believe that there is such 
 a being as God, not to demean ourselves towards 
 him, as becomes our relation to him, is great stu- 
 pidity and incousidcrateness. Tiliotsim. 
 
 Inconsidkka'tu)N. n. s. [inconsidna" 
 
 tion, Fr. in and consideration.] Want 
 
 of thouglit ; inattention ; inadvertence. 
 
 S. Gregory reckons uncleanness to be the pa- 
 rent of Miiidness of mind, inconsideratton, precipi- 
 tancy or giddiness in actions, and self-love. 
 
 Tu \jtor. 
 
 Inconsi'sting. adj. [in and consist.] 
 Not consistent; incompatible with. Not 
 used. 
 
 068
 
 I X c 
 
 Tlie persons and actions of a farce are all uinia 
 tural, and the maimers false; that is, inconsisting 
 with tile characters jf mankind. Drijden's Dtifies. 
 
 Inconsistence. Iw. «. [from incoii- 
 Inconsi'stencv. y shtuit.'\ 
 
 1. Sucli opposition as that one proposi- 
 tion infers the negation of the other ; 
 such contrariety that both cannot be 
 together. 
 
 'J'licre is a perfect inconslsttnc-q between that 
 which isof debt, and that which is of free gift, Sml/i. 
 
 2. Absurdity in argument or narration ; 
 argument or narrative, where one utut 
 destroys the other; sclf-contradictiir. 
 
 3. Incongruity. 
 
 IMutability of temper, and inco/ufrtenci/with our- 
 selves, is the greatest weakness of human nature. 
 
 Addistm. 
 
 If a man would register all his opinions u|)on 
 love, politics, religion and learning, what a bundle 
 of iitcimsisteiicies and contradictions would a))ite;ir 
 at last. _ Sw'ijt. 
 
 4. Unsteadiness ; changeableness. 
 Inconsi'stent. cr//. [in and consistent.] 
 
 1 . Incompatible ; not suitable ; incongru- 
 ous : followed by with. 
 
 Finding no kind of compliance, but sharp pro- 
 testations against the demands, as inconsistent with 
 conscience, justice, or religion, the cimference 
 broke otf. Clarendon. 
 
 Compositions of this nature, wlieu thus restrain- 
 ed, shew that wisdom and virtue are far from 
 being inconsistent with politeness and good humour. 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 2. Contrary, so as that one infers the ne- 
 gation or destruction of the other. 
 
 The idea of an infinite space or duration is very 
 obscure and confused, because it is made up of 
 two parts very dillerent, if not inconsistent. Locke. 
 
 3. Absurd ; having parts of which one de- 
 stroys the other. 
 
 Inconsi'stently. ndv. [from inco7i- 
 sisteiit.'] Absurdly ; incongruously ; 
 with self-contr.idiction. 
 
 Inco'nsolaele. adj. [inconsohibh, Fr. 
 in and cansiJe.] Not to be comforted ; 
 sorrowful beyond susceptibility of com- 
 fort. 
 
 Her women will represent to me that she is in- 
 
 Consolabk, by reason of my imkindness. Addistin 
 
 They take jileasure in an obstinate grief, in reji- 
 
 dering themselves inconsolable. Fiddes's Sermoti. 
 
 Inco'nsonancy. n. s. [in and conson- 
 fl«fj/.] Disagreement with itself. 
 
 IncONSPi'cuous. (idj. [in and conspini- 
 otis.] Indiscernible ; not perceptible 
 by the sight. 
 
 When au excellent experimenter had taken 
 pains in accurately filling up a tube of mercury, 
 we found that yet there remained store of inconsf'i- 
 cuons bubbles. Boijle. 
 
 Inco'nstancy. n. s. [i7iconsta7itia, Lat. 
 inconstance, Fr. from inconstunl.] 
 
 1. Unsteadiness; want of steady adher- 
 ence ; mutability of temper or affection. 
 
 I have sufi'ered more for tlieir sakes, more than 
 the villainous inconstancy of man is able to hear. 
 
 Shukesp. 
 Be made the mark 
 For all the people's hate, the princess' curses. 
 And his son's rage, or the old king's inconstancy. 
 
 Denhani. 
 
 Irresolution on the schemes of life which oiler 
 
 to our choice and inconstajicy in pursuing them are 
 
 the greatest causes of all our unhappiness. Addison. 
 
 2. Diversity ; dissimilitude. 
 
 As much inconsta7icif and confusion is there in 
 llieir mixtures or combinations; fur it is rare to 
 find any of tliein pure and uiimixt. Woodteard. 
 
 I N C 
 
 INCO'NSTANT. adj. [inconstant, Fr. 
 incon.slans, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Not firm ill resolution ; not steady in af- 
 fection ; various of inclination ; wanting 
 perseverance : of persons. 
 
 He is so naturally inconstant, that I marvel his 
 soul finds not some way to kill his b.xly. Sidneij. 
 
 2. Changeable; mutable; variable: of 
 things. 
 
 O swe.ir not by tlie moon, th' inconstant moon. 
 That nionthtv changes in her circled orb. 
 Lest tliat thy love prove likewise variable. Shah. 
 
 Inconsu'mable. adj. [in and consume.] 
 Not to be wasted. 
 
 By art were weaved napkins, shirts, and coats, 
 inconsnmahle by fire, and wherein they burnt the 
 bodies of kings. Brown. 
 
 fNCONSli'MPTlBLE. adj. [in and con- 
 swnptvs, Lat.] Not to be spent ; not 
 to be brought to an end ; not to be de- 
 stroyed by fire. This seems a more ele- 
 gant word than inconsumable. 
 
 Before I iiive any answer to this objection of 
 pretended inconsum'ptible lights, I would gladly see 
 the efiect undoubtedly proved. Digby on Badies. 
 
 Inconte'stable. adj. [incontestable, 
 Fr. in and contest.] Not to be disputed; 
 not admitting debate ; uncontrovertible. 
 
 Our own beiuii furnishes us willi an evident and 
 incontestable proof of a Deity ; and I believe no 
 body can avoid the cogency of it, who will care- 
 fully attend to it. Locke. 
 
 Inconte'stably. adv. [from incon- 
 testable.] Indi.sputably ; uncontrovcrli- 
 bly. 
 
 Inconti'guous. adj. [in and contigu- 
 ous.] Not touching each other ; not 
 joined together. 
 
 They seemed part of small bracelets, consisting 
 of et|ually little ijicontignous beads. Boyle. 
 
 Inco'ntinence. In.s. [incontinentia, 
 Inco'ntinency. I Lat. in and co7iti- 
 nencc] Inability to restrain the appe- 
 tites ; unchastity. 
 
 The cognizance of her incimtinency 
 Is this ; she hath bought the name of whore thus 
 dearly. Stuikesp. 
 
 But beauty,' like the fair Hesperian tree, 
 Baden with blooming gold, had need the guard 
 Of dragon-watch with uninehanted eye, 
 To save her blossoms, and defend her fi uit 
 From the rash hand of Ijold incontinence. Milton. 
 
 This is niy defence : 
 I pleas'd myself, I shinin'd incontinence. 
 And, urg'd by strong desires, indulg'd my sense. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The word sine ve'.te Dianom agree better wiih 
 Livia, who had the fame of chastity, than with 
 either of the Julias, who were both noted of in- 
 continency. Dryden. 
 
 Inco'ntinent. adj. [incontinens, Lat. 
 in and continent.] 
 
 1. Unchaste; indttlging unlawful pleasure. 
 
 In these degrees have they made a pair of stairs 
 to marriage, whicli they will climb incontine7it, or 
 else be incontinent before marriage. Sliakesp. 
 
 Alen shall be lovers of their own selves, false 
 accusers, incontinent, fierce. 2 Tim. iii. 3. 
 
 2. .Shunning delay ; immediate. This is 
 a meaning now obsolete. 
 
 Thev ran towards the far rebounded noise. 
 To weet what wight so loudly did lament ; 
 Unto the place they came incontinent. Fairy Queen. 
 
 Come, mourn with me for what I do lanient. 
 And jmt on sullen black incontinent. Shak. liic. II. 
 
 He says he will return incontinent. Shakesp. 
 
 Inco'ntinently. adv, [from incon- 
 tinent.] 
 
 I N C 
 
 1. Unchastely ; without restraint of the 
 appetites. 
 
 2. Immediately ; atonce. An obsolete sense. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 The cause of this war is no other than that we 
 wUI not incontinently submit ourselves to our 
 neighbours. llayward. 
 
 Incmitinently 1 left Madrid, and have becii dog- 
 ged and waylaid through several nations. 
 
 Arbnthnot and Popt. 
 
 Incontrove'rtible. adj. [in and con- 
 trovertible.] Indisputable; not to be 
 disputed. 
 
 Incontrove'etibly. adv. [from in- 
 controrertible.] To a degree beyond 
 controversy or dispute. 
 
 The Hebrew isincontroeeriilily the primitive and 
 surest text to rely upon ; and to preserve the same 
 uncorrupt, there hath been used the highest caution 
 humanity could invent. Brown's ] utg. Errours. 
 
 Inconve'nience. in.s. [inconvenient, 
 Inconve'niency. J Fr.] 
 
 1. Unfitness ; inexpedience. 
 
 They plead against the inconvenience, not the 
 unlawfulness of popish apparel ; and ai;ainst the 
 inconvenience, not the unlawfulness of ceremonies 
 in burial. Hooker. 
 
 2. Disadvantage ; cause of uneasiness ; 
 difficulty. 
 
 There is a place upon the top of mount Athos 
 above all clouds of rain, or other inconvenience. 
 
 Raleigh's History, 
 
 IMan is liable to a great many inconietiiences 
 every moment, and is continually unsecure even 
 of life itself. Titlotson. 
 
 The inconvenience of old age makes him incapa- 
 ble of corporal pleasures. Dryden. 
 
 Would not quickness of sensation be an i'ncot- 
 venience to an animal, that must lie still where 
 chance has once placed it } Locke. 
 
 (- onsider tiie disproportion between the worst 
 inconveniences that attend incompliance with men, 
 and the eternal displeasure of God. Rogers. 
 
 We are freed from many inconveniences, and we 
 enjoy several advantages. Atterbury. 
 
 The things of another world, being distaiit, 
 operate but faintly upon us: to remedy this ia- 
 conveniency, we must frequently revolve "llieir cer- 
 tainly and iiujiortance. Atterbury. 
 
 Inconve'nient. adj. [inco7ivenient, Fr. 
 in and cimvcniens, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Incommodious ; disadvantageous. 
 
 They lean to llieir old customs, though they be 
 more unjust, and more inconvenient for the com- 
 mon people. Sptjiser on Ireland. 
 
 He knows that to be inconvenient, which we 
 falsely think convenient for us. Sinalridge. 
 
 2. Unfit ; inexpedient. 
 
 We are not to look that the church should 
 change her publick laws, allhouijh it chance that 
 for some particular men the same be found incon- 
 venient, especially when there may be other re- 
 medy against particular inconveniences. Hooker. 
 
 Inconve'niently. adv. [from incon- 
 venient.] 
 
 1. Unfitly; incommodiously. 
 
 2. Unseasonably. Ainsworth: 
 Inconve'rsable. adj. [i?i and conver- 
 sable.] Incommunicative ; ill qualified 
 by temper for conversation ; unsocial. 
 
 He is a ]ierson very inconversable. More. 
 
 Inconvertible, adj. [in and conver- 
 tible] Not transmutable ; incapable 
 of change. 
 
 It entereth not the veins, but taketh leave of 
 the perineant parts, and acconipanieth the incoji- 
 vertible jjorlion unto the siege. Brown. 
 
 Inconvi'ncible. adj. [in and convin- 
 cible.] Not to be convinced; not ca- 
 pable of conviction. 
 
 CG4
 
 I X c 
 
 iNroxv'lNCiBLY. adi\ [from inconrin'- 
 cible.] Without admitting conviction. 
 
 It is injuriuus uiUo knoHtedgeobstinateJv and, 
 inconvinciblv to side with any one. Ihown. 
 
 Inco'nv. ftdj. [perhaps from in unci 
 co7in to know.] 
 
 1. Unlearned ; artless, Tliis sense is un- 
 certain. 
 
 2. In Scotland it denotes mischievously 
 unlucky : as, he's an inconi/ fellow. 
 Tliis seems to be the meaning o£Shake- 
 sptart\ 
 
 O' my troth, most sweet jests, mosttnctmy Tulgar 
 wit, 
 'When it comes so smoothly oiF. Sliakeip. 
 
 Inco'uporal. fu/J, [in and corporaf.] 
 Immaterial ; distinct from matter ; dis- 
 tinct from body. 
 
 WUy do'st thou bend thine eye on vacancy, 
 And with tb' incorptn-ai air do'si hold discourse ? 
 
 Shahesp. 
 
 Leanit'd men have not resolved us whether light 
 be corporal or incorporal : corpora! they say it can- 
 not bt, btcause then it would neither pierce the 
 nir, nor solid diapliouous bodies, and ^et every 
 day we see the air illi|?,htened : incorporal h can- 
 nut he, because sometimes it aiiecteth the sight 
 with oticnce. Rafeigh. 
 
 Incokpora'lity. n, «. [incorporalitt, 
 
 Fr. from incorpoj^al.] Immaterialness ; 
 
 distinctness from body. 
 lNCo'RPORALLY.fl«/r. [from mcorporal.] 
 
 Without matter ; immaterially. 
 To INCOllPORATE. u. a, [incorporer, 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To mini^le different ingredients so as 
 tliey shall make one mass. 
 
 A fifiecnlh part of silver, inctrrporate with gold, 
 will not be recovered, except you put a oeater 
 quantity of silver to draw to it the less. Bacon. 
 
 Whu'he swelling clouds in bladders ties. 
 To ijuliifv the stubborn clods with rain, 
 And scalter'd dust incorporate again ^ Sandys. 
 
 2. To conjoin inseparably, as one body. 
 
 Villainous thoughts, Roderigo, when tiiese mu- 
 tualities so marshal the way, hard at hand comes 
 Uie master and maiij exercise, the ijicorporate cou- 
 clu&iou. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 By your leaves, you shall not stay alone, 
 Tilfholy church hicorporate two in one. Shahesp. 
 
 Upon my knees 
 Ichartn you, by that great vow 
 \N hich did incorporate and make us one. Shahesp. 
 
 Death and 1 
 Arc found ett-rnal, and inarrporate both. Milton. 
 S. To fonn into a corporation, or body po- 
 litick. In this sense they say in Scotland, 
 the incorporate trades in any community. 
 
 Theap stleaflirmetb plainl3'of all men christian, 
 that be they Jews <ir Gentiles, bond or fee, thev 
 are all incorporated into one company, they alt 
 ni;ikc but one body. Hoohtr. 
 
 The same is incorifOrnted with a majoralty, and 
 naiiiC'ih buroesses to parliament. Carew. 
 
 4. To unite ; to associate. 
 
 It is Casca, one incorporate 
 lo our attempts. Shakesp. Julius Cesar. 
 
 Your most grave belly was deliberate, 
 ^"ot rash, like his accusers, and thus answer'd : 
 True is it, m^' incorporate friends, quotli he. 
 That I receive the general food at first, 
 \\hich vou do live up'>n. Shakesp. Coriolamis. 
 
 The Romans did not subdue a country to put 
 the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorpo- 
 rate them into their own Cummuuit3-. Addis. Freeh. 
 
 5. To work into anotlier mass. 
 
 All this learning is ignoble and mechanical 
 amon^ them, and the Confutian only essential 
 and incorporate in their government. Temple. 
 
 6. To embody ; to five a material form. 
 
 Courtesy, that seemed incorporated in his heart, 
 
 I N C 
 
 would nut be persuaded by danger to offer anv 
 olFi'Mce Sidnty- 
 
 The idolatfts, who worshipped their imsiits a^ 
 gods, siippo&ed some spirit to l>e inciyrpertJte't iherc- 
 111, and iu to make together with it a person fit tu 
 receive worship. StiUingfieet. 
 
 To Inco'rforate. v. n. 
 
 1 . To unite with somethinjir else. It is com- 
 monly followed by u-ilh. 
 
 Painters colours and ashes do better \nc<^rjKrrptc 
 with nil. linam. 
 
 It is iKit universallv true, that acid sait^ and 
 oils will not incffrporate or mingle. Boyle. 
 
 Tliy soul 
 In real darkness of the ho<\j dwells. 
 Shut out from outwar<l light, 
 T' incoq)oratt icith gloomy night. ilUhm. 
 
 2. Sometimes it has itt/o. 
 
 It fni(is the mind i>nprepossessed with any 
 former notions, aiul so easily yains upon the assent, 
 gro\vs up uith it, and incorporatrx inio it. i-i'-f'i. 
 
 Incorporate, adj. [in and corporate.] 
 Immaterial; unbodied, lliis is now 
 disused to avoid confusion, incorporate 
 being rather used of things mingled. 
 
 Mrises forebore to speak of angels, and things 
 invisible and ijicorporate. Balei^h. 
 
 Intorpora'tion. n.s. [incorporation, 
 Fr. from incorporate^ 
 
 1. Union of divers ingredients in one mass. 
 
 ^lake proof of the incorporation of iron mth 
 flint; fur if it can be inCL»rpurated without over 
 great charge, the cheapness of the flint doth make 
 the compound stuif profitable. Bacon. 
 
 This, with some little additional, may further 
 the intrinsick incorporation. Bacon $ i^at. Hist. 
 
 2. Formation of a body politick. 
 
 3. Adoption ; union ; association : with into. 
 
 In bira we actually are, by our actual incorpo- 
 ration into that society which hath him for their 
 licad. Hfioker. 
 
 Incorpo'real. adj. [incorporalis, Lat. 
 incorporel, Fr. in and corporeal^ Im- 
 material; unbodied. 
 
 It is a virtue uhich maybe called incorporeal . 
 and iramateriate, whereof "there be in nature but 
 few. Bacon. 
 
 Thus incorporeal spirits to smalleit forms 
 Reduc'd their shapes immense. Milton. 
 
 .Sense and perception must necessarily proceed 
 from some incorporeal substance within us.Bentley. 
 
 Incorpo'really. adv. [from incor- 
 poreal.] Immaterially ; without body. 
 
 Hearing striketh the spirits more immediately 
 than the other senses, and more incorjjoreatly tiian 
 the smelling. Bacon. 
 
 Incorpo'reity. n. s. [in and corporeity.] 
 Immateriality ; distinctness from body. 
 
 To Inco'rpse. v. a. [in and coi-pse.] 
 To incorporate ; to unite into one body. 
 Not used. 
 
 He grew unto his seat. 
 As he had been incorps'd and demv-natur'd 
 \^'ith the brave horse. Shakcsj). Hamlet. 
 
 Incorre'ct. arf/. [in and co7-recf.] Not 
 nicely finished ; not exact ; inaccurate ; 
 full of faults. 
 
 The piece you think is incorrect: why take it ; 
 I'm all submission ; what vou'd have it, make it. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Incorre'ctly. adv. [from inco7-rcct.] 
 Inaccurately ; not exactly. 
 
 Incorrectness, n.s. [in nnd correct- 
 ness.] Inaccuracy; want of exactness. 
 
 Inco'rrigible. adj. [incorigible, Fr. 
 in and corrigible.] 
 
 1 . Bad beyond correction ; depraved beyond 
 atiiendment by any means ; erroneous be- 
 yond hope of instruction : of persons. 
 
 INC 
 
 Pfvok'd by those inc*rrrii:ihte fools, 
 1 left declaiming in pedaniicn schools. Dryden. 
 
 \\ hilst we are incorrif^te, God may in vcc- 
 geatice continue to chastise us with the judiiment 
 of war. &nutridge. 
 
 Thtr most violent party-men are such a* tia*e 
 discovered least sense of religion or morality ; and 
 when such are laid aside, as shall be found incor' 
 ri^bU, it will be iio dilficulty to recuucile the 
 re-t. Sir;)t, 
 
 2. Not capable of amendment : of things. 
 
 The loss is niaT,y times irrecoverable, and the 
 inconvenience inciyrrif;ibte. More's Dii-ine Diatoguet. 
 
 What are their thoughts uf tilings, but variety 
 of inrr7rri^'6/e error ? L'Kitrange, 
 
 Inco'rrigibleness. n. s. [from inci r- 
 ri'rible.] Hopele.«s depravity ; batlness 
 beyond all means of amendment. 
 
 What we call penitence becomes a sad attcsU- 
 tion oi our incarrigibleneis. Decay of Fiety. 
 
 I would not have chiding used, much less blows, 
 'till obstancy and incorri^lencsi make it absolute- 
 ly necessary. Li>:ke. 
 
 Inco'rrigibly. adv. [from incorrigi- 
 ble.] To a degree of depra\ity bej'ond 
 all means of amendment. 
 
 Some men appear incorrigibly mad. 
 They cleanliness and company renounce. Tloicornm. 
 
 Incorru'pt. \odj. [in and corruptus, 
 Incorru'pted. j Lat. incorrompu, Fr.] 
 
 1. Freefiom foulness or depravation. 
 
 Sin, that lirst 
 Distem|)er'd all tilings, and, of imr«rrupt. 
 Corrupted. Hilton s Paradue Lost. 
 
 2. Pure of manners ; honest ; good. It is 
 particularly' apphed to a mind above the 
 power of bribes. 
 
 Incorruptibi'lity. 71. s. [incorrupti- 
 bilite, Fr. from incorruptible.] Insus- 
 ceptibility of comiption ; incapacity of 
 decay. 
 
 Phiio, in his book of the world's incorruplitiiiti;, 
 alledgeth the verses of a Greek tnigick poet./fjtoc. 
 
 Incorru'ptible. adj. [incorruptible, 
 Fr. in and corruptible.] Not capable 
 of corruption ; not admitting decay 
 
 In such abundance lies our choice. 
 As leaves a great store of fruit untouch'd. 
 Still hanging iiifcrrup(ii(e. iliUm's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptiWe 
 and immortal substances, our souls be entertained 
 with the most ravishing objects, and both con- 
 tinue I'appy throughout all eternity. Wake. 
 Inoorrl PTION. n. s. [incorruption, 
 Fr. in and corruption.'] Incapacity of 
 corruption. 
 
 So also is the resurrection of the dead : it is sown 
 in Corruption, it is raised in inn'mip!i.'ii. 1 Cor. 
 
 Incorrl'ptness. n. s. [in and corrupt.] 
 
 1. Purity of manners ; honesty ; integrity. 
 
 Probity of mind, integrity, and incomptness u( 
 manners, is preferable to line parts and subtile 
 speculations. H'oodicard. 
 
 2. Freedom from decay or degeneration. 
 To I NCR ASS ATE. V. a. [itt and crassv.f, 
 
 Lat.] To thicken ; the contrary to at- 
 tenuate. 
 
 If the cork be too light to sink under the sur- 
 face, the body of water may be attenuated w itU 
 spirits of wine; if two heovy, it may be incriu- 
 sated with salt. Broirn's Vu'gar Krrin.-'i. 
 
 Acids dissolve oratteiiua.c, alcalies inKripitate 
 or incrassdie Xeuton's Opticas. 
 
 Acids, such as are austere, a5uuri|>e fruits, pro- 
 duce too great a stricture ofthetiores, incroisaie 
 and coagulate tlie tiuids; from whence pains ^.nd 
 rheumatism. .li bath not. 
 
 Incrassa'tion. n. s. [from incrassate.] 
 
 1. The act of thickening. 
 
 2. The state ot growing thick. 
 
 0C«
 
 I N C 
 
 Nothing doth conglaciate but water; for the 
 determination of quicl^silver is fixation, tliat of 
 milk coagulation, and tliat of oil incrassation. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Incra'ssative. v. s. [from incrassale.] 
 Having the quality of thickening. 
 
 The two latter inrlicate ri-stringents to stencil, 
 and incrassatives to thicken the blood. Harveij. 
 
 To Incre'ase. v. n. [in and cresco, Lat.] 
 
 1. To grow more in number, or greater in 
 bulk ; to advance in quantity or value, 
 or in any quality capable of being more 
 or less. 
 
 Hear and observe to do it, that it may be well 
 with thee, and that ye may increase mightily. 
 
 Dent. vi. 3. 
 
 Profane and vain babbling will ir.crcase unto 
 ungodliness. 2 Tim. ii. 16. 
 
 From fifty to threescore he loses not much in 
 fancy, and judgment, the eft'ect of observation, 
 still 'increases. Dri/rfcn. 
 
 Henry, in knots, involv'd his Emma's nanie 
 Upon tills tree ; and, as the tender mark. 
 Grew with the year, and widen'd with the bark : 
 Venus had heard the virgin's soft address. 
 That as the wound the passion might increase. Prior. 
 
 2. To be fertile. 
 
 Fishes are more numerous or increasing than 
 beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous 
 spawn. Hale. 
 
 To Increa'se. v. a. [See Encrease.] 
 To make more or greater. 
 
 Hye thee from this slaughter-house. 
 Lest thou increase the number of the dead. Shah. 
 
 He liuth increased in Judah mourning and la- 
 mentation. Saia. 
 
 I will increase the famine. Esefc. v. 16. 
 
 1 will increase them with men like a flock. 
 
 ILzek. xxxvi. 
 
 It serves to increase that treasure, or to preserve 
 it. Temple. 
 
 Incre'ase. v. n. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. Augmentation ; the state of growing 
 more or greater. 
 
 For three years he liv'd with large increase 
 In arms of honour, and esteem in peace. Dri/den. 
 
 Hail, bards triumphant! born in happier days. 
 Whose honours with increase of ages grow, 
 As streams roll down, enlarging as they flow. Pope. 
 
 2. Increment ; that which is added to the 
 original stock. 
 
 Take thou no usury of him nor increase. Levit. 
 
 3. Produce. 
 
 The increase of the threshing-floor, and the in- 
 crease of the wine-press. Nnml) 
 
 As Hcsiod sings, spread waters o'er thy field. 
 And a most just and glad increase 'twill yield. 
 
 Denham 
 
 Those grains which grew produced an increase 
 beyond expectation. Mortimer s Husbandry. 
 
 4. Generation. 
 
 Into her womb convey sterility ; 
 Dry up in her the organs of increase. 
 And from her derogate body never spring a babe. 
 
 Hhakesp. 
 
 5. Progeny. 
 
 All the increase of thy house shall die in the 
 flower of their age. Samuel. 
 
 Him young Thoasa bore the bright increase 
 Of PhoVcys. Po;jf's_ Odyssev. 
 
 6. The state of wa.xing, or growing full 
 oibed. Used of the moon. 
 
 ■jeeds, hair, nails, hedges and herbs, will grow 
 soonest, if set or cut in the increase of the nioou. 
 Bacon s Natural History. 
 
 Incre'aser. m. s. [from increase] He 
 
 who increases. 
 Increa'ted. adj. Not created. 
 
 Since the desire is infinite, nothing but the ab- 
 solute and iiicrealed Infinite can adequately fill it. 
 
 'Cheque. 
 
 Incredibi'lity. n, s. [incriflibiliti, Fr.] 
 The quality of surpassing belief. 
 
 T N C 
 
 For objects of incredibility, none arc so removed 
 from all appearance of truth as those of C'onieille's 
 Andromede. _ _ Vryden. 
 
 Incre'dible. adj. [incredibilis, Lat.] 
 Suqiassing belief; not to be credited. 
 
 The ship Argo, that there might want no iji- 
 credihle thing in this fahle, spoke to them. Raleigh. 
 
 Presenting things imi'ossilile to view, 
 They wander through increditde to true. Granville. 
 
 Incre'dibleness. n.s. [from incrediOk.] 
 
 Quality of being not credible. 
 Incre'dibly. adv. [from incredible.] 
 
 In a manner not to be believed. 
 Incre'dulity. n. s. [incredulite, Fr.] 
 
 Quality of not believing; hardness of 
 
 belief. 
 
 He was more large in the description of Para- 
 dise, to take away all scruple from the incredulity 
 of future ages. Raleigh. 
 
 Incre'dulous. adj. [incredule, Fr. in- 
 credulus, Lat.] Hard of belief j re- 
 fusing credit. 
 
 1 am not altogether incredulous but there may 
 be such candles as are made of salamander's wool, 
 being a kind of mineral which whiteneth in the 
 burning, and consunieth not. Bacon. 
 
 Incre'dulousness. n. s. [from incre- 
 dulous.] Hardness of belief ; incredu- 
 lity. 
 
 Incre'mable. adj. [in and cremo, Lat.] 
 Not consumable by fire. 
 
 If from the skin of the salamander these incre- 
 muble pieces are composed. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Increment, n. s. [incrementum, Lat.] 
 
 1. Act of growing greater. 
 
 Divers conceptions are concerning the Nile's 
 increment, or inundation. Brown's Vulg. En: 
 
 2. Increase ; matter added. 
 
 This stratum is expanded at top, serving as the 
 seminary that furnisheth matter fur the formation 
 and increment of animal and vegetable bodies. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 3. Produce. 
 
 The orchard loves to wave 
 With Winter winds: the loosen'd roots then drink 
 Large increment, earnest of happy years. Phillips. 
 
 To I'ncrepate. 11. a. [increpo, Lat.] 
 
 To chide ; to reprehend. 
 Increpa'tion. n. s. [increpatio, Lat.] 
 
 Reprehension; chiding. 
 
 The admonitions, fra(ernal or paternal, of his 
 fellow Christians, or of the governors of the church, 
 then more publick reprehensions and increpations. 
 
 Hammond . 
 
 To Incru'st. \ V. a. [inctuato, Lat. 
 
 To Incru'state. t inausler, Fr.] _To 
 
 cover with an additional coat adhering 
 
 to the internal vnatter. 
 
 The finer part of the wood will be turned into 
 air, and the grosser stick baked and incrustate upon 
 the sides of thr vessel. Bacon. 
 
 Some rivers bring forth spars, and other mineral 
 matter so as to cover and incrustihc stones. Tl'ooau'. 
 
 Save but our army ; and let Jove incrust 
 Swords, pikes, aiid"guns, with everlasting rust. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Any of these sun-like bodies in the centers of 
 the several vortices, are so incrustaled and weaken- 
 ed as to be carried about in the vorte.« of the true 
 sun. , Cheyue. 
 
 The shield was purchased by Woodward, who 
 incrusted it with a new rust. Arbuthnot and Pope 
 
 Incrustation, n. s. [incrustation, Fr. 
 from incrusto, Lat.] An adherent co- 
 vering ; something superinduced. 
 
 Having such a prodigious stock of marble, their 
 
 chapels are laid over with such a rich variety of 
 
 incrustations as cannot be found in any other part. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 INC 
 
 7o I'ncubate. v. n. [incubo, Lat] To 
 
 sit upon eggs. 
 Incuba'tion. n. s. [incubation, Fr. in- 
 cubatio, Lat.] The act of sitting upon 
 eggs to hatch them. 
 
 Whether that vitality was by incubation, or 
 how else, is only known to God. Raleigh. 
 
 Birds have eggs enough at first conceived in 
 them to serve tnem, allowing such a proportioa 
 for every year as will serve for one or two incuba- 
 tions. Ray. 
 
 When the whole tribe of birds by incubation 
 produce their young, it is a wonderful deviation, 
 that some few families should do it in a more no- 
 vercal way. Derham. 
 
 As the white of an egg by incubation, so can 
 the serum by the action of the fibres be attenuat- 
 ed. ' Arbuthnot. 
 
 I'ncubus. w. s. [Lat. incafte, Fr.] The 
 nightmare. 
 
 The incubus is an inflation of the membranes 
 of the stomach, which hinders the motion of the 
 diaphragiua, lungs, and pulse, with a sense of a 
 weight oppressing the breast. Floyer. 
 
 To INCULCATE, v. a. [inculco, Lat, 
 inculqtar, Fr.] To impress by frequent 
 admonitions ; to enforce by constant re- 
 petition. 
 
 IManifcst truth may deserve sometimes to beijj- 
 culcated, because we are too apt to forget it. Atterh. 
 
 Homer contuiually inculcates morality and piety 
 to the gods. Broome's Notes to Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Inculca'tion. n. s. [from inculcate.'] 
 The act of impressing by frequent ad- 
 monition ; admonitory repetition. 
 
 Incu'lt. adj. [inculte, Fr. incultus, 
 Lat.] Uncultivated ; untilled. 
 
 Her forests huce, 
 Incult, robust and tall, by Nature's liand 
 Planted of old. Thomson's Autumn. 
 
 Incu'lpable. adj. [in and culpabilis, 
 Lat.] Unblameable ; not reprehen- 
 sible. 
 
 Ignorance, so far as it may be resolved into na- 
 tural inability, is, as to men, at least inculpable, 
 and consequently not the object of scorn, but pity. 
 
 South. 
 
 Incu'lpably. adv. [in and culpabilis, 
 Lat.] Unblameably ; without blame. 
 
 As to errors or infirmities, the frailty of man's 
 condition has invincibly, and therefore inculpably, 
 exposed him. South. 
 
 Incu'mbency. n. s. [from incumbent.] 
 
 1. The act of lying upon another. 
 
 2. The state of keeping a benefice. 
 
 These fines are only to be paid to the bishop, 
 during his inrumhotcy in the same see. Suijt. 
 
 INCUMBENT, adj. [incvmbe7is, Lat.] 
 
 1. Resting upon ; lying upon. 
 
 Then w'^ilh expanded wings he steers bis flight 
 Alofl, incumbent on the dusky air. 
 That felt unusual weight. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 The ascending parcels of air, having now little 
 more than the weiirht of the incumbt/it water to 
 surmount, were able both so to expand themselves 
 as to fill up that part of the pi;)e which they per- 
 vaded, and, by pressing every way against the 
 sides of it, to iifl upwards with them what water 
 they found ahovc them. Boyle. 
 
 VVith w ings expanded wide ourselves we II rear, 
 And fly incirm/ieiit on the duskv air. Dryden. 
 
 Here the rebel giants lye ; 
 And, when to move th' incumbent load they try. 
 Ascending vapours on the day prevail. 
 
 " Addmn, 
 
 Man is the destin'd prey of pestilence. 
 And o'er bis guilty domes 
 She draws a close incumbent cloud of death. 
 
 2. Imposed as a duty. 
 
 Tliomton. 
 
 966
 
 I N C 
 
 All men, trnlv zealous, will perfiirra those pood 
 worksllmtaremcnnifttnfonallChristians.i'praM'sSer. 
 
 There is a double duty incumbent upon us in the 
 exercise of our powers. L' Estrange. 
 
 Thus, if we think and act, we shall shew our- 
 selves duly mindful not only of the advantages 
 we receive from thence, but of the obligations also 
 which are incumbent upon us. Atterbnry. 
 
 Incu'mbent. n. s. [incumbens, Lat.] 
 He who is in present possession of a 
 benefice. 
 
 In many places the whole ecclessastical due are 
 in lav hands, and the incumbent lietli at the mercy 
 o( his patron. Suijt. 
 
 To Incumber, v. a. [encombrer, Fr.] 
 To embarrass. See Encumber. 
 
 Mv cause is call'd.and that long look'd-for day 
 Is still encumber'd with some new delay. Dryden. 
 
 To INCUR, t'. a. [incurro. Lat.] 
 
 1. To become liable to a punishment or 
 reprehension. 
 
 I have incurred displeasure from inferiors for 
 giving way to the faults of others. Hayuard. 
 
 They, not obeying, 
 Inairr'd, what could they less r the penalty ; 
 And manifold in sin, deserv'd to fall. Milton. 
 
 So judge thou still, presumptuous! 'till the wrath, 
 Which tliou incurr'st by flyiiiR, meet thy flight 
 Sev'ufold, and scourge that wisdom back to hell. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 They had a full persuasive that not to do it 
 
 were to desert God, and consequently to incur 
 
 damnation. South. 
 
 2. To incur ; to press on the senses ; with 
 to or into. 
 
 The motions of the minute parts of bodies are 
 invisible, and incur not (o the eye ; but yet they 
 are to be dcprehended by experience. Bacon. 
 
 The mind of man, even in spirituals, acts with 
 corporeal dependance ; and so is he helped or hin- 
 dered in its operations, according to the ditTerent 
 quality of external objects that incur into (he 
 senses. _ . ^Sonth 
 
 Incue.abi'lity. 71. s. [inairabiUti, Fr 
 from incurable.] Impossibility of cure; 
 utter insusceptibility of remedy. 
 
 We'll instantly op.en a door to the manner of a 
 proper and improper consumptiun, together with 
 the reason of the incurability of the former, and 
 facile cure oi the ciher. Haneu. 
 
 Incu'rable. fiilj. [incurable, Fr. in and 
 curable.'] Not admitting remedy; not 
 to be removed by medicine ; irremedi- 
 able ; hopeless. 
 
 Pause not ; for the present time's so sick, 
 That present medicine must he ministred. 
 Or overthrow incurable cni^ues. Skakesp, 
 
 Stop the rage betime. 
 Before the wound do grow incurable ; 
 For being green, tlicreis great hope of help. Shak. 
 
 A schirrus is liol absolutely incurable, because it 
 has been known that fresh pasture has cured it in 
 cattle. Arbuthnot. 
 
 If idiots and lunaticks:annot be found, incura- 
 bles may be taken into the hospital. Swift. 
 
 Incu'rableness. n. s. [from incurable.] 
 State of not admitting any cure. 
 
 Incurably, adv. [from incui-able.] 
 Without remed\% 
 We caimot know it is or is not, being incurably 
 
 Ignorant. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Incu'rious. adj. [in and cwious.] Neg- 
 ligent ; inattentive. 
 
 The Creator did not bestow so much skill upon 
 his creatures, to be looked upon with a careless 
 incurious eye. Dei-ham. 
 
 He seldom at the Park appear'd ; 
 Yet, not incurious, was iiidin'd 
 To know the converse of mankind. Su-ift. 
 
 Incu'rsion. n. s. [from incurro, Lat.] 
 I. Attack ; mischievous occurrence. 
 
 Sins of daily incursitn, and such as human frailty 
 is unavoidably liable to. South. 
 
 I N D 
 
 2. [Incursion, Fr.] Invasion without con- 
 quest ; inroad ; ravage. 
 
 Spain is very weak at home, or very slow to 
 move, when they sulfered a small fleet of English 
 to make an hostile invasion, or incursion, upon 
 their havens and roads. Bacon. 
 
 Now the Parthian king hath gather'H all iiis host 
 Against the Scythian, whose tncursiwu wild 
 Have wasted Sogdiana. Milton. 
 
 The incursions of the Goths disordered the atVairs 
 of the Roman empire. Arbullmot on Coins. 
 
 Incurva'tion. n. s. [from incurvo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of bending or making crooked. 
 
 2. State of being bent ; curvity ; crooked- 
 ness. 
 
 One part moving while the other rests, one 
 would think, should cause an incurvation in the 
 line. (ilaniille. 
 
 3. Flexion of the body in token of reve- 
 rence. 
 
 He made use of acts of worship which God 
 hath appropriated ; as inCKruation, and sacrifice. 
 
 .Slillingjiect. 
 
 To Incu'rvate. v. a. [incurvo, Lat.] 
 To bend ; to crook. 
 
 Sir Isaac Xewton has shewn, by several expe- 
 riments of rays passing by the edges of bodies, 
 that they are iiuyurtated by the action of these 
 hodies Cheune. 
 
 Incu'rvity. n. s. [from incurvus, Lat.] 
 Crookedness ; the state of bending in- 
 ward. 
 
 The incurvity of a dolphin must be taken not 
 really, but in appearance, when they leap above 
 water, and suddenly shoot down again; strait bo- 
 dies, in a sudden motion, protruded obliquely- 
 downward, appear crooked. Brown. 
 
 To IN D.\GATE. v. a. [indago, Lat.] 
 
 To search ; to beat out. 
 Indaga'tion. w. s. [from indagale.] 
 
 Search; inquiry; examination. 
 
 Paracelsus directs us, in the indagotion of co- 
 lours, to have an eye principally upon salts. Bt)y/e. 
 
 Part hath been discovered by himself, and some 
 l>y human indogation. Brow^is Vulgar Errours. 
 
 Indaga'tor. n. s. [indagator, Lat.] A 
 searcher ; an inquirer ; an examiner. 
 
 The number of the elements of bodies requires 
 to be searched into by such skilful indagators of 
 nature. Boyle. 
 
 To Inda'rt. v. u. [in and dart.] To 
 dart in ; to strike in. 
 
 I'll look to like, if looking liking move ; 
 But no more deep will I indart mine eye, 
 Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 To Inde'bt. v. a. 
 
 1. To put into debt. 
 
 2. To oblige ; to put under obligation. 
 
 Forgive us our sins, for we forgive every one 
 that is indebted to us. Luke, \\ 4. 
 
 He for himself 
 Indebted and undone, has nought to bring. Milton. 
 
 This blest alliance may 
 Th' indebted nation bounteously repay. Granville. 
 lyiD^'KTKD. participial adj. [in and debt.] 
 Obliged by something received ; bound 
 to restitution ; having incurred a debt. 
 It has to before the person to whom the 
 debt is due, and for before the thing 
 received. 
 
 If the course of politick atfairs cannot in any 
 good course eo forward without fit instruments, 
 and that which filteth them be their virtues, let 
 polity acknowledge itself iddefttcrf to religion, god- 
 liness being the cniefest top and ivell-sprineof all 
 true virtues, even as God is of all things. Hooker. 
 Few consider bow much we are indebted to go- 
 vernment, because few can represent how wretch- 
 ed luaukind woiUd be without it. Sttcrbury. 
 
 I N D 
 
 Let us represent to our souls the Iotc and be- 
 neficence/iw which we daily stand inddited to God. 
 
 R.grn. 
 We are wholly indebted far them to our ancestors. 
 
 Sir/^f. 
 
 Inde'cency. n. s. [indrccner, Fr.] Any 
 
 thing unbecoming ; any thing contrary 
 
 to goo<l manners; something wrong, 
 
 but scarce criminal. 
 
 He will in vajn endeavour to reform indecency 
 
 in his pupil, wliich he allows in himself. Locke. 
 
 Inde'cent. adj. [indecent, Fr. in and 
 
 decent.] Unbecoming; unfit for the 
 
 eyes or ears. 
 
 Characters, where obscene words were proper i.t 
 their mouths, hut very indecent to be heard. Uryd. 
 
 Till these men can prove these things, ordircd 
 bv our church, to be either iutrinsicalTy unlawful 
 or indecent, the use of them , as established amongst 
 us, is necessary. S>ur/i. 
 
 Indecently, adv. [from indecent.] 
 Without decency ; in a manner contrary 
 to decency. 
 
 Indeci'duous. adj. [in and deciduous.] 
 Not falling ; not shed. Used of trees 
 that do not shed their le.^ves in winter. 
 
 We find the statue of the sun framed with rays 
 about the head, which were the indeciduoiis &nd 
 unshaken locks of .■Vpollo. Brtncn. 
 
 Indeclinable, adj. [indeclinable, Fr. 
 indeclinabilis, Lat ] Not varied by ter- 
 minations. 
 
 Pondo is an indeclinahle ^or A, and when it ig 
 join-d to numbers it signifies libra. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Indeco'rous. adj. [indecorus, Lat.] 
 Indecent ; unbecoming. 
 
 What can be more indecorous than for a creature 
 to violate the commands, and trample upon the 
 authority, of that awful Excellence to whom he 
 owes his life? Anrri». 
 
 Indeco'rum. 77. s. [Lat.] Indecency; 
 something unbecoming. 
 
 The soft address, the castigated grace. 
 Are indecorums in the modern maid. 1 oung. 
 
 Indeed, adv. [in and deed.] 
 
 1. In reality ; in truth ; in verity, 
 ■i'et lovino indeed, and therefore constant.Sjrfnf i;. 
 Though such assemblies he had indeed for reli- 
 gion's sake, hurtful nevertheless they may prove 
 as well in regard of their fitness to serve the turn 
 of bereticks and such as privily will venture to 
 instil their poison mto new minds. Hooker. 
 
 Some, who have not deserved judgment of 
 death, have been for their goods sake caught up 
 and carried sireight to the bough : a thine inrffcrf 
 very pitiful and horrible. _ Spenser. 
 
 2. Above common rate. This use is em- 
 phatical. 
 
 Then didst thou utter, 1 am yours for ever ; 
 'Tis grace indeed. Shakesp. 
 
 Borrows in mean affairs, his subjects pains ; 
 But things of weight and consequence inrf«d. 
 Hini>elf (loth in his chamber them debate. Daces. 
 
 Such sons of Abraham, how highly soever they 
 may have the luck to be thought of, are far from 
 being Israelites indeed. South, 
 
 I were a beast, indeed, to do you ivrong 
 1 who have lov'd and honour'd you so lung. DrtJ. 
 
 3. This is to be granted that. A particle 
 of connection. 
 
 This limitation, indeed, of our author will save 
 those the labour who would look for Adam's heir 
 among the race of b.utes ; but w ill very little c n- 
 trihutc to the discovery of one next heir amonEisl 
 men. Locke. 
 
 Some sons indeed, some very few we see. 
 Who keep themselves from this infection free. Drad. 
 
 There is nothing in the world more generally 
 dreaded, and yet less to be feared, tli:>n deatii : 
 indeed, for those unhappy men whose hopes ter- 
 minate in this life, no wolider if the prospect of 
 another seems terrible and amazing. •' "k*- 
 
 1)67
 
 I N D 
 
 4. !t is used sometimes as a slight asser- 
 tion or recapitulation in a sense hardly 
 perceptible or explicable, and though 
 some degree of obscure power is per- 
 ceived, might, even where it is properly 
 enough inserted, be omitted without miss. 
 
 I ^;iid I llioughf it was confederacy between the 
 jiif:i:ler and the two servants ; tho' indeed I liad no 
 ri.-aMm so to think. liacon. 
 
 Tliereis indeed no great pleasure in visiting these 
 magazines of war, after one has seen two or three 
 of them. Addison. 
 
 5. It is used to note concession in com- 
 parisons. 
 
 Against tliese forces were prepared to the num- 
 ber of near one iiundred ships; not so great of 
 bulii indeed, but of a more nimble motion. Bacon. 
 
 Indefatigable, adj. \indcfatigubilh, 
 in and difatio-o, Lat.] Unwearied; not 
 tired ;' not exhausted by labour. 
 
 Who shall spread his airy flight, 
 TTnborne with inilefutigaiile wings. 
 Over the vast abrupt. Milton. 
 
 The ambitious person must rise early and sit up 
 late, and pursue his design with a constant inde- 
 fatigable KiiendiMct : he must be infinitely patient 
 "and servile. 5i)ii(/i. 
 
 Indei-a'tigably. flrfi'. [from indefati- 
 g-ablc] Without weariness. 
 
 .V man indifatignbJTt zealous in the service of 
 the church and state, and whose writings have 
 Ilighly deserved of both. Dri^den. 
 
 Indefectibi'lity. n. s. [from indi-fn- 
 iihle.] The quality of suffering no de- 
 cay ; of being subject to no defect. 
 
 Indefe'ctiblf.. adj. [in and defectus, 
 Lat.] Unfailing ; not liable to defect 
 or decay. 
 
 IndefeiSIBLE. adj. \indtfnisihle, Fr.] 
 
 , Not to be cut off ; not to be vacated ; 
 irrevocable. 
 
 So indefcisible Is our estate in those joys, that, 
 if we do not sell it in reversicju, we shall, wle i, 
 once invested, be beyond the possibility of ill 
 husbandry. Decau of' Pietii. 
 
 Indefe'n.sible. adj. [in and d-J'ensm, 
 Lat.] Wliat cannot be defended or 
 maintained. 
 
 As they extend the rule of consulting Scripture 
 to all ll)e actions of common life, even so far as to 
 the taking up of a straw, so it is altogether fal.se 
 or indefensdde. Sanderson, 
 
 INDEFINITE. Of//, [indefinitus, Lat. 
 indcfini, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Not determined ; not limited ; not set- 
 tled. 
 
 Though a position should be \v)iol!y rejected, 
 yet that negative is more pregnant of direction 
 ilian an indefinite; as ashes are more generative 
 tlian dust. Bacon s Essays. 
 
 Her advancement was left indefinite; but thus, 
 that it should be as great as ever any former queen 
 of England had. Bdcon. 
 
 Tragedy and picture are more narrowly cir- 
 cnniscribed by [^Itice and time thaii (lie opick 
 poem ; the time o( this last is left indejinhe. Dryd. 
 
 2. Lars^e beyond tlie comprehension of man, 
 tliou«;^h not absolutely without limits. 
 
 Thpiigh it is not infinite, it may be iiidcjinite ; 
 thouLh it is not bnundJess in itseU", it may be so 
 to human comprehension. Spectator. 
 
 iNnF.'FiNMTEr-Y. adv. [from hflfji.7tifr.] 
 1. Withotit any settled or determinate li- 
 mitation. 
 
 We observe that custom, wherennto St. Paul 
 aUiideth. and wliercof the fathers of the church hi 
 itieir writings make often mention, to shew iiuk- 
 Jinitdy what was done; but not universally to 
 
 1 N D 
 
 bind for ever all prayers unto one only fashion of 
 
 utterance. Hooker. 
 
 We conceive no more than the letter beareth ; 
 
 that is, four times, or iudejinitclii more than thrice. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 A duty to which all are indefinitelv cibliged, upcjn 
 
 some occasions, by the express connnand of Gud. 
 
 Smalridge. 
 
 2. To a degree indefinite. 
 
 If the word be indefinitelti extended, that is, so 
 far as no human 'ntellect can fancy any bounds of 
 it, then wliat we see must be the least part, linii. 
 
 Indefi'nitudb. v.s. [from indefinite.] 
 Quantity not limited by our uiiderstimd- 
 ing, though yet finite. 
 
 Thev arise to a strange and prodigious multi- 
 tude, if not indelinitude, by their various positions, 
 combinations, and conjunctions. Hale. 
 
 Indeli'berate. \adj. [indeliherd, Fr. 
 
 Indeli'berated. j in and deliberate.] 
 Unpremeditated ; done without consi- 
 deration. 
 
 Actions proceedini from blandishments, or 
 sweet persuasions, if they be indeUberated, as in 
 children who want the use of reason, are not pre- 
 sently free actions, BramhalL 
 
 The love of G"d better can consist with tlie 
 /«(/e/(7;ernfe commissions of many sins, than with 
 an allowed persistance in any tme.Gov. tftheTong. 
 
 Inde'lible. iidj. [inde/cbile, Fr. inde- 
 lebilis, Lat. in and delible. It should 
 be written indeleble.^ 
 
 i . Not to be blotted out or effaced. 
 
 Wilful perpetration of unworthy actions brands 
 with indelible characters the name and memory. 
 
 King Charles. 
 Thy heedless sleeve will drink the colour'd oil, 
 And spot indelililt thy pocket soil. Gay'sTrivia. 
 2. Not to be annulled. 
 
 Thev are indued with indelible power from 
 aboveto feed, to govern this household, and to 
 consecrate pastors and stewards of it to the world'j 
 end. Spralt. 
 
 Inde'licacy. n. «. [in and delicaci/.] 
 Want of delicacy ; want of elegant de- 
 cency. 
 
 Vour papers would be chargeable with worse 
 than indelicacu. they would be irnmoial, did you 
 treat detestable uncleanness as you rally an im- 
 pertinent self-love. AddLson. 
 Inde'licate. adj. [in and delicate.] 
 Wanting decency ; void of a quick sense 
 of decency. 
 Indemnifica'tion. n.s. [from indem- 
 
 1 . Security against loss or penalty. 
 
 2. Reimbursement of loss or penalty. 
 
 To Indemnify, v. a. [in and damnify.] 
 
 1 . To secure against loss or penalty. 
 
 2. To maintain unhurt. 
 
 Insolent signifies rude and haughty, indemnify 
 to keep safe. Watts. 
 
 Indemnity, n. s. [indemnite, Fr.] Se- 
 curity from punishment; exemption from 
 punishment. 
 
 1 will use all means, both of amnesty and 
 indemnitit, wliicli may most fully remove all fears, 
 and bury all jealousies in forgetmlncss. K. Charles. 
 
 To INDENT. V. a. [in and den>: a tooth, 
 Lat.] To mark any thing with inequali- 
 ties like a row of teeth ; to cut in and 
 out ; to m;ike to wave or undulate. 
 
 About his neck 
 A green and gilded snake had wreath'd itself. 
 Who with her head, nimble in threats, approach'd 
 The opening of his mouth ; hut suddenly. 
 Seeing Orlando, it uulink'd itself. 
 And with indented glides did slip away^ 
 Into a bush, Shahcsp. As you like it. 
 
 The serpent then, not with indented wave. 
 
 I N D 
 
 Prone on the ground, as since ; but on his rear 
 
 Circular base of rising folds, that tower 'd 
 
 fold above fold, a surging maze! Milton. 
 
 Treiit, who, like some earth-born giant, spreads 
 His thirty arms along Iho iridented meads. Miltim. 
 
 The margins on each side do not terminate in a 
 straight line, but are indented. fVoodunrd. 
 
 To Inde'nt. v. n. [from the method of 
 cutting counterparts of a contract toge- 
 ther, that, laid on each other, they may 
 fit, and any want of conformity may 
 discover a fraud.] To contract ; to bar- 
 gain ; to make a compact. 
 
 Shall vve buy treason, and indent with fears. 
 When they have lost and forfeited themselves .' Sh. 
 
 He descends to the solemnity of a pact and co- 
 venant, and has indented with us. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Inde'nt. n. s. [from the verb.] In- 
 equality ; encisure; indentation. This 
 is little used. 
 
 Trent shall not wind with such a deep indent, 
 To rob me of so rich a bottom here. Shakesp. 
 
 Indenta'tion. n. s. [in and den.i, Lat.] 
 An indenture ; waving in any figure. 
 
 The margins do not terminate in a streight line, 
 but are indented ; each indentation beinu continued 
 in a small ridi;e, to the i/tdentation that answers it 
 on the opposite margin. Woodward. 
 
 Inde'nture. Ji. s. [from indent.] A cove- 
 nant, so named because the counterparts 
 are indented or cut one by the other ; a 
 contract, of which tliereis a counterpart. 
 
 In Hall's chronicle much pood matter is quite 
 marred with indentnre English. Atcham^s Schoolm. 
 
 The critick to his grief will find 
 How firmly these i/irfcHtures bind. ^wift. 
 
 Indepe'ndence. i n.«. [independance, 
 Independency, j Fr. t» and rff;;en- 
 rff«Cf .] Freedom ; exemption from re- 
 liance or controul ; state over which none 
 has power. 
 
 Dreams may give us some idea of the great ex- 
 cellency of a human soul, and sumeintini.ilious of 
 its independency on matter. Addition, 
 
 Let fortune do her v;orst, whatever she makes 
 us lose, as long as she never makes us lose our ho- 
 nesty and our independence. Pope 
 
 Give me, I cry'd, enough for me, 
 My bread and independencu: 
 So bought an annual rent or two. 
 And liv'd just as you see I do. Pope. 
 
 Independent, adj. [independant, Fr. 
 in and dependent.] 
 
 1. Not depending; not supported by any 
 other ; not relying on another ; not con- 
 trolled. It is used with on, cj, ov from, 
 before the object ; of which on seems 
 most proper, since we say to depend on, 
 ;ind consequently dependent on. 
 
 Creation must needs infer providence, and 
 God's making the world irrefragably proves thai 
 he governs it too ; or that a being of (le[)endent 
 nature remains nevertheless inde/jendcnt upon him 
 in that respect. South. 
 
 Since all princes of independent governnieiits are 
 in a state of nature, the world never was without 
 men in that stale. Loche 
 
 Tiie town of St. Gaul is a protestant republick. 
 indi pendent of the abbot, and under the protection 
 of the cantons. Addison. 
 
 2. Not relating to any thing else, as to a 
 superior cause or power. 
 
 The consideration of our understanding, which 
 is, an incorporeal substance independent from mat- 
 ter ; and the contemplation of our own bodies, 
 which have all the stamps and characters of excel- 
 lent contrivance ; these alone do very easily guide 
 us to the wise Author of all things. Bentley. 
 
 s. One who in 
 
 holds that every 
 
 Independent, n. 
 relisrious aiFaiis
 
 IN D 
 
 congregation is a complete church, sub- 
 ject to no superior authority. 
 
 We sh;ill, in our sermuns, lake iK:C€isron to jus- 
 tify such passages in our liturgy as have been un- 
 justly quarrelled at by presby teViaiiS, independcits, 
 01 other puritan sectaries. SimUrson. 
 
 A very famous independent minister was head 
 of a college in those times. Addisim'sSpectut(T. 
 
 Indepe'ndently. adv. [from indcpai- 
 de)it.] Without reference to other things. 
 
 Dispose lights and shadows, without finishing 
 
 every thing independenUif ihc oneof tlieolher.iJrj/. 
 
 Indese'rt. n. s. [in and desert.] Want 
 
 of merit. Tliis is an useful word, but 
 
 ^not much received. 
 
 Those who were once looked on as his equals, 
 are apt to thing the fame of his merit a reflection 
 on their own indescrts. Addison. 
 
 Inde'sinently. adv. [indesinenfer, Fr. 
 in and disinio.Lat.] Without cessation. 
 They continue a month indesinetitlp. 
 
 Rail on the Creation. 
 
 Indestru'ctible. adj. [in and destruc- 
 tible.] Not to be destroyed. 
 
 Glass is so compact aiid firm a body, that it is 
 indestructible by art or nature. Boyle. 
 
 Indete'rminable. adj. [in and deter- 
 minable.] Not to be fixed ; not to be 
 defined or settled. 
 
 There is nut only obscurity in the end, but be- 
 ginning of the world ; that, as its period is inscru- 
 table, so is its nativity indeteriniuable. Brown. 
 
 Indeterminate, adj. [indetermine, 
 ^Fr. in and determinate.] Unfi.ved ; 
 not defined ; indefinite. 
 
 The riiys of the same colour were by turns 
 transmitted at one thickness, and reflected at 
 another thickness, for an indeterminate niuiiher of 
 successions. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 Indete'RMINATELY. adv. [in and de- 
 
 terminateli/.] Indefinitely ; not in any 
 
 settled manner. 
 
 His persj>icacity discerned the loadstone to re- 
 spect the North, when ours beheld it indetcrmi- 
 nateltj. Brou-n. 
 
 The depth of the hold is indeterminatelv ex- 
 pressed in the description. ArbutliTwt on Coins. 
 
 Indete'rmined. adj. [in and deter- 
 mined.] Unsettled ; unfixed. 
 
 We should not amuse ourselves with floating 
 words of indetermined signiiication, which we cam 
 use in several senses to serve a turn. Locke. 
 
 Indetermina'tion. n. s. [in and de- 
 termination.] Want of determination ; 
 want of fixed or stated direction. 
 
 By contingents I understand all things which 
 may be done, and may not be done, may hajipen, 
 or may not iiapjjon, by reason of the indetermina- 
 tion or accidental concurrence of the causes. Brani. 
 
 Indevo'tion. n. s. [indeiotion, Vr. in 
 and delation.] Want of devotion ; ir- 
 religion. 
 
 Let us make the church the scene of our peni- 
 tence, as of our faults ; deprecate our former in- 
 devotiim, and, by an e.\cniplary reverence, redress 
 the scandal of profaneness. Decay if Piety. 
 
 Indevou't. adj. [indevut, Fr. in and de- 
 vout.] Not devout ; not religious; ir- 
 religious. 
 
 He [>rays much ; yet curses more ; wliilst he is 
 meek, hut indeiout. Decay of' Piety. 
 
 Index, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. The discoverer; the pointer out. 
 
 Tastes are the indexes of the ditFerent qualities 
 
 of plants, as well as of all sorts of aliiuent.Jr/>i((/j. 
 
 ^That which was once the index to point out all 
 
 virtues, dues now mark out that part of the world 
 
 where least gf them resides. Decay of Piety. 
 
 . Vol. I. 
 
 IN D 
 
 2. The hand that points to any thing, as 
 to the hour or way. 
 
 'J'hey have no more inward scif-ronsciousncss 
 of what they do or sutler, than the indtl of a 
 w-atcli, of the hour it points to. Bentlcy. 
 
 a. The table of contents to a book. 
 
 In such indeies, allhongh small 
 To their subsequent volumes, there is seen 
 The baby figure of the giant mass 
 Of things to come, at large. ShaKCfp. 
 
 If a buok has no index or good table of contents, 
 'tis very useful to make one as you are reading it; 
 and in your index to take notice oidy of parts new 
 to you. It'dt^s. 
 
 Indexte'rity. n. s. [in and de.ttiriiif.] 
 Want of dexterity ; want of readiness ; 
 want of handiness ; clumsiness ; auk- 
 warduess. 
 
 The indeiterity of our consumption-curers de- 
 monstrates their dimness in beholding its causes. 
 
 I'ndian Arrow-root. n. s. [marcunta, 
 Lat.] A root. 
 
 A sovereign remedy for the bite of wasps, and 
 the poison of the mailchineel tree. This root tin- 
 Indians apply to extract the venom of their ar- 
 rows. Miller. 
 
 I'ndian Cress, n. s. [acriviola, Lat.] 
 A plant. MilLr. 
 
 I'ndian F/g'. n.s. [opuntia.'Liit.] A 
 plant. Miller. 
 
 I'ndian Red. n.s. Is a species of ochre ; 
 a very fine purple earlh, and of a firm 
 compact texture, and great weight. /////. 
 
 I'ndicant. adj. [indicans, I, at.] Show- 
 ing ; pointing out ; that which directs 
 what is to be done in any disease. 
 
 To I'NDIC.'VTE. v.a. [indico, Lai.] 
 
 \. To show ; to point out. 
 
 2. [In physick.] To point out a remedy. 
 See Indication. 
 
 Indica'tion. n. s. [indication, Fr.] I'n- 
 dicalio, from indico, Lat.] 
 
 1. Mark ; token ; sign ; note ; symptom. 
 The frequent stops they make in the must con- 
 venient places, are a plain indication of llieir wta- 
 riness. Adtiison. 
 
 Vie think that our successes are a plain indica- 
 tion of the divine favour towards us. Atterbury. 
 
 2. [In physick.] Indication is of four 
 kinds: vital, preservative, curative, and 
 palliative, as it directs what is to be done 
 to continue life, cutting off the cause of 
 an approaching distemper, curing it 
 whilst it is actually present, or lessening 
 its effects, or taking off some of its symp- 
 toms before it can be wholly removed. 
 
 Qitinci/. 
 The depravation of the instruments of mastica- 
 tion is a natural indication of a liquid d'wt. Arbuth. 
 
 3. Discovery made, intelligence given. 
 
 If a person that had a fair estate in reversion, 
 should be assured by some skilt'ul physician, that 
 he would inevitably"fall into a disease that would 
 totally dcurive him of his understanding and me- 
 mory j if, 1 say. upon a certain belief ofthis indi- 
 cation, the man should a|>pcar overjoyed at the 
 news, would not all tliat saw him conclude that 
 the distei»|ier had seized him ? Bcnttey. 
 
 t. lixplanation ; disjilay. 
 
 These be the things iliat govern nature princi- 
 pally, and without^ w iiich you cannot make any 
 true" analysis, and indication of the pr"cce^iings of 
 nature. Bacon's ?.titnral History. 
 
 Indi'cativk. adj. [indicativus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Showing; informing; pointing out. 
 
 2. [In grammar.] A certain modification 
 
 IN D 
 
 of a verb, expressing atfirmation or in- 
 dication. 
 
 'I lie verb is forroi-d in a certain manner to af- 
 firm, deny, or interrogate ; which futnialion, from 
 II e principal use of it, is called the iudicatite 
 iiio(»d. darkens Latin Grammar. 
 
 Indi'catively. adv. [from indicative.] 
 In such a manner as shows or betokens. 
 
 These images, formed in the brain, are indica- 
 ttt'e/i/of the same species with itiose of sense. Greir. 
 
 To Indict. See Indite, and its deri- 
 vatives. 
 
 In DICTION, n.s. [indiction, Tr. indico 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Declaration; proclamation. 
 
 After a legation ad res rtpetendas, and a refasai, 
 and a denunciation and indiction vf a war, lite war 
 is left at large. Bacon. 
 
 2. [In chronology.] The indiction, insti- 
 tuted by Constantiiie the Circat, is pro- 
 perly a cycle of tribittes, orderlydisposed, 
 for fifteen \ears, and by it accounts of 
 that kind were kept Afterwards, in 
 memory of ihe great victory obtained by 
 C'onstiintine over Mezentius, t$ (Jal. Oct. 
 312, b}' which an entire freedom was 
 given to Christianit)-, the Council of 
 Nice, for the honour of Constantine, or- 
 dained that the accounts of 3ears should 
 be no longer kept by the Olympiads, 
 which till that tiine had been done ; but 
 that, instead thereof, the indiction should 
 be niiule use of, by wliich to reckon and 
 date their years, which hath its epocha 
 A. D 313, Jan. 1. 
 
 Indi'fference. ) n.s. [indifference, f i. 
 Indi'fferency. j indifftrentia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Neutrality ; suspension ; etjuipoise or 
 freedom trom motives on either s-ide. 
 
 In clioise of committees it is better to chuse in- 
 ditt'erent persons, than to make an 'mdiferency by 
 putting in those that are strung on both sides. 
 
 Bacon's Essays. 
 
 By an equal indiff'eTency for all truth, I mean, 
 not loving It as such, before we know it to be true. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 A perfect indiferency in the mind, not deter- 
 minable by its List judgment, would be as great 
 an imperf*?ction as the want of indiji'erency to act, 
 or not to act, till determined by the will. Locke. 
 
 Those who would borrow light from expositors, 
 consult either only those who have the <;oodiuck 
 to be tliouglit sound and orthodo.\, avoiding those 
 of Hiilcrcnt sentiments ; or else with indiffcrency 
 look into notes of all commentators. Locke. 
 
 2. Impartiality. 
 
 Read the book with indiffcrency and judgment, 
 and thou can'st nut but greatly commend it.flViit. 
 
 3. Negligence; want of aftection ; uncoii- 
 cernedness. 
 
 Indifference cannot bnt be criminal ; when it is 
 conversant about objects which are so far from be- 
 ing of an indirterent nature, that tliey are of the 
 highest importance. Addistm. 
 
 "a place which we must pass through, not only 
 with the indifference of strangers, but w ith the vi- 
 gilance of those who travel tlirough the country of 
 an enemy. Rogers. 
 
 Indiff rence, clad in wisdom's gtiise, 
 .Ml fortitude of mind supplies ; 
 Fur how- c.in stony bowels melt. 
 In those who never pily felt? Swift. 
 
 Me will let you know he has got a clap witb as 
 much imiip'i-riiic^ as he would'a piece of public 
 news. 6"u'j/f. 
 
 The people of England should be frighted with 
 the Freiich king and the pretender once a year ; 
 the want of observing this necessary precept, has 
 produced great indiference in the vulgar. Arbiith. 
 
 GH 963
 
 I N D 
 
 4. State in whicli no moral or physical 
 reason preponderates ; state in which 
 there is no difl'erence. 
 
 Tiie choice is left to our discietion, except a 
 primipal bond ot some liit;Iier duty remove the iti- 
 difjcreuce that such things have in themselves : 
 their iwiiff'erence is removed, if we take away our 
 own liheriy. Hooker. 
 
 INDITFF.RENT. adj. [indifferent, Fr. 
 iitdifferens, Lat] 
 
 1. Neutral; not determined on either side. 
 
 Dutit his majesty 
 IlK-liiie to it ur no ? 
 —He sLCins imiifferent. Shakesp. 
 
 iicin^iudiff'erent, we should receive and eiubrace 
 oi'iiiions accordiig as evidence gives the attesta- 
 tion of trutli. Locke. 
 
 Let gniit or fear 
 Distvirb iiiati's rest ; Cato Ivnows iicitlier of tliein : 
 Indifi'tieiit in liis clioice to sleep or die. Addison. 
 
 2. X.'iiconceinetl ; inattentive ; regardless. 
 
 One tiling was all to you, and ynur fondness 
 made you imliferent to every thing else. Temple. 
 
 It «as a law of Solon, lliat any person who, iji 
 the civil coniinolions of the repultlick, remained 
 tieuter, or an iwiiffereiit sjiectator of the contejid- 
 ing (larlies, should be condemned to perpelnal 
 banishment. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 But how indijferent soever man nmy be to eter- 
 nal happiness, yet surely to eternal misery none 
 can be indifferent. Rogers. 
 
 a. Not to have such difference as that the 
 one is for its own sake prf terable to the 
 other. 
 
 The nature of things indifferent is neither to be 
 commanded nor forbidden, but left free and ar- 
 bitrary. Hooker. 
 
 Customs, which of themselves are indfferent in 
 other kingdujns, became exceedingly evil in this 
 realm, by reason of the inconveniences wliich fol- 
 lowed thereupon. Davies. 
 
 Though at first it was free, and in my choice 
 whether or no 1 should publish these discourses; 
 yet, the publicatuin being once resolved, the ds- 
 dication was not so ind'iierent. South. 
 
 This I mention only as my conjecture, it being 
 iii(JiJf'crent to the matter which way the learned 
 shall determine. Locke. 
 
 4. Impartial ; disinterested. 
 
 ilelcaife was partial to none, but indifferent to 
 all ; a master for the whole, and a father to every 
 one. Ascham. 
 
 1 am a most poor woman and a stranger, 
 Born out of your dominions ; having here 
 Ko judse ijtdiff'rent, and no more assuiance 
 Ot" equal friendshiji and proceeding. Shakesp. 
 
 There can hardly be an indifferent trial had be- 
 tween the king anil the subject, or between party 
 -and party, by reason of this general kindred and 
 consanguinity. Davies, 
 
 5. Passable ; having mediocrity ; of a mid- 
 dling state ; neither good nor worst. 
 This is an improper and colloquial use, 
 especially uhen applied to persons. 
 
 Some things admit of mediocrity ; 
 A counsellor, or pleader at the bar. 
 May want Alessala's pow'rful eloquence. 
 Or be less read than deep Casselius ; 
 Yet this indiff'rent lawyer is estecm'd. Roscummoii. 
 
 Who would exxel, when few can make a test. 
 Betwixt indiff'rent writing and the best ? Dryden. 
 
 This has obliged me to publish an indifferent 
 collection of poems, for fear of being tliougljt ihc 
 author of a woriC. Prior. 
 
 There is not one of these subjects that would 
 not sell a very imiifferetit paper, could i think of 
 gratifying the publick by such mean and base me. 
 thuds. Addison 
 
 6. In the same sense it has the force of 
 an adverb. 
 
 1 am myself im/i/Terent honest ; but yet I could 
 accuse me of such things, that it were better that 
 my mother had not born me. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 "This will raise a great scum on it, and leave 
 jour wine indifferent cleai. Mortimer. 
 
 1 N D 
 
 Indifferentlv. adv. [indiffirenter, 
 Lat.] 
 
 I. Without distinction; without prefer- 
 ence. 
 
 Whitene-,s is a mean between all colours, having 
 itself indifferentlij to them all, so as with equal fa- 
 cility to be tinged with any of them. Newton. 
 
 \\ ere pardon extended indifferently to all, which 
 of them would think himself under any particular 
 obligation ? Addiioit. 
 
 Though a church-of-England-man thinks every 
 
 species of government equally lawful, he dues not 
 
 think them equally expedient, or fur every coun 
 
 try indifhrentli). Swift. 
 
 •2. Equally ; impartially. 
 
 They may truly and indifferently minister 
 justice. Comjnon Prayer. 
 
 3. In a neutral state ; without wish or 
 aversion . 
 
 Set honour in one eye, and death i' th' other. 
 And I w'ill look on death indiffrrentlii Shakesp. 
 
 4. Not well; tolerably; passibly; middling. 
 A m lyle will draw indifferentli/ well, and carry 
 
 great burthens. Carew, 
 
 I hope it may itidifferentty entertain 3'our h.rd- 
 ship at an nnbetiding hour. Rowe. 
 
 An hundred and fifty of their beds, sown to- 
 gether, kept me but very ijidifferently from the 
 floor. Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 I'ndigence. ") n. s. [indigence, Vr.in- 
 I'ndigency. 3 digentia, L&t.] Want; 
 penury; poverty. 
 
 Where tlicre is happiness, there must not be in- 
 digency, or want of any due cotriforts of life. 
 
 Burnet's Theory. 
 
 For ev'n that indigence, that brings me low, 
 jNInkes me myself, and him ab.-ve to know. Dryd. 
 
 Athens wtirslii|»ped God with temples and sa- 
 crifices, as if he needed habitation and sustenance, 
 and that the heathens had such a mean a|iprehen- 
 sion about the indigency of their gods, appears 
 from Aristophanes and Lucian. Bentley. 
 
 Indigenous, adj. [indigene, Fr. i}idi- 
 gena, Lat.] Native to a country; origi- 
 nally produced or born in a region. 
 
 Negroes were all transported from .Africa, and 
 are not indigenous or proper natives of America, 
 
 Brotni, 
 
 It is wonderful to observe one creature, that is, 
 
 mankind indigenous to so many difTerent climates. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 I'NDKjENT. adj. [indigent, Fr. indi- 
 
 gens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Poor ; needy ; necessitous. 
 
 Charity consists in relieving the indigent. Addis. 
 
 2. In want ; wanting; with of. 
 Rejoice, O Albion, sever'd from the world. 
 
 By nature's wise indulgence ; indigent 
 
 Of nothing from without. Phillips. 
 
 3. Void; empty. 
 
 Such bodies have the tangible parts indigent of 
 moisture. Bacon. 
 
 Indige'st. \odj. [i7idigeste, Fr.indi- 
 Indtge'sted. j gestus, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Not separated into distinct orders ; not 
 regularly disposed. 
 
 This mass, or indigested mailer, or chaos, created 
 in the beginning, was without the proper form, 
 which it afterwards acquired. Raleigh. 
 
 Before the seas, and this terrestrial ball. 
 One was the face of nature, if a face ; 
 Rather a rude and umtigcsted mass. Dryden. 
 
 2. Not formed, or shaped. Indigest is 
 not now in use. 
 
 Set a form upon that indigest project. 
 So shapeless and so rude ,'ihakesp. King John. 
 
 Hence, heap of wrath, foul indigested lump ; 
 As crooked in thy manners as thy shape. Shakesp. 
 
 3. Not well considered and methodised. 
 
 By irksome deformities, through endless and 
 senseless effusions of indigated prayers, they 
 
 I N D 
 
 oftentimes dlsfirace the worthiest part of Christian 
 duty towards God. Hooher. 
 
 The political creed of the high-principled meo 
 sets the protestaiit succession upon a tirnier foun- 
 dation than ail the indigested schemes of those who 
 profess revolution principles. Suiji. 
 
 4. Not concocted in the stomach. 
 
 Dreams are bred 
 From rihing fumes of indigested food. Dryden, 
 
 5, Not broiitrht to suppuration. 
 
 His wound was iiidigested and inflamed. TCwem, 
 
 Indigestible, adj. [from in and di- 
 gestible.] Not conquerable in the sto* 
 mach ; not convertible to nutriment. 
 
 Eggs are the most nourishing and cxnited of all 
 
 animal food, and most indigestible : nobodv can 
 
 digest the same quantity of ihcui as of other ft.'od. 
 
 Arhuthnot on Diet. 
 
 Indige'stion. w. s. [indigestiouy Vr. 
 from in and digesdoTi.] 
 
 1. A morbid weakness of the stomach ; 
 want of concoctive power. 
 
 2, The state of meats unconcocted. 
 
 'liie fumes of indigestion niav ir.dispose men to 
 thought, as well as to diseases of danger and pain. 
 
 Te/itjjte. 
 
 To IND1'GIT.\TE. v. a. [indigito, Lat.] 
 To point out ; to shew by the fingers. 
 
 Antiquity expressed numbers by the fingers r 
 the deiiressing this tinf;er, which in' the left "hand 
 implied but six, in the right hand indigitated six 
 hundred. Bronns ^ ulg. ErrouTS. 
 
 .■Vs though there were a semiualJy of urine, we 
 f lolishly conceive we behold therein the anatomy 
 of every particle, and can thereby iudigitate their 
 atr.'Clions. Brown's Vulgar Krrours. 
 
 We are not to iudigitate the parts transmittenl. 
 
 Hari:ey. 
 
 Indigit.Vtion. n. s. [from indigiliite.] 
 The act of pointing out or shewing, as 
 by the finger. 
 
 Which things I conceive no obscure indigiUit^on 
 of providence. More against Atheism. 
 
 Indi'gn. se/j. [indigne, Fr. indignun, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Unworthy ; undeserving. 
 
 AVhere there is a kingdom that is altogether nn- 
 able or indign to govern, is it just for another na- 
 tion, that is civil or policed, to subdue them ? 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 2. Bringing indignity; disgraceful. This 
 is a word not in use. 
 
 And all indigtt and base adversities 
 Blake head against my estimation. Shakesp. 
 
 Indi'gnant. adj. [indignans, Lat. 
 Angry ; raging ; inflamed at once with 
 anger and disdain. 
 
 He scourg'd with many a stroke th' indignant 
 waves. Milton. 
 
 The lustful monster fled, pursued by the valor- 
 ous and indignant iMartin. Arbuthiwt and Pope. 
 
 What rage that hour did Albion's soul possess. 
 Let chiefs imagine, and let lovers guess ! 
 He strides imlignant, and with haughty- cries 
 To single light the fairy prince defies. Ticket. 
 
 Indigna'tion. n. s. [indignation, Fr. 
 indignatio, Lat] 
 
 1. Anger mingled with contempt or dis- 
 gust. 
 
 Suspend your indignation against my brother, 
 till you derive better testimony of his intent.S/iiik. 
 
 from those officers, warm with indigtmtion at 
 the insolences of that vile rabble, came words of 
 
 great contempt. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 But keep this swelling indignatiOTi down. 
 And let your cooler reason now prevail. Roae. 
 
 2. The anger of a superior. 
 
 There was zreat indiiiiiuition against Israel 
 
 '^ = ° S Kings. 
 
 3. The effect of anger. 
 
 970
 
 IND 
 
 If heav'ns have any grievous plague in store. 
 Let tliem hurl do«n ilieir indignntiim 
 Oa thee, thuu troabier of the wcjrld. Shaken}'. 
 
 Indi'gnity. 7/. s. [indig;nitas, from hi- 
 dignuSj Lat. indignitc, Tr.] Contume- 
 ly ; contemptuous injury ; violation of 
 right accompanied with insult. 
 
 BisliQps and prel.ites could not but have bleed- 
 ing licarts to behold a person of so f:reat place and 
 worth constrained to endure so fuul indignities. 
 
 Hooker 
 
 No emotion of passion transported me, by ihc 
 indii^nity of his carriage, to any thing unbeseem- 
 ing myself. ^'"S Charles 
 
 Aian he made, and for him built 
 Magnificent this world, and earth his seat. 
 Him lord pronuunc'd ; and, O indignity I 
 Subjected to his service angel-wings. 
 And flaming ministers, to watch and tend 
 Their earthly ciiar^e. Milton. 
 
 He does not see now that mighty passion for the 
 church can well consist with those indignities aiut 
 that contempt men bestow on the clergy. Suiji. 
 
 To more exalted glories born. 
 Thy mean indignities I scorn. Paltison. 
 
 I'ndigo. n. s. [indicum, Lat.] A plant, 
 by the Americans ciiUed anil. In the 
 middle of the llower is the style, which 
 afterwards becomes a jointed pod, con* 
 taining one cylindrical seed in one par- 
 tition, from which indigo is made, which 
 is used in dying for a blue colour. ^T//7/fr, 
 
 Indirect, adj. [indirect, Fr. indirect- 
 us, Lat.j 
 
 1. Not strait ; not rectilinear. 
 
 2. Not tending otherwise than obliquely 
 or consequentially to a pm'pose ; as, an 
 indirect accusation. 
 
 3. Wrong ; improper. 
 
 The tender prince 
 Would fain have come with nie to meet your grace; 
 But by his mother was perforce with-held. 
 — ly, wliat an indirect and peevish course 
 Is itiis of her's ^ Sliakesp. Richard III. 
 
 4. Not fair ; not honest. 
 
 Think you, that an^- means under the sun 
 Can assccure so indirect a course ? Daniel. 
 
 Those tilings which they do know they may, 
 upon sundry nidirerf consideralious, let pass ; and 
 afihuugh themselves do not err, yet may tliey de- 
 ceive others. Hooker. 
 
 O pity and shame ! tliat they who to live well 
 Enter'd so tair, should turn aside, to tread 
 Paths indirect. Milton. 
 
 Indirect dealing will be discover'd one lime or 
 other, and then he l.ises his reputation. Tillotson. 
 
 Indiue'ction. n. $, [in and direction.'] 
 
 1. Oblique means; tendency not in a 
 straight line. 
 
 And ihus do «e, of wisdom and of reach, 
 Willi windlacus, and with essays of byas, 
 By iJtdi;"Pcn"o(ii hiid directions out. Shakcsp. Hamlet. 
 
 2. Dishonest practice. Not lised. 
 
 J had lather coin my heart than wring 
 From the hard hands of peasants their viie trash, 
 By any indirection. 6hakesp. Julius Cicsar. 
 
 Indire'ctly. adv. [from indirect.] 
 
 1. Not in a right line ; obliquel)'. 
 
 2. Not in express terms. 
 
 Still >he suppresses the name, which continues 
 his doubts and hopes ; and at last she indirectly 
 nienti -ns it. Broome. 
 
 3. Unfairly ; not rightly. 
 
 He bids you then resign 
 Your crown and kingdom, indirectly held 
 From him the true cliailenger. Shaltesp. Henrij V. 
 He that lakes any thing from his neighbL-ur, 
 which was justly forfeited, to satisfy Ids own 
 revenge or avarice, is tied t'> repentance, but not 
 to leatitution ; because 1 took the forfeiture indi- 
 recilyt I am answerable to God for my unhand- 
 fuiue unjust, or uncharitable circumstauccs. Taylor, 
 
 IX D 
 
 Indire'ctness. 11. s. [(■« and rfiVf rfnes*.] 
 
 1. Obliquity. 
 
 2. L'nt'ainiess ; dishonesty ; fraudulent art. 
 Indiscernible, adj. [in Rui /lisctrn- 
 
 ibli.] Nut perceptible ; not discover- 
 able. 
 
 Speculation, wliicli, to my dark soul, 
 Depriv'd of reason, ib as iiuliscernihtt 
 As colours to my budv, "anlins; sight. Denham. 
 
 Indisce'kniuly. udi: [from indiarern- 
 ibli-.] In a manner not to be perceivcil. 
 
 Indisce'rptible. adj. [in and disttr/j- 
 liblc] Not to be separated ; incapable 
 of being broken or tlestroyed by disso- 
 lution of parts. 
 
 Indiscerptibi'lity. n. s. [from indii- 
 cerplible.] Incapability of dissolution. 
 
 Indisco'veRY. n. s. [in and discovert/.] 
 The state of being hidden. An unusual 
 
 word . 
 
 The ground of this assertion was the magnifv- 
 ing esteem uf tlie ancients, arising from the indti- 
 covery of its liead. Enm n. 
 
 Indiscreet, adj. [indiscret, Fr. in 
 and discreef] Imprudent ; incautious ; 
 inconsiderate ; injudicious. 
 
 Whv then 
 Are mortal men so fond and indiscreet. 
 So evil gold to seek unto their aid ; 
 And having not complain, and having it upbraid? 
 
 iipetner. 
 
 If thou be among the indiscreet, observe the 
 
 time ; but be continually' among men of uiider- 
 
 stamliiig. ' Eccles. 
 
 Indiscreetly', adv. [from indiatrcit.] 
 Without prudence ; without considera- 
 tion ; without judgment. 
 
 Job on justice hatli aspersions flung, 
 And spoken indiscreetly with his ton(;ue. Sandys. 
 Let a great I'ersonage undertake an action pas- 
 sionately, let him niannge it indiscreetly, aisd he 
 shall have enough to tiaTter him. Tayliir. 
 
 Indiscre'tion. 11. s. [indiscretiun, Fr. 
 in and discntion.] Imprudence ; rash- 
 ness ; inconsideration. 
 
 Indiscretion sometimes serves us well. 
 When our deep plots do fail. Sliakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 His ortences did proceed rather from negligence, 
 rashness, or other i/idiicretiim, than from an} ma- 
 licious thought. hayuard. 
 
 Loose pajiers have been obtained from us b3' 
 the importunity and divulged by the im/iscre£ii il 
 of friends, altliough restrained by promises. .Sui/(. 
 
 Indiscriminate, adj. [indiscrimma- 
 tus, Lat.] Undistinguisb.able ; not 
 marked with any note of distinction. 
 
 Indiscri'minately. adv. [from indis- 
 criminate.'] Without distinction. 
 
 Olhers use defamatory discourse purely for love 
 of talk; whose speech, like a flowing current, 
 bears auay indiscriminately whatever lies in its 
 way. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Liquors, strong of acid sails, destroy the blue- 
 ness of the infusion of our wood ; and liquors in- 
 discriminately, that abound with sulphureous sails, 
 restore it. Boi/fc. 
 
 INDISPE'NSABLE. adj. [Fr.] Not to be 
 
 remitted ; not to be spared ; necessary. 
 
 Kocks, mountains, and caverns, against which 
 
 these exceptions are made, are of indispeusahtc use 
 
 and necessity, as well to earth as to man. ll'tWi/tc. 
 
 Indispe'nsableness. n. s. [from in- 
 dispensable.] Stpte of not being to be 
 spared ; necessity. 
 
 Indispe'nsably. adv. [fi-om indispen- 
 sable.] Without dispensation ; v,ilhout 
 remission ; necessarily. 
 
 IND 
 
 Every one most look upon himself as indispenr- 
 
 sahlii i.blii'cd to the practice of duty. Adaum. 
 
 7'« IKDISI'O'SI:. v. a [indispuser, \:t.\ 
 
 1. To make unfit: with^'«r. 
 
 Xoiliin" can be reckoned good ur bad to us in 
 this life, any farther than it prepares or inditiMUt 
 \i>.Jhr the enjoyments of another. Altubury. 
 
 2. To disincline ; to make averse : with lo. 
 
 It has a strange ellicacy to indisp-se llie heart to 
 religion. itrnt/i* >crn«m<. 
 
 3. To disorder ; to disqualify fur its pro- 
 per functions. 
 
 The soul is not now hindered in its actings hy 
 Ihf distc.oper.iture ii( indisposed organs. Clmrilie. 
 4 To disorder slightly with regard to 
 health. 
 
 Though it weakened, yet it made him rather 
 indi:iposed than sick, and did no ways disable him 
 from studying. _ II a//i>n. 
 
 ."i. To make unfavourable : with towards. 
 
 The king was sufficiently indispoud touurds the 
 persons or the principles of Calvin's disciples. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Indispo'sedness. n. s. [from indis- 
 posed.] State of unfitness or disinclina- 
 tion ; disordered state. 
 
 It is not any innate harshness in pielv that ren- 
 ders the first essays of it unpleasant ; that is ow- 
 ing only to the iiutisposedness of our own hearts. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 Indisposi'tion. 71. s. [indisposition, 
 Fr. from indispose.] 
 
 1. Disorder of health; tendency to sick- 
 ness ; slight disease. 
 
 The king did complain of a contiimal infirmitj 
 of body, yet rallier as au imiispusilion in bcalljh 
 than ai;y set sickness. hayurard. 
 
 I have known a great fleet lose great occasions, 
 by an iiidispoMiion of the admiral, while he was 
 neither well enough to e.\ercise, uor ill enougli to 
 leave the command. Temple. 
 
 Wisdom is still looking forward, from the first 
 indispositions into tlic progress of ihc disease. 
 
 U Estrange. 
 
 His life seems to have been prolonged beyond 
 its natural term, under those indisjiositions which 
 hung upon the latter part of it. Addison s Freeh. 
 
 2. Disinclination ; dislike : with to or to- 
 wards. 
 
 The iiirfispijsttiim of the church of Rome to reform 
 herself, must be no stay unto us from performing 
 our dutv to God. Hooker. 
 
 The liiind, by every degree of affected unbelief. 
 contracts more and more of a general indisposition 
 towards believing. yillerfcury. 
 
 In DISPL TABLE, adj. [in and disputi- 
 b/e.] incontrovertible ; incontesUible; 
 evident ; certain. 
 
 There is no maNim in politicks more indisputable, 
 than that a nation should have many honours to 
 reserve for those who do national services, .'iddis. 
 
 The apostle asserts a clear indispntabte conclu- 
 sion, which could admit of no question. Rogers. 
 
 Indispv'tableness. n. s. [from indis- 
 putable.] The state of being indispu- 
 table ; certainty ; evidence. 
 
 Indispl'tably'. adv. [from indisputa- 
 ble.] 
 
 1. A\'itIiout controversy ; certainly ; evi- 
 dently. 
 
 The thing itself is questionable, nor is it iiuiis- 
 pulahlu certain what <lcath she died. £r»ini. 
 
 2. W itiioiit oppositiop. 
 
 J'hcy questioned a duty that had been indispu- 
 tably granted lo so many preceding kings. HouH. 
 
 Indisso'lvable. adj. [in and dissolv- 
 able.] 
 
 I. Indissoluble; not separable as to its 
 parts. 
 
 971
 
 I N D 
 
 Metals, corroded with a little acid, turn into 
 rust, which is an earth tasteless and indissoluablt 
 in water ; and Lliis earth, imbibed witii more acid, 
 becomes a inetahck salt. Newton. 
 
 2. Obligatory ; not to be broken ; bind- 
 ing for ever. 
 
 Deposition and degradation are without hope of 
 any rcinission, autl therefore the law stiles them 
 an indissolvubU bund ■, but a censrn'c, a dissolvable 
 bond. Attlifj'e's Ftirergon. 
 
 Indissolubi'lity. n.s. [iitdissolubililc, 
 Fr. from ii)iii>:soluble.] 
 
 1. Resistance to a dissolving power ; firm- 
 ness ; slableness. 
 
 What hoops hold tliis mass of matter in so close 
 a pressure together from whence sleel has its firm- 
 ness, and the parts of a diamond iheir hardness 
 and indhsoluhilitij ? Loche. 
 
 2. Perpetuity of obligation. 
 
 Indi'ssolitble. adj. [indissoluble, Fr. 
 
 indissoliibilis, Lat. in and dixsiilub/c] 
 J. Hesisting all separation of its parts; 
 
 firm ; stable. 
 
 When common gold and lead are mingled, the 
 lead may be severed ahntist unaltered ; yet if, in- 
 stead ol^the gold, a tantillum of the red elixir be 
 mingled with the saturn, their imion will be so 
 indissoluble, that there is no possible way of sepa- 
 rating the dill'used elixir from the fixed lead. -Boj/ie. 
 2. Binding for ever ; subsisting for ever; 
 not to be loosed. 
 
 Far more comfort it were for us, to be joined 
 with you in bands u( iiidisiolublc love and amity, 
 to live as if our persons being many, our souls 
 were but one. Hooker. 
 
 There is the supreme and i?i!iis.w/iiWe consangui- 
 nity between men, of which the heathen poet saith 
 we are all bis generation. Imcons Holy War. 
 
 They might justly wonder, that men so taught, 
 so obliged to be kind to all, should behave them- 
 selves so contrary to such heavenly instructions, 
 such indissoluble obligations. South. 
 
 Indi'ssolubleness. }i.s. [from jrarfjV 
 solublc] Indissolubility; resistance to 
 separation of parts. 
 
 Adam, though consisting of a coniposilion in- 
 trhisically liissolvable, niight have held, by the 
 t)ivine Uill, a state of immortality and imlissolu- 
 bleness of his composition. Hale. 
 
 Indi'ssoluely. adv. [from indissolu- 
 ble.] 
 
 1. In a manner resisting all separation. 
 
 On they move 
 Indissolubly firm ; nor obvious hill. 
 Nor strait'niiig vale, nor wood, uor stream divide 
 Their perfect ranks. Milton. 
 
 The remaining ashes, by a further degree of 
 fire, may be indissolublu united into glass. Boyle. 
 
 They willingly unite, 
 Indissolublij firm : from Dubris south 
 To northsfn Orcades. Phillips. 
 
 2. For ever obligatorily. 
 Indisti'nct. adj. [indisiinct, Fr. in 
 
 and dislinclus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not plainly marked ; confused. 
 
 That wliich is now a horse, even with a thought, 
 Tlie rack dislinnis, and makes it indistinct 
 As water is in water. Shakesp. 
 
 S!ie warbled in her throat. 
 And tun'd her voice tu many a merry note ; 
 HaUndistinct, and neither sweet nor clear. Dn«tel. 
 
 When we speak of the infinite divisibility of 
 matter, we keep a vei'y clear and distinct idea of 
 division and divisibilfty ; but when we cnnu- to 
 p,arts too small for our senses, our ideas of ihese 
 little bodies become obscure and indistinct Walts. 
 
 2. Not exactly discerning. 
 
 We throw out our eyes for brave Othello, 
 Ev'n till we make the main and th' ffirial blue 
 Au indisiinct regard. Shakesp. 
 
 Indisti'nction. U.S. [(rom indistinct.] 
 
 I N D 
 
 1, Confusion ; uncertainty. 
 
 The indistinction of many of ilie same name, or 
 the misapplication of the act of one unto another, 
 hath made some doubt. Brown's I'ulgar Errours. 
 
 2 . Omission of discrimination ; indiscri- 
 mination. 
 
 .\n indistinction of all persons, or equality of all 
 orders, is far from being agreeable to the will of 
 God. Spratt. 
 
 Indisti'nctly. adv. [from indistinct.] 
 I. Confusedly; uncertainly ; 'without de- 
 finiteness or discrimination. 
 
 In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its 
 ends confusedly and indintinctli), the light there 
 vanishing by degrees. Neuton's Opticks. 
 
 '■Z. Without being distinguished. 
 
 Making trial thereof, both the lupiors soaked 
 indistinctly through the bowl. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Indistinctness, n.s. [from indistinct.] 
 Confusion ; uncertainty ; obscurity. 
 
 There is unevenness or indistinctness'm the style 
 of these places, concerning the origin and form of 
 the earth. Biiniei's Thcori/. 
 Old age makes the cornea and coat of the chry- 
 , for 
 
 staiine liumimr grow flatter ; so that the light, for 
 want of sufficient refraction, will not converge 
 to the bottom of the eye, but beyond it, and by 
 consequence paint in the bottom of the eye a con- 
 fused |)icture ; and according to the indistinctness 
 of this picture, the object will appear confused. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Indistu'rbance. n.s. [in and disturb.] 
 Calmness ; freedom from disturbance. 
 
 What is called by the Stoicks apathy, and by 
 the Scepticks indisturbance, seems all but to mean, 
 great tranrjuillity of mind. Temple. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL, adj. [individu, indivi- 
 duel, Fr. individims, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Separate from others of the same spe- 
 cies ; single ; numerically one. 
 
 Neither is it enough to consult, secundum gene- 
 ra, what the kind and character of the person 
 should be ; for the most judgment is shewn in the 
 choice of individuals. Bacon, 
 
 They present us with images more perfect thar 
 the life in any individual. Dryden's Vuj'resnoy. 
 
 Must the whole man, amazing thought! return 
 To the cold marble, or contracted urn ! 
 And never shall those particles agree. 
 That were in life this individual he ? Prior. 
 
 Know all the good that individuals find, 
 Lies in three words, health, peace, and compe- 
 tence. Pope. 
 
 We see each circumstance of art and individual 
 of nature summoned together by the extent and 
 fecundity of his imaj^inalion.' 
 
 Pope's Pref. to the Iliad. 
 
 It would be wise in them, as individual and pri- 
 vate mortals, to look back a little upon the storms 
 they have raised, as well as those they have es- 
 caped. Swift. 
 
 The object of any particular idea is called an 
 individual : so Peter is an imlividual man, London 
 is an individual city. - Watts. 
 
 2. Undivided ; not to be parted or dis- 
 joined. 
 
 To give thee being, I lent 
 Out of my side to thee, nearest my heart, 
 Substantial life, to have thee by my side 
 Henceforth an individual solace dear, Milton. 
 
 Long eternitv shall greet our bliss 
 WiUi aninrficir/uiil kiss. _ Milton. 
 
 Under his great vicegerent reign abide 
 United, as one individual soul. 
 For ever happy. Milton. 
 
 Individu a'lity. n.s. [from individual.] 
 Separate or distinct existence. 
 
 He would tell his instructor, that all men were 
 not singular ; that individualitu coidd hardly be 
 predicated of any man ; for it was commonly said, 
 that a man is not the same he was, and that mad- 
 men are beside themselves. Arbuthwt. 
 
 I N 1) 
 
 Indivi'dually. adv. [from individu- 
 
 I. With separate or distinct existence; 
 numerically. 
 
 How should that subsist solitarily by itself, 
 which hath no sulistance, but individiutlly the verj 
 same whereby others subsist with it ? Hooker, 
 •2. Not separably ; incommunicably. 
 
 I dare not pronounce him omniscious, that 
 being an attribute individually proper to the god- 
 head, and incommunicable to any created sub- 
 stance. HakewiU. 
 
 To Indivi'duate. v. a. [from inditi- 
 duus, Lat.] To distinguish from other* 
 of the same species ; to make single. 
 
 Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that 
 have their distinct sense and pleasure. More. 
 
 No man is capable of translating poetry, who, 
 besides a genius to that art, is not a master both 
 of his author's language and of his own ; nor must 
 we understand the language only of the poet, but 
 his particular turn of thoughts and expression, 
 which are tlie characters that distinguish and in- 
 dividuate him from all other writers, Dryden. 
 
 Individu'ation. n. s. [fi-nm indit'idu- 
 ate] That which makes an indi\ idual. 
 
 \\'hat is the principle of individuation ^ Or 
 what is it that makes any one thing the same as 
 it was before ? Wattt. 
 
 Individu'ity. n. s. [from individuus, 
 
 Lat.] The state of heing an individual; 
 separate existence. 
 Indivi'nity. n. s. [in and divinity.] 
 Want of divine power. Not in use. 
 
 How openly did the oracle betray his itidivinity 
 unto Croesus, who being ruined by his amphibo- 
 logy, and expostulating with him, received no 
 higher answer than the excuse of his impoteucy. 
 
 Brouti. 
 
 Indivisibi'lity. ')n. s. [from indi- 
 
 Indiv'isibleness. 5 visible.] State in 
 
 which no more division can be made. 
 
 A pestle and mortar will as soon bring any par- 
 ticle of matter to indiv'tsibility as the acutest 
 thought of a mathematician. Locke. 
 
 Indivi'sible. adj. [indivisible, Fr. in 
 and divisible.] What cannot be broken 
 into parts ; so small as that it caimot be 
 smaller ; having reached the last degree 
 of divisibility. 
 
 By atom, no body will imagine we intend to 
 express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort 
 of natural bodies. _ . D'Sh- 
 
 Here is but one indivisible point of time ob- 
 served, but one action iierforiued ; yet the eye 
 cannot comprehend at once the whole object.Ory. 
 
 Indivi'sibly. adv. [from indivisible.] 
 
 So as it cannot be divided. 
 Indo'cible. adj. [in and docible.] Un- 
 
 teachable ; insusceptible of instrtiction. 
 Indo'cil. adj. [indocile, Fr. indocilis, 
 
 Lat.] Unteachable ; incapable of being 
 
 instructed.] 
 
 These certainly are the fools in the text, indocU, 
 intractable fools, whose stolidity can balile all ar- 
 guments, and is proof against demonstration itself. 
 Bcntlcy's Sermont, 
 
 Indoci'lity. n.s. [indocilite, Tr. in and 
 docility.] Unteachableness ; refusal of 
 instruction. 
 
 To INDOCTRINATE, v. a. [cndoctri- 
 ner, old Fr.] " To instruct ; to tincture 
 with any science, or opinion. 
 
 Under a master that discoursed excellently, 
 and took much delight inindoctrimiting '"syoiiig 
 unexperienced favourite, Bucknigham had ol>- 
 tained a quick conception of speaknig very grace- 
 fully and pertinently. ClarendoH. 
 
 972
 
 IN D 
 
 They that never peejit beyond the common be 
 lief, ill which iheir easy undcrslandinps were at 
 first indoctrinated, art' strongly assured of the truth 
 of tht;jr receptions. Cilunvilk 
 
 Indoctrination, n. s. [from hidoc- 
 trinafi',] Instruction ; information. 
 
 Although postulates are very aecouiniodaL>Ie 
 unto junior indoctrinutioux, yet are these authori- 
 ties not to be embraced bejond tlie minority of 
 our intellectuals. Broicn 
 
 I'ndolenck. 1 n, s. [in and doho, Lat. 
 I'ndolency. ) indohncey Fr.] 
 
 1. Freedom from pain. 
 
 As there must be iiuloleuoi wliere tlicre is haji- 
 piness, bo there must not be indigency. Burnet. 
 
 I liave case, it it may not rather be called indo- 
 lence. Hough. 
 
 2, Laziness ; inattention ; listlessness. 
 
 Let Epicurus give indolency as an attribute t»; 
 his ^iids, and place it in the happiness of the blest; 
 the Jjivinity which we worship has given us not 
 only a precept against it, but las own example to 
 tlie contrary. Drtfden. 
 
 The Spanish nation, roused from their ancient 
 indolciu:€ aiid ignorance, seem liow to improve 
 trade. Bulingbroke. 
 
 INDOLENT, adj, [Fr.] 
 
 1. Free from pain. So the chii'urgeons 
 speak of an indolent tumour. 
 
 2. Careless; lazy; inattentive; listless. 
 
 Ill fiis a chief 
 To waste long nights in indolent repose. Pope's lit. 
 
 I'ndolently. adv. [from indolait.'] 
 
 1. With freedom from pain. 
 
 2, Carelessly ; lazily ; inatteiitively ; list- 
 lessly. 
 
 \\ bile lull'd by sound, and undisturb'd by wit, 
 Calm and serene you indaleniit) sit. Addison. 
 
 To Indo'w. I', fl. [hidotai'e, Lat.] To 
 portion ; to enrich with gifts, whether 
 of fortune or nature. See Endow. 
 
 Indra'ught. 71. s. [in and draught.'] 
 
 1. An opening in the land into which the 
 sea flows. 
 
 Ebbs and floods there could be none, when 
 tliere was no indraughttj bays, or gulphs to receive 
 a flood. Raleigh. 
 
 2. Inlet ; passage inwards. 
 
 Navigable rivers are indraughts to attain wealth. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 To Indre'nch. v. a. [from drench.] 
 To soak : to drown. 
 
 My hopes lie drowu'd ; in many fatiioms deep 
 They lie indrench'd. Shakesp. Troilm and Cressida. 
 
 Indu'bious. adj. [in and dubious.] Not 
 doubtful ; not suspecting ; certain. 
 
 Hence appears the vulgar vanity of reposing an 
 
 indidnoiis confidence in tffose antipestilcntial spi- 
 
 - rits. Harvci). 
 
 Indu'eitable. adj. [induhitahilis, Lat. 
 indubitable^ Fr. in anddubitable.] Un- 
 doubted ; unquestionable ; evident ; 
 certain in appearance ; clear ; plain. 
 
 \\ hen general observations are drawn from so 
 many particulars as to become certain and indubi- 
 table, tiiese are jewels of knowledge. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Indu'bitably. adv. [from indubitabU.] 
 Undoubtedly ; unquestionably. 
 
 If we transpiirt these proportions from nndible 
 to visible objects, there will indnhitablii result from 
 either a graceful and harmoni'ius contentment. 
 I Wottmis Arrhitcctnre. 
 
 The patriarchs were indabitiddy invested with 
 both these authorities. Spratt. 
 
 I appeal to all sober JudL'es, whether our souls 
 may be only a mere eciio from clashing atoms ; or 
 rather induhitabiy must proceed from a, spiritual 
 substance. Bentley. 
 
 Indu'bitate. adj, [induhitatus, Lat.] 
 
 IN D 
 
 Unquestioned; certain ; apparent ; evi- 
 dent. 
 
 If lie stood upon his own title of the house of 
 Lincaster, he knew it was condemned by parlia- 
 ment, and tended directly to the disinherison of 
 tlie line of York, held tlien the indnhitate heirs of 
 the crown. Bacons Henry \l\. 
 
 1 have been tempted to wonder how, among tlie 
 jealousies of state and court, Edgar Atheling could 
 subsist, being then the apparent and indnhitate 
 fieir of the Savon Hue. H'otton. 
 
 I'o iNDU'CE. V, a. [induireyVv. induce, 
 
 Lat.] 
 I. To influence to any thing; topersuade: 
 of persons. 
 
 The self-same argument in thrs kind, wliich 
 doth but induce the vulgar sort to like, may con- 
 strain the wiser to yield. Hooker. 
 
 This iady, albeit she was furnished with many 
 excellent endowments botli of nature and educa- 
 tion, yet would she never be induced to entertain 
 marriage with any. Hayward. 
 
 Desire with thee still longer to converse 
 Induced me. Bacon. 
 
 Let not the covetous design of growing rich 
 induce you to ruin your reputation, hut rather sa- 
 tisfy yourself with a moderate fortune ; and let 
 your thoughts be wholly taken up with acquiring 
 to yourself a glorious name. Drydcn. 
 
 2. To produce by persuasion or influence ; 
 of things. 
 
 Let the vanity of the times be restrained, which 
 the neighbourhood of other nations iiave induced, 
 and we strive apace to exceed our pattern. U^/ecji. 
 
 As belief is absolutely necessary to all mankind, 
 the evidence Uir inducing it must be of that nature 
 as to accommodate itself to all species of men. 
 
 Forbes. 
 
 3. To ofler by way of induction, or con- 
 sequential reasoning. 
 
 They play much upon the simile, or illustrative 
 argumentation, to induce their enthymemcs unto 
 the pe.jple, and take up popular conceits. ^Broini. 
 
 4. To inculcate ; to enforce. 
 
 This induces a general change of opinion, con- 
 cerning the person or party like to be obeyed by 
 the greatest or strongest part of the \)Gop\c.Teinp. 
 
 5. To cause extrinsically; to produce; 
 to eflect. 
 
 Sour things induce a contraction in the nerves, 
 placed in the mouth of the stomach, which is a 
 great cause of appetite. Bacon. 
 
 Acidity, as it is not the natural state of the ani- 
 mal fluids, but induced by aliment, is to be cured 
 by aliment with the contrary qualities. Arbuthnot. 
 
 6. To introduce ; to bring into view. 
 
 To exprobratc their stupidity', he ijiduceth thv 
 providence of storks : now, if the bird had been 
 unknown, the illustration had been obscure, and 
 the exprobration not so proper. Broun. 
 
 The poet may be seen inducing his personages 
 in tiie (irstlliad, where he discovers theirhumours, 
 interests, and designs. Po}>e. 
 
 7. To bring on ; to superinduce; to effect 
 gradually. 
 
 Schism is marked out by the apostle as a kind 
 of petrifying crime, wliich induces that induration 
 to which the fearful expectation of wrath is con- 
 sequent. Decay oj' Piety. 
 
 Indu'cement. n. s. [from induce.] 
 Motive to anything; that which allures 
 or persuades to any thing. 
 
 The former inducements do now much more pre- 
 vail, when the very thing hath ministered further 
 reason. Hooker. 
 
 Many inducements, besides Scripture, may lead 
 me to that, which if Scripture be against, they are 
 of no value, 3'el otherwise are strongly eftectual 
 to persuade. Hooker, 
 
 That mov'd me to*t, 
 Then mark th' ijiduccment. Shakesp. Henry VIU. 
 
 He li\es 
 Higher ilegrce of life ; inducement strong 
 I'^or us. Milton. 
 
 IND 
 
 Mj inducement hi Cher, 
 Wjh not at present here lc> find my son. Milt. 
 Instances occur of oppression, to which tiicre 
 appears no indttcement from the circurustunccs of 
 tlie actors. Jlogert. 
 
 Indu'cer. n. s. [from induce.'] A per- 
 suader ; one that influences. 
 To INDUCT. V. a. [induitus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To introduce ; to bring in. 
 
 The ccrctnonies in tlic gathering were first if>- 
 ducted by the Venetians. Surtdys's TrattU. 
 
 2. To put into actual possession of a be- 
 nefice. 
 
 If a persctn thus instituted, though not induct- 
 ed, takes a second benefice, it siiall make tlie first 
 void. Ayitffti Parerpon. 
 
 Indu'ction. n.s. [inductiun, Vr. induc- 
 tio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Introduction; entrance; anciently pre- 
 face. 
 
 These promises are fair, the parties sure. 
 And our inducUoii full of jirusp rous ho[>e.A7iafetfip. 
 ■2. Inductiun is when, from several parti- 
 cular proj)ositions, we infer one general: 
 a.s, the doctrine of the Socitiians cannot 
 be proved from the gospels, it cannot 
 be proved from tlie acts of the apostles, 
 it cannot be proved from the epistles, 
 nor the book of revelations ; therefore 
 it cannot be proved from the New Tes- 
 tament. Wat Is' s Logic k. 
 
 The inquisition by itiduction is wonderfu! b.-ird; 
 for the things reporierl :ne t'uU of fables, and nc^¥ 
 experiiuents can hardly be made but with e.\tren)« 
 cauiion. JJiiCim. 
 
 ^lalhematical things are only capable of clear 
 demonstration : cnclusions in natural philosophj 
 are proved by induction of cxperiiuents, things 
 nu)r;d by moral arguments, and matters of fact by 
 credible tcstiraony. Tillotscn. 
 
 Allliough the arguing from experiments and 
 ob.servatiuns by iiuiuctiun be no demonstration of 
 general conclusions, yet it is the best way of ar- 
 guing wliicli tile nature of things admits of, and 
 may be looked upon ai so much the stronger bv 
 how much the indnctiitti is more general : and if 
 no exception occur from phoenomeiia, the conclu- 
 sion may be general. Ken-tons Optich. 
 
 He brought in a new way of arguing from in- 
 ductiim, and that grounded" upon observation and 
 experiments. Baker. 
 
 3. 'i'he act or state of taking possession 
 of an ecclesiastical living. 
 
 Indu'ctive. adj. [from indttct.] 
 
 1 . Leading ; persuasive : with to. 
 
 A brutish vice, 
 Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. Milton. 
 
 2. Capable to infer or produce. 
 Abatements may take away infallible conclu- 
 
 dcney in these evidences of fact, yet tliey may be 
 probable and inductive of credibility, though nut 
 of science. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 3. Proceeding not by demonstration, but 
 induction. 
 
 To In Dtj'E. r. (7. [iti duo, Lat."] 
 
 1. To invest ; to clotlie. 
 
 One tirst matter all, 
 Indn'd with vaiitius forms. Milton. 
 
 2. It seems sometimes to be, even by good 
 writers, confounded with tndotv or in- 
 dniv, to furnish or enrich with any tjua- 
 lity or excellence. 
 
 Tlie angel, by whom God \ndn''d the waters of 
 Betbesda wilh*Mip''rnatural virtup %vas not seen; 
 yet the angel's presence was knowTi by the waters. 
 
 Hooker. 
 His pow'rs, with dreadful strength indu\l. 
 
 Chijpman. 
 
 To INDULGE, r. a. [indulsco, Lat] 
 
 «73
 
 1 N D 
 
 1. To encourage by compliance. 
 
 The lazy pluttuii safe at Iionu' will keep ; 
 Indulge fiis slutli, and fatten with his sleep. Driy? 
 
 2. To fondle ; to favour; to gratify wiili 
 concession ; to foster. If the matter of 
 indulgence be a single thing, it has with 
 befor*' it ; if it be a habit, it has in : as, 
 he iiidulgt'd himsdj with a draught of 
 wine ; and, he indulged himsdj in 
 sh a m efn I di • u n ke n ness . 
 
 A motlier was wunt to j/idn/^e her daughters 
 with iio'^s, squirrels, or birds ; bul then they must 
 keep theiu well. 'Locke. 
 
 ^ 'io live like those that have their hope in another 
 life, ini|ilies that wc hidutge ourselves in the gra- 
 tilications of this life very sparingly. Atterbury. 
 
 3. To grant not of right but favour. 
 Ancient privileges, huiulged by former kiigs to 
 
 tiieir people, must not without high reason be re- 
 voked b^' their successors. Taulor 
 
 The virgin ent'ring bright, indulged the day 
 To the brown cave, and brush'd the dreams away. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 But since among mankind so few there are, 
 W'ho will conform to philosophick fare, 
 This much I will indulge thee for thy ease, 
 And mingle something of our times to please. Dit/. 
 
 My friend, indulge one labour more, 
 And seek Atrides. Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 Vet, 3et a moment, one dim ray ot light 
 Indulge, dread chaos and eternal nii^ht ! Pope. 
 
 To Indu'lge, v. n. [A Latinism not in 
 use.] To be favourable ; to give in- 
 dulgence : ivith to. 
 
 He must, by indulging to one sort of reproveable 
 discourse himself, defeat his endeavours against 
 the rest. Governmeitt of the Tongue. 
 
 Indulgence, In, s, [indulgence, Fr. 
 Indulgency, 3 from induIgeJ] 
 J. Fondness; fond kindness. 
 
 Restraint she will not brook ; 
 And left to herself, if evil thence ensue, 
 She first his weak indulgence will accuse. Milton. 
 
 The glories of our isle, 
 Which yet like golden ore, unripe in beds, 
 Exptcl the warm indulgencu of heaven, Drijd. 
 
 2, Forbearance; tenderness: opposite to 
 rigour. 
 
 They err, that through indulgence to others, or 
 fondness to any sin io themselves, substitute for 
 repentance any thing less. Hammond on Fanda. 
 
 In known images of life, I gaess 
 The labour gieuLer, as th' indulgence less. Pope. 
 
 3, Favour granted ; liberality. 
 
 If all these gracious indnlgenciea are without any 
 effect on us, we must perish in our own (oUy.Rog. 
 
 4* Grant of the chm'ch of Rome, not de- 
 fined by themselves. 
 
 Thou, that giv'sl whores indulgences to sin, 
 I'll canvass thee. Shakesp. Henry VI 
 
 Indulgences, dispenses, pardons, bulls. 
 The sp.iit of winds. Milton. 
 
 In purgatory, indulgences, and supererouaiii:n, 
 the asseriors seem to be unanimous in nothJnt; but 
 profit. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Leo X. is deservedly infamous for his b.isc 
 prostitution oi indulge}icies. Aiterhary. 
 
 Indulgent, adj. \i71dulgtnt, Fr. //*- 
 dnlgens, Lat.] 
 
 1, Kind; gentle; liberal. 
 
 God has done all for us that the nwst indulgent 
 Creator cuuld do for the work of his hands. Ki<i;t(s. 
 
 2, iUild ; favourable. 
 
 Hereafter such in thy behalf shall be 
 Th' indul'^fnt censure of posterity. Waller. 
 
 3, Gratifying ; favouring ; giving way 
 to : with of. 
 
 The feeble old, indulgent of their case. Vrx^den. 
 
 Indu'lgently. adv, [from indulgentJ] 
 Without severity ; without censure ; 
 without self-reproach; with indulgence. 
 
 I N D 
 
 He that not only commits some act of sin, but 
 lives indulgently in it, is never to he counted a re 
 generate man. Hammoml. 
 
 Indu'lt, ^ n.s. [Ital. and Fr.] Privi- 
 Iddl'lto. J lege or exemption. 
 To I'NDURATE. r.n. [induro, Lat] 
 To grow hard ; to harden. 
 
 Stones within the eartli at first are but rude earth 
 or clay ; and so minerals come at fir^t of juices con- 
 crete, which afterwards indurate. Bac. Nat. H;V 
 
 That plants and ligneous bodies may indurate 
 under water without approachment of air, we have 
 experiments in corraihnes. Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 To I'NDURATE. l\ G. 
 
 1. To make hard. 
 
 A contracted mtiurafed bladHerisacircumstance 
 sometimes attending on the stone, and incieed an 
 extraoidinpiry dangerous one. Sharp's Surgerif. 
 
 2. To harden the mind ; to sear the con- 
 science. 
 
 Indura'tion. n,s. [from indurtiteJ] 
 I. The state of growing hard. 
 
 This is a notable instance of condensation and 
 induration, by burial under earth, in caves, for a 
 K>ni* time. Ba£on. 
 
 '1. The act of hardening. 
 
 3. Obckiracy ; hardness of heart. 
 
 Schism is marked out b^- the a[)OsLle as a kind 
 of petrify ing crime, which induces that indurution 
 to which the fearful expectation of wrath is con- 
 sequent. Decaii tf P(tfi/. 
 
 INDUSTRIOUS, adj, [induslrimx, Fr, 
 industrinSj Lat.] 
 
 1. Diligent; laborious; assiduous: op- 
 posed to slothful. 
 
 Frugal and indmtrious men are commonly friend- 
 ly to tne established goverrnnent. Temple. 
 ^. Laborious to a particular end : oppo- 
 site to remiss. 
 
 Pie himself, being excellently learned, and in- 
 dusti'ious to seek out tlie truth of all tilings con- 
 cerning the original of his own people, hath set 
 down the testimony of the ancients truly Spemcr. 
 
 Let our just' censures 
 Attend the true event, and put wc on 
 Industrious soldiership. Shakesjh 
 
 His thoughts were low : 
 To vice indu.^trions ; but to nobler deeds 
 Timorous and slothful. Milton. 
 
 3. Designed ; done for the purpose. 
 
 The industrious perforation of the tendons of 
 the second joints of fingers and toes, draw the ten- 
 dons of the third joints through. More. 
 
 Observe carefully all the events which happen 
 either by an occasional concurrence of various 
 causes, or by the industrious application of know- 
 ing men. Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Indu'striously. adv, [from industri- 
 ous.'] 
 
 1. With habitual dIUgence ; not idly, 
 
 2. Diligently; laboriously; assiduously. 
 Great Britain was never before uniied under 
 
 one king, niituithstanding that the uniting liad 
 been indtistriously attempted both by war and 
 peace. " Bacon. 
 
 3. For the set purpose ; with design. 
 
 Some friends to vice industriously defend 
 These innocent diversions, and pretend 
 That 1 the tricks of youth too roughly blame. Dry 
 
 I am not under the necessity of (leciaring 103'- 
 self, and I industriously covh:gh\ my name, which 
 wholly exempts me from any ho,_es and fears. 
 
 Su^ft. 
 
 I'ndustry. 71. s. [industrie, Fr. indus- 
 iriOt Lat.] Diligence ; assiduity ; ha- 
 bitual or actual laboriousness. 
 
 The sweat oHndustry would dry and die, 
 But for the end it works to. Shakesp. Cytnb. 
 
 See the laborious bee 
 For little drops of honey flee. 
 And there with humble sweets content her i7idus- 
 try. Cowley. 
 
 I N E 
 
 Providence would only initinte mankind iiito 
 tlie useful knowledge of lier trcabures, lejivinj the 
 rest to eTii|.loy our iiidmti-y, tllat we lllijlit >iof live 
 like idle loiterers. " Unre 
 
 To INE'BRIATE. v. a. [inebrio, Lat.j 
 To intoxicate ; to make drunk. 
 
 Wines snnnrcd inchrititeth less than wine pure ; 
 sojjs in wine, quantity for quanlitv, inehriate more 
 than wine of itself. " Bacim. 
 
 Fish, entering f;ir in and meeting with the fresi 
 water, as if iKciiiaffii, turn up Ihcir bellies and 
 are t.ikon. Sandqs. 
 
 To In EBRi ATE. V. n. To grow druiili ; 
 to be intoxicated. 
 
 At Constant inople, fish, that come from the 
 Euxine sea into the fresh water, do inehriate and 
 turn up Iheir bellies, so as jou may take them 
 with your hand Bacon. 
 
 Inebriation, n. s. [from inehriate.\ 
 
 Drunkenness ; intoxication. 
 
 That cornelians and bloodstones may be of vir- 
 tue, experience will make us grant ; but not that 
 an ametiiyst prevents inebriation. Broivn 
 
 Ineffabi'lity. n.s. [from ineffable.'] 
 
 Un.speakableness. 
 Ine'ffable. adj. [intffublc, Fr intffa- 
 bilh, l.at.] Unspeakable ; unutterable; 
 not to be expressed. It is used almost 
 always in a jrood sense. 
 
 I'u whom the S ur, with cahn aspect, and clear, 
 L'irlil'ning divine, inejfabte, serene ! 
 Made answer. Milton. 
 
 Reflect ujion a clear, unblotted, acquitted con- 
 science, and feed w on the Inell'nl'le emuforts of 
 the memorial of a conquered teiuotati ^n. :<:mth, 
 Ine'ffably. adv. [from imffable.] In 
 a manner not to be e.xpressed. 
 
 He all his father full cxpress'd, 
 huji'alilij into his face leceiv'd. Miltim. 
 
 Ineffective, adj. [inefftctif, \'r. in 
 and tfftctive.] That which can produce 
 no effect ; unactive ; incfiicieot ; u.seless. 
 
 As tl-,e body, wilh.JMt blood, is a dead and life- 
 less trtnik ; so is the word of God, witiiont the 
 spirit, a dead and ituijective letter. Tmjlor. 
 
 He that assures 111. nself he never errs, will al- 
 ways err ; and his presumptions will render all 
 attempts to inform him ineffective. Glanville, 
 
 Ineffectual, adj. [in and effectual.] 
 Unable to produce its proper eS'ect ; 
 weak ; wantiiia^ power. 
 
 The pubtick reading of the Apocrypha they 
 condeu)n as a llnng eilectual imto evil : the bare 
 readini; even of Scriptures themselves they mis- 
 like, as a thini: inelf'ectiiul to do good. Hooker. 
 
 'I'he death of Patrocles, joined to the oiJ'er of 
 
 Aj:amemnon, which of itself had proved ineffec- 
 
 tuul. Pope. 
 
 Ineffe'ctually. adiK [from iiieffectu- 
 
 a/.] Without effect. 
 
 Ineffe'ctualness. ti.s. [from itiffec- 
 iiial.] Inetticacy ; want of power to 
 perform the proper effect. 
 
 .St. James speaks of the ineff'pctualnesf^ of some 
 men's devotion, Ve ask, and receive not, because 
 ye ask amiss. Hake. 
 
 Ineffica'cious. adj. [inefflcace, Fr. 
 inefficai, L.at.] Unable to produce ef- 
 fects ; weak ; feeble. Ineffctnal rather 
 denotes an actual failure ; and ineffica- 
 cicus, an habitual impotence toanj- effect. 
 Is not that better than always to have the rod 
 in hand, and, by frequent use, misapply and ren- 
 der inethcacious this useful remedy ? Locke. 
 
 Ine'fficacy. n. s. [i?i and efpcncia, 
 Lat.] Want of power ; want of effect. 
 
 Ine'legance. In. s. [from inelegant.] 
 
 Ine'legancy. 3 Absence of beauty; 
 want of elegance. 
 
 974
 
 IN E 
 
 INE'LEGANT. adj, [indcgans, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not becoming; not beautitul : o])po- 
 site to cifgant. 
 
 \\ hat order, so confriv'd as not to mix 
 Tastes, not well jniiiM, intle^ant, but hriiig 
 Taste after taste, upheld with kindliest chitnce 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Tliis very variety of sea and land, hill and liulv, 
 
 wluch is here reputed so inelegant and imbfcuni- 
 
 ing, is indeed extremely charming and a^ncdljk-. 
 
 \[ uoduarU. 
 
 2. Wanting ornament of lani^uage, 
 
 Ml dern cnlick*, lmv;n^ never ri-.id Homer, but 
 
 in luu and ineU^ant Ua.i-Iati'.ns, iiwputc the 
 
 me;ui!U'i.s nf ihe traushitiou tu the poet, lirvome. 
 
 Ine'loquT-NT. a{(j. [in and df^qnvns, 
 
 ■ Lat.] Not persuasive; not oratorical : 
 
 opposite to eloqudit. 
 Ine'ft. adj. [intptiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. TriHing; foolish. 
 
 The worki uf iWtlure, being ut-itlier useless nor 
 iiwpt, must be guided by some princij'le of kno-.v- 
 lediic. ^iore. 
 
 After llieir various unsuccessful ways, 
 Tliirir fruiiless labour, and uiept essays, 
 Ko caLi=e of tiiebC appearances tliev'll find, 
 But power exerted by tli' Eternal ^Iilld. Blachm. 
 
 2. Unfit for any purpose ; useless. 
 
 Wlicn ilie upper and vegetative stratum was 
 once washed oii' by raias, the liills would liave 
 become barren, the strata below yielding only 
 mere sterile matter, such as was wliolly inept and 
 iui|->ro;jer for the funnaliun of vegetables. Ii Oi.'du-. 
 
 Ine'ptly. adv. [itieptcyLsiX.] Triflingly; 
 foolishly ; unfitly. 
 
 None of them are made foolishly or incp//y.3Iiwe. 
 All things were at first disj-osed by an omnisci- 
 ent intellect, that cannot contrive ineptly. Olun. 
 
 Ine'ptitude. 71, s, [from ineptus, Lat.] 
 
 Unfitness. 
 
 The grating and rubbing of the axes against tlie 
 sockets, wherein they are placed, will cause some 
 ineptitude or resislcncy to the rotation of the cy- 
 linder, h'ilkius. 
 
 An omnipotent agent works infaliibU' and irre- 
 sistibly, no ineptitude or stubbornness of the mat- 
 ter benig ever able ti> iiinder him. Hay on the Cieu. 
 
 There is ari ineptitude to motiiu from too great 
 l-dAity, and an ineptitude to motiou from too great 
 tension. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ineql ALITY. w. 5. [inegalite, Fr. from 
 inteqitalilas and iiKEqualiSj Lat,] 
 
 1. Ditlerence of comparative quantity. 
 
 There is so great an incquaiity in the length of 
 our Icg^ and arms, as makes it impossible for us 
 to walk on all fnur. Ray. 
 
 2. Unevenness ; interchange of higher 
 and lower pails. 
 
 'n»e country is cut into so many hills and ine- 
 quatities as renders it defensible. Addison on Italy. 
 
 The glass seemed «ell wrought; yet when it 
 was quicksilvered, the reflexion discovered innu- 
 merable inequalities all over the glass. A'eiiion'i Op. 
 
 If there were no incquaUiies in the surface of 
 the earth, nor in the seasons of the year, we should 
 lose a considerable share of the vegetjible king- 
 doiu. Bentieu. 
 
 3. Disproportion to any office or purpose; 
 state of not being adetjuate ; inadequate- 
 ness. 
 
 ^ Tlte great inequality of all things to the appe- 
 tites of a rational soul appears from this, that in 
 all worldly things a man finds not half the pleasure 
 in the actual possession that he proposed in the 
 expectation. South. 
 
 4. Change of state ; unlikeness of a thing 
 to itself ; difference of temper or quality. 
 
 In some places, by the nature of the earth, and 
 by the situation of \voods and hills, the air is more 
 unequal than in others ■, and inequality of air is 
 ever an enemy to health. Bacon. 
 
 5. Difference of rank or station. 
 
 IN E 
 
 If so small inrqnttHtij bclweou man and man 
 make in llifin modest^)" a commendable virlue, 
 who respecting supciiors as superiors, can neither 
 speak nor stand before them without fear. Hooker. 
 
 Inerrabi'mty. n. s. [from inrrrabhl 
 Kxeiiiptioii IVoni en-or ; iiiFallibility. 
 
 I canii't allow their wis<lom such a c(Mii[»letc- 
 niss and mtrrabilily as to exclude nivself from 
 judjiing. King CharUs. 
 
 \SE'RR\m.E. ailj. [;■« and fiT.] Ex- 
 em()t from errour. 
 
 W'c have conviction from reason, or decisions 
 from the inerrable and requisite conditions of 
 sense. liroun. 
 
 Infallibility and inerrahleness is assumed by 
 tlio R.iniish church, without anj iuei-rahle ground 
 to build it on. Hammond. 
 
 Ine'rrabi.eness. n.s. [from inen-ai/r .] 
 Exemption from error. 
 
 Iuf;illibility and i»ifiT<(6/t'ness is assumed and in- 
 closed bv the Romish church, without any inerra- 
 ble ground tu build it on. Hammond on Fujtdamen. 
 
 Ine'rrably. adv. [from iiirrrable.] 
 \Vith security from errour ; infallibly. 
 
 Ine'rringly. adv. [in and erring-.] 
 ANithout errour ; without mistake ; 
 ■without deviation. 
 
 That divers limners at a distance, without copy, 
 sbould draw ibe same picture, is more conceiva- 
 ble, than that matter sbould frame itself so iner- 
 rin^lil according to the idea of its kind. GlanviUe. 
 
 INERT, adj. [iners, Lat.] DuU ; slug- 
 gish ; motionless. 
 
 Body alone, inert and brute, you'll find ; 
 The caui^e of all tilings is by you assign'd. Black. 
 
 Informer of ibc planetary train ! 
 Without whose quickening" glance their cumb'rous 
 
 orbs 
 Were brute unlively mass, inert and dead. Thorns, 
 
 Ine'rtly. adv. [from inert.] Sluggish- 
 ly ; dully. 
 
 Ye pow'rs. 
 Suspend a while your force inertiystrong.Dunciod. 
 
 Inesca'tion. n.s. [in and Mca, Lat.] 
 The act of baiting. Diet. 
 
 Ine'stimable. adj. [inestimable, Fr. 
 inestimahilis, Lat.] Too valuable to be 
 rated ; transcending all price. 
 
 I tbouiibt I saw a thousand fearful wrecks, 
 A tliousand men that fishes giiaw'd upon ; 
 ^Vedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl, 
 /nf5fimai/e stones, un\alu'd jewels. Shak. R. III. 
 
 The poj)e thereupon took advantage, abusing 
 the sinnrlicity of tlie king, to suck out ineslimabie 
 sums of nioiiey, to the intolerable grievance of 
 both the clergy and temporality. Abl)ot. 
 
 There we shall see a sight worthy dying for, 
 that blessed Saviour, of whom the Scripture does 
 so cxcelieatly entertain us, and who does so high- 
 ly deserve of us upon the score of his infinite per- 
 lections, and his inestimable benefits. Botjle. 
 
 .\nd shall this prize, 1h' inestimal-le prize. 
 On that rapacious hand for ever blaze ! Popt. 
 
 Ine'vident adj. [incvidcnt, Fr. in and 
 evident.] Not plain ; obscure. Not in 
 use. 
 
 The habit of faith in divinity is an argument of 
 things unseen, and a stable assent unto tilings t'ne- 
 vident, upon authority of the divine revealer. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Inevitabi'lity. n.s. [from inevilablc.] 
 Impossibility to be avoided ; certainty. 
 By liberty, I do understand neither a liberty 
 froin sin, misery, scrvituile, nor violence, but from 
 necessity, or rather necessitation ; that is, an uni- 
 versal iiumunily from all iiicii(a6i/i(y aitd deter- 
 mination to one. Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 
 INEVITABLE, adj. [inevitable, Fr. 
 
 .INE 
 
 inrvitabilis, Lat] Unavoidable ; not to 
 be escaped. 
 
 1 had a (lass with him : he gives me the stuckin 
 with such a mortal motion, that it is ina-itable. 
 
 Shakesp. Tmtjth Xig/it. 
 Fate inexilable 
 Subdues us. Milum. 
 
 Since my inevitable deatli you know. 
 You safely unavailing pity iUf^vf.Lhyien's .luren. 
 
 Ine'vitably. "dv. [from inevitable.] 
 Without possibility of escape. 
 
 The day tliou eat'st thereof, m^' Kile comraaud 
 Transgrest, inevitably thou shall die. Millon. 
 
 How inevitably does an immoderate laughter 
 end ir, a sigh ! 5rutk. 
 
 if they look no further than the neit line, it 
 will inevitably follow, that they cau drive to no 
 certain point. Dryden. 
 
 Inttammations of the bowels oft ineritably lend 
 to the ruin of the whole. Harrey on Consumptions. 
 
 If our sense of hearing were exalted, we should 
 have no quiet or sleep in the silcntest nigiits, and 
 we must inevitably be stricken deaf or dead with 
 a clap of thunder. Bentley. 
 
 Inexcusable, adj. [inexcusable, Fr. 
 inexcusabiUs, Lat. in and excusable.] 
 Not to be excused ; not to be palliated 
 by apology. 
 
 It is a temerity, and a foll^ meitusahle, to deli- 
 ver up ourselves'needlessly mto another's power. 
 
 V Estrange. 
 
 As we are an island with ports and navigable 
 seas, we should be ineicnsuble if we did not make 
 these blessings turn to accouiit.AddisonsFrcehoUi. 
 
 Such a favour could only render them inore ob- 
 durate, and more inexcusable: it would inhance 
 their guilt. Atterburii. 
 
 If learning be not encouraged under your ad- 
 ministration, you are the most ineicusable person 
 alive. Sieift. 
 
 A fallen woman is the more ineiLCUsable, as 
 from the cradle, the sex is warned against the de- 
 lusions of men. Clarissa. 
 
 Inexcu'sableness. n.s. [from inexcu- 
 sable. \ Enormity beyond forgiveness 
 or palliation. 
 
 Their inexaisableness is stated upon the suppo- 
 sition that they knew God, but did not glorify 
 him. South. 
 
 Inexcl'sably. adv. [from inexcusable.] 
 To a degree of guilt or folly beyond 
 excuse. 
 
 It will ineicusahlu condemn some men, wiio 
 having received excellent endowments, yet have 
 fr»straled the intention. Brmm. 
 
 Inexha'lable. adj. [in and exhale.] 
 That which cannot evaporate. 
 
 A new laid egg w ill not so easily be boiled hard, 
 because it contains a great stock of humid parts, 
 which must be evaporated before the heat can 
 bring the iiia/ia/nWeiiurts into consistence. Br«rn. 
 
 Inexha'usted. adj. [in and exhaust- 
 ed.] Lnemptied; not possible to be 
 emptied.] 
 
 So wert thou born into a tuneful strain. 
 All early, rich, and iiifx/iausted vein. Dryde^i, 
 
 Inexhaustible, adj. [in and exhaust- 
 ible.] Not to be drawn all away ; not 
 to be spent. 
 
 Reflect on the variety of combinations which 
 may be made with number, whose stock is inex- 
 haustible, and truly infinite. LxU. 
 
 The stock thai the mind has in its power, by 
 varying the idea uf space, is perfectly iiiM/iuu£i- 
 b^.'and so it can multiply figures in in/iiu'tum. 
 
 LocAe. 
 
 Inexi'stent. adj. [In and txistint.] 
 1. Not having being ; not to be found in 
 nature. 
 
 975
 
 I N E 
 
 To express complexed significations, tiiey took 
 a liberty 'o compound and piece togetiier crea- 
 tures of allowable forms into mixtures inexistent. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 2. Existing in something else. This use 
 is rare. 
 
 We doubt whether these heterogeneities be so 
 much as inexistent in the concrete, whence tliey 
 are obtained. Boyle. 
 
 Inexi'stence. n.s. [in and existence.^ 
 V\'ant of being ; want of existence. 
 
 He calls up the heroes of former ages from a 
 
 slate ui ijiexistence to adorn and diversify his poem. 
 
 Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 Ine'xorable. adj. [inexorable, Fr. in- 
 exorabilis, Lat.] Not to be intreated ; 
 not to be moved by intreaty. 
 
 You are more inhuman, more inexorabh^ 
 Oil ten times more, than lygers of Hyrcania ! Sh. 
 
 Jnexoralile do^\ Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. 
 The scourge 
 Inexorable calls to penance. Milton. 
 
 Tlie guests invited came. 
 And with the rest th' inexorable dame. Dryden. 
 
 Th' inexm-able j^ales were barr'd. 
 And nought was seen, and nouglit was lieard, 
 But dreadful gleams, shrieks of woe. Pope. 
 
 We can be deaf to the words of so sweet a 
 cliariner, and inexoiable to all bis invitations. Rog. 
 
 Inexpe'dience. In. s. [in and expedi- 
 Inexpe'diency. J ency.] Want of fit- 
 ness ; want of propriety ; unsuitable- 
 ness to time or place ; inconvenience. 
 
 It concernelh superiuurs to look well to the 
 expediency and in^r^eriie/ici/ of wliat they enjoin 
 in ditiercnt things. Sanderson. 
 
 Inexpedient, adj. [in and expedient.] 
 Inconvenient ; unfit ; improper ; un- 
 suitrtl)le to time or place. 
 
 It is not inexpedient they should be known to 
 come trom a person altogether a stranger to chj- 
 mical affairs. ^ Boyle. 
 
 We should be prepared not only with paiience 
 to bear, but to receive with thaiikfalness a repulse, 
 if God should see them to be inexpedient. Smalrid. 
 
 Inexpe'rience. n.s. [inexperience, Fr. 
 in and experience.] Want of experi- 
 mental knowledge ; want of experience. 
 
 Thy words at random argue thine inexperience 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Prejudice and self-sufhciencj naturally proceed 
 from inexperience of the world, and ignorance of 
 mankind. Addison. 
 
 Inexperienced, adj. [inexptrlus, 
 
 Lat.] Not experienced. 
 Inexpe'rt. adj. [inexperfus, Lat. in 
 
 and expert.] Unskilful ; unskilled. 
 
 The race elect advance 
 Through the wild desert ; not the readiest way, 
 Lest ent'ring on the Canaanite alarm'd. 
 War terrify them inexpert. Milton. 
 
 In letters and iu laws 
 Not inexpert. Prior. 
 
 INEXPIABLE, adj. [inexpiable, Fr. 
 inrxpiabilis, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Not to be atoned. 
 
 2. Not to be molified by atonement. 
 
 Love seeks to have luve ; 
 My love how could'st thou liope, who took'st tire 
 
 way 
 To raise in me inexjnable liate ? Milton's Agonist. 
 
 Ine'xpiably. adv. [from inexpiable.] 
 To a degree beyond atonement. 
 
 Excursions are ineipitibly bad, 
 And 'tis much safer to leave out than add.Rosciwii. 
 
 Ine'xpleably. ade. [in and explen, 
 Lat.] Insatiably. A word not in use. 
 
 V\ hat were these harpies but flatterers, delators, 
 end the inexjdeiMy covetous > !>andys'$ I'raveU. 
 
 I N E 
 
 Ine'xplicable. adj. [inexplicable, Fr. 
 in and e.vplico, Lai.] Incapable of being 
 explained ; not to be made intelligible; 
 not to be disentangled. 
 
 What could such apprcliensions breed, but, as 
 their nature is, inejjdirable passions of mind, de- 
 sires abhorring whal they embrace, and embrac- 
 ing what they abhor ? Hooker. 
 
 To me at least this seems meiyi/icnWc, if light 
 be nothing else than pressiun or motion propaga- 
 ted through ether. Kewlon. 
 
 None eludes sagacious reason more. 
 Than tliis obscure inexplicable pow'r. Blackmore. 
 Ine'xplicably. adv. [from inexpli- 
 cable.] In a manner not to be ex- 
 plained. 
 Inexpre'ssible. adj. [in and express.] 
 Not to be told ; not to be uttered ; un- 
 utterable. 
 
 Thus when in orbs 
 Of circuit inexpres-iible they stood, 
 Orb within orb. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Nothing can so peculiarly gratify the noble dis- 
 positions of human nature, as for one man to see 
 another so much himself as to sigh his griefs, and 
 groan his (lains, to sing his joys, and do and feel 
 every thing by sympathy and secret itietrjiressible 
 communications. _ South. 
 
 The true God had no certain name given (o 
 him ; for Father, and God, and Creator, are but 
 titles arising from bis works ; and God is not a 
 name, but a'notion ingrafted in human nature of 
 an inexpressible being. Stillingfleet. 
 
 There is an inimitable grace in Virgil's words ; 
 and in thein principally consists that beauty, 
 which gives so inexpressible a pleasure Jo him wiio 
 best understands their force : this diction of his is 
 never to be copied. Vryden. 
 
 Inexpressibly, adv. [from inexpres- 
 sible.] To a degree or in a manner not 
 to be uttered ; unutterably. 
 
 God will protect and reward all his faithful 
 servants in a manner and measure inexpressibly 
 abundant. Hammond. 
 
 He began to play upon it ; the sound was ex- 
 ceedms sweet, and wrought into a variety of 
 tunes tnat were inexpressibly melodious. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Inexpu'gnable. adj. [inexpngnable, 
 Fr. inexpugnabiUs, Lat.] Impregna- 
 ble ; not to" be taken by assault ; not to 
 be subdued. 
 
 Why should there be implanted in each sex 
 such a vehement and inexpugnable appetite of 
 copulation ? -Rai/. 
 
 Inexti'nguishable. adj. [inextingwi- 
 btc, Fr. in and extingao, Lat.] Un- 
 quenchable. 
 
 Pillars, statues, and other memorials, are a sort 
 of shadow of an endless life, and show an ineitia- 
 guishuble desire whicli all men have of it. Grew. 
 
 Inextricable, adj. [inexlricMe, Fr. 
 inextricabilis, Lat.] Not to be disen- 
 tangled ; not to be cleared ; not to be 
 set free from obscurity or perplexity. 
 
 He that should tye inextricable knots, only to 
 baffle the industry o'f those that should attempt to 
 unloose them, would be thought not to have 
 served his generation. Vecay of Piety. 
 
 Stopt by awful heights, and gulphs immense 
 Of wisdom, and of vast oumipoteace. 
 She trembling st.mds, and dues in wonder gaze. 
 Lost in the wild iiiexiricalde maze. Blackmore. 
 
 Men are led into inextricable mazes by setting 
 up themselves as judges of the world. Sbertock. 
 
 Inextricably, adv. [from inextrica- 
 ble.] To a degree of perplexity not to 
 be disentangled. 
 
 The mechanical atheist, though you grant him 
 his laws of luechaiiism, is nevertheless inextricably 
 
 INF 
 
 puzzled and bataed with the first formatiop of 
 animals. Bentley. 
 
 In vain they strive ; th' intanglinp snares deny. 
 Inextricably tirm, the power to fly. Pope's Odvssey. 
 To Ine'ye. r.n. [in and eye.] To ino- 
 culate ; to propagate trees by the insition 
 of a bud into a foreign stock. 
 
 Let sage experience teach thee all the arts 
 O*" grafting and ineijeing. }*tuUip3m 
 
 iNl'.-iLLtBi'LlTY. In.s. [inJalUMltti, 
 Infa'llibleness. J Fr. from infalli- 
 ble.] Inerrability ; exemption from 
 errour. 
 
 Infallibility is the highest perfection of the 
 knowing faculty, and consequently the firmesl 
 degree of assent.^ Tiltotson. 
 
 Infa'llible. adj. [infallible, Fr. in 
 and fallible.] Privileged from errour; 
 incapable of mistake ; not to be misled 
 or deceived ; certain. Used both of 
 persons and things. 
 
 Every cause admitteth not such in/aiiitfe evi- 
 dence of proof, as leavelh no possibility of doubt 
 or scruple behind it. Hooker. 
 
 Believe ray wolds ; 
 For they are certain and infallible. Shak. H. VL 
 The success is certain and infallible, and none 
 ever yet miscarried in the attempt. South. 
 
 Infa'llibly. adv. [from infallible.']' 
 I. Without danger from deceit; with se- 
 curity from errour. 
 
 We cannot be as God, infallihli/ knowing good 
 and evil. Smalridge's Sermom. 
 
 •2. Certainly. 
 
 Our blessed Lord has distinctly opened the 
 scene of futuritv to us, and directed us tosuch a 
 conduct as will infallibly render us happy in it. 
 
 Rogers, 
 
 To Infa'me. V. a. [infamer, Fr. infamo, 
 Lat.] To represent to disadvantage ; to 
 defame ; to censure publickly ; to make 
 infamous ; to brand. To defame is now 
 used. 
 
 Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her hus- 
 band ^ Bacon. 
 
 Hitherto obscur'd, infam'd. 
 And thy fair fruit let hang, as to no end 
 Created. Milton. 
 
 FN FAMOUS, adj. [infamt, infamant, 
 Fr. infamis, Lat.] Publickly branded 
 with guilt ; openly censured : of bad 
 report. 
 
 Those tlint be near, and those tliat be far from 
 thee, shall mock thee, which art infamous. Eiefc. 
 
 These are as some infamous bawd or whore 
 Shonid praise a matron ; what could hurt her 
 mure ? B. Jonson. 
 
 After-times will disDute it, whether Hothara 
 were mure infiimmis at Hull or at Tower-hill. K'.C. 
 
 Persons infamous, or branded in any pubhck 
 court of judicature, are forbidden to be advocates. 
 
 I'nfamously. adv. [from infamous.] 
 
 1. With open reproach ; withpublick no- 
 toriety of reproach. 
 
 2. Shamefully ; scandalously. 
 
 That poem was injamously bad. Dryd. Thifr 
 
 rNFA.MOUSNESS. ^M. s. [infamie, Fr, 
 
 1'nfamy. § infamia, Lat.] Pub- 
 
 lickreproach; notoriety of bad character. 
 
 Yc arc taken up in the lips of talkers, and arc 
 the infamu of the people. Ezek. xxxvi. 3. 
 
 The noble isle doth want her proper limbs. 
 Her face defac'd with scars of infamy. , * j- 
 
 \\ ilful perpetrations ofunworthy actions brand, 
 with most indelible characteisof iii/amu,_tlie name 
 and memory to posterity. I^- t^'iarict. 
 
 Infancy, n, s. [infantia, Lat.]
 
 I N F 
 
 1 . The first part of life. Usually extended 
 by naturalists to seven years. 
 
 Dare we affirm it was ever his meamiif;, that 
 unto their salvation, who even from their tender 
 iufaucu never knew any other fditli or relijiior 
 than only Christian, no kind of teachins cm l)i 
 availahle", saving that which was so needful for the 
 first universal conversion of Gentiles, hating 
 C'liristiajiity ? Kooter. 
 
 Pfrithous came t' attend 
 This worthy Theseus, his familiar friend : 
 Their h.ve !•» early iufuncy began, 
 Anil ri'se as childhood ripeu'd into man. Dryden. 
 
 The insensible impressions on our tender itifun- 
 (ki have very imi)oitant and lasting cojisequcnces. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 2. Civil infancy, extended by the English 
 law to one and twenty years. 
 
 3. First age of any thing; beginning; 
 original ; commencement. 
 
 In Spain our springs, like old men'schildren, he 
 Decay 'd and wither'd from their iiifancy. Drydeu. 
 
 The ditrerciice between the riches of Rurnnn ci- 
 tizens in the injaiwy and in the grandeur of Rome, 
 win a|)[)ear by comparing the first variation of es- 
 tates with the'estates afterwards possessed. ^'ir/uil/i. 
 
 Infa'ngthef, or hingfungtheft, or in- 
 fan^thenf. is compounded of three Saxon 
 words : the preposition in, fang, Ol- 
 sons', to take or catch, and i/iif. It 
 signifies a privilege or liberty granted 
 unto lords of certain manors to judge any 
 thief taken witliin their fee. Cowtl. 
 
 Infant, n. *. [enfant, Fr. infans, Lat.] 
 
 1. A child from the birth to the end of the 
 seventh year. 
 
 It being a part of their virtuous education, 
 serveth greatly both to nourish in them the fear of 
 God, and to put us in continual remembrance of 
 that liowerful grace, which openeth the mouths 
 of ifi/(in(« to siHUid his praise. Hooker. 
 
 'lucre shall be no more thence an i/t/onf of days, 
 nor an old man that hath not filled his days. 
 
 ha. Ixv. 20. 
 
 Young mothers wildlv stare, with fear possest, 
 And strain their helpless i/(/an£ to their breast. 
 
 Drydens A^neid. 
 
 2. [In law.] A young person to the age 
 of one and twenty. 
 
 I'nfant. a/IJ. Not mature; in a state of 
 initiil iiTiperfection. 
 
 VV itliin the inj'unt rind of this small flower 
 Poison hath residence, and medicine power. Shak. 
 
 First the shiil! sound i-f a small rural pipe, 
 Was entertainment for the infant stage, lioscom. 
 
 In their tender nonage, while thev spread 
 Their springitti: leaves and lift their infant head. 
 Indulge their childhood. Drydens Virgil. 
 
 lypA'NTA. 71. s. [.Span.] A princess 
 descended from the royal blood of .Spain. 
 
 iNFA'NriciDE. n.s. [infanticide, Fr. /«- 
 f'lniicidium, Lat.] The slaughter of 
 the infants by Herod. 
 
 Infan TILE. adj. [infantilis, Lat.] Per- 
 taining to an infant. 
 
 The fly lies all the Winter in these balls in its 
 infantile state, and comes not to its maturity till 
 the follouing Si>ring. Dc'rham. 
 
 Infantry, n.s. [infanterie, Fr.] The 
 foot soldiers of an army. 
 
 'Ihe princi;ial strength of an army consisteth in 
 the infantry or foot ; and to make good injantrn it 
 requireth men bred in some free and picniifiii 
 manner. Bacon i Henry \l\. 
 
 That small infantry 
 Warr'd on by cranes. Milton. 
 
 Infa'rction. n.s. [in and/ar«o, Lat.] 
 Stuffing ; constipation. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I N F 
 
 An livpoclionflriack Cf»nsumption Is occasioned 
 b^' an irijarction and obstruction of the splifcii. 
 
 Harveu. 
 
 To Infa'TUATE. v. a. [inj'antuo, from in 
 
 and J'atuuSj Lat. infatutr, iV] To 
 
 strike with folly ; to deprive of under- 
 
 standin;]^, 
 
 'ihc judgment of God \\'\\\ be very visible in m- 
 Jatuating a pco|pic, as ripe and prepared for de- 
 structi .11, intii fully antt madness, makiiiu the 
 weak to coiiiributc to llie designs of tlie wicked ; 
 and suirriiii^ even tbose, nut of a conscience of 
 their j^uilt, to grow mure uicked. CUtrendon. 
 
 It is the reformina of the vices and sottishness 
 that had loiii: overspread tlie injatiuitet!, gentile 
 world : a prime branch of tliat design of ("hrist's 
 sending Ins disciples. Hammond. 
 
 IMay hypocrites, 
 That slily speak one tiling, another think. 
 Drink on unwarnM, 'till, by eiicliantini; cups 
 Infutiiate, they their wily thoutihts discHise. Phil. 
 
 The people are so universally infatuated with 
 
 tlie notion, that, if a cow falls sick, it is ten to 
 
 one but an old woman is clapt up in prison for it. 
 
 Addison on Italii. 
 
 The carriage of our atheists or deists is amazing : 
 no dotage so irifatiuite, no phrensy so extravagant 
 as theirs. BentleU' 
 
 [nfatua'tion. w. 5. [from infainate.'] 
 The act of striking with folly ; depriva- 
 tion of reason. 
 
 Where men give themselves over to the defence 
 of wicked interests, and false propositions, it is 
 just with God to smite the greatest abilities with 
 the greatest infatuaiioyis. South. 
 
 Infausting. n.s. [from infaustuSy Lat.] 
 The act of nnaking unlucky. An odd 
 and inelegant word. 
 
 As the king did in some part remove the envy 
 from himself, so he did not observe, that lie did 
 withal bring a kind uf malediction and infausting 
 upon the marriage, as an ill prognostick. Bacon. 
 
 In fe'asible. adj. [in and feasibh.'] Im- 
 practicable ; not to be done. 
 
 This is su dillicult and infeaiihle, that it may 
 well drive modest \ to despair uf science. GlanviUe. 
 
 To INFE'CT. i\ a. [infechr, Fr. inftctus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1, To act upon by contao^ion ; to affect 
 with communicated qualities ; to hurt by 
 contagiou ; to taint ; to poison ; to pol- 
 lute. 
 
 One of those fantastical mind iiif'ected j'eople, 
 that children and musicians call lovers. Sidneij. 
 Thine eyes, sweet lady, have infected mine. Shak. 
 Tlie nature of bad news infects the teller. Shak. 
 Ev'rv day 
 It would inject liis speecli, that if the king 
 Should without issue die, he'd carry it so 
 To make the sceptre his. Shakesp. Henry VIII. 
 
 Infected minds 
 To their deaf ]illluws will discharge their secrets. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 She speaks poinarHs, and every word stahs : if 
 
 her breath were as terrible as her terminations, 
 
 there was no living near her ; she would infect to 
 
 the north star. Shakesp. 
 
 I am relurn'd your soldier; 
 No move injected with my country's love, 
 'I'han when 1 parted hence. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie love-tiile 
 Infected lion's 'h.u:htcrs with like heat. i*J(7(im. 
 
 "2. To fill with something hurtfully con- 
 taa;ious. 
 
 Infected be thn air who-eon they ride, 
 And danni'd all tht»se that trust them ! Shakesp 
 
 Fnff.'ction. n. s. [iufccfionj Fr. in/vcfio, 
 Lat,] Contagion ; mischief by commu- 
 nication ; taint ; poison. 
 
 Infection is tliat manner of communicating a 
 disease by some eHluvia, or particles which lly oil" 
 
 I N F 
 
 from some distempered bodies, and mixing with 
 the juices of others, cccasion the same di^urderi 
 as in the bodies they came from. Qutncy, 
 
 What a strange infection 
 is fall'n into thy ear ! Shakesp. Cymbclhu. 
 
 The blessed f;ods 
 Purge all injectiotts from our air, whilst you 
 Do climate here. Shakesp. Winttr't TaU, 
 
 Vouchsafe, dili'us'd infection of a man. 
 For the.'-e known evils, but lo give me leave. 
 By circumstaisce, to curse thy cursed self. Shak, 
 
 Hence, 
 Lest that til' rn/erlumofliis fortune take 
 Like hold on thee, Shakesp. King Lear, 
 
 'ihe transmission or emission of the thini<er and 
 more airy jiarts of bodies, as in odours and infec- 
 tions, is, cif atl the rest, tlie most corporeal; but 
 withal there be a number of those l missions, both 
 wholesome and unwholesome, that give no smell 
 at all. Bacmi. 
 
 Infectious, adj. [from infect.] Conta- 
 gious ; influencing by communicated 
 qualities. 
 The most infectious pestilence upon thee. Shak. 
 
 in a liouise, 
 Where the infectious pestilence did reign. Shakesp. 
 
 Some known diseases are infectious, and others 
 are not: those that are infectious are such as are 
 chiefly in the spirits, and not so much in the hu- 
 mours, and therefore pass easily from body to 
 body ; such as pestilences and lippitudes. Bacon. 
 
 Smells may have as much power to do good as 
 to do harm, and contribute to health as well as to 
 diseases ; w hich is too much felt by experience in 
 atl that are infectious, and by the operations of 
 some poisons, that are received only by the smell. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Infe'ctiously. adv. [from infectious.] 
 
 Contagiously. 
 
 The will dotes, that is inclinable 
 To what infectiously iisc\( nR'ncis. Shakesp* 
 
 Infe'ctiousness. 71. s. [from infect ions.] 
 The quality of being infectious ; conta- 
 giousness. 
 
 Infective, adj. [from infect.] Having 
 the quality of acting by contagion. 
 
 True love, well considered, hath an infectiit 
 power. ^ney. 
 
 Infecu'nd. n. s. [infacundus^hat,] Un- 
 fruitful ; infertile. 
 
 How safe and agreeable a conservatory theeartk 
 is lo vegetables, is manifest from their rotting, 
 drying, or being rendered injecund in the waters, 
 or'theair; but in the earth their vigour is long 
 preserved. Derham's Physico-Theohgy. 
 
 Infecu'ndity. n.s. [infcecunditas, Lat.] 
 
 Want of fertility ; barrenness. 
 Infelicity, n.s. [infelicite, Fr, infelici* 
 
 tas, Lat.] Unhappiness; misery; cala- 
 mity. 
 
 Whatever is the ignorance and infeUcityoi the 
 present state, we were made wise and happy. 
 
 uianiUte. 
 
 Here is our great infelJcitu, that, when single 
 
 words signify comple\ ideas, one word can never 
 
 distinctly manifest all the parts of a complex idea. 
 
 Watu. 
 
 To INFER, r. a. [inferer, Fr. infero, Lat.] 
 L To bring on ; to induce. 
 
 Vomits infer some small detriment to the lungs. 
 
 Hancy, 
 
 3, To infer is nothing but, by virtue of 
 one proposition laid down as true, to 
 draw in another as true, i. t. to see or 
 suppose such a connection of the two 
 ideas of the /w/Vrrtv/ proposition. Locke. 
 Vet what ihuu can'st attain, which best may 
 serve 
 To glorify the Maker, and infer 
 Thee alsu happier, shall not be with-beld 
 'ihy hearing. MiiUm* 
 
 61 
 
 977
 
 INF 
 
 Great, 
 Or liriglit, ?)i/Vis not excellence : the earth 
 Thiiugh in cciinparisoii of heav'n so small, 
 Nof lilisleriiii!, iiiav of solid yood contain 
 More |rle iiv tlian the sun, that barren shines. Mi//. 
 
 One would wonder how, from so dilieriiig pre- 
 misses, they should all infer the same conclusion. 
 Decaxi aj Pie/i/, 
 
 Tlicv have more opportunities than other men 
 
 liave of imrclmsing puhlic esteem, by deserving 
 
 well of mankind ; and such opportunities always 
 
 !"n/(Tolilieations _ Atterbury. 
 
 .•J. 'J'o offer ; to produce. Not in use. 
 
 Full well hath Clifford |ila.\'d the orator, 
 Jnfen-iiig arguments of mighty force. Shi'he^p. 
 
 I'nference. n.s. [in/creiire, Fr. tVom 
 infer.'] Conclusion driiwii ftoiu pre- 
 vious arguments. 
 Though' it may chance to be right in tlie cou- 
 , elusion, it is ^tt unjust and mistajven in the me- 
 thod of hijertnce. Glmdlle. 
 Tlicse iiijerenccs or conclusions are the eflects of 
 Tcftsoning, and the lliree propositions, taken all 
 topetherrare called syllogism or argument. H'mis. 
 
 Infe'rible. tidj. [from itifer.] Deduci- 
 ble from premised grounds. 
 
 As simple mistakes commonly beget fallacies, 
 so men, from fallacious foundations, and misap- 
 prehended mediums, erect conclusions no way in- 
 fcrible from their premises. Brown. 
 
 Inferio'rity. n. s. [inferioritic, Fr. 
 from injeriour.l Lower state of dignity 
 
 . or value. 
 
 The language, though not of equal dignity, yet 
 as near approaching: to it as our modern barbarism 
 ■will allow ; and therefore we are to rest contented 
 with tiiat only inftriarity which is not possibly to 
 be remedied. Dryden. 
 
 INFE'RIOUR. adj. [inferior, Lat. infe- 
 riem; Fr.] 
 
 1 . Lower in place. 
 
 2. Lower in station or rank of life : corre- 
 , lative to snperiotir. 
 
 Render me more equ:il, or perhaps 
 Superi.r, for infcrioi- viUii is free! Miltm. 
 
 3. Lower in value or excellency. 
 
 The hive of libertv wish life is giv'n. 
 And life itself th'iii/cri.Hir gift of heav'n. Dryden. 
 
 I have added some original papers of my own, 
 ■which, "wliether they are equal or inferhur to my 
 'other poems, an author is the most improper 
 judge of. Dryden. 
 
 4. Subordinate. 
 
 General and fundamental truths in philosophy, 
 TeliL'ion, and human life, conduct our thoughts 
 into a thousand inj'eriour and particular proposi- 
 tions. "'""»■• 
 Infe'riouk. n.s. [from the adjective.] 
 One in a lower rank or station than 
 
 another. 
 
 A ereat person gets more by obliging his iii/c- 
 ricmr tlian by disdaining him. South. 
 
 Infe'fnal. adj. [infernal, Fr. iiifernus, 
 Lat.] Hellish ; tartarean ; detestable. 
 
 His L'igantick limbs wilh hnrge embrace. 
 Infolds nine acres ui infernal space. Dryd. /En. 
 
 Infernal .S/one. n.s. 
 
 InJernalsUme, or the lunar caustick, is prepared 
 from ;nieva|>orHted solution of silver, or from crys- 
 tal« of silver. It is a very powerful caustick, 
 eatiiigaway the flesh and even the bones to which 
 it is,ai>plied. ^"''s J*^"'- ^l"'- 
 
 Infe'rtile. adj. [infertile, Fr. in and 
 fertile.'] Unfruitful ; not productive ; 
 "wanting fecundity ; infecund. 
 
 Iiin, ranee birii.g "f itself, like stiff clay, an in- 
 fertile :,(i'i\, when pride comes to sc<irch and harden 
 it, it grows perfectly imnenetrable. 
 
 Government of the Tongve. 
 
 Inferti'lity. n. s. [infertilite, Fr. from 
 
 I N F 
 
 infertile.'] Unfruitfulness ; want of fer- 
 tility. 
 
 The same distemperature of the air that occa- 
 sioned the plague, occasioned the infertility or 
 noxiousness of the soil, wheieby the fruits of the 
 earth became either very small, or very unwhole- 
 some. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 To Infe'st. v. a. [injester, Fr. infesto, 
 Lat.] To harass; to disturb; to plague. 
 
 Unto my feeble breast 
 Come g.ully ; but not wilh that mighty rage 
 Where vitli the martial troops thou dcj'st infest, 
 And hearts of greatest heroes do'st enrage. Spen. 
 
 They ccased1iot,in the mean while, to strengthen 
 th.it part wliicli in heart they favoured, and to 
 infest bv all means, under colour of other quarrels, 
 tinir greatest adversities ill this case. Hooker. 
 
 AhTiniigh they were a people infested, and 
 miijlililv hated of all others, yet was there nothing 
 of foicc to work tlie ruin of their slate, till the 
 time beforcmentioned was expired. Hooker. 
 
 They were no mean, distressed calamitous per- 
 sons that fled to him for refuge ; but of so great 
 quality, as it was apparent that they came not 
 tiiitlie'r to project their own fortune, but tu infest 
 and invade his. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 Envy, avarice, superstition, love, with tiie like 
 cares and passions infest human life. Addison. 
 
 No disease infests mankind more terrible in its 
 symptoms and effects. Arhnthnot on D'let. 
 
 Infesti'vity. n.s. [in and festivity.] 
 Mournfulness ; want of cheerfulness. 
 
 Infe'stred. adj. [in awA fester.] Rank- 
 ling; inveterate. Obsolete. 
 
 I'his cursed creature, mindful of that old 
 Infested grudge, the which his mother felt. 
 
 So soon as Clarion he did behold. 
 His heart with vengeful malice inly swelt. Spenser. 
 
 Infeuda'tion. n. s. [in and feudum, 
 Lat.] The act of putting one in pos- 
 session of a fee or estate. 
 
 Another military provision was conventinal and 
 by tenure, upon the infendalimi of the tenant, and 
 was usually called knight's service. Hale. 
 
 I'n FIDEL, n.s. [infidelle, Fr. itifidelis, 
 Lat] An unbeliever; a miscreant; a 
 pagan ; one who rejects Christianity. 
 
 Exhorting her, if she did marry, yet not to join 
 herself to an infidel, as in those times some w idows 
 christian liad done, for the advancement of their 
 estate in this world. Hooker. 
 
 Infide'lity. n. s. [injidelite, Fr. injide- 
 lifas, Lat.] 
 
 1. Want of faith. 
 
 The consideration of the divine omnipotence 
 and inhnite wisdom, and our own ignorance, are 
 great instruments of silencing the murmurs of in- 
 fttclilu. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. 
 
 2. Disbelief of Christianity. 
 
 One would fancy that infidels would be exempt 
 from that single fault, which seems to grow out of 
 the impriiflent fervours of relijiion ; but so it is, 
 that ivfidclitii is propagated with as much fierce- 
 ness and contention, as if the safety of mankind 
 depended upon it. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 3. Treachery; deceit; breach of contract 
 or trust. 
 
 The inpdelities on the one part between the two 
 sexes, and the caprices on the other, the vanities 
 and vexations attending even the most refined de- 
 lights that make up ill's business of life, render it 
 silly and uncomrortahle. Spectator. 
 
 INFINITE, adj. [infini, Fr. infnilus, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1. Unbounded; boundless; unlimited; 
 immense ; having no boundaries or limits 
 
 to its nature. 
 
 Impossible it is, that God should withdraw his 
 presence from any Ihing, because the very sub- 
 stance of God is infinite. Hooker. 
 
 What's time, when on eternity we think? 
 A thousand ages in that sea must sink ; 
 
 I N F 
 
 Time's nothing but a word ; a niillion 
 
 Is full as far from irtfin'tte as one. Denhain. 
 
 Thou sov'reign.pow'r, whose secret will con- 
 trouls 
 The inward bent and motion of our souls ! 
 Why hast thou plac'd such infinite degrees 
 Between tlie cause and cure of my disease? Prior, 
 
 When we would think of infinite space or dura- 
 tion, we at first make some very large idea; as 
 perhaps of millionsof agesormiles,wliich possibly 
 we multiply several times. Locke, 
 
 Even an angel's comprehensive thought 
 Cannot extend as far as thou hast wraught : 
 Our vast concelitions are by swelling brought, 
 Swallow'd and lost in infinite, to nought. Dennis. 
 2. It is hyperbolically used for large ; great. 
 I'nfinitely. ad'i. [from infinite.] 
 
 1. Without limits ; without bounds; im- 
 mensely. 
 
 Nothing may be infinitely desired, but that goofi 
 w'hicli indeed is infinite. Hookey. 
 
 2. In a great degree. 
 
 This is Antonio, 
 To whom I am so infnitely bound. Shakesp. 
 
 The king saw that contrariwise it would follow, 
 that England, though much less in territory, yet 
 should have infnitely more soldiers of their native* 
 forces than those other nations have. Bacon, 
 
 Infnitely the greater jiart of mankind liave pro- 
 fessed to act under a full persuasion of this great 
 article. Rogers. 
 
 I'nfiniteness. n.s. [from infinite."] Im- 
 mensity; bountllessness ; infinity. 
 
 The cunning of his flattery, the readiness of his 
 tears, the infniteness of his vows, were but among 
 the weakest threads of his net. Sidney. 
 
 Let us always bear about us such impressions 
 of reverence, and fear of God, thatwemay humble 
 ourselves before his Almightiness, and express 
 that infinite distance between bis infniteness and 
 our weaknesses. Taylor . 
 
 Infinite'.simal. adj. [from infinite.] 
 Infinitely divided. 
 
 Infi'nitive. adj. [i iifinit if, Fr. iyifin it i- 
 rus, Lat.] In grammar, the injinit'ivt 
 affirms or intitnates the intention of af- 
 firming, which is one use of the indica- 
 tive ; but then it does not do it abso- 
 lutely. Clarke. 
 
 Infi'nitude. n.s. [hoxa infinilc.] 
 
 1. Infinity; immensity. 
 
 Confusion heard his voice, and wild uproar 
 Stood rui'd, stood vast /»i^»i/wf/e coiifin'd. J\i//ton. 
 Though tile requgnancy of infinitnde he equally 
 incoiTi])alible to continued or successive motion, 
 or continued quantity, and depends onthe incom- 
 possibility of the very nature of things successive 
 orextensive wilh infinitude; yet that incompossi- 
 
 bility is more conspicuous in discrete quantity, 
 a parts actually distinguished. Haic, 
 
 2. Boundless number. 
 
 that ariseth from pa 
 
 We see all the good sense of the age cut out, 
 and minced into almost au infinitude of distinc- 
 tions. Addison's Spectator, 
 
 Infinity, ti.s. [infinite, Vt. injtnitas, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 . Immensity ; boundlessness ; unlimited 
 
 qualities. 
 
 There cannot be more infriities than one ; for 
 one of ihcm wcmld limit the other. Raleigh's Hist. 
 
 The betler. the more desirable ; that therefore 
 must be desirable, wherein there is infnity of 
 goodness ; so that if any thing desirable may be 
 infinile, ihal must needs be the highest of all thinM 
 that are desired: no giuid is infinite but only 
 God, Iherefove he is our felicity and bliss. Hooker. 
 •2. Endless number. An hyperbolical use 
 
 of the word. ■ 
 
 Homer has concealed faults under an infinity of 
 admirable beauties. Broome's Notes on the Odyssey, 
 
 The liver, being swelled, compicsseih the sro- 
 macli, stopsthecirculationof the juices, and pro- 
 duceth an infinity of bad symptoms, .irbut. on Diet. 
 
 978
 
 I N F 
 
 Infj'RM. (idj [injirme, Fr. infirmus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Weak ; feeble ; disabk^d of* body. 
 
 Here stand I your brave; 
 A poor, injirm, weak, aud despis'd old man. Shah. 
 
 2. Weak of mind; irresolute, 
 
 1 mil afraid tu thi.,k what I have done : 
 Look <in't aaain, I dare* not. 
 ^htjirm of purpose ; 
 Give me tlie daj^ger. Shak. Miicbeth. 
 
 Th;it on i»_y head all luight be vi^ittd. 
 Thy frailty, atid i/z/icmeriex, furgiv'n ; 
 To meconmiitie^., and by meexpub'd. MUton. 
 
 3. Not stable ; not solid. 
 
 He who ti\es up'>ii frt!;-e principles, treads upon 
 Vifirin tiround, and so sinks; and he wiiu fiiis in 
 his deductions from right principles, slumble-* up- 
 on firm ground, and falls. South. 
 
 To Infi'rm, v. a. [hifirmei', Fr. ivfirmoy 
 
 Lat.] To weaken ; to shake ; to enfeeble, 
 
 Not in use. 
 
 Soiue contrary spirits will object this as a sutfi- 
 cient reason to injirm all lliose points. Raleigh. 
 
 The sjileen is unjustly introduced to invigorate 
 the minister side, which, being dilated, would 
 rather injirm and debilitate it. Piroicns Vnlg. Krr. 
 
 I>"fi'rmarv. n.s. [injirvierie, Fr.] Lodg- 
 iii(;;s for the sick. 
 
 These hutUiint:s to be fur privy lodginirs on both 
 sides, and the end for privy giilleries, "licieofuiie 
 s):oiild be for au injirmary, if any special peison 
 sIio\;!d be sick. ' Bacon. 
 
 Infi'rmity. n.s. [iyiftnnitey Fr.] 
 
 1. VVeakness of sex, ajje, or temper. 
 
 Injinnitu, 
 Which waits upon worn times, halh soinclliing 
 
 seiz'd 
 flib wish'd ability. Shuhesp. Winters Tak. 
 
 Discover lliine infirmity, 
 That witrrantelli by law to be ihy privilege: 
 I a:u with child, ye bloody homicides. ^Shakesp. 
 if he had done or said any thing amiss, he de- 
 sired their worships to think it was Ins iiiiirmities. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Are the infirmities of the body, pains, and dis- 
 eases his complaints? His faith reminds him t f the 
 &iiy when this corruptible shall put on incorrup- 
 tion, and this mortal immortaliiv. Rogers. 
 
 2. Failing; weakness; fault. 
 
 A friend shotdd bear a friend's infirmities^ 
 But Brutus makes mine greater thaii they are. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Many ivjirjnities made it appear more requisite, 
 that a wiser man should have the application of 
 liis interest. Clarcndort. 
 
 How difricult is it to preserve a "reat name, 
 
 when he that has acquired it, is so oonoxious to 
 
 such little weaknesses and injiiiniiies, as are no 
 
 small diminution to it. Addison. 
 
 &. Disease ; malady. 
 
 General laws are like general rules of physick, 
 according whereunlo, as now, no wise man will 
 desire himself to be cured, if there be joined with 
 his disease some special accident, in regard that 
 theirby otliers in the same injirmity, buT without 
 tlie tike accident, may. " Hooker. 
 
 Sometimes the races of man may be denraved 
 by the injirmiiies vi birth. Temple. 
 
 Infi'rmnf.ss. n. *. [from injirm.} Weak- 
 ness ; feebleness. 
 
 Some experiments may discover the iJifirmness 
 and insufliciency of the peripatetick doctrine. 
 
 To Infix, r. a. [infivus, Lat.] To drive 
 in ; to set ; to fasten. 
 
 And at tiie point two strings injjied are. 
 Both deadly sharp, that sharpest steel exceeden 
 f'lr. Speiiser. 
 
 I never lov'd myself, 
 'Till now, injixtd, 1 beln^ld myself. 
 Drawn in tlie flatt'ring table of her eye. Sltakesp. 
 Immoveable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton. 
 'J hat sting injixd within her haughty mind, 
 And her proud" heart with secret soVrow pin'd. 
 
 Vryden^ 
 
 I X F 
 
 The fatal Hart a ready passage found, 
 And deep within her heart injix'd the wound 
 
 Dryden 
 
 To INFL.'V'ME. v. a. \inJlammo, \jxt.] 
 I. To kindle; to set on lire; to make to 
 burn. 
 
 Lovp more clear, dedicated to a love more cold, 
 
 with the clearness la\s a night of sorrow upon me, 
 
 and with the coldness injiames a world of tire 
 
 within me. Sidney. 
 
 Its waves of torrent fire injiam'd with rage. 
 
 iSliUon. 
 '2, To kindle any passion. 
 
 'i'heirlusl was intlamcd towards her. Susan, viii. 
 
 3. To kindle with passion. 
 
 More injhnnd with lust than rage. Milton. 
 
 Satan, with thoughts infiam'd of highest design. 
 
 Puts on swift wings. MtUon. 
 
 4. To exa^jgerate ; to aggravate. 
 
 A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy 
 inji'inns his crimes. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 5. To lieat the body morbidly with ob- 
 structed matter. 
 
 0. Tn provoke ; to irritate. 
 
 A little v;ilii curiosity weighs so much with u?, 
 or the church's pe.ice so little, that we sacrilice the 
 one to the wlietling and injiamiug of the other. 
 
 Decap if I'ietp. 
 
 To Infla'me. r. 71. fo grow hot, angry, 
 
 and painful by obstructed matter. 
 
 If the vcsicula; are opprest, they infiame. 
 
 ]Visin:nn. 
 
 Infla'mer. n s. [from lujiame.'] The 
 thing or person that inflames. 
 
 Interest is a great ni/zViHJtT, and sets a man on 
 jiersecution under the colour of zeal. Addison. 
 
 Assemblies, who act upon ]iublick ])rii:cif»les. 
 proceed upon influence from particular leaders 
 aiul ivjia/ners. Sifij't. 
 
 Inflaimmabi'lity. n. s. [from hiHam- 
 muhh.] The quality of catching fire. 
 
 This it will do, if the ambient air be impreg- 
 nate with subtile inftammahilities. liroini. 
 
 Clioler is the must inflammable part of the 
 hlosd ; whence, from its inJiammabUitij, it is called 
 a sulphur. Harvey. 
 
 Infla'mmable. adj, [Fr.] Easy to be set 
 on flame; having the quality of flaming. 
 
 'J'he juices of olives, almonds, nuts, and pine- 
 apples, are all injiammable. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 Licctus thinks it possible to extract an injiam- 
 mable uW from the stone asbestus. M'iOiins. 
 
 Out of water gro\v all vegetable and animal sub- 
 stances, which consist as welt of sulphureous, fat, 
 and infiammabU parts as of earthly and alcalizate 
 ones. heictons Optich. 
 
 Jnfiummahle spirits are subtile volatile liquors, 
 wliieh come over in distillation, nii>cible with 
 water, and wjiolly combustible. ArbnthnotonAHm. 
 
 Infla'mmableness. n.s. [from inflam- 
 inablt'.] The quality of easily catcliing 
 fii;e. 
 We may treat of the injiammableness of borlles. 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 Inflamma'tion. 71.5. [iiijiammat to yhat. 
 iiijlammation^ Fr ] 
 
 1. The act of setting on flame. 
 
 Injiammntions of iiir from meteors, may have a 
 powerful fiVect upon men. Temple. 
 
 2. The state of being in flame. 
 
 The flame extendeth not beyond the inflamma- 
 ble etflueuce, but closely adlieres unto thcoiigi})al 
 of its infiammation. Bunrn. 
 
 Some urns Imve had Inscrij tions on them, ex- 
 pressinj; that the lamps within them were burning 
 when they were ti'si burie<l : whereas the i;j//.i»i- 
 mation of fat and viscous vapours doth presently 
 vanish. Ti'i/fcin's Da'daliis'. 
 
 3. [In chiriirgery.] In flammaf ion is when 
 the blood is ob&tructed so as tocro>\d in 
 
 I .\ 1' 
 
 a greater quantity into any particular 
 part, and gives it a greater colour and 
 heat than usual. iluiucy. 
 
 If (hat bright spot stay in his place, it is an m- 
 Jiinnmat'um ol the burniiig. Let. xiii. 28. 
 
 4. Fervour of inind. 
 
 Praver kindleth our desire to behold God bj 
 specurution, and itic niiiid, delighted with that 
 contemi>lative sight of G-d, tiikeih every where 
 new injjammationslo pray the riclies of Ihe mys- 
 teries of heavenly wisdom, continually stirrineup 
 in us correspondent desires towards ifiem. Houker, 
 
 Inflammatory, adj. [from injiume.] 
 Having the power of inflaming. 
 
 The extremity of pain often creates a coldness 
 in the extremities : such a sensation is very con> 
 sistent with an injiammatury distemper. 
 
 ArOiuhnot on Diet, 
 
 An infiammatary fever hurried him out of this 
 
 life in three days. Pope to SurifU 
 
 To INFLATF. v a. {inflatus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To swell with wind. 
 
 That the muscles are injialed in time of rest, ap- 
 pears to the vcr^ eye in iht: faces of clnidren. Ray, 
 
 ^ apours are no other than iujlaled vesiculae of 
 water. Derham, 
 
 2. Ti» fill with the breath. 
 
 With might and main they chasM the niurdVous 
 
 fox, 
 
 With I)raicn trumpets and inJUited box. 
 
 To kiiMile Alars with milita'v sounds, 
 
 Nor wanted horns I* iiisjiire sapicious hounds. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 INFLATION. 71. s. [irtflatiOj'Lat. from in- 
 Jlaic] Tlie state ot" being swelled with 
 wind; flatulence. 
 
 \Viiid coming upwards, ivjiations and tumours 
 
 of the belly are sijins ofapldegmalick constitulitrn. 
 
 Arbnthnot on UitL 
 
 To INFLECT, v. a. {hflecto, Lat.] 
 !.■ To bend ; to turn. 
 
 \^ hat makes llirm this one way their race direct, 
 ^\ hile they a thousand other ways reject ; 
 \Vhy do they never once tJieir course injiect? 
 
 Blacknwre, 
 Do not the rays of light wiiich fall upon bodies, 
 begin to bend before they arrive at the bodies? 
 And are they not reflected, refracted, and inflected 
 by one and the same principle, acting variously 
 in various circumstances? Netrtons OptickL 
 
 2. To vary a noun or verb in its termina- 
 tions. 
 Inflection, n. s. {hifleclio^ Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of bending or turning. 
 Neither the divine determinations, persuasion?, 
 
 ox injiections of the understanding or will of rationat 
 creatures, doth deceive the understanding, pervert 
 the will, or necessitate either to any moral evil. 
 
 Huie, 
 
 2. Modulation of the voice, 
 Ilis virtue, his gesture, bis countenance, his 
 
 zeal, the motion of his body, and the mfiection of 
 his voice, who first uttereth them as his own, is 
 that which givelh the very essence of InstrunKnts 
 available to eternal life. Hooker, 
 
 3. Variation of a noun or verb. 
 1 he same word in the origiiiiU tongue, by di- 
 vers injievtiotu and variations, makes divers dia- 
 lects. BrcreiCrXKi. 
 
 Infle'ctive. f/dj. [from inflect.'] Having 
 the )>ower of bendini;. 
 
 This injUctirc quality of the air is a great in- 
 cinubrancc and confusion of astronomical obser- 
 vations. Verham, 
 
 Inflexibi'hty. \n,s. [inflexibilift, Fr, 
 Inflkibleness. ( from inflt\vib/c.] 
 
 1. Stiffness ; quality of resisting flexure. 
 
 2. ObstiiKKT ; temper not to be bent; in- 
 exorable pcrtinacy. 
 
 979
 
 I N F 
 
 Inflexible, adj. [Fr. inflexihilh, Lat.] 
 
 1. Not to be bent or incurvated. 
 
 Siicli errors as are but acuriis in our younger 
 briiws, grow oaks in our older rieads, and becocue 
 infleiihle to tlic powerful arm of reason. Biywn. 
 
 Toe. creat ri};idily and llasticily of the fibres 
 make theiu injieiible io the causes, to which tliey 
 ongiit 10 vield ArbiUhnoc. 
 
 2. Not to" be prevailed on ; immoveable. 
 
 The man resi.lvM and ste.idy to his trust, 
 Infiex'ihle to ill, and obstinately just. Aildisim 
 
 A uian of an upright and iii/ieiihle temper, ni 
 the execution of bis country's laws, can overcoine 
 all private fear. Addison. 
 
 3. Not to be changed or altered. 
 
 The nature of tilings \i injletihle, and their na- 
 tural relations unalterable: we must bring our un- 
 derstandings to things, and not bend things to 
 our fancies. " *'^^^ 
 
 Inflexibly, adv. [from injlexibh.] In- 
 exorably ; invariably ; without relaxa- 
 tion or remission. 
 
 It should be began early, and ir.firxihlykept to, 
 'till iliere appears not the least reluctancy. LocU. 
 
 To INFLrCT. v.a. [infigo, injlictvs, 
 Lat. hijiiger, Fr.] To put in act or 
 impose as a punishment. 
 
 I know no pain, they can ;;if/i<-t upon hnn, 
 Will uial^e him say I mov'd hnu to those arms. 
 
 Sniikesp 
 Sufficient is this punishment which was infiicud. 
 
 ii cirt". n. 
 
 What the potent victor in his rage 
 
 Can . Ue wfl'ict. Mdtmi. 
 
 What heart could wish, what hand infikt this 
 
 ■ dire disgrace? Drifdens iKneid. 
 
 By luxury we condemn ourselves to greater tor- 
 
 iT.ents than'have been yet invented by anger or 
 
 revenge, or bitikted by the greatest tyrants upon 
 
 the worst of men. Temple. 
 
 Infli'cter. n. s. [from inJUct.] He who 
 punishes. 
 
 Revenge is commonly not bounded, but ex- 
 tended to the utmost power of the iiijlicter. 
 
 i'toveinment oj'the^cmgue. 
 
 Infli'ction. n. s. [from injlict.] 
 
 1. The act of using punishments. 
 
 So our decrees, 
 Dead to iuflktinn, to themselves are dead ; 
 And liberty plucks justice by the nose. Shiikesp. 
 Sin ends" certainly in death ; death not only as 
 to merit, but also as to aciual iii/iicliuii. South. 
 
 2. The punishment imposed. 
 
 What, but thv malice, m.v'd thee to misdeem 
 Of righteous Job, than cruelly to afflict him 
 With all in/iirti(i;K? But his patience won. Milt. 
 
 How despicable are the threats of a creature as 
 impotent as ourselves, when cojupared with the 
 ■wrath of an Almighty Judge, wliose power ex- 
 tends to eternal infticiions. Rogers. 
 
 His severest injiwt'wns are in themselves acis of 
 justice and righteousness. Rogers. 
 
 Infli'ctive. adj. [inflictive, Fr. from 
 inflict.'] That which iinposes a punish- 
 ment. 
 
 I'NFLUENCE. n.s. {influence, Fr. influo, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Power of the celestial aspects operating 
 uj)on terrestrial bodies and affairs. 
 
 The sacred influence of light appears. Hilton 
 Comets no rule, no righteous order own ; 
 Their influence dreadedras llieir ways unknown. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Ascendant power; power of directiisg 
 or modifying. It was anciently fol- 
 lowed by into ; now, less properly, by 
 upon. 
 
 Incomparable ladv, your commandant doth not 
 only give me the "ill, 6ut the power to obey you ; 
 such in/iutnce hath your excellency. Sidney. 
 
 I N F 
 
 God hath his influence into the very essence of 
 all things, without which influence of Deity sup- 
 portingthem, their utter annihilation could not 
 chuse but follow. Hooker. 
 
 A wise man shall over- rule his stars, and have 
 a greater influence upon his own content than all 
 the constellations and planets of the firmament. 
 
 Tuijlor. 
 
 Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault 
 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 Religion hath so great an influenceupon the feli- 
 city of men, that if ought to be upheld, not only 
 out of dread of the divine vengeance in another 
 world, hut out of regard to temporal prosperity. 
 
 Tillotson. 
 Our inconsistency in the pursuit of schemes 
 thoroughly digested, has a had influence on our 
 alfbirs. Addison. 
 
 So astonishing a scene would have present influ- 
 enceupon them, but not produce a lasting ellect. 
 
 Atterburij. 
 Where it ought to have greatest influence, this 
 obvious indisputable tiuth is little regarded. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 7o Influence, v.a. [from the noun ] 
 To act upon with dn-ective or impul- 
 sive ])ower; to modify to any purpose; 
 to guide or lead to any end. 
 
 Bv thy kind pow'r and influencing care, 
 The'various creatures move, and live, and are. 
 
 Miltm. 
 
 These experiments succeed after the same man- 
 ner in vacuo as in the open air, and therefoie are 
 not infiuenced by the weight or pressure of the at- 
 mosphere. " Neu-ton's Opticks. 
 
 This standing revelation was attested in the 
 most solemn and credible manner; and is suffici- 
 ent t ' influence their faith and practice, if iliey 
 attend. " .i4t(er6iiru. 
 
 All the restraint men are under is, by the viola- 
 tion of one law, broken through; and the prin- 
 ciple which influenced their obedience has lost its 
 efficacy on them. Rogers. 
 
 Influent, adj. [influens, Lat.] Flow- 
 ing in. 
 
 The chief intention of chirurgery, as well as 
 medicine, is keeping a just e([uilibrium between 
 tiie influent fluids and vascular solids. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Influential, adj. [from influence.] 
 Exerting influence or power. 
 
 Our now overshadowed souls may be emblemed 
 bv those crusted globes, whose influential emis- 
 sions are interrupted by tlie interposal of the be- 
 itighted element. Glanville. 
 
 The inward springs and wheels of the corporeal 
 machine, on the most sublimed intellectuals, are 
 dangerously influential. Glanville. 
 
 FNFLUX. n. s. [ivflu.rus, Lat.] 
 I. Act of flovv'ing into any thing. 
 
 We will enquiie whether there be, in the foot- 
 steps of nature, any such transmission and influx 
 of immateriate virtues, and what the ftTCe of ima- 
 gination is, either upon the body imaoinaut, or 
 upon another body. Bacon s /Cat. Hist. 
 
 If once coutracled in a systole, by the influx of 
 the spirits, w'hy, the spirits continually flowing in 
 without let, dolh it not always remain so ? Ray. 
 An elastick fibre, likea bow, thenioreextended, 
 it restore itself with the greater force : if thespring 
 be destroyed, it is like a bag, only passive as to 
 the intlux' o( the liquid. Arbuthnot. 
 
 •2. Infusion ; intromission. 
 
 There is another life after tiiis ; and the influx 
 
 of the knowledge of God, in relation to this ever- 
 
 lastinslife, is infinitely of moment. Hale. 
 
 3. Influence ; power. In this sense it is 
 
 now not used. 
 
 Adam, in innocence, might have held, by the 
 coininued influx of the divine will and power, a 
 state of innnortality. Hale. 
 
 These two do not so much concern sea-fish, yet 
 thev have a great iuiitu upon rivers, ponds, and 
 lakes. Hale. 
 
 INF 
 
 Influ'xious. adj. [from influx.] Influ- 
 ential. Not used. 
 
 The moon hath an influxious power to make im- 
 pressions upon their humours. Howel. 
 To Info'ld. v. n. \in and/oW.] To in- 
 volve ; to inwrap ; to inclose with invo- 
 lutions. 
 
 For all the crest a dragon did infold 
 With greedy uaws, and over all did spread 
 His golden w nigs. Fairy Queen, 
 
 Noble Baiiquo, let me infold thee. 
 And hold thee to my heart. Shakesp. 
 
 But does not nature for the child prepare 
 The parent's love, the tender nurse's cure ? 
 Who, for their own forgetful, seek his good, 
 Injold his limbs in bands, and fill his veins with 
 food. Black. 
 
 Wings raise her arms, and wings her feet iidvld. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To Info'liate. v. a. [in andfolium, Lat.] 
 To cover with leaves. Not much used, 
 
 but elegant. 
 
 Long may his fruitful vine ir^nliate and clasp 
 abfuit him with erabracements. Howel. 
 
 To INFORM, v.a. [ivjormcr, Fr. in- 
 
 formo, Lat.j 
 1. To animate ; to actuate by vital powers. 
 
 All alike injorm'd 
 With radiant light, as glowing ir'n with fire. 
 
 MUtm. 
 Let others better mold the running mass 
 Of metals, and inform the breathing brass; 
 And soften into ttesii a marble face. Dryd. J£n. 
 
 As from chaos, huddl'd and deform'd, 
 The god struck fire, and lighted up the lamps 
 'i'lmt beautify the sky ; so he informed 
 This ill-shap d body with a darino soul. 
 
 Dryden and Lee. 
 Breath informs this fleeting frame." Prior. 
 
 This sovereign arbitrary soul 
 Tnforms^ and moves, and animates the whole. 
 
 Blackmore. 
 
 While life informs these limbs, the king reply d. 
 
 Well to deserve be all my cares employ 'd. Pope. 
 
 •2. To in.struct ; to supply with new know- 
 ledge; to acquaint. Before the thing 
 communicated was anciently put with ; 
 now generally of; sometimes in. I 
 know not how properly. 
 
 I'he drift is to inform their minds witli some 
 method of reducing" the laws hito their original 
 causes. hooker, 
 
 I liave this present evening from my sister 
 Been well ittfirrm'd of them, aud with cautions. 
 
 Shakes-p 
 
 Our ruin, by thee inform'd, I learn. Milton. 
 
 'Ihe long sj'eeches rather confounded than in- 
 fo: mcd I'.is understanding. Clarendon. 
 
 The difficulty arises not from what sense informs 
 us of, but from wrong applying our notions. Uigby, 
 
 Though I may not be able to inform men more 
 than they know, yet 1 may give them the occasion 
 to consider. Ttmple. 
 
 The ancients examined in what consists the 
 be.iuty of good postures, as their works suffici- 
 ently "in/ljrni us. Dryden. 
 
 He may be ignorant of these truths, who will 
 never take the pains to employ his faculties to in- 
 form himself o/ them. Locke. 
 
 To understand tlie commonwealth, and religion, 
 is enough: few inform themselves in these to the 
 bottom. Locke. 
 
 A more proper opportunity tends to make th« 
 liarrauon more n;/iirmi«^ or beautiful. Brtotne, 
 
 I think it necessary, for the interest of virtue 
 and religion, that the whole kingdom should be 
 informed in s e parts of your character. Suift. 
 
 3. I'o offer an accusation to a magistrate. 
 
 Tertullus informed the governor against Paul. 
 
 AcU. 
 
 To Info'rm. v. n. To give intelligence. 
 
 It is the bloody business which iniornu 
 Thus to mine ey"es. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 980
 
 I N F 
 
 Ikfo'rmal. adj, [from inform.] Irre- 
 gular; not competent. A word not 
 used. 
 
 These poor informal women are no more 
 But instruineiits uf bonif inure mi^iilicr member, 
 TliHt sets tliem un. Shak. MeasurtJ'or Meamn. 
 
 In'fo'rmant. 71, s. [Fr.] 
 
 1. One wlio iiives information or instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 He believes the sentence is true, as it is made 
 
 lip cf terms which his inforjnant uiiderstaiiris, 
 tlioniih the ideas he uiiknuwii to him wliich Ins 
 Vijoniiiiitt has under these wurds. IVatts. 
 
 2. One wlio exhibits an accusation. 
 Informa'tion. n.s. [in aud formation 
 
 Lat. t'roiii iyiJormJ] 
 
 1. Intellijrence ^iven ; instruction. 
 
 But reason with the fellow. 
 Lest you should ciiance to whip ^uur information. 
 And beat the messenger who bills beware 
 Of what is to be dreaded. Shakesp. Corioluiuts. 
 
 The active injortnatiiftis of the iiilelltct fillini: 
 the passive reception of the will, like form cl 'sing 
 ^vith matter, prew actuate into a third atid distinct 
 perfection of practice. Soutk's Sennom. 
 
 They ^ave those complex ideas names, that the 
 things tnev were continually? to f^ive atid receive 
 injimnntiim about, might be tlie easieratid quicker 
 understood. Locke. 
 
 fie should rejiard the propriety of his words, 
 and get some information in the subject he intends 
 o li:indie. Sitiji. 
 
 These men liave had longer opportunities of 
 information, and are eijuail^' concerned with our- 
 selves, liogeis. 
 *. Change or accusation exhibited. 
 
 3. The act of informing or accusing. 
 Info'rmer. 71. s. [from infoy-tn,] 
 
 i. One wlio gives instruction or intelli- 
 gence. 
 
 This writer is either biassed by an inclination 
 to believe the worst, or a want of judgment to 
 chuse his irformers. Swift. 
 
 2. One who discovers offenders to the 
 
 maoristrate. 
 
 There were spies and infoTTners set to w.irk to 
 watch ihe company. * L'Kstrunge. 
 
 Let no Court sycofjhant pervert ray sense, 
 Nor sly informer waich these words to draw 
 Within the reach of treason. Pope. 
 
 Informers are a detestable race of jjeople, al- 
 tliough sometimes necessary. Suift. 
 
 Info'rmidable. adj. \in and fortnida- 
 biNs. Lat.] Not to be feared ; not to 
 be dreaded. 
 
 Of streneih, of courage haughty, and of limb 
 Heroick built, though of terrestrial mold ; 
 Foe not iiformidabte, exempt from wound. Milton. 
 
 I N FORM IT Y. 71.5. [from iw/orOT(^, Lat.] 
 Shapelessness. 
 
 From this narrow time of gestation may ensue 
 a smallness in the exclusion ; but this inferreth no 
 informiiu. Broicn-s Viilg. Err. 
 
 Info'kmous. adj. [informe, Fr. informis, 
 Lat] Shapeless ; of no regular figure. 
 
 1 liat a bear brings forth her voung informoiis 
 and unshapen, which she fashioneth after by 
 licking them over, is au opinion delivered hv an- 
 cient writers. Brown's Vulg'^ Err. 
 
 Info'rtunate. adj. [infortunt', Fr. in- 
 forfunatus, Lat.] Unhappy. See Un- 
 fortunate, which is commonly used. 
 
 _ Perkin, destitute of all Iiopes, having found all 
 either false, faint, or infortunate, dldgladlv accept 
 of the condition. Bacoiis Heniy Vll. 
 
 To Infract, v. a. {inj'ractus, Lat. J lo 
 break. Not used. 
 
 Falling fast, from gradua' slope to slope. 
 With wild infracted course and lessen'd roar, 
 It gaius a safer bed. Tfuyimons Summer. 
 
 I N F 
 
 Infra'ction. n.s. [infraction, Fr. in- 
 
 fravtiCj Lat.] The act of breaking ; 
 breach; violation of treaty. 
 
 By the same gods, tin- justice of who'-e wrath 
 Puiiish'd the infraction ot my former faith. HW/er. 
 
 the wolves, preleiiditiK an ii fraction in the 
 abuse of their lioatdges, felFupon the sheep with- 
 out their dogs. V Estrange. 
 
 Infra'ncjible. adj. [i7i and fi'angible.] 
 
 Not to be broken. 
 
 The primitive atoms are supposed ifi/rang^i7*/c, 
 extremely c<inipacted and hard, w hich c<ttiipa{"fed- 
 ness and harditessis a denionstration that nothing 
 ctmid be produced by them, since tliey could 
 never cohere. Chcune. 
 
 Infre'quency. n. s. [infrequentia^ Lat.] 
 Uncommonness; rarity. 
 
 Jhe absence of the gods, anci the iifrc^uencM of 
 
 objects, made her yield. Broome on the Otlvs.<eu. 
 
 I N FR e'qu E N T. adj. [infrcquen-i, Lat.] 
 
 Rare; uncommon. 
 To Infri'gidate. r. a. [in and frigidus, 
 Lat.] To chill ; to make cold. 
 
 The drops reached little further than the sur- 
 face of the liiju >r, whose coldness did not infri- 
 gidnte those upper parts of the glass. BouU. 
 
 To INFRINGE, v. a. [infringe, Lat.]' 
 i. To violate ; to break laws or contracts. 
 Those many had not dar'd to do that evil, 
 If the first man that did tli' edict irfilni^e. 
 Had answtr'd for his deed. Shak. Meas.for Meas. 
 
 Having in/WK»'(f the hiw, I wave my right 
 As king, and thus submit myself to light. U alter. 
 2. To (festroy ; to iiinder, 
 
 Hum'TlJes, being plain and popular instructions, 
 do not infringe theeiiicacy, although but read. 
 
 Hooker. 
 Bright as the deathless gods and happy, she 
 From all that may i7i/W?ig'e delight is free. Waller. 
 
 Infringement, n.s, [from infringe] 
 Breach ; violation. 
 
 The punishing of this infringement is proper to 
 that jurisdiction against which the contempt is. 
 
 Clarendon 
 
 Infringer. 7i,s. [from infringe.] A 
 breaker ; a A'iolator. 
 
 A clergyman's habit ought to he without any 
 lace, under a severe penalty to be inflicted on the 
 i»/rm^ersof the provincial constitution. Aulijfe. 
 Infu'ndibvliform. n.s. [from infundi- 
 hulum and forma, Lat.] Of the shape 
 of a funnel ortundish. 
 Infuriate, adj. [in and furia, Lat.] 
 Enraged ; raging. 
 
 At tir other bore, with touch of fire 
 Dilated and irfiiriate. Milton. 
 
 Fir'd by the torch of noon to tenfold rage, 
 T' injnriate hWi forth shoots tlie pillar'd flame. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Infusca'tion. n.s. [infuscatus, Lat,] 
 'Fhe act of darkening or blackening. 
 
 To INFUSE, V. a. [infuser, Fr. infusus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 L To pour in ; to instil. 
 
 Thou almost mak'st me waver in my faith, 
 To hold opinion with Pytiiagoras, 
 That souls uf animals iJifuse themselves 
 Inio the trunks of men. Shakesp. Merck, of Venice. 
 
 My early mistress, now n)y ancient muse, 
 That strung Ciicean liquor ceaSL* t" infuse. 
 Wherewith thou didst intoxicate my vonth./)en/i. 
 
 Why should he desire to have qualities infused 
 
 into hfs son, which himself never possessed ?6Vj/f. 
 
 2. To pour into the mind ; to inspire into. 
 
 For when God's liand had written in the hearts 
 Of our first patents all the rules of good. 
 So that their skill infns'd surpass'd all arts 
 That ever were before, or since the flood. Davies. 
 
 Sublime ideas, and apt words in/"ustr ; 
 The muse instruct my voice, and ihou inspire the 
 muse. AMcomimm. 
 
 I N c; 
 
 He infus'd 
 Bad influence into th unwary breast. Milton, 
 
 Infuse into their young breasts such a noble ar- 
 dour as will make them renowned. MiUvn. 
 
 Meat must be with money bouglit; 
 .Site therefore, upon second thought, 
 Infus'd, yet as it were by slcalth, 
 Some small regard for state and wealth. Sicift. 
 
 3. To steep in any hquor with a gentle 
 heat; to macerate so as to extract the 
 virtues of any thing without Iwiling. 
 
 lake violets, and infuse a good pugil uf them in 
 a quart of vinegar. Bacon's Sat. Hist. 
 
 4. To make an infusion with any ingre- 
 dient ; to supply, to tincture, to .'saturate 
 with any thing infused. Not used. 
 
 Drink, infused with flesh, will nourish faster and 
 easier ih.in meat and drink together, fioC'ii. 
 
 5. To inspire with. Not used. 
 
 riiou didst smile, 
 Infused with a fortitude from heav'n, Shakesp. 
 
 Injuse his breast with magnanimity, 
 .\nd make him, naked, foil a man at arms. Shak, 
 
 Infu'sible. adj. [from infuse.] 
 
 i. Possible to he infusecL 
 
 From whom the doctrines being infusU>le into 
 all, it will be more necessary to forewarn all of 
 the danger of them. Hammond. 
 
 2. Incapable of dissolution ; not fusible ; 
 that cannot be molten. 
 
 A'itriHcatiun is the last work of fire, and a fu- 
 sion of the salt and earth, wherein the fusible salt 
 draws the earth and infnsihle part into one con- 
 titium. Browns Fuij. Ej^. 
 
 Infu'sion. n.s. [infusion, Fr. irifusic, 
 
 Lat.] 
 \. The act of pouring in; instillation. 
 
 Our language has received innumerable ele- 
 gancies and improvements from that infusiim of 
 Hebraisms, which are derived to it out of tl.« 
 poetical passages in holy writ. Addisim. 
 
 2. The act of pouring into the mind ; in- 
 spiration. 
 
 NVe participate Christ partly by imputation, as 
 when those things which he did and suffered for 
 ns are imputed to us for righteousness ; partly* bjr 
 habitual and real infusion, as when grace is in- 
 wardly bestowed on earth, and afterwards more 
 fully both our souls and bodies in glory. Hooker. 
 
 3. Suggestion ; whisper. 
 
 They found it would be matter of ereat debate 
 and spend much time, during which they did not 
 Jesire their ciunpany, nor to be troubled with 
 their infusions. Clarendon. 
 
 Here his folly and his wisdom are of his own 
 growth, not the echo or infusion of other men. 
 
 Sup. 
 i. The act of steeping any thing in mois- 
 ture without boihng. 
 Kepeat the infusion of the body oftener, Boccn, 
 5. The liqut)r made by infusion. 
 
 To have the infusion strong, in those bodies 
 which have finer spiritSi repeat the infusion of the 
 body oftener. Bacon. 
 
 Infusive. adv. [from infuse.] Having 
 the power of infusion, or being infused. 
 A word not autliorised. 
 
 Still let mv song a nobler note assume. 
 And sing th*^ iiifwtve force of Spring un man. 
 
 Thorn snn. 
 
 Inga'te. n.s. [in and gate .] Entrance; 
 passage in. An old word. 
 
 One noble person stoppelh the ini^ate of ^W that 
 evil which is looked for, and holdeth iu all tho^e 
 which are at his back. bpenst'r. 
 
 Jnganna'tion. 71. s. [ingannare, Itah] 
 
 Cheat; fraud; deception; juggle ;dc' 
 lusion ; imposture ; trick ; slight. A 
 word neither used nor necessary. 
 
 981
 
 I N G 
 
 Whoever bliall resign their reasons, either fri)m 
 tlie root of deceit in tlieniselves, or inability' to 
 resist such trivial in<fannatwiis from others, are 
 within the line of vulgarity. Brown. 
 
 Inga'thering. n.s. [in and gathering.] 
 The act of getting in the harvest. 
 
 'l"hi>u slialt Keep the feast of ingallterin^, wlieti 
 
 thou hast gatlieied in tliy labours out of the field 
 
 K.\od, xxiii. 16. 
 
 Inge, in the names of places, signifies a 
 
 meadow, ti'om the Saxon inj, of the same 
 
 import. Gibson's (Jumdtn. 
 
 To Inge'minate. 1'. a. [ingtmino, Lat.] 
 
 To double ; to repeat. 
 
 He wuuld often ing^emminate the word peace, 
 peace. Clarendon. 
 
 Ingemina'tion. n. s. [in and geminatio, 
 Lat.] Repetition ; reduplication. 
 
 Inge'n dereR. n. s. [fiom ingnider.] He 
 that generates. See Engender. 
 
 Inge'nerable. aclj. [in and venerate.] 
 Not to be produced or brought into 
 being. 
 
 Divers naturalists esteem the air, as well as 
 other elements, to be ingeneruble and incorrupti- 
 ble. Boyle. 
 
 Inge'nekate. 7 adj. [ingcneratus, 
 Inge'nerated. J Lat.] 
 
 1. Inborn; innate; inbred. 
 
 Those vi' tues were rather feigned and affected 
 things to serve his ambition, than true qualities 
 ingenerale in Itis judgment or nature. Bacon. 
 
 In d'vers children their ingenerale and seminal 
 powers lie deep, and are of sicjw disclosure. IVotton. 
 
 Those noble habits are ingetierated in the soul, 
 
 as religion, gratitude, obedience, and tranquillity 
 
 Hale's Origin of Majikind. 
 
 2. Unbegotten. Not commonly used. 
 
 Yet shall we demonstrate the same, from per- 
 sons presumed as far from us in condition as time ; 
 timt is, our first and ingenerated forefathers. Ui-oicn. 
 
 INGENIOUS, adj. [ingenieux, Fr. jm- 
 
 gtnio-iui. Lat.] 
 1.- Witty; inventive; possessed of genius. 
 
 'Tis a per'lous boy, 
 Bold, quick, ingenious, forward, capable. Slmkesp. 
 
 Our ingenious friend Cowley not only has em- 
 ployed much eloquence to pe'rsuade that truth in 
 his preface, but has in one of his poems given a 
 noble e.tample of it. Boyle. 
 
 The more ingenious men are, the more they are 
 apt to trouble themselves. Temple. 
 
 2.. Mental ; intellectual. Not in use. 
 The kina is mad : how stiff is my vile sense. 
 That I stand up, and have in":enious feeling 
 Of my huge sorrows! better I were distract. Shah 
 
 Inge'nioosly. adv. [from ingenious.] 
 Wittily ; subtily. 
 
 I will not pretend to judge by common fears, 
 or the schemes of men too ingeniously politick. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Inge'niousness. n.s. [from ingenious.] 
 
 Wittiness; siibtility ; strength of genius. 
 
 The greater appearance u( ingcniousuess there is 
 in the |)ractice I am disapprovijig, the more dan- 
 gerous it is. Boyle. 
 lTiGE'TSilTE.adJ.[ingenilus, Lat.] Innate; 
 inborn; native ; ingenerale. 
 
 Aristotle atiirins the miiiil lo be at first a mere 
 rasa tabula; and that notions are not ingrnite, and 
 imprinted by the fin^;! r of Nature, but by the 
 iatierand more languid impressions of sense, being 
 only the reports of observation, and the result of 
 so many repeaterl experiments. South 
 
 We give them this ingenite, moving force. 
 That makes them always downward take their 
 course. Block. 
 
 Ingenu'ity. n. s. [ingenuilc, Fr. from 
 ingenuous.'] 
 
 I N G 
 
 1. Openness ; fairness ; candour ; freedom 
 from dissimulation. 
 
 Such of high riuitlitv, or rather of particular 
 note, as shall fall under my i>en, I sh:ill not let 
 pa:5S without their due character, being part of my 
 professed ingenuUij- Wottoii. 
 
 My constancy 1 to the planets give ; 
 My truth, to them wlio at the court di» live ; 
 Mine imi^enuitu ii^'i'^ (>|ieniie^s 
 To Jesuits ; to bulFouns my i)cusiveness. Doune. 
 
 I know not whetlierit he mure shame or wonder, 
 tliat men can so put olX i}ii:;niuiri), aiul llie native 
 greatness of their kind, nb ti> (Icscend to s<i base, 
 so ignoble a vice. ('overniuent of the Toni^ue. 
 
 if a child, when questioned for any thing, di- 
 rectly confess, you must cummciid liis ingenuiti), 
 and pardon the fault, be it what it will. Locke. 
 
 2, [From inge7iious.'\ Wit ; invention ; 
 genius; subtilty ; acuteness. 
 
 These are hut the frigidities of wit, and become 
 not the genius of manly ingenuities. Broun. 
 
 The ancient atomic;il hypothesis might have 
 slept for ever, had not the ingenuity uf the present 
 age recalled it from its urn and silence. Glanvitle. 
 
 Such sots have neither parts nor wit, ingenuity 
 of discourse, nor fineness of conversation, to en- 
 tertain or delight any one. ^'Soulh. 
 
 A pregnant instance how far virtue surpasses 
 ingenuity, and how mucli an honest simplicity is 
 preferable to fine parts and subtile speculations. 
 
 Woodward. 
 
 INGE'NUOUS. affj. [ingenuus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Open ; fair; candid ; generous; noble. 
 
 Many speeches there are of Job's, whereby his 
 wisdom and other virtues may appear; but the 
 glory of an ijigennoits mind lie hatli purchased by 
 these words only, Bel'.old, I will lay mine hand 
 upon my mouth ; 1 have sjjokcn 6nce, 3'et will J 
 not therefore maintain argument ; yea twice, how- 
 beit for that cause further I will not proceed. 
 
 Hooher. 
 
 1 nfuse into their young breasts such an ingemious 
 and noble ardour, as wuuld not fail to make 
 many of them renowned. Milton. 
 
 If an iii^enwoits detestation of falsehood be but 
 carefully and early instilled, that is the true and 
 genuine method to obviate dii^honesty. Locke. 
 
 2. Freeborn ; not of servile extraction. 
 
 Subjection, as it preserves property, peace, and 
 safety, so it will never diminish riglits nor in- 
 g^en»ous liberties. King Charles. 
 
 Inge'nuously. adv. [from ingenuous.] 
 Openly ; fairly ; candidly; generously. 
 
 Ingennnuslij I speak, 
 No blame belongs to thee. Shakesp. Timon. 
 
 It was a notable observation of a wise father, 
 and no less ingenuously confessed, that those which 
 held and persuaded pressure of consciences were 
 conmionly Interested. Bacon. 
 
 I will ingenuouslu confess, that the helps were 
 taken from divines of the church of England. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Inge'nuousness. n.s, [fvom ingenuous.] 
 Openness ; fairness ; candour. 
 
 I'ngeny. 71. s. [ing€7iium, Lat.] Genius; 
 wit. Not in use. 
 
 Whatever of the production of his ingeny comes 
 into foreign parts, is higlHy valued. Boyle. 
 
 To INGE'ST. V. a. [ingestus, Lat.] To 
 throw into the stomach. 
 
 Nor will we afHrni that iron, i7igestcd, rccelveth 
 in the beliv of the osteiidge nu alteration. Broun. 
 
 Some tlif long funnel's curious mouth exti-nd, 
 Through which ingested meats with ease descend. 
 
 Blachnim-e. 
 
 Inge'stton. n. s. [from ingest.] The act 
 of throwing into the stomach. 
 
 It lias got room enough to grow into its full 
 dimension, uhich is perfoimed by the daily in- 
 gestion "f milk and oilier food, that's in a short 
 time after digested into blood. harit^. 
 
 I N G 
 
 INGLO'RIOUS. adj. [inglorius, Lat.] 
 Void of honour; mean : without glory. 
 
 Lest fear retnrn thcni back to Egypt, chusing 
 Ini^loi-ious life with servitmle. Milton. 
 
 It was never held ingLorions or derogatory for a 
 king to be guided by his great council, nor dis- 
 honourable for subjects to yield and bow to theii 
 king. Houel. 
 
 \et though our army brought not conquest 
 home, 
 I did not from the fight ingloriotis come. Dryden. 
 
 Inglo'riously. adiK [from inglorious "[ 
 With ignominj'; with want of glory. 
 
 This vase tlie chief o'ercome, 
 Re[)!enish'd not ingloviously at home. Pope. 
 
 I'ngot. n.s. [Ungot, Fr. or from ingego- 
 ten melted, Dut.] A mass of metal. 
 
 Some others were new driven, and distent 
 Into great ingots, and to wedges squa.-e. Spenser. 
 
 If thou art rich, thou'rt poor ; 
 For like an ass, whose back's with ingots bound. 
 Thou bear'st thy heavy riches but a journey. 
 And death unloadeth thee. Shak. Meus.Jor Meas. 
 
 Within the ciicle arms and tripods lie, 
 higotsoi g^Ad and silver heap'd on high. Dryden, 
 
 Every one of his pieces is an ingot of gold, in- 
 trinsically and solidly valuable. Priccr, 
 
 To Ingra'ff. I', a. [in and graff.] 
 
 1. To propagate trees by insition. 
 
 ]Nor are the wa3's alike in all 
 How to ingra^j how to inoculate. Ttlays Virgih 
 "2. To plant the sprig of one tree in the 
 stock of another; as, he ingrafted an 
 apple upon a crab. 
 
 3. To plant or introduce any thing not 
 native. 
 
 All his works on me, 
 Good or not guutl, ingraji, my merits those 
 Shall perfect, and for those alone. Milton. 
 
 As next of kin, Achilles' arms I claim ; 
 This fellow would ingrajl a foreign name 
 U pou our stock. Dryden, 
 
 4. To fix deep ; to settle. 
 
 For a spur of diligence, we have a natural thirst 
 after knowledge ingrafted in lis. Hooker. 
 
 'Tis great pity that the noble JMoor 
 Should hazard such a place as his own second. 
 With one of an ingrajt infirmity. Shak. Othello. 
 
 Ingrafted love he bears to Ca;sar. Sliakesp. 
 
 Ingra'ftment. n. s. [from ingraft.] 
 
 1 . The act of ingrafting. 
 
 "2. The sprig ingrafted. 
 
 Ingra'te. \sdj. [ingrains, Lat. in- 
 
 Ingra'teful.J grat,V\-.] Ingrate is 
 
 proper, but ingruteful less proper than 
 
 ungrateful. 
 
 1. Ungrateful; unthankful. 
 
 That we have been familiar, 
 J/i^raleforgetfuhiess shall poison, ratlier 
 Than pity note how much Shak. Coriolanus. 
 
 And you degcn'rate, you i7ig7'aie revolts. Shak, 
 So will fall 
 He and i;is faithless progeny : whose fault,' 
 Whose but his own? Ingrate; he had of me 
 All he could have : I made him just and ri»ht, 
 SutKcient to have stood, though free to fall. Milton. 
 
 Perfidious and ijigiate.' 
 His stores ye ravage, and usurp his state. 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 2. Unpleasing to the sense. 
 
 The causes of that which is unpleasing or in- 
 grnte to the hearing, may receive light by that 
 which is pleasing and grateful to the sight. 
 
 Bacon's Nat Hist. 
 He gives no grateful food. Milton. 
 
 To Ingra'tiate. v. a. [in and gratia, 
 Lai .] To put in favour ; to recommend 
 to kindness. It has with before the 
 person whose favour is sought. 
 
 083
 
 I N G 
 
 Those have been far from receiving iho rewards 
 KiM Buch ingratiatui^s irith ihc \teti\Aii.hin^ Charlei. 
 
 Their iiiiiiia^eis iiuikc them see ariiiics in thr 
 air, and jzive tlieni their word, the niore -to in- 
 grat'ute theaiselvcs with them, .that they iigiiify 
 iiotliing less than future slau{^lUer and desohition. 
 
 Addhui. 
 
 Politicians, who would rather ingrati-.tte theiu- 
 gelves u'UJi their sovereign thuu pruni'ile his real 
 service, accuiniuodatc his counsels to his inclina- 
 tions. Speclutor. 
 
 Ingra'titude. n, s. \ingrn(Uud€i Fr, 
 in and graiiltuh'.] Retribution of evil 
 for g')od ; unthajilvfulness. 
 
 ln<initHude ! thou marhle-liearted fiend, 
 INIure hideous, wlicn thou shew'st lliee in a chil'l, 
 Than the sea monster. Shakcsp. King Lear. 
 
 Ingratitude is abhorred both b^- Gud and man, 
 and vengeance attends those that repay evil for 
 good. L Estrange. 
 
 Nor was it with ingratitude retiini'd, 
 Li eq^ual fires the blissful couple burn'd ; 
 One joy possessed 'em both, and in one grief they 
 mourn'd. Dryden. 
 
 Ingre'dient. n. s. [ingredient, Fr. 
 ingredicnsj Lat.] 
 
 1, Component part of a body, c6nsisting 
 of different materials. It is commonly 
 used of the simples of a medicine. 
 
 The ointment is made of divers ingredients, 
 whereof ilie hardest to cunie hy is the muss u^jon 
 the skull of a dead man un buried. • 
 
 Bacon s Natural History. 
 
 So deep the pow'r of these ingredients pierc'd, 
 Ev'n to the iimiost seat of mental si^ht, ; 
 That Adam, now enf(»rc*d to shut his eyeSi 
 Sunk down, and all his spirits became' entranc'd. 
 
 Milt'm. 
 
 'By tliis way of anal3*sis we ma}' proceed from 
 compounds ti> ingredients, and from motions to the 
 forces producing them; and in general, from ef- 
 fects to their causes, and from particular causes 
 to more general ones, till the arguments end in 
 the more general. Newton. 
 
 I have ^ften wondered, that iearnins is not 
 thought a proper iH^T(/ien( in the education of a 
 woman of quality or fortune. Addison's Gitardinn. 
 
 Parts, knowledge, and experience, are excel- 
 lent ingredients in a public character. Rogers. 
 
 Water is the chief t?j^'rt(/i>?i( in all the animal 
 fluids and solids. ArhvXhnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. It is used by Temple with iiitOy pro- 
 perly, but not according to custom. 
 
 Spleen Is a bad ingredient into aa^" other dis- 
 temper. Temple. 
 
 I'ngress. 71. s. [i7igressuSf Lat.] En- 
 ' trance ; power of entrance ; intromis- 
 sion. 
 
 All putrefactions come from tlie ambient body; 
 either by ingress of the substance of the ambient 
 body into the body putrefied ; or else by exci- 
 tation of the body putrefied by the body ambient. 
 
 Bacon. 
 Those air-bladders, by a sudden subsidence, 
 meet again by the ingress and egress of the air. 
 
 ArOuth. 
 
 'f Ingre'ssion. n. s. [ingi-ession, Fr. in- 
 gi'cssiOf Lat.] TJie act of entering; 
 entrance. 
 
 The fire would strain the pores of the glass too 
 snddenjy, and break it all in pieces to get ingi-es- 
 sion. ■ Digby on Bodies. 
 
 Inguinal, adj. [ingtiinai, Fr, inguen, 
 Lat.] Belonging to the groin. 
 
 The plague seems to te a |)articular disease, 
 tharaclerised with eruptions in buboes, by the in- 
 flammation and suppuration of the auxiliary, in- 
 guirmt, and other glands. Arbutknot. 
 
 To Ingu'lf. v. a. [in and gulf.] 
 
 1. To swallow up in a vast profundity. 
 
 A river lanit^ 
 Vass'd underueatli ingulph'd, Miltun. 
 
 I N H 
 
 Cast out from God, he falls 
 Into utlfT darkness dfcp ingulyh'd. Milton. 
 
 'I'lif 'river flows redundant ; 
 Then rowlinp hack, in his cajiacious lap 
 Ingnlfi their whole militia, quick imnierst.P)ii/(i;)S. 
 2. To cast into a gulf. 
 
 If we adjoin to the lords, whether ihev prevail 
 or not, we tngii// ourselves into assured oaniier. 
 
 fiuyu'in-fi. 
 
 To Ingu'rgitate. v. a. [ingursilo, 
 Lat.] To swallow down. Diet. 
 
 Ingurgita'tion. n.s. [from ingurgi- 
 tate.] The act of swal lowing. 
 
 Ingu'stablf.. af(j. [('« and g-Ks/o, Lat.] 
 Not pei-tcptihle by tlie taste. 
 
 As for iliL-ir laslc, if the carneleon's nulrimeiil 
 be air, neither can the ton;;Me be an instruntent 
 thereof, for tlir hndv of the element is ini'iirtn^/c, 
 void of all sapidity, and without any aclioji of llit. 
 tongue, is, by the rough artery, or wizzen, con- 
 ducted into the lungs. Brown's Vulgur Ernnus. 
 
 Inha'bilf.. tiflj. [inhahile, Fr. inhuhHis, 
 Lat.] Unskilful ; unready ; unfit ; un- 
 qualified. 
 
 To Inha'bit. r. a. [habilo, Lat.] To 
 dwell in ; to hold as a dweller. 
 
 Not all arc partakers of that grace whereby 
 
 Christ inhclnlrth wh<iin he saveth. Hooker. 
 
 They shall build bouses and inhabit them. Isai. 
 
 ■ She shall be inhubited of devils. Baruch. 
 
 To Inha'bit. i'. w. To dwell; to live. 
 
 Learn what creatures there inhabit. Milton. 
 
 They sav, wild beasts inhabit here ; 
 But grief and wrong secure ray fear. Waller. 
 
 Inha'bitable. adj. [from inhabit.] 
 1 . Capable of aftbrding habitation. 
 
 The fixed stars are all of them suns, with sys- 
 tems of inhabitable planets moving about iheni. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 •2. [Tiihahiftih'e, Tr.] Incapable of inha- 
 biUnts ; not habitable ; uninhabitable. 
 Not in use. 
 
 The frozen ridges of the Alps, 
 Or any other ground itihabituble. Shakesp. 
 
 Inha'bitance. n. s. [from inhabit.] 
 Residence of dwellers. 
 
 So Ihe ruins vet resting in the wild moors, tes- 
 tily a former iithabitmce.Carevi'sSurv.oJ ConiuMtl. 
 
 iNHA'niTANT. n. s. [from inhabit.] 
 Dweller ; one that lives or resides in a 
 place. 
 
 In this place they report that they saw inhnhi- 
 tants, wliich were very fair and fat people, .ibbot. 
 
 If the fervour of tlie sun were the ^ole cause of 
 blackness in any land of negroes, it were also rea- 
 sonable that inhahiinnts of the same latitude, sub- 
 jected unto the same vicinity of the sun, should 
 also partake of the same hue. Brown. 
 
 For his sujiposed love a third 
 Lays greedy hold upon a bird. 
 And stands amaz'd to find his dear 
 A wild iiihalntant of ih' air. _ II",i//er. 
 
 What happier natures shrink at with afi'right. 
 The hard inhabitant contends is right. I'ope. 
 
 Inhabita'tion. 71. s. [from inhabit.] 
 
 1. Habitation; place of dwelling. 
 
 Universal groan, 
 As if the whole inhabitation perish'd. _ tlilton. 
 
 2. The act of inhabiting or planting with 
 
 dwellings ; state of being inhabited. 
 
 By knowing this place wc shall the better judge 
 of the beginning of nations, and of the worhPs 
 in/i(i6ilu(i.>n. Ualcigh. 
 
 3. Quantity of inhabitants. 
 
 We shall rather admire how the earth contained 
 its inhabitation than doubt it. iircu-ii's Vulg. Err. 
 
 Intia'biter. 71. s. [from inhabit.] One 
 that inhabits ; a dweller. 
 
 INH 
 
 The same name is given unto the iolaiiders, or 
 midland iahabiters, of tliis islaud. Brtncn. 
 
 Woe to the inhahitcn of the earth. Rn. viii. Vi. 
 
 They ought to understand, that there is r\ot 
 only some inhabiter in this divine house, but al^o 
 some ruler. Derham. 
 
 To Inha'le. V. a. [inhalo, Lat.] To 
 draw in with air ; to inspire : opposed 
 to exhale or expire. 
 
 Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh 
 breeze of the evening. Arbulh. and Bofie. 
 
 But from the breezy deep the blest inliate 
 The fragrant murunirs of the western gale. Pope. 
 
 There sits llie shepherd on the grassy turf. 
 Inhaling healthful the descending :uii. t'hormm. 
 
 Inharmo'niol'S. adj. [in and harmo- 
 nious.] Unmusical; not sweet of sound. 
 
 Catullus, though his lines b;; rough, and his 
 numbers inharmi'nioiii, 1 could reeouimeiid for the 
 softness and delicacy, but most decline iiir Uie 
 looseness, of his thoughts. I'eltott. 
 
 The identity of sound may appear a little m- 
 harinonious, and shock the ear. Broome. 
 
 To In he're. v.n. [in/ifcrto, Lat.] To 
 exist in something else. 
 
 For, nor in nothing, iK^r in things 
 Extreme and scattering bright, can love inhere. 
 
 Doitnc. 
 They do hut inhere in their subject which sup- 
 ports tliera ; their being is a dependence on a suii- 
 ject. l^'ghy on Bodies. 
 
 Inherent, adj. [inherent, Tt. inheerens, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Existing in something else, so as to be 
 inseparable from it. 
 
 I will nfit do't. 
 Lest 1 surcease to honour mine ow-n truth ; 
 And, my body's action, teach my mind 
 A most"inftfre/il baseness. Shakesp. Coriol^nus. 
 
 2. Naturally conjoined ; innate ; inborn. 
 I mean not th; authority which is annexed to 
 
 your otiice : I speak of that only which is inborn 
 and inherent to your person. Dri/den's Juvenat. 
 
 I'lie power of drawing iron is one of the ideas 
 of a loadstone ; and a power to be so drawn is .•• 
 part of the complex one of iron ; which powers 
 pass for inhei-ent qualities Ltyke. 
 
 .•Vnimal oil is various according to principles 
 inherent in it. Arbuthnat on Aliments. 
 
 Thev w-ill be sure to decide in favour of them- 
 selves^ and talk much of their inherent right.iiq/t. 
 
 The ideas of such modes can no more be sub- 
 sislent, than Ihe idea of redness was just lit >» 
 found to be inheient m the blood, or that of n hiie- 
 ness in the brain. Benllej. 
 
 The obligations we are under of dislinsiuishiig 
 ourselve^ as nuieh by an inherent and habitual, as 
 we are already distinguished by an extcrli.il and 
 relative holiness. BcnlUii. 
 
 To Inherit, v. a. [cnheriter, Tr.] 
 
 1 . To receive or possess by inheritance. 
 
 TreastHi is not inheritedt my li'id. Shakesp. 
 
 \\ hy, all dtlights arc vain"; but that most vain, 
 W hich with pain purchas'd doth inherit pain. 
 
 ■^ Shake>p. 
 
 Prince Harry is valiant ; for the cold blood he 
 . did naturally inherit of his father he hath, like 
 lean, slerii "land, manured with excellent good . 
 store of fertile sherries. Shakci: 
 
 Blessed are the meek, for th.ey shall inherit Use 
 earth. ^J"''- 
 
 The son can receive from his father gocd things, 
 without empire, that was veslnd in him fir the 
 good of others ; and tlieref .le ih.' sun cannot claim 
 or inherit it by a title, which is founded wholly 
 on his own private good. Locke. 
 
 We must know how the first ruler, from whom 
 any one claims, came by his authority, before we 
 can know who has a right to succeed him in it, 
 and inherit it from hiiu. Loeke. 
 
 Vnwilling to sell an estate he had some pros- 
 pect of inheriting^ he formed delays. .-ItWiftw:. 
 
 2. To possess ; to obtiiin possession of: 
 in Shakespeare. Not used. 
 
 D83
 
 I N H 
 
 He, that had wit, would think that I had none, 
 To bury so much gold under a tree, 
 And never after to inhtrit it. Shakcsp. Titus And. 
 
 Inhe'ritable. a(/j, [from inherit.] 
 l^ansmissible by inheritance ; obtain- 
 able by succession. 
 
 A kind oiinheritable estate accrued unto them. 
 
 Carew. 
 
 By the ancient laws of the realm, they were not 
 inherituble to hiiu by descent. Hauaard. 
 
 Was the powerthe same, and from the same 
 original in iVInses as it was in David ? And was 
 it inliivitiihte in one and not in the other ? Lucke. 
 
 Inhe'ritance. n,s, [from inherit.] 
 
 1. Patrimony ; hereditary possession. 
 
 When tiie son dies, let ilie i7i}iei'itance 
 Descend unto the daughter. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Is there yet any porUcin or inheritance for us in 
 our father's house ■: Gen. xxxi. 14. 
 
 Claim our just inheritance of old. Milton 
 
 O dear, unliappy babe ! must I bequeath thee 
 Only a sad inheritance of wue ? 
 Go. Is! cruel jjiids! can't all my pains atone, 
 Unless they reach my infant's guiltless heaii. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 2. The reception of possession by heredi- 
 tary right. 
 
 Men are not proprietors of what they have 
 merely for themselves, their children have a title 
 to part of it, wiiich comes tn be wholly tlieirs, 
 when death hns put an end to their parents use of 
 it; and this we call inheritance. Locke. 
 
 3. In Shah spear e J possession. 
 
 You will rather show our general lowts 
 How you c:in frown, tlian spend a fawn upon tliem. 
 For the inheritance of their loves, and safegnard 
 Of what that waul might ruin. Shah. Carinlanus. 
 Inhe'ritor. 71. s. [from inherit.] An 
 heir ; one who receives any thing by 
 succession. 
 
 Vou, like a letcher, out of whorish loins. 
 Are pleasVl to breed out 3'our inheritin'S. Shake.^. 
 
 The very conveyances of his lands will hardly 
 lie i.i this box ; and must the inhtritor himself 
 liave no more ? Shakcsp 
 
 iMiiiiiuge without consent of parents thev di 
 Hit make void, but they mulct it in the inherit,)ts; 
 for the children of such marriages are not admit- 
 ted to inherit above a third jiart of their parents' 
 inheritance. Bacvu's New Atlantis. 
 
 Inhe'ritress, w. s, [from inheritor.] 
 An heiress; a woman that inherits. 
 
 He hath given artificially some hopes to Mary 
 Anne, inheritrei:> to the duchy of Bretagne.BdCiin, 
 Inhe'ritrix. 71, s. [from inhe7'itvr.] 
 An heiress. This is now more common- 
 ly used, though inherifress be a woid 
 more analogically English. 
 
 No feme 
 Should be inheritrix in Salike land. Shakcsp. 
 
 To Inhe'rse. r. ff. [in and her.^e.] To 
 inclose in a funeral monument. 
 
 See, where he lies, inhersed in the arms 
 Of the most bloody nurser of In:* harms. Shakcsp. 
 
 Inhe'sion. n. s. \J7iha^siOy Lat.] In- 
 herence , the state of existing in sonie- 
 tliing else. 
 
 To I NMIBIT. V. fl. [inhibeOf Lat. inhibeTf 
 
 Fr.] 
 1 . To restrain ; to hnuler ; to repress ; to 
 
 check. 
 
 l^Iultling of tiie breath Hotli he![i somewhat to 
 ctase the hiccough ; and vinegar put to the nos- 
 Irilv, or garuariscd, doth it also, for ihat it is as- 
 tringent, and inhibiteth the motion of the spirit. 
 
 hac-m 
 
 The stars and planets being whirled about with 
 
 treat velocity, would suddenly, did n"thiii(: inlii- 
 it it, be shattered in pieces. i?ai/ on the Creation. 
 Their motions also areexciteil and inhihited, are 
 moderated and managed, by tlie objects without 
 them. Bentley. 
 
 I N I 
 
 2. To prohibit ; to forbid. 
 
 All men were inhibited by proclaraatiori, at the 
 dissolution, so much as to mention a parliament. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Burial may not be inhibited or denied to anjy 
 
 one ^y^W^- 
 
 Inhibi'tion. n.s, [inhibition, Fr. in- 
 
 hibitio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Prohibition; embargo. 
 
 He might be judtied to have imposed an envious 
 inhibition on it, because himself has not stock 
 enough to maintain tlie trade. Gov. of the Tongue. 
 
 2. [In law.] 
 
 Inhibition is a writ to iiihibit or forbid a judge 
 from farther proceeding in the cnuse depending 
 before him. hihihition is most commonly a writ 
 issuiiig out of a higher court Christian to a lower 
 and inferior, upon an appeal ; and prohibition out 
 of the king's court to a court Christian, or to an 
 inferior temporal court. Cowell. 
 
 To Inho'ld. v. a. [in and hold,] To 
 have inherent ; to contain in itself. 
 
 It is disputed, whether tliis light first created be 
 the same which the sun inhotdeth and casteth forth, 
 or whether it had continuance any longer than 
 till the sun's creation. Raleigh. 
 
 Inhospitable, adj. [in and hospita- 
 ble ] Affording no kindness or enter- 
 tainment to strangers. 
 
 All places else 
 Inhospitable appear, and desolate ; 
 Nor kn"wing us, nor known. Milton. 
 
 Since toss'd from shores to shores, from lands 
 to lands, 
 Inhospitable rocks, and barren sands. Vryd. Virg. 
 
 Inho'spitably. adv. [from inhospita- 
 ble ] Unkindly to strangers. 
 
 Of guests he makes them slaves 
 Inhospitably ; and kills their infant males. Milton. 
 
 Inho'spitableness. ) M. A*, [in and ^05- 
 Inhospita'lity. § pit all ft/ ; inhos- 
 
 pifalifty Fr.] Want of hospitality ; want 
 
 of courtesy to strangers. 
 INHUMAN, adj. [inlmmain, Fr. iti- 
 
 humanus, Lat.] Barbarous ; savage ; 
 
 cruel ; uncompassionate. 
 
 A just war may be proseinted after a very un- 
 ust manner ; hy perfidious breaches of our word, 
 >y inhuman crnellit-s, and by assassinations. J((er. 
 
 The more these praises wcreeidar^ed, the more 
 inhumaii was tlie puni&hment> and the sutlerer 
 moie innocent. Swift. 
 
 Princes and peers attend ! wl'.ile we impart 
 To you the thoughts of nu inhnman heart. Pope. 
 Inhdma'nfty. n. s. [inhumanite, Fr. 
 from inhuman,'] Cruelty ; savageness ; 
 barbarity. 
 
 Lnve which lover Inirts is inhnmanity. Sidney. 
 
 The rudeness of those who ?nMst make up their 
 want of justice with inhumanity and impud**nce. 
 
 Kin;^ Charles. 
 Each social feeling fell. 
 And joyless inhnmanity pervades 
 And petrifies tlie heart. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 Inhu'manly. adv, [from i7ihunian.] 
 Savagely ; cruelK : barbarously, 
 
 O ! what are these ? 
 Death's ministers, not men : wlio thus deal death 
 Inhumanly £ ■ men ; and multiply 
 Trn thousand fold the sin of him who slew 
 His broihe- ! Milton. 
 
 1, who have estabiislicd ttie whole system of all 
 true politeness and rufihomeiit in cunversalitm, 
 thiuK myself most inhumanly trealed by my ciuni- 
 trynieu. Swifl- 
 
 To 1'nhumate. \ V. a. [inhviner, Fr. 
 To Inhu'me. 3 l^umOj Lat.] To bu- 
 ry ; to inter. 
 
 Weeping tiiey bear the mangled heaps of slain, 
 Inhume the natives in tlicir native plain. 
 
 rope's Odyssey. 
 
 To Inje'ct. V* a. [iryectits, Lat.] 
 
 iiv 
 
 I N I 
 
 1 . To tlirow in ; to dart in. 
 
 Angels inject thoughts into our minds, and 
 know our cogiiiiiions. GlanvilU. 
 
 •2. To throw up ; to cast up. 
 
 Though bold in open field, thev y^t surround 
 The town witli walls, and mound Inject on mound. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Inje'ction. n. s. [injection, Fr. injee- 
 tio, Lat.] 
 
 1. 'I'he act of casting in. 
 
 This salt powdered was, by the repeated injee. 
 tion of well-kindled charcoal, made to flash like 
 melted nitre. Boylf. 
 
 2. Any medicine made to be injected by 
 a syringe, or any other instrument, into 
 any part of the body. Quinci/. 
 
 3. The act of filling the vessels with wax, 
 or any other proper matter, to shevr 
 their shapes and ramifications, often 
 done by anatomists. Quinci/. 
 
 Inimati'bility. n.s. [from inimitable.] 
 Incapacity to be imitated. 
 
 Truths nnist have an eternal existence in some 
 uritierstanding ; or rather they are the same with 
 that understanding itself, considered as variously 
 representative, according to the various modes of 
 htimiUihilUu or participation. Noiris. 
 
 Ini'mitable. adj. [inimitabilis, Lat. 
 inimitable, Fr.] Above imitation ; not 
 to be copied. 
 
 The portal shone, inimitable on earth 
 By model, or by shading pencil drawn. Milton. 
 
 V\ hat is most excellent is most inimitable. Dcnh. 
 
 And imitate the inimitable force. Dryden. 
 
 A'irgil copied the ancient sculptors, in that ini' 
 mitable description of military furjr in the temple 
 of Janus. Addison. 
 
 Int'mitably. adj. [from illimitable.] 
 In a manner not to be imitated ; to a 
 degree of excellence above imitation. 
 
 A man cnld not have been always blind who 
 thus inimiliihlii copies nature. Pcpe'slssai/oHi/unier. 
 
 Thus terribly adorn'd the figures shine, 
 J/iimidit/v ™™»g'i' "'"i skill divine. . Pope. 
 
 Charms such as thine, inimitably great. Tiroome. 
 
 ToInjo'in. v. a. [enjoindre, Fr. i?ijun- 
 go, Lat.] 
 
 1. To command ; to enforce by authority. 
 See Enjoin. 
 
 Laws do not only teach what is good, but they 
 inj'-.in it ; they have in tliem a certain constrain- 
 ing force. Hooker. 
 
 This tajdeii tend, our pleasant task injoind. 
 
 ^ Milton. 
 
 2. In Shakespeare, to join. Not used. 
 
 The Ottomiles 
 Steeringwithd ue coursetowardsthe isle of Rhodes, 
 Havo liiere injoin'd them with a fleet. Uliukesp. 
 
 Ini'quitous. adj. [inigiie, Fr. from 
 
 iniquity.] Unjust ; wicked. 
 INIQUITY, n. s. [iniquilas, Lat. i«- 
 
 iquite, Fr.] 
 
 1. Injustice; unr'ghteousness. 
 
 There is greater or less probability of an h.ippj; 
 issue to a tedious war, according to the righteous 
 ness or ini/jidty of the cause for which it w as com- 
 njenced. Smalridge. 
 
 2. Wickedne.ss : crime. 
 
 Want of the knowledge of God is the cause of 
 all iniijnity amongst men. Hooker. 
 
 Till Ciud at last, 
 \\ called with their im^uitifs, withdraw 
 His orescnce from among tiicm. Milton. 
 
 Initial, urij. [initial, Fr. initialii, 
 from initium, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Placed at the beginning. 
 
 In the edition!, which had no more than the 
 iKliu/ letters of names, he was made by keys to 
 uirt the inortensive. Pope. 
 
 2. Incipient ; not complete. 
 
 98»
 
 I N J 
 
 Moderate hibour of tlie body conduces to llie 
 preservation of healtli, and cures many initial dis- 
 eases ; but the toil of the mind destroys lieaitii, 
 and generates maladies. Ilarveif. 
 
 The schools have used a middle term to express 
 this affection, and have called it the initial fear of 
 God. Iinc;ers. 
 
 To Ini'tiate. V, a. [initier, Fr. initio, 
 Lat.] To enter ; to instruct in the rudi- 
 ments of an art ; to place in a new state ; 
 to put into a new society. 
 
 Providence wuuld only initiate mankind into the 
 useful knowledge other treasures, ieaviiiw the rest 
 to employ our industry. iMure's Ant. agnimt Atheism. 
 
 'Vo initiate his pupil in any part of learning, an 
 ordinary skill in the governour is enough. Lncke. 
 
 He was initiated into half a dozen clubs before 
 he was one and twenty. Spectator. 
 
 No sooner was a convert in'tiated, but, by an 
 easy figure, he became a new man, Addisim. 
 
 To Ini'tiate. v. n. To do the first part; 
 to perform the first rite 
 
 The kin^ himself initiates to tlie pow'r. 
 Scatters with quiv'iing hand the sacred flour. 
 And the stream sprinkles. Pope's Odysseu- 
 
 Im'tiate. adj. [initie, Fr. initiaim, Lai.] 
 Unpractised. 
 
 My strange and seif-nbuse 
 Is the initiate fearj that wants hard use : 
 We re yi but young. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Ixitia'tion. n. s, [init4atiOj Lat. from 
 initiate,] The reception, admission, or 
 entrance of a new comer into any ait or 
 state. 
 
 The ground of initiating or entering men into 
 Christian life, is more summarily comprised in the 
 form of baptism, the ceremony of this initiation 
 instituted by Christ. Hammond. 
 
 Silence is the first thing that is tauglit us at our 
 initiatioji into sacred mysteries. Broome. 
 
 Injucu'ndity. ?u s, [in and jtiaindit^.] 
 
 Unpleasantness. 
 Inju'dicable. adj. [in and judico, Lat.] 
 
 Isot cognizable by a judge. 
 Injudi'cial adj. [;» aud judicial.] Not 
 
 according to form of law. Diet. 
 
 InjudTcious. adj. [in and judicious.] 
 
 Void of judgment; without judgment. 
 
 Used both of persons and things. 
 
 A pliilnsopher wiuld either think me in jest, 
 or very injudicious, if I took the earth for a body 
 regular in itself, if compared with the rest of tlie 
 universe. Burnet, 
 
 A sharp wit may find something in the wisest 
 man, whereby to expose him to tne contempt of 
 injudicious people. Tiliotson. 
 
 Injudi'ciously. adv, [from i?ijudicious.] 
 With all judgment ; not wisely. 
 
 Scaliger injudiciously condemns tliis description. 
 
 Bmome. 
 
 Inju'nction. «. s, [from injoin ; in- 
 junctuSf injunctio, Lat.] 
 
 1, Command; order; precept, 
 
 'J'he institution of Gud's law is described as be- 
 ing established by solemn injunction. Hooker. 
 
 My duty cannot suticr 
 T' obey in all your daughter's hard commands ; 
 Thoupn the injunction be to bar my doors. 
 And let this tyrannous night take hold upon you. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 For, stili they knew ; and ought t' have still 
 remeraher'd 
 The high injunction, not to taste that fruit, 
 \VhGever tempted. Milton. 
 
 The ceremonies of the cliurcli are necessarv as 
 the injunctions of lawful authority, the practice of 
 the primitive church, and the general rules of 
 decency. ^ South. 
 
 2. [In law.] Injunction is an hiterlocu- 
 tory decree out of the chancery, some- 
 
 VoL. L 
 
 r N J 
 
 times to give possession unto the plain- 
 tiff for M'ant of appearance in the de- 
 fendants, sometimes to the king's or- 
 dinary court, and sometimes to the 
 courl-christian, to stay proceeding. 
 
 Cowel. 
 To Lnjcre. r. a. [/VyMrier, Fr. injuria, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To liurt unjustly; to mischief undeser- 
 vedly ; to wrong. 
 
 They injure by chance in a crowd, and without 
 a design ; then hate always whom they have once 
 injured. Temple. 
 
 Forgiveness to t)ie injur d doth belong; 
 But they ne'er pardon who commit the wrong. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 2. To annoy ; to affect with any inconve- 
 nience. 
 
 Lest heat should injure us, his tiraely care 
 Hath unbesought provided. Miltem 
 
 I'njurer. n. s. [from injure.] He that 
 hurts another unjustly ; one who wrongs 
 another. 
 
 Ill deeds are well turn'd back upon their au- 
 thors ; 
 And 'gainst an injurer, the revenge is just. 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
 The upriglit judge will countenance right, and 
 
 discountenance wrong, whoever be the injurer or 
 
 the sufferer. Attei'hury. 
 
 Inju'rious. adj. [from injury; injurius, 
 
 Lat. ifijm'iiux, Fr.] 
 
 1. Unjust; invasive of another's rights. 
 
 Till the injurious Roman <lid extort 
 This tribute from us, we were free, Sftakesp. 
 
 hijurious strength would rapine still excuse. 
 By offering terms the weaker must refuse. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 2. Guilty of wrong or injury. 
 
 Yet beauty, though iryurious, hath strange power, 
 After offence returning, to regain 
 Love once jjossest. Milt07i's Agonistes. 
 
 3. Mischievous ; unjustly hurtful. 
 
 Our repentance is not real, because we have 
 not done wliat we can to undo our fault, or at 
 least to hinder the ("((/'""i^'u^ consequences of it from 
 proceeding. Tiliotson, 
 
 4. Detractory ; contumelious; reproach- 
 ful ; wrongful. 
 
 A prison, indeed injurious, because a prison, but 
 else well testifying afi^ction, because in all respecti 
 as commodious as a prison can be. Sidne>!. 
 
 It is natural for a man, by directing his prayers 
 to an image, to suppose the being he prays to is 
 represented bv that image : which how- injurious, 
 how contumelious must it be to the glorious nature 
 of God ! South. 
 
 If ??i;iiWow5 appellations were of an3- advantage 
 to a cause, wliat appellations would those deserve 
 w ho endeavour to sow the seeds of sedition r 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Inju'riously, adv. [from injurious.] 
 
 Wrongfully; hurlfidly Avith injustice, 
 with contumely. 
 
 Nor ought he to neclect the vindication of his 
 character, when it is i/y'uWoHi/i/ attacked. 
 
 Pope and Gay. 
 
 Inju'riousnkss. n. s. [from injurious.] 
 Quality of being injurious. 
 
 Some miscarriages might escape, rather throush 
 sudden necessities of state, than any propensilv 
 either to injuriousness or oppression. King Charles. 
 
 I'NJURY. n. s. [injuria^ Lat. injure, Fr.] 
 
 1. Hurt without justice. 
 
 The [ilacfs were acquired by just title of vic- 
 tory : and therefore in keeping of thera no injurv 
 was offered. Hayuard. 
 
 Riot ascends above their loftiest tow'rs, 
 And iiifuru and outrage. Mitton. 
 
 2. Mischief; detriment. 
 
 I N K 
 
 Many times wc do iniury to a cause by dwelling 
 upon trifling arguments. U utu*s Logiek. 
 
 '■i. Annoyance. 
 
 Great injuries mice and rats do in the fields. 
 
 Mvrtimer. 
 4. Contumelious languaf^e ; reproacliful 
 appellation. A I'rench mode of speech, 
 not now in use. 
 
 Casting olT the respects fie In be cunlinned be- 
 tueen great kin^s, he fell to bitter itivtctires 
 against the French king ; and sp»ko all the mjurin 
 he cuuld devise of Clmrlrs. h*iC\m. 
 
 Inju'stice. n. s. [injiistiir, Fr. injustitia, 
 Lat.] Iniquity ; wrong. 
 
 CunJiing men can be guilty <-t a thousand in- 
 justices without being discovered, or at lta.t with- 
 out being punished. .Stci/r. 
 
 INK. n. s. [encre, Fr. inchioslro, Ital.] 
 I . The black liquor with which men write. 
 
 ^loiirn boldly, my ink ; for while she looks upon 
 you, your blaciinev^ will shiue. buiney, 
 
 O ! she's fallen 
 Into a pit of ink, that the wide sea 
 Hath drops too few to wash tier clean again. Shah, 
 
 Like roadmen they hurl'd stones and ink. 
 
 hen Jtmvm. 
 
 Intending to have trv'd 
 The silver favour whicfi yon cave. 
 
 In ink the shining point I ay't\. 
 And drench'd it in the sable wave. Waller. 
 
 Vitriol is the active or chief ingredient in ink, 
 and no other salt will strike the colour witli galls. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 I have found pens blacked almost all over w hen 
 f had a while carried them about me in a silver 
 ink case. Boyie. 
 
 ■J lie secretary poured tho ink box all over the 
 writings, and so defaced them. 
 
 Htmel's Yxal Forest. 
 
 He that would live clear of envy must lav bis 
 finger upon his mouth, and keep his hand oiit uf 
 the ink pot. L'Kstrangr. 
 
 I could hardly restrain them from throwing the 
 
 ink bottle at one another's heads. Arbuthnot, 
 
 •2. Ink is used for any liquor willi which 
 
 they -write: as, red ink ; green ink. 
 To Ink. v. a. [from the noun.] To black 
 or daub with ink as, his face is all over 
 inked. 
 Inkho'rn. 71. s. [ink and Aoj-n.] A port- 
 able case tor the instrtimcnts of w riling, 
 commonly made of horn. 
 
 Bid him bring his pen and nikhom to the jail ; 
 we are now to examine those men. Shake^. 
 
 Ere that we will suffer such a pritice 
 To be disgrac'd by an in/c/om mate, 
 U'e, and our wives and children, all will fight. 
 
 ihakesp, 
 
 A^'hat is more frequent tliaii to say, a silver 
 inkhom ? ^ Greu;. 
 
 Inkle, n, s. A kind of narrow fillet ; a 
 tape. 
 
 /nc/es,caddi5ses,carobricks, lawns: why be songs 
 them over as they were gods and goddesses. Shak. 
 
 I twitch'd his dangling garter from bis knee : 
 He wist not when the hetupen siring I drew, 
 Xow mine I ijuickly doll of in/c:'t blue. trra^'s PasU 
 
 I'nkling. n. s. [Tliis word is derived by 
 Skinner from inklincken to sound within. 
 This sense is still retained in Scotland : 
 as, / heard not an inkling.] Hint ; 
 whisper ; intimation. 
 
 Our business is not unknown to the set. ale : 
 tbev have had inkling what we intend to do, w hicb 
 now we'll shew theni in deeds. Shakesp. Coriftlanus, 
 
 We in Europe, notwithstanding all the remote 
 discoveries and navigations of this last age, iiever 
 heard of any of the least inkling or glimpse of this 
 island. Bacon's -VfU' .'l:/aiilis. 
 
 They had some irJslin' of secret messages 
 between tbe marquis of Newcastle and young 
 Hotham. Claretidon, 
 
 6 K 9B5
 
 I N L 
 
 Aboard a Corinthian vessel he got an inkling 
 among the ship's crew of a conspiracy. V Estrange. 
 
 I'nkmaker. n.s. [ink and maker. '\ He 
 
 who makes ink. 
 I'nky. adj. [from in A'.] 
 
 1. Consisting of ink. 
 
 Engl.iii'l bound in willi (he triumphant sea, 
 Whose rocky shore beats hack tlie envious siege 
 Of wat'ry Neptune, is bound in wiili sbanie, 
 VVitli inky Wots and rotten parchment bonds. 
 
 ^hakesp. 
 
 2. Resembling ink. 
 
 Tlie liquor presently began to grow pretty clear 
 and transparent, losin'g its inky bfackness. Boyle. 
 
 3. Black as ink. 
 
 "I'is not alone my inky cloak, good mother, 
 Nor customary suits of soiennl black, 
 'J'liat can denote me truly. Shukesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Inland, adj. [(Viand land.] Interior; 
 lying remote from the sea. 
 
 In lliis wide inland sea, tliat bight by name. 
 The idle lake, my wand'ring sliipT row. Spenser. 
 
 Goodly laws, like little inland seas, will carry 
 even ships upon their wnters. Spenser. 
 
 An old religious uncle of mine was, in his 
 youth, an inland man. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 A substitute shines brightly as a king. 
 Until a king be by ; and then liis state 
 Empties itself, as doth an inland brook 
 Into the main of waters. Sluikesp. Mereh. of Venice. 
 
 This person did publish a pamphlet printed in 
 England for a general excise, or inland duty. Swift. 
 I'nland. «. s. Interior or midland 
 parts. 
 
 Out of these small beginnings, gotten near to 
 the mountains, did they spread themselves into 
 the inland. Spenser. 
 
 They of those marches sliall defend 
 Our inland from the pilfering borders. Shakesp. 
 
 Tlie rest were ail 
 Far to th' inland retir'd about the walls 
 Of Pandj^monium. Milton. 
 
 I'nlander. «.s. [from inland.] Dweller 
 remote from the sea. 
 
 The same name is given unto the inlanders, or 
 midland inhabiters of this island. Brown. 
 
 To Inla'pidate. t'. a. [in and lapido, 
 Lat.] To make stone}' ; to turn to 
 etone. 
 
 Some natural spring waters will inlapidate wood ; 
 so that you shall see one piece of wood, whereof 
 the part above the water shall continue wood, and 
 the part under tlie water shall be turned into a 
 kind of gravelly stone. Bacon. 
 
 To Inla'y. I', a. [in and lai/.] 
 
 1. To diversify with different bodies insert- 
 ed into the ground or .substratum. 
 
 They are worthy 
 To inlay heav'n with stars. Shakesp. Cymieane. 
 
 Look, how the iloor of heav'n 
 Is thick inlaid with patens of bright gold. Shakesp. 
 
 .\ saphire throne, inlaid with pure 
 Amber, and colours of the show'ry arch. Milton. 
 
 The timber bears a great price witli the cabinet- 
 nr.kers, when large, for inlatjing. Mortimer. 
 
 Plere clouded canes 'midst heap s of toys are 
 found. 
 And inlaid tweezer-cases strow the ground. Cay. 
 
 2. To make variety by being inserted into 
 bodies ; to variegate. 
 
 Sea girt isles. 
 That like to rich and various ^emsinlay 
 The unadorned bosom of the deep. Milton. 
 
 Inla'y. n. s. [from the verb.] Matter 
 inlaid ; wood formed to inlay. 
 
 Under fof>t the violet. 
 Crocus, and hyacinth, with nchinlay, 
 Broider'd the ground. Milton. 
 
 To Inla'w. v. a. [in and law.] To clear 
 of outlawTy or attainder. 
 
 It should be ^, great incongruity to have them to 
 make laws, who tlieraselves were not inlawed. 
 
 Bacon, 
 
 INK 
 
 I'ni-ET. n.s. [in and /c/.] Passage; place 
 of ingress ; entrance. 
 
 Doors and windows, inlets of men and of light, 
 I couple together ; I find their dimensions brought 
 under one. IVotton. 
 
 She through the porch and inlet of each sense 
 Dropt in ambrosial oils till she reviv'd. Milton. 
 
 I desire any one to assign any simple idea, which 
 is not received from one of these inlets. Locke. 
 
 A fine bargain indeed, to part with all our 
 commodious ports, which the greater the inlets 
 are so much the better, for the imaginary pleasure 
 of a straight shore. Bentley. 
 
 hilets among the broken lands and islands. Ellis. 
 
 In'ly. flfrf/. [from ?n.] Interior; internal; 
 secret. 
 
 Did'st thou but know the inly touch of love, 
 Thou would'st as soon go kindle fire with snow. 
 As seek to quench the fire of love with words. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I'nly. adv. Internally; within; secretly; 
 in the heart. 
 
 Her heart with joy unwonted inly swell'd, 
 As feeling wond'rous comfort in her weaker eld. 
 
 Speiiscr. 
 I've inli^ wept, 
 Or should have spoke ere this. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 Whereat he inly rag'd, and as they talk'd. 
 Smote him into the midriff with a stone. 
 That beat out life. Milton. 
 
 These growing thoughts, my mother soon per- 
 ceiving 
 By words at times cast forth, inly rejoic'd. Milton. 
 
 'The soldiers shout around witfi gen'rous rage; 
 He prais'd their ardor ; inly pleas'd to see 
 Plis host. Dryden's Knight's Tale. 
 
 I'nmate. n. s. [in and mate.] 
 
 Inmates are those that be admitted to dwell for 
 their money jointly with another man, though in 
 several rooms of "his mansion-house, passing in 
 and out by one door. _ _ Cowel. 
 
 So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd 
 In serpent, inmate bad ! and toward Eve 
 Addressed his way. Milton. 
 
 There he dies, and leaves his race 
 Growing into a nation ; and now grown. 
 Suspected to a sequent kiiig, who seeks 
 To sto[) their overgrowth as inmate guests 
 Too numerous. Miltmis Paradise Lost. 
 
 Home is the sacred refuge of our life, 
 • Secur'd from all approaches hut a wife : 
 If thence we i\y, the cause admits no doubt. 
 None but an inmate foe could force us out. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Inmost, adj. [from in.] Deepest within : 
 remotest from the surface. 
 
 'Tis you must dig with mattock and with spade. 
 And pierce the inmost centre of the earth. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Rising sighs and falling tears, 
 That .show too well the warm desires, 
 The silent, slow, consuming fires, 
 Which on my inmost vitals prey. 
 And melt my very soul away. Addison on Italy. 
 
 Comparing tliequantity of light reflected from 
 the several rings, I found that it was most copious 
 from the first'or inmost, and in the exterior rings 
 became less and less. Newton. 
 
 He sends a dreadful groan : the rocks around 
 Through all their inmost hollow caves resound. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 I go into the inmost court. Gulliiei''s Travels. 
 
 INN. n. s. [mn. Sax. a chamber.] 
 
 1. A house of entertainment for travel- 
 lers. 
 
 How ail this is but a fair inn. 
 Of fairer guests which dwell within. Sidney. 
 
 Palmer, quoth he, death is an equal doom 
 To good and bad, the common inn of rest ; 
 
 iiat, after death, the trial is to come, 
 When best shall be to them that lived best. 
 
 Fairi^ Queen. 
 Now day is spent. 
 Therefore with me ye may take up jour inn. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 I N N 
 
 The West, that glimmers with some streaks of 
 day. 
 Now spurs the lated traveller apace 
 To gain the timely inn. Sliake.'ip. Macbeth. 
 
 Like pilgrims to th' appointed place we tend ; 
 The world's an inn, and death the journey's end. 
 
 Vryden, 
 
 One may learn more here in one day, than in a 
 
 year's ramhling from one inn to another. Locke. 
 
 2. A house where students were boarded 
 and taught : whence we still call the col- 
 leges of common law inns of court. 
 
 Go some and pull down the Savoy ; others to 
 the ijins of courts : down with them all. Shakesp. 
 
 3. It was anciently used for the town 
 houses in which great men resided when 
 they attended the court. 
 
 To Inn. r. n. [from the noun.] To take 
 up temporary lodging. 
 
 In thyself dwell ; 
 Inn any where : continuance maketli hell. Donne. 
 
 To Ititi. V. a. To house ; to put under 
 cover. 
 
 He that ears my land, spares my team, and gives 
 me leave to inn the crop. Shakesp, 
 
 Howsoever the laws made in that parliament 
 did bear good fruit, yet the subsidy bare a fruit 
 that proved harsh and bitter, all was inned at last 
 into the king's barn. Bacon's Henru VII. 
 
 iMow clover or rye-grass, and make it fit to inn. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 INNATE. 1 adj. [inne, Fr. innatus, 
 INNA'TED. / Lat.] 
 
 1. Inborn ; ingenerate ; natural ; not su- 
 peradded ; not adscititious. Innatcd is 
 not proper. 
 
 The Druinian hath been cried up for an itmattd 
 integrity, and accounted the uprigbtest dealer on 
 eartli. HoiceL 
 
 With eloquence ijinate his tongue was arm'd ; 
 Though harsh the precept, yet the people charm'd. 
 
 Vryden, 
 
 2. Innate is used in the following passage 
 for inherent. Innate in persons, in/itrtnt 
 in things. 
 
 IMutual gravitation, or spontaneous attraction, 
 cannot possibly be innate and essential to matter. 
 
 Bentley, 
 
 Inna'teness. n. s. [from innate.] The 
 
 quality of being innate. 
 Inna'vigable. adj. [innavigabilis, Lat.] 
 Not to be passed by sailing. 
 
 If vou so hard a toll will undertake, 
 As twice to pass th' innavigable lake. Dryden, 
 I'nner. adj, [from in.] Interiour ; not 
 outward. 
 
 But th' elfin knight with wonder all the way 
 Did feed his eyes, and fill'd his inner thought. 
 
 Spenser, 
 This attracts the soul. 
 Governs the inner man, the nobler part ; 
 That other o'er the body only reigns. Milton, 
 
 Many families are established in the West In- 
 dies, and some discovered in the inner parts of 
 America. Addison's Spectator. 
 
 The kidney is a conglomerated gland, which is 
 to be understood only of the outer part ; for the 
 innfr part, whereof tiie papilliE arc composed, is 
 muscular. ^^'' 
 
 Thus,seiz'd with sacred fear, the monarch pray d ; 
 Then to his inner court the guests convey'd. Pope, 
 
 Innermost, adj, [from in?itr. It seems 
 less proper than inmost,] Remotest 
 from the outward part. 
 
 The reflected beam of light would be so brnad 
 at the distance of six feet fioio the speculum, 
 where the rings appeared, as to obscure one or two 
 of the innermost rings. aewton, 
 
 Innho'ldek. n. s, [inn and hold.] A 
 man who keeps an inn ; an innkeeper. 
 
 sue
 
 INN 
 
 I'NNINGs. w. s. Lands recovered from 
 
 the sea. Ainsworth. 
 
 Innkeeper, n. s. [inn and keeper.] One 
 
 •who keeps lodgings and provisions for 
 
 the entertainment of travellers. 
 
 Clcruvnicn must not keep a tavern, nor a jiirtijc 
 be an iiinheeper. Tavlm's Rule of Lh'mg Holy. 
 
 A factious innkeeper was lianiied, drawn, and 
 quartered. Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 We were not so inquisitive aljuut tlic inn as the 
 inuhscficr ; and provided our landlord's principles 
 ■were soinid, di'l not take any notice of tlie stale- 
 ness of liis provisions. Addison. 
 
 I'nnocence. ( n. s. [innocence, Fr. inno- 
 I'nnocency. f cenlia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Purit}' from injurious action ; untainted 
 intesrity. 
 
 Simplicity and spotless innnceifce. Millon. 
 
 What comfort does overHow the devout snul, 
 from a consciousness of Us own mn')cf7ic(*and inte- 
 grity I TiUotson. 
 
 2. Freedom from guilt imputed. 
 
 It will help me nothing 
 To plead mine innocence ; for that dye is on me 
 Which makes my whit'st part hlack. Sliakesp. 
 
 If truth and upright innocencil fail me, 
 I'll to the king my master. 'Shakesp. Henry JV. 
 
 3. Harmlessness ; innoxiousness. 
 
 The air was calm and serene ; none of those tu- 
 multuary niotiuus and cimllicts of vapours, which 
 the MiDuntains and the winds cause in ours ; 'twas 
 suited to a golden age, and to the first innocency 
 of nature. ~ Burnet's Theory. 
 
 4. Simplicity of heart, perhaps vifith some 
 degree of weakness. 
 
 I urge this childhood proof. 
 Because what follows is pure innocence. Shakesp. 
 
 We laugh at the malice of apes, as well as at the 
 tVniceiice of children. Tempie. 
 
 INNOCENT, adj. [innocent, Fr. innocens, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Pure from mischief. 
 
 Something 
 You may deserve of him Uirough me and w isdom, 
 'lo ofler up a weak, pour, innocent lamb, 
 T' appease an angry god. sliakesp. Macheth. 
 
 Wreck on innocent iictU man his loss- Milton. 
 
 2. Free from any particular guilt. 
 
 Good madam, keep yourself within yourself : 
 The man is innocent. Shakesp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 The peasant, innocent of al! these ills. 
 With crooked plouehs the fertile fallows tills. 
 And the round year with daily labour fills. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3. Unhurtful ; harmless in effects. 
 
 The spear 
 Sung innocent, and spent its force in air. Pope. 
 I'NNOCENT. 71. s. 
 
 1. One free from guilt or harm. 
 
 So pure an innocent as that same lamb. F. Queen. 
 
 Thou hast kill'd the sweetest innocent. 
 That e'er did lift up eye. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 If murtb'ring innocents be executing, 
 Why, then thou art an e-xecutioner. 
 
 Shakesp, Henry VI. 
 
 2. A natural ; an ideot. 
 
 Innocents are excluded b^' natural defects. Hou/cer. 
 
 I'nnocently. adv. [from innocent.] 
 
 1. Without guilt. 
 
 The humble and contented man pleases himself 
 innocently and easily, while the ambitious man at- 
 tempts to please otl>ers sinfully and difiicultly. 
 
 Souih. 
 
 2. With simplicity ; with silliness or im- 
 prudence. 
 
 3. Without hurt. 
 
 Balis at his feet lay iHnoce«(/j/ dead. ■ Coutey. 
 
 INNOCUOUS, adj. [innocuus, Lat.] 
 Harmless in effects. 
 
 The most dangerous poisons, skilfully managed, 
 may be made not only imwcuous, but of al) other 
 medicines the must effectual. Crew. 
 
 I N N 
 
 [nno'cuously. adv. [from innocuous,] 
 Witliout mischievous effects. 
 
 Whether quails, from any ])cculiarity of consli- 
 tulioii.do iniiOcuoitsly feed upon hcliehore, or rather 
 soiuetinies but mecircally use the sanii*. liroicji. 
 
 Inno'cuousness. 71. s, [from in?tocuous.] 
 Harmlessness, 
 
 The blow which shakes a wail, or beats it down, 
 and kills men, liath a ;:reater eliect on the mind 
 than that which pt-nelrates into a mud wall, and 
 dotli iiitle harm ; for that iymocuousness aHhc effect 
 makes, that, alihough in itself it be as great as the 
 other, yet 'tis little observed, Di<^hu on Bodies. 
 
 To I'NNOVA'J'E. V. a. [iunovei', Fr. 
 
 innovQy Lat.] 
 I , To bring in something not known before. 
 
 I\Jeri pursue some few principles which they 
 have chanced upon, and care not \.ij innovate, whicli 
 draws unknown inctinveiiiences. Bacon. 
 
 Former thin-is 
 Arc set aside like abiticated kings ; 
 And every moment alters what is done, 
 And innovates soiuG. act 'till then unknown. Dn/rfcn. 
 
 Every man cannot distinguish betwixt pedantry 
 and poetry ; every man therefore is nut fit to inno- 
 vate. Dryden. 
 
 2. To chanp:e by introducing novelties. 
 
 From his attempts upon tlie civil power, lie pro- 
 ceeds to innovate God's worship. South. 
 
 Innova'tion. w. s. [innovation^ Fr. from 
 innovfile,] Change by the introduction 
 of novelty. 
 
 'J'hc love of thint's ancient detli argue stayed- 
 ncss; but levity and want of experience maketli 
 aj toiUo imiovatiims. Hooker. 
 
 It were eood that menin iniforaiions would follow 
 llieexampieof time itself, which indeed innovateih 
 greatly, but quietly and by degrees. Ukcuh '5 Assays. 
 
 Great changes may be made in a government, 
 yet llie form continue ; but large intervals of time 
 must pass between every such innoiution, enoui:h 
 to make it of a piece with the constitution. Swift. 
 
 Innova'tor. 71. s. \innovateur, Fr, from 
 innovatt.^ 
 
 1. An introducer of novelties, 
 
 I attach thee as a traiterous innomtor, 
 A foe to tir publick weal. Shakesp. CirrlAanus. 
 
 He that will not apply new remedies, must ex- 
 pect new evils ; for time is the greatest innovatoT: 
 and if time of course alter things to tlie worse, and 
 wisdom and council shall not alter them to the bet- 
 ter, what shall be the end ? Bacons Essays. 
 
 2. One that makes changes by introducing 
 
 novelties. 
 
 He counsels them to detest and persecute all in- 
 novators o( d'tvine worship. South. 
 
 INNO'XIOUS. adj. [irinoxius, Lat.] 
 
 1. Free from mischievous effects. 
 Innoxious flames are often seen on the liair of 
 
 men's heads and liorses' manes. ^^K^^y- 
 
 \\'eniay safely use purgatives, ibey being beniL'n, 
 
 and o{ innoxious qualities. Brniin's lutg, En\ 
 
 Sent b^' tlie better genius cjf the night, 
 
 Innoxious gleaiuing on tiie horse's mane, 
 
 The meteor sits. Thomson's Autumn, 
 
 2. Pure from crimes. 
 
 Stranger to civil and religious rage, 
 The good man walk'd innoxious tbrough hisage. Pepe. 
 
 Inno'xiously. adv. [from innoxious.] 
 
 1. Harmlessly; without harm done. 
 
 2. Without iiarm sufl'ered. 
 
 Animals, that can inno.^iouslu digest these poi- 
 sons, become antidotal to the poison digested. 
 
 BrotCJi's Vuif^ar F.iTours. 
 
 Inno'xiousness. n. s. [from i7inoxious.] 
 
 Harmlessness. 
 Innuendo, ti. s. [innuendo, from in7iuo^ 
 
 Lat.] An oblique hint. 
 
 As if the commandments, tliatrequire obedience 
 and forbid murder, were to be indicted for a libel- 
 lous innuendo upon all the great men that corae to 
 be concerned. L'Estrange^ 
 
 I N O 
 
 Mercury, though employed on a quite contrary 
 errand, owns it a marriage uy an innuendo. On^den. 
 
 Pursue your trade of scandal-f icking. 
 Your hints that Stella is no chicken ', 
 Your innuendoes, when you tell us. 
 That Stella loves to talk with fellows. Stcift. 
 
 Innu'merable. adj. [innumerable, Fr. 
 innumtrabili.i, Lat.] Not to be counted 
 for multitude. 
 
 You have sent innnmerahlc suhslance 
 To furnish Hi^nie, and lo prepare the w.iys 
 You have for dignities. Shakesp. Henry Vlli. 
 
 Cover me, ye pines, 
 Ye cedars ! with innumerable houghs 
 Hide me where 1 may never sec iheni more. 3I(7t. 
 In lines, which appear of an equal length, one 
 may be longer than the other by innumtrabte parts. 
 
 Innu'merably. adv. [from innumerable.] 
 Without number. 
 
 Innu'-MEROus. adj. [inniimerus, Lat.] 
 Too many to be counted. 
 
 'Twould be some solace yet, some little chearing. 
 In this close dungeon of i;i7iumercus boughs. 3it/(4m. 
 
 I take the wood. 
 And in thick shelter of innumWous boughs, 
 Enjoy the comfort gentle sleep allows. Piipe^s Odv. 
 
 To Ino'culate. v. n. [inoculo, in and 
 ocuhis, Lat.] To propagate any plant by 
 inserting its bud into another stock ; to 
 practise inoculation. See Inoculation. 
 
 Nor are the ways alike in all 
 How to iuKraff, how to inoculate. May's Virgil. 
 
 Now is tlie season for the buddingof theoranjie- 
 tree; inoculate therefore at the commencement of 
 this month. Evelyn. 
 
 But various are the ways lo change the stale. 
 To plant, to bud, to graft to inoculate. Dryden. 
 
 To Inoculate, v. a. To yield a bud to 
 another stock. 
 
 Virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock, but we 
 shall relish of it. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 Thy stock is too mucli out of date. 
 For tender plants t' inoculate. Cteaveland. 
 
 Where lilies, in a lovely brown, 
 Inoculate carnation. Cleaveland. 
 
 Inocula'tion. n.s. [inoculaiio, Lat. from 
 inoculate.] 
 
 1. Inoculation is practised upon all sorts 
 of stone fruit, and upon oranges and jas- 
 mines. Chuse a smooth part of the stock ; 
 then with your knife make an horizontal 
 cut cross the rind of the stock, and from 
 the middle of that cut make a slit down- 
 wards about two inches in length in the 
 form of a T ; but be careful not to cut too 
 deep, lest you wound the stock : then hav- 
 ing cut off the leaf from the bud, leaving 
 the footstalk remaining, make a cross cut 
 about half an inch below the eye, and with 
 your knife sht off the bud, witli part of the 
 wood to it. This done, with your knife- 
 pull off that part of the wood which w,i$ 
 taken with the bud.observing whether the 
 eye of the bud be left to it or not : fnT all 
 these buds which lose tlieir eye? in strip- 
 ping are good for nothing : then raising 
 the bark of the stock, thrust the bud there- 
 in, placing it smooth between the rind 
 and the wood of the stock ; and so hav- 
 ing exactly titttd the bud to the stock, tie 
 them closely round, taking care not to 
 bind round the e3e of the bud. Ulilltr. 
 In the stem of Elaiaiia they all met, and came to 
 be ingrafted all upon OTX stock, most of them by 
 inocuUstion. HowtU 
 
 987
 
 I N () 
 
 2. The practice of transplanting the small- 
 pox, by infusion of the matter from 
 ripened pustules into the veins of the 
 uninfected, in hopes of procuring a mil- 
 der sort than what frequently comes by 
 infection. Quinty. 
 
 It is evident, by inoculation^ tliat tlie smallest 
 quantity of ilie matter, mixed witli tlie blood, pro- 
 ducoth'the disease. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Inocula'tor. n. s. [from inoculate.] 
 
 1, One that practises theinociilation of trees. 
 
 2. One who propagates the small-pox by 
 inoculation. 
 
 Had Jolin a Gaddcsden been now living, he 
 ■woui<i iiave been at tlie licad of the inocidntors. 
 
 Friend's Hist, of Physich. 
 
 Ino'dorate. adj. \in and odoralus, Lat.] 
 Having no scent. 
 
 Whites are more inodorate than flowers of the 
 same kind coloured. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Ino'dorous. adj. [inodurus, Lat.] Want- 
 ing scent ; not affecting the nose. 
 
 The white of an egg is a viscous, iinactiva, insi- 
 pid, inodorous liquor. Arbuthnot on Ahmnts. 
 
 Inoffe'nsive. adj. \i7i and offensive.] 
 
 1. Giving no scandal ; giving no provo- 
 cation. 
 
 A stranger, inoffensive, unprovoking. Fleetwood. 
 
 However inofeusive we may be in other parts of 
 our conduct, if we are found wanting in this trial 
 of our love, we shall be disowned by God as traitors. 
 
 Rogeis. 
 
 2. Giving no uneasiness; causing no terror. 
 
 Should infants have taken ofiTence at any thing, 
 mixing pleasaiit and agreeable appearances with it, 
 must be used, 'till it be grown inojfensive to Ihem. 
 
 Loske. 
 
 3. Harmless ; hurtless ; innocent. 
 
 For drink the grape 
 She crushes, inoffe^tsirc most. Milton. 
 
 With whate'er gall thou set'st thyself to write. 
 Thy inofcnsirc satires never bite. Dryden. 
 
 Hark, liuw the cannon, imi^e/wiue now. 
 Gives signs of gratiilation. Phillips. 
 
 4. Unembarrassed ; without stop or ob- 
 struction. A Latin mode of speech. 
 
 PVom hence a passage broad. 
 Smooth, easy, inoffensive, dcwn to hell. ^lilton. 
 
 Inoffe'nsively. adv. [from inoffensive] 
 Without appearance of harm ; without 
 harm. 
 
 Ikoffe'nsiveness. n. s. [from inoffen- 
 sive.] Harmlessness ; freedom from ap- 
 pearance of harm. 
 
 Inoffi'ciou.?. adj. [in and officious.] 
 Not civil ; not attentive to the accom- 
 modation of others. 
 
 iNo'prNATE- adj. [inopinalus, hat. inc- 
 pine, Fi-.] Not fcx-pei-ted. 
 
 Inopportu'ne. adj. [inopporltmus, Lat.] 
 LTnseasonable ; inconvenient. 
 
 Ino'rdinacy. 7/. s. [from inordinate.] 
 L-reguhirity ; disorder. It is safer to 
 use inordination. 
 
 They become very sinful by the excess, which 
 were not so iii their nature: that iKurdireuC]/ sets 
 them in opposition to God's designation. 
 
 Vovernmcnt if the Tongue. 
 
 Ino'rdinate. adj. [in and ordinutus, 
 
 Lat.] Irregular; disorderly; deviating 
 from right. 
 
 These | enple were wis-^ly brought to allegiance ; 
 but being straight K f t unto their own inordinate V\{^, 
 they forgot wh it bef. re they were taught. Spenser. 
 
 'thence raise 
 At last distemper'd, discontented thoughts ; 
 Viiin hopes, vain anus, inordinate desires, 
 lilown up with high conceits engejul'ring pride. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 I N Q 
 
 From inordinate love and vain fear conies all un 
 quietness of spirit. Taylor s Guide to Devoti/m. 
 
 Ino'rdinately. adv. [from inordinate.] 
 Irregularly ; not rightly. 
 
 As soon as a man desires any thing iiun-dinjitely, 
 he is presently disquieted in himself. Taylor. 
 
 Ino'rdinateness. n. s. [frotn inordi- 
 nate.] Want of regularity ; intemper- 
 ance of any kind. 
 InordiNA'tion. n. s. [from inordinate.] 
 Irregularity ; deviation from right. 
 
 Schoolmen and casuists, having too much phi- 
 losophy to clear a lye from that iutrinsick inm-dina~ 
 tlon and deviation from right reason, inherent in 
 the nature of it, held that a lye was absolutely and 
 universally sinful. South. 
 
 Inorga'nical. adj. [in and organical.] 
 Void of organs or instrumental parts. 
 
 We come to the lowest and the most inorgnnical 
 parts of matter. Locke. 
 
 To Ino'sculate. v. n. [in and osculum, 
 Lat.] To unite by apposition or contact. 
 
 This fifth conjugation of nerves is branched by 
 
 inosculatiiig with nerves. Der/iani's Physico-J'heologij. 
 
 Inoscula'tion. n. s. [from inosculate.] 
 
 Union by conjunction of the extremities. 
 
 The almost infinite ramifications and inoscula- 
 tions of all the several sorts of vessels may easily be 
 detected by glasses. Ray. 
 
 I'nquest. n. «. [enqucsie, Fr. inquisitio, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Judicial inquiry or examination. 
 
 What confusion of face shall we be under, when 
 that grand inquest begins ; when an account of our 
 Ofiportuiiities of doing good, and a particular of 
 our use or misuse of them, is given in ? Atterhury. 
 
 2. [In law.] The inquest of jurors, or by 
 jury, is the most usual trial of all causes, 
 both civil and criminal; for in civil causes 
 after proof is made on either side, so much 
 as each part thinks good for himself, if 
 the doubt be in the fact, it is referred to 
 the discretion of twelve indifferent men, 
 impannelled by the sheriff; and as they 
 bring in their verdict so judgment 
 passes: for the judge saith, the jury finds 
 tlie fact thus ; then is the law thus, and 
 so we judge. Cowel. 
 
 3. Enqtiiry ; search ; study. 
 
 This is the laborious and vexatious inquest that 
 the stnil must make after science. South. 
 
 Inqui'etude. n.s. [inquictude,Vv. inquie- 
 tude, inquietus, Lat.] Disturbed state ; 
 want of quiet; attack on the quiet. 
 
 Having had such experience of his fidelity and 
 observance abroad, he found himself engaged in 
 hiuiour to suj>i)urt him at home from any further 
 inqnieU^c _ I' otton. 
 
 Iron, that has stood long in a window, being 
 thence taken, and by a cork balanced in water, 
 where it may have a free mobility, will bewray a 
 kind of inquietude and discontentment 'till it attain 
 the former position. ^ II otton. 
 
 The youthful hero, with reluming light. 
 Rose anxious from th' inquietudes of night. Pope. 
 
 To I'NQUINATE. v. a. [inquino, Lat.] 
 To pollute ; to corrupt. 
 
 An old opinion it was, that the ibis feeding upon 
 serpents, that venomous food so inq}tinated their 
 oval conceptions, that they sometimes came forth 
 in serpentine shapes. Brown. 
 
 Inquina'tion. n. s. [inquinatio, Lat. 
 from inquinate.] Corruption ; pollution. 
 
 Their causes and axioms are so full of imagina- 
 tion, and so infected with the old reci ived theories, 
 as they are mere inquinatiom of experience, and 
 concoct it not. Bacon. 
 
 The middle action, which produceth such im- 
 perfect bodies, is fitly called by some of the 
 
 I N Q 
 
 ancients iiujuination, or inconcoction, which is a 
 kind of putrefaction. Bacon. 
 
 Inqui'rable. adj. [from inquire.] That 
 of which inquisition or inquest may be 
 made. 
 
 To INQUI'RE. V. n. [enquirer, Fr. j?j. 
 quiro, Lat.] 
 
 1. To ask questions ; to make search ; to 
 exert curiosity on any occasion : with of 
 before the person asked. 
 
 You have oft inquired 
 After the shepherd that coraplain'd of love. Shak, 
 We will call the damsel, and inquire&l her mouth. 
 
 Genetis. 
 Herod inquired of ihem diligently. Matthew. 
 They began to inquire among themselves, which 
 of them it was that should do this thing ? 
 
 Luke, xxii. 23. 
 
 He sent Hadoram to kind Da'vid, to inquire of'his 
 
 welfare. 1 Chron. xviii. 10. 
 
 It is a subject of a very noble inquiry, to inquire 
 
 of the more subtile preceptions ; for it is another 
 
 fcey to open nature, as well as the house. Bacon. 
 
 2. it is used with into when something is 
 already imperfectly known. 
 
 It may deserve our best skill to^nquire into tho9e 
 rules, by which we may guide our judgment. Sout/i. 
 
 The step-dame poison for the son prepares ;, 
 The son inquires into his father's years. Dryden. 
 
 3. Sometimes with of. 
 
 Under their grateful shade .^.neas sat; 
 His left young Pallas kept, fix'd to his side. 
 And oft of winds inquira, and of' the tide. 
 
 Dryden s ^neid 
 
 4. With fl//f7' when something is lost or mis- 
 sing ; in which case for is likewise used. 
 
 Inquire for owe Saul of Tarsus. Acts, ix. 31, 
 
 They are more in danger to go out of the way, 
 
 who arc marching under a guide that will mislead 
 
 them, than he ihut is likelier to be prevailed on to 
 
 inquire after the right way. Locke. 
 
 5. With about, when fuller intelligence is 
 desired. 
 
 To those who inquired about me, ray lover would 
 answer, that I was an old dependent upon his fa- 
 mily. Swift. 
 S. To make examination. 
 
 Awful Rhadamantluis rules the state : 
 He hears and judges each committed crime, 
 Inqidre's into the manner, place, and time. Dryden, 
 
 To Inquire, r. a. 
 
 1 . To ask about ; to seek out : as, he itt- 
 quired the way. 
 
 2. To call ; to name. Obsolete. 
 
 Canute had his portion from the rest, 
 Tlie which he call'd Canutiuju, for his hire. 
 Now Cantium, which Kent we commonly inquire. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 3. It is now more commonly written en- 
 quire. 
 
 Inquirer, n. s. [from inquire.] 
 
 1. Searcher; examiner; one curious and 
 inquisitive. 
 
 What satisfaction may be obtained from those 
 violent disputers, and eager inquirers into what day 
 of the month the world began? Brown's Vulg. Err. 
 
 What's good doth open to th' inquirers stand, 
 ,4nd itself offers to th' accepting hand. Denham 
 
 Superficial inquirers may satisfy themselves that 
 the parts of matter are united by ligaments. 
 
 Gtanville's Scepsii. 
 
 This is a question only of inquirers, not disputers, 
 who neither affirm nor deny, but examine. Locke. 
 
 Late inquirers by their glasses find. 
 That every insect "of each different kind. 
 In its own eg", chcar'd by the solar rays, 
 Organs involv d and latent life displays. Elachn. 
 
 2. One who interrogates ; one who ques- 
 tions. 
 
 Inquiry, n. s. [from inqtiire.] 
 
 1. Interrogation; search by question. 
 
 008
 
 I N Q 
 
 The men which were sent from Cornelius bad 
 made itiquiry for Simon's house, and stood befort- 
 the gate. Acts. 
 
 2. Examination ; search. 
 
 'Ihis exactness is absolutely necessary in inqui- 
 riei after philost)[jhical knowledge, and in contro- 
 versies about truth. Locke. 
 
 As to llie inquiry about liberty, I tliink the 
 question is not proper, whether tlie will be free, 
 but whether a man ne free ? Locke. 
 
 1 have beeii engaged in ph^rsica! inquiries. Locke. 
 
 It is a real inquiru, concerning tlie nature of a 
 bird, or a bat, to make their jet imperfect ideas of 
 it more compleie. Locke. 
 
 Judgment or opinion, in a remoter sense, iway 
 be called invention : as when a judge or a physi- 
 cian makes an exact inquiry into any cause. Grew. 
 
 InqOisi'tion. 71. s, [inguisitioTif Fr. in- 
 guisifiOy Lat.] 
 
 1 . Judicial inquiry. 
 
 Wi.en he maketh ijwuisiti<m fur blood, he re- 
 menibereth them: he torgetteth not the cry of 
 the humble. Psatm'ix. 12. 
 
 When inquisition was made of the matter, it 
 was found out. Esth. ii. 23. 
 
 With much severity, and strict inquisition, were 
 punished the adhcrejits and aiders <»f the late 
 rebels. Bacms Henry \ll. 
 
 Though it may be impossible to recollect every 
 failing, yet you are so far to exercise an inquisi- 
 tion upon yourself, as, by observing lesser particu- 
 lars, you 'may the better discover wliat the cor- 
 ruption of _Vour nature sways ^ou to. Taylor. 
 
 Bv your good leave. 
 These men will be your judges : we must stand 
 The inquisition of their raillery 
 On our condition. Soutberne. 
 
 2. Examination ; discussion. 
 
 We wtre wiiliiiti to make a pattern or precedent 
 of an exact inquisition. Bacons Natural History. 
 
 3. [Inlaw.] A manner of proceeding in 
 matters crimiiialj by the office of the 
 judge. Co well. 
 
 4. The court established in some countries 
 subject to the pope for the detection of 
 heresy. 
 
 One kiss of lier's, and but eighteen words, 
 Pitt quitL' down (he Spanish iH^uisifton. Corbet. 
 
 INQUl'SmVE. adj. [inquisiUis, Lat.] 
 Curious ; busy in search ; active to pry 
 in any thinii: : with about, after, into, or 
 oj] and sometimes to, 
 
 i\Iy boy at eighteen years became inquisitive 
 After his brtitlier. Shakesf). Comedy oJ Errours. 
 
 Tins idleness, together wilb fear of imminent 
 mischiefs, have been the cause that the Irish were 
 ever the most inquisitive people after news of any 
 nation in the world. Davies. 
 
 He is not in^nisllive into the reasonableness of in- 
 dilVerent and nniocent connnands, Taylor. 
 
 It can be no duly to write his heart upon his 
 forel»ead, ami to give all the inquiMtive and malici- 
 ous world a survey of those thoughts, which is the 
 prerogative of God only to know. South. 
 
 His old shaking sire, 
 Inquisitive of fights, still longs in vain 
 To iind him in the niiiiiber of the slain. Dryden. 
 
 Then what the Galliek anus will do, 
 Art aiixi Hisly ijiqu sitiix to know. Dnjden, 
 
 A Dutch ambassador, enteitaining the kitig of 
 Siam with tlic parlicularilies of Holland, which 
 lie was inquisitive after, told him that the water 
 would, in cold weather, be so hard that men walked 
 upon it. Locke. 
 
 The whole neigiibourhood grew inquisitive after 
 my name and character. Addisms Sjicctator. 
 
 A wise man is not m^Hwifire n6out things imper- 
 tinent. Broome. 
 
 They cannot bear with the impertinent rjues- 
 tions of a young inquisitive and spriirhtly genius. 
 \\'att$on the Mind. 
 
 I N Q u I 's I T I V EL Y . adv . [fi'om 171 q u id- 
 
 <iwe,] With curiosity ; with naiTow 
 scrutiny. 
 
 Inqui'sitiveness. n. s. [from inquisi- 
 
 I N s 
 
 tivcJ] Curiosity ; diligence to prj' into 
 things hidden. 
 
 Though he thought inqnisitiveness an uncomely 
 guest, he could not but ask wh(» she was. Sidney 
 
 Heigiits tliat scorn our prospect, and depths hi 
 which reason will never touch the bottom, yc\ 
 surely the pleasure arising from thence is great and 
 noble ; fr»r as niuch as lliey atford per])etual mat- 
 ter to the inquisitiveness of human reason, and so 
 are large enough for it to take its full scopes and 
 rangt; in. Smth's Sermons. 
 
 Providence, delivering great conclusions to us, 
 designe<i to excite our curiosity and inquisititencas 
 after the methods by which things were brought 
 to pass. Burnet 
 
 Cuii<.sity in cl/ddrcn nature has provided, to re- 
 move that ignorance they were born with ; which, 
 witliDut this busy inqnisitiveness, will make thttu 
 dull. Locke. 
 
 Inqui'sitor. n. s. [viquisitoi', Lat. in- 
 quisitiiir, Fr.] 
 
 1. One who examines judicially. 
 
 In these particulars I have played myself the 
 inquisitor, and find nothing contrary to relii;i(jn or 
 manners, but rather medicinable. Bacon's Assays. 
 
 Minos, the strict inquisitor, appears. 
 And lives and crimes with his assessors hears. 
 
 Dryden 
 
 2. An officer in the popish courts of in 
 quisition. 
 
 To Inra'il. i\ a. [in and rail.] To inclose 
 with rails. 
 
 In things indifferent, what the whole churcl. 
 doth think convenirnt for the whole, the same if 
 any part du wilfully vinlate, it may be reformed 
 and inrtided again, by that general authority wlit-re- 
 uiUo each particular is subject Hookir. 
 
 Wliere faui'd St. Giles's ancient limits spread. 
 An inruifd column rears its lofty head ; 
 Here to sev'n streets sev'n dials count the day, 
 And from eacli other catch the eirciiiii; ray. Gay. 
 
 Inroad, w. s, [in and road.] Incur- 
 sion ; sudden and desultory invasion. 
 
 Many hot irtroads 
 They make in Italy. Shakcsp. Ant. and Cleop. 
 
 From Scotland we have hatl in former times 
 some alarms and inroads into tlie northetu parts of 
 this kingdom. Bacon. 
 
 hy proof we feel 
 Our pow'r sufficient to disturb liis heav'n. 
 And with per|jetual inroads to alarm. 
 Though inaccessible his fatal throne. Milton. 
 
 The loss of Slirewshury exposed all North Wales 
 to the daily inroads of tlie enemy. Cturcndon. 
 
 The country open lay without defence ; 
 For poets frequent ?;inifr(/5tliere had in3.i\c. Dryden. 
 
 Insa'nable. adj. [i/isanahilis, Lat.] In- 
 
 * curable ; irremediable. 
 
 Insane, adj. [insanusj Lat.] 
 
 L Mad. 
 
 2. Making mad. 
 
 Were such things here as we do speak about? 
 
 Or have we eaten of the insane root, 
 
 That takes tlie reason prisoner? Sliukesp. Macbeth. 
 
 INSA'TIABLK. a(/j. [in.sa(i<ibi/is. Lat. 
 insatiable, Fr.] (ireedy IhtoiuI mea- 
 sure; greedy so as not to be satisfied. 
 Insa'tiabi.eness. U.S. [from insatiable] 
 Greediness not to be appeased. 
 
 Some nifii's li\ dropick insutidhUHCSi Iiad learned 
 to tiiirst the mure, hy how mucli more lliey drunk. 
 
 King Charles. 
 
 Ins a'ti ABLY. adv. [from insaliablc] 
 With greediness, not to be appeased. 
 
 'riiev were extremely arriliilimis, and insatiahlij 
 covetous ; and tlierefure no inipressiuii, from ar- 
 gument or miracles, could reach thenr. ^mth, 
 
 Insa'tiate. tff//. [insatiatiis, Lit.] Greedy 
 so as not to be satisfied. 
 
 My mtjther went with child 
 Of that insuthte Edward. Sliakesp. Bich. HI. 
 
 Iiiiatiate to pursue 
 Vain war with lieav'n. Millm. 
 
 I X s 
 
 Too oft has pride. 
 And liellish discord, and injatiute thirst 
 Of others rights, our ([uiet di5C<<nipos'd. Phithj.i 
 
 Insatisfa'ction. n. s. [in and salisjac 
 tion.] Want ; unsatisfied state. A 
 word not in use. 
 
 It is a profound contemplation in nature, to con- 
 siiler of the em|>tiness or insatisj'action of several 
 bodies, and of tneir appetite to take in others. 
 
 Bactm's Xaturut llisUny. 
 
 In.SA'turablf,. adj. [insaturabilis, Lat.] 
 Not to be glutted ; not to be filled. 
 
 To Inscri'be. v. a. [inscribo, L^it. iri' 
 scrire, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To write on any thing. It is generally 
 applied to something written on a monu- 
 ment, or on the outside of something. 
 It is therefore more trequently used with 
 on than in. 
 
 In all yon writ to Rome, or else 
 To foreign princes, ego ^ rex meus 
 Was still inscrih'd. Sliakap. Henry VIll. 
 
 Connatural principles are in themselves highly 
 reasunahie, and dcducible by a strong process of 
 ratiocination to be most true; and consequently the 
 high exercise of ratiocination mijiht evince 'tlieir 
 truth, thouph there were no such originally inscribed 
 in the mind. Hale^s Origin of Maj.kimt. 
 
 Ve weeping loves ! tlie stream with myrtles hide, 
 And w ith your golden darts, now useless grown. 
 Inscribe a verse on this relenting stone. Pope. 
 
 2. To mark any thing with writing ; as, I 
 inscribed the stone with my name 
 
 '.i. To assijrn to a patron without a formal 
 tleditation. 
 
 One ode, which pleased me in the reading. 1 
 have attempted to tr.inslaie in Pindarick verse ; 
 'tis that which is inscribed to the present Eail of 
 Rochester. Ihyden. 
 
 4. To draw a figure within another. 
 In the circle ijiscribe a square. 
 
 Koles lo Creech's Maniliuj, 
 
 Inscei'ption. n.s. [inscrijjtion, Fr. in- 
 scriptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Something written or engraved. 
 
 This avarice of praise in time to come, 
 lliose lung inscnplii^wcrowded on the tomb, l^rvd. 
 
 2. Title. 
 
 Joubertus hy the same title led our expectatirm, 
 xvherehv we reaped no advantage, it answering 
 scarce at all the promise of the imcrt^tierr. ijiii^^ri. 
 
 3. [In law.] An obligation made in writing, 
 whereb> the accuser binds himself to un- 
 dergo the same punishment, if he shall 
 not prove tlie crime which he objects to 
 the ]jarty accused, in his accusatory libel, 
 as ihe di'fendant himself ought to sufi'er, 
 if the same be proved. Ayliffe's Purtrg. 
 
 4. Consignment of a book to a patron 
 without a ibrmal dedication. 
 
 Inscrii 'table, adj. [inscrulnbilis, htA, 
 inscrutable, Tr.] Unsearchable; not to 
 be traced out bj' enquiry or stttdy. 
 
 .•\ jest unseen, inscriituli/f, invisible, 
 
 .'Vs a ^^eatllcr-cock on a steeple. Shakepp. 
 
 This kins had a large lieart, inscrutable fur good, 
 
 and was wln.lly bent to make Ills kingdom and 
 
 people happy. .t Budm. 
 
 O how in.srru(ii(i/e his equity 
 Twins witli his power. SaHfiut. 
 
 Hereunto they have recourse as iinio the oiat'.e 
 of life, the great determination of virginity, c» n- 
 ception, firtiliiy, and the iuscrutabte iiifirmiiies .-f 
 the whole body. £i,>u-n. 
 
 We should contemplate reverently the works uf 
 nature and grace, tiie i?iscrntfl/»/e way s of Piovi- 
 dence, and all the wonderful luethuds of (jol's 
 dealing with men. Atlerb'rt;. 
 
 989
 
 I N S 
 
 To Insci/lp. v. a. Unsculpo, Lat.] To 
 engrave ; to cut. 
 
 A coin tliat bears the figure of an aiig'e 
 Stam[>ed in gold, but that inscutpt u[jon. Shakcsp, 
 
 Insculpture. n. s. [from in and sculp- 
 ture,^ Any thing engraved. 
 
 'I'iiuon is ()fa(l, 
 Kntomb'd upon the v^ry hem o' the sea ; 
 And on th^ (|rave stone this insculpture, wliich 
 With wax I brouglit away. Shukvsp. Timon, 
 
 It was usual to wear rings on either hand ; but 
 when jKCcious gems and rich iusculpturcs weie 
 added, the custom of wearing them was translated 
 unlo the left. Brown. 
 
 To Inse'am. v. a. [in and seam] To im- 
 press or mark by a seam or cicatrix. 
 Deep o'er his knee inseaind remain'd the srar. 
 
 Fope. 
 
 raSECT. 11. s. [insecia, Lat.] 
 
 1. Insects maybe considered together as 
 one great tribe of animals : tliey are cal- 
 led instcts from a separation in the mid- 
 dle of their bodies, whereby they are cut 
 into two parts, which are joined together 
 by a small ligature, as we see in wasps 
 and common flies. Locke. 
 
 Beast, bird, insert, or worm, durst enter none. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. Any thing small or contemptible. 
 
 In ancient times tlie sacred plough eiiijiloy'd 
 The kings, and awful fathers of mankind ; 
 And some with whom conipar'd, your i;iser( tribes 
 Are but the beings of a Summer's day. Thomson. 
 
 Insect a'tor. n. s. [fronn inscctor, Lat ] 
 One that persecutes or harasses with 
 pursuit. Diet. 
 
 Inse'ctile. adj. \f\-om insect.'] Having 
 the nature of insects. 
 
 Insecti/e animals, for want of blood, run all out 
 into legs. Bacon. 
 
 Insecto'loger. n. s, [i7isect and >^iy&'.] 
 
 One who studies or describes insects. 
 
 A word, I believe, unauthorised. 
 
 ThL' insect itself is, according to modern imecto- 
 logers, of the ichneuraon-tiy kind. Derham. 
 
 'NSECu're. adj. [in and secure.] 
 
 I. Not secure; not confident of safety. 
 He is liable to a great many inconveniences 
 every inojnent of bis life, and is continually inse- 
 cure not only of the good things of this life, but 
 even of life itself " Tiilotson. 
 
 i. Not safe. 
 
 Insecu'rity. n. s. [in and security/.] 
 
 1. Uncertainty ; want of confidence. 
 
 It may be easily perceived wilh wliat insecuritii 
 of truth we ascribe ell'ccts, depending upon the na- 
 tural period of time, unto arbitrary calculations, 
 and such as vary at pleasure. Brown. 
 
 2. Want of satety ; danger ; hazard. 
 
 The unreasonableness and prcsiMiipticm, the 
 danger and desperate insecuritij of those that have 
 not so much as a thought, all their lives lung, to 
 advance so far as attrition and contrition, sorrow, 
 and resoliilion of amendment. Hummond. 
 
 Insemina'tion. n.s. [insemination, Vr. 
 inseminatio, Lat.] The act of scattering 
 seed on ground. 
 Insecu'tion. n.s. ['nsecution, Vr.inse- 
 culio, Lat.] Pursuit. Not in use. 
 Not the king's own horse got more before the 
 wheel 
 Of his rich chariot, that might still tlie insecution 
 
 With the extreme hairs of liis tail. C/mpman's Iliad. 
 
 Insensate, adj. [insensc, Fr. insensuto, 
 Ital.] Stupid; wanting thought ; want- 
 ing sensibility. 
 
 I N S 
 
 Ye be reprobates ; obdurate tn&ensate creatures. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 So fond are mortal men, 
 As their own ruin on themselves t' invite, 
 Insensate left, or to sense reprobate, 
 And with blindness internal struck. Afi/toH's Agon. 
 
 Insensibility, n. s. [insensibilile, Fr. 
 from insensible.] 
 
 1. Inability to perceive. 
 
 Insensibility of slow niotiuns may be thus ac- 
 counted for : motion cannot be perceived without 
 perception of the parts of space which it k-i't, and 
 those which it next acquires. Glanville. 
 
 2. Stupidity ; dulness of mental percep- 
 tion. 
 
 3. Torpor; dulness of corporal sense. 
 Insensible, adj. [insensible, Fr.] 
 
 1. Imperceptible; not discoverable by the 
 senses. 
 
 What is that word honour r" Air ; a trim reckon- 
 ing. Who hath it ? lie that died a Wednesday. 
 Doth he feel it ? No. Uuth he hear it ? No. 
 is it insensible then '^ Yea, to the dead. But will 
 it not live witli the living ? No. W hy ? Detrac- 
 tion will not sutler it. Shakes}}. 
 Two small and almost insensible pricks were 
 found upon L'lecjpatra's arm. Brown's Vnl^^. Err. 
 The dense and bright ligtit ol' tlie ciiele will 
 obscure the rare and weak li;;ht of these dark co- 
 lours round about it, and render (hem almost in- 
 sensible. Newtnn's Opticks. 
 •2. Slowly gradual, so as that no progress is 
 perceived. 
 
 They fall away. 
 And languish with imensihle decay. Dryden. 
 
 3. Void of feeling, either mental or corporal. 
 
 i thought 
 I then was passing to my former state 
 Insensible, and forthwith to dissolve. Millnn. 
 
 Accept an obligation without being a slave to 
 the giver, or inseitsiblc of his kindness. WoUon. 
 
 4. Void of emotion or affection. 
 
 You grow insensible to the conveniency of riches, 
 the delights of honour and praise. Temple. 
 
 You render mankind insensible to their beaulies, 
 and have destroyed the cnipiri; of love. Dryden. 
 
 Inse'nsibleness. n.s. [fiom insensible.] 
 Absence of perception i inability to per- 
 ceive. 
 
 The insensiblencss of the pain proceeds rather 
 from the relaxation of the nerves than their ob- 
 struction. Hay. 
 
 Insensibly, adr. [from insensible.] 
 
 1. Imperceptibly ; in such a manner as is 
 not discovered by the senses. 
 
 The planet earth, so stedfast though she seem, 
 Insensiblil three ditlerent motions move. Miltmi. 
 
 The hills rise insensibly, and leave the eye a vast 
 uninterrupted prospect. Addison on Italy. 
 
 2. By slow degrees. 
 
 Equal they were form'd. 
 Save what "sin hath impair'd, which yet hath 
 
 wrought 
 Insensibly. . Milton. 
 
 Proposals agreeable to our passions will iiisensi- 
 bly prevail upon our weakness. Roger's Sermons. 
 
 Cadeuus 
 Insensiblu caiiie on her side. Sicift. 
 
 3. Without mental or corpor?! sense. 
 Inseparability. In.s. [from insepa- 
 Inse'parableness. j rfl6/f.] The qua- 
 lity of being such as cannot be severed 
 or divided. 
 
 The parts of pure space are immoveable, which 
 follows from their inseparability, motion being no- 
 thing but clunige rif distance between any two 
 things ; but this" cannot be between parts that are 
 inseparable. Locke. 
 
 Inse'parable. adj. [inseparable, Tr. in- 
 seperabilis, Lat.] Not to be disjoined ; 
 united so as not to be parted. 
 
 INS 
 
 Ancient times figure both the incorporation ai. 
 ijise/jaro6/e conjunction of counsel with kings, and 
 the wise and politick use of counsel by kings. Buc. 
 
 'i'hou, my shade 
 Inseparable, must wilh me along ; 
 i'ur death from sin no pow'r can separate. Milton. 
 
 Care and toil came into the world with sin, and 
 remain ever siuL'e irreparable from it. South. 
 
 No body feels jiaiii, that he wishes not to be 
 eased of, v/itli a desire equal to that pain, and in- 
 separabU from it. l^ockc. 
 
 The ])arts of pure space are inseparable one from 
 the other, so that the continuity cannot he sepa- 
 rated, neither really nor mentally. Locke. 
 
 Together out they Ily, 
 Inseparable now the trutli and lie ; 
 Antt this or that unuiixt no mortal e'er shall find. 
 
 Pope. 
 Inseparably, adv. [from inseparable,] 
 With indissoluble union. 
 
 Drowning of metals is, when the baser metal is 
 so incorporate with the more rich as it cannot be 
 separated ; as if silver should be inseparably incor- 
 porated with gold. Bacon. 
 
 Him thou Shalt enjoy, 
 Inseparublii thine. Milton. 
 
 Restlessness of mind seems inseparably annexed 
 to human nature. Temple. 
 
 Atheists must confess, tliat before that assigned 
 period matter had existed eternally, inseparably en- 
 dued wilh this jirinciple of attraction ; and yet 
 had never attr.ncted nor convened befjre, during 
 that infinite duration. Bcntley. 
 
 To INSERT. II. a. [insero,insertu7ii, La.t.] 
 To place in or amongst other things. 
 
 Those words were very weakly inserted, where 
 tliey are so liable to misconstruction. StiUingfieet. 
 
 With the worthy gentleman's name 1 will uisert 
 it at length in one of my papers. Addison, 
 
 It is the editor's interest to ijisert wliat tlie au- 
 thor's judgment had rejected. 'iu'ij't. 
 
 Poesy and oratory omit tilings not essential, 
 
 and visert little buauViful digressions, in order to 
 
 place every thing in the most affecting light. U'oKs. 
 
 Inse'rtion. n.s. [insertion, Vr.insertio, 
 
 Lat ] 
 I. The act of placing any thing in or 
 among otlier matter. 
 
 The great disadvantage our historians labour un- 
 der is too tedious an inTerruption, by the insertion 
 of records in their narration. Fe/to/i on the Clussicks. 
 
 gut; 
 
 An ileus, commonly called the twisting of the 
 Its, is cither a circumvolution or i?istrfioa of one 
 
 Arbuthnoi. 
 
 part of tile gut within the otlier. 
 
 2. 1 he thing inserted. 
 
 He softens I he relation by such insertions, before 
 he describes ilie event. Broome. 
 
 To IIsise'rve. v,a. [inservio,hat.] To be 
 of use to an end. 
 
 Inse'rvient. adj. [itiserviens, Lat.] 
 Conducive ; of an use to an end. 
 
 The providence of God, which disposeih of no 
 part ill vain, where there is no digestion tobe 
 made, makes nut any parts iiiscrvieiii to that in- 
 tention. Broun. 
 
 To Inshe'll. r. a. [in and shell.] To 
 liide in a shel'i. Not used. 
 
 Aufidius, hearing of our iSIarcius' banishment 
 'J'liruits forth his horns again into the world, 
 \Miicli were iiis/iri/'ii when Jiarcius stood lor Rome, 
 And durst not once peep out. Shukesp Coriolanus. 
 
 To iNSlli p. v. a. [in and ship.] To shut 
 in a ship ; to stow ; to embark. Not 
 used. V\'e say simply to ship. 
 See ihem safely brought to Dover, where, in- 
 sltipp'd. 
 Commit them to tlie fortune of the sea. Shakesp. 
 7o INSHRINE. v.a. [in and shrine.] To 
 inclose in a shrine or precious case. It 
 is written equally enshrine. 
 
 Warlike and martial Talbot, Burgundy 
 Inshrincs thee in his heart. Shakesp. Henry \ 1. 
 
 Not Babvlon, 
 Equall'd in all its glories, to iiislirine Belus.iUillo"- 
 
 990
 
 I N S 
 
 Inside, n. s. \in and side.'] Tnteriour 
 part ; part within. Oi^posed to the sur- 
 face or outside. 
 
 Look'd he o' tli' inside of the paper ? 
 —He did unseal them. Shakesp. Henry Vlll. 
 
 Shew the inside of your purse to the outilde of 
 his hiind, and no more ado, Shak. M'intcr's Tale. 
 
 Hert? are the outsides of tlie one, the insidcs uf 
 llie other, and there's the moiety I pruinist-d ye. 
 
 L' Estrange, 
 
 As for the imide of their nest, none but them- 
 selves were concerned in it. Addisim's Guardian. 
 
 Insidia'tor, n, s. [Lat.] One who Hes 
 in wait. Diet. 
 
 INSIDIOUS, adj, [iiisidieuXyTr. insidi- 
 osuSj Lat.] Sly ; circumventive ; diU- 
 gent to entrap ; treacherous. 
 
 Since men mark all our steps, and watch our 
 Waitings, let a sense of their iusidiinis vigilance ex- 
 cite us so to behare ourselves, that tiiev may 
 find a conviction of the mighty power of Ohristi- 
 anitv towards regulating the passions. Atterlmry. 
 
 1 ney wing their course, 
 And dart on distant coasts, if some sharp rock, 
 Or hlioal insidious, breaks not their career. T'/dJmsiin 
 
 Insi'diously. adv» [trora insidious.] In 
 a sly and treacherous manner ; with 
 malicious artifice. 
 
 The castle of Cadmus was taken by Plicbidas 
 the Lacedemonian, insidiously and in viulaiinn of 
 Iea::ue. Bacon. 
 
 Simeon and Levi spoke not only falsely' but in- 
 tidi'mstii, nay hypocritically, abusing their pmsc- 
 lytes and their religion, for the efl'ectiug their cruel 
 desijius. Government oj the longue. 
 
 I'NSIGHT. n, s. [i7isichtf Dut. This word 
 had formerly the accent on the last syl- 
 lable.] Introspection; deep view; know- 
 ledge of the interiour parts ; thorough 
 skill in any thing. 
 
 Hardy shepherd, such as thy merits, such may 
 be her i/us(g/i( justly to grant tliee reward. Sidney. 
 
 Straitway sent with careful diligence 
 To fetch a leech, the which had yreut insight 
 In that disease of urieved conscience, 
 And well could cure the same; his name was Pa- 
 tience. 5/JfJWtT. 
 
 Now will be the right season of forming lliem to 
 be able writers, when they shall be thus fr;iui:lit 
 with an universal inxi^ht into tilings. MiUon. 
 
 The use of a little insii:_ht in thuse parts of know- 
 ledge, wliich are not a man's proper business, is lo 
 accustom our minds to all sorts of ideas. Locke. 
 
 A garden gives us a great insight into the cntri- 
 vance and wisdom of providence, and sujigests 
 innumtrable subjects of meditation. Sptciator. 
 
 Due consideration, and a deeper insight into 
 tilings, would soon have made them sensible of 
 their error.- Woodward. 
 
 Insigni'ficANCE. \ 71. s. [insignificance. 
 Insignificancy, j Fr. from insigniji- 
 
 can(.'\ 
 1. Want of meaning; unmeaning terms. 
 
 I'o give an account of all the insignijicajicics and 
 the verbal nothings of this philosophy, would be 
 to transcribe it. Gtanviile. 
 
 2._Unimportance. 
 
 As 1 was ruminating on that 1 had seen, 1 could 
 not forbear reflecting on the insignijicuncy of hu- 
 man art, when set in comparison with the designs 
 of Providence. Addison's Guardinn. 
 
 My annals are in mouldy miMews wrought, 
 With easy insignificance of thought. Garth. 
 
 Insignificant, adj. [in and signiji- 
 cant."] 
 
 1. Wanting meaning; void of significa- 
 tion. 
 
 'Till you can weight and gravity explain, 
 These words are insignificant and vain.B/ac/c;HO?-e. 
 
 2. Unimportant ; wanting weight; inef- 
 fectual. This sense, though supported 
 by authority, is not very proper, j 
 
 INS 
 
 That I might not be vapoured down by insigni 
 ficant testimonies, I presumed to use the great 
 name of your society lo annihilate all such argu- 
 nients. Glanrdle's Seep. PreJ. 
 
 Calumny robs the publick of all that benefit 
 that it may justly- claim from the wortli and virtue 
 of particular persons, by rendering their virtue 
 utterly insigiiijicant. South. 
 
 All the arguiuenls to a good life will be very 
 insignificant lo a man that liaih a nnnd to be 
 w icked, wlien remissira of siris may be had upon 
 cheap terms. Titlotson. 
 
 Nothing can be more contemptible and insigni- 
 Jicant than the scum of a people, instigated against 
 a king. Addison. 
 
 In a hemorrhage from the luncn, no remedy so 
 proper as bleeding, ofleu repeated : styptieks are 
 often itisigjiijicant. Arhuthnot 
 
 iNSiGNi'FiCANTLY.flrfr. [from insigniji' 
 cantJ] 
 
 1. Without meaning. 
 
 Birds are laught to use articulate words, yet 
 they understand not their import, but use them 
 insignificantly, as the organ or pipe renders the 
 tune, wliicirit understands not. Hale. 
 
 2. Without importance or effect. 
 
 Insincere, adj. [iminccrus,\jit. in axxtl 
 
 sincere,] 
 
 1. Not what he appears ; not hearty ; dis- 
 sembling ; unfaithful: of person. 
 
 2. Not sound ; corrupted: of things. 
 
 Ah wliy, Penelope, this causeless fear. 
 To render sleep's soft blessings insincere? 
 Alike devote to sorrow's dire extreme. 
 The day reflection, and the midnight dTt'jin.Pope. 
 
 Insince'rity. n. s. [from insincei-e.] 
 Dissimulation ; want of truth or fidelity. 
 
 If men should always act under a mask, and in 
 disguise, that indeed betrays design and i;i5mcc- 
 rity. Broome on the Odyssey. 
 
 To Insi'new. v. a. [in and sinctv.] To 
 strengthen; to confirm. A word not 
 used. 
 
 All members of our cause. 
 That are insinewed to this action. Shakesp. 
 
 Insi'nuant. fl^'. [Fr.] Having the power 
 to gain favour. 
 
 i\Ien not so quick perhaps of conceit as slow to 
 Jiassioni^, and commonly less inventive than judi- 
 ci us, Imwiuever prove very plausible, insitiuant, 
 and fortunate men. U otton. 
 
 To INSINUATE, v. a. Unsinuer, Fw in- 
 
 sinuOj Lat.] 
 
 1. To introduce any tiling gently. 
 
 The water easily insinuates itself into and pla- 
 cidly distends (lie vessels of vegetables. Woodward . 
 
 2. To push gently into favour or regard ; 
 conmionly with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 There is no particular evil which hath not si-nie 
 appearance of goodness, whereby to insinuate it- 
 self. Hooker. 
 
 At the isle of Rhee he insinnatcd himself into the 
 very good grace of the duke of liuckiuiiliam 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 3. To hint ; to impart directly. 
 
 And all the fictions bards pursue 
 Do but insinuate wliat's true. Suift. 
 
 4. To instil ; to infuse gently. 
 
 All the art of rhetoriek, besides order and clear- 
 ness, are for nothins else but lo mstMuufe wrong 
 ideas, move the passions, and thereby mislead the 
 judgment. Locke. 
 
 To Insinuate, r.n- 
 
 1. To wheedle; to gain on the affections 
 by gentle degrees. 
 
 f love no colours ; and without all colour 
 Of base ii\sinuating tl.iUer}', 
 I pluck this while rose with Plantagenet.S/mKe^p. 
 
 2. To steal into imperceptibility ; to be con- 
 veyed insensibly. 
 
 I N s 
 
 Pe";tilcntial miasms insinuate into the humoral 
 and consistent parls of the body. Harieu. 
 
 3. I know not whether ^Milton does not use 
 this word, according to its etymology, 
 for, to enfold ; to wreath ; to wind. 
 
 Close the serpent sly 
 Insinuating, uf his fatal guUe 
 Gave proof unheeded. Jlilton. 
 
 Insinua'tion. n. s. [insinuafio, Lat. 
 insinuation, Fr. from insinuate.] The 
 power of pleasing or stealing upon the 
 affections. 
 
 When the industry of one man hath settled the 
 work, a new man, by insinuation or misinforrau- 
 tion, may not supplant him without a just cause. 
 
 Bacon. 
 He had a natural ijisinuation and address, ubicU 
 made him acceptable in the best company. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Insi'nuative. adj. [from insinuate.] 
 
 Stealing on the affections. 
 
 It is a strange insinnative power which example 
 and custom have upon us.Goiemm. of the Tongue, 
 
 Insinua'tor. n. s, [insinuntor, Lat.] 
 He that insinuates. Ainsivorth, 
 
 INSIPID, adj, [insipidcy Fr. insipidus, 
 Lat.] 
 
 L Wanting taste; wanting power of af- 
 fecting the organs of gust. 
 
 Some earths yield, by (.istillatiun, aliquot very 
 far from being niodurous or imipid. Boyle. 
 
 Our fdtticrs much admir'd their sauces sweet, ^ 
 
 And often call'd for sugar with their meat ; 
 
 insipid taste, old friend, to them that Paris knew, 
 
 \Vhe;e rocambole, shallot, and tlie rank garlick 
 
 grew. Auig- 
 
 Thib chyle is the natural and alimentary pituila, 
 which the ancients decribed as insipid. 
 
 Ftoyeron the Humours. 
 
 She lays some useful hile aside, 
 To tinge the chyle's insipid tide. Prior. 
 
 2. Wanting sj)irit ; wanting pathos; flat; 
 dull ; heavy. 
 
 The gods have made your noble miud for me, 
 And lier insipid soul for Ptolemy ; 
 A heavy lump of earth vvilhoul desire, 
 A heap of aslies that overlays 3'our fire. 
 
 Dryden^s CUom, 
 
 Some short excursions of a broken vow 
 He made indeed, but tlat itnipid sluiT. Dryden. 
 
 Insipi'dity. I n. s. [insipiditi-y Fr. from 
 Insipidness. J insipid] 
 
 1. Want of taste. 
 
 2, Want of lite or spirit. 
 
 Dryden's lines shine strongU' through the insi- 
 pidity of Tate's. Pope. 
 
 iNSi'piDLY, adv. [from insipid.] 
 
 1. Without taste. 
 
 2. Didly ; without spirit. 
 
 One great rea!^on wliv many children abandon 
 tliem^elves wholly 10 sillv spurts, and tiifle away 
 all their time insipidly, is because they have founU 
 their curiosity baulked. lAjcke. 
 
 Insi'pience. w. s. [insipientia, Lat.] 
 Folly ; want of understanding. 
 
 To INSIST, r. n. [insislir, Fr, insisto, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . To stand or rest upon. 
 
 'J he combs being double, the cells on each side 
 the partition are so ordered, that the angles on 
 one side insist ui'on the centers of the bottom of 
 the Ceils on the other side. Ray. 
 
 2. Not to recede (rem terms or assertions ; 
 to persist in. 
 
 Vpon such large terms, and so absolute, 
 .\s our conditions shall insist upon, 
 Our peace shall stand firm as rocky mountains. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 3. To dwell upon in discourse. 
 
 901
 
 I N S 
 
 VVcre there no otlicr act of hostility but that 
 wliich we have hitherto imisted on, the intercept- 
 ing of her supplies were irreparably hijurious to 
 her. Vecay of Piety. 
 
 Jns'istent. adj. [insistens, Lat ] Rest- 
 ing upon any thing. 
 
 The breadth of the substruction must be at least 
 double to the insistent wall. Wotton. 
 
 Insi'tikncy. n. s. [?'?/ and sit io, Lat.] 
 Exemption from thirst. 
 
 What is more admirable than the fitness of 
 every creature for tlie use wo make uf him ? The 
 docility of an elephant, and the insitiency of a 
 camel for travelling in desarts. Qt^ew. 
 
 Insi'tion. n. s. [insitio, Lat.] The in- 
 sertion or engrafFment of one branch 
 into another. 
 
 Without the use uf these we could Iiave nothing 
 of culture or civility ; no tillage, grafting, or m- 
 iitioji. Hay. 
 
 Insi'sture. w.s. [from insist.] This word 
 seems in Shakespeare to signify constan- 
 cy or regularity, but is now not used. 
 The iit'iiv'iis theuihclves, the planets, and the 
 center. 
 Observe degree, priority, and place, 
 Insisture, course, proportion, season, form, 
 Ollice and custom, in all line of order. Shahcsp 
 
 7o Insna're. v. a, [in anii snai'e.^ 
 
 1 . To entrap ; to catch in a trap , gin, or 
 snare; to inveigle. 
 
 Why siievv'st thou sugar on that bottled spider. 
 Whose deadly web insnareth thee about? Shahcsp. 
 
 She ensjioT^d 
 Mankind with her fair looks. Milton. 
 
 By long expcrieTice'Durfey may no doubt 
 Insnui-c a j^udaeon, or perhaps a trout; 
 Though Dryden once cxclaim'd in partial spite ; 
 He "tisli ! — Because the man attempts to write. 
 
 Fen Inn. 
 
 2. To entangle in difficulties or perplex- 
 ities. 
 
 Tliat which in a groat part, in the weightiest 
 cnu^'^s belonging tu tlii^ present controversy, hatii 
 itisnared the judgments buth uf sundr_y gn.id and 
 «f some well learned men, is the manifest truth 
 of certain general principles, wiiercupun the or- 
 dinances that serve fur usual practice in the church 
 of God are grounded. Honker. 
 
 That the hypocrite reign not, lest the people 
 be ensnared. Job. xxxvi. 30. 
 
 3. Ensnare is more frequent. 
 Insna'rer. n, s. [from e«SKG7'f.] He 
 
 that ensnares. 
 Inso'ciable. adj. [insociahle, Fr. inso- 
 ciahilis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Averse from conversation. 
 
 If this austere insnciable life 
 Change not your otler made in heat of blood. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 2. Incapable of connexion or union. 
 
 Tlie lowest ledge or row must be merely of 
 stone, closely laid, without mortar, which is a 
 general cautitjn for all parts in building that are 
 coniigucius lo board or timber, because lime and 
 wood are insociabie. Wotton s Architecture. 
 
 Insobri'kty. 7/, s. [in and sobriety.] 
 Drunkenness ; want of sobriety. 
 
 He whose crinscience upbraids him with pro- 
 fducness towards God, and insobriety towards him- 
 self, if he is just to his neighbour, he thinks lie 
 has quit scores. Decay ofPiettf. 
 
 To I'NSOLA'rE. r. a. [insolo, Lat.] To 
 dry in the sun ; to expose to the action 
 of the sun. 
 
 Insolation. 7t.s. [insolation, Fr. from 
 insotafc] Exposition to the sun. 
 
 We use these towers for insolation, refrigeration, 
 conversation^ and tor the view of divers meteors. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 I N^ 
 
 If it have not a sufficient insolation it looketii 
 pale, and attains not its laudable colour ; if it be 
 sunned too long, it sufil'ereth a torrefaction.B?otcJn. 
 I'nsolence. ? w. «. [insolence, ¥y. inso- 
 I'nsolency. j lentia, Lat.] Pride exerted 
 in contemptuous and overbearing treat- 
 ment of others ; petulant contempt. 
 
 They could nut restrain the insolencif of O'Neal, 
 who, finding none now to withstand him, made 
 himself lord of those people that remained. Spe^iser. 
 
 Sucii a nature 
 Tickled willi good success, disdains the shadow 
 VVhich he treads on at nomi ; but I d(i wonder 
 His insolence can brook to be commanded 
 Under Cominius. Shakes}). 
 
 Blown with insolence and wine. Milton. 
 
 Publick judgments are the banks and shores 
 upon wiiich God breaks the insolency of sinners, 
 and stays their jjroud waves. Tillotaon. 
 
 The steady tyrant man, 
 Vitio with the thoughtless insolence of power. 
 For sport alone, pursues the cruel chace.Thomson. 
 
 The fear of any violence, either against her own 
 person or against her son, might deter Penelope 
 froui using any endeavours to remove men of such 
 insolence and power. Broome. 
 
 To Insolence, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 To insult ; to treat with contempt. A 
 very bad word. 
 
 The bishops, who were first faulty, insolenccd 
 and assaulted. Kins Charles. 
 
 I'nsolent. adj. [insolent, Fr. insolent, 
 Lat.] Contemptuous of others; haugh- 
 ty ; overbearing. 
 
 We have not pillaged those rich provinces wliich 
 we rescued ; victory itself hath not made us inso- 
 lent masters. Atterbury. 
 
 rNSOLENTLY. odv. [insohntei', Lat.] 
 With contempt of others , haughtily; 
 rudely. 
 
 Whiit I must disprove. 
 He ijisolcnttii t^lk'd to me of love, Dryden. 
 
 N'lt fiiciiun, wlien it shook thy regal seat, ^ 
 Nut senates, insolentli} loud, 
 Those echoes of a Ihoughil. ss crowd, 
 Could warp lliy s<>ul to tlieir unjust decree. Dryd. 
 
 Briant, naturally of an hauglity temper, treated 
 him very imolcntty, more like a criminal than a 
 prisoni'r of war. Addison, 
 
 Inso'lvable. adj. [insolvable, Fr. in and 
 solve.] 
 
 \. Not to be solved ; not to be cleared; 
 inextricable ; such as admits of no solu- 
 tion, or explication. 
 
 Spend a few thoughts on the puzzling enquiries 
 cnncerning vacuuuis, the doctrine of intinites, in- 
 divisibles and incommensurabies, wherein there 
 appear some insolvable difficulties. 
 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 'Z. That cannot be paid. 
 Inso'luble. adj. [insohible, Fr. insolU' 
 bills, Lat.] 
 
 1 , Not to be cleared ; not to be resolved. 
 
 Admit this, arui what shall the Scripture be but 
 a snare and a torment to weak consciences, IJliing 
 tlieui with infinite scrupulosities, doubts insoluble, 
 and extreme despair i" Hooker. 
 
 2. Not to be dissolved or separated. 
 
 Stony matter may grow in any part of a human 
 body ; for when any thing itisoluble slicks in any 
 part of the body, it gathers a crust about it. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Ins'olvent. adj. [in and solve, Lat.] 
 Unable to pay. 
 
 By public declaration he proclaimed himself 
 insolvent of those vast sums he had taken upon 
 credit. Howel. 
 
 A farmer accused his guards for robbing him of 
 oxen, and the emperor shot the offenders: but 
 demandiHg reparation of the accuser for so many 
 brave fellows, and finding him insoUcnt, com- 
 pounded the matter by taking his life. Addison. 
 
 I N S 
 
 An inoslvent is a man that cannot paj his debti. 
 
 Watts. 
 Insolvent tenant of incumber'd space. Smart, 
 
 Insolvency, n. s. [from insolvent.^ 
 Inability to pay debts. An act of vi- 
 solvency is a law by which imprisoned 
 debtors are released without payment. 
 
 Inso'much. con;, [in so much.] 
 
 1. So that ; to such a degree that. 
 
 It hath ever been the use of llie conqueror to 
 despise the language of the conquered, and tolorce 
 liini to learn his : so did tlie Romans always use, 
 insomuch that there is uo nation but is sprinkled 
 with their language. Spenser. 
 
 To make jzround fertile, ashes excel ; insomuck 
 as the countries about yEtna have amends made 
 them, for the mischiefs the ernplions do. Baccn. 
 
 Simonides was an excellent j)oet, iTisumuch that 
 he made his fortune by ii. L^ Estrange. 
 
 'I'iiey made tlie ground uneven about their nest, 
 imomuch that the siale did not lie flat upon it, but 
 left a free passage underneath. Addison. 
 
 2. I'his word is growing obsolete. 
 
 To Inspect, v. a. [inspicio, inspectum, 
 Ldt.] Tolookintoby way of examination. 
 
 Inspection, n. s. [inspection, Fr. in- 
 spect io, Lat.] 
 
 1. Prying examination ; narrow and close 
 survey. 
 
 With narrow search, and witli iTispectian deep. 
 Consider every creature. Milton. 
 
 Our religion is a religion that dares to be un- 
 derstood ; that oliers itaelf to the search of the 
 inquisitive, to tlie inspection of the severest and 
 the most awakened reason; for, being secure of 
 tier substantial truth and purity, she knows that 
 for her to be seen and loolied into, is to be em- 
 braced and admired, as there needs no greater 
 argument for men to love the light than to see it. 
 
 South, 
 
 2. Superintendence ; presiding care. In 
 the first sense it should have into before 
 the object, and in the second sense it 
 may admit ovei- ; but authors confound 
 them. 
 
 We may safely conceal our good deeds, when 
 they run iio hazard of being diverted to improper 
 ends, fur want of our oivn inspection. Atterbury. 
 
 V\ e should apply ourselves to study the perfec- 
 tions of God, and to procure lively and vigorous 
 impressions of his perpetual presence with us, and 
 i7ispcctitm over us. Atterbury. 
 
 The divine inspection into the affairs of the world, 
 doth necessarily follow from the nature and being 
 of Gc'd ; and lie that denies this, doth implicitly 
 deny his existence. Bentley. 
 
 Inspector, n. s. [Lat.] 
 
 1. A prying examiner. 
 
 With tlieir new light our bold inspectors press. 
 Like Cham, to shew their father's nakedness. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 2. A superintendant. 
 
 Young men may travel under a wise inspector or 
 tutor to ditierent parts, that they may bring home 
 useful knowledge. [('attj. 
 
 Inspe'rsion. n, s, [i/ispersio, Lat.] A 
 sprinkling upon. Ainstvorth. 
 
 To In SPHERE. V. a. [m and «pAer«.] To 
 place in an orb or sphere. 
 
 W here those imuKirtal shapes 
 Of bright aerial spirits live iyispher'd,^ 
 In regions mild of calm and serene air. Hilton. 
 
 Inspi'rable. ailj. [ivom inspire.] Which 
 may be drawn in with the breath ; 
 which may be infused. 
 
 To these inspirable hurts, we may enumerate 
 those they sustain from their e.\piration of fuligi- 
 nous steams. Harvey. 
 
 Inspiration, n.s. [from inspire.] 
 I. The act of drawing in the breath. 
 
 992
 
 INS 
 
 Tm anv itiflainniatioii of tlie diapliragm, tlie 
 •yni!iloiu>i arc a violent fever, and a most exqui- 
 site pain iiicreaseci upon iitspiratitm, by wliich it 
 is dj.stingiiishe'd from a pleurisy, in wliich tiie 
 greatest pain is in expiration. Ailtulhtwt. 
 
 2. The act of breathing into anv thiiijf. 
 8. Infusion of ideas into the niintl by a su- 
 perior power. 
 
 I Ticver spolie witli lier in all my life. 
 —How can slic then call us by our names, 
 Unless it be by inspiration? Shahesp. 
 
 Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men 
 at their deatli have good in^jiii-ations. Shakesp. 
 
 Wfi to his hi^h iiispiiutloit tiwe. 
 That ^\hat was done before the flood we know. 
 
 Vcnham, 
 AVhat the tragedian wrote, the late success 
 Declares was inspiration, aiul not guess. Denham. 
 tnspirution is when an overpowering impression 
 of any proposition is made upon the mind by God 
 himself, that gives a convi;icinu and indubitable 
 evidence of the triUll and divinity of it : so were 
 tlw; [iropliets and apostles inspired. IVatts. 
 
 TijIXSPTRE. v.n.[inspiro, hat. inspirer, 
 Fr.] To draw in the breath ; opposed 
 to expire. 
 
 If tlie inspiring and expiring organ of any ani- 
 
 . mal he stopt, it suddenly yields to nature, and 
 
 dies. Walton. 
 
 ToInspi're. v. a. 
 \. To breathe into. 
 
 Ye nine, descend and sing 
 The breathing iiistrumeiits in-TJire, Pope. 
 
 2. To infuse by breathing. 
 
 lie knew not his IMaker, and he that inspired 
 into him an active soul, and breatlied in a living 
 sj'irit. Wisd. XV. 11, 
 
 3. To infuse into the mind ; to impress 
 wjion the fancy. 
 
 i have been troubled in my slee|> this night ; 
 But dawning day new comfort hath iiispir'd. Sliak. 
 
 Then to the heart ijtspir^d 
 Vernal delight. Milton. 
 
 4. 'i"o animate by supernatural infusion. 
 
 Nor th' inspir'd ' 
 Castalian spring. ^ Milton. 
 
 Krato, thy poet's mind inspire, 
 .'\nd fill his soul with thy celestial fire. Drifden. 
 
 'i he letters are often read to the young religious, 
 to in.y}ire them with sentiments of virtue, Addison. 
 
 5. 'io draw in with the breath. 
 
 1j\ nieaiis of sulphurous coal smoaks the lungs 
 are stifled and oppressed, whereby they -^re forced 
 to inspire inid expire the air with dilKeuity, in 
 comparison of tlie facility of ras))iraio; and exp"iring 
 the air in the country. Harveq. 
 
 His baleful breatli inspiring as he glides ; 
 Now like a chain around lier neck he rides. Dryd. 
 
 iKSPtRER. n.s. [from inspire.] He that 
 inspires. 
 
 Io the infinite God, the omnipotent creator 
 and pre.server of the world, the most gracious re- 
 deemer, saiictilier,; and inspirer of mankind, be 
 all honour. Derham. 
 
 To Inspi'rit. v. a. {in and spirit.] To 
 animate ; to actuate ; to fill with hfe and 
 vigour; to enliven; to invigorate; to 
 encourage. 
 
 It has jileased God to inspirit and actuate all his 
 cv;ingelic:d methods by a concurrence of superna- 
 lural strength, which makes it not only eligible 
 but possible ; easy and pleasant to do » lutever 
 he c-mmaiids u». Deray qf' Piety. 
 
 A discreet use of becoming ceremonies rend«rs 
 tlie service of the church solemn and atrectiiig, in- 
 tjririts the blu^'gish, and inflames even the devout 
 worshipper. jlllerbuni 
 
 'the courage of Agamemnon is inspirited bv love 
 of empire and ambition. Pope's Pre)'. tothe'Iliads. 
 
 I«t Joy or ease, let affluence or content. 
 And tiic gay cynscieut^ of a life well spent, 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I N S 
 
 Calm ev'ry thought, inspirit ev'ry grace, 
 
 Glow in thy heart, and smile upon tiiy face.P<7JC. 
 
 To In.spi .ssATE. v.a. [in and spissiis, 
 I^t.] To thicken ; to niake thick. 
 
 Sugar doth inspissate the spirits of the wine, and 
 maketli them not so easy to re:>olve into vapour. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 This oil farther inspissated by evajioration turns 
 into balm. Arhutlmot on Aliments. 
 
 In.spissa'tion. «. .1. [from inspissate.] 
 The act of making any liquid thick. 
 
 The effect is wrought by the inspissaliiinnf the 
 air. Bacon. 
 
 Recent urine will crystallize by inspissntion, and 
 afiord a salt neither acid nor alkaline, .irbuthnot. 
 
 Instabi'lity. n.s. [inslahi/itas, from 
 instubilitc, Fr. instabi/is, Lat.] Incon- 
 stancy; fickleness; mutability of opinion 
 or conduct. 
 
 Imtability o{ temper ought to be checked, when 
 it disposes men to wander from one scheme of go- 
 vernment to another ; such a fickleness cannot but 
 be fatal to ourcinintry. Addison's Frceliolder. 
 
 Insta'ble. adj. [instabilis, Lat.] Incon- 
 stant; changing. See Unstable. 
 To IXSTA'LL. ti. a. [installer, Fr. in and 
 stall.] To advance to any rank or office, 
 by placing in the seat or stall proper to 
 tliat condition. 
 
 She reitrns a goddess now among the saints. 
 That whilom was the saint of shepherds light. 
 And is installed now in heaven's higlit. Spenser. 
 
 Cianmer is retnra'd with welcome, 
 Jnstaird archbishop of Canterbury. Shakesp. 
 
 The king chose him master of' the liorse, after 
 this he was installed of the most noble order. Wot. 
 
 Installa'tion. 71. s. [installation, Fr. 
 from install.] The act of giving visible 
 possession of a rank or office, by placing 
 in the proper seat. 
 
 Upon the election the bishop gives a mandate 
 for tills installatitm. Aptt^'e's Parergon. 
 
 Insta'lment. n. s. [from install.] 
 1. The act of installing. 
 Is it not easy 
 
 To make lord William Hastings of our mind, 
 
 For l)ie instalment of this noble duke 
 
 In the seat royal.' Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 •2. The seat in which one is installed. 
 
 Search Winrlsor-castle, elves. 
 The several chairs of order look you scour ; 
 Each fair instalment, coat, uikI several crest 
 With loyal blazon evermore be blest ] Shakesp. 
 
 I'NSTANCE. ) , r. , r 1 
 
 T, > ». s. instance, tc. 
 
 Instancy, f '- ^ 
 
 1. Importunity; urgency; solicitation. 
 
 Chiistianmen sliould much better frame them- 
 selves to those heavenly precepts which our Lord 
 and Saviour with sogre'al imtancfi gave us concern- 
 ing peace and unity, if we did concur to have the 
 ancient councils renewed. Hwker. 
 
 2. IMotive ; influence ; pressing argument. 
 Not now in use. 
 
 She dwells so securely upon lier honour, that 
 folly dares not present itself Now, could 1 come 
 to her with any direction ill my hand, my desires 
 had 'instance and argument to commend them- 
 selves. Shakesp. Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 
 The instances that secaid marriage move. 
 Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. Shak. ' 
 
 3. Prosecution or process of a suit. 
 
 The instance of a cause is said to be that judi- 
 cial process which is made from the contestation 
 of a suit, even to the time of pronouricing sen- 
 tence in the cause, or till the end of three years. 
 
 i. Example; document. 
 
 1 N S 
 
 Yet fiotli this accident 
 .So far exceed all instance, all discourse, 
 'J'hat 1 am ready to distrust mine eyes. Stiakap 
 
 In furnaces of copper nn'J brass, where vitAol 
 is often cast in, there ri>elh suddenly a tly, wliicli 
 sometimes nioveili on the walls of the furnace ; 
 sometimes in tiie fire below; and dielli nreseiitlj 
 as soon as it Is out of the furnace : wnicli is a 
 noble inst<ince, and wortliy to be weighed, hactm, 
 
 \\ c liiid ill history imtances of persons, who, 
 after their prisons have been flung open, have 
 chosen rather to languish in their dungeons, than 
 stake their miserable lives and fortunes upon the 
 success of a revolution. Additon. 
 
 1 lie greatest saints are Bomerimes made the most 
 remarkable instances it( sutferiiig. Attcbury. 
 
 Suppose the earth should be removed nearer t» 
 the sun, and revolve for instance in the orbit of 
 Mercury, the whole ocean would boil with heat. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 The use of insfancfs is to illustrate and explain 
 a difliculty ; and this end is best answered by 
 such instances as are familiar and common. Baker. 
 5. State of any thing. 
 
 Tiiese seem as if, in the time of Edward the 
 First, they were drawn up into the form of a law 
 in the first instance. hate. 
 
 (). Occasion; act. 
 
 'I he performances required on our pari, are no 
 oilier than what natural reason has endeavoured to 
 recommend, even in the most severe and dilKcult 
 instances of duty. Iloger$. 
 
 A soul supreme in each hard instajice try'd 
 Above all pain, all anger, and all pride. Pope. 
 
 If Eusebia has lived as free from sin as it is 
 possible for human nature, it is because she is al- 
 ways watching and guarding against all instances 
 of pride. Lau's Serious Cull. 
 
 To Instance, v. n. [from the noun.] To 
 
 give or offer an example. 
 
 As to false citations, that the world may see 
 how little he is to be trusted, I shall i>is(un'ce in 
 two or three about which he makes the loudest 
 elaraour. TUlolsan. 
 
 In tragedy and satire, this age and tlie last have 
 
 excelled the ancients ; and I would instance in 
 
 Shakespeare of the former, in Dorset of the latter. 
 
 Dry Jen's J« venal. 
 
 I'NSTAXT. adj. [instant, Fr. instant. 
 
 Lilt.] 
 
 1. Pressing ; urgent ; importunate ; earnest. 
 
 And they were instuiit ^nth loud voices, requir- 
 ing that he mit;ht be crucified. Luke xxiii. 2^. 
 
 Rejoicing in hope ; patient in tribulation ; con- 
 tinuing instant in jirayer. Romans xii. 12. 
 
 2. Immediate ; without any lime interven- 
 ing ; present. 
 
 Our good old friend, bestow 
 Your needful counsel to our businesses, 
 \\'liich crave the instant use. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 Tir instant stroke of death denounc'd to day. 
 Remov'd far olF. iUj/tori. 
 
 A^or native country thou, nor friend shall see ; 
 Nor war hast thou to wage, nor year to come ; 
 Impending death is thine, and iiislant doom.i^riar. 
 
 3. Quick ; making no delay. 
 
 Instant without disturb they lo'ik alarm. Milton. 
 Giiev'd that a visitant so long should wait 
 Ihimark'd, unhouour'd, at a monarch's gate ; 
 Instant he flew with lio.spitable haste. 
 And the new friend with courteous air emb.'ac'd. 
 
 Pope 
 I'nstant. n. s. [instant, Fr.] 
 1. Instant is such a part of duration 
 wherein we perceive no succession. 
 
 Lorke. 
 
 There is scarce an itistant between their f^ourish- 
 iim and their not being. Hooker 
 
 Her nimble body yet in time must move, 
 -And not in instants I'liroiigh all places stiide ; 
 
 But she is nigh and far, beneath, above. 
 In point of time, which thought cannot divide. 
 
 Dorics. 
 
 At any instant of time the moving atom is but 
 in one single point cf the line ; therefore all but 
 
 6L 992
 
 I N S 
 
 tliat one point is elllier future cr past, and no other 
 ^ parts are cu-existeiit or contemporary witli it. 
 
 Bentiey's So-mons. 
 
 2, A particular time. 
 
 I can at any unseasonable instant of tl.e nie'it 
 appoint hei to look out at lier lady's chaiuber win- 
 dow. Skakesp. 
 
 3. It is used in low and commercial lan- 
 guage for a day of the present or current 
 month. 
 
 On the twentieth instant it is my intention to 
 erect a lion's heiid. Addison's Guardian. 
 
 Instanta'neous. adj. [htsfantancns, 
 Lat.] Done in an instant ; acting at 
 once without any perceptible succeisiuii ; 
 acting with the utmo:3t speed ; done 
 with the utmost speed. 
 
 This manner of the beginning or ceasing of tlie 
 leluge doth not at ail agree witli the instantaneous 
 act.ions of creation and annilnlation.JSiinu-fs Thco. 
 
 The rapid radiance instantaneous strikes 
 Th' iiiuiuiu'd mountain. llwmson. 
 
 I^STANTA'NEOUSLY. adv. [from instiui- 
 
 tafieous.] In an indivisible point of 
 
 time. 
 
 What I had heard of the raining of frogs came 
 to my thuughts, there being reason to conclude 
 tliat those came from the clouds, or were instanta- 
 neouslq generated. Derham. 
 
 I'nstantly. adv. [instantcr, Lat.] 
 3. Immediately; without any perceptible 
 intervention of time. 
 
 In a great uhale, the sense and the effects of any 
 one part of the body instantly make a transcur- 
 sion throuL'hout the whole body. Bacons Nat. Hist. 
 
 Sleep instantlu full on me. Milton. 
 
 As sev'ral wiiiJs arise, 
 Jttst so their natures alter Instantly. May's Virgii. 
 
 2. With urgent importunity. 
 
 To Insta'te. v. a, [in and state.] 
 
 1. To place in a cei-tain rank or condition. 
 
 This kind of conquest docs only instate the vic- 
 tor in these rights, which the conquered prince 
 iiad. Hale. 
 
 Had tiiis glisteri'i^ monster been born to thy 
 poverty', he coiild not have been so bad ; nor, 
 jieriiaps, had thy birth instated tlit-e in the same 
 greatness, wuuhlst thou have been better. South. 
 
 The first of them being eminently holy and dear 
 to God, should derive a blessing to his posterity 
 on that account, and prevail at last to l)ave them 
 also accepted as holy, and instated in the favour of 
 God, Atterbury. 
 
 2. To invest. Obsolete, 
 
 For his possessions, 
 Although by confiscaiiun they are ours. 
 We do instate and widow you wilhal. Shakesp. 
 
 Instaura'tion. m. s. [hist attrat ion, Fr. 
 insfauratioy I/dt.] Restoration ; repa- 
 ration; renewal. 
 
 Instead of. prep. [A word formed by 
 the coalition of in and steady place.] 
 
 1. In room of; in place of 
 
 They msfeat/ o/^' fruit 
 Cliew'd bitter ashes. Milton. 
 
 Vary the form of speech, and instead cf \.\\g word 
 chnrcri make it a question in politicks, whether 
 the monument be in danger. SwiJ't. 
 
 2. Equal to. 
 
 This very consideration to a wise man is instead 
 of H (housaiul argumeTits, to satisfy him, that, in 
 those times, no such thing was believed. Tillotson. 
 
 S. Instead is sometimes used without of* 
 In the place ; in the room. 
 
 He in derision st:ts 
 Upon their tongues a various spirit, to rase 
 Quite i>ut their native language, and instead 
 iu sow a jangling noise uf tongues unknown. M//(. 
 To Instk'ep. u. a [inandsttcp,] 
 1. To soak ; to macerate in moisture. 
 
 I N S 
 
 SnlTulk first died, and York, all haggled over, 
 Comes tu him where in gore he lay instecp\l. Shak. 
 2. Lying under water. 
 
 The guttered rocks, and congregated sands, 
 Traitors iJisteq/d to clog the gudtless keel.Slmkesp. 
 
 I'nstep. n.s. [in and sffp.] The upper 
 part of the foot where it joins to the leg. 
 Thecaliga was a nnlitary shoe with a very thick 
 sole, tied above the instep witli leather thongs. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 To I'NSTIGATE. v. a. [insfigo, Lat. in- 
 
 stigmr, Fr.J To urge to ill ; to provoke 
 
 or incite to a crime. 
 Instiga'tioN-w. 5. [instigation^ Fr. from 
 
 instigate.} Incitement to a crime; en- 
 
 couraoement ; impulse to ill. 
 
 \\'hy, what need we 
 Conunune with you of this ? But rather follow 
 Our forceful instigation. Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 
 It was partly by the instigation of some factious 
 maJecontents that bare principal stroke amongst 
 them. Bacon. 
 
 Shall any man, that wilfully procures the cut- 
 ling of whole armies to pieces, set up for an in- 
 nc.cent ? As if the lives that were taken away by 
 his ijistigation were nut to be cliarged upon his ac- 
 count. U Estrange. 
 
 We have an abridgement of all ttie baseness and 
 villainy that both the corruption of nature and the 
 instigation of tlie devil could bring the sons of men 
 to. South. 
 
 Instigator, n. s. \instigatem\ Fr. from 
 instigate.'] Inciter to ill. 
 
 The sea of blood is enough to drown in eternal 
 misery the malicious author or instigator of its ef- 
 fusion, ■'^'"j? Charles. 
 
 Either the eagerness of acquiring, or tlic revenge 
 of missing dignities, have been the great iusti^'ators 
 of ecciesiastick feuds. Decay of Piety. 
 
 To INSTI'L. V. a. [instillo, Lat. instilicr, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1. To infuse by drops. 
 
 He from the well of life tliree drops imtiird. 
 
 Mi'livi. 
 
 2. To insinuate any thing imperceptibly 
 into the mind ; to infuse. 
 
 Though assemblies be Imd indeed for religion's 
 sake, hurtful nevertheless they may easily prove, 
 as well in regard of their fitness to serve the turn 
 of hereticks, and such as privily will soonest ad- 
 venture to instil their poison into men's minds. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 He had a farther design to instil and insinuate 
 good instruction, by contributing to men's hap- 
 piness in this present life. Calamy. 
 
 Those heathens did in a particular manner instil 
 the principle into their children of loving their 
 country, which is far otherwise now-a-days. Swift. 
 
 Instilla'tion. n.s. [instillatio, Lat. 
 from instil.] 
 
 1. The act of pouring in by drops. 
 
 2. The act of infusing slowly into the mind. 
 
 3. The thing infused. 
 
 They imbitter the cup of life by insensible in- 
 stiUafwjis. Rambler. 
 
 Insti'lment. n. s. [from instil.] Any 
 thing instilled. 
 
 The leperous instilment. Shakesp. 
 
 Insti'nct. adj. [instinct, Fr. instinctus, 
 Lat.] Moved ; animated. A word not 
 in use. 
 
 Forth rush'd with wliirlwind sound 
 'I'hc chariot of paternal deity. 
 Flashing thick flames, wheel within wheel undrawn, 
 
 Itself instinct with spirit, but convoy *d 
 By four cherubick shapes. Milton. 
 
 I'NSTINCT. w. s. [instinct, Fr. instinctus, 
 Lat. This word had its accent formerly 
 on the last syllable.] Desire or aversion 
 acting in the mind without the interven- 
 
 I N S 
 
 tion of reason or delibeialion ; the power 
 of determining the will of brutes. 
 
 In him they fear your Iiiyhness' death ; 
 And mere instinct of love and loyally 
 Slakes them thus forward in his bamshment.6'/(aA:. 
 
 Thou knowest I am as valiant as Hercules ; but 
 beware instinct ; the lion will not touch the true 
 prince: t/i5(/HC/ is a great matter. Iwasacoward 
 on instinct : 1 shall think the better of nivself and 
 thee, during m3' life j I foravaliant lion.'and thee 
 foi- a true prince. Sliake&p. Jienrij IV. 
 
 But providence or instinct of nature seems," 
 Or reason though disturb'd, and scarce consulted. 
 To have guided me aright. Milton s Aoonistts. 
 
 Nature first pointed out my Fortius to nie, 
 And easily taught me by her secret force 
 To love thy person, ere I knew thy merit ; 
 Till what was instinct grew up into friendship. 
 
 Addison, 
 The philosoplier avers. 
 That reason guides our deed, and instinct theirs. 
 Instinct and reason how shall we divide? Pi'wr. 
 
 Reas(in serves when press'd ; 
 But honest instinct comes a volunteer. Pope. 
 
 Insti'ncted. adj. [instinctus, Lat.] Im- 
 pressed as an animated power. This, 
 neither musical nor proper, was perhaps 
 introduced by Bentley. 
 
 What native unexttnguishable beauty must be 
 impressed and instincted through the whole, which 
 the defedation of so many parts by a bad printer 
 and a worse editor could not hinder from shining 
 lorth ! Bentley s Preface to Milton. 
 
 Insti'nctive. adj. [from instinct.] Act- 
 ing without the application of choice or 
 reason ; rising in the mind without ap- 
 parent cause. 
 
 Rais'd 
 By quick instinttiL'e motion, up I sprung. 
 As thitherward endeavouring. Miltfm. 
 
 It will be natural that Ulysses' mind should for- 
 bodc ; and it appears that the instinctive presage 
 was a favourite oj>inion of Homers. Broome. 
 
 Instinctively, adv. [from instinctive.^ 
 By instinct; by the call of nature. 
 
 The very rats 
 Instinctively bid i|uitit. Shakesp. Tempest. 
 
 To INSTITUTE, v. ?i. [instiiuo, insfitu- 
 ium, Lat. instil uer, Vr.] 
 
 1 . To fix ; to establish ; to appoint ; to en- 
 act ; to settle ; to prescribe. 
 
 God then instituted a law natural to be observed 
 by creatures ; and therefore, according to the man- 
 ner of laws, the institution thereof is described as 
 being established by solemn injunction. Hooker. 
 
 Here let us breathe, and haply institute 
 A course of learning, and ingenuous studies. SSafc. 
 
 To the production of the effect they are deter- 
 mined by the la%vs of their nature, instituted and 
 imprinted on them by inimitable wisdom. Halt. 
 
 The theocracy of the Jews w as instituted h^ Gad 
 hiiiiself. Templf. 
 
 To institute a court and country party without 
 materials, would be avery new system in politicks. 
 
 Smft. 
 
 2. To educate ; to instruct ; to form by in- 
 struction. 
 
 If children were early instituted knowledge 
 would insensibly insinuate itself. Decay of Piety. 
 
 I'nstitute. n. s. [institut, Fr. institutum, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Established law ; settled order. 
 
 This law, though custom now directs the course. 
 As nature's instii'iite, is yet in force, 
 Uncancel'd, though disused. _ Drydeu. 
 
 2. Precept ; maxim ; principle. 
 
 Thou art pale in mighty studies grown, 
 To make the Stoick institutes thy own. Dryden. 
 
 Institution, n. s. [institution, Fr. insti- 
 tutio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Act of establishing. 
 
 2. Establishment; settlement. 
 
 99^
 
 I N S 
 
 The institution of God's law is described as he- 
 ing established b^ soieniu injunction. Hooker. 
 
 It became liini b^ whom all thinj:s are, to be 
 Ihe -way of salvation to all, that ihe institution nutl 
 restitution of the world might be both wroUi:h[ 
 with one hand. Hooker. 
 
 This unlimited power placed fundamentally in 
 the body of a people, is what legislators have en- 
 deavoured in their several schemes or i;<s(i(H((")i5 of 
 povemnient, to deposit in such bands as wiaifd 
 preserve the people. Swift 
 
 3. Positive law. 
 
 They quarrel sometimes witii the execution of 
 laws, and sometimes witli the instituti'm. Ttmple. 
 
 Ihe huliiiess uf tlie first fruits and the lump is 
 an holiness merely of imtilutton, outward and no- 
 minal ; whereas the holiness of the root is an lio- 
 iiness of nature, inherent and real. Atterbnrv. 
 
 The law and insittution founded by Mtjses was 
 to establish re!if:fion, and to have mercy and pe^ce 
 known to the whole earth. Forbes. 
 
 4. Education. 
 
 After baptism, when it is in infancy received, 
 succeeds instruction and institution in the nature 
 and several branches of that vow, which was made 
 at the font, in a short intelligible manner. Hmn 
 
 It is a necessary piece of Providence in the in- 
 stitution of our children, to train them up to some- 
 what in their youth, that may honestly entertain 
 them in their age. VEttrange. 
 
 His learning was not the effect of precept or 
 institution. Bentleu- 
 
 Jnstitu'tionary. odj. [from instiiu- 
 
 Hon.] Elemental; containing the first 
 
 doctrines, or principles of doctrine. 
 
 That it wab not out of fashion Aristotle declar- 
 cth in ins politicks, among the institutionaru ru\es 
 of youth. Brown. 
 
 I'xsTiTUTOR. w. s. [institnteur, Fr. insii- 
 (iilor, Lat.] 
 
 1. An establisher; one who settles. 
 
 It mijilit have succeeded a little better, if it had 
 pleased the inslitutors of the civil months of the 
 sun to have ordered them alternately odd and 
 even. Holder on Time. 
 
 2. Instructor; educator* 
 
 I he two great aims which every in'^titntor of 
 youth should mainly and intentionally drive at. 
 
 Walker. 
 
 rNSTiTUTiST. n. J. [from insfifute.] 
 Writer of institules, or elemental in- 
 structionR. 
 
 Green gyll the in5(iVj/(ists would persuade us to be 
 an effect of an over-hot stomach. Hanei] on Cons. 
 
 To Insto'p. v. a. [in and stop.] To close 
 up ; to stop. 
 
 With boiliTit; pitch another near at liand 
 The seams iustops. Drydens Ann. Mirab. 
 
 To INS'MIUCT. ?'. a. participle preterite, 
 tnsfnicfcd or insti'iict, [instnw, Lat. in- 
 sfruircj Fr.] 
 
 1. T'o teach ; to fonii by precept ; to inform 
 authoritatively ; to educate ; to institute; 
 to direct. 
 
 Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, 
 til at he might instruct thee. Vcitt. iv. 36. 
 
 His God doth instruct liim to discretion, and 
 doth teach him. ha. xxviii. 26. 
 
 Chenaniah, chief of the Levi tes, instructed -ilnait 
 the song, because he was skilful. 1 Chron. xv. 'j2. 
 
 Thou apjirovest the things that are more e\cel- 
 'ent, being instructed oat of the law. Uoni. ii. 18. 
 
 Instruct me, for thou knowest. Milton. 
 
 He ever by consulting at thy .shrine 
 Ileturn'd the wiser, or the more instnict 
 To fly or follow what concern'd him most. I\Ii!ton. 
 
 2. It has commonly in before the thing 
 tau,:jht. 
 
 Tiiey that were instructed in the songs of the 
 Lord were two liundred fourscore and eight. 
 
 1 Chron. 
 
 'J'hese are the things wherein Solomon was in- 
 strutted fur building ofthehouae of God. ?. Chrmi. 
 
 I N S 
 
 3. To model; to form. Little in use. 
 
 'I'hey s[>eak t'l the merits (jf a cau'«e, after the 
 proctor had [irepared and ijistructed the same f<ira 
 iicaring before the judge. Aylife. 
 
 Instrl'cter. n. s. [fnmi instinct.] A 
 teacher ; an instil uter; one who delivers 
 precepts or imp;;rts knowledge. It is 
 often written Instructor. 
 
 1 hough you have ten thousand instructors in 
 Christ. 1 Cor. iv, Ij. 
 
 .\fler tlie flood arts to Chaldea fell, 
 Tlie father of the faitht'ul there did dwell, 
 \^ \\ » both thtir [larent and instrtictffr wn'^.lJenham.. 
 
 th(tu, who future things can'st re, resent 
 
 As present, heav'niy imtnictor ! Milton 
 
 Poets, the first instructors of mankind, 
 Brought all things to ihtir native proper use. 
 
 lioscomtnon. 
 
 They see how they are beset on every side, not 
 only « ith temptations, hutiH-sIi-ucfors Ui vice.Loc/ve. 
 
 Several instructors were disposed amongst this 
 little helpless people. Addii>"n. 
 
 We have precepts of duty given us by (air in- 
 structors. Rogers. 
 
 Instruction, w. 5. [instnudon, Fr. 
 from instruct.] 
 
 1. 'The act of teaching; information. 
 
 It lies on 30U to 5[ieak, 
 Not hy your own instruction, nor by any m;tt(er 
 \\ hicn your heart prumpts you to. Uliukesp. 
 
 W'e are beholden to Ju'licious writers of jiM 
 ages, for thoi^e discoveries and dibcoiirses they 
 have left behind them for our instruction. Locke. 
 
 2. Precepts conveying knowledge. 
 
 Will ye not receive instruction to hearken to re- 
 ceive my words ? Jer. xxxv. 
 
 On ev'ry thorn delightful wisdom grows. 
 In ev'ry stream a sweet instruction flows ; 
 liut some untaught o'erhear the whi^p'ring rill. 
 In spite of sacred leisure, blockheads siill. Y'oun^. 
 
 S. Authoritative information ; mandate. 
 
 See this dispatched with all the haste thou can'st ; 
 Anon I'll give tiiee more instruction. Shukesp. 
 
 Instructive, adj, [from instinct; in- 
 strnctif, Fr.] Conveying knowledge. 
 
 With variety of instructive expressions by speech 
 mnn alone is endowed. Holder. 
 
 1 would not laugh bvit to instruct ; or if inv 
 mirth ceases to be instructive, it shall never cease 
 to be innocent. Addison. 
 
 INSTRUMENT, n.s. [instrumtnt, Fr- 
 
 instrument umy Lat.] 
 
 1 . A tool used for any work or puq^ose. 
 
 If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so 
 that he die, he is a murderer. Numh xxxv. 16. 
 
 \\ hat artiticial frame, what instrument, 
 Did one superior geiiius e'er invent j 
 \\ hich to the mu^cle3 is preferr'd ? Blackmoi-e. 
 
 Box is useful for turners and instrument makers, 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. A frame constructed so as to yield har- 
 monius sounds. 
 
 He that striketh an instrument with skill, may 
 cause notwithstanding a very pleasant sound, if 
 the string whereou he strikctli chance to be capa- 
 ble of harmony. Hooker. 
 
 She taketh most deliglit 
 In musick, instruments and poetry. Skakesp. 
 
 In solitary groves he makes his moan. 
 Nor, mix'd in nurth, in \ (Uithful pleasure shares. 
 But sighs wlieu songs and instruments he hears. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 3. A writing containing any contract or 
 order. 
 
 He called Edna his wife, and took pnper, and 
 did write an instrument of covenants, and sr.dtd 
 it. Tobias. 
 
 i. The agent. It is used of persons as well 
 as things, but of persons very often in 
 an ill sense. 
 
 ]f, h:tply, you my father do suspect. 
 An instrument of tlii? ypur calling back, 
 Lay not your blame on me. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 INS 
 
 5. That by means whereof something is 
 done. 
 
 J he gods wraild not have delivered a soul into 
 the body which hath ar us and legs, oidy irufru- 
 ments <»f doing ; but that it were intended the 
 mind should t-mplov them. Sidney. 
 
 All voluntary belf-deni.tis and austerities which 
 Christianity com mend b becuinc necessary, not 
 simpK for t einselves, but as irutrummts towards 
 a hiiiher end. Decttvqf Piety. 
 
 Keputatioii is the smallest sacrifice those can 
 make us, whu have been the instruments uf our 
 ruin. Swift. 
 
 I'here is one thing to he considered roncenung 
 reason, wheiher *»Nlio<:isni be the proper instru- 
 ment of U, and the u^efullest way of excFcisiiig 
 this faculty. Locke. 
 
 G. One who acts only to serve the purposes 
 
 of another. 
 
 He scarcely knew what was done in his own 
 chamber, but as it jduased her instruments to frame 
 themselves. Sidney. 
 
 Ail the instruments which aided to expose the 
 child, were fveu then lo^t wIk-u it was found. .yja^. 
 
 In benefits as well a'l injuries, it is the principal 
 that we arc lo considei, not the itutrument; that 
 which a man does by another, is in truth his own 
 act. V Estrange. 
 
 The bold are but the instruments of the wise, 
 Tliey undertake the dangers they advice. Drydcn. 
 
 Instrume'ntal. adj. [inslrumenial, Fr. 
 
 instrument urn, Lat.] 
 
 1. Conducive as means to some end; or- 
 gan ical. 
 
 All Sicnnd and instrumental c^xaes, without that 
 operative faculty which Gud ^ave them, would 
 become altogether silent, virtueless, and dead. 
 
 JlaUigh. 
 
 Pra3*er, which is instrumental to every thing, 
 liath a particular promise in this thing. Tayfor. 
 
 It is not an essential part of religiuu, but rather 
 ail auxiliary and instrumental duty. Sfnalridge.' 
 
 1 discern some excellent final causes of con- 
 junction of hodj' and soul : bnt the instrumental I 
 know not, nor uhat invi&ible bauds and fetters 
 unite them together. Beutiey. 
 
 2. Acting to some end ; contributing lo 
 some purpose ; helpful ; used of persons 
 and things. 
 
 The presbyterian merit is of little weight, when 
 thev ailedge themselves instrumental towards th^ 
 restoration. Su:iji. 
 
 3. Consisting not of voices but instruments; 
 produced by instruments, not vocal. 
 
 They wliich, under pretence of ihe law ceremo- 
 nial abrogated, require the abrogation of inslni' 
 menial mus'ck, apprttviug neveriheless thv use of 
 vueal melody to remain, must shew some reason, 
 wherefore tlie one should be thought a legal cere- 
 mony and not the other. Hooker, 
 
 Oft in bands. 
 While tliey keep watch, or iiightly rounding walk, 
 With iieav'nly touch of i^wfritincHla/ sounds. 
 In full harmonious number juin'd, their songs 
 Divide the night, and lift our thoughts toheav*n. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Sweet voices, niixt witli instrumental sounds. 
 Ascend the vaulted roof, the vaulted roof re- 
 bounds. Drydcn. 
 
 Instrvmenta'lity. n. s. [from instru- 
 mcntnf.] Subordinate agency ; agency 
 of any thing as means to an end. 
 
 1 hose natural and involuntary actings are not 
 done bv deliberation and formal cnnuand, \et 
 the}- are done by the virtue, energy, and intlux uf 
 the soul, and the iH5frwnien(u/i(i/ of the spitiis.//.jZ^. 
 
 Instrume'NTALLY. adv. [from instrtf- 
 mental.] In the naliu-e of an instru- 
 ment ; as rncans to an end. 
 
 Man's well-being here in this life is b:it ri^tru- 
 mentiill u iiood, as being the means for hi '- t ■ We 
 well in'tlie next life. i^'^^lT-
 
 I N S 
 
 Habitual preparation for the sacrament consists 
 in a standiiiir, ptTinatient Imbit, or principle of 
 holruess, wrou^lit cliicfly by God's spirit, and /?i- 
 SLrumentally hy his word, in the heart or soul of 
 man. Scuth. 
 
 Instrume'ntalness.?j.s. [from insiru- 
 niftifal.] Usefulness as means to an end. 
 
 The inMrianentalncss of riches to works of cha- 
 rity, iias rendered it very political, in every Chris- 
 lian commonwealth, by laws to settle and secure 
 propriety. Hammond. 
 
 Insu'fferable. adj. [in and suffcrable.] 
 J. Intolerable; insupportable; intense bt> 
 yond endurance. 
 
 The one is oppressed willi CiHsiaiJ h'-nt, .ihe 
 Other with insufferable cold. Brown's Vvl •■nr Err. 
 
 Eves lliat confess'd liini born for kinjiiy sway. 
 So iii^rce, they Hash'd insujferable day. Vnjden. 
 
 Though great light be insufferable to our eyes, 
 yet theliignest dnnree of darkness does nut at all 
 disease them ; because that causing no disordeil^' 
 motion, leaves that curious organ uidiarnied. Loc/cc. 
 
 2. Detestable ; contemptible ; disgusting 
 bej'ond endurance. 
 
 A multitude of scribblers, who daily pester the 
 world with their imufferabie stulf, shouid be dis- 
 couraged from wriiing any more. Drpdcn. 
 
 Insu'fferably. adv [from in suffer able. 1 
 To a degree beyond endurance 
 
 Those Iieav'niy shapes ' 
 AVil! dazzle now this earthly, with their blaze 
 Insufferably bright. Miltcm. 
 
 Tfierc is no person remarkably ungrateful, who 
 was not also insufferably proud. South. 
 
 Insuffi'cience. \ 71- s. [ins7{fficie7ice,Yr. 
 
 Insuffi'ciency. J in and sufficient.'] 
 
 Inadequateness to any end or purpose ; 
 
 want of requisite value or power; used 
 
 of tliinj;^s and persons. 
 
 The uiinisler's aptness or insufficiency, otlierwise 
 than by reading to instruct tlie flock, statideth in 
 this pface as a stranger, with whom our f'>riit of 
 common prayer hath nothing to do. Hooker. 
 
 The insufuciencv ri the light cf nature Is, by liie 
 liaht of scripture^ so fully sup|;Iied, that further 
 lii;ht ihan this hath adcleil, there aoth nut need 
 uiiio lliai end. Hooker. 
 
 We will give you sleepy drinks, that your 
 senses, unintelligent of our hisufficience, ma^', 
 though they cannot praise us, as Uttle accuse ui. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Till ex])erience had discovered their defect arid 
 iTZSufiicicncy, 1 did certainly conclude them to be 
 infallible. JVilkins. 
 
 Consider the pleas made use of to this purpose, 
 and shew the insufficiency and weakness of them. 
 
 Atterbury. 
 
 Insuffi'cient. adj. [instffficiens, Fr. in 
 and snffi.cient.'] inadequate to any need, 
 use, or purpose ; wanting abilities; inca- 
 pable ; unfit. 
 
 'J'he bishop to whom they shall be presented, 
 ma^' justly reject them as incapable and insuffi- 
 cient. Spenser. 
 
 We are weak, dependant creatures, insufficient 
 to our own happiness, full of wants whicli of our- 
 selves we cannot reheve, exposed to a numerous 
 train of evils which we know not how to divert. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Fasting kills by the bad state, not by the insu§i~ 
 cieyit quantity of fluids. Arbuthnot on Alimetits. 
 
 Insuffi'ciently. adv, [from insuffi- 
 cient.'] With want of proper ability ; 
 not skilfully. 
 
 Insuffla'tion. n. 5. [in and sufflo, Lat.] 
 The act of breathing upon. 
 
 imposition of hands is a custom of parents in 
 blessing their cliildren, liut taken up by the apos- 
 tles instead of that divine imufflation which Christ 
 used. idammond's Fundamentals. 
 
 I N S 
 
 I'NSULAR. \adj.\insulaire, Fr. inmla- 
 I'nsulary.j ris, Lat.] Belonging to 
 an island. 
 
 Driiina, being surrounded witii the sea, is hard- 
 ly to be invaded, having niauy other i«su/uri/ ad- 
 vantages. Howel. 
 
 1'nsulated. adj. [insula, Lat] Not con- 
 tiguous on any side. 
 
 Insu'lse. nr/j. [insulsus, Lat.] Dull ; insi- 
 pid ; heavy. Diet. 
 
 i'NSULT. n. s. [insiilHis, Lat. insitlte, Fr.] 
 
 1 . The ret of leaping upon any thing. In 
 thi< sense i! has the accent on the last 
 syikble: the sense is rare. 
 
 'ihe Lull's insult at four slie may sustain, 
 But after ten from nu])tial rites refrain. Dri/den. 
 
 2. Act or speech of insolence or contempt. 
 
 Tlie ruljiless sneer that insult adds to grief. 
 
 Savage. 
 Take tlie sentence seriously, because railleries 
 are an insult on the unfortunate. 
 
 Bromne rnithe Odyssey. 
 
 To INSU'LT. V. a. [insulltr, Fr. imulto, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To treat with insolence or contempt. It 
 is used sometimes with over, sometimes 
 without a preposition. 
 
 'i'he poet makes his liero, after he was clutled 
 by tlie deatli nf Hector, aiij the lioiiour he did 
 his friend by insulting .m'.er liis murderer, to be 
 moved by tlie tears of liiiig Priam. Pope. 
 
 2. To trample upon ; to triumph over. 
 
 It pleas'd the kinp his master very lately 
 To strike at lue upon his miscoiistruciion ; 
 When he conjunct, and flatt'iin- his displeasure, 
 Tript me behind ; beinii down, insulted, rail'd. 
 And [)ut upon him suciv a deal of man, 
 'that wnrtliied Iiim. Shahesp. Kh^ Leiir. 
 
 So 'scapes the insulting 6re his narrow jail. 
 And makes small outlets into open air. Diydin. 
 
 Ev'n when they sine at casein fidl content, 
 lusnltiu^ a'er the toil they unVerwent, 
 Vet slill they find a future ta;k remain, 
 To turn tlie soil. Ih-yden's Ti;'^^:!. 
 
 Insu'ltek. n. s. [fromin.tnll.'] One who 
 treats another with insolent triumph. 
 
 Ev'n man, the nierciless insnltev man, 
 ]\r.in, who rejoices in our sex's weakness, 
 Shall pity thee. Howe's Jane Slmre. 
 
 Insu'ltingly. adv. [from insulting.'] 
 Wilh contemptuous triumph. 
 
 Insultingly, be made your love his boast, 
 Gave nie my life, and told me what it cost. Dryd. 
 
 Insupeeabi'lity. w. •?. [from insupera- 
 ble.] The quality of being invincible. 
 IKSVVEKABLE. adj. [insuperabilis,Lat.] 
 Invincible; insurmountable; not to be 
 conquered ; not to be overcome. 
 
 'I'his appears to be an insuperable objection, be- 
 cause of the evidence that sense seems to give it. 
 Di^by on Bodies. 
 IVIuch might be done, would wc but endeavour; 
 nothing is insuperable to pains and patience. Ray. 
 
 And middle natures how they long to join. 
 Yet never jiass th' itisiiperaiiie line. Pope. 
 
 Insu'perableness. 71. s. [from insupe- 
 rable.] Invinciblcness ; impossibility to 
 be surmounted. 
 
 Insu'perably. adv. [from insuperable.] 
 Invincibly ; insurmountably. 
 
 Between the grain and the vein of a diamond 
 there is this difference, that the former furthers, 
 the latter, being so iiunperaWi/ hard , hinders the 
 splitting of it. Greiu's Rlusenm. 
 
 INSUPPo'rtaele. adj. [insupportable, 
 
 I N T 
 
 Fr. in and mpporlable.] Intolerable ; 
 insufferable ; not to he endured. 
 
 A disL'race put upon a iii.-i in company is ij»- 
 supportahte ; it is heii;hleliLd according to the 
 trcalness, and multiplied according to the num- 
 ber, ot the persons that hear. South. 
 
 The baser the enemies are, the more insnpporttt- 
 ble is the insolence. L'EstrauKe. 
 
 The thought. ot being nothing after de;iih is a 
 burden insupportable to a virtuous man ; we n;;ti>- 
 rally aim at happiness, and cannot bear to have it 
 confined lootir present being. Dryder. 
 
 To tiiose that dwell under or near the Equator, 
 this spring would he a most pestilent and insup- 
 portable Stmimer ; and as for those cntiiitries tint 
 are nearer the Poles, a perpetual Spring will not 
 do their business. Bcntley. 
 
 Insuppo'rtableness. 71. s. [from insup- 
 portable.] Insufferableness ; the state 
 of being beyond endurance. 
 
 'I'hen fell she to so pitiful a declaration of the 
 insuppartablcTiess of her desires, that Dorus's ears 
 procured his eyes wilh tears t<j give testimony 
 h('W much they suirered for her suffering. Siduei;. 
 
 Insuppo'rtably. adv. [from insupport- 
 able] Beyond endurance. 
 
 But safest lie who stoo i aloof, 
 When ijisupportaiily his foot advanc'd, 
 In scorn <if their proud aims, and vsiiriike tools, 
 Spurn'd thera to death by troops. Milton's Ago^t. 
 
 'I'he first day's audience sutficienlly convinc'd 
 rae, that the poem was ijisupportubly too long. 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 Insurmo'untable. adj. [insurmontable, 
 
 Fr. ill and surmountable.] Insuperable ; 
 unconquerable. , 
 
 Tliis difficulty is in'.urmwintable, till I can roske 
 simplicity and variety the same. Locke. 
 
 llope thinks nothing difficult ; despair tells u?, 
 that dilHcuity h insurinottntabU'. M'atts. 
 
 Insurmo'untably. adv. [from im-ur- 
 mountable.] Invincibly; unconquer- 
 ably. 
 
 I.nsurke'ction. 71. .5. [/?;s7/j-o-o, Lat.] A 
 seditious rising' ; a lebellious commotion. 
 
 Between the acting of a dreadful thing. 
 And the first motion, all the interim is 
 Like a phanlasin;i, or a hideous dream ; 
 The genius and the mortal instruments 
 Are then in council ; and the state of man. 
 Like to a little kingdom, suffers then 
 The nature of an insurrectirm. Shakesp. J. Caesar. 
 
 'ibis city of old time hath made insnin-ectu'ii 
 against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have 
 been made therein. P.zra. 
 
 Ti ere shall be a great iasun-ecfimi upon those 
 that fear the Lord. 'i F.sd. xvi. 70. 
 
 /nsujTCciimis of base people are commonly more 
 furious in their beginnings. Bacon's Hen. 'Vil. 
 
 The trade of Rome had liked to have suiTered 
 another great stroke by an insurrection in F.gypt. 
 
 Arbuthnot^ 
 
 Insussuea'tion. n. s. [insusurro, Lat] 
 
 The act of whispering into something. 
 Inta'ctible. adj. [in and factum, Lat.] 
 Not perceptible to the touch. Die*. 
 INTAGLIO, n. s. [Ital.] Any thing that 
 has figures engraved on it. 
 
 We meet wilh the figures which Juvenal de- 
 scribes on antique intagiios and medals. 
 
 Addison on Italy. 
 
 Inta'stable. adj. [in and taste.] Not 
 raising any sensations in the organs of 
 taste. A word not elegant, nor used. 
 
 Something which is invisible, intustable, and in- 
 tangible, as existing only in the fancy, may pi" 
 duce a pleasure superior to that of sense. Gnw. 
 
 INTEGER, n. s. [Lat.] The whole of 
 any thing. 
 
 990
 
 T N T 
 
 As not only signified a piece of money, bnt any 
 iiKcger; froiii wliciice is derived the word iicc, or 
 unit. Arbuthnot. 
 
 I'ntegral. arlj. [integral, Fr. intigcr, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Wliole: applied to a thin" considered 
 as comprising all its constituent parts. 
 
 A locnl motion keepelh liodies iiiterai, and 
 their parts luij'-'lln^''- Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 2. Uninjured; complete; not defective. 
 
 Nu uoMcier if one remain speecliless, tlioiii;h of 
 integrut principles, wliu, from an infant, should lie 
 bred u,j amoiifst mutes, and liavc no leacliing. 
 
 ' hUdei: 
 
 S. Not fractional ; not broken into fi-actions. 
 
 Integral, n. s. The whole made up of 
 
 parts. 
 
 Plivsicians, by tlie liclp of anatomical dissec- 
 tions," have searched into those various meanders 
 of tile veins, arteries, nerves, and integrals of the 
 human body. Hule. 
 
 Consider the infinite complications and combi- 
 nations of several concurrences to the constitutiiu 
 ivnd ooeralion of almost every intcf!;ral in nature. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 A mathematical whole is better called inlei^ral, 
 when tlie several parts, which make up the wliole, 
 are distinct, and each may subsist apart. Il'al/s. 
 
 Inte'grity. 71. s. [integritc, Fr. intcgri- 
 ias, from inkgcr, Lat.] 
 
 1. Honesty ; uncorrupt mind ; purity of 
 manners ; uncorruptedness. 
 
 Your dishonour 
 Mangles true jud^iment, and bereaves the state 
 Of that inlegritij wliieh should become it. Sliakesp. 
 
 I\Iae(!urt', tills noble passion, 
 Child of integntit, hath from my soul 
 VVip'd the black scruples, reeoncil'd my thnuchfs 
 To thy good truth and honour. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Wliuever has examined both parties cannot go 
 far towards the extremes of either, without vio- 
 lence to his iiitegritif or uiiderstaiidiiig. Swift. 
 
 The libertine," instead of altenipting to corrupt 
 our ititt^rity, will cunceal and disguise his own 
 vices. Rogers. 
 
 2. Purity ; genuine unadulterate state. 
 
 Latiiruacze continued long in its purity and inte- 
 gTitlj. liate. 
 
 S. Intircness ; unbroken; whole. 
 
 *J .ike away this transformation, and there is no 
 cliasiu, nor can ic aricct the integrity of the action. 
 
 Broome, 
 
 Integument, w. s. [integumentiim, in- 
 ttgo, Lat.] Any thing that covers or 
 invelops another. 
 
 He could no more live without his frize coat 
 tlian without his skin : it is not indeed so properly 
 Iiis ci-at, as what the anatomists call one of the 
 integuments of the body. Addison. 
 
 I'NTELLECT. n. s. [intellect, Fr. infcl- 
 lecfii^, Lat.] The intelligent mind ; the 
 power of understanding. 
 
 All heart they live, all head, all eye, all ear, 
 AU intellect, all sense. " Milton. 
 
 All those arts, rarities, and inventions, which 
 Tulgar minds jiaze at, anil the ingenious pursue, 
 aie but tlie rcliques of an intellect defaced with sin 
 and time. South. 
 
 Intelle'ction. n. s. [intellection, Fr. 
 intellectio, Lat.] The act of under- 
 slanding. 
 
 .Simple a))prehension denotes the soul's naked 
 intellection of an object, without either composi- 
 tion or deduction. Glauville^s Scepsis. 
 
 They will say 'tis not the bulk or substance of 
 the animal spirit, but its motion and agility, that 
 produces intellection and sense. Bcntlei/'s Sermons. 
 
 Intelle'ctive. adj. [intellcctif, Fr. from 
 intellect.] Having power to imderstand. 
 
 If a man as intellective be created, then either he 
 
 1 N T 
 
 moans the wliule man, or only that by which he 
 is intelUciirc. Glanville. 
 
 Intellectual, adj. [intellectuel, Fr. in- 
 tellectualis, low Lttt.] 
 
 1. Relating to the understanding ; bekmg- 
 ing to the mind ; transacted by the un- 
 derstanding. 
 
 Religion teaches us to present to God our ho- 
 dies as'well as our souls: if the body serves ihe 
 soul ill actions natural and civil, and intcllccuinl, 
 it must not be eased in the only ollices of religion. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 2. ISIental ; comprising the faculty of un- 
 derstanding; belonging to the inind. 
 
 Logick is to teach us tlie right use of our rea- 
 son, or intellectual powers. 11 allt. 
 
 3. Ideal ; perceived by the intellect, not 
 the senses. 
 
 In a dark vision's inttUectnal scene, 
 Beneath a bow'r for sorrow made. 
 The melancholy Cowley lay. Couiey. 
 
 A train of pl'iantoms In wild order rose. 
 And, joiu'd, this intellectual scene compose. Pope. 
 
 4. Having the power of understanding. 
 
 Anax.igoras and Plato term the Slaker of the 
 woild aii'i;i(t(/crlu.il worker. Hooker. 
 
 Who would lose, 
 Though full of pain, this intrllectunl being, 
 'i'liosc thoughts that wander through eternity 
 To perish rather, swallow'd up and lost, 
 III the wide w.mib of uncreated nitjlit, 
 Devoid of sense and motion ? Millm. 
 
 0. Proposed as the object not of the si-i'ses 
 but intellect : as, Cudnorth names Iiis 
 book the intellectual system of the uni 
 verse. 
 
 Intellectual.?!.*. Intellect; under- 
 standing; ment.tl powers or faculties. 
 This is little in use. 
 
 Her hu^baIld not nigh, 
 Whose hisilicr intellectual inore I shun Milton. 
 ihe fancies of most, like the index of a clock, 
 are moved but liy the inward sprint's of the cor- 
 poreal machine; whieli, even on the most sub- 
 fiiued intellectual, is dangerously influeiilial. 
 
 G/inii)i/fc's.S'ceTis''s. 
 I have not consulted the repute of my intellec- 
 tuals, in bringing their weaknesses into such dis- 
 cerning presences. Glanvilte. 
 
 Inte'lligence. \n. s. [intelligence, Fr. 
 Inte'lligency. J inielligentiei, Lat.] 
 
 1. Commerce of information ; notice ; mu- 
 tual communication ; account of things 
 distant or secret. 
 
 It was perceived there had not been in the ca- 
 tholicks so much foresight as to provide that true 
 intelligence might pass between them of what was 
 done. Hooker. 
 
 A mankind witch ! hence with her, out of door! 
 A most inteUigcncu bawd ! Shake.^n. 
 
 He furnishid his employed men liberally with 
 money, to draw on and reward intelligencts; giv- 
 ing them also in clia;ge to advertise ciuitinually 
 what they found. Bncoii's Henry V II. 
 
 The advertisements of neighbour princes are 
 always to be regarded, for that they receive iii- 
 telligcnce from better authors than persons of infc- 
 rior^iote. Hayicard. 
 
 Let all the passages 
 Be well seciir'd, that no intelligence 
 ]\Iay pass between the prince and them. Denham. 
 
 Those tales had been sung to lull children 
 
 asleep, before ever Berosus set up bis intelligence 
 
 office at Coos. Beiitley. 
 
 '3. Commerce of acquaintance; terms on 
 
 which men live one with another. 
 
 Factious followers are worse to be liked, which 
 follow not upon alleclion to him with whom they 
 range themselves ; whereupon commonly ciisueth 
 that ill intelligence that we see between great per- 
 
 sonages. 
 
 Baci'ii. 
 
 T N T 
 
 He liveil rather in a fair inleUigtnee, than any 
 friendship with the favourites. Clarendon. 
 
 3. Spirit ; unbrxlied mind. 
 
 How fully hast thou satislied me, pure 
 Intelligence of haav'n, ange! I ^ Milton. 
 
 'I'here arc divers rankj of created beings inter- 
 mediate bolwcen the glorious (jod and man, us 
 tlic glorious angels and created inteltigencet. Hale. 
 
 They hoped to get the favour of the houses, and 
 bv Ihe favour of the houses they hoped for that of 
 the intelligences, and by their favour, for that of 
 the supreme God. Stillinglittt. 
 
 The regulariiy of motion, vijible in the great 
 variety and curiosity of bodies, is a demonstra- 
 tion I'hal the whole mass of matter h under the 
 conduct of a mighty intelligence. CoUicr. 
 
 Satan, appearnig like a clierub to Uriel, tlic in- 
 telligence of the sun, circumvented liim even in his 
 own province. Drydcn. 
 
 4. Understanding ; skill. 
 
 Heaps of huge words, ii|> lioarded liideously. 
 They think to be chief praise of poetry 
 Ancf thereby wanting due intelligence. 
 Have marr'ci the face of goodly pwsie. Spemer. 
 
 Inte'lligencer. n. t. [from intelli- 
 gence] One who sends or conveys 
 news ; one who gives notice of private 
 or distant transactions ; one who carries 
 messages between parties. 
 
 HiseXes, being his diligent irild^iencers, conld 
 carry uiito him no othernews but disconrfortable. 
 
 Sidncu. 
 
 How deep you were witliin the books of heav'u? 
 To us, th' imagin'd voice of lieav'n itself.' 
 'I'lie very o; eiier and intelligencer 
 IJetweeii the grace and sanctities of heav'n, 
 And our dull wi;rkiiigs. Shakew. Hen. W. 
 
 if thev had instructions to that purpose, lliey 
 might he the best intelligencers to the king of the 
 true state of his whole kiii'idom. Bactm. 
 
 They are the best sort of intelligencers ; for they 
 have a way into the inmost closeu of princes. 
 
 They have news-gatherers and intelligeiucn, 
 who make them acquainted with tlie conversation 
 of the whole kingdom. Speclnter, 
 
 Inte'lligent. adj. [intelligent, Fr. intel- 
 ligens, Lat.] 
 
 1. Knowing ; instructed ; skilful. 
 
 It is not onlv in order of nature for him to eo- 
 vern that is tlie'more intelligent, as Aristotle would 
 have it ; but there is no less reipiired for govern- 
 ment, courage to protect, and above all honesty. 
 
 Bac*. 
 He of times. 
 Intelligent, th' harsh hyperborean ice 
 Shuns for our equal Winters ; when our suns 
 Cleave the chill'd soil, he backwards winp his 
 wav. PhiW.pi. 
 
 Trace out the numerous footsteps of the pre- 
 sence and interposition of a most wise and intelli- 
 gent architect tlirougliout all this stupendous fa- 
 brick. H'lWuard. 
 
 2. It has of before the thing. 
 
 Intelligent of seasons, they set forth 
 Their airy caravan. JUi«i>n. 
 
 3. Giving information. 
 
 Servants, who seem no less. 
 Which are to France the spies and speculations 
 JnlelHsent of our state. Shakesp. King Letr: 
 
 Intelligential. adj. [from intclii- 
 ge7it.] 
 
 1. Consisting of unbodied mind. 
 
 Food alike those pure 
 Intellgential substances require. 
 As doth your rational. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. 
 
 Ill at his mouth 
 The devil enter'd ; and his brutal sense. 
 His heart or head possessing, soon inspir'd 
 \% ith act in(e//i^'ifn(iul. Miltmi's Par. L»ft. 
 
 iNTELLiGlBi'LlTt. fi. s. [from intelli- 
 gible.] 
 
 99?
 
 I N T 
 
 1. Possibility to be understood. 
 *. The power of understanding; intellec- 
 tion. Not proper. 
 
 Tlie soul's iiHture consists in intelligibility. Glanv. 
 INTE'LLIGIBLE. adj. [inttUlgibk, Fr. 
 intelligibUis, Lat.] To be conceived by 
 the understanding ; possible to be un- 
 derstood 
 
 VVe sliall give satUfaction lo the mind, to shew it 
 a fair and intdiigihle account of ilie dcluge.£{ur7icf. 
 
 Suiiiel!)int! must be lost iu all traiibialions, but 
 the sense will remain, which would otherwise be 
 maimed, wlieu it is scarce intelligible. Dryden. 
 
 Many natural duties relating to God, ourselves, 
 and our neigiibours, would be exceeding difficult 
 for the bulk of niaiikiiid to find out by reason : 
 therefore it has pleased God to express them in a 
 plain manner, intdtii^ibie to souls ut the lowest ca- 
 pacity. Wiitts. 
 
 Inte'lligibleness. 71, s. [from intelli- 
 gible.] Possibility to be understood ; 
 perspicuity. 
 
 It is ia our ideas, tliat both the rightness of our 
 knowledge, and the |>ropriety or intelligibteness of 
 our si-e. iking, cjusists. Locke. 
 
 Inte'li.igibly. adv. [from intelligible.] 
 So as to be understood ; clearly ; plainly. 
 
 The genuine sense, inteUigibtii titid. 
 Shews a translator both discreet and hoid.Boscom. 
 
 To write of metals and ni'mtr-ih intelligibly, is a 
 task mure dithcult tliaii to write of aiiimals. il'oodw. 
 
 Inte'merate. adj. [intemeratuSy Lai.] 
 Undefiled; unpolluted. 
 
 Inte'mperament. n. s. \in and tempera- 
 ment.] Bad constitution. 
 
 Some depend upon the intemperament of the 
 part ulcerated, and others upon the alHu.'c of lacc- 
 rative humours. Harveu '< 
 
 Intemperance. \n. s. [intemperance, 
 Inte'mperancy- J Fr. intemperantia, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. Want of temperance ; want of modera- 
 tion : commonly excess in meat or drink. 
 
 Boundless intemperance 
 In nature is a tyranny. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Another law of Lycurgus induced to intempe- 
 rance, and all kiud-s of incontinency. HakeiciU. 
 . Some, as thou saw'st, by violent stroke shall 
 
 die ; 
 By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance moie 
 In meats and drinks, whicli on the earth shall bring 
 Diseases dire ; of whicli a monstrous crew 
 Before thee shall appear; that thou may'st know 
 What miser}- th' inabstinence of Eve 
 Shall bring on men. Milton. 
 
 The Lacedeniuntans trained up their children to 
 hate drunkenness and intemperance, by bringinu a 
 drunken man into their company. iVatts. 
 
 2. Excessive addiction to any appetite or 
 affection, 
 
 INTEMPERATE, adj. [intemperant, Fr. 
 intemperatus, Lat.] 
 
 L Immoderate in appetite; excessive in 
 meat or drink ; drunken ; gluttonous. 
 
 JMore women should die than men, if the num- 
 ber of burials answered in proportion to that nf 
 sicknesses ; but men, being mure intemperate than 
 women, die as much by reason of then vices, as 
 women do by the infinuity of their ses. Graunt. 
 Notwithstanding all their talk 'if reason and phi- 
 iosophy. and those unanswerable doubts, which 
 over their cups or their cotlee, they pretend lo liave 
 against Christianity ; persuade but the covetous 
 man not to deify his money, the ijitemperate man 
 to abandon his revels, and I dare undertake that 
 all their giantlike objections shall vanish. South. 
 
 2. Passionate ; ungovernable ; without 
 rule. 
 
 You are more intemperate in your blood 
 Than those pamper'd aniiBals, 
 That rage in savage sensuality, Shakesp. 
 
 I N T 
 
 Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing ; for 
 therein is the word of sin. Eccles. xxiii. 13. 
 
 3. Excessive ; excredinjr the just or conve- 
 venient mean ; as, an intemperate cli- 
 maie ; ivs have mteniperate weather. 
 
 Inte'mperatlly. adv. [from intempe- 
 rate.] 
 
 1. With breach of the laws of temperance. 
 
 How grossly do many of us contradict thr plain 
 precepts of ti.e Gospel, by living intemperalelu ur 
 unjustly. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Imraodeiately ; excessively. 
 
 Do not too many believe no religion to he pure, 
 but what is intemperatelij n^id ? Whereas no reli- 
 gion is true, that is not peaceable as well as pure. 
 
 Spratt. 
 
 Inte'mperateness. n.s. [from intem- 
 perate.] 
 
 1. Want of moderation. 
 
 2. Unseasonableness o^ weather. A in sworth. 
 Inte'mperature. n.s. [from intempe- 
 rate.] Excess of some quality. 
 
 Inte'nable. adj. [in and tenable.] In- 
 defensible ; as, an intenable opinion ; an 
 mXex\^h\e J'or tress. 
 
 To INTEND. V. a. [intendo, Lat.] 
 
 1. To stretch out. Obsolete. 
 
 'i'he same advancing high above his head, 
 With sharp intended sting so rude him smote, 
 
 That to the earth him drove, as stricken dead ; 
 Nelivingwight would have him life be'iot. Fuin/tJ. 
 
 2. To enforce ; to make intense ; to strain. 
 
 What seems to be the ground of the assertion, 
 is the magnified quality of this star, conceived to 
 cause or intend the heat of this season, we find that 
 wiser antiquity was not of this opinion. Broicn. 
 
 By this the lungs are intended or remitted. Ha/e. 
 
 This vis inertiie is essential to matter, because 
 it neither can be intended or remitted in the same 
 body ; but is always proportional to tlie quantity 
 of matter. Cheijne. 
 
 Magnetism may be intended and remitted, and 
 is found only in the magnet and in iron. Newtctn. 
 
 3. To regard ; to attend ; to take care of. 
 
 This they should carefully intend, and not when 
 the sacrament is administered, imagine themselves 
 called only to walk up and down iu a white and 
 snining garment. Hooker. 
 
 Having no children, she did with singular care 
 and tenderness intend the education of Philip 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The king prayed them to have patience 'till a 
 little smoak, that was raised ni his country, was 
 over; slighting, .^s tiis manner was, that openly, 
 which nevertl:elcss he intended seriously. Bacon. 
 
 4-. To pay regard or attention to. This 
 sense is now little used. 
 
 'Jhey could not inteiid to the recovery of that 
 
 country of the north. Spenser. 
 
 Neither was there any who might sliare iji the 
 
 government, while the king iutendtd his pleasure. 
 
 Bacons Henry ^'I1. 
 
 The earl was a very acute and sound speaker, 
 
 when he wnuld intend it. IVotton. 
 
 Go therefore, mighty pow'rs ! intend at home, 
 
 \^ hile here shall be our home, what best ma}' ease 
 
 The present misery. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Their heauty they, and we our htves suspend ; 
 
 Nought can our wishes, save thy health, intend. 
 
 IValler. 
 5. To mean ; to design. 
 
 The opinion she had of his wisdom was such, 
 as made her esteem greatly of his words ; but that 
 the words themselves sounded so, as she could 
 not imagine what they intended. Sidnep. 
 
 The gods would not have delivered a soul into 
 the body, which hath arras ?nd legs, only instru- 
 ments of doing, but that it were intended the 
 mind should employ them. Sidney. 
 
 Thou art sworn 
 As deeply to atTect what we intend. 
 As closely to conceal what we impart, Shakesp. 
 
 INT 
 
 According to this mode! Horace writ liis odef 
 and upods; fi,r liis siitires and epistles, being 
 mteniled wholly for instruclioii, required anoihe, 
 '•>'«■ Drudm 
 
 Inte'noant. n. s. [Fr.] An officer of the 
 highest class, wlio oversees any particu- 
 lar allotment of the piiblick busine^s. 
 
 Ne.irclius, wIm cuniiiiamJed Alexander's tiect, 
 and Onesicraies, his iuteudant geiieral of marine, 
 liave both left relations of the Indies. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Intk'ndiment. n.s. ltntendemcnt,VT.\ 
 Attention ; patient hearing ; accurata 
 examination. This word is only to be 
 found in Spenser. 
 Be nought hereat dismay 'd 
 "fill well ye wot, by grave intendiment. 
 What woman, and whtrcfore doth »e upbraid. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Inte'ndment. ti. s. [entendement, Fr.] 
 Intention ; design. 
 
 Out of m_v love to you, I came hither to ac- 
 quaint you withal ; that either jou might stay 
 him from his intendment, or brook such disgracft 
 well as he shall run into. Shakesp. 
 
 All that worship for fear, profit, or some other 
 by-en'l, fall more or less within the intendment ut 
 this emblem. L'Estran<re. 
 
 To Inte'nerate. v. a. [in and (taer,hdt.} 
 To make tender ; to soften. 
 
 Autumn vigour gives. 
 Equal, intenerating, milky grain Phillips. 
 
 Intenera'tion. n. «, [from inte?iirale.\ 
 The act of softening or making tender. 
 
 In livint: creatures the noblest use of nourish- 
 ment is for the proiungation of hfe, restoration of 
 sume degree of youth, and itttencrtition of the 
 parts. Baccm. 
 
 Inte'nible. adj. [in and fenible.] That 
 cannot hold. Not in use. 
 
 I know I love in vain, strive against hope J 
 Yet in this captious and intenibU iieve, 
 I still puur in the waters of njy love. Shakesp. 
 
 INTE'NSE. adj. [iiilensus, Lat.] 
 
 1. Raised to a high degree; strained; 
 forced ; not slight ; not lax. 
 
 To observe the eiierts of a distillL*!ion, prose- 
 cuted with so inteJise and unusual a degree oftfieat, 
 we ventured to come near. BoyU, 
 
 Sublime or low, unbended or intense. 
 The sound is still a comment to the sense. J^osco/n* 
 
 2. ^'ehement ; ardent. 
 
 Hebraisms warm and animate our language, 
 and convey our thoughts in more ardent and in- 
 tense phrases. Addison. 
 
 3. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously attentive. 
 
 But in disparity 
 I'he one intense ; the other still remiss. 
 Cannot well stit with either, but soon prove 
 Tedious alike, Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Intensely, tidv. [from intense.] To a 
 
 great degree ; not sii^litly ; not remissly. 
 
 If an Englishman considers (Hir wurld, how in- 
 
 tenseli^ it is heated, he cannot suppose that it will 
 
 cool again. Addison. 
 
 Inte'nseness. n. s. [from intense.l The 
 state of being enforced in a high degree ; 
 force ; central iety to laxity or remis- 
 sion. 
 
 The water of springs and rivers, that sustains a 
 diminution from the heat above, being evaporated 
 mure or less, in proportion to the greater iir lesser 
 intenseness of heal. Wooduard. 
 
 Intension, n. s. [intension, Fr. i/itensio, 
 Lat.] The act of forcing or straining 
 any thing ; contrariety to remission or 
 relaxation. 
 
 Sounds will he carried further with the wind 
 than against the wind ; and likewise to rise and 
 fall with the trite;ision or remission of the wind. 
 
 Baam. 
 
 998
 
 I X T 
 
 Faith dilfcrs from hope in the extension of its 
 obJL'Ct, and iu the intension of degree. Taylor. 
 
 Inte'nsive. adj. [from intense.] 
 
 1, Stretched or increaseil with respect to 
 itself; that which may admit increase of 
 decree. 
 
 As his perfection is infinitely greater than the 
 perfection of a man, so it is infinitely greater than 
 the perflation of an arij;el : and were it not infi- 
 nitely greater than the perfection of an angel, it 
 could not be infinitely greater than the perfection 
 of a mail, because the intensive distance between 
 the perfection of an angel and of a man is hut 
 finite. Hale. 
 
 2. Intent; unremitted. 
 
 Tired with that assiduous attendance and inten- 
 site ctfcunispecliun, wliich a long fortune did re- 
 quire, lie \tas not unwilling to beslow upon ano- 
 IJier some part of the pains. lVott07i. 
 
 Inte'nsively. adv. By encrease of de- 
 gree. 
 
 God and the good angels are more free than we 
 are, that is, intensively in the degree of freedom; 
 but not extensively in the latitude of the f.bject, 
 according to a liberty of exercise, but not of spe- 
 citicalion Bramhall against Hobbes. 
 
 Inte'nt. adj. [infenti/.s, Lat.] 
 
 J. Anxiously diligent; fixed with close ap- 
 plication : formerly with to. 
 
 Distractions in England made most men intent 
 to their own safety. J^'n^ Charles. 
 
 ?. Commonly with on, 
 
 \\ hen we u?e but those means which God liath 
 laid before us, it is a good sign that we are rather 
 ijitent it]jon God's glory than our own conveniency. 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 The general himself had been more intent upon 
 his couHuand. Clarendon. 
 
 They on their mirth and dance 
 Intent. Milton. 
 
 Of action eager, and intent on thouglit, 
 The chiefs your honourable dani^ersought.D?T/de«. 
 
 ^Ve^e men as intent upon this as on things of 
 lower-cuncernment, there are none so enslaved to 
 the necessities of life, «!io n.iglit not find many 
 vacancies that might be husbanded to this ad- 
 vantage of their kjuwledge. Lncke. 
 
 \Vhil5t they are intent on one particular part of 
 their themi, they bend all their thoughts to prove 
 or disprove some proposition that relates to that 
 part, without aftention lo the consequences that 
 mav ati'ect another. Tlntfi. 
 
 Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning 
 of llie speaker. Watts. 
 
 Inte'nt. n. s. [from intend.] 
 
 1. A design ; a purpose ; a drift ; a view 
 formed ; meaning. 
 
 Although the Scripture of God be stored with 
 infinite variety of matter iu all kinds, altliough it 
 abound with all sorts of laws, yet the principal 
 intent of Scripture is to deliver the laws of duties 
 supernatural. Hooker. 
 
 Whereas commandment was given to destroy 
 all places where the Canaanites had served the 
 gods, this precept had reference unto a special 
 intent and purpose, which was, that there should 
 be but one place whereunto the people niieht 
 bring ofieriugs. Htoker. 
 
 Those that accuse him in his intent towards f>ur 
 wives, are a yoke of his discarded men. Shakesp. 
 
 I'll urge his hatred more to Clarence ; 
 And, if ] fail not in mv deep inteut, 
 Clarence haih not anotlier day to live. Shakesp. 
 
 '1 his fury fit for her intent she chose ; 
 One who delights in wars. Dnjden's J£n. 
 
 The Athenians sent their fleet to Sicily, upon 
 pretence only to assist the Leontines ; but with an 
 intent to make themselves masters of that ishmd. 
 
 Greu:. 
 
 Of darkness visible so much be lent. 
 As half to shew, half veil the deep intent. Dunciad. 
 
 2. To all intents. In all senses, whatever 
 be meant or designed. 
 
 INT 
 
 There is an incurable blindness caused by a re- 
 solution not to see; and, to all intenti niui pur- 
 poses, he wlio will not open his eyes is for the 
 present as blind as he that cannot. South. 
 
 He was miserable to all intents and purposes. 
 
 L" Estrange. 
 
 Inte'ntion.71. s. [intention, Fr. intentio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 1 . Eagerness of desire ; closeness of atten- 
 tion ; deep thought ; vehemence or ar- 
 dour of mind. 
 
 Intention is when the mind with great earnest- 
 ness, and of choice, fixes its view «n any iilca, 
 considers it on every side, and will nr)t be called 
 off by the ordinary solicitation of other ideas. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 EiTectual prayer is joined with a vehement in- 
 tention of the inferior powers of the soul, which 
 cannot therein long continue without pain : it hath 
 been therefore thought good, by turns, to inti-r- 
 posc still somewhat for the higher part of the mind 
 aiid the understanding lowork ufion. Honk. 
 
 She did course o'er my exteriors with sucli a 
 greedy intetition, that the appetite of her eye tlid 
 seem lo scorch me up like a burning-tdass. Shnk. 
 
 In persons possessed with otlier notions of reli- 
 gion, tiie understanding cannot quit these hut by 
 great examination ; which cannot be done with- 
 out some labour and intention of the mind, and 
 the thoughts dwelling a ctiusiderable time upon 
 the survey and discussion of each particular. 
 
 South. 
 •2. Design ; purpose. 
 
 1 wish others the same intention, and greater 
 successes. Temple. 
 
 Most part of chronical distempers proceed from 
 laxity of tlie fibres; in which case the principal 
 intention is to restore the tone of the solid parts. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 3. The state of being intense or strained. 
 This for distinction is more generally 
 and more conveniently written iiitension. 
 
 The operations of agents admit of intention and 
 remission ; but essences are not capable of such 
 variation. Li^ckc. 
 
 Intentional, adj. [intent ionel, Fr. 
 from intention.] Designed; done by 
 design. 
 
 The glory of God is the end which every intel- 
 ligent being is b<»und to consult, b\ a direct and 
 intentional service. Rcgers. 
 
 Inte'ntionally. adv. [from int€?i- 
 iionaL] 
 
 1 . By design ; viti) fixed choice. 
 
 1 find ill myself that this inward f>rinci|'le doth 
 exert many of its actions intentionally and pur- 
 posely, liate. 
 
 2. In will, if not in action. 
 
 WhenevtT 1 urn wishing to write to you, I shall 
 conclude you are inteniionally doing so to me. 
 
 Atttrburii to Pope. 
 Inte'ntive. adj. [from intent.] Dili- 
 gently applied ; busily attentive. 
 
 W here ilie object is fine and accurate, it con- 
 duceth much to have the sense infe/ffiir and erect. 
 Bacon's Xat. Hist. 
 The naked relation, at least tlie inteiitive coiisi- 
 deration of Ihat, is able slill, and at this disad- 
 vantage of time^ to rend the hearts <if pious coii- 
 tumplators. Brouns I'u/:;, Err. 
 
 Inte'ntively. ffrfr. [from intent ice.] With 
 
 application ; closely. 
 Intently, adv. [from intent.] With 
 close attention ; with close application ; 
 with eager desire. 
 
 If we insist passionately or so intently on the 
 truth of our beliefs, as not to proceed to as vigor- 
 ous pursuit of all just, sober, and godly living. 
 
 Hiiinmond. 
 
 The odd paintings of an Indian screen may 
 
 please a little ; but \% hen you fix your e\e intenth 
 
 upon tliem, thev ap-pt-ar so dis]>ruportioned that 
 
 they give a judTcious eye pain. Attcrbury. 
 
 INT 
 
 The Cliian meHal seats bim with a volume open, 
 and readiog intentty. Pope, 
 
 Inte'ntness. n. s. [from intent] The 
 state of being intent ; anxious applica- 
 tion. 
 
 He is more disengaged from his intentneu on af- 
 fairs. Sn-ij't. 
 
 To INTE'R. V. a. [from enlerrer, Fr.' 
 
 1. To cover under ground ; to burj-. 
 
 \\'ilhin tipeir chiift-st ttfiniile I'll erect 
 A torub, w herein his corps sliall be intcrr'd. Shak. 
 
 'Jhe evil that men do livt-s after tliem ; 
 'i'lie pood i^ ofT htterrfd w'aU their hones. Shattisp, 
 
 His body shall be nnally mterr'd, 
 Arid the last funeral in. nips adorn his hcise. Dryrf, 
 
 The ashes, in an old record of the c- nvent, are 
 s.iid to have been interred between the verv wall 
 »nd the altar where ther were taken up. Add'uon, 
 
 2. To cover with earth. 
 
 The best way is to inter them as ynu furrow 
 pease. " MortimiT. 
 
 Inte'rcalar. \ adj. [tniercniaire, Fr. 
 
 Inte'RCALARY. 5 inttrcalaris, Lat] In- 
 serted out of the common order to pre- 
 serve the equation of lime, as the twenty- 
 ninth of February in a leap year is an 
 intfrcalary day. 
 
 To Intercalate, r. a. [inlercaler, Fr. 
 inttrcalo, Lat.] To in=iTt an extraordi- 
 nary day, 
 
 Intercala'tion. n. s. [intircalalioti, Fr. 
 inttrcalatio, Lat.] Insertion of days out 
 of the ordinary reckoning. 
 
 In sixty-three years tlier« may be lost almost 
 eigliteen days, omitting tiie intercalation of one 
 (lay every fourth year, allowed iox tiiis quadrant, 
 or six supernumeraries. BrOKa. 
 
 To INTERCEDE, v.n. [intercedtr, Yt. 
 
 intercedoj Lat.] 
 
 1. To pass between. 
 
 Hesupposeth that a vast period interceded be- 
 tween tt^at uriguiatiun and the age wiierein he 
 lived. Haie. 
 
 Those superficies reflect the greatest quantity 
 of light, which have the creaivsl refracting power, 
 and which inte'^cede mediums that diiter most in 
 their refracting densities. Netif.en. 
 
 2. To mediate ; to act between two parties 
 
 witii a view of reconcilinfr differences. 
 It has with if only one part be named, 
 and between if both be named. 
 
 Them the glad sen 
 Presenting, thus lo intercede began. MUton. 
 
 Nor was our blessed Saviuur only our propitia- 
 tion to die for us, and procure our atonement, but 
 brio stili our advi.cate, continually interceding triih 
 his Father in behalf of all true peniienis. Ca/jmu. 
 
 I may restore myself into tlie good graces of n;y 
 fair crtiicks, and your lordship luay iiUcrcedc luth 
 them on m\ promise of amendment. Driden. 
 
 Origen denies that any praver is to be niafle in 
 them, dlihuugh it be only Xo intercede toith {S^jd 
 fur us, but only the son of God. StiUin^Uat. 
 
 Interce'der. «. s. adv [from intercede.] 
 One that intercedes ; a mediator. 
 
 To INTERCEPT, r. a. [interccptir, Fr. 
 inttrcptus, Lat.] 
 
 1. To stop and seize in the way. 
 
 The better c.iurse should be bv planting of gar- 
 risons abnut him, which, wh*nst>ovrr he shan look. 
 forth, or be drawn out, shall be always ready to 
 intercept his going or coming. Spenser. 
 
 Who intercepts me in my expedition ? 
 — O, she lliat might have interccf'ted iho^. 
 By sirangling thee. Shakesp. Hichard III. 
 
 1 then in Lmdon, keeper of tiie king, 
 IVIuster'd my soliliers, cather'd flocks of friends, 
 March'd towards St, AlWis t' intercept the queen. 
 
 Shakrsp^ 
 
 999
 
 I N T 
 
 YouT intercepted packets 
 Ifuu writ to the pi)pc. Sltakesp, Henrrj. 
 
 If we liupe fur lliiniis whlcli art' iit U>o gre^it a 
 diitance frum us, it is possible that we iwny be in- 
 tercepted by death in our pni^Tcss Inwnrds theni. 
 Aildison^s Spectal"i\ 
 
 2. To obstruct ; to cut of!'; to stop from 
 being communicated ; to stop in the pro- 
 gress. It is used of tiie thing or person 
 passing. 
 
 Though tliey cannot answer my distress, 
 Yet ill sumo suit they're better than the tribmies ; 
 For timt tiiey \*ill nut iutcrcepl my lale. Shukexp. 
 
 Behind tlie liole I fastened lo ihc pasteboard, 
 ■with pitch, the blatle of a sliarp knife, to intercept 
 some part of the light wluch passed tliroiiiili the 
 hole. Kcictim's Opticks. 
 
 S, It is used of the act of passing. 
 
 Since deatli's near, and runs with so much force. 
 We must meet first, and iJitercept his course. Dryd. 
 
 4. It is used of that to v/hich the passage 
 is directed. 
 
 On barbed steeds they rode in proud array, 
 Thick as the collccje of the bees in May, 
 When swarmins n'er the dusky fields they fly, 
 New tu the flow'rs, and intercept the sky. Dryden. 
 
 The direful woes. 
 Which voyaging from Troy the victors bore, 
 Wliile storms vindictive intaxept the shore. Pope. 
 
 I?3Terce'ptton. n. s, [inftt'Cfption, Fr. 
 inUrcejitio, Lat. from intercept.] Stop- 
 page in course; hindrance; obstruction. 
 
 The pillars, standing at a competent distance 
 from the outmost wall, will, by interception of the 
 si^iht, somewhat in appearance diminish tlie 
 brfadth. Wotton's Architecture. 
 
 'I'he word in ]Matthew doth not onl.y signify sus- 
 pension, hut also suiiocation, strangulation, or in- 
 terception of breath. Brown. 
 
 Interce'ssion. n.s. [intercession, Fr. 
 inferctssioy Lat.] Mediation ; intei*po- 
 sition ; agency between two parties ; 
 agency in the cause of another, generally 
 in his favour, sometimes against iiim. 
 
 Loving, and therefore constant, lie used still 
 the intercess'um uf diligence and faith, ever hopint: 
 because he would not put himself into that hell to 
 be hopeless. Sidiiey. 
 
 Can you, when yon push'd out of your gales 
 the very defender of them, think to front his re- 
 venges with the palsied intercession of such a de- 
 cay il dotard as you seem to be ? Shakesp. 
 
 He maketh intercession to God against Israel. 
 
 Rom. xi. 2. 
 
 He bare the sin of many, and made intercession 
 for the transgressors. ha liii. I'J. 
 
 Pray not thou for this people, neither -nake in- 
 tercession to me ; for 1 will not hear thee. Jer, vii. 1 6. 
 
 To pray to the saints to obtain tilings by tlieii 
 merits and intercessiom, is allowed and contended 
 for by the Roman church. StiUin^Let. 
 
 \' imr iiitercession now is needless grown ; 
 Retire, and let rae speak, with her alone. Dryden. 
 
 Interce'ssour. n.s. [intercessmr, Fr. 
 intercessor J Lat.] Mediator; agent be- 
 tween two parties to procure reconcilia- 
 tion. 
 
 Behold theheav'ns! thither thine eyesight bend; 
 Thy looks, sighs, tears, for intercessQu.r$ send. 
 
 FahJ'. 
 
 On man's behalf, 
 
 Patron or intercea&onr ^ none appear'd. Milton. 
 
 When we shall hear our eternal doom from our 
 
 interccssours, it will convince us, that a denial of 
 
 .Christ is more tlian transitory words. South. 
 
 To Intercha'in. v. a, [inter and chairu] 
 To chain ; to link together. 
 
 Two bosoms interchained with an oath ; 
 So then two bosoms, and a single troth. Shakesp. 
 
 To Intercha'nge. v. a, [inter and 
 change.} 
 
 I N T 
 
 1. To put each in the place of the other; 
 to give and take mutually ; to exchange. 
 
 They had left but one piece of one ship, wheie- 
 (in they ke|)l themselves in all truth, luiving in- 
 terchanged their cares, vvhileeither cared fur other, 
 each comforting and counselling how tu lalnmr 
 for the better, and to abide the worse. Sidney. 
 
 I shall interchange 
 My wained btalt for Henry's regal ciosvw.Shakesp. 
 
 2. To succeed alternately. 
 
 His faithful friend and brother Euarchus came 
 so niijrhtilv lo his succuur, that, with some inter- 
 changing changes of furiune, they begat of a jist 
 war, the best child peace. Sdney. 
 
 Intercha'nge. «. s. [from the veib.] 
 
 1. Commerce; permutation of commodi- 
 ties. 
 
 Tliose have an interchange or trade with Elana. 
 
 Haact. 
 
 2. Alternate succession. 
 
 With wiiat delights could I have walk'd ihce 
 round ! 
 If I could joy in ought ! sweet interchange 
 Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milt. 
 
 The ttfii^inal measures of time, by help of the 
 liolits in the tirmamtnt, are perceptible to us by 
 the interchano;es of light and darkness, and suc- 
 cession of sea'ions. Holder. 
 
 Rcimives and intcrf^han^^es would often happen 
 in the first ases afier the flood Burnetts Theory. 
 
 3. Mutual donation and reception. 
 
 Let Diomedes bear him, 
 And hrinti us Cressid hither. Good Diomed, 
 Furnish you fairly f r this interchange. Shakesp. 
 
 FareweJ ; the leisure, and the fcaiful lime, 
 Cuts otF the ceremuniuus vows of love. 
 And ample interchange of sweet discourse. Shak. 
 
 Since their more mature dijjnities made separa- 
 tion of their society, their encounters, though not 
 personal, have been rojally attornied wiili inter- 
 change of gifls. Shak. 
 
 Aner 50 vast an obligation, owned by so free an 
 acknowledgment, could any thinii be expected 
 but a continual interchange of kindnesses ? South. 
 
 Intercka'ngeable. adj. [from iw/e?*- 
 
 change.] 
 1, Given and taken mutually. 
 
 So many testimonies, interchangeable warrants, 
 and counlerrolments, running through tlie hands 
 and resting in the power of so many several per- 
 sons, is suflicient to argue and convince all man- 
 ner of falsehood. Bacons Ojf'. of Alienation. 
 
 ^. Following each other in alternate suc- 
 cession. 
 
 Just under the li»e they may seem to 'have two 
 Winters and two Sunniiers ; but there also lliey 
 have four interchangeable seasons, which is enough 
 wliereby to measure. Holder. 
 
 Alt along the history of the Old Testament we 
 find the interchangeable providences of God, to- 
 wards the people of Israel, always suited to their 
 manners , Tillotstm. 
 
 Intercha'ngeably. adv. [from inter- 
 changeable.] Alternately ; in a manner 
 whereby each gives and receives. 
 
 In these two things the East and West churclies 
 did i ntcrchajigeably hoih confront the Jews and 
 concur with llieni. Hooker. 
 
 This in myself I boldly will defend. 
 And interchangeably hurl doun my gage 
 Upon this overweening traitors foot. Shakesp. 
 
 These articles were signed by our plenipotentia- 
 ries, and those of Holland ; hut not by the French, 
 although it ought to have been done ijiterchan^ie- 
 ably ; and the ministers here prevailed on tlie 
 queen to execute a ratitication of articles, which 
 only one part had signed. Snift. 
 
 Intercha'ngement. n. s. [inter and 
 change.] Exchange ; mutual transfer- 
 ence. 
 
 A contract of eternal bond of love, 
 Confirm'd by mutual joinder of your hands, 
 
 Attested l>y the holy close of lips, 
 Strengthen'd'by interchangemtnt of your rings. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 I N T 
 
 Interci'pient. adj. [hitercipiens, Lat.] 
 
 Obstructing ; catching by tlie way. 
 Inteeci'pient. n.s. [intercipicns, Lat.] 
 All intercepting power ; something that 
 causes a stoppage. 
 
 i hey commend repellanfs, but not with much 
 astiin^ei\c;,', unless a-^ inieicipicnts upi-u the jtarts 
 above, lest tiie ruaUer siiuuld thereby be impacteti 
 ill tlie part. " IlW.-nan. 
 
 Interci'sion. n. s. [inter and ctedo, Lat.] 
 Interruption. 
 
 By cessation of oracies we may understand their 
 interciswii not abscission, or cunsuniinate desola- 
 tion. Brown. 
 To Interclu'de. V, n. \intercludo, Lat.] 
 To shut from a place or course by some- 
 tliing intervening ; to intercept. 
 
 The voice is sometinies intercluded by a lioarse- 
 ness, or viscous plilegiu cleaving to the aspcra ar- 
 teria. IloUei: 
 
 Interclu'sion. n.s. [in/erc/jMjw, Lat.] 
 Obstruction ; interception. 
 
 Intercolumnia'tion. n.s. [inter and 
 columna, Lat.] The space betweea the 
 pillars. 
 
 The distance or iH^ei'Co/um?jfa(i()n* may be near 
 four of hii own diameter, because the materials 
 commonly laid over this pillar were rather of wood 
 than stone. Wotlon, 
 
 To Interco'mmon. v.ti. [inter and com- 
 mon.^ To feed at the same table. 
 
 Wine is to be forborn in consumptions, for that 
 the spiri s of the wine do prey upon the roscid 
 juice of the body, and intero'iiinum i^iih the spi- 
 rits of tlie body, and so rob them of their nou- 
 rishment. Bacon's Nut. Hist, 
 
 Intercommu'nity. n. s. [i7iier and con(- 
 muniii/.] 
 
 1. A mutual communication or commu- 
 nity.] 
 
 2. A mutual freedom or exercise of reli-» 
 gion. 
 
 Interco'stal. adj. [intercostal, Fr. in- 
 ter and casta, Lat.] Placed between 
 the ribs. 
 
 'i'he diaphragm seems the principal instrument 
 of ordinary rcspirati(;ii, although to restrained res- 
 piration tfie intercostal muscles may concur. Boyle. 
 Qy the assistance of the inward intefcoual mus- 
 cles, in deep suspiralions, we take large gulps of 
 air. More, 
 
 Intercourse, n. s. [entrecours, Fr.] 
 
 1. Commerce; exchange. 
 
 This sweet intncourse 
 Of looks, and smiles ; for smiles from reason flow. 
 To brute dcuy'd, and are of love the food. ilii/l<m. 
 
 2. Communication : followed by u-ilh. 
 
 The choice of the place requirelii many circum- 
 stances, as the situation near the sea, for the com- 
 modionsness of an t)i(eicnHrse xctth Engl.ind.i)i!c«i, 
 
 What an honour is it that God sh..uld admit us 
 into such a participation of himself! Thai he 
 shouhl give us minds capable of such an intet ■ 
 course uilh the Supreme Jiiiid ! Attei-bury. 
 
 Intercu'rrence. n, s. [from inttrcurro, 
 Lat.] Passage between. 
 
 Consider what fluidity saltpetre is capable of, 
 without the inlcrcurrencs of a liquor. Boyle. 
 
 Tntercu'erent. adj. [interciirreHS,Lat.i 
 Running between. 
 
 If into a phial, filled with good spirit of nitre, 
 youcast a ]iiece of iron, the liquor, whose parts 
 moved placidly before, meetine with particles in 
 the iron, altering the motion of its parts, and per- 
 liaps that of some very subtile inlercurrent matter, 
 those active parts presently begin to penetrate, 
 and scatter abroad particles of the iron. Boyle, 
 
 1000
 
 INT 
 
 Interde'al. n, s. [inter and deal.] 
 TraiHck ; intercourse. Obsolete. 
 
 The Gaulish speech is the very British, which 
 is yet retained of tlie WeUhiueii and Hriti.ns ot 
 Franco ; though tlie alleralioji of the trading; and 
 interdcai with other nations has greatly allireJ 
 iJic dialect. Si>cnscr. 
 
 To INTFJlDrCT. v. a, Unttrdirv, !r. 
 indrdicoj Lat.] 
 
 1. To forbid ; to prohibit. 
 
 Alone I pass'd, ll\rouj;h ways 
 Tliat brought nic mi a sudden to the tree 
 Of inla-JicU'd knuwledgc. Milton s l^jradhe Lost. 
 
 y.y iiiaj;icrs. feiic'd, by s,icllaciicunni;ibs"(i inuiid, 
 Ku inoriitl loiich'd tliii interdicted gruuiid. Ticktl. 
 
 2. To prohibit from the enjoyment of 
 communion with the chmxh. 
 
 An aichhislioi* may not only excominunicate 
 and interdict Ills sullru^uus, but his vicar-general 
 may d(j the same. Ayti^'c. 
 
 Interdi'ct. n. s, [from the verb.] 
 
 1, Prohibition ; prohibiting decree, 
 
 Anionnst his other fundamental laws, he did or- 
 dain iinTinterdicts and prohibitions touching en- 
 trance of strangers. Bacon. 
 
 Thtjse are not fruits forbidden, no interdict 
 Defends tlie ti-ucliin^ of these viands pure ; 
 Their taste n» knowledge works at least of evil. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Had he liv'd to see her happy change. 
 He would have cancell'd that harsh interdict. 
 And join'd our hands himself. Dri/d, Don Sebast. 
 
 2. A papal prohibition to the clergy to 
 celebrate the holy offices. 
 
 Isaiii carried himself meritoriously against the 
 j>ope, in the lime of the interdict, which held up 
 nis credit among the patriots. TI otinn. 
 
 Interdiction, n. s. [interdiction, Fr. 
 interdiction Lat. from intirdict.^ 
 
 1. Prohibition; forbidding decree. 
 
 Sternly he pronounc'd 
 The rigid interdiction, which resounds 
 Yet dreadful in mine car. Milton s Paradise Lost. 
 
 2. Curse : from the papal interdict. An 
 improper nse of the word. 
 
 The truest issue of thy throne, 
 By his own interdiction stunds accurst. Shakesp. 
 
 IXTERDi'CTORY. adj. [from interdict.'] 
 
 Belonging to an interdiction.^l«s«'o^//^ 
 
 To Intere'.ss. 7 y. a. [interesstr^ Fr.] 
 
 T<> Intere'st. I To concern; to affect ; 
 
 to give share in. 
 
 The mysticid communion of all faithful men is 
 such as m;ikelh every one to be interested in those 
 precious blcbisings, which any one of llieui receiv- 
 eth at God's hands. Hooker. 
 
 Our jovv 
 Although our last not least; to whose young love, 
 Tlie vines of France and milk of Burgundy, 
 Strive to be int're&s!d. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 To love our native country, and to study its 
 benefit and its ,L;lory, to be interessed in its con- 
 cerns, is natural to all men. Vriiden. 
 
 Scipio, restoring the Spanish bride, gained a 
 great nation to interest themselves for Rome 
 against Carthage. Dryden. 
 
 This was a goddess who used to interest herself 
 in marriages. Addison on McdaU. 
 
 Ill successes did not discourage that ambitious 
 aiid interested people. Arbuthnot on Coins. 
 
 To Intere'st. v. n. To affect; to move ; 
 to touch with passion ; to gain the affec- 
 tions : as, this is an iyittresting story. 
 
 Interest, n. s. [interest^ Lat. inttret, 
 Fr.] Concern ; advantage ; good. 
 
 O give us a serious comprehension of tliat one 
 great interest of others, as well as ourselves. Ham. 
 
 Divisions hinder the common interest and pub- 
 lick pood. Temple. 
 
 There is no man but God hath put many things 
 into his possession, to be used for the commuu 
 good and interest* Calainy. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 INT 
 
 3. Itrfliience over others, 
 
 Tliev, will) hud hitlierlo preserved ihem, liad 
 now iJsl their inicrcst. Clarendon. 
 
 Kxrrt, prcat Gixl, tliy ilit'rest in the sky ; 
 Gain each kind poiv'r, "each ^•uardiail deity, 
 Tliat, coiiquer'd hy the publick vow, 
 Tliey hear the dismal ini^ciiief far away. Prior. 
 
 3. Share ; part in any thing ; participa- 
 (ioii ; as, this is a matter in which we 
 have interest. 
 
 Kiidcavour to adjust llie degrees of influence, 
 that each cause might have in produciTig llie ef- 
 fect, and the [)ro|ier agency and interwt of each 
 therein. _ Watts. 
 
 4. Reheard to private profit. 
 Wherever interest or power thinks fit to inter- 
 fere, il little imports what principles the o|)pnsitc 
 jiarlies think lit to charge upon each other. .S'ui/il. 
 
 Wh.u ilit'rest culls olK all her sneaking train. 
 
 Peiie. 
 
 5. Money paid for use ; usury. 
 
 Did lie take interest ? 
 — No, not take interest ; not, as you would say, 
 Directly, int'rest. SImhesp. 
 
 It is a sad life we lead, my dear, to be so teazed; 
 payiui; interest for old debts, ar.d still contracting 
 new ones. Arbuthnot 
 
 0". Any surplus of advantage. 
 
 With all speed 
 You shall have your desires with interest. Shakesp. 
 
 Tw Interfe're. v.n. [iw/er and/n/o, 
 
 Lat. J 
 1. To interpose ; to intermeddle. 
 
 So cautious were our ancestors in conversation, 
 as never to interfere with party disputes in the 
 stale. Swijt. 
 
 ■2. To clash ; to oppose each other. 
 
 If each acts by an independent [lower, their 
 coniiuands may interfere. Hmuiridge's Sermons. 
 
 3. A horse is said to interjere, when the 
 side of one of his shoes strikes ap:ainst 
 and hitrts one of his fetlocks ; or the 
 hitting one leg against another, and 
 striking off the skin. Farrier's Diet. 
 
 Inte'ri'LUENt. tulj. \interjluens, Lat.] 
 Flowing between. 
 
 Air may consist of any terrene or aqueous cor- 
 puscles, kept swimming in the interjiuent celestial 
 matter. " Boyle. 
 
 Interfu'lgent. adj. [inter and Jul- 
 gens, Lat.] Shining between. 
 
 Interfu'sed. adj. [interfitsus, Lat.] 
 Poured or scattered between. 
 
 The ambient air wide intcrfus\lt 
 Embracing round this florid earth. Milton. 
 
 Interja'cency. 11. s. [IVom iiitajaccns, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. The act or state of lying between. 
 
 linpland and Scotland is divided only by ttie 
 interjaceneii of the Tweed and some desert ground. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 2. The thing lying between. 
 Its fluctuatioMs arc but motions, wliich winds, 
 
 storms, shears, and every interjaceney irregulnles. 
 
 Brown. 
 
 Interjacent, ad/, [mtt-rjacens, Lat.] 
 Intervening ; lying between. 
 
 The sea itself must be very broad, and void of 
 little islands i)i(ei,7<icciit, else will it yield plentiful 
 argument of quarrel to the kingdoms wliich it 
 scrveth. Raleigh. 
 
 Through this hole objects tliat were beyond 
 mit;ht be -.een dl-tinctly, wliich would not at all 
 be "seen through other parts of the glasses, where 
 the air was inUrjaecnt. Neteton's Ojilieks. 
 
 Interje'ction. n. s. [interjection, ¥t. 
 
 intiTJeclio, Lat.] 
 I. A part of speech that discovers the 
 
 INT 
 
 mind to be seized or affected with some 
 passion: such as are in English, O ! 
 alas ! ah ! Clarke's Latin Grammar. 
 Their wild natural notes, when they would 
 express their passions, are at the best but like na- 
 tural interjections, to discover their passions or iin- 
 pressiuns. Hale't Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 2. Intervention ; interposition ; act of 
 something coming between ; act of put- 
 ting something between. 
 
 Laughin^causeth a continual eipulsion of the 
 breath, with the loud noise which maketJi the m- 
 terjection of laughing. Bacon. 
 
 1'nteri.m. n. s. [interim, Lat.] Mean 
 time ; intervening time. 
 
 1 a heavy interim shall support, 
 
 13v his dear absence. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 "One bird happened to be foraging for her young 
 
 ones, and in this interim comes a torrent that 
 
 washes away nest, birds, and all. L'Estrange. 
 
 lu this interim my women asked what 1 tliout'Tit. 
 
 Tatler. 
 To Interjo'in. r. a. [inter and join.} 
 To join mutually ; to intermarry. 
 
 So fellest foes, 
 W liose nassions and whose plots have broke their 
 
 sleep. 
 To take the one the other, by some chance. 
 Some trick not worth an egg, shall grow dear 
 
 friends, 
 .\nd interjoin their issues. Shakesp. Coriolanns. 
 Inte'kiour. adj. [interior, Lat. iiite- 
 ricur, Fr.] Internal ; inner ; not out- 
 w.ird ; not superficial. 
 The fool-multiiude, that cbuse by show, 
 >.<u learning more than the fond eye doiii teach, ^ 
 Which pry not to lb' i;iItri*Jur. Shakesp. 
 
 I'he grosser parts, thus sunk down, would hard- 
 en, anuconstitute the iiiteriour parts of the earth. 
 
 Burnet. 
 Intf.rkno'wledge. n. s. [inftr antl 
 knowledge.'] Mutual knowledge. 
 
 .Ml natimis have interhnoukdge one of another, 
 cither by voyage into foreign parts, or by strang- 
 ers tliatcouie to them. Jjuroii. 
 To Interla'ce. r.a. [entrelasser, Fr.] 
 To intermi.x ; to put one thing withia 
 
 another. 
 
 Some are to be interlaced between the divine 
 readings of tiic law and prophets. Hooker. 
 
 The amhassailors iiKcWuced, in their conference, 
 the purpose of their master to match with the 
 dau!;hter of .Maximilian. Bacon. 
 
 They acknowledged what services he had done 
 for the commonwcarth, yet interiucing some errors, 
 wherewith they seemed to re|>ioaeh nini. Hayui. 
 
 Your argument is as strong against the use of 
 rhyme in poems as in plays; fur the epick way 
 is every where interlaced with dialogue. Drydtn. 
 
 Interla'pse. n.s. [inter and lapse.'] 
 The flow of time between any two 
 
 events. 
 
 These dregs arc calcined into such salts, wliich, 
 after a short intaUipse of time, produce coughs. 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 To Interl.Vru. v. a. [entrclarder,Tr.] 
 
 1. To mi.\ meat with bacon, or fat ; to 
 diversify lean with fat. 
 
 2. To interpose ; to insert between, 
 .lests should be interlarded, after the Persian 
 
 custom, by ages young and old Curnc. 
 
 3. To diversify' by mixture. 
 The laws of N'oriuandy were the defloration of 
 
 the English laws, .ind a transcript of ihera, thouch 
 mingled and interlarded with many particular 
 laws of their own, which altered the features of 
 the oii:;inal. Hale's Lausof Kn/fland. 
 
 J. Phillips hasused this word very h;u-sh- 
 ly, and probably did not understand it. 
 They interlard llieir native drinks with choice 
 Of strongest brand V. P/n(/ip«. 
 
 6 M lOOi
 
 I N 1' 
 
 To Interle'ave. v. a. [inter and leave.] 
 To checjuei- a book by the insertion of 
 blank leaves. 
 
 To Interli'ne. v. a. [inter and line.] 
 
 1. To write in alternate lines. 
 
 V\'hen. by interlining Latin and Eiiglisli one 
 with aiiuthfr, lie lias Kot a moderate knowledge 
 of the Latin tongue, fie may then be advanced 
 farther. Locke. 
 
 2. To correct by something written be- 
 tween the lines. 
 
 He cancell'd an old will, and forg'd a new ; 
 ;Made wt-aithy at the small expcuce of signing, 
 \Vilh a wet seal, and a fresh interlining. Dryden. 
 
 Three things render a writing suspected : the 
 person producing a false instrument, liie person 
 ilia; frames it, aiVd the interlining and rasing out 
 of woids contained in such instruments. 
 
 Aylijf'e's Parergtm. 
 
 The muse invok'd, sit down to write, 
 Blot out, correct, and intrvline. Su-iJ'l- 
 
 Interlineation, n.s. [infer and li- 
 neation.] Correction made by writing 
 between the Imes. 
 
 JNlany clergymen write in so diminutive a man- 
 ner, with such frequent blots and interlineations, 
 that they are hardly able to go on without per- 
 petual hesitations. Swift. 
 
 To Interli'nk. v. a. [inter and link.] 
 To connect chains one to another ; to 
 join one in another. 
 
 The fair mixture in pictures causes us to enter 
 into the subject which it imitates, and im|)riiils it 
 the more deeply into our imagination and our ine- 
 niory : these are two chains which are interlinked, 
 which contain, and are at the same time contained. 
 
 Vrydeii. 
 
 Interlocu'tion. n. s. [interlocution, 
 Tr. interloculio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Dialogue; interchange of speech. 
 
 The plainest and the most intellighile rehearsal 
 of the psalms tbey i'avcnir not, because it is done 
 by interlocution, and "ith a mutual return of sen- 
 tences from side to side. Hooker. 
 
 2. Preparatory proceeding in law ; an in- 
 termediate act before final decision. 
 
 These things arc called accidental, because 
 some new incidentin judicature may emerge upon 
 them, on which the judge ought to ijroceed by 
 interlocution. Ayliffe s Farergan. 
 
 Interlo'cutor. n.s. [inter and loqii or, 
 Lat.] Dialogist ; one that talks with 
 another. 
 
 Some morose readers shall find fault with my 
 liaving made the interlocutors compliment witii 
 one another. Boyle. 
 
 Interlo'cutory. adj. [interlocutoire, 
 Fr. inter and loquor, Lat.] 
 
 1, Consisting of dialogue. 
 
 \\ hen the minister by exhortation raiscth them 
 up, and the people by protestaLion of their readi- 
 ness declare he s|)eaketll not in vain unto them ; 
 these inteilocutorii forms of sjieech, what are they 
 else but most elieclual, partly testifications, and 
 partly intiammations of all piety ? Hooker. 
 
 There are several interlocutory discourses in the 
 holy Scriptures, though the persons speaking are 
 not alternately mentioned or referred to. I'iddes. 
 
 2. Preparatory lo decision. 
 
 To Interlo'pe. v. n. [inter and loopen, 
 Dut. to run.] To run between parties 
 and intercept the advantage that one 
 should gain from the other ; to traffic 
 without a proper licence ; to forestall; 
 to anticipate irregularly. 
 
 The patron is desired to leave off this interloping 
 trade, or admit the knights of the industry to 
 their share. latter. 
 
 Interlo'per. 71. .J. [from interlope.] 
 
 I N T 
 
 One who runs into business to which he 
 has no right. 
 
 The swallow was a fly-catcher, and was no more 
 an interloper upon the sfiider's right, than the 
 sjrider was upon the swallows. L' Estrange. 
 
 Interlu'cent adj. [interlucens, Lat.] 
 
 Shining between. Diet. 
 
 I'nterlude. n.s. [inter and ludus,\ja.t.] 
 
 Something played at the intervals of 
 
 feslivitj' ; a farce. 
 
 When there is a queen, and ladies of honour 
 attending her, there must sometimes be masques, 
 and revels, and interludes. Bacon. 
 
 The enemies of Socrates hired Aristophanes to 
 personate him on the stage, alid, by the insinua- 
 tions of those interludes, conveyed a hatred of him 
 into the people. Government of the Tcngt.e. 
 
 Dreams are but interludes, which fancy makes ; 
 When monarch reason sleeps, this miuiick wakes. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Interlu'ency. n. s. [interluo, Lat.] 
 Water interposited ; interposition of a 
 flood. 
 
 Those parts of Asia and America, which are 
 now disjoined by the interluency oi the sea, might 
 have been formerly contiguous. Hale. 
 
 Interi.u'nar. \adj. [inter anfl luna, 
 InteRLU'nary. I Lat.] Belonging to 
 the time when the moon, about to 
 change, is invisible. 
 
 W cadd the two Egyptian days in every month, 
 the inlerlunctry and plenilunaryexeraptions. Brown. 
 The sun to me is dark. 
 And silent as the moon, 
 \\ hen she deserts the night. 
 Hid in her vacant intertnnar cave. Milton. 
 Interma'kriage. n. s. [inttr and 
 marriage.] Marriage between two fti- 
 milies, where each takes one and gives. 
 Because the alliances and intei-marriages, among 
 so small a people, might obstruct justice, they 
 have a foreigner forjudge of St. Marino. Addison. 
 
 To Intermarry, v. n. [inter and 
 marry.] To marry some of each family 
 with the other. 
 
 About the middle of the fourth century, from 
 the building of Rome, it was declared lawful for 
 nobles and plebeians to intermarry. Swift. 
 
 To Interme'ddle. v. n. [inter and 
 meddle.] To interpose officiously. 
 
 The practice of Spain hath been by war, and 
 by conditions of treaty, to intermeddle with fo- 
 reign states, and declare themselves protectors 
 geieral of Catholicks. _ _ Bacon. 
 
 Seeing the king was a sovereign prince, the 
 emperor sh(udd not intermeddle with ordering his 
 subjects, or directing the ali'airs of his realm, 
 
 Hayward. 
 
 There were no ladies who disposed themselves 
 to intermeddle in business. Clarendon. 
 
 To Interme'ddle. v. a. [entremesler, 
 Fr.] To intermix ; to mingle. This is 
 perhaps misprinted for intermelled. 
 
 Many other adventures are intermeddled ; as the 
 love of'Britomert and the virtuousncss of Bel- 
 phaebe. Spenser. 
 
 Interme ddler. n. s. [from intermed- 
 dle.] One that interposes officiously ; 
 one that thrusts himself into business to 
 which he has no right. 
 
 There's hardly a greater pest to government 
 and families, than oflicious talc-bearers, and busy 
 inlcrmcddlers. L' Estrange. 
 
 Our allies, and our stock-jobbers, direct her 
 majesty not to change her secretary or treasurer, 
 who, for the reasons that these oiircious internied- 
 dlers demanded their conliiiuance, ought never to 
 have been admitted into the least trust. Swift. 
 
 Shall strangers, saucy iidermeddlers .' say, 
 Thus far, and thus, are you allow'd to punish ? 
 
 A. Phillips. 
 
 I N T 
 
 Interme'diacy. w. s. [from interme- 
 diate.] Interposition ; intervention. 
 An unauthorised wotd. 
 
 In birds the auditory nerve is affected by onlj 
 the intcrmediacy of the columella. Derham, 
 
 Interme'dial. adj. [inter and mediu.i, 
 Lat.] Intervening; lying between ; in- 
 tervenient. 
 
 The love of God makes a man temperate in flw 
 
 midst offcasts, and is active enough without any 
 
 intermedial appetites. Taulor. 
 
 A gardener prepares the ground, and in alfthe 
 
 intermedial spaces he is careful to dress it. Evelyn. 
 
 Interme'diate. adj. [intermediat, Fr. 
 inter and medius, Lat.] Intervening ; 
 interposed ; holding the middle place 
 or degree between two extiemes. 
 
 Do not the most refrangible rays excite the 
 shortest vibrations for making a sensation of a 
 deep violet, the least refrangible the largest for 
 making a sensation of deep red, and the several 
 intermediate sorts of rays, vibrations of several t»- 
 termediate bignesses, to make sensations of the 
 several intermediate c.dours ? Newton s Opticks. 
 
 An animal consists of solid and fluitl parts, tin- 
 iess one should reckon some of an intei-mediate na- 
 ture, as fat and phlegm Arbuthmxt. 
 
 Those general natures, which stand betweeii 
 the nearest and most remote, are called !7i!ej-nierf»- 
 ate. Wati^ 
 
 Interme'diately. adv. [from inter- 
 mediate.] By way of intervention. 
 
 To Interme'll. t'. a. [entremesler, Fr.] 
 To mi.K ; to mingle. Not in use. 
 
 By occasion hereof many other adventures are 
 intermelled, but rather as accidents than intend- 
 ments. Spenser. 
 
 Inte'rment. n.s. [interment, Fr. from 
 itiler.] Burial ; sepulchre. 
 
 Intermigra'tion. n.s. [intermigra- 
 tion, Fr. inter and migro, Lat.] Act of 
 removing from one place to another, so 
 as that of two parlies removing, each 
 takes the place of the other. 
 
 Men have a strange variety in colour, statue, 
 and humour; and all arising from the climaie, 
 though the cmtinent be but one, as to point of 
 access, mutual intercourse, anri possibility of inter- 
 migrations. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 Interminable, adj. [interminable, 
 Fr. in and termino, Lat.] Immense; 
 admitting no boundary. 
 
 As if they would confine th' interminahk. 
 And tie him to his own prescript. Milt. Agmist. 
 
 Inte'rminate. adj. [interminate, Fr. 
 interminatus, Lat.] Unbounded; un- 
 limited. 
 
 Within a thicket I repos'd ; when round 
 I ruffled up fall'n leaves in heaps, and found. 
 Let fall from heaven, a sleep interminate. 
 
 Chapmuu's Odyssey. 
 
 Intermina'tion. n.s. [interminution, 
 Fr. intcrmino, Lat.] Menace ; threat. 
 
 The threats and intcrminatioris of the Gospel, 
 
 those terrors of the Lord, as goads may drive 
 
 those brutish creatures who will not be attracted. 
 
 Decay of Piety. 
 
 To Intermi'ngle. v. a. [inter and 
 mingle.] To mingle ; to mi.\ ; to put 
 some things amongst others. 
 
 The church in her liturgies hath intermingled, 
 with readings out of the New Testament, lessiuis 
 taken out of the law and prophets. Hooker. 
 
 His church he compareth unto a field, where 
 tares, manifestly known and seen by all men, do 
 grow intermingled with good corn. Hookrr. 
 
 My lord shall never rest : 
 I'll intermingle every thhig he does 
 ■\Vith Cassio's suit. Shakcsp. Othetln. 
 
 . 1002
 
 INT 
 
 Here snlllng ships delight the wand'ringeyes ; 
 Tliere trees and in(e7-minglcd temjilcs rise. Fope. 
 
 To Intermingle, v. w. To be mixed 
 or incorporated. 
 
 Intermission, n. s. [tuttrmiision, Fr. 
 intermissiOf L.at.] 
 
 1. Cessation for a time ; pause; interme- 
 diate stop. 
 
 Came a reeking post, 
 
 Delivei 'd letters, spight of intenmssUm^ 
 
 ^Vhicii presently ihoy read. Shakc&p. King [.ear. 
 
 I coiiiit inter misi'.on almost the same thiii;^ as 
 change; for that lliat hatli been uiturmittcd, is 
 after a surt new. li'tcon. 
 
 The water ascends gently, and by intermissions ; 
 but it falls contiaualeiy, and with Force, ll'ilkins. 
 
 The pcasai.ts work on, in the hottest part of 
 the day, without intermission. Locke. 
 
 2. Intervenient time. 
 
 But, gentle heav'n, 
 Cut sln)rt all intermission : front to front, 
 Bring thou this fiend of Scotland and niyself.5/ia/c. 
 
 3. State of being intermitted. 
 
 Words borrowed of antiquity, have the autho- 
 rity of years, and out of their intermission do win 
 to themselves a kind of grace-Uke newness. 
 
 Ben Jo}ison, 
 
 4. The space between the paroxysms of a 
 fever, or any fits of pain ; rest ; paiise 
 of sorrow. 
 
 Rest or intermission none I find. Milton. 
 
 Intermi'ssive. adj, [from initrmit.] 
 Coming by fits ; not continual. 
 
 I reduced Ireland, after so many intermissive 
 wars, to a perfect passive ribedience. 
 
 tlowefs England's Tears. 
 
 As though there were any feriation in naiure, 
 or justitiums imaginable in professions, whose 
 subject is under no intermissive but constant way 
 of mutation, this season is connunnly termed the 
 physicians vacation. BrowJis Vulgar Erronrs. 
 
 To INTERMIT, v. a, [hifermitto, Lat. 
 To forbear any thing for a time ; to in- 
 terrupt. 
 
 If nature should intermit her course, and leave 
 altogether, tliDugh it were but for a-while, the 
 ob.servation of her own laws. Hooker, 
 
 Run to your liouses, fail upon your knees j 
 Pray to the gods, to intermit the plague 
 That needs must light on this ingratitude. Shak. 
 
 His misled, lascivious son, 
 Edward the Second, intermitted so 
 The course of glory. DanieVs Civil War. 
 
 The setting on foot some of those arts that were 
 once well knnwn, would be but the reviving of 
 those arts wliich were long before practised, 
 though iitiermitted and interrupted bv war. Hale. 
 
 Certain Indians, when a horse is running in 
 liis full career, leap down, gather any thinjz iV(*m 
 the ground, and immediately leap up aeain, the 
 horse not intermittini^ Ids course. ^Wilkins. 
 
 Speech intermitted, thus began. Milton. 
 
 We are furnished with an armour from Heaven, 
 but if we are remiss, or jjcrsuaded to lay by our 
 arms, and intermit our guard, we may be surprised. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 To Inter.m'it. v. n. To grow mild be- 
 tween the fits or paroxysms. Used of 
 fevers, 
 
 Intermi'ttent. ailj. [intermittent, Fr. 
 intermittens, Lat.] Coming by fits. 
 
 Next to those durable pains, short intermittent 
 or swift recurrent j)ains do precipitate patients 
 into consumptions. Harvey. 
 
 To Intermix, r. a, [inter and mix.] 
 To mingle ; to join ; to put some things 
 among others. 
 
 Her persuasions she intermixed with tears, af- 
 firming, that sbe would depart from hira. Hayu\ 
 
 INT 
 
 Reveal 
 To Adam what shall come In future days, 
 As i -ihall thee enlighten : intermix 
 ^]y cov'nant In the woman's seed renew'd. Milt. 
 
 In yonder spring of roses, intcrmii'd 
 W ith myrtle, find what to redicss 'till noon. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 I doubt not to perform the part of a just histo- 
 rian tu my royal master, wilhoul intermliing with 
 it any thing of the poet. Dryden. 
 
 To Intermix, r. «. To be mingled 
 
 together. 
 Intermi'xtuRe. n. s. [inter and w/x- 
 
 tifnij Lat ] 
 
 1. Mass formed by mingling bodies. 
 
 The analytical preparations of gold or mercury 
 leave persons much unsatisfied, whether the sub- 
 stances they produce be truly the hy ['Ostatical 
 principles, or only some i}ttei'miitures of the divi- 
 ded bodies with those rmpluyed. Boifle. 
 
 2, Something additional mingled in a 
 mass. 
 
 In this height of impiety there wanted not an 
 ijitermiiture of levity and folly. Bacon s Henry VI. 
 
 Intermu'ndane. adj. [inter and mnn- 
 duSy Lat.] Subsisting between worlds, 
 or between orb and orb. 
 
 The vast distances between tlmse great bodies 
 are called intermnndane spaces ; in which though 
 there may be some fluid, yet it is so thin and sub- 
 tile, that it is as much as ncthiiig. Locke, 
 
 Intermu'ral. adj. [inter, nniralis, 
 muruSj Lut.] Lying between Avnlls. 
 
 Ainstvorth. 
 
 [ntermu'tual. adj. [i^iter and mutual.] 
 Mutual ; interchanged. Inter before 
 mutual is improper. 
 
 A solenni oath religiously they take. 
 By intermntual vows protesting there, 
 This never to reveal, nor to forsake 
 So good a cause. DanieVs Civil War. 
 
 Inte'rn. adj. [interne, Fr. ijitermis, 
 
 Lat.] Inward ; intestine ; not foreign. 
 
 The midland towns are most flourishing, which 
 slipws that her riches are intern and domeslick. 
 
 Hou-el. 
 
 INTERNAL, adj. [internus, Lat.] 
 
 1. luAvard ; not external. 
 
 That ye shall be as gods, since I as man, 
 Internal man, is but proportion meet. Milton. 
 
 ftlyself, ray conscience, and intinial peace. 
 
 MUtnn. 
 
 Bad comes of setting ourliearts upon tlic shape, 
 colour, and external beauty of things, without re- 
 gard to the internal excellence and virtue of them. 
 
 L'Estruit^e. 
 
 If we think most men's actions to be the ni- 
 terpreters of their thoughts, they have no such 
 internal veneration for good rules. Locke. 
 
 2. Intrinsick ; not depending on external 
 accidents ; real. 
 
 We arc to provide things honest ; to consider 
 not only the internal rectitude of our actions in 
 the sight of G(»d, but whe' her they will be free 
 from ail mark or sus|.)icion of evil. Bo<^crs. 
 
 Inte'rn ALLY. ado. [i^om internal.] 
 
 \. Inwardly, 
 
 2. Mentally ; intellectually. 
 
 Vk'e are symbolically i" the sacrament, and by 
 faith and the spirit of God internally uinted to 
 Christ. Taylor. 
 
 Interne'cine. adj. [interneeinus, Lut.] 
 Endeavouring mutual destruction. 
 
 Til' Egyptians worshipp'd dogs, and for 
 Tlieir faith made internecine war. Hudibras. 
 
 Interne'cion. n.s. [inferneeion, Fr. 
 internecio, Lat.] Mutual destruction ; 
 massacre; slaughter. 
 
 Ix\T 
 
 T!mt natural propension of self-love, and na- 
 tuTHJ principle of self-preservation, will necehsar.ly 
 break out into wars and infcmeri<m*. 
 
 Half's Orij^in oj Mankind. 
 
 Internu'ncio. n.s. [inlernuii(iu3,\^t.^ 
 Messenger between I wo parties. 
 
 Interfella'tion. n.s. [mlirpeUalion, 
 IV. inUrpellalio, Lat.] A summons ; 
 a call upon. 
 
 In all extracts judicial one citation, roonitinn, 
 or extrajudicial inierpellatum is sufficient. Aijliffe. 
 
 7» INTERPOL An:. I. a. [iiiltrpoUr, 
 
 Tr. iulcrpolo, I-at. ] 
 
 1. To foist any thing into a place to which 
 it does not belong. 
 
 Tlie Athenians were pnt in possession of Sala- 
 niis b^' another law, which was cited b_v Solon, or, 
 ab some think, inUrpolated hy him for that pur- 
 pose, rcpe. 
 
 2. 'I'o renew ; to begin again ; to carry 
 on with intermissions. In this sense it 
 is not in use. 
 
 This motion of tlic heavenly bodies theniselvei 
 seems to br partly continued* and uiiintermitted. 
 as that motion of the first moveable, partly inter- 
 j'oi'itcd and iuterruntcd. Hate. 
 
 I'liat individual nath necessarily a concomitant 
 successii'n of interpoUited mvltows ; naiiitly, the 
 pulses of the heart, and tlie successive motions of 
 rcpjiiration. lliile. 
 
 Intkkpola'tion. n.s. [hiUrpolalioii, 
 Fr. from inltrpolnte.] Something added 
 or piit into the original matter. 
 
 I liave changed the situation of some of the 
 hatiii verses, and made some mtei-j>oliitions. 
 
 CrnmuxU to Pope. 
 Interpol.Vtor. n. s. [Lat. iiilirpiila- 
 liur, Fr.] One that foists in counter- 
 feit passages. 
 
 V.*u or your i«(erj>o/attfr ouglit to liavc consi- 
 dered. " Siiijt. 
 Interpo'sal. n.s. [from /n/fc/^ose] 
 
 1. Interposition ; agency between two 
 persons. 
 
 The intei-posat of ray lord of Canterbury's com- 
 mand for the publication of this mean discourse, 
 may seem to take away my choice. South. 
 
 2. Intervention. 
 
 Our overshadowed souls may be emblemed by 
 crusted gl -bes, whose influential emissions are in- 
 tercepted by the interposal of the benigliting ele- 
 ment. " Gtanvitlr's Scepsis. 
 
 To INTERPOSE, v. a. [interpono, LnU 
 iiiterpoicr. Fr.] 
 
 1 . To place between ; to make interveni- 
 ent. 
 
 Some weeks the kins did honourably interpose, 
 both to give space to liis brother's intercession, 
 and to show that he had a conflict with himself 
 what he should do. Bacon. 
 
 2. To thrust in as an obstruction, inter- 
 ruption, or inconvenience. 
 
 What watchful cares do interpose themselves 
 Betwivt your eyes and night ? i^takesp. 
 
 Deatli "ready stands to interpi4e his dart. Milt. 
 
 Human frailty will too often iiiteiTMse itself 
 amuiij; persons of the holiest function. Suijt. 
 
 3. To offer as a succour or relief. 
 
 The common father of mankind seasonably in- 
 tcqmed his hand, and rescued miserable maii out 
 uf the gross stupidity and sensuality wliereinto h« 
 was plunged. Woodicard. 
 
 To Intekpo'se. r. 11. 
 
 1. To mediate; to act between two parties. 
 
 2. To put in by way of interruption. 
 But, interposes Eleuihcrius, this objection may 
 
 be made iinleed almost atrainst anv hypothesis. 
 ■ " Boyk. 
 
 Interpo'ser. U.S. [from interpose.] 
 1. One that comes betiveeu others. 
 
 1008
 
 : N T 
 
 I wiil make haste ; but, 'till I come again. 
 No hed siiiiil e'er be guilty of my stay; 
 No rest be interposer 'twixt us twain. Shakcsp. 
 
 2, An intervenient agent ; a mediator. 
 Interposi'tion. ?i.s. [interposition, Fr. 
 inttr posit io, Lat. from interpose.} 
 
 1. Intervenient agency. 
 
 There never was a time when the hiterposit'ton 
 of the majiistrale was mure necessary t" secure 
 the honour of relii^iou. Atterburu 
 
 Thouiih warlike successes carry in them often 
 tlic evitiences (jf a divine interpnsiiion, yet are the^* 
 no sure marks of the divine favour. Atterhurtj. 
 
 2. Mediation ; agency between two parties. 
 
 The town and ahliey would have ciMue to an 
 open rupture, had it nul been tiaitiy pie\eiiled 
 by the interposkiou of their couuuoii [MuwvUns.Add. 
 
 3. Intervention ; state of being placed be- 
 tween two. 
 
 The nights are so cold, fresh, and equal, by 
 reason of the inlire interposition of the earth, as 1 
 know of no other part uf tlie world of better or 
 etjual temper. liaict^^h. 
 
 She sits on a globe that stands in water, tu de- 
 note that she is mistress of a new world, separate 
 from that which the Romans had before conquer- 
 ed, by the interposition of the sea, Addison. 
 
 4. Any thing interposed, 
 
 A shelter, and a kind of shading coo! 
 Interposition, as a Sunnuer's cloud. Milton 
 
 T<? INTERPRET, v, a. \inlerpreter, Fr 
 intcrpretorj Lat.] To explain ; to trans- 
 late ; to decipher ; to give a solution to ; 
 to clear by exposition ; to expound. 
 
 Oi>e, but painted thus. 
 Would be interpreted a thing perplex'd 
 Beyond self-explicatiyn. Shukesp. CymheVmc. 
 
 You should be women, 
 And 3^et your beards forbid me to interpret 
 'JJiat you are so. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Pharaoh told them hts dreams : but there was 
 none that could interpret tli^-m unto liim.Gcuxli.S. 
 An excellent spirit, knowledge, and understand- 
 ing, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard 
 sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found 
 in the same Daniel. Dun. v. 12. 
 
 llear his si^hs, thrui mute ! 
 Unskilful with wiiat words to pray, let me 
 Inteipret for liim. Mdton's Fur. Lost. 
 
 Inte'rpretable. adj. [from interpret,] 
 Capable of being expounded or deci- 
 phered. 
 
 No man's face is actionable : these singularities 
 are interpretahle from more innocent causes Collier. 
 
 Interpret a'tion. n.s. [interprelationy 
 Fr, inttrpretatioy Lat. from interpret.] 
 
 1. The act of interpreting; explanation. 
 
 This is a poor epitome of Vdur's, 
 Which, by th' interpretation of full time. 
 May shew like all yourself. Shakesp. Cr.riol. 
 
 Look how we can, or sad or merrily. 
 Interpretation will misquote our looks. Shakesp. 
 
 2. The sense given by an interpreter; ex-y 
 position. 
 
 li it be obscure or uncertain what they meant, 
 charity, I hope, conslraineth no man, which 
 standeth doubtful uf their minds, to itan to the 
 liardest and worst interpretation that their words 
 can carry. Hooker. 
 
 The primitive Christians knew how the Jews, 
 who preceded our Saviour, interpreted these pre- 
 dictions, and the marks by which the JMcssiab 
 would be discovered ; and how the Jewish doctors, 
 who succeeded hi:n, deviated from the interpreta- 
 tions of their forefathers. Addison. 
 
 3. The power of explaining. 
 
 We beseech thee to prosper this great sign, and 
 to give us the interpretation and use of it in mercy. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Inte'rpretative. adj. [from interpret .] 
 Collected by interpretation. 
 
 I N T 
 
 Though the creed apostolick were sufficient, 
 yet when the church hath erected that additional 
 bulwark against heretlcks, the rejecting their ad- 
 ditions may justly be deemed an interpretative 
 
 sidiitg with lieresies. liommond. 
 
 Inte'rpretatively. adv. [from intcr- 
 preiaiive.] As may be collected by in- 
 terpretation. 
 
 By this provision the Almighty interprctatively 
 speaks to him in this manner : 1 have imw placed 
 thee in a well-furnisli'd world. Buy on the Creation. 
 
 Inte'rpreter. n. s, [interpreter Fr. in- 
 terprcSj Lat.] 
 
 1, An explainer; an expositor; an ex- 
 pounder, 
 
 V\ hat we oft do best, 
 By sick interpretns, or weak ones, is 
 Not tuns, or not allow'd : what worst, as oft. 
 Hitting a grosser quality, is cry'd up 
 Fur ovir best act. Shakesp. Hen. VIII. 
 
 In thiL' beginning the eartli was without form and 
 void ; a Hiiid, dark, confused mass, and so It is 
 iniderstood by interpreters, both Hebrew and 
 Christian. Burnet. 
 
 We think most men's actions to be the inter- 
 preters of their thoughts. Locke. 
 
 2. A translator. 
 
 Nor wt.rd fur word be careful to transfer, 
 Willi (he bume faith as an interpreter, ibherburne. 
 
 How shall an^' mini, who hath a genius for his- 
 tory, undertake such a work with spirit, when he 
 considers that in an age or tw'> he shall hardly be 
 understood without an inteij.reter. Suijt. 
 
 Interpu'nction. n, s. [inter piinction, 
 Fr. interpungo, Lat] Pomting betv/een 
 \VGrds or sentences. 
 INTERREGNUM, n.s. [Lat.] The 
 time in which a throne is vacant between 
 the death of a prince and accession of 
 another. 
 
 Next ensu'd a vacancy, 
 Thousajid worse passions than possess'd 
 T'le interre;j^num of niy breast : 
 
 Bless nie from such an anarchy ! Covihiu. 
 
 He would shew the (jueen my memorial, wtth 
 the tirst opportunity, in order to have it done in 
 this intcrregnnm or suspension of title. Swift. 
 
 Interre'ign n. s. [interreg?if, Fr. intcr- 
 regnum^ Lat.] Vacancy of the throne. 
 
 'I'he king knew iliere could not be any iiitOTcign 
 or susjiension of till'>. Bucons Hennf Vil. 
 
 To InterrovjATE. v. a. [interrogo, Lat. 
 inter roger, Fr.] To examine ; to ques- 
 tion. 
 
 To Inte'rrogate. v. n. To ask; to put 
 questions. 
 
 By his instructions touching the queen of Na- 
 ples, it seemeth he could interrogate t<juching 
 beauty. Bacons Hen. Vll. 
 
 His proof will be retorted by intcrro^atin^^ Shall 
 the adulterer and the drunkard inherit the king- 
 dom of God ? Hammond. 
 
 Interroga'tion. 71. s. [interrogation J 
 Fr. interrogation Lat.] 
 
 1, The act of questioning, 
 
 2, A question put; an enquiry. 
 
 How demurely soever such men may pretend to 
 sanctity, that interrogation of God presses hard 
 upon them, Shall I count them pure with the 
 wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful 
 weights .'' Government of the Tongue. 
 
 This variety is obtained' by interrogations to 
 things inanimate; by beautiful digressions, hut 
 those sliurt. Pope. 
 
 3, A note that marks a question : thus ? 
 as. Does Job serve God for nought ? 
 
 Interro'gative. adj. [intcrrogatif\ Fr. 
 interrogaiivus, Lat.] Denoting a ques- 
 tion ; expressed in a qucstionary form of 
 words. 
 
 I N T 
 
 Interro'gative. n. s. A pronoun nse*l 
 in asking questions: as, who? what? 
 which ? whether ? 
 Intekro'gatively. adv. [from interro- 
 gative.] In form of a question. 
 Interrogator, n. s. [from interro- 
 gate.] An asker of questions. 
 Interrogatory, n.s. \interrogatoire, 
 Fr.] A question ; an enquiry. 
 
 He with no more civility began in captioua 
 manner lu put hiteirogatorks niito liim. iHdnei/. 
 
 Nor time, nor place, 
 Will serve liini; interrogatories. Shakesp. Cyniheline. 
 
 \\ hat earthly name tu interrogatories 
 Can l^sk the free breath of a sacred kins '5/iafcfSfi. 
 The examii;ation was summed up with oi« 
 question, Wiiether he was prepared for deatli ? 
 The boy was frightened out of his wits Ijy the last 
 dreadful interrogatory. Addison. 
 
 Interro'gatory. adj. Containing a 
 question ; expressing a question ; as a» ^ 
 interrogatory sentence. ,^| 
 
 To Interru'pt. v. a. \intcrrompre, Fr. 1 
 interrupliis, Lat ] 
 
 ! . To hinder tlie process of any thing by 
 breaking in upon it. 
 
 Rage duth rend 
 Lilve interrupted waters, and o'erbear 
 What they are used to bear. Shakesp, 
 
 He mielit securely enough iiavc engaged hia 
 body of horse against their whole inconsiderahie 
 army, there being neither tree nor bush to inter- 
 rupt his charge. Clarendon. 
 
 I'his motion of the heavenly bodies seems part- 
 ly uninterrupted, as that of the first moveable in- 
 terpolated and interrupted. Hate. 
 
 2. To hinder one from proceeding by in- 
 terposition. 
 
 Answer not before thou hast heard the cause; 
 neither interrupt men in the midst of their talk. 
 
 Ece/es. xi. 8. 
 
 3. To divide ; to separate ; to rescind from 
 continuity. 
 
 Interru'pt. adj. Containing a chasm. 
 
 Seest thou what rage 
 Transports our adversary, whr.m no bounds, 
 Nor yet the main abvss wide interrupt, can hold ? 
 
 Milton, 
 
 Interru'ptedly. adv. [from interrupt- 
 ed.] Not in coi'.tiiiuity ; not without 
 stoppages. 
 
 Tlie incident light that meets with a grosser li- 
 quor, will have its beams either refracted or im- 
 bibed, or else reflected more or less interrnptediy 
 than they would be, if the body had been un- 
 fTiuistened. Boyle on Colours. 
 
 Intekru'pter. n. s. [from interrupt,'] 
 
 He who iiaterrupts. 
 Interru'ption. n. s, [inter7~uption, Fr. 
 
 interriiptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. Interposition ; breach of continuity. 
 
 Places severed from the continent by the inter- 
 ruption of the sea. Hale's Origin of' Mankind. 
 
 2. Intervention ; interposition. 
 
 You are to touch the one as soon as you have 
 given a stroke of the pencil to the otiier, lest the 
 interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of 
 one part. Dryden's Dufresnoy. 
 
 3. Hindrance ; stop ; let ; obstructioru 
 
 Bloody England into England gone, 
 O'erbeariiiE iiiteirii/jlioii, spite of France. S/ioteqi. 
 
 4. Intermission. 
 
 This way of thinking on wliat we re.id, will be 
 a rub only" in the beginning ; when custom has 
 made it familiar, it will be dispatelied withont 
 resting or interruption in the course of our reading. 
 
 Lacht. 
 
 1004
 
 INT 
 
 Amidst, tlie interruptums of his sorrow, sceinfr 
 his pciiiieiit overwlu-lmeti with grief, he was only 
 able to bid her be comforted. Addison. 
 
 Interscapular, adj. [inter and scapu- 
 la, Lat.] Placed between tlic shoulders. 
 
 To Inteksci'nd. 1'. a. [inter andxcini/o, 
 Lat.] To cutoflFby interruption. D((<. 
 
 To Interscribe. v. a. [inter andscribo, 
 Lat.] To write between. Diet. 
 
 Interse'cant. adj. [i7itersccans, Lat.] 
 Dividing any thing into parts. 
 
 To INTEKSE'CT. v. a. [intcrseco, Lat] 
 To cut ; to divide each other mutually. 
 
 Perfect .iiid vivaporoiis quadrupeds so stand in 
 Oieir pi>siliiinofproi.eness,thatthp opposite joints 
 of neighbour legs consist in the same phine ; and a 
 line descending from tlieir navel iiiXersects at ri^ht 
 angles the axis of the earth. Brincn. 
 
 Excited liyavigorous loadstone, the needle will 
 somewhat depress its animated extreme, and in- 
 tersect the horizontal circumference. Broim. 
 
 To Interse'ct. v. n. To meet and cross 
 each other. 
 
 The sagittal suture usually begins at that point 
 where these lines intersect. IVisemans Surgerij. 
 
 Interse'ction. n. s. [inferscctio, Lat. 
 from intersect.] Point where lines cross 
 each other. 
 
 Thcj'did spoHt over interchangeably from side 
 to side in forms uf aiches, without any intersection 
 or meeting alofl, because the pipes were not op- 
 posite. '" Wottons Architecture. 
 
 Tile first star of Aries, in the time of Melon the 
 Athenian, was placed in the very intersection which 
 is now elongated, and moved eastward twenty- 
 eight degrees. Brotcn. 
 
 Ships would move in one and the same surface ; 
 and consequently must needs encntuiter, when 
 they either advance towards one another in direct 
 lines, or meet in the intersection of cross ones. 
 
 Bentley. 
 
 To INTERSE'RT. v. a. [intcrsero, Lat] 
 To put in between other things. 
 
 If I may iriferserta short speculation, the depth 
 of the sea is determined in Pliny to he fifteen 
 furlongs. Brerewood. 
 
 Intkrse'rtion. n. s. [from interseri.'] 
 An insertion, or thing inserted between 
 any thing. 
 
 These two intersertions were clear explications 
 of the apostle's old form, God the father, ruler of 
 fill, which contained an acknowledgment of the 
 unity. Hammond. 
 
 To Interspe'rse. v. a. [inferspersus, 
 Lat.] To scatter here and there among 
 other things. 
 
 The possibility of a body's moving into a void 
 space beyond the utmost bounds of body, as well 
 as into a void space intetspersed amongst ho<iies, 
 will always remain clear. Locke. 
 
 It is the editor's interest to insert what the au- 
 thor's judgment had rejected ; and care is taken 
 to iHtcrsTJerse these additions, so that scarce any 
 bo()k can be bought witlioutpurchasing something 
 unworthy of the author. SwjJ't. 
 
 Interspe'rsion. n.s. [from intersperse.] 
 The act of scattering here and there. 
 
 For want of the intcrspersion of now and then 
 an elegiac or a iyrick ode. Watts on the Miiid. 
 
 Interste'llar. adj. [inter and stella, 
 Lat.] Intervening between the stars. 
 
 The interstellar sky hath so much alhnity with 
 the star, that there is a rotation of that as well as 
 of the star. Bitctm. 
 
 I'nterstice. n.s. [interstitium, Lat. f«- 
 
 ter slice, Fr.] 
 1. Space between one tiling and another. 
 
 I N T 
 
 The sun shining tlrroug* a large prism upon a 
 comb [ihi-ed inunediatidy behind the prism, his 
 light, which passed through the iM(erst(Oes of the 
 teeth, fell upon a while paper; the breadths of 
 the teeth were equal to their interstices, and seven 
 teeth together with their mterjfices took up an inclj. 
 
 Ketfton. 
 
 The force of the fluid will separate the sniallest 
 particles which compose the lihres, so as to leave 
 vacant interstices in those places where they co- 
 hered before. Aihuihnot. 
 
 2. Time between one act and anotlier. 
 
 I will point out the int^r.'itices of time whicli 
 oucfht to oe between one citaiion and another. 
 
 Aylije's Fara-gon 
 
 Intersti'tial. adj. [from interstice.] 
 Containing inter.stices. 
 
 In oiled papers, tlte interstititil division being 
 actuated by the accession of oil, becometh more 
 transparent. Broifn. 
 
 Interte'xture. n. s. [interti.ro, Lat.] 
 
 Diversification of things mingled or 
 
 woven one among another. 
 
 To Intertwi'ne. ) V a.[inter andtwiiic. 
 
 To Intertwi'st. ^ or twist.] To 
 
 unite by twisting one in another. 
 
 TJufle.' some concourse of shades, 
 Whose brandling arms thick intertwin'd might 
 
 shield 
 From dews and dam|)s of night his shelter'd head. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 I'nterval. 71, s. ytntervalle, Fr. interval 
 htm, Lat.] 
 
 I . Space between places ; interstice ; va 
 cuity ; space unoccupied ; void place ; 
 vacancy ; vacant space. 
 
 With an3- ohstaclr let all the light be now stoj}- 
 ped which passes through any one interval of tlie 
 teeth, so that the range of colours which comes 
 from thence may be tukenaway, and you will see 
 the light of ilie test of the ranges to be expanded 
 into ti e place of the range taken away, and there 
 to be coloured. Newton's Opticks. 
 
 ■2. Tiine passing between two assignable 
 
 points. 
 
 The century and half following was a very busy 
 period, the intervals between every war being so 
 short. Sa-ilt. 
 
 3. Remission of a delirium or distemper. 
 
 Though he had a long illness, considering tlie 
 great heat with which it raged, yet his intervals 
 of sense being few and short, left but little room 
 for the oliices of devotion. Attcrhuru. 
 
 To Interve'ne. v. n. [intcrvenio, Lat. 
 intervenir, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To come between things or persons. 
 
 2. To make intervals. 
 
 ^Vhile so near each other thus all day 
 Our task we cliuse. what wonder, if so near, 
 Looks oiferrcnc, and smiles? Milton. 
 
 3. To cross unexpectedly. 
 
 Esteem the danger of an action, and the possibi- 
 lities of miscarriage, and every cross accident lliat 
 can intervene, to be eithe/ a mercy on God's part, 
 or a fault on ours. Tavlor. 
 
 Interve'ne. n.s. [from the verb.] Op- 
 position, or perhaps interview. A word 
 out of use. 
 
 They had some sharper and some milder dilTc- 
 reiices, which niiglit easily happen in such an in- 
 tervene of grandees, both vehement on the parts 
 which they swayed. Uitton. 
 
 Interve'nient. adj. [interveniens, Lat. 
 intervt nant, Fr.] Intercedent ; inter- 
 posed; passing between. 
 
 There be iutcvvenivnt in the rise of eight, in tones, 
 
 two bcmolls or half notes. Bacoti. 
 
 Many arts were used to discuss now ai^'ection : 
 
 all which nctniilijtanding, for I omit things in- 
 
 INT 
 
 tervementf there i« conveyed to Mr, \1llien an 
 intimation of the king's pleasure to be swoni hit 
 servant. Wotttn. 
 
 Interve'ntio.v. 71.5. \intervtntiontTj. 
 intervention Lat,] 
 
 1. Agency between persons. 
 
 Let us decide our ([uarrels at home, without the 
 intervention of any forcit;n [)owcr. Temple 
 
 God will judge tlic world in righteousness by 
 the viterotntion uf the man Chi i^t Jesus, who is the 
 Saviour, as well as the judge of the world. Attcrb, 
 
 2. Agency between antecedents and con- 
 sec utives. 
 
 In the dispensation of God's mercies to the 
 world, some ihiu^js he does hy liimselO oihers by 
 tiie intervt'ntion tif natural means, and by tlic nie- 
 diutiou of such instruments as he has appoinied. 
 
 L FMran^, 
 
 3. Interposition ; the state of being inter- 
 posed. 
 
 Sound is shut out by the tniervtution of that lax 
 memhrane, and nut suifcrcd to pass into the in- 
 ward ear. Holder. 
 
 To Interve'rt. v. fl. \intervertOj Lat.] 
 
 1, To turn to another course. 
 
 The duke inte-rvctted the bargain, and eave tlie 
 poor widow of Erpinus for the books fiveliundred 
 pounds. WoUon. 
 
 2. To turn to another use. 
 
 Interview, n. s, [ffittrvuey Fr.] Mu- 
 tual sight ; siglit of each other. It is 
 commonly used for a formal, appointed, 
 or important meeting or conference. 
 
 The day will come, when the passions of forracf 
 cnmitj* being allayed, we shall with ten times re- 
 doubled tokens of reconciled love shew ourselves 
 each towards other tlie same, which .Toseph and 
 tlie brethren of Joseph were at the time of their 
 intennetc in Envpt. Hooker* 
 
 His fears were, that the interview betwixt 
 Eiiglund and France miirht, throuch their amitv, 
 Brted him sane prejudice. Shakesp. H.\i\l. 
 
 Such happy interview, and fair event 
 Of lovf, and youth uot lost, songs, garlands, 
 
 flow'rs, 
 And charming symphonies, attached the heart 
 Of Adam. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 7b Intervo'lve. v. a. [infervolvo.Lat.] 
 To involve one within another. 
 
 Mystical dance! which yonder starry sphere 
 Of planets, and of fix'd, in all her wheels 
 Resend)Ies marest ; mazes intricate, 
 Eccentrick. intcrvofv'd, yet regular. 
 Then most, when mostlneguTar, tliey seem. MUt 
 
 To Interwe'ave, v. a. pretew inffnvove, 
 part. pass, initrtvotrii, intincoie^ ov in- 
 terurand. [inttr and wtave.] To mix 
 one with an*)ther in a regular texture; 
 to intf'rminijle. 
 
 Then 'aid him down 
 Under the hiis[nt:ible covert nigh 
 Of trees thick inUrwoven. Milttm. 
 
 At last 
 AVords itUeruxnx with sighs found out their w av. 
 
 Milion. 
 I sat me down lo watch upon a bank 
 \Vith ivy ciiiiopied, and inieruove 
 With Haunting honeysuckle. Milton, 
 
 ^one 
 Can say here nature ends, and art besins. 
 But nii.xt like th* elements, and born like twins, 
 So intcnirav'd^ so like, so much tl e same : 
 None, this mere nature, that mere art can name. 
 
 Dunham, 
 
 TIic proud iheatres disclose llie scene, 
 
 Whic)i intcnc^reix Uritons seem to raise. 
 
 And sliow tlie triuniph which their sliame di>- 
 
 l^lays. ^ Druden, 
 
 He so viteniearet truth with probable flccion, 
 
 that he puts u jileasing fallacy uimn ns. Ihrjden. 
 
 It .ippeared a vast ocean planted with islands, 
 
 that were covered witL fruits and flowers, and 
 
 1005
 
 I N T 
 
 mtcrivoven with a thousand little shining seas that 
 ran among theiu. Addhctn. 
 
 Orchard and flower-garden lie sn inixt and in- 
 terwoven with one aiiotlier, as to lotik like a natu- 
 ral wilderness. Spectator. 
 The Supreme Infinite could not make intelli- 
 gent creatures, without im|,iautinf^ in their na- 
 tures a niust ardent desire, interuoven in the sub- 
 stance of their spiritual natures, of \,e\n^ reunited 
 with himself. Cheijne's Fltil. rrinciples. 
 I do not nltngether disapprove the intn^weaviiig 
 texts of scripture through the style of your ser- 
 mon. Swift. 
 
 To Interwi'sh. v. a. [inter and wish.] 
 
 To wish mutually to each other. 
 
 The venom of all stepdames, gamester's gall, 
 AVIiat tyrants and their subjects interwisht 
 Ail ill fall on that man. Donne, 
 
 Intestable 
 
 I N T 
 
 adj. [inttstahilis, Lat.] 
 Disqualified to make a will. 
 
 A person excoininunicated is rendered infamous 
 and intestable both actively and passively. 
 
 Aiftiffys Parergon. 
 
 Inte'state. adj. [infestat, Fr. intesialus, 
 Lat,] Wanting a will ; dying without a 
 will. 
 
 Why should calamity be full of words r 
 —Windy attorneys to their client woes, 
 Air3' succeeders to intestate joys, 
 Poor breatliiiig orators of miseries. Shakesp, 
 
 Present punishment pursues his maw. 
 When surfeited and swell'd, the pcacnck raw, 
 He bears into the bath ; whence want of breath, 
 Repletions, apople.v, intestate death. Drijden. 
 
 Intesti'nal. adj. [intestiiudj Fr. from 
 iiitesfine.] Belonging to the guts. 
 
 The mouths of the lacteals are opened by the 
 intestina! tube, alFecting a straight instead of a 
 spiral cylinder. Arbuthnot. 
 
 INTE'STINE. adj. [intestin, Fr, intesti- 
 
 7iiis, Lat.] 
 
 1. Internal; inward; not external. 
 
 Of these inward and intestine enemies to prayer, 
 tliere are our past sins to wound us, our present 
 cares to distract us, our distempered passions to 
 <Iisorder us, and a whole swarm of loose and float- 
 ing imaginations to molest us. Diippa. 
 
 Intestine war no more our passions wage, 
 Ev'n giddy factions bear away their rage. Piype. 
 
 2. Contained in the body. 
 
 Intestine stone, and ulcer, cholick panes 
 And moon-struck madness. Milton s Far. Lost. 
 
 A wooden jack, which had almost 
 Lost, by disuse, the art to roast, 
 A sudden alteration feels, 
 Iiicreas'd b}- new intestine wheels. Swift. 
 
 3. Domestick, not foreign. I know not 
 whether the word be properly used in 
 the following example of Shakespeare: 
 perhaps for mortal and intestine should 
 be read mortal internecine. 
 
 Since tlie mortal and infesftHe jars 
 'Twixt thy seditious countrymen and us, 
 It hath in solenni synods been decreed, 
 T' admit no trtilhck to our adverse towns. Shakesp. 
 
 But Goii, or Nature, while tliey thus contend, 
 To these intestine discords put an end. Dryden. 
 
 She saw her sons witli purple death expire, 
 And dreadful series of intestine wars, 
 Inglorious triuinplis, and dishonest scars. Pope. 
 
 Inte'stine. 11. s. [intestinum, Lat. intes- 
 tine, Fr.] The gut ; the bouel : most 
 commonly without a singidar. 
 
 The intestines or guts may be inflamed by an 
 acrid suhstunce taken inwardlv. Arbuthnot on Diet. 
 
 lo TNTHRA'LL. v. a. [in and thrall.] 
 To enslave ; to shackle ; to reduce to 
 servitude. A word now seldom used, 
 at least in prose. 
 
 Wliat tliout;li 1 be inthraWd, he seems a knight. 
 And will not any way dishonour me. Shakesp. 
 
 The Turk has sought to extinguish tlie ancient 
 nieuiory of those people wliich he has subjected 
 and inihraWd. Haleigh. 
 
 Authors to themselves in all 
 Bi>t)i what they judge, and what they chuse ; for so 
 1 furm'd them free, and free thev mustrenuiin 
 Ti'l they inthrall themselves. Milton's Far. Lost. 
 
 She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind : 
 Why may not peace and love for once be join'd ? 
 
 Frior. 
 
 Inthral'ment. 71. s. [from inthrall.] 
 Servitude ; slavery. 
 
 Moses and Aaron, sent from God to claim 
 His people from inthrahnent, tliey return 
 ^Vith glory and spoil back to their promis'd land. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 To Inthro'ne. v. a. [in and thi'one.] To 
 raise to royalty ; to seat on a tlirone : 
 commonly enthrone. 
 
 One, chief, in gracious dignity inthrond, 
 Sliines o'er the rest. Thomson s Summer. 
 
 I'ntimacy. n,s, [from intimate.] Close 
 
 familiarity. 
 
 It is in our power to confine our friendships and 
 intimacies to men of virtue. Ro<^ers. 
 
 I "STiM ATE. adj. [intimado,Spsin. inti- 
 mifs, Lat.] ' 
 
 1. Inmost; inwhrd ; intestine. 
 
 They knew not 
 That what I menlion'd was of God, 1 knew 
 From intimate impulse. MillonsAgonistes. 
 
 Fear being so m^i'mafe to our natures, it is the 
 strongest bond of laws. Tillotson. 
 
 2. Near ; not kept at distance. 
 
 IMoses was wiih hl-m in the retirements of the 
 Mount, receiveil there his private instructions ; 
 and when tlie multitude were thundered away 
 from any approacli, lie was honoured with an inti- 
 mate and innuediale admission. South. 
 
 .'J. Familiar; close]}'' acquainted. 
 
 United by this sympathetick bond. 
 You grow familiar, intimate, and {inv]. Roscommon. 
 
 I'ntimate. n. s. [intimado, Span, intime, 
 Fr, intinuis, Lat 1 A familiar friend ; 
 one who is trusted with our thoughts. 
 
 The design was to entertain ins reason with a 
 more equal converse, ai^sign him an mtimnfe whose 
 intellect as much corresponded with his as did the 
 outward form. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 To I'NTIMATE. V. a. [intimery Fr. inti- 
 mare, low Lat.] To hint ; to point out in- 
 directly, or not very plainly. 
 
 Alexander Van Sucliten tells us, that by a way 
 he intimates, may be made a mercury of copper, 
 not of the silver colour of other mercuries, but 
 green, Boyle. 
 
 The names of simple ideas and substances, with 
 the abstract ideas in the mind, intimate some real 
 existence, from which was derived their original 
 pattern. Locke. 
 
 Tis the Divinity that stirs within us : 
 'Tis Heav'n itself that points out an hereafter, 
 And intiynates ete-uity to man. Addison s Cato. 
 
 I'ntimately. adv. [from intimate.] 
 
 1. Closely ; v.ith intermixture of parts. 
 
 The same economy is observed in the circula- 
 tion of the chyle with the blood, by mixing it 
 intimately with the parts of the fluid to which it is 
 to be assimilated. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. Nearly ; inseparably. 
 
 Quality, as it regards the mind, has its rise from 
 
 knowledge and virtue, and is that wliich is more 
 
 essential to us, and more intimately united with us. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 3. Familiarly ; with close friendship. 
 Intima'tion. n. s. [intimatio^i, Fr. from 
 
 intimate.] Hint ; obscure or indirect 
 declaration or direction. 
 
 Let him strictly observe the first stirrrings and 
 intimations; the tirst liints and whispers of good 
 and evil that pass in his heart. South, 
 
 I N T 
 
 Of those that 'are only probable we have soma 
 reasonable intimatimis, but not a demonstratiro 
 certainty. Woodward. 
 
 Besides the more solid parts of learning, there 
 are several little intimations to be met with on me- 
 ^ t'^'s. Addison. 
 
 Fntime. adj. Inward ; being within the 
 mass ; not being external, or on the sur- 
 face ; internal. Not used. 
 
 As to the composition or dissoluticm of mixed 
 bodies, whicli is the chief work of elements, and 
 requires an intime application of the agents, watei 
 hath the principality and excess over earth. 
 
 Digby on Bodies. 
 
 To Fntimidate. v. a. [intimider, Fr. m 
 and timidusy Lat.] '1 o make fearful ; 
 to dastardise; to make cowardly. 
 
 At that tribunal stands the writing tribe, 
 Which nothing can intimidate or bribe ; 
 Time is the judge. Young. 
 
 Now guilt once harbour'd in the conscious 
 breast, 
 Intimidates the brave, degrades the great. Irene. 
 
 INTFRE. 72. s. [integer J Lat. eniierj Fr. 
 better written entire, which see, and all 
 its derivatives.] Whole; undiminished; 
 unbroken . 
 
 The lawfid power nf making laws, to command 
 whole politick societies of men, heiongeth so pro- 
 perly unto the same intire societies, that for any 
 prince to exercise tlie same of himself, and not 
 either by express connnission immediately and 
 personally received from God, or else by authority 
 derived at the first Uuxn their consent upon wKose 
 persons he imposes laws, it is no heller than mere 
 tyranny. Hooker^ 
 
 Inti'reness. 72. 5. [from intire^ better 
 tntireness.] Wholeness ; integrity 
 
 So shall all times find me the same ; 
 You this intireitess better may fulfil, 
 Who have tlie pattern with you still. Donne^ 
 
 I'nto. prep, [in and to.] 
 
 1. Noting entrance with regard to place ; 
 opposed to out of. 
 
 \Vater introduces into vegetables the matter it 
 bears along with it. Woodward's Nat. Hist. 
 
 Acrid substances, which pass into ihe capillary 
 
 tubes, must irritate them into greater contraction. 
 
 Arbuthnot on Aliments. 
 
 2. Noting entrance of one thing into ano- 
 ther. 
 
 If iron will acquire by mere continuance an ha- 
 bitual inclination to the site it held, how nmch 
 more may education, being a constant pli^dit and 
 inurcmejit, induce by custom good habits into a 
 reasonable creature r Wottcn. 
 
 To give life to that which has yet no being, is 
 to frame a living creature, fashion the par's, and 
 having fitted them together, to put info them a 
 living sodl. Locke. 
 
 3. Noting penetration beyond the outside, 
 or some action which reaches beyond the 
 superficies or open part. 
 
 To look m(o letters already opened or drop t is 
 held an ungenerous act. Pope. 
 
 4f. Noting inclusion real or figurative. 
 
 They have denominated some herbs solar and 
 some lunar, and such like toys put into great 
 words. Bacon. 
 
 5. Noting a new state to "which any ihing 
 is brought by the agency of a cause. 
 
 Compound bodies may be resolved jutj other 
 substances than such as they are divided into by 
 the fire. Boylt. 
 
 A man must sin himself into a love of other 
 mens sins ; for a bare notion of this black art will 
 not carry him so far. South. 
 
 Sure thou art born to some peculiar fate, 
 
 When the mad people rise against the slate. 
 To look them into dut^- ; and command 
 An awful silence with thy lifted hand. Drydtn^ 
 
 1006
 
 I X T 
 
 It concerns every man that would not trifle 
 nwav Ills soul, and fool himself i?i/u irrccoverahli- 
 niist'rv, with the greatest seriousness to encjuirc 
 into ihcbC umltcrs, TttlotMn. 
 
 He is not a frail being, that lie should be tired 
 into coinpiiance by the force of assiduous appli- 
 cation. Smalyi(}<^c. 
 
 In hollow bottoms, if any fountains chiiucc to 
 rise, they naturally spread themselves into lakes, 
 before they can find any issue. Addison on Italif, 
 
 It would have been ail irretrievably lost, was it 
 !iot by this means collected and brought into one 
 mass. Woodward. 
 
 VViiy are these positions charged upon me as 
 their mjIc author; and the reader led info a belief, 
 that they were never before maintained by any 
 person of virtue ? Atlerbnry. 
 
 It is no ways congruous, that God should he 
 always triuhlening men into an acknowledgment 
 of the Irutli, who were made to be wrought upon 
 by calm evi'iciice. Atterburu. 
 
 A man may whore and drink himself into 
 atheism ; but it is impossible he should think him- 
 self into it. Bentlt'u- 
 
 Into'lerable. adj, \intolerahUis, Lat. 
 ijitoicrabley Fr.] 
 
 1. Insuperable; not to be endured; not 
 to be born ; having any quality in a de- 
 gree too powerfid to be endured. 
 
 If we briui: into one day's thoughts the evil of 
 many, o-rtaiu and uncertain, what will be and 
 what will never be, our load will be as intolerable 
 as it is unreasonable. Taylor. 
 
 His awful presence did the crowd surprize. 
 Nor durst the rash spectator meet his eyes ; 
 
 Eyes that cunfess'd him born for kingly sway. 
 So fierce, tliey flash'd intolerable day. Dryden. 
 
 Some men are quickly wearv of one thing : the 
 same stud^' long continued in is as intolerable to 
 them, as the appearing long in the same clothes 
 is to a court lady. Locke. 
 
 From Paiani's top th' Amighty rode, 
 Litolerable day proclaimed the God. Broome. 
 
 2. Bad beyond sufferance. 
 
 Into'lerableness. n.s. [^om intoler- 
 able.] Quality of a thing not to be 
 endured. 
 
 Into'lerably. adv. [from intolerable.] 
 To a degree beyond endurance. 
 
 Into'lerant. adj. [intolerant, Fr.] 
 Not enduring; not able to endure. 
 
 Too great moisture affects human bodies with 
 one class of diseases, and too great dryness with 
 another ; the powers of liuman bodies being 
 limited and intolerant of excesses. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Jb Into'mb. r. «. [in and tomb.] To in- 
 close in a funeral monument ; to bury. 
 
 ^Vhat connuandment had the Jews for tlic cere- 
 mony of odours used about the bodies of the 
 tlead, after which custom notwithstanding our 
 Lord was contented that his own most precious 
 bli'od should be intomb'd? Hooker. 
 
 Is't night's predominance or the day's shame, 
 That darkness does the face of earth intomb i Shak. 
 
 Mighty lieroes more majestick shades. 
 And youths intotnb'd before their father's eyes. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 To I'NTONATE. v. a. [iiitono, Lat.] 
 To tlmnder. Diet. 
 
 Intonation, ji.s. [intonation, Tr. from 
 intonati; the act of thundering. Diet. 
 
 To Into'ne. r. n. [from intuno, or ra- 
 ther from tone; iiitonner, I'r.] To 
 make a slow protracted noise. 
 
 So swells eacli wind-pijie ; ass intones to ass 
 Harnionick twang. Pope's Duticiad. 
 
 To Into'rt. v. a. [iiitortuo, Lat.] To 
 twist ; to wreatli ; to wring. 
 
 Ttie brain is a congeries of glands, that separate 
 tlie finer parts of the bloud, called animal spirits : 
 and a gland is nothing but a canai variously i;i- 
 torted and wound up together. ArbuOimt. 
 
 I N 
 
 T 
 
 With rcv'rent hand the king presents the gold, 
 Which round th' intoned horns the gilder roll'd. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To lNTO'XIC.\TE. v. a. [in and tcxi- 
 cum, Lat.] To inebriate ; to make 
 drunk. 
 
 The more a man drinketh of tlie world, the 
 more it intoiicatcth ; and age doth profit rather in 
 the powers of understanding, llian in the virtues 
 of the will and atleclions. ISacon. 
 
 As with new wine intoxicated both. 
 They swim in mirth, and fancy that they feci 
 Divinity within them breeding wings. 
 Wherewith to scorn the earth. Milton. 
 
 I\Iy early mistress, now my ancient muse. 
 That* strong Circean lic^uor cease t' infuse, 
 Whereuiih tliou didst intoxicate my youtli. Denh. 
 
 What part of wild fury was there in the bac- 
 chanals which we have not seen equall'd, if not 
 exceeded by some intoxicated zeuiots? 
 
 Decay of Pietu. 
 
 Others, after having done fine tilings, yet spoil 
 tiiera by endeavouring to make tliem better ; arid 
 are so 'intoiicctted with an earnest desire of being 
 above all others, that they sutler themselves to be 
 deceived, Driidens Duf'resnou. 
 
 A egetables by fermentation are wrought up to 
 spirituous lirjuors, having ditTerent qualities from 
 the plant ; for no fruit taken crude lias the intoii- 
 catinp quality of wine. Aibutlmot. 
 
 Intoxic.Vtion. n.s. [from inlo.xicnle.] 
 Inebriation ; ebriety ; the act of making 
 drtiiik; the state of deing drunk. 
 
 That kiiig, being in amity with him, did so 
 biun in hatred towards him, as to drink of the lees 
 and dregs of Perkin's intoxication, who was every 
 where else delected. Bacon. 
 
 Whence can this proceed, but from that besot- 
 tiii:: inicxicatioji which verbal magick brings upou 
 the'uiind. " Smth. 
 
 Intra'ctable. adj. [intractahiUs, Lat. 
 intruitabk, Fr.] 
 
 1. Ungovernable; violent; stubborn; ob- 
 stinate. 
 
 To love them who love us is so natural a pas- 
 sion, that even the most intractable tempers obey 
 its force. Rogers. 
 
 2. Unmanageable; furious. 
 
 By what means serpents, and other noxious 
 and 'more intractable kintls, as well as the more 
 innocent and useful, got together. M'oodiiard. 
 
 Intra'ctableness. n.s. [from intract- 
 able.] Obstinacy ; perverseness. 
 
 Intra'ctacly. aJv. [froi-n intractable.] 
 Unmanageably ; stubbornly. 
 
 Intranijui'llity. n.s. [in a-nd tran- 
 gnillili/.] Unqiiietness ; want of rest. 
 Jactations were used for amusement, and allay 
 in constant pains, and to relieve that intran- 
 quillim which makes men impatient of lying in 
 their beds. Temjite. 
 
 Intra'nsitive. adj. [intransiiivns, 
 Lat.] [In grammar.] .A verb inlran- 
 sitii'e is tiiat which signifies an action, 
 not conceived as having an effect upon 
 any object ; as, eurro, 1 run. 
 
 Clarke's Lat. Gram. 
 
 Intransmu'table. adj. [in and irans- 
 muiable.] Unchangeable to any other 
 substance. 
 
 S jiiie of the most experienced chemists do 
 alTirm ipiicksilver to be inUansnmtahle, and there- 
 fore call it liipuir aiternus. Pay on the Creation. 
 
 To Intre'a.sure. V a. [in imd treasure.] 
 To lay up as in a ti-easury. 
 
 There is a history in all men's lives 
 Figuring the nature of the times deceas'd ; 
 The wh.cll observ'd, a man may prophesy. 
 With a near aim, of the main chance ol things 
 As yet not come to life, which in their seeds 
 And weak beginnings he iiUreusur'd. Shahesp. 
 
 I X T 
 
 To Intre'nch. !'. n. [in and Ireneher, 
 Fr.] To in\'ade ; to encroach ; to cut 
 off part of what belongs to another : 
 witii on. 
 
 Little I desire my sceptre should intrench on 
 God's sovereignly, which is tlie only king of 
 men's consciences. A'oj^ Charles. 
 
 That crawling insect, who from mud began, 
 Wann'd by my beams, and kindled into man 1 
 Durst he, who does but for my pleasure live. 
 Intrench on love, my great prerogative, Dnjden. 
 
 We are not to intrench upon truth in any con- 
 versation, but least of all with children. Locke. 
 
 To Intrench, v. a. 
 
 1. To break witli hollows. 
 
 His fare 
 Deep scars of thunder had intrench'd, and care 
 Sal on his faded cheek. Milton i Parad. Lost. 
 
 •2. To fortify witii a trench : as, the allies 
 were intrenelitd in their camp. 
 
 Intre'nchant. adj. [This word, which 
 is, I believe, found only in Shakespeare, 
 is thus explained : I'h.e inlrenchant air 
 means the air wiiieh suddenly encroaches 
 and closes upon the space left by any 
 body which had passed through it. 
 Hanmer. I believe Shakespeare in- 
 tended rather to express the idea of in- 
 divisibility or invulnerableness, and de- 
 rived intreiiehant, from in privative, 
 and trinc/ier to cut; intrenehant is in- 
 deed properly not cnl'.ing, rather than 
 not to be cut ; but this is not the only 
 instance in which .S/iakispeare con- 
 founds words of active and passive sig- 
 nification.] Not to be divided ; not to 
 be wounded ; indivisible. 
 
 .^s easy may 'st thou the intrenehant air 
 With thy keen sword impress, as make roe bleed. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 Intre'nchment. n. s. [from itilrench.] 
 
 Fortification with a trench. 
 Intrepid, adj. [inlrepede, Fr. intrepi- 
 
 dus, Lat.] Feai-less; daring; bold; 
 
 brave. 
 
 Argyle 
 Calm and intrepid ni the very throat 
 Of sulphurous war, on Tenier's dreadful field. 
 
 Thomson . 
 
 Intrepi'dity. n. s. [intrepidilf, Fr.] 
 Fearlessness; courage; boldness. 
 
 1 could not sullicicully wonder at the intrtpidity 
 
 f these diminutive mortals, who durst venture to 
 
 «:.lk upon my body, without trembling Oultiter. 
 
 Intrepidly, ade. [from intrepid.] 
 Fe.irlessly ; boldly ; daringly. 
 
 He takes the slohc for the scene ; lie launches 
 forward intrepidly, like one to whom no place is 
 new. Pope. 
 
 Intricacy, n.s. [from in/r/crt/e.] State 
 of being entangled ; perplexity ; invo- 
 lution ; compHcation of facts or notions. 
 
 Tlie part <if I'lysses ill Homer's Odyssey is 
 much admired by Aristotle, as perplexing that 
 fable w ith very agreeable plots and iiitn'cacifs, by 
 the many adventures in Ins voyage, and the sub- 
 tiltv of his behaviour. Addison. 
 
 rNTIllCATE. adj. [intricatnt, Lat.] 
 Entiinglcd ; perplexed ; involved ; coiti- 
 plicated ; obscure. 
 
 Much of that »c are to speak may seem to a 
 number perhaps tedious, perhaps obscure, dark 
 and intricate. Hooker. 
 
 His stile was fit to convey the most inMcate 
 business to the understanding with the ulm.)st 
 clearness. Addison. 
 
 1007
 
 INT 
 
 To I'ntricate. v. a. [from the ac^ec- 
 tive.] To perplex , to darken. Not 
 proper , nor in use. 
 
 Alterations of sirnaiues have so inlricnted, or ra- 
 ttier obscured tlie truth of our pedigrees, that it 
 will be uo little hard labour to deduce them. Ciimd. 
 
 I'ntuicately. adv. [from inli-itaic] 
 W ith involution of one in another ; 
 with perplexity. 
 
 That variety' of factions into which we are so intrl- 
 Cflfc^yenganed, gave occasion to this divcourse. Sw. 
 I'ntricateness. 71. s. [from intricate.] 
 Perplexity ; involution ; obscurity. 
 
 He found such intricateness, that he could see 
 no waj to lead hira out of the maze. Sidney. 
 
 INTRIGUE, n. s. [intrigue, Fr.] 
 1. A plot ; a private transaction in which 
 many parties are engaged ; usually an 
 affair of love. 
 
 These are the grand intrigues of man. 
 These his huge thoughts, and thsse his vast desires. 
 
 Flatman. 
 A young fellow long made love, with much arti- 
 fice and intrigue, to a rich vi'idow. Addis. Guardian. 
 The hero of a comedy is represented victorious 
 in all his intrigues. Swift. 
 
 Now love is dwindled to intrigue. 
 And marriage grown a money league. Sidj't. 
 
 '2. Intricacy ; complication. Little in use. 
 
 Tlioush this vicinity of ourselves to ourselves 
 cannot give us the full prospect of all the intrigues 
 of our nature, yet we have much more advantage 
 to know ourselves, thati to know other tilings 
 without us. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 
 
 3. The complication or perplexity of a 
 fable or poem ; artful involution of 
 feigned transaction. 
 
 As causes are the beginning of the action, the 
 opposite designs against that of the hero are the 
 middle of it, and lorm that difliculty or intrigue 
 which makes up the greatest part of ilie poem. /'c/ie. 
 
 Jb Intri'gue. v.n. [intriguer, Fr. from 
 the noun.] To form plots ; to carry on 
 private designs, commonly of love. 
 
 Intriguer, n. s. [intriguer, Fr. from 
 intrigue.] One who busies himself in 
 private transactions ; one who forms 
 plots ; one who pursues women. 
 
 I desire that intriguers will not make a pimp of 
 my lion, and convey their thoughts to one ano- 
 ther. Addison. 
 
 Intri'guingly. adr. [from intrigue.] 
 With intrigue ; with secret plotting. 
 
 INTRINSECAL. adj. [intrinsecus, Lat. 
 intrinsique, Fr.] This word is now 
 generally written inirinsical, contrary 
 to etymology. 
 
 1. Internal ; solid ; natural ; not acciden- 
 tal ; not merely apparent. 
 
 These measure the laws of God not by the in- 
 triji5eca/ goodness and equity of them, but by re- 
 luctancy and opposition which they find in their 
 own hearts against them. Tillotson. 
 
 The near and intrinsecal, and convincing argu- 
 ment of the being of God. is from human nature 
 itself. " Bcnticy. 
 
 2. Intimate ; closely familiar. Out of use. 
 
 He falls into iiitiinsccai society with Sir John 
 Graham, who dissuaded him from marriage. Wot. 
 
 Sir Fulk Greville w as a man in appearance in- 
 trinsecal with him, or at least admitted to his me- 
 Janciioly hours. Wotton. 
 
 Intri'nsically. adv. [from intrinsecal.] 
 1. Internally ; naturally ; really. 
 
 A lye is a thing absolutely and intrinsecally evil. 
 
 South. 
 
 Et'ery one of his pieces is an ingot of gold, in- 
 
 trirvieeuUu and solidly valuable. Frior. 
 
 S. Within ; at the inside. 
 
 INT 
 
 In his countenance no open aJteraticii ; but the 
 less he sliewed witiiuut, tlie more it wroutiht in- 
 tr'uisecallii. U'ottoji 
 
 If once bereaved of motion, matter cannot of 
 itself acquire it asnin ; nor tili it be tlirust by 
 some otiier boiy from without, or intrin^ecallu 
 moved by an ini material seif-active substance 
 tliat can pervade it. Bcntlcii 
 
 Intri'nsick. adj. [intrinsccus, Lat.] 
 
 1. inward; internal; real; true. 
 
 Intntisick goodness consists in accordance, and 
 sinincontrariety to the secret will of God, as weli 
 as to his revealed. Hanunond's Fundamentals. 
 
 2. Not depending on accident ; fixed in 
 the natnre of the thing'. 
 
 The difterence between woith and merit, strictly 
 taken; tliat is, a man's intruisick: this, his cur- 
 rent value. Grew. 
 
 His fame, like gold, the more 'tis trv'd 
 Tiie more shall its iittrinsick worth proclaim. Pn>r. 
 
 Beautiful as a jewel set in g"ld, which, though it 
 adds little to iiitrimick value, yet improves the 
 lustre, and attracts the eyes of the beholder. i?oo^ers. 
 
 Intri'nsecate. aiy. [This word seems 
 to have been i^norantly formed between 
 intricate and intrhtsecal.^ Perplexed ; 
 entangled. Not in use. 
 
 Such smilinc; rogues as these. 
 Like rats, oft bite the holy cords in twain. 
 Too intniisecute t'uniouse. Shakesp, hinir Lear. 
 
 Come, mortal wretch. 
 With thy sharp teeth tliis knot intrinsicate 
 Of life at once untye. Shah A ntonii and Cleopatra . 
 
 To INTRODUCE, v. a. [inlroduco, Lat. 
 introduire, !■>.] 
 
 1. To conduct or usher into a place, or to 
 a person. 
 
 Mathematicians of advanced speculations may 
 have other ways to introduce into their minds ideas 
 of infinity. Locke. 
 
 2. To bring something into notice or prac- 
 tice. 
 
 This vulvar error whosoever is able to reclaim, 
 he shall introduce anew wa3' of cure, preserving bv 
 theory as well as practice. Broivn's Vi'lg. Err. 
 
 An author who should introduce zi sport of words 
 upon the stage, would meet with small applause. 
 
 Broome. 
 
 3. To produce ; to give occasion to. 
 
 Whatsoever mf7-o(/»cfsliabits in children, deserves 
 the care and attention of their governors. Locke. 
 
 4. To bring into writing or discourse by 
 proper preparatives. 
 
 If he will introduce himself by prefaces, we 
 cannot help it. Layer s Trial. 
 
 Introdu'cer, n.s. [introducicnr, l"r. 
 from introduce.^ 
 
 1. One who conducts another to a place 
 or person. 
 
 2. Any one who brings any thing into 
 practice or notice. 
 
 The beginning of the earl of Essex I must at- 
 tribute to my lord of Leicester ; but yet as an 
 introducer ox supp(irter, not as a teacher. Wotton. 
 
 It is commonly charged upon the army, that the 
 beastly vice of drinking to excess hath been lately, 
 from theirexample, restored among us ; but wlm- 
 ever the introducers were, they have succeeded to 
 a miracle. Hu-ijt. 
 
 Introdu'ction. Tt.s [introducti07h Vy. 
 introduction Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of conducting or ushenng to 
 any place or person ; the state of being 
 ushered or conducted. 
 
 2. The act of bringing any new thing 
 into notice or practice. 
 
 The archbishop of Canterbury had pursued 
 the introductiym of the liturgy and the canons into 
 Scotland with great vehemence. Clarendon. 
 
 3. The preface or part of a book contain- 
 ing previous matter. 
 
 i:,'; 
 
 INT 
 
 Intro DU'CTIVE. ndj. [introdmtif,Tr. 
 from introduce.] Ser\ing as the means 
 to soniethinjj else. 
 The truths of Christ crucified, is the Christian'! 
 hilusophy, and a good life is the Christian's 
 ogick ; that great instrumental introductirt art, 
 that must guide the mind into the former. South. 
 
 Introductory, adj. [from iniroduc- 
 tus, Lat.] Previous ; serving as a means 
 to something- further. 
 
 This introductiirii discourse itself is to be Imtan 
 essay, ntii a book. Botik. 
 
 Inirogre'ssion. n. s. [inlrogressio, 
 Lat.] Entrance ; the act of ente, ing. 
 
 In'TRo'it. n.s. [introit, Vr.] The begii>- 
 ning of the mass ; the beginning of 
 publick devotions. 
 
 Intromi'ssion. n.s. [intromissio,'La.t.'\ 
 
 1. The act of sending in. 
 
 Ifsightbe caused by intromission, or receiving fn 
 the form of that which is seen, contrary species 
 or forms shall be received confusedly together, 
 which Aristotle shews to be absurd. Feucham. 
 
 Ail the reason that I could ever hear idledged by 
 the chief factors for a general intromission o! all 
 sects and persuasions into ourcunimuiiion, is, that 
 those who separate from us are stilf and obstinate, 
 and will not submit to the rules of our church, and 
 that therefore they should be taken away. South. 
 
 2. [In the Scottish law] The act of ir^ 
 termeddling with another's effects ; as, 
 he .t/iall be brought to an iicco7int for 
 his intromissions with siieh an estate. 
 
 To Intromit, r. a. [intromitto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To send in ; to let in ; to admit. 
 
 2. To allow to enter ; to be the medium 
 by which an)' thing enters. 
 
 Glass in the window intromits light withoutcold 
 to those in the room. Holder. 
 
 Tinged bodies and liquors reflect some sorts of 
 rays, and ijitromit or transmit other sorts. Neieion. 
 
 To Introspe'ct. v. a. [inlrospcctus, 
 Lat.] To take a view of the inside. 
 
 Introspection, n. s. [from intra. 
 spect.] A view of the inside. 
 
 The actings of the mind or imagination itself, 
 by way of letlectioir or introspection of themselves, 
 are disceriiible by man. ?lale. 
 
 I was forced to make an intro^ection into my 
 own mind, and into that idea of beauty which I 
 have formed in my own iniaginatioii. Dryden, 
 
 Introve'nient. adj. [intra anA txnio, 
 Lat.] Entering; coming in. 
 
 Scarce any condition which is not exhausted 
 and obscured, from the commi.Uure of introvenieni 
 nations, either by commerce or conquest. Brcnen. 
 
 To I\TRUT)E. r. n. [infrutlo, I.xtt.] 
 
 1. To come in unwelcome by a kind of 
 violence ; to enter without invitation or 
 permission. 
 
 Thy years want wit, thy wit wants edge 
 And manners to intrude w here I am grac'd. Shah. 
 
 The Jewish religion was yet in possession ; and 
 therefore that this might so enter, as not to in* 
 trude, it was to bring its warrant from the same 
 hand of ouiiiipotence. South. 
 
 2. It is followed by on before persons, or 
 
 personal possessions. 
 
 Forgive luc fair one, if officious fi^iendship 
 Intrudes on yum repose, and conies thus late 
 To i;reet you with the tidings of success. Uoire. 
 
 SVjinc thoughts ri?e and intrude upon us, while 
 we shun them ; others fly from us, when we would 
 hold them. _ Il'aftJ. 
 
 3. To encroach ; to force in uncalled or 
 unpermitted: sometimes with into. 
 
 Let no man beguile you of your reward, in a 
 voluntary humility, an^ worshipping of angels, 
 intruding into those things w hich he hath not seen 
 bv his fleshly mind. Ccl. ii. 10. 
 
 loua
 
 I X T 
 
 To Istru'de r. a. To force without 
 right or welcome ; commonly with the 
 reciprocal pronoun. 
 
 Not to intrude one's self into xhe masteries of go- 
 vernment, wiiicli llie prince keeps secnjt.is repre- 
 sented hy the winds sluit up in a bull hide, which 
 the companions of Ulysses would uteds be so 
 fooliali as to pry into. Pope. 
 
 Intruder, n. s. [from intrude.] One 
 who forces himself into company or af- 
 fairs without rinjht or welcome. 
 
 Unin^iimerlv intruder as lliou urt ! Shakesp. 
 
 Go, bn^e intruder ! over-weening slave ! 
 Bestow lliv fawning Muiles on equal mates SJmh. 
 
 They were hut intruders upon the possession, 
 during the minority of llie heir : tlie^ knew tiiose 
 lands were the rightful inheritance of that young 
 ladv. Vavies on Ireland. 
 
 Will you, a bold intniWer, never learn 
 To know your basket, and your bread discern ? 
 
 Druden. 
 
 She had seen a great variety of faces : they 
 were all strangers and intruders, such as she had 
 no acquaintance with. ^ Locke. 
 
 The whole fraternity of writers rise up in arms 
 
 against every new intruder into the world of fame. 
 
 Addison's Freeholder. 
 
 Intrusion, n. s. [intrunionjFr, intru- 
 st Oj Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of thrusting or forcing any 
 thing or person into any place or state. 
 
 Wany excellent strains have been jostled off by 
 iJie intntsions of poetical fictions. Brovm. 
 
 TIjc separation of the parts of one body, upon 
 the intrusion of another, and the change from rest 
 to motion upon impulse, and the like, seem to 
 have some connection. Locke. 
 
 2. Encroachment upon any person or place; 
 unwelcome entrance ; entrance without 
 invitation or permission. 
 
 I tliink myself in better plight fur a lender tlian 
 YOU are, the which hath something emboldened 
 rae to this unseasoned intrusion ; for they say, if 
 money go before, all ways do lie open. Shahesp. 
 
 Fro^s, lice, and fiies, must all his palace fill 
 With I alh'd intrusion. Milton's Famdise Lost, 
 
 How's this, my son ? \\ hv this intrusion^ 
 'Were not my orders that I should be private ? 
 
 Addison s Cato. 
 
 I may close, after so long an intrnsion upon your 
 foeditalions. Wakens Preparation for Death. 
 
 3. A oluntary and uncalled undertaking of 
 any thing. 
 
 • It will be said, I handle an art no way suitable 
 either to my employment or fortune, and so stand 
 charged with intrusion and iinpertinency. Wotton. 
 
 To Intru'st. v. a. [in and trust.] To 
 treat with confidence ; to charge with 
 any secret commission, or thing of va- 
 lue ; as, we intrust another ivit/i some- 
 thing ; or we intrust something to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 His majesty had a solicitous care for the pay- 
 ment of his debts ; though in such a manner, that 
 none of the duke's officers were intrusted with the 
 know ledge of it. Clarendon. 
 
 Ilcceive my counsel, and securely move ; 
 Intrust thy fortune to the pow'rs above. Dryden. 
 
 Are not the lives of those, wlio draw the sword 
 In Rome's defence, intrusted to our care ? Addison. 
 
 He composed his billet-doux, and at the time 
 appointed went to intrust it to the hands of his 
 confidant. Arhuttniot. 
 
 Intui'tion. n. s. [infuituSyintueor, Lat] 
 
 1. Sight of any thing ; used commonly of 
 
 mental view. Immediate knowledge. 
 
 At our rate of judging, St. Paul had passed for 
 R most malicious persecutor ; whereas God saw he 
 did it ignorantly in unbelief, and upon that intui- 
 tion had mercy on him. Government of the Tongue. 
 
 The truth of these propositions w*e know bj" a 
 bare simple intuition of the ideas, and such propo- 
 sitions are called self-evident. Locke. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 I N V 
 
 2. Kiwwletlge rot obtained by deduction 
 of reason, but instantaneously accom- 
 pany the ideas which are its object. 
 
 All knowledge of caust-s is deductive; for wc 
 know none by simple intuition, but through tht? 
 medialion of their etiects; for tfie casualitv itself 
 is insensible. CUtnville. 
 
 Discourse was then almost as quick as intuititm. 
 
 South. 
 
 He their single virtues did survey. 
 B}' intuition in his own large breast. Drijdtn. 
 
 iNTu'rnvE. adj, [intuitivus^ low Lat. 
 intvitij) i"r.] 
 
 1. Seen by the mind immediately without 
 the intervention of argument or testi- 
 mony. 
 
 Immediate perception of the agreement aiid dis- 
 agreement of two ideas, is when, by comparing 
 them togetlier in our minds, we see their agree- 
 ment or disagreement j this therefore is called in- 
 tuiiiie knowledge. Locke. 
 
 Liofty fligltts of ihoaght, and almost intuitive 
 perception of abstruse notions, or exalted disco- 
 veries of niMhematical theorems, we sometimes 
 sec exi.steiit in one person. Benlley. 
 
 2. Seeing, not barely believing. 
 
 Faith, begiiniing here with a weak apj)rphen- 
 sion of things not seen, endeth with the intuittre 
 vision <jf God in the world to come. Hooker. 
 
 3. Having the power of discovering truth 
 immediately without ratiocination. 
 
 The rule of ghostly or immaterial natures, as 
 spirits and angels, is their intuitive intelKctual 
 judgment, concerning the amiable beauty and high 
 goodness of that object, which, with unspehkahic 
 joy and delight, doth set them on work. Hooker. 
 
 The soul receives 
 Discursive oi mtuUiie. Milton. 
 
 Intui'tively. adv, [intuit ivrmenf, Fr.] 
 A\ithout decJuction of reason ; by imme- 
 diate perception. 
 
 That our love is sound and sincere, that it com- 
 eth fnmi a pure heart, and a good conscience, :;nd 
 a fr.iili unteigned, w ho can pronounce, savinfonlv 
 the searcher of all men's hearts, who alone tntiti- 
 tivelij doih know in this kind who are his? Hooker. 
 
 God Almighty, «ho sees all things intnitivclij, 
 does not want logical helps. Baker on Learning. 
 
 Intume'scence. \n. s, [intumescence, 
 Intume'scency. J Fr. intumcsco, Lat.] 
 
 Swell ; tumour ; the act or state of 
 
 swelling. 
 
 According to the temper of the terreous parts 
 at the hottum, as they are more hardly or easiiv 
 moved, they variously begin, continue, or end 
 their intumescencies. Broun. 
 
 This s;ihterrar,ean heat causes a great rarefac- 
 tion and intumescence of the water of the ahvss, 
 putting it into very great commotions, and occa- 
 sions an earthquake. \Vix>du:urd. 
 
 Inturge'scence. 71. s. [in and tur- 
 gesco, Lat.] Swelling ; the act or state 
 of swelling. 
 
 Not by attenuation of the upper part of the sea, 
 but mfur^'esoenciVs caused first at the bottom, and 
 carrying the upper j^art of it before them. Brown. 
 
 Intu'se. n. s. [intusus, Lat.] Bruise. 
 
 She did search the swelling bruze. 
 And having search'd the tn/u5e deep, 
 She bound it with her scarf. Spenser. 
 
 To I NTAVi'ne. r. a. [in and twine.] 
 
 1. To twist, or wreath together. 
 
 This opinion, though false, yet tntvrined with a 
 true, that the souls of men do never perish, abated 
 the fear of death in them. Hooker. 
 
 2. To be inserted by being wreathed or 
 twisted. 
 
 The vest and veil divine, 
 Which wand'iing foliage and rich flow'rs intvrine. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Tt^INVA'DE. i\ a, [invado, Lat.] 
 
 I N V 
 
 I. To attack a country ; to make an hostil. 
 entrance. 
 
 He will invade them with troops. Hal'h. 
 
 Should he invade any part of their country, he 
 would soon see that nation up in arms. Knoiif^. 
 
 Wiih dang'rous expedition tliey intade 
 Heav'ji, whose hiph walU fear no assault. MUtom. 
 
 Thy race in times to couic 
 Shall spreaa the cjnquests of imperi;tl R<«m«^ ; 
 Home, whose ascending tow'rs ^haJl tieav'n mrade, 
 Invcjlvin^ earth and ocean in her shade. Dntdm. 
 
 Encouraged with success, lie invades the pro- 
 vince of philosophy, Druden, 
 
 In vain did nature's wise command 
 Divide the waters from the land, 
 If daring ships, and men prophane. 
 Invade th' inviolable main. Dryden. 
 
 *^ To attack ; to assail ; to assualt. 
 
 There shall be sedition among men, and invad- 
 ing one another ; they shall not regard Uieir kings. 
 
 SLsdroM. 
 Thou think'st 'tis much, that this contcnliou> 
 storm 
 Invades us to the skin ; so 'lis to thee : 
 But where the greater malady is fix'd, 
 Tlic leaser is scarce felt. Shakesp. King Lear. 
 
 3. To violate by the first act of hostility; 
 to attack, not defend 
 
 Your foes are such, as they, not you, have made ; 
 And virtue may repel, though not mroJe. Dryden, 
 
 I.NVA'DER.n. s. [from invado, Lat.] 
 
 1. One who enters with hostility into the 
 possessions of another. 
 
 llie breath of Scotland the Spaniards could not 
 endure; neither durst the3', as invaders, land iik 
 Ireland. Bacon. 
 
 Their piety 
 In sharp contest of battle found no aid 
 Against invaders. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 That km-wledge, like the coal from the altar, 
 sfrves oidy to embroil and consuuie the sacrilegi- 
 ous invaders. Decay of Piety, 
 
 W ere he lost, the naked empire 
 Would be a prey expos'd to all invaders. 
 
 Dcnhnm's Sttphy. 
 
 Tlie country about Attica was the most barren 
 of any in Greece, through which means it hap- 
 pened that the natives were never cupelled by 
 the fury of inixiders. Svifi. 
 
 Secure, by William's care, let Britain stand ; 
 Nor dread the bold inuider's hand. Prior. 
 
 Esteem and judgment with strong fancy join. 
 To call tlie fair invader in ; 
 ]Mv darling favourite inclination, too. 
 Ail, all c nspiring with the foe. CraHiiUe. 
 
 2. An assailant. 
 
 3. Encroacher; intruder. 
 
 The substance was formerly comprised in that 
 uncorapounded style, but afleruartls prudently 
 enlarged for the repelling and preventing: heretical 
 in voders. Hammond, 
 
 Invale'scence. n. s, [inralesco, Lat.] 
 Strength ; health ; force. Diet. 
 
 INA'A'LID. adj. [invalide, ?r, invaiidus, 
 Lat.] Weak ; of no weight or cogency. 
 
 But this I urge, 
 Admitting motion in the heav'ns, to shew 
 Invalid, that which thee to doubt it mov'd. Mitt. 
 
 To Ixva'lidate. v,a. [from inratid.] To 
 weaken ; to deprive of force or etlicacy. 
 Tointo/iWafc such a consequence, some things 
 mi^ht he speciously enough aliedged. Boyle. 
 
 Tell a man, passionately in love, that he is 
 jilted, bring a score of witnesses of the falsehood 
 of his mistress, and it is ten to one i>ut throe kind 
 words of her's shall mi».ida<eall their teuiwoi.ies. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 Inva'lide. n. s, [Fr.] One disabled by 
 
 sickness or hurts. 
 
 AVliat betgiir iu the invulideSt 
 \\ ith lamcu'-ss broke, with blindness smitten, 
 WislTd ever decently to die? Pn*r. 
 
 Invam DITY. n, s. [in and validity; 
 invaiidit^, Fr.] 
 6 N 1009
 
 I N V 
 
 1 . Weakness ; want of cogency. 
 
 2. Want of bodiJy strength. This is no 
 En^ilish meaning. 
 
 He ordered, that none who could work sliould 
 
 • be idle ; and that none who could not work, by 
 
 age, sickness, or invaliditi/, should want. Temple. 
 
 TnVxv'i.uable. adj. [in and valuahh.'] 
 Precious above estimation ; inestimable. 
 
 The fiiith produced by terrour would not be so 
 free un net as it ouglit, to which are annexed all 
 the glorious and invaluaUe privileges of believing. 
 
 Attcrburii. 
 
 Inva'riable. adj, \in and varius, Lat. 
 invariable, Fr.] Unchangeable ; con- 
 stant. 
 
 Being not able to desiL'n times by days, montlis, 
 or years, tliey thought best to detennine these 
 nitcrations by some known and invaruMe signs, 
 and such tlid they conceive the rising and f-cttinij; 
 of the fixed siars. Brown. 
 
 The rule of good and evil would not appear 
 uniform and invariable, but different, according 
 ta"»cu's difierent complexions and inclinations. 
 
 AiUrbui-y. 
 
 Inva'riableness. n. s. [from invari- 
 able.^ ,mmutabilily ; constancy. 
 
 Inva'riably. adi\ [from invariable.] 
 Unchangeably ; constantly. 
 
 He, who steers his course, invariably by this rule, 
 takes the surest way to make all men praise him. 
 
 Alterbury. 
 
 Inva'sion. 71. s. [invasion, Fr. invasio, 
 
 Lat.] 
 
 1 . Hostile entrance upon the rights or pos- 
 sessions of another; hostile encroach- 
 ment. 
 
 We made an invasion upon the Cherethites. 
 
 1 Sajn. XXX. 
 
 Kcason finds a secret grief and remorse from 
 every iiivas'on that sin makes upon innoct-ncc, and 
 that must render the first entrance and admission 
 of sin uneasy. South. 
 
 Till- nations of th' Ausonian shore 
 Shall liciT tlie dreadfid rumour from afar, 
 Ot arm'd imasion, and cjvibrace the war. 
 
 Dnjdens JEn. 
 
 William the Conqueror invaded En;:iand about 
 the year 1060, which means this ; that taking 
 the duration from our Saviour's time 'till now, 
 for one entire length of time, it shews at what 
 distance this invasion was from the two extremes. 
 
 Loclte. 
 
 2. Attack of a disease. 
 
 What demonstrates the plague to be eudenMal 
 to Egypt, is its invasion and going oft' at certain 
 seasons. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Inva'sive. adj. [from invade.] Enter- 
 ing hostilely upon other men's posses- 
 sions ; not defensive. 
 
 I must come closer to my purpose, and not make 
 mure invasive wars abroad, when, like Hannibal, 
 I am called back to the defence of my country. 
 
 Drydeii. 
 Let other monarchs, with znvasice bands, 
 Lessen their people, and extend tijcir lands ; 
 By gasping nations hated and obey'd, 
 Lords of the desarts that their swords had made. 
 
 Arbutltnot. 
 
 Inve'ctive, n. s. [invective, Fr. invec- 
 tiva, low Lat.] 
 
 1. A censure in speech or writing ; a re- 
 proachful accusation. 
 
 Plain men desiring to serve God as they ought, 
 but being not so skilful as to unwind themselves, 
 where the snares of glosing speech do lie to en- 
 tangle tlicm, are in inind not a little troubled, \vhen 
 they hear so bitter invectives against that which 
 this church hath taught them to rcveience as holy, 
 to approve as lawful, and to observe as behuveful 
 for the exercise of Christian duty. Houker. 
 
 If we take satyr, in the general signification of 
 
 I N V 
 
 the word, for an invectire, 'tis almost as old as 
 verse. Vryden's Juvenal. 
 
 2. It is used with against. 
 
 So desp'rate thieves, all hopeless of their lives, 
 Breathe out invccLlvts 'gaimt the officers. 
 
 Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 Casting off respect, he fell to bitter invectives 
 against ihe Frcncli king. Bacon's Henry VII. 
 
 3. Less properly with at. 
 
 Whilst we condemn otliers, we may indeed be 
 in the wrong; and then all the innetives we make 
 ctt their f.npjiosed errours fail back with a rebound- 
 ed force upon our own real ones. Decay tf Piety. 
 
 Inve'ctive. «<//'. [from the noun.] Sa- 
 tirical ; abusive. 
 
 Let him rail on ; let bis invective muse 
 Have four and twenty letters to abuse. Drydcn. 
 
 Inve'ctively. adv. Satirically; abu- 
 sively. 
 
 Thus most inuecttne/i/ he pierceth through 
 The body of the country, city, court, 
 Vea, and of this onr life ; swearing that we 
 Arc mere usurjiers, tyrants. Shahes]). 
 
 To INVR'IGH. V. a. [invelio, Lat.] To 
 utter censure or reproach : with against. 
 
 I cannot blame him for inveightJig so sharply 
 agaiml Ihe vices of the clergy in his age. Bryden. 
 
 He iK I'ci^/js severely against the folly of parties, 
 in retaining scoundrels to retail their l^es. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Inve'igher. n. s. [from inveigh.l Ve- 
 hement railer. 
 
 One of these inveighers against mercury, in 
 seven weeks, could not cure one small herpes in 
 the face. Wiseman. 
 
 To INVEIGLE, v. a. [invogliare, Ital. 
 Minshew ; avnigler, or enaveugler, Fr. 
 Skinner and Junius.] To persuade to 
 something bad or hurtful ; to wheedle ; 
 to allure ; to seduce. 
 
 Most false Duessa, royal richly dight. 
 That easy was to inveigle weaker sight. 
 Was, byher wicked arts and wiiy skill. 
 Too false and strong for earthly skill or might. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 Achilles hath inveigled his fool from him. Shak. 
 Yet have they many baits and guileful spells, 
 To inveigle and invite th' unwary sense 
 Of them that pass unweeting by the way. Milt. 
 
 Both right able 
 T' inveigle and draw in the rabble. Hudibras. 
 
 Those drops of prettiness, scatteringly sprinkled 
 amongst the creatures, were designed to e.\alt our 
 conceptions, not inveigle or detain our passions. 
 
 Boyle, 
 I leave the use of garlick to such as are inveigled 
 into the gout by the use of too much drinking. 
 
 Temple. 
 The inveigling a woman, before she is come to 
 years of discretion, should be as criminal as the 
 seducing of her before she is ten ^^ears old. 
 
 Spectator. 
 
 Inve'igler. w. s. [fvom inveigle.] Se- 
 ducer; deceiver ; allurer to ill. 
 
 Being presented to the emperor for his admir- 
 able beauly, the prince clapt him up as his in- 
 vcigler. Sandys. 
 
 To INVENT. V. a. [inventer, Fr. u^- 
 
 vcnio, Lat.] 
 1. To discover ; to find out ; to excogitate ; 
 
 to produce something not made before. 
 
 The substance of the service of God, so far 
 forth as it hath in it any thing ntore than the law 
 of reason doth teacii, may not be invented of men, 
 but must be received from God himself. 
 
 Hooker. 
 By their count, whicii lovers books invejit, 
 Thc'spliereof Cupid forty years contains. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Matter of mirth enough, though there were none 
 She could devise, and tiiousand ways invent 
 To feed her foolish humour and vain Jolliment. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 I N V 
 
 Woe to them that invent to themselves instru- 
 ments of musick. Amos. 
 
 We may invent 
 With wliat more forcible we may oflTeiid 
 Our enemies. Milton. 
 
 In the motion of the bones in their articulatiops, 
 a twofold liquor is prepared for the inunction of 
 their heads; both which make up the most apt 
 mixture, for this use, that can be invented or 
 thought upon. Ray. 
 
 \e skilful masters of Machaon's race. 
 Who Nature's maz^' intricacies trace. 
 By manag'd fire and late invented eyes. 
 
 Blachmme, 
 But when long time the wretches thoughts refin'd. 
 When want had set an edge upon their mind. 
 Then various cares their worKiiig thou"hts era- 
 ploy 'd. 
 And that which each invented, all enjnv'd. Crefc'i. 
 
 The ship, by help of a screw, imented by Archi- 
 medes, was launched into the water. Arbiithnvi 
 
 2. To forge ; to contrive falsely ; to fabri- 
 cate, 
 
 I never did such things as those men have ma- 
 liciously invented against me. Susan, xliii. 
 
 Here is a strange figure invented, against the 
 plain sense of the words^ St ilUug fleet. 
 
 3. To feign ; to make by the imagination. 
 
 I would invent as bitter searchinc terms, 
 Willi full as many signs of dt-adlyhate. 
 As lean-fac'd envy in her loathsome care. Slwk. 
 
 Hercules's mee'ting with Pleasure and Virtue 
 was invented by Prodicus, who iiv'd before &j- 
 crates, and in the first dawnings of philosophy. 
 
 Aildison. 
 
 4. To light on ; to meet with. Not used. 
 
 Far ulT he woiiders whnt tliem makes so gtad ; 
 Or Bacchus' merr3' fruit they did invent. 
 Or Cybel's frantick rites have made them mad. 
 
 Spenser. 
 Inve'nter. n. s. [from inventeiir, Fr.] 
 
 1. One who produces something new; 
 a deviser of something not known be- 
 fore. 
 
 As a translator, he was just; as an inventer, ho 
 was rich. Garth. 
 
 2. A forger. 
 
 Inve'ntion. n. s. [invention, Fr. in- 
 vefttio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Excogitation ; the act or power of pro- 
 ducing something new. 
 
 O for a muse of fire, that would ascend 
 The briglitest heaven of i/icenfidn.' Shakesp. 
 
 By improving what was writ before. 
 Invention labours less, but judgment more, 
 
 Boscommnn,- 
 
 Invention is a kind of muse, which, being pos- 
 sessed of the other advantages common to lier 
 sisters, and being warmed by the fire of Apollo, 
 is raised higher than the rest. Dryden. 
 
 Mine is tn' invention of the charming lyre : 
 Sweet notes and heav'nly numbers I inspire. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The chief excellence of Virgil is judgment, of 
 Homer is invention. Pope. 
 
 2. Discovery. 
 
 Nature hath provided several glandules to se- 
 parate spittle from the hloud, and no less than 
 four pair of channels to convey it into the mouth, 
 whicli are of a late invention, and called ductus 
 salivales Hay on the Creation, 
 
 3. Forgery ; fiction. 
 
 We hear our bloody cousins, not confessing 
 Their crurl paricide, filling their hearers 
 With strange invention. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 If thou can'st accuse, 
 Do it without invention suddenly. Shakesp. 
 
 4. The thing invented. 
 
 The garden, a place not fairer in natural orna- 
 ments than artificial inveyitions. Sidney. 
 
 Tit' invention all admir'd ; and eacli how he 
 To be th' inventor niiss'd, so easy it seem'd 
 Once found, which yet unfound most would have 
 
 thought 
 Impossible. Miltoii's Paradise Lost 
 
 1010
 
 I N V 
 
 Inve'ntive. adj. \inventif, Fr. from 
 invtnt.\ 
 
 1. Quick at contrivance; ready at expe- 
 dience. 
 
 Those have thcinucnd'ue^f lieads for all purposes, 
 and roundest tongues in all matters. Ascham. 
 
 That initntive hvnd 
 Her faf.il image from t!ie temple drew, 
 'I'he slef*j>iiifi guardians of tht- cnsll":" slew. Dryden. 
 
 'Ihe iininlive god, who never falls his part, 
 Lispircs tlie wit, when once he warms the heart. 
 
 Diinlen, 
 
 2. Having tlie power of excogitation or 
 fiction. 
 
 As he had an inventive brain, so there never 
 lived any man that believed better thereof, and of 
 liimself. Raleigh. 
 
 Reason, remembrance, wit, inventive ait. 
 No nature, but inniiurtal, can impart. Denham. 
 
 Inve'n TOR. 7i. A-. [ini'c?i(ory Lat.] 
 
 1, A finder out of something new. It is 
 written likewise iiivmter. 
 
 \Vc have ihe statue of your Columbus, that dis- 
 covered the West Indies, also theinyeHtorof thips : 
 your Monk, that was the ini'e;i((w of ordnance, and 
 of gunpowder. Baani, 
 
 Studiiius they appear 
 Of arts Ihat polish life ; i?irenf(WS rare, 
 Unmindful i>f their maker. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 Wliv are tl1e^e positions charged upon me as 
 tlieir sole author and inventor, and the reader led 
 into a belief, that they were never before main- 
 tained by any person of virtue ? Atterhjtry. 
 
 2. A contriver; a framer. In an ill sense, 
 
 In tills up'^hot, purposes mistook, 
 Fall'n on th' inventors heads. Shahesp 
 
 Inventor'ially. adv. [from inventory. 
 whence perhaps invtntorial .^ In manner 
 of an inventory. 
 
 To divide invcntorially, would dizzy the arilii- 
 nietick of memory. Sltakesp Hamlet. 
 
 INVE'NTORY. 7i. s. [hivefitoire, Fr. 
 invent a riu 771 y Lat.] An account or cata- 
 logue of moveables. 
 
 1 found. 
 Forsooth, an invcntoru, thus importing. 
 The several parcels of his plate. Shakesp. 
 
 The leanness that afflicts us, the object of our 
 misery, is as an inventory to particularise their 
 abundance : our suiferings Is a gain to them. 
 
 Shakesp, Coriolanus. 
 
 Whoe'er looks, 
 
 ■ For ibeinselves dare wot £»o, o'er Cheapside honks, 
 
 Shall find their wardrobe's inventory. lJo?ine. 
 
 It were of much consequence to have such an 
 
 inventory of nature, wherein, as, on the one hand, 
 
 nothing should be wanting, so nothin»^ repeated 
 
 on the other. Crete 5 Musctum. 
 
 Ill Persia the daughfers of Eve are reckoned in 
 
 the inventoni of their goods and chatties ; and it is 
 
 usual, when a man sells a bale of silk, to toss half 
 
 a dozen women into the bargain. Addison. 
 
 To I'nvrntory. v. a. [inventorier, Fr.] 
 To re^rister ; to place in a catalogue. 
 
 I will give out divers schedules of my beauty : 
 it shall be inventoried, and every particle and 
 utensil iabell'd. Shakesp. 
 
 A man looks on the lore of his friend as one of 
 the richest possessions : the philosopher thought 
 friends were to be inventoried as well as goods. 
 
 Government of the Tongue. 
 
 Inve'ntress. w. s, \jnvcntricej Fr. from 
 inrenforJ] A female that invents. 
 
 The arts, witli all their retinue of lesser trades, 
 history and tradition tell us when they had their 
 bej;inni!:g ; and liow many of their inventors and 
 inventressvs were deified. Burnet. 
 
 Cecilia came, 
 In-ventress of tite vocal frame ; 
 The sweet enthusiast, from her sacred store, 
 Enlarg'd llie former narrow bounds. Dryden. 
 
 Inve'rse. adj, [inverse, Fr. i7iversuSy 
 tat.] Inverted; reciprocal: opposed to 
 
 I N V 
 
 direct.] It is so called in proportion, 
 when the fourtli term is .so much greater 
 than the tliird, as tlie secon<l is less than 
 the first ; or so much less than the third 
 as tlie second is greater than the first 
 
 Every p:^irt of matter tends to every ])art of 
 matter with a force, which is always in a direct 
 proporlicm of the rpianlity of matter, and an in- 
 verse duphcate propurlion of the distance. Garth 
 
 Inve'rsion. n. s. [inversion, Fr. inver- 
 sio, Lat.] 
 
 1 . Change of order or time, so as that the 
 last is first, and first last. 
 
 If he speaks trutli, it is ujinn a suhtile invasion 
 of the precejjt of God, to do good that evil may 
 come of it. lirown. 
 
 'Tis just the inversion of an act of parliament ; 
 your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed 
 among the h)rds and connnons. Vr^den. 
 
 2. Change of place, so that each takes the 
 room of tlie other. 
 
 To INVE'RT. r. a. [iyiverto, Lat.] 
 
 1. To turn upside down; to place in con- 
 trary method or order to that whicli 
 was before. 
 
 With fate inverted, shall 1 humbly woo? 
 And some proud prins-j, in wild IS'umidia horn, 
 I'ray to accept me, and furget mv scorn ! Waller. 
 
 Ask not the cause why sullen &i)ring 
 So lung ilelays her fiow'rs to hear. 
 And Winter storms invert the year. Drisden. 
 
 Poesy and oratory omit tilings essential, ami 
 invert times and actions, to place every thing in 
 the most aJlecting liglit. U "i(s. 
 
 2. To place the last first. 
 
 Yes, every poet is a fool ; 
 By demonstration Ned can shew it 
 
 Happ_v, could Ned's inverted rule 
 Prove every fool to be a poet. Prior. 
 
 3. To divert ; to turn into another clumnel ; 
 to imbezzle. Instead of this convert or 
 infervert is now commonly used. 
 
 Solyman charged him bitterly ui?h inrej-ting hh 
 treasures to liis own private use, and having se- 
 cret intelligence with his enemies. 
 
 Knolles's Hist'trij of the Turks. 
 
 Inve'rtedly. adv, [from inverted.] In 
 contrary or reversed order. 
 
 Placing the forepart of the eye to the hole of 
 the window of a darkened room, we liave a j)ret!v 
 landskip of the objects abroad, i)ivcrtedly p:i\r.\ttn\ 
 on the ]»apcr, on the back of the e\e. Derham 
 
 To Invest, r.fl. [investiryVv.isivestio.lu^i.] 
 
 1 . To dress ; to clothe ; to array. It has 
 in or with before the thing superin- 
 duced or conferred. 
 
 Their gesture sad. 
 Invest in lank lean cheeks and war-worn coats. 
 Presented them ujUo the gazing moon, 
 So.many liorrid ghosts. Shakesp. Henry V. 
 
 Thou ivith a mantle didst invest 
 The rising world of waters. MUton. 
 
 Let thy eyes shine forth in tlieir full lustre ; 
 Invest tliem with thy loveliest smiles, put on 
 Thy choicest looks. Denham's Sophi/. 
 
 2. To place in possession of a rank or 
 office. 
 
 When we sanctify or hallow churches, tliat 
 which we do is only to testify that we make 
 places of publick resort, tluit we invest God him- 
 self ivith them, and that we sever them from com- 
 mon uses. Hooker. 
 
 After tlie death of the other archbislion, he 
 was invested in that high dignity, and seuled in 
 liis palace at Land>eth. Clarendon. 
 
 The practice of all ages, and all countries, hath 
 been to do honour to those who are invested with 
 publick authority. Atterbttry. 
 
 S. To adorn ; to grace ; as clothes or orna- 
 ments. 
 
 I N V 
 
 Honour niu?t. 
 Not accompanied, intvst him only ; 
 lint itignt of nobleness, like stars, shall slttne 
 On all deservers. Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The foolish, over-careful fathers for this ei.gross'd 
 The canker'd heajis of strong alchieved g<tld ; 
 For this they have been tlioughtful to iHtf rf 
 Their soi.s with arts and martial exercises. Shak. 
 
 Some great potentate. 
 Or of the thrones above ; such majesty 
 Invest"; him coniing. 3Ulton. 
 
 4. To confer; to p'lve. 
 
 If there can be found such an inoqualily be- 
 tween man and man, as there is between man 
 beast ; or between soul aud body ; it iniefteth a 
 right of goverrnnent. Bacon. 
 
 5. To enclose; to surround so as to inter- 
 cept succours or provisions : as, the 
 enemy invested ihe town. 
 
 In ve'sti ENT, adj. [ invcUiens, Lat.] 
 Covering ; clothinfj. 
 
 'J'iie shells served as p asms or moulds to tliis 
 sand, which, ui'tn consolidated and freed from 
 its iuvestient sht U, is of the same shape as the 
 cavity of the shell. \Voo^i^l•aTd. 
 
 Inve'stkjable. adj. [from investigate,'] 
 To he searched out ; discoverable by 
 rational thstjuisition. 
 
 Finally, in such sort they are invcstigable, that 
 the knowlediie of them is general; the world 
 hath always been acr]uainted with them. tU^oker. 
 
 In doing evil, we prefer a less aood before a 
 greater, ihe greaincss whereof is by reas(<n inves- 
 tigahle, and may be known. Hooker, 
 
 To INVESTIGATE, v. a. [!nveslis:o', 
 Lat.] To search out ; to find out by 
 I'iitional disquisition. 
 
 Investi^nte the variety of motions and figures 
 made b^' tlie ur<^ans fur articulation. 
 
 Holder on Speech. 
 From the present appearances investigate the 
 powers and fi)rces of nature, and from these ac- 
 count fur future observations. Chci/tie. 
 
 Investiga'tion. n. i. [invesligaiion, 
 
 Fr. invest is;alio, Lat.] 
 l.The act of the mind by which unknown 
 trutlis are discovered. 
 
 i\()t only the investigation of truth* but the 
 cnimuniciilion of it also, is often practised in 
 such a meth. d as neither agrees precisely to syn- 
 theticlc or analylick. IVatts. 
 
 Progressive truth, tlie patient force of thought 
 Investigation calm, whose silent pi)«ers 
 Conniiand the world. Thomson's Summer. 
 
 •2. Examination. 
 
 Your travels I hear much of: my own shall 
 never more be in a strange land, but a diligent in- 
 restigation of m}' own territories. Pifjie to Swift. 
 
 Inve'stiture. n. s. [Fr.] 
 
 1 . The right of giving possession of any 
 mnnor, oflice, or benefice. 
 
 lie had refused to yield up to the pope the in- 
 vestiture of bishops, and collation ttf ecclesiastical 
 dignities within his dt>niiiiions. Raleigh's Essayt, 
 
 2. T lie act of giving possession. 
 
 In\e'.st:\ient. n. i. [in and restmetit.'] 
 Dress ; cloaths ; garment ; liabit 
 Ophelia, do not believe his vows : for they ar« 
 brokers, 
 Not of that die which their inifslmoits shew. 
 
 Shaki^. 
 You, my lord archhishoii. 
 Whose see is by a civil peace maintain'd, 
 A\ hose bcartllliesilverhand of peace hath toucli'd, 
 \\ hose learning and poid letters peace ha;li tutor'd 
 . Whose white imiitments ficure innoceme. 
 The dove, ar.d every blessed spirit of peace ; 
 Wherefore do you s'o ill translate yourself 
 Out of the speech of peace, that bears such gntcc. 
 Into the harsh and boist'rous tongue of war' 
 
 ihakesp. 
 
 Inveteracy. «. *. [inveteralio, Lat.] 
 
 1011
 
 I N V 
 
 1, Ijung continuance of any thing bad ; 
 obstinacy confirmed by time. 
 
 V\ie invettractf uf the pt'oplt-'-s jirejiKliccs com- 
 pelled their rulers to make use uf all means for ve- 
 diiciiig tlit-m. Addison. 
 
 2, [in physick.] Long continuance of a 
 disease. 
 
 INVi-:' rERATE. arfj. [invderatus, Lat.] 
 J. Old ; lontT established. 
 
 'Ihe custom of Christians was then, and had 
 been a lung lime, not to wear garlands, and tlicre- 
 fore that nndoubtcdly they did otlVnd who pre- 
 sumed to violate such a custom hy not observing 
 that thing; the very inverei-ate oijacrvaLion whLMc- 
 of was a law, sufficient to bind iill iiic.i to obsc. ve 
 it, unless thc^' could shew sume hii^her law. -i'lnie 
 law of Scripture, to the cuntrary. Hooker. 
 
 It is an inveterate and received oniniou, that 
 canlhai ides, applied to any part of the body, touch 
 liie bhulder, and exulceratc it. Bacon s Aaf. Hist. 
 
 2. Obstinate by long continuance. 
 
 It is not every sinful violation of conscience tliat 
 can quench the spirit ; but it must be a long invcie- 
 Tate course ajjd custom of sinning, that at lenjztli 
 produces and ends in such a cursed etlect. Soulh. 
 
 He who writes satire lioneslly is no more an 
 enemy to tlie offender, than liie pliysican to the 
 patient, when iie prescribes harsh remedies to an 
 inveterate disease. Dryden. 
 
 In a well-instituted state the executive jjower 
 will never let abuses grow inveterate, or multiply 
 so far that it will be hard to find remedies. Swift. 
 
 To Inve'terate. v. a, [i?ivetcrer, Fr. 
 invetero, Lat.] To fix and settle hy 
 long continuance. 
 
 The vulgar conceived, that now there was an 
 end given, and a consummation to superstitious 
 prophecies, and to an ancient tacit expectation, 
 ■which had by tradition been infused and invete- 
 rated into men's minds. Hacon. 
 
 Let not Atheist lay the fault of their sins upon 
 
 human nature, which have their prevalence fronri 
 
 long custom and inveicrated habit. Bentley. 
 
 Inve'teRATENESS. 71. s, [from invete- 
 
 rfl^e.] Long continuance of any thing 
 
 bad ; obstinacy confirmed by time. 
 
 As time hatii rendered him mure perfect in the 
 art, so hath the invelerutcness of his malice made 
 him more ready in the execution. BroimsVid.Err. 
 
 Neither tlie invetei-ateness of the mi^c]:ief, noi 
 the prevalency of the fashion, shall he any excuse 
 for those wlio will not take care about llie mean- 
 ing of their words. Locke. 
 
 Invetera'tion. n, s. [inveta^atio, Lat.] 
 The act of hardening or confirming by 
 long continuance. 
 
 INVI'DIOUS. adj. [i7ividiosus, Lat.] 
 
 1 , Envious ; malignant. 
 
 I shall open to them the interior secrets of tliis 
 mysterious art, without imposture or invidious re- 
 serve. Evelttn. 
 
 2. Likely to incttr or to bring hatred. Tliis 
 Ihis is the more usual sense. 
 
 Agamcunion found it an invidious afTair to give 
 tlie preference to any one of the Grecian heroes. 
 
 Brnome. 
 
 Not to be further tedious, or rather invidious, 
 these are a ft-vv causes whicli have contributed to 
 the ruin of our morals. SwiJ't. 
 
 Invi'diously. adi\ [from invidious.] 
 
 1, INIalignantly ; enviously. 
 
 2. In a manner likely to provoke hatred. 
 
 The cler^^y murmur against the privileges of 
 the laity ; the laity invidiously aggravate tlie ira- 
 munilies of the clergy. Spratt. 
 
 Invi'diousness. w. s. [£voYa invidious.] 
 Quality of provoking envy or hatred. 
 
 /b Invi'gokate. v. a. [iti and vigour.] 
 To endue with vigour ; to strengthen ; 
 to animate ; to enforce. 
 The spleen is introduced to invigoi'ate the sinister 
 
 I N V 
 
 sitk-, whicli, dilated, would rather infirm and de- 
 bilitate. Braimi. 
 
 Gentle warmth 
 Discloses well the earth's all-teeming womh, 
 Inviirorating tender seeds. Phillips. 
 
 I have lived when the prince, instead of invign- 
 rating the laws, assumed a power of dispensing 
 wiih'them. Addison. 
 
 No one can enjoy liealtb, without he feelalijjht- 
 some and invigorating principle, which spurs him 
 to .iction. Sjiectiitor. 
 
 Christian graces and virtues they cannot be, 
 unless fed, invigwated, and animated by univerial 
 charity. Atterbury. 
 
 Invigora'tion. n. s. [from invigorate.] 
 
 1. Tlae act of invigorating. 
 
 2. The state of being invigorated. 
 
 I lind in myself an appetitive faculty, whicli is 
 always in the very hei^lit of activity and invign- 
 ,.„;;„„. Non-is. 
 
 INVINCIBLE, adj. [invincible, Fr. in- 
 vinsibilis, Lat.] Insuperable; uncon- 
 querable ; not to besiibdned. 
 
 I would have thought her spirits had been invin- 
 cible against all assaults of allcction. Shakesp. 
 
 Should he invade their country, he would soon 
 see that invincible nation with their united forces 
 up in arms. _ Knolles. 
 
 The spirit remains invincible. Mdti>7t. 
 
 That mistake, which is the consequence of in- 
 vincilAe errour, scarce deserves the name of wrong 
 judirmciit. Locke. 
 
 If an Atheist had had the making of himself, he 
 would have framed a constitution that could have 
 kept pace with his insatiable lust, been invincible 
 by intemperance, and have held out a thousand 
 years in a perpetual debauch. Benlley. 
 
 'nvi'ncibleness. n. .«. [from invinci- 
 ble.] Unconquei-ableness; insuperable- 
 ness. 
 
 Invi'ncibly. adv. [from invincible.] 
 Insuperably; unconquerably. 
 
 Ye have been fearless in his righteous cause ; 
 And as ye have receiv'd, so have ye done 
 Invincibly. . . Milton. 
 
 Neither invitations nor threats avail with those 
 who are invincibly impeded, to apply them to 
 their benefit. Decay «/ Piety. 
 
 INVl'OL.'VBLE. adj. {inviolable, Fr. in- 
 
 violabilis, Lat.] 
 1. Not to be profaned ; not to be injured. 
 
 Thou, he sure, shall give account 
 To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep 
 This place inviolable, and these from harm. 
 
 union. 
 
 In vain did Nature's wise command 
 Divide the waters from the land, 
 If daring ships, and men prophane. 
 Invade th' inviolable main ; 
 Th' eternal fences overleap, 
 Ajid pass at will the boundless deep.^ Dryden. 
 
 Ye lamps of heav'n, he said, and lifted high 
 His hands, now free ; thou venerable sky I 
 Inviolable pow'rs! ador'd with dread, 
 Be all of you adjur'd. Dryden's /En. 
 
 This birthright, when our author pleases, must 
 and must not be sacred and inviolable. Locke 
 
 '2. Not to be broken. 
 
 The prophet David thinks, that the very meet- 
 in" of men together, and their accompanying one 
 another to the house of God, should make the 
 bond of their love insoluble, and tie them in a 
 league of inviolable amity. Hooker. 
 
 See, see, ihey join, embrace, and seem to kiss. 
 As if they vow'd some league inviolable. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 3. Insusceptible of hurt or vv^ound. 
 
 Ill' inviolable saints 
 In cubick phalanx lirm advanc'd intire. Milton. 
 
 Invi'olably. adv. [from inviolable.] 
 Without breach ; without failure. 
 
 Mere acquaintance you have none : you have 
 drawn them all isto a nearer line ; and they who 
 
 I N V 
 
 have conversed with you, are for ever after invio- 
 
 lablij yours. Dryhn. 
 
 The true profession of Christianity inrnilablyi^iv. 
 
 gages all its followers to do good to all men. Spratt. 
 
 Invi'olate. adj. [inviolate, Fr. inrio- 
 latiis, Lat.] Unhurt ; uninjured ; uii- 
 profaiied ; unpolluted ; unbroken. 
 Ills fortune of arms was still inviolate. 
 
 Bacim's Henry VII. 
 But let inviolate truth be always dear 
 To thee, even before friendship, truth prefer. 
 
 Denhiini, 
 If the past 
 Can hope a pardon, by those mutual bonds 
 Nature hasseal'd betw'een us, which, though I 
 Have cancell'd, thou hast still preserv'd inviolate: 
 I beg thy pardon. Deuham's Sophy. 
 
 My love your claim inviolate secures ; 
 'Tis writ in fate, I can be only yours. Dryden. 
 
 In all the changes of his doubtful state. 
 His truth, like Heav'n's, was kept inviolate Dry*!. 
 
 I'nvious. adj. [iiivitis, Lat.] Impas- 
 sable ; untrodden. 
 
 If nothing can oppugn his love. 
 And virtue inviou.s ways can prove, 
 M'hat may not he confide to do. 
 That brings both love and virtue too? Hudihras. 
 
 Invisibi'lity. n. s. [invisibilite, Fr. 
 from invisible.] The state of being in- 
 visible ; imperceptibleness to sight. 
 
 They may be demonstrated to be innumerab'e, 
 substiluting their smalness for the reason of Iheii 
 invisibiliti}. Hay. 
 
 INVrSIBLE. adj. [invisible, Fr. invi- 
 sibilis, Lat.] Not perceptible by the 
 sight ; not to be seen. 
 
 He was invisible that hurt me so ; 
 And none invisible, but spirits, can go. Sidney. 
 
 The threaden sails. 
 Borne with th' invisible and creeping wind. 
 Drew the huge liottoms to the furrow'd sea. Shak, 
 
 'Tis wonderful. 
 That aninvisible instinct should frame them 
 To loyalty unlearn'd, honour untaught. Shakesp. 
 
 To US invisible, or dimly seen. 
 In these thy lowest works. Miltm. 
 
 He that believes a God, believes such_ a being 
 as hath all perfections ; among which this is one, 
 that he is a spirit, and consequently that he is in- 
 visible, and cannot be seen. Tillotson. 
 
 It seems easier to make one's self invisible to 
 others, than to make another's thoughts visible to 
 me, which are not visible to himself. Locke. 
 
 Invi'sibly. adv. [from invisible.] Im- 
 perceptibly to the sight. 
 
 Age by degrceii inrisibly doth creeji. 
 Nor do we seem to die, but fall asleeii. Dmham. 
 
 To Invi'scate. I', a. [in and viscus, 
 Lat.] To lime ; to intangle in gluti- 
 nous matter. 
 
 The camelion's food being flies, it hath in the 
 tongue a mucous and slimy' extremity, whereby, 
 upoli a sudden emission, it inviscales and entan- 
 gleth those insects. Brovm. 
 
 Invita'tion. n. «. [invitation, Fr. in- 
 vitatio, Lat.] The act of inviting, bid- 
 ding, or calling to any thing with cere- 
 mony and civility. 
 
 That other answer'd with a lowly look. 
 And soon the gracious invitation took. Dryden. 
 
 Invi'tatory. adj. [from invito, Lat.] 
 Using invitation ; containing invitation. 
 
 To INVITE, t'. a. [invito, Lat. inviter, 
 Fr.] 
 
 1 . To bid ; to ask to any place, particular- 
 ly to one's own house, with intreaty and 
 complaisance. 
 
 If thou be invited of a mighty man, withdraw 
 
 thv-self. Eccia^ 
 
 'He comes invited by a younger son. MiUm. 
 
 1012
 
 I N V 
 
 When much company is invited, then be as 
 sparing as j)ussiblc of ;>'uur coals. Swift. 
 
 2, To allure ; to persuade ; to induce by 
 hope or pleasure. 
 
 A war upon tlie Turks is more worthy than 
 upon any other Gentiles, thougli facility and hof/c 
 of succe^s might invite some other choice. Bacon. 
 
 Nor art thou such 
 Created, or such place hast here to dwell. 
 As may not oft invUe, though spirits of hcav'n, 
 To visit thee. Milton's Paradise Lost. 
 
 The liberal contributions such leachfrs mt-t 
 with, served still tu invite more labourers into that 
 work. Decay of Piety. 
 
 Shady groves, that easy sleep invite. 
 And after toilsome days a soft repose at night. 
 
 J>rvr/en"s Virrril. 
 
 To Invi'te. v. 11. {invito, Lat.] To ask 
 or call to any tiling pleasing. 
 
 All things invite 
 To peaceful counsels. Milton. 
 
 Jnvi'ter. n, s. [from invite.'] He who 
 invites. 
 
 The^ forcibly cut out abortive votes, such as 
 their inviters and encouragers most fancied. 
 
 Kinq Charles. 
 
 Honour was the aim of the quests, and interest 
 
 was the scope of the inviter. .Smalridge's Sermons. 
 
 Wines and cates the tables t^racc. 
 But most the kind inviter's cheerful face. 
 
 Pope's Odysseu. 
 
 Invi'tingly. adv. [from inviting.] In 
 such a manner as invites or allures. 
 
 If he can but dress up a temptation lo look iri- 
 vitiiiglu, the business is done. D^caii of Pictij. 
 
 To Inu'mbrate. r. a. [invnibro, Lat.] 
 To shade ; to cover with shades. Diet. 
 
 Inu'nction . n. s. [inungo, inunctus, 
 Lat.] The act of smearing or anointing. 
 Tlif wise Author of Nature hath placed on the 
 rump two glandules, which the bird catclies liold 
 upon with her bill, and squeezes out an oily lini- 
 nieni, lit for the inunction of the feathers, and 
 <'au'>in^ tln'ir filaments to cohere. Buy. 
 
 Inunda'tion. n. s. [inundation, Fr. 
 innndalioy Lat ] 
 
 The overflow of waters ; flood ; deluge. 
 Inundation, says Cowley, implies less 
 than deluge. 
 
 Her f ilher counts it dangerous, 
 That she should give her sorrow so much sway; 
 And in his wisdom hastes our marriage, 
 To slop the inundation of her tears Shakcsp, 
 
 The same inundation was not past forty foot in 
 most places ; so that some few wild inhaBitants of 
 the woods escaped. Bacon. 
 
 All fountains of the deep, 
 Broke up, shall heave the ocean to usurp 
 Beyond all hounds, 'till inundation rise 
 Above the highest hills. Miltotis Par. Lost. 
 
 This inundation unto the Ezyptians happenctk 
 when it is Winter unto the Ethiopians. 
 
 Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 Your care about your banks infers a fear 
 Of threatening tlootls, and inundatimis near. Dryd. 
 
 No swelling inundatioii hides the grounds, 
 Butcrystal currents i^lide « ilhin iheir bounds. Guy. 
 2. A confluence of any kind. 
 
 Many pood towns, through that inundation of 
 the Irish, were utterly wasted. Spenser. 
 
 To I'nvocate. v. a, [invoco, Lat.] To 
 invoke; to implore; to call upon; to 
 pray to. 
 
 Poor key-cold figure of a holy king ! 
 Be't lawful, that I invocate thy ghost, 
 To hear the lamentations of poor Anne. Shakesp. 
 
 If Dagon be tliy god, 
 Go to his temple, invocate his aid 
 , With solemnest devotion. Milton's Agonistcs. 
 
 Here rather let me drudge, and earn my bread, 
 *Till veruiin or the dralT of servile food 
 Consume me, and oft invocated death 
 Hasten the welcorae end of all my pains. 
 
 MiUon's A^onistcs. 
 
 I N V 
 
 Invocation, n. 5. [invocation, Fr, in- 
 vocation Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of calling upon in prayer. 
 
 Is not the name of prayer usual to signify even 
 all the service that ever we do unto God? And 
 that for no other cause, as I suppose, but to shew 
 that there is in religion no accejjtable duty, which 
 devout invocation of the name of God doth not 
 eitlier presuppose or ijifer. Honl-ur. 
 
 2. The form of calling for the assistance 
 or presence of any being. 
 
 My invocation is 
 
 Honest and fair, and in his mistreas' name. Sitak. 
 
 The pro))osilionof Gratius is contained in a line, 
 
 and that of invocation in half a line. II o'e. 
 
 I will strain myself to breathe out this one imo- 
 
 cation. ^ Houcl. 
 
 The wliole poem is a prayer to fortune, and the 
 
 invocatianh divided between tiic two deities. 
 
 Addison on Itulu- 
 
 Lnvoice. n. s. [This word is perhaps 
 corrupted from the French word <n- 
 voyez send.] A catalooue of the freight 
 of a shij>, or of the articles and price of 
 goods sent by a factor. 
 
 To Invo'ke. V, a. [invoco, Lat. inioquci\ 
 Fr.] To call upon ; to implore ; to pray 
 to; to invocate. 
 
 The power I will invoke dwells in her eyes. 
 
 Sidncii. 
 One peculiar nation to select 
 From all tlie rest, of whom to he invoked, Milton. 
 
 The skilful bard. 
 Striking tlie Thracian harp, invokes Apollo, 
 To make his hero and himself immortal. Prior. 
 
 To Involve, v. a* [iiivolvo, Lat] 
 L To enwrap; to cover with any thing 
 circumfluent. 
 
 Leave a singed bottom allinvtlv'd 
 With stencil and smuke. Milton. 
 
 No man could miss his way to heaven for want 
 of light ; and yet so vain are ihe^ as to think they 
 oblige tlie world b^' involving h ni darkness. 
 
 Decay if Piety. 
 In a ciond involved, he takes his flight, 
 Where Greeks and Trojans mix'd in mortal fight. 
 
 Drydc7i. 
 
 2. To imply ; to comprise. 
 
 We cannot demonstrate these things so as to 
 shew that the contrary necessarily involves a con- 
 tradiction. Tillotsen. 
 
 3. To entwist ; to join. 
 
 He knows his end with mine invofv'd. Milton. 
 
 4. To take in ; to catch ; to conjoin. 
 
 The gatli'ring number, as it moves along, 
 Involves a vast mvoluntarv throng. Pope 
 
 Sin we shoijd hate altogether ; but our hatred 
 of it may involve the person which wc should not 
 hate at all. Spratt. 
 
 One death involves 
 Tyrants and slaves. Thomsoii^s Snmmei: 
 
 5. 1 o entangle. 
 
 This refere;ice of the name to a thing whereof 
 we have no idea, is so far from helping at all, that 
 it only serves the more to involve us in ditficuitJes. 
 
 Locke. 
 
 As obscure and imperfect ideas often imxthv our 
 
 reason, so do dubious words puzzle men's reason. 
 
 Locke. 
 G. To complicate; to make intricate. 
 
 Some iiivolv'd their snaky folds. Milton. 
 
 S^ iloglMii is of necessary u^e, even to the lovers 
 of truth, to shew them the fallacies that are often 
 concealed iji florid, witty, or involved discour'ies. 
 
 Locke. 
 7. To blend ; to mingle together confu- 
 sedly. 
 
 Earth with hell mingle and involve. Mtlton. 
 
 Invo'luntarily. adv. [from involun- 
 tarj/.] Not by choice ; not spontane- 
 ously. 
 
 I N u 
 
 INVO'LUNTARY. ndj. [in and volun- 
 tarius, Lat. involuntaire, Fr.] 
 
 1 . Not having the power of choice. 
 
 The gatli'ring number, as it raovcB along^ 
 Involves a vast intvluiitaru tlirang, 
 Who t'cntly draw, and struggling less and less. 
 Roll in her vortex, and her pow'r confess. Pope. 
 
 2. Not chosen; not done willingly. 
 
 The forbearance of that action, consequent to 
 such command ot the mind, is called voluntary ; 
 and whatsoever action is performed without such 
 a thought of the mind, is called imoluntary. Locke, 
 
 But why, ah tell me, ;ih too dear .' 
 Steals down my cheek th' involuntary t*ar? Pope. 
 
 Involution, n. s. [inrolulio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of involving or inwrapping. 
 
 2. The state of being entangled ; compli- 
 tion. 
 
 All Ihinps are railed, and causes blended by 
 mutual infoliituiis. GluntilU. 
 
 3. That which is wrapped round any thing. 
 
 Great conceits are raised of the iuviylution or 
 membranous covering called the silly-how, some- 
 times found about ttie heads of children. 
 
 Brincns I'ulgar Kmilt. 
 
 To Inu're. V. a. [in and uri-.] To ha- 
 bituate; to make ready or willing by 
 practice and custom ; to accustom. It 
 had anciently with before the thing 
 practised, now to. 
 
 Because tiny so proudly insult, we must a little 
 inure their ears icith hearing how others, whom 
 they more regar'l, are accustomed to use the self- 
 same laliguage with us. Hooker. 
 
 If there might be added true art and learning, 
 there would be as much dilTerence, in maturity' of 
 judgment, between men therewith iuuredt and that 
 » hich now men are, as between men that are now 
 and innocents. Hooker. 
 
 That it may no painful work endure, 
 It to strong labour can itself iriHrc. Halberd's Tale. 
 
 England was a peaceable kingdom, and but 
 lately inured to the inild and goodly goverimient 
 of the Confessor. Spetivr. 
 
 The forward hand, inur'd to wounds, makes w ay 
 Upon the sharpest fronts of the most fierce. 
 
 DanKl. 
 
 Then cruel, by their sports to blood inur'd 
 Of fighting beasts, and men to beasts exjos'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 To inure 
 Our prompt obedience. MiUtm't Par. Lost. 
 
 They, who had been most inur'd to business, 
 had not in their lives ever undergone so great fa- 
 tigue for twenty days together. Clarendon. 
 
 We rnay inure ourselves by custom to bear tl:e 
 extremities of weather « ithuut injury. Addison. 
 Inu'rement. n. s. [from inure.'] Prac- 
 tice ; habit ; use ; custom ; frequency. 
 
 If iron will acijuire by mere continuance a se- 
 cret appetite, and habitual incliniition to tlie site 
 it held, then how much more may edncilion, 
 being nothing else but aconstant pliijht andt'ni.rf- 
 xiciii, induce by custom good habits into a reason- 
 able creature. I* otton. 
 
 To Inu'rn. v. a. [in and urn.] To in- 
 tomb ; to burj-. 
 
 The sepulchre 
 Wherein we saw thee quietly iniirirrf. 
 Hath op'd its ponderous and marble jaws 
 To cast thee up again. Sliakesp. Harr.'et, 
 
 Amidst the tears of Trojatj dames itturnd. 
 And by his loyal daughters truly luourii'd. 
 
 Drydcn, 
 
 Inu'stion. n. s. [iniislio, Lat.] The 
 
 act of burning. 
 Inutile, adj. [inutile, Fr. rn;//j7w, Lat.] 
 
 Useless ; unprofitable. 
 To refer to licat and cold is a coniprndious aiid 
 
 inii(i/e speculation. Paeon's y.at. Hist. 
 
 Inutility. «. s. [inuliliti-, Fr. inutiliias, 
 Lat.] Uselessness ; unprofitableness. 
 
 1013
 
 I N W 
 
 Invu'lnerable. adj. [inviihurable, Fr. 
 invulixrabilis, Lat.] Not to be wound- 
 ed ; secure from wound. 
 
 ' Our caiiiitni's malice vaiiilj shall be spent 
 Against tlr inmdnerabU cluiius of heav'ii. Shakesp. 
 
 Nor vainly lio|)e 
 To I>e invulnerable in those briglit arms, 
 Tliat mortal dint none can resist. M'dlon. 
 
 Vanessa, though by Pallas taught, 
 By love invulnerable tlmusht, 
 Searching in books for wisdom's aid, 
 Was in the very search betray'd. Sivift. 
 
 To Inwa'll. v. a. [m and wall.] To 
 inclose or fortify with a wall. 
 ^ Three such towns in those places with the gar- 
 risons, would be so augmented as they woulrl be 
 able with little to inuafi themselves strongly. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland, 
 I'NWARD. 1 , r (. c 1 
 
 Inwards. T'^''- [■"P^'-'nb. Sax.] 
 
 1. Toward.s the internal parts ; within. 
 
 The parts of living creatures that be more in- 
 wards, nourish more than the oulward flesh. 
 
 Bacon's Natural Histarxl. 
 
 The medicines which go to these magical oinl- 
 ments are so strong, that if they were used in- 
 wards they would l%ill ; and tlierefore they work 
 potently, though outwards. Bacon. 
 
 2. With inflection or incurvity ; concavcly. 
 
 He stretches oiif his arm in sign of pence, with 
 his breast bending inward. Drydeu's Dnfrcsnoi). 
 S. Intotlie mind or thoujThts. 
 
 Looking inward we were stricken dumb ; lock- 
 ing upward we speak and prevail. Hooker. 
 
 Celestial light 
 Shine inwards, and the soul through all her pow'rs 
 Irradiate. Mdton. 
 
 I'nwakd. adj. 
 
 1. Internal ; placed not on tne outside but 
 within. 
 
 He crndd not rest, out did his stout heart eat. 
 And waste his inward gall with deep despiulit. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 To each inward part 
 
 It shoots inviMble. ililtim. 
 
 Sickness, contributing no less than old age to 
 
 the shaking down tiiis scallolding of the body, 
 
 may discover the inward structure more plainly. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Reflecting ; deeply thinking. 
 
 With outward smiles their flatt'ry 1 receiv'd ! 
 But bent and imvard to myself again 
 Perplex'd, these matters if revolv'd, in vain. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 3. Intimate; domestick ; familiar. 
 
 Though the lord of the liberty do jiain himself 
 all he may to yield equal justice unto all, yet can 
 there not but great abuses lurk in so inward and 
 absolute a privilege. Spenser. 
 
 All my inwii'1 friends abhorred tne. Job, xix. 19. 
 
 4. Seated in the mind. 
 
 Princes have but llieir titles for their glories, 
 An outward honour for an inward toil ; 
 And for unfelt imaginations. 
 They often feel a world of restless cares. Shaltesji. 
 
 INWAUip. n. s. 
 
 1. Any thing within, generally the bowels. 
 Seldom has this sense a singular. 
 
 Then sacrificing, laid 
 The inwards, and their fal, wiih incense strew'd 
 On the cleft wood, and all due riles perform'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 They esteem them most profitable, because of 
 the great quantity of fat upon their inwards. 
 
 Mortimer. 
 
 2. Intimate; near acquaintance. Little 
 used. 
 
 Sir, I was an inward of his; a sly fellow was 
 the duke ; and 1 know the cause of his withdraw- 
 '"K- Shakesp. 
 
 J NWARDLY. adv. [from inward.] 
 1. In the heart; privately. 
 
 That which mwardlu each man should he, the 
 church outwardly ought to testify. Hooker. 
 
 J O B 
 
 I bleed inwardlpfuT my lord. Sliuhesp, 
 
 Mean time tlie king, though iiiirarrf/i/he moutn'd. 
 In pomp triumphant to the town reiurn'd, 
 jUtended by the chiefs. Drpdin's A'/i/g/i('s Tale. 
 3. In the parts within ; internally. 
 
 Let Benedick, like covered tire. 
 Consume away in sighs, waste inwardlxi. Shakesp. 
 
 Cantharides lie prescribes both outwardly and 
 inwardly.^ _ Arbulhnol. 
 
 3. With inflexion or concavity. 
 I'nwardness. n. s. [from imvard.] In- 
 timacy ; familiarity. 
 
 \uw know, my inwardness and love 
 Is very much unto the prince and Clandio. Sbak. 
 
 To Inwe'ave. preter. inwove or inweavcd, 
 part. pass, intvove, inwoven, or inweavcd. 
 in and weave.] 
 
 1 . To mix any thing in weaving, so that 
 it forms part of the texture. 
 
 A fair border, wrought of sundry flowers. 
 Inwoven witli an ivy winding trail. Spenser. 
 
 Down they cast 
 Their crowns, inwove with amaranth and gold. 
 
 Milton. 
 And o'er soft palls of purple grain unfold 
 Bich lap'stry, stiflen'd witlwjiuotie?; gold. Pope. 
 
 2. To entertwine ; to complicate. 
 
 Tlie roof 
 Of thickest covert was inwnr^en shade. Milton. 
 
 To Inwo'od. v. a. [in and wood.] To 
 hide in woods. Not used. 
 
 He got out of the river, inwooded himself so as 
 the ladies lost the marking liis sportfulness. 
 
 Sidneii. 
 To I.nwra'p. v. a. [!« and wrap.] 
 
 1. To cover by involution ; to involve. 
 
 And over thetn Aracliiic high did lift 
 Her cunning web, and spread her subtil net, 
 hiwropped in foul smoak. Fairy Queen. 
 
 This, as an amber drop inwraps a bee, 
 Covering discovers your quick sou! ; that we 
 May in your through-shine front our hearts 
 thoughts see. Vonne. 
 
 2. To perplex ; to puzzle with difficidty 
 or obscurity. 
 
 The case is no sooner made than resolv'd ; if it 
 lie made not inwrappea, but plainly and perspicti- 
 ously._ Bacon 
 
 3. It is doubtful whether the following 
 examples should not be enrwp or inrap, 
 from in antl rnp, rapio, Lat. to ravish 
 or transport. 
 
 This pearl she gave me I do feel't and see't ; 
 And though 'tis wonder that oiuTaps me thus. 
 Yet 'lis not madness. Shakesp. 
 
 For if such li(»ly song 
 Enwrap our fancy long 
 Time will run back, and fetch t^e age of gold. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Inwro'ught. adj. [in and ivrouglit.] 
 Adorned with work. 
 
 Camus, reverend sir, went footing slow, 
 His mantle hairy and liis bonnet sedge, 
 
 Inicrou^ht with figures dim, and on the edge 
 Like to that sanguine flower inscrib'd with woe. 
 
 Milton. 
 To Inwre'athe. v. a. [in and wreath?^ 
 To surround as with a wre.'ith. 
 
 Bind their rcsiilendcnt locks inwreath'd with 
 
 beams. ' Milton. 
 
 Nor less the palm of peace imvreathes thy brow. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 JOB. 71. s. [.\ low word now much in 
 use, of which I cannot tell the etymo- 
 logy.] 
 
 1. Petty, piddling work ; a piece of chance 
 work. 
 
 2. A low mean lucrative busy afl^air. 
 
 He was now with his old friends, like an old 
 favourite of a cunning minister after the Jot is over. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 J o c 
 
 _ No cheek is known to blush, no heart to (hrob, 
 Jave when they lose a questi(Jii, or a job. Pone. 
 Such patents as these never were granted with 
 a view of being a job, for the interesi of a particu- 
 lar person to the damage of the publick. Swift. 
 •?. A sudden stab with a sharp instrument, 
 'In Job. I', a. 
 
 1. To strike suddenly with a sharp in- 
 strument. 
 
 As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a 
 meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and sat jub- 
 tini) of tlie sore. L'Estrange. 
 
 2. To drive in a sharp instrument. 
 
 Let peacocke and turkey leave./otiiing their be.':. 
 
 rr, Tusser. 
 
 1 he work would, where a small irregularity of 
 slulVshould happen, draw or job the edge intotlte 
 «'""'■ Moxmt. 
 
 To Job. v. n. To play the stock jobber ; 
 to buy and sell as a broker. 
 
 The jiiilge shall>ft, the bishop bite the town. 
 And mighty dukes pack cards for lialf a crown. 
 
 . , r^ ^'»'f- 
 
 Job s Tears, n. s. An herb. 
 
 Ainsuwrtli. 
 Jo'bber. n. .s. [from ;■()&.] 
 
 1. A man who sells stock in the publick 
 funds. 
 
 So cast it in the southern seas. 
 And view it lllrough s jobber's hill ; 
 
 Put on what s[)ectacles you please, 
 Vour guinea's but a uuinea still. Swift. 
 
 2. One who does chancework. 
 Jobberno'wl. n.x. [most prob;ibly from 
 
 johhe, Flem. dull, and rtuwl, Jjnol, Sax. 
 a head] Loggerhead ; blocldiead. 
 
 And like the world, men's ,/(V)/)erii<>u/.s 
 Turn round upon tlnir ears, the poles, Hudibrai,. 
 Jo'cKEY. n. s. [from Jack, the diminu- 
 tive of John, comes Jackei/, or, as, the 
 Scotch, Jockei/ used for any boy, antl 
 partictilarly for a boy that rides race- 
 horses.] 
 
 1. A fellow that rides horses in the race. 
 
 These were the wise ancients, wlio heaped up 
 greater honours on Pindar's jockieS- than on (he 
 poet himself, Addiunt 
 
 2. A man that deals in horses. 
 .3. A cheat; a tricki.sh fellow. 
 
 To Jo'cKEY. 11. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To justle by riding against one. 
 
 2. To cheat ; to trick. 
 
 JOCO'SE. erf/, [jocosus, Lat] Merry; 
 waggish ; given to jest. 
 
 If the subject be sacred, all ludicrous turns, and 
 jocose or comical airs, should be excluded, lest 
 ycmng minds learn to trifle with the awful 
 solemnities of religion. Watts. 
 
 Jocosely, adv. [from jocose.] Wag- 
 gishly ; in jest ; in game. 
 
 Sjiondanus imagines that Ulysses m.iy possiblj 
 speak jocosely, but in truth Ulysses never behaves 
 with levity. UroOJne. 
 
 Joco'sENESS. \ n. s. [from jocose.] 
 
 Joco'siTY. J Waggery; merriment. 
 
 A laugh there is of contempt or indignation, as 
 
 well as of mirth vrjocositif. Brown's Vuli^. Err. 
 
 JO'CULAR. adj. [jocularis, Lat.] Used 
 in jest ; meiry; jocose; waggish; not 
 serious : used both of men and things. 
 
 These jocular slantlcrs are often as mischievouj 
 as those of deejiest design Oov. oj tite Tongiic. 
 
 The satire is a draiuatick poem ; the stile if 
 partly serious, and partly yucii/dr. Dryden. 
 
 Good Vellum, don't \ie jocular. Addiscm. 
 
 Jocula'rity. m. .v. [from_/«c«/a?\] Mer- 
 riment; disposition to jest. 
 The wits of those ages were short of these oj' 
 
 1014
 
 J O II 
 
 ours J when men coald maintain immutable faces, 
 
 and persist unalterably at tbc elVorlsof /orN/an('/. 
 
 Broun's Vulf^ar Errours. 
 
 JOCUND, tf///. [jocundusihsit.] Merry; 
 gay ; airy ; lively. 
 
 Tbcre's comfort yet ; tben be tbou jVrnHf^ Shak. 
 
 No jflcund health, that Denmark drinks to-day, 
 But tbc great cannon to the clouds shall tdbA'/ju/t. 
 
 They on their niirtii and dance 
 Intent, with JdCJjmi inusick charm his ear. Milttm. 
 
 Alexi-s shun'd his fcllow-swaiiis, 
 Their rural sports, mM] jomnd strains. Prior. 
 
 Jo'cuNDLY. adv. [iroin jocund.] Mer- 
 rily ; gaily. 
 
 He hi*5 no power of himself to leave it ; but he 
 is Tu'iiK'd jocundty and pleasantly, and damned ac- 
 cording; to bis heart's desire. Sonlh. 
 
 To JOG. V. a. [scfiokenj Dut.] To push; 
 to shake by a sudden impulse ; to give 
 notice by a sudden push, 
 
 JSow leaps be upright, jogs me and cries. Do 
 you see 
 Yonder well-favour'd youth ? Donne. 
 
 Tliis said, he joggd his good steed"nieher, 
 And steer'd him gt-ntlv toward the stjuire. Hudih. 
 
 I was prir-tty well pfeabed while I exprcled, till 
 fruition /o^»'6(i me out of my jilcasing slumber, and 
 I knew it was but a dream. Norris. 
 
 Suflden IJogg'd Ulysses, who was laid 
 Fast by my side. Papers Odyssey. 
 
 To Jog. v. w. 
 
 i. To move by succussation ; to move with 
 small shocks like those of a low trot. 
 
 The door is open, Sir, there lies good way. 
 You may hejogging while your boots are green. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 Here lietli one, who did most trully prove 
 Tiiat he could never die while he could move ; 
 So. bunt:; his destiny, never to rnt 
 While lie might stifl/y^ unand keep his trot. Milt. 
 2. To travel idly and heavily. 
 Jog on, jog on the foot-path way. 
 And merrily heat the stile-a, 
 
 A nierrv heart goes all the day. 
 Tour sad tires in a milc-a. Shakesp. Winter s Tale. 
 Aw-ay they trotted tpgetlier; but as they were 
 jogging on, tlie wolf spy'd a bare place aSuut ilie 
 doti's neck. L'Esirunt^^ 
 
 riius they jog on, still tricking, never ihrivii^g, 
 And niurd'riug plays, which they miscal reviving. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Jog. w. s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. A push; a slight shake; a sudden in- 
 terruption by a push or shake ; a hint 
 given by a push. 
 
 As a leopard was valuing himself upon his 
 party-coloured skin, a fox gave liini fi jog, and 
 whispered, that the beauty of the mind was above 
 that of a painted outside. L'Estrange. 
 
 Nick fuund the means to slip a note into Lewis's 
 bands, which Lewis as slyly put into John's 
 pocket, with a pinch or a jog to warn bim what he 
 was about. Arbuthnnt. 
 
 A letter wiien I am inditing, 
 Comes Cupid and gives me a jog, 
 
 And 1 fill all the paper with writing 
 Of nothing but sweet Mully Mug. Sicift, 
 
 2. A rub ; a small stop ; an irregularity of 
 motion. 
 
 How that which penetrates all bodies without 
 the least jog or ob^tructi()n, should iiupress a mo- 
 tion (m any, is inconceivable. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 Jogger. ?k s, [from jog.] One who 
 moves heavily and (hdly. 
 They, with tlieir fellow /nn-i^'^tTS of tlie plougli.Drj/. 
 
 To Jo'ggle. 1'. M. To shake. 
 
 In the head of man, the base of the brain is pa- 
 rallel to the horizon; b> wliich there is less dan- 
 ger of the two brains jt^ggH^gt or sbpping out of 
 Ibelr place. Vtrham. 
 
 JOHNAPPLE. n. S. 
 
 A johnapple is a good reli'ibcd sharp ap|>Ie the 
 Spring following, wtien most other fruit is spent : 
 they are fit for the cyder plantations. Mortimer. 
 
 J () I 
 
 To Join. v. a. [joinJre, Fr.] 
 
 1. To add one lo another in contiguity. 
 
 Woe unto tlieni that Jom house to house, thai 
 lay field lo liciil. Isa. Iviij. 
 
 Join them one to auotlier into one stick. Ezck. 
 Tlie wall was joined together unto the half. 
 
 Nth. IV. 6. 
 
 2. To couple ; to combine. 
 
 In tliis faculty R-pealiiig and joining together its 
 iih'as, the mind has great power. Lixkc. 
 
 3. To unite in league or marriagre. 
 
 One only daughter heirs my crown and state, 
 \\'hi'Tn not our oracles, nor lieav'n, nor fate. 
 Nor fre.|ucnt jirodigies permit to inin 
 U itii any native of the Ausoniaii line. Dryd. /F.n. 
 
 4. To dash together; to collide; to en- 
 counter : this sense is to be found in tlic 
 piuase to join l/idtle, in which, ball/i 
 seems not to signify fight, but trooi)s in 
 array, commilttre e.nrcitus, though it 
 may likewise mean Jight, as, commit- 
 tirc prtvlium. 
 
 When they joined battle, Israel was smitten. 
 
 1 Sam. iv. y. 
 
 Tliey should with resolute minds endure, until 
 
 they might./iim battle with their enemies. Kmlles. 
 
 5. To associate. 
 
 Go near, and /um thyself to this chariot. Acts. 
 Tliou shall not be.;iiin«i w ilh Ihein in burial, liui. 
 G. To unite in one act. 
 
 Our best notes are treason to his fame, 
 Join'd with the loud applause of publick voice. 
 
 Droden. 
 Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. 
 Thy words w ill more prevail than liiine. Dryden. 
 
 7. To unite in concord. 
 
 Be perfectly joined together in the same mind. 
 
 1 Cor. 
 
 8. To act in concert with. 
 
 Know your own int'rest, Sir, where'er you lead, 
 Wejointiy vuw to jtiin no other head. Dr]/cf..4uj'fHP-. 
 
 To Join. v. n. 
 
 1. To grow to ; to adliere ; to be contiguous. 
 
 .Tustus's house Jiimcd hard to the synagogue Acts. 
 
 2. To close ; to clash. 
 
 Look you, all you that kiss my lartv peace at 
 home, that our arniies_;i)iH not in a hot day. 
 
 Shakeap. Henry IV. 
 
 Here's the earl of Wiltshire's blood, 
 \\ hoin I cncounter'd, as the battles join'd. Sluili. 
 
 3. To unite with in marriage, or any 
 
 other league. 
 
 Should we again break thy commandiuents, and 
 join ill athnily with tin- people? Ezra. 
 
 4. To become confederate. 
 
 When there falleth out any war, they jnm unto 
 
 OUT enemies, and fight against us. E:[odns. 
 
 Let us make peace with him, before he join 
 
 with Alexander against us. 1 Mac. 
 
 Kv'n you yourself 
 Join with the rest ; you are armed agaiiistroe. 
 
 Druden. 
 
 Any other may join with him that is iniured, 
 
 and assist him in recovering satisfaction. jLicAc. 
 
 Joinder. ?/. .y. [from Join.] Conjunc- 
 tion ; joining. Not used. 
 
 A contract of eternal bond of love, 
 Confirm'd by mutual /(iou/ec of your hands. Shak. 
 
 Jo'iNER. 71. $. [from join.] One whose 
 trade is to make utensils of wood com- 
 pacted. 
 
 The people wherewith you plant ought to be 
 smiths, carpenters, and ;otaer5. Bocon's Essavs. 
 
 It is counted good workmanship in a ;()jnfr,'to 
 bear his hand curiously even. i\lflxon's Mech. Ex. 
 
 Joinery, n. s. [from joiner.] 
 
 Joinerij is an art whereby several pieces if wood 
 are so fitted and joined togetlier by strait lines, 
 sipiares, miters, or any bevel, that they shall seem 
 one entire piece. Moxon. 
 
 Joint, n.s. [junctura, Lai. jointure, Fr.] 
 
 J O I 
 
 1. Articulation of limbs; juncture of move- 
 able bones in animal bodies. 
 
 Dropsies and asthmas, and joint racking rheums. 
 
 Millm. 
 I felt the same pain in the same joint. Temple. 
 
 2. Hinge ; junctures which admit motion 
 of the ))arts. 
 
 The coach, the cover wliereof was made with 
 such joints that as they might, to avoid the wea- 
 ther, pull it up close when they listed; so when 
 they would, they might remain as discovered and 
 open-sighted as on horseback. Sidney. 
 
 3. [In joinery ; joinle, Fr.j 
 
 .Strait lines, in joiners language, is called Ajoint, 
 that is, two pieces of wood arc shot, that is, 
 plained. iloxffn,_ 
 
 4. A knot or commissure in a plant 
 
 •5. One of the limbs of an animal cut up 
 by the butcher. 
 
 In bringing a joint of meat, it falls out of your 
 hand. dirt/f* 
 
 G. Out of joint. Luxated; slipped from 
 the socket, or correspondent part where 
 it naturally moves. 
 
 Jacob's thigh was out t^' joint. Gen. xxiii. C5. 
 
 My head and whole body was sore hurt, and 
 
 aKo one of niy arms and legs put ont oJjoint.Hcrb. 
 
 7. Out of joint. Thrown into confusion and 
 
 disorder; confused; full of disturbance. 
 
 The time is out ojjoint, oh cursed spight! 
 That ever 1 was born to set it right. Shaketp. 
 
 Joint, adj. "" 
 
 1. Shared among many. 
 
 Kntertain no more of it. 
 
 Than a ioiiit burthen laid upon us all. Shakesp. 
 
 Though it be common in respect of some men, 
 
 it is not so to all mankind ; but is the joint pro. 
 
 perty of this country, or this parish. Locke^ 
 
 2. United in the same possession : as we 
 say, joint heirs or coheirs, joiniheiresses 
 or coheiresses. 
 
 The sun and man did strive. 
 Joint tenants of the world, who should surviTe. 
 
 Donne. 
 Pride then was not ; nor arts, that pride to aid ; 
 JMan walk'd with beast joint tenant ol the shade. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 3. Combined; acting together in consort. 
 
 On your j'oinf vigour now. 
 My liold of this new kingdom ail depends.Mi/lon. 
 In a w-ar carried on by the j'dint force of so many 
 nations, France could send troops. Addison. 
 
 7 Joint, v. a. [from the noun.] 
 
 1 . To form in articulations. 
 
 The lingers are joined together for motion, and ' 
 furnished with several muscles. /«a_l/ on t/ie Creation. 
 
 2. To form many parts into one. 
 
 Against the slecd he threw 
 His forceful spear, wliich hissing as it flew, 
 Pierc'd through theyielding planks ofjointfrfwood. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 3 To join together in confederacy. Not 
 used. 
 
 The times 
 Made frien<ls of them, jointing their force 'gainst 
 (.'a?sar. Shokc^p, 
 
 4. To divide a joint ; to cut or quarter into 
 
 joints. 
 
 lie jointi the neck ; and with a stroke so strong 
 The helm tiies otV; and bears the head along. Dryd. 
 
 Jo'inted. adj. [from joint.] Full of 
 joints, knots, or commissures. 
 
 Three cubits higli 
 The j'.iinteti herbage shoots. Philtips. 
 
 Jo'inter. n. i. [from Join/.] A sort of 
 plane. 
 
 The jointer is somewhat longer than the fore- 
 plane, and hath its sole perfectly strait: its ollice 
 IS to folhiw tlie fore-plane, and shoot and edge 
 perfectly strait, when a joint is to be shot. Moxan, 
 
 1015
 
 J O L 
 
 Jo'iNTLY. adv. [from joint.l 
 1. Together ; not separately. 
 
 1 began a cumbat first with him particularly, 
 and after his flealh witli ihe others jointly. Sidneu. 
 
 Because all tliat are of the cliurcli cannot /um(/i/ 
 and' equally work ; tlie first thing in polity re- 
 quired is adifference of persons in the church. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 The prince told him he could lay no claim to his 
 graiituae, but desired ihey mifjlit go to tlie altar 
 together, and jointly return their thanks to whom 
 only it was due. Addison. 
 
 ?. In a state of union or co-operation. 
 
 His name a great evamjile stands, to shew 
 How strauf^ely higli endeavours may bfe blest, 
 Where piety and valourj(»i?i(/i/ go. Dryden. 
 
 Jo'iNTRESS. w. s. [from jointure.] One 
 
 who holds any thing in jointure. 
 
 Our queen, 
 Th' imperial /()mtres5 of this warlike state, 
 We've taken now to wife. Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 JoiNTSTO'oL. n. s. [joint and stool.] A 
 
 stool made not merely by insertion of 
 
 the feetj but by inserting one part in 
 
 another. 
 
 He rides tlte wild mare with the bo3'S, and 
 jumps upon joitrtstooh, and wears his boot very 
 smooth likr unto thesi^n of the leg. Shakesp. 
 
 Could that be ettrnal which they Iiad seen a 
 rude trunk, and perliai>s the other piece of it a 
 joititstool? ^ Smith. 
 
 He used to lay cliairs and Joiutstnnls m tlieir 
 ■way, that they might break noses by falling. 
 
 Arhuthuot. 
 
 JO'INTURE. w. 5. [jointure, Fr.] Estate 
 settled on a wife to be enjoyed after her 
 husband's decease. 
 
 The jointure that your king must make, 
 With her dmv'ry shall be counterpois'd. Shakesp. 
 The old countess of Desmond, who lived in 
 1589, and many years since, was married in Ed- 
 ward the Fourth's time, and held her J(7inf?i7"e from 
 ali tiie earls of Desmonfl since then. 
 
 lialeigh's Histoi-y of the World. 
 Tliere's a civil questiun us'd of late. 
 Where lies my jointure, where your own estate ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 What's property ? You see it alter. 
 Or, in a mortgage, prove a lawyer's share. 
 Or, in ■djointtire, vanish from the iieir. Pope. 
 
 Joist. 7^. s. [^rom joindre, Fr.] The se- 
 condary beam of a floor. 
 
 Some wood is not good to use for beams or 
 joists, because of tlie brittleness. Mortimer^ s Hush. 
 
 The kettle to the top was hoist. 
 And there stood fastened to a Joist. Sirijt. 
 
 To Joist, v. a. [from the noun.] To fit 
 in the smaller beams of a flooring. 
 
 JOKE. 7/. s. [jocus, Lat.] A jest; some- 
 thing not serious. 
 
 Link towns to towns with avenues of oak 
 Inclose wluile downs in walls, 'tis all a. joke! 
 Inexorable death shall level all. Pope. 
 
 Why should publick mockery in print, or a 
 merry [^/'i/ce upon a stage, be a better test of truth 
 than publick persecutions? Watts. 
 
 To Joke. v. n. [jocor^ Lat.] To jest ; to 
 be merry in words and actions. 
 
 Our neighbours tell nie oft, 'u\ joking talk, 
 Of ashes, "leather, oat meal, bran and chalk. G^/y. 
 
 Jo'ker. n. s, [from joAy.] A jester ; a 
 merry fellow. 
 
 'I'huu inad'st thy first appearance in the vvorld 
 like -AfXry joker, butfoon, or jack pudding. Dennis. 
 JoLE. n.s. [gueuie, Fr. crol, Sax.] 
 h The face or chcelv. It is seldom used 
 but in the phrase cheek by jole. 
 Follow ! nay. Til go with thee cheek byjolc. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 A'ld by him in another hole, 
 Aftiicied'Raipho, cheek hyjole, Hudibras. 
 
 J O L 
 
 Your wan complexion, and your ihinjoles, fa- 
 ther. Drudcn. 
 
 A man, wlio has digested all the fathers, lets a 
 pure English divine go cheek hyjole with him. 
 
 Collier on Pride. 
 
 2. The head of a fish. 
 
 A salmon's belly, Helluo, was th3' fate ; 
 The doctor call'd," declares all help too late : 
 iNIercy ! cries Helluo, mercy on my soul ! 
 Is tliereno hope ? alas! then bring the /mo/. Pope. 
 
 Red-speckled trouts, the salmon's silverjo/e. 
 The Jointed lobster, and unscaly soalc. Gay's Triv. 
 
 To JoLL. V, a. [from ;o// the heiid.] To 
 beat the head against any thing ; to 
 clash with violence. 
 
 Huwsfie'er their hearts are sever'd in religion, 
 their heads are both one: they may ji>// horns to- 
 gelher. Shakesp. 
 
 The tortoises envied the easiness of the frogs, 
 'till they saw iheni jolled to pieces and devoured 
 for want of a buckler. VEstrange. 
 
 Jo'llily. adt. [from joili/] In a dispo- 
 sition to noisy mirth. 
 
 The goodly empress, jolUly inclln'd. 
 Is to the welcome bearer wondVous kind. Dry. Per. 
 
 Jo'lliment. n.s, [from jolh/.] Mirth; 
 merriment ; gaiety. Obsolete. 
 
 Matter of mirth enough, though there were 
 n(»ne. 
 She could devise, and thousand ways invent 
 To feed her foolish humour and vain jollhient. 
 
 Fairy Qnee^i. 
 JO'LLTNESS. \ „^ ^^ rf,.oj„ .^/^ j 
 Jo'llity. I *- . . 
 
 1. Ciaiety; elevation of spirit. 
 
 lie with a proud /f)///(t/ commanded him to leave 
 that quarrel only fur him, who was only worthy to 
 enter into it. Sidney. 
 
 2. Merriment; festivity. 
 
 With joyance bring her, and w]th jollity. Spenser. 
 
 There shall these pairs of fciithfu! lovers be 
 Wedded, with Theseus, alt m jollity. Shakesp. 
 
 The brazen throat af war had ceas'd to roar ; 
 All n(jw was turn'd io jollity and game. 
 To luxury and riot, feast and dance. Milton. 
 
 Good men are never so surprised as in the midst 
 of their jollities, nor so fatally overtaken and 
 caught as when the table is made tlie snare. Smth. 
 
 With branches we the fuiies adorn, and waste 
 In joditif the day ordained to be the last.Dri/^/./En, 
 
 My lieart was filled with melancholy to sec se- 
 veral' dropping in the midst of mirth and ;o//iiy. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 JO'LLY adj. [joU, Vv.jovialis, Lat.] 
 l.Gay; merry; airy; cheerful; lively; 
 jovial. 
 
 Like a.jolly trnop of huntsmen, come 
 Our lusty English. Shakesp. King John. 
 
 O nightingale ! 
 Thou with fresh hope the lover's heart dost fill. 
 While the jollu hours lead on propitious May. 
 
 ^ ^ Milton. 
 
 All my griefs to this art jolly. 
 Nought so sad as Melancholy. Burton. 
 
 Ev'n ghosts had leain'd to groan ; 
 But free from punishment, as free from sin, 
 The shades lived /c//^, and without a king. 
 
 Drt]dens Juvenal. 
 This gentle knight, inspir'd jy jolly May, 
 Forso(jk his easy couch at early day. Dryden. 
 
 A shepherd now along the plain he roves. 
 And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior. 
 
 2. Plump; like one in high health. 
 
 He catciies at an apple of Sodom, which thouLdi 
 it may entertain his eye with a florid, jolly white 
 and red, yet, upon the touch, it shall fill his liand 
 only with* stench and foulness. South. 
 
 To JOLT. ('. 71. [I know not whence de- 
 rived.] To shake as a carriage on rough 
 ground. 
 
 J o V 
 
 Every little unevenness of the ground will causv 
 such a jolthio- of the cliariot as to hinder the mo- 
 timi of its sails. IVilkins. 
 
 Violent iiKjtion, as Jolting in a coacli, may b« 
 used in tliis case. Arbuthnol on Diet. 
 
 A coach and six horses is the utmost exercise 
 you can bear, and how glad would you be, if it 
 coulil waft you in tlie air to avoid jo/tiwi^'.' i'lri/f. 
 
 To Jolt. v. a. To shake one as a car- 
 riage does. 
 Jolt. n. s. [from the verb.] Shock ; vio- 
 lent Hgitation. 
 
 The ^yiii|itonis are, bloody water upon a sud- 
 den jolt or violent motion. Arbitthtwt on Diet. 
 Tile first jolt had like to have shaken me out ; 
 but afterwards the motion was easy. Swift. 
 
 Jo'lthead. «. s. [I know not whence de- 
 rived.] A great head ; a dolt ; a block- 
 head. 
 
 Fie on thee, jolthcad, thou can'st not read \Skah- 
 Had man been a dwarf, he liad scarce been a 
 reasonable creature ; for he must then have either 
 had ajolthrad, and so there would not have been 
 body and blood enough to supply his brain with 
 spirits ; or lie must have had a small head, and 
 so there would not have been braia enoujih for his 
 business. Greie. 
 
 Jonqui'lle. n. s. [jonquille, Fr.] A 
 species of daffodil. The flowers of this 
 plant are greatly esteemed for their 
 strong sweet scent. Miller, 
 
 Nor gradual bloom is wanting. 
 Nor hyacinths of purest virgin white. 
 Low bent and blushing inward ; uvr jonqiiilles 
 Of potent fragrance. Thomson's Spring. 
 
 Jo'rden. n. s. [50)1. stercus, and ben re- 
 ceptaculum.] A pot. 
 
 Tlicy will allow us ne'er aj'orrffn, and then we 
 leak in your chimney ; and your chainberlye 
 breeds fleas like a loach. Shakesp. 
 
 This CUina-jorden let the chief o'ercome 
 Replenish, not ingU.riously at home. Pope's Dune. 
 
 The copper put can boil milk, heat porridge, 
 hold small beer, or, in case of necessity, serve for 
 ajorden. Swift. 
 
 Jo'seph's Flowers, n. s. A plant. 
 
 Ainsivortk, 
 To Jo'sTLE. 11 a. [jouster, Fr.] To jostle* 
 
 to rush against. 
 Jot. n. s. [IS/Tct.] A point ; a tittle ; the 
 least quantity assignable. 
 
 As superfluous flesh did rot. 
 Amendment ready still at hand did wait. 
 
 To pluck it out with pincers fiery hot, 
 That soon in him was left no one corrupt/of. 
 
 Fairii Queen. 
 
 Go, Eros, send his treasure after, do it ; 
 
 Detain no>(, I charge thee. Shakesp. 
 
 Let me not stay a jot from dinner ; go, get it 
 
 ready. S/iaifsp. 
 
 This nor hurts hira nor profits you ajot ; 
 Forbear it therefore ; give your cause to Heav'n. 
 
 Shak. 
 
 This bond doth give thee here nojol of blood ; 
 
 The words expressly are a pound of flesh. Shak. 
 
 I argue not 
 Against Heavn's hand, or will ; nor bate one>» 
 Of heart or hope ; but still bear up and steer 
 Right onwards. . Mj''""- 
 
 You might, with every jot as much justice, hang 
 me up because I'm old, as beat me because Ira 
 
 iiuputent. 
 
 L'Estranse. 
 
 A man may read the discourses of a very ra- 
 tional author, and yet acquire not one Jot of know- 
 ledge. , i-"<^*»- 
 
 The final event will not be onejot less the coi;- 
 sequencc of our own choice and actions, for God » 
 haviiici from all eternitv foreseen and determined 
 what tliat event shall be. Rogers. 
 
 JOVIAL, adj. [jovial, Fr. >i'ia/M, Lat.] 
 ■' '' 1016
 
 .) o u 
 
 1, Undor tlv influence of Jupiter. 
 
 'I'tic fixed stars are astrologic.illy differenced bv 
 the plane's, and are esteemed martial or jovial, ac- 
 cording to the coluurs wiicreby they answer these 
 planets. Browns Vutg. Err. 
 
 2. (iay; airy; merry. 
 
 My lord, sleek o'er \onr rupged looks. 
 Be brislit -Aud Jovial 'inong your jrnests. Shahesp. 
 
 Out j'niui star reign'd at fiis birth. hliuhe^i>. 
 
 Some men, of an ill and melancholy nature, in- 
 cline the company, into which they come, to be 
 sad and ill-disposed ; and contr;iriwise, oiliers of 
 a jovuil nature dispose tlie company to be merry 
 and clieerful. Bacon^s AV^f. Uiit. 
 
 fIisod(-> are some of tlieni panegyrical, oti ers 
 moral, the resljoi'/a/ or bacchanHiian. Dnjd. 
 
 I'erhaps the jest that charm'd the sprightly 
 crowd. 
 And made tlie joviai table laugh so load. 
 To some false notion ow'd its [)oor pretence. Pn'cTr. 
 Jo'viALLY. ado. [from JoDj'a/.] Merrily; 
 
 gaily. 
 Jo'viALNESS, n.*. [from joMfl/.] Gaiety; 
 
 merritnent. 
 JouiSANCE. n. s. [rrjouissance, Fr.] 
 Jollity ; merriment ; festivity. Obso- 
 lete. 
 
 Colin, my dear, wlien shall it please thee sing. 
 As thou Wert \v'oiit, songs of some jtmisance ? 
 
 Thy rause too long slumbereth in sorrowing. 
 Lulled asleep through love's misgovernance Spen. 
 Jo'URNAL. ai/J. [joiirnale, !■>. giornak, 
 Itnl.] Daily ; quotidian. Out of use 
 
 Now 'gan the golden Phccbus for to sleep 
 His tiery face in billows of the West, 
 
 And his faint steeds water'd in ocean deep, 
 Whilst from theirjour;ial labours they did rest. 
 
 Fairv Queen. 
 Ere twice the sun has made his jmimaf greeting 
 To th' under generation, you shall find 
 Your safety manifested. .Shakesp. Mem. for Meas. 
 Stick to your journal course ; the Breach of 
 custom 
 Is breach of all. Shahesp. Cymheline. 
 
 Jo'URNAL. n. s. [journal, Fr. giornah, 
 Ital.] 
 
 1. A diary; an account kept of daily 
 transactions. 
 
 Edward kept amost iudicious j'oiiraai of all the 
 principal passages of the affairs of his estate. 
 
 Hiipicard mi Edu\ VI. 
 
 Timehas deilroyed two noble journtits of the 
 navigation of Hanno and of iidm)\cai. Arbuthnot. 
 
 2. -Any paper published daily. 
 Jo'URNALisT. n.s. [from journal.] A 
 
 writer of journals. 
 JOURNEY, n. s. [journee, Fr.] 
 
 1. The travel of a day. 
 
 W hen Duncan is asleep. 
 Whereto the ratlier shall iliis day's \\ai& journey 
 Soundly invite him. Sliakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 .Scarce the sun 
 Hath finished half hU jouriuy. Millon. 
 
 2. Travel by land ; distinguished from a 
 Toyacre or travel by sea. 
 
 So are tlie horses of the enemy. 
 In general journal bated and brought low. Shak. 
 
 Before t1ie light of the gospel, mankind travel- 
 led like people in the rark, without any certain 
 prospect of the end of their journey, or of the 
 wav that led to it. Rogers. 
 
 He for the promis'd /oiimfv bids prepare 
 The smootii-hair'd hurses and the rapid car. Pope. 
 
 3. Passasie from place to place. 
 
 S<nnc, having a long journey from the upper re- 
 gions, wuuld float up and down a good while. 
 
 , . Burnet. 
 
 Light of the ivorld, the ruler of the year. 
 Still as thou do'st thy radiant>iiniifcs run 
 Through every distant climate own. 
 That in fair Albion thou hast seen 
 The greatest prince; the brightest queen. Prior. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 J () Y 
 
 To Jo'uRNEY. V. n. [from the noun.] To 
 travel ; to pass from place to place. 
 
 Cientlemen of good esteem 
 Are journeijinf^ to salute the emperor. Shakesp, 
 
 \\'c art: Jouniet/ing uuto the place, of which the 
 Lord said, i will give it you. tiumhcrs. 
 
 Since such love s natural siati.'.n is, may still 
 My love descend, and /nurnci/ down the hill ; j 
 Not panting after growing beauties, so 
 1 shall ebb on with them who homeward go. Donn. 
 
 I have/nnnffi/cr/ this moniing, and it is now the 
 heat of the da^- ; therefore your lordship's dis- 
 courses had need content my ears very well, to 
 make them iiitreat my eyes to keep open. Bacon. 
 Over the tent a cloud I 
 
 Shall rest by day, a fiery gleam by night, [ 
 
 Savewlien they ;ournei/. Milton $ Farad. Lest. 
 
 Having heated his body hy Jonrneifin^f he took 
 C(jld upon the ground. iViseman's Surt^ery. 
 
 Jo'uRNEYMAN. n. ». [journfe a day's 
 work, Fr. and man.] A hired work- 
 man ; a workman hired bj' the day. 
 
 They were caWed Journeiimen that wrought with 
 otl'.ers'by the day, though now by statute to be 
 extended to those likewise that covenant to work 
 in their occuiiation w ith another by the year. 
 
 Coiw//. 
 
 Players have so strutted and bellowed, that 1 
 have thought some of Nature's journeymen had 
 made men, and not made them well. 
 
 Shakesp. Hamlet. 
 
 I intend to work for the court myself, and will 
 have journeymai under nie to furnish the rest of 
 the nation. Addison. 
 
 Says Frog to Bull, this old rogue will take tlie 
 business into his bands : we must starve or turn 
 journeymen to old Lewis baboon. 
 
 ArhuthnotU John Bull. 
 Jo'uRNEYWORK. «. ». [Jo«rHtV, Fr. and 
 work.] Work performed for hire ; 
 work done by the day. 
 
 Did no comniiitee sit, where he 
 Might cut oat joumeifwork for thee? 
 And set thee a task with subornation, 
 '1(1 stitch up sale and sequestration? Hudibras. 
 
 Her family she was forced to hire out at jour- 
 neyuork to her neighbuurs. Arbuthnot's John Dull. 
 JousT. n.s. [joust, Fr.] Tilt; tourna- 
 ment ; mock fight. It is now written 
 less properly JHi/. 
 
 Bases, and tinsel Iranpings, gorceous knights 
 At jou:it and tournanu nt. Miltans Parud. Lost. 
 
 To Joust, v. a. [jouster, Vr.] To run 
 in the tilt. 
 
 All who since 
 Jousted ill A^pramont or IVIontalban. Nilton. 
 
 Jo'wLER. «. s. [perhaps corrupted from 
 /loicltr, as making a hideous noise after 
 the game, whom the rest of the pacit 
 foUovv' as their leader.] The name of 
 a hunting dog or beagle. 
 
 See him dr.-ig his feeble legs about. 
 Like hounds ilF-coupled ; jouler lugs him still 
 'through hedges, ditches, ami through all this ill. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Jo'wTER. n. s. [perhaps corrupted from 
 jolfer.] 
 
 Plenty of fish is vented to the fish-drivers, 
 whom we call ;'<)if(ers Carcw. 
 
 JOY. n.s. [joi/e, Fr. «cion'/«, Ital.] 
 1. The passion produced by any happy 
 accident ; gladness ; exultation. 
 
 Joy is a delight <>f the mind, from the consider- 
 ation of the present, or assured approaching |»os- 
 sessiun of a good. Locke, 
 
 There appears nnicH/*iv in him ; even so nnit!i, 
 that ;ov could not shew itself modestenough with- 
 out a badge of bitterness. ^Shtikesp. 
 
 There should not be such heaviness in their de- 
 struction, as shall be joy over thcin tliat are [ler- 
 suaded to salvation. ' 2 l-Mir, 
 
 Ihe lightsome passion of joi^ was not that tri- 
 vial, vanishing, superficial thing, that only gilds 
 
 J O Y 
 
 the apprehension, and plays upon the surface of 
 the sold. imilh. 
 
 2. Gaiety ; merriment ; festivity. 
 
 'J'iie roofs with />« res'.und ; 
 And liymen, iii hymen, rung around. Dryde%, 
 
 3. Happiness ; felicity. 
 
 My lord Bassanio, and my gentle lady, 
 I wish y..u all the joy that you can wish. Hhakttf. 
 
 Come, love anr] health to all ; 
 Then I'll sit down : give me some wine . 
 I drink to the geiientf^oy of the whole table. 
 
 Shahttp, 
 Almeyda smiling came. 
 Attended with a tram of all lier race, 
 Wliom in the rage of empire [ had murder'd ; 
 But now, no longer foes, they gave me jay 
 Of my new couquest. Drydcn'i Vonliibattian, 
 
 "The bride. 
 Lovely herself, and lovely by her side, 
 A bevy of bright nymphs, with sober grace. 
 Came glitl'ring like a star, and took her place : 
 litrheav'nly f'orm beheld, all wish'd her joif ; 
 And little wanted, but in vain, their washes all 
 employ. Dryden. 
 
 4. A term of fondness. 
 
 Now our Joy, 
 Ajthough our last, yet not our least young love, * 
 What say you ? ihaketp. Kin^ Lear. 
 
 To Joy. v. n. [from the noun.] 'J'o re- 
 joice ; to be glad ; to exult. 
 
 Sometimes \joy, when glad occasion fits. 
 And mask in mirth like to a comedy ; 
 
 Soon after, wlien n\y joy to sorrow flits, 
 I will make my woes a tragedy. Spenser. 
 
 I cannot /tiy, until 1 be resolvM 
 Where our right valiant father is become. 
 
 .Shakesp. Henry VI. 
 
 He will Joy over tbce with singing. 
 
 Zefih. iii. 17. 
 
 I will rejoice in the Lord, I will joy in the God 
 of my salvation. Hob iii. 18. 
 
 Exceedingly the more jotjed we for the joy of 
 Titus, because his spirit was refreshed by you. 
 
 2 Cor. vii. 13. 
 
 They laugh, we weep; they joy while we la- 
 ment. Fairfaj. 
 
 No man imparteth his joys to his friend, but 
 he joyeth the more; and no man imparteth his 
 griefs, but he grievetb the less. Bacnt^s Ksuvt. 
 
 Well then, my soul, joii in the midst of pain"; 
 Thv Christ that conquer'd bell, shall from above 
 
 V\'iih greater trium;ih yet return again, 
 And conquer his own justice with his love. 
 
 Ifotton. 
 Joy thou. 
 In what he gives to thee this paradise. 
 And thy f.iir Eve. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 Their chearful age with honour youth attends, 
 Joy'd that from pleasure's slav'ry they are free. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 To Joy. r. a. , 
 
 1 . To congratulate ; to entertain kindly. 
 
 L'ke us iliey love or hate, like us they know 
 To joy the friend, or grapple w ith the foe. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. To gladden ; to exhilarate. 
 
 She w cnt to Pamela, lueaning to delight her 
 eyes and joy her thouglits with the conversation 
 of her beloved sister. Sidney, 
 
 My soul was joy'd in vain ; 
 Fur angry Neptune ruua'd the raging main. 
 
 Pope. 
 :). [.Jouir dr, Fr.] To enjoy ; to have 
 happy possession of. 
 
 Let us lu-nce. 
 And let her /ow her raven-coIonrM love. 
 
 Shahesp. Tit. :indr, 
 I might have liv'd, and joy'd immortal Mi5^. 
 Vet willitJglv chose rather death with thee. 
 
 MiUon. 
 Ill" usurper fow'd not long 
 His ill-got crownu Orydett's Spanish Friar. 
 
 Joy'ance. n. s. [joiant, old Fr. GaietyJ 
 festivity. Obsolete. 
 
 Brine home wiih you the glory of her gain ; 
 Will joyance bring her, and with jollity. 
 
 Spnier, 
 
 6 O 
 
 1017
 
 1 
 
 J O Y 
 
 Thcrr him rests in riotous suffisance, 
 Of H-ll hisf;ladfulness;in<l kingly ./oi/ance. Spemer. 
 JoYiU!. HilJ. \Joii and /«//.] 
 
 1. Full oF joy : glad; exulting. 
 
 Thev liii-ssed tlie king, and went unto tlieir 
 
 tents /oi(/u/ and glad of lieart. 1 hiiigs. 
 
 ftiv .soul sliail hejoiiful in my God. ha. Ixi. 10. 
 
 2. Sometimes it has of before the cause 
 of joy. 
 
 Six ijiavc companions from each ship we lost : 
 VMth sails outspread we fly th' untqual strife, 
 Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. 
 
 rope's Odpssey. 
 
 Jo'yfully. adv. [from joi/ful.] With 
 
 jo.V ; s'ladly. 
 
 if we no more meet till we meet in heav'n. 
 Then ;iiu/i//(i;, my noble lord of Bedford, 
 And my'kind kinsmen, wairiours all, adieu. 
 
 Hhakesp. 
 
 Never did men more jcnifuUy ohey , 
 Or sooner understood the sign to flie : 
 VVith such alacrity they bore away. 
 As if to praise them all the states stood by. Diya. 
 
 The good Christian considers pains only as ne- 
 cessary passages to a glorious immortality ; that, 
 through this dark scene of fancied horror, sees a 
 crown and a throne, and everlasting blessings pre- 
 pared for him, jflvfullii receives his summons, as 
 he has long impatiently expected it. Il'o/.r. 
 
 Jo'y.fulness. n.s. [f com jo i/fiiL] Glad- 
 ness ; joy. 
 
 Thou servedst not the Lord thy God with jcii;- 
 fulness, and witti gladness of heart, for the abun- 
 dance of all things. Veut. 
 
 Joyless, adj. [from jot/.l 
 
 1. Void of joy ; feeling no pleasure. 
 A little joy enjoys the queen thereof; 
 
 For I am she, and altogether joiiless. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 "VVitli downcast eyes the joyless victor sat, 
 rievolving in his alter'd soul 
 
 The various turns of chance below : 
 And now and then a sigh he stole, 
 And tears began to flow. 
 
 Drydens Alexander's Feast. 
 
 2. It has sometimes o/ before the object. 
 
 VVith two fair eyes his mistress burns liis breast ; 
 He looks and languishes, and leaves his rest; 
 Forsakes his food, and, pining for tlie lass. 
 Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the giowing 
 grass. Drydcn. 
 
 3. Giving no pleasure. 
 
 ■A joyless, dismal, Mack, and sorrowful issue: 
 Here is a babe, as loathsome as a toad. Shftkr^p. 
 Here Love his golden shafts employs; here lights 
 His constant lamp, and waves his iHiriJe wings; 
 Reigns iiere, and revels : not in the bought smiles 
 Of harlots, loveless, Jov/ess, unetidear'd. 
 Casual fruition. " Milton's Farad. Last. 
 
 The pure in heart shall see God ; and if any 
 others could so invade this their iiiclosure, as to 
 take heaven by violence, it surely would be a 
 Joyless possession. Decay of Piety. 
 
 'He forgets his sleep, and loaths his food. 
 That youth, and health, and war arejo^/fss to him. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Jo'yous. adj. [joi/eux, Fr.] 
 
 1. Glad; gay; merry. 
 
 Most joyous man, on whom the shining sun 
 Did shew" his face, myself I did esteem, 
 And that my falser friend did no less ;jvoh.s deem. 
 
 Fairii Queen. 
 Joiious the birds ; fresh gales and gentle airs 
 Whisper'd it. Milton. 
 
 The ;in;"«s birds frequent the lonely grove. 
 And beasts, by nature stung, renew their love. 
 
 Druden. 
 Fast by ber flow'ry bank the sons of Areas, 
 Fav'rites of heav'n, with happy care protect 
 Their fleecy charge, -dnii joyous drink her wave. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 2. Giving joy. 
 
 They all as glad as birds of joyous prime 
 Thence led her forth, about her dancing round. 
 - Fairy Queen. 
 
 I R K 
 
 3. It has of sometimes before the cause 
 of joy. 
 
 Round ou! death-bed ev'ry friend should run, 
 And joyous tf our conquest early won ; 
 While the malicious world with etivious tears 
 Should grudge our happy end, and wish it theirs. 
 
 Vryden. 
 
 Ipecacua'nha. n.s. [An Indian plant.] 
 
 Jpecacuanhais a small irregularly contorted root 
 rouiih, dense, and fiim. One sort is of a dusky 
 greyish colour on the surface, and of a paler grey 
 when broken, brought from Peru ; tlie otlicr son 
 is a smaller root, resembling tlie former ; buL it i' 
 of a dt^ep dusky brown on the outside, and « hiic 
 wlien broken, brought from the Brasils. The 
 Krey ought to be preferred, because the brown is 
 apt to operate more rouglilv. Hill's Mat. Med. 
 
 Irascible, adj. [ira'scibi/is, low Lat. 
 irascible, Fr.] Partaking of the na- 
 ture of anger. 
 
 The irascible passions follow the temper of the 
 liearl, and the coucupiscible distractions on the 
 crasis of the liver. _ Brown. 
 
 I know more than one instance of irascible pas- 
 sions subdued bj a vegetalile diet. Arbuth. on .lli. 
 
 We are here in the country surrounded with 
 
 blessings and pleasures, without any occasion of 
 
 exercising our irascible faculties. Digby to Pope. 
 
 IRE. 71. s. [Fr. i)-a, Lat.] Anger; rage; 
 
 passionate hatred. 
 
 She lik'd not his desire : 
 Fain would be free, but dreaded parents ire. Sidn. 
 
 If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, 
 And hung their rotten cnfiins up in chains, 
 I could not slake mine ire, nor ease ray heart. Shah. 
 
 Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long 
 Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherca's son. Milton. 
 
 The sentence, from thy head remov'd, may light 
 On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe ; 
 Me ! me ! only just object of liis ire. _ Milton. 
 
 For this th' avenging pow'r employs his darts. 
 And empties all his quiver in our hearts ; 
 Thus will persist, relentless in his ire, 
 Till the fair slave be render'd to his sire. Vryd. 
 I'reful. adj. [ire and full.] -Angry; 
 raging ; fiu'ious. 
 
 The ireful bastard Orleans, that drew blood 
 From thee, my boy, I soon encounter'd. Shakesp. 
 
 By many hands your father was suhdu'd ; 
 But oidy slaughter d by the ireful arm 
 Of unrelenting Clifford. Shakesp HenryYl. 
 
 There learn'd this maid of arms the ii^eful guise. 
 
 Fairjiu. 
 
 In midst of all the dome misforlnne sat, 
 Ami gloomy discoirtent, and fell debate, 
 And madness laughing in his ireful mood. Dryd. 
 Tretully. adv. [from ire.] With ire; 
 
 in an angry manner. 
 I'RT.S. n. s. [Lat.] 
 1. The rainbow. 
 
 Beside the solary iris, which God sheweth unto 
 
 Noah, there is another iunary, whose eSicient is 
 
 the moon. Broun. 
 
 •2. Any appearance of light resembling 
 
 the rainbow. 
 
 Wlien both hows appeared more distinct, I 
 measured the breadth of the interior iris 2 gr. 10'; 
 and the breadth of the red, yellow, and green in 
 the exterior iris, was to the breadth of the same 
 colours in the interior 3 to 2. Neu-ton's Oplicks. 
 
 3. The circle round the pupil of the eye. 
 
 4. The flower-de-luce. 
 
 Iris all hues, roses and jessamine. Milton. 
 
 To IRK. I', a. [yrk work, Islandick.] 
 This word is used only impersonally, it 
 irks me ; mihi peeiie est il gives nie pain ; 
 or, I am weary of it. Thus the authors 
 of the accidence say, tiedet it irketh. 
 
 Come, shall we go and kill us venison ; 
 And vet it irks me, the noor dappled fools 
 Should, in their own c nlines, with forked heads. 
 Have their round hau -clies gor'd. Shakesp. 
 
 It irhs his heart hecannot tie reveng'd. Shakesp, 
 
 I R () 
 
 I'rksome. adj. [fiomjV.'r.] Wearisome; 
 tedious ; troublesome : toilsome ; tire- 
 some ; unpleasing. 
 
 I know she is an irlisome brawling scold. Shak. 
 
 Since that thou can'st talk of Irjve so well. 
 Thy company, which erst w'as irksome to me, 
 I w ill endure. Shakesp. As yon tiki it. 
 
 Where he may likeliest find 
 Truce to his restless thoughts, and entertain 
 The irksome hours till his great chief return. Milt. 
 
 For not to irksome toil, but to delight 
 He made us, and delight to reason join'd. Milton. 
 
 'There is nothing so irAsonip as general discourses, 
 especially when iTiey turn chiefly upon words. 
 
 Addison's Spectator. 
 
 Frequent appeals from hence have been verv 
 
 irksome to that illustrious body. Sirij't. 
 
 I'ltKSOMELY. n^/i'. [from irksome.] Weai'i- 
 
 somely ; tediously. 
 Irksomeness. w. f. [from irksome.] 
 
 Tediousness ; wearisomeness. 
 I'RON. n. s. [haiarn, Welsh ; ij-epn, 
 ijien. Sax. iorn, Erse.] 
 
 1 . A metal connnon to all parts of the 
 world. Though the lightest of all metals, 
 except tin, it is considerably the hardest; 
 and when jiure, nattirally malleable : 
 when wrought into steel, or when in tl.e 
 impure state from its first fusion, it is 
 scarce malleable. Most of the other 
 metals are brittle, while they are hot ; 
 but this is most malleable as it approaches 
 nearest to fusion. The specifick gravity 
 of iron is to water as 763:2 is to 1000. 
 It is the only known substance that is 
 attracted by the loa(lstoi;e. Iron has 
 greater medicinal virtues than any of 
 the other metals. Hitl. 
 
 Nor aiiless dungeon, nor strong links of iron. 
 Can be retentive- to the strength of spirit Shakesp. 
 
 If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so 
 that he die, he is a murderer. Suuib. xxxv. 16. 
 
 The pov/er of drawing iron is one of the ideas 
 of a loadstone, and to lie so drawn is a part i>f 
 that of irtirt. Locke. 
 
 In a piece of iron ore, of a ferruginous colour, 
 are several thin plates, placed parallel to each 
 other. Woodward. 
 
 There are incredlfile quantities of iron flag in 
 various parts of the f irest of Dean. ]\^ooduard. 
 
 iron stone lies in strata. M'oodw. on Fossils. 
 
 I treated of making ii-on work, and steel work. 
 
 Moxon. 
 
 2. Any instrument or utensil made of 
 iron : as, a flat iron, box iron, or smooth- 
 ing iro7i. In this sense it has a plural. 
 
 irons of a doit, doublets that hangmen would 
 Bury with those that wore them, these base slaves. 
 Ere Vet the fight be done, pack up. Shak. Coriol. 
 
 O Thou ! whose captain I account myself. 
 Look on my forces with a gracious eye : 
 Put in their hands thy bruising irons of wrath. 
 That they may crush down with a heavy fall 
 Th' usurping "helmets of our adversaries. 
 
 Shakesp. Richard III. 
 
 Can'st thou fill his skin with barbed irons, or 
 his head with fishspears ? Job, xli. 7. 
 
 For this your locks in paper durance bound ? 
 For this with tort'ring irons wreath'd around ?Pope. 
 
 3. Chain ; shackle ; manacle : as, he was 
 put in irons. 
 
 The iron entered into his soul. Psal. Cimt. Pray. 
 
 His feet they hurt with fettcri : he was laid in 
 
 irons. Psalm. 
 
 I'ron. adj. 
 
 1. Made of iron. 
 
 In iron walls they deem'd me not secure. Shak. 
 Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight 
 Unto my cell. Shakesp. Romeo and Juliet. 
 
 Some are of all iron red, shining and polite ; 
 
 1018
 
 otliers not polite, but as if powdered with iron 
 tlu^x. Wvodwiird. 
 
 Poll-cats and wceselsdo a gri'at dcnl cf injury 
 to wairttis ; the \v:iy of taking them is in hulchfb, 
 and iron tntps. Moitimtr. 
 
 2. Resembiinnr iron in colour. 
 
 A piece of stone of a dark iron grey ctjjonr, hut 
 in some parts of a ftrrniLiiniius colour. ]\'ootUvard. 
 
 Some of lliem are of an iron red, and very 
 bripht. Woodward on t'o$iiU, 
 
 3. Harsh ; severe ; rigid ; miserable ; cala 
 niitous : as, the iron age, for 
 hardship and wickedness. These ideas 
 mav be found more or less in all the ibl- 
 lowing examples. 
 
 Three vigorous virgins, waiting still behind, 
 Assist the throne of th' iro/zscepter'd ki,ig. Crush. 
 
 O sad virgin, that thy power 
 Might bid the soul of Orpheus sing 
 Such notes as warhied to the string. 
 Drew iron tears from Pluto's cheet, 
 And made hell grant wliat hjve did seek. Mittm. 
 
 In all my iron years of wars and dangers, 
 From blooming youth down to decaying age, 
 IMv fame ne'er knew a stain of dishonour. Rowe. 
 
 Jove crush the nations with an iron rod. 
 And ev'ry monarch be the scourge of God. Pope, 
 
 4. Indissoluble ; unbroken. 
 
 Rash El|,enor, in an evil hour, 
 Dry'dan imraeasuralsle bowl, and thought 
 T' exhale his svirfeit by irrisuous sleep. 
 Imprudent ; him dentil's iron sleep opprest. PhUl. 
 
 5. Hard; impenetrable, 
 I will converse with iron witted fools, 
 
 And unrcspertive buys : none are for me, 
 
 That luuk into me wi'lh considerate ey\.'A. Shakesp. 
 
 To I'ron. V, a, [from the noun.] 
 
 1, To smooth with an iron. 
 
 2. To shackle with irons. 
 Iro'nical. adj. [ironique, Fr, from 
 
 ironi/.] Expressing one thing and mean- 
 ing another ; speaking by contraries. 
 
 In this fallacy niay be comprised all ironical 
 niisLakes, or expressions receiving inverted signi- 
 fications. Broicii. 
 
 I take all your imnical civilities in a literal sense, 
 and shall expect tliem to be literally performed. 
 
 Swift. 
 
 Ironically, adv, [from irofiical.] By 
 . the use of irony. 
 
 Socrales was pronounced by the oracle of Del- 
 phns to be the wisost man of Greece, whicli he 
 would turn from himself ironicnlltj, saving, There 
 could br. nothing in him to verity the ojacle, ex- 
 ceftt tliis, that he was imt wi-e, and knew it ; and 
 others were not wise, and knew it not. Bacon. 
 
 The doiin, iion'callii grave. 
 Still sliunn'd the fool", and lash'd the knave. Swift, 
 
 Ironmonger. 7t.s. [i7'07i and inojiger.] 
 A dealer in iron. 
 
 rKONWOon. n. s. A kind of wood ex- 
 tremely hard, and so ponderous as to 
 sink in water. It grows in America. 
 
 Robinson Crusoe. 
 
 I'ronwort. n. 5. [sidcritiSj Lat.] A 
 plant. Diillir. 
 
 Irony, adj. \fvo\n iron.] Made of iron; 
 partiiking of iron. 
 
 The force they are under is real, and that of 
 their fate but imaginary ; it is not strange if the 
 iiwiy chains have more snlidity than the contem- 
 plative. Hammond's Fuudamentnb. 
 Some springs of Hungary, higiily impregnated 
 with vitriulick «alls, dissolve the body of one 
 ii:etal, suppose iron, put into the sprint ; ami de- 
 posit, in lieu of the irony particles carried ort\ 
 coppery particles. ]Voodicard on Fossils. 
 
 I'RONV. n. $. [ironiey Vr. Is^un'ia.'] A 
 mode of speech in wliich the meaning is 
 contrary to the words : as, JJolingbroke 
 was a holy man. 
 
 1 R R 
 
 So grave a body, npon so solemn an occasion, 
 sliould deal in inmy, or c\[ilaiii their nicanini! by 
 cuiitraiit-s. iiu-'tjt. 
 
 luKADiANCE. 7 U.S. [irradiance, Ir. 
 Iura'diancy. \ irrafHo, Lat.] 
 1. Amission of rays or beams of light 
 upon any object. 
 
 The priiRi|iKl allVction is its translucency : the 
 irradumcv k\n<\ sparkling, found in ranny gems, ii 
 not discovorabic in this. Brown's Vulg. Krr. 
 
 <in ao-e of 2. Beams of light emitted. 
 
 '^ Liive not ttie lieav'niy spirits? Or do thev mix 
 
 !jTarfii/iic» virtual, or immediate touch ? MiUon. 
 
 To iRKA'niATR. V. a. [irradio, I^t.] 
 
 1 . To adorn with light emitted upon it ; 
 to briyhten. 
 
 Wlien he thus perceives that these opacous 
 bodies do not bin er the eye from judj;ing liglit 
 to iiave an equal plenary ditfusion throiijih the 
 wliiile place it irradiales, he nan have no dilhculty 
 to allow air, tljat is diaphanous, to be every where 
 raiuiiled with light. Oigbii on Bodies. 
 
 It is not a converting but a crowning grace ; such 
 an one as irradiates and puts a circle of glury about 
 the head of him upon whom it descends. South. 
 
 2. To enlighten ; to illumine ; to illumi- 
 nate. 
 
 Celestial light 
 Shine inward, and the mind through all herpow'rs 
 Irradiate; there plant eyes; all mist from tlience 
 Purge and disperse. Milton's Par. Lost. 
 
 3. To animate by heat or light. 
 
 Ktlicrcal or solar heat must digest, influence, ir- 
 radiate, and put those more simple parts of matier 
 into inoti. n. Hale. 
 
 4. To decorate with shining ornaments. 
 
 No weepiuiT orphan saw liis fatlier's store 
 Our sliriiies irradiate, or imbiaze the floor. I\^pe. 
 Irradia'tion. h. s. [irradiutivii, Fr. 
 from irradiiile.] 
 
 1. The act of emitting beams of light. 
 
 If lii£hl were a body, it should drive away the 
 air, which is likewise a body wherever it is ad- 
 mitted ; for within the whole sphere of the imi- 
 diatiou of it, there is no point but light is found 
 Digbij on Bodies. 
 
 The generation of bodies is not effected by ir- 
 radiation, or answcrably unto the propagatiim of 
 lifjht; but herein a transmission is made materially 
 from some parts, and ideally from every one. 
 
 Broim's T nig. Krr. 
 
 2. Illumination; intellectual light. 
 
 The means of imniediat^e union of these intel- 
 ligible ohiects to the underslandiiig, are sometimes 
 dTvine aiid supernatural, as by immediate irradi- 
 ation or revelation. Hate. 
 
 IRRATIONAL, adj. [irrationaUs, Lat.] 
 
 1. Void of reason ; void of understand- 
 ing ; wanting the discoursive faculty. 
 
 Thus began 
 Outrage from lifeless things ; but discord first, 
 Dauuhter of sin, among tli' irrational 
 Death introduc'd. Milan's Farad. Lost. 
 
 He hath eat'n and lives, 
 .'Vnd knows, and speaks, and reasons and discerns; 
 Irrational till then. Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 2. Absurd^ contrary to reason. 
 Since the brain is only a part transraittent, and 
 
 tluit iiumours oft are precipitated to the lungs he- 
 fore they arrive to the brani, no kind of benetit 
 can be effected from so irrational an application. 
 Harieu on Consumptiom. 
 I shall quietly submit, not wishing so iiTational 
 a thing as that eVery body should be deceived. Po. 
 
 Irrationa'lity. n. s. [from iiratio- 
 »/«/.] Want of reason. 
 
 Irk.v'tionally. adr. [fromii-ralional.] 
 Without reason ; absurdly. 
 
 Irrecla'imable. adj. [in and claim- 
 able.] Not to be reclaimed ; not to be 
 changed to the belter. 
 
 I R R 
 
 As for obstinate, irrectaimahUt professed ene- 
 mies, we must expect their calu-uuies will con- 
 tinue. Addison'i t'r'.tiii>UUr, 
 Irreconci'lable. adj. [irrtconciliabU, 
 I'r. in and rtcoticilahle.] 
 
 1 . Not to be recalled to kindness ; not to 
 be appeased. 
 
 Wage eternal war, 
 IrreconrilahU to our grand foe. Mi7ion. 
 
 A weak unequal faction may animate a govern- 
 ment ; hut when it grows equal in strength, and 
 irreconciUahle by animosity, it canaul end willi- 
 out some crisis. Temple. 
 
 There are no factions, though irreconcilable to 
 one another, that arc not united in their affection 
 to you. Vrydcn. 
 
 2. Not to be made consistent : it has with 
 or to. 
 
 As she was strictly virtuous herself, so she al- 
 ways put the best construction upon the words 
 and actions of her neighbours, except where they 
 were 'irreconcilable to the rules of honesty and de- 
 cency. Arbuthnot's John BulL 
 
 Since the sense t oppose is attended tilth such 
 gross irreconcUable absurdities, 1 presun»e 1 need 
 not offer any thing farther in support of the one, 
 or in disproof of the other. liogrrf. 
 
 I'his essential power of gravitation or attraction 
 is irreconcilable with the Atheist's own doctrine of 
 a chaos, Benttet/. 
 
 All that can be transmitted from the stars Ij 
 wholly unaccountable, and irreconc'ilabte to any 
 system of science. Bentley. 
 
 Irreconci'lableness. n. s. [from ir- 
 reconcilable.] Impossibility to be re- 
 conciled. 
 
 Irreconcilably. «ir. [from irrecon- 
 cilable.] In a manner not admitting 
 reconciliation. 
 
 Irreconci'led. adj. [in arid reconciled.] 
 Not atoned. 
 A servant dies in many irreconciled iniquities. 
 
 i^iakcsy. 
 
 Irreco'verable. adj. [in and rccoctr- 
 able. 
 
 1 . Not to be regained ; not to be restored 
 or repaired. 
 
 Time, in a natural sense, is irrff oiCToAle ; the 
 moment just fled by us, it is impossible to rccal. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 2. Not to be remedied, 
 'i'he irrecoverable loss of so manj' livings of 
 
 principal value. Hooker. 
 
 It concerns every man, that would T;ot tiHeaway 
 
 his soul, and f, ol '"imself into irrecetrruWe misery, 
 
 with the greatest seriousness to enquire. Tillotson. 
 
 Irreco'verably. adv. [from /mcorrr- 
 ahlv.] Beyond recovery ; past repair. 
 O dark, dark, dark amid' the blaze of noon ; 
 Jrrccovcrahlii dark, total eclipse. 
 Without all' hope of dav Milton's Agon'istet, 
 
 i'he crcilit of the Excheouer is irrecoierality 
 lost by the last breach with the bankers. Temple. 
 
 Irreducible, adj. [in and rtducible.] 
 Not to be brought or reduced. 
 
 These observations seem ti> argue the corpuscles 
 of air to be irreducible into water. Boiile. 
 
 Irrefragabi'lity. n. s. [from irre- 
 J'ragiblt.] Strength of argument not 
 to be refuted. 
 
 IRRKFRA'CJABLE. adj. [irn/rasabilis 
 school Lat. irrtfrao^ahlc, Fr.j Not to 
 be confuted ; superior to argiimental 
 opposition. 
 
 Sirong and irrefragable the evidences of Chris- 
 tianity must be: they who resisted them would 
 resist every tiling. " Attrrburii's icnnoiu. 
 
 The danger of introducing unexperienced uieu 
 was urged as an irrf/ragable reason for working by 
 slow degrees. HwifT 
 
 10J9
 
 I II R 
 
 Irrf.fra'gably. adv. [from hrefriig 
 abli.] \\'ith force above confutation. 
 
 Tliut thev denied a future slate is evident from 
 St. I'aul's reasonings, wliicll are of no lorce but 
 on!_v on that supposition, as Origen largely and 
 irre^'nifrabli] proves. Alter' uri/. 
 
 Iruefu'table. adj. [irrcfutabilis, Lat.] 
 Not to be overthrown by argument. 
 
 IRRE'GIIL.AR. adj. [irregiilkr^ Fr. (V- 
 regulai is, Lat.] 
 
 I Deviating from rule, custom or nature. 
 
 Tlie ain'roug youth 
 Obfain'd of ^*enus his desire, 
 Howe"er irre^tlar his fire. P:''or, 
 
 2. Inmiethodical ; not confined to any 
 certain rule or order. 
 
 This motion seems excentrique and ine2;'ih7', 
 yet not well to be resisted or quieted. K, Charles. 
 
 Regular 
 Then most, when most irregular they seem. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The numbers of pindariques are wild and irrei:n- 
 
 lar, and sometimes seem harsh and uncouth. Cmti. 
 
 3. Not being accortlinon to the laws of vir- 
 tue. A soft word for vitious. 
 
 Irregula'rity. n. s. \irrrgu!arite, Fr. 
 from irregular.^ 
 
 1. Deviation from rule. 
 
 2. Neglect of method and order. 
 
 This iiTe^utaritij of its unruly and tumultuous 
 motion might aiford a beyinning unto the com- 
 mon opinion. Broun. 
 
 As these vast heaps of mountains are thrown 
 togetiier with so much iiTerutaritu and confusion, 
 they form a great variety of hollow boltonjt. Add. 
 
 3. Inordinate practice; vice. 
 
 Religion is sonifwhat less in danger of corrup- 
 tion, while the sinner acknowledges the oblii:a- 
 tions of his duty, and is ashamed of his irreo-n- 
 larities. ' liogers. 
 
 Irre'gularly. adi'. [from irregular.] 
 Without observation of rule or method. 
 
 Phaeton, 
 By the wild courses of his fancy drawn, 
 .From East to West tiTC^t(/ar/y hnrl'd. 
 First set on fire himsi-ll, and then the world. Dry. 
 
 Your's isa soul jrcc^u/ur/y great. 
 Which wanting temper, yet abounds w ilh heat. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 It may gi^e some light to those whose concerns 
 for their little ones makes them so irrefulartif bold 
 as to consult their own reason, in tlie education of 
 their children, rather than to rely upon old cus- 
 tom. Locke. 
 
 To Irre'gulate. v. a. [from !« and re- 
 gula, Lat.] To make irregular ; to 
 disorder. 
 
 Its fluctuations are but motions subservient, 
 ■which winds, shelves, and every interjacency ir- 
 regutates. Broun. 
 
 Irre'lative. adj. [in and rclalivus, 
 Lat.] Having no reference to any 
 thing ; single ; unconnected. 
 
 Separ,ited by the voice of God, things in their 
 species came out in inicommunicaied'varietics, 
 and irrelative serainalities. Eroun's Vidg. Err. 
 Irreli'gion. 71. s. [irreiigion. Fr. in 
 and religion.] Contempt of religion ; 
 impiety. 
 
 The weapons with which I combat irreiigion are 
 
 already consecrated. Dri/dcn. 
 
 We behold every instance of prophaneness and 
 
 irrclii^ion, not only committed, but defended and 
 
 gloried in. Rogers. 
 
 Irreligious, adj. [irreligieux, Fr. in 
 
 and religious.] 
 1, Contemning religion ; impious. 
 
 The issue of an irreligious Moor. Shahcsp. 
 
 Whoever sees these irreligious men, 
 VVitli burthen of a sickness weak and faint. 
 
 I R R 
 
 But hears then talking of relieion then. 
 And vowing uf their souls to ev ry saint. Davies 
 
 Shame and rej-ioach is generally tlie portion uf 
 the impious and in'eUgioits. South, 
 
 2. Contrary to religion. 
 
 Wherein that Scripture standeth not the church 
 of God in any stead, or serveth nothing at all to 
 direct, hut may be let jjass as needless to be con- 
 sulted with, we judge it profane, impious, and 
 irrelighms to think. Hooker. 
 
 Might not the queen's domesticks be obliged 
 to avoid swearing and irreligious profane dis- 
 course ? Su'ijt. 
 
 Irreli'giously. adv. [from irreligi- 
 oits.] With impiety ; with irreh'gion. 
 
 Ikre'meable. lulj, [iiTemeabialiSj Lat.] 
 Admitting no return. 
 
 The keeper charm'd, the chief without delay 
 Pass'd on, and took th' in-emeable way. Urifden. 
 
 Irkrme'diable. adj. [irremediabhy l-r. 
 ?« and remediable.] Admitting no cure ; 
 not to be remedied. 
 
 They content themselves with that which was 
 the irremediable error of former limes, or the ne- 
 cessiiy of the present hath cast upon them. Hooker. 
 
 A steady hand, in military affairs, is more requi- 
 site than in peace, because an error committed in 
 war may prove irremediable. Bacon. 
 
 Whatever he consults you about, unless it lead 
 to some fatal and iireviediable mischief, be sure 
 you advise only as a friend. Locke. 
 
 Irrkme'diably. adv» [fi*om irretnedi- 
 able.] Without cure. 
 
 It happens to us iiremediably and inevitably, 
 that we may perceive these accidents are not the 
 fruits of our labour, but gifts of God. 
 
 Taylor s ]Vorthy Communicant. 
 
 Irremi'ssible. adj. \in and remitto, 
 Lat. irremissable, Fr.] Not to be par- 
 doned. 
 
 Irremi'ssibleness. n. s. [from irrc- 
 missible,] The quality of being not to 
 be pardoned. 
 
 Thence arises the aggravation and irremissible- 
 ness of the sin. Hammond on Fmniamentals. 
 
 Irremo'vable. adj. [in and 7'emove.] 
 Not to be moved ; not to be changed. 
 
 He is irremovable J 
 Resoiv'd for Higlit. Skakesv. Winter's Tale. 
 
 Irreno'wned. adj. [i7« and itnorvn.] 
 Void of honour. We now say tini^e- 
 noicntd. 
 
 For all he did was to deceive good knights. 
 And draw them from pursuit of praise and fame 
 
 To sluggish sloth and sensual delights. 
 And end their days with irrenoxcncd shame. 
 
 Fairy Queen. 
 
 Irre'parabLE flif//. [irreparabilis, Lat. 
 irreparable, !•>.] Not to be recovered ; 
 not to be repaired. 
 
 Irreparable is the loss, and Patience says it is 
 not past her cure. Skakesp, Tempest. 
 
 Toil'd witli loss irreparable, Milton. 
 
 It \s an irreparable injustice we are guilty of, 
 when we are prejudiced by the looks of those 
 w horn we do not know. Addison. 
 
 The story of Deucalion and Pyrrha teaches, 
 tlmt piety and innocence cannot miss of the di- 
 vine protection, and that the onl^' loss irreparable 
 is that of our ]>rohity. Gnrth. 
 
 Irre'parably. adv. [fromiiirpai'able.] 
 Without recovery ; Avithout amend.*;. 
 
 Such adventures hefaM ariisls irreparablu.Boijle. 
 
 The cutting off that lime, industry and gifts, 
 whereby she should be nourished, were irrejmra- 
 blif injurious to her. Decay of' Pitty. 
 
 Ikreple'viaele. adj. [in and nphvj/.] 
 Not to be redeemed. A law term. 
 
 Irrepkehe'nsiblk. adj. [irrtpirlien- 
 sible, l-r. irrepre/unsibiliSj Lat.] Ex- 
 empt from blame. 
 
 I R R 
 
 Irreprehe'nsibly. adv. [from irrepre- 
 hensihle.] Without blame. 
 
 Irreprese'ntable. adj. [inanArepre- 
 sent.] Not to be figured by any repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 God's irrei>resentMe nature doth hold against 
 making images of God. SiiUingJleet. 
 
 Irreproachable, adj. [in and re- 
 proacfiable.] Free from blame ; free 
 from reproach. 
 
 He was a serious sincere Cluistian, of an inno- 
 cent, irreproachable, nay, exemplary life. Atleib. 
 
 Their prayer may be, that they may raise u]' 
 and breed as irreproachable a young family as 
 their parents have done. Pope. 
 
 Irrepro'achably. adv. [from irr^- 
 proaehable.] Without blanje ; without 
 reproach. 
 Irrepro'veable. adj. [in am} npron'- 
 able.] Not to be blamed; irreproachable. 
 Irresistibility, n.s. [from irresisti- 
 ble.] Power or force above opposition. 
 
 The dftclrine of irresistibilitij of grace, if it \>e 
 
 acknowledged, there is nothing to be atExt to 
 
 gratitude. HammontL 
 
 Irresi'stible. adj. [ij-resistible, Fr. i.>; 
 
 and resistible.] Superiour to opposition. 
 
 Fear doth grow from an appreliension of tiie 
 Deity, indued with irresistible power to hurt ; anJ 
 is of all affections, anger excepted, the unaple&t 
 to admit conference with reason. Hooker. 
 
 In mighty (juadrate join'd 
 Of union irresistible. 3Iillon. 
 
 Fear of God is inward acknowledgement of an 
 holy just Being, armed with almighty and in-^ 
 iistible power. " Tilhtson, 
 
 There can be no difference in the subjects, 
 
 where the application is almighty and in-esistible, 
 
 as in creation. Rogers. 
 
 iRRESi'sTlBLY. adv. [from ii-resisfible.] 
 
 In a manner not to be opposed. 
 
 God irresistibly svi'&ys all manner of events on 
 earth. Dryden. 
 
 Fond of pleasing and endearing ourselves to 
 those we esteem, we are irresistibly led into the 
 same inclinations an<l aversions with them.f^o^ers. 
 
 Irresi'stless. adj. [A barbarous nn- 
 grammatical conjunction of two nega- 
 tives.] Irresistible; resistless. 
 
 Those radiant eyes, w hose iJTesisf/ess flame 
 Strikes Envy dumb, and keeps Sedition tame. 
 They can to gazing multitudes give law. 
 Convert the factious, and the rebel awe. 
 
 GlanvilU. 
 
 Irre'soluble. adj. [in and resoinbilis, 
 Lat.] Not to be broken ; not to be dis- 
 solved. 
 
 In factitious sal ammoniac tlie common and 
 uriii'-nis salts are so well mingled, that both in tb« 
 open fire and in subliming vessels they rise toge- 
 ther as one salt, which seems in such vessels irre- 
 Stiliible by fire alone. Boyle. 
 
 Irre'solubleness. n. s. [from irreso- 
 lub/e.] Resistance to separation of the 
 parts. 
 
 Quercetanus has this confession of the irresolu- 
 bleness of diamonds. Boyk. 
 
 Irkeso'lvedly. adv. [in and resolved.] 
 Without settled determination. 
 
 Divers of my friends have thought it strange to 
 hear nie speak, so in'esolvedty concerning iho.vtj 
 things, \\ Inch some take to be the elements, and 
 others the principles of all mixed bodies. Baytt. 
 
 Irre'solute. adj. [irresolu, Fr. in and 
 re.sohtte.] Not constant in purpose; 
 not determined. 
 
 Were he evii-us'd, he would outgo 
 Kis father, by as much as a performance 
 Does an irresolute purpose. Shahesp. Henry XTll 
 
 1020
 
 I R R 
 
 Him, after long debate irresolute 
 Of thoiiglits revolv'ii his final sentence chose 
 Fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in wliom 
 Tu enter. Milton's Par. host. 
 
 Tci make reflections upon wbat is past, is tlie 
 part of ineenious but irresolute men. Tcmpk. 
 
 So Mvrrha's niinii, iiupell'd on cither side, 
 Takes ev'rv bent, but cannot long abide ; 
 LreS'.lute on which she should rely, 
 At last unllx'd in all, is onl_y fix'dto die. Driid. 
 Irrf.'solutely. ailv. [tVom irreso/iitc] 
 Without firmness of mind ; without de- 
 termined purpose. 
 Irrf-solu'tion. n. s. [irresoliitio?i, Fr. 
 in and resolution.'] Want of firmness 
 of mind. 
 
 It hatli most force upon things that have the 
 lighlcst motion, and therefore upon the spirits of 
 men, and in theni upon such aifections as move 
 Irt^htest ; as upon men in fear, or men in iri-eiMu- 
 tion. Bacon s Nat. Hist. 
 
 irresolution on the schemes of life, which oiler 
 themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pur- 
 suing thera, are the greatest causes of all our un- 
 happiness. Addison. 
 
 Irrespective, adj. [in and respective.] 
 Having no regard to any circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Thus did the Jew, by persuading himself of his 
 
 particular irrespective election, think it safe to run 
 
 into all sins! - Hammond. 
 
 .According to this doctrine, it must be resolved 
 
 wholly into the absolute irrespectii'e will of God. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Irrespf-'ctively. adv. [from irrespec- 
 tive.] Without regard to circumstances. 
 
 He is convinced, that all the promises belong 
 to him absolutely and irrespectivelif. Hammond. 
 
 Irretrievable, adj. [in iLn(\ retrieve.] 
 Not to be repaired ; irrecoverable ; irre- 
 parable. 
 
 Ikretrie'vably. adv. [from irrefriv- 
 able.] Irreparably ; irrecoverably. 
 
 It would not defray the charge of the extrac- 
 tion, and therefore must have been all irretrievaltly 
 lost, and useless to mankind, was it not by this 
 means collected. Woodward. 
 
 Irr'everence. M.S. [irreventia, Lut. ir- 
 reverence, Fr. in and reverence.] 
 
 1. Want of reverence; want of venera- 
 tion ; want of respect. 
 
 Having seen our scandalous irrererence towards 
 God's worship in general, 'tis easy to make ap- 
 plication to the several ])arts of it. 
 
 Decay of Pietu. 
 They were a sort of attributes, with which it 
 was a matter of religion to salute them on all oc- 
 casions, and which it was an irrei'erence to omit. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 2. Stat-e of being disregarded. 
 
 The concurrence of the house of peers in that 
 fury c:in be imputed to no one thing more than 
 to the irreverence and scorn the judges werejustlv 
 in, who had been always looked ui)on there as 
 the oracles of the law. Ctareiulon. 
 
 Irr'everent. adj. [irreverent, Fr. in 
 and reverent.] Not paying due homage 
 or reverence ; not expressing or con- 
 ceiving due veneration or respect. 
 
 As our fear excludeth not that boldness wliich 
 becometh saints, so, if our familiarity with God 
 do not savour of fear, it drawelh too near that 
 trrererent confidence wlierewith true humility can 
 never stand. Hooker. 
 
 Knowledge men sought for, and covered it 
 from the vulgar sort as jewels of an inestimable 
 price, fearing the irreverent construction of the 
 ignorant and irreligious. Raleigh. 
 
 Witness the irrererevt son 
 Of him who built the ark ; w ho, for the shame 
 Done to his father, heard his heavy curse. 
 Servant of servants, on his vicious race. Milton. 
 
 I R R 
 
 Swearing, and the irreDfrenf using the name of 
 God in common discourse, is another abuse of 
 the tongue. 1("H- 
 
 If an irreverent expression or thought too wan- 
 ton are crept into my verses, through my inadver- 
 tency, let their authors be answerable for ihcni. 
 
 Drijdtn. 
 
 Iiire'verently. adv. [from irreverent .] 
 Without due respect or veneration. 
 
 'lis but an ill essay of reverence and godly 
 fear to use the gospel i*Tei;ei-cn(/v. 
 
 Ooicrnment of the Tongue. 
 
 Irreve'rsible. adj. [in and reverse.] 
 Not to be recalled ; not to be changed. 
 
 The sins of his cliamher an<l his closet shall be 
 
 produced before men and angels, and an ciernnl 
 
 irreversible sentence be pronounced. Rogers. 
 
 Irreve'rsibly. adv. [from irreversible.] 
 
 Without change. 
 
 The title of fundamentals, being ordiiiarilj con- 
 fined to the doctrines of faith, hath occasioned 
 tliat great scandal in the church, at which so niaiiy 
 mvriads of solifidians have stumbled, and fallen 
 iricvcrsihly, by conceiving heaven a reward of true 
 opinions. Hammond on Fundamentals. 
 
 Irre'vocable. adj. [irrevocabilis, Lat. 
 irrevocable, Fr.] Not to be recalled ; 
 not to be brought back ; not to be re- 
 versed. 
 
 Give thy hand to ^Var^vick, 
 And, wiih thy hand, thy faith irrevocahle. 
 That only VVa'rwick's daughter shall be thine. 
 
 Shakeq). 
 Firm aiid irrevocable is my doom, 
 ■\Vhich I have past upon her. Shak. As you like it. 
 That whiclt is past isgoneand irrevocable, there- 
 fore they do but trifle, that labour in past matters. 
 Bacim's Essays. 
 The second, both for piety renown'd, 
 And puissant deeds, a promise shall receive 
 Irrevocable, that his regal throne 
 For ever shall endure. Milton's Farad. Lost. 
 
 By her irrevocable fate. 
 War sliafi the country waste, and change the stale. 
 
 Vryden. 
 The other victor flame a moment stood. 
 Then fell, and lifeless left th' extinguish'd wood ; 
 For ever lost, th' in-evocable light 
 Forsook the black'iiing coals, and sunk to nisht. 
 
 Dryden. 
 Each sacred accent bears eternal weight. 
 And each irntocnble word is fate. Pope. 
 
 Irrevocably, adv. [(rom irrevocable.] 
 Without recall. 
 
 If air were kept out four or five minutes, the 
 fire would be irrevocablu extincuish'd. Boule. 
 
 7orRKlG.\TE. v.'a. [irrigo, Lat.] 'Jo 
 wet ; to moisten ; to water. 
 
 The heart, which is one of the principal parts 
 of the body, doth contiinially irrigate, nourish, 
 keep hot, and supple all the members. 
 
 Ray on the Creation. 
 They keep a bulky charger near their lips, 
 With "which, in often interrupted sleep. 
 Their frying blood compels to irrigate 
 Their diy furi'd tongues. A. Phillips. 
 
 Irriga'tion. n.'s. [Crom ii-rigale.] 'I'he 
 act of watering or moistening. 
 Help of ground is b^' w-atcring and iirigation. 
 
 Bacm. 
 
 Irriguous. adj. [from irrigate.] 
 
 1. Watery; watered. 
 
 The flow'ry lap 
 Of some irriguous valley spreads her store. Milton. 
 
 2. Dewy; moist. /^/ii7///)i seems to have 
 mist:iken the Latin phrase irrigiius 
 sopor. 
 
 Rash Elepenor 
 Dry'd an immeasurable bowl and thought 
 T' exhale his surfeit by irriguous sleep ; 
 Irapruih nt! him death's iron sleep opprest.P'nV/. 
 iRRl'siON. n. s. [irrisio, Lat. irrision, 
 Fr.] The act of laughing at another. 
 
 ISC 
 
 Ham, bj his indi'creot and unnatural irrtst>m, 
 and exposing of his father, incurs his curse. 
 
 Wondtoard. 
 
 To IRRITATE, v. a. [irrilo, Lat. irri- 
 ter, Fr.] 
 
 1. To provoke ; to teaze ; to exasperate. 
 
 The earl, speaking to the freeholders in imperi- 
 ous language, did not irritate the pe"ple. Bacon. 
 Laud's ijowcrat court could not qualify him to 
 
 f;o through with that ditflcult ref('rmation, whilst 
 le had a superior in the church, who, having the 
 reins in his hand, could slacken thera, and was 
 thought to be tl e more remiss to irritate his cho- 
 lerick disposition. Clarendon. 
 
 2. To fret ; to put into motion or disorder 
 by any irregular or unaccustomed con- 
 tract ; to stimulate ; to vellicate. 
 
 Cold maketh the spirits vigorous, and irrilatelh 
 them. Bacon. 
 
 3. To heighten ; to agitate ; to enforce. 
 
 Air, if very cold, irritateth the flame, and 
 maketh it burn more fiercely, as fire scorrheth in 
 frosty weather. Bacon. 
 
 Wlien they are collected, the heat becometh 
 more violent and irritate, and therebv expeiletb 
 sweat. Bacon^s Xat. Hist. 
 
 Rous'd 
 By dash of clouds, or irritating war 
 Of fighting winds, while all is calm below. 
 They furious spring. Thomsons Summer. 
 
 IrriVa'tion. «. s. [irritatio, Lat. irri- 
 tation, Fr. from irritate.] 
 
 1. Provocation; exa.speration. 
 
 2. Stimulation ; vellication. 
 
 A'inlent afteetations aii<l irritations of the nerves, 
 
 in any part of the body, is caused by somethinj* 
 
 acrimonious. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Irru'ption. w. s. [irruption, Fr. ir- 
 
 ruptio, Lat.] 
 
 1. The act of any thing forcing an en- 
 trance. 
 
 I refrain, too suddenly. 
 To utter what will come at last too soon ; 
 Lest evil tidings, with too rude irmption, 
 Hitting thy ag'.d ear, siunild pierce too deep. Mt't. 
 
 There are frequent inundations made in mali- 
 tirae countries by the irruption of the sea. Burnet. 
 
 A full and sudden irruption of thick melancho- 
 lick blood into tlic heart puts a itop to its pulsa- 
 tion. Honey. 
 
 2. Inroad ; burst of invaders into any 
 place. 
 
 Notwithstanding the irruptions of tlie barbaroas 
 nations, one can scarce imagine how so nientiful 
 a soil should become so miserably unpeopled. 
 
 Addison. 
 Is. [ij-, Sax. See To Be] 
 
 1. The third person singular of To 6e : I 
 
 am, thou art, he is. 
 
 He that is of God, hcaretb God's words. 
 
 John, viii. 47. 
 
 Be not afraid of tliem, for they cannot do evil ; 
 neither is it in liiein to do good. Jer, x. 5. 
 
 jMvthought.whoseinurlheryctii but fantastical. 
 Shakes so my single state of man, that function 
 Is smother* d" in surmise ; and nothing is. 
 But what is not. Sliakesp Macbtth. 
 
 2. It is sometimes expressed by 's. 
 
 There's some among ^ou have beheld me fight- 
 ing. Shakfsp. 
 
 Ischia'uick. adj. [fo-xior, ;irx««J>«®-; 
 iscliiadlqiie, Fr.] In anatoni)-, an epi- 
 thet gi\en to the crural vein ; in patho- 
 logy the isc/iiadick passion is the gout 
 in the hip, or the sciatica Harris. 
 
 I'scilVRY. n. s. [."(TjcBjia, i'i-;)f»i and sf«» 
 urine; iscliurie, Fr. ischuria, l^t.] .\ 
 stoppage of urine, -whether by gravel 
 or other cause. 
 
 IscHURETiCK. «. s. [ischureliqut, Fr. 
 
 1021
 
 I S L 
 
 from isclinri/.] Such medicines as 
 force when suppressed. 
 IsH. [i)'C; Sax.] 
 
 1. A tennination added ^o an adjective to 
 express diminution ; a small degree, or 
 incipient state of any quality : as, bluish, 
 tending to blue ; brightis/i, somewhat 
 bright. 
 
 2. 1 1 is likewise sometimes the termination 
 of a gentile or possessive adjective: as, 
 Swediih, Danish ; the Danish territo- 
 ries, or territories of the Danes. 
 
 3. It likewise note? participation of the 
 qualities of the substantive to which it 
 is added ; as, Jool, foolish ; man, manish ; 
 rogue, roguish. 
 
 I'siCLE. n. s. [More properly icicle, from 
 from ice ; but ice should rather be writ- 
 ten ise ; lyy. Sax.] A pendent shoot 
 of ice. 
 
 Do von know this lady ? 
 •^Thc moon of Rome ; chaste as the isicle 
 Tlial's curfiled \'>y the frost from purest snow 
 Haiiiiing on Dictn's temple. Shakesp. 
 
 The frosts and snows her tender body spare ; 
 Those are not limbs forisfc/esto tear. Drycien. 
 
 I'SINGLASS. V. s. [from ice, or ise, and 
 glass; iihihyocoUa, Lat.] 
 
 l5iniWu.<s is a t(jngh, firm, and liglit substance, 
 of a \\l;iMsl> coh>ur, and in sonie (le<:ree Iraiispa- 
 rent, much rescinbling gine. The fislifrom which 
 isin^luss is prepaicd, is i>ne of tlie cartilaginous 
 kintl ; It grows to eighteen :ind twenty lett in 
 length, and greatly resembles the stureeon. It is 
 frequent in the Danube, the Boristhcnes, the 
 A'oliia, and tiie larger rivers of Europe. From 
 the uiiestines of tiiis fish the hingtuss is prepared 
 by boiline. Hill. 
 
 The cure of putrefaction requires an incras- 
 sating diet, as all viscid brotlis, hartshorn, ivory, 
 and ishiglass. Ftoijer. 
 
 Some make it clear by reiterated fermentations, 
 attd others hy additions, as isinglass, ^loittiiur. 
 
 I'SINGLASS Slo?ie. n.s. A fossil which is 
 one of the purest and simplest of the 
 natural bodies. The masses are of a 
 brownish or reddish colour ; but when 
 the plates are separated, they are per- 
 fectly colourless, and more bright and 
 pellucid than the finest glass. It is foimd 
 in Muscovj, Persia, the island of Cyprus, 
 in the Alps and Apennines, and the 
 mountains of Germany. H/7^«J^/fl^il/(Y/. 
 
 ISLAND, ti. s. [insula, Lat. isola, Ital. 
 ealand, Erse. It is pronounced ilaud.] 
 A tract of land surrounded by water. 
 
 He will carry this island home in his pocket, 
 and give it his son foranRi>ple. — And sowing the 
 kernels of it in the sea, bring forth more islands. 
 Shakesp Tempest. 
 
 Within a long recess there lies a bay. 
 An island shades it from the rolling sea, 
 And funns a port. Druden. 
 
 Island of bliss ! amid' the suliject seas. TLmns. 
 I'SLANDER. 71.. f, [from island. Pro 
 nouiictd !7(j«(/fr.] An inhabitant of a 
 country surrounded by water. 
 
 We, as all islanders, are iunares, or the moon's 
 wen. Camden. 
 
 Yonr dinner, aitd the generous islanders 
 By vou invite{i, do attend yonr presence. Shah. 
 
 There are many bitter sayings against islanders 
 m general, representing them as fierce, treaclier- 
 ous, and unhospitable : those wlio live on the 
 continent have such frequent intercourse with 
 men of different religions and languages, that 
 tliey become more kind than those who are the 
 inhabitants of ai' island. Addison's Freeholder, 
 
 I s s 
 
 A race of rufped mariners are these, 
 Unpniish'd mei, and boist'rutis as tlieJr seas : 
 *1 lie native islanlers alone thi ir caic, 
 ..-^nii liatfilul lie that breathes a UncioTi air. Piype. 
 
 Isle. n. s. [is/e, 1 r, insuloj Lat. Pro- 
 nounced tVe,] 
 
 1. An island; a country surrounded by 
 v/ater, 
 
 I'he instalment of tins noble duke 
 In the seat roval of this taiiious islt. Shakesp. 
 
 The dreadful fi^lit 
 Betwixt a nation and two wlialos I write : 
 Seas stain'd with gore I sir.g, advent'mus toil. 
 And liow ihcse monsters did disann an hie. Wail. 
 
 2. [Written, 1 think, corruptly for aih\ 
 from ai/f, Fr. from aie, Lat. the aile 
 being probably at first only a win<T or 
 side walk. It may come likewise from 
 allte^ I'r. a Wiilk.] A long walk in a 
 church, or publick building. 
 
 O'er the twilight gioves anti du^ky caves, 
 Lons sounding (s/fS and intenuingled graves 
 Black Melancholy sirs. Pope. 
 
 Isopkrime'trical. n.s. [tV^, ttj^i.. and 
 f/.iTfC9.] In geometry, are such ligures 
 as have equal peiinieters or circum- 
 ferences, of which ihe circle is the 
 greatest. Harris. 
 
 Iso'scELES. n. s. [isGscele, Fr. or equi- 
 angular triangh.] That which hath 
 only two sides equal. Harris, 
 
 rSSL'E. n.s. [issue^ I'r.] 
 
 1. The act of passing out. 
 
 2. Exit ; egress ; or passage out. 
 
 Unto the Loid belong the v>sn€s from death. 
 
 Psalms. 
 
 Let us examine what bodies touch a moveable 
 whiUl in motion, as the only means to find an 
 issue out of this ditficulty. Digby on Bodies. 
 
 We migln have easily prevented those great re- 
 turns of money to France ; and if it be true the 
 French are so impoverished, in what conriitioii 
 must they have been, if that i;iiiu€ of wealth had 
 been stopped ? Suift. 
 
 3. Event; consequence. 
 
 Spirits are not finely touch'd, 
 But to line issues. Shakesp. Meas.Jor Meas, 
 
 If I were ever fearful 
 To do a thing, where I the issue doubted, 
 AVhereof the execution did cry out 
 Against the non-performance, 'twas a fear 
 \\ hich oft infects the wisest. Shak, Winter's Tale. 
 
 But let the issue corre>pondent prove 
 To good beginnings of e;icii enlerprize. Fairfax. 
 
 If things were cast u))on this issue, that God 
 should never prevent sin 'till man deserved it, the 
 best would sin, and sin for ever. South. 
 
 The wittiest sayings and sentences will he found 
 the issues of chance, and nothing else but so many 
 lucky hits tif a roving fancy. South. 
 
 Our present condition is better for us in the 
 issue, than that uninterrupted health and security 
 that the Atheist desires. Bentley. 
 
 4. Termination; conchision. 
 
 He hath preserved Argalus alive, under pre- 
 tence of having him publickly executed after these 
 wars, of which they hope for a ^oon and prosper- 
 ous issue Sidney. 
 
 What issue of my love remains for me ! 
 How wild a pa^sion works within my breast! 
 W ith what prodigious flames am I possest ! Drvd. 
 
 Homer, at a loss to bring difficult matters to an 
 issue, lays his hero asleep, and this solves the 
 dithcully. Broonie. 
 
 5. Sequel deduced from premises. 
 
 i am to pray you not to strain my speech 
 To grosser issues, nor to larger reach, 
 Than to susjiicion. Shakesp. Othello. 
 
 6. A fontanel ; a vent made in a muscle 
 for the discharge of humours. 
 
 This tumour in his left arm was caused l>y strict 
 binding of his issue. Wiseman. 
 
 7. Evacuation, 
 
 I s s 
 
 A woman was diseased with an isstie of blood. 
 
 Mat. is. an 
 
 8. Progenj- ; offspring. 
 
 O nation miserable ! 
 .Sinceti at the truest issue of tliy ilirone, 
 liy his (wn interdiction stands accurst. 
 
 Shaltesp. Mccbcth 
 
 Nor where Ahassin kiiTgs their isstte guard, 
 Jlounl Amara, iliough tins hy some suppos'd 
 True Paradise, under the .-It-thiop line 
 By ^ilus' head. flji/ruii's Farad. Lost. 
 
 This old fieaceful prince, as Heav'n decreed, 
 V\ as bless'd with no male issue to succeed. 
 
 Vrpden's ^jieid. 
 
 The frequent productions of nu [istirs, in all 
 the sjieciesof aninials, and strange issues of humari 
 birlh, carry with iheni difficulties, not possible to 
 consist wi{li this hypotiu-sis. Locke. 
 
 9. [Inlaw.] fci/c hath divers applications 
 in the common law : sometimes used for 
 the children begotten between a man 
 and his wife; sometimes for profits grow- 
 ing from an amercenttnt, fine, or ex- 
 jwnces of suit ; sometimes for profits of 
 lands or tenements; som.etimes for that 
 point of matter dependingin siiit.where- 
 upon the parties join and put their cause 
 to the trial of the jury, hsve is either 
 general or special : general is-mt seemeth 
 to be tliat w hereby it is referred to the 
 jury to bring in their verdict, whether 
 the defendant have done any such thing 
 as the plaintift' layeth to his charge. The 
 special issue then must be that, where 
 special matter being alledged bj' the de- 
 fendant for his defence, both the parties 
 join thereupon, and so grow rather to a 
 demurrer, if it be qitttstw juris, or to 
 trial by the jury, if it be qua'sliojacti. 
 
 Lowell . 
 To I'SSUE. v.n. [from the noun; isser, 
 
 Fr. uscire, Ital.] 
 1 . To come out ; to pass out of any ]ilace. 
 Waters issued out from under the thresliold ot 
 the house. Fxk. 
 
 From the utmost end of the head brai;ches there 
 issuetkoMi a gummy juice. Raleigh's liisttny. 
 
 Waters i«»ed froi;i a cave. Milton. 
 
 Ete Pallas i&s«'r/ from ihe thunderer's head, 
 Dulness o'er ail jiossess'd her ancient rigiit. Pope. 
 '2. To make an eruption ; to break out. 
 
 Tlireeof niaslrr Forri's brothers watcii the door 
 with pistols, that none should tASucout, otiierwise 
 you uiight slip away. Shakesp. 
 
 See that none hence issue forth a spy. MiltoK. 
 
 Haste, arm your Ardeaiis, is^ue to the plain; 
 With faith to friend, assault the Trojan train. Dry. 
 
 At length there issu'd, from the grove behind, 
 A fair assembly of the female kind. Vruden. 
 
 A buzzing noise of bet s his ears alarms ; 
 Straight isiire through the sides assembling swarms. 
 
 ih'yden. 
 
 Full for the port the Ithacensians stand. 
 And furl their sails, and issue on the laiid. 
 
 Fope's Odyssey. 
 a. To proceed as an offspring 
 
 Of thy sons that shall issue from tnee, wnicn thou 
 shalt heget, shidl they takeaway. 2 Kings, xx. 18 
 
 4. To be produced by any fund. 
 
 These allarat:es issued out of the ofl'erinjrs maile 
 
 to the altar, aiiu were payable to the jirieslhood. 
 
 Aylije s Farergon. 
 
 5. To run out in lines. 
 
 Pipes made with a belly towards the lower end, 
 and 1 hen issuing into a straight concave again. Bac. 
 
 To I'ssuE. t'. a. 
 
 I. To send out ; to send forth. 
 
 A weak degree of heat is not able either to 
 digest the parts or to issue the spirits. 
 
 Bacon's Nat. Hist. 
 
 1023
 
 I T 
 
 The commissioners should issue money out to no 
 other use. Temple. 
 
 2. To send out judicially or authoritatively. 
 This is the more frequent sense. It is 
 commonly followed by a particle, out or 
 
 forth. 
 
 It tlie council issued out any order against them, 
 or if the king sent a proclamatiou for their rc[iair 
 to tht'ir houses, some nobleiuen published a pro- 
 testatiuu. CUirendim. 
 
 Dei p in a rocky cave he makes abode, 
 A mansion proper for a mourning god : 
 Here he gives audience, issuing out decrees 
 To rivers, his dependent deilits. Dryden. 
 
 In vVin tlie master issues out commands. 
 In vain the trembling sailors ply their hands ; 
 The toiiipest unforeseen prevents theircare. Dry. 
 
 'J'liev constantly wait in eourt to make a due re- 
 turn of what they have done, and to receive such 
 oliter commands as the judge shall isinej'orth. 
 
 Aytiffe's Parergnn. 
 
 Issueless, adj, [from issue.] Having 
 no offspring ; wanting descendants. 
 
 Carew, by virtue of this entail, succeeded to 
 Hugh's portion, as dying issueless. 
 
 Carew's Survey of Comw. 
 I have done sin 
 For which the Heaven's, taking angry note, 
 Have left me iisutless. Shakesp. Winter's Tale. 
 
 I'sTHMUS. K.5. [isthmus, Lat,] A neck 
 of land joining the peninsidar to the 
 continent. 
 
 There is a castle strongly seated on a high rock, 
 ■which joinelh by an isthmus to the land, and is 
 iuipregnably fortified. Sandys's Travels. 
 
 The Assyrian empire stretcheth northward to 
 that isthmus between the Euxine and the Caspian 
 seas. Brerewood on Languages. 
 
 life, thou nothing's younger brother ! 
 Thou weak built isthmus, that dost proudly rise 
 Up betwixt two eternities, 
 Yet can'st not wave nur wind sustain ; 
 But broken and o'erwhelra'd the ocean meets 
 again. _ Cowley. 
 
 Our church of England stands as Corinth be- 
 tween two seas, and there are some busy in cutting 
 the isthmus, to let in both at once upon it. Utillingji. 
 Cieonienes thinking it more advisable to fortify, 
 not the isthmus, but the mountains, put his design 
 in execution. Creech. 
 
 Plac'd on this isthmus of a middle state, 
 A being diu-kl}' wise, aud rudely great. Pope 
 IT. pronoun. [)?ir. Sax.] 
 1. The neutral demonstrative. Used in 
 speaking of things. For it, our ances- 
 tors used he, as the neutral pronoun ; 
 and for its they used his. Thus in the 
 Accidence, a noun adjective is that 
 which cannot stand by himself, 1}ut re- 
 quirtih another word to he joined with 
 him to shew his signijicat ion, 
 
 Notling can give that to another wliich it hath 
 not itself. Bramhali against tiohbes. 
 
 W ill our great anger learn to stoop so low ? 
 1 know it caiuiot. Cowley. 
 
 Tell me, O tell, what kind of thing is wit. 
 Thou who master art of it. Cowley. 
 
 His son, If may be, dreads no harm ; 
 But kindly waits his father's coming home. Flatm. 
 
 The time willcume, it wUl.when you shall know 
 The rage of love. Dryden. 
 
 How can I speak ? or how, sir, can you hear? 
 imagine that which you would most deplore, 
 Ami that which I would speak, is it or more. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 A mind so furnished, what reason has it to ac- 
 quiesce in lis conclusions? Locke. 
 
 The glory which encompassed them covered the 
 place, and darted its rays with so much strength, 
 Ihnt the whole fabrick be^an to melt. Addismi. 
 
 If we find a greater good in the present consti- 
 tution, than would have accrued either from the 
 total privation of it, or from other frames and 
 structures, we may then reasonably conclude, 
 that the present constitution proceeded from an 
 
 I T C 
 
 intelligent and good being, that formed it that 
 particular way out of choice. Bentley. 
 
 1 T E 
 
 When universal Ijoma^c Umbra pajs. 
 
 All see '115 vice, and itch of vulgar praise. Pope 
 
 2. It is used absolutely for the state of a To Itch. r. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 person or affair. 
 
 How is it with oui geueral I 
 
 — Even so 
 
 As with a man hy his own alms iropoison'o, ! 
 
 And with his charity slain. Shakaii. Carielantit. 
 
 3. It is used for the thing ; the matter ; 
 the affair. 
 
 it's come to pass. 
 That tractable obedience is a slave 
 To each incensed will. Xhukesp. Henn/ Vlll. 
 
 4. It is sometimes expressed by 't. 
 He rallied, and again fell to 'l ; 
 
 For catching foe bv nearer fool. 
 He lifted with such might and strength, ' 
 
 As would have hurl'd him thrice his length. Huiiib. 
 The design, it seems, is to avoid the dreadful 
 imputation of pedantry. Sm/'t. 
 
 5. It is used ludicrously afler neutral 
 verbs, to pive an emphasis. 
 
 If Abraham brought all with him, it is not pro- 
 bable that he meant to walk it back again for his 
 pleasure. Raleigh. 
 
 The Lacedemonians, at the straights of 1 hcr- 
 niopvla, when their arms failed them, foupht it 
 out with their nails and teeth. Druden. 
 
 I have often seen people lavish il profusely in 
 tricking up their children, aud yet starve tleir I'xEM. B. S. 
 minds. ,.f^^' 
 
 The mole courses it not on the ground, like the 
 rat or mouse, but lives under the earth. Addison. 
 
 Whether the charmer sinner it, or saiiit it. 
 If folly grows roraantick, I must paint it. Pope. 
 
 6. Sometimes applied familiarly, ludi- 
 crously, or rudely to persons. 
 
 Let us after him. 
 Whose care is gone before to bid us welcome : 
 It is a peerless kinsman. Stiakesp. Macbith. 
 
 Do, child, go to il grandam, child : 
 Give grandam kinedom, aud its graudam will 
 Give it up him. " Shakesp. King John. 
 
 7. It is sometimes used of the first or 
 second person, sometimes of more. This 
 mode of speech, though used by good 
 authors, and supported by the it y a oi 
 the French, has yet an appearance of 
 
 barbarism. 
 
 Who was t came bv ? 
 — 'Ti.'itwoorthree, my lord, that bring you word 
 MacdutT is iied to England. Shakesp. Macbith. 
 City, 
 'Tis I, that made thy widows. Shak. Ctrriinanus. 
 'Tis these that earlv taint the female soul. Pupe. 
 ITCH. 7t.s. [jicfa. Sax.] 
 
 1 . A cutaneous disease extremely contagi- 
 ous, which overspreads the body with 
 small pustules filled with a thin serum, 
 and raised, as microscopes have dis- 
 covered, by a small animal. It is cured 
 by sulphur. 
 
 Lust and liberty 
 Creep in the minds and marrows of oar youilis, 
 That 'gainst the stream of virtue they may strive. 
 And drow n themselves in riot, itches, blaius. Shak. 
 The Lord will smitu thee with the scab and 
 with the itcA, whereof Uiou caust not he healed. 
 Deut. xxviii. 'JT. 
 As if divinity had catch'd 
 The itch on purpose to be scratch'd. Hudibrm. 
 
 2. The sensation of uneasiness in tlie 
 skin, which is eased by rubbing. 
 
 3. A constant teazing desire. 
 A certain itch of meddlins; with other people's 
 
 matters, puts us upon shifting. L'Estran^e. 
 
 He had still pedigree in his'head, and an itch of 
 being thought a divine king. Dnjden. 
 
 From servants company a child is to be kept, 
 not bv prohibitions, for that will but give him an 
 itch after it, but by other ways. Livke. 
 
 M half luaiikinci when geu'rous JIanly raves. 
 All know 'lis virtue, for he thinks them kuavcs : 
 
 1 . To feel that uneasiness in the skin which 
 is removed by rubbing. 
 
 A troublesome itching of the part was occasioned 
 by want of transpiration. Wisemans Surgery. 
 
 My right e\c itches ; some good luck is near : 
 Perhaps my .\1uarylli5 may appear. Vryden. 
 
 2. To long ; to have continual desire. This 
 sense appears in the following examples, 
 though some of them are equivocal. 
 
 Master Shallow, you have yourself been ajgreat 
 fighter, though now a man (jf p'/ace. — Mr. Page, 
 though now [ be old, and of the peace, if I see a 
 sword out, my finger itches to make one. Shakesp, 
 
 'Cassius, you yourself. 
 Are much condenin'd to have an itching palm. 
 To sell and mart your offices for gold. Shakesp, 
 The itching ears, being an cpidemick diseas*', 
 gave fair opj-ortunity to every mount-'bank. 
 , " Decay of Pielv. 
 
 \ All such have still an itching to deride, 
 
 .And fain would be upon the laoghing side. Popf. 
 
 I'tchy. adj. [from itch,] Infected with 
 
 the itch. 
 ITEM. adv. [Lat.] Also. A word used 
 
 when any article is added to the former. 
 
 1. A new article. 
 I could have looked en him without the help of 
 
 admiration, though the catalogue of his endow- 
 ments had been tabled by bis side, and I to 
 peruse him by items. Shakesp. 
 
 2. -A hint ; an inuendo. 
 If this discourse have not concluded our weak- 
 ness, I have one item more of mine : if knowledge 
 can be found, 1 must lose that which I ti^oughl I 
 had, that there is none. Glanville. 
 
 To Iterate, v. a. [itero, Lat.] 
 1 . To repeat ; to utter again ; to incul- 
 cate by frequent mention. 
 
 We covet to make the psalms especially familiar 
 unto all : this is the very cause why we iterate the 
 
 Ksalms ofiencr than any other part of Scripture 
 esides ; the causft wherefore we inure the people 
 together with their minis'.ei-, and n- t the minister 
 alone to read them, as other parts of Scripture he 
 doth. Hooker. 
 
 In the first ages God gave laws unto our fathers, 
 and their meiiiories served instead of books ; 
 whereof the imperfections being Laown to God, 
 he relieved the same by often jiutting them in 
 mind : in whicii respect we see now many lirats 
 one thing hath been iterated into the best and 
 wisest- UooJcfT. 
 
 ■fhe king, to keep a decency towards the 
 French king, sent new solemn ambassadors to iii- 
 tiraate unto him the decree of his estates, aud to 
 itfriite his i.ioiion that the French would dcsi<t 
 from hostility. Bacrns Henry VII. 
 
 There be"^two kinds of reflectii^ns of sounds ; 
 the one at distance, « hich is the echo, wherein the 
 original is heard distinctly, and the reflection also 
 distiiicilv : the other in concuirtnce, when the 
 sound returneth immediately upon the oriptnal, 
 and so itfraltl'i it not, but amplilielh it. Bacon. 
 2. To do over again. 
 
 -Ashes burnt, and well reverberated by fire, 
 after the salt thereof halli been drawn out by 
 iterated decoctions. Brtw*. 
 
 .\dam took no thought, 
 F-iting his fill ; nor Eve to" iterate 
 Her former trespass fear'd, the more to sooth 
 Him with hcrlov'd society. .Mi/tun's Purad. Lost. 
 
 Iterant, adj. [iterans, Lat.] Kepeat- 
 
 ing. 
 
 Waters bein" near, make a current echo ; but 
 being farther on", lliey make an iterant echo. 
 
 Bacon's -Vnt. Hist. 
 
 Itera'tion. 
 do, Lat.] 
 again. 
 
 n. s. [iteration, Fr. itera- 
 Repetition : recital over 
 
 1023
 
 J U D 
 
 Truth tir'd witli iteration 
 As true as steel, as plantage tu the moon* Shah. 
 
 My husband ! 
 —Ay, 'twas he that told me first. 
 — Mv liusbajid ! 
 
 — Wliat nec-ds this iteration, woman ? 
 I say. thy husband. Slnikesp. Othello. 
 
 Il'eratiims are commonly loss of lime ; but there 
 is no such gain of time, as to iterate often the 
 state of the question ; for it chaseth away many 
 a frivolous sneech. Bacons Esiaijs. 
 
 In all these respects It hath a peculiar property 
 to engage the receiver to persevere in all piety, 
 and is farther improved by the frequent iteration 
 and repetition. Hammond. 
 
 Itj'nerant. adj. [itinerant, Tr.] Wan- 
 dering ; not settled. 
 
 It should be my care to sweeten and mellow the 
 voicesof it/ne?-fln( tradesmen, as also to accommo- 
 date their cries to their respective wares. Add. Spec. 
 
 Iti'nerary. n. s. [iiineraire, Fr. iline- 
 raiium, Lat.] A book of travels. 
 
 The clergy are sufficiently reproached, in most 
 ititjeraries, tor the universal poverty one meets 
 with in this plentifid kingdom. Addison on Itatu. 
 
 Itinerary, adj. [ilina-aire, I'r. itiae- 
 rariiis, Lat.] Travelling ; done on a 
 journej' ; done during frequent change 
 of place. 
 
 He di \ make a progress from Lincoln to the nor- 
 thern pa:Is, though It was rather an rtinfrnrv cir- 
 cuit of justice than a progress, liacon^s Hen. VII. 
 
 Itse'lf. pronoun. [(Vandi)//'.] The neu- 
 tral reciprocal jironoiin applied to things. 
 
 V\"ho then shall blame 
 His pester'd senses, to recoil and start. 
 When all that is within him does coiulemn 
 Itself for being there .' Shakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Burrowing uf foreigners, in it%e^' makes not the 
 kingdom ricli or poor. iMcke. 
 
 Ju'bilant. adj. [jubilans, Lat.] Utter- 
 ing songs of triumph. 
 
 The planets list'ning stood, 
 While the briL'ht pomp asceude^i jubilant. Milton. 
 
 Jubila'tion. n.s. [jiibilaiion, Fr.jubi- 
 latio, Lat.] The act of declaring tri- 
 umph. 
 
 Ju'niLEE. n.s. [jubili, Fr. jubilum, from 
 jubilo, low Lat.] A publick festivity ; 
 a time of rejoicing ; a season of joy. 
 
 Angels utt'ring joy, heav'il rung 
 W][h^inbilee, and loud hosannas fill'd 
 Th' eternal regions. Milton s Parad. ImsI. 
 
 Joy was then a masculine and a severe thing, 
 tl)e recreation of the judgment, or rejoicing the 
 Jubilee of reasun. South. 
 
 The town was all a jnhilee of feasts. Dryden. 
 
 Jucu'ndity. n.s. [JHCundilas,jiicu7idiis, 
 Lat.] Pleasantness ; agreeableness. 
 
 The new or unexpected/HCt/Jir/ir/es, which pre- 
 sent themselves, will have activity enough to ex- 
 cite the earthiest soul, and raise a smile from the 
 most composed tempers. Brown. 
 
 Judas Tree. n. s. [siliquastrum, Lat.] 
 A plant. 
 
 Judas Tree yields a fine purplish, bright, red 
 
 blossom in the" Spring, and isincreased by layers. 
 
 Mortimer's Husbandru. 
 
 To Juda'ize. I), n. [judaiscr, Fr. jit- 
 daizo, low Lat.] To conform to the 
 manner of the Jews. 
 
 Paul jiidniz'dviith the Jews, was all to all. Sand. 
 
 JUDGE, n. s. [juge, Fr.jiuhr, Lat] 
 
 J. One who is invested with authority to 
 
 determine any cause or question, real or 
 
 personal. 
 
 Shall not the /uJ^e of all the earth do right? Gen. 
 
 A father of tlie fatherless, and a judge (if the 
 
 widows, is God in his holy habitatioii. Psaljns. 
 
 Thou art jitdge 
 Of all things made, and judgest only right. Milton. 
 
 J U D 
 
 2. One who presides in a court of judica- 
 ture. 
 
 My lord Bassariio gave his ring away 
 Unto the ludge that begg'd it. Shuk. Mcr. ofVen. 
 
 A single voice ; and iluit nf)t past me, but 
 By leariied approbation of IheJridge.Shak. if.VIII. 
 
 How dares your pride. 
 As in a listed field to fight your cause, 
 Unask'd tlie royal grant ; nor marshal by. 
 As knightly rites require, uor judge to try. Vrud. 
 
 It is not sufficient tu imitate nature in every cir- 
 cumstance dully : it becomes a painter to take 
 what is must beautiful, as being the sovereign 
 Judge of his uv n art. Dri/den 
 
 3. One who has skill sufficient to decide 
 upon the merit of any thing. 
 
 One court there is in which lie who knows the 
 secrets of every heart will siljudge himself. Sherl. 
 
 A perfect judge will read each piece of wit. 
 With the saiiie spirit that its author writ. Pope. 
 
 To Judge, v. n. {jugcr, Fr. judico, 
 Lat.] 
 
 1. To pass sentence. 
 
 My wrong be upon thee ; the Lord Jiirfje be- 
 tween tliee and me. Genesis. 
 
 Ve judge not for man, but for the Lord, who 
 is with you in the judgment. Si Chron. 
 
 2. To form or give an opinion. 
 Beshrew me, but I love her heartily ; 
 
 For she is wise, if I can Judge aiight. Shakesp. 
 
 Authors to themselves, 
 Both what ihey judge and what they chuse. Milt. 
 
 If I did nut know the originals, 1 should never 
 be able to Judge, by the copies, which was Virgil, 
 and which Ovid. Vryden. 
 
 Whether it be a divine revelation or no, reason 
 must judge, which can never pertuit the mind to 
 reject a greater evidence, to embrace what is less 
 evident. _ Locke. 
 
 He proceeds in bis enquiry into sciences, re- 
 solved tu judge of them freelj. Locke. 
 
 3. To discern ; to distinguish ; to con- 
 sider accurately. 
 
 How doth God know? Can he judge through 
 the dark cluud ? Job, xxii. 33. 
 
 Judge in yourselves: is it cuuiely a woman 
 pray unto Gud uncovered? 1 Cor. xi. 13. 
 
 How properly the lories may be called the 
 whole body of the British nation, 1 leave to any 
 one's Judging. Addison. 
 
 To Judge, v. a, 
 
 1 . To pass sentence upon ; to examine au- 
 
 thoritativel)' ; to determine finally. 
 
 Chaos shall /iirfgc the strife. Milton. 
 
 I'heu those,' whum foini of laws 
 Condemn'd to die, w hen traitors^'urf^'d their cause, 
 
 Drifden. 
 
 2. To pass severe censure ; to doom 
 severely. This is a sense seldom found 
 but in the Scriptures. 
 
 He ^haU judge among the heathen; he shall fill 
 
 the places wiili the dead bodies. Ps. ex. 6. 
 
 Judge not, that ye be not Judged. Matthew. 
 
 Let no mMijudge you in meat or drink. Col. ii. 
 
 Ju'dger. n.s. [from judge.'] One who 
 forms judgment ; or passes sentence. 
 
 The vulgar tin-eatened tu be their oppressors, 
 aiidjudgersof theirjuHges. King Charles. 
 
 'I hey who guide themselves merely by what 
 appears, are Til Judgers of what they have put 
 well examined. Dighij. 
 
 Judgment, n.s. [jiigement, Fr.] 
 
 1. The power of discerning the relations 
 
 between one term or one proposition 
 
 and another. 
 
 O Judgment ! thou art fled to brutish beasts. 
 And men have lost (heirreason. Shah JuliusCtesar. 
 
 The faculty, which God has given man to 
 supply the want of certain knowledge, is judg- 
 incnt, whereby the mind takes any proposition tu 
 be true or false, without perceiving a demonstra- 
 tive evidence in the proofs. hockc 
 
 J U D 
 
 Judgment is tliat whereby we join ideas toge- 
 ther by affirmation or negation ; so, this tree is 
 high. ^ K'a(Cj. 
 
 2. Doom ; the right or power of passing 
 judgment. 
 
 If my suspect be false, forgive me God; 
 Fur Judgment only duth belong to thee. Shahesp. 
 
 3. The act of exercising judicature ; judi- 
 catory. 
 
 They gawe judgment upon him. g King$, 
 
 \\ lien ihou, U Lord, slialt stand disclosed 
 
 In majesty severe. 
 
 And sit m judgment on my soul, 
 
 O how sh;i!l I appear? Addison^s SpectaUyr. 
 
 4. Determination ; decision. 
 
 Where distinctions or identities are purely ma- 
 terial, the judgment is made by the iniaeination, 
 otherwise by the understanding. Glanville's Scepsis. 
 
 We sliall make a ceriamjiidf^meiit what kind of 
 disisolution that earth was capahle of. 
 
 Burners Theory* 
 
 Reason ouglit to accompany tiie exercise of our 
 senses, whenever we would furni a ju^tjudgmejit 
 of things projiosed to our inquiry. Watts, 
 
 5. The quality of distinguishing pro- 
 priety and impropriety; criticism. 
 
 Judgment, -dcouiand alow faculty, attends nota 
 man in tlie rapture of poetical composition. 
 
 Dennis, 
 
 'Tis with o\ir judgments as our watches, none 
 Go just alike; yet each believes his own. Pope. 
 
 6. Opinion ; notion. 
 
 I see men" s judgments are 
 A parcel of their furiunes, and ihirgs outward 
 Draw the inward quality afier tliein, 
 To suffer ail alike. Shakesp. Ant. and Clem. 
 
 Wiien she did think my master lov'd her well. 
 She, in xv^y judgment wa-i, as fair as you. bhukesp. 
 
 7. Sentence against a criminal. 
 
 Vviien he was bi ought again to th' bar, to bear 
 
 His knell rung out, his judgment, he was stirr'd 
 
 Willi agony. Sfuikesp. Heurii Vllf, 
 
 The chief priests informed me, desiring to have 
 
 judgment against him. Acts, .\\v. 15. 
 
 On Adam last this judgment lie proiiounc'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 8. Condemnation. This is a theological 
 use. 
 
 The judgment was by one to condemnation ; but 
 the free gilt is of many oflcnces unto jusiification. 
 
 Rom. v. 16. 
 
 The precepts, promises, and theatenjngs of 
 the Gospel will rise up in judgement against us, 
 and the articles of our faith wiU be so many ar- 
 ticles of accusation. Tdlotson. 
 
 9. Punishment inflicted by Providence, 
 with reference to some particular 
 crime. 
 
 This judgment of the heavens that makes ns 
 tremble. 
 Touches us not with pity. Shakesp. King Lear, 
 We cannot be guilty of greater tincharitabieness 
 than to interpret afflictions as punishments and 
 judgments : it aggravates the evil to him who suf- 
 fers, when he looks upon himself as the mark of 
 divine vengeance. Addisou''s Spectatoi: 
 
 10. Distribution of justice. 
 
 The Jews made insurrection against Paul, and 
 brought him to the judgment seat. Acts, xviii. 12, 
 
 Your dishonour 
 Mangles truejudgmcnt, and bereaves the 'state 
 Of that integrity Which should become it. 
 
 Shakesp. 
 
 In judgment between rich and poor, consider 
 
 not what the poor man needs, but what is his 
 
 own. ^ Tayhr, 
 
 A bold and wise petitioner goes- strait to tb« 
 
 throne a.n6 judgment seat of the monarch. 
 
 Arbuthnot and P»pe, 
 
 11. Justiciary law ; statute. 
 
 If ye hearken to these judgments, and keep and 
 do them, the Lord thy Gotfshallkeep unto thee 
 the covenant. Dent, 
 
 12. The last doonu 
 
 1034
 
 JUG 
 
 The dreadful judgment day 
 So dreadful will not be as was his sight. Shaktsp. 
 
 Ju'dicatory. n.s. \Judico, Lat.] 
 1. Distribution of justice. 
 
 No such crime appeared as the lords, the s(^ 
 preiiie court u( juHicalon/, would judpe worlHy 
 of death, ClurenJlin. 
 
 Jj. Court of justice. 
 
 Huiuaii judicalnries ^We sentence on matters of 
 tight and %vrong, but inquire not into bounty and 
 beneficence. Attnhurii. 
 
 Ju'DicATURE. n. s. [judicature. Ft, jti- 
 dico, I>at] 
 
 1. Power of distributing justice. 
 
 The honour of the judges in their jxidicaixire is 
 Ihe king's honour. Bacon's Adiiice to ViUien. 
 
 If he should bargain for a place oi judicuture, 
 let him be rejected with shame. Bacon. 
 
 2. Court of justice. 
 
 In judicatures, to take away the trumpet, the 
 jcarlet, the attendance, makes justice naked as 
 well as blind. Soath. 
 
 JUDICIAL, adj. [judicium, Lat.] 
 I. Practised in the distribution of publick 
 justice. 
 
 What government can be without judicial pro- 
 ceedings? And what judicature without a religi- 
 ous oath ? Bentleii. 
 8. Inflicted on as a penalty. 
 
 The resistance of those wUl cause a judicial 
 hardness. Snulh. 
 
 JuDi'ciALLY. adv. [from judicial.] In 
 the forms of legal justice. 
 
 It will behove us to think that we see God still 
 looking on, and weighing all our thoughts, words, 
 and actions in the balance of infallible justice, and 
 passing the same judgment which he intends here- 
 nher judicially to declare, Grew. 
 
 JuDi'ciARY. adj. [judiciare, Fr.judicia- 
 rius, Lat.] Passing judgment upon 
 any thing. 
 
 Before weight be laid \iyoi)judiciary as'.rologers, 
 the influence of constellations ought to be made 
 out. Boyle. 
 
 JUDICIOUS, adj. [judicievx, Fr.] Pru- 
 dent ; wise ; skilful in any matter or 
 affair. 
 
 For your husband, 
 He'a noble, wise, jiidicioui, and best knows 
 The fits o' tir season. Skakesp. Macbeth. 
 
 Love liatli liis seat 
 In reason, and is judicious. Jliilton. 
 
 To each savour meaning we apply; 
 Jtnd palate cnW judicious. Milton. 
 
 We are beholden to judicious writers of ail ages 
 for those discoveries t^ey have left behind them 
 
 Locke. 
 
 JUDl'CiouSLY. adv, [from judicioiis.'\ 
 Skilfully; wisely; with just determina- 
 tion. 
 
 So bold, yet so judicionslv you dare, 
 That your least praise is to be regular. Dryden. 
 
 L<jnginus has judiciously preferred the sublime 
 genius that sometimes errs to the middling or in- 
 different one, which makes few faults, but seldom 
 rises to excellence. Dryden. 
 
 JCG. «. s. [juggCy Dan.] A large drinking 
 vessel with a gibbous or swelling belly. 
 
 You'd mil upon the hostess of the house, 
 Because she bought stone ju^s and no seal'd 
 quarts. iShakesp. 
 
 He fetch'd 'em drink, 
 ViU'd a large jug up to the brink. Stcifl. 
 
 To Ju'ggle. i\ n. Ijougkr or jongler, Fr. 
 
 jocularly Lat.] 
 1. To play tricks by slight of hand; to 
 
 ahew false appearances of extraordinary 
 
 performances. 
 The ancient miracle of Memnon's stntne seems 
 
 (0 be ^juggling of the Ethiopian prieits. Dighy* 
 
 Vol. l 
 
 J U I 
 
 *2. To practise artifice or imposture. 
 
 Be i\\G^Q juggling fiends no more hthcv'd, 
 That palter wiih u» in a duutile sense, b/iti/c. Macb. 
 
 Is't possible the spells of France should juggle 
 Men into such strange mockeries^ Sliai.esp. 
 
 They ne'er forswore iheniselvts, nor Ued, 
 Disdam'd to stay for friends consents ; 
 lioTJuggl'd about settlements. Hudihras. 
 
 Juggle, n.s, [from tlie verb.] 
 
 1. A trick by legerdemain. 
 
 2, An imposture; a deception. 
 
 The notion was not the invention of politicians, 
 and a juggle of state to cozen the people into obe- 
 dience. Titlotson. 
 
 Ju'ggler. 71. s. [from juggle.] 
 
 1, One who practises slight of hand; one 
 who deceives the eye by nimble con- 
 veyance. 
 
 They say this town is full of cozenage, 
 As nimble /i/f^^/ers that deceive the eye, 
 Drug-wortiug sorcerers that change tlie mind. 
 Disguised cheaters, prating mountebanks, 
 And many such like libertines of sin. Shakesp. 
 
 I saw a juggler that had a pair of cards, and 
 would tell a nran what card he thought, hacon. 
 
 Aristaius was a famous poet, that flimrished in 
 the daysof CrcESUS, and a notable juggler. Sandys. 
 
 Fortune-tellers, jugglcn, and impostors, do 
 daily delude them. Brown's I ulgar Eit, 
 
 The juggler which another's slight can shew, 
 But teaches liow the world his owu may know. 
 
 Garth. 
 
 One who is managed by a juggler fancies l>e has 
 money in hand ; hut let hnn gra^p it never so carc- 
 full^-, u|X)nawordor twoit increases or dwindles. 
 Addison's Ft^eholder. 
 
 What magick makes our money rise, 
 When dropt into the southern main ; 
 Or do these jugglers cheat our eyes? Swijt. 
 
 2. A cheat ; a trickish fellow. 
 
 O me, you juggler ; oh, you canker blossom. 
 You thief of love ; w hat, have you come by night 
 And stol'n my love's heart from him? Shake:>p. 
 
 1 sing no liarm 
 To officer, j»^g'/eT, or justice of peace. Dotinc. 
 
 JuGGLTNGLY. adv, [^vom jvgglc] In a 
 
 deceptive manner. 
 Ju'gular. adj. [jugulum, Lat.] Belong- 
 ing to the throat. 
 
 A gentleman was wounded into the internal 
 jtigvlar, tin-ougli his neck. Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 JUICE, n.s. [jus, Fr.jui/s, Dut ] 
 
 1 . Tile liquor, sap, or water of plants and 
 
 fruits. 
 
 If I define wine, T must .say, wine is & juice not 
 liquid, or wine is a substance; for juice includes 
 both substance and liquid. Watts. 
 
 Unnumber'd fruits, 
 A friendly j«ice to cool thirst's rage contain. 
 
 Thorns. 
 
 2. The fluid in animal bodies. 
 
 Juice ill language is less than blond; for if the 
 words be but becoming and signifying, and the 
 sense gentle, there \s juice: but where that want- 
 eth, the language is thin, scarce covering the 
 bone. Ben Jonson's Discoveries. 
 
 An animal whose juices are unsound can never 
 be nourished: onsoundjtffreicannever repair the 
 fluids. Arbuthnot. 
 
 Jui'cELESS. adj. [fromjuiceJ] Dry; with- 
 out moisture ; without juice. 
 
 Divine Providence h«s s[>read her table every 
 where ; not wiih 6.juiceless green carpet, but with 
 succulent lierbage and nourishing grass. More. 
 
 When Boreas' spirit blusters tore, 
 BcAvare th^ inclement Iicav'ns ; now let thy hearth 
 Crackle witii^/uirWess boughs. Phillips. 
 
 Juiciness, n.s. [from Juice] Plenty of 
 juice; succulence. 
 
 Ju'iCY. adj. [from juice,] Moi«t; full of 
 juice; succulent 
 
 J U M 
 
 Earth boinc taken out of watery wnods, will put 
 forth herb^ u\ a fat and ;uict/ substance. haean. 
 
 Kach jijaiit and ;uiri»t ^'ount wilt pluck. MUton. 
 
 The musk 'sHurpassiiiK worth! that, in its vouth, 
 lis lender nonage, luad:) the Sj'readillg b<iiit:bs 
 With large and juicij (itiVpriiig. PAiWipt. 
 
 To Juke. tj. M. [yuf/ifr, Fr.] 
 
 1. To perch upon uny thing as birds. 
 
 2. Juking, in Scotland, denules still any 
 complaisance by benilinp; of the head. 
 
 Two asses travelled ; the one laden with oats, 
 the other with money : the nione> -merchant was 
 so proud of bis trust, that he wentju/tin^ and tos- 
 sing ot his bead. L VMranft. 
 
 Ju'jUB. \n. s.[zizyphus,'Lat..'] .'\ plant 
 Ju'jUBES. 5 whose flower consists of se- 
 veral leaves, which are placed circu- 
 larly, and expand in form of a rose. 
 The fruit is like a small plum, but it 
 has little flesh upon the stone. Miller. 
 Jl'lap. n. *. [A word of .Arabick ori- 
 ginal ; jtdupium, low Lat. julip, Fr.] 
 
 Julap is an extemporaneous form of medicine, 
 made of simple and compound water sweetened, 
 and serves for a vehicle to other fumis nut so con- 
 venient to take alone. Quincy. 
 
 Behold this cordial j'ulap here. 
 That flames and dances in his crystal bounds 
 With spirits of balm and fragrant syrups mixt. 
 
 Miitm. 
 
 If any part of the after-birth be left, endeaxuur 
 
 the bringrng that away ; and by good sudorificks 
 
 and cordials eK|>el tlie venom, and coilteiiipt-rate 
 
 the heat and acrimony byjulaps and cnnilsions. 
 
 H'isenuin's Surgery. 
 
 Ju'lUS. 71. s. 
 
 1. July flower. 
 
 2. Jntus. ibX©-, among boLinists, denote* 
 those long worm-like tufts or palms, ss 
 the}' are called in willows, which at the 
 beginning of the year grow out, and 
 hang pendular down from hazels, val- 
 nut-trees, cSx. MilUr. 
 
 July. n.s. [,7ulius, Lat.juilltl, Fr.] 'ITie 
 month anliently called quinlilis, or the 
 fifth from iVIarch, named Julij in honour 
 of Julius Ceesar ; the seventh month 
 from January. 
 
 July I would have drawn in a jacket of light 
 yellow, eating cherries, with his lace and bosom 
 sun-burnt. Peacham. 
 
 JU MART. n. «. [Fr.] 
 
 Mules a\Ajvmarts, the one from the mixture uf 
 an ass and a mare, the other from the mixture of 
 a bull and a mare, are frequent. Locke. 
 
 To Ju'mble. t. a. [in Chaucer, jombrf, 
 
 from combler, Fr. Skhuicr.] To mix 
 
 violently and confusedly together. 
 
 Persons and humours may be jumbUd and dis- 
 euised ; but nature, like quicksilver, will never 
 be killed. L'Estrange. 
 
 A veihal concordance leads not always to texti 
 of the same meaning : and one mav ^lb^'erve, how 
 apt tiiat is to jumhie together passages of Scripture, 
 and thereby disturb the true meaning of holjr 
 Scripture. " Lockt. 
 
 V\ riling is but just like dice, 
 And lucky mains make people wise ; 
 And fvmhlfd words, if uirtune thmw them. 
 Shall, well as Dryden, form a p«eni. 
 
 Prvr. 
 
 Is it uot a firmer foundation for tranquillity, to 
 believe that aII things were created, and are or- 
 dered for the best, than tliat iht uniTerse is mere 
 bungtinp and blunderinE'; nW i)1-fHTnoredIy coblcd 
 mn^^fumblfd together by the ung^iided agrmikin 
 and rnde shuffles of matter? " henUc}f. 
 
 How tragedy and Comedy emhrnce. 
 How farce and rpick f^ct « fwmWtrf ntce. fopt. 
 
 That the universe wa^ tWmed bv a ^iitukotM 
 •oncourse of atpxni, I will no more l)elieTe, than 
 
 6 P I02i
 
 J U M 
 
 that (he ziccnhnta] Jumbling of the alphabet wonid 
 fall into a most ingenious treatise of phllosophY- 
 
 Swyi 
 
 . To Ju'mble. v. w. To be agitated to- 
 gether. 
 
 They will all meet and jumble together into a 
 periect harmony. Siiiji. 
 
 Ju'mble. it.s. [from the verb.] Confused 
 mixture; violent and confused agita- 
 tion. 
 
 Had the world been coagmented from tliat sup- 
 posed fortuitousj"um6/e, this hypothesis had been 
 tolerable. GlanvUle. 
 
 \Vhat7«m6/ehere is made of ecclesiastical reve- 
 nues, ab if ihey were all alienaled with equal 
 justice. Swift. 
 
 . JuMENT. n. s. [jument, Fr. jumentunij 
 Lat.] Beast of burthen. 
 
 Jumcnts, as horses, oxen, and asses, have no 
 er;ictaliuii, or helclniig. Browns X^ulgar Errours, 
 
 To Jump. v.7i. [^umptU) Dut.] 
 
 1. To leap; to skip; to move without 
 step or sliding. 
 
 Not the worst ot the three hxii jumps twelve foot 
 and an half by the square. Shak. Winter s Tale. 
 
 Tilt' herd comG jumping by me. 
 And fearless, quencii their tliirst, while I look on. 
 And take mc fur ilieir fellow-citizen. JJryden, 
 
 Su have 1 seen from Severn's brink, 
 A Jiiick of geese /um/j down together, 
 
 Swim where the bird of Jove would sink. 
 And su'iunniiig never wt;t a feather. SiciJ}. 
 
 Candidates petition the emperor to enf.ertnin 
 the court with a dance on the rope ; and whoever 
 jumps the bi^hot succeeds in tlie ulhce. Gul.Trav. 
 
 2. To leap suddenly. 
 
 One Peretiriiuis jumped into a fiery furnace at 
 the Olympick j^ames, only to shew the company 
 how fur his vanity could carry him. CniUer. 
 
 AVe see a litile, presume a great deal, and so 
 jump to the conclusion. Spectatirr. 
 
 *6. To jolt. 
 
 The noise. of the prancing horses, and of the 
 jumpin<^ cliariots. Nah, iii. 2. 
 
 4, To agree; totally; to join. 
 
 Do not embrace me till eacli circumstance 
 Of place, time, fortune, do cohere and j'u/np 
 That 1 ;im Viola. ShaKesp. Twetjth Night. 
 
 In some sort hjumps witli my humour. Shakesp. 
 
 But though ihfy jump not on a just account, 
 Yet do they all confirm a Turkish fleet. Shakesp. 
 
 Because 1 will not jump with common spirits, 
 4.iid rank me with the barb'rous nations. Shai.esp. 
 
 Herein perchance he jumps not with Lipsius. 
 
 Hakewiti. 
 
 Never did irnsty squire with knight. 
 Or kni;^lit with squire, e'er jump more right ; 
 Their arms and equipage did fit, 
 As well as virtues, parts, and wit. Hudibras. 
 
 This shews how perfectly the rump 
 And ci)nHnon\\ ealth in nature Ju^np" 
 For as A fly that goes to bed, 
 Rests with bis tail above his head ; 
 . ■ -So in this nnnigrel state of ours, 
 
 Tiie rabble arc the supreme powers. Hudihras. 
 
 Good wits jump f and mine the nimbler of the 
 two. Mare. 
 
 Good now, howy»our devotions jump with mine. 
 
 Djyden. 
 
 1 am happier for finding our judgments jmnp iu 
 the nolinn. Pope to Swift. 
 
 To Jump. v. a. To pass by a leap; to 
 pass eagerly or carelessly over. 
 
 Here, u[)on this bank and shelve of time. 
 We'd jump the life to come. Shahesp. Macbeth. 
 
 JUMV. adv. Exactly; nicely. Obsolete. 
 
 Olherwiseone man could not excel another, but 
 all should be either absolutely good, as bitting 
 Jump that indivisible poirit or center wherein 
 goodness consisteth ; or else missing it, they 
 should be exclinled out of the number of well- 
 doers. Hooker. 
 
 J U N 
 
 jBut since so j«m/j upon this bloody question. 
 Yon from the Polack wars, and you from England, 
 Are here arriv'd. Shakcsp. Hamlets 
 
 Myself the while to draw tlie Moor apart, 
 And bring W\mji(.mp, when he may llassio find 
 Soliciting bis wife. Shaketo. Othello. 
 
 Jump. n.s. [from the verb.] 
 
 1. The act of jumping; a leap ; a skip. 
 
 The surest way for a learner is, not to advance 
 hy jumps and large strides ; let that, which he sets 
 hnuselt to learn next, be as nearly conjoined with 
 what he knows already, as is possible. Locke. 
 
 2. A lucky chance. 
 
 Do not exceed 
 The prescript of this scrowl , our fortune lies 
 Upon this jump. Shukesp. Ant. and Cleopatra. 
 
 3. [Jupe, Fr.] A waistcoat ; a kinti of 
 loose or limber stays worn by sickly 
 ladies. 
 
 The weeping cassock scar'd into a jump, 
 A sign the presbyter's worn to the stump. Cleavcl. 
 
 Ju'ncate. n. s, [juncade, Fr. gioncata, 
 Ital.] 
 
 1. Cheesecake ; a kind of sweetmeat of 
 curds and sugar. 
 
 2. Any delicacy. 
 
 A goodly table of pure ivory, 
 Ail spread w'nhjuncates^ fit to* entertain 
 The greatest prnice. Spenser. 
 
 With stories told of many a feat, 
 How fairy Mab the juncates eat. Milton. 
 
 3. A furtive or private entertainment. It 
 is now improperly written junket in 
 this sense, which alone remains much 
 
 See Junket. 
 
 m use. 
 Ju'ncous. adj, [junctus, Lat.] Full of 
 
 bulrushes. 
 Ju'nction. n.s, [jonction, Fr.] Union; 
 
 coalition. 
 Upon the junrtioji of the two corps, our spies 
 
 discovered a great cloud of dust. Addison. 
 
 Juncture. n,s. [junctwa, Lat.] 
 
 1 . The line at which two things are joined 
 together. 
 
 13esides those grosser elements of bodies, salt, 
 sulphur, and mercury ,'thcre may be ingredients of 
 a more subtile nature, which being extremely lit- 
 tle, may escape unheeded at the junctures of the 
 distillatory vessels, though never so carefully 
 luted. Boyle. 
 
 2. Joint ; articulation. 
 
 Siie has made the back-bone of several verte- 
 br;e, as being less in danger of breaking than if 
 they were all one entire bone without those 
 gristly jinictures. More. 
 
 All other animals have transverse bodies ; and 
 though some do raise themselves upon their hin- 
 der legs to an upriglit posture, yet they cannot 
 endure it long, neither are the figures w junctures, 
 or order of their bones, titted to such a posture. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 3. Union ; amity. 
 Nor are the soberest o-f them so apt for that de- 
 votional compliance andj(t?ic(ure of hearts, which 
 I desire to bear iu those holy ofiSces to be per- 
 formed with me. ^'"jh Ckarles. 
 
 4. A critical point or article of time. 
 
 By this profession in that junc(»re of time, they 
 bid farewel to all the pleasures of this life. Addis. 
 
 When any law does not conduce to the publick 
 safety, but in some extraordinary junctures, the 
 very observation of it would endanger the com- 
 munity, that law ought to be laid asleep. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 June. w. 5. [Juin, Fr. Junius, Lat.] The 
 sixth month from January. 
 
 June is drawn in a mantle of dark green. 
 
 Peacham. 
 
 Ju'nior. adj. [junior, Lat.] One vounger 
 than another. 
 
 J U R 
 
 The fools, my Jtmiors, by a year, 
 Are tortur'd with suspense and fear. 
 Who wisely tiiought ray age a screen, 
 Wlieii death approach'd to stand between. Swift. 
 According to the nature of men of years, I was 
 repining at tlie rise of my juniors, and unequal 
 <listribution of wealth. Tatter. 
 
 Ju'niper. n. s. [juniperus, JjLt.] A tree. 
 
 A clyster may be made of the common decoc- 
 tions, or of mallows, bay, andju?ii;>ir berries, with 
 oil of linseed. Wiseman. 
 
 Junk. n. s. [probably an Indian word.] 
 
 1. A small ship of China. 
 America, which have now but ;'i«i/vs and canoes, 
 
 abounded then in tall ships. Bacon's New Atlantis. 
 
 2. Pieces of old cable. 
 
 Ju'nket. n.s. [pi-o'perly juncate.] See 
 
 JUNCATE. 
 
 1. A sweetmeat. 
 
 You know, there wants no junkets at the feast. 
 
 Shnhetp, 
 
 2. A stolen entertainment. 
 
 To Junket. i<. n. [from the noun.] 
 
 1. To feast secretly; to make entertain- 
 ments by stealth. 
 
 Whatever good bits you can pilfer in the day, 
 save them to junket with your fellow servants at 
 night. Swift. 
 
 2. To feast. 
 Job's children junheted and feasted together 
 
 often, but the reckoning cost them dear at last. 
 
 South. 
 The apostle would have no revelling or junket- 
 ing- South. 
 
 JUNTO, n. s. [Ital.] A cabal ; a kind of 
 men combined in any secret design. 
 
 Would men have spent toilsome days and 
 watchful nights in the laborious quest of know- 
 ledge preparative to this work, at length come 
 and dance attendance for approbation upon njimta 
 of petty tyrants, acted by party and prejudice, 
 who denied fitness from learning, and grace from 
 morality? South. 
 
 From this time began an intrigue between his 
 majesty and a junto of ministers, which had like 
 to have ended in my destruction. 
 
 Gulliver's Travelu 
 
 I'voRY. n. s. [ivoire, Fr. ebur, Lat.] 
 
 Ivory is a hard, s(;lid, and firm substance, of a 
 fine wliite colour; it is the dens exertus of the 
 elephant, who carries on each side of his jaws a 
 tooth of six or seven feet in length ; the two some- 
 times weighing three hundred and thirty pounds : 
 these ivory tusks are hollow from the base to a 
 certain height, and the cavity is filled with a com- 
 pact medullary substance. Hilt. 
 
 There is more dilference between thy flesli and 
 
 hers, than between jet and ivory. Shakesp 
 
 Draw Erato with a sweet and lovely countenance, 
 
 bearing a heart with an ivory key. Peacham. 
 
 From their ivory port the cherubim 
 Forth issu'd. Milton. 
 
 Two gates the silent house of sleep adorn. 
 Of polisli'd luVy this, that of transparent horn ; 
 True visions through transparent horn arise, 
 Through polish'd iv'ry pass deluding lies. Dryden. 
 
 Juppo'N. n. s. [juppon, Fr.] A short 
 close coat. 
 
 Some wore a breast-plate and a Vi2,ht juppon. 
 Their horses cluth'd with rich caparison. Dryden. 
 
 Ju'rat. n.s. [juratus, Lat. jure, Fr.] A 
 magistrate in some corporations. 
 
 Ju'ratory. adj. [jiiratoire, Fr. juro, 
 Lat.] Comprising an oath. 
 
 A contumacious person may be compelled to 
 give juratory caution de parendo juri. Aylijf'e's Par. 
 
 Juri'dical. adj. [jiiridicus, Lat. juri- 
 diqiie, Fr.] 
 
 1. Acting in the distribution of justice. 
 
 2. Used in courts of justice. 
 
 1026
 
 J U R 
 
 According to a juridical account and legal signi- 
 fication, time within memory, by the statute of 
 Westminster, was settled in the hegiiming of ihu 
 reign of king Richard tlie First. Half. 
 
 Juri'dically. adv, [from jtiridical] 
 With legal authority ; accordhig to forms 
 of justice. 
 Ju'risconsult. n. s. [juris consuUua, 
 Lat.] One who gives his opiniou in 
 casps of hiw. 
 'J'here is mention made, in a decision of the 
 jnrisconsuU Javoiemus, of a Britaiinick fleet. 
 
 ArhuthmU on Cmns. 
 
 Jurisdiction, n. s. [jurisdicdoj Lat. 
 juriadictiim, Fr.] 
 
 1 , Legal authority ; extent of power. 
 
 Sometimes the practice of such J urisdictiunmvky 
 swerve through error even in the very best, and 
 for nther respects, where less integrity is. Hooker. 
 
 You wrouglit to be a legate; by which power 
 You maim'd iUe }uri<},diction of all bishops. Shuk. 
 
 All persons exercising ecclesiastical jnri^dictiini 
 ihould have the king's arms in their seals of oflice. 
 
 Hay ward. 
 This place exempt 
 From Heav'n's high /»mrfic(mH. Milton 
 
 As Adam Iiad no such power as gave hiiu sove- 
 te\iiu Jurisdiction ovtr mankind. Locke. 
 
 This custom in a popular state, of impeaching 
 particular men, may seem to be nothing els« but 
 the people's chusing to exercise their ownjurisdic- 
 tion in person. Svijt 
 
 2. District to which any authority extends 
 Jurispru'dence. n. s, [jurisprudetice 
 
 Yy. jurisprndmtiay Lat.] The science 
 of law. 
 
 Jurist. «. s. [jurisfe, Fr. jm-a, Lat.] 
 A civil law3'er ; a man who professes the 
 science of the law ; a civilian. 
 
 This is not to be measured by the principles of 
 jurists Bacon. 
 
 Ju'ror. n.s. [jMro, Lat.] One that serves 
 on the ji»ry. 
 
 Were the iu7W5 picked out of choice men, the 
 evidence will be as deceitful as the verdict. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 
 I shall fnid your lurdslup judge and juror. 
 You are so merciful, I see your end, 
 *'J'is my undoing. Shakesp, Henrxj VUl. 
 
 I sing no harm, good sooth ! to any wij:ht. 
 Juror, urjudge. Doivie. 
 
 About noon the ju7-w5 went together, and be- 
 cause they could not agree, they were shut in. 
 
 Hay ward. 
 
 Ju'ry, n.s. {jnratUy LatjMre, Fr] 
 
 Jnti/, a company of men, as twenty-four, or 
 twelve, sworn to deliver a truth upon such evi- 
 dence as shall be delivered them touching the mat- 
 ter in question. There be three manners of trials 
 in Enjzlnnd ; one by parliament, another b_y bat- 
 tie, Lind the third by assize ot jury. The trial by 
 assize, be the aciion civil or criminal, publick or 
 private, ])ersrinal or real, is referred for the fact to 
 a^'itri/, and as they find it, so pas*elh the judgment. 
 Ihisjuri/is used not only in curcuits of justices 
 eirant, but also in other courts, and matters of of- 
 fice, as, if the eschealour make inquisition in any 
 thing touching his otlice, he doth it by a jury of 
 inquest : if the coroner enquire how a subject found 
 dead came to his end, he uselh an inquest : the 
 justices of peace in their quarter-sessions, the 
 slierirt" in his county and turn, the baiUftof a hun- 
 dred, the steward of a court-leet or court-baron, 
 if they enquire of any oftence, or decide any cause 
 between party and party, they do it by the same 
 manner: sn that where it is said, that all things 
 be triable by parliament, battle, or assize ; asssize, 
 U: this place, is taken for ajury or inquest, em- 
 panelled upon any cause in a court where this kind 
 cf trial is used. ThisjuiT/, though it appertain to 
 most courts of the common law, yet it is most 
 notorious in the half-year courts of the justices 
 crrants, commonly called tiie great assizes, and in 
 tUe quarter-sessiouSi and in ttieai it is most ordi- 
 
 JUS 
 
 narilycalleda /»ry,aiid that in civil c-ttises; where- 
 as ill r)ther cinirts it is often termed an inquest. 
 In the general assize, there are usually many jitrifs, 
 becansi' there be store of causes, both civil and 
 criminal, conimmily to he liicd, wliereof one is 
 called the grand /»ry, and I lie rest petit y/triw. The 
 grand jury consist ordinarily of twcniy four grave 
 and siiba'antial ginllc n. or some of tliini yeo- 
 men, chosen imlilierently out of the whole shire 
 by the shcrilf, to consider of all bills of indictnienl 
 preferred to the cairt ; which tlii-y do cither ap- 
 prove by writing upon them these words, hiila 
 vera, ordisailow by writing ignoramus. Sucli as 
 they do approve, if they toucli life and death, are 
 farther referred Ij anoihcr .;iii-v to be considered 
 of, because the case is of such importance ; but 
 olliers t)f lighter moment are, upon their allow- 
 ance, without more work, lined by the bench, 
 exceiit the party traverse the indictnienl, or chal- 
 lenge it for insurticiency, or remove the cause to a 
 higher court by cf rti.'rari ; in wliich two former 
 eases it is referred to a anotlierjiiri/, and in the lat- 
 ter transmitted to the higher. Those that pass 
 upon civil causes real, arc all, or so many as can 
 conveniently be had, of the same hundred where 
 the land or tenement in ijuestion doth lie, and f(nir 
 at the least; and they, upon due examinalioi 
 bring in their verdict either for the demandant t>r 
 tenant; according unto wliich, judgment passelh 
 afierward in the court when the cause fust began ; 
 and the reasim hereof is, because these justices of 
 assize are, in tills ease, for the ease of the country 
 ludv to lake Ihe verdict of thejiiii/ by virtue of 
 the' writ called nisi jiriiis, and so return it to the 
 court where the cause is depending.^ Ccmiell. 
 
 The jurfi, passing on the prisoner's life, 
 May in the sworn twelve have a thief or two 
 Gu'illicr llian him they try. Shah Meas.for Meas 
 
 How innocent I was, 
 His noble /iiri/ and foul cause can witness. Shak. 
 
 Clolliuswa's acipiitted by a corrupt jurii, thai 
 had palpably taken shares of money before they 
 gave ii|) their verdict. Bacon. 
 
 Juryman, n.s. [juri/ and man.] One 
 who is impannellecl on a jury. 
 
 The liungry judges soon the sentence sign. 
 And wretches hang that jiirvmen may dine. Poye. 
 No judge was known, upon or oil' the bench, 
 (o use "the least insinuation, that might atl'ect Ihe 
 interests of any one single Jiiit/jpjch, niucli less of a 
 whole jury. Suyt. 
 
 Ju'rymast. n.s. It seems to be proper- 
 ly diiree mast, mail de duree, a mast 
 made to hist for the present occasion. So 
 the seamen call whatever they set up in 
 the room of a mast lost in a fight or by 
 a storm ; being some great yard which 
 they put down into the step of that lost 
 ma^t, fastening it into the partners, and 
 fitting to it the missen or some lesser 
 yard with sails and ropes, and with it 
 make a shift to sail. Harris. 
 
 JUST. adj. [juste, Vr. Justus, Lat] 
 
 1 . Upright : incorrupt ; equitable in the 
 distribution of justice. 
 
 Take it, while yet 'tis praise, before my rage 
 Unsafely j'n.'it, break loose on his bad nge.Drydai. 
 
 Men are commonly so Jus! to virtue and good- 
 ness, as to praise it in others, even when they do 
 not practice it themselves. _ TiUolson. 
 
 2. Honest ; without crime in dealing with 
 others. 
 
 Jusi balances, just weiglits, and aj'u«( ephah. 
 
 Lee. xix. 
 ». I know not whether _;««< of has any 
 other authority. 
 
 Just 11^ thy word, in ev'ry thought sincere, 
 Who k'liew'no wish but what the world might 
 hear. P^'J"- 
 
 4. Exact; proper; accurate. 
 
 Boileau's numbers are excellent, his expressions 
 noble, his thoughts just, his language pure, and 
 his sense close. Drydcn 
 
 JUS 
 
 These scenes were wrougUf, 
 Eiubellish'd with good morals and just tliougnt. 
 
 (iranr4Ue, 
 Just precepts thus from great exaiimles gi»'n, 
 She drew from thciii what they oeriv'd from 
 Hcav'ii. Pope, 
 
 Just to Ihe tale, as present at Ihe fray, 
 Or laught the labours of the dreadful way. Pope, 
 Once on a time La Mancha's knight, tliey siy, 
 .K certain bard encount'ring on the way, 
 Discours'd in terms as just, wiilt looks as saee, 
 As ere could Dennis i'( the laws o' th' stage. Pope, 
 riiough the syllogism be irregiil.tr, yet the in- 
 ferences are /lut and true. H'uitt's Lo^ick. 
 
 ■>. Virtuou.s ; innocent ; pure. 
 
 Mow should man htijuit with God? Juft, 
 
 ^juit man falleth seven times and ri»eib. Prvv. 
 He shall be recompensed at the resurrection of 
 the iust. Mall. 
 
 Thejiut til' unjust to serve. MUton, 
 
 6. True ; not forged. 
 
 Crimes were laid to his charge too many, the 
 least whereof beingjust, had bereaved liiiii of es- 
 timation and credit liooktr, 
 
 7. Grounded on principles of justice; 
 rightful. 
 
 Me tliough_;(ist right 
 Did first create your learicr. Milton, 
 
 8. Equally retributed. 
 
 He received a just recoropence of reward. 
 
 iiet.ii. 2. 
 Whose damnation hjust. Horn, iii, 8. 
 
 As Hesiud sings, spread water o'er th\ tietds. 
 And a most Just and glad increase it yields. 
 
 Dfuham, 
 
 9. Complete without superfluity or defect. 
 
 He was a comely personage, a lillle above Juit 
 stature, well and straiglit limbed, but slender. 
 
 Uuatii tlenry VII. 
 
 10. Regular; orderly. 
 
 When all 
 The war shall stand ranged in its ;i(.« array. 
 And dreadful pomp, then will 1 'tiiiiik un tliee. 
 
 Addistm; 
 
 11. E.xactly proportioned. 
 
 The prince is here at hand : pleaseth your lordship 
 To meet his grace, Jiisl distance 'iwceii our armies^ 
 
 Shaktsp. 
 
 12. Full ; of full dimensions. 
 
 His soldiers had skirmishes with the Nuniidians. 
 60 that once the skirmish was like to have come to 
 iijusl battle. Knollfs's Hiilorii. 
 
 There is not any one particular above men- 
 tioned, but would lake up the business of a ,"ujt 
 volume. //d/e's Origin i)/' Muukiud. 
 
 7'here seldom appeared a just aimy in the civil 
 wars. iJiilc/ifSs o) fiCKCastle, 
 
 Just. adv. 
 
 1 . Exactly ; nicely ; accurately. 
 
 The god Pan guided ray hand just to tlie heart 
 of the beast. _ Sidmu. 
 
 They go about to make us believe that they 
 are just of the same opinion, and that thev only 
 think such ceremonies .-ire not to be used when 
 they arc unprofitable, or when as good or better 
 may- be established. Hooker, 
 
 ■There, ev'njiist there he stood ; and as she spoke, 
 Where last the spectre was, she cast her look. 
 
 DryJen. 
 
 A few understand him right; ;iu( as when our 
 Saviour said, in an allegorical sense. £\ce|.t yeeat 
 the flesh of ihe son of man, and drink his Noorl, 
 ye have no life in you. Bentley, 
 
 'Tis with our judgments as our watches, none 
 Go just alike ; yet each believes his own. Pope. 
 
 2. Merely ; barely. 
 
 It is the huniour of weak and triflins rocu to 
 value themselves uponj'urt jiothing at alf 
 
 L'Tjtrangt. 
 
 The Nereids swam before 
 To smooth the seas ; a soft elesian gale 
 But just inspir'd and gemly swell'd the sail.Dryd. 
 
 Give me, vc gods, the pnitturl of oue held, 
 That so I ne'nher may be rich ni>r pcor ; 
 And having /ust enough, nolcovcl moic.Dryi/iB. 
 
 3. Nearly ; almost; U.ttum ncn, 
 
 1027
 
 JUS 
 
 Being spent wih ape. and just at the point of 
 death, Denuicritu3 called fur loaves of new bread 
 to be brnught, atul wirb the steaiu of them under 
 his nose prulontied bis life. Tempk. 
 
 Just. n.s. [ /«M.s/e, Fr.] Mock encounter 
 on horseback ; tilt ; tournament. Joust 
 more proper. 
 
 Non w.is eitiier more grateful to the beholders, 
 or more noble in itself, li)aii j'usfs, both with sword 
 and launce. _ Sidney. 
 
 What news ? hold those Justs and triumphs ? 
 
 Shake&p. 
 
 AmoUi; themselves the tourney they divide, 
 In cqtial squadrons rani^M on either side ; 
 Then ttnn'd liicir liorses heads, and man to man. 
 And steed In steed opposM, tlie /(/s/s began. Dci/fi. 
 
 To Just. v. 71. [j usftr, Fr.] 
 
 1 . To enafatre in a mock (ifrht ; to tilt. 
 
 2. To push; to drive; tojustle. 
 JU'S'PICE. n. s. [justice, Fr. justitia, 
 
 Lat ] 
 
 1. The virtue by which we give to every 
 man what is liis (Uie ; opposed to injury 
 or wrons- \t\i eithex distributive, be- 
 longing to magistrates ; or comimtta- 
 tiie, respecting common transactions be- 
 tween men. 
 O that I were judfje, I woidd do justice. 2 Sum. 
 The king-hec iminc graces, 
 A^jnstice, verity, teiup'rance, stableness, 
 1 have no relistiof thetu. Shukesp. Macbeth. 
 
 The nature atid office of justice being to dispose 
 the mind to a constant and perpetual readiness 
 to reiuler to every man his due, it is evident, tiiat 
 if gratitude be a "part of Justice, it nnist be conver- 
 sant about something that is due to another. Loc/ce. 
 
 H. Equity ; agreeableness to right; as, he 
 provtd the justice of hi.i claim. 
 
 3. Vindicative retribution ; punishment ; 
 opposed to mercy. 
 
 He excciited the /ust/ce of the Lord. Vent. 
 
 IjetjiLHticc overtake us. Isa. lix. 9. 
 
 Examples of jua'.icc must he made, for terror to 
 
 some ; examples of uiercy, for comfort to others. 
 
 Bariyn'i A'Uict tn Villicrs. 
 
 4. Right ; assertion of right. 
 
 Draw thy sword, 
 That if itiy sjjeecii rjlieud a noble lieart. 
 Thy arm may do thee Just/cc. Sliakefip. Kiug Lear. 
 
 5. [Jiistirinriui, Lat.] One deputed by 
 the king to do right by way of judgment. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 And thou, Esdras, ordain judges and justices, 
 
 that tiiey may judue in all Syria. i F.sftras. 
 
 6. Justice of the King's Bench, [justicia- 
 ritis de Rar.quo Regis'] is a lord by his 
 office, and the chief of the i-est ; where- 
 fore lie is also called capilalis jusliciarius 
 Anglife. His office especially is to hear 
 and determine all pleas of tl'.e crown ; 
 that is, such as concern offences com- 
 mitted against the crown, <lignity, and 
 peace of the king ; as treasons, felonies, 
 mayhems, and such like : but it is come 
 to pnss, that he with his assistants heareth 
 all pel sonal actions, and real also, if they 
 be incident to any personal action de- 
 pending before them. Cowell. 
 
 Give that wliipster his errand. 
 He'll take my K)rd chief justice-s warrant. Prior. 
 
 7. Justice nj the Common Pleas. [ juslicia- 
 rius Communivm Placitorum.] Is a lord 
 by his office, and is called dominusjits- 
 tici'irius communium placitorum. He 
 with his assistants originally did hear 
 and determine all causes at the common 
 
 JUS 
 
 law ; that is, all civil causes between 
 common persons, as well personal as 
 real ; for which cause it was called the 
 court of common pleas, in opposition to 
 the pleas of the crown, or the king's 
 pleas, which are special, and appertain- 
 ing to him only. Cojvell. 
 
 8. ,Tuslice of the Forest. [justiciarius 
 Foreslfe.] Is a lord by his office, and 
 hath the hearing and determining of all 
 offences within the king's forest, com- 
 mitted against venison or vert : of tliese 
 there be two, whereof the one hath ju- 
 risdiction over all the forest on this side 
 Trent, and the other of all beyond. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 9. Justices of Assise, [justiciarii ad capi- 
 endas Assisas.'] Are such as were wont, 
 by special commission, to be sent into 
 this or that country to take assises; the 
 ground of which polity was the ease of the 
 subjects : for whereas these actions pass 
 always by jury, so many men might not, 
 without great hinderance, be brought to 
 London ; and therefore justices, for this 
 purpo.se, were by commission particu- 
 larly authorised and sent down to them. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 10. Justices in Eyre, [justiciarii itine- 
 rantes.] Are so termed of the French 
 ei-re, iter. The use of these, in ancient 
 time, was to send them with commission 
 into divers counties, to hear such causes 
 especially as were termed the pleas of the 
 crown, and therefore I must imagine 
 they were sent abroad for the ease of 
 the subjects, who must else have been 
 hurried to the King s Bench, if the cause 
 were too high for the country court. 
 They differed from the justices of Oyer 
 and Terminer, because they were sent 
 upon some one or few especial cases, 
 and to one place ; whereas the justices 
 in eyre were sent through the provinces 
 and countries of the land, with more 
 indefinite and general commission. 
 
 Cowell. 
 
 1 1 . Justices of Gaol Delivery, [justiciarii 
 ad Gaolas deliberandas.] Are such as 
 are sent with commission to hear and 
 determine all causes appertaining to such 
 as for any offence are cast into gaol, part 
 of whose alithority is to punish such as 
 let to mainprise those prisoners tiiat by 
 law be not bailable. These by likelihood, 
 in ancient time, were sent to countries 
 upon several occasions ; but afterward 
 justices of assise were likewise autho- 
 rised to this. Cowell. 
 
 12. Justices of Nisi Prius are all one now- 
 a-days with justices of assise ; for it is a 
 covnmon adjournment of a cause, in the 
 common pleas, to put it off to such a 
 day ; nisi prius justiciarii venerint ad 
 eas paries ad capiendas assisas ; and upon 
 this clause of adjournment they are called 
 
 JUS 
 
 justices of nisi prius, as well as justices 
 of assise, by reason of the writ or action 
 tliat they have to deal in. CviveU. 
 
 13. ,/ustices of Peace, [justiciarii ad Pa- 
 cem.] Are they that are appointed by the 
 king's commission, with others, to at- 
 tend the peace of the country where they 
 dwell ; of whom some, upon especial 
 respect, are made of the quorum, be- 
 cause some business of importance may 
 not be dealt in without the presence of 
 them, or one of them. Cowell. 
 
 The justice. 
 In fair round belly with good capon lin'd, 
 Whh eyes severe, and beard of formal cut. 
 Full of wise saws and modern instances, 
 And so he plays his part. Shakesp. As you like it. 
 
 Thou hast appointed ji/sttVes of the peace to call 
 poor men before them, about matters they were 
 not able to answer. Shakesp. 
 
 The justices of peace are of great use ; anci- 
 ently they were eonversators of the peace ; these 
 are the same, saving that several acts of parliament 
 have enlarged their jurisdiction. Bacon, 
 
 To Justice, v. a. [from the noun. 1 To 
 administer justice to any. A word not 
 in use. 
 
 As for the title of proscription, wherein the 
 emperor hath been jiid'?e and party, and liath j'wi- 
 ticcd hituseif, God furbt'd Imt that it should endure 
 an appeal to a war. Bacon. 
 
 Whereas one Stvward, a Scot, was api>rehend- 
 ed for intending lo jj ason the yc^ung queen of 
 Scots ; the king deliveud liiin to the Fiencb king, 
 to hejusticed by him at bis pleasure. Ilapward. 
 
 Ju'ticement. n.s. [{lomjuiiice] Pro- 
 cedure in courts. 
 
 Ju'STiCER. n. s. [from To justice.] Ad- 
 ministrator of justice. An old word. 
 
 He was a singular good justiccr ; and if he had 
 not died in the second year of his goverinmnt, was 
 tlie likeliest person to have reformed the English 
 colonies. Davits on Ireland. 
 
 Justiceship, n. s. [from jus/ ice.] Rank 
 or office of justice. Sicift. 
 
 Justiciable, adj. [{rom justice.] Pro- 
 per to be examined in courts of justice. 
 Ju'STlFlABLE. adj. [{rom justify .] De- 
 fensible by law or reason. 
 
 Just are the ways of God, 
 And iustijiable to iuen. Milton's Agonista. 
 
 Although some animals in the water do carry a 
 juitijiuble resemblance to some at land, yet ate the 
 major part which bear their names unlike. 
 
 Brown's Vulg. Etr. 
 
 Ju'STIFI ABLENESS. M.S. [fvom justifiable.] 
 Rectitude ; possibility of being fairly 
 
 defended. 
 
 Men, jealous of thejnstijiableress of their doingi 
 before God, never think tliey have human strength 
 enough. king Charles. 
 
 Ju'sTiFiABLY. adv. [from justifiable.] 
 Rightly ; so as to be supported by right; 
 
 defensibly. 
 
 A man may xaote justifiably throw cross and pile 
 for his opinions, than lake them up by such mea- 
 sures, i^oclte. 
 
 Justification, n.s. [justificalion, fr. 
 justificatio, low Lat.] 
 
 1. Absolution. 
 
 I hope, for my brother's _^«sl!^coti(>n, lie wrote 
 this but as au essay of my virtue. Shakttp. 
 
 2. Defence ; maintenance ; vindication ; 
 
 support. 
 
 Among theological arguments, in justijication ol 
 absolute obedience, was one of a singular nature. 
 
 imjt. 
 
 10i»
 
 JUS 
 
 3. Deliverance by pardon from sins past. 
 
 Clarke. 
 
 Ill such righteousness 
 To them by faith imputed, they may find 
 Ju$iitication towards God, and peace 
 Of cciiscience. Milton s Par. Lost. 
 
 'Tis the consummation of that former act of 
 faith by this latter, or, in the words of St. Paul 
 and St. James, the consummation of faith by cha- 
 rity and good works, that God acccpteth in Christ 
 ro justipcatioH, and not the bare aptness of faith i> 
 
 bring forth works, if those works, by the fault of a 
 t be brouglit forth. 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 rebelhous infidel, wiil not I 
 
 Justifica'tor. n. s. [from justify.] 
 One who supports, defends, vindicates, 
 or justifies. 
 
 JusTiFiER. n. s. [froxxi fusfify.] One 
 who justifies ; one who defends or ab 
 solves ; one who frees from sin by par- 
 don. 
 
 That he miglit be just, and the jitstificr of him 
 ■which believeth in Jesus. horn. lii. 26. 
 
 T(? JUSTIFY, u. ff. [justiJter^Fr.justi- 
 
 JicOy low Lat.] 
 1, To clear from imputed gilt ; to absolve 
 from an accusation. 
 
 The law hathjudg'd tlice, Eleanor; 
 I cannot }>tstijij whom law condemns. Shakfsp. 
 
 They saj , behold a m:ivi gluttonous, a friend of 
 publicans and sinners ; but wisdoiu is Justified vf 
 her children Matt. 
 
 How can man be justijied with God ? Or how 
 can he be clean that is burn of a woman ? .fob. 
 
 Tliere is an exquisite sublilily, and the same is 
 unjust; and tliere is a wise man that justijieih in 
 judgment. ' Eccles, 
 
 Sins may be forgiven through repentance, but 
 no act or writ of myn will ever jiistijij them. Sherl. 
 
 You're neiiherjtuij/terf, nor yet accusd. Dryd. 
 
 8, To maintain ; to defend ; to vindicate. 
 
 When we began in courteous manner to lay his 
 unkindnesis untu him, he seeing himself confronted 
 by so many, like a resolute orator, went not to 
 denial, but tn jiistify his cruel falsehood. Sidney. 
 
 What she did, whatever in itself, 
 Her diting seem d to justify the deed. Milton. 
 
 My unwilling flight the gods inforce. 
 And that musxjiislif'ij <'ur sad divorce. Denham. 
 
 Yet still thy fouls shall stand in thy defence, 
 And justifu llieir author's want of sense. Dryden. 
 
 Ijet ot\ieTS justifu tlieir missions as they can, we 
 are sure we can /w-sd'/'y that of our fathers by an 
 uninterrupted succession. Atterbury. 
 
 3. To free from past sin by pardon. 
 
 By him all that believe are juslijied from all 
 things, frum which ye could not bejusiyied by the 
 law of Moses. Acts. 
 
 ToJu'STLE. v.n. [from jti$f,jouste}^,¥i\] 
 To encounter ; to clash ; to rush against 
 each other. 
 
 While injury of chance 
 Puts back have taking, jitstles roughly by 
 All lime of pause, rudely beguiles our lips 
 Of all rejoindure. Shakesp. Ti'oilus and Cressida, 
 The chariots shall rage in the streets, tliey shall 
 iwtle one against another in ttie broad ways. 
 
 Nah. ii. 4. 
 Argo pass'd, 
 Through Bosphorus, oetwixt ihejustUng rocks. 
 
 idilton,. 
 
 JUS 
 
 Late the clouds 
 Justlitig, or piish'd with winds, rude in their shock 
 Tine the slant lightning. MiUon't Far. Lost. 
 
 Not one starry spark. 
 But gods met gods, and /i«(/e in the dark. Lee 
 
 Courtiers therefore juslle for a grant ; 
 
 And when they break their friendship, plead their 
 
 want. Drxjden. 
 
 The more remote run stumbling with their fear, 
 
 And, in the dark, menjustle as they meet. Dry<i. 
 
 Wlien elephant 'gainst elephant did rear 
 His trunk, and castles /lisf/cii in the air. 
 My sword thy way to victory had shown. Z>riyi/cn. 
 Was there not one who had set bars and doors 
 tu it, and said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no 
 farther, and here shall thy proud waves be staid ; 
 then might we well expect such vicib>itudes, such 
 Justlin^^s and clashing^ in nature. Woodward. 
 
 I thought the dean had been too proud 
 To justle here among a croud. Swijt. 
 
 7^oJi3'sTLE. V. a. To push; to drive; to 
 force by rushing against it. It is com- 
 monly used with a particle following, as 
 out or off. 
 
 Private and single abilities should not justle out 
 and deprive the church of the joint abilities of 
 many learned and godly men. ^''»o ChaUs. 
 
 Many excellent strains have heeuJustUd off by 
 their intrusions. Browns Vulg. Err. 
 
 The surly commons shall respect deny, 
 Ain\ Justle peerage ^ut with property. Dryden. 
 
 It is not to he imagined that the incongruous al- 
 phabets and abuses of writing can ever bejuslled 
 
 nt of their possession uf all libraries. 
 
 'older. 
 
 Running iii the dark, a man may justU a post. 
 
 Collier. 
 
 Absent good, though thought on, not making 
 any part of unhappiness in its absence, is justled 
 out to make way for the removal of those uneasi- 
 nesses we feel. Locke. 
 
 Wejiistled one anotiier out, and disputed the post 
 for a great while. Addisons Guardian. 
 
 Ju'sTLY. adv. [from just,] 
 
 1. Uprightly ; honestly; in a just manner. 
 
 Nothing can /ustty be despised, that cannot /uj(/y 
 be blamed: where there is no choice, there can 
 be no blame. South. 
 
 With ignominy scourg'd, in open sight: 
 Next view the Tarquin kings ; the avenging sword 
 Of Brutus /j(S(/y drawn, and Rome restor'd.Dr^d. 
 
 The goddess," studious (»f her Grecians fate, 
 Taught them in laws and letters to excel, 
 In acting /uif/y, and in writing well. Prior, 
 
 2. Properly; exactly; accurately. 
 
 Their artful hands, instruct the lute to sound, 
 Their feet assist their hands, and Justly beat the 
 ground. Dryden. 
 
 Ju'sTNKSS. n, 5. [fromjust.] 
 J. Justice; reasonableness; equity. Just 
 71CSS is properly applied to things, and 
 justice to persons ; though we now say 
 the justice of a cause, as well as of a 
 judge. 
 
 It maketh unto the rigbt of the war against liim, 
 whose success useth commonly to be according to 
 the Justness of the cause for which it is made. 
 
 Spenser on Ireland. 
 We may not tliink the Justness of each act 
 Such and iio other tiian event doth form it. Shan. 
 
 2. Accuracy; exactness; propriety. In 
 this sense it is now most used. 
 
 I value the satisfactiun I had in seeing it repre- 
 sented with all the Justness and gracefulness of ac- 
 tion. Dryden. 
 
 J Y M 
 
 I appeal to the people, was the tisuaJ »ajing of 
 a vcrv eicelleiil dramalick poet, when he had an, 
 dispute witli particular persons about the Jiistntu 
 ana regularity of his productions. Atiduon. 
 
 To Jut. v. n. [This vpord is supposed to 
 be corrupted from jd, perhaps from 
 shoot.] To push or shoot into promitien- 
 ces ; to come out beyond the maia bulk. 
 
 Insulting tyranny begins to jut 
 Upon the innocent and awlcss throne. Shakesp. 
 
 All the projected or inlling parts should be verj 
 moderate, especially tlie cornices of the lower or- 
 ders. Wotlon. 
 
 The land if nnt restrain'd, had met your way. 
 Projected out a neck, and Jutted to the sea. Dryd. 
 
 Broke by the jutting land on either •i'le i 
 In double streams the briny waters glide. Dryrfen. 
 
 It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem, 
 and be independent of it. Broome, 
 
 ToJu'tty. v. a. [homjiU.I To shoot out 
 beyond. 
 
 'Ihcn lend the eye a terrible aspect ; 
 Let it pry through" the portage of the head 
 Like a brass cannon: let the brow o'erwiielm It 
 As fearfully as doth a galled rock 
 O'erhang and /u(ty his confounded base, 
 Swill'd with the wild aud wasteful oceai\. Shakesp 
 
 JUVENILE. adj. \:juvenilis, Lat] 
 Young; youth fuL 
 
 Learning hath its infancy when it is almost 
 childish ; then its youth, when it is luxuriant and 
 juvenile; then its sireneth of years, when it is 
 solid ; and lastly, its old age, when it waxeih dry 
 and exhaust. iiacon'j Essay. 
 
 Juveni'lity. n. s. [from juvenile.'] 
 
 1. Youthfulness. 
 
 The restauralion of grey hairs to ;ucem7ily, and 
 renewing exhausted marrow, may be effected 
 without a miracle. CliinwJi«. 
 
 2. Light and careless manner. 
 
 Customary strains and abstracted ^utifniiiiio 
 have made it difficult to commend and speak cre- 
 dibly in dedications. Glaniitie. 
 
 Ju'xTAPOSlTlON. n.s. [juxtaposition, 
 Yr.juxla and positio, Lat.] Apposition; 
 the state of being placed by each other. 
 Nor can it bo a dirierence, that the parts of solid 
 bodies are held toiiclher by hooks, since the cohe- 
 rence of these will be of difficult conception ; and 
 we must either suppose an infinite number of tJieuj 
 holding tiigelhcr, or at last come to parts that »ro 
 united by a ineri^ jujtaposition. GUinvUie. 
 
 I'vY. w. s. [ipij. Sax. hedtra, Lat.] A 
 plant. 
 
 It is a parasilick plant, sending forth roots or 
 fibres from its branches, by which it is fastened to 
 either trees, walls, or plants which are near it, 
 and from thence receives a great share of iu aou- 
 rishment. C iiUUr. 
 
 A gown made of the finest wool ; 
 A belt of straw, aud iry buds. 
 With coral clasps and aiuber studs ; 
 Anil if these pleasures may thee move. 
 Come live with me and be my love. Raleigh. 
 
 Direct the clasping ivy where to climb, ^ikon. 
 
 Jy'mold. adj. [See Gimal.] 
 
 'I'heir poor jades 
 Lob down their heads, dropping the hide and hipi 
 And in their pale dull mouths \.hejymoid bit 
 Lies, foul witli chew'd grass, itill aiid motJonleH 
 
 Shakuf 
 
 END OF VOL. I. 
 
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